cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in older people: examining physiologic failure, age, and comorbidity.

OBJECTIVES: To derive a clinically relevant age-independent physiologic failure scoring system and to use this system to examine aspects of the association of physiologic failure, age, and comorbidity with inpatient mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective, secondary analysis of a derivation and validation cohort selected from the Cleveland Health Quality Choice Coalition data set. SETTING: Thirty hospitals in greater Cleveland. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one thousand nine hundred seventy-six inpatients aged 50 and older discharged in 1993 with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure, pneumonia, or stroke. MEASUREMENTS: The Inpatient Physiologic Failure Score (IPFS) was developed and used to calculate physiologic failure. Forty-four candidate variables were examined for their association with inpatient mortality, and 12 were selected. A point value (2, 3, 4, or 6) based on adjusted odds ratio was assigned for an abnormal result for each of the 12 common physiologic variables. Each patient's abnormal physiology points were summed to produce a physiologic failure score (range 0-39). Comorbidity was quantified using the Patient Management Category Severity Scale. The association between mortality and increasing physiologic failure, increasing age and comorbidity, and distribution of physiologic failure with increasing age and comorbidity were examined. A threshold age was sought. Models for predicting inpatient mortality were developed. RESULTS: Twelve physiologic variables constitute the IPFS. Increasing physiologic failure, age, and comorbidity were associated with increasing mortality. Increasing physiologic failure was not associated with increasing age or comorbidity. We did not find a threshold age. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting inpatient mortality for IPFS was 0.730, and for comorbidity was 0.741 (not significant). The area under the ROC curve for a mortality prediction model based on age was significantly less (0.603). Accounting for patient age did not significantly improve the predictive ability of the IPFS model (area = 0.752, P <.05). The complete model best predicted mortality (0.829). CONCLUSIONS: The IPFS represents a clinically relevant method for scoring physiologic failure. Physiologic failure, age, and comorbidity are independently and differently associated with inpatient mortality. Physiology fails independent of age and comorbidity.
Material transport in ball mills: effect of discharge-end design

Abstract The results of a detailed study on material flow through a grate-discharge (open-end) ball mill versus an overflow-discharge (constricted-end) ball mill are presented to emphasize the effect of discharge-end design on mill transport characteristics. The effect of feed rate to the mill, mill rotational speed and ball load on the residence time distribution of the flow regime, the Peclet number and the material hold-up are discussed. The observed transport characteristics of the two types of mill are qualitatively interpreted in terms of a mechanistic model for particle flow through the mills.
Globalization and its discontents: challenges to developmental theory and practice in Africa.

The three contributions to this Special Section on Culture and Human Development are summarized and critiqued. In considering the nature of contemporary psychological science, as well as applications to early childhood care and development, education to prevent HIV/AIDS, and formal academic education, the various authors are in general agreement on the limitations of current knowledge as it applies to African populations. There is also a common focus on the promise of scientific procedures that take seriously the importance of local understandings, institutions, and social settings. Les trois contributions de cette section speciale sur la culture et sur le developpement humain sont resumees et critiquees. En considerant la nature de la science psychologique contemporaine ainsi que les applications aux soins a la petite enfance et au developpement, a l'education pour prevenir le VIH/SIDA, et a l'education academique formelle, les divers auteurs sont globalement en accord sur les limites des connaissances a...
Differential thermal analysis with capillary tubes

Ein Verfahren zur Durchfuhrung von Differential-Thermoanalysen in verschlossenen Kapillarrohrchen wurde beschrieben, womit Aktivierungsenergien und andere kinetische Daten fur thermisch induzierte Reaktionen ermittelt werden kunnen. Proben von 2 bis 4 mg werden verwendet. Die Ergebnisse entsprechen denen, die mit dem kurzlich beschriebenen Makrosystem ermittelt wurden.
Effect of malonate on bacteremia developed in mice artificially infected with Salmonella typhimurium.

ConclusionsThese experiments show that malonate injections in mice artificially infected with S. typhimurium results in the development of a bacteremia more than 100 times as severe as that found within the same time period in control mice injected with equal volumes of saline. Malonate injections in the same mice also reduce survival time, apparently because of the fulminating infection which results. The increased severity of the bacteremia accompanying the malonate injections could be due to a) an impairment of the mouse's defense against bacterial infection, b) the establishment of an internal environment within the mouse which favors bacterial reproduction along the lines postulated by Lewis (6), or c) a combination of (a) and (b). The need for additional experiments thus becomes evident.
Hyaluronan mediates adhesion of metastatic colon carcinoma cells

