cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Polymorphism of HLA-DR Antigens Isolated from Raji and Daudi Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

The HLA-DR antigens are histocompatibility antigens present on cell membranes (see review, Ferrone et al. 1978) and are believed to mediate cell interactions required for generating immune responses (Bergholtz and Thorsby 1978). They express a serologically detectable polymorphism, which is attributed to differences in primary structure (Snary et al. 1977), and is controlled by genes linked to the HLA-D locus of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of man (see review, Ferrone et al. 1978). Like their murine counterparts, I-E antigens, human HLA-DR antigens consist of two polypeptide chains designated c~ (34K) and/3 (29K) that are noncovalently associated (Silver et al. 1979). The intriguing question whether one or both chains are polymorphic is important for understanding the genetic organization of HLA-DR antigens and the molecular basis of their serologic polymorphism and function in cell interactions. This problem has been approached by serologic techniques as well as structural analysis. With serologic assays, the results have been contradictory and inconclusive because most alloantigenic activity is irretrievably lost when the two polypeptides are separated (Tosi et al. 1978, Klareskog et al. 1978). We have addressed this issue by assessing the degree of structural differences among ~ and/3 chains isolated from several human cell lines each distinct in HLA-DR phenotype. We have previously shown by peptide map analysis that the major structural differences between HLA-DR antigens isolated from Victor (HLA-DRw-,6) and Wi-L2 (HLA-DRw4,7) lymphoid cells are restricted to the small (/~) subunit (Silver and Ferrone 1979). These results are in complete contrast with those of Klareskog and co-workers (1978) who reported that the major structural differences between HLA-DR antigens isolated from Raji (HLA-DRw3,6) and Daudi (HLA-DRw-,6)* cells are restricted to the large (c~) subunit. To reconcile these conflicting conclusions, we repeated our analysis of the HLA-DR antigens but used Raji and Daudi cells as the
Adapting and applying a multiple domain model of condom use to Chinese college students

This study adapts a multiple domain model (MDM) to explain condom use among a sample of sexually active Chinese college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model. Preparatory behaviors, theory of reasoned action (TRA)/theory of planned behavior variables, impulsivity, length of relationship, and alcohol use were significant direct predictors of condom use. The results suggest that MDM can provide a better understanding of heterosexual condom use among Chinese youth, and help in the design of HIV-preventive and safer sex interventions in China.
Molecular basis for the inability of an oxygen atom donor ligand to replace the natural sulfur donor heme axial ligand in cytochrome P450 catalysis. Spectroscopic characterization of the Cys436Ser CYP2B4 mutant.

Abstract All cytochrome P450s (CYPs) contain a cysteinate heme iron proximal ligand that plays a crucial role in their mechanism of action. Conversion of the proximal Cys436 to Ser in NH2-truncated microsomal CYP2B4 (ΔCYP2B4) transforms the enzyme into a two-electron NADPH oxidase producing H2O2 without monooxygenase activity [K.P. Vatsis, H.M. Peng, M.J. Coon, J. Inorg. Biochem. 91 (2002) 542–553]. To examine the effects of this ligation change on the heme iron spin-state and coordination structure of ΔC436S CYP2B4, the magnetic circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectra of several oxidation/ligation states of the variant have been measured and compared with those of structurally defined heme complexes. The spectra of the substrate-free ferric mutant are indicative of a high-spin five-coordinate structure ligated by anionic serinate. The spectroscopic properties of the dithionite-reduced (deoxyferrous) protein are those of a five-coordinate (high-spin) state, and it is concluded that the proximal ligand has been protonated to yield neutral serine (ROH-donor). Low-spin six-coordinate ferrous complexes of the mutant with neutral sixth ligands (NO, CO, and O2) examined are also likely ligated by neutral serine, as would be expected for ferric complexes with anionic sixth ligands such as the hydroperoxo-ferric catalytic intermediate. Ligation of the heme iron by neutral serine vs. deprotonated cysteine is likely the result of the large difference in their acidity. Thus, without the necessary proximal ligand push of the cysteinate, although the ΔC436S mutant can accept two electrons and two protons, it is unable to heterolytically cleave the O–O bond of the hydroperoxo-ferric species to generate Compound I and hydroxylate the substrate.
Criterion for Application of the Differential Doppler Method

DIFFERENTIAL Doppler measurements on radio waves emitted from artificial satellites have been successfully used to obtain data of the ionospheric electron content. Uncertainties inherent in the indiscriminate use of this method have not been discussed so far. Attempts to obtain Doppler data of high precision indicate that the consequences of the basic assumptions must be considered. It is therefore necessary to interpret differential Doppler data with care.
Know‐Where: Geographies of Knowledge of World Politics

