cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Measurements of Plasma Potential in the Core of the MST Reversed Field Pinch with a Heavy Ion Beam Probe

Measurement of the plasma potential in the core of MST marks both the first interior potential measurements in an RFP, as well as the first measurements by a Heavy Ion Beam Probe (HIBP) in an RFP. The HIBP has operated with (20-110) keV sodium beams in plasmas with toroidal currents of (200-480) kA over a wide range of densities and magnetic equilibrium conditions. A positive plasma potential is measured in the core, consistent with the expectation of rapid electron transport by magnetic fluctuations and the formation of an outwardly directed ambipolar radial electric field. Comparison between the radial electric field and plasma flow is underway to determine the extent to which equilibrium flow is governed by E×B. Measurements of potential and density fluctuations are also in progress.
In Search of the Noble Savage: Some Romantic Cases

The idea of the noble savage is as early as Oroonoko; or, The Royal Slave (1688), a novel by Aphra Behn, or Friday, the cannibal in Robinson Crusoe(1719).In Chateaubriand's major novels with New World settings it mirrors European yearning for naivete and purity. In Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales both the “white savage” Natty Bumppo and his friend, the Indian chief, Chingachgook are destined to be outmoded by historical forces. An early novel, Typee: A Peep at Polyneasian Life during a Four Months' Residence in a Valley of the Marquesas, by Herman Melville discloses that the Typee way of life is not very conducive to upholding the European myth of the noble savage. Robert Louis Stevenson's relative success in falling into the embrace of the South Seas when he settled in Samoa is contrasted with Paul Gauguin's contradictory search for Rousseauesque refuge in a primitive culture and his yearning for recognition as an artist by European contemporaries. The idea of the noble savage has been a productive misprision or cultural lie in many respects but today its lingering cliche supports a superannuated hord of lesser Gauguins.
The History of Teaching and Talking about Sex in Schools

It has never been easy to talk about sex in schools, much less to offer any formal curriculum. That difficulty has extended to historical research on the subject as well. However, a significant body of historical work on sexuality has been published in recent decades, including John D'Emilio and Estelle Freedman's contemporary classic, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America (1988, 1997). Groundbreaking works such as this have inspired new historical scholarship on sexuality in a range of social contexts, including schools. Chief among these are two recent books on the history of sex education in United States public schools, a previously underresearched area. These two works, in turn, provide important groundwork on which a rich variety of scholarship in the history of education may yet be written. The first of these volumes, Jeffrey Moran's Teaching Sex: The Shaping ofAdolescence in the 20th Century, chronicles the development of formal sex education programs in public schools from the progressive era through the present. Moran frames these programs as means by which adults have attempted to alter the sexual behavior of adolescents. He argues that there is little evidence these programs ultimately have achieved their stated ends. Instead, sex education battles have revealed much about the values that adults have wished to impart to youth.
1-Soliton solution of the generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation with nonlinear dispersion and time-dependent coefficients

Abstract In this Letter, the 1-soliton solution of the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation with power law nonlinearity and nonlinear dispersion along with time-dependent coefficients is obtained. There are two models for this kind of an equation that are studied. The constraint relation between these time-dependent coefficients is established for the solitons to exist. Subsequently, this equation is again analysed with generalized evolution. The solitary wave ansatz is used to carry out this investigation.
Studies in porphyria. I. A defect in the reductive transformation of natural steroid hormones in the hereditary liver disease, acute intermittent porphyria.

A variety of 5β steroid metabolites derived from hormones natural to man are potent inducers experimentally of δ-aminolevulinate synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in porphyrin-heme formation. This mitochondrial enzyme is found at high levels of activity in the livers of patients with the genetic disease, acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). In this study the metabolism of 14C-labeled testosterone was examined in AIP patients to determine whether there was a disproportionate conversion of the hormone to its 5β, compared to its 5α metabolite. The results indicate that AIP subjects do generate a substantially greater than normal fraction of 5β metabolite from this steroid; the excessive degree of ring A reduction of testosterone taking place via the 5β pathway in the porphyric patients averages 350% greater than in the nonporphyric subjects. In one asymptomatic AIP patient the disproportionate generation of 5β metabolite from the hormone reached a level 10 times the normal mean. Studies with a second 14C-labeled hormone, dehydroisoandrosterone, whose metabolism in man resembles that of testosterone, confirmed the derangement in reductive transformation of steroids found in the individuals carrying the genetic lesion of AIP. These findings define a new endocrine abnormality in AIP patients and raise the possibility that endogenously derived 5β steroids may contribute by an induction mechanism to the increased levels of hepatic δ-aminolevulinate synthetase activity found in AIP patients.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the performance of a 240 kW centrifugal compressor with different diffusers

Abstract Eight low solidity vaned diffusers (LSVD1–LSVD8) were designed for a 240 kW centrifugal compressor. All eight LSVDs and for comprison purposes along with two standard and high performing vaneless diffusers and one conventional vaned diffuser were tested downstream of the same impeller. The objective was to understand the pressure recovery phenomena in each of the three types of diffusers, and the effect of design parameters on performance. Also, the results were compared with the results from numerical simulation. The design parameters include the solidity, turning angle, vane setting angle, and the number of vanes. The experimental investigation was performed at three different rotational speeds ( M u =0.69, 0.88, 1.02). The experimental results proved the superior merits of the LSVDs relative to the vaneless and vaned diffuser. The LSVDs fulfilled the high expectations, since they seemed to combine the advantages of the conventional diffusers by providing a good pressure recovery over a wide flow range.
Interrelated risk factors for venous thromboembolism.

