cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of academic skills of children diagnosed with ADHD.

Objective: This study investigates how the academic skills of children diagnosed with ADHD are perceived by teachers, parents, and the children themselves. Method: The authors analyze data collected for third graders in spring 2002 in the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey. They use linear regressions to estimate independent associations between perceptions of academic abilities and parent-reported ADHD diagnoses, controlling for scores on standardized reading and math tests, assessments of externalizing behaviors, and other factors. Results: Results show that for ADHD-diagnosed girls compared to other girls, both parents’ and teachers’ perceptions are substantially more negative. For ADHD-diagnosed boys, the differentials are also negative but less pronounced. Self-perceptions are not significantly different by ADHD status, except for boys’ more negative self-perceptions related to math. Conclusion: Given the potentially damaging effects of these negative perceptions and expectations on self-esteem, motivation, and performance, efforts may be needed to bring perceptions of ADHD children more in line with the abilities they demonstrate on objective assessments. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 10(4) 390-397)
Biology of the RANKL-RANK-OPG System in Immunity, Bone, and Beyond.

Discovery and characterization of the cytokine receptor-cytokine-decoy receptor triad formed by RANKL-RANK-OPG have led not only to immense advances in understanding the biology of bone homeostasis, but have also crystalized appreciation of the critical regulatory relationship that exists between bone and immunity, resulting in the emergence of the burgeoning field of osteoimmunology. RANKL-RANK-OPG are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor superfamilies, and share signaling characteristics common to many members of each. Developmentally regulated and cell-type specific expression patterns of each of these factors have revealed key regulatory functions for RANKL-RANK-OPG in bone homeostasis, organogenesis, immune tolerance and cancer. Successful efforts at designing and developing therapeutic agents targeting RANKL-RANK-OPG have been undertaken for osteoporosis, and additional efforts are underway for other conditions. In this review, we will summarize the basic biology of the RANKL-RANK-OPG system, relate its cell-type specific functions to system-wide mechanisms of development and homeostasis, and highlight emerging areas of interest for this cytokine group.
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF NEURODIAGNOSTIC TESTS

The benefits of advances in neurodiagnostic testing are plain to see. Quick and precise diagnoses enable early, appropriate treatments for patients. Even if timely diagnoses open no therapeutic windows, the information gleaned may enhance prognostication and counseling. Clinicians can be more efficient and productive when they have ready access to reliable tests performed by technicians or nonclinical specialists. And biomedical researchers can use newer technologies to systematically monitor effectiveness of experimental therapies and to gain insights into pathophysiology of disease. Against this roseate backdrop, it may seem overly downbeat to raise legal concerns. Yet these concerns are unavoidable. Some test methodologies are invasive and therefore potentially harmful. Others that are not physically dangerous may be misapplied or misinterpreted in ways that produce psychosocial or economic harms. In a legal system like ours that entitles injured persons to recover monetary damages from wrongdoers, claims for test-related harms are predictable. Claimants may assert that a test itself caused harm, either because of significant intrinsic danger or because it was carelessly conducted. Or they may assert that choice of a particular test was inappropriate, or that clinicians mishandled test data in detrimental ways. Legal second guessing of a decision to perform a particular test is improbable unless there is a plausible link between the test and an adverse outcome. Failure to order a brain computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a patient with a history of increasing headache, for example, will generate a plausible malpractice claim if the patient is later found to have a lesion that was treatable when the test allegedly should have been ordered. Other claims may allege negligent performance of a test itself, failure to obtain informed consent to testing, or negligent misapplication of data obtained through testing. This article briefly reviews legal issues that may arise with respect to neurodiagnostic testing. It focuses on applications of malpractice law. The considerable impact of the doctrine of informed consent also is explored. The article closes with a short exposition on ''enterprise liability,'' a concept that has special relevance to test-related claims arising in the framework of managed care.
Breaking through boundaries for organizational innovation: new managerial roles and practices in e-commerce firms

The information age presents complex opportunities and challenges for organizations, leading to the emergence of new managerial roles and practices. This research examined the influence of management diversity and creativity on the assessment of opportunities for e-commerce organizations, and on innovative internal and external managerial relationships and practices. Results from a sample of 120 CEOs of e-commerce firms revealed that opportunity assessment mediates the interactive effects of managerial diversity and creativity, influencing the adoption of innovative practices that focus on employee relationships, external networks, and new products and services. This research is one of the first empirical studies of managerial behavior in Internet organizations, and a suggested research agenda for this area of inquiry is presented.
Physiological and clinical outcome of anterior sphincteroplasty

