cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying risk factor for development of perioperative venous thromboembolism in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy.

Abstract Background Current data suggests that decreasing VTE incidence may require focus on other factors. This study aimed to identify perioperative risk factors for VTE in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for GI malignancy from 2013 to 2016 were grouped according to whether or not they developed a postoperative VTE, and groups were compared along demographic, perioperative, and outcome variables. Results Patients who developed VTE were more likely to be older (67 ± 11 VTE vs. 61 ± 10 no VTE, p = 0.04), male (92% vs. 59%, p = 0.02), and have a history of atrial fibrillation (39% vs. 11%, p = 0.01). They also experienced higher intraoperative blood loss (328 ± 724 mL no VTE vs. 918 ± 1885 mL VTE, p = 0.01). On multivariable analysis, history of atrial fibrillation was independently associated with development of postoperative VTE (odds ratio = 3.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–13.05, p = 0.03). Conclusion A prior history of atrial fibrillation independently predicts increased risk of developing VTE after surgery for GI malignancy. Improving understanding of the underlying VTE pathophysiology in these patients can help guide effective prevention strategies.
Understanding the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Associated with Community Gardening to Improve Environmental Public Health Prevention and Intervention.

Considering that community members continue to garden in and near environments impacted by pollutants known to negatively impact human health, this paper seeks to characterize the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of a gardener and elucidate their perception of soil quality and environmental responsibility, awareness of past land use, and gardening behavior. Via semi-structured interviews with community gardeners in the Boston area (N = 17), multifactorial motivations associated with gardening as well as ongoing environmental health challenges were reported. Gardeners are knowledgeable about their garden’s historical past and are concerned with soil quality, theft, trash maintenance, animal waste, and loss of produce from foraging animals. Study findings directly inform the field of environmental health exposure assessments by reporting gardening duration, activities that can lead to incidental soil ingestion, and consumption patterns of locally grown produce. This information combined with an understanding of a gardener’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can be used to develop urban agricultural infrastructure and management strategies, educational programming, and place-based environmental public health interventions.
Long term outcomes of patients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Abstract Background We aimed to study outcomes in HIV + patients with HCC in the US following Liver Transplantation (LT) using the UNOS dataset. Methods The database was queried from 2003 to 2016 for patients undergoing LT with HCC, HIV+, and HCC/HIV+. Results Out of 17,397 LT performed for HCC during the study period, 113 were transplanted for HCC with HIV infection (91 isolated livers). Patients transplanted for HCC/HIV+ were younger (55.54 ± 5.89 vs 58.80 ± 7.37, p and HCC/HIV + recipients. However, these variances were lost after case-matching. Recurrence and disease free survival were similar in HCC alone vs HCC/HIV + recipients. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that excellent outcomes can be achieved in selected patients with HCC/HIV+.
Modeling the spatial spread of alfalfa stem nematodes

The velocity of a traveling invasive front of a pest can be determined through the moment generating function associated to the so-called contact distribution of the dispersal process. This distribution captures the non-local character of the underlying spatial component in an invasion event. In this paper we present a spatial model for the spread of alfalfa stem nematodes, using a Gaussian contact distribution, parameterized by experimental data. With this we proceed to approximate the velocity of nematode invasive fronts in the absence of advection, i.e. without nematode transport through flood irrigation. The parameterized probability kernel is then used to calculate the front velocities when resistant varieties of alfalfa are introduced. We found that, unsurprisingly, invasive velocities are relatively low and cannot support the rapid dispersal of the disease among fields as seen in practice. This result leads to the conjecture that changing current irrigation practices, from flood to sprinkle irrigation, could effectively contribute to controlling the spread of alfalfa stem nematodes.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Immunometabolism Converge: Perspectives on Future Research and Therapeutic Development for Obesity

Research over the past decade has shown that immunologic and metabolic pathways are intricately linked. This burgeoning field of immunometabolism includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is known to be associated with obesity-accelerated metabolic disease. Intrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of fuel utilization and bioenergetic pathways that influence immune cell function. Extrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of immune cells and products that influence systemic metabolism. Th2 immunity, macrophage iron handling, adaptive immune memory, and epigenetic regulation of immunity, which all require intrinsic metabolic changes, play a role in systemic metabolism and metabolic function, linking the two arms of immunometabolism. Together, this suggests that targeting intrinsic immunometabolism can directly affect immune function and ultimately systemic metabolism. We highlight important questions for future basic research that will help improve translational research and provide therapeutic targets to help establish new treatments for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Presence of a Dedicated Advanced Heart Failure Cardiologist in the Community Hospital and Referral Patterns

