cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
School readiness among children of immigrants in the US: Evidence from a large national birth cohort study

Abstract Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (n ≈ 6800), we examined the factors explaining variation in school readiness in a large and nationally representative sample of children in immigrant and non-immigrant families. In OLS regression models with rich controls to account for selection, we found that language background was a key factor in explaining children of immigrants' expressive language and early reading at kindergarten, whereas both socioeconomic status and language background helped explain their performance in math.
An experimental study of a reattaching supersonic shear layer

A Mach 1.83 fully developed turbulent boundary layer was separated at a 25.4 mm backward step and formed a free shear layer. The incoming boundary layer thickness, momentum thickness, and Reynolds number were approximately 8 mm, 0.5 mm, and 52x10 to the 6th/m, respectively. A two-component coincident LDV system was used to take velocity measurements of the incoming boundary layer, the free shear layer, and the reattached shear layer. The results confirmed the existence of organized structures in both the free and the reattached shear layer which was reported earlier based on the authors dynamic pressure measurements and Schlieren photographs.
Dietary Curcumin Enhances Antibody Response in Rats

AbstractThe effects of dietary curcumin on three major types of immune function were examined in rats. Antibody (IgG) production, delayed-type hypersensitivity and natural killer cell activity were evaluated after 5 weeks of dietary exposure to 1, 20 or 40 mg/kg curcumin. The highest dose of curcumin significantly enhanced IgG levels. Rats receiving lower dietary concentrations (1 or 20 mg/kg) of curcumin were not different in IgG production from rats receiving no curcumin in their diet. Neither delayed-type hypersensitivity nor natural killer cell activity was different from control values at any dietary concentration of curcumin. In vitro incubation of YAC-1 and EL4 tumor cells and normal splenocytes in varying concentrations of curcumin for varying times revealed differences between cell types in curcumin's effects on cell proliferation and viability. No cytotoxic effect was seen in EL4 cells at 12S μg/ml curcumin at 4, 24 and 48 hrs incubations, however, cell proliferation was reduced by almost 50 % a...
Translational failure analysis of landfills

The scope of this paper is to develop a new approach to the two-part wedge method for translational failure analysis of landfills. The upper and lower bound solutions for the landfill stability, i.e., FSmax and FSmin, can be readily determined using this method. Using an average factor of safety, FSave, to replace the true factor of safety, FStrue, the differences between FSave and FStrue are within 5% for most considered cases. The solutions from the new method ensure that the waste strength is not exceeded anywhere within the waste mass. The calculated results agreed well with the results computed from the computer code PCSTABL6. The ability of the new method to calculate the translational failure of waste mass with a predetermined sliding failure face is demonstrated. Also, a waste filling sequence to keep the factor of safety above a stipulated value during the operation phase of the landfilling process can be generated.
Paradoxical Sleep: Deprivation in the Cat

In cats, the paradoxical phase of sleep occupies about 33 percent of the total sleeping time. Cats which were deprived of paradoxical sleep, by being awakened at its onset, required an increased number of awakenings on successive days of deprivation in order to prevent paradoxical sleep. On the first day of recovery after deprivation, when sleep was not experimentally interrupted, the paradoxical phase occupied 53 percent of the total sleeping time.
ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS, AND EXPERIMENTS OF STANDING UP METHODS FOR A TRIPEDAL ROBOT

This paper presents the work addressing the issue of standing up after falling down for a novel three-legged mobile robot STriDER (Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot). The robot is inherently stable when all three feet are on the ground due to its tripod stance, but it can still fall down if it trips while taking a step or if unexpected external forces act on it. The unique structure of STriDER makes the simple task of standing up challenging for a number of reasons; the high height of the robot and long limbs require high torque at the actuators due to its large moment arms; the joint configuration and length of the limbs limit the workspace where the feet can be placed on the ground for support; the compact design of the joints allows limited joint actuation motor output torque; three limbs do not allow extra support and stability in the process of standing up. This paper examines four standing up strategies unique to STriDER: three feet, two feet and one foot pushup, and spiral pushup. For all of these standing up strategies, the robot places its feet or foot at desired positions and then pushes the feet against the ground thus, lifting the body upwards. The four pushup methods for standing up were analyzed and evaluated considering the constraints such as, static stability, friction at the feet, kinematic configuration and joint motor torque limits, thus determining the suggested design and operation parameters. The motor torque trends as the robot stands up using pushup methods were investigated and the results from the analysis were validated through experiments.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Fetal alcohol exposure alters GAP-43 phosphorylation and protein kinase C responses to contextual fear conditioning in the hippocampus of adult rat offspring.

