cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomic orbitals, symmetry, and coordination polyhedra

Abstract The fundamental ideas on inorganic stereochemistry presented originally by Sidgwick and Powell in 1940 and developed subsequently by Gillespie and Nyholm in 1957 have expanded into a broad theoretical base for essentially all of coordination chemistry during the subsequent four decades. A key aspect of this work has been a detailed understanding of the topology, shape, and symmetry of all of the actual and plausible polyhedra found in coordination chemistry and the relationship of such properties of the relevant polyhedra to those of the available atomic orbitals of the central metal atom. This paper reviews the polyhedra for coordination numbers four through nine for the spherical nine-orbital sp 3 d 5 manifold commonly used in transition metal coordination chemistry as well as possibilities in coordination complexes having other spherical manifolds for the central atom including the four-orbital sp 3 manifold used by elements without energetically accessible d orbitals, the six-orbital sd 5 manifold used in some early transition metal alkyls and hydrides, and the thirteen-orbital sd 5 f 7 manifold used in actinide complexes.
Tastsysteme mit künstlichem Tastsinn wie beim menschlichen Finger

Dank unseres Tastsinns konnen wir die Oberflachentextur und Form von Gegenstanden erkennen und Objekte ergreifen. Fur die Herstellung einer elektronischen Haut, die fur humanoide Roboter oder fur die minimal-invasive und ferngesteuerte Chirurgie den Tastsinn bereitstellen soll, mussen sowohl die (passiven) mechanischen Eigenschaften der Dermis als auch die charakteristischen Merkmale ihres Fuhlmechanismus, besonders die digitale Funktion der Neuronen, nachgebildet werden. Dank des Einsatzes verschiedener Materialien und physikalischer Konzepte sind zwar erhebliche Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung einer elektronischen Haut zu verzeichnen, die Nachbildung des Tastsinns ist aber nach wie vor eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Vor kurzem wurde ein Nanosystem entwickelt, das eine ahnliche Tastauflosung wie ein menschlicher Finger aufweist; verglichen mit anderen Systemen mit einer Kontaktflache von uber 1 cm2 ist dies eine Verbesserung um mehr als eine Grosenordnung. Das neue System mit seinen robusten mechanischen Eigenschaften ist daher ein wichtiger Schritt hin zur Realisierung eines kunstlichen Tastsinns.
Facies identification from well logs: A comparison of discriminant analysis and naïve Bayes classifier

Abstract The performance of a naive Bayes classifier is compared with a well-established statistical classification approach, linear discriminant analysis, by considering core and log data from marine–eolian sediments. The results indicate that both methods perform adequately, and the Gaussian naive Bayes classifier provides estimates as good as those based on the linear discriminant analysis for the given data set. Quadratic discriminant analysis, a more conventional Bayesian analysis, and kernel-based density estimation methods perform unexpectedly poor, probably because of overfitting. We conclude that the normal distribution is appropriate to fit the distribution of log readings in the present data, and the simplifications of naive Bayes provide a robust, simple approach for facies identification.
Nonhysteretic Phenomena in the Metal–Semiconductor Phase-Transition Loop of $\hbox{VO}_{2}$ Films for Bolometric Sensor Applications

Hysteresis observed in the resistive semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in VO2 causes problems in bolometric readout, and thus is an obstacle in utilizing this strong phase transition in bolometric sensor applications. It is possible to avoid the unwanted hysteresis when operating in limited temperature ranges within the hysteresis loop of VO2. Nonhysteretic branches (NHB-s) traced in such limited temperature intervals turned out to have much higher temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) than VO2 at room temperature: while TCR at 25° C in VO2 is close to 3%, peak TCR values in NHB-s reach 6% in VO2 films on Si/SiO2 substrates and 21% in films on crystalline sapphire substrates. At the same time, the nanoscopic-scale mixture of semiconducting and metallic phases in VO2 within its hysteresis loop provides for partially shunted low resistivity, thus creating an unprecedented combination of record high semiconducting TCR and metal-like low resistance. This combination may benefit the uncooled focal plane array microbolometer IR visualization technology.
Pathogenicity Genes in Fungi

This paper focuses on research reported since the 1992 ISMPMI meeting that has attempted to identify pathogenicity genes in fungi. One category we discuss consists of those genes which encode known biochemical traits that historically have been “logical” candidates for functioning in pathogenicity. In addition, we present a summary of the results of some of the newer approaches to isolate pathogenicity genes that are independent of prior knowledge of the activities encoded by the gene. In this paper we do not consider genes whose absence is required for pathogenicity (ie. avirulence genes or genes which induce a non-specific hypersensitive response).
Pursuing Reconciliation in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Utopian or Realistic?