The concept of multiple risk factors interacting to cause arterial thrombotic disease is well established. Conversely, venous thrombotic events are often described as discrete events, even though many of the known risk factors for venous thrombosis are lifelong. In most cases, it remains enigmatic why any particular thrombosis occurs. Unanswered questions include why there is often a 30- or 40-year lag before the first thrombosis in many patients with documented congenital hypercoagulable states. Why do first-degree relatives of affected patients who share the defective gene generally have only a 50% lifetime risk of developing thrombosis? In part, the answers to these questions are that several factors, congenital and acquired, must operate in concert to defeat the redundancy of antithrombotic mechanisms. An article in this issue of Circulation 1 demonstrates an interaction of two such risk factors: activated protein C resistance and moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. Alone, each factor carries a modest risk of thrombosis. Together, they exponentially increase the probability of thrombosis. In addition, unlike the previously described risk factors, homocyst(e)inemia is potentially treatable. Both of these mechanisms that contribute to the development of venous thrombosis have been described recently. The first is factor V Leiden, the cause of most cases of resistance to activated protein C.2 This point mutation in the factor V molecule greatly decreases the rate of inactivation of factor Va by activated protein C.3 The factor V Leiden point mutation does not alter the plasma concentration or coagulant activity of factor V but only stabilizes it against proteolytic inactivation. Factor Va and factor Xa together form the “prothrombinase complex” that generates thrombin from prothrombin. The downregulation of this complex by activated protein C and protein S appears to be a very important step in the …
Establishment of functional relationships between product components in assembly database

Abstract In an assembly environment, explicit interface information between the major part components is necessary to determine proper assembly plans, avoid undesirable interferences between parts, and achieve the required product function. A semantic association model (SAM∗)-based assembly database is proposed to organize this assembly-specific semantic information in a hierarchical structure in its subassembly module. A hybrid constructive solid geometry/boundary representation (as a structured face adjacency graph) is used to represent each component part of the assembly. These are stored in single part modules. The representational scheme is feature based and a functional relationship graph is developed to establish the required mating conditions between these features of different components in an assembly.
In vitro buffering capacity changes of seven commodities under controlled moisture and heating conditions.

Abstract Effects of adding 0 or .25 g of water/g of feed and heating for 0, 20, or 40 h at 100°C on buffering capacity of beet pulp, almond hulls, alfalfa hay, oat hay, wheat bran, oat bran, and barley were determined in vitro. Feeds were examined for ash, N, NDF, ADF, acid detergent lignin, total buffering capacity (pH 4 to 9), and physiological buffering capacity (pH 5.5 to 7). Minerals were measured at 0 g of water/g of feed, 0 h of heat and at .25 g of water/g of feed, 40 h of heat; differences were negligible. Total buffering capacity was high for alfalfa, oat hay, and almond hulls; low for barley and oat bran; and intermediate for beet pulp and wheat bran. Physiological buffering capacity was consistently lower than total buffering capacity, but differences varied among and within feeds. Moisture had little effect on buffering capacity, NDF, ADF, or lignin. Time of heating had a significant effect on buffering capacity, NDF, ADF, and lignin but not on N or ash. Heating increased buffering capacity in most cases. Lignin was a poorer predictor of buffering capacity than total ash across feeds but a better predictor within feed across treatments. Large errors could occur when using total ash to predict buffering capacity for feeds subjected to heat.
Who is best benefited by radical prostatectomy

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men. This year 317,100 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States, and approximately 41,400 men will die of it.37 It has been estimated that up to one third of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer undergo radical prostatectomy, translating to an estimated 70,000 radical prostatectomies in 1995.15 The increase in the number of radical prostatectomies to treat men with prostate cancer has occurred for several reasons. First is the dramatic increase in the detection of prostate cancer that has occurred over the past several years owing primarily to the use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in conjunction with digital rectal examination (Fig. 1)?g6 By comparison, 10 years ago in 1986, prior to widespread use of PSA testing, 90,000 new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed.26 Thus, in 1996 there are more than 3 times more new cases of prostate cancer diagnosed than 10 years ago in the United States, and this trend may continue as a higher proportion of the population undergoes early detection. Second, the last few years have witnessed a profound “stage and age migration” for newly detected prostate cancer: Whereas only about 60% of cancers of the prostate detected in 1984 and 1990 were clinically organ-confined,15 more than 95% of tumors detected in aggressive early-detection programs are clinically organ-confined” Therefore, a higher proportion of newly detected tumors are potentially amenable to radical prostatectomy. Moreover, the application of early-detection strategies to younger men in their forties and fifties (as recommended by the American Cancer Society and American UroIogical Association) has also tended to increase the proportion of men with newly diagnosed organ-confined cancer who are suitable operative candidates. This increased and earlier (in terms of both patient age and tumor stage) detection of prostate cancer has coincided with a substantial increase in our
Constraining binding hot spots: NMR and molecular dynamics simulations provide a structural explanation for enthalpy-entropy compensation in SH2-ligand binding.

NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to probe the structure and dynamics of complexes of three phosphotyrosine-derived peptides with the Src SH2 domain in an effort to uncover a structural explanation for enthalpy−entropy compensation observed in the binding thermodynamics. The series of phosphotyrosine peptide derivatives comprises the natural pYEEI Src SH2 ligand, a constrained mimic, in which the phosphotyrosine (pY) residue is preorganized in the bound conformation for the purpose of gaining an entropic advantage to binding, and a flexible analogue of the constrained mimic. The expected gain in binding entropy of the constrained mimic was realized; however, a balancing loss in binding enthalpy was also observed that could not be rationalized from the crystallographic structures. We examined protein dynamics to evaluate whether the observed enthalpic penalty might be the result of effects arising from altered motions in the complex. 15N-relaxation studies and positional fl...
A Simple Sliding Mode Controller of a Fifth-Order Nonlinear PEM Fuel Cell Model

This paper presents a nonlinear control strategy for the well-known nonlinear fifth-order model of a proton exchange membrane (PEM, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell (PEMFC). We propose a simple sliding mode technique for this nonlinear model to keep pressures of hydrogen and oxygen at the desired values despite of changes of the fuel cell current. It is known that large deviations between hydrogen and oxygen partial pressures can damage the fuel cell membrane. The controller keeps the pressure difference between hydrogen and oxygen as small as possible after reaching steady state. Since the fuel cell current is considered as a disturbance, we apply a sliding mode control technique that copes well with external disturbances and uncertainties. Moreover, the proposed controller outperforms the controller previously proposed for this fuel cell model.
The initiation of adult development in Sarcophaga argyrostoma by β-ecdysone

Abstract Sarcophaga argyrostoma pupae otherwise destined to diapause can be made to initiate prompt, complete adult development by injection of 0.2 to 0.3 μg β-ecdysone/g body weight, if the injection is given soon after head eversion at the time ecdysone levels would normally increase in developing animals. At these doses some animals show only the earliest signs of adult development and then enter diapause. After two weeks in diapause, a 40-fold higher dose (10 μg/g) is required to initiate development promptly. β-ecdysone can also accelerate the termination of diapause after a time delay which is dose-dependent. Doses of 6 to 10 μg/g lead to hyperhormonal abnormalities affecting antennae, genitalia, and bristle orientation.
Gluten-Free Protein Bar Options

prBar Apple Pie 1 bar 200 15 Chocolate Mint 1 bar 200 16 Chocolate peanut 1 bar 200 17 Double Chocolate 1 bar 200 16 Iced Brownie 1 bar 200 16 Yogurt Berry 1 bar 210 19 Oatmeal Raisin 1 bar 200 16 Peanut Butter 1 bar 200 16 Peanut Butter Berry 1 bar 200 16 LUNA Chocolate 1 bar 170 13 Chocolate Cherry Almond 1 bar 170 15 Chocolate Peanut Butter 1 bar 190 13 Cookie Dough 1 bar 170 14 Mint Chocolate Chip 1 bar 170 13 thinkThin Creamy Peanut Butter 1 bar 240 0 Brownie Crunch 1 bar 230 0 Chunky Peanut Butter 1 bar 240 0 Chocolate Fudge 1 bar 240 0 White Chocolate 1 bar 240 0 Dark Chocolate 1 bar 230 0 Chocolate Espresso 1 bar 230 0 Chocolate Covered Strawberry 1 bar 200 0 Cookies and Cream 1 bar 230 0 Caramel Fudge 1 bar 240 0 Quest Vanilla Almond Crunch 1 bar 200 1 Chocolate Peanut Butter 1 bar 160 1 Apple Pie 1 bar 170 3 Cinnamon Roll 1 bar 170 1 Chocolate Brownie 1 bar 170 1 Strawberry Cheesecake 1 bar 160 2
A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography.

Generativity may be conceived in terms of 7 interrelated features : cultural demand, inner desire, generative concern, belief in the species, commitment, generative action, and personal narration. Two studies describe the development and use of 3 assessment strategies designed to tap into the generativity features of concern, action, and narration. A self-report scale of generative concern―the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS)―exhibited good internal consistency and retest reliability and showed strong positive associations with reports of actual generative acts (e.g., teaching a skill) and themes of generativity in narrative accounts of important autobiographical episodes. In 1 sample of adults between the ages of 19 and 68, LGS scores of fathers were higher than those of men who had never had children
Untangling memory deficits.

