cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vanishing theorems, a theorem of Severi, and the equations defining projective varieties

In 1903 Severi [S] proved that if X, X' c P" are smooth surfaces whose union is the complete intersection of r 2 hypersurfaces of degrees di ... , dr-2, then hypersurfaces of degree k > Z di r cut out a complete linear series on X (cf. [SR, XIII.9.8]). The purpose of this paper is first of all to show that elementary arguments using the Kodaira vanishing theorem lead to a simple variant of Severi's statement (Theorem 7 below) which extends it in serval directions. More importantly, we hope to convince the reader that this result has a surprising number of applications to questions involving the equations defining projective varieties. Consider to begin with a smooth complex projective variety X C Pr of dimension n and codimension e = r n. In this setting, our theorem asserts the vanishing of the higher cohomology of suitable twists of the ath power of the ideal sheaf .Yx of X in Apr. Proposition 1. Assume that X is cut out scheme-theoretically in P" by hypersurfaces of degrees d1 ? d2> > d_. Then H (P'r,(k)) = 0 for i > 1 provided k > ad, + d2+ + de r. Note that only the degrees of the first e = codim(X, Pr) defining equations come into play here. When n = 2 and a = 1 this is a consequence of Severi's
Social Justice and the Human–Environment Relationship: Common Systemic, Ideological, and Psychological Roots and Processes

Historical analyses and contemporary social psychological research demonstrate that prevailing systems, institutions, and practices espouse an ideology of conflict between humans and the natural world. The established paradigm of society espouses domination of and separation from the natural environment, and manifests in environmentally detrimental attitudes and practices. Ecological exploitation appears to stem from the same root socioeconomic processes as social injustice—the hierarchical arrangement of power which places some groups and the environment in a position devoid of power or rights. Accordingly, endorsement of social and environmental injustice is exacerbated by tendencies toward domination and hierarchy, such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. Moreover, injustice is perpetuated by motivation to uphold and justify social structures and the dominant paradigm, which stifles societal change toward intergroup fairness and equality and motivates denial and neglect in the face of environmental problems. Ideological tendencies in service of the system, including political conservatism, belief in a just world, and free market ideology, contribute toward perpetuating injustice as well as anti-environmental sentiment and behavior. Considering the shared psychological and ideological underpinnings of social and environmental injustice point to important interventions, such as cultivating interdependence through contact, fostering inclusive representations, and harnessing ideological motives toward overcoming resistance to change, and carry implications for expanding the scope of justice theory, research, and practice.
Reduced levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor contribute to synaptic imbalance during the critical period of respiratory development in rats

Previously, our electrophysiological studies revealed a transient imbalance between suppressed excitation and enhanced inhibition in hypoglossal motoneurons of rats on postnatal days (P) 12–13, a critical period when abrupt neurochemical, metabolic, ventilatory, and physiological changes occur in the respiratory system. The mechanism underlying the imbalance is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the imbalance was contributed by a reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which normally enhances excitation and suppresses inhibition. We also hypothesized that exogenous BDNF would partially reverse this synaptic imbalance. Immunohistochemistry/single neuron optical densitometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were done on hypoglossal motoneurons in brain stem slices of rats during the first three postnatal weeks. Our results indicated that: 1) the levels of BDNF and its high-affinity TrkB receptor mRNAs and proteins were relatively high during the first 1-1½ postnatal weeks, but dropped precipitously at P12–13 before rising again afterwards; 2) exogenous BDNF significantly increased the normally lowered frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) but decreased the normally heightened amplitude and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) during the critical period; 3) exogenous BDNF also decreased the normally heightened frequency of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) at P12–13; and 4) the effect of exogenous BDNF was partially blocked by K252a, a TrkB receptor antagonist. Thus, our results are consistent with our hypothesis that BDNF and TrkB play an important role in the synaptic imbalance during the critical period. This may have significant implications for the mechanism underlying Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
Institutional Antecedents of Corporate Governance Legitimacy

The authors studied panel data for corporate governance ratings in 50 countries between 1997 and 2005 to understand what the country-level predictors of corporate governance legitimacy might be. Using neo-institutional theory, they found that all three pillars of institutionalization influenced perceptions of corporate governance at the national level—specifically, (a) the greater the extent of law and order, (b) the more the culture emphasized global competitiveness, and (c) the less the prevalence of corruption, the higher the corporate governance legitimacy within a nation. This study refines and extends the comparative corporate governance literature, as well as the neo-institutional perspective.
The Battle over Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity in Satiety Brain Circuits

The synaptic basis underlying food intake is poorly understood. New research shows that an animal's satiety state dictates the polarity of long-term inhibitory synaptic plasticity in the hypothalamus, which is mediated by an activity-dependent competition between endocannabinoid and nitric oxide signaling.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Double Popliteus Tendon Sign: A Case Report:

The double popliteus tendon sign is seen on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee as a low-signal-intensity band parallel to the popliteus tendon at the level of the popliteus hiatus. It is the result of a displaced complex flap tear of the lateral meniscus. This type of displaced meniscal tear can be easily missed on MRI, unless the clinician is aware of its existence and significance and is familiar with its MRI appearance.
CLASSICAL MOTION OF AN ELECTRON IN AN ELECTRIC-DIPOLE FIELD. II. POINT DIPOLE CASE.