Reconciliation, far from being a utopian dream, is the most realistic course toward a resolution of the Israel-Palestine conflict. Four steps support this argument. First, the Christian vision of God reconciling all things is at the center of the Christian story and worthy of attention. Second, the research on reconciliation and politics suggests that the pursuit of reconciliation is Israel-Palestine would be possible.Third, reconciliation-based approaches actually provide a hopeful and more realistic approach to final status issues in the conflict when compared to other approaches. In conclusion, reconciliation-based approaches offer a distinctly Christian alternative that addresses root causes of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and deals with realities on the ground while providing realistic hope (however utopian-seeming at the moment) for possible resolution.
Women for President: Media Bias in Nine Campaigns by Erika Falk Carbondale: University of Illinois Press, 2010, 206 pp

(2010). Women for President: Media Bias in Nine Campaigns by Erika Falk Carbondale: University of Illinois Press, 2010, 206 pp. American Journalism: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 149-150.
Ultrasensitive electroanalytical tool for detecting, sizing, and evaluating the catalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles.

Here we describe a very simple, reliable, low-cost electrochemical approach to detect single nanoparticles (NPs) and evaluate NP size distributions and catalytic activity in a fast and reproducible manner. Single NPs are detected through an increase in current caused by electrocatalytic oxidation of N2H4 at the surface of the NP when it contacts a Hg-modified Pt ultramicroelectrode (Hg/Pt UME). Once the NP contacts the Hg/Pt UME, Hg poisons the Pt NP, deactivating the N2H4 oxidation reaction. Hence, the current response is a “spike” that decays to the background current level rather than a stepwise “staircase” response as previously described for a Au UME. The use of Hg as an electrode material has several quantitative advantages including suppression of the background current by 2 orders of magnitude over a Au UME, increased signal-to-noise ratio for detection of individual collisions, precise integration of current transients to determine charge passed and NP size, reduction of surface-induced NP aggreg...
Flow Control on the Ahmed Body Vehicle Model Using Fluidic Oscillators

Aerodynamic drag accounts for a sizable portion of transportation energy consumption. Transportation of goods and people always involves moving objects through air, which leads to a force opposing motion. This force can account for more than 60% of power consumed by a ground vehicle, such as a car or truck, at highway speeds. There is a wide range of drag coefficient seen on ground vehicles with a strong correlation to vehicle shape. The shape of the vehicle is often determined by functional necessity or aesthetics, which places a limit on vehicle aerodynamic improvements. It is desirable to increase the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle with little penalty to these design considerations, which leads to the investigation of active flow control methods. Active flow control methods can involve a type of air jet at critical locations on the vehicle shell and require little to no shape modification. The focus of this experimental study is drag reduction on an Ahmed body vehicle analogue using a variety of configurations involving fluidic oscillators to promote attachment and reduce wake size. A fluidic oscillator is a simple device that converts a steady pressure input into a spatially oscillating jet. This type of actuator may be more efficient at influencing the surrounding flow than a steady jet. The model was tested in the OSU subsonic wind tunnel. Changes in drag were measured using a load cell mounted within the vehicle model. Different flow visualization methods were used to characterize the flow structure changes behind the model. A 7% drag decrease was realized with the 25° spanwise oscillator array configuration, attributed to the reduction of the closed recirculation bubble size. Testing showed that attachment is promoted on high angle configurations with a Coanda surface and steady blowing however this led to a drag increase, possibly due to the formation of longitudinal vortices. This indicates that future methods may require vortex control in conjunction with separation control to achieve a net base pressure increase on the high angle configurations.© 2013 ASME
Hemocytopoietic organs in larvae of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis.

Tissues which evidently produce and release hemocytes in Diprion similis (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) were found at dorsal, ventral, and lateral sites. Dense clusters of hemocytes enclosed by a thin cellular sheath and often surrounded by large fat body cells were found in the head, thorax, and abdomen of larvae from the 2nd instar through the prepupal stage. The largest aggregates of clusters were found at the bases of the legs. The location of the clusters within various segments was constant in specimens observed. Numerous mitotic figures were visible within the clusters.
Modeling Long-term Criminal Careers: What Happened To the Variability?

The challenge for criminologists interested in studying change after the criminal career volume was fairly clear—create models that could capture the obvious heterogeneity that existed across the population, describe changes in offending over age, and capture the apparent intermittency in the data in offending frequency for individuals. In our review, we find that the current most commonly used models have, in fact, done a good job of capturing heterogeneity and describing changes in latent rates with age. However, there has been little apparent attention paid to the issue of intermittency, despite the prominence of the issue in the original criminal careers volume. This had led to an overall vision of change in the literature that has “smoothed out” or flattened the actual paths described in this research. In the example provided in this article, using administrative data from New York, we show that there appear to be uneven periods of time between arrests even for people with fixed number of arrests in ...
Study on occult hepatitis B virus infection of blood donors in Dongguan