Introduction It is estimated that there is 1 board certified Advanced Heart failure physician per 6500 heart failure patients in the country. Large academic centers with transplant programs have typically housed such advanced heart failure physicians. We show the benefit of a Hub and spoke model with incorporation of such a physician at the spoke as a potential solution to tackle the public health problem of heart failure. Methods Houston Methodist is a hospital system composed of a Houston Methodist Hospital medical center and six community hospitals serving the Greater Houston metropolitan area. While the hub hospital houses a large transplant and LVAD program with 7 advanced heart failure physicians, in 2017 we hired a practitioner to spend majority time at the Houston Methodist Baytown (HMB) location. We gathered referral patterns for advanced heart failure evaluations prior to and after this structure change. Results From 2015-2017, there were 13 referrals for advanced HF (AdHF) therapy consideration to the hub hospital from HMB cardiologists. Since 2017 to the first quarter of 2019 there have been a total of 60 referrals from practicing cardiologists for management of AdHF locally to the advanced heart failure physician leading to 17 patients being evaluated, 3 receiving LVAD implants, 1 transplant and 2 listed for transplant. A shared care model for advanced therapy has facilitated local care and currently 5 LVADs and 6 transplant patients are being followed at HMB. Conclusions The local presence of advanced heart failure practitioners in community hospitals facilitates care and appropriate referral to specialists. While criteria to recognize advanced heart failure patients is evolving, there seems to be a need for a specialized expertise to manage many of these complex heart failure patients in the community. Availability of such expertise locally might be the way to influence the management for heart failure patients in the broader scope of heart failure care in the community.
Reconstitution and Dosing of Neurotoxins

Preparation is key to the outcome of neurotoxin treatment and is considered as important as the dose. The four commercially available botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations are either lyophilized as in abobotulinumA (Dysport®) and incobotulinumA (Xeomin®), or vacuum-dried powder as in onabotulinumA (Botox®) and prabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs (Jeuveau), and all are reconstituted with a diluent. Storage of the medication is also an important aspect of BoNT/A handling. All brands must be stored at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F) after reconstitution and it should to be used within 24 h. Alternatively, it is not recommended to freeze the medication after it has been reconstituted.
0.4 mW Terahertz Power Generation through Bias-Free, Telecommunication-Compatible, Photoconductive Nano-Antennas

We present a bias-free, telecommunication-compatible, photoconductive terahertz source that generates terahertz powers as high as 0.4 mW, enabling time domain terahertz spectroscopy with up to 90 dB dynamic range up to a 3.5 THz bandwidth.
Assessing Lung Transplant Survival Following Donation after Cardiac Death: A Single Center Experience

Purpose This study sought to compare survival outcomes of lung transplant (LTx) patients who received a lung from a donor after brain death (DBD) or donor after cardiac death (DCD) using institutional data. Methods A single center, retrospective review identified 609 lung transplants performed between March 2012 and July 2019. Because only 14/609 LTx were DCD, DCD recipients were propensity score matched with DBD recipients. Propensity scores (PS) were determined using patient age, sex, race, diagnosis, BMI, CPB or ECMO use during surgery, and donor age. The PS model was verified by comparing 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 pooled groups, and performing t-tests or chi-square analyses before and after matching. Survival outcomes were determined using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results In total, 609 lung transplants were performed at our institution. Of these, 14 received a DCD lung. The mean age of the DCD group was 64.2 (sd = 5.7), and mean BMI was 29.2 kg/m2 (sd = 4.15). Mean donor age for DCD lungs was 31.9 (sd = 14.0). The PS matched DBD group did not significantly differ from the DCD group by age (p = 0.520), sex (p = 0.617), diagnosis (p = 0.414), pump use (p = 0.827), BMI (p = 0.178), or donor age (p = 0.240). For DCD recipients, the 30 day, 90 day, and 1 year survival was 100%, 100%, and 91%, respectively. For DBD recipients, 30 day, 90 day, and 1 year 95.7%, 94.2%, and 83.7%, respectively. A log-rank test of the PS matched data showed no significant difference in survival between DCD and DBD lungs, p=0.372. This finding was consistent across the 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 PS matched groups. Conclusion Our experience indicates that DCD and DBD donor lungs provide comparable short-term survival. This finding agrees with other recent results, suggesting DCD donor lungs are a viable alternative and their use can be expanded.
Biologic effects of dental materials. 1. Toxicity of root canal filling materials on HeLa cells in vitro.

