cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Intensity Intermittent Sound on Compensatory Tracking and Mirror Tracing

Many reported studies have been concerned with the effects of noise on performance (Kryter, 1950; Plutchik, 1959). Although some of the findings have been negative, there have been enough positive observations to warrant further study. In particular, very few studies have been concerned with the effects of high intensity intermittent sound on performance. To study the effect of such stimulation on compensatory tracking and mirror tracing was the purpose of this experiment. Findings of earlier work are somewhat inconsistent. At Tufts College (1942) it was found that the introduction of a 2-min. burst of noise during S's performance of azimuth tracking did not impair performance, nor was any appreciable effect on tracking found from 115-db noise as compared wich 90-db noise, with tasks that were changed at 15-min. intervals (Stevens, et al., 1941). In another study which required the tracing of a circular pattern by using two separate controls, no effect was found as a result of 90-db noise introduced for one-half hour (Viteles & Smith, 1946). In contrast, Broadbent (1954) found decreased efficiency of rapid recognition in a vigilance task (i.e., Ss have to watch for signals arriving at an uncertain time) as an effect of 100-db noise, but only for a more difficult task. High-pitched noise (over 2000 cps) at 100 db produced twice as many errors as high or low pitched 80- or 90-db noise (Broadbent, 1957). To account for these and other observations, Broadbent (1958) has developed an information theory type of analysis of the effect of noise on performance. He assumes that the nervous system acts to some extent as a single communication channel with limited capacity. Blocking that occurs in tasks as a result of noise may be due to interruption in the intake of information from one source, due to intake of information from some other, wich novel stimuli having a higher probability of passing the selective filter mechanism. Noise stress seems to produce an effect somewhat analogous to "blinking," but within the central nervous system. This "blink" effect is of brief duration and increases in frequency as duration of noise lengthens. The effect is greatest for tasks where continuous attention is needed for new information (as in vigilance tasks) and where a high rate of information input occurs. This schema provides a framework that will be helpful in understanding the results of this
The Binding Site of a Specific Aminoglycoside Binding RNA Molecule

A small (40 nucleotides) stem-loop derivative (J6f1) of a specific aminoglycoside-binding RNA aptamer, containing a 3 nt and a 1 nt bulge, has previously been shown to stoichiometrically bind tobramycin with a dissociation constant of approximately 5 nM [Hamasaki, K., Killian, J., Cho, J. and Rando, R. R. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 1367-1371]. This construct can strongly discriminate among similar aminoglycosides with respect to binding. A combination of chemical interference studies, chemical modification studies, and mutational studies are performed to define the aminoglycoside binding site of J6f1. Recognition of the aminoglycoside by J6f1 involves contacts with nucleotide bases, rather than with the phosphate backbone. The binding site 1 comprised of part of the stem-loop region. The two bulges are also essential for high affinity and stoichiometric binding of tobramycin. These bulges are probably important for prying open the double helical region, thereby allowing the aminoglycoside access to the nucleotide bases.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and reactivity of a d-xylose based oxepine

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a D-xylose-based oxepine are reported. The oxepine was prepared from 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-xylose by the three-step sequence (Wittig olefination, vinyl ether formation, and ring closing metathesis) we recently reported. Epoxidation of this cyclic enol ether using dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) gave 1,2-anhydro-beta-D-idoseptanose, which was trapped by a number of nucleophiles to give alpha-idoseptanosides. The stereochemistry of epoxidation was assigned based on product analysis. Spectroscopic data of methyl 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-idoseptanoside, derived from the methanolysis product 11, was compared to data of its enantiomer, the known methyl 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-L-idoseptanoside.
New phenomena in variable-density Rayleigh?Taylor turbulence

This paper presents several issues related to mixing and turbulence structure in buoyancy-driven turbulence at low to moderate Atwood numbers, A, found from direct numerical simulations in two configurations: classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability and an idealized triply periodic Rayleigh–Taylor flow. Simulations at A up to 0.5 are used to examine the turbulence characteristics and contrast them with those obtained close to the Boussinesq approximation. The data sets used represent the largest simulations to date in each configuration. One of the more remarkable issues explored, first reported in (Livescu and Ristorcelli 2008 J. Fluid Mech. 605 145–80), is the marked difference in mixing between different density fluids as opposed to the mixing that occurs between fluids of commensurate densities, corresponding to the Boussinesq approximation. Thus, in the triply periodic configuration and the non-Boussinesq case, an initially symmetric density probability density function becomes skewed, showing that the mixing is asymmetric, with pure heavy fluid mixing more slowly than pure light fluid. A mechanism producing the mixing asymmetry is proposed and the consequences for the classical Rayleigh–Taylor configuration are discussed. In addition, it is shown that anomalous small-scale anisotropy found in the homogeneous configuration (Livescu and Ristorcelli 2008 J. Fluid Mech. 605 145–80) and Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence at A=0.5 (Livescu et al 2008 J. Turbul. 10 1–32) also occurs near the Boussinesq limit. Results pertaining to the moment closure modelling of Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence are also presented. Although the Rayleigh–Taylor mixing layer width reaches self-similar growth relatively fast, the lower-order terms in the self-similar expressions for turbulence moments have long-lasting effects and derived quantities, such as the turbulent Reynolds number, are slow to follow the self-similar predictions. Since eddy diffusivity in the popular gradient transport hypothesis is proportional to the turbulent Reynolds number, the dissipation rate and turbulent transport have different length scales long after the onset of the self-similar growth for the layer growth. To highlight the importance of turbulent transport, variable density energy budgets for the kinetic energy, mass flux and density-specific volume covariance equations, necessary for a moment closure of the flow, are provided.
Impairment of shuttle box avoidance learning following prolonged alcohol consumption in rats.

