cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct numerical simulation of 3D woven textile composites subjected to tensile loading: An experimentally validated multiscale approach

Abstract An experimentally validated multiscale computational model for predicting the progressive damage and failure analysis (PDA) of 3D woven textile composites (3DWTCs), is presented. The 3DWTCs are made through a 3D textile weaving process and the dry fiber tows are infused with SC-15 polymer matrix into a single composite material. A thick symmetric configuration of hybridized (carbon, glass and kevlar tows) textile architecture is examined at the entire coupon level to determine the progression of damage under tensile loading and to understand the benefits of hybridization and the resulting performance enhancements. Results also include micro-CT analysis of the laboratory scale coupon to study the effect of microstructure imperfections response. A finite element (FE) model is generated directly from micro-CT data using the software, Simpleware [1]. A three-scale modeling strategy is adopted, where the meso-scale representative volume elements (RVEs) are modeled explicitly in the failure prone gage-area to consider the tow architecture and a 2-layer concentric cylinder (2CYL) [2,3] micromechanics model is used within the fiber tows to consider the fiber/matrix scale and the pre-peak nonlinearity, as caused by matrix microdamage. The analytical subscale model results in a computationally efficient framework for PDA of 3DWTCs.
Displacement Structure: Two Related Perspectives

The matrix-theoretic and function-theoretic characterizations of matrices with a displacement structure are presented, and the relation between them is explored. The divided-difference expansion of a bivariate function is used to demonstrate the equivalence between the two characterizations.
The immunogenetic basis of collagen induced arthritis in mice: an experimental model for the rational design of immunomodulatory treatments of rheumatoid arthritis.

Elucidating the genetic influences and immunological processes involved in the induction and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been an area of intense investigation over the past two decades. During this period, various experimental animal models of RA have been studied which have contributed greatly to our basic understanding of this disease. One model of particular interest is the mouse model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Following the initial description of the model in rats,1 the successful induction of CIA in mice was achieved by Courtenay et al.2 CIA is usually induced by the intradermal injection of heterologous or homologous type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund’s adjuvant.3,4 Both T and B cell reactivity to CII is detected and, approximately 4–6 weeks post-immunization, mice develop a polyarthritis initially characterized by erythema and edema followed by joint distortion and, in some cases, culminating in joint ankylosis.5 Histologic examination of afflicted paws from mice with CIA reveals marked synovial proliferation, pannus formation and subsequent joint destruction with replacement by mononuclear cells.6 These clinical and histopathologic features of CIA strongly resemble those observed in human RA. Of particular importance has been the fact that the availability of numerous inbred mouse strains has enabled scientists to undertake a systematic and detailed analysis of the genetic factors contributing to this disease. Thus, understanding the immunogenetic characteristics of murine CIA strengthens the potential of this model for developing specific immune intervention strategies in human RA.
"Transseptal" technique through atrial baffles for 3-dimensional mapping and ablation of atrial tachycardia in patients with d-transposition of the great arteries.

Access to targets for radiofrequency ablation in patients with congenital heart disease may be limited by anatomy and by surgically placed obstacles. In patients with atrial switch anatomy for d-transposition of the great arteries, the critical isthmus for maintenance of intraatrial macroreentry circuits is found often on the pulmonary venous side of the atrial baffle. A retrograde approach is extremely difficult for these arrhythmias. Use of transseptal techniques for diagnostic catheterization in these patients has been reported. We report the use of a transseptal technique in two cases in conjunction with 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping for the successful ablation of atrial reentry tachycardias in patients with Mustard and Senning anatomy.
Identification of Security Related Bug Reports via Text Mining Using Supervised and Unsupervised Classification

While many prior works used text mining for automating different tasks related to software bug reports, few works considered the security aspects. This paper is focused on automated classification of software bug reports to security and not-security related, using both supervised and unsupervised approaches. For both approaches, three types of feature vectors are used. For supervised learning, we experiment with multiple classifiers and training sets with different sizes. Furthermore, we propose a novel unsupervised approach based on anomaly detection. The evaluation is based on three NASA datasets. The results showed that supervised classification is affected more by the learning algorithms than by feature vectors and training only on 25% of the data provides as good results as training on 90% of the data. The supervised learning slightly outperforms the unsupervised learning, at the expense of labeling the training set. In general, datasets with more security information lead to better performance.
N,N′-Methylenebis(N-(1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)nitramide) derivatives as metal-free green primary explosives

A series of new energetic salts based on N,N′-methylenebis(N-(4-(dinitromethyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)nitramide) was synthesized and fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Their excellent vD (7995–8885 m s−1) and acceptable sensitivities (IS, 1–5 J; FS, 40–120 N) make them good candidates as metal-free green primary explosives (with the exception of 3).
An Online- and Mobile-Based Application to Facilitate Exposure for Childhood Anxiety Disorders.