A total of 55 women underwent sphincteroplasty for the treatment of faecal incontinence related to anterior defects. Patients were followed prospectively for a mean of 29 months to evaluate the outcome overall and according to age. All patients were evaluated clinically by means of a questionnaire and graded using an incontinence scoring system ranging from 0 (perfect continence) to 20 (complete incontinence). Some 52 patients (95 per cent) had had a previous vaginal delivery and 30 (55 per cent) had a history of previous anal sphincter repair. Physiological and functional parameters in patients with a successful outcome (n = 39) were compared with those in patients with a poor outcome (n = 16). The results were also compared in patients under (n = 39) and over (n = 16) 60 years of age. Overall, patients with a successful outcome had a significant change in mean and maximal resting and squeeze pressures. These changes correlated well with the increase in the high-pressure zone (HPZ) length from 1.0-2.2 cm (P = 0.0002) and with functional outcome (change in incontinence score from 15.3 to 5.8; P < 0.0001). In patients over 60 years of age, a significant change in mean squeeze pressure (P = 0.03) and HPZ length (P = 0.01) was noted and correlated with functional outcome (change in incontinence score from 14.3 to 6.4; P < 0.0001). A successful outcome after anterior sphincteroplasty is related to improvement in sphincter function even in an older population. These results demonstrate that age itself does not seem to be a predictor of poor outcome. Patients should not be denied a repair exclusively on grounds of age.
Derivatives of Ethylene

Over 100 billion lb of chemicals and polymers per year are made from ethylene, by far the most important organic chemical. Over 40% of all organic chemicals by volume are derived from ethylene. Unfortunately, we cannot describe the interesting chemistry and uses for all the important derivatives of ethylene. We will limit our detailed discussion to those chemicals made from ethylene that appear in the top 50, which amount to 8 important organic chemicals. These are listed in Table 9.1.
Glufosinate Rate and Timing for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Rhizomatous Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean

Field studies were conducted over a three-year period (2011, 2012, and 2013) in Louisiana to evaluate the effect of glufosinate rate and timing on glyphosate-resistant (GR) rhizomatous johnsongrass control in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Treatments included glufosinate (0.5, 0.6, or 0.7 kg ai ha−1) applied alone POST1 (46 cm tall johnsongrass) and sequentially 3 (POST2) or 4 (POST3) wk after POST1 at 0.5 or 0.6 kg ha−1. Glufosinate (0.7 kg ha−1) applied POST1 controlled johnsongrass 77% at soybean harvest. Averaged across sequential application rate, delaying the sequential application from POST2 to POST3 increased control from 65 to 78% at harvest. Increasing sequential application rate from 0.5 to 0.6 kg ha−1 reduced johnsongrass heights 15% at harvest. Furthermore, delaying the sequential application from POST2 to POST3 reduced GR rhizomatous johnsongrass heights to 63% of the nontreated at harvest. Soybean yields were maximized following the POST1 application of glufosinate at 0.7 kg ha−1 (2670 kg ha−1) and by applying 0.6 kg ha−1 of glufosinate sequentially (2620 kg ha−1), regardless of sequential application timing. Maximum control and soybean yield were observed following glufosinate POST1 at 0.7 kg ha−1 followed by 0.6 kg ha−1 at POST3. This data indicates that glufosinate is an option for management of GR rhizomatous johnsongrass.
Theoretical Prediction of Metastable Intermediates in the Decomposition of Mg(BH4)2

We have studied the decomposition pathway and products of Mg-borohydride using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of free energy (including vibrational contributions) in conjunction with ...
Rabbinic Reflections on the Barren Wife

A study of rabbinic legal rulings concerning the barren wife reveals the subordinate place of women in rabbinic Judaism's systematic vision of an ideal reality. Yet at the same time, aggadic texts demonstrate that demands of necessity and compassion often prevailed over halachic prescription, illuminating the rift which not infrequently separated rabbinic theory and actual practice. Moreover, a review of aggadic reflections on barren women also yields suggestive insights into the dilemma of suffering, and the efficacy of prayer, as well as examples of the ways in which biblical models could become paradigms and symbols of empowerment in women's lives.
Corn Distillers Dried Grains as Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Warp Sizing Agents

Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were used as sustainable and environmentally friendly warp sizing agents for cotton, polyester, and polyester/cotton (P/C) in an effort to find potential substitutes for starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Sizing is an essential textile process to reduce warp breakages and protect the yarns from the stress, strain, and abrasion experienced during weaving. Starch-based sizes are inexpensive and provide good sizing performance on cotton, but starch sizes are brittle and cause shedding during weaving, are unstable and difficult to desize, and are also not suitable for sizing synthetic fibers and their blends. PVA provides excellent sizing performance on synthetic fibers and their blends but is expensive and does not degrade in textile effluent treatment plants. DDGS is a widely available and inexpensive ($100–$125/ton) coproduct that contains proteins and carbohydrates. In this research, DDGS was pretreated with alkali, and the extractants obtained were use...
Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photon Detectors

