cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preintervention arterial remodeling affects clinical outcome following stenting: an intravascular ultrasound study

OBJECTIVES The study was done to elucidate the relationship between baseline arterial remodeling and clinical outcome following stenting. BACKGROUND The impact of preintervention arterial remodeling on subsequent vessel response and clinical outcome has been reported following nonstent coronary interventions. However, in stented segments, the impact of preintervention remodeling on clinical outcome has not been clarified. METHODS Preintervention remodeling was assessed in 108 native coronary lesions by using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Positive remodeling (PR) was defined as vessel area (VA) at the target lesion greater than that of average reference segments. Intermediate or negative remodeling (IR/NR) was defined as VA at the target lesion less than or equal to that of average reference segment. Remodeling index expressed as a continuous variable was defined as VA at the target lesion site divided by that of average reference segments. RESULTS Positive remodeling was present in 59 (55%) and IR/NR in 49 (45%) lesions. Although final minimal stent areas were similar (7.76 ± 1.80 vs. 8.09 ± 1.90 mm2, p = 0.36), target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate at nine-month follow-up was significantly higher in the PR group (22.0% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.01). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher remodeling index was the only independent predictor of TVR (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Lesions with PR before intervention appear to have a worse clinical outcome following IVUS-guided stenting. Intravascular ultrasound imaging before stenting may be helpful to stratify lesions at high risk for accelerated intimal proliferation.
Antisite arsenic incorporation in the low temperature MBE of gallium arsenide: physics and modeling

A stochastic model for simulating the surface growth processes in the low temperature molecular beam epitaxy of gallium arsenide is developed to investigate the incorporation of antisite As and its dependence on the growth conditions including the dynamics of the physisorbed As on the surface. Three different kinetic models with a combination of surface kinetic processes such as incorporation of antisite As, evaporation of antisite As and incorporation of regular As. The kinetic model with all three surface processes was accepted as the best model due to its physical soundness and reasonableness of its model parameters. The arsenic flux, temperature, and growth rate dependences of antisite arsenic (AsGa) obtained from our simulation are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The activation energy of 1.16 eV and a frequency factor of 4×1012/s for the evaporation of antisite arsenic obtained from our model are in good agreement with experimental and theoretical estimates. At a constant substrate temperature and growth rate, the antisite arsenic concentration increases with arsenic flux for low fluxes and saturates beyond a critical flux. The critical arsenic flux increases with temperature and the saturation value of the AsGa concentration decreases with temperature. As the arsenic flux increases, the coverage of the physisorbed layer increases and at a critical flux dictated by the fixed temperature and growth rate, the coverage saturates at its maximum value of unity (a complete monolayer) and hence the concentration of AsGa saturates. Lower AsGa concentration results at higher temperature due to more evaporation of AsGa. Additionally, an analytical model is developed to predict the AsGa concentration for various growth conditions.
Crystallographic structure and defects in epitaxial bismuth films grown on mica

Abstract Atomic force microscopy is used to image the surface relief of epitaxial Bi films grown on mica substrates. Monatomic terrace steps are readily resolved, which provide detailed information on crystal growth and defect structures. The films grow from the coalescence of isolated three-dimensional islands, however, each island grows layer-by-layer. The islands are triangular in shape and when they coalesce to form a continuous film, their structures are either in-phase, and consequently large crystallites are formed, or they are out-of-phase and defect structures are formed. The most common defects observed are twinning and stacking faults. Images showing the microscopic details of stacking faults, twinning, and grain boundaries are observed as a result of islands coalescing to form a continuous film.
The cationic region from HIV tat enhances the cell-surface expression of epitope/MHC class I complexes.

The potential of genetic immunization has been acknowledged for almost a decade, but disappointing immunogenicity in humans has delayed its introduction into the clinical arena. To try to increase the potency of genetic immunization, we and others have evaluated ‘translocatory’ proteins, which are thought to exit living cells by an uncharacterized pathway, and enter neighboring cells in an energy-independent manner. Several laboratories, including our own, have begun to question these remarkable properties. Our previous studies showed that the ability of an epitope to induce major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restricted CD8+ T cells was, indeed, enhanced by its being attached to the proposed translocatory sequence of the HIV-1 tat protein. However, we found little evidence that the increased immunogenicity resulted from transfer of the fusion peptide between living cells, and we proposed that it resulted instead from an increased epitope/MHC expression on the surface of transfected cells. Here, we directly test this hypothesis. We show that cells cotransfected with plasmids encoding an epitope, and the relevant MHC class I allele, can stimulate epitope-specific T cells, and that attachment of the epitope to a putative translocatory sequence – which we term herein an ‘integral cationic region’ (ICR) – leads to a marked increase in stimulatory activity. This elevated stimulatory capacity does not result from a nonspecific increase in MHC class I expression. We use a high-affinity T-cell receptor (TcR) specific for the epitope/MHC combination to quantitate directly the cell-surface expression of the immunogenic complex, and we show that the attachment of the tat ICR to an epitope results in a substantial enhancement of its cell-surface presentation. These data suggest an alternative explanation for the immune enhancement seen with ICRs.
Lithium isotope geochemistry of sediments and hydrothermal fluids of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California