The problem of “foundations” is a crucial one for any field, particularly perhaps one with as varied a possible repertoire of elementary sources as the study of world politics. In this paper, I draw attention to how some different ways of thinking about where knowledge is produced and how it circulates can be used to inform understanding about geographies of knowledge of world politics. Such geographies, however, are not ends in themselves. The point is to understand the ontological bases of knowing from perspectives that do not privilege a singular history of knowledge associated with a specific world region or of conceptions of knowledge that implicitly or explicitly presume their self-evident universality. In other words, we need to move beyond the all-too-conventional repertoires of relativism and positivism in understanding the bases to knowing about world politics/international relations. The paper suggests some ways forward, which should now be the subject of vigorous debate.
Extension of Noether's theorem to constrained non-conservative dynamical systems

Abstract A method based on a differential variational principle is developed in order to extend Noether's theorem to constrained non-conservative dynamical systems. The result is applied to generate constants of the motion for a generic example of a non-linear, dissipative dynamical system with time-varying coefficients represented by the Emden equation. The converse of Noether's theorem, whereby the symmetries of the system are determined from the knowledge of the Lagrangian and a first integral is also considered for both the Emden equation, and that of the damped harmonic oscillator. It is further shown that the presence of ideal constraints (whether holonomic or non-holonomic) does not affect the statement of Noether's theorem. The constraints affect the Jacobi energy integral, however, because they enter into consideration through real work instead of virtual work. It is shown that the Jacobi integral is conserved provided that: (a) the Lagrangian is explicitly independent of time, (b) the real power of the generalized forces not derivable from a potential vanish, (c) the holonomic constraints are explicitly independent of time, (d) the non-holonomic constraints are linear and homogeneous in the generalized velocities.
A 40-Year-Old Woman With a Strong Family History of Breast Cancer

DR DALEY: Mrs T is a 40-year-old married mother of 3 children with a strong family history of breast cancer who is considering genetic testing and tamoxifen therapy. She lives on Cape Cod, Mass, and works at home caring for her 3 children, ages 7, 5, and 2. Her health insurance is provided through a managed care plan. Mrs T is in good health. She is of Dutch and English ancestry. Her maternal grandmother was diagnosed with breast cancer in her seventh decade and was treated with surgery. She died of causes unrelated to breast cancer. Mrs T’s mother developed breast cancer and died of complications related to breast cancer metastatic to bone. Her sister developed breast cancer at age 26 and died at age 38 of complications related to metastatic breast cancer to lymphatics and lung. Mrs T has had yearly mammography since age 23 and semiannual breast examinations. She practices breast selfexamination. Mrs T has decided not to have genetic testing because she is aware that negative test results do not assure her that she will not develop breast cancer. She says that having a prophylactic mastectomy would be a “big” decision. After several months of consideration, she recently began a course of tamoxifen and has not experienced any noticeable adverse effects. She is ambivalent about genetic testing, wants to know what the future of “gene therapy” is, and is curious about what the future holds for her 2-yearold daughter. Her past medical history is not significant. She drinks socially and smokes about one-half pack of cigarettes daily. Her only current medication is tamoxifen. Physical examination in the fall of 1998 revealed a thin woman in no acute distress. General physical examination findings were normal. Breast examination findings were normal without palpable masses and no axillary masses. Mammogram was negative for masses or calcifications.
Mathematical analysis of oxygen transport to tissue

Abstract The mathematical analysis of steady state oxygen distribution in a Krogh cylinder is presented in this paper. Perturbation techniques are used to determine the effect of axial diffusion when the diameter of the Krogh cylinder is small compared to its length. Separate asymptotic expansions are developed for the arterial end, the central region, and the venous end of the Krogh cylinder. Solutions are obtained for each of these regions, and they are combined, using the methods of matched asymptotic expansions, to obtain a solution that is uniformly valid throughout the entire Krogh cylinder. The accuracy of the perturbation analysis is examined by comparing the approximate solution with the exact solution for the case of a linear oxyhemoglobin dissociation relationship. A simple analytic criterion is derived for determining when axial diffusion is important and when it can be neglected.
Theoretical aspects of demagnetization tensors

A magnetometric demagnetization tensor is defined for uniformly-magnetized samples of arbitrary geometry. It is shown that this is a real symmetric tensor with non-negative diagonal elements and unit trace. Diagonalization of the magnetometric demagnetization tensor yields the Brown-Morrish equivalent ellipsoid and the conclusion that Stoner-Wohlfarth particles of any surface geometry have only two easy directions of magnetization. Transformation of the tensor, subject to periodicity constraints, leads to the conclusion that uniformly-magnetized samples with rotational periodicity, of order n \geq 3 about a single axis, have isotropic behavior perpendicular to that axis. It is also shown that if a sample has spherical periodicity with four or more vertices it does not exhibit shape anisotropy. Various methods for determining the numerical values of the tensor elements are presented.
Extrahepatic portal vein stenosis in recipients of living-donor allografts: Doppler sonography.