The buildup of protein aggregates consisting of proteins such as tau, huntingtin and amyloid-β occurs in a range of degenerative disorders. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the relative contribution of aggregates versus other, intermediate forms of the protein to disease. The most recent entry in the field examines the protein tau.
Structural basis for the control of translation initiation during stress

During environmental stress, organisms limit protein synthesis by storing inactive ribosomes that are rapidly reactivated when conditions improve. Here we present structural and biochemical data showing that protein Y, an Escherichia coli stress protein, fills the tRNA- and mRNA-binding channel of the small ribosomal subunit to stabilize intact ribosomes. Protein Y inhibits translation initiation during cold shock but not at normal temperatures. Furthermore, protein Y competes with conserved translation initiation factors that, in bacteria, are required for ribosomal subunit dissociation. The mechanism used by protein Y to reduce translation initiation during stress and quickly release ribosomes for renewed translation initiation may therefore occur widely in nature.
Reststrahlen Effects in Drift Experiments of Alkali Metal Halides in the Far-Infrared Region

DRIFT experiments in the far-infrared region are new. In the course of developing this technique, we have obtained some unusual results with the alkali metal halides due to the reststrahlen phenomenon. Neat solids (powder, single crystal, pressed pellets), as well as matrix (powdered polyethylene) diluted salts, gave inverse peaks (maxima in intensity on a percent T plot and a minima on an absorbance plot). The use of the blocker device on the diffuse reflectance attachment failed to normalize the peaks. The inverted peaks centered in the νTO and νLO phonon regions, with the intensity relation being νTO > νLO The inverse mode at the low-frequency region near the νTO mode was found always at higher energy than the νTO mode obtained by thin film experiments. It also was accompanied by shoulders on the high- and low-frequency sides. The weaker, higher frequency band was found to occur close to the νLO mode as determined by the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller equation. A Kramers-Kronig dispersion analysis was conducted and the changes in the index of refraction (n) and the absorption coefficient (K) were determined for various points around the dispersion frequency.
Redox properties of b-type cytochromes in Escherichia coli and rat liver mitochondria and techniques for their analysis

Abstract We describe here apparatus and procedures for conducting potentiometric titrations and for analyzing the collected data in terms of the number of components present, their amounts and their midpoint potentials. Using these procedures we have determined the presence of three forms of cytochrome b 1 in Escherichia coli with midpoint potentials at pH 7.1 of about −50, +110 and +220 mV. We were not able to demonstrate a change in any of these potentials by the addition of phosphate, ATP, or 2,4-dinitrophenol. We have been able to confirm the presence of two forms of cytochrome b in non-energized mitochondria and the apparent conversion of the low-potential component to a new high potential component upon energization of the mitochondria. However we cite further experimental data that question the actual conversion of one form of cytochrome b to another. An alternative interpretation based on our analysis suggests that the high voltage component may be present in a masked form in the non-energized mitochondria.
THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL SENSES IN SEED-CARRYING BEHAVIOR BY ANTS : A BEHAVIORAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY

Abstract The sensory bases of seed-carrying by ants were studied through behavioral, physiological, and morphological methods. Fourteen colonies from 4 ant species [Aphaenogaster rudis Emery, Lasius alienus Foerster, Formica subsericea Say, and Camponotus ferrigineus (F.)] were behaviorally tested for olfactory and gustatory responses to seeds of A. candense. Results indicate that ants do not perceive these seeds, which have elaiosomes, by olfaction. Rather, they respond to these seeds only if the seeds are antennated. These results indicate that these ants are not “attracted” to A. canadense seeds by olfactory cues. Electroantennograms (EAGs) recorded from F. subsericea in response to olfactory and gustatory application of mixed isomer diolein, a major component of many seed elaiosomes, support the behavioral data. Olfactory delivery produced EAG responses no different from that of controls, while gustatory delivery produced responses with dose-dependence. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the antennae of A. rudis, F. subsericea, and C. ferrigineus revealed the presence of sensilla chaetica, presumed to be contact chemoreceptors, and sensilla placodea and/or sensilla trichodea curvata that are believed to be olfactory receptors.
Should an alternate ABI definition be adopted to evaluate risk

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure measured at the ankle divided by the systolic blood pressure at the arm. By convention, the highest of the 2 arm pressures and the highest of the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery pressures at the ankle are used to
Predictive value of decreased p27 Kip1 protein expression for the recurrence-free and long-term survival of prostate cancer patients.