Abstract Lithium isotopic compositions of hydrothermally altered sediments of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) site 477/477A, as well as high temperature vent fluids of the Guaymas Basin, have been determined to gain an understanding of lithium exchange during fluid-sediment interaction at this sediment-covered spreading center. Unaltered turbidite of the basin has a δ 6 Li value of −10%., 5–7%. heavier than fresh oceanic basalts. Contact metamorphism induced by a shallow sill intrusion results in a decrease of the lithium content of the adjacent sediments and a lighter isotopic value (−8%.). Below the sill, sediments altered by a deep-seated hydrothermal system show strong depletions in lithium, while lithium isotopic compositions vary greatly, ranging from −11 to +1 %.. The shift to lighter composition is the result of preferential retention of the lighter isotope in recrystallized phases after destruction of the primary minerals. The complexity of the isotope profile is attributed to inhomogeneity in mineral composition, the tortuous pathway of fluids and the temperature effect on isotopic fractionation. The range of lithium concentration and δ 6 Li values for the vent fluids sampled in 1982 and 1985 overlaps with that of the sediment-free mid-ocean ridge systems. The lack of a distinct expression of sediment input is explained in terms of a flow-through system with continuous water recharge. The observations on the natural system agree well with the results of laboratory hydrothermal experiments. The experimental study demonstrates the importance of temperature, pressure, water/rock ratio, substrate composition and reaction time on the lithium isotopic composition of the reacted fluid. High temperature authigenic phases do not seem to constitute an important sink for lithium and sediments of a hydrothermal system such as Guaymas are a source of lithium to the ocean. The ready mobility of lithium in the sediment under elevated temperature and pressure conditions also has important implications for lithium cycling in subduction zones.
Effects of increasing polymer hydrophobicity on distribution ratios of TcO4− in polyethylene/poly(propylene glycol)-based aqueous biphasic systems

The partitioning behavior of the pertechnetate anion was studied in aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed from (NH4)2SO4 and four types of polymers-poly)ethylene glycol) PEG, poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), Pluronic (a PEG/PPG block copolymer), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Phase diagrams are reported for five (NH4)2SO4-polymer ABS systems including the polymers PEG-2000, PEG-3400, PEG-12,000, Pluronic-L64 (average molecular mass approximately 2900), and PVP-K15 (average M(r) approximately 10,000). Distribution ratios for the TcO4- anion in each of these ABS were investigated as a function of increasing salt concentration. In addition, the water-insoluble polymer PPG-2000 was studied. Pertechnetate partitions nearly quantitatively to the polymer-rich phase in each ABS, however, distribution ratios of near one were found for the PPG system. The relative ordering of the distribution ratios is PPG PEG-3400 > PEG-12,000, exhibiting the expected increase in phase incompatibility with increasing polymer M(r). Investigation of pertechnetate partitioning in two additional ABS based on K3PO4 and NaOH with Pluronic-L64 revealed trends similar to those reported for PEG-2000; the distribution ratio (D) values increase in the order NaOH < (NH4)2SO4 < K3PO4. Despite the higher distribution ratios from Pluronic-L64 at lower concentrations than found for PEG, the limited useable range of salt concentrations available may limit the practical utilization of this polymer in ABS separations.
Three Methods of Aluminum Phosphide Application for the In-Transit Fumigation of Grain Aboard Deep-Draft Bulk Cargo Ships

Three methods of applying aluminum phosphide were tested aboard a deep draft vessel to determine the suitability of each method for fumigating grain in transit. Results showed that all three methods were highly effective with only low levels of phosphine residues resulting in the wheat. However, the recirculation method provided faster and more even distribution of phosphine throughout the grain mass than did the two passive methods. After a fumigation exposure of 26 d, all insects exposed at positions where concentration × time (C × T) values were > 1.0 were killed. As tested in this study, all three methods posed no hazards to the ship’s crew or to dock workers unloading the cargo at destination.
Variable selection method improves the prediction of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra.

