cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complete Fermentation of Xylose and Methylglucuronoxylose Derived from Methylglucuronoxylan by Enterobacter asburiae Strain JDR-1

Acid pretreatment is commonly used to release pentoses from the hemicellulose fraction of cellulosic biomass for bioconversion. The predominant pentose in the hemicellulose fraction of hardwoods and crop residues is xylose in the polysaccharide methylglucuronoxylan, in which as many as one in six of the β-1,4-linked xylopyranose residues is substituted with α-1,2-linked 4-O-methylglucuronopyranose. Resistance of the α-1,2-methylglucuronosyl linkages to acid hydrolysis results in release of the aldobiuronate 4-O-methylglucuronoxylose, which is not fermented by bacterial biocatalysts currently used for bioconversion of hemicellulose. Enterobacter asburiae strain JDR-1, isolated from colonized hardwood (sweetgum), efficiently ferments both methylglucuronoxylose and xylose, producing predominantly ethanol and acetate. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance studies defined the Embden-Meyerhof pathway for metabolism of glucose and the pentose phosphate pathway for xylose metabolism. Rates of substrate utilization, product formation, and molar growth yields indicated methylglucuronoxylose is transported into the cell and hydrolyzed to release methanol, xylose, and hexauronate. Enterobacter asburiae strain JDR-1 is the first microorganism described that ferments methylglucuronoxylose generated along with xylose during the acid-mediated saccharification of hemicellulose. Genetic definition of the methylglucuronoxylose utilization pathway may allow metabolic engineering of established gram-negative bacterial biocatalysts for complete bioconversion of acid hydrolysates of methylglucuronoxylan. Alternatively, Enterobacter asburiae strain JDR-1 may be engineered for the efficient conversion of acid hydrolysates of hemicellulose to biofuels and chemical feedstocks.
Phase I and II study of high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide with autologous bone marrow rescue in lymphomas and solid tumors.

PURPOSEHigh-dose chemotherapy produces durable disease-free remissions in a minority of patients with resistant lymphomas and solid tumors. In an attempt to improve on the available regimens, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) were selected for a new high-dose regimen because of their favorable spectrum of nonhematopoietic toxicity and evidence of synergy in in vitro systems.PATIENTS AND METHODSForty-one patients with drug-resistant Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and breast and testicular cancers were entered onto a phase I and II trial of a single course of ICE with autologous bone marrow rescue. Before transplantation, all patients received combination chemotherapy until maximal tumor response was achieved.RESULTSPatients received total doses of ifosfamide from 10 to 18 g/m2, carboplatin from 0.9 to 1.98 g/m2, and etoposide from 0.6 to 1.5 g/m2 administered during a 4-day period, with a maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of ifosfamide 16 g/m2, carboplatin 1.8 g/m2, and etoposide 1.5 g/m2. Th...
Assessment of the Risk of Introduction of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Municipal Solid Waste from the Quarantine Area of New York City to Landfills Outside of the Quarantine Area: A Pathway Analysis of the Risk of Spread and Establishment

The risk associated with spread of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), from infested areas in New York City to the wide array of landfills across the eastern United States contracted by the city since 1997 was unknown, but of great concern. Landfills, some as far as South Carolina, Virginia, and Ohio, occupied forest types and climates at high risk of Asian longhorned beetle establishment. The city proposed a separate waste wood collection known as the "311 System;" this was estimated to cost federal and state agencies $6.1 to $9.1 million per year, including the cost of processing and disposal of the wood. Pathway analysis was used to quantify the probability that Asian longhorned beetle present in wood waste collected at curbside would survive transport, compaction, and burial to form a mated pair. The study found that in seven alternate management scenarios, risks with most pathways are very low, especially given existing mitigations. Mitigations included chemical control, removal of infested trees, and burial of wood waste in managed landfills that involved multiple-layering, compaction, and capping of dumped waste with a 15-cm soil cover at the end of each day. Although the risk of business-as-usual collection and disposal practices was virtually nil, any changes of policy or practice such as illegal dumping or disposal at a single landfill increased the risk many thousandfold. By rigorously maintaining and monitoring existing mitigations, it was estimated that taxpayers would save $75 to $122 million dollars over the next decade.
Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract Background Lung transplantation (LT) is the final treatment option for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Perioperative challenges after LT are unique and commonly include excessive bleeding, arrhythmias, and primary graft dysfunction. Transient left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) is a known postoperative complication, but not fully explored. We describe our experiences at a single institution. Methods We reviewed our database for patients with PAH who underwent LT from July 2008 to July 2012. The data were analyzed for preoperative inotrope use, intravenous prostacyclin, cardiac catheterization, and imaging. Also measured were perioperative ischemic time, bypass time, primary graft dysfunction, ventilator days, length of stay, and mortality. LVD is defined as acute cardiopulmonary compromise (acute worsening of hypoxia with new bilateral infiltrates on imaging) with a drop in LV systolic function of 15% from baseline. We compared data between patients with LVD and without LVD. Results Sixteen patients met the criteria, the majority of patients (10) with World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 PAH. Thirteen received intravenous prostacyclin therapy, and 6 required inotropes before surgery. Five patients (31%) developed LVD after transplantation. Average time to onset of LVD was 4.2 days. Preoperative vasopressors were required in 60% of those developing LVD. Patients with LVD had lower right and left ventricular ejection fraction with higher left ventricular end diastolic volume before surgery. All patients recovered from LVD within 4 months after LT. Conclusions LVD is a phenomenon observed mostly in patients with WHO group 1 PAH receiving LT. Prompt recognition and treatment of this condition reduced morbidity.
Hydrogeological Characterization of Aquifers of the Fred Creek Valley, Arkansas River Basin, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Abstract Fred Creek is a tributary of the Arkansas River which drains residential areas in south Tulsa County, Oklahoma. The aquifer that occupies Fred Creek is a complex of three interconnected deposits: (1) the highly weathered regolith of the Pennsylvanian siltstones in the valley floor, (2) the Quaternary stream alluvium filling the lower valley, and (3) the older Quaternary terrace deposits on the valley slopes. The aquifer is recharged through permeable colluvium zones by rainfall and by downward flow from the surface by snowmelt. Discharge is to the creek. The water table declines most during the spring and summer, controlled by water uptake by plants. Solution of matrix minerals by recharging water controls the chemistry of much of the calcium-bicarbonate groundwater. Modification of the main water type occurs when high concentration water from terrace deposits mixes with the water flowing down the valley.
Effects of high potassium cardioplegia and hypothermia on myocardial compliance and distribution of water and potassium. II. The hypertrophied canine heart.