In the previous two chapters, the basic concept of photodetectors and examples for photon detector families were briefly described. Among the currently developing technologies, the only three that take advantages of low dimensional properties of quantum mechanics include: Type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors, the quantum well intersubband photodetectors and the quantum dot infrared photodetector.
Restoring motor function with bidirectional neural interfaces

Abstract Closed-loop brain–computer interfaces have bidirectional connections that allow activity-dependent stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, or muscles. Such bidirectional brain–computer interfaces (BBCI) have three major applications that can be used to restore lost motor function. First, the brain could learn to incorporate a long-term artificial recurrent connection into normal behavior, exploiting the brain's ability to adapt to consistent sensorimotor conditions. The obvious clinical application for restoring motor function is to use an artificial recurrent connection to bridge a lost biological connection. Second, activity-dependent stimulation can generate synaptic plasticity on the cellular level. The corresponding clinical application is to strengthen weakened neural connections, such as occur in stroke. A third application involves delivery of activity-dependent deep brain stimulation at subcortical reward sites, which can operantly reinforce the activity that generates the stimulation. The BBCI paradigm has numerous specific applications, depending on the source of the signals and the stimulated targets.
Recent Advancements in Nanobioassays and Nanobiosensors for Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Detection

Bacterial pathogens are one of the leading causes of food safety incidents and product recalls worldwide. Timely detection and identification of microbial contamination in agricultural and food products is crucial for disease prevention and outbreak investigation. In efforts to improve and/or replace time-consuming and laborious "gold standards" for pathogen detection, numerous alternative rapid methods have been proposed in the past 15 years, with a trend toward incorporating nanotechnology and nanomaterials in food pathogen detection. This article is a review of the use of nanotechnology in various detection and sample preparation techniques and advancements in nanotechnology applications in food matrices. Some practical considerations in nanobioassay design are discussed, and the gaps between research status quo and market demands are identified.
An analysis of image segmentation time in beam's-eye-view treatment planning

Abstract In this work we tabulate and histogram the image segmentation time for beam’s eye view (BEV) treatment planning in our center. The average time needed to generate contours on CT images delineating normal structures and treatment target volumes is calculated using a data base containing over 500 patients’ BEV plans. The average number of contours and total image segmentation time needed for BEV plans in three common treatment sites, namely, head/neck, lung/chest, and prostate, were estimated.
Ventricular fibrillation with intracoronary adenosine during fractional flow reserve assessment.

Abstract Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement provides useful hemodynamic assessment of intermediate coronary stenoses affecting long term outcomes. While the gold standard remains intravenous adenosine, intracoronary (IC) bolus administration of adenosine is routinely used in clinical practice because of its ease of use and lower dose providing comparative hyperemia with the most common side effect being a transient atrioventricular block. A 62 year old male underwent left heart catheterization after ruling in for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) showed an old left bundle branch block and T-wave inversions in lateral leads (QTc 494 ms) with no significant electrolyte abnormalities. Coronary angiography revealed an intermediate lesion in mid left anterior descending coronary artery. FFR assessment with IC adenosine (24 μg/mL of normal saline) was performed inducing ventricular fibrillation (VF). He was successfully defibrillated with a single 200 J shock and no further arrhythmias were noticed during rest of his hospital stay.
Why Boiling Water

The initial US reactor development program was led by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), the US Navy, and several major corporate organizations (GE, Westinghouse, and others). Together, these agencies produced the PWR reactors after they helped transition the US Navy submarine force from diesel-electric boats to nuclear powered entities. The technology developed during this time also set the stage for post-war commercial nuclear power plants. The BWR reactor advanced through various development stages at Argonne and in its early semicommercial operations at various sites throughout the US. Ultimately, the BWR became the second most popular reactor style in the US and the world.
Knowledge-independent Invariance Rules for Copula Duration in Dungflies

