cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Presence and Absence of Legal Mind: A Commentary on Duncan Kennedy's 'Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought, 1850-2000'

In the last couple of years Duncan Kennedy’s 2006 essay, “Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought: 1850-2000,” has been used to kickstart a debate on the nature of “contemporary legal thought” through workshops organized at the University of Colorado Law School and at Harvard Law School. This is a debate that will continue. In this commentary I consider whether “Three Globalizations” supplies a credible history for the contemporary. Returning to his famous “The Rise and Fall of Classical Legal Thought,” Kennedy’s “Three Globalizations” considers the international dissemination of classical legal thought, and of its successor (socially-oriented legal thought). It also sketches the outlines of a third globalization – modern legal consciousness – apparent in the wake of the decomposition of social-oriented legal thought after 1968. My commentary argues that legal historians should take Kennedy’s work very seriously as legal history, but also that strange bedfellows – Milton Friedman and Michel Foucault - may provide an equally persuasive guide to contemporary legal thought.
Multimedia file systems survey: approaches for continuous media disk scheduling

We understand multimedia data processing as the handling of audio and video data together with traditional data like text and images. This multimedia data is to be stored with and by a multimedia file system which comprises one or more of the following three issues: (1) The file system can rely on various types of different physical storage devices; however, we usually encounter the same devices as in any other high performance computers; (2) the organization of files in a contiguous order and the data structuring with ropes and strands improves the throughput at the expense of additional management effort; (3) the main goal of traditional disk scheduling is to reduce the cost of seek operations, to achieve a high throughput, and to provide a fair disk access. In multimedia disk scheduling the main goal is to meet all deadlines of the time critical tasks. The buffer requirement should be kept low, and aperiodic requests should not starve, i.e. a balance between the time constraints and efficiency must be found. This paper presents a survey of these three issues, with the focus on disk scheduling. It shows how the traditional disk scheduling techniques 'first come first serve', 'shortest seek time first', SCAN and C-SCAN are enhanced or substituted by EDF, SCAN-EDF, 'group sweeping scheduling', a 'mixed strategy' and a 'continuous media file system' approach.
Palmitylcarnitine inhibition of the calcium pump in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: A possible role in myocardial ischemia

Abstract Palmitylcarnitine is a time-dependent inhibitor of the Ca 2 + -ATPase activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from adult dogs. Half-maximal inhibition was obtained at approximately 20 μM (2 μmoles/mg). The extent of inhibition depended on the ratio of palmitylcarnitine to sarcoplasmic reticulum protein. Calcium uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (measured in the presence of sodium oxalate) was found to be even more sensitive to inhibition by palmitylcarnitine and complete inhibition was obtained at concentrations as low as 2.5 μM (0.25 μmole/mg) following preincubation. Calcium binding (measured in the absence of oxalate) was inhibited by palmitylcarnitine and calcium release was stimulated at similar ratios. The level of palmitylcarnitine has been reported to increase several fold in myocardial ischemia and inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump could conceivably contribute either to the initial loss of contractility or the subsequent inability to restore full contractile function after prolonged ischemia.
Meal Composition and Its Effect on Postprandial Sleepiness

Drowsiness is a commonly experienced phenomenon following food ingestion. The present two experiments were designed to assess separately the effects of a solid meal compared to a liquid meal and to an equal volume of water, and the effects of meal constituents (high-fat, high-carbohydrate, or mixed meal) on objective postprandial sleep latencies. Ten normal male subjects participated in each study. Both studies used identical protocols, differing only in the meals the subjects were fed. All subjects underwent a pre-meal baseline nap at 1600 hours. At 1700 hours, subjects consumed a test meal. Naps followed at 1730, 1800, 1900, and 2000 hours. Sleep onset latency was determined by standard polysomnographic measures. In both studies, a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA procedure revealed no significant difference in sleep latencies among the meal conditions for the nap at 1600 hours. However, for the postprandial naps at 1730, 1800, and 2000 hours, the solid meal demonstrated a significant decrease in postprandial sleep latency compared with an equivalent volume of water (control). No significant differences in sleep latency were found between the food constituents. Results indicate that in contrast to a liquid meal, a solid meal produces a decrease in sleep onset latency when compared to an equivalent volume of water. Further, it was demonstrated that meal constituents have no effect on postprandial sleepiness.
Phase-transfer catalysis in organic analysis: ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of alcohols by formation of dithiocarbonates

Abstract After in situ derivatization to a dithiocarbonate (xanthate) in a carbon disulphide-aqueous sodium hydroxide two-phase system under phase-transfer catalysis conditions, a primary or secondary alcohol can be determined spectrophotometrically 300 nm.
Improved pulsed ion laser with active pulsing

An improved pulsed argon laser has been developed for use in an operational, laser generated, high resolution, multicolor, projection display system. The laser consists of a randomly pulsable ion laser discharge tube, an active pulsing current supply, and a permanently aligned package design which enables rapid and simple replacement of the discharge tube. A transistor switch bank is used to actively control the laser discharge current. Pulse repetition frequencies greater than 250, 000 pps with pulse duties approaching 100% have been demonstrated. Application of the laser to projection display systems is discussed.
Changes in macrophages and their functions with aging in C57BL/6J, AKR/J, and SJL/J mice.

