cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Individuals Who Perform Outdoor Sport Activities

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA. Therefore, it is important to review the contribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to skin cancer in individuals with the highest risk. Documenting the relationship between outdoor sports solar ultraviolet exposure and their risk of skin cancer along with appropriate risk mitigation strategies can help inform clinicians of practical information for counseling sun protective behaviors in this population. We conducted a review of the current evidence using PubMed to answer the following research questions: (1) How is ultraviolet radiation measured? (2) What is the modern utility of the ultraviolet index in modifying recreational sun protection behaviors? (3) What is the risk of developing skin cancer for outdoor sport participants? (4) What is the prevalence of skin cancer in sport participants? and (5) Is the number of nevi and solar lentigines elevated in outdoor sport participants? Based on the literature, individuals who practice outdoor sport-related activities receive high ultraviolet radiation exposure, have a high risk for skin cancer, have a high prevalence for pigmented lesions, and may benefit from electronic sun protection educational interventions. Individuals who practice outdoor sports experience substantially higher ultraviolet radiation exposure, routinely exceed the recommended exposure limits, and are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Therefore, those who are frequently engaged in outdoor leisure activities should be coached about efficient sun protective practices and relevant mobile technologies that may facilitate adherence.
Adherence to Iron Chelation Therapy with Deferasirox Formulations among Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and β-thalassemia.

Abstract Background Individuals with hemoglobinopathies experience complications that often require management with multiple transfusions. These chronic transfusions can lead to iron overload, which places them at increased risk of organ damage, malignancy, and even death. Deferasirox is the most common iron chelator used to treat iron overload due to its safety, efficacy, and oral administration. The first formulation of deferasirox, a dispersible tablet for oral suspension (DT) called Exjade®, was associated with adherence challenges due to complaints from poor taste and side effects such as abdominal discomfort. A new film-coated tablet formulation (FCT) called Jadenu® was subsequently developed to overcome these challenges. Objective The objective of this study was to compare adherence rates between formulations of deferasirox (DT versus FCT) and describe associations between adherence to chelation therapy and changes in hematological parameters among patients with SCD and β-thalassemia. Methods In this retrospective study of 20 children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia with iron overload, we compared adherence rates for deferasirox DT versus deferasirox FCT. We reviewed data from the electronic medical record and pharmacy expense reports between 2014 and 2018. We calculated the mean medication possession ratio (MPR) and analyzed the mean paired difference in MPR and ferritin levels using paired sample t-test. Results The overall mean MPR was 0.15 (0.25) for deferasirox DT and 0.44 (0.32) for deferasirox FCT. The mean paired difference in MPR when transitioning from deferasirox DT to deferasirox FCT was +0.29, p-value Conclusion There was significant improvement in adherence to iron chelation therapy when patients transitioned from deferasirox DT to deferasirox FCT.
Hume’s Teresic Politics

This essay argues for a reading of Hume’s political thought as an expression of his skepticism, both Pyrrhonian and Academical. Doing so resolves a number of interpretive questions. Is Hume best read as a conservative or liberal thinker, Tory or Whiggish, or neither? Is it possible to reconcile Hume’s histories, essays, and philosophical treatises in a way that yields a coherent political vision? Hume seems conflicted on many issues, perhaps most revealingly about the extent to which resistance to political authority may be legitimated. Hume’s political theory is informed by the skeptical aspirations to tranquility (ataraxia) and moderation (metriopatheia, moderatio). Negatively, he refuses as a matter of suspension (epoche) and silence (aphasia) transcendent and rationalistic grounds for his normative prescriptions. More positively, Hume develops a critical political theory sensitive to the prolepsis or pre-theoretical understanding of social orders, advancing what I call a teresic political empiricism.
Pathways to the Quantum Realm

The fifth Eugene Feenberg Memorial Medal is awarded to David M. Ceperley for pathbreaking contributions to computational many-body physics that have brought our understanding of fundamental strongly interacting quantum systems into a new era and opened the way to quantitative microscopic prediction of the properties of real, complex materials.
Laryngeal complications of COVID ‐19