The classical motion of an electron in the field of a point electric dipole is analysed. It is shown that the only motion for which the distance γ from the dipole to the electron does not either increase without limit or decrease to and remain at zero is that for which γ is constant and the total energy E is zero. A necessary condition for such bound motion is D > 3 surd 3p2/4me, where D is the dipole moment, p is the component of angular momentum along the dipole axis, and m and e are the electronic mass and charge. It follows that any point dipole can bind an electron classically.
POSSIBLE BORN TERM FOR THE HADRON BOOTSTRAP.

From the set of all quark scattering functions in the Veneziano model, we project out a completely factored, Reggeized, and crossing-symmetric set of hadron $n$-point function with spin and internal symmetry.
The devitalized marriage: Assessment and treatment

Abstract This article considers various methods of assessment and implications for treatment of marriages in which one partner expresses the desire to exit the marriage and the other partner wants to keep the marriage intact. The type of marriage discussed is the devitalized marriage. The type of stance or attitude toward the marriage is either ambivalent or postambivalent by the distancing partner and preambivalent by the partner who wishes to remain married. The article stresses the point that the therapist must take the threat to leave the marriage seriously but not always at face value. Treatment procedures are considered in the light of the assessment possibilities.
Antinociceptive properties of tiletamine-zolazepam improved by addition of xylazine or butorphanol.

Abstract A combination of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl is frequently used as an anesthetic, but little is known about the antinociceptive properties of tiletamine-zolazepam. The antinociceptive properties of tiletamine-zolazepam alone or combined with xylazine or butorphanol were determined in the adult male rate using the tail-flick test. Changes in tail-flick latency were determined at 15, 45, and 75 min after IP drug administration of sterile water, sodium pentobarbital, morphine, tiletamine-zolazepam, xylazine, butorphanol, and tiletamine-zolazepam plus xylazine or butorphanol. Tail-flick latency approximated 100% maximum possible effect (MPE) at 15–75 min postinjection in morphine-treated rats. Tiletamine-zolazepam, xylazine, and butorphanol alone, at any dose utilized, produced less than 50% MPE. However, the combination of tiletamine-zolazepam with butorphanol or xylazine increased tail-flick latency approximately three times greater than tiletamine-zolazepam alone. These results demonstrate that: a) consonant with earlier findings, analgesia and anesthesia are independent states; b) tiletamine-zolazepam is not an effective combination with respect to analgesia; but c) in concert with appropriate drugs, it can exhibit potent antinociceptive properties.
Recreation at Drinking Water Reservoirs in Massachusetts: a Survey of Water Managers

The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes toward the recreational use of drinking water reservoirs in Massachusetts among municipal water supply managers in the state. Compared to the findings of recent studies assessing the attitudes of the general public, water officials were found to advocate highly restrictive views. No officials said that recreation was an insignificant source of water supply pollution; however, opinions were not found to be related to respondents' exposure to the literature on the topic. The majority were not, in fact, familiar with the literature assessing the impact of recreation on water supply reservoirs.
Visual literacy and the design of digital media

Visual literacy, defined as the ability to create, comprehend, and communicate effectively using visual language, is based on an understanding of principles and concepts derived from gestalt psychology and other theories of visual perception, media studies, and visual communication design. Previously applied to the design of print media, environmental design, and fine art these principles and concepts can successfully be applied to the design of digital media, including interactive interface design and computer graphics.
Study of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from Vetiveria zizanioides

Abstract Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver grass) is well known as an eco-friendly plant that prevents soil erosion and rehabilitates metalliferous polluted land. V. zizanioides is also the major source of vetiver oil for medicine and perfumery. Our study identified 25 compounds in V. zizanioides essential oil (VZ-EO). The major components were cedr-8-en-13-ol (12.4%), α-amorphene (7.80%), β-vatirenene (5.94%) and α-gurjunene (5.91%). VZ-EO may suppress the inflammatory responses of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, including nitric oxide production and cell apoptosis, by regulating the expression of the inflammation-related enzymes heme oxygenase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (inducible cyclooxygenase) and the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-β. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of VZ-EO correlated with its antioxidant activity of decreasing LPS-induced superoxide anion production and malondialdehyde levels.
Bifurcation of liquid drops

