cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ozone production from wildfires: A critical review

Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) negatively impacts human health and ecosystems, and is a greenhouse gas. Wildfires are a source of tropospheric O3, and studies show that wildfires are increasing in North America. In this study, we present a critical review of O3 production from wildfires focusing on three key topics: the influence of wildfire emissions on O3 production; the influence of photochemistry on wildfire O3 production; and regulatory issues associated with wildfire O3 production in the United States. Observations of ΔO3/ΔCO range from approximately −0.1 to 0.9, and are caused by the interplay of numerous factors including fire emissions, efficiency of combustion, chemical and photochemical reactions, aerosol effects on chemistry and radiation, and local and downwind meteorological patterns. Using average ΔO3/ΔCO ratios for major biomes, we estimate global wildfires produce approximately 170 Tg of O3 per year, which is 3.5% of all global tropospheric O3 production. Areas of uncertainty in wildfire O3 production include the net effect of aerosols on chemical and photochemical reactions within a fire plume, the impact of oxygenated volatile organic compounds and nitrous acid on O3 production, and the interplay of variables that lead to extreme ΔO3/ΔCO values. Because wildfire frequencies are likely increasing and have been shown to contribute to elevated O3 at air quality monitoring sites, it is important to better understand the emissions, photochemistry and impacts of these fires.
Biological Origins of Communicator Style.

This research study compared identical and fraternal twins to determine if communicator style is inherited. Sixty‐two pairs of identical (MZ) twins and 42 pairs of fraternal (DZ) twins from about 20 U.S. states completed Norton's (1983) Communicator Style Measure and Buss and Plomin's (1984) Temperament Survey for Adults. Results supported predictable relationships between Temperament and Communicator Style. In addition, MZ twins' scores were more closely related than DZ twins’ scores on nearly every variable studied. Variables that were most likely to be inherited were sociability, activity, fearfulness, distress, anger, openness, relaxation, dominance, and communicator image.
THE LOCATION OF THE DIAMOND‐CUTTING INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT A primary factor in the initial establishment of the diamond trade in the Netherlands and Belgium was the religious toleration accorded Jews there from the fifteenth century onward. The policies of De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd., in the twentieth century, have controlled the sale of eighty percent of the world's uncut diamonds, thereby affecting the economic health of diamond centers everywhere. The growth of the diamond industry in Israel has resulted from government planning rather than from the traditional dominance of Jews in the diamond trade. Low labor costs in Israel and India might cause the industry to shift eastward, but automation of gempolishing, plus laboratory production of gem-quality diamonds in Europe and the United States will affect such a shift.
Heuristic algorithms for multiconstrained quality-of-service routing

Multiconstrained quality-of-service (QoS) routing deals with finding routes that satisfy multiple independent QoS constraints. This problem is NP-hard. In this paper, two heuristics, the limited granularity heuristic and the limited path heuristic, are investigated. Both heuristics extend the Bellman-Ford shortest path algorithm and solve general k-constrained QoS routing problems. Analytical and simulation studies are conducted to compare the time/space requirements of the heuristics and the effectiveness of the heuristics in finding paths that satisfy the QoS constraints. The major results of this paper are the following. For an N-nodes and E-edges network with k (a small constant) independent QoS constraints, the limited granularity heuristic must maintain a table of size O(|N|k- 1) in each node to be effective, which results in a time complexity of O (|N|K|E|); while the limited path heuristic can achieve very high performance by maintaining O (|N|2lg(|N|)) entries in each node. These results indicate that the limited path heuristic is relatively insensitive to the number of constraints and is superior to the limited granularity heuristic in solving k-constrained QoS routing problems when k > 3.
Nonexpanded coupled Hartree-Fock approach to evaluation of three-body induction energies

Abstract A method for the calculation of the nonexpanded three-body second- and third-order coupled Hartree-Fock induction energies is developed. Both the long-range multipolar contributions as well as the short-range penetration effects are taken into account. The latter are shown to be significant in certain cases. The relationship between perturbative induction energies and the supermolecule deformation energy is discussed. The equivalence of the two approaches is demonstrated in the region of small intermolecular overlap. Illustrative calculations are reported for (H 2 O) 3 and Ar 2 HCl.
Effect of Antibiotics, Synthetic Vitamins, Vitamin B12 and an APF Supplement on Chick Growth

Abstract Stokstad et al. (1949) reported that the animal protein factor was multiple in nature and evidence was presented showing that a whole fermented mash resulting from the growth of Streptomyces aureofaciens in deep aerobic culture contained an unidentified chick growth factor(s). Since the fermentation product Stokstad et al. employed was a whole mash it occurred to us that this material may have contained significant quantities of the antibiotic aureomycin which conceivably could have influenced growth in a profound manner. The concept of antibiotics playing a role in the growth effect was brought to mind by the report of Moore et al. (1946) who showed that the feeding of streptomycin or sulfasuxidine to chicks on purified diets resulted in greatly accelerated growth. The present study therefore was undertaken to determine the effect of antibiotics on chick growth and to ascertain whether such activity might explain, in part at least, the growth . . .
Realism and Anti-Realism about Science: A Pyrrhonian Stance