Objective To describe and visually depict laryngeal complications in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection along with associated patient characteristics. Study design Prospective patient series. Setting Tertiary laryngology care centers. Subjects and methods Twenty consecutive patients aged 18 years or older presenting with laryngological complaints following recent COVID-19 infection were included. Patient demographics, comorbid medical conditions, COVID-19 diagnosis dates, symptoms, intubation, and tracheostomy status, along with subsequent laryngological symptoms related to voice, airway, and swallowing were collected. Findings on laryngoscopy and stroboscopy were included, if performed. Results Of the 20 patients enrolled, 65% had been intubated for an average duration of 21.8 days and 69.2% requiring prone-position mechanical ventilation. Voice-related complaints were the most common presenting symptom, followed by those related to swallowing and breathing. All patients who underwent flexible laryngoscopy demonstrated laryngeal abnormalities, most frequently in the glottis (93.8%), and those who underwent stroboscopy had abnormalities in mucosal wave (87.5%), periodicity (75%), closure (50%), and symmetry (50%). Unilateral vocal fold immobility was the most common diagnosis (40%), along with posterior glottic (15%) and subglottic (10%) stenoses. 45% of patients underwent further procedural intervention in the operating room or office. Many findings were suggestive of intubation-related injury. Conclusion Prolonged intubation with prone-positioning commonly employed in COVID-19 respiratory failure can lead to significant laryngeal complications with associated difficulties in voice, airway, and swallowing. The high percentage of glottic injuries underscores the importance of stroboscopic examination. Otolaryngologists must be prepared to manage these complications in patients recovering from COVID-19. Level of evidence IV.
The Community Impact of Racial Disproportionality: The Racial Geography of Child Welfare

An understudied aspect of racial disproportionality is its community impact. Although alarming, national and state statistics do not reveal the spatial dynamics of the child welfare system’s racial disparities. In the nation’s cities, child protection cases tend to be concentrated in communities of color. Many poor black neighborhoods, in particular, have extremely high rates of involvement by public child welfare agencies, especially placement in foster care. Thus, state custody of children has a racial geography. The overrepresentation of black children in the foster care population represents massive state supervision and dissolution of families concentrated in their neighborhoods. This chapter addresses the social impact of this concentration of child welfare agency involvement on the residents who live in these neighborhoods.
Feldtheorie und das Konzept Soziale Geschicklichkeit

Das Verhaltnis von Handeln und Strukturen steht im Zentrum der soziologischen Theorie. Unter Bezug auf Neo-Institutionalismus und symbolischen Interaktionismus fokussiert die Theorie sozialer Geschicklichkeit die soziale Konstruktion lokaler sozialer Ordnungen mit Blick auf die Fahigkeit von Akteuren, andere zum Kooperieren zu bringen.
HIV vaccinology: 2021 update

HIV is a virus that remains a major health concern and results in an infection that has no cure even after over 30 years since its discovery. As such, HIV vaccine discovery continues to be an area of intensive research. In this review, we summarize the most recent HIV vaccine efficacy trials, clinical trials initiated within the last 3 years, and discuss prominent improvements that have been made in prophylactic HIV vaccine designs.
What’s in a Name? Defining Nurse Residencies to Design Evidence-based Programs

Nurse residencies are transition programs that support new graduate nurses as they begin their careers in clinical practice. Disparities among transition programs have made it difficult to compare outcomes and identify specific elements that contribute to overall effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to propose a common nomenclature of nurse residencies to promote standardization across programs and to provide guidelines to assist staff development educators to create and implement comprehensive, costeffective, evidence-based programs.
Asymmetric scattering of mirror symmetric radiation from nanostructures coupled to chiral films

The interaction of radiation with chiral molecular films is not macroscopically invariant under mirror reflections and, accordingly, chiroptical effects exist which affect the spatial symmetry of the radiation profile and which nearly exclusively show up in the near-field due to the large molecule-wavelength size mismatch. Here we prove that the scattering of a mirror symmetric pair of plane waves by a nanowire lying on a chiral nanofilm is not mirror symmetric with an angular dissymmetry factor that can be as large as some tenths. Due to evanescent coupling, the nanowire efficiently experiences molecular chirality which produces a spatially asymmetric near-field so that the self-consistent unbalanced excitation of nanowire photonic modes with opposite angular momenta yields asymmetric far-field interference. In addition to enriching the physical understaning of mirror symmetry breaking in chiral nanophotonics, our results could suggest ultra-efficient schemes for enantiomeric discrimination which is essential in biological chemistry and pharmacology.
Clinical Perineural Invasion and Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives/hypothesis To describe outcomes of advanced head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) with clinical perineural invasion (cPNI) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, and to describe post-treatment radiographic findings in the context of clinical response to treatment using a new grading system. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed for 11 patients treated with ICI for head and neck cSCC with cPNI of large named nerves. The primary outcome was response to treatment as defined by radiographic and clinical evidence. Clinical responses were defined as improvement in symptoms of neuropathic pain, hypoesthesia, nerve weakness, or decrease in visible tumor. Imaging studies were graded based on a new classification system for perineural invasion and reviewed by two neuroradiologists since RECISTv1.1 is inadequate to adjudicate response in these patients. Results Nine (82%) patients had radiographic perineural disease control on ICI. Eight patients had improved radiographic perineural disease and one had stable disease. Of these, complete resolution of radiographic evidence of perineural disease was seen in only one patient. Seven (64%) patients had clinical responses, with either improved or stable radiographic disease. Conclusions ICI therapy is a viable treatment option for head and neck cSCC with cPNI. Radiographic and clinical evidence of response correlate well, with improvement in neuropathic pain being the most sensitive clinical marker of response. Even with favorable findings on repeat imaging and stable clinical course, complete resolution of perineural thickening and enhancement is rare. A grading system for classifying changes in perineural disease over time is proposed. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Impedance spectroscopy study of conducting polymer blends of PEDOT:PSS and PVA