The reduced energy momentum method of Simo et al. (1991) may be used to locate bifurcations of steady motions of conservative systems from symmetric steady motions. A family of functionals parametrized by the isotropy algebra can be used to characterize a symmetric relative equilibrium. A variation of the Equivariant Branching Lemma is used to construct a scalar equilibrium equation on an appropriate submanifold of the configuration manifold. This equation can be solved for the free parameter associated to the isotropy subalgebra to obtain stability and bifurcation results. Applications to three mechanical systems are considered: the heavy Lagrange top, the Riemann ellipsoids, and planar incompressible free boundary flow. The bifurcation analyses of the heavy top and the Riemann ellipsoids recapture the classical results of Routh and Riemann. The analysis of swirling planar flows establishes the existence of nonrigid steady motions of asymmetric fluid regions bifurcating from a rigidly rotating fluid disc and improves an existing formal stability result for the rigidly rotating disc. A common feature of these three examples is the existence of a range of angular velocities for which the symmetric steady motions are both (formally) orbitally and linearly stable and yet bifurcations to asymmetric steady motions occur.
The dynamic response of towed thermometers

Small-scale temperature fields in water were used to test the dynamic response of towed thermometers of the platinum film resistance type. Laminar buoyant plumes rising from submerged heaters below the line of motion were the test temperature fields. The analysis of results was based on an approximate ‘diffusion-layer’ model of the dynamic heat-transfer process occurring near the platinum film on the probe tip. The model represents the linear heat transfer into a two-layer semi-infinite medium, with the platinum thin film located at the interface between a water layer of thickness Δ and a semi-infinite substrate of glass. The differences of the thermal properties of water and glass were found to be negligible. The characteristic time Δ2/D, where D is the thermal diffusivity of water, was determined by the ratio of actual to film-indicated plume-peak temperature, assuming a sinusoid approximation to the plume profile. The frequency response for the same operating conditions as the plume tests could then be obtained from the diffusion-layer model.
Subdiffusion of a sticky particle on a surface.

Conventional diffusion $⟨\ensuremath{\Delta}{R}^{2}(t)⟩=2Dt$ gives way to subdiffusion $⟨\ensuremath{\Delta}{R}^{2}(t)⟩\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, $0l\ensuremath{\mu}l1$ when the waiting time distribution $\ensuremath{\varphi}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ is nonintegrable. We have studied a model system, colloidal particles functionalized with DNA ``sticky ends'' diffusing on a complementary coated surface. We observe a crossover from subdiffusive to conventional behavior for $⟨\ensuremath{\Delta}{R}^{2}(t)⟩$ and $\ensuremath{\varphi}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ as temperature is increased near the particle-surface melting temperature consistent with a simple Gaussian distribution of sticky ends. Our results suggest that any system with randomness in its binding energy should exhibit subdiffusive behavior as it unbinds. This will strongly affect the kinetics of self-assembly.
Obesity, Depression, and Health Services Costs Among Middle-Aged Women

Background Both obesity and depression have been associated with significant increases in health care costs. Previous research has not examined whether cost increases associated with obesity could be explained by confounding effects of depression.
Radioactive Iodine Treatment of a Functional Thyroid Carcinoma Producing Hyperthyroidism in a Dog

Radioactive iodine (131I) was used in the treatment of a 12-year-old female dog with hyperthyroidism resulting from a large, unresectable (and metastatic) thyroid carcinoma associated with signs of severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, nervousness) and high basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, as well as thyroid radioiodine kinetic studies that showed a high radioiodine uptake into the thyroid (% thyroid uptake) and markedly increased serum concentrations of protein-bound iodine-131 (PB131I) after 131I tracer injection. Thyroid imaging revealed diffuse radionuclide accumulation by the tumor, which involved both thyroid lobes. The dog was treated with three large doses of radioiodine (131I), ranging from 60 to 75 mCi, given at intervals of 5 to 7 months. The dog became euthyroid, and the size of the tumor decreased by approximately 25% after each 131I treatment, improving the severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, but both the hyperthyroid state and breathing difficulty recurred within a few months of each treatment. The dog was euthanatized 5 months after the last treatment because of progressive tracheal compression and pulmonary metastasis.
Olanzapine versus droperidol for the treatment of primary headache in the emergency department.