Background Hyaluronan (HA) is a cell-surface glycosaminoglycan that has been implicated in cancer progression. Cells isolated from metastatic colon carcinoma (SW620) produce greater amounts of pericellular HA than cells isolated from a primary tumor (SW480). Inhibition of hyaluronan synthases (HAS) by transfection with antisense cDNA decreases HA production. Because adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is required for invasion and metastasis, we hypothesized that pericellular HA mediates adhesion to ECM proteins such as laminin, collagen, and fibronectin and that inhibition of HA production or removal of HA by digestion with hyaluronidase would impair adhesion. Materials and methods SW480, SW620, and antisense transfectants (SW620 cells transfected with vector alone, antisense HAS2, antisense HAS3, and both antisense HAS2 and HAS3) were assessed for adhesion to laminin, Type 1 collagen, or fibronectin-coated plates. To confirm that adhesion was mediated by HA, cells were treated with or without hyaluronidase prior to the assays. Results Metastatic SW620 cells adhered well to laminin; SW480 cells demonstrated 46% less adhesion ( P t test). SW620 cell adhesion to Type 1 collagen and fibronectin was >50% less than adhesion to laminin. Inhibition of HAS2 and/or HAS3 or pretreatment with hyaluronidase significantly decreased adhesion of SW620 cells to laminin ( P Conclusions Metastatic SW620 cells that produce large amounts of pericellular HA adhered well to laminin. Inhibition of HAS2 and/or HAS3 expression, or hyaluronidase digestion of pericellular HA significantly inhibited adhesion. These data suggest that HA promotes adhesion to laminin and may thereby facilitate invasion of the basement membrane and metastasis in colon carcinoma.
Superstitions in Medicine: Bad Luck or Bad Logic?

[Vinson DR: Superstitions in medicine: bad luck or bad logic? Ann Emerg Med May 1998;31:650-652.].
Influences Interpreting a Technology Component to Financial Education for Grades K-4: Another Dimension of the Digital Divide

The authors recognize that educators must consider the nature and consequences of technology's use in financial education. Pointing out that both technological presence and instructional methodology represent determinants of pedagogical appropriateness, the authors describe a study measuring whether socioeconomic elements influence educators' agreement with technology uses for financial education in grades K-4. While they find that settings (e.g. urban or rural) affect agreement with technology items, they call for further study to refine and clarify the associated relationships.
Monitoring active site alterations upon mutation of yeast pyruvate kinase using 205Tl+ NMR

The interaction of the monovalent cation with wild type (WT) yeast pyruvate kinase (YPK) and with the T298S, T298C, and T298A mutants was investigated by 205Tl+ NMR to monitor possible structural alterations at the active site by Thr-298 mutation. TlNO3 activates WT YPK with a kcat value similar to that obtained with KCl and an apparent Ka of 0.96 +/- 0.07 mm in the presence of Mn2+ and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. With the three mutants, Tl+ is a better activator than is K+ based on kcat values. Tl+ activation and inhibition of YPK is affected by mutation of the active site Thr-298. The effect of Mn2+ on the 1/T value of 205Tl+1 in the presence of the WT and mutant YPK complexes was determined at 173 MHz (300 MHz, 1H) and 346 MHz (600 MHz, 1H). For each complex studied, 1/pT2p >> 1/pT1p and 1/pT1p is frequency-dependent suggesting fast exchange conditions. The values of 1/pT1p differ for each mutant. A correlation time of 0.65 +/- 0.35 ns was estimated for the Mn2+-205Tl+ interaction. The Tl+-Mn2+ distances at the active site of YPK were calculated from the paramagnetic contribution of Mn2+ to 1/T1M of YPK-bound 205Tl+. The calculated Tl+-Mn2+ distance for the Thr-298 mutants is decreased by about 1 A from 6.0 +/- 0.2 A observed with WT. The results suggest conformational alterations at the active site of YPK where phosphoryl transfer occurs upon mutation of Thr-298. These conformational changes may, in part, explain the alteration in kcat and kcat/Km,PEP observed with the Thr-298 mutants.
Pumping out the arsenic.

Arabidopsis thaliana has been engineered to contain two bacterial enzymes to help it remove arsenic from contaminated soils.
Inhibition of the Crown-rot Disease Fungus, Sclerotium delphinii Welch

IN 1952, I reported1 the inhibition in vitro of the crown-rot fungus, Sclerotium delphinii Welch, by two species of Penicillium, P. brevi-compactum and P. charlesii. In vivo experiments were set up to demonstrate the practical utilization of these penicillia as agents in combating the crown-rot fungus disease. For this purpose the penicillia were grown in large quantities in Czapek–Dox medium for seventeen to eighteen days on a rotary shaker at room temperature. The culture fluid was then filtered and the filtrate was poured into standard greenhouse flats, containing soil which had been artificially infested three days before with sclerotia of S. delphinii. Controls were also set up, using Czapek–Dox medium, in flats of similarly infested soil. A few days after filtrates of different concentrations were added to the flats, nine plants of Mazus reptans and Ajuga reptans (two rock-garden plants extremely susceptible to S. delphinii) were planted in each of the different flats.
Ortho-linked polyaryloxide ligands and their titanium complexes.