Abstract In the current paper, we describe an integrated online- and mobile-based application for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, Anxiety Coach. The technology is designed to increase the use of exposure therapy by therapists and patients. We begin by outlining the clinical content and design of the application, and then review the clinical administration and theoretical basis for the program. Next, using results from an implementation feasibility study, we illustrate how data collected during application use can inform therapists, supervisors, and researchers about process variables (i.e., use of exposure) and outcomes (i.e., symptom improvement). Implications of the potential for Anxiety Coach to increase access to evidence-based treatment and directions for further research are discussed.
Medial Ankle Denervation

The anatomy of the innervation of the medial ankle joints is described, and related, clinically to pain following ankle injuries. Nerve block of the saphenous nerve is described. Saphenous nerve injury from tarsal tunnel decompression is discussed. The technical approaches to denervation of the medial ankle joint by resection of the saphenous nerve is described and illustrated. The results of medial ankle joint denervation are presented. The results of “total ankle denervation” are presented.
Abstract 5060: Effect of aspirin on gut microbiome in a pilot randomized double-blind trial

Background: Aspirin use is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), possibly by modulating the gut microbiome. We conducted a pilot double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the effect of aspirin on the gut microbiome. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02761486). Methods: Fifty healthy individuals 50-75 years old were randomized (3:2) to receive a daily standard dose of aspirin (325 mg, N=30) or placebo (lactose, N=20) for 6 weeks followed by a 6-week washout. Stool specimens were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks, and analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (V4 region) and Mothur software [ver. 1.35.1]. Fifteen genera associated with CRC were pre-specified from a published meta-analysis of the gut microbiome and CRC [Shah, 2017]. Among these 15 genera, eight genera, which were present in >10% of subjects at baseline in our study, were examined. Additionally, we examined four taxa previously associated with aspirin in a cross-sectional study of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the gut microbiome [Rogers, 2016]. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate associations between aspirin use and changes in the relative abundance of taxa from pre- to post-treatment (baseline to week 6) via an interaction term (treatment*time). Log of odds ratio (β estimate) and P-values for the interaction term comparing aspirin to placebo for week 6 versus baseline are presented. Results and conclusions. Out of the 8 pre-specified genera found to be associated with CRC in the meta-analysis, the interaction term was significant for 3 genera: Parabacteroides (β =-0.43, P Citation Format: Anna E. Prizment, Jeremiah Menk, Christopher Staley, Sithara Vivek, Guillaume Onyeaghala, Bharat Thyagarajan, Ryan Demmer, Dan Knights, Kathie Meyer, Aasma Shaukat, Alexander Khorutz, Michael J. Sadowsky, Robert J. Straka, Timothy Church. Effect of aspirin on gut microbiome in a pilot randomized double-blind trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5060.
Damage Control Ophthalmology: Emergency Department Considerations

The majority of modern combat ophthalmic injuries are associated with concomitant non-ocular life-threatening injuries. Often the initial eye examination is performed in the operating room after surgical stabilization.
Functional Characterization of RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases In Vitro and In Planta

Ubiquitination, as a posttranslational modification of proteins, plays an important regulatory role in homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. The covalent attachment of 76 amino acid ubiquitin modifiers to a target protein, depending on the length and topology of the polyubiquitin chain, can result in different outcomes ranging from protein degradation to changes in the localization and/or activity of modified protein. Three enzymes sequentially catalyze the ubiquitination process: E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and E3 ubiquitin ligase. E3 ubiquitin ligase determines substrate specificity and, therefore, represents a very interesting study subject. Here we present a comprehensive approach to study the relationship between the enzymatic activity and function of the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. This four-step protocol describes 1) how to generate an E3 ligase deficient mutant through site-directed mutagenesis targeted at the conserved RING domain; 2-3) how to examine the ubiquitination activity both in vitro and in planta; 4) how to link those biochemical analysis to the biological significance of the tested protein. Generation of an E3 ligase-deficient mutant that still interacts with its substrate but no longer ubiquitinates it for degradation facilitates the testing of enzyme-substrate interactions in vivo. Furthermore, the mutation in the conserved RING domain often confers a dominant negative phenotype that can be utilized in functional knockout studies as an alternative approach to an RNA-interference approach. Our methods were optimized to investigate the biological role of the plant parasitic nematode effector RHA1B, which hijacks the host ubiquitination system in plant cells to promote parasitism. With slight modification of the in vivo expression system, this protocol can be applied to the analysis of any RING-type E3 ligase regardless of its origins.
First case report: Late‐onset coronary artery spasm after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in a Caucasian patient