Pyrrhonists provide a way of investigating the world in which conflicting views about a given topic are critically compared, assessed, and juxtaposed. Since Pyrrhonists are ultimately unable to decide between these views, they end up suspending judgment about the issues under examination. In this paper, I consider the question of whether Pyrrhonists can be realists or anti-realists about science, focusing, in particular, on contemporary philosophical discussions about it. Although prima facie the answer seems to be negative, I argue that if realism and anti-realism are understood as philosophical stances rather than particular doctrines—that is, if they are conceptualized in terms of a mode of engagement, a style of reasoning, and some propositional attitudes—the apparent tension between Pyrrhonism, realism, and anti-realism vanishes. The result is a first step in the direction of bringing Pyrrhonism to bear on contemporary debates in the philosophy of science.
Static use-based object confinement

The confinement of object references is a significant security concern for modern programming languages. We define a language that serves as a uniform model for a variety of confined object reference systems. A use-based approach to confinement is adopted, which we argue is more expressive than previous communication-based approaches. We then develop a readable, expressive type system for static analysis of the language, along with a type safety result demonstrating that run-time checks can be eliminated. The language and type system thus serve as a reliable, declarative, and efficient foundation for secure capability-based programming and object confinement .
The James Blundell Award Lecture 2006: transfusion and the treatment of haemorrhage: past, present and future

In the early years of the 19th century, James Blundell reported in the Lancet the first clinical application of blood transfusion for the treatment of haemorrhage. Although these initial experiments may appear to us to have burst upon the medical world, Blundell had in fact done a decade of pre clinical research using animal models to establish principles to be brought to the clinic. His pivotal pre clinical experiments and the insights he gained are described in detail. Today, blood transfusion remains the cornerstone of treatment for serious bleeding - not only to restore oxygen carrying capacity but also to improve haemostasis, arrest and prevent bleeding. However, the indications for the use of blood components to treat bleeding remain ill-defined. In particular, despite the enormous volumes of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfused worldwide, the evidence that commonly used coagulation tests are reliable guides to transfusion with FFP is scant. Recent laboratory and clinical studies provide insight into the weaknesses of current coagulation tests as a guide to blood management. In the future, the application of genomics to haemostasis will uncover genetic polymorphisms leading to improved diagnostics and more tailored medical therapeutics. Examples of the emerging use of clinical genomics are presented. Ultimately, the application of widescale genomics testing will refresh our understanding of human physiology and will reassert the importance of the individual in patient care.
Effects of shear and strain on temporal evolution of laminar diffusion flames

Closed-form analytical solutions that describe the evolution of diffusion flames in two-dimension al laminar flowfields due to an initial line source of fuel in an infinite oxidizer environment are derived. The velocity field is assumed to be divergence free and both steady and unsteady shear and plane stagnation flows are considered in this study. The flame surface is modeled as an infinitesimally thin flame sheet at which fuel and oxidizer are consumed at an infinitely fast rate; thus, chemical kinetic effects are ignored. Validity of the solutions are discussed. The flame shapes are observed to be elliptic. The flame front moves away from the source at early times; whereas at later times, the front collapses at the location of the fuel source. An expression for the time for complete consumption of the fuel is derived in each case, and it is shown that strain fields are more conducive to combustion. Nomenclature A = aspect ratio of the elliptical front a = shear rate b = strain rate Cf = mass concentration of fuel D = mass diffusivity e = base of natural logarithm Pe = Peclet number identical to L^/Dt^f Q = mixture fraction source strength Q = fuel source strength used in Eq. (1) rm = maximum radius of reaction front
Extracting Ada 95 Objects from Legacy Ada Programs

Maintaining legacy code can be challenging and time consuming. As code reaches the point where it becomes hard to maintain, developers may wish to convert from code designed using structured analysis and design techniques into code designed using the object-oriented analysis and design methodology. This paper describes one method, Parameter-Based Object Identification (PBOI) that uses information about parameters passed between sub-programs to extract objects and classes from legacy code. The PBOI method is applied to legacy Ada code with examples showing how objects and classes are extracted and built using Ada 95 programming constructs. Transformations that preserve the functionality of the legacy code are used to extract the Ada 95 code.
Are You Watching Me? A Look at Panoptic Perceptions Surrounding Computer Monitoring Systems

