cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nonconvex formulation for low rank subspace clustering: algorithms and convergence analysis

We consider the problem of subspace clustering with data that is potentially corrupted by both dense noise and sparse gross errors. In particular, we study a recently proposed low rank subspace clustering approach based on a nonconvex modeling formulation. This formulation includes a nonconvex spectral function in the objective function that makes the optimization task challenging, e.g., it is unknown whether the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework proposed to solve the nonconvex model formulation is provably convergent. In this paper, we establish that the spectral function is differentiable and give a formula for computing the derivative. Moreover, we show that the derivative of the spectral function is Lipschitz continuous and provide an explicit value for the Lipschitz constant. These facts are then used to provide a lower bound for how the penalty parameter in the ADMM method should be chosen. As long as the penalty parameter is chosen according to this bound, we show that the ADMM algorithm computes iterates that have a limit point satisfying first-order optimality conditions. We also present a second strategy for solving the nonconvex problem that is based on proximal gradient calculations. The convergence and performance of the algorithms is verified through experiments on real data from face and digit clustering and motion segmentation.
Mark Fitzgerald and John O’Flynn (eds), Music and Identity in Ireland and Beyond (2014)

A review of Mark Fitzgerald and John O’Flynn (eds), Music and Identity in Ireland and Beyond (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014). ISBN 978-1-4724-0966-9.
On the Failure of Failure: Examining the Association Between Early Grade Retention and Education and Employment Outcomes During Late Adolescence

Past research examining the efficacy of early grade retention has presented mixed results, including numerous deleterious outcomes, especially during adolescence. The results of this 21-year, prospective, longitudinal study—which includes retained students, low-achieving but promoted students, and a control group—provide evidence that retained students have a greater probability of poorer educational and employment outcomes during late adolescence. Specifically, retained students had lower levels of academic adjustment at the end of 11th grade, were more likely to drop out of high school by age 19, were less likely to receive a diploma by age 20, were less likely to be enrolled in a postsecondary education program, received lower education/employment status ratings, were paid less per hour, and received poorer employment competence ratings at age 20 in comparison to a group of low-achieving students. Furthermore, the low-achieving but promoted group was comparable to the control group in all employment outcomes at age 20. Given the importance of a quality education and socioemotional adjustment for subsequent development, the effects of early grade retention may be further understood by considering a transactional model of development. © 1999 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Theil’s Citation Classics

This book describes applications of information theory to problems in economics, such as the measurement of income equality, industrial concentration, concentration in international trade, and the fit of allocation models.
Postirradiation examination on metallic fuel in the AFC-2 irradiation test series

Abstract Irradiation experiments on metallic fuel alloys containing rare earth additions to simulate potential carry-over from pyro-metallurgical reprocessing and minor actinide additions were performed in the Idaho National Laboratory Advanced Test Reactor. These tests were designated AFC-2A and AFC-2B. Additionally irradiation experiments were also performed on metallic fuel alloys containing minor actinide additions that were fabricated by different techniques. These tests were designated AFC-2E. These pins were removed from the reactor after achieving burnups between 6 and 11% fission per initial heave metal atom. Examination of these pins revealed that they were unintentionally operated beyond their desired power and temperature conditions. Highlights from the postirradiation examination of these experiments is discussed. A variety of issue contributed to the poor performance of these irradiation tests including capsule design, reactor power variations and fabrication issues. While all the issues contributed, the major issue was determined to be unanticipated variations in reactor power. Through comparisons between these experiments and historical off-normal experiments, it was possible to conclude bound the operating temperatures of these experiments. There likely was some in-pile melting in the rare earth addition experiments (AFC-2A, AFC-2B), but it is not likely that there was in-pile melting in the fabrication technique experiments (AFC-2E).
Natural Resources and the Environment

Land, water, and air policy issues are raised for future policy resolution. Use of biomass, waste management, conservation of resources, and wildlife/recreation potentials are also reviewed. The pertinent question “can we sustain an economically profitable, resource protecting agriculture with our present use of high mechanical/ chemical technology” is raised and tentatively explored.
Barometers of Community Change