Abstract Changes in phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and nonspecific esterase staining of peritoneal exudate mononuclear cells occurred with aging in B6, AKR/J, and SJL/J mice. Different patterns of change with aging were observed with each of these three parameters in each of the strains. In the long-lived B6 mice, a progressive increase with aging in all three parameters was seen. In AKR/J mice, progressive increase in phagocytosis and nonspecific esterase staining was observed but a decline of chemotaxis occurred with aging. In SJL/J mice, all three parameters were very low early in life and each showed a significant increment upon reaching the age when the characteristic malignant lymphoreticular disease occurs.
Lifestyle Physical Activity.

The concept of lifestyle physical activity arose from reassessment of epidemiologic evidence on physical activity and health and the development of new public health recommendations for physical activity. The research base on lifestyle physical activity remains limited, but studies to date have been consistent and of
Measurement of PM2.5 emission potential from soil using the UC Davis resuspension test chamber

Abstract Human health effects have been linked to airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter. One source of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere is resuspended soil dust from a variety of activities, including agricultural operations. We have established a method to measure the potential of soil to emit fugitive dust in the PM 10 or PM 2.5 size range. The method is repeatable, and provides an index of PM 10 or PM 2.5 dust that is highly correlated to the soil texture. The ratio of the PM 2.5 Index to the PM 10 Index produced by this method is similar to field observations of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations downwind of agricultural operations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The PM 2.5 or PM 10 Index will be a more useful parameter to estimate the potential of a soil to emit fugitive dust than the currently used dry silt content of soil. Research is currently underway to relate the PM 10 and PM 2.5 Index to measured emission factors, accounting for soil moisture and type of agricultural operation, so that a more reliable predictive equation can be developed for agricultural practices.
Single Cell Gene Expression Profiling in Alzheimer's Disease

Development and implementation of microarray techniques to quantify expression levels of dozens to hundreds to thousands of transcripts simultaneously within select tissue samples from normal control subjects and neurodegenerative diseased brains has enabled scientists to create molecular fingerprints of vulnerable neuronal populations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders. A goal is to sample gene expression from homogeneous cell types within a defined region without potential contamination by expression profiles of adjacent neuronal subpopulations and nonneuronal cells. The precise resolution afforded by single cell and population cell RNA analysis in combination with microarrays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)—based analyses allows for relative gene expression level comparisons across cell types under different experimental conditions and disease progression. The ability to analyze single cells is an important distinction from global and regional assessments of mRNA expression and can be applied to optimally prepared tissues from animal models of neurodegeneration as well as postmortem human brain tissues. Gene expression analysis in postmortem AD brain regions including the hippocampal formation and neocortex reveals selectively vulnerable cell types share putative pathogenetic alterations in common classes of transcripts, for example, markers of glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic-related markers, protein phosphatases and kinases, and neurotrophins/neurotrophin receptors. Expression profiles of vulnerable regions and neurons may reveal important clues toward the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of various neurological diseases and aid in identifying rational targets toward pharmacotherapeutic interventions for progressive, late-onset neurodegenerative disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
The "slow code" should be a "no code".

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is typically performed to sustain life in the throes of cardiopulmonary arrest, with the ultimate goal of returning a patient to some degree of health. It was fi...
The heterogenous relationship of food stamp participation with body mass: Quantile regression model

This study explores the heterogenous relationship between Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation and body mass index (BMI) for low income individuals whose per capita family income falls in the bottom two quintiles. We estimate changes in the dispersion of the entire distribution of BMI following FSP participation using a quantile regression model in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. For women, we find that the mean OLS estimate of FSP participation underestimates the extent of the positive association with BMI at the top quantiles in both cross-sectional and longitudinal individual fixed effects models. Controlling for individual fixed effects in the quantile regression model reduces the estimated magnitude of the association by a factor of three to four, although the estimates remain statistically significant for women. For men, a marginally statistically significant positive association of FSP participation with BMI is found at the top quantiles compared to no statistically significant mean estimate although the association is no longer statistically significant when time-constant individual heterogeneity is adjusted for in the individual fixed effect models.
CorteXlab: A facility for testing cognitive radio networks in a reproducible environment