Abstract Blends of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have many potential applications including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other electronic devices. Specifically, PEDOT:PSS acts as the electrical conductor, while the PVA provides ductility and other mechanical enhancements. Concentrations of PEDOT:PSS at 20, 30 and 40 weight percentage (wt%) in PEDOT:PSS/PVA mixtures have been found to provide optimal mechanical and electrical properties. PEDOT:PSS/PVA films are prepared using a casting method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to investigate the electrical properties. The extrapolated DC conductivities are obtained in a dry nitrogen environment at room temperature and determined to be 3.917 × 10−8, 2.383 × 10−7 and 8.369 × 10−6 S/cm, respectively, for 20, 30 and 40 wt%. In addition, as a means to better explore the conduction as a function of temperature, impedance spectroscopy measurements for the 30 wt% PEDOT:PSS are determined over a range of temperatures from 24.5 °C to 79.5 °C. The corresponding extrapolated DC conductivities are found to increase by a factor of about four with increase in temperature from 4.617 × 10−8 S/cm at 24.5 °C to 2.083 × 10−7 S/cm at 79.5 °C.
Current Development of Aircraft Production Processes

A CRITICAL stage in the process of making aircraft occurs with alarming frequency in the history of aviation.
Internal Abdominal Hernias

An internal abdominal hernia is defined as the protrusion of a viscus through a normal or abnormal aperture within the confines of the peritoneal cavity. The hernial orifice may be a preexisting anatomic structure, such as the foramen of Winslow, or a pathologic defect of congenital or acquired origin.
Power-Aware Management in Cloud Data Centers

Power efficiency is a major concern in operating cloud data centers. It affects operational costs and return on investment, with a profound impact on the environment. Current data center operating environments, such as management consoles and cloud control software, tend to optimize for performance and service level agreements and ignore power implications when evaluating workload scheduling choices. We believe that power should be elevated to the first-order consideration in data-center management and that operators should be provided with insights and controls necessary to achieve that purpose. In this paper we describe several foundational techniques for group-level power management that result in significant power savings in large data centers with run-time load allocation capability, such as clouds and virtualized data centers. We cover VM migration to save power, server pooling or platooning to balance power savings with startup times so as not to impair performance, and discuss power characteristics of servers that affect both the limits and the opportunities for power savings.
Best practices in noncommercial radio fundraising: a practitioner perspective

This study uses in-depth qualitative interviews with radio professionals in the United States to identify best practices for noncommercial radio fundraising. Most noncommercial stations use on-air pledge drives to solicit donations from listeners, and this is a major source of revenue for these stations. The interview data are analyzed using the constant comparative method. Findings indicate that radio professionals use a variety of fundraising appeals to reach listeners with different motivations for donating. These fundraising appeals have three dimensions: altruism/self-interest, rational/emotional, and reinforcement/trigger. The data also indicate that noncommercial stations try to foster relationships with their listeners and donors. These relationships are managed through direct communication and through mass communication, which produces parasocial interaction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overton's and Palermo's Relativism: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of Overton and Palermo work related to relativism. Overton's principal objectives are to show that world views still provide the guidelines by which specific psychological theories are constructed, that such world views are essentially incompatible with one another, and that the organicist and mechanist distinction provides the most adequate integrative world views for developmental psychology. Overton claims, “as both Lakatos and Laudan argue, world views can and do form a necessary rational dimension to scientific research programmes and traditions.” Underlying Palermo's defense of the Kuhnian position is an unstated commitment to relativism, subjectivism, and the incommensurability and incompatibility of world views. Within this framework, Palermo takes as obvious that the history of science, like textual analysis, is open to the same kind of relativism. In the service of this view, he accuses people of a too easy dismissal of Kuhn and a focus on rationality as the sole basis of scientific decision making. The latter point is least important to his argument and is most easily dealt with.
Abstract W P240: The Effect of Telestroke Network on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Utilization and Door to Needle Time on Rural Hospitals.