Objective To study the present status and epidemiological characteristics of occult HBV infection in blood donors in Dongguan. In order to provide reference for disease prevention. Methods With retrospective investigation,nucleic acid testing( NAT) was used to analyze 49500 qualified blood samples from blood donors in Dongguan city from January 2006 to January2009 by Roche COBAS AmpliScreen systems; The follow-up research about NAT and ELISA was carried out on HBV NAT screening-positive crowd. Results A total of 21 positive pooling were screened from 49500 blood samples,two of them were negative after further test,and 19 positive samples were detected from the rest positive poolings. Four modes were obtained according to the follow-up results of NAT and ELISA,they were 1 NAT( +) ELISA( +) case,17 NAT( +) ELISA(-) cases,0 NAT(-) ELISA( +) case,1 NAT(-) ELISA(-) case; Infection factors were not analyzed because of small quantity of samples. Conclusion Occult hepatitis B showed low prevalence in blood donors and the epidemic intensity is obviously lower than the general population; Occult hepatitis B virus infection cannot be screened by the current blood screen pattern,so infection factors of occult hepatitis B need further study.
Application of the On-Line Measuring Technology on CNC Machine

ON-line measuring can increase the cutting precision and reduce the reject for CNC machine tools.Understanding the working peinciple and setup method of the on-line measuring is helpful for using it well.Through how to realize tool monitoring,We can learn the method of on-line measuring application.Then draw inferences about other cases from one instance.
Physiologic Changes Associated with Cerebellar Dystonia

Dystonia is a neurologic disorder characterized by sustained involuntary muscle contractions. Lesions responsible for unilateral secondary dystonia are confined to the putamen, caudate, globus pallidus, and thalamus. Dysfunction of these structures is suspected to play a role in both primary and secondary dystonia. Recent evidence has suggested that the cerebellum may play a role in the pathophysiology of dystonia. The role of the cerebellum in ataxia, a disorder of motor incoordination is well established. How may the cerebellum contribute to two apparently very different movement disorders? This review will discuss the idea of whether in some cases, ataxia and dystonia lie in the same clinical spectrum and whether graded perturbations in cerebellar function may explain a similar causative role for the cerebellum in these two different motor disorders. The review also proposes a model for cerebellar dystonia based on the available animal models of this disorder.
Commentary on the future of pathology practice in the United States

The rapidly changing climate of health care delivery threatens the traditional control pathologists have had over their profession. However, new opportunities have been created. The strength of articles such as those by Sodeman and Elevitch is found not only in their content, but also in the impetus they provide for continuing the forum for discussion of change of the profession's future role in our health care system.
The effect of hypertension, sodium, and race on isoproterenol sensitivity.

The heart rate response to isoproterenol is felt to be an index of beta receptor sensitivity. We studied this response in 55 normotensive and mildly hypertensive men on two dietary salt intakes (10 meq sodium per day, and 200 meq sodium per day). There was no relationship between receptor functioning and diagnosis of hypertension. Similarly, age, relative body weight, and resting plasma catecholamines were unrelated to the heart rate response to isoproterenol. There was however, a significant three-way interaction between race, diagnosis, and dietary salt. Black hypertensives fail to down regulate their beta receptors' response to isoproterenol in the face of a high salt challenge (p less than .006).
Foreign-born status as a predictor of engagement in HIV care in a large US metropolitan health system.

We sought to determine the linkage to and retention in HIV care after HIV diagnosis in foreign-born compared with US-born individuals. From a clinical data registry, we identified 619 patients aged ≥18 years with a new HIV diagnosis between 2000 and 2012. Timely linkage to care was the proportion of patients with an ICD-9 code for HIV infection (V08 or 042) associated with a primary care or infectious disease physician within 90 days of the index positive HIV test. Retention in HIV care was the presence of an HIV primary care visit in each 6-month period of the 24-month measurement period from the index HIV test. We used Cox regression analysis with adjustment for hypothesized confounders (age, gender, race/ethnicity, substance abuse, year, and location of HIV diagnosis). Foreign-born individuals comprised 36% (225/619) of the cohort. Index CD4 count was 225/µl (IQR 67-439/µl) in foreign-born compared with 328/µl (IQR 121-527/µl) in US-born individuals (p < .001). The proportion linked to care was 87% (196/225) in foreign-born compared with 77% (302/394) in US-born individuals (p = .002). The adjusted hazard ratio of linkage to HIV care in foreign-born compared with US-born individuals was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.56). Once linked, there was no difference in retention in care or virologic suppression at 24 months. These results show that despite late presentation to HIV care, foreign-born persons can subsequently engage in HIV care as well as US-born persons. Interventions that promote HIV screening in foreign-born persons are a promising way to improve outcomes in these populations.
Study on the surface topography considering grinding chatter based on dynamics and reliability

