cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coadministration of Galanin Antagonist M40 with a Muscarinic M1 Agonist Improves Delayed Nonmatching to Position Choice Accuracy in Rats with Cholinergic Lesions

The neuropeptide galanin is overexpressed in the basal forebrain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In rats, galanin inhibits evoked hippocampal acetylcholine release and impairs performance on several memory tasks, including delayed nonmatching to position (DNMTP). Galanin(1–13)-Pro2-(Ala-Leu)2-Ala-NH2(M40), a peptidergic galanin receptor ligand, has been shown to block galanin-induced impairment on DNMTP in rats. M40 injected alone, however, does not improve DNMTP choice accuracy deficits in rats with selective cholinergic immunotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain. The present experiments used a strategy of combining M40 with an M1 cholinergic agonist in rats lesioned with the cholinergic immunotoxin 192IgG-saporin. Coadministration of intraventricular M40 with intraperitoneal 3-(3- S - n -pentyl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyridine (TZTP), an M1 agonist, improved choice accuracy significantly more than a threshold dose of TZTP alone. These results suggest that a galanin antagonist may enhance the efficacy of cholinergic treatments for the cognitive deficits of AD.
Simulation of digital communication systems using a stochastically optimised importance sampling technique

Importance sampling (IS) techniques can substantially accelerate bit error rate (BER) estimation using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation provided that the IS parameters specifying the simulation probability density function (PDF) are carefully chosen. We present an IS optimization algorithm based on stochastic gradient techniques. The formulation of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm presented in this paper is quite general and system-independent, and its applicability is not restricted to a specific PDF or biasing scheme. The generality and effectiveness of the SGD algorithm are demonstrated by applying it to the problem of efficiently simulating a communication system with diversity combining, slow nonselective Rayleigh fading channel and noncoherent envelope detection. >
Exposure to Homoerotic Stimuli: Effects on Attitudes and Affects of Heterosexual Viewers

Summary One hundred thirty-three self-reported heterosexual college students in four classes in human sexuality were exposed to explicit sexual films depicting either male or female homosexual relationships. A randomized separate-samples pretest-posttest design was used to compare the present mood states and attitudes toward homosexuality of Ss immediately before and following exposure to the homoerotic stimuli. The results showed higher levels of negative affects such as anxiety and hostility among Ss immediately following the film presentation compared to Ss who had not yet been exposed to the film. Men who were exposed to a male homosexual film were also more antihomosexual in their reported attitudes than were men just prior to the film presentation. The results are discussed in terms of the potentially negative effects of isolated exposure of heterosexual viewers to homoerotic stimuli.
Extending Game Theoretic Propositions About Slack and Scarcity in Managerial Decision Making

Game theory proposes that slack makes mean (noncooperative) games kinder (more cooperative) and kind (cooperative) games meaner (less cooperative), while scarcity produces the opposite effects. But, organizational situations generally involve mixtures of kindness (cooperation) and meanness (conflict). A 2 x 2 x 2 mixed motive decision-making experiment varied slack, certainty, and political influence. Results indicate that, when there is slack, kindness pays.
Bird Watching: An Introduction to Amateur Satellite Spotting

Space satellites are invisible instruments of globalization that influence governmental policies. This paper examines remote sensing satellites as optical devices capable of redefining human cognition. They represent accessibility and openness through the more agreeable paradigm of transparency. However, transparency, like surveillance, is based on the interconnection between power, knowledge and perceptual experience. Artists use a variety of tactical practices, including amateurism, to tease apart these connections. Amateurism dedicates itself to the politics of knowledge. The author concludes, based on examples of her work and that of others, that the potential for political intervention exists when knowledge is paired with action.
Procedural Analysis of Choice Rules with Applications to Bounded Rationality