Introduction: Stroke is the 4 th leading cause of death in the United States. Only 2-3% of ischemic stroke patients are receiving Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) despite an increase in time window to 4.5 hours. With less than 85% of the US population living within 30 minutes of primary stroke centers, it is important to review the effectiveness of telestroke network in delivering t-PA. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC) Telestroke network was established in May 2011. Currently the network expands across 24 spokes located in rural central Ohio. Most of these centers have not given t-PA prior to joining the network. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of the OSUWMC telestroke in delivering t-PA for acute ischemic stroke in a rural setting and compare the stroke quality metrics to Ohio Coverdell registered Hospitals. Methods: We conducted a retrospective data review from the OSUWMC Telestroke Network database from May 22, 2011 to November 30, 2012. This included demographics, diagnostic impression, NIHSS score, average symptom onset to ED arrival, average door to CT time, average consult duration. t-PA administration and transfer status to OSUMWC were also collected. Summary statistics were generated using Microsoft Excel (version 2010, Microsoft Corporation) and SAS (version 9.3, SAS Institute). Results: In this study, a total of 422 Telestroke consultations were completed. 180 patients were diagnosed with ischemic stroke (57.5%). Average NIHSS score was 5 ±6, average symptom onset to ED arrival time was 4 hours 26 minutes (n=378), and the average door to CT time was 26 minutes (n=204). Forty-four percent (n=80) were approved to receive IV t-PA; 60% within one hour of ED arrival. From this number of patients thirty percent received t-PA within one hour compared to 38% in Ohio Coverdell hospitals. Conclusion: The implementation of telestroke network can deliver care that is equivalent to primary stroke centers. This approach may be an effective tool for rapid evaluation of patients in remote hospitals that require neurologic specialists.
“If she's a vegetable, we'll be her garden”: Embodiment, transcendence, and citations of competing cultural metaphors in the case of a dying child

In this article, I explore a struggle between parents and medical professionals to define the meaning and value of a critically ill child, Jasperlynn. I argue that the parents, who refused to sign a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, transformed the perceptions of the medical professionals by affiliating themselves with powerful moral signifiers. In particular, I explore the roles of embodiment and transcendence as they relate to the contest over the assignment of cultural metaphors defining Jasperlynn's life. I use the term embodiment-by-proxy to describe the ways in which the parents and the professionals each attempted to change the others' dispositions toward Jasperlynn, or to become what Thomas Csordas calls "specialists in cultural objectification." Ultimately, the only weapon the parents had in their struggle to change the value and meaning of Jasperlynn's life was their newly acquired religious consciousness. Through the family's demonstration of their deep commitment to God and family, many professionals came to realize that the value of Jasperlynn's life lay in her relationship to her parents. In effect, the parents were able to transform medicine's object to include the family.
Cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent protein phosphokinase activity in subcellular fractions of synchronously growing Leydig I-10 cells☆

Abstract The Leydig I-10 tumor cell line was synchronized by the double thymidine block method using 1.0 mM thymidine. Protein phosphokinase activity of subcellular fractions was determined at various times throughout the cell cycle. Microsomal cAMP-independent kinase activity increased in G2 and decreased during the S and G1 phases. Except for relatively small increases during the G1 and late S phases, microsomal cAMP-dependent kinase activity remained unchanged throughout most of the cycle. In the lysosomal-mitochondrial fraction, cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent protein kinase activity increased during the S phase. Independent kinase activity peaked again during G1, while the dependent kinase became depressed. Phosphokinase activity increased in the nuclear fraction in late G2 and during mitosis, and was due to increases in both cAMP-independent and cAMP-dependent kinase activity. Cytosol cAMP-dependent kinase activity increased in G2 and during mitosis; cAMP-independent kinase activity showed some increased activity during late G2 and mitosis. These temporal variations in the subcellular kinase activities throughout the cell cycle may act to phosphorylate subcellular protein substrates in a cell cycle-specific fashion.
An infrared spectrocopic study of a polyester copolymer ionomer based on poly(ethylene oxide)

A molecular level understanding of the properties of polymer electrolytes can only be obtained through an identification of the types of ionic structures formed in these materials and their relationship to the motion of ions in these systems. Vibrational spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool in characterizing such local structures, and a detailed study of the infrared spectrum of a set of sulfonated PEO/aromatic polyesters is presented here. An analysis of the symmetric SO3− stretching mode revealed no detectable amounts of “free” SO3− ions in any of the ionomers, but bands due to ion pairs and aggregates were identified. The band due to aggregates increased in intensity relative to the band due to ion pairs as the temperature increased. Vibrational modes due to the poly(ethylene oxide) segments of the copolymers were characteristic of chains in the amorphous state. However, bands due to sequences of trans and gauche O−C−C−O−C−C−O conformations characteristic of the ordered state appeared to be fa...
The pathophysiology of hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects women during their reproductive years. Although SLE can affect any organ system, the kidneys are prominently involved in the form of immune complex glomerulonephritis. In addition, in women with SLE, risk for the development of cardiovascular disease is dramatically increased. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is highly prevalent in women with SLE. Nevertheless, there has been little exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms that promote SLE hypertension. This review discusses the role of several mechanisms, with an emphasis on the kidney, in SLE hypertension. These mechanisms include the renin-angiotensin system, endothelin, oxidative stress, sex steroids, metabolic changes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and, perhaps most importantly, chronic inflammation and cytokines. Growing evidence suggests a link between chronic inflammation and hypertension. Therefore, elucidation of mechanisms that promote SLE hypertension may be of significant value not only for patients with SLE, but also for a better understanding of the basis for essential hypertension.
Rat whole embryo culture system as a tool to investigate developmental mechanisms of left/right body axis