Abstract Twelve different root canal filling materials were tested regarding cytotoxicity in vitro with a new method which allowed complete material-cell contact throughout the entire setting time. Quantitation of toxicity was possible. All materials tested were highly toxic when freshly prepared, although an experimental cement was remarkably less toxic than other materials. Chloropercha, after chloroform evaporation , had the lowest toxic effect of all set materials. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of root canal filling materials was made.
Cardiopulmonary support and physiologyLoad dependence of cardiac output in biventricular pacing: Right ventricular volume overload in pigs☆

Background Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that optimization of biventricular pacing is load dependent. During acute pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular pressure overload in swine, cardiac output was maximized by pacing the right ventricle 40 ms before the left ventricle. To extend those studies, this experiment examined biventricular pacing optimization during right ventricular volume overload.
Making requests: Filipina/o and Latina/o immigrant claims-making and racialization

Advocacy organizations have reframed immigrants as deserving, and improved their access to services and support; yet, we know little about how low-income immigrants understand organizational frames...
Measurement of moisture-dependent ion diffusion constants in wood cell wall layers using time-lapse micro X-ray fluorescence microscopy

Our future bioeconomy depends on increased utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Controlling the diffusion of chemicals, such as inorganic ions, within secondary plant cell walls is central to many biomass applications. However, insufficient understanding of intra-cell-wall diffusion within secondary plant cell walls is hindering the advancement of many lignocellulosic biomass applications. In this work, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was used to measure diffusion constants of K+, Cu2+, and Cl- diffusing through loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) cell wall layers under 70%, 75%, or 80% relative humidity (RH). Results revealed that diffusion constants increased with RH, the larger Cu2+ diffused more slowly than the K+, and the Cl- diffusion constant was the same as that for the counter cation, indicating cations and anions diffused together to maintain charge neutrality. Comparison with electrical conductivity measurements showed that conductivity is being controlled by ion mobility over these RH. The results further support that intra-cell-wall diffusion of inorganic ions is a Fickian diffusion process occurring through rubbery amorphous polysaccharides, which contradicts previous assertions that intra-cell-wall diffusion is an aqueous process occurring through water pathways. Researchers can now utilize polymer science approaches to engineer the molecular architecture of lignocellulosic biomass to optimize properties for specific end uses.
Management of severe asthma: summary of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society task force report.

Educational aims This article is mainly intended for trainees and specialists who are interested in the management of severe asthma. It aims to inform readers about the updated ERS/ATS recommendations for management of severe asthma, specifically on the topics of biologics, macrolides and long-acting muscarinic antagonists. It also provides guidance on utilisation of available biomarkers in selecting advanced therapies in severe asthma.
Transforming growth factor-beta and breast cancer: Tumor promoting effects of transforming growth factor-β

The transforming growth factor (TGF)-βs are potent growth inhibitors of normal epithelial cells. In established tumor cell systems, however, the preponderant experimental evidence suggests that TGF-βs can foster tumor-host interactions that indirectly support the viability and/or progression of cancer cells. The timing of this 'TGF-β switch' during the progressive transformation of epithelial cells is not clear. More recent evidence also suggests that autocrine TGF-β signaling is operative in some tumor cells, and can also contribute to tumor invasiveness and metastases independent of an effect on nontumor cells. The dissociation of antiproliferative and matrix associated effects of autocrine TGF-β signaling at a transcriptional level provides for a mechanism(s) by which cancer cells can selectively use this signaling pathway for tumor progression. Data in support of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β signaling can accelerate the natural history of tumors will be reviewed in this section.
Hybrid routing: the pursuit of an adaptable and scalable routing framework for ad hoc networks

Advances in ad hoc network research have opened the door to an assortment of promising military and commercial applications for ad hoc networks. However, because each application has unique characteristics (such as traffic behavior, device capabilities, mobility patterns, operating environments, etc.), routing in such a versatile environment is a challenging task, and numerous protocols have been developed to address it. While many protocols excel for certain types of ad hoc networks, it is clear that a single basic protocol cannot perform well over the entire space of ad hoc networks. To conform to any arbitrary ad hoc network, the basic protocols designed for the edges of the ad hoc network design space need to be integrated into a tunable framework.The Zone Routing framework demonstrates how multi-scoping can provide the basis for a hybrid routing protocol framework. Zone Routing proactively maintains routing information for a local neighborhood called the routing zone (local scope), while reactively acquiring routes to destinations beyond the routing zone. In this paper, we review the Zone Routing concept and propose Zone Routing with independently sized routing zones capability. With this capability, each of the nodes in the network can adaptively configure its own optimal zone radius in a distributed fashion. We show that the performance of Zone Routing is significantly improved by the ability to provide fine-tuned adaptation to local and temporal variations in network characteristics.
Chapter 2 Spatial data policy and pricing in the United States