The aim of this study was to describe the appearances obtained and the pitfalls involved with the use of Doppler sonography for detecting portal vein stenoses after surgery in 198 recipients of pediatric reduced-size transplants.We analyzed sonographic and Doppler studies after surgery for 167 children (average, 2.5 years old) who were recipients of 198 left lobe or left lateral segment liver segments (79 living-donor allografts and 119 cadaveric grafts). Sonographic and Doppler studies were performed either on the basis of clinical evidence of portal hypertension or as part of a screening protocol. Demographic and surgical data were compared with the incidence of portal vein structure. We calculated pressure gradients from Doppler jet velocities and compared them with gradients measured manometrically from direct portography in 12 patients. Imaging criteria that indicated portal vein stenoses were (1) a visualized portal vein diameter of 2.5 mm or less, (2) an acceleration of flow at the stricture or a p...
Detection of cannabinoid receptors by photoaffinity labelling.

Abstract A novel [ 125 I]-labelled photoaffinity ligand designed to detect cannabinoid binding sites has been used in mouse brain preparations and in cultured S49 mouse lymphoma cells. The ligand, 2-iodo-5′-azido-Δ 8 -THC, shows a high affinity for sites in both brain (K d = 5.60 pM) and whole cell (K d = 9.38 pM) systems. Photolabelling studies with brain samples revealed the existence of four ligand-protein adducts, of estimated molecular weights 85.5, 62.1, 30.0 and 25.5 kDa, that were diminished by prior exposure to 8 μM THC. A similar study with S49 cells gave adducts with apparent molecular weights of 62.1, 34.4, 16.9 and 13.5 kDa. The ligand produces a typical cannabinoid cataleptic response in mice suggesting that possibly one or more of the binding sites may be involved in some of the receptor mediated actions of THC.
Tracer-kinetic analysis for measuring regional cerebral blood flow by dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in vivo has proved useful in the study of normal and diseased states in the brain. This circumstance has led to a variety of techniques for its quantitative determination and has continued to motivate the search for ever safer and more accurate methods of measurement. Recently, the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in medical imaging has stimulated efforts to make it the basis for a non-invasive method of measuring flow in the brain. New advances in fast NMR imaging (MRI) provide data potentially amenable to analysis by tracer-kinetic methods. Such an analysis has not previously been available. In this paper we present theoretical results that may permit measurement of brain blood flow by NMR. The data interpreted by our model are those generated by a novel MRI protocol developed by Perman et al. (1992, Magn. Reson. Med. 28, 74-83; Radiology 185(P), Abstr. 154, 127) that is entirely compatible with existing routine MRI procedures. These data are fast dynamic NMR signals that reflect passage of an intravenously administered paramagnetic contrast agent serving as a plasma tracer. Our equations show how to use such data sequences to determine plasma mean transit time, plasma volume, and plasma and whole-blood flow in arbitrarily selected regions of interest in the brain. The theory accounts rigorously for recirculation of tracer to the imaged regions. Our analysis provides an explanation for the linear relationship observed experimentally by others between regional vascular volumes and time integrals of vascular-tracer residue curves, and shows that this relationship remains valid in the presence of tracer recirculation.
On the Use of Ascorbic Acid as a Stabilizing Agent in Purified Chick Rations

Abstract OCCASIONALLY, vitamin deficiency symptoms are observed with purified diets that appear to be adequately fortified with vitamins (Lyman and Elvehjem, 1951; Barnett et al., 1956). Certain salt mixtures used in purified diets appear to have a destructive effect on some vitamins of the B-group, especially on thiamine (Rombouts, 1953; Waibel et al., 1954). Kandutsch and Bauman (1953) suggested that thiamine destruction might take place in an aqueous medium in a film around the ration particles, that atmospheric oxygen is the destructive agent, and that some components of the salt mixture act as catalysts to speed this destruction. They also showed that glycerol, ascorbic acid, and a number of other compounds increased the stability of thiamine. This has led in some instances to the use of ascorbic acid as a stabilizing agent for purified diets. In the following experiments a purified diet was fed with different mineral- and vitamin mixtures, with …
Race-Ethnicity Is Related to Biomarkers of Iron and Iodine Status after Adjusting for Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Variables in NHANES 2003–2006

The NHANES 2003-2006 has assessed iron and iodine status, 2 trace element nutrients of continued public health interest, in the U.S. population. We investigated associations of sociodemographic (age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, dietary supplement use) variables with the iron status indicators serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and body iron in women aged 20-49 y (n = 2539, 2513, and 2509, respectively) and with urine iodine, a biomarker of iodine intake, in adults aged ≥ 20 y (n = 3066). Significant correlations between the study variables and biomarkers were weak (|r| ≤ 0.24). Urine creatinine (uCr) was moderately significantly correlated with urine iodine (r = 0.52). The individual variables explained ≤ 5% of the variability in biomarker concentrations in bivariate analysis. In multiple regression models, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together explained 4-13% of the variability in iron indicators and 41% of the variability in urine iodine (uCr in the model). The adjusted estimated body iron was ≈ 1 unit (mg/kg) lower in non-Hispanic black vs. non-Hispanic white women and ≈ 1 unit higher in women who smoked vs. those who did not and in women consuming 1 vs. 0 alcoholic drinks/d. The adjusted estimated urine iodine concentration (uCr in the model) was 34% lower in non-Hispanic blacks vs. non-Hispanic whites, 22% higher in supplement users vs. nonusers, and 11% higher with every 10-y increase in age. In summary, after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (and uCr in the iodine model), race-ethnicity retained a strong association with sTfR, body iron, and urine iodine; smoking and alcohol consumption with iron biomarkers; and supplement use and age with urine iodine.
A computer-assisted system for reconstructing and interpreting the dynamic three-dimensional relationships of the outer surface, nucleus and pseudopods of crawling cells