The rat whole embryo culture (WEC) system is a suitable experimental tool for the study of the mechanisms of development of the left/right body axis (L/R axis) because embryos can be cultured from before and during the development of several asymmetric structures including the heart. This paper reviews the development of asymmetric structures in rat embryos during the culture period and the literature on abnormal development of the L/R axis studied using the WEC system. In addition, the author suggests the following guideline for investigators who use this system to study the development of the L/R axis. (1) Precisely stage the embryos according to a modified Theiler's system. (2) Examine the sidedness of three asymmetric structures whose sidedness is controlled by different mechanisms [i.e. the heart, chorioallantoic placenta and the lower part of the embryo (the so-called 'tail')]. (3) Establish the background incidences of inversion of the above structures in control groups cultured from different stages. (4) Perform dose-response studies if testing a chemical. (5) Examine antagonists or inactive isoforms to confirm the pharmacological effects of the test chemical.
Kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein act sequentially to move the meiotic spindle to the oocyte cortex in Caenorhabditis elegans.

During female meiosis in animals, the meiotic spindle is attached to the egg cortex by one pole during anaphase to allow selective disposal of half the chromosomes in a polar body. In Caenorhabditis elegans, this anaphase spindle position is achieved sequentially through kinesin-1–dependent early translocation followed by anaphase-promoting complex (APC)-dependent spindle rotation. Partial depletion of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain by RNA interference blocked spindle rotation without affecting early translocation. Dynein depletion also blocked the APC-dependent late translocation that occurs in kinesin-1–depleted embryos. Time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged dynein heavy chain as well as immunofluorescence with dynein-specific antibodies revealed that dynein starts to accumulate at spindle poles just before the initiation of rotation or late translocation. Accumulation of dynein at poles was kinesin-1 independent and APC dependent, just like dynein driven spindle movements. This represents a case of kinesin-1/dynein coordination in which these two motors of opposite polarity act sequentially and independently on a cargo to move it in the same direction.
Willingness to pay for quality improvements: should revealed and stated preference data be combined?

Abstract In this article we propose theoretically consistent welfare measurement of use and nonuse values for an improvement in environmental quality with revealed and stated preference data. An analytical model based on the comparative static analysis of the variation function that describes the relationship between recreation demand and dichotomous choice contingent valuation models is estimated. Our results show that revealed and stated data should not be combined under the same assumed preference structure unless the two decisions imply the same change in behavior induced by the quality change. In addition, our results indicate scope effects in willingness to pay measures estimated with stated preference data.
Diffusion of Carbon Monoxide through Thin Layers of Hemoglobin Solution

The facilitation of carbon monoxide flux through a thin layer of hemoglobin solution is increased in the presence of oxygen. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the facilitation results from diffusion of carbon monoxide— hemoglobin as well as carbon monoxide, but that the overall process is partially limited by the reaction rates of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin.
A new structure of recursive estimator

A novel structure of a linear recursive estimator minimizing the mean square error is derived for a system with a multiplicative noise in the measurement model. The conventional form of a recursive estimator (the new estimate is a linear combination of the new data and the previous estimate) is not appropriate for the above system. In contrast, according to presented form of estimator, the new estimate and the new innovation, which is recursively obtained by a linear combination of the new data, the previous data, and the previous innovation. >
The First Soviet Political Trial: Countess Sofia Panina before the Petrograd Revolutionary Tribunal

The Bolshevik leadership had reason to expect that their first trial of a political opponent would be a success. The defendant was a wealthy aristocrat, a member of the Central Committee of the outlawed Constitutional Democratic (Kadet) party, and a vice minister in the Provisional Government. The unambiguous charge against her-taking and concealing government funds from the former Ministry of Education-would clearly demonstrate the moral bankruptcy of liberal leaders and further discredit the former government. A public trial would introduce the Bolsheviks' new instrument of revolutionary justice-the Revolutionary Tribunal of the Petrograd Soviet, created in late November 1917 and composed of ordinary workers and soldiers in conscious imitation of the French Revolution. From the perspective of her accusers, the likely guilty verdict against Countess Sofia Panina would show the world the superiority of Bolshevik justice and morality, and the legitimacy of their seizure of power. To the Kadets, the trial of a woman widely respected for her progressive philanthropy held equally great significance as an event that would demonstrate the illegitimacy of Bolshevik rule and their violation of the most fundamental norms of justice. The actual proceedings that took place on 10 December 1917 yielded no unequivocal triumphs, however. The trial took several surprising turns, and its ambiguous outcome enabled both supporters and opponents of the defendant to declare victory and draw different lessons. Attracting national and international attention at the time, the trial is often mentioned briefly in histories of the Revolution.1 It has received somewhat more attention
Interrelationships and correlates of four measures of pleasure deficit