Communities change in diverse ways. Some of these changes may be visible: new buildings arise, other buildings are empty and deteriorating, one-way streets are designated, and the like. Some changes are not directly visible, but are known by us in the form of information that then alters our perceptions and experience, e.g., juvenile crime has increased, the percentage of older people is steadily escalating, air pollution has worsened, approval has been given for a large condominium development, an elementary school will be closed (or built). People, I assume, differ markedly in their awareness of past, present, and potential community change. That is to say, they vary not only in what they regard as a change, but in the indicators they use as a basis for their conclusions. The more a person has lived continuously in a community, the less easy it is to recognize ongoing changes, i.e., the seeds of future change. We may know in an abstract way that the community we have lived in has changed dramatically over the years, but our knowledge in no way means that we are sensitive to the indicators of ongoing change. When we see a photo of our neighborhood or downtown taken years ago, we are surprised and sometimes shocked at how much change has taken place. Or, if, as I had occasion to do, you go back and read the local newspaper of 20 and 30 years ago, you quickly conclude that what was once your community hardly exists today—quite the opposite of “the more things change the more they remain the same.” At the same time that phenomenologically we do not perceive that, as persons, we have changed much—the “I” of today is not much different than our “I” of those days—we cannot deny that we have lived in a changing community and, significantly, that we did not appreciate or were insensitive to the implications of those past changes. If I am at all representative, a frequent reaction is that much of what we thought was a desirable change was at best a mixed blessing, and at worst a disaster. Another reaction is: Why was I so insensitive to the beginnings and implications of many of these changes? Were the unintended consequences truly not discernible?
Least-Cost Technology Investments in the Passenger Vehicle and Electric Sectors to Meet Greenhouse Gas Emissions Targets to 2050

This paper presents an optimization-based model to compute least-cost-to-society strategies for technology deployment and retirement in the passenger vehicle and electric power generation sectors to meet greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) through 2050. The model output provides a timeline and technology quantities to be deployed or retired early for years 2011 through 2050, as well as annual and total coststo- society and GHG emissions. Model inputs include costs of deploying or retiring incumbent and elective GHG-reducing technologies, as well as numerous scenarios for energy prices and technology costs. On top of constraints on GHG emissions, as well as scenario constraints for retirement and market factors, the model framework provides the ability to investigate the effect of additional constraints such as renewable portfolio standards and increases in corporate average fuel economy. Ultimately, the framework is targeted in scope to operate in a broader policy discussion capable of quantitatively evaluating existing or proposed policy measures for any country or geographic region. The paper describes the model framework and its various components, along with its relevance and application in technology policy. It also presents the mathematical formulation of the linear programming model that runs at the core of the framework. Results are presented from application of the framework to the U.S. automotive market operating under IPCC GHG constraints to determine technology deployment and retirement trajectories for automotive technologies through 2050 under various future scenarios.
Return to Sports and Physical Activities After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in Young Patients

Background:Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint has been shown to be effective in alleviating pain and correcting deformity in hallux rigidus. However, outcomes in specific spor...
Metastatic amelanotic melanoma with cardiac involvement: A case report.

Metastatic melanoma has a high rate of cardiac involvement and often presents with non-specific symptoms, including heart failure. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman with a remote history of resected flank melanoma, who presented with heart failure progressing to cardiogenic shock and death. Despite extensive workup including chest computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy, the etiology of her heart failure was not diagnosed until autopsy revealed metastatic amelanotic melanoma. In patients with unexplained heart failure and a history of melanoma, imaging studies including fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography should be included in the workup to guide early diagnosis and treatment. .
Working toward integrated practice: Understanding the interaction among formative assessment strategies

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to directly observe and investigate the factors that support or hinder the implementation of an integrated approach to formative assessment and to understand h...
Passing the Hat to Pay the Piper: Alternative Mechanisms for Publicly Funding the Arts

Public arts funding in the United States is under pressure. As a means of reducing volatility, twenty-eight states instituted alternative funding mechanisms to support a state arts agency. This stu...
Comparison of Early Versus Delayed Filgrastim (G-CSF) Administration Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma - Real-World Data from a Single-Center Institution

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) performed early in the disease course or at first relapse leads to improved progression-free and overall survival in transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Filgrastim, a recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), when used after ASCT has been shown to accelerate time to neutrophil engraftment (TNE), and in some studies, it has been associated with reduced length of hospitalization, infectious complications, and antibiotic use. Strategies that reserve G-CSF administration to when neutrophil recovery is delayed, have attempted to show that there is no difference in infectious complications, length of hospitalization or TNE when compared to early administration of G-CSF on the day after stem cell infusion (DOT). However, the optimal timing for administering G-CSF has not yet been determined in patients with MM undergoing ASCT. Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center analysis of patients with MM undergoing ASCT from mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. Patients enrolled in a clinical trial of high-dose lenalidomide and melphalan as conditioning therapy which mandated the administration of filgrastim from day +1 after DOT (Lenalidomide Plus Melphalan as a Preparative Regimen for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma, NCT01054196) were assigned to the early strategy group (ES). Patients receiving filgrastim as per our institutional guideline (starting on day +12 if ANC Results: We identified 59 patients in the ES group and 39 patients in the DS group from 08-16-2010 to 05-22-2019, for a total of 98 included in this analysis. Median age was 60 and 65 years in the ES and DS groups, respectively. Patients received a comparable dose of CD34+ cells, 5.05x106/kg in the ES group vs 4.66x106/kg in the DS group (p = 0.48). The ES group started filgrastim administration earlier (day +1 vs +9, p Discussion: Filgrastim use guided by an ES decreased the time to neutrophil engraftment, the duration of neutropenia and the length of hospitalization compared to a DS. Further analyses to identify predictive factors associated with a reduction in infectious complications and length of stay are underway, with the aim of developing a risk-adapted strategy for the use of filgrastim in patients with MM undergoing ASCT. Disclosures Van Besien: Miltenyi Biotec: Research Funding. Coleman: Kite Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership; Merck: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Speakers Bureau; Gilead, Bayer, Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Rosenbaum: Janssen: Research Funding; Honoraria Akcea: Other: Accordant Health. Rossi: Janssen, Celgene, Amgen: Consultancy; BMS: Research Funding. Niesvizky: Takeda, Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Environmental impacts and implications of tropical carrageenophyte seaweed farming