I study how limited abilities to process information affect choice behav? ior. I model the decision-making process by an automaton, and mea? sure the complexity of a specific choice rule by the minimal number of states an automaton implementing the rule uses to process informa? tion. I establish that any choice rule that is less complicated than utility maximization displays framing effects. I then prove that choice rules that result from an optimal trade-off between maximizing utility and minimizing complexity are history-dependent satisficing procedures that display primacy and recency effects. (JEL D01, D03, Dil, D83) In 1981, an internal study by American Airlines found that travel agents booked the first flight that appeared on their computer screen 53 percent of the time, and a flight that appeared somewhere on the first screen almost 92 percent of the time. This provided an incentive for American to manipulate the order in which flights were listed on American's "Sabre" computer reservation system, which domi? nated the market for electronic flight booking. Allegations by smaller airlines that American?and United Airlines which owned the second largest computer reserva? tion system "Apollo"?engaged in such manipulations led the US federal govern? ment to regulate screen display in computer reservation systems.1 This example, in which the order of the alternatives affects decision making, is by no means unique. In elections, for example, being listed first on the ballot increases the likelihood of winning office, mainly at the expense of candidates listed in the middle of the ballot.2 In competitions, judges tend to award higher
Blast Wave Experiments at Z

Summary form only given. Blast waves (BWs) occur when the wave speed of an initially diffusive, supersonic radiation wave becomes subsonic and forms a hydrodynamic shock wave, which is radiographically visible. BWs are a novel diagnostic in radiation-flow, code-validation experiments that use Sandia's Z-accelerator's dynamic hohlraum (DH) as a radiative source. The physics models being tested are sensitive to delivered energy and power changes of les10%; therefore, precise in-situ radiative power and energy measurements are required for quantitative comparisons between simulation and experiment. The energy-sensitive BW diagnostic complements bolometric and x-ray radiometric diagnostics in providing these measurements. Recent comparisons between BW qualification experiments and simulations have revealed a spatial dependence on the radiation source. We discuss the experimental design and sensitivities for the BW diagnostic and experimental results in comparison to simulations and other diagnostics.
Translating relational & Object-Relational Database models into OWL models

We describe an extensible framework for translating data models into Ontology models. Initially, the framework addresses two types of source data models: the Relational Database (RDB) and Object-Relational Database (ORDB) models. The derived Ontology model is based on OWL. The framework extracts information about the source data models from the metadata maintained by the DBMS. The extracted metadata includes most of the integrity constraints that are typically maintained by a DBMS. The extracted metadata is then analyzed to identify Ontology concepts, properties, and explicit relationships, discover redundant Ontology concepts and implicit relationships, and identify restrictions on properties and relationships. The analysis is based on heuristic database modeling techniques. The analyzed data is automatically translated into a rudimentary OWL Ontology model that can be enhanced by Ontology modelers. The paper provides examples to demonstrate how the translation is conducted.
An inverse method for predicting tissue-level mechanics from cellular mechanical input

Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a dynamic three-dimensional structure which translates mechanical stimuli to cells. This local mechanical stimulation may direct biological function including tissue development. Theories describing the role of mechanical regulators hypothesize the cellular response to variations in the external mechanical forces on the ECM. The exact ECM mechanical stimulation required to generate a specific pattern of localized cellular displacement is still unknown. The cell to tissue inverse problem offers an alternative approach to clarify this relationship. Developed for structural dynamics, the inverse dynamics problem translates measurements of local state variables (at the cell level) into an unknown or desired forcing function (at the tissue or ECM level). This paper describes the use of eigenvalues (resonant frequencies), eigenvectors (mode shapes), and dynamic programming to reduce the mathematical order of a simplified cell–tissue system and estimate the ECM mechanical stimulation required for a specified cellular mechanical environment. Finite element and inverse numerical analyses were performed on a simple two-dimensional model to ascertain the effects of weighting parameters and a reduction of analytical modes leading toward a solution. Simulation results indicate that the reduced number of mechanical modes (from 30 to 14 to 7) can adequately reproduce an unknown force time history on an ECM boundary. A representative comparison between cell to tissue (inverse) and tissue to cell (boundary value) modeling illustrates the multiscale applicability of the inverse model.
ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS ON 13C AND 17O CHEMICAL SHIFTS AND CO STRETCHING FREQUENCY OF CARBON MONOXIDE BOUND TO FE2