Objectives: The objective was to determine if there is a difference in pain relief or frequency and severity of side effects in emergency department (ED) patients with primary headache treated with either intramuscular (IM) olanzapine or IM droperidol. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized nonblinded clinical trial of adult ED patients undergoing treatment for suspected primary headache. Consenting patients were randomized to receive either droperidol 5 mg IM or olanzapine 10 mg IM. Prior to receiving treatment, patients were asked to complete a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) describing their pain and a 4-point verbal rating scale (VRS) describing their pain as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Patients also completed a 100-mm VAS describing their level of nausea. Pain and nausea measurements were repeated 30 and 60 minutes after medication administration. Patients also completed the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) 30 and 60 minutes after medication administration. Descriptive statistics were used as appropriate. Pain relief was compared both in terms of the decrease in VAS scores and in the proportion of patients who reported moderate or severe pain whose report later changed to mild or no pain. Results: One-hundred patients were enrolled; 13 were withdrawn before administration of the study medication, 8 in the droperidol group and 5 in the olanzapine group, leaving 87 patients for analysis. Forty-two patients received droperidol and 45 received olanzapine. In the droperidol group, 35/40 (87.5%) patients who had reported moderate or severe pain at baseline reported mild or no pain at 60 minutes. In the olanzapine group, 38/44 (86.4%) reported this change (p = 0.89). The mean percent change from baseline VAS pain score at 60 minutes was −37% (95% CI = −84% to 11%) for droperidol and −37% (95% CI = −64% to 10%) for olanzapine (p = 0.30). The mean percent change from baseline for the VAS nausea score was −59% (95% CI = −70% to −47%) for droperidol and −64% (95% CI = −77% to −51%) for olanzapine (p = 0.83). There was no difference in any report of akathisia by the BAS between the groups (p = 0.63). Conclusions: Both olanzapine and droperidol are effective treatments for primary headaches in the ED. No significant differences were found between the medications in terms of pain relief, antiemetic effect, or akathisia. Olanzapine may be used to treat primary headache and it is an effective alternative to droperidol.
Effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists on the analgesia and tolerance to d-Ala2,Glu4 deltorphin II, a δ2-opioid receptor agonist in mice

Abstract The effects of MK-801, a noncompetitive antagonist of the N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor and of LY 235959, a competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor on the analgesic action and development of tolerance to the analgesic action of d -Ala 2 , Glu 4 deltorphin II (deltorphin II), a δ 2 -opioid receptor agonist were determined in mice. Tolerance to deltorphin II was induced in male Swiss-Webster mice by twice daily intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of the drug (20 μg/mouse) for 4 days. To determine the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, the drugs were injected intraperitoneally in appropriate doses 10 min before each injection of deltorphin II. The doses of MK-801 were 0.01, 0.03 or 0.10 mg/kg whereas those of LY 235959 were 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg. Chronic administration of NMDA receptor antagonists by themselves did not alter the tail-flick latency or the analgesic effect of deltorphin II. MK-801 given concurrently with deltorphin II inhibited the development of tolerance to deltorphin II, the significant effects were observed at 0.03 and 0.10 mg/kg doses. Similar inhibitory effect of development of tolerance to deltorphin It were observed with LY 235959 at 4 mg/kg dose. MK-801 and LY 235959 also antagonized the analgesic action of deltorphin II. It is concluded that antagonism of NMDA receptors attenuates the analgesic action as well as development of tolerance to the analgesic action of δ 2 -opioid receptor agonist in the mouse.
Masquerading a Wired Covert Channel into a Wireless-like Channel

This paper presents a novel method to implement a covert channel that is based on inducing dynamics to convey a covert message. These dynamics are induced in a manner that emulates the normal operation of a hypothetical virtual channel. As a case study, this paper focuses on a scenario whereby TCP packet losses are induced to change the behavior of the Additive-Increase Multiplicative-Decrease (AIMD) congestion control mechanism of TCP to convey the covert message. From the outside, the TCP connection appears to be a normal connection that is traversing a congested link or a lossy wireless link. However, the sender, through monitoring the packets that get retransmitted, will decode the covert message. Packet losses are induced based on a hashing algorithm with specific hash patterns that are chosen a priori to emulate a specific loss rate. We have assessed the performance of this covert channel through simple analysis, simulation and real Internet experiments. We illustrate the existence of an optimal packet drop rate that maximizes the throughput of the covert channel.
Speciation by postzygotic isolation: forces, genes and molecules

New species arise as reproductive isolation evolves between diverging populations. Here we review recent work in the genetics of postzygotic reproductive isolation-the sterility and inviability of species hybrids. Over the last few years, research has taken two new directions. First, we have begun to learn a good deal about the population genetic forces driving the evolution of postzygotic isolation. It has, for instance, become increasingly clear that conflict-driven processes, like sexual selection and meiotic drive, may contribute to the evolution of hybrid sterility. Second, we have begun to learn something about the identity and molecular characteristics of the actual genes causing hybrid problems. Although molecular genetic data are limited, early findings suggest that "speciation genes" correspond to loci having normal functions within species and that these loci sometimes diverge as a consequence of evolution in gene regulation.
Brain cholinesterase activity and brain and liver residues in wild birds of a forest sprayed with acephate