Surface grinding is always accompanied with chatter due to self-excited vibration. It often leads to an unexpected impact on the quality of the workpiece’s topography. However, the chatter is regarded as a harmonic vibration in most topography researches. This may lose preciseness when the relative vibration and the abrasive trajectory are taken into consideration. In order to study the relationship between the system’s dynamic characteristic and the workpiece’s topography, a two-DOF (degree of freedom) dynamic model with time-delay characteristic is established accordingly. Then, reliability analysis is introduced into chatter vibration by analyzing the fluctuations of dynamic parameters with two analysis methods, namely Monte Carlo (MC) and first-order second-moment (FOSM). With the above two reliability analysis methods, the calculations are carried out as follows: firstly, the non-Gaussian distribution of the grinding wheel based on Johnson Curves and filter techniques is established. Secondly, the results of the dynamic analysis are coupled into the grain trajectory equation. Thirdly, the influence of the wheel grinding parameters and dynamic parameters on the surface height is discussed by coupling the dynamic characteristics into the simulation model. Finally, the simulations and experiments are carried out on the impact of different feeding rates and sections on the workpiece to the surface heights. The comparisons verify the prediction of the simulation model. The obtained conclusions could be applied to optimize the workpiece’s topography by regulating the grinding parameters and dynamic parameters to weaken the chatter’s influence.
Moraxella atlantae keratitis presenting with an infectious ring ulcer

Abstract Purpose Moraxella atlantae is a rare pathogen. Keratitis from this organism has never been specifically reported or described. In this report we provide the first clinical description and photograph of Moraxella atlantae infectious keratitis. Observations A 41 year-old man presented with a three day history of left eye pain. He was found to have a corneal ring ulcer and infiltrate from which Moraxella atlantae was cultured. The patient was successfully treated with intensive topical gatifloxacin (0.5%) and fortified tobramycin (1.5%); oral doxycycline was added to reduce corneal thinning. The patient's infection resolved with a residual scar and final best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 OS. Conclusions and importance Moraxella atlantae can present as a ring-shaped infectious corneal infiltrate and ulcer. Ring infiltrates have been observed with other microorganisms, including several other gram negative bacteria and classically, acanthamoeba. Frequently presumed to be purely immunologic, corneal ring infiltrates can have a number of other etiologies, including infectious and toxic. There are different types of immunologic rings as well, making differentiation of corneal rings sometimes difficult for the ophthalmologic generalist and subspecialist alike. In this paper we discuss characteristics of various corneal ring infiltrates, along with their immune pathophysiology. Infectious rings are distinguished from immunologic Wessely rings.
Optimality and Duality Defined by the Concept of Tempered Fractional Univex Functions in Multi-Objective Optimization

In this paper, we purpose the concept of tempered Univex functions by utilizing a tempered fractional difference-differential operator type Caputo. This instruction indicates a new class of these functions in some optimal problems by exemplifying the settings on the modified formula. We call it the class of tempered fractional Univex functions. Our study is based on the strong, weak, converse, and strict converse duality propositions. A Multi-objective optimal problem includes the new process is disentangled.
Caregiver social support quality when interacting with cancer survivors: advancing the dual-process model of supportive communication

Cancer caregivers often experience significant challenges in their motivation and ability to comfort cancer survivors, particularly in a spousal or romantic context. Spousal cancer caregivers have been known to report even greater levels of burden and distress than cancer sufferers, yet still take on the role of acting as an informal caregiver so they can attend to their partner’s needs. The current study tested whether a theoretical model of supportive outcomes—the dual-process model of supportive communication—explained variations in cancer caregivers’ motivation and ability to create high-quality support messages. The study also tested whether participant engagement with reflective journaling on supportive acts was associated with increased motivation or ability to generate high-quality support messages. Based upon the dual-process model, we posited that, following supportive journaling tasks, caregivers of spouses currently managing a cancer experience would report greater motivation but also greater difficulty in generating high-quality support messages, while individuals caring for a patient in remission would report lower motivation but greater ability to create high-quality support messages. Findings provided support for these assertions and suggested that reflective journaling tasks might be a useful tool for improving remission caregivers’ ability to provide high-quality social support to survivors. Corresponding theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Competing dynamics: Analyzing market share in a duopoly

One of the main measures of success in business is a company’s market share, and understanding the cause and effect of various economic factors on market share is very important in the success of a...
Nascent Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Efficiently Generate Entirely iPSC-Derived Mice while Expressing Differentiation-Associated Genes

Summary The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to differentiate into all adult cell types makes them attractive for research and regenerative medicine; however, it remains unknown when and how this capacity is established. We characterized the acquisition of developmental pluripotency in a suitable reprogramming system to show that iPSCs prior to passaging become capable of generating all tissues upon injection into preimplantation embryos. The developmental potential of nascent iPSCs is comparable to or even surpasses that of established pluripotent cells. Further functional assays and genome-wide molecular analyses suggest that cells acquiring developmental pluripotency exhibit a unique combination of properties that distinguish them from canonical naive and primed pluripotency states. These include reduced clonal self-renewal potential and the elevated expression of differentiation-associated transcriptional regulators. Our observations close a gap in the understanding of induced pluripotency and provide an improved roadmap of cellular reprogramming with ramifications for the use of iPSCs.
Design of healthy hearts in the heartland (H3): A practice-randomized, comparative effectiveness study.