While many theoretical and simulation works have highlighted the potential gains of cognitive radio, several technical issues still need to be evaluated from an experimental point of view. Deploying complex heterogeneous system scenarios is tedious, time consuming and hardly reproducible. To address this problem, we have developed a new experimental facility, called CorteXlab, that allows complex multi-node cognitive radio scenarios to be easily deployed and tested by anyone in the world. Our objective is not to design new software defined radio (SDR) nodes, but rather to provide a comprehensive access to a large set of high performance SDR nodes. The CorteXlab facility offers a 167 m 2 electromagnetically (EM) shielded room and integrates a set of 24 universal software radio peripherals (USRPs) from National Instruments, 18 PicoSDR nodes from Nutaq and 42 IoT-Lab wireless sensor nodes from Hikob. CorteXlab is built upon the foundations of the SensLAB testbed and is based the free and open-source toolkit GNU Radio. Automation in scenario deployment, experiment start, stop and results collection is performed by an experiment controller, called Minus. CorteXlab is in its final stages of development and is already capable of running test scenarios. In this contribution, we show that CorteXlab is able to easily cope with the usual issues faced by other testbeds providing a reproducible experiment environment for CR experimentation.
Electrostatic contributions to protein stability and folding energy

Abstract The ability to predict the thermal stability of proteins based on their corresponding sequence is a problem of great fundamental and practical importance. Here we report an approach for calculating the electrostatic contribution to protein stability based on the use of the semimacroscopic protein dipole Langevin dipole (PDLD/S) in its linear response approximation version for self-energy with a dielectric constant, ( e p ) and an effective dielectric for charge–charge interactions ( e eff ). The method is applied to the test cases of ubiquitin, lipase, dihydrofolate reductase and cold shock proteins with series of e p and e eff . It is found that the optimal values of these dielectric constants lead to very promising results, both for the relative stability and the absolute folding energy. Consideration of the specific values of the optimal dielectric constants leads to an exciting conceptual description of the reorganization effect during the folding process. Although this description should be examined by further microscopic studies, the practical use of the current approach seems to offer a powerful tool for protein design and for studies of the energetics of protein folding.
Chromosome Extraction and Revision of Linkage Group 2 in Tribolium castaneum

We used a balancer chromosome to recover ethylmethanesulfonate-induced recessive mutations in a targeted region of the genome of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) by the technique of chromosome extraction. The experiments reported herein constitute the first successful application of this powerful technique in the order Coleoptera. Using the balancer chromosome maxillopedia-Dachs3 (mxpDch-3), we recovered seven recessive visible variants representing seven distinct loci and several dozen recessive lethal variants representing at least five distinct loci after screening 1,607 EMS-mutagenized chromosomes. A subset of the mxpDch-3-extracted mutations were positioned on the map of the second linkage group by a series of two-, three-, and four-point crosses. The orientation of the homeotic gene complex (HOM-C) on this linkage group was also determined. With the advent of better and more varied balancer chromosomes and the concomitant improvement of chromosome extraction procedures for genetic analysis of T. castaneum, saturation mutagenesis of targeted regions of the genome is now feasible in this species.
Validation of smoke plume rise models using ground-based Lidar

Biomass fires can significantly degrade regional air quality through the emission of primary aerosols and the photochemical production of ozone and secondary aerosols. The injection height of smoke from biomass burning into the atmosphere (‘plume rise height’) is one of the critical factors in determining the impact of fire emissions on air quality. Plume rise models are used to simulate plume rise height and prescribe the vertical distribution of fire emissions for input to smoke dispersion and air quality models. While several plume rise models exist, their uncertainties, biases, and application limits when applied to biomass fires are not well characterized. The poor state of model evaluation is due in large part to a lack of appropriate observational datasets. We have initiated a research project to address this critical observation gap. In August of 2013 we performed a multi-agency field experiment designed to obtain the data necessary to improve the air quality models used by agricultural smoke managers in the northwestern United States. In the experiment, the ground-based mobile lidar, developed at the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Science Laboratory, was used to monitor plume rise heights for nine agricultural fires in the northwestern United States. The lidar measurements were compared with plume rise heights calculated with the Briggs equations, which are used in several smoke management tools. Here we present the preliminary evaluation results and provide recommendations regarding the application of the models to agricultural burning based on lidar measurements made in the vicinity of Walla Walla, Washington, on August 24, 2013.
From a spatial to a subjective framework: The semantic and pragmatic change of ni -marked NPs in Japanese discourse