Using a model consisting of Fe2+ octahedrally coordinated to five negative point charges and a CO molecule, the effects of a uniform external electric field applied along the Fe−C−O axis on the che...
A CFAR adaptive matched filter detector

An adaptive algorithm for radar target detection using an antenna array is proposed. The detector is derived in a manner similar to that of the generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) but contains a simplified test statistic that is a limiting case of the GLRT detector. This simplified detector is analyzed for performance to signals on boresight, as well as when the signal direction is misaligned with the look direction. >
Understanding object-oriented programming concepts

Most power engineering students these days have had at least a casual introduction to computer programming concepts. Specifically, they have become functionally fluent in one or more programming languages and can use their knowledge of basic syntax to write simple programs that perform some desired task. Some students may also have had the opportunity to learn basic software design concepts, such as the benefits of top-down design and the practice and virtues of programming in a modular fashion using a structured programming approach. However, fewer students have been exposed to the theory and practice of object-oriented software development. Understanding object-oriented programming concepts requires that the student undergo a paradigm shift. The student must move from thinking about modeling systems and problems in terms of the actions that must be performed to thinking about the objects that must interact with each other to perform those actions. Successfully navigating this change in thought is not a trivial undertaking, but the rewards of doing so can be tremendous. This presentation provides a brief introduction to the concepts and benefits of the object-oriented approach and explains why power engineering students may benefit greatly from a more formal introduction to the topic.
Constructing Invariant Tori for Two Weakly Coupled van der Pol Oscillators

An algorithm is developed for the construction of an invariant torus of a weakly coupled autonomous oscillator. The system is put into angular standard form. The determining equations are found by averaging and are solved for the approximate amplitudes of the torus. A perturbation series is then constructed about the approximate amplitudes with unknown coefficients as periodic functions of the angular variables. A sequence of solvable partial differential equations is developed for determining the coefficients. The algorithm is applied to a system of nonlinearly coupled van der Pol equations and the first order coefficients are generated in a straightforward manner. The approximation shows both good numerical accuracy and reproducibility of the periodicities of the van der Pol system. A comparitive analysis of integrating the van der Pol system with integrating the phase equations from the angular standard form on the approximate torus shows numerical errors of the order of the perturbation parameter ɛ=0.05 for integrations of up to 10,000 steps. Applying FFT to the numerical periodicities generated by integrating the van der Pol system near the tours reveals the same predominant frequencies found in the perturbation coefficients. Finally an expected rotation number is found by integrating the phase equations on the approximate torus.
Subclavian venous aneurysm: Case report and review of the literature

A case of a symptomatic 5.1-cm left subclavian venous aneurysm, which was treated with surgical excision, is presented. Most venous aneurysms in the head and neck region involve the internal or external jugular veins and are asymptomatic. Aneurysms involving the subclavian or axillary veins are rare. The natural history of these aneurysms is benign with no reported instances of rupture or thromboembolic events. Operative treatment is most often undertaken for cosmetic reasons or for the development of symptoms.
Poor prognosis in non-Caucasian patients with early-onset mycosis fungoides