Field-based cultivation of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma seaweeds is widespread across the tropics and is largely done to extract the polysaccharide carrageenan, which is used in commercial applications. Although such seaweed farming has been cited as a sustainable alternative livelihood to destructive fishing, there has not been a comprehensive review of its environmental impacts to assess its potential conservation benefit. We reviewed the peer-reviewed and industry gray literature to determine what is known about seaweed farming techniques and their impacts on local ecosystems, organisms, and ecosystem services. We identified 43 tropical or subtropical countries that are currently cultivating or have cultivated carrageenophytes. Ecosystem impacts of seaweed farming were measured directly in 33 publications with variable results. Placement of seaweed farms above seagrass beds led to reduced productivity and shoot density in 5 studies and reduced or altered meiofaunal abundance and diversity in 6 studies. On coral reefs, overgrowth of corals by farmed seaweed species was documented in 8 cases. Two studies showed changes to herbivorous fish communities in adjacent areas because seaweed farms changed the environment, whereas in 2 studies measures of overall abundance or diversity did not change. The impacts of seaweed farming may not be as destructive as some other human activities, but they should still be considered when establishing new farms or managing existing farm sites. Our findings are consistent with suggestions to mitigate impact on local ecosystems by shifting seaweed farms to deeper, sandy-bottom areas. However, some of these changes may adversely affect farmers and associated communities.
User-Centric Approaches for Next-Generation Self-Organizing Wireless Communication Networks Using Machine Learning

With the ever-increasing rise of a wide range of data-driven applications and services, as well as the synergies of gigabit wireless connectivity and pervasive broadband connectivity, there is a need for a paradigm shift in network methodologies to develop and deploy networks, such as 5G wireless. User-centric approaches to implementing self-organizing networks (SON) using machine learning (ML) have the potential to address the above challenges for 5G wireless communications networks and provide a seamlessly connected eco-system with superior user experience. This paper focuses on the potential performance improvements that can be achieved by integrating self-organizing networks and machine learning using user-centric approaches, with a focus on self-healing and self-optimizing SON functions.
Physiological Evolution of Sleep

Children are predominantly affected by alterations during normal sleep. Sleep physiology evolves during childhood, especially during the first months and years of life. The recognized age groups for normal sleep are fetal, premature, newborn, infant, preschool, school, and adolescent. These stages have different characteristics, which are important to know in order to achieve a good clinical approach to sleep disorders. Important information about sleep in children includes somnolence, sleep routines, naps, attentional conflicts, hyperactivity, lack of concentration in school, disruptive behavior, and academic performance. There are specific sleep-associated symptoms—which are understood to be normal—to distinguish in children, such as benign childhood myoclonus, somnambulism, sleep paralysis, dreams, and parasomnias.
A Pre-Workout Supplement of Ketone Salts, Caffeine, and Amino Acids Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Keto-Naïve and Keto-Adapted Individuals.

Background: Acute ingestion of ketone supplements alters metabolism and potentially exercise performance. No studies to date have evaluated the impact of co-ingestion of ketone salts with caffeine ...
Measuring the speed of gravitational waves from the first and second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