Information systems are prevalent across private, public, and government organizations. Specifically, different types of computer monitoring systems (CMS) play an important role in efficient management. However, many CMS implementations are troubled and can even lead to failure. A possible reason for these CMS issues is employee awareness of being “watched” by an electronic system. Since all information systems have the inherent ability to collect data, they can monitor employees to some degree even if it isn’t their primary purpose. The following conceptual research seeks to provide further understanding of how panoptic perception contributes to CMS implementation and use issues. Specifically, propositions concerning CMS are developed through literature review, and then a published CMS case is re-examined for support. Through the lens of actor network theory (ANT), an alternative understanding is presented of factors that shaped a particular CMS implementation, and the panoptic perceptions that led to a ...
Effects of caffeine on cognitive, psychomotor, and affective performance of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Studies examining caffeine's effects on cognitive, psychomotor, and affective functioning of children with ADHD were reviewed. For children with ADHD, caffeine was more effective than no treatment in decreasing impulsivity, aggression, and parents' and teachers' perceptions of children's symptom severity, and more effective than placebo in decreasing hyperactivity and teachers' perceptions of children's symptom severity, and in improving executive functioning/planning. Methylphenidate was more effective than caffeine in decreasing hyperactivity, aggression, and parents' and teachers' perceptions of children's symptom severity, and in improving executive functioning/planning and motor coordination. Amphetamines were more effective than caffeine in reducing hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, and teachers' perceptions of children's symptom severity. Combining caffeine and stimulants to produce moderate levels of arousal may produce better functioning than caffeine or stimulant drugs alone. Research is n...
Review of mode-locked fiber lasers

The interest in mode-locked fiber lasers goes beyond the interesting physics that can be observed in their operation. There are a number of potential operating characteristics that make them particularly attractive and as a result a large number of designs have been examined, attempting to optimize the operation of the laser to suit the particular application. There have also been a number of difficulties and these have convinced a number of researchers that fiber lasers will never be practical sources. In fact there are now a number of practical mode-locked sources that can be purchased commercially, and more are being developed. As more is known about the various mechanisms at work, methods are being developed to control them. Mode-locking techniques generally divide into two categories: active and passive. The actively mode-locked lasers have cavities that most closely follow their solid-state counterparts. The differences are that the pulses can have a significant amount of nonlinear shaping as they propagate in the cavity and therefore violate the classical limitations on pulse-width. There are many more varieties of passive mode-locking than active. The major techniques (and a few of the more interesting minor techniques) will be covered. Some of the methods will be nonlinear loop mirrors, nonlinear polarization rotation, semiconductor mode-locking, and frequency-shift mode-locking. The physical basis for these techniques will be discussed and what determines the pulse width, repetition rate, and spectrum.
Peanut and tree nut allergy in childhood.

Peanut and tree nut allergies present multiple challenges in their presentation and management. These challenges have become increasingly relevant in recent years, as these allergies appear to have become more common. An estimated 1-2% of the population in the USA is allergic to peanut or tree nuts. Peanut allergy typically presents with symptoms in one of the first few exposures to peanut. Diagnosis is based on clinical history along with skin prick test, or quantitation of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and oral food challenges when indicated. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the only current management approach is strict avoidance of the food. This is clearly an imperfect option as it can be difficult to avoid completely peanut and tree nuts and accidental exposures are not uncommon. Only about 20% of those with peanut allergy, and < 10% of those with tree nut allergy, are reported to acquire tolerance. Additionally, peanut allergy can recur, with one study finding a recurrence rate of 8%. Peanut and tree nuts are the foods most frequently associated with fatal episodes of anaphylaxis. This is of particular concern in adolescents and young adults, among whom life-threatening and fatal food allergy-related reactions are most common.
Periovulatory Patterns of Rat Serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone During the Normal Estrous Cycle: Effects of Pentobarbital

Contrary to a previous report by others, significant FSH activity could not be detected in pooled sera obtained from rats on the late afternoon of proestrus, despite injection of 20 ml of serum/test rat in the HCG-augmentation assay. A comparison of the patterns of serum FSH and LH concentrations around the time of pvulation in regularly cycling adult female rat was accomplished, however, by use of recently developed, differential radioimmunoassay systems (NIAMD-Rat FSH and LH radioimmunoassay systems). A striking difference in these patterns was revealed. Serum LH concentration was elevated only on the late afternoon of proestrus (mean value of approximately 1000 ng NIAMD-Rat-RP-1/ml) and, to a lesser extent, on the evening of proestrus. Serum FSH concentration, largely undetectable during diestrus, also began to rise on the late afternoon of proestrus, but did not attain a maximum until 8–9 PM proestrus (at approximately 500 ng NIAMDRat FSH-RP-1/ml). This maximal elevation of serum FSH persisted until 4...
Photodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris: a randomized, controlled, split-face clinical trial of topical aminolevulinic acid and pulsed dye laser therapy.