Abstract Prolonged consumption of alcohol (6 months in Experiment 1; 9 months in Experiment 2) concomitant with adequate nutrition was found to impair the acquisition of shuttle box avoidance in rats. Alcohol was administered in the form of a liquid diet as the only source of fluid and calories. Ethanol constituted 35 per cent of the total caloric value of the liquid diet. One control group received the identical liquid diet with isocaloric substitution of sucrose for ethanol, and another control group received lab Chow and water. Two weeks after alcohol was omitted from the diet, the alcohol-consuming rats were severely impaired in learning the avoidance task as compared to the sucrose-consuming and lab Chow control groups. The latter two control groups did not differ from one another.
Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted NMR imaging study of middle cerebral artery thrombotic focal ischemia and rt-PA intervention in rat

Summary Objective : Investigation of the biophysical changes of a new rat model of cerebral artery thrombotic stroke in rat with or without thrombolytic treatment using diffusion- (DWI) and perfusion- (PWI) weighted MR imaging. Setting : Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI, USA. Materials and Methods : A thrombus was induced at the origin of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by injection of thrombin via an intraluminal catheter placed in the intracranial segment of internal carotid artery. Rats were treated with a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) ( n = 8) or were untreated ( n = 10). DWI and PWI were performed before, during and after induction of thrombosis from 1 h to 7 days. Results : After onset of thrombosis in both rt-PA treated and control animals, the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC w ) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) values in the ischemic region significantly declined from the preischemic control ADC w and CBF values ( P P Conclusion : These data support the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to a model of cerebral thrombosis, and demonstrate that DWI and PWI provide real time and dynamic data on the evolution of a thrombotic cerebral lesion with and without thrombolysis.
Toward a grid-based DBMS

The relational database management system (DBMS) community has been progressing toward using specialized grids. EMC/Acxiom's data grid architecture and MySQL Cluster's grid architecture couple the main memories of PCs with redundancy to implement persistence. In a data grid architecture at its base level is a grid abstract machine, which consists of a collection of typed nodes. The grid abstract machine provides redundant storage in case a node fails. It might also provide interfaces that group nodes into enclaves. This grouping could be based on attributes such as assignment, node type, size, capabilities, physical location, and who owns it. This departs from traditional database implementations, which were tuned to small numbers of processors and in which most algorithms for relational operators and most indices were tuned to disk-block transfers
Graphene Double-Layer Capacitor with ac Line-Filtering Performance

Electric double-layer capacitors (DLCs) can have high storage capacity, but their porous electrodes cause them to perform like resistors in filter circuits that remove ripple from rectified direct current. We have demonstrated efficient filtering of 120-hertz current with DLCs with electrodes made from vertically oriented graphene nanosheets grown directly on metal current collectors. This design minimized electronic and ionic resistances and produced capacitors with RC time constants of less than 200 microseconds, in contrast with ~1 second for typical DLCs. Graphene nanosheets have a preponderance of exposed edge planes that greatly increases charge storage as compared with that of designs that rely on basal plane surfaces. Capacitors constructed with these electrodes could be smaller than the low-voltage aluminum electrolyte capacitors that are typically used in electronic devices.
14S,21R-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic Acid Treatment Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Amelioration of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential to improve treatment of renal failure. The prohealing functions of MSCs have been found to be enhanced by treatment with the lipid mediator, 14S,21R-dihydroxy-docosa4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid (14S,21R-diHDHA). In this article, using a murine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, we found that treatment with 14S,21R-diHDHA enhanced MSC amelioration of renal I/R injury. Treated MSCs more efficiently inhibited I/R-induced elevation of serum creatinine levels, reduced renal tubular cell death, and inhibited infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in kidneys. Conditioned medium from treated MSCs reduced the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α and reactive oxygen species by macrophages under I/R conditions. Infusion of treated MSCs more efficiently reduced I/R-damage to renal histological structures compared with untreated MSCs (injury score: 7.9±0.4 vs. 10.5±0.5). Treated MSCs were resistant to apoptosis in vivo when transplanted under capsules of I/R-injured kidneys (active caspase-3+ MSCs: 4.2%±2.8% vs. 11.7%±2.4% of control) and in vitro when cultured under I/R conditions. Treatment with 14S,21R-diHDHA promoted viability of MSCs through a mechanism involving activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase -Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, treatment of MSCs with 14S,21R-diHDHA promoted secretion of renotrophic hepatocyte growth factor and insulin growth factor-1. Similar results were obtained when 14S,21RdiHDHA was used to inhibit apoptosis of human MSCs (hMSCs) and to increase the generation of renotrophic cytokines from hMSCs. These findings provide a lead for new strategies in the treatment of acute kidney injury with MSCs.
The political economy of growth–inflation transmission: the case of Iran

