cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
M3RSM: Many-to-many multi-resolution scan matching

We describe a new multi-resolution scan matching method that makes exhaustive (and thus local-minimum-proof) matching practical, even for large positional uncertainties. Unlike earlier multi-resolution methods, in which putative matches at low-resolutions can lead the matcher to an incorrect solution, our method generates exactly the same answer as a brute-force full-resolution method. We provide a proof of this. Novelly, our method allows decimation of both the look-up table and in the point cloud, yielding a 10x speedup versus contemporary correlative methods. When a robot closes a large-scale loop, it must often consider many loop-closure candidates. In this paper, we describe an approach for posing a scan matching query over these candidates jointly, finding the best match(es) between a particular pose and a set of candidate poses (“one-to-many”), or the best match between two sets of poses (“many-to-many”). This mode of operation finds the first loop closure as much as 45x faster than traditional “one-to-one” scan matching.
Net community production rates across the subtropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean estimated from air‐sea δ13C disequilibrium

[1] Rates of net community production (NCP) in the mixed layer were estimated using measurements of the 13C/12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface waters of the subtropical and equatorial Pacific Ocean on samples collected during nine container ship cruises between California and Australia in 2004–2005. The rate of NCP in the surface mixed layer was determined from the magnitude of the air-sea δ13C disequilibrium using mixed layer DIC and DIC13 budgets. The estimated NCP rates between 30°N and 30°S varied from 1.9 to 3.9 mols C m−2 a−1 with a mean value of 2.9 ± 0.8 mols C m−2 a−1. NCP rates in the equatorial ocean (3.4 ± 0.6 mols C m−2 a−1) were higher than in subtropical gyres (2.6 ± 0.6 mols C m−2 a−1). These rates of NCP were significantly higher than NCP rates previously estimated from DIC drawdown and satellite algorithms of productivity but consistent with NCP estimates from oxygen budgets and inverse models. In this region of the Pacific Ocean the estimated NCP rate was 3.6 Pg C a−1.
Effect of draw ratio on the structure of aromatic copolyimide fibers of random monomer sequence

X-ray methods have been used to investigate the structure of fibers of aromatic copolyimides prepared from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), o-tolidine (OTOL) and p-phenylene diamine (PPD). We have shown previously that the non-periodic layer lines in the X-ray fiber diagrams of these copolymers are indicative of a random comonomer sequence. In the present paper, we analyze the shifts in the layer line positions that occur with increasing draw ratio. These changes are to be understood primarily in terms of increases in the correlation lengths for the stiff chain conformation. At high draw ratios there is also evidence for the development of a more extended chain conformation, probably due to torsional variation changes in the torsion angles. It is shown that the data are sufficiently sensitive to allow quantitative analysis of these separate effects, and their dependence on comonomer ratio.
Assessment and Identification of African-American Learners with Gifts and Talents

This article presents a schema designed to guide the development of theory, methodology, and research related to the psychoeducational assessment of African-American learners with gifts and talents. The relationships among African-American worldviews, needed psychoeducational assessment theory and methodology, and desirable assessment and identification instruments and practices are explored. Assessment paradigms, instruments, and practices most reliable and valid for identifying gifts and talents among African-American learners are offered.
Mast Cell Tumors: Dilemmas of Diagnosis and Treatment

Making the most appropriate choices for diagnosis and treatment of canine and feline mast cell tumors remains challenging. An understanding of the heterogeneity of the disease process, the associated paraneoplastic disorders, and the known prognostic indicators can be helpful in making rational decisions regarding each individual case. A multimodality approach may be needed for optimal care of some patients, but the effectiveness of current medical treatment strategies continues to limit our ability to cure disseminated forms of disease.
Professors’ Experiences With Student Disclosures of Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence: How "Helping" Students Can Inform Teaching Practices

As female faculty teaching classes on sensitive topics (e.g., Family Violence, Women and Crime, Victimology), we have received numerous disclosures of sexual assault and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization from our students both in and outside the classroom. These experiences have caused each of us to reflect on our teaching practices within the classroom. When college professors receive disclosures from their students they have to develop strategies on how to effectively handle the disclosure, how to manage the classroom environment and assignments knowing that a survivor is in the course, and how to effectively handle their own emotional impact that may result from the disclosure. This paper explores the strategies that faculty report using when responding to disclosures by students and how receiving student disclosures can be used to inform teaching practices.
Evaluation of pulmonary vein stenosis by transesophageal echocardiography.

Pulmonary vein stenosis was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography in five patients who underwent the study for different clinical indications. Stenosis was encountered in the right upper pulmonary vein in two patients, the right lower pulmonary vein in two patients, and at the confluence of the left pulmonary veins in one patient. In only one patient was the diagnosis suspected on transthoracic echocardiography. Contralateral normal veins from the same patient served as the control. Vessel diameter and peak flow velocity were measured and compared. The diameter of the stenosed veins ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 cm (mean 0.4±0.09 cm [SEM]), whereas for normal veins the diameter was 0.9 to 1.2 cm (mean 1.0±0.05 cm [SEM]; p p R =0.89; p
Cost-effectiveness of fetal lung maturity testing in preterm labor.