Abstract Background The Healthy Hearts in the Heartland (H3) study is part of a nationwide effort, EvidenceNOW, seeking to better understand the ability of small primary care practices to improve “ABCS” clinical quality measures: appropriate Aspirin therapy, Blood pressure control, Cholesterol management, and Smoking cessation. H3 aimed to assess feasibility of implementing Point-of-Care (POC) or POC plus Population Management (POC + PM) quality improvement (QI) strategies to improve ABCS at practices in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. We describe the design and randomization of the H3 study. Methods We conducted a two-arm (1:1, POC:POC + PM), practice-randomized, comparative effectiveness study in 226 primary care practices across four “waves” of randomization with a 12-month intervention period, followed by a six-month sustainability period. Randomization controlled imbalance in nine baseline variables through a modified constrained algorithm. Among others, we used initial, unverified estimates of baseline ABCS values. Results We randomized 112 and 114 practices to POC and POC + PM arms, respectively. Randomization ensured baseline comparability for all nine key variables, including the ABCS measures indicating proportion of patients at the practice level meeting each quality measure. Median(Inner Quartile Range) values were A: 0.78(0.66–0.86) in POC arm vs. 0.77(0.63–0.86) in POC + PM arm, B: 0.64(0.53–0.73) vs. 0.64(0.53–0.75), C: 0.78(0.63–0.86) vs. 0.75(0.64–0.81), S: 0.80(0.65–0.81) vs. 0.79(0.61–0.91). Discussion Surrogate estimates for the true ABCS at baseline coupled with the unique randomization logic achieved adequate baseline balance on these outcomes. Similar practice- or cluster-randomized trials may consider adaptations of this design. Final analyses on 12- and 18-month ABCS outcomes for the H3 study are forthcoming. Trial registration This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Initial post: 11/05/2015; identifier: NCT02598284 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02598284?term=NCT02598284&rank=1 ).
Thermal Properties of Food Materials

Food processing, preparation and storage in one way or the other requires addition or removal of energy from food materials or maintaining the temperature at a given level.
Correction to: Randomized prospective phase III trial of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT molecular imaging for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy planning [PSMA-SRT]

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that one of the author names was listed incorrectly.
Qß Virus-like particle-based vaccine induces robust immunity and protects against tauopathy

Tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases clinically characterized by cognitive decline and could be caused by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated pathological tau (pTau) as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside neurons. There is currently no FDA-approved treatment that cures, slows or prevents tauopathies. Current immunotherapy strategies targeting pTau have generated encouraging data but may pose concerns about scalability, affordability, and efficacy. Here, we engineered a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine in which tau peptide, phosphorylated at threonine 181, was linked at high valency to Qs bacteriophage VLPs (pT181-Qs). We demonstrate that vaccination with pT181-Qs is sufficient to induce a robust and long-lived anti-pT181 antibody response in the sera and the brains of both Non-Tg and rTg4510 mice. Only sera from pT181-Qs vaccinated mice are reactive to classical somatodendritic pTau in human FTD and AD post-mortem brain sections. Finally, we demonstrate that pT181-Qs vaccination reduces both soluble and insoluble species of hyperphosphorylated pTau in the hippocampus and cortex, avoids a Th1-mediated pro-inflammatory cell response, prevents hippocampal and corpus callosum atrophy and rescues cognitive dysfunction in a 4-month-old rTg4510 mouse model of FTD. These studies provide a valid scientific premise for the development of VLP-based immunotherapy to target pTau and potentially prevent Alzheimer’s diseases and related tauopathies. Tauopathies such as fronto-temporal dementia or Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated Tau (pTau) protein into pathogenic neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Kiran Bhaskar and colleagues at the University of New Mexico investigate the efficacy of an active vaccine approach in the treatment of rTg4510 mice—an aggressive model of tauopathy. Mice receive 3 intramuscular doses of a disease-relevant pTau peptide (pT181) multivalently conjugated to an immunostimulatory bacteriophage virus-like particle (pT181-Qs). Vaccination induces high titers of anti-pTau—stable to at least 20 weeks—that is also able to bind human disease samples, but importantly does not react to unphosphorylated physiological Tau protein. Antibody can enter the brain and bind both soluble and intraneuronal pTau. Vaccination of mice reduces brain NFT, pathology, indicators of neuroinflammation and improves cognitive function in two different models of memory.
Model-robust design of mixture experiments

Optimal designs are often used for constrained mixture experiments because of the irregular design spaces. For these experiments, the number of blends needed to fit standard linear models may be to...
Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Repair After Hours: Does It Influence Outcomes?