The speed of gravitational waves for a single observation can be measured by the time delay among gravitational-wave detectors with Bayesian inference. Then multiple measurements can be combined to produce a more accurate result. From the near simultaneous detection of gravitational waves and gamma rays originating from GW170817/GRB 170817A, the speed of gravitational wave signal was found to be the same as the speed of the gamma rays to approximately one part in ${10}^{15}$. Here we present a different method of measuring the speed of gravitational waves, not based on an associated electromagnetic signal but instead by the measured transit time across a geographically separated network of detectors. While this method is far less precise, it provides an independent measurement of the speed of gravitational waves. For GW170817, a binary neutron star inspiral observed by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, by fixing sky localization of the source at the electromagnetic counterpart the speed of gravitational waves is constrained to 90% confidence interval (0.97c, 1.02c), where c is the speed of light in a vacuum. By combing ten binary black hole (BBH) events and the binary neutron star event from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, the 90% confidence interval is narrowed down to (0.97c, 1.01c). The accurate measurement of the speed of gravitational waves allows us to test the general theory of relativity. We further interpret these results within the test framework provided by the gravitational standard-model extension (SME). In doing so, we obtain simultaneous constraints on four of the nine nonbirefringent, nondispersive coefficients for Lorentz violation in the gravity sector of the SME and place limits on the anisotropy of the speed of gravity.
Chapter 28 – Delirium

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study on clinical aspects of delirium and the cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with it. Delirium is a syndrome characterized by altered consciousness and multiple cognitive impairments, including deterioration in the capacity to direct and sustain attention. The domain of consciousness, which varies from alertness to stupor, is distinguished from cognitive domains such as memory and attention, which depend on consciousness. In his work Bonhoeffer describes several syndromes, delirium, stupor, clouded states, and twilight states, that he characterized as exogenous reaction types, which are differentiated from schizophrenia and mania. The term “delirium” encompasses all of these syndromes. The characteristic features were alteration of consciousness, cognitive impairment, and prominent noncognitive symptoms such as anxiety, depression, delusions, and hallucinations. Twilight and postictal states that occur after temporal lobe epilepsy are characterized by inaccessibility, marked slowing of cognition, and intermittently unpredictable and occasionally violent behavior. The unity of the syndrome of delirium is still debated depending on the primacy of etiology in the classification scheme. . The chapter presents two sets of diagnostic criteria—one of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association and the other of International Classification of Disease (ICD), which are similar but not identical. The chapter also discusses the importance of mental state examination in delirium, including a number of essential parts.
Long-term Healthcare Utilization by Medicaid Enrolled Children with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Objective To evaluate healthcare utilization in Medicaid enrolled children with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the first 2 years of life. Study design A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study evaluating Medicaid enrolled children born in New York (1999-2011) and Texas (1999-2010) was performed. Healthcare utilization, including inpatient days, emergency department and outpatient visits, and filled prescriptions in children after birth hospitalization was assessed. A tapered propensity-matching methodology was used, matching each child with NAS with 5 children without NAS, first on demographics, then on both demographics and clinical covariates (clinical diagnoses and congenital anomalies at birth). Poisson and negative binomial regression were used to calculate healthcare utilization ratios (HUR). Results In the first 2 years of life, children with NAS (n = 3799) had increased healthcare utilization with more inpatient days and emergency department visits than demographically similar children without NAS. This increased utilization however did not persist after matching on clinical covariates and performing multiple comparisons adjustment (inpatient days [HUR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.16; P = .89], total emergency department visits [HUR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11; P = .02]). Children with NAS conversely had 9% fewer outpatient office visits (HUR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95; P Conclusions A diagnosis of NAS does not appear to be an independent predictor of increased healthcare utilization in the first 2 years of life. These results differ from some other published studies, but may suggest that the increased healthcare utilization observed in children with NAS is due to higher incidences of perinatal complications and congenital anomalies in children with prenatal drug exposures.
Particle remobilization in filtration membranes during flow interruption

Abstract Anomalously high levels of particles are often observed to pass through filtration membranes upon resumption of flow following interruption. However, it has been challenging to obtain direct information about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we employed a highly multiplexed single-particle tracking approach, which enabled the visualization of particle transport in microfiltration membranes under flow conditions that included stoppage intervals and therefore provided direct evidence for particle remobilization during flow stoppage. Our results suggest that during flow interruption, a sub-population of trapped/retained particles detach from their retention sites and may escape to less trapped areas through Brownian motion within the pore space. Particles that do not diffuse far enough during flow stoppage generally become trapped again upon the resumption of flow. As a result, the fraction of particles that are remobilized increases with stoppage time, since longer periods of Brownian motion permit diffusing particles to enter less confined regions of the membrane. This mechanistic information about particle transport remobilization will permit the design of filtration flow profiles that meet customized requirements for particle retention during complex filtration cycles.
From Performativity to Performances: Reconsidering Platforms’ Production of the Future of Work, Organizing, and Society