Ortho-linked polyphenols, quaterphenol L(OH)4, and moderately hindered terphenol PhL(OH)3 are developed as new multidentate polyaryloxide ligands for transition-metal chemistry. The polyphenols are synthesized using ortho-metalation and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies; the synthetic routes allow for facile electronic and steric modification of the basic ligand design. The Ti(IV) coordination chemistry of these ligands reveals a diverse collection of bridged structures: dimeric [Ti(μ-PhLO3)(OiPr)]2 (P21/n, a = 12.2699(5) A, b = 11.7957(5) A, c = 21.238(1) A, β = 94.551(1)°, Z = 2, T = 170(2) K), dimeric [Ti2(μ-PhLO3)2(μ-Cl)(Cl)(THF)] (P , a = 11.212(1) A, b = 14.165(1) A, c = 22.447(2) A, α = 90.440(4)°, β = 93.345(4)°, γ = 111.164(4)°, Z = 2, T = 170(2) K), and trimeric [Ti3(μ,μ‘-LO4)(μ-OiPr)2(OiPr)6] (P21/n, a = 11.1022(5) A, b = 18.7015(9) A, c = 24.409(1) A, β = 95.369(2)°, Z = 4, T = 170(2) K). The reaction of TiCl3(THF)3 with [PhLO3]3- results in oxidation of Ti(III) to Ti(IV) and forma...
Calibration and rating of photovoltaics

Rating the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical to determining the cost per watt, and efficiency is useful to assess the relative progress among PV concepts. Procedures for determining the efficiency for PV technologies from 1-sun to low concentration to high concentration are discussed. We also discuss the state of the art in primary and secondary calibration of PV reference cells used by calibration laboratories around the world. Finally, we consider challenges to rating PV technologies and areas for improvement.
Teaching tool shows results through visualization [power systems education]

Many students have difficulty in understanding the concepts and mastering the analytical skills required in their first course in power systems. This paper describes PowerGraf, an interactive software package for supplementing and enhancing the learning process in the classroom, the laboratory and in the student's self-study. The package is designed for students with little understanding of power systems, but who need to learn the overall system concepts and design principles.
Discriminatory accuracy and potential clinical utility of genomic profiling for breast cancer risk in BRCA-negative women

Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The clinical utility of genotyping individuals at these loci is not known. Subjects were 519 unaffected women without BRCA mutations. Gail, Claus, and IBIS models were used to estimate absolute breast cancer risks. Subjects were then genotyped at 15 independent risk loci. Published per-allele and genotype-specific odds ratios were used to calculate the composite cumulative genomic risk (CGR) for each subject. Affected age- and ethnicity-matched BRCA mutation-negative women were also genotyped as a comparison group for the calculation of discriminatory accuracy. The CGR was used to adjust absolute breast cancer risks calculated by Gail, Claus and IBIS models to determine the proportion of subjects whose recommendations for chemoprevention or MRI screening might be altered (reclassified) by such adjustment. Mean lifetime breast cancer risks calculated using the Gail, Claus, and IBIS models were 19.4, 13.0, and 17.7%, respectively. CGR did not correlate with breast cancer risk as calculated using any model. CGR was significantly higher in affected women (mean 3.35 vs. 3.12, P = 0.009). The discriminatory accuracy of the CGR alone was 0.55 (SE 0.019; P = 0.006). CGR adjustment of model-derived absolute risk estimates would have altered clinical recommendations for chemoprevention in 11-19% of subjects and for MRI screening in 8-32%. CGR has limited discriminatory accuracy. However, the use of a genomic risk term to adjust model-derived estimates has the potential to alter individual recommendations. These observations warrant investigation to evaluate the calibration of adjusted risk estimates.
a Parametrically Forced Nonlinear System with Reversible Equilibria

A nonlinear Duffing-type dynamical system, in which the stability of equilibria is modulated in a time-dependent manner, is investigated both experimentally and numerically. This is a low-order dynamical system with some interesting available choices in the coordinate system. The system is found to exhibit a variety of interesting nonlinear behavior including ultrasubharmonic resonance. Frequency content is used to characterize periodic and chaotic behavior and their relation to the parameter space.
Generation of Mesoscale Gravity Waves in Upper-Tropospheric Jet–Front Systems

Abstract Multiply nested mesoscale numerical simulations with horizontal resolution up to 3.3 km are performed to study the generation of mesoscale gravity waves during the life cycle of idealized baroclinic jet–front systems. Long-lived vertically propagating mesoscale gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths ∼100–200 km are simulated originating from the exit region of the upper-tropospheric jet streak, in a manner consistent with past observational studies. The residual of the nonlinear balance equation is found to be a useful index in diagnosing flow imbalance and predicting wave generation. The imbalance diagnosis and model simulations suggest that balance adjustment, as a generalization of geostrophic adjustment, is likely responsible for generating these mesoscale gravity waves. It is hypothesized that, through balance adjustment, the continuous generation of flow imbalance from the developing baroclinic wave will lead to the continuous radiation of gravity waves.
Perceptions of Pain in Women With Headache: A Laboratory Investigation of the Influence of Pain‐Related Anxiety and Fear