Background Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is most often seen in middle-aged to elderly men. Objective We conducted a retrospective study of the demographics and prognosis of patients with onset of MF before age 40 years. Methods Demographic data (age, sex, and race) and histology from 1074 patents with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were stratified by age of onset and race and analyzed using Chi-square test. Results Women presented before age 40 years more often than men (P = .038). Early onset of MF was diagnosed in 30 of 92 (32.6%) African American (AA), 31 of 87 (35.6%) Hispanic, and 103 of 809 (12.7%) Caucasian patients. MF was significantly more common in AA (P = .0008) and Hispanic (P = .0002) patients. Early-onset MF was more common among 21 of 60 AA women (35%, P = .0174) and 19 of 40 Hispanic women (47.5%, P = .0002) than among 50 of 350 Caucasian women (14.5%). Progression from initial TNM stage occurred in only 5 (10%) Caucasian, one (5%) Hispanic, and 8 (38%) AA women who presented before age 40 years. Six of 8 AA women who progressed died of their disease whereas two were long-term survivors after allogeneic transplantation. Limitations This was a retrospective study at one cancer center. Conclusion Although MF is considered to be a disease of middle-aged men, early-onset MF is more common among AA and Hispanic women. AA women with early onset may have a poor prognosis and should be considered for more aggressive therapy, including allogeneic transplantation.
Cyber–Physical Optimization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Future small unmanned aircraft systems will require careful codesign over both physical and cyber elements to maximize total system efficiency. Mission objectives and success of the system as a whole are becoming increasingly dependent on appropriate allocation of computational resources balanced against demands of the physical actuation systems. In this paper, a cooptimization scheme is described that considers tradeoffs between costs associated with the physical actuation effort required for control and the computational effort required to acquire and process incoming information. A small unmanned aircraft system surveillance mission, the visual inspection of a pipeline, is proposed to investigate specifics of cyber–physical cost terms and their tradeoffs. A multidisciplinary cost function minimizes energy and maximizes mission efficiency and effectiveness. Pareto fronts are examined over combinations of competing cyber and physical objectives, and they demonstrate that excluding either cyber or physica...
Compensation Strategies Used by High-Ability Students with Learning Disabilities Who Succeed in College.

To investigate how high-ability students With learning disabilities succeed in postsecondary academic environments, 12 young adults with disabilities who were successful at the university level were studied. Extensive interviews with these young adults provided examples of the problems faced by high-ability students with learning disabilities, as well as the specific compensation strategies the used to address and overcome these problems. Four of the participants had been identified as having a learning disability in elementary school; six were identified in junior or senior high school; and two were not diagnosed until college. The participants believed that having a learning disability was considered by elementary or secondary school personnel as synonymous with below-average ability. They reported that content remediation, rather than instruction in compensatory strategies, was usually provided in elementary and secondary school learning disability programs. In this article, the compensation strategies...
Enhanced Tunable Ultra-Wideband Pulse Generation Based on Variable Edge-Rate Compression

The most recurrent pulse generator design approach described in literature employs a series step recovery diode (SRD) and pulse-duration tuning subsequent to Gaussian pulse formation. Although this conventional approach is advantageous in fixed pulse-duration designs, it leads to relatively complex designs for tunable generators. This paper presents a variable edge-rate compression (VERC) approach, to tunable ultra-wideband (UWB) generator design, that entails tuning prior to Gaussian pulse formation and a shunt configuration of forward and reverse biased SRDs. Compared to the conventional approach, VERC offers performance advantages that include broader tuning range, improved tuning sensitivity, increased design simplicity and reduced cost. A comparison of the series and shunt SRD configurations reveals that input-signal slew rate has a dominant effect on pulse-duration tuning for an SRD in a shunt configuration. As slew rate may be modified using frequency, rise time or voltage, the VERC approach also offers greater design flexibility and is more advantageous for tunable UWB generator design
Active tuning of high frequency resonators and filters

In this paper, we present a new electromechanical approach of active control of high temperature superconducting (HTS) resonator and filter center frequency. The design of the tunable devices incorporates piezoelectric bender or tube actuator, which acts as a varactor of the resonance circuit, with YBCO thin film on LAO substrate. The resonator has an unloaded Q of over 18,000 at 77 K and a center frequency of 362 MHz and a tuning range of over 20% with unloaded Q over 10,000. By applying different voltages to the piezoelectric bender, we have tuned the resonance frequency over 30% with a good linearity and high Q. Based on this structure, a two-pole HTS bandpass filter was designed, fabricated and tested. The filter has a tunable center frequency from 17 to 20 MHz while maintaining a 2.5% 3dB bandwidth, and an insertion loss of less than 0.5 dB at 77 K.
An on-line handwriting recognition system using Fisher segmental matching and Hypotheses Propagation Network