After detrending Iran's growth rates into stochastic and deterministic components and by decomposing nominal shocks into inflation and real output growth, 80% of the demand side shocks are found to be absorbed by price increases. This finding would cast doubt on the compatibility between inflation and growth targets outlined in the third five-year economic plan of the country. The simulation results here suggest that if the plan were constrained to a 6% real growth target, Iran's chronic double-digit inflation rate would further accelerate. Hence, expansionary policies aiming at achieving the plan's targets would move the economy along a near-vertical line Phillips curve.
The Effects of Cylinder Wall Surface Roughness and Bore Distortion on Blow-by in Automotive Engines

A laboratory test device, was developed to study the effects of cylinder wall, surface roughness and bore, distortion on blow-by in automotive engines. The test device was constructed of components from a four-cylinder engine with a test box welded into the engine block to take the place of one of the cylinders. Removable liners used in the lest box were honed to varying surface roughnesses and bore distortion levels, Blow-by, used as a measure of conformance between the piston rings and cylinder walls, was found to increase at the end of the test with increasing initial distortion and initial surface roughness. Presented at the 48th Annual Meeting in Calgary, Alberta, Canada May 17–20, 1993
The influence of contrasting ground cover vegetation on soil properties in the NJ pine barrens

Abstract Upland forests of the New Jersey pine barrens are characterized by a pine and oak forest canopy. The herbaceous layer consists primarily of ericaceous shrub species. Scattered throughout the region grass-sedge and lichen–moss dominated patches under a pine canopy can also be found. It is generally believed these patches come about after severe disturbance. These patches can persist even in the absence of further disturbance. In this study, examples of three herb layer community types: ericaceous (predominantly Gaylussacia baccata Wang.), graminoid (almost exclusively Carex pensylvanica Lam.) and lichen–moss dominated communities (Cladonia spp. and Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.), in close proximity to one another, from three different forest locations were examined. We determined whether graminoid and lichen dominated communities differ significantly in edaphic factors from the surrounding forest herbaceous layer vegetation matrix (ericaceous dominated community). In order to characterize the sites canopy and herbaceous layer vegetation and surface cover were assed. Soil particle size, soil carbon, respiration, microbial biomass and extractable nitrogen were also determined. Our analysis found only minor differences in forest canopy vegetation and no difference in soil particle size among forests or among communities. The results further suggest that differences in soil chemical parameters are the result of differences in the vegetation rooting architecture and decomposability. The lichen–moss dominated communities are distinguished by more bare ground, low bulk density, low nitrogen availability and a preponderance of microbial biomass in the upper 5 cm of the soil profile. The high soil bulk density in lichen communities is presumably a function of its smaller root biomass content, greater percent bare ground cover and lower litter inputs. The ericaceous dominated communities are distinguished by greater presence of tree seedlings, low bulk density, lower nitrogen availability a large above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB). Despite a significantly greater overall AGB the ericaceous community leaf mass is no larger than the graminoid community leaf mass or lichen–moss dominated community AGB. The graminoid dominated communities were distinguished by higher levels of extractable ammonium, soil organic matter (SOM) as represented by loss on ignition (LOI). Although the communities did not vary significantly in soil particle size the Pearson correlation analysis indicates that the significantly greater levels of soil carbon, ammonium and nitrate characteristic of the graminoid community are positively correlated with % silt–clay and negatively correlated with sand. Our results suggest that the subtle physical and chemical property differences between each of the communities may be due to a biogenic origin. This may explain, at least in part, the persistence of differing herb layer community type dominance.
Abnormal neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental findings in a cohort of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors.