High potassium solution for elective car?ioplegia associated with hypothermia has been shown to be effective for electromechanical arrest and myocardial presemation. The extracellular space (ECS), intracellular potassium, percentage of water change, and ventricular compliance were measured after I hour of reperjksion following I hour of high (35 mEq/liter) and low (5 mEqlliter) potassium (K’) cardioplegia employing normothermia and hypothermia in the isolated per@sed hypertrophied heart. The ECS measured with ‘H inulin in the hypertrophied control group was 27.80 -C 0.1% with total water content of 81. I I!I 0.4%, both of which were higher than the previously measured normal myocardium (p < 0.05). High potassium hypothermic arrest and reperjkion showed no change in ECS or intracellular K+ in normal hearts but produced an increase in EC’S (35.2 k 3.0) (p < O.OOI) and intracellular potassium in the hypertrophied group. Low potassium hypothermic arrest and reperfirsion showed no change in EC’S and increase in intracellular K’ in normal hearts but produced increased ECS (45.0 + 3.3%) and intercellular K’ in hypertrophied hearts (P < 0.05). High potassium normothermic arrest and reperjksion showed increased ECS and intracellular potassium in both normal hearts, ECS = 27.8 + 0.1% Cfour dogs) (p < 0.05) and hypertrophied hearts, ECS = 55.7 + 1.2% (P < 0.05). Compliance measurements in hypertrophied hearts showed no change with hypothermic high and low potassium arrest but decreased compliance (I’ < 0.05) when normothermic high K’ arrest was employed. Postperfusion shiffs of potassium in the reper@sion period suggest decreased potassium eflux and +-reasedjuid shift in all groups except the normal myocardium protected with hypothermic high K’ solution. Although d@rent from controls, hypertrophied hearts protected with hypothermic high K’ solution showed less juid shifts and potassium e&x than did the hypertrophied hypothermic low K’ or hypertrophied normothermic high K+ groups. The hypertrophied heart is more susceptible to &id and potassium shifts afier potassium arrest than is the normal heart with high K’ hypothermic arrest producing the least amount of changes.
la actividad enzimática de las peroxidasas es imitada por compuestos oxidados derivados del hemo

Besides serving as oxygen carriers and electrons are peroxidases which catalyze reactions hemoproteinas where an oxygen atom is transferred almsustrato water and one. The applicability of the above is directly reflected in the human body to be protected from the harmful peroxides by hydroperoxides; "In erythrocytes and other tissues, glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the enzyme destruction H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides by reduced glutathione, protecting the membrane lipids and hemoglobin against oxidation and peroxides" (1). The accumulation of these compounds (peroxides) causes an imbalance organic relates to the generation of free radicals; this leads to destruction of membranes and possible causes of cancer and atherosclerosis. The benefit of the enzymatic process of peroxidases in this case, is to participate as acceptor electronesen reducing peroxides.
Evaluation of Electroencephalography Source Localization Algorithms with Multiple Cortical Sources