Summary Background There remains the need for more effective therapeutic options to treat acne vulgaris. Interest in light-based acne treatments has increased, but few randomized, controlled clinical trials assessing the value of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for acne have been reported. Aims We sought to examine the efficacy of PDT using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and pulsed dye laser therapy in the treatment of acne. Patients ⁄methods We conducted a randomized, controlled, split-face, single-blind clinical trial of 44 patients with facial acne. Patients were randomized to receive three pulsed dye laser treatments to one side of the face after a 60‐90 min ALA application time, while the contralateral side remained untreated and served as a control. Serial blinded lesion counts and global acne severity ratings were performed. Results Global acne severity ratings improved bilaterally with the improvement noted to be statistically significantly greater in treated skin than in untreated skin. Erythematous macules (remnants of previously active inflammatory lesions) decreased in number in treated skin when compared with control skin and there was a transient but significant decrease in inflammatory papules in treated skin when compared with untreated skin. There were no other statistically significant differences between treated and untreated sides of the face in terms of counts of any subtype of acne lesion. Thirty percent of patients were deemed responders to this treatment with respect to improvement in their inflammatory lesion counts, while only 7% of patients responded in terms of noninflammatory lesion counts. Conclusions PDT with the treatment regimen employed here may be beneficial for a subgroup of patients with inflammatory acne.
Observation of geometric phase in three-level atoms

The geometric phases of optically driven atomic wave functions were measured with a photon echo technique in a three-level atomic system. The experimental results match well with simulations using the density matrix.
INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION BETWEEN INTIMATES An Integrative Review

Despite the considerable importance often attributed to interpersonal perception between married partners, family members, and other intimates, there have been few theoretical developments that address the distinctive factors affecting perception in these contexts. This article draws upon a broad literature review to suggest how interpersonal perception between intimates may be affected by such factors as familiarity, emotionality, behavioral interdependence, and ideological beliefs about intimacy. Particular attention is given to the role of perceptual bias in intimate conflict and relationship adjustment.
Abdominal compression during endoscopy (the Bolster technique) demonstrates hidden Schatzki rings (with videos).

Background and Aims Schatzki rings are found in the distal esophagus, are associated with hiatal hernias, and present with intermittent dysphagia to solid foods. They can be identified by radiology (GI series or barium swallow studies) or endoscopy. Rings are not always visualized during endoscopy in patients in whom they are suspected clinically. The Bolster technique involves application of epigastric abdominal pressure, which offers the potential to reveal a Schatzki ring that is otherwise obscured within a reduced hiatal hernia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Bolster technique improves endoscopic detection of Schatzki rings. Methods We reviewed 30 symptomatic patients with a history of a Schatzki ring in a tertiary care center. The Bolster technique was applied to patients in whom the ring was not visible during standard endoscopy. The main outcome measurement was identification of the Schatzki ring after the Bolster technique. Results A Schatzki ring was visible during standard endoscopy in 26 of the 30 patients. In the remaining 4, the ring was visible only after the application of the Bolster technique. Conclusion The Bolster technique is a simple maneuver that can increase detection rates of Schatzki rings during endoscopy.
Feedback Regulation between Zipcode Binding Protein 1 and β-Catenin mRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

ZBP1 (zipcode binding protein 1) is an RNA-binding protein involved in many posttranscriptional processes, such as RNA localization, RNA stability, and translational control. ZBP1 is abundantly expressed in embryonic development, but its expression is silenced in most adult tissues. Reactivation of the ZBP1 gene has been reported in various human tumors. In this study, we identified a detailed molecular mechanism of ZBP1 transactivation in breast cancer cells. We show that beta-catenin, a protein that functions in both cell adhesion and transcription, specifically binds to the ZBP1 promoter via a conserved beta-catenin/TCF4 response element and activates its gene expression. ZBP1 activation is also closely correlated with nuclear translocation of beta-catenin in human breast tumors. We further demonstrate feedback regulation by finding that ZBP1 physically associates with beta-catenin mRNA in vivo and increases its stability. These experiments suggest that in breast cancer cells, the expression of ZBP1 and the expression of beta-catenin are coordinately regulated. beta-Catenin mediates the transcription of the ZBP1 gene, while ZBP1 promotes the stability of beta-catenin mRNA.
Meniscal injuries: A critical review