Newly developed software additions to the three-dimensional dynamic image analysis system, 3D-DIAS, are described for simultaneously reconstructing and motion analyzing in three dimensions the outer surface, nucleus and pseudopods of living, crawling cells. This new system is then used to describe for the first time a nuclear behavior cycle in translocating Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and to investigate the role of pseudopod extension in this process. The nuclear behavior cycle is tuned to the two phases of the general cell behavior cycle [Wessels et al., 1994], and includes nuclear migration both in the z- and in the x,y-axes from the proximal border of the prior anterior pseudopod to the proximal border of a newly expanding anterior pseudopod. Nuclear migration is cued by pseudopod-substratum contact, achieves velocities in excess of 50 microm/min, and is accompanied by characteristic changes in nuclear shape. The rules and characteristics of nuclear behavior are demonstrated to be intact in two mutants affecting pseudopod formation, a myosin IB null mutant (myoB-) and a myosin II heavy chain phosphorylation mutant (3XALA). The rules and characteristics of nuclear migration, however, are disrupted upon dissolution of microtubules by colcemid. Together the above results demonstrate that the newly developed 3D-DIAS system can be used to gain new insights into the dynamic changes in the intracellular 3D architecture associated with cellular translocation.
Effects of illumination level on visual performance and fatigue.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of the level of illumination intensity to performance and fatigue in visual work. The question of illumination requirements is of considerable importance from the point of view of physiological optics, industrial physiology, and public health. Yet a large part of the research done in the past leaves much to be desired in regard to general approach and specific testing techniques as well as experimental analysis and statistical evaluation. In the present series six illumination levels (2, 5, 15, 50, 100, and 300 footcandles) were studied in repeated experiments in six normal subjects. The work task involved recognition of fine details (letters) and reproduced the essential features of a conveyor inspection operation. In addition to the studying of various criteria of work performance and their change in the course of 2 hours of work, a large battery of visual tests was applied before and after the work so as to characterize the degree of fatigue. Varied illumination affected the performance more than the functional criteria of fatigue. Only one function, the recognition time for stimuli of threshold size, showed a decreasing degree of fatigue up to 300 ft.-c, all other variables, including performance, which changed with a changing level of illumination showed an optimum at 100 ft.-c. The demonstration of an optimum level of illumination makes highly questionable the current practice of recommending “minimum” levels of illumination for industrial jobs, since deterioration of performance and increase in fatigue may result when the optimal level is exceeded. The optimum of 100 ft.-c for the present strenuous visual task is at or below the minimum which should be recommended on the basis of the code of the Illuminating Engineering Society.
Usefulness of the electrophysiology laboratory for evaluation of proarrhythmic drug response in coronary artery disease.

Abstract Two potential manifestations of proarrhythmic responses to type IA antiarrhythmic agents in the electrophysiology laboratory were evaluated in 122 patients with chronic coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction: (1) conversion of uniform nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) into sustained VT after drug administration, and (2) induction of sustained VT by fewer extrastimuli after drug administration. Forty-two patients were evaluated for nonsustained VT. Eighty patients were evaluated for sustained VT: 30 of these had spontaneous sustained VT only while receiving empiric therapy with quinidine or procainamide, whereas the remaining 50 developed spontaneous VT in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. All patients underwent programmed stimulation in the baseline state and after procainamide. Four patients had conversion of induced uniform nonsustained VT into the same morphology, but sustained VT after procainamide administration. These responses only occurred in patients evaluated for nonsustained VT. Over 90% of patients presenting with sustained VT had uniform sustained VT induced at the baseline study and after procainamide, regardless of whether the spontaneous arrhythmia occurred only in the presence or absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. There was no significant difference in the change in mode of induction from baseline to procainamide study, regardless of whether patients had developed spontaneous VT only in the presence or absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. One patient with no inducible VT at the baseline study had inducible uniform sustained VT after procainamide administration, and 1 patient with inducible VT at baseline developed spontaneous sustained uniform VT after procainamide administration. Both patients had developed spontaneous sustained VT only while receiving therapy with type IA agents. It is concluded that potential proarrhythmic effects may be observed in response to procainamide administration in the electrophysiology laboratory, but that this response is unusual in this population of patients with chronic coronary artery disease and ventricular arrhythmias: in 4 of 42 patients (10%) with spontaneous nonsustained VT, and 2 of 80 patients (2.5%) presenting with spontaneous sustained VT. It is premature to consider a decrease in the number of extrastimuli required to induce sustained VT after drug administration as a proarrhythmic drug effect.
Recovery from primary pontine hemorrhage