Summary The United States has a tradition of free access to public information. With advances in information technology, this tradition has advanced from reports and paper maps to digital databases and online access. Although information policies have allowed for the recovery of the cost of dissemination via user fees, until recently agencies have set prices at a lower level, often recovering only the marginal cost of reproduction and distribution. User expectations for accessing information, driven by the rapid adoption of the Internet and World Wide Web, have placed demands on government agencies to make public data more readily available. Agencies have responded with data catalogues, data clearinghouses, and digital products. However, the technological infrastructure to provide these services requires a significant level of resources. Agencies, faced with limited funding, are increasingly recovering these costs by charging prices that reflect the full cost of data dissemination
Lights...camera...computer science: using films to introduce computer science to non-majors

This paper describes a one-credit film course featuring movies that involve many aspects of computer science. This course was designed to introduce computer science to non-major students in an unconventional fashion. Using films, as well as a selection of inclass viewings, discussions and activities, students were exposed to diverse areas of computer science, such as computer animation, computer security, artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, and gender issues.
Neurobiology. Moving forward by looking away.

In one model of the brain, a central processing region is sandwiched between separate input and output areas. But studies of humans, and now monkeys, hint that this model may be too simplistic.
Energy storage and thermal control system design status

The Space Station Freedom electric power system (EPS) will initially rely on photovoltaics for power generation and Ni/H/sub 2/ batteries for electrical energy storage. A discussion is presented of the current design for and the development status of two major subsystems in the PV power module, namely, the energy storage subsystem, comprising high-capacity Ni/H/sub 2/ batteries, and the single phase thermal control system that rejects the excess heat generated by the batteries and other components associated with power generation and storage. >
Analytic solution for volume-overloaded gradient elution chromatography

Abstract An analytic solution to a partial differential equation model for gradient elution chromatography is obtained. The model is restricted to linear isotherms and treats mass transfer effects with the linear driving force approximation. The solution is obtained for periodic, rectangular feed pulses, with an arbitrary gradient shape and type, and is given in the form of a convergent series that allows a direct calculation of the effluent profile and of the average product concentration. Calculations for small feed pulses, show that the solution gives the retention time and peak spreading predicted by the linear solvent strength theory for reversed phase chromatography, in the limit of Gaussian peaks. For larger feed pulses the solution predicts asymmetric peaks with concentrations exceeding that of the feed sample. The theory developed is succesfully used to predict volume overload effects in gradient elution from isocratic elution data for an experimental system.
Words and Images: Chinese Poetry, Calligraphy and Painting. Edited by Alfreda Murck and Wen C. Fong. New York and Princeton: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Princeton University Press, 1991. xxii, 589 pp. $75.00.

"Words and Images" contains twenty-three essays based on papers presented at an international symposium held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in May 1985 to celebrate the gifts and promised gifts of Chinese calligraphy and painting from John M. Crawford, Jr. In these essays senior scholars from Asia and America express a wide range of perspectives on an issue that is central to the history of Chinese visual aesthetics--the relationships among poetry, calligraphy, and painting. The practice of integrating the three art forms in one work of art emerged during the Yan dynasty (1279-1369) largely in the context of the literati scholar-artist culture. This interdisciplinary exploration of the literati painting inscribed with poetry and of related topics involves art historians, literary historians, and scholars of calligraphy who cover roughly two millennia of Chinese history in their research. Chinese characters have been provided throughout the texts for artists' names, for titles of works of art and literature, and for important historical figures, as well as for excerpts of relevant poetry and prose. A chronology, also containing Chinese characters, and an extensive glossary-index are included.
Use of Balloon-Expandable Metallic Stents in the Management of Bronchial Stenosis and Bronchomalacia After Lung Transplantation

Study objectives Bronchial stenosis (BS) and bronchomalacia (BM) are often associated with lung allograft rejection or infection in lung transplant (LT) recipients. We reviewed our experience using balloon-expandable metallic (Palmaz) stents in the management of BS and BM in LT. Design Retrospective review of cases. Patients LT recipients with bronchoscopic and spirometric evidence of BS and BM. Interventions Serial balloon dilation was performed for BS. Stent placement was done for refractory or recurrent BS, or persistent focal BM. Results Twelve of 129 LT bronchial anastomoses at risk (9.3%) had complications, which included 11 BS and 5 BM. Four BS were accompanied by BM either concurrently or subsequently. The only isolated BM was associated with acute rejection and resolved after appropriate medical therapy. Balloon dilations alone were successful in relieving BS in three cases. Seven patients received a total of 11 stents. Stents were placed under conscious sedation using a flexible bronchoscope. Five of the seven patients had spirometric improvements after stent placements. One patient had no spirometric improvement, and another died before a follow-up study was done. There were no complications during stent placements. However, complications after stent placements included partial dehiscence of the stent from the bronchial wall, stent migration, partial obstruction of a segmental bronchial orifice by a stent in the main bronchus, and longitudinal stent collapse. One stent was successfully removed using a flexible bronchoscope in the endoscopy suite, and two others were removed by rigid bronchoscopy in the operating room. Conclusions Endobronchial placement of the Palmaz stent in LT recipients is relatively easy, and it can be removed if needed. However, because there are significant potential complications, the future use of this stent as an airway prosthesis in LT remains unclear.
Effects of isolation-rearing on voluntary consumption of ethanol, sucrose and saccharin solutions in Fawn Hooded and Wistar rats