Predictive value of decreased p27 Kip1 protein expression for the recurrence-free and long-term survival of prostate cancer patients
Nucleic acid-reactive antibodies of restricted heterogeneity☆

Abstract Immunization of 3 rabbits with (AMP) 2 -gramicidin S has led to the production of anti-AMP antibodies of the IgG type. Isoelectric focusing of these antibodies and of their light and heavy chains demonstrated that the antibodies were of restricted heterogeneity. In one rabbit, three dominant bands, presumably representing the product of one clone of antibody-producing cells, appeared late after the first boost and continually reappeared after each successive boost. However, the banding patterns seen for the antibodies from the other two rabbits changed after each boost. The anti-AMP antibodies were found to react with DNA and with RNA. Although highly specific for AMP ( Ka > 10 6 M −1 ), they were able to bind several structurally diverse ligands, thus providing evidence that antibody combining sites are multispecific. The order of binding was as follows: AMP > GMP > DNP-gly > hydralazine=menadione > DNP-lys > caffeine > sodium barbital > procaineamide HCl > CMP > TMP > UMP. Binding constants for the first five were > 10 4 M −1 , comparable to that reported for the binding of similar ligands by myeloma globulins. The cross reaction with hydralazine might be relevant to the drug's ability to elicit nucleic acid-reactive antibodies in certain individuals. Rabbits immunized with (AMP) 2 -gramicidin S displayed a delayed hypersensitivity specific for A, indicating a hapten-specific T-cell interaction as well as the B-cell interaction that produced the humoral responses. A delayed skin reaction was also produced by gramicidin S.
Clonal chromosome aberrations in a case of nodular fasciitis

We report a case of nodular fasciitis with clonal chromosome aberrations including a reciprocal t(3;15)(q21;q22) and interstitial deletion (13)(q14q21).
A SURGICAL METHOD TO PRESERVE TESTICULAR FUNCTION AND RESTORE COSMETIC APPEARANCE IN HYPOGONADAL MEN

ABSTRACT Purpose: Maintenance of spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal patients is possible and is an objective to be actively pursued. Gonadotropin releasing hormone and gonadotropin/ testosterone therapy can develop and maintain sex characteristics and spermatogenesis such that even small gonads should be preserved. An empty scrotum, like any other congenital or acquired condition compromising the size of the genitalia, can produce serious psychosexual problems and have an extremely negative effect on normal social life. Materials and Methods: In 2 adolescents affected by Kallmann’s syndrome with testes of infantile volume 1 gonad was transferred to the contralateral hemiscrotum and replaced by an adult testicular prosthesis. Results: There were no postoperative complications. The cosmetic results were considered satisfactory by the patients and their parents. Conclusions: When possible and when there is no risk of physiological repercussions, every effort should be made to normalize the appearance of the genital area for strong psychological reasons.
Structure and Bonding in SnWO4, PbWO4, and BiVO4: Lone Pairs vs Inert Pairs

Three ternary oxides, SnWO4, PbWO4, and BiVO4, containing p-block cations with ns2np0 electron configurations, so-called lone pair cations, have been studied theoretically using density functional theory and UV−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The computations reveal significant differences in the underlying electronic structures that are responsible for the varied crystal chemistry of the lone pair cations. The filled 5s orbitals of the Sn2+ ion interact strongly with the 2p orbitals of oxygen, which leads to a significant destabilization of symmetric structures (scheelite and zircon) favored by electrostatic forces. The destabilizing effect of this interaction can be significantly reduced by lowering the symmetry of the Sn2+ site to enable the antibonding Sn 5s−O 2p states to mix with the unfilled Sn 5p orbitals. This interaction produces a localized, nonbonding state at the top of the valence band that corresponds closely with the classical notion of a stereoactive electron lone pair. In compo...
Structural determinants for the activation mechanism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor differ for phosphoinositide hydrolysis and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Abstract While the mechanism whereby the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) activates its classical effector phospholipase C-β (PLC-β) has largely been elucidated, there is little consensus on how this receptor activates a more recently identified effector, the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p42/44MAPK). Using transfected COS-1 cells, we investigated the activation of this signaling pathway at the receptor level itself. Previous mutational studies that relied on phosphoinositide turnover as an index of receptor activation have indicated that key residues in the second and seventh transmembrane domains participate in AT1 receptor activation mechanisms. Thus, we introduced a variety of mutations—AT1[D74N], AT1[Y292F], AT1[N295S], and AT1[AT2 TM7], which is composed of a chimeric substitution of the AT1 seventh transmembrane domain with its AT2 counterpart. These mutations that strongly diminished the receptor’s ability to activate PLC-β had little to no effect on its ability to activate p42/44MAPK, which not only suggests that p42/44MAPK does not exclusively lie downstream of the G-protein Gq/PLC-β pathway but also indicates that more than one activation state may exist for the AT1 receptor. The failure of a protein kinase C inhibitor to block AT1 receptor activation of p42/44MAPK further corroborated evidence that the receptor’s activation of p42/44MAPK is largely independent of the Gq/PLC-β/PKC pathway. Taken together, the experimental evidence strongly suggests that the mechanism whereby the AT1 receptor activates p42/44MAPK is fundamentally different from that for PLC-β, even at the level of the receptor itself.
Effect of menhaden oil and various seedoils on serum lipids and lipoproteins in rabbits