A patient with primary pontine hemorrhage showed typical ocular bobbing with only mild alteration of mental status. Serial CT scans showed resolution of the hemorrhage and correlated with clinical improvement.
NEIGHBORHOOD NETWORKS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: THE RELATIONSHIPS REVISITED

This article explores the relationship between informal networks of interaction and trust among neighbors and political engagement by neighborhood residents. The United States lacks mass-based poli...
Climate‐driven changes in biomass allocation in pines

Summary Future increases in air temperature resulting from human activities may increase the water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere. Understanding the responses of trees to spatial variation in VPD can strengthen our ability to predict how trees will respond to temporal changes in this important variable. Using published values, we tested the theoretical prediction that conifers decrease their investment in photosynthetic tissue (leaves) relative to water-conducting tissue in the stem (sapwood) as VPD increases. The ratio of leaf/sapwood area (AL/AS) decreased significantly with increasing VPD in Pinus species but not in Abies, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga and Picea, and the average AL/AS was significantly lower for pines than other conifers (pines: 0.17 m2 cm−2; nonpines: 0.44 m2 cm−2). Thus, pines adjusted to increasing aridity by altering above-ground morphology while nonpine conifers did not. The average water potential causing a 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity was −3.28 MPa for pines and −4.52 MPa for nonpine conifers, suggesting that pines are more vulnerable to xylem embolism than other conifers. For Pinus ponderosa the decrease in AL/AS with high VPD increases the capacity to provide water to foliage without escalating the risk of xylem embolism. Low AL/AS and plasticity in this variable may enhance drought tolerance in pines. However, lower AL/AS with increasing VPD and an associated shift in biomass allocation from foliage to stems suggests that pines may expend more photosynthate constructing and supporting structural mass and carry less leaf area as the climate warms.
Continuous Submarginal Phosphorus with Broilers and the Effect of Preslaughter Transportation: Carcass Defects, Further-Processing Yields, and Tibia-Femur Integrity

Abstract Broiler males were given a series of feeds from 0 to 8 wk having all nutrients advocated by the NRC (1984) and were compared with birds offered feeds with available P continuously 10% below recommendation. At termination, birds in pens were divided for cooping, and coops were either subjected to 6 h of truck transportation and 4 h of preslaughter rest or held stationary for 10 h. High summer temperatures existed throughout experimentation, and low dietary P reduced body weight gain through the first 6 wk, whereas an advantage in feed conversion and mortality occurred from 6 to 8 wk. Weight loss increased when birds were subjected to transportation, regardless of P nutriture, and a portion of the loss was recovered during processing as gain in relative chilled carcass yield. Proportions of abdominal fat and skinless boneless meats from chilled carcasses were unaltered, regardless of treatment. Increased incidence of deformed drumsticks occurred because of low P as did drumstick bruising, which was further accentuated when birds had been transported. Back bruising was prominent when P was adequate and birds were held stationary, whereas the converse occurred with transportation. Tibia length was reduced as a consequence of low P, whereas the femur suffered in terms of decreased mineral density at the epiphyses and resistance to Instron-applied stress. Although transportation in itself did not affect any bone measurement, inadequate P weakened the skeleton to increase likelihood of carcass defects during preslaughter stress.
Self-assembled oligonucleotide semiconductor conjugated to GaN nanostructures for biophotonic applications

We investigate the optical properties of a new class of wide-bandgap semiconductor based biomaterial system. We have synthesized a guanosine derivative with a strong dipole moment, which self-assemble in ~ 50 -100 nm confined pits to form a ribbon like semiconductor structure (SAGC). SAGC were successfully self-assembled on GaN/AlN QD matrix and the luminescence from GaN QDs can be resonantly transferred to the SAGC molecules resulting in a significant enhancement in emission from the guanine molecules. We also propose the design of ultraviolet-visible photonic bandgap structures based on hybrid SAGC-GaN photonic crystal.
Building an undergraduate computer science research experience

Many educators have noted the benefits of providing undergraduate students a research experience including increased retention, greater interest in graduate school, and an enhanced educational experience. Different approaches and guidelines have been proposed to accommodate the constraints of working with undergraduate students such as lack of academic maturity, limited student time, and a less developed knowledge base. In our Computer Science program, we have attempted to integrate various aspects of a general approach to research in courses throughout the major. Students get more in-depth exposure and practice in conducting elements of research as they progress through the major. The experience is culminated in two senior-level activities with major research components. In these activities, students are faced with ill-defined problems requiring extensive background investigation and must develop a unique idea to implement, analyze, and formally report on. This paper will describe the general research approach taught, how students are introduced to various aspects of the approach in their courses, and the senior-level experiences in detail with specific examples. The paper concludes with our experience regarding the effectiveness of this approach in providing a research experience.
Social rhythm in anxiety disorder patients