Background Source localization algorithms often show multiple active cortical areas as the source of electroencephalography (EEG). Yet, there is little data quantifying the accuracy of these results. In this paper, the performance of current source density source localization algorithms for the detection of multiple cortical sources of EEG data has been characterized. Methods EEG data were generated by simulating multiple cortical sources (2–4) with the same strength or two sources with relative strength ratios of 1:1 to 4:1, and adding noise. These data were used to reconstruct the cortical sources using current source density (CSD) algorithms: sLORETA, MNLS, and LORETA using a p-norm with p equal to 1, 1.5 and 2. Precision (percentage of the reconstructed activity corresponding to simulated activity) and Recall (percentage of the simulated sources reconstructed) of each of the CSD algorithms were calculated. Results While sLORETA has the best performance when only one source is present, when two or more sources are present LORETA with p equal to 1.5 performs better. When the relative strength of one of the sources is decreased, all algorithms have more difficulty reconstructing that source. However, LORETA 1.5 continues to outperform other algorithms. If only the strongest source is of interest sLORETA is recommended, while LORETA with p equal to 1.5 is recommended if two or more of the cortical sources are of interest. These results provide guidance for choosing a CSD algorithm to locate multiple cortical sources of EEG and for interpreting the results of these algorithms.
Myocardial Oxidative Stress in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease often necessitates a period of myocardial ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest, followed by reperfusion after aortic cross-clamp removal. In experimental models, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion is associated with significant oxidative stress and ventricular dysfunction. A prospective observational study was conducted in infants (<1 year) who underwent elective surgical repair of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) or tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Blood samples were drawn following anesthetic induction (baseline) and directly from the coronary sinus at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min following aortic cross-clamp removal. Samples were analyzed for oxidant stress using assays for thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant capacity. For each subject, raw assay data were normalized to individual baseline samples and expressed as fold-change from baseline. Results were compared using a one-sample t test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Sixteen patients (ten with TOF and six with VSD) were enrolled in the study, and there were no major postoperative complications observed. For the entire cohort, there was an immediate, rapid increase in myocardial oxidative stress that was sustained for 10 min following aortic cross-clamp removal in all biomarker assays (all P < 0.01), except total antioxidant capacity. Infant cardiac surgery is associated with a rapid, robust, and time-dependent increase in myocardial oxidant stress as measured from the coronary sinus in vivo. Future studies with larger enrollment are necessary to assess any association between myocardial oxidative stress and early postoperative outcomes.
Substance P in Human Spermatozoa and Modulation of Sperm Motility by Substance P and Its Antagonists

There are similarities in the distribution of Substance P (SP) and enkephalins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. SP and methionine enkephalin (MEK) exhibited opposing effects on nociception, uptake of Ca++ ions by the nervous tissue, release of ACh and modulation of cholinergic function [1–3]. Peripheral branches of certain primary-afferent neurons liberated SP as a neurotransmitter in autonomic post-ganglionic cells and caused long-lasting increase in the excitability of ganghon cells to the primary transmitter, ACh [3]. The male genital system, its glands (seminal vesicles prostate, epididymis) and plexus (vesical, prostatic, cavernous) have rich autonomic and sensory or afferent innervation. However, little information is available about the role of SP in the male genital system.
It's Not Whether You Win or Lose, It's How You Place the Blame: Shifting Perceptions of Recreancy in the Context of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A key theoretical concept in the study of technological disasters is “recreancy,” which refers to perception that institutional actors have failed to carry out their responsibilities in a manner that engenders societal trust. Using household survey data from the Community Oil Spill Survey (COSS) to assess recreancy in the context of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we analyze four waves of the COSS collected between 2010 and 2013 to explore respondents’ perceptions of blame and distrust in relation to key institutional actors associated with the disaster, paying special attention to the influence of time and employment in natural resource occupations. We show that BP is clearly viewed as the principal responsible party at fault for the disaster and that the odds of blaming BP and the federal government have held relatively steady over time, while the odds of blaming state government increased over time. We find high levels of distrust of BP and the federal government, but show that odds of being distrustful of both institutional actors was significantly lower three years after the spill. Fishing households were significantly more likely to blame and be distrustful of institutional actors, a finding that is strongly consistent with theoretical expectations.
Grain Growth Impediment of Fe-Based Nanocomposites During Heat Treatment at Elevated Temperature

Cryogenic ball milling of Fe-10 wt.%Al in liquid argon is shown to produce a nanocrystalline microstructure with high thermal stability against grain growth. The experimental evidence suggests that this stability may originate from the presence of fine γ-Al2O3 particles which pin the Fe grain boundaries. In contrast, Fe3O4 particles formed during cryomilling of Fe in liquid nitrogen were not able to impede grain growth during consolidation at 823 K. The interactions between the γ-Al2O3 particles and the grain boundaries during growth may be described by Gladman’s theory. Additional stabilization against grain growth may have been provided by the presence of Al at the Fe grain boundaries. Following annealing at 1223 K, the grain size of the Fe-10 wt.%Al powders cryomilled in liquid argon was 13.3 ± 7.9 nm, but it exceeded 1700 nm following annealing at 1373 K. The loss of nanocrystalline structure may be attributed to the Ostwald ripening of γ-Al2O3 particles, resulting in abnormal grain growth.
A New Method of Assay of Chromatophorotropic Hormone by Means of Excised Lizard Skin