: Background: The growth- and plasticity-associated protein GAP-43 plays a significant role in the establishment and remodeling of neuronal connections. We have previously shown that GAP-43 levels, protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and GAP-43 phosphorylation increase during contextual fear conditioning and that fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) decreases PKC activity and GAP-43 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of adult offspring. Drawing on these observations, we hypothesized that FAE manifests its cognitive impairment by disrupting PKC activation and membrane translocation, thereby decreasing GAP-43 phosphorylation and function. Methods: Three groups of pregnant rat dams (FAE and two control diet groups) were placed on different diet regimens. Offspring from each of these groups were placed into each of four test groups, a contextual fear conditioned (CFC) group, a naive unhandled group, and two nonlearning stress control groups. Hippocampi were dissected, homogenized, and used to prepare a cytosolic and a membrane fraction. These fractions were probed for total GAP-43, PKC-phosphorylated GAP-43, and several PKC subtypes. PKC activity also was measured in total homogenates. Results: Compared with both control diet groups, FAE animals showed a deficit in the activation of PKC in the hippocampus at 24 hr but not at 1.5 hr after CFC. Likewise, we found that the amount of GAP-43 and its phosphorylation were decreased 24 hr after CFC in FAE rats but not at early times after training. Analysis of the translocation of various PKC isoforms revealed that FAE animals had decreased levels of membrane-bound PKC β2 and PKC e 24 hr after CFC. Conclusions: Considering the role of PKC activation and GAP-43 phosphorylation in synaptic plasticity, our results suggest that deficient translocation of PKC β2 and PKC e in the hippocampus may mediate the electrophysiological and behavioral deficits observed in fetal alcohol exposed animals.
Enok Palm: Modest pioneer—An historical and personal memoir of Eliassen and Palm, 1960

Abstract We review the nature of the famous paper by Eliassen and Palm, and discuss it in the context of the period in which it was written.
Organic transformations via metal silane reagents: syntheses of vinyl ethers from dimethyl ketals and (CO)5MnSi(CH3)3

Abstract The reaction of dimethyl ketals with (CO)5MnSi(CH3)3 ( 1 at 50 °C in CH3CN affords methyl enol ethers, generally in 75–95% yields.
CS-MIMO radars for through-the-wall imaging in an indoor multipath environment

Through-the-wall radar (TWR) systems are indispensable for situational awareness in a wide range of civilian and military applications. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) TWR provides high spatial resolution for improved target detection in indoor environments. When combined with compressive sensing (CS), MIMO TWR enables good performance with a reduced number of samples, which, in turn, reduces the data acquisition time. Most of the existing MIMO TWR systems, either conventional or CS based, employ time-multiplexed transmitters. In this paper, we present a CS-MIMO TWR approach for the indoor environment under multipath propagation, in which the transmit antennas simultaneously emit different waveforms, thus allowing for further reduction of acquisition time as compared to time-multiplexed transmissions. Supporting simulation results are provided.
Snail1 Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Melanoma Progression

Tumor hypoxia is a known adverse prognostic factor, and the hypoxic dermal microenvironment participates in melanomagenesis. High levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) expression in melanoma cells, particularly HIF-2α, is associated with poor prognosis. The mechanism underlying the effect of hypoxia on melanoma progression, however, is not fully understood. We report evidence that the effects of hypoxia on melanoma cells are mediated through activation of Snail1. Hypoxia increased melanoma cell migration and drug resistance, and these changes were accompanied by increased Snail1 and decreased E-cadherin expression. Snail1 expression was regulated by HIF-2α in melanoma. Snail1 overexpression led to more aggressive tumor phenotypes and features associated with stem-like melanoma cells in vitro and increased metastatic capacity in vivo. In addition, we found that knockdown of endogenous Snail1 reduced melanoma proliferation and migratory capacity. Snail1 knockdown also prevented melanoma metastasis in vivo. In summary, hypoxia up-regulates Snail1 expression and leads to increased metastatic capacity and drug resistance in melanoma cells. Our findings support that the effects of hypoxia on melanoma are mediated through Snail1 gene activation and suggest that Snail1 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
Alchemy in the liver: fact or fusion?

After bone marrow transplantation, signs of donor cells appear in the liver of recipients. Two studies support the notion that these cells arise through cellular fusion with the liver, and identify the source: macrophages derived from hematopoietic stem cells. A third study examines another viewpoint, that donor cells differentiate directly into liver cells ( pages 744–748 ).
Lost Airway During Anesthesia Induction: Alternatives for Management

Pediatric and adult patients with upper airway obstruction pose several challenges to the anesthesiologist and otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeon. The initiation of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation may progress to complete life-threatening respiratory decompensation with failure to achieve endotracheal intubation or mask ventilation. Hurried invasive maneuvers such as large-bore needle tracheal entry and cricothyrotomy are recognized salvage techniques, but other modes of extratracheal ventilation are now possible before surgical airway procedures are required. The laryngeal mask airway and esophagotracheal Combitube (Kendall Sheridan Health Care Products Co., Argyle, NY) are described, with examples of their clinical application. The combined technique of anterior commissure laryngoscopy and intubation with the gum elastic bougie is the preferred alternative for achieving tracheal entry when extratracheal ventilation cannot be accomplished. An algorithm for joint management of the problem airway by anesthesiologist and otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeon is illustrated.
Modifying the shape of rational B-splines. part2: surfaces