In dung flies, copula duration \((\bar t)\) decreases, and the proportional rate of sperm transfer \((\bar c)\) increases, as male body size becomes larger. From a marginal value approach to optimal copula duration, we show that these relationships result in the product, \(\bar c \cdot \bar t\), remaining approximately constant across the range of male body size. The expected proportion of a female's eggs fertilized by a copulating male, equivalent to 〈1 − e−c·t〉, is likewise invariant with male body size. (Overbars and 〈 〉 refer to the averages over female sizes). We assume that the information or cues a male can perceive about females forms a set of discrete “recognition categories”, each of which is uniquely recognizable by a male, but within which he cannot discriminate. There are then likely to be different male optima for the product \(\bar c \cdot \bar t\) between categories. But the invariance rules still hold within categories, independently of exactly what the recognition categories are, provided that all males perceive the same categories. For example, suppose that males of all sizes categorise females as either 'large', 'medium', or 'small'. Then though the optimal male strategy (product \(\bar c \cdot \bar t\)) for (say) 'large' females may differ from the corresponding optima for the other two categories, it remains constant with male size across all the 'large' females. Further, the product \(\bar c \cdot \bar t\) should remain constant for all male sizes if we take the average across all females, or across any subset of recognition categories. We believe that these conclusions have general applicability and implications for optimal foraging under the marginal value theorem, and demonstrates how we can sometimes make predictions (e.g. the relation between copula duration and male body size in dungflies) without determining exactly what a forager 'knows'.
Studies of Language and Schizophrenia in the USSR

Psychiatry in the Soviet Union has the status of a branch of medicine and most of the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative work is carried out in local dispensaries serving populations between 300,000 and 400,000 persons (Rome, 1979). There are numerous mental hospitals in the USSR. Schizophrenia is one of the major psychiatric problems, but there is considerable theoretical divergence between the Moscow school, which uses very broad diagnostic categories, and the Leningrad school, with its emphasis on specific and more limited syndromes. Theoretical interest in the language and communication problems of schizophrenic patients is much more common among psychologists than among psychiatrists, who tend to regard the disease as an organic disorder with an inherited predisposition, triggered off by environmental stress. Many theories about schizophrenia that have been popularized in the West, especially those stemming from psychoanalysis, are either poorly understood or rejected in the Soviet Union. In terms of an international view, coexistence between a typically Russian psychological theory (that of Lev S. Vygotsky, 1896–1932) and a typically American one (that of Harry S. Sullivan, 1892–1949) can be found only in the pre-World War II psychiatric literature (Kasanin, 1954).
Structure and Mechanism of Argonaute Proteins

Abstract RNA silencing refers to a group of widespread gene-regulatory pathways rooted in many facets of eukaryotic biology, including brain development, stem-cell and germ-line maintenance, and cancer progression. At the molecular level, RNA-silencing pathways, such as the RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways, are mediated by a specialized family of RNA-binding proteins named Argonaute. Argonaute proteins are uniquely capable of binding small regulatory RNAs and using the encoded sequence information to locate and silence complementary target RNAs. The versatility and power of RNA silencing arises from the fact that Argonaute can be loaded with a small RNA of any sequence and thus can be programmed to target essentially any RNA for silencing. Here, we review current understanding of Argonaute proteins in terms of molecular structure, function, and mechanism.
Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in surgical disorders

Abstract The importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease has led to interest in developing methods to modify it. Probiotics administration and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are two such approaches that can alter the gut microbiota, potentially offering health benefits by blocking gut colonization by pathogenic organisms and preventing a maladaptive immune response. Both methods have been studied in a variety of settings relevant to colorectal surgeons, including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Clostridium difficile colitis, and surgical site infections. However, both therapies offer risks and benefits in surgical patients. Probiotics allow for targeted alterations of the microbiome, but lingering questions remain regarding strain selection. FMT offers to more completely restore the healthy gut microbial ecosystem but it is difficult to study in animals and to determine its precise mechanism of action. Standardizing study methodologies and using modern molecular and genetic techniques to elucidate the mechanisms of action will be needed to determine the role of probiotic administration and FMT in treating or preventing complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Sovereignty's Continuing Importance? Traces of Trail Smelter in the International Law Governing Hazardous Waste Transport

The Trail Smelter arbitration occupies an ambiguous place in history. Many commentators argue that the Trail Smelter arbitration has limited modern applicability because many of the world's environmental problems no longer fit into the Trail Smelter's traditional conception of transboundary pollution. States and other actors have turned away from resolving environmental disputes through adjudication, and instead have created elaborate regulatory regimes designed to address environmental concerns. The troubling aspects of the Trail Smelter arbitration, which appear to endorse a right to pollute, have been forgotten. For many commentators then, the basic teachings of the Trail Smelter arbitration are of marginal relevance to modern international environmental law. But these commentators underestimate the Trail Smelter arbitration's continuing importance: at least in-so-far as the case reflects how solutions to international environmental problems are tied to preserving state sovereignty. Notwithstanding its development and growing importance, international environmental law has, in many ways, departed little from the basic legal principles that were articulated in the Trail Smelter arbitration. One poignant example, on which this Chapter focuses, is the international law governing the transboundary movement and disposal of hazardous waste. Although that law is certainly different, both substantively and procedurally, from the rules applied in the Trail Smelter arbitration, the principles framing the international law regulating the transportation of hazardous waste reflect the Trail Smelter's legacy and show how its notion of state sovereignty, for good or bad, continues to be important. While the Trail Smelter arbitration and the international hazardous waste laws both demonstrate a continuing recognition of the importance of territorial integrity, they also reveal the willingness of states to transfer some control to the international system to paradoxically protect sovereignty. This essay explores the influences the Trail Smelter arbitration has had on the international law governing hazardous waste transport (i.e. the Basel Convention). It will appear as a chapter in TRANSBOUNDARY HARMS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: LESSONS FROM THE TRAIL SMELTER ARBITRATION (Rebecca Bratspies & Russell Miller eds., forthcoming).
Substance Use and Psychological Distress Before and After the Military to Civilian Transition.