Abstract Purpose Prior studies have shown that survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair may have long-term cardiac, pulmonary, and nutritional issues, as well as neurodevelopmental sequelae within the first 3 years of life. In this study, we examined the relationship between neuroimaging abnormalities and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of antenatally diagnosed CDH survivors. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were performed for CDH survivors born from January 2000 to December 2007 who were evaluated antenatally in the Advanced Fetal Care Center at Children's Hospital Boston (Mass). Prenatal and postnatal neuroimaging findings, clinical data, and neurodevelopmental findings were collected for a cohort of 45 patients who were evaluated by a developmental pediatrician at ages 1 and/or 3. Results Prenatal neuroimaging studies detected brain anomalies in this cohort with a false-negative rate of 7%. Of the 45 study participants, 87% had left-sided CDH, 22% had cardiac anomalies, and 18% had congenital malformations or genetic syndromes. Nearly all required ventilator management (98%) with a median ventilator time of 17 days (range, 3-56 days). Moreover, 24% required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While 84% of patients had medical issues at discharge, 68% and 77% had medical issues at ages 1 and 3, respectively. Pulmonary problems were noted in 32% and 47% of the ages 1 and 3 cohorts, respectively. Motor problems were detected in 46% and 71% of the ages 1 and 3 cohorts, respectively. More patients with motor problems at age 1 had abnormal rather than normal postnatal neuroimaging studies ( P = .01). Children with motor problems at age 1 were more apt to have an abnormal postnatal neuroimaging finding (odds ratio [OR], 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-26.8; P = .01), pulmonary problems at age 1 (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 0.99-16.6; P = .04), and a history of ventilatory management with a linear ventilator time (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = .03). Conclusions Prenatal neuroimaging can accurately image the brain of fetuses with CDH. Abnormal postnatal neuroimaging findings, the presence of pulmonary problems at age 1, and the length of ventilator time were predictors of motor problems at age 1. Ongoing follow-up of CDH survivors should include neurodevelopmental evaluations.
Relationship between Ionized Calcium and Curd Tension in Reconstituted Nonfat Dry Milk

Abstract Fifty nonfat dry milk samples from throughout the midwest were collected. They consisted of 34 low- and 16 highheat nonfat dry milk samples. The samples were reconstituted with 15g of sample to 150ml of deionized water, and were analyzed for ionized calcium and curd tension. The calcium was analyzed with an Orion calcium ion activity electrode. Ionized calcium had to be 1.5MM or higher to produce a curd tension of at least 18g. High-heat samples had as low as .8mM of Ca ++ and an average curd tension of 4 to 5g. Three samples of low-heat powder had .95 to 1.3mM of Ca ++ and curd tensions of only I to 4g. When ionized calcium in these samples was adjusted to 2.0mM Ca ++ by adding CaCl 2 , their curd tensions did not increase.
Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes: a cost analysis

Objective The purpose of this investigation was to examine the economic impact of performing elective repeat cesarean during 37 or 38 weeks of gestation relative to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendation of a 39-week delivery. Study Design Decision analysis modeling was used to estimate economic outcomes for a hypothetical cohort of neonates using data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network study of “Timing of Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery at Term and Neonatal Outcomes.” Costs and charges were estimated using the Florida Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Results A total of 82,541 deliveries occurring between 37-39 completed weeks of gestation were analyzed for the incidence of adverse outcomes and their hospital costs and charges. The model demonstrated increased costs through increasing adverse outcomes among elective repeat cesarean deliveries performed Conclusion Our findings suggest that there are benefits to waiting until 39 weeks of gestation to perform an elective repeat cesarean delivery.
INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION, ORDINAL DATA, AND BOND‐RATING DECISION MODELS

This paper studies the use of multiple discriminant analysis on industry-classified, ranktransformed data to predict corporate bond ratings used in bond-rating decision models. In addition to statistical advantages, agency descriptions of the rating process suggest such procedures are appropriate. The results of this study support that conclusion.
Catastrophic events: Reaction of preschool age children and their families

This paper explored the reaction of preschool age children to the catastrophic events that they witness or are in some way directly involved or responsible for and the family dynamic. Because of the preschool age child's immature ego and cognition, the child experiences a catastrophic event as being intimately connected with his inner self, feelings, fantasies and copes with the trauma according to his parents' style of facilitation to the trauma themselves.
Watchman routes under limited visibility

We consider the motion planning problem for a point constrained to move along a smooth closed convex path of bounded curvature. The workspace of the moving point is bounded by a convex polygon with m vertices, containing an obstacle in a form of a simple polygon with n vertices. We present an O(m+n) time algorithm finding the path, going around the obstacle, whose curvature is the smallest possible.
Volatile organic acids generated from kerogen during laboratory heating.