Background Time of day has been associated with adverse outcomes in certain surgical pathologies. Because acute type A aortic dissection typically mandates immediate repair, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential impact of the day–night timing of the operation itself. We sought to determine whether patients with acute dissection treated during typical working hours demonstrated a difference in outcomes compared with those who required surgery after hours. Methods We undertook a comprehensive review of our prospectively collected database from July 2014 to October 2018. A total of 164 consecutive patients underwent primary repair of an acute type A dissection. Based on the procedure start time, patients were divided into 2 groups: working hours (7 am to 4 pm , Monday to Friday; n = 60), and after hours (all other times, including weekends and holidays; n = 104). We propensity-matched 58 pairs of patients and analyzed perioperative data and short-term clinical outcomes. Results Thirty-day mortality for all 164 patients was 10.4% (17 deaths), which was not significantly different between the matched groups (working-hours: 8 deaths [13.8%] versus after hours: 4 deaths [6.9%]; P = .36). Perfusion, cross-clamp, and circulatory arrest times did not differ between groups, nor did the types of aortic repairs performed. Postoperative complications were also comparable, including stroke, reoperation for bleeding, and new-onset renal failure requiring dialysis. Conclusions Thirty-day mortality and major morbidity after acute type A dissection repair are independent of when the operation is performed. Expeditious surgical intervention is recommended for all primary acute type A dissection, irrespective of time of day.
The Courtade-Kumar Most Informative Boolean Function Conjecture and a Symmetrized Li-Médard Conjecture are Equivalent

We consider the Courtade-Kumar most informative Boolean function conjecture for balanced functions, as well as a conjecture by Li and Medard that dictatorship functions also maximize the Lα norm of T p f for 1 ≤ α ≤ 2 where T p is the noise operator and f is a balanced Boolean function. By using a result due to Laguerre from the 1880’s, we are able to bound how many times an Lα-norm related quantity can cross zero as a function of α, and show that these two conjectures are essentially equivalent.
Comparing mutation frequencies for homologous recombination genes in uterine serous and high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas: A case for homologous recombination deficiency testing in uterine serous carcinoma

Abstract Objective To compare the frequencies of somatic homologous recombination (HR) gene mutations identified in next-generation sequencing (NGS) genomic profiling of uterine serous carcinomas (USCs) and high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). Methods Data for this analysis was obtained from AACR Project GENIE, a multi-institutional dataset of clinical-grade NGS genomic profiling results for many cancer sites and histologic subtypes, through cBioPortal. Patient/specimen groups used for analysis were USC and HGSOC. 14 HR genes were queried for each group with respect to mutation frequency. For each HR gene, the difference in mutation frequency between the two groups was evaluated using Fisher's exact test. The threshold for statistical significance was p-value Results In the USC group, there were 457 samples from 451 patients. In the HGSOC group, there were 1537 samples from 1515 patients. The most frequently mutated HR gene for USC was BRCA2 (4.84%) and for HGSOC was BRCA1 (9.07%). Mutation frequency was significantly different between USC and HGSOC for BRCA 1 (p Conclusions Somatic HR gene mutations were commonly identified in NGS genomic profiling of USC. Mutation frequencies for non-BRCA HR genes were not significantly different between USC and HGSOC. These data add to the growing rationale for HR deficiency tumor testing and targeting (e.g., with PARP inhibitors) in future clinical trial development for women with USC.
Marietta Kies on idealism and good governance

This paper explores the political philosophy of Marietta Kies (1853–1899), a progressive-era thinker who gained recognition as both a professional academic philosopher and a public intellectual. Ki...
ΔSCF Dyson orbitals and pole strengths from natural ionization orbitals

The calculation of photoionization cross sections can play a key role in spectral assignments using modeling and simulation. In this work, we provide formal relationships between pole strengths, which are proportional to the photoionization cross section, and terms related to the natural ionization orbital model for ΔSCF calculations. A set of numerical calculations using the developed models is carried out. Pole strength values computed using the two approaches developed for ΔSCF calculations demonstrate excellent agreement with an electron propagator theory model.
Working Memory: How Much Is It Used in Natural Behavior?