We propose an on-line handwriting recognition approach that integrates local bottom-up constructs with a global top-down measure into a modular recognition engine. The bottom-up process uses local point features for hypothesizing character segmentations and the top-down part performs shape matching for evaluating the segmentations. The shape comparison, called Fisher segmental matching, is based on Fisher's linear discriminant analysis. Along with an efficient ligature modeling, the segmentations and their matching scores are integrated into a recognition engine termed Hypotheses Propagation Network, which runs a variant of the topological sort algorithm of graph search. The result is a system that is more shape-oriented less dependent on local and temporal features, modular in construction and has a rich range of opportunities for further extensions. Our system currently performs at 95% of recognition rate on cursive scripts with a 460 word dictionary.
Formation of Polyomavirus-Like Particles with Different VP1 Molecules That Bind the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor

Icosahedral virus-like particles formed by the self-assembly of polyomavirus capsid proteins (Py-VLPs) can serve as useful nanostructures for delivering nucleic acids, proteins, and pharmaceuticals into animal cells and tissues. Four predominant surface-exposed loops in the VP1 structure offer potential sites to display sequences that might contribute new targeting specificities. Introduction into each of these loops of sequences derived from the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or a related phage display peptide reduced the solubility of VP1 molecules when expressed in insect cells, and insertions into the EF loop reduced VP1 solubility least. Coexpression in insect cells of the uPA-VP1 molecules and VP1 containing a FLAG epitope in the HI loop permitted the formation of heterotypic Py-VLPs containing uPA-VP1 and FLAG-VP1. These heterotypic VLPs bound to uPAR on the surfaces of animal cells. Heterotypic Py-VLPs containing ligands for multiple cell surface receptors should be useful for targeting specific cells and tissues.
Tumor kinetics prior to treatment correlate with response to checkpoint inhibitors

Meeting abstracts Immunotherapy has become one of the most profound advances in the treatment of solid tumors. Unlike the prior targeted therapies such as kinase inhibitors, there are no clear mutations or definitive biomarkers of which patients are likely to respond. It is well documented that
Network robustness depth and topology management of networked dynamic systems

Networked control systems are subject to adversary conditions that affect their network topologies. To ensure reliable system operations, network topologies need to be characterized and managed for their impact on the overall system performance. This paper introduces the concept of network robustness depth for this pursuit. Discrete event systems are used as a foundation to model dynamic behavior of network topologies, support their analysis, and carry out their management. Stochastic analysis relates the link reliability probabilities to a probabilistic characterization of network robustness depth. Several topology management strategies are discussed, including passive methods, random strategies, and optimization methodologies. Their respective benefits and limitations are quantified. By using platoon control as a platform of hybrid (continuous and discrete event) systems and packet erasure channels as a communication protocol, the results are demonstrated with case studies.
See Something, Say Something? Determinants of Muslim-American Cooperation with US Counterterrorism Policing

Which segments of the Muslim-American community are willing to assist US law enforcement in counterterrorism investigations? I find that Muslims who expect fair treatment from state authorities are more likely to assist in investigations. US-born Muslims are the most cynical towards US law enforcement and are, thus, generally less likely than foreign-born Muslims to assist the police. This relationship between expectations of fairness and willingness to assist police hold for all Muslims, with two key exceptions. First, new Muslim immigrants are less likely than naturalized citizens to engage with police, regardless of the identity of the suspect. Second, despite low expectations of fair treatment from law enforcement, US-born black Muslims are significantly more likely than any other segment of the Muslim-American community to assist police in an investigation involving a Muslim suspect. US-born black Muslims are relatively comfortable engaging with the government and are nearly universal in their rejection of the use of violence against the US government. The findings of this study are important to extending our understanding of the determinants of government compliance among minorities and immigrants, and have important policy implications for counterterrorism policing.
Substance abuse in teenagers. Trends and consequences.