Objective To determine the marginal cost-effectiveness of two strategies for preventing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) resulting from preterm birth: 1) tocolysis with beta-mimetic agonists and treatment with corlicosteroids (TREATALL), and 2) amniocentesis and testing for fetal lung maturity, with treatment based on test results (TESTALL), compared with no treatment. Methods We used a Markov decision analytic model to estimate the outcomes of each strategy, from a hospitalbased perspective. Probability variables were obtained from the literature, whereas cost variables came from the Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center. Sensitivity analysis was performed on all variables. Results The most cost-effective strategy varied with the probability of RDS. TREATALL was the most cost-effective strategy above a probability of 17% (before 34 weeks' gestation), TESTALL was most cost-effective from 17% to 2% (34–36 weeks), and it was most cost-effective to use no treatment at probabilities less than 2% (after 36 weeks). TREATALL and TESTALL were both cost-saving compared with no treatment at probabilities of RDS above 2%. TREATALL was more highly favored as the costs of RDS and preterm birth increased, whereas TESTALL was more favored as the specificity of the test and the cost of maternal hospitalization increased. Conclusion Although testing for fetal lung maturity is useful in many clinical situations, the cost-effectiveness of such testing in the setting of idiopathic preterm labor from a tertiary medical center perspective depends primarily on the probability and costs of RDS and the costs of non-RDS-related morbidity. At our institution, such testing is costeffective between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation.
The Participation Divide Among “Online Experts”: Experience, Skills and Psychological Factors as Predictors of College Students' Web Content Creation

This study explored factors that predict online content creation among college students. A Web-based survey revealed that there are differences by gender, race, and age even among this wired group. Drawing from literature on technology adoption, the digital divide, and self-determination theory, this study found that psychological factors–perceived competence and both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations–predict content creation. Among the experience variables, having a computer in the students' own room is associated with content creation when controlling for all other factors. The gender divide disappears when experience, skills, perceived competence, and intrinsic motivation are considered. Finally, a new racial gap emerged; whites are less likely than minorities to participate in the Web even after controlling for all other variables. An earlier version of this paper received an award in the Jung-Sook Lee Student Paper Competition of the Communication and Technology Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication annual conference, Boston, August, 2009. The author would like to thank Sebastian Valenzuela and Dr. Paula Poindexter for their helpful comments.
Improving Energy Performance and Indoor Air Quality in Laboratory Buildings Using an Innovative Air Handling Unit System

The Laboratory Air Handling Unit (LAHU) system is developed to improve building energy performance and indoor air quality (IAQ) in laboratory buildings. The LAHU system sends more (up to 100%) outside air to the office section first and re-circulates the office section air to the laboratory section. The theoretical model analysis shows that the LAHU system improves office section indoor air quality, uses less outside air during hot and cold weathers, and consumes significantly less thermal energy. The optimal control of outside air intake to office section maximizes IAQ improvement and thermal energy savings.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Superplastic flow and failure in a fine-grained 7475 al alloy

Abstract An elongation of 907% has been achieved in a fine-grained superplastic 7475E Al alloy by deformation at 517 °C at a strain rate of 2 × 10 −4 s −1 . Appreciable grain growth was evident only after an elongation of 500% was exceeded thereby inducing localization of necking. A considerable amount of dislocation-particle interactions has been observed during superplastic deformation. The combined effect of grain growth, localized necking, and dislocation-particle interactions leads to the nucleation and subsequent growth of cavities.
Critical factors affecting thermal cracking of asphalt pavements: towards a comprehensive specification

Thermal cracking remains one of the most challenging distresses to predict and reduce in pavements constructed in cold regions. The research community after more than 40 years of extensive research has gained significant understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting this distress. Current specifications and testing methods used for the selection of materials are a good starting point for the minimisation of this distress. However, there are critical factors and properties not addressed in current specifications that if considered could further improve the performance of asphalt pavements to thermal loading. This paper provides a critical review of the main factors affecting low-temperature cracking and the current analyses and testing methods used for the design. Analysis of thermo-volumetric and fracture properties from a multi-scale perspective (i.e. Binder→Mastic→Mixture) is used to suggest the addition of key performance parameters that can complement current specification parameters (e.g. S a...
Mössbauer studies of americium compounds

Abstract Mossbauer studies of several compounds of Am were made with 243Pu as a source and 243Am as an absorber. Isomer shifts, line widths, and resonance intensities were measured with various sources and absorbers for recoiless emission of the 84-keV γ-ray of 243Am. The pentavalent Am compounds KAmO2CO3 and KAmO2F2 gave five-peak absorption spectra attributable to electric hyperfine interaction. A complex spectrum, interpreted as a result of magnetic hyperfine interaction, was also observed for the system PuFe2/AmO2. The changes in isomer shifts with the Am oxidation state are attributed to increases in the electron density in the region of the nucleus caused by removal of 5f electrons, and consequently, an increase in the effective Coulombic nuclear attraction for the outer s and p electrons.
On Technology Transfer