Summary A new study suggests that visual working memory usage is interestingly low during a more naturalistic virtual reality paradigm, compared to capacity estimates from traditional lab studies. This raises new questions about the use of working memory in everyday tasks.
Training the 21st Century Healthcare Team: Maximizing Interprofessional Education Through Medical-Legal Partnership

For too long, many stakeholders in the health care delivery system have ignored the extent to which social determinants of health (SDH) are inextricably woven into and affect individual and population health. The health care system is undergoing a relatively rapid transformation, which has included in part an increasing recognition of SDH’s effects. This recognition, in turn, has led to renewed calls for changing the way that physicians are trained and has accelerated medical education curricular reforms. This Perspective focuses on one such innovative method of team-based care and the opportunities for its integration into medical education: medical–legal partnership, a health care delivery model that embeds civil legal services into the spectrum of health care services provided to low-income or otherwise vulnerable patients and communities.
Gunshot Fractures in Civilian Practice

1. The records of seventy-two patients with fractures resulting from civilian gunshot wounds were studied. 2. The majority of these patients were treated by superficial debridement and immobilization with satisfactory results. 3. Retained missiles in the hand or foot were often painful and required later excision. 4. The majority of patients did not receive antibiotics, and only two of the seventy-two patients had wound infections, neither of them serious. 3. The differences between civilian and military wounds should be emphasized, and a program of careful conservative management is advocated for the civilian.
The Belief Roadmap: Efficient Planning in Linear POMDPs by Factoring the Covariance

In this paper we address the problem of trajectory planning with imperfect state information. In many real-world domains, the position of a mobile agent cannot be known perfectly; instead, the agent maintains a probabilistic belief about its position. Planning in these domains requires computing the best trajectory through the space of possible beliefs. We show that planning in belief space can be done efficiently for linear Gaussian systems by using a factored form of the covariance matrix. This factored form allows several prediction and measurement steps to be combined into a single linear transfer function, leading to very efficient posterior belief prediction during planning. We give a belief-space variant of the Probabilistic Roadmap algorithm called the Belief Roadmap (BRM) and show that the BRM can compute plans substantially faster than conventional belief space planning. We also show performance results for planning a path across MIT campus without perfect localization.
Understanding the Second Amendment: A Five Page Synopsis

“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” These might be the most awkwardly assembled twenty-seven words in American political history. Much like reading James Joyce’s FINNEGANS WAKE or William Faulkner’s THE SOUND AND THE FURY, the Second Amendment takes repeated review to grasp even basic understanding. Though few teachers would accept such garbled prose from students, early Americas accepted this so-called sentence as part of our Bill of Rights -- the most important protections granted to states and individuals from federal government intrusion. Interpreting the meaning of these words has stirred fierce debate from which two primary positions evolved. The Individual Right Position holds that the Second Amendment protects the right of individuals to possess and use firearms (with some legislative oversight) for militia service as well as traditionally lawful reasons unrelated to militia service such as confrontation and self-defense. The Militia-Focused Position holds that the Second Amendment focuses on its opening clause and thereby prevents the federal government from disarming state militias in an attempt to wield power via a standing army. Under this position, individuals are allowed to possess and carry arms only in connection with militia service, which is subject to strong legislative limitations. This essay evaluates the text, history and judicial precedent surrounding the Second Amendment -- evidence generally accepted by both sides. The truth of which position best represents the amendment’s true purpose may well rest somewhere in the middle.
Statistical methods suitable for the analysis of plant tissue culture data

Statistical analyses are an essential part of biological research. Statistical methods are available to biological researchers that range from very simple to extremely complex. Therefore, caution should be used when selecting a statistical method. When possible it is best to avoid complicated statistical procedures that are difficult to interpret and may hinder the researcher's ability to make treatment comparisons. Instead a method should be chosen that compliments a logical and practical treatment design. Statistics should be used as a tool to compare treatments of interest and should not dictate the treatments. Experimental designs should take into account the eventual analysis, otherwise one could conceive of a design that could not be analyzed or, when analyzed, would not answer the desired questions. Therefore, time should be spent before conducting an experiment to plan an experimental design and analysis that best compliments the treatment scheme and questions to be answered. The purpose of this paper is to present examples of experimental designs, means separation procedures, data transformations and presentation methods suitable for plant cell and tissue culture data.
Q-T interval during active and inactive rheumatic fever.