Although once perceived as an unimportant vestigial structure, the menisci of the knee are now known to be a common source of knee pain and disability. The medial meniscus is more vulnerable to injury to due to its intimate attachment to the medial collateral ligament. The moveable lateral meniscus is less prone to tear except when the ACL is injured. The medial and lateral menisci are usually injured as a result of sudden knee flexion with a component of knee internal or external rotation. However, older patients may present without a specific mechanism of injury as their meniscal injuries are often due to degenerative processes. Most meniscal injuries can be diagnosed with a thorough physical examination utilizing the McMurray, Apley, and ``bounce home'' maneuvers. Joint line tenderness and the presence of a knee effusion aid in the diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become the test of choice in confirming injury. MRI also defines the type, location, and severity of meniscal injury. Some meniscal injuries, particularly peripheral, well-vascularized tears, may be more prone to healing with nonsurgical management. Typical initial management includes reduction of swelling and pain. Rehabilitation stresses tri-planar functional retraining. The final phases of rehabilitation incorporate a functional progression to sports or work specific activities. Arthroscopic knee surgery has become a prevalent treatment method for bucket handle tears and non-vascularized meniscal injuries. Meniscal repair is currently preferred over partial menisectomy to avoid premature osteoarthritis. In sum, clinicians can return patients with meniscal pain to a high level of function with appropriate recognition of injury and functional rehabilitation.
Repeatability of a Checklist for Evaluating Cab Design Characteristics of Heavy Mobile Equipment

Risk factors associated with the development of musculoskeletal discomfort and disorders during the operation of heavy mobile equipment include whole-body vibration and awkward and sustained joint postures of the shoulders, neck, and trunk. Cab design may influence awkward postures of the joints, and task duration may influence duration of exposure to awkward and static postures and whole-body vibration. To reduce exposure to risk factors related to the interface between cab design and task, it may be necessary for manufacturers to address cab design. This study assessed the repeatability of a cab design checklist developed to evaluate various design characteristics that can influence exposure to risk factors for musculoskeletal discomfort. The ability of the cab design checklist to identify posture-related deficiencies of design was also assessed. The checklist was used by two administrators across 10 pieces of heavy construction equipment. Video analysis was performed to quantify postures of the neck, s...
Ultra-low-input, tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing

We have adapted transposase-based in vitro shotgun library construction ("tagmentation") for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. This method, Tn5mC-seq, enables a >100-fold reduction in starting material relative to conventional protocols, such that we generate highly complex bisulfite sequencing libraries from as little as 10 ng of input DNA, and ample useful sequences from 1 ng of input DNA. We demonstrate Tn5mC-seq by sequencing the methylome of a human lymphoblastoid cell line to ∼8.6× high-quality coverage of each strand.
Incremental redocumentation with hypertext

Redocumentation is the recovery and recording of software comprehension. Since software comprehension is the most expensive part of software maintenance, redocumentation is the key to software maintainability. The paper describes the process and the tools of incremental redocumentation where the comprehension of the software is recorded in hypertext, in the style of the World Wide Web. The paper describes the tools which support redocumentation, and gives several examples.
Programmable floating-gate second-order sections for Gm-C filter applications

We present programmable, fully-differential G/sub m/-C second-order sections showing tunability over a wide range of frequencies. The second-order sections use a floating-gate operational transconductance amplifier (FG-OTA) to realize tunability. We present experimental results showing frequency- and Q-tuning for a lowpass (LPSOS) and a bandpass second-order section (BPSOS) designed using these FG-OTAs. Measured 1-dB compression for LPSOS and BPSOS are -15 dBm and -11 dBm, respectively. The presented circuits are fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m n-well CMOS process available through MOSIS.
Inquiry Unplugged: Building on Hackman’s Potential Perils of POB

In this rejoinder to Hackman's counterpoint piece on positive organizational behavior (POB), we again take a positive, inquiry approach. We address and build out each of his identified potential perils with the aim of accelerating the journey of POB understanding, research, and application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation of menstrual blood loss. Applications and methods.

Although estimation of menstrual blood loss has been applied primarily to clinical research, it should have a significant future role in diagnostic and preventive medicine. The quantitation may be especially helpful in an investigation of iron-deficiency anemia without a readily apparent cause.
Defining ROS in Biology and Medicine.

Utilization of molecular oxygen by aerobic organisms inevitably results in the formation of a number of oxygen-containing reactive species that are collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS play important roles in both physiology and pathophysiology of aerobic life. The field of ‘ROS biology and medicine’ deals with the involvement of ROS and related species in contemporary biology and medicine. The purpose of this article is to survey common terms and concepts in ROS biology and medicine. It also introduces the ‘ROS paradigm’ so as to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the rapidly evolving field of ROS biology and medicine.
Cyclin D1 protein expression in mantle cell lymphoma