Low molecular weight organic acids were studied in the course of pyrolysis experiments (200-400°C, 2-1, 000h) of kerogen (Green River Formation and Monterey Formation) with and without the presence of water and minerals (montmorillonite, illite and calcite). C1-C10 aliphatic acids and benzoic acid were identified in the pyrolysis products of kerogen. Their distribution. is characterized by a dominance of acetic acid followed by formic and propionic acids with an even/odd preference in the range of C4-C10. Total concentrations of these acids amounted to 0.3% of initial kerogen, indicating that kerogen has a good potential for producing organic acids. Geochemical implications of these organic acids are; (1) they are possible intermediates from kerogen to natural gas (CO2, H2, CH4, C2H6, etc.) by decarboxylation, and (2) they may be important and potential contributors to the generation of secondary porosity by dissolving minerals.
Quantitation of the sulfated disaccharides of heparin by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Heparin was converted by treatment with nitrous acid primarily into sulfated disaccharides. The mixture of disaccharides was reduced with sodium boro[3H]hydride and the disaccharides were purified by preparative paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography. Four disaccharides were obtained. On the basis of their paper electrophoretic mobilities and the products formed at intermediate stages of their acid hydrolysis, the disaccharides were identified as 4-O-(2-O-sulfo-α- l -idopyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-2,5-anhydro- d -mannitol, 4-O-(2-O-sulfo-α- l -idopyranosyluronic acid)-2,5-anhydro- d -mannitol, 4-O-(α- l -idopyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-2,5-anhydro- d -mannitol, and 4-O-(β- d -glucopyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-2,5-anhydro- d -mannitol. The purified disaccharides were used as standards in the development of a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for their separation and quantitation on a Partisil-10 SAX anion-exchange column. The three monosulfated disaccharides were resolved by isocratic elution with 40 m m KH2PO4. The KH2PO4 concentration was tehn increased to 400 m m to elute the disulfated disaccharide. Column effluents were collected in 1 2 - ml fractions, and the recovery of each 3H-labeled product was determined by scintillation counting. When sodium boro-[3H]hydride with a specific activity of 315 mCi/mmol was used in the reduction of the heparin deamination products, the disaccharides gave 28,500 cpm/nmol in the effluent peaks. Quantitative recoveries of the 3H-disaccharides were obtained. It was demonstrated that the method developed using the purified disaccharides gave reproducible and quantitative results in direct assays of aliquots of boro[3H]hydride-reduced heparin deamination mixtures.
Oxygen evolution from water. Potential metal ligands in photosynthetic water oxidation identified by site-directed mutagenesis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

In order to identify amino acids that could serve as ligands to the manganese cluster, which comprises the active site of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), and the calcium ion that affects the stability of the OEC, we have generated a series of site-directed mutants in the D1 polypeptide of the PS II reaction center. Our approach has been to emphasize characterization of mutants with reduced PS II activity rather than those that lack PS II activity altogether in order to address questions about the effects of the mutations on the functional properties of the Mn ensemble. A number of mutants have been isolated with impaired PS II activity and a characterization of in vivo photosynthesis from mutant and WT strains is presented. All of the mutants described in this report produce nearly WT levels of PS II in the thylakoid membrane. Non-conservative mutation at Asp-103 (DN103D1), Glu-104 (EQ104D1) or Glu-333 (EQ333D1) results in moderate (∼ 50%) inhibition of oxygen evolution, whereas mutation at Glu-65 (EQ65D1) or His-337 (HF337D1) results in cells that retain only 10 to 20% of WT activity. In vivo fluorescence induction kinetics are consistent with a lesion on the donor side of PS II in each of the mutants tested. We conclude that Glu-65 and His-337 are directly involved in binding manganese or calcium, and that Asp-103 and Glu-104 may be involved in calcium binding but are not manganese ligands.
Further evidence for a prolactin-stimulating neurohormone in reptiles.

Abstract Neutralized acid extract of median eminence from male rats, female turtles ( Pseudemys scripta elegans ), and snakes ( Natrix taxispilota ) of undetermined sex stimulated the release of prolactin by turtle anterior pituitary explants in organ culture or in short-term incubation. Rat, turtle, or snake cortical extract did not affect prolactin secretion in vitro . The prolactin-releasing activity of both turtle and snake median eminence extract was detectable during the first 4 hr of a 12-hr incubation and showed consistent stimulation throughout the entire incubation period. Both of the reptilian median eminence extracts also enhanced synthesis of prolactin by the turtle anterior pituitary gland in vitro . The results support the hypothesis that the reptilian median eminence contains a factor which stimulates the secretion and synthesis of prolactin and that the prolactin-stimulating factor may be indigenous to the hypothalami of a wider range of reptilian species.
Load distribution on deformed wings in supersonic flow

Arbitrary deformations which include the special cases of wing camber and twist provide unique problems to the analyst when localized loadings are to be determined. Other than twist and camber, deformations in the lifting surfaces may occur from high loadings due to severe maneuverability requirements or from aerodynamic heating or combinations thereof. Existing supersonic potential flow theories appear to be inadequate in predicting pressures under these conditions and numerical finite-difference methods have excessive computer requirements if the whole three-dimensional wing is modeled. In the present work a new method is presented which retains the simplicity of three-dimensi onal potential flow theories yet incorporates desirable features of finite-element techniques. The method utilizes planar three-dimensional finite wing theory overlaid with vorticity paneling to account for perturbations due to the deformations. The solution is stable (nonoscillatory) and requires minimal computer time and storage. Results for three deformed mean lines for two separate planform geometries are presented with excellent agreement with experimental data.
Spatiotemporal complexity of ventricular fibrillation revealed by tissue mass reduction in isolated swine right ventricle. Further evidence for the quasiperiodic route to chaos hypothesis.