In May 1981, acephate (O,S-dimethyl-acetylphosphoramidothioate) was applied at 0.85 kg [a.i. (active ingredient)]/ha in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas) forest of northern Arizona for suppression of a pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) infestation. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity was determined in six species of wild birds, and brain and liver residues were determined in five species. Brain ChE was not inhibited on the day of spraying, but ChE was significantly inhibited 2 d after acephate application. The species of birds which presumably had the smallest territories and therefore would be more likely to be confined to the relatively small spray plots (about 250 ha) had the greatest ChE inhibition, both in magnitude and in numbers of birds with inhibition. Acephate and methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl-phosphoramidothioate) residues in brain and liver were highest on the day of spraying and decreased to undetectable concentrations 14 d after application. No correlation between brain ChE activities and brain or liver residue concentrations was found. The results of this study suggest that brain ChE inhibition found after acephate application is a better indicator of exposure than is tissue residue analysis. Brain ChE inhibition is probably due to a metabolite of acephate that is not detected by the methods used. Birds exposed to acephate in the wild may suffer as yet undetermined sublethal effects, but it is unlikely that acephate applied at 0.85 kg/ha or less will kill many birds.
Global circulation from SEASAT altimeter data

Abstract A set of time‐averaged sea surface heights at 1° intervals, derived from the adjusted SEASAT altimeter data, and the GEML2 gravity field are used to estimate the long‐wavelength stationary sea surface topography. In order to reduce the leakage of energy in the estimated sea surface topography, the GEML2 field is augmented by the Rapp81 gravity field to generate geoidal undulations with wavelengths consistent with the ones of sea surface heights. These undulations are subtracted from the sea surface heights, and the resulting differences are subjected to filtering in order to recover sea surface topography with minimum wavelengths of 6000 km and an estimated accuracy of 20–25 cm. These estimates agree well with oceanographic and other satellite‐derived results. The direction of current flow can be computed on a global basis using the spherical harmonic expansion of sea surface topography. This is done not only for the SEASAT/GEML2 estimates, but also using the recent dynamic topography estimates o...
Comparison of pesticides in eight U.S. urban streams

Little is known of the occurrence of pesticides in urban streams compared to streams draining agricultural areas. Water samples from eight urban streams from across the United States were analyzed for 75 pesticides and seven transformation products. For six of the eight urban streams, paired agricultural streams were used for comparisons. The herbicides detected most frequently in the urban streams were prometon, simazine, atrazine, tebuthiuron, and metolachlor, and the insecticides detected most frequently were diazinon, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and malathion. In contrast to similar-sized agricultural streams, total insecticide concentrations commonly exceeded total herbicide concentrations in these urban streams. In general, the temporal concentration patterns in the urban streams were consistent with the characteristics of the local growing season. The insecticides carbaryl and diazinon exceeded criteria for the protection of aquatic life in many of the urban streams in the spring and summer. When the country as a whole is considered, the estimated mass of herbicides contributed by urban areas to streams is dwarfed by the estimated contribution from agricultural areas, but for insecticides, contributions from urban and agricultural areas may be similar. The results of this study suggest that urban areas should not be overlooked when assessing sources and monitoring the occurrence of pesticides in surface waters.
Formation temperature of fluorite in the Lockport Dolomite in upper New York State as indicated by fluid inclusion studies; with a discussion of heat sources

Fluid inclusion geothermometry studies of fluorite crystals from Penfield Quarry in the Silurian Lockport Dolomite of upstate New York indicate that mineralizing fluids with temperatures in the range of 137 + or - 5 degrees C were at least in part responsible for the minerals found there. This temperature is higher than can be explained within the framework of present knowledge of the geology of upstate New York and of its geologic history. Some one or any combination of the following must be true: 1) The Lockport must have been buried more deeply than present reconstructions indicate, 2) mineralizing fluids from a remote heat source must have been introduced into the Lockport along unknown channels, 3) the geothermal gradient of the area must have been considerably higher than the present value, 4) a post- (or late-) Silurian intrusion must be present beneath the Lockport.
A Study of Soil-Structure Interaction of Buried Concrete Pipe

A long-range research project was undertaken by the American Concrete Pipe Association to investigate the nature of the loading imposed on a concrete pipe when it is buried at a significant depth below the surface of the ground. The project consisted of an experimental and an analytical phase. The data from the experimental programs were used to assist in the development of a comprehensive finite-element program which can simulate the behavior of buried pipelines. This paper presents an overview of the entire project and describes in detail the structural aspects of the experimental phases of the research program.
Similar effects of inhibin and cycloheximide on gonadotropin release in superfused pituitary cell cultures.