The present study compared the responses of women with headache (chronic tension-type, n = 27; migraine, n = 27) and controls (n = 27) to an acute pain laboratory task, the cold pressor test. Participants' pain perception (ie, threshold and tolerance) and their fear/anxiety associated with pain were assessed during days 1, 2, or 3 of menses. Analyses pertaining to participants' responses to the cold pressor test (ie, pain threshold and tolerance) failed to show statistically significant group differences, even when covarying pain-related anxiety/fear. Analyses did, however, reveal significant group differences between migraineurs and controls in cognitive anxiety. Correlational analyses also revealed that cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, fear, and escape/avoidance were all significantly correlated with pain tolerance in the group with chronic tension-type headache, but not in the other two groups. Subsequent multiple regressions, however, showed that the relationship between anxiety and pain tolerance was primarily a function of somatic anxiety. These results suggest that headache frequency plays a role in mediating the relationship between fear of pain and pain tolerance and that the models by Lethem and colleagues and McCracken may be relevant for understanding tension headache sufferers' responses to head pain.
Visual analysis of entity relationships in the Global Terrorism Database

With the increase of terrorist activity around the world, it has become more important than ever to analyze and understand these activities over time. Although the data on terrorist activities are detailed and relevant, the complexity of the data has rendered the understanding and analysis difficult. We present a visual analytical approach to effectively identify related entities such as terrorist groups, events, locations, etc. based on a 2D layout. Our methods are based on sequence comparison from bioinformatics, modified to incorporate the element of time. By allowing the user the freedom to link entities by their activities over time, we provide a new framework for comparison of event sequences. Our scoring mechanism is robust and flexible, giving the user the flexibility to define the extent to which time is considered in aligning entities. Incorporated with high interactivity, the user can efficiently navigate through tens of thousands of records recorded in over a hundred dimensions of data by choosing combinations of categories to examine. Exploration of the terrorist activities in our system reveals relationships between entities that are not easily detectable using traditional methods.
Psychopathic personality in children: genetic and environmental contributions.

Background—The current study investigates whether the underlying factor structure of psychopathic personality traits found in adults is similar to that in children and what the extent of the genetic and environmental influences are on these psychopathic traits. Method—Psychopathic personality traits were assessed in a community sample of 1219 twins and triplets (age 9–10 years) through caregiver reports of each child’s behavior using the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS). Results—Confirmatory factor analyses revealed an optimal two-factor solution (callous/ disinhibited and manipulative/deceitful) to the CPS subscales. Bivariate genetic modeling of the two computed factor scores revealed significant genetic as well as unique environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits in both boys and girls, with heritability estimates of 0.64 and 0.46, respectively, in boys and 0.49 and 0.58, respectively, in girls. No shared environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits were found.
Transformative learning in teacher education: building competencies and changing dispositions

Acquiring a repertoire of competencies for creating and maintaining successful parent partnerships is an exceedingly important yet difficult task for pre-service educators. This mixed-methods study compared non-traditional and traditional approaches to transforming undergraduate student dispositions and competencies toward parent/professional partnerships. Results suggest that embedding parents of children with disabilities in the classroom, together with the use of activities that promote regular discourse, reflection, relationship building with professionally-relevant partners, transformed student dispositions toward parent/professional partnerships and increased student competence. Implications for teacher education programs are discussed.
Academic Support Services in U.S. and Canadian Medical Schools

Background: Academic support services play a critical but largely undocumented role in helping medical students meet the challenges of the curriculum. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of academic support programs in medical schools, and to find out how these are conceptualized and implemented. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to medical schools in the US and Canada. Questions addressed specific services, providers, and funding. Results: The survey was returned by 86 of the 135 (67.7%) schools. Almost all (95.3%) provide academic support in the first two years, and a large majority in third (82.6%) and fourth (79%) year. Great variability exists in the infrastructure and funding of the programs, and in the training of the providers. Conclusions: Academic support is common, but has broad interpretation; services are varied. Programs are conceptualized differently, some to provide specific assistance to pass courses, and others for skill development, to enhance self-directed, life-long learning. Keywords: academic support, medical students, student counseling, medical education
Model Driven Development with NORMA

Object-role modeling (OEM) is a fact-oriented approach for specifying, transforming, and querying information at a conceptual level. Unlike entity-relationship (ER) modeling and unified modeling language (UML) class diagrams, ORM is attribute-free, treating all elementary facts as relationships. For information modeling, fact-oriented graphical notations are typically far more expressive than other notations. Based on extensive industrial feedback, a second generation ORM (ORM 2) was recently specified. This paper provides a detailed discussion of NORMA (Neumont ORM Architect), a software tool that facilitates entry, validation, and mapping of ORM 2 models. Building on Microsoft's domain specific language (DSL) technology, NORMA is implemented as an open-source plug-in to visual studio .NET. As well as supporting ORM 2, with automated verbalization and live error-handling, NORMA automatically generates code for relational database models, object models, and XML schemas
Polylogarithmic Store-Carry-Forward Routing using Mobile Nodes