The current study examines pre-modern and modern Japanese texts from the seventh ~ twentieth century, and documents the semantic and pragmatic change of ni-marked NPs, which include “dative subjects” and NPs which appear to refer to human referents. The data demonstrates that what are called “dative subjects” in modern Japanese are diachronically and synchronically related to the most prototypical meaning/usage of ni-marked NPs as a spatial framework. The original function underwent changes from more propositional to more subjective usages — from its most basic usage, indicating stative locations, to its metonymic usage, marking locations where individuals worthy of respect reside so as to avoid their explicit mention, and finally to its extended usage, indicating human referents. This extended usage further developed into a subjective framework for propositions in contemporary Japanese novels written in the first person perspective. This shift from propositional to expressive/subjective usages is not binary, but rather continual, and the transition from one usage to another involves each new usage coexisting with the prior ones.
SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN STUDIES OF THE LIQUID/SOLID INTERFACE

Since surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can detect adsorbed monolayers without interference from molecules in adjacent bulk phases, it is an ideal spectroscopic tool for studying adsorbate structure at the liquid/solid interface and for relating adsorbate structure to macroscopic properties at the interface. We have used SERS to examine the molecular conformation of a surfactant - a long chain alkyl thiol-on a silver-island film. For surfactant coated substrates in contact with air or a nonwetting fluid, the entire alkyl chain of the surfactant takes on an all trans conformation, similar to the conformation of the thiol in the neat solid. However, when a wetting fluid contacts the surfactant coated substrate, the carbons near the surface maintain their trans conformation while carbons farther from the surface alter their conformation and exhibit more gauche bonding. Such conformational changes suggest that wetting fluids penetrate adsorbed surfactant layers as opposed to nonwetting fluids which are hydrophobically excluded.
Efficient computation of lod scores: genotype elimination, genotype redefinition, and hybrid maximum likelihood algorithms

Summary Calculation of multilocus lod scores presents challenging problems in numerical analysis, combinatories, programming, and genetics. It is possible to accelerate these computations by exploiting the simple pedigree structure of a CEPH-type pedigree consisting of a nuclear family plus all four grandparents. Lathrop et al. (1986) have done’ this by introducing likelihood factorization and transformation rules and Lander & Green (1987) by the method of ‘hidden Markov chains’. The present paper explores an alternative approach based on genotype redefinition in the grandparents and systematic phase elimination in all pedigree members. All three approaches accelerate the computation of a single likelihood. Equally relevant to multilocus mapping are search strategies for finding the maximum likelihood estimates of recombination fractions. Hybrid algorithms that start with the EM algorithm and switch midway to quasi-Newton algorithms show promise. These issues are investigated in the context of a simulated 10 locus example. This same example allows us to illustrate a simple strategy for determining locus order.
PRECISE MAPPING OF THE GENE FOR Ly ‐21. 2 ON THE 7th CHROMOSOME

SUMMARY We have recently described a murine lymphocyte alloantigen, Ly-21.2, and showed that the gene which controls Ly-21.2 expression is linked to albinism on the 7th chromosome. In order to map the gene more precisely, we have studied the linkage of Ly-21.2 with two other genetic markers on the 7th chromosome, the electrophoretic variant of the β chain of haemoglobin and glucose phosphate isomerase, in (A/J × C57BL/10)F2 mice. The results of these 3-point cross studies show that the gene encoding Ly-21.2 maps 27 units distal to albinism.
Characterization of noncovalent protein-ligand complexes and associated enzyme intermediates of GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase by electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry.

In this study, a GlcNAc-6-O-Sulfotransferase, NodST and its complexation with the substrate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and the inhibitor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) were studied using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry. In addition, using isotopically labeled substrate, we have successfully confirmed a sulfated enzyme intermediate, which was predicted by the MS kinetic measurement. It is also shown that information regarding solution binding affinities can be obtained using electrospray ionization (ESI)-FTICR mass spectrometry. The relative binding constants, Kd(PAPS)/Kd(PAP), derived from the solution and gas phase were very similar, which suggests that the binding domain of this particular enzyme system, given known structures of other sulfotransferases, may be preserved during the transmission of the complex from solution to the gas phase.
External jugular cannulation in infants and children

Placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is commonplace in infants and children for the infusion of medications, hydration, and nutritional solutions. Vein depletion caused by repeated and prolonged need for vascular access devices has forced practitioners to consider alternate veins for providing care. The external jugular vein has a positive history of use for insertion of the PICC and is becoming increasing popular for this purpose. Pertinent anatomy, patient selection criteria, preparation, and catheter insertion and maintenance processes related to the catheter placed and residing in the external jugular vein are discussed.
Thermostabilization ofCucurbita ficifolia protease in the presence of additives

The effect of additives such as polyhydric alcohols, polyethylene glycol and casein on the thermostability ofCucurbita ficifolia protease was determined. Glycerol and mannitol increased the half life of the enzyme approximately 2-fold. Addition of polyethylene glycol had a positive effect on enzyme stability and its stabilizing efficiency appears to correlate with additive concentration. Casein was also shown to be effective as a protease stabilizer.
Pressure-shear stress wave analysis in plate impact experiments