These experiments examined the hypothesis that isolation-rearing and strain influence hedonic mechanisms. In experiment 1, voluntary consumption of ethanol and water was monitored in the home cage of Fawn Hooded (FH) and Wistar rats. FH rats were found to consume more ethanol at low concentrations than Wistar rats, independent of rearing condition, and isolation-reared rats were found to consume more of high ethanol concentrations, independent of strain. In experiment 2, isolation-reared rats were found to consume more sucrose, independent of concentration, than socially reared rats. In experiment 3, Fawn Hooded rats were found to be more sensitive to low concentration solutions of saccharin, and to consume less of the high concentration solutions, while isolation-rearing was found to enhance consumption of high concentrations. Thus, hedonic processes are independently modulated by strain and rearing conditions, although the effects of isolation-rearing appear to be exacerbated in Fawn Hooded rats.
Toward a Typology of Buyer–Supplier Relationships: A Study of the Computer Industry*

Buyer–supplier relationship typologies are useful analytical tools for purchasing managers in managing exchange relationships with suppliers and monitoring their purchasing portfolios. Existing buyer–supplier relationship typologies are mainly focused on either relational contents or power-dependence and have limited empirical support for their performance implications. In this study, we developed an alternative buyer–supplier relationship typology that integrates both relational content and power-dependence dimensions, resulting in four generic relationship types: market, power, autonomous-link, and constrained-link relationships. We then performed a longitudinal exploratory investigation of eight leading firms in the U.S. computer industry to explore the performance implications of the typology, using a combinatorial qualitative approach that leverages the strengths of case study research, content analysis, and quasi-experimental design. The results suggest three theoretical propositions. First, the association between the type of buyer–supplier relationships and buyer firm performance varies such that constrained-link relationships are superior in terms of operational efficiency while autonomous-link relationships are superior in terms of product innovation. Second, the positive association between buyer–supplier relational contents (i.e., relationalism) and buyer firm operational efficiency is strengthened as the suppliers' dependence on the buyer firm increases. And finally, the positive association between buyer–supplier relationalism and buyer firm product innovation is weakened as the suppliers' dependence on the buyer firm increases.
Large active volume, thin entry window semiconductor radiation detectors☆

Abstract Using a new contact configuration it has been possible to obtain energy resolutions of approximately 20 keV for alpha particles and 15 keV for beta particles in thick, lithium drifted, silicon detectors cooled to − 80°C. The electrical contact arrangement, which is easily and reliably fabricated, can withstand the repeated mechanical and thermal starin of cycling to low temperature. Since the particles enter through a gold surface barrier formed on the lithium drifted water, the detector has a thin entry window and good energy resolution.
MIXED EQUATIONS AND TRANSONIC FLOW

This paper reviews the present situation with existence and uniqueness theorems for mixed equations and their application to the problems of transonic flow. Some new problems are introduced and discussed. After a very brief discussion of time-dependent flows (Sec. 1) the steady state and its history is described in Sec. 2. In Secs. 3 and 4, early work on mixed equations and their connection to 2D flow are described and Sec. 5 brings up the problem of shocks, the construction of good airfoils and the relevant boundary value problems. In Sec. 6 we look at what two linear perturbation problems could tell us about the flow. In Sec. 7 we describe other examples of fluid problems giving rise to similar problems. Section 8 is devoted to the uniqueness by a conservation law and Secs. 9–11 to the existence proofs by Friedrichs' multipliers. In Sec. 12 a proof is given of the existence of a steady flow corresponding to some of the previous examples but the equations have been modified to a higher order system with a small parameter which when set to zero yields the equations of transonic flow. It remains to show that this formal limit really holds. Much has been left out especially modern computational results and the text reflects the particular interests of the author.
Activities of cethromycin and telithromycin against recent North American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The in vitro activities of two investigational ketolides, cethromycin (formerly ABT-773) and telithromycin, were determined for a selected group of 312 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from a national surveillance program. The MIC of cethromycin at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited was 0.008 μg/ml, and the MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited was 0.06 μg/ml; the corresponding values for telithromycin were ≤0.015 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. For six quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant strains, the cethromycin MICs were 0.25 to 16 μg/ml and the telithromycin MICs were 1 to 4 μg/ml. However, there was only 0.3% resistance to telithromycin.
Looking at Rural Communities in Teacher Preparation: Insight into a P-12 Schoolhouse.