A new procedure based on the statistical method of "variable selection" is used to predict the secondary structure of proteins from circular dichroism spectra. Variable selection adds the flexibility found in the Provencher and Glockner method (S. W. Provencher and J. Glockner, 1981, Biochemistry 20, 33-37) to the method of Hennessey and Johnson (J. P. Hennessey and W. C. Johnson, 1981, Biochemistry 20, 1085-1094). Two analytical methods are presented for choosing a solution from the series generated by the Provencher and Glockner method, and this improves the technique. All three methods are compared and it is shown that both the variable selection method and the improved Provencher and Glockner methods have equivalent reliability superior to the original Hennessey and Johnson method. For the new variable selection method, correlation coefficients calculated between X-ray structure and predicted secondary structures for data measured to 178 nm are: 0.97 for alpha-helix, 0.75 for beta-sheet, 0.50 for beta-turn, and 0.89 for other structures. Although the variable selection method improves the analysis of circular dichroism data truncated at 190 nm, data measured to 178 nm gives superior results. It is shown that improving the fit to the measured CD beyond the accuracy of the data can result in poorer analyses.
Niacin-ER/Statin Combination for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia: Focus on Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Statins are effective drugs for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and their use has been associated with a significant decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, statins are ineffective in lowering plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein(a), or increasing low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma levels, which are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. Niacin, on the other hand, is the most potent drug available for lowering plasma levels of triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) and raising HDL-C levels. It follows, then, that a combination of niacin with a statin might be an effective combination in improving all components of the lipid profile. Previous studies have shown that the use of long-acting niacin with a statin, in dose combinations of niacin-ER/lovastatin 1,000/20 mg or 2,000/40 mg once daily, has been effective in favorably modifying low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), and HDL-C plasma levels. Dyslipidemias often predate the onset of hypertension, and HDL-C has been found to be inversely related to the incidence of hypertension. Normalization of lipid components, including the total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, is important in the management of hypertensive individuals and patients with the metabolic syndrome or diabetes. Thus, the long-term treatment of dyslipidemias with these two agents may help to modify risk and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients over and above benefits achieved by lowering blood pressure.
Comparative capacitative calcium entry mechanisms in canine pulmonary and renal arterial smooth muscle cells.

Experiments were performed to determine whether capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) can be activated in canine pulmonary and renal arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and whether activation of CCE parallels the different functional structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in these two cell types. The cytosolic [Ca2+] was measured by imaging fura-2-loaded individual cells. Increases in the cytosolic [Ca2+] due to store depletion in pulmonary ASMCs required simultaneous depletion of both the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)- and ryanodine (RY)-sensitive SR Ca2+ stores. In contrast, the cytosolic [Ca2+] rises in renal ASMCs occurred when the SR stores were depleted through either the InsP3 or RY pathways. The increase in the cytosolic [Ca2+] due to store depletion in both pulmonary and renal ASMCs was present in cells that were voltage clamped and was abolished when cells were perfused with a Ca2+-free bathing solution. Rapid quenching of the fura-2 signal by 100 μM Mn2+ following SR store depletion indicated that extracellular Ca2+ entry increased in both cell types and also verified that activation of CCE in pulmonary ASMCs required the simultaneous depletion of the InsP3- and RY-sensitive SR Ca2+ stores, while CCE could be activated in renal ASMCs by the depletion of either of the InsP3- or RY-sensitive SR stores. Store depletion Ca2+ entry in both pulmonary and renal ASMCs was strongly inhibited by Ni2+ (0.1–10 mM), slightly inhibited by Cd2+ (200–500 μM), but was not significantly affected by the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) blocker nisoldipine (10 μM). The non-selective cation channel blocker Gd3+ (100 μM) inhibited a portion of the Ca2+ entry in 6 of 18 renal but not pulmonary ASMCs. These results provide evidence that SR Ca2+ store depletion activates CCE in parallel with the organization of intracellular Ca2+ stores in canine pulmonary and renal ASMCs.
378 Brain Differential Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats: Age- and Gender-Related Differences

378 Brain Differential Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats: Age- and Gender-Related Differences
Monoclonal antibody identifies a new ia-like (p29,34) polymorphic system linked to the hla-d/dr region.

The Ia antigens of the mouse are the basis for the genetic control of the immune response. The HLA-D/DR locus is considered to be the human counterpart of the Ia subregion of the murine major histocompatibility complex1–4. The HLA-D/DR antigens are polymorphic, and eight well defined alleles have been identified using alloantisera5. More recently, ‘supertypic’ antigens (MB and MT) have been defined which identify clusters of HLA-D/DR specificities6–9. Little is known about the molecular basis for the cellular and serological polymorphism of the HLA-D/DR antigens, as alloantisera are usually of very low titre and heteroantisera frequently lack monospecificity. We present here the preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody which defines a new polymorphic system of the HLA-D/DR region. This and similar antisera should now begin to provide the reagents with which to correlate molecular structure with the functional repertoire of the human Ia-like antigens.
Psychological distress associated with self-reported high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol in U.S. adults, 2007

Objectives: The relationship between psychological distress and high blood pressure (HBP) and high blood cholesterol (HBC) is controversial. Psychological distress may interfere with lifestyle modification and health care service use among persons with these conditions. we examined the association between persons with HBP or HBC and psychological distress using a population-based study.
Erratum to “Behavioral effects of the CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 in rats selectively bred for high and low activity in the swim test” [Psychoneuroendocrinology 33(8) (2008) 1093–1101]