Most of the coronary vasospasms were found intraprocedurally, and it is very rare to see late-onset vasospasms that happened a few hours after uncomplicated ablations. The recognition of this rare but potentially life-threatening complication is important to improve the conventional practice of catheter ablation for patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation.
Non-anthropomorphic Prosthesis Design Generated from Simulated Gait Optimization

Simulations of walking biomechanics offer a tool for optimizing prosthesis performance while including estimates of the effects of the prosthesis on the rest of the body. We have previously used this technique to optimize the output behaviors of a generalized prosthesis model in the sagittal plane. In this paper, we present the design of a prototype prosthesis testbed for validating generalized prosthesis model predictive simulation results with experimental feedback. Design specifications are generated from simulated prosthesis dynamics and comparison with existing powered prostheses. A complete mechatronic system design based on these specifications is presented. The design consists of two sub-systems: the ankle-foot prosthesis and a wearable off-board actuation and control system. The overall system is designed to function as a validation tool for prosthesis simulation experiments generally, and to provide experimental feedback to the simulation-based prosthesis design loop.
Metal Abundances of KISS Galaxies. IV. Galaxian Luminosity-Metallicity Relations in the Optical and Near-IR

We explore the galaxian luminosity-metallicity (L-Z) relationship in both the optical and the near-IR using a combination of optical photometric and spectroscopic observations from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS) and near-infrared photometry from the Two-micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). We supplement the 2MASS data with our own NIR photometry for a small number of lower-luminosity ELGs that are under-represented in the 2MASS database. Our B-band L-Z relationship includes 765 star-forming KISS galaxies with coarse abundance estimates from our follow-up spectra, while the correlation with KISS and 2MASS yields a total of 420 galaxies in our J-band L-Z relationship. We explore the effect that changing the correlation between the strong-line abundance diagnostic R_23 and metallicity has on the derived L-Z relation. We find that the slope of the L-Z relationship decreases as the wavelength of the luminosity bandpass increases. We interpret this as being, at least in part, an effect of internal absorption in the host galaxy. Furthermore, the dispersion in the L-Z relation decreases for the NIR bands, suggesting that variations in internal absorption contribute significantly to the observed scatter. We propose that our NIR L-Z relations are more fundamental than the B-band relation, since they are largely free of absorption effects and the NIR luminosities are more directly related to the stellar mass of the galaxy than are the optical luminosities.
The Development of Cable Driven Exosuit to Assist Upper Extremity Movement

Exoskeleton has been used in medical and rehabilitation purposes to assist people with movement disorders. However, it is heavy and bulky. There is a need to develop exosuit that incorporates exoskeleton function into apparel, so the patients can wear it in their daily life. This research intended to develop cable-driven exosuit prototypes that assist elbow movement of flexion and extension. The garment design was a quasi-rigid structure with a combination of stiff and stretchable fabrics. Dyneema® cable was used to provide elbow movement assistance. Two exosuit prototypes have been developed. Prototype 1 could assist elbow flexion movement by pulling the cable, but could not assist elbow extension. In prototype 2, self-adhesive hook and loop tapes were placed on the back shoulder so that the paths of the cables can be adjusted. After identifying the optimum cable paths, both elbow extension and flexion movements were accomplished in prototype 2.
Sensory Symphonies: How Excitatory Spinal Cord Modules Orchestrate Behavior

In this issue of Neuron, Gatto et al. (2021) demonstrate that tactile reflexes are driven by excitatory modules defined by location, while Peirs et al. (2021) show that the circuits implicated in the conversion of touch to pain are defined by the nature of the injury.
Hierarchical excitations from correlated spin tetrahedra on the breathing pyrochlore lattice

The hierarchy of the coupling strengths in a physical system often engenders an effective model at low energies where the decoupled high-energy modes are integrated out. Here, using neutron scattering, we show that the spin excitations in the breathing pyrochlore lattice compound $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{In}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{4}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ are hierarchical and can be approximated by an effective model of correlated tetrahedra at low energies. At higher energies, intratetrahedron excitations together with strong magnon-phonon couplings are observed, which suggests the possible role of the lattice degree of freedom in stabilizing the spin tetrahedra. Our work illustrates the spin dynamics in $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{In}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{4}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ and demonstrates a general effective-cluster approach to understand the dynamics on the breathing-type lattices.
Heart/liver-on-a-chip as a model for the evaluation of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapies

Abstract Drug discovery faces challenges due to the lack of proper preclinical tests, including conventional cell cultures and animal studies. Organ-on-a-chip devices can mimic the whole-body response to therapeutics by fluidically connecting microscale cell cultures and generating a realistic model of human organs of interest. Here, we describe a pumpless heart/liver-on-a-chip (HLC) using the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes to reproduce the cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in vitro. Cell studies confirmed the high viability of both cells up to 5 days of culture in HLC. The developed device demonstrated more significant damage to heart cells within the HLC than conventional static 3D culture in the case of DOX treatment, which is because of exposure of cells to both the parent drug and its cardiotoxic metabolite, Doxorubicinol (DOXOL). Our designed HLC device represents a unique approach to assess the off-target toxicity of drugs and their metabolites, which will eventually improve current preclinical studies.
Men have eating disorders too: an analysis of online narratives posted by men with eating disorders on YouTube.