This essay takes as its starting point Gernot Grabher and Jonas Konig's (2020) piece, "Disruption, Embedded. A Polanyian Framing of the Platform Economy," and suggests focusing on how digital platforms are realized on the ground. We propose that the people experiencing platformization have a strong influence over the futures that platforms can evoke. To illuminate this interplay between people and platforms, we offer a taxonomy of three ways that people intervene in how platforms produce the future: innovation, articulation, and opposition. In doing so, we build on Grabher and Konig’s essay to enrich the analytical and predictive power of their framework. Moreover, we provide the beginnings of a theoretical framework of our own - namely, a sociology of people’s performances and their role in future-making - which we believe can contribute to ongoing discussions on the future of work and organizing.
COVID-19 and Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Single Center Experience

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) -- a single center tertiary hospital experience MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted to our hospital in the United States between March 1st and June 15th, 2020 with DKA and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection known as COVID-19 We compared the baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and clinical course between survivors and nonsurvivors to identify the risk factors associated with mortality in the patients with DKA RESULTS: A total number of 43 patients were included in this study The median age was 52 years Thirty-three (76 7%) patients were male Median value of initial glucose on presentation was 553 mg/dL (300 0-1927 0 mg/dL) On admission, 33 (76 7%) patients had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)>=8% (64 mmol/mol) and HbA1cwas not obtained in 10 (23 3%) patients Acute kidney injury (AKI) was seen in 37 (86 0%) patients, 6 (14%) patients required renal replacement therapy and 22 (51 2%) required mechanical ventilation Among the 43 patients, 25 (58 1%) died Out of 25 patients who died 15 (60 0%) were Hispanics, 6 (24 0%) were White, 3 (12 0%) were African American, 1 (4%) was Arabic, and 1 (4%) was Asian The patients who died were older in age than who survived (mean age 58 +/- 6 13 vs 46 +/- 9 39;p = 0 023) Some 95% of the patients requiring mechanical ventilation died (odds ratio [OR]: 89 25;95% confidence interval [CI]: 9 10-874 96);p=0 001) Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had significantly higher d-dimer (13 00 +/- 3 20 mcg/mL vs 6 15 +/- 3 66 mcg/mL;p< 0 006) and peak ferritin values (2763 66 +/- 1105 32 ng/mL vs 835 16 +/- 257 07 ng/mL;p= 0 016) Conclusion: Our retrospective study shows COVID-19 infection may present as DKA in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) Older age, mechanical ventilation, elevated d-dimer, and ferritin are associated with poor prognosis in these patients Our study shows that COVID-19 is associated with substantial mortality in DKA patients and adds to the limited literature available regarding poor risk factors associated with mortality in these patients
Adapting a Classroom Simulation Experience to an Online Escape Room in Nutrition Education

Due to the COVID-19 emergency transition to remote learning, an undergraduate class in nutrition and dietetics modified a face-to-face experiential “escape room” assignment into a comparable online experience. The online assignment was structured so that students had to use knowledge and clues to move through each step of the Nutrition Care Process; students proceeded through the escape room individually until each successfully “escaped.” An important component of this assignment was the postactivity debriefing process, which took place via video conferencing in small groups. Students indicated that they were pleasantly surprised at the effectiveness of the online assignment. However, analytics showed that students progressed through most of the steps fairly quickly; thus, instructors plan to improve future deployments by using a variety of interactive assessments and adding more layered criteria and clues within each of the escape room steps.
A coordinated effort: Cultural and policy requirements for digital accessibility

Ensuring access to library technology for disabled users and staff is essential for libraries. However, recent surveys reveal that many are still struggling to develop the infrastructure required t...
A Performance Comparison of RESTful Applications Implemented in Spring Boot Java and MS.NET Core

RESTful is an emergent architectural style to develop web services/applications due to its lightweight nature. Though more and more organizations are adopting RESTful services, when it comes to choosing the right platform to implement one, teams usually gravitate towards reusing the existing skillset and prefer the platform that they currently support instead of looking for a better performing alternative. Considering that internal architecture and implementation of each platform can drastically affect its efficiency and performance, the objective of this research paper is to assess and compare the performance of RESTful web applications implemented in Spring Boot Java and MS.NET Core. An identical business use case to provide the basic four Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operations was developed in both implementations. Apache JMeter 5.2.1, an automated performance testing tool is used in this experiment to create a swamp of concurrent virtual users to load both the applications at regular intervals. The comprehensive experimental results are presented at the end of the research paper.
Considerations for Translating Medical Devices Under Development From the Clinic to the Home: A Case Study in Providing Chronic Wound Care:

A prototype medical device and protocol that work well in a clinic would not necessarily work reliably in the home setting. The goal of this work is to identify factors to consider when translating...
The lender of last resort function under a currency board: The case of Argentina