Numerical results are presented for the combined longitudinal and shear wave propagation in an elastic-viscoplastic solid as it occurs in high strain-rate plate impact experiments. Special attention is paid to the initial stage of the impact experiment and the effects of the specimen thickness, elastic impedances of flyer-anvil plates, and viscoplastic properties of materials on the time to reach a homogenous stress and deformation state within a specimen. The simple interpretation of experimental results which assumes a homogenous stress and deformation state within a specimen is found in general to be valid only at a much later time after impact. It is recommended that the measurement of the stress wave profiles should be made at the back face of the specimen rather than at its impact face, and that a pressure-shear stress wave analysis of the plate impact experiment should be performed to evaluate the inertial effects on the early part of experimental recordings. The comparison between measured stress wave profiles and the numerical simulation of the experiment provides a critical assessment of advanced viscoplastic models developed for applications under impact loading.
Sanitizing Sewage Sludge: The Intersection of Parasitology, Civil Engineering, and Public Health*

Sooner or later, in our careers as parasitologists, we will likely be called upon to examine host feces for the presence of helminth eggs, coccidial oocysts, or other products of the parasites we seek. Just as literature or film represents a compression of the events of real life, our study of fecal samples is a necessarily tiny portion of the universe of the ‘‘fecal world,’’ as it were. What I would like to do today is to help broaden your appreciation of the fecal world, focusing particularly on human feces—its sheer volume and how we deal with it in the so-called developed world. Particular attention will be paid to the elimination, or reduction, of pathogens that occur in human sewage, and to ongoing efforts to transform human waste into a useful, societally acceptable product. These efforts represent the combined contributions of public health workers, civil engineers, and infectious disease specialists, including parasitologists. As Americans have moved from a predominantly rural society to one that is increasingly more urban, the problems associated with handling and disposal of human waste have become larger and more complex. No longer can we simply bury our waste material in the ground or flush it into the nearest body of water (before the Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988, the sewage of many coastal cities was dumped in the ocean). These practices not only enhance the spread of disease but also exclude the potential use of a nutrient-rich medium for beneficial purposes. Although modern methods of sewage treatment and disposal are designed to accomplish both of these aims, achieving the former, that is, sanitization of sewage sludge, often limits success of the latter. How much sewage is produced in the United States, and what is done with it? Although estimates vary, it is safe to say that over 7
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymers Containing the (N(O)NO) - Group

Ions of structure X[N(O)NO]- display broad-spectrum pharmacological activity that correlates with the rate and extent of their spontaneous, first-order decomposition to nitric oxide when dissolved. We report incorporation of this functional group into polymeric matrices that can be used for altering the time course of nitric oxide release and/or targeting it to tissues with which the polymers are in physical contact. Structural types prepared include those in which the [N(O)NO]- group is attached to heteroatoms in low molecular weight species that are noncovalently distributed throughout the polymeric matrix, in groupings pendant to the polymer backbone, and in the polymer backbone itself. They range in physical form from films that can be coated onto other surfaces to microspheres, gels, powders, and moldable resins. Chemiluminescence measurements confirm that polymers to which the [N(O)NO]- group is attached can serve as localized sources of nitric oxide, with one prototype providing sustained NO releas...
Unsuspected renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the choroid nine years after nephrectomy

In 1969, Iwamoto and Witmer l described a patient with chronic uveitis who had crystals in the iris stroma. Light and electron microscopy showed that there were numerous plasma cells in the iris stroma and that the iris crystals were Russell bodies, I which are immunoglobulin precipitates in the endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells.! The globulin levels were not reported. In our first two patients, the iris crystals were numerous and refractile, and they are presumed to represent large Russell bodies. The large iris crystal in Case 3 could represent an extracellular precipitate of immunoglobulins or an extraordinarily large Russell body. More histopathologic studies are needed to clarify this. The exact pathogenetic relationship between iris crystals and increased serum gamma globulin levels in our patients is unclear. Increased levels of serum gamma globulins have been reported in 50%3 to 75%4 of patients with sarcoidosis, as was demonstrated in our patients with sarcoidosis. Polyclonal gammopathy, indicative of active immunoglobulin production, has been reported in patients with sarcoidosis.' Since Russell bodies are derived from plasma cells, we hypothesize that iris crystals are signs of active immunoglobulin production, which may lead to increased levels of serum gamma globulin.
THERMAL IMAGING REVEALS SIGNIFICANTLY SMALLER BRAZILIAN FREE-TAILED BAT COLONIES THAN PREVIOUSLY ESTIMATED