The actions of two inhibin preparations and cycloheximide on gonadotropin release were investigated in superfused pituitary cell cultures. Pituitary cells isolated from 18-day-old male rats were grown in Matrigelcoated super! usion chambers in chemically defined medium. After stationary culture for 4 days, the cell monolayers were superfused at a constant speed (0.25 mi/mm) and were intermittently stimuLated (6 mm/h) with 10 nM gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Groups of cultures were exposed to the test substances for varying time periods during stationary culture and/or during superfusion. Inhibitory effects of both in/ti bin preparations on the secretion offollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lureinizing hormone (LII) in response to GnRJI pulses were observed after 2 h of exposure and became maximal after about 6 h. Basal secretion of FSH between GnR.H pulses was also suppressed, whereas the basal interpulse secretion of LH was not changed. When exposure to inhibin was discontinued, the secretion of both FSH and LII progressively increased and returned to control values by approximately 6 h. Cycloheximide (500 nglml) affected gonadotropin release with dynamics similar to those observed for the inhibin preparation. These data support the hypothesis that inhibition of gonadotropin synthesis may be an important step in the molecular mechanism of action by which inhi bin regulates gonadotropin release.
Calcium released by photolysis of DM‐nitrophen stimulates transmitter release at squid giant synapse.

1. Transmitter release at the squid giant synapse was stimulated by photolytic release of Ca2+ from the ‘caged’ Ca2+ compound DM-nitrophen (Kaplan & Ellis-Davies, 1988) inserted into presynaptic terminals. 2. Competing binding reactions cause the amount of Ca2+ released by DM-nitrophen photolysis to depend on the concentrations of DM-nitrophen, total Ca2+, Mg+, ATP and native cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffer. Measurements of presynaptic [Ca2+] changes by co-injection of the fluorescent indicator dye Fura-2 show that DM-nitrophen photolysis causes a transient rise in Ca2+ followed by decay within about 150 ms to an increased steady-state level. 3. Rapid photolysis of Ca2(+)-loaded nitrophen within the presynaptic terminal was followed in less than a millisecond by depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. As with action potential-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), the light-evoked response was partially and reversibly blocked by 1-3 mM-kainic acid which desensitizes postsynaptic glutamate receptors. 4. Release was similar in magnitude and rate to normal action potential-mediated EPSPs. 5. The release of transmitter by photolysis of Ca2(+)-loaded DM-nitrophen was not affected by removal of Ca2+ from the saline or addition of tetrodotoxin. Photolysis of DM-nitrophen injected into presynaptic terminals without added Ca2+ did not stimulate release of transmitter nor did it interfere with normal action potential-mediated release. 6. Stimulation of presynaptic action potentials in Ca2(+)-free saline during the light-evoked response did not elicit increased release of transmitter if the ganglion was bathed in Ca2(+)-free saline, i.e. in the absence of Ca2+ influx. Increasing the intensity of the light or stimulating presynaptic action potentials in Ca2(+)-containing saline increased the release of transmitter. Therefore the failure of presynaptic voltage change to increase transmitter release resulting from release of caged Ca2+ was not due to saturation or inhibition of the release mechanism by light-released Ca2+. 7. Decreasing the temperature of the preparation increased the delay to onset of the light-evoked response and reduced its amplitude and rate of rise to an extent similar to that observed for action potential-evoked EPSPs.
SYNTHESIS AND BINDING OF A TRIAZAMACROCYCLIC LIGAND BEARING PENDANT PYRIDYL GROUPS

Abstract The synthesis and preliminary binding studies of a triazacyclononane bearing three pendant pyridyl arms is described.
Effects of Finish Materials and Dynamic Loading on the Cyclic Response of Woodframe Shearwalls

A study on the effects of gypsum wallboard and stucco nonstructural finish materials on the seismic capacity of woodframe shearwalls was carried out. The focus was on the performance of shearwalls with these finish materials combined with a wood structural sheathing (plywood or oriented strand board). Also investigated were the effects of dynamic loading with rates on the order of a woodframe structural response to a seismic event. All testing was performed using standard construction 2.4 m square woodframe shearwalls loaded at the top plate. Findings from the study indicate that nonstructural finish materials have a substantial influence on the performance of woodframe shearwalls, causing increases in strength and stiffness, and reductions in deformation capacity. There was also a noticeable change in failure mode created by the application of finish materials. The loading rate study, comparing specimens under quasi-static loading with specimens loaded dynamically, showed only modest differences caused b...
Christian Education and the African-American Spirituals: Recommended Resources

For years, I have looked to the African-American spirituals for wisdom in determining what to teach as well as how to approach creatively the subject matter at hand. This has been true not only for...
Development of multilayered cell-hydrogel composites using an acoustic focusing technique