Abstract A system for modifying the shape of rational B-splines is presented. A set of tools are introduced that take full advantage of rational B-spline properties. Weight as well as control point-based methods are presented in geometric settings yielding fast, reliable and very accurate shape handles.
Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection and Its Possible Relationship to Coronal Heating

Coronal heating is clearly related to the coronal magnetic —eld. This may be due to a passive role of the magnetic —eld in modifying wave propagation and dissipation or to an active role resulting from the liberation of magnetic energy by reconnection or in some other way. The purpose of this article is to examine the consequences of reconnection at the chromospheric level rather than in the corona. We note that the chromosphere is indeed a favorable site for reconnection to occur, since the resistivity is greatest in that regionspeci—cally at the temperature-minimum location. Chromospheric reconnection can lead to coronal heating by Joule heating, by the generation and subsequent dissipation of high-frequency and magnetacoustic waves, or by the response of the coronal magnetic —eld to a sudden change Alfvec n in connectivity. The second process could also contribute to heating of the solar wind, since high- frequency waves can be absorbed by cyclotron damping. We note also that chromospheric recon- Alfvec n nection could inject sufficient chromospheric gas into the corona to balance the known steady down—ow of coronal gas through the transition region. It is also possible that chromospheric reconnection plays a role in the —rst ionization potential eUect. Subject headings: MHDSun: coronaSun: magnetic —elds
On necessary and sufficient conditions for chaos to occur in Duffing's equation: an Heuristic approach

Many different explanations have been offered for the occurrence of chaos in Duffing's equation. Holmes has derived a criterion for the onset of chaos using Melnikov theory that is based upon the initial entanglement of the unstable manifold with the stable limit cycle. Moon offered a criterion based on physical principles by considering how much energy a trajectory had to possess to get out of the potential well of one of the stable limit cycles. In this paper, conclusive numerical evidence is offered that in order for steady state chaos to occur in this system, there must be a near intersection of the stable and unstable steady state limit cycles in the phase space of Duffing's equation.
Decolonizing evaluation: The necessity of evaluation advisory groups in indigenous evaluation

Research was and is central to the colonization and contemporary political realities of Indigenous communities. Because evaluation is a form of research and evaluation researchers are not immune to these oppressive practices, it is essential that evaluators acknowledge and engage with this history. One way to do this is through the use of advisory groups in evaluation research. This chapter will explicate how evaluation advisory groups can help evaluation practi-tioners decolonize their practice. Decolonized evaluation is centered in Indigenous values and goals. It ensures that evaluation processes and outcomes are appropriate to native communities by centering Indigenous worldviews, actively including Indigenous participation, and focusing on relevance as defined by Indigenous communities. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Donor–acceptor copolymers for red‐ and near‐infrared‐emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes

We report a comparative study of two organic soluble, vinylene-based, alternating donor-acceptor copolymers with 1,4-(2,5-dihexadecyloxyphenylene) as the donor; the acceptor is either a 2,5-linked pyridine or a 5,8-linked 2,3-diphenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine. The polymers are synthesized via a Heck coupling methodology from a dihalo monomer and a divinyl monomer to yield number-average molecular weights of 16,000 g/mol for the pyridine polymer (PPyrPV) and 6500 g/mol for the pyridopyrazine polymer (PPyrPyrPV), with high solubility in common chlorinated solvents and lower solubility in less polar solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran). Thin-film measurements show band gaps of 2.2 and 1.8 eV for PPyrPV and PPyrPyrPV, respectively. Both polymers exhibit photoluminescence in solution and in the solid state and exhibit electroluminescence when incorporated into light-emitting diodes. In this case, a broad red emission centered at 690 nm for PPyrPV and a near-infrared emission centered at 800 nm for PPyrPyrPV have been observed.
Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding by phospholipase A2

Abstract Phospholipase A 2 from several sources inhibited [ 3 H] nitrendipine binding to membranes from brain, heart and ileal longitudinal muscle. The enzymes from bee venom and Russell's viper venom were most potent, having IC 5 0 values of approximately 5 and 14 ng/ml, respectively, in all three membrane preparations. Inhibition of binding by bee venom phospholipase A 2 was time- and dose-dependent. Mastoparan, a known facilitator of phospholipase A 2 enzymatic activity, shifted the bee venom phospholipase A 2 dose-response curve to the left. Pretreatment of brain membranes with bee venom phospholipase A 2 (10 ng/ml) for 15 min caused a 2-fold increase in the K d without changing the B max compared with untreated membranes. Extension of the preincubation period to 30 min caused no further increase in the K d but significantly decreased the B max to 71% the value for untreated membranes. [ 3 H] Nitrendipine, preincubated with bee venom phospholipase A 2 , was recovered and found to be fully active, indicating that the phospholipase A 2 did not modify the ligand. It is concluded that phospholipase A 2 acts on the membrane at or near the [ 3 H]nitrendipine binding site and that phospholipids play a key role in the interactions of 1,4 dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists with the dihydropyridine binding site.
Highly Stable Ultrathin Carbosiloxane Films by Molecular Layer Deposition