It is well known that mobility increases the capacity of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) by reducing the number of relays for routing, prolonging the lifespan of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by using mobile nodes in place of bottleneck static sensors, and ensuring network connectivity in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) using mobile nodes to connect different parts of a disconnected network. Trajectory planning and the coordination of mobile nodes are two important design issues aiming to optimize or balance several measures, including delay, average number of relays, and moving distance. In this paper, we propose a new controlled mobility model with an expected polylogarithmic number of relays to achieve a good balance among several contradictory goals, including delay, the number of relays, and moving distance. The model is based on the small-world model where each static node has "short" link connections to its nearest neighbors and "long" link connections to other nodes following a certain probability distribution. Short links are regular wireless connections whereas long links are implemented using mobile nodes. Various issues are considered, including trade-offs between delay and average number of relays, selection of the number of mobile nodes, and selection of the number of long links. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated analytically as well as through simulation.
Mutational equilibrium model of genome size evolution.

The paper describes a mutational equilibrium model of genome size evolution. This model is different from both adaptive and junk DNA models of genome size evolution in that it does not assume that genome size is maintained either by positive or stabilizing selection for the optimum genome size (as in adaptive theories) or by purifying selection against too much junk DNA (as in junk DNA theories). Instead the genome size is suggested to evolve until the loss of DNA through more frequent small deletions is equal to the rate of DNA gain through more frequent long insertions. The empirical basis for this theory is the finding of a strong correlation and of a clear power-function relationship between the rate of mutational DNA loss (per bp) through small deletions and genome size in animals. Genome size scales as a negative 1.3 power function of the deletion rate per nucleotide. Such a relationship is not predicted by either adaptive or junk DNA theories. However, if genome size is maintained at equilibrium by the balance of mutational forces, this empirilical relationship can be readily accommodated. Within this framework, this finding would imply that the rate of DNA gain through large insertions scales up a quarter-power function of genome size. On this view, as genome size grows, the rate of growth through large insertions is increasing as a quarter power function of genome size and the rate of DNA loss through small deletions increases linearly, until eventually, at the stable equilibrium genome size value, rates of growth and loss equal each other. The current data also suggest that the long-term variation is genome size in animals is brought about to a significant extent by changes in the intrinsic rates of DNA loss through small deletions. Both the origin of mutational biases and the adaptive consequences of such a mode of evolution of genome size are discussed.
CEO opportunism?: Option grants and stock trades around stock splits

Abstract Decades of research confirm that, on average, stock split announcements generate positive abnormal returns. In our sample, 80% of CEO stock option grants are timed to occur on or before the split announcement date. With the average market-adjusted announcement return of 3.1%, awarding the grant before the split announcement results in an average gain per CEO-grant of $451,748. We find additional evidence consistent with timing of CEO stock trading around the split announcement. In the case of CEO stock sales, about two-thirds occur after the split announcement, resulting in an average gain of $345,613.
Control of blue mold of apple by combining controlled atmosphere, an antagonist mixture, and sodium bicarbonate

‘Golden Delicious’ apples were wound-inoculated with Penicillium expansum and treated with various combinations of sodium bicarbonate and two antagonists (Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus laurentii), and then stored in air or controlled atmosphere (CA = 1.4 kPa O2 and 3 kPa CO2) for 2 or 4 months at 1 ◦ C. The antagonists survived and their populations increased during both air and CA storage. The antagonists alone reduced blue mold but were more effective when combined. Sodium bicarbonate tended to reduce lesion size when used with these antagonist, either when they were used alone or combined. Storage under CA conditions also increased the effectiveness of both antagonist, when used alone or in combination. The only treatment that completely eliminated P. expansum-incited decay was the combination of the two antagonists and sodium bicarbonate on fruit stored under CA conditions. The proper combination of alternative control measures can provide commercially acceptable long-term control of fruit decay and could help reduce our dependency on fungicides. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Outcomes of the Fortalezas Familiares Intervention for Latino Families Facing Maternal Depression

This pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a linguistically and culturally adapted intervention for immigrant Latina mothers with depression and their families. Fortalezas Familiares (Family Strengths) is a community-based, 12-week, multifamily group intervention that aims to increase communication about family processes leading up to and affected by the mother's depression, build child coping and efficacy, enhance parenting competence and skills, and promote cultural and social assets within the family. In terms of feasibility, of 16 families who enrolled and participated in the intervention, 13 families attended more than 90% of meetings and completed the intervention. Posttests reported positive changes following the intervention, including improved psychological functioning, increased family and marital support, and enhanced family functioning, as reported by mothers and other caregivers. Mothers also reported decreased conduct and hyperactivity problems among their children. Children reported positive changes in their psychological functioning and coping, parenting warmth and acceptance, and overall family functioning. Postintervention focus groups and surveys measuring acceptability revealed families' satisfaction with the intervention and suggested areas of improvement. We discuss similarities and differences in outcomes between the adapted intervention, Fortalezas Familiares, and the original intervention, Keeping Families Strong, and propose future areas of intervention adaptation and development.
Electromagnetic pumps for liquid metal-fed electric thrusters