Using data collected with thermal imaging technology, we found a major reduction in population estimates of colony size in the Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) from 54 million, obtained in 1957 without this technology, to 4 million in 6 major cave colonies in the southwestern United States. The 1957 census was based on human visual observations of cave emergence flights that were subject to potentially high errors. The recent census was produced using an accurate, reproducible counting method and based on complete temporal records of colony emergences. Analysis of emergence flights from dusk through darkness also revealed patterns in group behavior that would be difficult to capture without thermal infrared technology. Flow patterns of bats during emergence flights exhibited characteristic single, double, or triple episodes, with the peak flow during the 1st episode. A consistent rhythmic pattern of flow episodes and pauses was revealed across colonies and was independent of emergence tempo.
Feminism and its Influence Over My (Scholarship On) Style

My particular interest within the field of textiles and clothing is in exploring clothing choices, styles, and style conundrums of lesbians. In this piece, I trace the roots of this interest through early scholarly influences: literature, poetry, and women's studies. I focus on feminism as a useful technology — that is, as an intellectual apparatus that provides me both methodologies and thinking tools to understand the complex structures which inform clothing style. I discuss how feminism has aided my work in fonning a philosophy of cultural sustainability about clothing. Finally, I pinpoint my interest in lesbian or "queer" hair and hairstyles. This essay traces my path from cultural theory within literature to work within cultural studies and other interdisciplinary academic spaces well-suited for the study of clothing and style.
Rolling wear study of misaligned cylindrical contacts

Abstract In many rolling applications, especially where liquid lubrication is not allowed, wear is abetted by misalignments in the contact geometry. A rolling wear tester has been built where a measure of sliding is introduced by slight skewing of the rolling axes in the tangent plane of two contacting cylinders. Various contacting materials (plated and unplated) have been investigated under different conditions of speed, contact pressure and misalignment. An engineering wear analysis has been performed which is based upon the action of contact tractions during partial slip developed in the instantaneous contact area. The concept of “critical” misalignment angle θcr is introduced; for angles θ larger than θcr rigid body slip takes place without adherence. At misalignment angles θ less than critical the wear rapidly increases with θ.
Immunolocalization of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in the developing testis and excurrent ducts of goats

Background Because of the significance of androgens and estrogens in prenatal and postnatal differentiation of the testis and excurrent ducts, it is important to understand the developmental pattern of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in these organs. Methods Tissues from 1–23-week-old goats were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in Paraplast-plus®. Antigenic sites for AR and ER were immunolocalized using the PG-21 rabbit anti-rat/human antibody and the H-222 rat anti-human monoclonal antibody, respectively. The avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase procedure was used to identify positive immunoreactivity. Controls included incubation of sections with irrelevant IgG in place of primary antibody. Results Within the testis, immunostaining for AR in the nuclei of Sertoli cells increased gradually from mild at week 1 to strong at week ≥19. In contrast, nuclei of peritubular myoid cells and Leydig cells exhibited moderate to strong reaction for AR in all animals. Germ cells were negative. Within the rete testis, efferent ductules, regions I–V of the epididymis, and ductus deferens, nuclei of all epithelial cells, peritubular myoid cells, and intertubular connective tissue cells expressed moderate to strong staining for AR at all ages. ER were confined to nonciliated cells of the efferent ductules, which displayed moderate staining in all animals, beginning from week 1. Conclusions Nuclear AR staining, found in all testicular cells (except germ cells) and excurrent duct cells examined, was observed to change in an age-related manner only in Sertoli cells, where staining intensity increased between week 1 and week 19. Staining for ER, confined to nonciliated epithelial cells of the efferent ductules, was not affected by postnatal age. Anat. Rec. 249:54–62, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Weak presentations of non-finitely generated fields'

Abstract Let K be a countable field. Then a weak presentation of K is an isomorphism of K onto a field whose elements are natural numbers, such that all the field operations are extendible to total recursive functions. Given a pair of two non-finitely generated countable fields contained in some overfield, we investigate under what circumstances the overfield has a weak presentation under which the given fields have images of arbitrary Turing degrees or, in other words, we investigate Turing separability of various pairs of non-finitely generated fields.
An analysis of an experimental approach to teaching preclinical complete denture prosthodontics