Abstract Four groups of New Zealand White rabbits (n=8) were fed semi-synthetic diets containing 7.6% fat (w/w) for 20 weeks. The fats were: 1. hydrogenated soybean oil (HSBO), 80% stearic acid, with 2% safflower oil (SO), 2. safflower oil, 78% linoleic acid, 3. linseed oil (LO), 54% linolenic acid, and 4. menhaden oil (MO), 21% palmitic acid, 13% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 8% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The diets contained 20% of calories from protein, 56% from carbohydrate, and 24% from fat. The MO diet also contained 0.06% cholesterol while the other diets were cholesterol free. Before assignment to experimental diets, the animals had serum cholesterol values of 62.1±20.3 mg/dl and triglyceride concentration of 40.3±14.3 mg/dl (mean±S.D.). After 4 weeks on the diets, the cholesterol values in the four groups were: HSBO, 70.9±21.2 mg/dl; SO, 59.1±15.9 mg/dl; LO, 65.1±50.7 mg/dl; and MO, 141.7±67.2 mg/dl. Only the MO value differed significantly from the pre-diet value (P
ZF and boolean algebra

A generically embedded Boolean algebra is studied. Several results about infinite complete Boolean algebras are shown to be independent of ZF.
Work-Home Conflict and Domestic Violence: A Test of a Conceptual Model

The relationship between work-home conflict and domestic violence is examined using data from 295 adults, who worked full time and were in serious relationships. Job satisfaction, gender, gender role attitudes, type of employment, and socioeconomic status were examined as predictors of work-family conflict. Backward stepwise regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction was the only predictor of work-home conflict. Regression analyses were again conducted to determine the moderating effects of general well-being, alcohol use, family of origin violence witnessed or experienced, communication skills, and social support on the relationship between work-home conflict and domestic violence. Both family of origin violence witnessed and personally experienced were revealed as moderators of this relationship. The remaining potential moderators were submitted to regression analyses to determine if they might, instead, be mediators. These analyses revealed that negative communication skills and social support mediated the relationship between work-home conflict and domestic violence.
A class of analytic solutions for the thermally balanced magnetostatic prominence sheet

A theoretical study is presented for the nonlinear interplay between magnetostatic equilibrium and energy balance in a Kippenhahn-Schlueter type solar prominence sheet. A class of theoretical models is presented, expressed in closed analytic forms, thus facilitating the direct illustration of the nonlinear physical properties. The model couples the equilibrium between magnetic field, plasma pressure, and weight on the one hand, with the balance between a rho-squared T radiative loss, a rho wave heating (where rho equals plasma density, and T equals plasma temperature), and thermal conduction channeled along magnetic field lines on the other. The steady solutions are divided into three classes, and are characterized by the total wave heating in the prominence sheet which is greater than, equal to, or less than the total radiative loss. The compaction of the plasma along the field lines, under its own weight, and the energy transport effects determine which of the three basic behaviors obtains in a particular situation. A discussion is presented of the implications of the steady solutions for the formation of prominences.
Catheter Drainage of the Pericardium: Practical Method to Maintain Long-term Patency

Pericardiocentesis with catheter insertion and drainage is widely used in management of large pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade. Two potential problems with an indwelling pericardial catheter system are catheter blockage and infection. We have utilized slow infusion of heparinized saline solution (3 ml/hr) via a continuous flush device to maintain catheter patency for up to seven days (mean 3.6) in 16 patients. Pericardial effusions were secondary to malignancy, uremia, and cardiac surgery. This article describes practical aspects of the technique. Most pericardial effusions can be successfully treated with pericardiocentesis and catheter drainage, provided the drainage is continued reliably and safely for several days. Surgical treatment such as subxiphoid pericardiostomy or partial pericardiectomy should be reserved for loculated effusions, clotted blood, subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis, or significant recurrences after initial drainage.
Identifying Early Predictors of Mortality in Pediatric Patients With Acute Leukemia and Pneumonia

Study objective To identify clinical variables of pneumonia in children with acute leukemia that predicted respiratory failure and mortality. Design A retrospective chart review of children with acute leukemia admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of pneumonia or ARDS from March 1991 to April 1994. Setting Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, a 168-bed teaching hospital and regional tertiary referral center for children in northern California. Patients During this study period, 20% of the 174 admissions of children with acute leukemia had pneumonia at the time of admission or during the course of the hospitalization for a total of 36 admissions. The mean age of these children was 9.2±1.1 years. Results Eleven percent of the children with pulmonary infiltrates in one quadrant on the chest x-ray film at the onset of pneumonia and 53% of the children with pulmonary infiltrates in more than one quadrant at the onset of pneumonia died. Fifteen percent of the children without sepsis at the onset of pneumonia and 70% of the children with sepsis at onset died. Eighteen percent of the children without shock at the onset of pneumonia and 75% of the children with shock at the onset died. None of the children died who required ≤3 L/min of O 2 to maintain SO 2 ≥95%, but 79% of the children who required >3L/min O 2 died. Using the criteria “>3 L/min O 2 by nasal cannula to maintain SO 2 ≥95%” to identify the nonsurvivors had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 88%. This specificity was not increased by combining the criteria “O 2 requirements at any time” and “the extent of pulmonary infiltrates at the onset of pneumonia.” All children who required mechanical ventilatory support for respiratory failure had previously received >3 L/min O 2 by nasal cannula to maintain SO 2 ≥95% for 37.8±12.9 h (range 3 to 96 h). Nine of the 10 children in our study who received mechanical ventilation died. Conclusion In children with acute leukemia and pneumonia, the amount of O 2 required to maintain SO 2 ≥95% may identify those who are likely to develop respiratory failure hours before mechanical ventilatory support is needed. The ability to identify children at risk for respiratory failure is not increased by combining the risk factors “oxygen requirements” and “extent of pulmonary infiltrates at the onset of pneumonia.” Finally, only 10% of the children who required mechanical ventilatory support survived.
A new approach to graft siloxanes to alkyds