The principle of the method to be described for testing pituitary chromatophorotropic substances is based on the fact that the dermal melanophores of excised skin of Anolis carolinensis respond to pituitary chromatophorotropin1 by dispersion of the melanosomes.The use of hypophysectomized frogs and lizards and light adapted frogs involves several undesirable conditions. They are all time-consuming, and in the case of operated reptiles, endocrine imbalance, especially thyroid effects, are involved. The use of excised skin of Anolis as a test object for measuring intensity of effect, is very rapid, entails no difficult operative procedure, requires only small amounts of material, and eliminates the influences of other possible endocrine or neural disturbances. The test has been found to be reliable. Uniform responses are produced on skin of wellfed animals 100% of the time without difficulty. The complete dispersion of melanosomes is easily detected since the color change from green to brown is very strikin...
Facile Synthesis of Germanium Nanoparticles with Size Control: Microwave versus Conventional Heating

A facile size-controlled synthesis (microwave/conventional) of quasi-spherical germanium nanoparticles is reported. Oleylamine serves as a solvent, a binding ligand, and a reducing agent in the synthesis. Reactions were carried out with microwave-assisted heating, and the results have been compared with those produced by conventional heating. Germanium iodides (GeI4, GeI2) were used as the Ge precursor, and size control in the range of 4–11 nm was achieved by controlling the ratio of Ge4+/Ge2+ in the precursor mix. Longer reaction times and higher temperatures were also observed to have an effect on the nanoparticle size distribution. Microwave heating resulted in crystalline nanoparticles at lower temperatures than conventional resistive heating because of the ability of germanium iodides to convert electromagnetic radiation directly to heat. The reported approach for germanium nanoparticle preparation avoids the use of strong reducing agents (LiAlH4, n-BuLi, NaBH4) and HF for etching and, thus, can be c...
Appendico-ureterocutaneous Fistula: Report of a Case

Abstract Fistulas between the appendix and genitourinary tract are unusual. We report herein a case of an appendico-ureterocutaneous fistula.
Experience with the Artificial Urinary Sphincter at Michigan

AbstractBetween August 1973 and May 1975, 9 patients with various causes of urinary incontinence were treated with the implantable artificial sphincter. Of these 9 patients 6 remained continent on long-term followup. Complications, observed in 5 patients, were corrected successfully in 2 but were treated unsuccessfully in 3 and resulted in partial or complete removal of the prosthesis. The need for screening the patient preoperatively, meticulous operative techniques and continuous post-operative surveillance is emphasized. An orderly method of evaluating the problem is presented.
Further studies on the adsorption characteristics of foot-and-mouth disease virus residual to adsorption with homogenized calf kidney.

Summary An unusual adsorption pattern in bovine kidney cell culture was revealed by repeatedly adsorbing foot-and-mouth disease virus selected by adsorption with homogenized calf kidney. Only 33% of the selected virus was adsorbed by cell cultures during one 30-wm. adsorption period as compared to 67% of the control virus. After 8 adsorption periods the selected virus inoculum still produced plaques, whereas essentially all virus activity was removed from the control inoculum after 4 adsorption periods.
Cluster size convergence of the density matrix embedding theory and its dynamical cluster formulation: A study with an auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo solver

We investigate the cluster size convergence of the energy and observables using two forms of density matrix embedding theory (DMET): the original cluster form (CDMET) and a new formulation motivated by the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA-DMET). Both methods are applied to the half-filled one- and two-dimensional Hubbard models using a sign-problem free auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo impurity solver, which allows for the treatment of large impurity clusters of up to 100 sites. While CDMET is more accurate at smaller impurity cluster sizes, DCA-DMET exhibits faster asymptotic convergence towards the thermodynamic limit. We use our two formulations to produce new accurate estimates for the energy and local moment of the two-dimensional Hubbard model for U/t=2,4,6. These results compare favorably with the best data available in the literature, and help resolve earlier uncertainties in the moment for U/t=2.
Importance of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Fluxes in Western Maryland