I agree with the editors of this series that technology transfer from academia occurs in a variety of ways with different tradeoffs. I describe, to the best of my recollection, some of my experiences with ideas that originated or were described in academic papers, from Deficit Round Robin to Conga.
Monolithically integrated resonant-cavity photodetectors for measurement and feedback control of spontaneous and stimulated emission

This paper presents a study of the physics and applications of resonant cavity pin photodetectors strategically positioned within the optical structure of vertical microcavity surface emitting devices. Conventional AlGaAs resonant cavity light-emitting diodes and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting near 780 nm are examined. However, the structures include resonant cavity detectors placed within the upper or lower distributed Bragg reflectors. The detectors consist of an undoped quantum well absorbing layer positioned at an antinode of the resonant standing wave.A classical model is developed to examine the detector's spectral responsivity. This embedded detector scheme provides an effective means for studying the spontaneous and stimulated emission components of microcavity light emitting devices. The photocurrent from the intracavity detector is proportional to the microcavity output power over a broad emission range. This is especially useful for the control of VCSEL output power by means of a feedback circuit.
Formic Acid Modified Ti(OCHMe(2))(4). Syntheses, Characterization, and X-ray Structures of Ti(4)(m(4)-O)(m-O)(OFc)(2)(m-OR)(4)(OR)(6) and Ti(6)(m(3)-O)(6)(OFc)(6)(OR)(6) (OFc = O(2)CH; OR = OCHMe(2)).

Novel structural arrangements for carboxylic acid modified titanium alkoxides were obtained from stoichiometric reactions between titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OPr(i))(4)) and formic acid (HOFc). The 1:1 reaction in toluene forms the tetranuclear species Ti(4)O(2)(OFc)(2)(OPr(i))(10), 1. The structure of 1 was solved in the triclinic space group Po with a = 13.034(3) A, b = 13.467(2) A, c = 13.996(2) A, alpha = 98.79(1) degrees, beta = 104.68(2) degrees, and gamma = 97.82(2) degrees for Z = 2. The general structure of 1 resembles two face-shared [Ti-O](4) cubes with one set of mirror-related titanium atoms removed. The oxygen atoms are represented by one m(4)-O, one m-O, and four m-OR ligands, with the remaining sites filled by two OFc ligands and six terminal alkoxides. Increasing the stoichiometry to 1:2 (Ti/HOFc) leads to the isolation of Ti(6)O(6)(OFc)(6)(OR)(6), 2. The structure of 2 was solved in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 8.968(2) A, b = 26.520(4) A, c = 20.046(2) A, and beta = 93.19(1) degrees for Z = 4. The structure of 2 consists of two offset six-membered [Ti-(m(3)-O)](3) rings joined through Ti-O bonds. The OFc ligands are arranged externally around the central hexagon-prism, oscillating between the top and bottom rings. Compound 1 adopts a very symmetrical arrangement in solution due to the labile OFc ligands and was found to undergo "aging" by a trans-esterification mechanism, the rate of which is enhanced by heating. Compound 2 maintains its solid-state structure in solution.
Reasons for Not Reporting Victimizations to the Police: Do They Vary for Physical and Sexual Incidents?

Victimization is a significant problem among college students, but it is less likely to be reported to the police than are victimizations in the general population. Objective: In this study, the authors examined (1) whether reasons for not reporting varied by type of victimization (sexual or physical) and (2) victim-, offender-, and incident-related predictors of these reasons. Participants: To address these objectives, the authors used data collected from 492 female college students. Methods: The authors recruited women via flyers placed around campus that asked them to come to the student health center to complete anonymous surveys. Results: Findings from within-subject analyses indicated that women were more likely to cite the following reasons for not reporting a sexual rather than a physical victimization: the incident would be viewed as their fault, they were ashamed, they did not want anyone to know about the incident, or they did not want the police involved. Results from logistic regression analy...
The β-glucosidase system of the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophile var. Coprophile n. var.

Abstract Chaetomium thermophile contains three distinct β-glucosidases. Two of the enzymes are cell bound while the third is extracellular. On the basis of relative substrate specificities toward p- nitrophenyl -β- d -glucoside and cellobiose, one of the cell-bound enzymes is classified as a cellobiase while the other two enzymes are classified as aryl-β- d -glucosidases. The enzymes were partially purified and characterized with respect to temperature stability and certain kinetic parameters. The enzymes exhibit greater temperature stability than analogous enzymes from mesophilic fungi. Cellobiose and cellolose are induceers of the cellobiase but not of the aryl-β-glucosidases. Inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) and of metabolism (azide, dinitrophenol) prevent the induction of cellobiase. When the mycelia are grown on starch medium, all three β-glucosidase activities undergo large increases after the exponential growth phase.
ACTION OF RIBONUCLEASE UPON THE POLYSOMES OF CULTURED MOUSE CELLS

Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) and3H-uridine were used to study certain compositional and ontogenetic features of the polysomes of strain L mouse cells. Growing cells were exposed to the radioactive nucleoside,3H-uridine, for brief defined periods, and the sensitivity of the polysomes to digestion by RNase was determined. The RNase-resistant RNA of polysomes is shown to be primarily ribosomal, and the RNase-sensitive material formed during brief pulse labeling studies is largely messenger RNA. Actinomycin D inhibition of RNA synthesis was used to confirm this identification.
Hydrophobic Aerosils as Dry Coating Agents for Sustained-Release Formulations

AbstractAn innovative and simple dry coating process for formulation of oral sustainedrelease dosage forms was developed. A hydrophobic aerosil (Aerosil® R972) was investigated as a dry coating agent. Aerosil® R972 particles adhered to the surface of acetaminophen particles upon dry coating. The release rate of the drug decreased with increased concentrations of aerosil. The release of acetaminophen from dry coated mixtures in capsules followed a square root of time release for the first 2 hours followed by zero-order release. A first-order relationship was found between the release rate and concentration of Aerosil® R972 in dry coated mixtures.
Intersecting Narratives: Enjoying Daytime Drama as Viewers (and Actors) Experience the Days of Their Lives

In this article, I advance an explanation to account for the exceptionally vested nature of soap opera viewers in “their stories.” After reviewing relevant literature on soap operas and fan contemporary media, I highlight the complex, co-constructed narrative intersections that contribute to powerful and multilayered experiences related to daytime dramas. In particular, I contend that soap operas matter to viewers because the multigenerational nature of audiences and mediated texts foster interconnections between viewer and textual narratives. Second, I argue that soap operas resonate so deeply with viewers due to increasingly blurred boundaries between ever-emergent personal, public, and mediated narratives. As such, the crossing of these narrative paths over time necessarily results in the very real and powerful interrelationships between the show, viewers, and actors in each other's emergent life narratives.
Interleukin-3 Induces the Phosphorylation of a Distinct Fraction of Bcl-2

Bcl-2-related proteins (i.e. Bcl-2 and Bax) regulate the effector stage of apoptosis and can modulate the entry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 is presumed to modify its apoptosis-inhibitory function. By utilizing an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent hematopoietic cell line, we examined the structural requirements of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and the correlation of this post-translational modification with its function. In the presence of IL-3, constitutively expressed Bcl-2 was phosphorylated on serine residue(s), and phosphorylated Bcl-2 lost its capacity to heterodimerize with Bax. Whereas the majority of Bcl-2 resided in mitochondria, phosphorylation only affected a minor pool of total Bcl-2 that selectively partitioned into a soluble fraction. Cytosolic targeting of Bcl-2 greatly increased its ratio of phosphorylation. Bcl-2 phosphorylation was reduced during IL-3 deprivation, and its phosphorylation was also delayed after transient cytokine deprivation. This pattern of phosphorylation temporally correlated with the accelerated exit and delayed reentry of Bcl-2-expressing cells into the cell cycle upon transient IL-3 deprivation and subsequent cytokine restimulation. Thus, IL-3-induced phosphorylation of a distinct pool of Bcl-2 may contribute to the inactivation of its antiproliferative function.
Modeling Aerodynamically Generated Sound: Recent Advances in Rotor Noise Prediction

A great deal of progress has been made in the modeling of aerodynamically generated sound for rotors over the past decade. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation has been the foundation for much of the development. Both subsonic and supersonic quadrupole noise formulations have been developed for the prediction of high-speed impulsive noise. In an effort to eliminate the need to compute the quadrupole contribution, the FW-H has also been utilized on permeable surfaces surrounding all physical noise sources. Comparison of the Kirchhoff formulation for moving surfaces with the FW-H equation have shown that the Kirchhoff formulation for moving surfaces can give erroneous results for aeroacoustic problems.
The genetics of scleroderma: looking into the postgenomic era

Purpose of reviewThe last decade has seen enormous progress in understanding genetic associations of systemic sclerosis to explain the observed heritability. This review highlights the most recent findings and places them in the context of proposed functional roles.Recent findingsOver 30 genes and g
Speciation in an Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito: Enzyme Polymorphism and the Genetic Structure of Populations

A study of enzyme variability was undertaken with the objective of measuring the level of genetic polymorphism in the mosquito Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, with emphasis on the extent of genetic differentiation between two forms previously identified on the basis of mating compatibility. Allele and genotype frequencies were measured at 20 enzyme loci. Genotype frequencies at eight loci showed a significant deficiency of heterozygotes in four of the 10 populations studied. The IDH loci were identified as being diagnostic for the two forms and so were used to assemble gene frequency data in discrete populations. Values for genetic distance between the forms were consistent with values previously published for sibling species in the genus Anopheles , suggesting the existence of at least two sympatric sibling species. Measurements of genetic variability and the allelic composition of the two forms suggest that one may represent the ancestral form, the other recently derived from it through a process involving a significant loss of genetic variability.
Effect of the pressure on pre-column sample dispersion theory, experiments, and practical consequences