Carbosiloxane thin films are grown by molecular layer deposition (MLD) using 1,2-bis[(dimethylamino)dimethylsilyl]ethane and ozone precursors. The films exhibit a constant growth rate per MLD cycle...
Ergodic Secrecy Rates of Secure Wireless Communications

Two unified analytical frameworks that facilitate the evaluation of the ergodic secrecy rates of Wyner wiretap channel in generalized fading environments without/with diversity receivers are developed. In contrast to prior work that is limited to only the Rayleigh fading environment, our new formulas expressed in terms of only the moment generating function (MGF) or the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of fading signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) random variables allow us to investigate the role of fading (i.e., Effects of the amount of fading and non-identical fade distributions) between the main and the eavesdropper links as well as the impact of diversity receivers on the ergodic secrecy rate performance metric. Numerical results show that non-zero ergodic secrecy rate can be achieved even if the link quality of the main channel is worse than the eavesdropper's channel. We also show that the fundamental limit of secure communication rate can be greatly improved by understanding the role of dissimilar fading statistics and by exploiting/mitigating channel effects via diversity reception.
Accurate Pathological Staging of Urothelial Neoplasms Requires Better Cystoscopic Sampling

Purpose: The frequency with which muscularis propria was sampled by urologists and the sources of interpretive discrepancies among pathologists were studied in a community practice setting.Materials and Methods: A total of 217 consecutive cases of urothelial neoplasm were independently reviewed by 3 pathologists. The presence or absence of muscularis propria as well as interpretive discrepancies were recorded.Results: Despite clinical emphasis on accurate pathological staging portions of muscularis propria were absent from samples of histologically documented urothelial neoplasms in up to 51% of cases. Failure to obtain muscularis propria varied widely among urologists but was most often associated with cases of low grade papillary neoplasms, in which invasion is less likely. Muscularis propria was usually present in cases of noninvasive carcinoma in situ but this may have represented inadvertent sampling of structures in close proximity. The incidence of interpretive discrepancies among pathologists who ...
Information security policy in small education organization

Information security policies is essential for any education environment as it is the overall guidelines for the management and are a special type of documented act as business rule for protecting information and the systems which store and process. In this article the critical elements of an information security policy for small education environment is presented and discussed. Small education environment has very special case as there are small numbers of personal to handle IT and security issue and education environment in general has special characteristics and features that distinguish them from any other enterprise or national agencies. Such organizations have features such as free organization, focuses on learning, large number of turnover (semester/year period), one semester is a major period, age of the participant in the organization, learning in group or individual, include non-academic and extracurricular services. The article looks at canon of information security policy elements should be provided as: type, writing, maintain and minimum elements should be presented in a policy for such environments. This paper will also discuss the technical, physical and administrative benefits that small organizations can have obtain by having a security policy.
The effects of food deprivation, nutritive and non-nutritive feeding and wheel running on gastric stress ulcers in rats.

Abstract YI, I. AND F. K. STEPHAN. The effects of food deprivation, nutritive and non-nutritive feeding and wheel running on gastric ulcers in rats. PHYSIOL BEHAV 63(2) 219–225, 1998.—Feeding and housing conditions that induce gastric lesions were investigated. Rats were housed in activity wheels or in hanging cages and exposed to food deprivation, ad lib cellulose or 6 g of cellulose per day for 5 days. Food-deprived rats in both housing conditions had ulcers in the rumen but many rats also had mucosal ulcers. Cellulose prevented rumenal ulcers but produced a tendency toward more severe mucosal ulcers. Ulcers in wheel-housed rats were somewhat larger but the difference was not significant. In a second experiment, rats were fed 6 g/day laboratory chow or 6 g/day chow + ad lib cellulose until b.wt. reached a preset criterion. On the average, about 10 days on the feeding regimen were required to induce ulcers in these groups. None of the rats had rumenal ulcers. Mucosal ulcers were reliably larger in rats that received cellulose in addition to 6 g of chow. There was no difference in ulcer area between wheel-housed and cage-housed rats. The results indicate that solid bulk, regardless of its caloric value or amount, protects the nonglandular stomach whereas noncaloric bulk tends to aggravate ulcers in the glandular stomach. A small amount of chow delays the rate of b.wt. loss and consequently ulcer formation. Furthermore, wheel running is not necessary to produce mucosal ulcers when food intake is insufficient to maintain b.wt. and b.wt. at sacrifice seems to be a good predictor of ulcer formation.
Exploiting apoptosis pathways for the treatment of pediatric cancers.