The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the gaseous elemental mercury (GEM, Hg°) fluxes between the atmosphere and soils. Moreover, we wanted to quantify the annual GEM flux, identify the controls, and compare the GEM flux to annual rates of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) dry deposition and wet deposition of total mercury. We measured GEM fluxes using the modified Bowen ratio (MBR) technique from 6 July 2009 to 6 July 2010 in western Maryland. The annual hourly mean (±std. dev.) GEM flux was −0.63 ± 31.0 ng·m−2·h−1. Hourly mean GEM fluxes were not strongly correlated with atmospheric trace gases, aerosols, or meteorology. However, hourly mean GEM emissions (15.3 ± 27.9 ng·m−2·h−1) and deposition (−14.6 ± 26.6 ng·m−2·h−1) were correlated with ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), wind speed (WS), ozone (O3), and relative humidity (RH). The annual net GEM flux was −3.33 µg· m−2·year−1 and was similar to the annual dry deposition rate of GOM (2.5 to 3.2 µg·m−2·year−1), and 40% less than the annual mean wet deposition (8 µg·m−2·year−1) of total mercury. Thus, dry deposition of GEM accounted for approximately 25% of the total annual mercury deposition (~14 ug·m−2·year−1) measured at our study site.
Direct measurement and microscale mapping of nanoNewton to milliNewton magnetic forces

This paper describes the direct measurement and mapping of magnetic forces/fields with microscale spatial resolution by combining a commercial microforce sensing probe with a thin-film permanent micromagnet. The main motivation of this work is to fill a critical metrology gap with a technology for direct measurement of magnetic forces from nN to 10’s of mN with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. This capability is ideal for measuring forces (which are linked to magnetic field gradients) produced by small-scale magnetic and electromagnetic devices including sensors, actuators, MEMS, micromotors, microfluidics, biomedical devices. This new measuring technique is validated by comparison of measured forces from small permanent magnets with the analytical models.
TRANSMISSION OF TWO RICKETTSIA-LIKE DISEASE AGENTS OF DOGS BY ENDOPARASITES IN NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the transmission of two rickettsia-like disease agents of dogs by endoparasites in Northwestern USA. Theoretically, helminth parasites should make ideal vectors and reservoirs of disease. They are present in profusion throughout the animal kingdom. The natural transmission of Neorickettsia heiminthoeca , the causative agent of salmon poisoning disease of dogs, by Nanophyetus salmincola , an intestinal fluke with a dog-small-fish life cycle, has been repeatedly demonstrated. Elokomin fluke fever is acquired by the dog after ingestion of salmon and trout infected with the metacercariae of Nanophyetus salmincola . The disease causes a marked rise in heterophile antibody. Serological studies using complement fixation and neutralization tests have shown the disease to be distinct from salmon poisoning. Ferrets and bears are susceptible to Elokomin fluke fever and refractory to salmon poisoning disease.
The superiorly based bilobed flap for nasal reconstruction

Background The laterally based bilobed flap is commonly used for the reconstruction of small- to medium-sized defects of the distal portion of the nose; However, when this flap is used to repair defects that are larger, more cephalic, or more lateral on the nose, there is a risk for lower nasal distortion. Reorienting the base superiorly preserves the advantages of the traditional design while minimizing this risk. Objective To demonstrate the design, execution, and efficacy of the superiorly based bilobed flap. Methods A retrospective review examined all superiorly based bilobed flaps performed by 1 surgeon (J.C.) in 2000-2016 after tumor extirpation by Mohs micrographic surgery at a single institution. Results A total of 41 surgical defects were closed with 40 flaps between June 2000 and August 2016 (1 patient had 2 defects closed with a single flap). Of the tumors, 55% were located on the nasal dorsum, and the median of the longest postoperative tumor axis was 1.4 cm. Follow-up was available for 40 flaps, and no infections, hematomas, or episodes of full-thickness necrosis were observed. Limitations Data were collected retrospectively from a single institution without a standardized assessment tool for aesthetic outcomes. Conclusion The superiorly based bilobed flap is useful for nasal reconstruction.
Race, Ethnicity, Income Concentration and 10-Year Change in Urban Greenness in the United States

Background: Cross-sectional studies suggest urban greenness is unequally distributed by neighborhood demographics. However, the extent to which inequalities in greenness have changed over time remains unknown. Methods: We estimated 2001 and 2011 greenness using Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite-derived normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) in 59,483 urban census tracts in the contiguous U.S. We fit spatial error models to estimate the association between baseline census tract demographic composition in 2000 and (1) 2001 greenness and (2) change in greenness between 2001 and 2011. Results: In models adjusted for population density, climatic factors, housing tenure, and Index of Concentration at the Extremes for income (ICE), an SD increase in percent White residents (a 30% increase) in 2000 was associated with 0.021 (95% CI: 0.018, 0.023) higher 2001 NDVI. We observed a stepwise reduction in 2001 NDVI with increased concentration of poverty. Tracts with a higher proportion of Hispanic residents in 2000 lost a small, statistically significant amount of greenness between 2001 and 2011 while tracts with higher proportions of Whites experienced a small, statistically significant increase in greenness over the same period. Conclusions: Census tracts with a higher proportion of racial/ethnic minorities, compared to a higher proportion of White residents, had less greenness in 2001 and lost more greenness between 2001 and 2011. Policies are needed to increase greenness, a health-promoting neighborhood asset, in disadvantaged communities.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma

The successful treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most impressive achievements of modern medicine. Today more than 90% of patients without fever, weight loss, or night sweats (B symptoms) are cured with optimal treatment, and 60–70% of those with B symptoms are cured as well. Fortunately, most patients do not have B symptoms at presentation. These cure rates have not been achieved without problems. Long-term complications of cure have interrupted the well-being of a sizeable fraction of survivors, and relapses—even late relapses—are still a problem. Current clinical research is focused on optimal noninvasive staging of disease, reducing the short- and long-term complications of treatment, and early diagnosis of serious long-term complications such as cardiac disease and second malignancies. For the first time in decades new drugs with major activity against Hodgkin lymphoma have been identified and their optimal role in treatment is currently being defined.
Spatio-temporal registration of multiple trajectories

A growing number of medical datasets now contain both a spatial and a temporal dimension. Trajectories, from tools or body features, are thus becoming increasingly important for their analysis. In this paper, we are interested in recovering the spatial and temporal differences between trajectories coming from different datasets. In particular, we address the case of surgical gestures, where trajectories contain both spatial transformations and speed differences in the execution. We first define the spatio-temporal registration problem between multiple trajectories. We then propose an optimization method to jointly recover both the rigid spatial motions and the non-linear time warpings. The optimization generates also a generic trajectory template, in which spatial and temporal differences have been factored out. This approach can be potentially used to register and compare gestures side-by-side for training sessions, to build gesture trajectory models for automation by a robot, or to register the trajectories of natural or artificial markers which follow similar motions. We demonstrate its usefulness with synthetic and real experiments. In particular, we register and analyze complex surgical gestures performed by tele-manipulation using the da Vinci robot.
Abstract 3301: Using a novel single-cell lineage-tracing technique to uncover the mechanisms driving nongenetic cancer relapse

Despite favorable initial response to platinum chemotherapy, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer will develop recurrent disease and succumb to it within 5 years of diagnosis. Initial recurrence is frequently platinum-sensitive and women can respond to multiple lines of platinum-based chemotherapy before eventually developing platinum-refractory disease. The observation that the tumor cells that survive the initial therapy give rise to a chemosensitive progeny is inconsistent with a simple Darwinian model of selection of genetically resistant clones. Tumor dormancy, stochastic cell state shifts and stem cell-like populations are among the mechanisms hypothesized to mediate re-emergence of platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. However, given the lack of high-throughput methods to simultaneously track cell state and lineage, it is not currently feasible to distinguish the relative contribution of each of these factors. To address this need, we generated a new lentiviral barcode library, termed Watermelon. Unlike existing barcoding libraries that enable the tracking of multiple cancer cells solely at the DNA level, the Watermelon library encodes transcribed barcodes, which allows one to map the lineage to the transcriptional profile of each individual cell. This unique barcoding scheme, which is coupled with a genetic H2B retention system, enables simultaneous tracing of lineage as well as the transcriptional and proliferative states of each cell in the population during drug treatment. We have established and characterized an in vitro platinum-sensitive relapse model and are applying the Watermelon system together with time-lapse imaging to study the mechanisms underlying time-to-relapse variation and cell-fate decisions. By broadening our knowledge of the cellular and molecular pathways that affect noninherited drug resistance, our work will facilitate the future development of novel therapies that delay or even prevent the emergence of platinum-refractory ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Yaara Oren, Aviv Regev, Joan Brugge. Using a novel single-cell lineage-tracing technique to uncover the mechanisms driving nongenetic cancer relapse [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3301.
The curious case of Catherine Mary Hewitt and U.S. Major General of Volunteers John Fulton Reynolds: bodies, mourning the dead, and religion in the era of the American Civil War

ABSTRACTAt the time of his death at the Battle of Gettysburg, General Reynolds was the highest-ranking Union officer killed in the American Civil War. The return of the General’s body from the batt...
User Affect and No-Match Dialogue Scenarios: An Analysis of Facial Expression

Recent years have seen significant advances in natural language dialogue management and a growing recognition that multimodality can inform dialogue policies. A key dialogue policy problem is presented by 'no-match' scenarios, in which the dialogue system receives a user utterance for which no matching response is found. This paper reports on a study of the 'no-match' problem in the context of a dialogue agent embedded within a game-based learning environment. We investigate how users' facial expressions exhibited in response to the agent's no-match utterances predict the users' opinion of the agent after the interaction has completed. The results indicate that models incorporating users' facial expressions following no-match utterances are highly predictive of user opinion and significantly outperform baseline models. This work represents a key step toward affect-informed dialogue systems whose policies are informed by users' affective expression.
Improvement in the Radiative Efficiency of InGaN-Based Multiple Quantum Wells using AlGaN Interlayers