Prototype designs of two separate pumps for use in electric propulsion systems with liquid lithium and bismuth propellants are presented. Both pumps are required to operate at elevated temperatures, and the lithium pump must additionally withstand the corrosive nature of the propellant. Compatibility of the pump materials and seals with lithium and bismuth were demonstrated through proof-of-concept experiments followed by post-experiment visual inspections. The pressure rise produced by the bismuth pump was found to be linear with input current and ranged from 0-9 kPa for corresponding input current levels of 0-30 A, showing good quantitative agreement with theoretical analysis.
Clozapine treatment of borderline patients: a preliminary study.

Abstract Clinicians frequently encounter patients who present with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and prolonged and/or pronounced psychotic symptoms of an atypical nature. Fifteen such patients were treated with clozapine and rerated blind to baseline symptomatology and functional level from 2 to 9 months after beginning treatment (mean = 4.2 ± 2.1). The overall symptomatology of these patients as rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) decreased significantly from a mean of 57.0 ± 10.4 to a mean of 37.8 ± 7.7 ( t = 7.03, df = 14, P = .001). Their positive, negative, and general symptoms as rated by the BPRS also decreased significantly. Additionally, their Global Assessment Scale (GAS) score increased significantly from a mean of 30.8 ± 4.7 to a mean of 43.1 ± 8.6 ( t = 5.19, df = 14, P = .001). These results suggest that clozapine may be an effective antipsychotic agent for this subset of BPD patients. However, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary results.
To step or not to step: An approach to clinically diagnosed polyps with no initial pathologic finding

We determined whether there were additional diagnostic findings in additional level sections performed on polyps with no pathologic diagnosis (NPD) or those in which only lymphoid aggregates (LAs) were seen initially and determined the level at which findings were identified. All colorectal biopsy specimens submitted with a clinical diagnosis of polyp during a 6-month period were included (N = 733). Initially, 3 level sections were cut for each polyp, and if a cause for the polyp was found, no additional levels were evaluated. If LAs or no cause for the polyp was found, 5 additional levels through each block were examined. Any diagnostic findings and the level at which they were identified were recorded. A discrete cause for the polyp was identified in routine levels in 574 cases (78.3%). Deeper levels were performed in 159: 23 for clarification of a suspected diagnosis, 38 for LAs, and 98 for NPD. Findings were identified in 31 (22.8%) of 136 stepped for LA or NPD with neoplastic findings in 13 (9.6%). Most diagnoses were identified in levels 4 or 5, but tubular adenomas were found in levels 7 and 8. These results support level sectioning specimens submitted as polyps with NPD or LAs on initial sections. Colorectal polyps are common specimens evaluated in surgical pathology departments. The most frequent pathologic diagnoses are hyperplastic polyps (HPs) and tubular adenomas (TAs). It is vital to diagnose adenomatous polyps because of their malignant potential and the need for patient follow-up. Sometimes no discrete cause for a clinically diagnosed polyp is found at initial histologic evaluation. Pathology departments vary in their approach to sectioning gastrointestinal biopsy specimens. Most routinely cut 2 to 3 levels per specimen. There are no wellestablished guidelines for the best approach when no clinically significant findings are seen on initial sectioning. Some pathologists study multiple additional sections, while others conclude that there is no pathologic diagnosis (NPD). We assessed whether diagnostic findings were present in additional level sections performed on polyps with NPD or those in which only lymphoid aggregates (LAs) were present and determined the levels at which additional findings were identified.
Post-silicon verification for cache coherence

Modern processor designs are extremely complex and difficult to validate during development, causing a growing portion of the verification effort to shift to post-silicon, after the first few hardware prototypes become available. Extremely slow simulation speeds during pre-silicon verification result in functional errors escaping into silicon, a problem that is further exacerbated by the growing complexity of the memory subsystem in multi-core platforms. In this work we present CoSMa, a novel technology offering high coverage functional post-silicon validation of cache coherence protocols in multi-core systems. It enables the detection and diagnosis of functional errors in the memory subsystem by recording at runtime a compact encoding of the operations occurring at each cache line and checking their correctness at regular intervals. We leverage the systempsilas existing memory resources to store the required activity, thus minimizing area overhead. When the system is finally ready for customer shipment, CoSMa can be completely disabled, eliminating any performance or memory overhead. We reproduce in our experiments a set of coherence protocol bugs based on published errata documents of commercial multi-core designs, and show that CoSMa is highly effective in detecting them.
Protection from doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in mice with a null allele of carbonyl reductase 1.