Resistance to apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a characteristic feature of human cancers including childhood malignancies. Further, evasion of apoptosis is a frequent cause of treatment resistance, since most anti-cancer therapies, for example chemo- or radiotherapy act primarily by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Over the last two decades, the dissection of apoptosis pathways in pediatric tumors has resulted in the identification of many key molecules that may serve as molecular targets for drug discovery. Accordingly, components of the apoptotic cascade are currently exploited for the development of rationally designed molecular targeted therapies. This approach is expected to open new and more effective approaches for the treatment of childhood cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:533–536. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Ammonium Chloride on the Rheological Properties and Sedimentation Behavior of Aqueous Silica Suspensions

The influence of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the rheological properties and sedimentation behavior of aqueous silica (SiO2) suspensions of varying solids volume fraction (φs) was studied. SiO2 suspensions with low NH4Cl concentration (≤0.05M, pH 5.2) exhibited Newtonian behavior and a constant settling velocity (U). The volume fraction dependence was well described by the Richardson–Zaki form, U=U0(1 −φs)n, where n= 4.63 and U0= 1.0419 × 10−5 cm/s. At higher NH4Cl concentrations (0.07–2.0M, pH 5.2), suspensions exhibited shear thinning and more complicated sedimentation behavior due to their aggregated nature. For all suspensions studied, however, the apparent suspension viscosity, characteristic cluster size, and initial settling velocity were greatest at ∼0.5M NH4Cl and exhibited a similar dependence on salt concentration. Above 0.5M NH4Cl, considerable restabilization was observed. This behavior cannot be explained by traditional DLVO theory.
Transpiration studies on the volatilities of PuO3(g) and PuO2(OH)2(g) from PuO2(s) in the presence of steam and oxygen and application to plutonium volatility in mixed-waste thermal oxidation processors

Abstract Transpiration experiments have been carried out to study the volatility of PuO 2 (s) in the presence of oxygen and steam. Vapor pressures have been measured for PuO 3 (g) and PuO 2 (OH) 2 (g) and thermodynamic data established for them. Thus, Δ f H 298 0 is determined to be −(562.8 ± 5.0) kJ/mol for PuO 3 (g) and −(1,018.2 ± 3.3) kJ/mol for PuO 2 (OH) 2 (g). In applying the Pu volatility data to a pilot scale mixed waste (containing both radioactive and hazardous constituents) incinerator with primary and secondary combustion chambers, it is found that Pu volatilization makes a negligible contribution to air emissions if the temperature in the secondary combustor is maintained at less than 1600 K. Chlorine- and fluorine-induced volatilities of plutonium are not considered in this analysis.
Inner core rotation and its variability from nonparametric modeling

[1] We present a new approach for studying the inner core rotation and its variability by separating the underlying structure from its time evolution. This is achieved by fitting a large set of existing seismic BC-DF traveltime data with a smoothing spline analysis, which is implemented in the statistics package R. This method allows us to separate the time-independent mantle contribution from the time-dependent core contribution without any a priori constraints and to also estimate the error of the fit. We add our newly acquired seismic data from the PASSCAL experiment ARCTIC in northern Alaska to PKP differential traveltime measurements previously obtained from South Sandwich Islands earthquakes and recorded at College (COL) and the Alaskan Seismic Network. This nearly doubles the number of measurements to a total of 1165 and increases the data coverage of the inner core structure and our time coverage (to about 55 years). The large number of measurements allows us to use the standard statistical method of bootstrapping to derive the rotation rate and thus to further separate the core structure from its time evolution. This approach has been successfully tested with synthetic data sets that feature both a nonlinear structure and variable rotation rates, while sharing the same earthquakes and stations geometry as our real data. Applying this method to the real data yields an average rotation rate of 0.39° ± 0.090.22° yr−1 (at 68% confidence level). Our results also suggest a nonzero acceleration of the inner core with an apparent change in the rotation rate from 0.24° to 0.56° yr−1 within the last 55 years. The minimum torque acting on the inner core is estimated 1.19 × 1016 N m, which could result from the imbalance of the electromagnetic and gravitational torques.
Fine structure splitting of Gd IN Au

Abstract Magnetization measurements on a Au-Gd sample, containing 51 ppm of Gd down to 10 mK, show effects of fine structure splitting of the Gd impurity. Analysis of the data give the best fit for a fine structure parameter b4 = +32±2 G.
Artemis: Surface expression of a deep mantle plume on Venus