Background: Over the past few decades there has been growing concern about the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs by adolescents. Objective: To outline the trends in and consequences of adolescent substance abuse. Discussion: Alcohol and tobacco remain the most often used drugs in adolescence, and are the drugs associated with greatest morbidity and mortality, but there is some evidence that the use of illicit drugs is increasing. Morbidity and mortality from substance abuse can occur directly from the effects of the drug, from the mode of administration or from environmental factors associated with drug use. Drug related deaths compromise 24% of all deaths in the 12-24 year old age group. This is likely to be an underestimate as alcohol related traffic accidents are excluded from this figure. (author abstract)
Novel Strategies for Breast Cancer Imaging: New Imaging Agents to Guide Treatment

The development of molecular therapies for cancer treatment has created a need to image biochemical and molecular processes to appropriately select tumors that express the drug target, thereby predicting a positive response to therapy. Biomarker-driven molecular imaging is complementary to pathologic analysis and offers a more direct measure of drug efficacy and treatment response, potentially providing early insight into therapeutic futility and allowing response-adapted treatment strategies. Imaging also allows a unique means of assessing the heterogeneity of both intra- and intertumoral targets as well as a mixed response to therapy; this information is important in the setting of metastatic disease. Here we review the development of novel molecular imaging probes and combinations of probes to guide therapy for two new targets and associated therapeutic agents: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
Hybrid pattern matching based SRAF placement

A hybrid multi-step method for Sub-Resolution Assist Feature (SRAF) placement is presented. The process window, characterized by process variation bands (PV-bands), is subjected to optimization. By applying a state-of-the-art advanced pattern matching based approach, the SRAF placement is optimized to maximize the process window. Due to the complexity of building a complete Rule-Based SRAF (RBSRAF) solution and the performance limitation of the Model-Based SRAF solution (MBSRAF), the hybrid pattern based SRAF reduces the complexity and improves performance. In this paper, the hybrid pattern-based SRAF algorithm and its implementation, as well as testing results, are discussed with respect to process window and performance.
Reproduction in the Plains Pocket Gopher in Colorado

Reproductive data were obtained from dissections of 1,218 Geomys hursarius taken in northeastern Colorado from September 1958 through December 1960. Fifty-seven per cent of the gophers were females; 23% were young. Males begin to produce sperm when approximately eight months old. The testes, seminal vesicles and caudal epididymides of males enlarge rapidly in December and January, and most adult males are fertile from January through June. The reproductive organs of adult males are regressed and do not produce sperm from August through November. When young females are approximately eight months old their pubic symphyses begin to resorb; the pubic gaps reach adult breadth (9 to 12 mm) when the animals are about 11 months old. Pregnant animals were taken most frequently in April and May; in these months most of the young are born. There is one annual litter per female. Embryos and placental scars averaged 3.40 and 3.46 respectively. Dispersal of young from parental burrows begins in June, and most young are solitary by August. Plains pocket gophers are less strongly territorial from December through September than during the rest of the year, as evidenced by captures of more than one gopher per burrow system. Multiple occupancy of burrow systems was recorded, and involved a variety of age-sex combinations. Multiple occupancy was highest in early March, when 42% of the gophers trapped were multiple occupants.
Surgical Cavity Constriction and Local Progression Between Resection and Adjuvant Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to a surgical cavity after brain metastasis resection is a promising treatment for improving local control. The optimal timing of adjuvant SRS, however, has yet to be determined. Changes in resection cavity volume and local progression in the interval between surgery and SRS are likely important factors in deciding when to proceed with adjuvant SRS. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with a brain metastasis treated with surgical resection followed by SRS to the resection cavity. Post-operative and pre-radiosurgery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reviewed for evidence of cavity volume changes, amount of edema, and local tumor progression. Resection cavity volume and edema volume were measured using volumetric analysis. We identified 21 consecutive patients with a brain metastasis treated with surgical resection and radiosurgery to the resection cavity. Mean age was 57 yrs. The most common site of metastasis was the frontal lobe (38%), and the most common primary neoplasms were lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma (24% each). The mean postoperative resection cavity volume was 7.8 cm3 and shrank to a mean of 4.5 cm3 at the time of repeat imaging for radiosurgical planning (median 41 days after initial post-operative MRI), resulting in a mean reduction in cavity volume of 43%. Patients who underwent pre-SRS imaging within 1 month of their initial post-operative MRI had a mean volume reduction of 13% compared to 61% in those whose pre-SRS imaging was ≥1 month (p=0.0003). Post-resection edema volume was not related to volume reduction (p=0.59). During the interval between MRIs, 52% of patients showed evidence of tumor progression within the resection cavity wall. There was no significant difference in local recurrence if the interval between resection and radiosurgery was <1 month (n=8) versus ≥1 month (n=13, p=0.46). These data suggest that the surgical cavity after brain metastasis resection constricts over time with greater constriction seen in patients whose pre-SRS imaging is ≥1 month after initial post-operative imaging. Given that there was no difference in local recurrence rate, the data suggest there is benefit in waiting in order to treat a smaller resection cavity.
An Intimate Laboratory?: Prostheses as a Tool for Experimenting with Identity and Normalcy