(2006). Looking at Rural Communities in Teacher Preparation: Insight into a P—12 Schoolhouse. The Social Studies: Vol. 97, No. 4, pp. 178-184.
The Rhetoric of the State: Dependency and Control in a Malaysian–Indonesian Borderland Key Words:

This article examines dependency on cross-border labor and marriage along the international frontier in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo) and some local efforts to restrict outsiders. The international border in this remote region of Borneo is highly permeable, and border-crossing activities, including seasonal migrant wage labor and cross-border marriage, are crucial both to the local political economy and to the reproduction of the Kelabit family and farm. This article explores the unique position of the Kelabit as they attempt to appropriate aspects of state power or use the rhetoric of state power in their efforts to maintain a status quo with regard to neighboring, and closely related, migrant workers from across the border. I wish to gratefully acknowledge a Faculty Development Grant from Gettysburg College for support of research during the summer of 2003. Johan Lindquist, Donna Perry, and Melinda Wilson offered helpful comments and I am deeply indebted to the editors and the anon...
Gene expression during fruit ripening in avocado.

The poly(A) +RNA populations from avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill cv. Hass) at four stages of ripening were isolated by two cycles of oligo-dT-cellulose chromatography and examined by invitro translation, using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of the resulting translation products. Three mRNAs increased dramatically with the climacteric rise in respiration and ethylene production. The molecular weights of the corresponding translation products from the ripening-related mRNAs are 80,000, 36,000, and 16,500. These results indicate that ripening may be linked to the expression of specific genes.
Mentoring New Faculty

Abstract According to an AACN Press Release 9-2010, the faculty vacancy rate continues to climb. Currently at a rate of 6.9%, the nurse faculty vacancies will continue to climb over the next ten years. Greater than 90% of these vacancies either prefer or require a doctoral degree and unfortunately, there are a limited number of doctoral prepared nurses. Along with the lack of doctoral, prepare nurses schools of nursing also have difficulty competing with healthcare and research organizations that can provide a limited pool of doctoral prepared nurses with higher salaries and benefits. Schools of nursing are also facing the impact of the nation's economic situation and with budget cuts and hiring freezes are not able to provide nurse faculty for their increasing enrollments. According to an AACN Press Release 9-2010, the faculty vacancy rate continues to climb. Garbee & Killacky, 2008 article: A recent study investigating the variables for nurse faculty intent to stay employed in academia concluded that years 1-3 are critical for retention methods and interventions. In fact, nurse faculty that were mentored or had “peer- support” and were doctoral prepared were the most committed to working in academia. It has been stated in numerous research Studies regarding nurse faculty, mentoring enables the novice nurse faculty member to balance work and life effectively and remain satisfied in an academic role. Race and Skees article 2010: Race and Skees noted several challenges with mentoring novice faculty; time management, toxic mentoring, mentor-mentee mismatches and variations in learning needs can poorly influence the mentor/mentee relationship and novice faculty intent to stay in academia. In this article, the authors conclude that an individual approach in necessary and that each mentoring relationship needs to be well planned and individualized to be successful. The lack of nurse faculty is directly affecting that demand for RN, and in return, we will be unable to meet the greying nations healthcare needs because of a lack of nurses. Novice nurse faculty face several new stressors when entering academia. First is the change of role and autonomy that is often a new experience for nurses. Students come with all types of challenges: from the student with personal problems to the behaviour of students within the classroom setting. Learning to manage the challenges of students can become extremely stressful. The entire academic environment can be a cultural shock for some novice faculty. For example learning the “academic pace” when one is used to the pace of a hospital environment can become frustrating and challenging for many. A formal mentoring program is the answer to success. Recruitment of qualified nursing professors and retention of these individuals is a hot topic.
Antibodies of limited heterogenety: L chains of a single mobility☆

Abstract The specifically purified anti-p-azobenzoate antibody from two rabbits (out of nine rabbits that had been injected with a heterogensous antigen (azo-p-benzoate-bovine-γ-globulin conjugate)) was found to be relatively homogensous on the basis of several criteria including homogeneity of the hapten-binding constant, and light chains giving only a single band upon disc electrophoresis, a relatively unique amino acid composition, and a relatively simple tryptic peptide map. Such homogeneity would not be expected on the basis of the concept that antibodies produced to a particular hapten by an individual animal represent a continous heterogeneous population composed of antibodies with binding constants following a probability distribution function. It appears rather, that only a few molecular species of antibody make up the bulk of the antihapten antibody produced in each individual animal. Thus, the observed limited antibody heterogeneity in an individual rabbit appears to depend on the stumulation of only a few of the many cells capable of producing antibody againts a given hapten, rather than on a structural identity of the environment around each individual group on the antigen molecule as postulated by others.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of occult submucous cleft palate.