Multilayered composites, composed of mammalian cells arranged in a hydrogel, have been prepared using an acoustic focusing technique. Acoustic focusing is a simple, nonchemical technique that allows for the fast arrangement of cells in matrices where the control of cell geometry is beneficial. Breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) were dispersed in a 30 wt % solution of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) of molecular weight 400 at a density of 5 x 10(6) cells/mL of PEGDA solution. An ultrasonic field was used to organize the cells before polymerization of PEGDA. Disk-shaped hydrogel composites, typically 1 cm in diameter and 2-mm thick were prepared based on a PEGDA solution volume of 130 microL. At an acoustic frequency of 2.32 MHz, composites having cells positioned within concentric cylindrical shells interspersed with zones of cell-free hydrogel were produced. The cells were located in annuli approximately 80-microm thick and about 300 microm apart. The structure and viability of the cells within these constructs were studied using a fluorescent LIVE/DEAD assay. The viability of the cells was on the order of 50%. For the conditions used in this study, cell death was primarily attributed to exposure of cells to the PEGDA solution prior to polymerization, rather than adverse effects of polymerization or the sound field itself.
An adaptive terminal guidance scheme based on an exponential cost criterion with application to homing missile guidance

For a linear stochastic, system minimizing the expected value of an exponential function of a quadratic yields a control law for the terminal guidance problem which operates linearly on the estimated states. The control gains are explicit functions of the error variance in estimating the state. It is shown that the control gains can be calculated by combining a precalculated matrix determined by a backward integration in time with the error variance calculated forward in time. If the measurement variance is estimated in real time, then the error variance must also be calculated in real time. The control scheme will then be adaptive reflecting the estimated quality of the information. The adaptive control scheme is applied to the terminal phase of a homing missile where the measurement variance is estimated on-line.
Metabolic and ionic requirements for the axoplasmic transport of dopamine β-hydroxylase

1. Metabolic and ionic requirements for the intra-axonal transport of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) were investigated in the cat hypogastric nerve-inferior mesenteric ganglion preparation in vitro by monitoring the enzyme accumulation above a crush, 2-2·5 cm distal to the ganglion. 2. DBH accumulation in the proximal segment immediately above the crush increased linearly up to 6 h, during incubation in normal Krebs solution at 37° C. The rate of transport of the enzyme was about 4 mm/h. 3. Removal of the ganglion, electrical stimulation or reserpine pretreatment (1–6 days before the experiment) did not modify the rate of DBH accumulation. 4. Anoxia and glucose deprivation, singly, did not affect accumulation of DBH; however, the combined treatment of anoxia plus glucose deprivation, or dinitrophenol plus glucose deprivation, very markedly interfered with accumulation. 5. Removal of sodium or potassium from Krebs solution markedly inhibited the transport of DBH. Preincubation of the nerve in a high-calcium Krebs solution at 4° C, and then reincubation at 37° C, prevented the enzyme accumulation. 6. N-ethylmaleimide, ouabain and oligomycin markedly inhibited the transport of DBH. 7. The results suggest that transport of DBH, and therefore of noradrenaline storage vesicles, within the hypogastic nerve is dependent on metabolic energy derived from either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. It is also suggested that the sodium-potassium-activated ATPase may play an important role in the intra-axonal transport of storage vesicles.
Design study for remotely piloted, high-altitude airplanes powered by microwave energy

A design study has been conducted for unmanned, microwave-powered airplanes that must fly with long endurance at high altitude. They are proposed to conduct communications-relay, observation, or various scientific missions above approximately 55,000 feet altitude. The special characteristics of the microwave-power system and high-altitude, low-speed vehicle are reviewed. Examples of both sizing and performance analysis are used to suggest design procedure guidelines.
The effect of thyroxin and dinitrophenol on the thermal responses to cold

IT IS CLEAR from the work of Cramer and Ludford (1926), Krogh, Lindberg and Okkels (1932), Fischborn (1935), Baillif (1937), Starr and Roskelley (1940), and others that the thyroid gland enlarges and the height of its follicular cells increases when animals are exposed over long periods of time to a cold environment. In addition, Kenyon (1933) and Bernstein (1941) have noted hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid and an increased blood flow through the gland. Further, Schenk (1922) detected thyroid substance in the blood of rabbits exposed to cold. Finally Ring (1939) and Le Blond and Gross (1943) added significantly to the knowledge of the role of the thyroid gland in adjustment to low environmental temperatures by showing that the basal metabolism of normal rats exposed to cold for three weeks increased approximately twenty per cent, while the metabolism of thyroidectomized rats similarly treated did not increase (Ring, 1939). The survival of thyroidectomized rats in an environmental temperature of ...
Women ≥30 years of age with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) have low positivity rates when cotested for high‐risk human papillomavirus: Should we reconsider HPV triage for LSIL in older women?