Al y Ga 1-y N interlayers are used on top of In x Ga 1-x N quantum wells as strain compensating layers to force pseudomorphic growth of the entire InGaN/AlGaN/GaN multiple quantum well stack. This leads to lower defect formation and higher radiative efficiency at green-gap (520–630 nm) wavelengths.
Comparative Features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast on Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

To evaluate the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the breast in separating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) from infiltrating ductal carcinoma, the authors reviewed 16 preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsies from biopsy-proven exclusive DCIS and 39 fine-needle aspiration biopsies from infiltrating ductal carcinomas with or without an in situ component. Seven (44%) of the DCIS and eight (21%) of the infiltrating ductal carcinomas had inadequate material for diagnosis on the aspiration biopsy. Five (32%) of the DCIS and 29 (74%) of the infiltrating ductal carcinomas caused suspicion or had positive results for malignancy. Four (25%) of the DCIS and two (5%) of the infiltrating ductal carcinomas showed a typical cells. Morphologic features of the atypical or malignant cells in the adequate specimens from these two lesions were similar except that the cells from the infiltrating ductal carcinomas showed more irregular nuclear spacing (94% vs . 44%, P < 0.01) and more pronounced nuclear overlapping (65% vs . 33%) than those from the DCIS. In addition, the fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the DCIS tended to be hypocellular (< 10 cells/10×) (44% vs . 6.5%, P < 0.05) and to contain benign epithelial cells (22% vs . 6.5%) and macrophages (33% vs . 13%). Although the suspicion of DCIS might be raised when hypocellularity, benign epithelial cells, and macrophages are noted in a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the breast that has positive results or causes suspicion for malignancy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy cannot be relied upon to distinguish DOS from infiltrating ductal carcinoma.
Orbital Sciences: The Challenge of Breaking Away from Government Contracts as a Source of Revenue Flow

Founded in 1982 as an alternative to conventional aerospace contracting, Orbital Sciences grew into a distinguishable commercial space undertaking with over $700 million in annual revenues and only one-third of its work drawn from the U.S. government. McCurdy explains how rough times eventually forced the company to return to government awards. Orbital won a NASA award to deliver cargo to the International Space Station but failed to qualify for the prized crew transport awards. Three decades after its founding, Orbital Sciences disappeared, absorbed into a conventional aerospace firm doing most of its work under contract to the U.S. government. The Orbital story demonstrates how difficult the maintenance of commercial independence can be even for an established new space firm.
Raciocínio médico na consulta com doente e acompanhante – reflexão a propósito dum caso clínico

Resumo Introducao: A presenca de acompanhantes nas consultas de Medicina Geral e Familiar (MGF) e frequente, no entanto as suas implicacoes nao estao bem estudadas. A discussao deste caso clinico tem como objetivo refletir como a presenca de acompanhantes na consulta pode interferir na relacao medico-doente e no raciocinio clinico. Descricao do caso: Doente de 33 anos, estrangeiro, com agravamento da enxaqueca e crises suspeitas de epilepsia, com cerca de 2 anos de evolucao. Foi estudado em internamento de Neurologia, sem diagnostico claro. Na consulta de MGF, devido a barreira linguistica, a companheira por vezes falava pelo doente e descrevia episodios compativeis com crises epilepticas. Aprofundando efetivamente as queixas do doente, foram diagnosticadas perturbacao depressiva major e perturbacao de pânico. O doente respondeu favoravelmente ao tratamento, permitindo-lhe retomar a sua atividade profissional. Comentario: A perspetiva generalista, biopsicossocial e centrada na pessoa permite ao medico de familia interpretar de forma livre as queixas dos doentes. No entanto, as implicacoes da presenca de acompanhantes no raciocinio clinico deverao ser melhor estudadas. Palavras-chave: Relacao medico-doente; raciocinio medico. Abstract Background: The presence of companions during General Practice consultation is frequent and it’s implications have not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this clinical report is to think over how the presence of companions may interfere in the doctor-patient relation and clinical reasoning. Results: A foreign 33 year-old patient, presented with worsening migraine and seizure-like episodes, for about 2 years. He was extensively studied in Neurology without a clear diagnosis. In the general practicioner (GP) consultation, due to the language barrier, his girlfriend frequently spoke for him and described the seizure-like episodes. Clarifying the patient’s complaints, he was diagnosed with major depressive disorder and panic disorder. The patient responded completely to the prescribed medication and returned to work. Conclusion: The general practice, biopsychosocial and patient centered perspective allow the GP to interpret patient’s complaints freely and without prejudices. However, the presence of companions and its impact on clinical reasiong and doctor-patient relation should be better investigated. Keywords: Physician-Patient Relations; medical reasoning.
Mahalanobis Metric Based Clustering for Fixed Effects Model

In this paper, we propose a Mahalanobis metric based k-means algorithm (KMM) for group membership estimation in linear panel data models with time-varying grouped fixed-effects by Bonhomme and Manresa (Econometrica 83, 1147–1184, 2015). The proposed method improves the accuracy of estimates by taking serial correlation and heteroscedasticity into account. We also derive the optimal β for group membership estimation and show that it may be different from the true coefficient parameter. Since the optimal β is not feasible in practice, we propose the data driven selection method for its implementation.
Race in association with physical and mental health among former professional American-style football players: findings from the Football Players Health Study.