Within the current rules of the game, Argentina's central bank (BCRA) is charged with being the lender of last resort as well as providing full convertibility between pesos and U.S. dollars - two objectives with one instrument, namely, reserves. Within those rules, it may be well that the balance of responsibilities needs to shift. Complete dollarization can significantly reduce risks but not entirely eliminate them. If the BCRA can concentrate more on building up reserves and helping to ward off crises of confidence in the currency, perhaps the banking system can protect itself better from liquidity shocks. But this will require, among other things, consolidation of the sector (which could give it greater access to outside liquidity) and prudential strengthening of the system. Triage of weaker banks should continue and not await another crisis. More experience with the new liquidity policy is needed and so is reform of the settlement system, as it affects the functioning of the interbank market, which is essential for containing crises. Essentially, however, no grand solution seems to exist for the problems that seem inevitable in a system where the central bank is also the currency board. Argentina's strategy must therefore turn on actively strengthening its banking systems to reduce the risks of insolvency.
Generating spiral gradient waveforms with a compact frequency spectrum

Purpose To generate efficient gradient waveforms for spiral MRI which mitigate the high-frequency attenuation inherent in gradient systems. Theory and methods Spiral MRI has many clinical advantages, including high temporal and SNR efficiency. One of the challenges for robust spiral MRI is a high sensitivity to imperfections in the gradient system, which requires some form of correction in order to map data correctly in k-space. A previous numerical algorithm for generating spiral gradient waveforms was modified to reduce its high-frequency content with minimal increase in waveform duration. Results Examples are shown of compact frequency gradient waveforms. Software implementing the algorithm is made available. Conclusion An algorithm to produce gradient waveforms with a compact frequency spectrum is described. This algorithm results in greatly reduced overall error and better compatibility with gradient systems than the original algorithm from which it was derived.
Abstract PO-066: High uptake, retention, and in vivo activity of L-Annamycin in pancreatic cancer models

Introduction: Annamycin (ANN) is a non-cardiotoxic potent topoisomerase II poison that is structurally related to doxorubicin (Dox) but it displays significantly different biological properties. ANN is formulated in multilamellar liposomes to enable effective in vivo administration as L-ANN. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a major challenge and is the deadliest cancer in decades. Pancreas drug uptake and retention remains a significant factor contributing to the chemoresistance of PDAC. Additionally, drug resistance on a cellular level further limits the therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer patients. Based on unique biological properties, we select L-ANN for detailed characterization of anti-tumor potency in preclinical PDAC models. Objective: The objective of this study was to validate the L-ANN exceptional uptake in pancreatic cancer cells and tumors and explore its high pancreas uptake to target PDACs by assessing the efficacy of L-ANN in the preclinical mouse models. Methods: The uptake, cytotoxicity, and L-ANN-induced apoptosis were studied in human MDA-PATC50 and MDA-PATC53 cell lines. L-ANN pharmacokinetics and tissue-organ distribution were analyzed in CD-1 mice after bolus administration of L-ANN, ANN or DOX. Subcutaneous and orthotopic MDA-PATC50 and MDA-PATC53 mouse models were used to assess activity of L-ANN in vivo. Results: Fluorescent microscopy and FACS analysis showed significantly higher uptake of ANN in MDA-PATC50 and MDA-PATC53 when compared to DOX-treated cells. Interestingly, ANN displayed distinct subcellular distribution with predominantly cytosolic localization. Average IC50 of ANN or DOX treated MDA-PATC50 and MDA-PATC53 cells were 25.1 nM and 41.9 nM for ANN and 32.8 nM and 130.4 nM for DOX respectively (72h exposure). Biodistribution study showed rapid L-Ann absorption in the pancreas. The Cmax of L-Ann was 15-fold higher than Dox after administration of L-ANN or Dox (both at 4 mg/kg) in pancreatic tissue. The subcutaneous models demonstrated dose-dependent reduction in tumor volumes after 3 doses of L-Ann in both PDAC models. Additionally, efficacy of L-ANN was assessed in two orthotopic PDAC models. MRI confirmed tumor volume reduction in L-Ann 3 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg doses in MDA-PATC50 model (p Citation Format: Ya9an Kang, Rafal Zielinski, Roberto Cardenas Zuniga, Radjendirane Venugopal, Maria Poimenidou, Magdalena Remiszewski, Shaohua Peng, Edd Felix, Krzysztof Grela, Stanislaw Skora, Van N. Nguyen, Izabela Fokt, Waldemar Priebe. High uptake, retention, and in vivo activity of L-Annamycin in pancreatic cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-066.
Predicting Functional Capacity in Patients with a Systemic Right Ventricle: Subjective Patient Self‐assessment Is Better than B‐type Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Right Ventricular Systolic Function