We have presented evidence that ventricular fibrillation is deterministic chaos arising from quasiperiodicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the transition from chaos (ventricular fibrillation, VF) to periodicity (ventricular tachycardia) through quasiperiodicity could be produced by the progressive reduction of tissue mass. In isolated and perfused swine right ventricular free wall, recording of single cell transmembrane potentials and simultaneous mapping (477 bipolar electrodes, 1.6 mm resolution) were performed. The tissue mass was then progressively reduced by sequential cutting. All isolated tissues fibrillated spontaneously. The critical mass to sustain VF was 19.9 +/- 4.2 g. As tissue mass was decreased, the number of wave fronts decreased, the life-span of reentrant wave fronts increased, and the cycle length, the diastolic interval, and the duration of action potential lengthened. There was a parallel decrease in the dynamical complexity of VF as measured by Kolmogorov entropy and Poincare plots. A period of quasiperiodicity became more evident before the conversion from VF (chaos) to a more regular arrhythmia (periodicity). In conclusion, a decrease in the number of wave fronts in ventricular fibrillation by tissue mass reduction causes a transition from chaotic to periodic dynamics via the quasiperiodic route.
The k /ϕ alternation in Turkish: Some experimental evidence for its productivity

This article presents evidence that a relatively minor regularity in the morphophonemics of Turkish is psychologically real for speakers of that language. The experimental procedure used was to present subjects with nonsense words ending in [k] which they then had to use in a phonological environment that could be expected to condition a deletion of the final consonant in polysyllabic forms. Subjects performed according to expectation, retaining the final [k] in monosyllables and dropping it in polysyllables.
An Enigmatic New Lambeosaurine Hadrosaur (Reptilia: Dinosauria) from the Upper Shale Member of the Campanian Aguja Formation of Trans-Pecos Texas

(2009). An enigmatic new lambeosaurine hadrosaur (Reptilia: Dinosauria) from the Upper Shale member of the Campanian Aguja Formation of Trans-Pecos Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 605-611.
A simple method for testing measuring machines and machine tools. Part 2: Construction details

Abstract Part 1 of this article, which appeared in the previous issue of this journal, detailed the principles and applications of magnetic ball bars. These can give rapid, precise indications of the two or three dimensional accuracy of a machine. Here, construction details are presented
A structural time series analysis of US broiler exports

Abstract A structural time series model is used to determine the dynamic characteristics, forecasting properties, and policy implications of factors affecting the US broiler export market. The emphasis is on international market responsiveness. The analysis indicates that in addition to the explanatory variables a trend component has been vital in the expansion of the broiler industry during the study period. The results indicate that export markets are more price responsive than the domestic markets, that interventions in the Canadian and Mexican markets reduce their imports, and exchange rate changes have significant impacts on US exports.
Calorimetric Studies of Bovine Rod Outer Segment Disk Membranes Support a Monomeric Unit for Both Rhodopsin and Opsin

The photoreceptor rhodopsin is a G-protein coupled receptor that has recently been proposed to exist as a dimer or higher order oligomer, in contrast to the previously described monomer, in retinal rod outer segment disk membranes. Rhodopsin exhibits considerably greater thermal stability than opsin (the bleached form of the receptor), which is reflected in an ∼15°C difference in the thermal denaturation temperatures (Tm) of rhodopsin and opsin as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Here we use differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the effect of partial bleaching of disk membranes on the Tm of rhodopsin and of opsin in native disk membranes, as well as in cross-linked disk membranes in which rhodopsin dimers are known to be present. The Tms of rhodopsin and opsin are expected to be perturbed if mixed oligomers are present. The Tm remained constant for rhodopsin and opsin in native disks regardless of the level of bleaching. In contrast, the Tm of cross-linked rhodopsin in disk membranes was dependent on the extent of bleaching. The energy of activation for denaturation of rhodopsin and cross-linked rhodopsin was calculated. Cross-linking rhodopsin significantly decreased the energy of activation. We conclude that in native disk membranes, rhodopsin behaves predominantly as a monomer.
Noise Prediction for Maneuvering Rotorcraft

This paper presents the initial work toward first-principles noise prediction for maneuvering rotors. Both the aeromechanical and acoustics aspects of the maneuver noise problem are discussed. The comprehensive analysis code, CAMRAD 2. was utilized to predict the time-dependent aircraft position and attitude, along - with the rotor blade airloads and motion. The major focus of this effort was the enhancement of the acoustic code WOPWOP necessary to compute the noise from a maneuvering rotorcraft. Full aircraft motion, including arbitrary transient motion, is modeled together with arbitrary rotor blade motions. Noise from a rotorcraft in turning and descending flight is compared to level flight. A substantial increase in the rotor noise is found both for turning flight and during a transient maneuver. Additional enhancements to take advantage of parallel computers and clusters of workstations, in addition to a new compact-chordwise loading formulation, are also described.
Determination of Phosphine in Air