The social rhythm metric (SRM) is a self-report diary instrument, which generates a numerical measure of rhythmicity of daily life behaviors. Depression researchers have proposed that life events cause disruption of social rhythmicity and this leads to disturbance in the sense of well being and to disruption of physiologic rhythmicity known to be related to depressive episodes. We hypothesized that low rhythmicity of daily activities might also be characteristic of anxiety disorder patients. Subjects: Forty-eight patients who met DSM III-R criteria for an anxiety disorder were recruited and compared with 41 previously monitored normal controls. Procedures: All patients and controls completed at least two weeks of daily monitoring with the SRM. Anxiety patients underwent structured diagnostic assessment and completed demographic and clinical rating scales. SRM was analyzed according to a previously developed algorithm. Results: Anxiety disorder patients report significantly lower regularity of daily activities than normal controls. The low SRM scores were not accounted for by the presence of comorbid affective disorder. Conclusions: We identify a new type of abnormality in anxiety disorder patients, which has potential clinical as well as theoretical interest. Anxiety 1:90–95 (1994). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Metrifonate Increases Neuronal Excitability in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons from Both Young and Aging Rabbit Hippocampus

The effects of metrifonate, a second generation cholinesterase inhibitor, were examined on CA1 pyramidal neurons from hippocampal slices of young and aging rabbits using current-clamp, intracellular recording techniques. Bath perfusion of metrifonate (10–200 μm) dose-dependently decreased both postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and spike frequency adaptation (accommodation) in neurons from young and aging rabbits (AHP: p < 0.002, young; p < 0.050, aging; accommodation: p < 0.024, young; p < 0.001, aging). These reductions were mediated by muscarinic cholinergic transmission, because they were blocked by addition of atropine (1 μm) to the perfusate. The effects of chronic metrifonate treatment (12 mg/kg for 3 weeks) on CA1 neurons of aging rabbits were also examined ex vivo . Neurons from aging rabbits chronically treated with metrifonate had significantly reduced spike frequency accommodation, compared with vehicle-treated rabbits. Chronic metrifonate treatment did not result in a desensitization to metrifonate ex vivo , because bath perfusion of metrifonate (50 μm) significantly decreased the AHP and accommodation in neurons from both chronically metrifonate- and vehicle-treated aging rabbits. We propose that the facilitating effect of chronic metrifonate treatment on acquisition of hippocampus-dependent tasks such as trace eyeblink conditioning by aging subjects may be caused by this increased excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Regression of Tumor Growth and Induction of Long-Term Antitumor Memory by Interleukin 12 Electro-Gene Therapy

Background: Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a proinflammatory cytokine with antitumor activity. Plasmid-based intratumoral gene therapy for treating malignancy with IL-12 or other genes is safe, inexpensive, and simple to carry out. However, effective delivery methods for injecting DNA plasmid into a tumor to generate therapeutic levels of gene product are lacking. To overcome this obstacle, we used electroporation to deliver the IL-12 gene intratumorally in a murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model, SCCVII. Methods: Plasmids with or without mouse IL-12 gene were injected into SCCVII tumors of C3H/HeJ mice ( n=5p er group). Electric pulses were then applied to the tumors, a process termed electro-gene therapy. The first treatment was administered when the tumor reached 4–6 mm in diameter, and the second treatment followed a week later. The tumor size, survival, and ability to generate systemic antitumor memory were assessed at various time intervals. Changes in gene expression were measured using northern blot analysis, and vessel density and T-cell infiltration were examined by immunostaining. The results were analyzed by two-sided Student’s t tests. Results: Electroporation of 20 µg or 40 µg of IL-12 DNA plasmid eradicated tumors in 40% of mice ( P= .031 and .022, respectively). A total of six mice from two separate experiments with regressed tumors were challenged with homologous SCCVII tumor cells multiple times; three of six mice showed no tumor growth for more than 11 months and thus indicated the generation of antitumor memory in these mice. IL-12 electro-gene therapy was associated with increased expression of IL-12, interferon-, monokine induced by interferon-, and interferon-inducible protein 10. IL-12 electro-gene therapy was also associated with decreased vessel density and increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells after the second administration (P = .02 and .03, respectively). Conclusion: IL-12 electro-gene therapy appears to be effective in reducing tumor growth by triggering both antiangiogenic effects and an immune response. The antitumor memory was seen to last more than 11 months. Because IL-12 electro-gene therapy is easy to administer and is effective, it could potentially be applicable in the treatment of electrode-accessible malignancies, such as head and neck SCCs. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:762–8]
Toxic Effect of Aliphatic Alcohols Against Susceptible and Permethrin-Resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)