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing for colposcopy triage of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is not recommended because of high positive rates in young women. It remains unclear whether HR-HPV testing may be useful for triage of older women. We compiled HR-HPV data for women aged >or=30 years with LSIL for the period March 1, 2006 to February 28, 2008. Follow-up cervical biopsy information was collected for the period March 1, 2006 to August 15, 2008. We used the Hybrid Capture II test performed on residual material from liquid-based Pap tests. Of 735 women, 254 had HR-HPV testing, and of these 144 had positive HR-HPV results. Among women with positive HR-HPV results 79 underwent biopsy (54.9%) and 11 had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3 (13.9% of women with biopsy follow-up). A total of 481 women did not undergo HR-HPV testing, of whom 192 underwent biopsy (39.9%) and 11 had CIN 2 or 3 (5.7% of biopsied women [P = 0.04]). Among women who tested negative for HR-HPV and had follow-up biopsies, only one had a high grade lesion found (CIN 2). The overall HR-HPV positive rate in tested women >or=30 years old with LSIL was 56.7% if women who had reflex HR-HPV testing for ASC-US are included. The HR-HPV positive rate in residual material from Pap tests interpreted as LSIL was 63.8%. Among women >or=30 years of age with LSIL, CIN 2-3 is significantly more likely in HR-HPV positive women. Relatively few older women with LSIL test positive for HR-HPV. Colposcopy triage using HR-HPV may be justified in this population.
Nutraceuticals: do they work and when should we use them?

There are numerous biological mechanisms by which nutritional factors might be expected to exert favorable influences on pathophysiological processes in osteoarthritis. Such processes include oxidative damage, cartilage matrix degradation and repair, and chondrocyte function and responses in adjacent bone. Micronutrients for which preliminary evidence of benefit exists include vitamin C and vitamin D. In addition, numerous nutraceuticals that may influence osteoarthritis pathophysiology—including glucosamine, chondroitin, S-adenosylmethionine, ginger and avocado/soybean unsaponifiables—have been tested in clinical trials. These products are safe and well tolerated, but interpretation of the collective results is hampered by heterogeneity of the studies, inconsistent results, and the conundrum of how to reconcile an apparent structural benefit with absence or modest effect on symptoms.
Intrabolus pressure on high-resolution manometry distinguishes fibrostenotic and inflammatory phenotypes of eosinophilic esophagitis

Summary The aim of this investigation was to determine the motility patterns of inflammatory and fibrostenotic phenotypes of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) utilizing high-resolution manometry (HRM). Twenty-nine patients with a confirmed diagnosis of EoE according to clinicopathological criteria currently being managed at the Joy McCann Culverhouse Swallowing Center at the University of South Florida were included in the retrospective analysis. Only patients who completed HRM studies were included in the analysis. Patients were classified into inflammatory or fibrostenotic subtypes based on baseline endoscopic evidence. Their baseline HRM studies prior to therapy were analyzed. Manometric data including distal contractile integral, integrated relaxation pressure, and intrabolus pressure (IBP) values were recorded. HRM results were interpreted according to the Chicago Classification system. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (Version 22, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Data were compared utilizing Student's t-test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation, and Spearman correlation tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. A total of 29 patients with EoE were included into the retrospective analysis. The overall average age among patients was 40 years. Male patients comprised 62% of the overall population. Both groups were similar in age, gender, and overall clinical presentation. Seventeen patients (58%) had fibrostenotic disease, and 12 (42%) displayed inflammatory disease. The average IBP for the fibrostenotic and inflammatory groups were 18.6 ± 6.0 mmHg and 12.6 ± 3.5 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05). Strictures were only seen in the fibrostenotic group. Of the fibrostenotic group, 6 (35%) demonstrated proximal esophageal strictures, 7 (41%) had distal strictures, 3 (18%) had mid-esophageal strictures, and 1 (6%) patient had pan-esophageal strictures. There was no statistically significant correlation between the level of esophageal stricture and degree of IBP. Integrated relaxation pressure, distal contractile integral, and other HRM metrics did not demonstrate statistical significance between the two subtypes. There also appeared no statistically significant correlation between patient demographics and esophageal metrics. Patients with the fibrostenotic phenotype of EoE demonstrated an IBP that was significantly higher than that of the inflammatory group.
Motivations for Unreciprocated Love

Consistent with a mini-theory of motivational factors in unreciprocated love, (a) perceived potential value of a relationship with another; perceived probability of such a relationship; and desirability of the state of being in love with this other, even if it is unreciprocated, were each significantly and independently predictive of reported intensity of unreciprocated love; (b) incidence of unreciprocated love was greatest for those whose self-reported attachment style was anxious/ambivalent; and (c) perceived potential value of the relationship was most predictive of intensity for anxious/ambivalents and perceived desirability of the state was most predictive of intensity for avoidants. Findings are based on structural equation modeling analyses of questionnaire responses from a moderately large sample of U.S. undergraduates and were not qualified by gender.
AN INTEGRATED TIME-VARYING AIRWAKE IN A UH-60 BLACK HAWK SHIPBOARD LANDING SIMULATION

A non-stationary (time-varying) ship airwake model developed using computational fluid dynamics techniques was implemented in a blade-element model of a helicopter in order to represent the complex interactions between the rotorcraft and the turbulent field. The integrated simulation was used to simulate shipboard landings in varying wind and sea conditions at the Vertical Motion Simulator facility at NASAAmes Research Center.