Background Many adults with transposition of the great arteries have an anatomic right ventricle functioning as the systemic ventricle and are known to develop congestive heart failure, premature cardiac death, and need for cardiac transplantation. Predictors of poor clinical outcome and functional status in patients with left ventricular failure do not always apply to these patients. We aimed to identify predictors of poor functional status in those patients with a systemic right ventricle. Methods We performed a prospective study of 51 adults with transposition of the great arteries and systemic right ventricles. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected, and patients completed a Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Comparisons were made between those patients with d-type transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) who have undergone prior atrial switch and those with congenitally corrected transposition (ccTGA). A correlation analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor functional status, as determined by a 6-minute walk distance test. Results Median age was 30 years (range 19–65). Median B-type natriuretic peptide was 48 pg/mL (range 16–406). There were 27 patients (53%) with moderate-severe right ventricular dysfunction and 10 (20%) with moderate-severe tricuspid valve regurgitation. The median MLHFQ score was 9 (range 0–78) and 6-minute walk test was 510 m (range 231–703). Forty-one patients had a diagnosis of dTGA atrial switch and 11 patients had ccTGA. Patients with ccTGA were significantly older (40 vs. 28 years, P =.004) and had more tricuspid valve regurgitation (P =.02). Despite this, their MLHFQ scores were significantly lower (2.5 vs. 17, P =.04) and they walked further (635 vs. 504 m, P =.02). Predictors of a short 6-minute walk distance included short stature (P =.009) and dTGA (P =.002). The patient's self-assessment of poor health, as measured by an increased New York Heart Association class (P =.003) and a decreased MLHFQ score (P >.0001) also correlated. B-type natriuretic peptide levels, right ventricular dysfunction, severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation, need for pacemaker, and clinical signs of heart failure did not correlate with exercise tolerance. Conclusions Traditional parameters used to predict outcomes in patients with left ventricular failure are not predictive in patients with a systemic right ventricle. Instead, patient's self-assessment of functional status did correlate with objective functional status.
Optimum waveform design and clutter rejection processing for MIMO radar

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar has the capability to simultaneously transmit and receive multiple orthogonal waveforms to improve radar performances [1, 2]. The unique structure of MIMO radar, as shown in Fig.1, allows transmitting waveform and signal processing to be optimized to achieve a better radar performance in various areas. Multiple matched filters are used at the receiver for each antenna element to exclusively receive the waveforms transmitted by each element. It has been demonstrated that virtual transmitting and receiving beams can be formed to achieve an optimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in target detection, through digital signal processing at the receiver using arbitrary transmitting waveforms. The actual transmitting antenna beam can be optimized to minimize the radiation power in any direction (or all directions) to achieve a low probability of intercept (LPI) property, without degrading target detection performance. In previous work involving MIMO radar virtual beamforming systems, only SNR and white noise were considered for target detection performance evaluation. However, for some applications such as ground moving target detection, using airborne assets, ground clutter interference is a much more serious threat for reliable target detection. In this work, the MIMO system is further investigated for clutter rejection as well as waveform design for optimizing the actual radar radiation pattern.
Energy-dependent Release of Magnesium from Beef Heart Submitochondrial Particles

Abstract A reversible association of magnesium with beef heart submitochondrial particles was monitored with the use of the fluorescent chelate probe, chlorotetracycline, and direct measurement of the magnesium content of the membranes under various conditions. Addition of an oxidizable substrate, such as succinate, or ATP to the submitochondrial particles caused an energization of the membranes and the release of up to 50% of the magnesium from the particles. The release of magnesium was prevented by the addition of uncoupler, antimycin A, or malonate, each of which prevented the establishment of the energized state of the mitochondrial membranes. Following the energized release of magnesium from the particles, the addition of compounds leading to deenergization caused a rapid, nearly complete reassociation of magnesium with the membranes. Although energization of the submitochondrial particles was not dependent upon either a high level of membrane-associated magnesium or the actual release of magnesium from the membrane, the rapid release of magnesium was dependent upon the establishment of the high energy state. It was also apparent that the magnesium content of the membranes determined the amount of chlorotetracycline which was bound to the membrane, i.e. the greater the magnesium content, the greater the amount of chelate probe which was bound to the particles. The membrane-associated magnesium which was capable of being released from the particles upon energization was not accessible to polar chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but was accessible to the lipophilic chelator, o-phenanthroline. These studies suggest that the ratio of bound to free magnesium within the mitochondrion may be regulated by an energy-dependent, reversible association of magnesium with the mitochondrial membranes.
DNA replication control through interaction of E2F–RB and the origin recognition complex