The effect of the pressure on the dispersion of a low molecular weight compound along 0.508 and 1.016 mm i.d. × 50 cm long open circular tubes was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical predictions were based on the early models of dispersion derived by Aris and Taylor (1953) and on the approximate model of Alizadeh for the time moments (1980). Experimentally, the system pressure was increased at constant flow rate (0.15 mL/min) from less than 20 to nearly 1,000 bar by using a series of capillary tubes (25 μm i.d. PEEKSIL tubes) of increasing flow resistances placed upstream the detection cell of a commercial very high pressure liquid chromatograph (vHPLC) but downstream the 50 cm long tube. Theoretical and experimental results agree that the peak variance increases linearly with increasing pressure in the tube volume. The relative increase of the peak variance is 7% above that measured at low pressure (<20 bar) for each 100 bar increment in the tube volume. This result confirms that accurate measurements of the column efficiency corrected for extra-column contribution cannot be made by replacing the column with a zero dead volume union connector, because the pressures applied in the pre-column volume are significantly different in these two cases. This work shows also that increasing the pressure in the pre-column volume by increasing the flow rate affects the apparent column efficiency that is measured, independently of the direct effect of the flow rate. For a 2.1 × 50mm column packed with 1.3 μm core-shell particles run with a classic Acquity system, the associated relative decreases of the column efficiency are expected to be -30%, -20%, and -5% for retention factors of 1, 3, and 10, respectively. The column HETP is no longer independent of its length.
Aberrant regulation of the BST2 (Tetherin) promoter enhances cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion in high grade breast cancer cells.

Normal cellular phenotypes that serve an oncogenic function during tumorigenesis are potential candidates for cancer targeting drugs. Within a subset of invasive primary breast carcinoma, we observed relatively abundant expression of Tetherin, a cell surface protein encoded by the Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen (BST2) known to play an inhibitory role in viral release from infected immune cells of the host. Using breast cancer cell lines derived from low and intermediate histopathologic grade invasive primary tumors that maintain growth-suppressive TGFβ signaling, we demonstrate that BST2 is negatively regulated by the TGFβ axis in epithelial cells. Binding of the transcription factor AP2 to the BST2 promoter was attenuated by inhibition of the TGFβ pathway thereby increasing BST2 expression in tumor cells. In contrast, inherent TGFβ resistance characteristic of high grade breast tumors is a key factor underlying compromised BST2 regulation, and consequently its constitutive overexpression relative to non-malignant breast epithelium, and to most low and intermediate grade cancer cells. In both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional growth conditions, BST2-silenced tumor cells displayed an enhancement in tamoxifen or staurosporine-induced apoptotic cell death together with a reduction in the S-phase fraction compared to BST2 overexpressing counterparts. In a subset of breast cancer patients treated with pro apoptotic hormonal therapy, BST2 expression correlated with a trend for poor clinical outcome, further supporting its role in conferring an anti apoptotic phenotype. Similar to the effects of gene manipulation, declining levels of endogenous BST2 induced by the phytoalexin – resveratrol, restored apoptotic function, and curbed cell proliferation. We provide evidence for a direct approach that diminishes aberrant BST2 expression in cancer cells as an early targeting strategy to assist in surmounting resistance to pro apoptotic therapies.
High-Resolution Electrocardiography

High-resolution electrocardiography, often referred to as signal averaged electrocardiography (SAECG), has clinical utility in human medicine for detecting ventricular late potentials (LP) as predictors of future arrhythmic events, specifically reentrant type of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Time-domain analysis of the SAECG is conceptually similar to standard ECG analysis, but the primary objective is to detect LP, the marker for reentrant path-ways within the myocardium. Frequency-domain analysis is investigational but provides the same information as time-domain analysis and both methods of analysis have limitations. The presence of LP has been associated with the ability to induce VT, unexplained syncope, and sudden arrhythmic death. Some cardiomyopathic dogs with VT have SAECG that appear to contain LP, and sudden death has occurred in these dogs.
Gesture Recognition Research Based on Kinect

With the constant progress of science and technology and the popularity of computer, the human-computer interaction way, tends to be diversified. From the traditional keyboard, graphical user interface (GUI), tablets of handwritten Chinese characters to the recent hot speech recognition, gesture of somatosensory peripherals. Undoubtedly, the human-computer interaction way trends to be more nature and convenience. Gestures with the characteristics of intuition and naturalness have become an important means of human-computer interaction. It got rid of the bondage of traditional keyboard, mouse and so on, more in line with the habit of human beings, therefore has very broad application prospects. In this paper, gesture recognition is also chosen as the research subject.
Coordinated system of processing gift or exchange serials at the University of Utah library