Artemis, a unique 2600-km-diameter circular feature on Venus, defies geomorphic classification as a corona, crustal plateau, or volcanic rise. Artemis is similar in size to plateaus and rises, yet topographically resembles a corona. Geologic mapping using correlated digital remote data sets including NASA Magellan C1-, C2-, and F-scale synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, altimetry, and synthetic stereo has led to a determination of the geologic history of Artemis. Artemis comprises a large topographic welt that includes a paired circular ∼1-km-deep trough (Artemis Chasma) and ∼1-km-high outer rise; thus, Artemis is divisible into chasma (trough), interior region, and exterior region. The chasma hosts trough-normal faults and folds. The interior includes five ∼350-km-diameter coronae (quasi-circular features marked by radial and/or concentric fractures) that record rich tectono-volcanic histories; radial extension fractures and trough-concentric wrinkle ridges dominate the exterior tectonic fabric. Artemis formed as a coherent entity; the coronae, chasma, chasma structures, radial fractures, and wrinkle ridges are all consistent with a deep plume model for Artemis formation. Rising and flattening of the plume head led to early uplift, doming, and radial fracturing as the plume head collapsed vertically and spread laterally, likely causing outward migration of the trough, as well as fracturing and wrinkle-ridge formation outboard of the trough. Within the trough, material was pulled downward, forming normal faults and folds. The plume continued to spread laterally outboard of the trough, resulting in continued radial fracturing and wrinkle-ridge formation. Small-scale interior convection cells or compositional diapirs resulted in coronae with radial fractures, and/or concentric fractures and/or folds, and associated volcanism. Artemis is akin in its formation to crustal plateaus and volcanic rises and likely formed during the transition from globally thin to thick lithosphere.
Increased lipase inhibition in uremia : Identification of pre-β-HDL as a major inhibitor in normal and uremic plasma

Increased lipase inhibition in uremia: Identification of pre-β-HDL as a major inhibitor in normal and uremic plasma. The hypertriglyceridemia commonly observed in uremia has been attributed to an abnormally high inhibitor activity in plasma for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), both of which have a key role in lipoprotein metabolism. The purpose of this investigation was to establish a relationship between plasma lipase inhibitor activity and hypertriglyceridemia, identify the main plasma lipase inhibitor, and determine the basis for the greater inhibitor activity in uremia. In a mixed population of normal ( N = 8) and uremic subjects ( N = 12), log-transformed plasma triglycerides correlated with both inhibitor activity and uremic status. However, inhibitor activity was the only retained predictor variable for triglycerides in a multiple linear regression model ( r = 0.91; P β electrophoretic mobility and a Stokes' radius of 54 A, therefore corresponds to a form of the previously described pre- β -HDL (free apo A-I) in the non-lipoprotein fraction of plasma. Comparison of normal and uremic plasma indicated that the greater lipase inhibitor activity in the latter could be attributed to an increased concentration of apo A-I in the non-lipoprotein fraction of plasma (pre- β -HDL), as well as to increased inhibition by the uremic lipoproteins. The increased plasma lipase inhibitor activity may be important in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia in chronic renal failure.
Cardiac transplantation can be safely performed with low donor-to-recipient body weight ratios.

Abstract Background United Network for Organ Sharing adult heart transplant criteria recommend against using same-sex donors with a donor-recipient body weight ratio Methods and Results Transplants with same-sex donor-recipient body weight ratio Conclusions Accepted donor-recipient weight match criteria may be extended to increase the donor pool.
Stability of a cyber-physical smart grid system using cooperating invariants

Summary form only given. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of computational components interconnected by computer networks that monitor and control switched physical entities interconnected by physical infrastructures. Ensuring stability and correctness (both logical and temporal) of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) as a whole is a major challenge in CPS design. Any incorrectness or instability in one component can impact the same features of other components. The fundamental challenge in developing a design framework that unifies the various components is the heterogeneity of the component types, resulting in semantic gaps that must be bridged. For example, while the physical entities in a smart grid are electric devices whose stability and correctness may be expressed in terms of Lyapunov and Lyapunov-like functions, the notion of correctness in the context of the cyber devices are best expressed in the form of a conjunction of logical operators on system parameters. In our work, we employ a fundamentally different approach than much existing work; our work composes correctness instead of functionality. The basic idea, is to express the stability and correctness constraints of all components in the form of logical invariants and ensure that system actions are performed only if and when they are guaranteed not to violate the conjunction of these invariants. In recent work, we developed invariants that must be satisfied by the physical system to ensure its stability. However, the state of the physical system and, hence, its stability, is dependent on power transfers (migrations) initiated by the cyber algorithm within each node in the system and by the state of the communication network that carries messages between the cyber nodes to signal initiation and acknowledgement of physical power migrations. The state and stability of the communication network is in turn affected by the number of migration messages in transit at any given time. In this poster, we present a distributed, adaptive algorithm for scheduling power migrations between nodes in a smart grid in such a way that the overall stability of the system, including physical and network stability, is maintained. The results show that preserving the system invariant preserves system stability.
Efficient synthesis of the κ-opioid receptor agonist CJ-15,161: four stereospecific inversions at a single aziridinium stereogenic center

Abstract An efficient four-step sequence has been developed for the synthesis of the κ-opioid receptor agonist CJ-15,161. The process features four consecutive regioselective and stereospecific inversions at a single aziridinium stereogenic center, which leads to overall retention of stereochemistry, in a single operation. The chemistry is straightforward, practical and amenable to large-scale synthesis.
Effects of physical appearance on social responsiveness.