Abstract Objective: To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with occult submucous cleft palate and to use the MRI information obtained to aid in the treatment decision to perform surgery versus behavioral speech therapy. Design: Prospective study with magnetic resonance (MR) images of subjects suspected of having occult submucous cleft palate. Setting: Hospital and university-based. Patients: Two girls who were 4 years old at the time of palatal surgery. Intervention: Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty. Main outcome measures: MR images and clinical speech evaluations. Results: MR images provided evidence of an interruption of levator veli palatini muscle tissue in the midline and a substantial attachment of levator muscle tissue to the posterior border of the hard palate. In addition, MR images for both subjects demonstrated remarkably similar bilateral encapsulating sheaths that contained nonmuscular tissue, as confirmed subsequently during surgery. The e...
Structural relaxation and metal-insulator transition at the interface between SrTiO3 and LaAlO3

Abstract The electronic structure of interfaces between LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3 is studied using local spin density approximation (LSDA) with intra-atomic Coulomb repulsion (LSDA + U). We find that the nature of the interface metallic states is strongly affected by the type of the structure (sandwich or bilayer) and by the termination surface of LaAlO 3 . In all structures the atomic relaxation plays a crucial role in the electronic properties of the system. While in sandwiches the structural relaxation produces a significant polarization in SrTiO 3 and a splitting of Ti 3 d xy orbitals, in AlO 2 -terminated bilayers the relaxation occurs primarily in LaAlO 3 and results in an insulator-metal transition which has been observed experimentally with increasing thickness of the LaAlO 3 layer.
Highly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Performance Observed in Bimetallic Palladium-Based Nanowires Prepared under Ambient, Surfactantless Conditions

We have employed an ambient, template-based technique that is simple, efficient, and surfactantless to generate a series of bimetallic Pd1–xAux and Pd1–xPtx nanowires with control over composition ...
L ∞ - and l ∞ - stability of interconnected systems

Sufficient conditions for the L∞ - and l∞ - boundedness of nonlinear interconnected systems are established. Systems which may be viewed as an interconnection of single-loop feedback systems are considered. Overall boundedness conditions are phrased iu terms of the margins by which each subsystem satisfies a certain boundedness condition. The existence of similar results for the L∞ - and l∞ - continuity of nonlinear interconnected systems is noted.
Work-first federal policies: Eroding access to community colleges for Latinos and low-income populations

This chapter describes how the implementation of the 1996 welfare reform and the 1998 Workforce Investment Acts affected community colleges' willingness and capacity to provide access to postsecondary education and training for Latinos and other low-income populations
Temperature Dependent Phonon Lifetimes and Decay Pathways in Hexagonal Gallium Nitride

The decay rate of phonons is known to affect gallium nitride (GaN) based device performance. Hence understanding the dynamical behavior of the phonons in GaN is integral to improvement of these promising devices. Using the energy-time uncertainty relation, this work examines the temperature dependency of the phonon lifetimes in GaN. By examining this temperature dependency, both decay mechanisms and energy pathways are deduced through use of previously developed scattering models used in concert with a novel graphical approach which allows mapping of the phonon decomposition.© 2007 ASME
Layers in the Presence of Conservation Laws

We study standing layers in systems where a reaction-diffusion equation couples to a scalar conservation law. Our results give spectral stability and instability results depending only on relative monotonicity of the two components of the system. We also prove the robustness of layers and their stability properties. Our results classify stability properties of layers in most such systems. Our method is based on tracking the point spectrum during a homotopy to a simple, decoupled system. Main difficulty is the possibility of eigenvalues disappearing in a branch point of the essential spectrum. This phenomenon is investigated using a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method on exponentially weighted spaces combined with a matching procedure for the far-field.
Bloc voting in the United States Senate

and legislative measures are partitioned into types so that, as nearly as possible, votes by each bloc for each type of measure are either all YEAs or all NAYs. A probability model is given for the partitions into blocs and types, and for the pattern of YEAs and NAYs given the partitions. The Alternating Randomized Combination algorithm is presented for searching for high probability partition pairs. The probability of each bloc and type in the final optimal partition pair is estimated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The final partition identifies 18 blocs of Senators, and 14 types of legislative measures. The blocs and types are delineated in a table reporting all decisive votes in the 103rd Congress. The blocs are characterized by the types of measures in which they vote against the majority party.
Not everyone agrees with new mammographic screening guidelines designed to end confusion