Compared the utilities of four measures currently used to assess pathological deficit in the ability to experience pleasure (N = 56). The Watson Anhedonia Interview scale was less reliable than the others, but was correlated as often with measures of pleasure-seeking as they were after correction for attenuation. It was more heavily correlated with measures of psychopathology than the others. The Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin (1976) Social and Physical Anhedonia scales demonstrated superior reliability and more correlations with pleasure-seeking ratings than the other scales, at least before correction for attenuation. However, their relatively modest relationships with measures of psychopathology suggested that the pleasure-deficits they measure best may not be as characteristic of psychiatric conditions as that reflected by the Anhedonia Interview. The Zuckerman General Sensation Seeking scale showed less reliability than the Chapman scales and fewer correlations with both pleasure-seeking and psychopathology than the others.
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Is Required for Inhibition of Neointima Formation by Estrogen

Background— The vasoprotective effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). ERs are transcription factors that require coactivators to exert transcriptional activity. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as pCIP, AIB1, ACTR, and TRAM-1) interacts with estrogen-bound ERs and strongly coactivates the transcription of target genes in cultured cells. This study has characterized the expression of SRC-3 in cardiovascular tissue and the role of SRC-3 in estrogen-dependent vasoprotection from vascular injury. Methods and Results— Phenotypically normal SRC-3+/− mice with a knock-in LacZ reporter were used to characterize SRC-3 expression by X-gal staining within the cardiovascular system. Staining signals were specifically detected in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells but not in myocardial cells. The role of SRC-3 during vascular remodeling was analyzed using a unilateral carotid ligation model. The extent of neointima formation in SRC-3−/− mice was significantly...
Perturbation and robustness analysis of a closed macroeconomic model

Perturbation analysis is used to perform local comparative dynamics of a nonlinear macroeconomic model. As illustrations, interim and asymptotic behavior of a simple macroeconomic model is studied under money and bond financing of the government budget deficit, and dynamic implications of some policy reaction functions are examined, such as an expansionary fiscal policy accompanied by an accommodating monetary policy. The balanced budget along a reference time path is shown to eliminate effects of the price variation from the perturbed dynamics. Behavior of the perturbed dynamics is shown to be qualitatively different depending on whether the inflationary expectations are fully or only partially reflected on the expectations augmented excess demand mechanism for inflation.
Compensated control loops for a 30-cm ion thruster

The vaporizer dynamic control characteristics of a 30-cm diameter mercury ion thruster were determined by operating the thruster in an open loop steady state mode and then introducing a small sinusoidal signal on the main, cathode, or neutralizer vaporizer current and observing the response of the beam current, discharge voltage, and neutralizer keeper voltage, respectively. This was done over a range of frequencies and operating conditions. From these data, Bode plots for gain and phase were made and mathematical models were obtained. The Bode plots and mathematical models were analyzed for stability and appropriate compensation networks determined. The compensated control loops were incorporated into a power processor and operated with a thruster. The time responses of the compensated loops to changes in set points and recovery from arc conditions are presented.
ESTIMATING MITE POPULATIONS IN SOUTHERN OREGON PEAR ORCHARDS

Studies were conducted in southern Oregon pear orchards to develop sampling methods for assessment of mite abundance. Those species included in the investigation were the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch); yellow spider mite, Eotetranychus carpini borealis (Ewing); and the predaceous phytoseiid Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt.The results show that five leaves on one limb per tree are adequate to include representative numbers of the four mite species. Variation in mite densities between trees, even of the same variety, was quite high. The sample size (numbers of trees) required for assessing mite density can be calculated provided that an estimate of the coefficient of variation (S/X) is available.
High Velocity Oxyfuel Deposition for Low Surface Roughness PS304 Self-Lubricating Composite Coatings

Efforts were made to achieve lower (R q 0.25 μm, as limited by porosity in the deposited coating and surface irregularities correspondingly formed upon finishing. Initial attempts at achieving dense coatings by instead using a high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) flame-spraying process failed due to insufficient heating and softening of the NiCr and Cr 2 O 3 constituents of the PS304 feed powder, which rebounded from the steel target substrate and resulted in low deposition yield. Efficient HVOF deposition by a hydrogen-fueled system was achieved using NiCr and Cr 2 O 3 constituent particles of reduced size that were more effectively heated. The resultant dense coatings provided roughnesses as low as R q = 0.05 μm upon polishing. Tri...
Properties of reactively sputter-deposited TaN thin films