The Q-Tc in 79 normal children ranging in age from 2 to 12 years was found to be 0.418 with a standard deviation of 0.016. The Q. Tc was studied in 208 children ranging in age from 3 to 13 years during active rheumatic fever and chorea. One hundred nineteen of these patients were subsequently followed in the cardiac clinics. The P-R interval was studied simultaneously, and observation were made in regard to the presence or absence of resultant organic heart disease. A significant number of patients showed prolongation of the Q-Tc value during the acute illness, far more so in those with rheumatic carditis than with polyarthritis or chorea alone. During the inactive phase, a number of patients maintained a prolonged Q-Tc value. The Q-Tc value in patients with rheumatic fever is an additional laboratory aid which may help in determining the presence of active carditis. The prolongation of the Q-Tc value in polyarthritis and in chorea in the absence of other clinical findings should suggest further observation for the possible presence of a mild carditis. However, in evaluating patients whose Q-Tc is above normal and in whom the presence of active carditis is otherwise questioned, consideration must be given to the fact that the Q-Tc has been found to exceed the upper limit of normal in some normal children. These findings show that, following active rheumatic fever, in some patients the Q-Tc value may remain prolonged over long periods of time in the absence of any manifest clinical activity or change in the cardiac status of the patient. Therefore it is the opinion of the authors that when careful evaluation over a period of time shows no other clinical or laboratory evidence of rheumatic activity, the sole finding of a Q-Tc remaining above normal range should not be considered as indicative of persistence of active carditis.
Translating Actions into Attitudes: An Identity-Analytic Approach to the Explanation of Social Conduct1

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the social character and functions of explanations of conduct. The identity-analytic theory that is presented in the chapter provides a basis for understanding when and why people's attributions and self-presentations sometimes appear personally biased, if not downright distorted, to the outside observer. The chapter focuses on changes or shifts in attitudes that occur following counter-attitudinal behaviors. Predicaments are discussed in the chapter wherein accounting, attitude change following counter-attitudinal behavior, acclamations, self-attention, identity images, and counterattitudinal behavior, and negative affect and attitude change are discussed. The chapter explores payments and predicaments, where it discusses about the enigma, the social meaning of payment, prior research on payments for counter-attitudinal behavior, manipulating illegitimacy, self-presentation and genuine attitude change, and identity analysis and dissonance theory.
Taxonomic Revision of the South African Grasshopper Genus Euloryma (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

ABSTRACT The South African flightless hemiacridine genus Euloryma is revised for the first time, with 21 new species described. The genus name Euloryma is a nomen novum, proposed because the genus Loryma Stal, 1878 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is a junior homonym of the genus Loryma Walker, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A detailed discussion of the rationale for this new name is provided. Species keys, a reference chart of species, extensive photography of external and internal morphology, and distribution maps are provided. Morphology figures labeled with internal and external terminology are included. Two provisional Euloryma species-groups are proposed: karoo species-group and the cederbergensis species-group. The majority of the karoo species-group members are found in succulent karoo biome, with one species in the grassland biome, whereas the majority of the cederbergensis species-group members are found in the fynbos biome. The new tribe name Dirshacrini is proposed, due to proposed changes in nomenclat...
Sorption of arsenate onto magnetic iron–manganese (Fe–Mn) biochar composites

Bimetal adsorbents attract much attention because of their good sorption ability to arsenate (As(V)). In this work, biochar-supported bimetal adsorbents were prepared through either direct pyrolysis of Fe and Mn ion treated pinewood biomass (FMM) or co-precipitation of Fe and Mn ions onto pinewood biochar (FMB). The two Fe–Mn biochar composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analyses. Characterization results suggest that maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and manganosite (MnO) are the dominant metal crystals in FMM, while manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) is the dominant bimetal crystal in FMB. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximal As(V) sorption of FMB and FMM was 3.44 and 0.50 g kg−1 respectively, which are higher than that of the unmodified biochar. As(V) sorption by FMM and FMB decreased with increasing solution pH (between 3–9). Results of this work suggest that co-precipitation is more effective in preparing magnetic Fe–Mn biochar composites for As(V) removal.
Acculturation and Violence in Minority Adolescents: A Review of the Empirical Literature

Although seminal reviews have been published on acculturation and mental health in adults and adolescents, far less is known about how acculturation influences adolescent interpersonal and self-directed violence. This article aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive review of research linking acculturation and violence behavior for adolescents of three minority populations: Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), and American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN). The preponderance of evidence from studies on Latino and A/PI youth indicate that higher levels of adolescent assimilation (i.e., measured by time in the United States, English language use, U.S. cultural involvement, or individualism scales) were a risk factor for youth violence. Ethnic group identity or culture-of-origin involvement appear to be cultural assets against youth violence with supporting evidence from studies on A/PI youth; however, more studies are needed on Latino and AI/AN youth. Although some evidence shows low acculturation or cultural marginality to be a risk factor for higher levels of fear, victimization, and being bullied, low acculturation also serves as a protective factor against dating violence victimization for Latino youth. An important emerging trend in both the Latino and, to a lesser extent, A/PI youth literature shows that the impact of acculturation processes on youth aggression and violence can be mediated by family dynamics. The literature on acculturation and self-directed violence is extremely limited and has conflicting results across the examined groups, with high acculturation being a risk factor for Latinos, low acculturation being a risk factor of A/PI youth, and acculturation-related variables being unrelated to suicidal behavior among AI/AN youth. Bicultural skills training as a youth violence and suicide prevention practice is discussed.