Summary Background The t(ll;14)(ql3;q32) is a chromosomal abnormality usually associated with mantle cell (centrocytic) lymphomas, although it has occasionally been reported in other chronic lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes, and multiple myeloma. This abnormality results in the translocation of the bcl-1 oncogene from chromosome 11 to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. The bcl-1 oncogene is a member of the cyclin gene family, and high levels of cyclin Dl mRNA are consistently found in malignant B cell proliferations with t(ll;14). Patients and methods We examined cyclin D1 protein expression in 33 patients with low grade lymphoproliferative disorders and 2 patients with reactive hyperplasias by Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody. Results 8/11 mantle cell lymphomas, 0/11 chronic lymphocytic leukemias, 0/4 hairy cell leukemias, 0/2 Sezary syn-drome, 0/2 monocytoid B-cell lymphomas, 0/3 follicular lymphomas, and 0/2 reactive hyperplasias had overexpres-sion of cyclin Dl. Cytogenetic analysis was performed in four cases of mantle cell lymphoma; three of these cases had the t(ll;14), one of which was hypotetraploid with two copies of t(ll; 14). Immunophenotypically, all cases of mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia had coexpression ofCD5 and CD20. Conclusion Mantle cell lymphoma may be difficult to discriminate from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a more indolent disease, on morphologic and immunophenotypic grounds. Our findings suggest that analysis of cyclin Dl protein expression may be helpful in differentiating mantle cell lymphomas from other low grade lymphoproliferative disorders.
Substituted quinolines as noncovalent proteasome inhibitors

Screening of a library of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds identified substituted quinolines as inhibitors of the human proteasome. The heterocyclic library was prepared via a novel titanium-catalyzed multicomponent coupling reaction, which rendered a diverse set of isoxazoles, pyrimidines, pyrroles, pyrazoles and quinolines. SAR of the parent lead compound indicated that hydrophobic residues on the benzo-moiety significantly improved potency. Lead compound 25 inhibits the chymotryptic-like proteolytic activity of the proteasome (IC50 5.4μM), representing a new class of nonpeptidic, noncovalent proteasome inhibitors.
Study on incidence pattern of measles and related risk factors in Jiangmen,Guangdong,2013

Objective To understand the reasons for the high incidence of measles in Jiangmen,Guangdong province,in 2013,and provide evidence for measles prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted to describe measles case distribution in Jiangmen in 2013. Case crossover study was performed to compare the cases' hospital exposure rates 7-21 days and 37-51 days before the onset,and case control study was conducted to identify the related risk factors,such as hospital visiting history,contact history with measles cases and vaccination.Results The incidence rate was 6. 22 / lakh in 2013,and the cases aged ≤14 years accounted for 67. 97%( 174 /256) of the total. The incidence peak was from July to November. Being floating population( χ2= 238. 50,P 0. 01),hospital visit( OR = 6. 64,95% CI: 3. 88-11. 43) and measles case contact( OR = 6. 67,95% CI: 2. 75-16. 96) were risk factors for measles incidence,while vaccination( OR = 0. 07,95% CI: 0. 04-0. 14) was a protective factor. The case survey rate within 24 hours was 95. 31%,the detection and reporting rate within 48 hours was 80. 00%. Up to 64. 06%of the cases sought medical care after more than 7 days and the emergency vaccination rate within 48 hours was only13. 67% and the average number of vaccinated persons were 6. 79 per outbreak. Conclusion Bing floating population,hospital visit,contact with measles cases and receiving no vaccination were the risk factors for measles.
The Current Approach to the Medical Diagnosis of Low Back Pain

A small number of patients who present with low back pain will have an underlying medical disorder as the source of their pain. Patients who fail to respond to conservative management with controlled physical activity and nonnarcotic analgesics should have a thorough re-evaluation to detect possible sources of nonmechanical pain. Symptoms of fever, weight loss, recumbency pain, morning stiffness, acute severe pain, or colicky back pain represent specific entry points into the algorithm for diagnosis of back pain from underlying systemic illnesses. These patients will generally require a plain roentgenographic examination with subsequent scintography, MRI, CT, laboratory work, and biopsy as indicated by any positive findings during the diagnostic work-up. Therapy for individuals with nonmechanical low back pain is directed at the specific medical disorder that is the cause of their symptoms.
Self-reported health and functional status information improves prediction of inpatient admissions and costs

Objectives To determine whether adding selfreported health and functional status data to a diagnostic risk-score model explains additional variance in predicting inpatient admissions and costs. Study design Retrospective observational analysis. Methods We used data from a Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ), completed by 6407 Kaiser Permanente Northwest Medicare patients between December 2006 and October 2008. We used answers from 3 items on the HSQ: (1) General Self-rated Health score, (2) needing help with 1 or more activities of daily living, and (3) having a bothersome health condition. We calculated a DxCG relative risk score from utilization information in the year prior to the survey, using electronic medical records. We compared: (1) DxCG as the sole independent variable and (2) DxCG plus the 3 items as independent variables. We estimated area under the curve (AUC) for each model. Any inpatient admission (yes/no) and being in the top 10% of costs (in the year after survey) were the dependent variables for the first and second logistic regression models, respectively. Results The 3 items explained an additional 2.8% and 4.0% of variance for inpatient admissions and top 10% of costs,respectively, in addition to the variance explained by the DxCG score alone. For DxCG alone, the AUC was 0.686 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.663-0.710) and 0.741 (95% CI 0.719- 0.764), respectively, for inpatient admissions and top 10% of costs and improved to 0.709 (95% CI 0.687-0.730) and 0.770 (95% CI 0.749-0.790) when the 3 self-reported items were added. Conclusions Using self-reported health information improved the predictive power of a DxCG model to forecast inpatient admissions and patient cost-tier.
Differential Modulation of Respiratory Neuronal Discharge Patterns by GABAA Receptor and Apamin-Sensitive K+ Channel Antagonism