Doxorubicin is a highly effective antineoplastic agent, but it can produce the serious side effects of acute cardiac injury and chronic congestive heart failure. Carbonyl reductase (CBR) has been implicated in the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. To test whether a decrease in CBR levels was protective against doxorubicin toxicity, we created a null allele of the Cbr1 gene. Mice with one functional copy of the gene (Cbr1 +/-) were healthy and grossly normal despite having decreased levels of Cbr1 transcript and protein. Control and Cbr1 +/- mice were administered doxorubicin at 20 mg/kg i.p. Cbr1 +/- mice showed decreased circulating levels of the cardiotoxic metabolite, doxorubicinol, after administration. Within 2 weeks, 91% of wild-type mice were severely affected (n = 11) compared with 18% of Cbr1 +/- mice (n = 11). Echocardiography and histological analysis showed that Cbr1 +/- mice were protected from gross and cellular level pathologies associated with doxorubicin treatment. Demonstration that inhibition of carbonyl reductase blocks the toxic effects on the heart has important implications for improving the use of doxorubicin in chemotherapy.
Critical Roles of Phosphorylation and Actin Binding Motifs, but Not the Central Proline-rich Region, for Ena/Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Function during Cell Migration

The Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) protein family is implicated in the regulation of a number of actin-based cellular processes, including lamellipodial protrusion necessary for whole cell translocation. A growing body of evidence derived largely from in vitro biochemical experiments using purified proteins, cell-free extracts, and pathogen motility has begun to suggest various mechanistic roles for Ena/VASP proteins in the control of actin dynamics. Using complementation of phenotypes in Ena/VASP-deficient cells and overexpression in normal fibroblasts, we have assayed the function of a panel of mutants in one member of this family, Mena, by mutating highly conserved sequence elements found in this protein family. Surprisingly, deletion of sites required for binding of the actin monomer-binding protein profilin, a known ligand of Ena/VASP proteins, has no effect on the ability of Mena to regulate random cell motility. Our analysis revealed two features essential for Ena/VASP function in cell movement, cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinase phosphorylation sites and an F-actin binding motif. Interestingly, expression of the C-terminal EVH2 domain alone is sufficient to complement loss of Ena/VASP function in random cell motility.
The Origin of Man

Five characters separate man from other hominoids-a large neocortex, bipedality, reduced anterior dentition with molar dominance, material culture, and unique sexual and reproductive behavior. Evidence provided by the fossil record, primate behavior, and demographic analysis shows that the traditional view that early human evolution was a direct consequence of brain expansion and material culture is incorrect, and that the unique sexual and reproductive behavior of man may be the sine qua non of human origin.
Magnetic Field-Assisted Piezoelectric Force Microscopy Investigation of PbTiO $_{3}$ –TbDyFe Bilayered Nanocomposites

The magnetoelectric coupling in a bilayered composite consisting of a polycrystalline PbTiO3 and an amorphous TbDyFe layer was investigated by magnetic field-assisted piezoelectric force microscopy. Both the phase and the amplitude components of the piezoelectric signal undergo substantial changes upon applying an in-plane magnetic field, demonstrating the existence of a magnetoelectric coupling between the magnetic and electrostrictive layers. Consequently, the values of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient were found to decrease from 28.3 to 8.71 pm/V with increasing the magnetic field from 0 to 2 kOe.
Intraoperative Polaroid roentgenograms.

Abstract The introduction of a new Polaroid film (TPX) prompted an evaluation of all Polaroid films that are available, and a comparison with Kodak Xomat film was done both in the experimental mode and the clinical situation. Type TPX shows excellent definition but is still an experimental film. All the other Polaroid films (Types 52, 57, and TPX 10 × 8) produce images in twenty seconds. This is really the only advantage over the conventional Kodak X-Omat KS film processed as an x-ray film.
Caenorhabditis elegans SUR-5, a Novel but Conserved Protein, Negatively Regulates LET-60 Ras Activity during Vulval Induction

The let-60 ras gene acts in a signal transduction pathway to control vulval differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans. By screening suppressors of a dominant negative let-60 ras allele, we isolated three loss-of-function mutations in the sur-5 gene which appear to act as negative regulators of let-60 ras during vulval induction. sur-5 mutations do not cause an obvious mutant phenotype of their own, and they appear to specifically suppress only one of the two groups of let-60 ras dominant negative mutations, suggesting that the gene may be involved in a specific aspect of Ras activation. Consistent with its negative function, overexpressing sur-5 from an extragenic array partially suppresses the Multivulva phenotype of an activated let-60 ras mutation and causes synergistic phenotypes with a lin-45 raf mutation. We have cloned sur-5 and shown that it encodes a novel protein. We have also identified a potential mammalian SUR-5 homolog that is about 35% identical to the worm protein. SUR-5 also has some sequence similarity to acetyl coenzyme A synthetases and is predicted to contain ATP/GTP and AMP binding sites. Our results suggest that sur-5 gene function may be conserved through evolution.
Relation of conformal field theory and deformation theory for the Ising model