Figure 2. Swim test activity of Swim High-active (SwHi), Swim Non-selected (SwNS), and Swim Low-active (SwLo) rats approximately 80 min following s.c. injection of a CRF1 antagonist R121919 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Swim test was conducted immediately after spontaneous activity shown in Fig. 1. Struggling behavior is depicted on the left; floating behavior is in the right graphs. Shown are means ( standard errors) for struggling activity and floating behavior in the 15 min swim test; the value shown at each time point is for the 5 min period that precedes designation shown on the ordinate (thus, activity shown above ‘‘5’’ is mean activity seen in the 5 min ending at 5 min) *significantly different (at least p < 0.05) from vehicleinjected animals of the same strain.
Investigation of ferric iron reduction on the root surfaces of common reeds using an EDTA‐BPDS method

Abstract Graminaceous species usually response to iron (Fe) stress by release of phytosiderophores. But, it remains unclear where Fe3+ is reduced after being chelated with phytosidoerophores. In this investigation, dynamic concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on root surfaces of common reeds [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steudel] was observed using an EDTA‐BPDS (disodium ethylenediamine‐N, N, N’, N'‐tetra acetate and disodiumbathophenanthroline disulfonate) method. The dynamics of Fe2+, Fe3+, and total Fe accumulation on 5 cm tips of roots can be respectively described (in umole g‐1 fresh root weight, FRW) as: [Fe2+]=0.0949t0.21, [Fe3+]=17.9Exp(‐4.96310r0.086) and [Fe]=0.1964t0.28 when the roots were placed in a 0.1 mM ferric citrate solution. Based on the derivatives obtained from the above regression equationss, the accumulation rate (in μmole h‐1 g‐1 FRW) of Fe2+ on the roots was higher than that of Fe3+ during the initial few (<5) minutes, but decreased faster than that of Fe3+. The Fe3+ reduction wa...
Shear bond strengths of 2 intraoral porcelain repair systems to porcelain or metal substrates.

Abstract Statement of Problem. When clinical fractures of the ceramic veneer on ceramometal can be repaired, the need for remake can be eliminated or postponed. A number of ceramic repair materials are available; bond strength data would be useful for predicting the success of a given repair system. Purpose. This in vitro study evaluated shear bond strengths of 2 porcelain repair systems intended for intraoral bonding of resin to porcelain and metal. Material and Methods. Sixty cylindrical specimens were fabricated with feldspathic porcelain and/or a high noble alloy: 20 porcelain (P), 20 porcelain and metal (PM), and 20 metal (M). Specimens were divided into subgroups of 10, and resin composite cylinders were bonded with 1 of 2 systems: CoJet-System (CJ) or Ceramic Repair (CR). Bonded specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours before being thermocycled at 5°C to 55°C for 300 cycles with a 30-second dwell time. The specimens then were stored for an additional 8 days before being subjected to shear force in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Stress at failure was calculated in MPa, and mode of failure was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data. Comparisons between substrates were made with the Duncan multiple range test ( P t test. Results. Bonding groups exhibited the following values in megapascals: PM-CR = 19.3 ± 4.1; PM-CJ = 25.0 ± 3.1; M-CR = 14.3 ± 4.9; M-CJ = 23.0 ± 2.3; P-CR = 18.3 ± 4.2; P-CJ = 22.4 ± 5.6. The ANOVA results showed significant differences between the CJ and CR groups. The Student t test revealed that the mean data for the CJ groups were significantly higher than for the CR groups ( P P Conclusion. Under the conditions of this study, CJ achieved significantly higher bond strengths to PM and M substrates. Significant differences in strength were found between PM and M, but only within the CR system. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:526-31.)
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE : A COMMON AND COSTLY COLITIS

Clostridium difficleinfection manifests as a self-limiting diarrhea, protracted colitis, or toxic pseudomembranous colitis. The incidence ofC. difficilein a 514-bed community hospital was studied retrospectively; 155 patients of a total 18,262 admitted during 1988 were identified withC. difficileas an admitting or subsequent diagnosis. The method of diagnosis, mode of therapy, and related costs were analyzed. We have determined that education, with an emphasis on pathogenesis and prevention, is necessary to reduce the incidence in the hospital and the cost to the patient.
Real and ideal self-images in second- and fifth-grade children: Reliability, validity and factorial structure☆

Abstract The reliability, construct validity, and factorial structure of three self-image instruments were assesses in a total of 80 second- and fifth-grade children. Both real self-images (children's current views of themselves) and ideal self-images (the self views to which children aspire) were assessed. the split-half and test—retest reliabilities of the instruments were adequate even for children's as young as second graders. Stronger evidence of construct validity was found for the older children, although the intercorrelation patterns for both age groups were characterized by larger correlations between assessments of real and ideal self-images using the same instrument than between assessments of the same component of the self-image across the three instruments. Contrary to predictions gener ated by developmental theory, the factor analyses provided non evidence of increasing differentiation of the self-image with age. They did, however, reveal that second and fifth graders distinguish distinctly different functional domains within their self-images.
Procedural correction to Gödel arithmetization procedure as the basis for a pattern recognition system.