Background Those currently serving in the military constitute a vulnerable population given their high-risk status for substance use, and population data suggest that veterans continue to engage in significant substance use long after their military service ends. Recent research suggests that the separation transition from active duty to civilian life may be critical in terms of the future functioning of the veteran. Methods We sought to explore substance use prevalence, as well as potential emotional distress among veterans by retrospectively assessing substance use during active duty and following separation to examine possible changes in use over this period. This study assessed substance use and emotional distress in veterans (N = 80; 90% male) across the military to civilian transition. Findings Repeated measures tests indicated that endorsement of alcohol use, cigarette use, and prescription drug misuse was similar during active duty and post-separation, and marijuana and hard drug use endorsement increased significantly in the 6-mo period post-separation. Further, comorbid use of different substances was common. Active duty levels of anxiety/depression and aggressive feelings were maintained from active duty to post-separation, and feeling alone and military-based trauma symptoms increased significantly. Finally, participants indicated that only a minority of the veterans they knew were doing emotionally well or did not have alcohol/substance use issues. Discussion These findings indicate a clear need for substance use and psychological intervention availability before and after transition to enable veterans to transition to civilian life effectively. Based on the many issues at work during the transition process, programs may do well to focus more specifically on identification of problems and raising awareness, rather than awaiting more severe issues in the future. Validation of the difficulties of the separation transition, veterans' feelings of isolation, and the importance of veteran community support may help newly transitioning veterans find advocates who may help them navigate existing assistance programs.
Sexual Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy and the Use of PDE-5 Inhibitors

Prostate cancer and its treatment invoke the fear of “castration” and death in many men. Every man has heard of notable men with prostate cancer (Table 1).
Chevalley-Crumeyrolle Spinors in McKane-Parisi-Sourlas Theorem

We present the Dirac propagator constructed as a directed random walk on a sphere, for Chevalley-Crumeyrolle spinors. The resulting Green function is used, in the framework of a supersymmetric (SUSY) algebraic valued field theory, to represent fermionic and bosonic interactions. This algebraic approach is compared with some other formulations of the problem.
Fidelity Versus Adaptation

Implementation science is an emerging field of study (Kilbourne, Williams, Bauer, & Arean, 2012). NIMH defines implementation as “use of strategies to adopt and integrate evidence-based health interventions and change practice patterns within specific settings.” Implementing evidence-based preventive programming in schools includes selecting effective preventive interventions and implementing them in the same way they were designed by the researchers who originally developed the program (Sanetti, Gritter, & Dobey, 2011). When a prevention program is implemented in a school, past practice indicates that it may or may not be successful. It is only when practitioners determine whether or not a program or preventive intervention has been implemented very much as the developers of the program intended can they have any confidence at all in whether or not they will get the same results as the original studies which determined that the program was effective in the first place.
Compact perturbative expressions for oscillations with sterile neutrinos in matter

We extend a simple and compact method for calculating the three-flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities in uniform matter density to schemes with sterile neutrinos, with favorable features inherited. The only constraint of the extended method is that the scale of the matter potential is not significantly larger than the atmospheric $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}^{2}$, which is satisfied by all the running and proposed accelerator oscillation experiments. Degeneracies of the zeroth order eigensystem around solar and atmospheric resonances are resolved. Corrections to the zeroth order results are restricted to no larger than the ratio of the solar to the atmospheric $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}^{2}$. The zeroth order expressions are exact in vacuum because all the higher order corrections vanish when the matter potential equals zero. Also, because all the corrections are continuous functions of matter potential, the zeroth order precision is much better than $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}^{2}/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{\mathrm{atm}}^{2}$ for the weak matter effect. Numerical tests are presented to verify the theoretical predictions of the exceptional features. Precision and speed comparisons with previous $3+1$ methods are performed. Moreover, possible applications of the method in experiments to check the existence of sterile neutrinos are discussed.
When the cancer researcher becomes the patient.