The discharge patterns of respiratory neurons of the caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG) appear to be subject to potent GABAergic gain modulation. Local application of the GABAA receptor antago...
Investigating Inspection Risk: An Analysis of PCAOB Inspections and Internal Quality Reviews

SUMMARY: We report the results of an experiment that examines how the salience of post-audit reviews (PARs; i.e., U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board [PCAOB] inspections and public accounting firms' internal quality reviews [IQRs]) affects auditors' perceptions of inspection risk (i.e., the risk that an auditor or audit firm will suffer harm as a result of a PAR), as well as audit effort and fees. Using large-firm, high-level auditors as participants, we find that PAR salience (i.e., anticipation of a PAR) yields higher perceived overall engagement risk assessments, even after controlling for traditional audit risk factors, consistent with auditors viewing inspection risk as incremental to these risk factors. Further, we find that auditors respond to PAR salience by increasing both audit effort and fees—with higher perceived engagement risk and greater audit effort for PCAOB inspections than IQRs. Finally, we observe that increases in audit fees are fully explained by effort.
CS0: why, what, and how?: panel discussion

CS1 has been commonly offered as the first introductory course in Computer Science. For various reasons, the panelists have developed and offered a CS0 course at different institutions during the last several years. The panelists will share their experience in designing and implementing a CS0 course at their institutions. Discussions will follow on the following questions: 1. Why do we need a CS0 course? Whom should this course be for? 2. What should be the expected objectives and appropriate contents of the course? 3. How do we design, implement, and assess such a course?
Norms in a Wired World: A World of Dangerous Norms and Customs

[M]embers of a close-knit group develop and maintain norms whose content serves to maximize the aggregate welfare that members obtain in their workaday affairs with one another. Robert Ellickson Introduction As set out in Part One, there are three distinct types of customs: epistemic customs, coordination customs , and sanction-driven customs . Epistemic customs solve nonstrategic, informational problems, while coordination customs and sanction-driven customs solve strategic problems of two different sorts. The Prisoner's Dilemma, when iterated and solved by a social practice, is actually a subset of the broader category of sanction-driven customs and norms. A sanction-driven custom is maintained due to the existence and casual efficacy of sanctions. Along with Prisoner's Dilemma (hereinafter alternatively PD) games, games such as iterated Chicken or Ellickson's Specialized Labor Game may also be solved – or not – depending on the ability of participants to sanction one another effectively. Nearly all applications of informal game theory to law, to date, have focused on the Prisoner's Dilemma or collective action problem. One would naturally suppose that tort law would take an interest in PD-structured customs because tort law is concerned with injuries, and many PD customs present a situation in which a person is repeatedly in a position to cause injury to others, either by failing to conform to a safe PD custom or by conforming to a dangerous PD custom. Although PD customs, and sanction-driven customs more generally, are indeed of great interest, it will be demonstrated that epistemic customs and coordination customs may be important sources of injuries as well, and so are equally of interest to tort law.
Fiber Manufacture Operations

Three basic methods of preparation of synthetic fibers are used commercially: (1) wet spinning, (2) dry spinning, and (3) melt spinning. In each process a viscous fluid is extruded through a multiholed die or spinneret, forming a fine-diameter fiber. Polypropylene fibers are prepared via the melt spinning technique, which essentially is comprised of two manufacturing stages: (1) extrusion of a fiber and (2) the subsequent thermal and mechanical stretching of the fiber. A diagram of a typical equipment line arrangement is shown in Figure 3. The various process equipment used in the preparation of polypropylene fibers is described below.
Evaluation of an In-Field Microcomputer and a Weather-Based Model for Assessing Fire Blight Risk in Bloom

A modification of Billing’s blossom infection risk system was tested against data in the literature, then programmed into a microcomputer designed to automatically monitor temperature and rain in orchards. On days with 26.7C, risk levels of none, low, medium, and high were predicted, respectively. On days with 2.5 mm or more rain, risk levels of low, medium, high, and high were predicted, respectively. A blight risk category was decreased one risk level on days when the average temperature was below 12.8C. On days following rain, risk levels were computed based on the amount of rain the previous day. When this model, called BLIGHTRISK, was tested using temperature and rainfall data collected by Luepschen (Cornell Agr. Exp. Stn. Memoir 375. 1960), predicted and observed periods of blight risk were in close agreement. Field trials were carried out to validate the microcomputer/BLIGHTRISK system in five apple orchards in 1983 and six in 1984. Populations of Erwinia amylovora were not detected on flowers until after warnings of blight favorable weather were issued by the microcomputer. But, the presence of E. amylovora together with high risk levels were not always followed by outbreaks of blossom blight, particularly when cool weather occurred after the bloom period.
Citation Rate Predictors in the Plastic Surgery Literature.