In the previously published paper (Brigner, 19831, there was a procedural omission in the schema-abstraction process described on pp. 1146-1148. The specific omission occurred in item ( 3 ) which described the recoding (renumbering) of dual-coded cells. In the interest of coherence, a recapitulation of the schema-abstraction process is presented here, and the procedural correction will be incorporated into the account. Given the factorization of the composite number representing the U-stimulus as presented in the above referenced paper:
Crossing Identitarian Lines: Women's Liberation and James Baldwin's Early Essays

Reading James Baldwin's early essays in the fifties had stirred me with a sense that apparently “given” situations like racism could be analyzed and described and that this could lead to action, to...
Monitoring the Procedural Sedation Patient: Optimal Constructs for Patient Safety

Although emergency department procedural sedation in children is widely practiced, it is not without risk. Appropriate vital sign monitoring has been identified as an essential mechanism to reduce risk associated with procedural sedation. We describe the evolution of guidelines for procedural sedation monitoring in children and review monitoring principles, common adverse events, current monitoring modalities, future directions, and emerging monitoring technologies.
A Constrained Homotopy Technique for Excluding Unwanted Solutions From Polynomial Equations Arising in Kinematics Problems

This paper presents a constrained technique which enables classical homotopy continuation solvers to exclude unwanted solutions from a system of polynomials. It is well known that extraneous and degenerate solutions often appear in polynomial equations derived from kinematics problems. These solutions usually do not have physical meanings and prevent us from understanding the intrinsic feature of the studied problem. Traditionally to exclude these solutions, we have to rely on a tedious post-processing technique which often suffers from numerical instability especially when the number of unwanted solutions is large. In the proposed constrained homotopy technique, the unwanted solutions are mapped to the solutions at infinity of a higher dimensional system. We show that the extra polynomials do not increase the homotopy path count when they are used with a classical homotopy solver. This convenient and user friendly technique does not require any changes to the homotopy codes or extra steps to post-process out unwanted solutions. Compared with the regeneration procedure, our approach offers more freedom in eliminating positive dimensional solutions. In addition, our numerical experiments show that the solutions obtained with the constrained technique seem to have a better accuracy than the post processing approach. Kinematics analysis and synthesis problems are employed to demonstrate that the technique is capable of eliminating unwanted isolated and positive dimensional solutions. In the revisit of the classical nine-point path generation of four-bar, we verify that the maximum number of distinct mechanisms is 1442 triplets.
p38MAPK and MK2 Pathways Are Important for the Differentiation-Dependent Human Papillomavirus Life Cycle

Amplification of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is dependent on the ATM DNA damage pathway. In cells with impaired p53 activity, DNA damage repair requires the activation of p38MAPK along with MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2). In HPV-positive cells, phosphorylation of p38 and MK2 proteins was induced along with relocalization to the cytoplasm. Treatment with MK2 or p38 inhibitors blocked HPV genome amplification, identifying the p38/MK2 pathway as a key regulator of the HPV life cycle.
Aberrant error processing in relation to symptom severity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multimodal neuroimaging study

article i nfo Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by maladaptive repetitive behaviors that persist despite feedback. Using multimodal neuroimaging, we tested the hypothesis that this behavioral rigidity reflects impaired use of behavioral outcomes (here, errors) to adaptively adjust responses. We measured both neural responses toerrors and adjustments inthesubsequent trial to determinewhether abnormalities correlate with symptom severity. Since error processing depends on communication between the anterior and the poste- rior cingulate cortex, we also examined the integrity of the cingulum bundle with diffusion tensor imaging. Methods: Participants performed the same antisaccade task during functional MRI and electroencephalography sessions. We measured error-related activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the error-related neg- ativity(ERN).Wealsoexaminedpost-error adjustments,indexedbychangesinactivationofthedefaultnetwork in trials surrounding errors. Results:OCD patients showedintacterror-relatedACCactivation andERN, butabnormal adjustments inthepost- vs. pre-error trial. Relative to controls, who responded to errors by deactivating the default network, OCD pa- tients showed increased default network activation including in the rostral ACC (rACC). Greater rACC activation inthepost-errortrial correlatedwithmoresevere compulsions. Patientsalsoshowedincreasedfractionalanisot- ropy (FA) in the white matter underlying rACC. Conclusions:Impaired useof behavioraloutcomes toadaptivelyadjustneural responsesmay contribute to symp- toms in OCD. The rACC locus of abnormal adjustment and relations with symptoms suggests difficulty suppress- ing emotional responses to aversive, unexpected events (e.g., errors). Increased structural connectivity of this paralimbic default network region may contribute to this impairment.
Development of the Scale of Economic Abuse

Economic abuse is part of the pattern of behaviors used by batterers to maintain power and control over their partners. However, no measure of economic abuse exists. This study describes the development of the Scale of Economic Abuse, which was designed to fill this gap. Interviews were conducted with 103 survivors of domestic abuse, each of whom responded to measures of economic, physical, and psychological abuse as well as economic hardship. Results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the scale. This study is an important first step toward understanding the extent and impact of economic abuse experienced by survivors.
Political Psychology and Social Neuroscience: Strange Bedfellows or Comrades in Arms?