This paper is about the aspects of ability, selfhood, and normalcy embodied in people's relationships with prostheses. Drawing on interviews with 14 individuals with upper-limb loss and diverse experiences with prostheses, we find people not only choose to use and not use prosthesis throughout their lives but also form close and complex relationships with them. The design of "assistive" technology often focuses on enhancing function; however, we found that prostheses played important roles in people's development of identity and sense of normalcy. Even when a prosthesis failed functionally, such as was the case with 3D-printed prostheses created by an on-line open-source maker community (e-NABLE), we found people still praised the design and initiative because of the positive impacts on popular culture, identity, and community building. This work surfaces crucial questions about the role of design interventions in identity production, the promise of maker communities for accelerating innovation, and a broader definition of "assistive" technology.
The late presenting STEMI: How ECG scores can be used to estimate event time.

Abstract Introduction Patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) derive significant benefit from timely percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Electrocardiogram (ECG) scoring systems can complement history to estimate the infarction age and inform clinical decision-making. Case A 76 year old man presented with eight days of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Triage ECG showed ST elevation and Q waves in the anterior leads. The patient was taken for coronary angiography and found to have a 100% occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Discussion Determining timing of acute coronary syndromes is challenging. ECG indices aid clinical history by quantifying infarction acuity.
Parametrization of Solutions of the Nehari Problem

For a Hankel operator Γ from H2 to H2 and p ≥ ||Γ||, we consider in this section the problem of describing all symbols φ ∈ L ∞ of Γ (i.e., Γ = H φ ) which satisfy the inequality ||φ||∞ ≤ p. If φ0 is a symbol of F, then as we have seen in §1.1, this problem is equivalent to the problem of finding all approximants f ∈ H ∞ to φ0 satisfying ||φ0 — f|| ∞ . ≤ p. This problem is called the Nehari problem. If p = ||Γ||, a solution yo of the Nehari problem (i.e., a symbol φ of Γ of norm at most φ is called optimal. If p > ||Γ||, the solutions of the Nehari problem are called suboptimal). Clearly, the optimal solutions of the Nehari problem are the symbols of F of minimal norm.
The Academic Mind and Reform: The Influence of Richard T. Ely in American Life

(1967). The Academic Mind and Reform: The Influence of Richard T. Ely in American Life. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 250-252.
Petrogenesis and Provenance of Ungrouped Achondrite Northwest Africa 7325 from Petrology, Trace Elements, Oxygen, Chromium and Titanium Isotopes, and Mid-IR Spectroscopy.