Background The purpose of this study is to determine and characterize the scientific and nonscientific factors that influence the rate of article citation in the field of plastic surgery. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting We reviewed all entries in Annals of Plastic Surgery and Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007; and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008. All scientific articles were analyzed and several article characteristics were extracted. The number of citations at 5 years was collected as the outcome variable. A multivariable analysis was performed to determine which variables were associated with higher citations rates. Results A total of 2456 articles were identified of which only 908 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies were publications in the fields of reconstructive (26.3%) or pediatric/craniofacial (17.6%) surgery. The median number of citations 5 years from publication was 8. In the multivariable analysis, factors associated with higher citations rates were subspecialty field (p = 0.0003), disclosed conflict of interest (p = 0.04), number of authors (p = 0.04), and journal (p = 0.02). Conclusion We have found that higher level of evidence (or other study methodology factors) is not associated with higher citation rates. Instead, conflict of interest, subspecialty topic, journal, and number of authors are strong predictors of high citation rates in plastic surgery.
A Sixth Modality of Infectious Disease: Contagious Cancer from Devils to Clams and Beyond

Infectious agents come in many forms, but they have been grouped into five distinct classes of agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and prions. Cancer is not normally on this list. Infectious agents like Human papilloma virus (HPV) or Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause cancers in infected hosts, but these cancers are generated within each new individual from oncogenic changes within the hosts’ own cells, and they stay within that individual. If cancer cells did travel from one individual to another, a normal immune system would be able to recognize them as foreign and reject them. Cancer is thus usually a self-limiting disease—it either regresses or it kills its host, and the death of the host marks the death of the cancer lineage. But this is not always the case. Transmissible cancers have been identified as spreading within two vertebrates, dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), and more recently, multiple independent lineages of transmissible cancer have been found in four species of bivalves (Fig 1). This is an infectious modality that has significant effects on animals in both the terrestrial and marine environments, as well as in both vertebrates and invertebrates. While large-scale transmission of cancer has not been observed in humans, transmission between humans has been observed on a small scale in a number of circumstances, often in the context of immune suppression. With more research, more cases are likely to be found in humans as well as other animals. Fig 1 Comparison of the known lineages of infectious cancers in natural populations.
Emotion Regulation Difficulties Moderate the Association Between Heavy Episodic Drinking and Dating Violence Perpetration Among College Men

ABSTRACTBecause of high rates of heavy drinking and dating violence (psychological or physical aggression toward a dating partner) among college men, we examined whether emotion regulation difficulties moderated the association between heavy drinking and dating violence perpetration. One hundred and fifty-eight men were recruited from a large northwestern U.S. university between April 2014 and August 2014. Participants completed an online survey that assessed their emotion regulation difficulties as well as their past year history of heavy episodic drinking (HED; consuming 5+ drinks in 2 hr) and dating violence perpetration. Generalized linear models revealed that the positive association between HED and dating violence perpetration was stronger for men with greater impulse control difficulties and for those who reported limited access to emotion regulation strategies. In addition to continued efforts to reduce heavy drinking among college men, interventions targeting emotion regulation difficulties shoul...
27.1 A 2.8µW 80mV pp -linear-input-range 1.6GΩ-input impedance bio-signal chopper amplifier tolerant to common-mode interference up to 650mV pp

Closed-loop neuromodulation with simultaneous stimulation and sensing is desired to administer therapy in patients suffering from drug-resistant neurological ailments. However, stimulation generates large artifacts at the recording sites, which saturate traditional front-ends. The common-mode (CM) artifact can be ∼500mV, and the differential-mode (DM) artifact is 50 to 100mV. This work presents a neural recording chopper amplifier that can tolerate 80mV pp DM and 650mV pp CM artifacts in a signal band of 1Hz to 5kHz. To digitize a 2mV pp neural signal to 8b accompanied by an 80mV pp DM artifact requires a linearity of 80dB. Neural recording front-ends also need to function within a power budget of 3 to 5µW/ch, input-referred noise of 4 to 8µV rms , DC input impedance Z in >1GΩ and high-pass cutoff of 1Hz [1,2]. Prior work has addressed power and noise [2–6], but has low Z in and limited input signal range, making them incapable of performing true closed-loop operation.