Cancer research is driven by the need for improving the lives of patients with cancer. A cancer scientist’s attention can be absorbed by the daily challenges of experimental research, running a lab and securing funding. Hearing about the patient’s experience can serve as a powerful reminder of the reason and urgency for doing this work — and the experience of being a patient can change a scientist’s approach to cancer research on a broader scale. In this Comment, the author, a cancer researcher and breast cancer survivor, discusses her experience as a patient with cancer and how it influenced her approach to research.
Three Multilingual Dynamics of Indigenous Language Use that Challenge Standardized Linguistic Assessment

ABSTRACTGlobal efforts for standards-based linguistic assessment increasingly hold that examinees should be tested in the language with which they are most familiar. Yet, language use still occurs ...
Passion and Paternity: Debates About Fictional Fathers

The Greek romance of Stratonice and Antiochus is a story of love between a young stepmother and her stepson. According to Plutarch and other classical writers, this love story has a happy ending because of the great generosity and affection of Seleucus, Antiochus’s father, who divorces his wife and allows her to marry his son. Representations of this story are popular in both images and written texts in fifteenth-century Tuscany. Bruni even translates the tale into the vernacular and pairs it with a Latin translation of Boccaccio’s tale of Tancred and Ghismonda in a dialogue, which focuses on whether affection or honor should guide a householder’s decisions as a father and a leader. The fifteenth-century representations of the Greek story highlight the son’s passion and the father’s empathy for those strong feelings, emphasizing the recognition and validation of emotion as an important strategy for householders to protect both their families and the community’s stability. They also promote the notion that patriarchs in the Italian mercantile hierarchies needed to present themselves as charitable men who focused on the material (including their progeny), rather than on abstract ideals, for the benefit of the common good.
IL-1-dependent electrophysiological changes and cardiac neural remodeling in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease vasculitis

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. In addition to coronary artery abnormalities, aneurysms and myocarditis, acute KD is also associated with echocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in 40-80% of patients. Here, we show that these ECG changes are recapitulated in the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE)-induced KD vasculitis mouse model. LCWE-injected mice developed elevated heart rate and decreased R wave amplitude, with significant differences in prolonged ventricular repolarization. LCWE-injected mice developed cardiac ganglion inflammation, that may affect the impulse-conducting system in the myocardium. Furthermore, serum nerve growth factor (NGF) was significantly elevated in LCWE-injected mice, similar to children with KD vasculitis, associated with increased neural remodeling of the myocardium. ECG abnormalities were prevented by blocking interleukin (IL)-1 signaling with anakinra, and the increase in serum NGF and cardiac neural remodeling were similarly blocked in Il1r1-/- mice and in wild-type mice treated with anakinra. Thus, similar to clinical KD, the LCWE-induced KD vasculitis mouse model also exhibits electrophysiological abnormalities and cardiac neuronal remodeling, and these changes can be prevented by blocking IL-1 signaling. These data support the acceleration of anti-IL-1 therapy trials to benefit KD patients.
Suprachoroidal hemorrhage after micropulse cyclophotocoagulation diode therapy.

Abstract Purpose To describe the diagnosis and management of a patient with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) who developed suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) after micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (MPCPC) therapy. Observations A 77 year-old Caucasian man with end-stage POAG and multiple medical comorbidities including coronary artery disease on anticoagulation presented with 2 days of episodic, severe left eye pain 2 weeks after undergoing MPCPC diode in the left eye. His visual acuity was count fingers at 2 feet and his intraocular pressure (IOP) was 44. He had a shallow anterior chamber that was open to trabecular meshwork on gonioscopy. His dilated fundus exam showed large, dome-shaped hemorrhagic choroidals, which were confirmed on ultrasound. He was medically managed with analgesics, cycloplegics, topical steroids and IOP lowering medications. He was closely followed with serial b-scans and the SCH decreased in size without surgical intervention, however, his visual acuity did not improve from presentation. Conclusions and importance MPCPC diode has been increasingly used in refractory glaucoma and is considered to be a relatively safe procedure. Suprachoroidal hemorrhage has not yet been reported after MPCPC diode. This case demonstrates how devastating complications such as SCH can still occur with lower energy CPC therapy especially in the setting of post-procedural hypotony, and emphasizes the importance of prevention especially in high-risk patients.
Do most premature babies get discharged by the expected date of delivery