This report concerns the new mammographic screening guidelines established by the National Medical Roundtable, and focuses on the less than universal endorsement that they have received. Data from a 1987 National Health Interview Survey indicate that 37 per cent of women aged 40 years and older have ever had a mammogram, and only 17 per cent had a mammogram within the past year. Particular controversy over endorsement of the new guidelines centers on the recommendation that women aged 40 to 49 years undergo mammography every 1 or 2 years in addition to annual clinical examinations. Absent from the list of sponsors of the recommendations are the American College of Surgeons, and the American College of Physicians. Both organizations site evidence to support their view. The use of risk factors alone to indicate who should have a mammogram is not adequate. Cost as one of the main deterrents to compliance with mammographic screening guidelines is discussed.
African-American students’ perceptions of public relations education and practice: Implications for minority recruitment

Abstract In-depth interviews were conducted with African-American public relations students to explore their perceptions of public relations and the role race may play in their career success. The motivations for pursuing public relations and perceptions of the field are not different than those of other groups of students found in previous studies. However, the findings provide insights that are helpful in recruiting African-American students, and also in retaining them in the major. Central themes that emerged from the data are that it is important to have African-American role models, and that students’ view race as a fact of life that can be both a barrier and an asset.
Intervalence excitation of the Creutz-Taube ion. Resonance Raman and time-dependent scattering studies of Franck-Condon effects

Franck-Condon effects associated with intervalence excitation of the Creutz-Taube ion (a prototypical delocalized mixed-valency system) have been evaluated via a time-dependent analysis of resonance Raman scattering intensities and the intervalence absorption lineshape. Quantitative studies in the extended near infrared (1320 nm excitation) revealed that at least eight, and possibly nine, vibrational modes are coupled to the intervalence transition. Numerical assessment of vibrational structural changes and reorganizational energy contributions showed that the most important modes, in a Franck-Condon sense, are metal-ligand stretches along the metal-bridge-metal axis (i.e. RuN(pyrazine) and trans-RuNH3). Also active, however, are several pyrazine localized vibrations.
The urgent need for new diagnostics for symptomatic tuberculosis in children.

TB is a major public health problem causing 9 million cases, of which 10%–15% occur in children each year. Historically, children have received lower priority within TB control activities because they are considered less infectious than smear-positive adults. This review argues that TB is a public health problem in children and that poor awareness of the magnitude of the problem emanates from the lack of suitable pediatric diagnostic tests for TB and the characteristics of the disease in young children. New TB diagnostics, approved for use in adults have not been evaluated in children, although there is limited evidence that some of these tests hold promise and should be assessed. There are several approaches that could be used to improve the performance of tests in pediatric patients. These include improved methods for specimen collection and processing. The value of collecting specimens from multiple anatomical sites to shorten the diagnostic process and improve sensitivity was reported recently and the combination of expectorated sputum, nasopharyngeal aspirate, induce sputum and gastric aspirate may result in a similar yield than specimens collected over consecutive days. Methods for sample collection such as fine needle aspiration biopsy should be used more frequently and the Microscopic Observation Drug Sensitivity (MODS) assay has higher sensitivity than LJ culture. There is however very scanty evidence of the performance of other promising tests such as the fully automated NAAT (Xpert) and Line Probe Assays and loop mediated isothermal amplification. Although the future holds promise, increased support from international organizations and funding agencies is needed to promote the evaluation and development of new diagnostics that are suitable for TB in children.
Intergenerational Predictors of Birth Weight in the Philippines: Correlations with Mother’s and Father’s Birth Weight and Test of Maternal Constraint

Background Birth weight (BW) predicts many health outcomes, but the relative contributions of genes and environmental factors to BW remain uncertain. Some studies report stronger mother-offspring than father-offspring BW correlations, with attenuated father-offspring BW correlations when the mother is stunted. These findings have been interpreted as evidence that maternal genetic or environmental factors play an important role in determining birth size, with small maternal size constraining paternal genetic contributions to offspring BW. Here we evaluate mother-offspring and father-offspring birth weight (BW) associations and evaluate whether maternal stunting constrains genetic contributions to offspring birth size.
NMDA-receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity: multiple forms and mechanisms

Long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus is the most extensively studied model of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. Its induction normally involves activation of postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are thought to control the occurrence of long-term potentiation at individual synapses. Recent work in the hippocampus indicates that NMDA receptor activation does not necessarily lead to induction of long-term potentiation but instead may elicit a repertoire of distinct forms of synaptic plasticity including short-term potentiation or long-term depression. Furthermore, mechanisms exist such that the induction of long-term potentiation can be inhibited by modest activation of NMDA receptors. Experimental results are beginning to clarify the mechanistic relationships between these different phenomena, although much remains unknown. Whatever their underlying mechanisms, these additional forms of NMDA-receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity confer increased flexibility to neural circuits involved in information processing and storage.