Abstract The method consists in collecting air in a fritted-glass bubbler containing silver diethyldithiocarbamate reagent. The generation of phosphine, the preparation of dilute phosphine in air mixtures, and the calibration of the silver diethyldithiocarbamate reagent with a primary phosphate standard are described. At a sampling rate of 0.5 liter/min in the range of 0.6 to 4.1 ppm phosphine, the average collection efficiency is 86%. Sensitivity of 0.05 ppm can be achieved.
Measurements of layer thicknesses and refractive indices in high‐energy ion‐implanted GaAs and GaP

Near normal incidence reflection and transmission measurements of GaAs and GaP samples implanted with large doses of ∼3‐MeV ions of 31P+ or 14N+ showed frequency‐dependent maxima and minima in the frequency range 800≲ν≲7500 cm−1. Assuming a layer model for the implanted material and considering reflections from layers surfaces, the interference fringes are analyzed to obtain the refractive index and thickness of both the cover and buried layers and substrate. With the same layer model the changes in the GaAs reststrahlen are shown to be quantitatively compatible with the results of the fringe measurements. Annealing GaAs at temperatures ≲400 °C reduced the implantation‐induced changes in the refractive index but the layer thicknesses remained constant. There was no evidence for regrowth by motion of the implant‐substrate interface as has been reported for silicon crystals. The analysis of the reststrahlen data for GaP is less satisfactory since the data could not be closely fitted with any choice of parameters.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF A REACTIVE-DIFFUSIVE MODEL OF THE DISPERSAL OF A CHEMICAL TRACER WITH NONLINEAR CONVECTION

We formulate and analyze a nonlinear reaction-convection-diffusion system that models the dispersal of solutes, or chemical tracers, through a one-dimensional porous medium. A similar set of model equations also arises in a weakly nonlinear limit of the combustion equations. In particular, we address two fundamental questions with respect to the model system: first, the existence of wavefront type traveling wave solutions, and second, the local existence and uniqueness of solutions to the pure initial value problem. The solution to the wavefront problem is obtained by showing the existence of a heteroclinic orbit in a two-dimensional phase space. The existence argument for the initial value problem is based on the contraction mapping theorem and Sobolev embedding. In the final section we prove non-negativity of the solution.
Unusual stability of the coordinated triethylborohydride anion in an alkaline-earth metal complex: crystallographic characterization of [Ca(HBEt3){1,2,4-C5(SiMe3)3H2}(thf)2]

The triethylborohydride anion [HBEt3]− transfers intact from Na[HBEt3] to a calcium center to form the monomeric organocalcium complex [Ca(HBEt3){1,2,4-C5(SiMe3)3 H2}(thf)2], which is stable in solution and the solid state; the [HBEt3]− anion is coordinated in a multidentate fashion to the metal, which likely contributes to the failure of attempts to abstract the triethylborane moiety from the compound.
Hardening stages in niobium irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons and 16 MeV protons

Two distinct hardening stages were observed in niobium irradiated at 25/sup 0/C to 10/sup 18/cm/sup -2/ with Be(d,n) neutrons and 16 MeV protons. The low fluence stage persisted to a fluence of 5 x 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/ and was attributed to impurity atom-point defect complexes. The higher fluence stage had a square root fluence dependence which attributed to point defect clusters with a barrier strength, ..beta.., of 4-7 for both 14 MeV neutron and 16 MeV proton irradiated niobium. Protons induced 1.6 times more hardening than Be(d,n) neutrons in the low fluence hardening stage.
Intelligent design and biological complexity

Before any intelligence can appear, a world endowed with the potential for being experienced as a body of phenomena has to be existent. Indeed, if there is to be an intelligence, there first has to be something intelligible. Hence, when an intelligence is present, "creation" must already have taken place. Nevertheless, biological complexity has been deemed by some to be one of the privileged points of insertion of a supernatural intelligence endowed with temporal and causal primacy. In the course of a critical review, it is pointed out that the spectacle of nature's spontaneous tinkering with the structures and performances of informational macromolecules and with interactive connections among these molecules suggests that intelligence and design are absent from evolution. Nor is intelligent design required for explaining biological complexity, which can increase spontaneously as a byproduct of combinatorial intermolecular gambles and of the restoration of molecular damage wrought by mutations. One of the possible molecular pathways to spontaneous evolutionary increases in complexity is described.
SOME PROPERTIES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS EXTRACTED WITH PHENOL.