T a d i t i o n a l l y , preclinical complete denture prosthodontics has been taught with the use of the "lock-step" format. The time devoted to this course was approximately 1.5 sessions or one-half day per Week during a semester. Each session consisted of a onehour lecture followed by a twoto three-hour laboratory period in which to carry out the technical steps presented in the lecture. In the preclinical course, complete dentures were constructed for either a manikin or some other simulated patient, and courses organized in this manner have been successful in preparing students for their clinical experiences. Most educators have organized each of the 15 sessions so that a quality product can beproduced by the average student in the time provided. Unfortunately, the highly skilled student usually completes the exercise early, and because of the segmentation of the course, he is unable to work ahead, and valuable, useful time is lost. On the other hand, tile less skilled student usually falls behind and finds that one or two sessions have elapsed since he heard the lecture regarding the laboratory exercise tie now wishes to complete. Other problems are also associated with this system of course organization, but the system has worked. Yet, if a new system can be developed that produces quality students with a better use of time, then a change may be needed. The "new approach" in dental education today is the individualized concept, providing each student with educational materials so that he or she may learn at a rate consistent with the student's level of knowledge and motor-skill development. This concept also suggests that a better use of time is realized by both students and faculty. In an attempt to evaluate these claims, the faculty of the Complete Denture Department at The University of Michigan initiated a study to compare the effectiveness in teaching preclinical complete denture prosthodontics by the two methods.
Use of a new thrombus extraction catheter (the Pronto) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

The finding of an intracoronary thrombus at the time of coronary angiography is common in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Pharmacologic and mechanical treatment strategies have been developed and reported to facilitate the treatment of the thrombus along with a percutaneous coronary intervention. We report a case in which a Pronto™ thrombectomy catheter was utilized to facilitate thrombus removal prior to the placement of a coronary stent in a patient who developed postinfarct angina and pulmonary edema after successful thrombolytic therapy for a acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.
(2-Azidomethyl)phenylacetyl as a new, reductively cleavable protecting group for hydroxyl groups in carbohydrate synthesis

The (2-azidomethyl)phenylacetyl group (AMPA) is described as a new protecting group for carbohydrates. AMPA was introduced to carbohydrate hydroxyl groups in the presence of DCC, while its removal was conveniently achieved via Lindlar catalyst-catalyzed hydrogenation that had no influence on other protecting groups including benzyl, acyl, acetal and ketal.
Characterization of the Genomic Structure of the Mouse APLP1 Gene

Abstract Amyloid beta protein (βA4), the major component of the core of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease, is derived from the transmembrane amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). Our recent studies showed that a murine member of the evolutionarily conserved APP family, amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1), is specifically localized to the cerebral cortex postsynaptic density and may thus participate in brain synaptic function. To investigate regulatory mechanisms of APLP1 synthesis at the genomic level, we isolated and characterized genomic clones containing the mouse APLP1 gene. Sequence analysis revealed a genomic structure consisting of 17 exons and a promoter region that is devoid of apparent TATA and CCAAT boxes. The 5′ region contains putative binding sites for AP-1, heat-shock protein, and Sp1, suggesting that multiple elements are potentially involved in regulating transcription of the APLP1 gene.
Dirofilaria immitis: Identification and characterization of circulating parasite antigens

A method for the identification of circulating parasite antigens in filarial nematode infections was developed using canine infections with Dirofilaria immitis as a model. Filarial antigens ranging in molecular weight from 211 to 13 kDa were extracted from the sera of microfilaremic dogs by a solid phase immunobinding procedure and identified by immunostaining of Western blots. A major antigen of 104 kDa was selected for further characterization. The 104 kDa circulating antigen showed antigenic and biochemical identity with 104 kDa peptides found in extracts of adult male and microfilarial stages of the parasite. The 104 kDa peptide was antigenically stable under a variety of storage conditions. Its potential as a diagnostic target is discussed.
Corneal Response to Extended Wear of CAB Contact Lenses in Aphakia

Abstract We studied 41 aphakic eyes in 30 patients who had been wearing CAB (cellulose acetate butyrate) contact lenses on an extended basis. Patients were 51 to. 81 years old and averaged 14.3 months of wearing time. Visual acuity was very good. Pachometry measurements ranged from 0.42 mm to 0.66 mm and averaged 0.550 mm. This compares favorably with data in the literature on corneal thickness seen with routine use of PMMA or hydrogel lenses or with extended wear of hydrogel lenses. Corneal thickness was also compared with unoperated fellow eyes and eyes using CAB lenses on a daily basis only.
Steady-State Noises in Diffusion-Limited Fractal Growth

The temporal development of patterns in diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) growth in cylinder geometry is accompanied by various fluctuating quantities. We give experimental evidence that the fluctuations of the highest growth probability and those of the thickness of the interface and of the distance between the highest site and the average height of deposition, have spectra proportional to 1/fβ. There are two or perhaps three crossovers in the exponent, corresponding to the size of the atoms, the thickness of the interface and the width of the cylinder. Fluctuations of very low frequency are not 1/fβ. Thus, the basic Gaussian white noise propelling the Brownian motion of the atoms, interacting with the geometry it creates, is transformed into various 1/fβ noises.
Standing hydromagnetic oscillations in the magnetosphere