The effect of oil length of alkyds and substitution of siloxane backbone has been studied for alkyd–siloxane hybrids. A series of nine alkyd–siloxane hybrids were synthesized by either varying the oil length of the alkyd or the siloxane backbone substitution. Three linseed oil-based alkyds with either a long, medium, or short oil length were grafted with three hydride-terminated siloxanes substituted with methyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl groups. A hydrocoupling reaction was used to couple the telechelic siloxane with the hydroxyl functionality of the alkyds using Wilkinson’s catalyst. The reaction was monitored by the disappearance of siloxane hydride signal using Fourier transform infrared. Characterization of siloxane–alkyd hybrids was performed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. The hybrids were formulated with a Co, Zr, and Ca drier package and auto-oxidatively cured without using any solvent. The tensile, viscoelastic, and coating properties were evaluated for the cured films. The crosslink density, flexibility, and reverse impact resistance were found to increase as a function of oil length. Tensile modulus, elongation-to-break, glass transition temperature, drying time, and fracture toughness decreased with increase in oil length. For the alkyd–siloxane hybrids, the mechanical and rheological properties were dependant on the size of the substituents. The larger-sized cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups resulted in better mechanical and rheological properties than the methyl-containing siloxanes.
SU-E-J-92: On-Line Cone Beam CT Based Planning for Emergency and Palliative Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To evaluate and develop the feasibility of on-line cone beam CT based planning for emergency and palliative radiotherapy treatments. Methods: Subsequent to phantom studies, a case library of 28 clinical megavoltage cone beam CT (MVCBCT) was built to assess dose-planning accuracies on MVCBCT for all anatomical sites. A simple emergency treatment plan was created on the MVCBCT and copied to its reference CT. The agreement between the dose distributions of each image pair was evaluated by the mean dose difference of the dose volume and the gamma index of the central 2D axial plane. An array of popular urgent and palliative cases was also evaluated for imaging component clearance and field-of-view. Results: The treatment cases were categorized into four groups (head and neck, thorax/spine, pelvis and extremities). Dose distributions for head and neck treatments were predicted accurately in all cases with a gamma index of >95% for 2% and 2 mm criteria. Thoracic spine treatments had a gamma index as low as 60% indicating a need for better uniformity correction and tissue density calibration. Small anatomy changes between CT and MVCBCT could contribute to local errors. Pelvis and sacral spine treatment cases had a gamma index between 90% and 98% for 3%/3 mm criteria. The limited FOV became an issue for large pelvis patients. Imaging clearance was difficult for cases where the tumor was positioned far off midline. Conclusion: The MVCBCT based dose planning and delivery approach is feasible in many treatment cases. Dose distributions for head and neck patients are unrestrictedly predictable. Some FOV restrictions apply to other treatment sites. Lung tissue is most challenging for accurate dose calculations given the current imaging filters and corrections. Additional clinical cases for extremities need to be included in the study to assess the full range of site-specific planning accuracies. This work is supported by Siemens.
Is oxidative stress involved in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos

The increasing use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has elicited concern about neurotoxic effects on the fetus and neonate. CPF targets a number of events specific to brain development, over and above the ability of its active metabolite, CPF oxon, to inhibit cholinesterase. We used PC12 cells, a model system which displays many of the neurodevelopmental effects of CPF, in order to examine whether oxidative stress underlies the direct effects of CPF on development. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with a fluorescent intracellular dye. When PC12 cell suspensions were treated acutely with CPF for 10 min, ROS generation was increased in a concentration-dependent manner; CPF oxon was much less effective than the native compound. CPF also increased the ROS production in response to an acute sodium nitroprusside challenge, indicating sensitization of the cells to other oxidant stressors. Next, PC12 cells were grown in an undifferentiated state in the presence of CPF or CPF oxon for extended time periods, under conditions in which CPF inhibits mitosis, and the cells were then washed and ROS production measured. Neither compound elicited a significant change in ROS production. Finally, differentiation was initiated with nerve growth factor and the cells were exposed continuously to CPF or CPF oxon over a 72 h period; under these conditions, CPF inhibits neurite outgrowth. When the cells were washed and evaluated for ROS production, no significant differences were seen. These results indicate that CPF, but not CPF oxon, has the ability to elicit acute increases in ROS production. However, the effect disappears immediately once CPF exposure is terminated, possibly reflecting cellular defense mechanisms that lessen the impact of oxidant injury.
Model Systems for Flavoenzyme Activity: Site-Isolated Redox Behavior in Flavin-Functionalized Random Polystyrene Copolymers