Abstract The effectiveness of 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, and 1-dodecanol was evaluated by immersion method against susceptible and permethrin-resistant head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, from Buenos Aires, Argentina. All the tested alcohols showed knockdown effect at 10 min and mortality 18 h after treatment. The highest activity was found for the 1-dodecanol (KC50 2.55%, LC50 2.28%) and the lowest for 1-octanol (KC50 8%, LC50 4.46%). The toxicity to the head lice systematically increased with the increase in carbon atoms in the n-aliphatic alcohol moiety, and with the octanol:water coefficient (r2 = 0.94). The pediculicidal activity of 1-dodecanol was not correlated with resistance to permethrin, because no significant difference was observed between toxicity parameters in the susceptible (MAR) and the permethrin-resistant populations which had different resistant levels (RR 5.77× for E49 population, RR 9.5× for HL population and RR > 35.3× for GH population). The pediculici...
Magnesium site exchange in forsterite: A direct measurement by high-temperature 25MgNMR spectroscopy

High-resolution 25Mg NMR data are reported for a single crystal of pure forsterite (Mg2Si04) at temperatures to about 1400 °C, which allow rates of exchange of Mg cations among specific sites in the structure to be obtained. Results are consistent with estimates of hopping frequencies derived from macroscopic diffusivity data, suggesting that this approach holds potential for tracing microscopic diffusion pathways in even very refractory minerals.
A SLAM Based Semantic Indoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired Users

The main objective of our work is to demonstrate how recommender systems can be deployed to enhance access to museum collections. Visitors of museums are often overwhelmed by the information available in the space they are exploring. Therefore, finding relevant artworks to see in a limited amount of time is a crucial task. In this paper, we present a recommender system for mobile devices that (1) adapts to the users profiles and (2) is sensitive to their context (location, time, expertise, etc.). Our system aims to improve the visitors' experience and help them build their tours on-site according to their preferences and constraints. We first describe our recommendation framework, which consists in a hybrid recommendation system. It combines a semantic approach for the representation of museum domain using ontologies and thesauruses with a semantically-enhanced collaborative filtering method. Then, we present a contextual post filtering that enables the generation of a highly personalized tour based on the physical environment, the location of the visitors and the time they want to spend in the museum.
BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Physiologic effects of ergot alkaloids: What happens when excretion does not equal consumption?,

Increased persistence of tall fescue () infested with an endophytic fungus, (formerly ), in forage-based agriculture has led to increased effort in understanding the negative effects caused by consumption of ergot alkaloids by animals consuming this forage. Ergot alkaloids have been shown to have an extremely short plasma half-life, but this does not necessarily equate to total clearance. Studies that measured consumption and excretion of alkaloids have demonstrated that in the case of ergovaline, less is excreted than is consumed. The fate of ergot alkaloids that leave circulation but are not excreted is not well understood. Consequently, these "alkaloid balance studies" have led to speculation that ergovaline might bioaccumulate in the animal. Unfortunately, few data indisputably support this outcome. Progress has been slowed by the fact that the fungus produces a multitude of different ergot alkaloids that can bind to a variety of different receptors. Binding studies have shown that ergot alkaloids have unusually slow receptor dissociation rates that have been described as irreversible and contribute to a persistent signaling effect. In vitro analyses have revealed a potential for accumulation of ergot alkaloids through repetitive exposures to low concentrations creating a "depot" of alkaloids available to interact with receptors. The specific high binding affinity of ergot alkaloids combined with the potential turnover of alkaloids bound nonspecifically could extend residual effects of these compounds. Interestingly, cattle exposed to ergot alkaloids in vivo have a consistently lower vascular response to agonists that target receptors known to bind ergot alkaloids. If these same receptors are blocked with an antagonist, contractile response to ergopeptine alkaloids is also reduced significantly (>60% reduction). This observation that alkaloid exposure interrupts normal function of a receptor can persist 5 to 6 wk after animals have been removed from an ergot alkaloid source (and prolactin levels have long since returned to normal). Thus, clearance of ergot alkaloids from cattle grazing pasture with ergot alkaloid-producing endophytes may occur in a similar gradual manner. Studies that improve the understanding of how cattle process ergot alkaloids will help answer the question of whether ergot alkaloids bioaccumulate.
Viral Etiology of Testicular Tumors

AbstractTesticular carcinoma and Hodgkin’s disease are among the most frequent malignancies afflicting young men in the 15 to 39-year age group. These malignancies share other epidemiological characteristics as well, including multiple histological tumor types, higher rates of occurrence in white, urbanized populations and upper social classes, relative infrequency among black populations, low but definite familial occurrence and an early geographically acquired lifetime risk irrespective of later migration. Both diseases are increasing in this country. This epidemiological similarity suggests exposure to an infectious agent early in life. The Epstein-Barr virus is known to be oncogenic and neonatal exposure with early infection is believed to be associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma in African children. High titers of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen also have been reported in a series of studies comparing patients with Hodgkin’s disease and controls. Because testicular cancer is epidemio...
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: pneumonectomy for synchronous primary lung malignancies