Abstract We discuss the relation between conformal quantum field theory and monodromy preserving deformation theory in the context of the Ising model. We show that the scaled two-spin correlation is the τ function of a Painleve V eqaution for both T above and below T c . At T c we show that this nonlinear equation reduces to the 2nd order linear equation of conformal quantum field theory for 2nd level degenerate fields. We conclude by discussing the relation of n th level degenerate fields to monodromy preserving deformation theory.
SHIP WAVES IN NAVIGATION CHANNELS

Ships moving through water generate surface waves which in many navigation channels cause severe wave-wash damage to the bank* In some waterways, rather extensive protection works have been constructed to reduce this destructive action to levee faces (Hertzberg, 1954). This action, termed "foreshore erosion", has been described by Lewis (1956) for the lower Mississippi River as follows: "The attack, interestingly enough, takes place at lowwater . It is due largely to the waves created by passing ocean-going ships and is augmented by shallow draft traffic. It may be asked at this point why this attack is new, in view of the fact that ship and barge traffic has long existed on the river in very substantial volume? The answer is that the recent technological advances in ocean-going and river transportation have greatly increased maximum and average speeds, and accordingly, the wave making potentials."
Victims as Protagonists in Transitional Justice

The notion of ‘justice for victims’ of the most serious crimes has been at the center of the normative developments that we have come to know as transitional justice. Indeed, the social movements that were the engine for this prodigious change in social and state practices and later also in international standards succeeded initially in persuading larger circles of society, and eventually state institutions as well, that newly democratic dispensations could not ignore the plight of the victims of human rights crimes of the recent past. Human rights organizations pleaded to reject oblivion, false ‘reconciliation’ and forgiving and forgetting. Their stand soon became a forceful demand for affirmative measures to ensure that victims, survivors and their families would now be recognized as first-class citizens with specific rights and entitlements. Through decisions of domestic and international tribunals, those policy measures became recognized as treaty-based obligations that the state owes victims, summarized in the objectives of truth, justice, reparations and measures of nonrepetition. Victims and survivors were, of course, present and active at the outset of this remarkable movement. ‘Justice for victims’ might at first have given the impression that those who had been harmed by abuse of state power were to be passive recipients of the benefits of truth seeking, truth telling and reparations. In practice, however, victims and survivors became prominent protagonists of these exercises in public policy measures designed to infuse specific content to the promise that such crimes would ‘never again’ occur. It is for that reason that transitional justice today requires victims’ participation in the design and execution of all programs of truth telling and reparations, and not simply as witnesses or recipients of benefits. Indeed, victims’ active participation is also a requirement for justice in the form of prosecutions. In interpreting modern international law standards, authoritative organs of protection demand that domestic courts and codes of criminal procedure allow for victim participation in the investigation, prosecution and trial of international crimes. The same can be said about measures of nonrepetition: their success in ‘vetting’ institutions and excluding those in them who have abused their power depends to a large extent on the degree to which victims have a say in creating a fair and complete process, including the design of adequate horizontal and vertical controls over those institutions, as well as training and continuing education of their members.
Improved sleep after Qigong exercise in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study

Objective: Sleep disorder and fatigue are among a few major concerns of breast cancer survivors across the survivorship trajectory. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine feasibility and trends in multiple outcomes after a 6-week Qigong exercise program in breast cancer survivors. Methods: Eight female adults (mean age 55.4 ± 9.4 years, mean time after the completion of cancer treatment 3.9 ± 5.7 years) who had a diagnosis of breast cancer and were at least 3 months postcompletion of primary cancer treatment prior to participation in this study. Baseline evaluation was administered using subjective questionnaires on sleep quality, insomnia, fatigue, and quality of life. All subjects participated in two training sessions to learn the Six Healing Sound Qigong exercise and attended group Qigong sessions once per week in the following 6 weeks. In addition to the group sessions, subjects were asked to perform the Qigong exercises twice at home right before going to bed in the evening and immediately after getting up in the morning. Following the 6-week intervention, subjects were re-assessed using the same questionnaires. Pre- and post-intervention scores were analyzed for statistical significance. Results: Compliance rate was 89.6% for group sessions and 78.5% (ranging from 65.6% to 90.7%) for daily home Qigong exercises. No participant reported any adverse event or side effect during the study. All participants indicated in the end-intervention questionnaire that they would highly recommend the intervention to others. Significant improvements were observed in sleeping quality score (from 10.3 ± 3.6 to 5.4 ± 2.3, P < 0.01), insomnia index score (from 16.2 ± 3.2 to 6.8 ± 4.8, P < 0.01), fatigue score (from 60.3 ± 9.4 to 49.1 ± 8.6, P < 0.01), and SF-36 score (from 66.8 ± 7.7 to 80.9 ± 3.9, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this single arm pilot study showed the feasibility and potential of Six Healing Sounds Qigong exercise for improving sleep and other symptoms in breast cancer survivors.