Abstract Many types of ULF pulsations observed at geosynchronous orbit exhibit properties of standing shear Alfven waves. Observation of the harmonic mode, polarization state and azimuthal wave number is crucial for determining the source of energy responsible for excitation of these waves. In recent years it has become possible to identify the harmonic mode of standing waves from dynamic spectral analysis, as well as simultaneous observations of electric and magnetic fields of the waves or a comparison between plasma mass density estimated from the frequency of the waves and that observed by direct measurement. It is then more reasonable to classify pulsations according to their physical properties, including the harmonic mode, polarization state, azimuthal wave number, and localization in occurrence, than according to the conventional scheme based on the wave form and period range. From analysis of magnetic pulsations observed at geosynchronous orbit, at least two distinctively different types of waves have been identified. One is azimuthally polarized waves simultaneously excited at the fundamental and several harmonics of a standing Alfven wave which are observed throughout the day side. They have relatively small azimuthal numbers (less than 10) and propagate tailward. They are likely to be excited by the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetopause or bow shock. Another type is radially polarized waves most strongly excited at the second harmonic. They are observed mainly on the afternoon side. Bounce resonance of a few keV ions has been suggested as the mechanism for excitation of the radially polarized waves.
Tau neutrino and antineutrino cross sections

Tau neutrino and antineutrino interactions with nucleons in large underground or under-ice detectors will be important signals of astrophysical and atmospheric sources of neutrinos. We present here a theoretical update of the deep inelastic scattering contribution to the tau neutrino and antineutrino charged current cross sections with isoscalar nucleon targets and proton targets for incident neutrinos and antineutrinos in the energy range from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. Next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamic corrections, target mass corrections, and heavy quark effects are included. Uncertainties in the cross section associated with the structure functions and low momentum transfers, the input parton distribution functions, scale dependence, and flavor number scheme are discussed.
Identifying indicators of reactivity for chemical reductants in sediments

To conduct site-specific exposure assessments for contaminants containing reducible functional groups, it is imperative to know the identity and reactivity of chemical reductants in natural sediments and to associate their reactivity with easily measurable sediment properties. For this purpose the reactivity, as defined by pseudofirst order reduction rate constants for p-cyanonitrobenzene (pCNB), was measured in twenty-one natural sediments of different origins that were incubated to attain both anoxic (less reducing) and anaerobic (microbially reducing) conditions. The reactivity of the anoxic sediments increased with pH and an increasing amount of Fe(II) added. A good electron balance between pCNB reduction and Fe(II) consumption was observed for anaerobic sediments of high solids loading (50 g/L), but not when solids loading was 5 g/L. Based on cluster and regression analysis, pCNB reactivity in the anaerobic sediments correlates strongly with aqueous Fe(II) concentrations for sediments with low organic carbon (OC) content ( 6.4%). These observations indicate surface-associated Fe(II) and reduced DOC are the predominant reductants in the anaerobic sediments, and that aqueous Fe(II) and DOC will serve as readily measurable indicators of pCNB reactivity in these systems.
As I Emerge from the Mobile Phone Dark Ages, I Look Around in Fear and Wonder

Editor in Chief Fred Douglis takes us through a witty, yet informative, summary of smart phones and their applications, pricing, and privacy issues.
Energy dissipation in highly compressed cylindrical bar specimens

Abstract Energy dissipated in a highly compressed 4340 steel cylinder is determined as a function of load time history. Analyzed in particular are the different material damage modes. Highly localized deformation can result in phase transformation of the metal in addition to other forms of failure such as yielding and fracture. Under large deformation, material response depends not only on strain rate but also the degree of mechanical damage. These effects are assessed quantitatively by an energy balance approach and the results compare favorably with available experimental data. The energy transfer associated with the change in material microstructure due to phase transformation is calculated. This can be identified with localized deformation bands which have also been observed in explosively fragmented bodies.
The relative potency of a human tumor-derived PTH-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating preparation in three bioassays†

Three bioassays are widely employed for the measurement of PTH-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating factors (ACSFs) drived from tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. These include renal cortical adenylate cyclase (RAC) assays, rat osteosarcoma (ROS) adenylate cyclase assays, and fetal bone resorption (FBR) assays. A previous study has suggested that the potency of one human tumor-derived ACSF, expressed in PTH equivalents, was 30-fold higher in the ROS assay than in the RAC assay, but no study has directly compared all three bioassays using a single PTH standard and a single ACSF preparation. We compared one partially purified ACSF preparation to a single lot of bPTH 1–34 in all three bioassays. The results indicate that the relative potency of this ACSF as compared to the PTH standard varied with the assay employed, with the ROS assay yielding a specific activity estimate 47.5-fold higher than the RAC, and the FBR 6.7-fold higher than the RAC but 7.1-fold lower than the ROS. These findings support the possibility that distinct subpopulations of PTH receptors exist on different PTH target tissues. Further, they underscore the importance of bioassay choice when estimating the specific activity of tumor-derived ACSF preparations.