SUMMARY Preparations of nucleic acids obtained by extraction of mouse liver, HeLa cells and cell fractions with phenol and deoxycholate have been characterized with regard to the differential solubility of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid in ethanol, density-gradient centrifugation and the presence of high-molecular-weight contaminants. Ribonucleic acid obtained by this method is less soluble than deoxyribonucleic acid. It was precipitable with 20 % ethanol, nearly free of deoxyribonucleic acid, but containing 4-5 times its weight of polysaccharide which is not removed by repeated fractional precipitation nor entirely by ~-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) digestion, but is removed by density-gradient centrifugation. Deoxyribonucleic acid could be subsequently precipitated with 50 % ethanol free of ribonucleic acid but contaminated with polysaccharide. The buoyant density of the latter is identical with deoxyribonucleic acid and they are not separated by density-gradient centrifugation. The contaminating polysaccharide appears to be a single entity, the fl-subunit of glycogen granules. Its isolation and some of its properties are described. Its effect upon the properties of the nucleic acids is discussed.
Purification and characterization of epidermal growth factor (β-urogastrone) and epidermal growth factor fragments from large volumes of human urine

Abstract We purified human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and hEGF fragments from a benzoic acid precipitate of the materials not adsorbed to silica gel in 330 liters of human urine by a relatively brief, simple, and efficient method employing sequential batch absorption to and stepwise elution from CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose, Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography in 50 m m HCl, and three reverse-phase HPLC steps for final resolution and purification of hEGF components. Recovery of hEGF was 29%. Eight apparently homogeneous hEGF components were recovered, each of which had similar activities in a homologous hEGF radioimmunoassay and an EGF radioreceptor assay using human placental membranes. Amino acid composition analysis indicated that there were four pairs of components that represented intact 53-amino acid hEGF, hEGF-(1–52), hEGF-(1–51), and hEGF-(1–50); intact hEGF accounted for one-third of the total materials recovered. Automated Edman degradation of each component for at least 10 cycles revealed a single amino acid sequence identical to that proposed for human β-urogastrone. Similar immunoreactive hEGF components were observed in similar proportions in freshly voided urine, indicating that they were not artifacts of the purification process. Thus, multiple forms of fully biologically active hEGF (i.e., β-urogastrone) can be relatively easily and efficiently purified from large volumes of human urine.
Electronic structure of PrO: An analysis summary

Abstract The (0,0) bands of nine prominent electronic transitions, Systems X, XI, and XVI through XXII, in the wavelength region 500–800 nm were studied. High-precision (±0.005 cm −1 ), Doppler-limited, selectively detected cw-dye laser fluorescence excitation spectra for Systems XVI through XXII were recorded and analyzed. Definitive Ω assignments for the upper and lower states of these transitions were established from identified first lines in the P and R branches. Resolved fluorescence studies revealed 22 additional electronic transitions in the same wavelength region, many of which provide energy linkages between the upper or lower states of previously observed transitions. The comprehensive energy level diagram assembled from 31 electronic transition linkages comprises a total of 22 upper and lower electronic levels. Ω assignments and relative energies for the electronic states of the transitions studied (including Systems XIV and IX identified in fluorescence and the proposed assignment for System VI) are System Ω′ T′ 0 ( cm −1 ) Ω″ T″ 0 ( cm −1 ) VI 5.5 11102 4.5 2157 IX 4.5 16597 3.5 3887 X 5.5 13259 4.5 220 XI 5.5 13865 4.5 220 XIV 5.5 16595 4.5 2157 XVI 5.5 19169 4.5 3720 XVII 4.5 16597 3.5 0 XVIII 7.5 21321 6.5 3965 XIX 6.5 19687 5.5 2111 XX 5.5 18069 4.5 220 XXI 4.5 18885 4.5 220 XXII 5.5 19169 4.5 220 The relative energies are with respect to the lower state of System XVII, assigned here as the ground electronic state.
Multi-triphenylamine-substituted porphyrin-fullerene conjugates as charge stabilizing "antenna-reaction center" mimics.

A new concept of charge stabilization via delocalization of the π-cation radical species over the donor macrocycle substituents in a relatively simple donor−acceptor bearing multimodular conjugates is reported. The newly synthesized multimodular systems were composed of three covalently linked triphenylamine entities at the meso position of the porphyrin ring and one fulleropyrrolidine at the fourth meso position. The triphenylamine entities were expected to act as energy transferring antenna units and to enhance the electron donating ability of both free-base and zinc(II) porphyrin derivatives of these pentads. Appreciable electronic interactions between the meso-substituted triphenylamine entities and the porphyrin π-system were observed, and as a consequence, these moieties acted together as an electron-donor while the fullerene moiety acted as an electron-acceptor in the multimodular conjugates. In agreement with the spectral and electrochemical results, the computational studies performed by the DFT ...
A Collisional Approach to the Calculation of Time Correlation Functions. Transport Coefficients of Gases

A method of successive approximations is proposed for the evaluation of the time-correlation functions such as those that give the thermal transport coefficients of gases. The method is based on a calculation of the changes in correlations of appropriate functions of the molecular velocity which are a result of collisions in the gas. The decaying rates of the correlations are expressed as integrals of the differential collision cross section. When the first approximation is introduced in the expressions for thermal transport coefficients, results are obtained for the coefficient of binary diffusion and the viscosity and thermal conductivity of single-component systems which are identical with those of the first Chapman-Enskog solutions of the Boltzmann and Enskog equations. For the coefficients of viscosity and thermal conductivity in multicomponent systems, it is shown that the first approximation leads to expressions of the form of the Sutherland and Wassiljewa relations, respectively.