A special issue on neuroscientific contributions to political psychology may strike some as an odd choice. Neuroscientists, or so the stereotype goes, are concerned about the basic building blocks of life and behavior, whereas political psychologists are more likely to be concerned about voter sophistication, international conflict, and Armageddon. Neuroscientists are reductionistic, dismissive of behavioral scientists and ecological contexts, and prefer invertebrates to primates as subjects of investigation. Political psychologists, on the other hand, study everyday events in complex human societies to understand political choices, actions, and consequences in the real world. Despite these stereotypes, neuroscientists and behavioral scientists are more similar than dissimilar on core questions, epistemology, and values. Neuroscientists are increasingly appreciative of the powerful role that social, political, and cultural factors can play in the development, selection, or maintenance of basic neurobehavioral mechanisms, whereas social scientists are discovering that neuroscientific principles and techniques can contribute to more realistic models of the diversity of mechanisms underlying social behaviors, empirical tests of conflicting theoretical accounts of social behavior, and more comprehensive understanding of social and political behavior (Cacioppo, in press). If neuroscientists and political psychologists are not strange bedfellows, neither are they comrades in arms. The purpose of this special issue is to move ever so slightly toward the latter endpoint. Research in behavioral, cognitive, and social neuroscience has advanced our understanding of what and how people perceive, feel, and remember, and it is illuminating what and how people think, decide, and act. Together, this work and the theory and methods behind it have provocative if not yet important implications for theory and research on political behavior. The contributors to this special issue review relevant developments in the neurosciences, discuss representative research that features multilevel integrative analyses, and examine some of the challenges, perils, and opportunities
Smart biomaterials - regulating cell behavior through signaling molecules

Important advances in the field of tissue engineering are arising from increased interest in novel biomaterial designs with bioactive components that directly influence cell behavior. Following the recent work of Mitchell and co-workers published in BMC Biology, we review how spatial and temporal control of signaling molecules in a matrix material regulates cellular responses for tissue-specific applications.
Fast data structures for shortest path routing: a comparative evaluation

The execution time of Dijkstra's (1959) algorithm for shortest path routing strongly depends upon the underlying priority queue data structure used to store intermediate path costs for the graph during the algorithm's iterations. In particular, the efficiency is determined by how quickly the data structure can execute the operations of EXTRACT-MIN and DECREASE-KEY. Using Dijkstra's algorithm on graphs of various sizes and topologies, this paper compares the actual performance of the standard implicit binary heap with that of several proposed data structures: the binomial heap, relaxed heap, run relaxed heap, Fibonacci heap and splay tree. In particular, we compare the data structures' performance of the key operations, EXTRACT-MIN and DECREASE-KEY.
Biventricular myocardial kinematics based on tagged MRI from anatomical NURBS models

We present current research in which both left and right ventricular deformation is estimated from tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using volumetric deformable models with a nonuniform rational D-splines (NURBS) basis. From a set of short and long axis images, the initial NURBS model is constructed by fitting two surfaces with the same parameterization to the set of epicardial and endocardial contours from which a volumetric model is created. Using displacement information derived from tag line and contour data, we can solve for the optimal homogeneous coordinates, in a least-squares sense, of the NURBS model at a later time point using quadratic programming. After fitting to all time points of data, lofting the NURBS model for each time point creates a comprehensive 4-D NURBS model. From this model 3-D myocardial displacement fields and corresponding strain maps, which are local measures of nonrigid deformation, become available.
On the solution of time-optimal control problems in the presence of quadratic constraints

It is shown that the minimization of \parallel k \parallel_{2} with respect to λ results in a set of m equations which are linear in ( m - 1 ) lambdas and nonlinear in the minimum time. These equations can also be obtained by satisfying the terminal conditions subject to the condition, \lambda \cdot e_{d} = 1 .
Parasitoids Reared From Predators of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), and the Hymenopterous Parasitoid Community on Western Hemlock in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract In western North America, infestations of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), are common on orchard, ornamental, and roadside western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent. However, these infestations rarely cause T. heterophylla mortality. Host tolerance and presence of endemic predators may be contributing to the relatively low levels of injury to T. heterophylla caused by A. tsugae. Field surveys of the arthropod community associated with A. tsugae infestations on 116 T. heterophylla at 16 sites in Oregon and Washington were conducted every 4–6 wk from January 2005 through November 2006. Fourteen uninfested T. heterophylla were also surveyed across 5 of the 16 sites. Immature A. tsugae predators collected in the field were brought to the laboratory for rearing. Eight species of hymenopterous parasitoids were reared from pupae of predators of A. tsugae in the laboratory. Two Pachyneuron spp. (Pteromalidae) and a Melanips sp. (Figitidae) were reared fro...
Medical Data Visualization: Toward Integrated Clinical Workstations