Eating Disorders (ED) among men are still surrounded by stigma and gender stereotypes, with a common misconception that ED are an exclusively female condition. This study employed a gender-sensitiv...
A fast radio burst in a globular cluster: why is this neutron star different from (almost) all other neutron stars?

Most Fast Radio Burst (FRB) models are built from comparatively common astronomical objects: neutron stars, black holes and supernova remnants. Yet FRB sources are rare, and most of these objects, found in the Galaxy, do not make FRB. Special and rare circumstances may be required for these common objects to be sources of FRB. The recent discovery of a repeating FRB in a globular cluster belonging to the galaxy M81 suggests a model involving a neutron star and a close binary companion, likely a white dwarf; both neutron stars and close binaries are superabundant in globular clusters. Magnetic interaction is a plausible, though unproven, mechanism of acceleration of relativistic particles that may radiate coherently as FRB. Double neutron star binaries cannot be the observed long-lived repeating FRB sources, but might make much shorter lived sources, and perhaps non-repeating FRB.
Mad for Method

Innovation doesn’t just happen by chance. It happens because smart, dedicated people work really hard. But arming innovators with an intelligent methodology to discover, test and spread innovations, certainly makes that job easier and more effective.
Aristotle on the Nature of Truth

Prolegomenon 1. The saying of things 2. A history of truth as cor-respondence 3. Saving the things said 4. By way of address: lending voice to things 5. By way of response: the logic of cooperative encounter 6. The truth of nature and the nature of truth in Aristotle 7. On saying the beautiful in light of the good 8. Ecological justice and the ethics of truth.
The Arnold-Chiari malformation presenting in adult life. A report of thirteen cases and a review of the literature.

Abstract The clinical and radiological findings of thirteen patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation presenting in adult life are described. Only one-half of these patients had abnormalities on plain cervical radiographs. The diagnostic radiographic abnormalities are discussed but without a high index of suspicion this condition may be confused with multiple sclerosis or syringomyelia. A review of the pathological findings accounting for the symptoms and a review of the literature are included.
The febrile infant

There have now been three large prospective studies of febrile infants published within the past 3 years.1-3 Each reports on over 500 patients. Two of the reports, that of Baskin et al1 and that of Jaskiewicz et al,3 in the current issue of Pediatrics, focus on infants meeting low-risk criteria for serious bacterial illness. These two studies ask the question: "If the febrile infant meets these selected low-risk criteria, then with what degree of diagnostic certainty can the examining physician rule out a serious illness?" Statistically, this index of diagnostic certainty is termed negative predictive value. Jaskiewicz et al studied 511 low-risk febrile infants and used 437 of these patients to calculate negative predictive value, which was 98.9%.
LdARF1 in trafficking and structural maintenance of the trans-Golgi cisternal network in the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani.

Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factors (ARFs) are small guanosine-5′-triphosphatases that are essential in vesicular trafficking and in the maintenance of the Golgi network. In this report, we identified a homolog of the mammalian ARF1 in the human pathogenic protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani (Ld). Ld ARF1 is a 549 bp gene encoding a 183-amino acid deduced protein of ∼ 20 kDa. We demonstrated by Southern blot analysis that there are at least two copies of ARF1 in the Ld genome. Moreover, Northern blot analysis revealed that Ld ARF1 is expressed on a 1.35 kb transcript in both the insect vector (promastigotes) and mammalian host (amastigotes) forms of this parasite. Fluorescent microscopy studies using Ld promastigotes episomally transfected with an ARF1::GFP (green fluorescent protein) chimeric construct showed that such chimeras appeared to localize to the Golgi region of these organisms. This observation was verified by immunoelectron microscopy using an anti-GFP antibody. Such studies also revealed that Ld ARF1::GFP chimeras localized to trans-Golgi vesicles, the flagellar pocket/reservoir and other vesicles located between the trans-Golgi network and flagellar pocket in these apically polarized cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence loss in photobleaching experiments revealed both the dynamic binding and releasing activity of Ld ARF1 from the Golgi network in these parasites. Further, episomal expression of a constitutively active (“on”) ARF1 (Q71L mutation) resulted in the aberrant swelling and distended-structure of the trans-Golgi cisternae in these cells. These results show that Ld ARF1 is transiently associated with the Golgi network and plays a role in the structural maintenance of this organelle in these important human pathogens.
General Methods for the Analysis of the Maximum Size of Dynamic Data Structures (Extended Abstract)