Background: Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) initially demonstrated slow adoption amongst thoracic surgeons, VATS is now widely accepted and the techniques are associated with equivalent nodal dissection and, improved perioperative morbidity and, in some cases, superior perioperative survival compared to thoracotomy. Using a video-assisted, minimal access technique that requires marginal or no rib spreading, VATS provides improved postoperative pain and decreased time-to-recovery after surgery. However, complex resective cases, such as pneumonectomy, are not commonly accomplished minimally invasively. We share the surgical technique for VATS pneumonectomy based on our experience. Methods: A 71-year-old patient underwent VATS pneumonectomy for synchronous, ipsilateral primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results: Our patient had no perioperative complications and was discharged to home on postoperative day 4. The patient’s pain was managed with oral analgesics. Greater than ten lymph nodes were examined, all margins were negative for residual tumor. The patient did not require adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. Conclusions: VATS pneumonectomy is a safe and effective procedure that provides many clinical benefits to the patient. Our results suggest that clinicians should consider VATS pneumonectomy for primary treatment of patients with synchronous primary lung cancers when appropriate.
Impact of Respiration on LV Volume and Function Using rt-MRI

Author(s): Contijoch, Francisco; Berisha, Sebastian; Gorman, Joseph H; Gorman, Robert C; Witschey, Walter R; Han, Yuchi
Hispanic and Asian Performance on Selection Tests:Two (Largely) “Forgotten” Minorities?

Hispanics are both the largest and fastest growing minority in the US workforce. Asians also make up a substantial and increasing portion of the US workforce. Yet, there has been relatively little research in the staffing literature investigating how either group fare on various predictors of job performance. We reviewed literature on both construct centered predictors (e.g., job knowledge tests and personality tests) as well as job centered predictors (e.g., work sample tests and situational judgment tests). The literature is very sparse. For example, we found no organizational samples addressing Hispanic – White or Asian – White differences on biodata, job experience, or background checks. And most of the studies we found were influenced by range restriction and, therefore, provided downwardly biased estimates of group differences. Overall, we were quite surprised to find how little staffing researchers know about these nearly “forgotten” groups. We suggest that there is a great need for research in thi...
A Location Based Key Management System for Advanced Metering Infrastructure of Smart Grid

In smart cities, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an integral part of utility service which allows automated metering, control and monitoring. Since AMI employs a wireless network for communication, data privacy becomes a burning issue. The attacker can decode the smart meter consumption data, various control commands of components of the smart grid, infuse false command and may even take over the system. Since a smart meter has limited memory and computational capability, we need a light but robust security scheme. In this paper, we propose a location based encryption method where the source node encrypts the data with a key that is associated with its own coordinate points, the destination node receives this data and decrypts it with the key. Since GPS doesn't work inside the multi-stored and in some geographical location like forests, hilly place etc., we propose the localization of source nodes (meters) by Received Signal Strength (RSS) using Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). Finally the strength of security of a data packet is analyzed.
Influence of mice mononuclear cells transfected with Ad-EGFP-mdr1 on ultrastructure

Objective To observe the influence of mice mononuclear cells transfected with recombinant adenovirus containing EGFP and mdr1 on ultrastructure.Methods Mice mononuclear cells were primarily cultured and transfected with Ad-EGFP mdr1.EGFP,the reporter gene,was observed by fluorescence inverted microscope.The ultrastructures and the viruses were located by transmission electron microscope.Results mdr1 represented by EGFP was expressed in the experiment group.Many of viruses were in the mononuclear cells and the ultrastructures were not abnomal.Conclusion It is safe to transfect the Ad-EGFP-mdr1 into mice mononuclear cells.
Alterations in mitochondrial RNA expression after renal ischemia

Ischemia and reperfusion damage mitochondrial structure and impair respiratory function. In this study, 45 min of renal ischemia followed by varying periods of reflow profoundly depressed the activity of several respiratory complexes in mitochondria isolated from rat kidneys. The respiratory complexes are composed of subunits encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. To determine the role of mitochondrial gene expression in recovery of respiratory function, expression of mitochondrial RNA was examined during reperfusion. Both mature and incompletely processed cytochrome b mRNA levels were depressed after 45 min of ischemia and 15 min of reflow; levels rebounded to above normal after 2 h of reflow and then declined over the next 22 h. Another mitochondrial RNA showed a similar pattern; in contrast, the levels of a nuclear-encoded subunit mRNA for a respiratory enzyme and of 28S rRNA were unchanged. These data demonstrate that renal ischemia followed by reperfusion alters mitochondrial RNA expression. We speculate that mitochondrial RNA turnover is increased in response to continuing injury and that recovery is accompanied by enhanced RNA synthesis.