[reaction: see text] A model system has been developed to study the redox behaviors of flavin derivatives appended onto random polystyrene copolymers through "click" chemistry strategies. The results demonstrate that flavin units attached onto polymers exhibit site-isolated redox behaviors, yielding new materials with electrochemically tunable associations (K(a)(ox) = 450 M(-)(1), K(a)(red) = 18,200 M(-)(1)) to complementary diamidopyridine (DAP) functionality.
Mixed distance measures for synthetic speech evaluation

A set of speech quality distance measures has been developed. These measures are called mixed distance measures because they apply different criteria to different classes of voicing. The results of the measures are combined in what might be termed a knowledge-based approach. These measures operate in both time and frequency domains and exploit particular characteristics of the class of voicing (voiced, fricative, stop) that is examined by the measure. These measures provide a method for speech quality assessment that can be used, for example, to select and fine-tune concatenation-based synthesizer element sets. >
PROPERTIES OF IAA OXIDASE FROM RIPENING TOMATO FRUIT

An indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidizing enzyme was isolated from the pericarp of ripening tomato fruit by column chromatography fractionation. IAA oxidase from extracts of tomato pericarp exists in a high molecular weight form (>200,000) or in a low molecular weight form (∼40,000) or both depending upon extraction procedures. When IAA was oxidized by the high molecular weight form of IAA oxidase, a relatively long lag time was observed. The low molecular weight form of IAA oxidase activity showed no lag or a very short, 1- to 2-minute lag period. Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 6.1 and was stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and MnCl2. Neither 3-methyleneoxindole nor indolealdehyde were found as a major IAA oxidation products. Moderate increase in activity of IAA oxidase activity was observed during ripening of tomato fruit.
Evaluating the Effects of a Video Prompt in a System of Least Prompts Procedure.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a system of least prompts procedure with a video prompt serving as the model in teaching office tasks to three high school students with mod...
Lung tissue resistance measured in saline-filled guinea pig lungs by micropuncture.

Lung tissue resistance (Rti) measured in air-filled guinea pig lungs by the alveolar capsule technique was a large part of total lung resistance (Rl), and we wondered whether similar results applied to saline-filled lungs. We used the micropuncture method to measure alveolar pressure (Palv) in saline-filled lungs of 21 guinea pigs. Palv and airway opening pressure (Pao) were measured before and after a sudden interruption of flow during an inflation or deflation maneuver. On stopping flow, there was an immediate large change in Pao followed by a smaller slower change in Pao. Palv was nearly constant immediately after flow interruption but followed the slower change in Pao. The initial change in Pao on flow interruption was interpreted as the resistive pressure loss in the airways. The small change in Pao and Palv was interpreted as the pressure loss caused by tissue stress adaptation. Airway resistance (Raw) and Rti were obtained by dividing the pressure losses by the flow before the interruption. Rl was the sum of Raw and Rti. The calcium blocker nifedipine reduced both Raw and Rti and abolished the difference in Rti between inflation and deflation. Values of Rti were 10–29% of Rl. However, with correction for viscosity, Rti predicted in air-filled lungs would dominate Rl.
DEPRESSED MOOD AND SOCIAL PERCEPTION: A CROSS-CULTURAL REPLICATION '

For 49 Greek students rs of depression and accuracy of tracking the negative partner in a videotaped dyad replicated U.S. results.
Clinical Outcomes Following Isolated Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical outcomes following isolated lateral meniscal allograft transplantation. Methods: Thirty-two patients were retrospectively reviewed following isolated lateral meniscal allograft transplantation. Twenty-five were available for subjective follow-up, and 17 were available for a complete physical examination and postoperative radiographs. The average duration of follow-up was 3.3 years (range, 2 to 6 years), and the average age of the subjects was 30 years (range, 19 to 45 years). In all, 17 patients had bony fixation and 8 had suture fixation of the anterior and posterior horns of the meniscal allograft. Results: Ninety-six percent of patients believed that their overall function and activity level were improved following surgery. Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical and mental component summary scores for these subjects were higher than age- and sex-matched scores from the US population. Joint space narrowing of the transplanted lateral compartments was not significantly different when compared with the joint space narrowing of the lateral compartment of the contralateral knee. In addition, preoperative and postoperative radiographic joint space measurements of the involved lateral compartment were significantly associated with subjective assessment, symptoms, sports activity score, Lysholm score, and final International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) rating at latest follow-up. Finally, patients fixed with the bony technique had significantly better range of motion, according to IKDC criteria at latest follow-up, compared with the suture fixation group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that isolated meniscal allograft transplantation can be a beneficial procedure in properly selected symptomatic patients with a lateral meniscus–deficient knee. The data also suggest that earlier meniscal transplantation, before the onset of significant joint space narrowing, may result in improved outcomes. Finally, bony fixation may have a significant advantage over suture fixation, particularly with regard to knee range of motion. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.