Abstract The process of acquiring a gift or exchange publication and successfully including it in a library's records requires coordination among three library services—the subject specialist. Gifts and Exchanges personnel, and Serials Division staff. The paper presented here outlines the process of “setting up” from the time it is initiated by the subject specialist until the time it is recorded in the Public Serials List.
Mammary carcinoma regression induced by perillyl alcohol, a hydroxylated analog of limonene

The monoterpene perillyl alcohol has been shown to induce the regression of 81% of small mammary carcinomas and up to 75% of advanced mammary carcinomas initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in the Wistar-Furth rat. Dietary perillyl alcohol was greater than 5 times more potent than the monoterpene limonene at inducing tumor regression. Perilly alcohol is rapidly metabolized in the rat, as is limonene. Rats chronically fed perillyl alcohol had the same circulating plasma metabolites as rats fed limonene; however, the levels of these metabolites found in the plasma were higher for perillyl alcohol-fed rats. For example, rats given a 2% perillyl alcohol diet for 10 weeks had plasma levels of terpene metabolites of 0.82 mM whereas those fed a 10% limonene diet for the same period had blood levels of 0.27 mM. It thus appears that the increased potency of perillyl alcohol over limonene in causing tumor regression may be dee at least in part to differences in the pharmacokinetics of these two monoterpenes. We feel that perillyl alcohol is a good candidate for clinical testing of anticancer efficacy in humans.
Effects of perchlorate exposure on resting metabolism, peak metabolism, and thyroid function in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)

Perchlorate, the oxidizer component in most solid rocket propellant formulations, is known to inhibit the uptake of iodide into the thyroid gland, thereby reducing production of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine (T4). Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism in endothermic organisms and are responsible for maintenance of homeothermic body temperatures. Little is known about the effects of perchlorate on metabolic capacity. The objectives of the present study were to determine if subchronic (51 d; 0, 1, and 10 mg/kg/d) and chronic (180 d; 0.75 mg/kg/d) perchlorate exposure in adult male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) would alter resting metabolic rates as a result of decreased circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and to determine if perchlorate exposure disrupts thermogenesis in mammals exposed to cold stress. Voles exposed to perchlorate for 51 or 180 d experienced no significant alterations in resting metabolic rates at any point during the exposure period. Additionally, the treatment had no effect on peak metabolic rates or plasma thyroid hormone concentrations. However, thyroid gland T4 concentrations were significantly lower in perchlorate-exposed voles than in controls, indicating that thyroid gland T4 content may be a more sensitive endpoint than other thyroid variables for assessing perchlorate exposure. Overall, the present study did not provide evidence for energetic alterations associated with perchlorate exposure at concentrations that are higher than those typically found in groundwater or surface water in the environment.
Impact of Pharyngeal Closure Technique on Fistula After Salvage Laryngectomy

Importance No consensus exists as to the best technique, or techniques, to optimize wound healing, decrease pharyngocutaneous fistula formation, and shorten both hospital length of stay and time to initiation of oral intake after salvage laryngectomy. We sought to combine the recent experience of multiple high-volume institutions, with different reconstructive preferences, in the management of pharyngeal closure technique for post–radiation therapy salvage total laryngectomy in an effort to bring clarity to this clinical challenge. Objective To determine if the use of vascularized flaps in either an onlay or interposed fashion reduces the incidence or duration of pharyngocutaneous fistula after salvage laryngectomy compared with simple primary closure of the pharynx. Design Multi-institutional retrospective review of all patients undergoing total laryngectomy after having received definitive radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy between January 2005 and January 2012, conducted at 7 academic medical centers. Setting Academic, tertiary referral centers. Patients The study population comprised 359 patients from 8 institutions. All patients had a history of laryngeal irradiation and underwent laryngectomy between 2005 and 2012. They were grouped as primary closure, pectoralis myofascial onlay flap, or interposed free tissue. All patients had a minimum of 4 months follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures Fistula incidence, severity, and predictors of fistula. Results Of the 359 patients, fistula occurred in 94 (27%). For patients with fistula, hospital stay increased from 8.9 to 12.1 days ( P P P = .07). Incidence of fistula was the lowest for the pectoralis onlay group at 15% ( P = .02). Multivariate analysis confirmed a significantly lower fistula rate with either flap technique. For patients who developed fistula, mean duration of fistula was significantly prolonged with primary closure (14.0 weeks) compared with pectoralis flap (9.0 weeks) and free flap (6.5 weeks). Conclusions and Relevance Pharyngocutaneous fistula remains a significant problem following salvage laryngectomy. Use of nonirradiated, vascularized flaps reduced the incidence and duration of fistula and should be considered during salvage laryngectomy.
An in vitro method for screening for the presence of thepat-2 gene in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).