Abstract Purpose Race differences in health are pervasive in the United States. American-style football players are a racially diverse group with social status and other benefits that may reduce health disparities. Whether race disparities in health exist among former professional football players, and whether they differ by era of play, is unknown. Methods We examined the association of self-reported race with health outcomes (e.g., physical and cognitive function, pain, depression and anxiety), among 3,747 participants in the Football Players Health Study, comprised of former National Football League (NFL) players who played since 1960. We conducted analyses stratified by age. Results Black players had increased risk of all five adverse health outcomes versus white players (risk ratio (RR) range=1.36 to 1.89). Native Hawaiians and men of other races had greater risk of all health outcomes except impaired physical functioning, compared with white players (RR range=1.25 to 1.64). No clear patterns were observed by era of play. In general, race disparities were not accounted for by health-related exposures during playing years. Adjustment for current BMI somewhat attenuated associations. Conclusions Social and economic advantages of playing professional football did not appear to equalized race disparities in health.
Why haven’t Mexican Americans disappeared or gone away?

Based on a longitudinal survey of 1,400 Mexican Americans and 70 in-depth interviews, Telles and Sue examine the ethnic and national identity of third-generation-plus Mexican Americans. The book is...
A 2-Week Course of Naproxen for Heterotopic Ossification Prophylaxis Is Effective Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 weeks of naproxen prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Methods All consecutive hip arthroscopy cases by a single surgeon from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were included if they met the following criteria: (1) Primary hip arthroscopy, including femoral neck osteoplasty, for FAI; (2) naproxen prophylaxis for 2 weeks’ duration; and (3) radiographic follow-up at a minimum of 3 months postoperatively. Radiographic imaging for each patient was evaluated for the presence of HO, and independent radiology reports were used to confirm patients with HO. Maximal size of HO was measured and classified according to the Brooker criteria. Demographic and operative variables of the patients included in this study who received naproxen prophylaxis for 2 weeks were formally compared with a cohort of patients who received naproxen prophylaxis for 3 weeks in a previous randomized controlled trial. Results A total of 185 patients who received naproxen prophylaxis for 2 weeks were included in the study, 5 of whom developed HO (3%). A total of 48 patients who received naproxen prophylaxis for 3 weeks were included for comparison, 2 of whom developed HO (4%). There was no significant difference in the rate of HO formation between 2 weeks and 3 weeks of naproxen prophylaxis (P = .597). All 7 cases of HO were classified as Brooker class 1. Conclusions The observed rate of postoperative heterotopic ossification after 2 weeks of naproxen prophylaxis in this study was equivalent to that observed after 3 weeks’ prophylaxis in a previously published study. Two weeks of naproxen prophylaxis may be a sufficient treatment course for the prevention of heterotopic ossification after primary hip arthroscopy for FAI. Level of Evidence Level III – Retrospective Comparative Study.
Target Selection as Variable Selection: Using the Lasso to Select Auxiliary Vectors for the Construction of Survey Weights

Survey nonresponse is a ubiquitous problem in modern survey research. As individuals have become less likely to respond to surveys there has been a simultaneous rise in highly granular data sources that can be used to help ameliorate the nonresponse problem. While much research has been done on post-hoc weighting methods, which provide a flexible and general solution for unit nonresponse, there is an open question of how to select the optimal auxiliary vector to include in the weighting method. We formulate this as a methodological question of variable and interaction selection where the goal is, assuming an individual level stochastic response probability, to construct an optimal set of weights for each individual respondent to account for an observed pattern of nonresponse. We use recent literature on hierarchical group-lasso regularization to determine the best auxiliary vector for weighting. We show the advantages of this method in simulations that are derived from real survey data sampled off of an individual level voter file in recent elections. We also apply the method to historic quota sampled survey data from the 1930s and 1940s to show the advantages of this method even where the sampling design is unknown.
Robust Compensation of Uncertain Equilibrium in the Control of Dynamic Systems

This paper studies the robust stabilization problem for dynamic systems with uncertain knowledge of their equilibrium state. An adaptive compensation solution is proposed with an adjustment mechanism that corrects the equilibrium state information used by state and output feedback controllers to drive the steady state of the closed-loop system towards its true equilibrium. Necessary conditions are derived with respect to the design parameters of the adaptive compensator to guarantee the robust stability of the closed-loop after the addition of the adjustment mechanism. A design procedure is then presented for the adaptive compensator in terms of the solutions to linear matrix inequality conditions. The proposed control scheme is numerically validated on a Lorenz attractor system, which exhibits open loop chaotic behavior.