To compare the length of stay (LOS) against the expected date of delivery (EDD) and to describe mortality and LOS outcomes by gestational age (GA) categories over the years. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient database discharge records for years 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2016 were analyzed. For premature infants after inclusion–exclusion, actual, and calculated LOS were compared. Mortality and LOS outcomes were analyzed by GA and years. The majority (99%) of infants >28 weeks were discharged by EDD while, for neonate ≤28 weeks, about three-quarters (75%) of infants were discharged by calculated EDD. LOS is increasing while mortality is decreasing by GA categories in recent years. This is the largest study of mortality and LOS in the United States. Our study provides evidence-based numbers comparing actual LOS against EDD, which can be used in perinatal settings to counsel parents.
HIV-1 Uncoating and Nuclear Import Precede the Completion of Reverse Transcription in Cell Lines and in Primary Macrophages

An assembly of capsid proteins (CA) form the mature viral core enclosing the HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein complex. Discrepant findings have been reported regarding the cellular sites and the extent of core disassembly (uncoating) in infected cells. Here, we combined single-virus imaging and time-of-drug-addition assays to elucidate the kinetic relationship between uncoating, reverse transcription, and nuclear import of HIV-1 complexes in cell lines and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). By using cyclophilin A-DsRed (CDR) as a marker for CA, we show that, in contrast to TZM-bl cells, early cytoplasmic uncoating (loss of CDR) is limited in MDMs and is correlated with the efficiency of reverse transcription. However, we find that reverse transcription is dispensable for HIV-1 nuclear import, which progressed through an uncoating step at the nuclear pore. Comparison of the kinetics of nuclear import and the virus escape from inhibitors targeting distinct steps of infection, as well as direct quantification of viral DNA synthesis, revealed that reverse transcription is completed after nuclear import of HIV-1 complexes. Collectively, these results suggest that reverse transcription is dispensable for the uncoating step at the nuclear pore and that vDNA synthesis is completed in the nucleus of unrelated target cells.
Community Connect: A Mock Social Media Platform to Study Online Behavior

We present Community Connect, a custom social media platform for conducting controlled experiments of human behavior. The key distinguishing factor of Community Connect is the ability to control the visibility of user posts based on the groups they belong to, allowing careful and controlled investigation into how information propagates through a social network. We release this platform as a resource to the broader community, to facilitate research on data collected through controlled experiments on social networks.
Risk of pregnancy loss before 20 weeks' gestation in study participants with COVID-19.

Objective Many studies have evaluated birth outcomes with COVID-19, but there has been less attention paid to the risk of early pregnancy loss, despite the known association of miscarriage with viral infection.1 The current literature is limited by small numbers of cases, a focus on inpatients, and lack of longitudinal follow-up.2-5 These studies have primarily been conducted in Europe and Asia which limits generalizability to a diverse US population with unique patient characteristics. To address this evidence gap, we present data on a cohort of U.S. women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy to help inform clinical practice. Study Design PRIORITY is an ongoing nationwide prospective cohort study of COVID-19 during pregnancy in the U.S. Participants are ≥ 13 years, under investigation for or had confirmed COVID-19 defined as positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, enrolled from March-October 2020. For this analysis, we selected participants who enrolled at Results Among the 1,338 PRIORITY participants, 109 comprise the analysis set who enrolled at In the COVID-19 positive group, 6/94 (6.4%, 95% CI 2.4%-13.4%) had EPL compared with 1/15 in the COVID-19 negative group (6.7%, 95% CI 0.1%-31.9%). In the COVID-19 positive group, 5 EPLs occurred at 7-12 weeks and one at 15 weeks. In a subgroup analysis of 34 COVID-19 positive participants enrolled at 24 weeks. Conclusion In this nationwide study of pregnant people in the U.S., the risk of pregnancy loss at
Perspective on CFD/CSD-Based Computational Aeroelasticity during 1977–2020

AbstractA perspective on CFD/CSD-based time accurate computational aeroelasticity (CCA) is presented by a researcher who has been actively pursuing this research area since its beginning in late 70...
Review--Within our Grasp: Childhood Malnutrition Worldwide and the Revolution Taking Place to End it

Sharman Apt Russell’s book takes us on a tour of severe malnutrition worldwide and the responses to it. Her tour includes many side trips, helping readers to see the multifaceted nature of the problem.
Untangling SESTA/FOSTA: How the Internet's 'Knowledge' Threatens Anti-Sex Trafficking Law

This Note discusses the history and text of the Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2018 (SESTA/FOSTA), which creates new criminal and civil liability for interactive computer services (ICSs) involved in the facilitation of sex trafficking on the Internet. Most significantly for the purposes of this Note, SESTA/FOSTA interjects a “knowledge” standard in the existing sex trafficking statute. This Note asserts that this knowledge standard muddles the existing sex trafficking statute, concluding that courts should draw on other areas of the law as well as real-world ICS practices in defining ICS knowledge of user-posted, sex trafficking-related content.
Survival of recombinant erythropoietin in the circulation: the role of carbohydrates.