We develop two probabilistic methods that allow us to analyze the maximum data structure size encountered during a sequence of insertions and deletions in data structures such as priority queues, dictionaries, linear lists, and symbol tables, and in sweepline structures for geometry and VLSI applications. The notion of the “maximum” is basic to issues of resource preallocation. We apply our methods to combinatorial models of file histories and probabilistic models, as well as to a non-Markovian process (algorithm) for processing sweepline information in an efficient way, called “hashing with lazy deletion” (HwLD). We derive expressions for the expected maximum data structure size that are asymptotically exact, that is, correct up to lower-order terms; in several cases of interest the expected value of the maximum size is asymptotically equal to the maximum expected size. At a high level, our first method isolates the primary contribution to the maximum and bounds the lesser effects. In our second technique we relate the continuous-time probabilistic model to its discrete analog—the maximum slot occupancy in hashing.
A nonterminal equine mandibular model of bone healing.

Objectives To develop a nonterminal large animal bone defect model for assessing the efficacy of regenerative and pharmacologic treatments designed to enhance bone healing. Study Design In vivo experimental. Sample Population Adult gelding horses (n = 6). Methods Under general anesthesia, using radiographic guidance, 13.5 mm diameter bilateral, full thickness mandibular defects were created in 6 horses using a custom surgical jig and coring bit. After 16 weeks, under general anesthesia, 23 mm diameter cores that encompassed the original healing defects and surrounding parent bone material were removed for evaluation. Oxytetracycline was administered 14 days before final core harvest to label bone-forming surfaces. Healing was qualitatively assessed from decalcified hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained and undecalcified fluorescent labeled sections. Trabecular to cortical bone fraction (Tb.V/Ct.V), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), tissue mineral density (TMD), and apparent bone mineral density (aBMD) were quantified using microcomputed tomography and compared between left and right sides using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results BV/TV was not significantly different between left and right-sided defects. Bone deposition occurred centripetally from the border of the original defect, filling 67% ± 16% (SD) of the defect at 16 weeks. Conclusion This model has potential use for comparison of regenerative and pharmacologic products aimed to augment bone healing.
Unsupervised Bilingual POS Tagging with Markov Random Fields

In this paper, we give a treatment to the problem of bilingual part-of-speech induction with parallel data. We demonstrate that naive optimization of log-likelihood with joint MRFs suffers from a severe problem of local maxima, and suggest an alternative -- using contrastive estimation for estimation of the parameters. Our experiments show that estimating the parameters this way, using overlapping features with joint MRFs performs better than previous work on the 1984 dataset.
Excimer formation of pyrene as a probe to investigate the recombination of geminate pairs: effect of multicomponent recombination on Stern-Volmer plot

Abstract Quenching of excimer and monomer flourescences induced by X-ray and UV-light as well as that of ODESR amplitude was observed with freon 113 as the quencher. The Stern-Volmer plots of these results show a bend at low quencher concentrations. Analysis of these plots give some precise information on the kinetic processes of the delayed geminate pairs.
The role of cytosine arabinoside maintenance in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia

A series of 30 unselected patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) was treated with combination chemotherapy, including three courses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) by 5-day continuous i.v. infusion, vincristine i.v. weekly, and prednisone daily to complete remission. Ara-C was administered alone as a 5-day continuous i.v. infusion monthly for maintenance. Ten (33%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The remaining 30 (67%), including temporary partial remissions, hematologic improvements, inadequate trials, and early deaths, were all considered failures. The CR rate was 57% in those 17 cases receiving an adequate trial. After After 5 1/2 years' followup, the overall median survival, including cases failing to achieve CR, was 3.1 months. For those having adequate trials the median survival was 16.6 months, and for those achieving a CR, 36.6 months. Two patients are still alive, one at 55.2 months on maintenance therapy, and the other at 62.8 months, currently unmaintained.
The Triumph of Numbers Knowledges and the Mismeasure of Management

We live in a world of numbers, but numbers have become so dominant that we consider nothing to be real unless it can be measured and mathematized. How did we come to live by the numbers? An answer ...
The cannon catheter--a prospective analysis.