As our ability to access the abundance of clinical data grows, it is imperative that methods to organize and to visualize this information be in place so as not to overwhelm users: increasingly, users are faced with information overload. Moreover, the manner of presentation is fundamental to how such information is interpreted, and can be the turning point in uncovering new insights and knowledge about a patient or a disease. And of course, medical imaging is itself an inherently visual medium. This chapter presents work related to the visualization of medical data, focusing on issues related to navigation and presentation by drawing upon imaging and other disciplines for examples of display and integration methods. We first cover different visual paradigms that have been developed (e.g., icons, graphs), grouped along dimensions that emphasize the different types of data relationships and workflow. Subsequently, issues related to combining these visualizations are given. As no single graphical user interface (GUI) can accommodate all users and the spectrum of tasks seen in the healthcare environment, the ultimate goal is to create an adaptive graphical interface that integrates clinical information so as to be conducive to a given user's objectives: efforts in this direction are discussed. Throughout, we describe applications that illustrate the many open issues revolving around medical data visualization.
Study of Flow through Conical Converging Dies

Experimental study of metal flow encounters inherent limitations in the absence of adequate theoretical support. Such support is provided in this presentation of an analytical approach to the study of drawing or extrusion through conical converging dies. For such flow the analysis is relatively complete and its practical applicability has been proven. This approach — limit analysis — can be applied to rolling, forging, and other metal forming processes.
The Influence of Prednisone on the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

The influence of prednisone on the efficacy of docetaxel in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Risk of acute renal failure among breast cancer patients and chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer patients with a history of renal insufficiency in a commercially-insured population in the United States

e22104 Background: Risk of acute renal failure (ARF) among breast cancer (BC) patients may increase with nephrotoxic chemotherapy and other exposures, but this risk is not well characterized. Furthermore, among patients who present with renal insufficiencies (RI) at cancer diagnosis, subsequent treatment patterns are not well described. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using a large national commercial claims database. The cohort included all women diagnosed with BC from 2000 to 2007 who were 18–64 years at diagnosis with no history of cancer (n=13,296). We defined a diagnosis of BC as at least one inpatient or two outpatient claims more than 30 days apart with an ICD-9 code of 174. Among patients with no history of RI (n=13,150), we calculated the cumulative incidence (CI) of ARF_the proportion with at least one inpatient or two outpatient claims with an ICD-9 code of 584 or 586 in the first year following cancer diagnosis. Treatment for BC patients with a history of RI (n=146) was also...
Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in the developing and diseased heart

The mitochondrion is a complex organelle that serves essential roles in energy transduction, ATP production, and a myriad of cellular signaling events. A finely tuned regulatory network orchestrates the biogenesis, maintenance, and turnover of mitochondria. The high-capacity mitochondrial system in the heart is regulated in a dynamic way to generate and consume enormous amounts of ATP in order to support the constant pumping function in the context of changing energy demands. This review describes the regulatory circuitry and downstream events involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and its coordination with mitochondrial dynamics in developing and diseased hearts.
US exposure to multiple landscape stressors and climate change

We examined landscape exposure to wildfire potential, insects and disease risk, and urban and exurban development for the conterminous US (CONUS). Our analysis relied on spatial data used by federal agencies to evaluate these stressors nationally. We combined stressor data with a climate change exposure metric to identify when temperature is likely to depart from historical conditions and become “unprecedented.” We used a neighborhood analysis procedure based on key stressor thresholds within a geographic information system to examine the extent of landscape exposure to our set of individual and coinciding stressors. Our focus is on identifying large contiguous areas of stress exposure which would be of national concern to identify potential locations most vulnerable to resulting ecological and social disruption. The arrival of record-setting temperatures may be both rapid and widespread within the CONUS under RCP8.5. By 2060, 91 % of the CONUS could depart from the climate of the last century. While much of the CONUS may be impacted by at least one of the landscape stressors we examined, multiple coinciding stressors occurred for less than 9 % of the CONUS. The two most prevalent coinciding stressors were (1) wildfire potential combined with insects and disease risk, and (2) climate departure combined with urban and exurban development. Combined exposure to three or more stressors was rare, but we did identify several localized high-population areas that may be vulnerable to future change. Additional assessment and research for these areas may provide early and proactive approaches to mitigating multiple stressor exposure.
Evaluating the Effectiveness and Optimal Design of Isolation Bearings and Fluid Dampers for a Highway Bridge Using a Fragility Function Method and Genetic Optimization