Recombinant human erythropoietin produced in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells is glycosylated much the same way as the erythropoietin present in human urine. To determine the role of carbohydrates in the stability of recombinant human erythropoietin in vivo, [125I]-labeled recombinant erythropoietin was intravenously infused into rats. The erythropoietin was slowly cleared from the blood with a half-life of approximately two hours. Asialoerythropoietin, which was produced by treatment of recombinant human erythropoietin with sialidase, was found to be cleared rapidly from circulation within ten minutes. These data suggest that the galactose binding protein of hepatic cells is involved in the clearance of asialoerythropoietin. Erythropoietin also contains N-glycans with a few N-acetyllactosamine repeats, which can be enriched by tomato lectin affinity chromatography. The lectin-bound fraction was cleared to a larger extent than was the unfractionated erythropoietin, while the component that did not bind the lectin was found to be stable in the circulation. Authentic N-acetyllactosamine repeats (polylactosaminoglycans) prepared from erythrocytes were similarly rapidly cleared from the circulation to the liver, and this clearance was inhibitable with asialo-alpha 1- acid glycoprotein. These results suggest that (a) the sialic acid of the recombinant erythropoietin is necessary for this glycoprotein hormone to circulate stably and (b) glycoproteins with more than three lactosaminyl repeat units may be cleared by the galactose binding protein of hepatocytes.
The Adaptive80 Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm

Many improved versions of the Round Robin CPU scheduling algorithm have been created to fix the shortcomings of the Standard Round Robin algorithm. This research presents a new Round Robin algorithm, named Adaptive80 Round Robin, and compares it with several improved Round Robin algorithms. The results show that even among several improved Round Robin algorithms, Adaptive80 Round Robin will generally perform better than or equal to them for the average turnaround time, average waiting time, average response time, and number of context switches.
Chapter 26 Mergers and acquisitions: Strategic and informational issues

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the relationships between different models of the takeover process as well as analytical syntheses to integrate major trends in the literature. Three types of models are focused: (1) models of tender offers, which examine the decisions of individual shareholders whether to tender (sell) their shares to a bidder, (2) models of competition among multiple bidders, and (3) models that examine the voting power of target managers who own shares. Any attempt to understand competitive takeover auctions must address the anomaly that bidding in takeover contests generally occurs in a few large jumps, rather than many small increments as predicted by the conventional analysis of bidding in costless English auctions. This chapter therefore discusses models of costly investigation and costly bid revision, wherein successive bids may increase by large increments when bidders try to intimidate their competitors into quitting. The share ownership and voting power of target management that values control can be important for the outcome of a tender bid and for the bidder's decision whether to undertake a tender offer or a proxy fight. It is therefore important to understand how managers may be able to alter their effective control of voting rights either directly through share purchases or indirectly through changes in capital structure.
Reframing the role of Boolean classes in qualitative research from an embodied cognition perspective

The prominent role of Boolean classes in qualitative data analysis software is viewed by some as an encroachment of Logical Positivism on qualitative research methodology. Rather than expressing some transcendent notion of a universal logic of formal entities (e.g., sets) that supercedes our knowable experience, we articulate an embodiment perspective, whereby Boolean classes are conceptual metaphors for apprehending and manipulating data, concepts and categories the same way we perceive and manipulate worldly objects and containers. Drawing on examples from seminal approaches to qualitative methods, we demonstrate how one central aspect of qualitative research practices---the process of coding data---can productively be viewed in terms of collecting and containing concepts and categories in this embodied sense. We discuss the implications of this for coding and for bridging qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry.
Quadratic Binary Programming and Dynamical System Approach to Determine the Predictability of Epileptic Seizures

Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system. The progressive entrainment between an epileptogenic focus and normal brain areas results to transitions of the brain from chaotic to less chaotic spatiotemporal states, the epileptic seizures. The entrainment between two brain sites can be quantified by the T-index from the measures of chaos (e.g., Lyapunov exponents) of the electrical activity (EEG) of the brain. By applying the optimization theory, in particular quadratic zero-one programming, we were able to select the most entrained brain sites 10 minutes before seizures and subsequently follow their entrainment over 2 hours before seizures. In five patients with 3–24 seizures, we found that over 90% of the seizures are predictable by the optimal selection of electrode sites. This procedure, which is applied to epilepsy research for the first time, shows the possibility of prediction of epileptic seizures well in advance (19.8 to 42.9 minutes) of their occurrence.