Clinical outcomes associated with hemodialysis catheters often depend on correct tip positioning. Improper positioning of the catheter tips can reduce blood flow and lead to long-term complications. The authors evaluated the clinical performance of the Arrow ® Cannon™ II Plus hemodialysis catheter (Teleflex Medical, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), a catheter that was designed for tip-first (retrograde) placement to ensure accurate central positioning in the right atrium for optimal flow and minimal recirculation. This 6-month prospective analysis found that the catheter provided high blood flow rates (maximum flow, 410.9–to 430.4 mL/min; mean flow, 378.9–402.4 mL/min) with recirculation rates well below the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) limit (3.6% to 0%). In summary, the Arrow ® Cannon II Plus hemodialysis catheter was associated with high blood flow rates and minimal complications. Tip-first placement of this novel device represents an important advancement in vascular access for high-performance hemodialysis.
The effects of stimulators of intracellular cyclic AMP on rat and chick osteoclasts in vitro: validation of a simplified light microscope assay of bone resorption.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether a cyclic AMP-mediated inhibitory mechanism is present in embryonic chick osteoclasts and to extend data implicating cyclic AMP in the inhibition of neonatal rat osteoclasts. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP ((Bu) 2 cAMP) (5 × 10 −4 M and above) and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) (10 −4 M and above) reduced the number of pits made in slices of devitalized bovine cortical bone by chick osteoclasts over 24 h. The effect of forskolin (FSK) on chick osteoclasts was biphasic, 10 −5 M producing a weak and variable reduction in pit number while 10 −6 M and 10 −7 M stimulated resorption. Doses of FSK (10 −5 M) and (Bu) 2 cAMP (3 × 10 −4 M), which individually produced no consistent significant effect, produced a synergistic and highly significant reduction in pit number when used in combination, implying that these agents were acting through a common mechanism, presumably cyclic AMP. Stimulatory doses of FSK were associated with increased osteoclast numbers, implicating cyclic AMP in the formation of osteoclasts. In comparative experiments using neonatal rat osteoclasts, (Bu) 2 cAMP (10 −4 M and above), IBMX (10 −3 M) and FSK (10 −7 M and above) all reduced the number of pits excavated. Strongly inhibitory doses of these agents caused contraction of chick osteoclasts into a hemispherical shape; contraction of rat osteoclasts into a stellate shape occurred with (Bu) 2 cAMP and FSK, but not with IBMX. Our results implicate cyclic AMP in the inhibition of both rat and chick osteoclasts, and show that pit counting in the light microscope is a valid method of analyzing the disaggregated osteoclast resorption assay.
Increasing employees’ creativity by training their managers

As pressures on organizations to adapt and solve problems creatively increase, employee creativity will become an increasingly important concern. The pressures on businesses and government organizations to adapt to new technologies and external threats require resourcefulness and creativity. Several training interventions have been shown to be effective in enhancing the participants’ creativity. In addition, a number of managerial behaviors seem to affect subordinates’ creativity. However, the topic of training managers to boost their subordinates’ creativity has been virtually ignored. This paper examines the research on creativity training, management training, and the managerial behaviors that affect subordinates’ creativity. Appropriate methods of management training intended to enhance subordinates’ creative performance are suggested.
Light and electron microscopic observations on the synovitis of ankylosing spondylitis

Light microscopic studies on synovium obtained from seven knees and three hips of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and peripheral arthritis showed surface fibrin, proliferation of synovial lining cells, moderate infiltration with lymphocytes, and sometimes striking numbers of plasma cells. There was some vascular congestion and obliteration, occasional bone and cartilage debris, and a tendency toward increased fibrous tissue. Although the intensity of some findings varies from those in rheumatoid arthritis, there were no consistent distinguishing features. Electron microscopy of eight synovial tissue specimens showed increased type B or synthetic lining cells. Structures that could possibly have been organisms were seen among synovial cells in two patients. Immune complex-like deposits were not seen in vessel walls, although there were other vascular alterations. Synovial fluid studies showed 2,200 to 16,500 white blood cells/mm3 (mean, 8,236), 29% to 93% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mean, 66%), and 0.5 to 32% lymphocytes (mean, 18%). The presence of at least some activated lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) in seven of nine patients in addition to the above findings in synovium suggest an immunological component to the driven process. No more than 32% lymphocytes was found in any synovial fluid despite the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Thus no support for synovial fluid lymphocytosis, such as has been described in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs alone, is provided.
Newton's mature dynamics and the Principia: A simplified solution to the Kepler problem

Abstract Central to Newton's solution of the Kepler problem in Proposition 11 of the Principia is the dynamics ratio derived in Proposition 6, which is employed to find the force, given the orbit and the force center. A comparison of the derivation of this critical proposition as it appears in the third edition with the early derivation of it in the first edition reveals the development of Newton's mature dynamics. In particular, there appears in the second edition an alternate version of the dynamics ratio in addition to the original one of the first edition. Revisions of both of these versions of Proposition 6 are carried forth to the third edition and an alternate solution to the Kepler problem of Proposition 11 is developed. I suggest that this alternate version provides a firmer and more fundamental basis for dynamics than does the original version, and I provide a substitute derivation of Proposition 6 and a simplified solution to the Kepler problem of Proposition 11 to defend that suggestion. It is a step that Newton could have taken, but it is one that he chose not to take.
On the possible variability of the main sequence A stars θ Virginis and 109 Virginis

Differential Stromgren uvby photometric observations from the Four College Automated Photoelectric Telescope are used to examine the possible variability of the spectrophotometric standards θ Vir and 109 Vir. No evidence is found for variability within a season of observation. Small year to year differences are most likely due to unaccounted for extinction changes.
Cholinergic involvement in mental disorders.