Abstract We deposited TaN films by reactive r.f. sputtering from a Ta target with an N 2 Ar gas mixture. Alloys over a composition range 0–60 at.% N have been synthesized. We report on their composition, structure and electrical resistivity before and after vacuum annealing in the temperature range 500–800 °C. We found that the film growth rate decreases with increasing ratio of the nitrogen flow rate to the total flow rate, while the nitrogen content in the films first increases with the N 2 partial flow rate and then saturates at about 60 at.%. B.c.c.-Ta, Ta 2 N, TaN and Ta 5 N 6 appear in succession as the nitrogen content rises, with Ta 2 N being the only single-phase film obtained. The atomic density of the films generally increases with the nitrogen content in the film. Transmission electron micrographs show that the grain size decreases from about 25 to 4 nm as the nitrogen concentration increases from 20 to 50 at.%. The Ta 2 N phase can exist over a wide range of nitrogen concentration from about 25 to 45 at.%. For as-deposited films an amorphous phase exists along with polycrystalline Ta 2 N in the center portion of that range. This phase crystallizes after vacuum annealing at 600 °C for 65 min. A diagram of stable and metastable phases for TaN films based on X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results is constructed. The resistivity is below 0.3 m ohms cm for films with 0–50 at.% N and changes little upon vacuum annealing at 800 °C.
Small zeros of quadratic forms modulo p

Abstract Let Q(x) = Q(x1, x2, …, xn) be a quadratic form with integer coefficients and p be an odd prime. Suppose that n is even and det Q≢0 (mod p). Set Δ = ((−1) n 2 det Q p ) , and let Q∗(x) be the form associated with the inverse of the matrix representing Q(x), (mod p). If Δ = 1, it is known that there exists a nonzero x with max |x i | 1 2 and Q(x) ≡ 0 (mod p). If Δ = −1 we show here that there exists a nonzero x with max |x i | ⪡ p 1 2 and either Q(x) ≡ 0 (mod p) or Q∗(x) ≡ 0 (mod p). We also show that for any form Q(x), if n > 4 log2 p + 3, then the congruence Q(x) ≡ 0 (mod p) has a solution with 0 max |x i | 1 2 .
Informating policy and administration a comparative perspective on terrorism

The cliche that ‘one man's terroirist is another man' freedom fighter’ represents the major dilemma of anti-terrorism policymakers and administrators. The conceptual confusion is further complicated by the ideological orientations and policy interests of the observers. The comparative study of terrorism, however, has provided a conceptual underpinning and does provide the tools for sorting out the biases. This article compares the six principal models of political terrorism and suggests that each in fact describes a distinct form of political violence depending upon the perspective of the observer. Each of the forms of terrorism, moreover, may require a unique set of remedies. Using the widely publicized TWA bijacking during the summer of 1985 as an example, the analysis examines the differences in the American, Israeli, and Lebanese government perspectives and how those differences influenced policymaking.
Systematic approach to extended even-tempered orbital bases for atomic and molecular calculations

Explicit formulas are established for simply generating arbitrarily large basis sets of optimal even-tempered Gaussian primitives which systematically approach complete bases for the entire function space. These bases, moreover, reproduce the corresponding optimal atomic SCF wavefunctions extremely closely and permit an extrapolation of the SCF energies to the Hartree-Fock limit. On the basis of the detailed quantitative information available from these calculations a simple general procedure is formulated for generating optimal even-tempered basis sets for molecular calculations.
Histochemistry and ultrastructure of the capsule gland duct of the prosobranch gastropod Pomacea paludosa

Summary The capsule gland duct of the apple snail, Pomacea paludosa coils through the anterior albumen gland. The epithelium is composed of two layers of either secretory or ciliated non-secretory cells. Two opposing faces of epithelial cells produce different secretion products. Secretory cells of me posterior face produce a protein product as well as some mucopolysaccharide. Anterior face cells secrete non-sulfated mucopolysaccharides as well as some protein. This difference in secretion product is reflected in differences seen in the ultrastructure of the two epithelia as well.
Reaction of xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants with lipid and protein of human plasma.