Modern seismic protection technologies in the forms of isolation bearings and fluid dampers can be used to improve the seismic responses of highway bridges. This paper aims to use the performance-based evaluation approach to investigate the seismic performances of a newly constructed highway over-crossing in California that is equipped with isolation bearings and fluid dampers. A simplified 2D bridge model representing the transverse response of the bridge is adopted that take into account of nonlinear behavior in bridge, isolation devices and fluid dampers as well as soil-structure interaction effects. Fragility curves are derived by PSDA for pier columns and base isolators first then combined into a composite system curve based on the repair cost ratio of these two components for each damage state. The efficiency of using isolation bearings and fluid dampers is investigated by comparing system fragility curves of three different cases, i.e., the as-built bridge, the isolated bridge, and the bridge installed with both base isolators and fluid dampers. Furthermore, utilizing a multi-objective genetic algorithm, the optimum combination of mechanical parameters of isolation bearings and fluid dampers are identified. The study shows that the optimum design of isolation bearings and fluid dampers are able to reduce the bearing deformation and deck acceleration simultaneously and minimize the overall damaging potential of the bridge.
THE RISK FACTORS FOR ARRHYTHMIC DEATH IN A SAMPLE OF MEN FOLLOWED FOR 20 YEARS

In a sample of 301 men, aged 54-62 years, who were employed in the telephone industry in New Jersey, and who were followed prospectively from 1963/1964 to 1984, 65 of 148 deaths were manifested by the abrupt occurrence of fatal ventricular arrhythmias. On multivariate analysis, the factors present at the initial examination that were significantly related to the subsequent occurrence of arrhythmic deaths were: abnormal patterns of QRS conduction; the level of blood pressure; the number of cigarettes currently being smoked; chronic myocardial ischemia; chronic airway disease; and failure to engage in any exercise or heavy physical activity. Among 28 other potential risk factors representing myocardial disorders, ventricular dysrhythmias, other disorders of cardiac rate, rhythm, conduction, and repolarization, and non-cardiac risk factors (including cholesterol level, serum uric acid level, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, general arteriosclerosis, other non-cardiac disease, and social, behavioral, and attitudinal variables), none significantly added to risk for arrhythmic death. The risk factors related to the subsequent occurrence of other deaths, manifested by the gradual development of circulatory failure, were significantly different from the risk factors related to arrhythmic deaths.
Distant but relative: Similarities and differences in gender role beliefs among African American and Vietnamese American women.

Objectives Research attempting to identify similarities or disentangle differences in ethnic minority gender role beliefs has been largely absent in the literature, and a gap remains for qualitative examinations of such phenomena. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by providing a qualitative examination of the differences and similarities of gender role beliefs among African American and Vietnamese American women. Methods Thematic analyses were conducted with data gathered from 8 focus groups with 44 African American women (mean age = 44 years) and 4 focus Groups 47 Vietnamese American women (mean age = 42 years). Women were diverse in generational, religious, and educational backgrounds. Results Two similar primary themes emerged: (a) women's roles as chief caretakers and (b) women's responsibility to fulfill multiple roles. There were also similar experiences of a need to convey strength and be self-sacrificial. Two distinct differences that emerged from the focus groups were beliefs about interpersonal interactions and perceptions of societal expectations. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the conceptualization of gender role beliefs, although at times similar, diverges among culturally different groups. To account for these and other culturally nuanced differences, measures of gender role beliefs should be culturally tailored and culturally specific. However, researchers have largely excluded ethnic minority women in the development of the most widely used measures of gender role beliefs in the U.S. The inclusion of diverse women in research will help prevent pitfalls of conflating and ignoring intragroup differences among different groups of marginalized women.
Rescue Medication in Children at Risk of Prolonged Convulsive Seizures

Investigators at the Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, and other centers in the UK and Europe, explore the adequacy of treatment of children with prolonged convulsive seizures (defined as seizures lasting more than 5 min) occurring in school to prevent progression to status epilepticus and neurological morbidity.
Inheritance and Progress of Flower and Bird Painting Form

The development of Chinese Flower and Bird Painting, is the process of peculiar discovery of the realistic beauty and exploring the correspond unique expressive methods. In order to meet modern psychological demand, Flower and Bird Painting should expand its expressions, change its visual fashions and obtain nourishment from the classical works. Furthermore, Flower and Bird Painting should converse and communicate with the ancestors by carrying the modern interest of aesthetic appreciation, and pioneer new fields of aesthetic appreciation. Relying on some external factors, it must go in quest of development and breakthrough within traditional limits. It also needs to seek and discover the most enlightening and helpful way for the present artistic creation so as to realize the abandon and progress of the traditional form.