Abstract A recent resurgence of interest in possible cholinergic mechanisms in schizophrenia, mania and depression represents a further extension of the attempt to explain these disorders on the basis of an abnormality in neurotransmission. New emphasis is less on individual neurotransmitters than it is upon their interdependent relationships. The latter is best exemplified by the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which has moved from a cholinergic approach to one that makes important use of dopaminergic mechanisms. Whether or not a reverse shift, from dopaminergic towards cholinergic approaches is justified for treating schizophrenia remains doubtful. Persuasive evidence can be adduced for new approachess to treatments of mania and depression through cholinergic mechanisms. The development of centrally active cholinemimetic agents will permit the clinical testing of some of the hypotheses engendered by this revival of inquiry into the role of acetylcholine in emotional disorders.
Index for Simultaneous Dispersive and Distributive Mixing Characterization in Processing Equipment

Abstract Computer simulation of agglomerate dispersion and sequential distribution of all particles obtained in the system allows us to evaluate the overall mixing efficiency of processing equipment. Evaluation was based on a specific mixing index, calculated using the Shannon entropies for different size fractions. The index can be tailored to give preference to different particle size distributions, thus relating the quality of mixing to specific properties of the final product.
Intensity profiles of linearly polarized light backscattered from skin and tissue-like phantoms

Anisotropy of mouse and human skin is investigated in vivo using polarized videoreflectometry. An incident beam (linearly polarized, wavelength 650 nm) is focused at the sample surface. Two types of tissuelike media are used as controls to verify the technique: isotropic delrin and highly anisotropic demineralized bone with a priori knowledge of preferential orientation of collagen fibers. Equi-intensity profiles of light, backscattered from the sample, are fitted with ellipses that appear to follow the orientation of the collagen fibers. The ratio of the ellipse semiaxes is well correlated with the ratio of reduced scattering coefficients obtained from radial intensity distributions. Variation of equi-intensity profiles with distance from the incident beam is analyzed for different initial polarization states of the light and the relative orientation of polarization filters for incident and backscattered light. For the anisotropic media (demineralized bone and human and mouse skin), a qualitative difference between intensity distributions for cross- and co-polarized orientations of the polarization analyzer is observed up to a distance of 1.5 to 2.5 mm from the entry point. The polarized videoreflectometry of the skin may be a useful tool to assess skin fibrosis resulting from radiation treatment.
Transmural Heterogeneity and Depressed Function in the Mechanical Properties of Ventricular Tissue from Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure

Heart failure is a progressive condition in which the ventricles can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body's basal demands. Our laboratory is investigating whether the transmural variation in cellular contractile properties that occurs in normal hearts (and which is thought to be important for ventricular function) is altered in heart failure. We procured through wall samples of failing left ventricle from patients receiving transplants at the University of Kentucky and non-failing samples from brain dead organ donors. The tissue was divided into epicardial, midmyocardial and endocardial layers and frozen in liquid nitrogen within 30 minutes. Multicellular chemically permeabilized preparations were subsequently obtained from these samples by mechanical homogenization and triton treatment. The samples were attached between a force transducer and a motor and subjected to two mechanical protocols: 1) a stretch-restretch protocol in solutions with different activating Ca2+ concentrations and 2) a force-velocity protocol in which maximally-activated preparations were allowed to shorten against pre-set loads. Parameters including steady-state force, short-range stiffness, short-range force and maximum power output were measured using these two protocols. The results suggested a 30% decrease in maximum power output (p-value = 0.01) and steady-state force (p-value=0.005) in heart failure patients (n=8, total of 72 preparations) as compared to non-failing (n=4, total of 36 preparations). Short-range stiffness (p-value=0.003) and short-range force (p-value=0.002) also significantly decreased in heart failure vs. non-failing. Transmurally there was a significant difference in maximum power output between the regions (p-value=0.02). The data suggests that mechanically the mid myocardium maybe affected the most in heart failure. Further studies need to be done to understand the protein modifications that may be responsible for these variations.
Luminescence of N-Arylbenzamides in Low-Temperature Glasses

The low-temperature luminescence of benzamide and six additional N-arylbenzamides has been investigated in a methyltetrahydrofuran glass. The luminescence of microcrystalline benzamide has also bee...
Cesareans and Samaritans.