Under field conditions,pat-2, the gene which conditions parthenocarpy in tomatoes, is recessive. A simple method has been devised for distinguishing the heterozygote from the two homozygotes using tissue culture. Ovaries of plants segregating for thepat-2 gene were excised and cultured on a medium containing 100 ppm gibberellic acid. After three weeks in culture, three distinct ovary sizes could be seen. It was shown, using F3 progeny tests, that the largest ovaries corresponded to those plants homozygous for thepat-2 gene, the smallest ovaries corresponded to those plants homozygous for the wild type allele, and the intermediate sized ovaries were the heterozygotes. The ability to identify the heterozygote would greatly simplify a backcross breeding program aimed at incorporating thepat-2 gene into commercial cultivars by eliminating the need for an F3 progeny test to determine the genotype of a plant.
Evangelicals Within Contemporary American Politics: Differentiating Between Fundamentalist and Non-Fundamentalist Evangelicals

VER the past decade, political analysts have given renewed attention to the role of religion in American politics. One facet of this renewed attention has been an increased focus upon the political nature and electoral importance of American evangelical Christians. In fact, over the past several years, a great number of studies have emerged on the role of evangelicals in American politics (e.g., Lipset and Raab 1981; Fairbanks 1981; Guth 1981; Patel at al. 1982; Lienesch 1982, Johnson and Tawney 1982; Smidt 1983a, 1986, 1987; Kellstedt 1984, 1986; Woodard 1986). However, while the evangelical movement has "captured" both public and scholarly attention, analysts have frequently been insensitive to important differences within that movement. While knowledgeable observers have recognized the tremendous diversity within evangelicalism (e.g., Quebedeaux 1974; Webber 1978; Fowler 1982), evangelicals have usually been treated as an undifferentiated mass. Such a lack of differentiation may well lead to imprecise, misleading, or erroneous assessments of both the political characteristics and importance of the evangelical movement and the way in which evangelicals may be tied to political changes occurring within American politics today. One of the most important distinctions within the ranks of evangelicals today is that between fundamentalist and non-fundamentalist evangelicals. Because certain differences between the two groups are more a matter of degree and emphasis than absolute in nature, the exact lines separating fundamentalist and non-fundamentalist evangelicals are not always totally precise. Nevertheless, broadly speaking, fundamentalism tends to represent a distinct, more extreme, form of evangelicalism. Consequently, while all fundamentalists are evangelicals, not all evangelicals are necessarily fundamentalist (Reichley 1985: 312).
The Difficulty of Making Psychology Research and Clinical Practice Relevant to Medicine: Experiences and Observations

Psychology and medicine research and practice have demonstrated substantial and unique bodies of knowledge designed to both improve patient care and respond to contemporary health care needs for use of evidence and cost consciousness. At their full potential they represent a significant paradigm shift in healthcare. Despite impressive successes, it is clear that we are just on the cusp of such a change. These findings have had limited impact and penetration into medical practice, particularly outside of academic medicine and large, organized systems of health care, and there are multiple examples of such limitations in various arenas of health care. There also appear to be common themes to such examples which provide us opportunities to consider how psychologists might move things ahead. They also suggest how our unique position in academic medicine can both limit our impact and provide ways of creating continued shifts in the healthcare paradigm.
Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer

Classic as well as more recent large-scale genomic analyses have uncovered multiple genes and pathways important for bladder cancer development. Genes involved in cell-cycle control, chromatin regulation, and receptor tyrosine and PI3 kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways are commonly mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expression-based analyses have identified distinct types of bladder cancer that are similar to subsets of breast cancer, and have prognostic and therapeutic significance. These observations are leading to novel therapeutic approaches in bladder cancer, providing optimism for therapeutic progress.
Different long-term effects of bilateral and unilateral nucleus basalis lesions on rat cerebral cortical neurotransmitter content

Young adult rats received either unilateral or bilateral ibotenic acid infusions in their nucleus basalis, destroying most of the cholinesterase-staining neurons in that region. Cerebral cortex levels of choline acetyltransferase, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, and monoamines were then assayed 2.5 and 10 months after bilateral lesions, or, 2.5, 10, and 14 months after unilateral lesions. Entorhinal and cerebral cortex levels of several amino acid transmitters were also measured. As expected, choline acetyltransferase activity was decreased in the frontal cortex ipsilateral to the ibotenic acid infusion in unilaterally or bilaterally lesioned animals. Parietal cortex concentrations of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y were altered by lesioning in a complicated, time-dependent manner. Thus, while unilateral lesions transiently decreased or had no effect on these neuropeptide levels, bilateral lesions elevated the level of each neuropeptide by over 100% at 10 months. Other cortical transmitter systems investigated appeared to be less affected by nucleus basalis-lesions. Unilateral lesions had no effect on prefrontal cortex norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine content at 14 months post-lesioning. These different neurochemical effects of unilateral and bilateral nucleus basalis lesions may be important for developing a model for the trans-synaptic effects of cortical cholinergic deafferentation.
Fine-needle aspiration of the breast: The outpatient management of breast lesions