The E2F transcription factor and retinoblastoma protein control cell-cycle progression and DNA replication during S phase. Mutations in the Drosophila dE2F1 and dDP genes affect the origin recognition complex (DmORC) and initiation of replication at the chorion gene replication origin. Here we show that mutants of Rbf (an retinoblastoma protein homologue) fail to limit DNA replication. We also show that the dDP, dE2F1 and Rbf proteins are located in a complex with DmORC, and that dE2F1 and DmORC are bound to the chorion origin of replication in vivo. Our results indicate that dE2F1 and Rbf function together at replication origins to limit DNA replication through interactions with DmORC.
Rural vs. non-rural differences and longitudinal bone changes by DXA and pQCT in men aged 20-66 years: A population-based study

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there were differences in estimated means and rates of change in BMC, bone area, BMD and measures of bone geometry among men (n=544) from three distinct populations (Hutterite [rural], rural non-Hutterite, non-rural), and whether activity levels or calcium intake explain these population differences. Men were enrolled in the South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study and followed for 7.5 years to estimate means and rates of change in bone mass, density, size and geometry. Femoral neck (FN) and spine measurements were obtained every 18 months by DXA and distal radius (4% and 20%) measurements by pQCT. Activity measurements and calcium intake were obtained quarterly for the first 3 years and at 54, 72, and 90 months. Rural men had greater percent time in moderate plus vigorous activity (mean ± SD: 22 ± 10 vs. 15 ± 8%, p<0.001) and greater lean mass (69 ± 9 vs. 66 ± 10 kg, p=0.05) than non-rural men. Both rural populations (Hutterite and rural men) had larger femoral neck (FN) bone area and greater 20% radius cross-sectional area than non-rural men ([least square means ± SE] FN area: 5.90 ± 0.02 and 5.86 ± 0.02 vs. 5.76 ± 0.03 cm(2), p<0.001 and p=0.03 respectively and cross-sectional area: 171.0 ±1.3 and 165.5 ± 1.5 vs. 150.3 ± 1.6mm(2), both p<0.001). Despite lower cortical vBMD in Hutterite and rural men compared to non-rural men (1182 ± 2 and 1187 ± 2 vs. 1192 ± 2 mm(2), p<0.001 and p=0.06 respectively), bone strength (pSSI) was greater (429 ± 5 and 422 ± 5 vs. 376 ± 6 mm(3), both p<0.001). The rates of change in femoral neck BMC and aBMD and trabecular vBMD also differed by rural lifestyle, with greater losses among non-rural men in their 20s and 60s compared to both Hutterite and rural populations (time-by-age-by-group interactions, both p<0.01). Physical activity was not found to be a potential mediator of population differences. Baseline calcium intake was associated with FN aBMD (p=0.04), and increases in calcium intake were associated with spine BMC (p=0.04) and inversely associated with cortical area (p=0.02). There was some evidence for mediation by either baseline calcium intake or changes in calcium intake over the study period, but the influence on population differences were negligible. We speculate that rural-non-rural differences in bone occur earlier in life or are a result of factors that have not yet been identified.
Kernel-representations and realizations of delay-differential systems

We investigate linear time-invariant delay-differential systems within the behavioral approach. A suitable ring of operators including polynomial delay differential operators with commensurate point-delays but also some specific distributed delay operators is introduced. Within this class of operators it is shown that ARMA systems do always admit a kernel representation. Furthermore, we characterize those operator matrices, which are realizable as a first-order system. In this case, the polynomial model of Fuhrmann (1981) is shown to be a realization in the behavioral sense.
The relaxational properties of compositionally disordered ABO3 perovskites

Random lattice disorder produced by chemical substitution in ABO3 perovskites can lead to the formation of dipolar impurities and defects that have a profound influence on the static and dynamic properties of these materials that are the prototypical soft ferroelectric (FE) mode systems. In these highly polarizable host lattices, dipolar entities form polar nanodomains whose size is determined by the dipolar correlation length, rc, of the host and that exhibit dielectric relaxation in an applied ac field. In the very dilute limit (< 0.1at.%) each domain behaves as a non-interacting dipolar entity with a single relaxation time. At higher concentrations of disorder, however, the domains can interact leading to more complex relaxational behaviour. Among the manifestations of such behaviour is the formation of a glass-like relaxor (R) state, or even an ordered FE state for a sufficiently high concentration of overlapping domains. After a brief discussion of the physics of random-site electric dipoles in dielectrics, this review begins with the simplest cases, namely the relaxational properties of substitutional impurities (e.g., Mn, Fe and Ca) in the quantum paraelectrics KTaO3 and SrTiO3. This is followed by discussions of the relaxational properties of Li-and Nb-doped KTaO3 and of the strong relaxors in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 and La-substituted PbZr1−xTixO3 families. Some emphasis will be on the roles of pressure and applied dc biasing electric fields in understanding the physics of these materials including the R-to-FE crossover.