Until recently, if one asked the proverbial person on the street to list maternal-fetal conflicts, he or she would have mentioned abortion and, when pressed to continue, looked at the questioner blankly. Now, however, the populace is becoming aware of a host of maternal-fetal conflicts. Indeed, mother-and-child, long a somewhat romanticized unity, are increasingly being treated by physicians, courts, and the media as potential adversaries, locked in battle on the rather inconvenient battleground of the woman's belly. Some of these newly publicized conflicts—pregnant women abusing drugs or alcohol, or continuing to work in occupations hazardous to fetal health—are not all that new: the hazards of various substances have been known for years. Other of the conflicts are new, inasmuch as doctors could not recommend Cesareans or other procedures for the fetus benefit until they could detect fetal problems during or before labor. But probably what is most unprecedented is that now, suddenly, physicians are seeking court intervention to protect these imperiled fetuses—intervention that, inevitably, constitutes a significant intrusion into the woman's conduct during pregnancy or birth.
Manufacturing Nanosized Fenofibrate by Salt Assisted Milling

Purpose The aim of this study is to develop a new process for manufacturing a nano-sized form of the popular cholesterol-reducing drug fenofibrate which can be implemented on industrial scale with minimal changes of currently used production schemes.
Exfoliation of intercalated graphite

Abstract By X-ray diffraction, exfoliated graphite-Br 2 was found to exhibit the same in-plane superlattice ordering as intercalated graphite prior to exfoliation. This ordering persisted even after heating for 1 hr at 1700°C. By dilatometry, a single exfoliation event was found to consist of multiple expansion spurts, which occurred at ~ 150 and ~ 240°C for the first exfoliation, and ~ 100 and ~ 240°C for subsequent cycles. The amount of expansion was found to increase with decreasing intercalate activity during intercalation. With exfoliation cycles to higher temperatures or longer times, the amount of residual expansion after the collapse on cooling increased until no second exfoliation was observed or reheating. Due to intercalate desorption, the amount of expansion for concentrated samples increased with increasing sample width; desorbed samples showed little width dependence. Acoustic emission was observed before appreciable expansion during the first exfoliation cycle; it was not observed during the collapse or subsequent exfoliation cycles. A model of exfoliation involving intercalate islands is proposed.
Aging of optical properties of polished copper mirrors.

The reflectivity of copper mirrors as a function of mirror age was measured for three different polishing techniques. Radiation of 10.6 ..mu..m and 0.63 ..mu..m was employed.(AIP)
CYTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE CESSATION OF HORMONE PRODUCTION IN THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE RAT’S ADRENAL CORTEX AFTER PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE

COMBINED morphological and cytochemical studies have revealed that the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex may atrophy, become hyperactive, or become exhausted without any conspicuous alteration in the zona glomerulosa (Deane and Greep, 1946; Deane and McKibbin, 1946; Deane and Shaw, 1947). The interpretation placed on these findings is that the adrenal cortex is composed of two separate secreting zones which produce different types of cortical hormones. Evidence obtained from physiological, chemical, and morphological studies of the adrenal cortex has suggested the dual nature of this gland.
Dispersal movements of subadult cougars from the Black Hills: the notions of range expansion and recolonization

Dispersal plays a vital role in cougar (Puma concolor) population ecology, creating genetic viability and maintaining gene flow between populations. The naturally recolonized cougar population in the Black Hills is at the edge of the species' range in North America and completely surrounded by the grasslands of the Northern Great Plains. Our objective was to document dispersal movements and possible range expansion of subadult cougars captured within the Black Hills ecosystem of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming. Twenty-four (n = 14 males, n = 10 females) subadult cougars were captured in the Black Hills. Independence of cougars from females averaged 13.5 months (range = 10–16 months) from parturition; dispersal occurred 1–3 months post independence. Males dispersed (mean = 274.7 km SE 88.3) farther than females (mean = 48.0 km SE 10.9), with females exhibiting 40% philopatry. We documented several (n = 6) long-distance dispersal movements (>250 km) of male cougars and hypothesize that males m...
The influence of a Gulf Stream meander on the distribution of zooplankton biomass in the Slope Water, the Gulf Stream, and the Sargasso Sea, described using a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler

Patterns in zooplankton biomass distribution in a Gulf Stream meander were docu- mented using a ship-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in fall 1988 as part of the BIOSYNOP program. The dominant signal in biomass was the regional variation between water masses, with greatest biomass recorded in the Slope Water, intermediate biomass at the Slope Water-Gulf Stream front, and lowest biomass in the Gulf Strearn/Sargasso Sea. Biomass was more variable in the Slope Water than in the Sargasso Sea. Diel variation, a consequence of diel vertical migration, was also observed. Comprehensive maps of the surveyed region documented meander associated enhancement of zooplankton biomass. Elevated biomass was documented in the region downstream of the meander crest, where entrainment of Slope Water and convergence of flow are hypothesized to occur. The ADCP was demonstrated to be an effective means of documenting patterns in zooplankton biomass, including estimates of the variability (patchiness).