Abstract Fine-needle aspiration of the breast has become a well-accepted diagnostic tool for the management of breast lesions. When employed on an ambulatory basis it is both accurate and cost-effective. This study of a series of patients managed over a 2-year period demonstrates the use of this technique in an ambulatory gynecologic practice. Results demonstrate this to be a very rapidly accomplished, effective procedure that is very well accepted by the patients. Results are generally available within 24 hours and permit both the physician and the patient to accurately predict the course of management: In addition, it allows the primary physician to accurately determine which patients will require in-hospital management and which may safely undergo ambulatory, office-based biopsy of solid lesions. Experience shows this to be a valuable diagnostic tool that can be safely utilized by the practicing gynecologist.
Alterations in estradiol metabolism in MCF-7 cells induced by treatment with indole-3-carbinol and related compounds

In mammals, estradiol (E2) metabolism primarily involves mutually exclusive hydroxylation at either C-2 or C-16 alpha. We have previously reported a consistent increase in the C-16 alpha hydroxylation activity in human breast cancer and in mouse strains with high levels of mammary tumors. Here we show that the dietary compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) increases C-2 hydroxylation five-fold in MCF-7 cells in culture but has minimal effect on the reaction at C-16 alpha. Because I3C-induced changes in E2 metabolism result in a metabolite ratio inverse to that observed in women with breast cancer we have separately examined whether this shift conferred an anti-tumorigenic advantage to estrogen target cells. The preferential changes induced by I3C on estradiol metabolism in MCF-7 cells parallel its anti-tumorigenicity in mice. These results suggest that changes in the metabolism of estradiol via the C-2 pathway might play a significant role in decreasing risk for breast cancer in women. Indole-2-carbinol is readily available as a chemical and as a dietary component of cruciferous vegetables. Feasible dietary changes show promise of having clinical utility in the prevention of breast cancer and other hormone-dependent cancers.
A Laboratory Study of the Interaction Between the Predatory Rotifer Asplanchna and Paramecium

The interaction between Asplanchna, predator, and Paramecium, prey, was studied in the laboratory using many experiments of short duration to insure maintenance of a uniform environment over a wide range of population densities. The results of the experiments were used to construct a vector map describing population changes. Regions of uniform vector direction were delineated to produce the isoclines of a graphical model formulated by Rosenzweig and MacArthur (1963). These isoclines were used to predict successfully the instability of this experimental interaction. The effect of time lag in predator response to changed food conditions was incorporated into the model. Time lag increases the instability of this interaction. The relationships between predator and prey and their physiologies determine the shapes of the isoclines. This analysis may be used to help explain other experimental results and naturally occuring situations. See full-text article at JSTOR
MODELING THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE FLOW BEHAVIOR OF SWEET POTATO PUREE

A study was conducted to investigate the Uect of temperature on viscosity of sweet potato (SP) puree. Rheological &ta of the puree were measured using a Bohlin VOR Rheometer. Shear rates employed ranged from 0.01-921 s-’. Them1 scans were run at 15, 25, 40, 60, 75, and 9oC. The puree exhibited “shear thinning ’’ behavior with a yield stress value of 10 Pa at each temperature tested. The characteristic of the jlow behavior of the puree was determined by fitting the experimental data to Herschel-Bulkley, Casson and Modified Casson models. The model with the best fit was then used to represent the combined effect of shear rate and temperature on the apparent viscosity of SPpuree in a model based upon the Modified Casson model. The model was validated using data for SP puree samples at 50C. Results showed that, within the experimental conditions used in this study, the model could adequately predict apparent viscosities of sweet potato puree processed at different temperatures.
Individual and Area Level Factors Associated with Prenatal, Delivery, and Postnatal Care in Pakistan

This research examines individual and area level factors associated with maternal health care utilization in Pakistan. The 2012–2013 Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys data was used to model five outcomes: prenatal care within the first trimester, four plus prenatal visits, birth attendance by a skilled attendant, birth in a medical facility, and receipt of postnatal care. Less than half of births were to mothers receiving prenatal care in the first trimester, and approximately 57 % had trained personnel at delivery. Over half were born to mothers who received postnatal care. Evidence was found to support the positive effect of individual level variables, education and wealth, on the utilization of maternal health care across all five measures. Although, this study did not find unilateral differences between women residing in rural and urban settings, rural women were found to have lower odds of utilizing prenatal services as compared to mothers in urban environments. Additionally, women who cited distance as a barrier, had lower odds of receiving postnatal health care, but still engaged in prenatal services and often had a skilled attendant present at delivery. The odds of utilizing prenatal care increased when women resided in an area where prenatal utilization was high, and this variability was found across measures across provinces. The results found in this paper highlight the uneven progress made around improving prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care in Pakistan; disparities persist which may be attributed to factors both at the individual and community level, but may be addressed through a consorted effort to change national policy around women’s health which should include the promotion of evidence based interventions such as incentivizing health care workers, promoting girls’ education, and improving transportation options for pregnant women and recent mothers with the intent of ultimately lowering the Maternal Mortality Rate as recommended in the U.N.’s Millennium Development Goal 5.