A behavioral analysis of the consequences of physical appearance on social behavior was undertaken with the view that physical attractiveness operates as a stimulus control variable by occasioning differential interpersonal reinforcement. Fifty-six males were requested to role-play an interaction with the taped performance of a young woman. Video-taped performances were presented under two conditions, attractive and unattractive, to Ss instructed to translate their enacted social responses into “button-presses.” The audio portions of these tapes were presented alone to two additional groups of Ss and no differences attributable to voice quality or speech content were observed. The attractive appearance evoked more social reinforcement and enhanced cognitive-evaluative ratings of calmness, popularity, and friendship desirability.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the quality factor for N/+/P silicon solar cells

Many N(+)P silicon solar cells made with silicon from different growth techniques have current-voltage relations of the form: I = I(0) (exp(qV/AkT) - 1), where the quality factor A is nonintegral, is greater than 1, and shows a temperature dependence. The dark forward characteristics of such cells have been measured over a range of temperatures and the behavior of the factor A derived from them. Lack of agreement with previous models has led to the development of a new model, in which N(+) conduction electrons tunnel to deep levels near that side, these levels being due to junction contamination by impurities. Electron recombination then occurs with holes thermally assisted into the junction from the P side. This mechanism involves increased I(0) values over those for diffusion diode processes and thus reduces the cell power conversion efficiency.
Cerebral asymmetries in early orthographic and phonological reading processes: Evidence from backward masking ☆

A lateralized backward masking paradigm was used to examine hemisphere differences in orthographic and phonological processes at an early time course of word recognition. Targets (e.g., bowl) were presented and backward masked by either pseudohomophones of the target word (orthographically and phonologically similar, e.g., BOAL), orthographically similar (little phonological similarity, e.g., BOOL), or unrelated (e.g., MANT) non-words. Stimuli were presented to the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) using target/mask durations of 30 or 50 ms. Responses to RVF presentations were facilitated in the pseudohomophone condition relative to the orthographically similar condition. This provides evidence that the LH can access phonology in the earliest moments of word recognition. In contrast, responses to LVF stimuli showed a greater degree of facilitation for the orthographically similar condition relative to the unrelated condition as compared to RVF presentations. These results suggest the Strong Phonological Theory of Frost (1998) is potentially an accurate description of reading processes supported by the LH, but may not be applicable to the RH. The lexical route offered by the Dual Route Cascaded model may better describe reading processes at early moments in the RH (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001).
Movements of yellow perch marked in southern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, in 1950

Abstract To obtain information on the post-spawning movements of yellow perch that spawn in southern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, 4,172 fish caught in drop nets were marked by tagging with monel-metal strap tags attached to the right operculum and 24,799 were marked by clipping off the second or membranous dorsal fin. Marking was done during the period from May 3 to 17, 1950, at six main stations, all located in the southern end of Green Bay. The average length of the tagged perch was 7.3 inches and all fell within the range 5.5–14.4 inches. Most (90.9 percent) of the fish were below the minimum legal length of 8.0 inches. The follow-up procedure consisted of informing commercial and sports fishermen of the program and enlisting their cooperation in watching for marked fish; accounts of the investigation were released through newspapers and descriptive posters were distributed. The personnel connected with the investigation examined catches frequently. The large majority (101 or 79.5 percent) of the 127 tagg...
How scientific models can explain

Scientific models invariably involve some degree of idealization, abstraction, or fictionalization of their target system. Nonetheless, I argue that there are circumstances under which such false models can offer genuine scientific explanations. After reviewing three different proposals in the literature for how models can explain, I shall introduce a more general account of what I call model explanations, which specify the conditions under which models can be counted as explanatory. I shall illustrate this new framework by applying it to the case of Bohr’s model of the atom, and conclude by drawing some distinctions between phenomenological models, explanatory models, and fictional models.
Concerted use of immunologic and ultrastructural analyses in diagnostic medicine: immunoelectron microscopy and correlative microscopy.

ABSTRACTElectron microscopy (EM) is a valuable tool in diagnostic medicine, and in some cases, can be enhanced by immunological methods. A major medical application of EM, diagnostic virology, can frequently be augmented by employment of immunological reagents. Three immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) methods, aggregation, coating, and gold labeling, provide means for serotyping viruses; aggregation by antibody can also be used to concentrate viruses in dilute suspension or to serotype them.As a research tool, IEM can be useful in studying the relationship of various pathogen proteins to the infected cells or tissues. Delineating the subcellular location of viral components can yield information about how virions are constructed, and hence, suggest methods and compounds for inhibiting that process. Conversely, labeling virus-infected cells with antibodies against various cell receptors and proteins can yield information about the association of the proteins with budding virions. Another research example is t...
Multiple sample irradiator for pool reactors

Abstract Multiple samples can be irradiated simultaneously in pool reactors by insertion in a rotating foam plastic disc devised by the authors. Data supporting uniform irradiations is presented.
Java interface for asserting interactive telerobotic control