Abstract Xanthine oxidase and purines have recently been detected in the circulation during acute viral infection and following hepatotoxicity and shock. Reactions of xanthine oxidase-generated oxidants with human plasma or bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes have been studied by measuring protein sulfhydryl oxidation and two markers of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes. Plasma incubated with 5 mU/ml xanthine oxidase (XO) and 0.5 m m hypoxanthine (Hx) for 2 h at 37 °C had 25–53% oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, with >80% of the oxidation occurring during the first 20 min of the reaction. Concentrations of BSA similar to those present in serum, when exposed to XO/Hx-mediated oxidative stress, showed an even greater decrease in sulfhydryl concentration than that of plasma. No significant increase in plasma TBARS and conjugated dienes was observed during the 2-h incubation period in the presence of XO. Egg PC liposomes, suspended to a plasma phospholipid-equivalent concentration, showed a minor increase in TBARS and conjugated dienes under similar XO/Hx incubation conditions. In the presence of 0.23 m m BSA, lipid peroxidation was completely inhibited. A similar inhibition of lipid peroxidation was induced by cysteine but not by uric acid. Electrophoretic and arsenite-mediated sulfur reduction analysis revealed that BSA was oxidized beyond the disulfide form, with sulfenic acid formed during the initial period of oxidation. Protein sulfhydryls served as sacrificial antioxidants, preventing plasma lipid peroxidation, as well as being targets for oxidative damage. Plasma protein thiol oxidation was determined to be a more sensitive and specific indication of oxidant stress to the vascular compartment than assessment of lipid oxidation byproducts.
Neuromuscular specificity following cross-stage hindlimb transplantation

In order to determine whether spinal motoneurons can regenerate to their proper targets at stages beyond those when such specificity is typically expressed, autologous and homologous (same- and cross-stage) hindlimb transplantations were performed using bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). Neuromuscular specificity was assessed by applying horseradish peroxidase to the ventral thigh of the transplanted hindlimb and mapping the locations of retrogradely labeled motoneurons. Previously, we found that the hindlimb was reinnervated normally in young tadpoles whose motor nerves were transected. However, motor axons in older animals showed no evidence of target specificity when reinnervating the tadpole's own limb. In the present study, innervation was normal in young tadpoles whose hindlimb was removed and replaced in its original position. Axons of older hosts innervating hindlimbs transplanted from young tadpoles distinguished flexor from extensor limb regions, but failed to distinguish thigh from shank, demonstrating that axons in older animals can respond to at least some guidance cues. The lack of specificity along the proximal-distal axis appears to be a consequence of homologous transplantation since limbs transplanted from one young tadpole to another showed the same loss of proximal-distal specificity. One possibility is that the shank degenerates when the hindlimb is transplanted to a different host. Shank motoneurons, lacking their proper target, may then innervate the thigh. However, shank motoneurons did not innervate the thigh when motor nerve transection was combined with amputation of the hindlimb just above the presumptive knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angular Grating Anomalies: An Apparent Violation Of The Grating Equation

Diffraction gratings are known to exhibit anomalous behavior at certain critical wavelengths or incident angles. Previously reported anomalies manifest themselves as abrupt variations in diffracted order efficiency or grating absorption while their angular position remains unchanged as predicted by the grating equation. This paper reports experimental observations indicating a diffraction grating anomaly in the angular position of certain diffracted orders, which appears to violate the grating equation. Efforts to trace this behavior to experimental error failed and physical causes were sought. Experimental data for several grating profiles and measurement geometries are presented and compared to the results of an analysis of the effect of finite beam size upon the centroid location of diffraction grating orders.
LIPS: Link Prediction as a Service for data aggregation applications

Abstract A central component of the design of wireless sensor networks is reliable and efficient transmission of data from source to destination. However, this remains a challenging problem because of the dynamic nature of wireless links, such as interference, diffusion, and path fading. When the link quality gets worse, packets will get lost even with retransmissions and acknowledgments when internal queues become full. For example, in a well-known study to monitor volcano behavior (Werner-Allen et al., 2006), the measured data yield of nodes ranges from 20 % to 80 % . To address this challenge brought by unreliable links, in this paper, we propose the idea of LIPS, or Link Prediction as a Service. Specifically, we argue that it is beneficial for applications to be aware of link layer variations, so that they can take into account the future link quality estimates based on past measurements. In particular, we present a novel state space based approach for the link quality prediction, and demonstrate that it is possible to integrate this model into operating system interfaces, so that higher layer data aggregation protocols can directly exploit these interfaces to improve their performance. Our intensive evaluation indicates the state space based approach is accurate, stable and lightweight comparing to other strategies such as the autoregressive model (Liu and Cerpa, 2010). We carry out experiments based on the commonly used sensor node hardware including both link layer and operating system measurements.
Increased serum HLA class I molecule levels in elderly human responders to influenza vaccination.

Increased cell surface expression and serum levels of HLA class I molecules have been shown to occur in normal elderly humans. Elderly subjects (65 years and older) generally also have a poorer response to influenza vaccine than younger adults. Some 30 to 40% of elderly subjects do not respond to influenza vaccination. Sera from 20 elderly subjects with a positive response to influenza vaccine (HAI antibody titer >40) and 20 subjects who did not respond (HAI antibody titer <40) were randomly selected and the levels of soluble HLA class I molecules determined before and after vaccination. The subjects who responded had higher serum HLA class I levels both before and after vaccination than did non-responders