Many current web-based telerobotic interfaces use HyperText Markup Language (HTML) forms to assert user control on a robot. While acceptable for some tasks, a Java interface can provide better client-server interaction. The Puma Paint project is a joint effort between the Department of Computing Sciences at Villanova University and the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Wilkes University. THe project utilizes a Java applet to control a Unimation Puma 1760 robot during the task of painting on a canvas. The interface allows the user to control the paint strokes as well as the pressure of a brush on the canvas and how deep the brush is dipped into a paint jar. To provide immediate feedback, a virtual canvas models the effects of the controls as the artist paints. Live color video feedback is provided, allowing the user to view the actual results of the robot's motions. Unlike the step-at-a-time model of many web forms, the application permits the user to assert interactive control. The greater the complexity of the interaction between the robot and its environment, the greater the need for high quality information presentation to the user. The use of Java allows the sophistication of the user interface to be raised to the level required for satisfactory control. This paper describes the Puma Paint project, including the interface and communications model. It also examines the challenges of using the Internet as the medium of communications and the challenges of encoding free ranging motions for transmission from the client to the robot.
Production of He 6 by High-Energy Protons

Excitation functions have been obtained for the production of ${\mathrm{He}}^{6}$ in the interactions of high-energy protons with various targets. The cross sections rise with increasing energy and increasing $Z$, varying between 0.5 mb for C at 1.0 Bev and 29 mb for Pb at 3.0 Bev.
Surgical treatment of preauricular sinus/cysts

Preauricular cysts and sinuses occur commonly in children; they are congenital anomalies resulting from faulty resorption of the first and second branchial arch hillocks. The diagnosis is straightforward in most instances. When surgery is indicated, complete excision is required to prevent recurrence. Identification of the entire lesion may be difficult because of previous infections, their tendency to branch, and unusual presentations.
Dynamics of uni and biaxial deformation and its effects on the thickness uniformity-and surface roughness of poly (ether ether ketone) films

The uniformity of films and their surface roughness are of great importance in applications involving information recording (videotapes etc.). These properties of polymers processed with such film production techniques as tenter frame operations are not well understood. To understand the relationships between the process variables, such as stretching mode, rate of stretching, temperature of stretching, and material characteristics, melt cast amorphous PEEK films were subjected to systematic experiments involving variations of the process parameters. The results reveal that stress hardening in the stress strain curves plays an important role in defining the level of thickness uniformity and surface roughness. It the films are stretched in a way that they do not experience stress hardening, the resulting films were found to have significant variations in thickness, sometimes worse than those of precursor materials. In all cases, where films are subjected to substantial stress hardening, the above two parameters improved dramatically. This indicates that no matter what the stress response of the film, those films stretched to intermediate stretch ratios have poor thickness uniformity and surface quality. Once the stress hardening takes effect, the deterioration of the dimensional parameters was found to stop and reverse and ultimately reacha point in deformation space where the film quality was better than that of the original films. This is solely attributed to the stress hardening that allows the thinned sections of the films to sustain higher loads, thereby propagating the deformation to other underformed areas in the films, which in turn causes a “self-leveling” effect. An important implication of this finding is that to obtain films of optimum thickness and surface quality, they need to be stretched beyond the (global) stress hardening point. Otherwise, less than desirable film quality may result.
Mental health symptoms in partial epilepsy

We evaluated the potential clinical value of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) as a multidimensional self-report measure to identify the expected higher rates of clinically significant mental health symptoms in adults with partial/complex partial epilepsy (PE), as compared to a representative sample of adult non-patients. As expected, adults with PE had significantly higher rates of elevated SCL-90-R scale scores than did adult non-patients. The SCL-90-R may serve as both a screening measure to identify patients who could benefit from further mental health services as well as a measure of clinical response to epilepsy- and mental health-related interventions.
Voltammetric behavior of some selected metal ions in propionic, isobutyric and acrylic acids

Abstract The polarographic behavior of copper(II), copper(I), cadmium, lead(II), and thallium (I) ions and the voltammetric behavior of silver ion at the rotating platinum electrode in 1.0 M lithium perchlorate solutions of anhydrous propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and acrylic acid have been examined and compared with those in anhydrous acetic acid.
Altered copper metabolism in heterozygous tortoiseshell (Moto/+) female mice, Mus musculus.

Abstract 1. 1. The copper concentration of various tissues and excrement of normal (+/+) and heterozygous tortoiseshell (Mo to /+) female mice were examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). 2. 2. The kidney, duodenum and spleen of Mo to /+ female mice exhibited increased copper levels. 3. 3. A reduced copper content was detected in the plasma and erythrocytes of Mo to /+ females. 4. 4. The feces and urine of Mo to /+ females exhibited elevated copper concentrations. 5. 5. The other tissues examined (e.g. liver, lung) showed no significant copper level alterations.