Northwest Africa (NWA) 7325 is an ungrouped achondrite that has recently been recognized as a sample of ancient differentiated crust from either Mercury or a previously unknown asteroid. In this work we augment data from previous investigations on petrography and mineral compositions, mid-IR spectroscopy, and oxygen isotope compositions of NWA 7325, and add constraints from Cr and Ti isotope compositions on the provenance of its parent body. In addition, we identify and discuss notable similarities between NWA 7325 and clasts of a rare xenolithic lithology found in polymict ureilites. NWA 7325 has a medium grained, protogranular to poikilitic texture, and consists of 10-15 vol. % Mg-rich olivine (Fo 98), 25-30 vol. % diopside (Wo 45, Mg# 98), 55-60 vol. % Ca-rich plagioclase (An 90), and trace Cr-rich sulfide and Fe,Ni metal. We interpret this meteorite to be a cumulate that crystallized at ≥1200 °C and very low oxygen fugacity (similar to the most reduced ureilites) from a refractory, incompatible element-depleted melt. Modeling of trace elements in plagioclase suggests that this melt formed by fractional melting or multi-stage igneous evolution. A subsequent event (likely impact) resulted in plagioclase being substantially remelted, reacting with a small amount of pyroxene, and recrystallizing with a distinctive texture. The bulk oxygen isotope composition of NWA 7325 plots in the range of ureilites on the CCAM line, and also on a mass-dependent fractionation line extended from acapulcoites. The e54Cr and e50Ti values of NWA 7325 exhibit deficits relative to terrestrial composition, as do ordinary chondrites and most achondrites. Its e54Cr value is distinct from that of any analyzed ureilite, but is not resolved from that of acapulcoites (as represented by Acapulco). In terms of all these properties, NWA 7325 is unlike any known achondrite. However, a rare population of clasts found in polymict ureilites ("the magnesian anorthitic lithology") are strikingly similar to NWA 7325 in mineralogy and mineral compositions, oxygen isotope compositions, and internal textures in plagioclase. These clasts are probably xenolithic in polymict ureilites, and could be pieces of NWA 7325-like meteorites. Using constraints from chromium, titanium and oxygen isotopes, we discuss two possible models for the provenance of the NWA 7325 parent body: 1) accretion in the inner solar system from a reservoir similar to that of acapulcoites in Δ17O, e54Cr and e50Ti; or 2) early (< 1 Ma after CAI formation) accretion in the outer solar system (beyond the snow line), before 54Cr and 50Ti anomalies were introduced to this region of the solar system. The mid-IR emission spectrum of NWA 7325 obtained in this work matches its modal mineralogy, and so can be compared with spectra of new meteorites or asteroids/planets to help identify similar materials and/or the parent body of NWA 7325.
Learning From Early Adopters in the New Accountability Era: Insights From California’s CORE Waiver Districts:

Purpose: The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) represents a notable shift in K-12 accountability, requiring a more comprehensive approach to assessing school performance and a less prescriptive app...
Why Start a Small Spacecraft Program

This chapter focuses on the reasons behind starting a small spacecraft program. In this context, both programs started for educational benefit and those launched for research or other purposes are considered. An overview of reasons for program initiation is provided. Then, research and educational benefits are discussed. Broader benefits that could be provided by a small spacecraft program to society-at-large are then considered. Finally, the chapter discusses the potential of using a small spacecraft program to develop, demonstrate, or advance national space competency, before concluding.
Changing Contexts for Grandparent Adoption on Raivavae, French Polynesia

This paper examines change in grandparent adoption and care of grandchildren on the Austral island of Raivavae in French Polynesia. The focus is on how Raivavaens have utilized the flexible, negotiable, and contingent institution of grandparent adoption as a strategy for coping with changing global/local linkages, out-migration for employment, and introduction of nonindigenous institutions and processes. The inherent flexibility of the adoptive relationship is apparently enabling Raivavaens to mold it in ways that serve a new set of needs and circumstances, most of which reside with the grandchild's parents rather than the grandparents. Grandparents appear to have extended and otherwise altered their adoption roles and responsibilities in large part to meet the needs and aspirations of the grandchild's parents, their adult children. This represents a significant shift in Raivavaen attitudes and values.
Note: Coincidence measurements of 3He and neutrons from a compact D-D neutron generator

Tagging of neutrons (2.45 MeV) with their associated 3He particles from deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion reactions has been demonstrated in a compact neutron generator setup enabled by a high brightness, microwave-driven ion source with a high fraction of deuterons. Energy spectra with well separated peaks of the D-D fusion reaction products, 3He, tritons, and protons, were measured with a silicon PIN diode. The neutrons were detected using a liquid scintillator detector with pulse shape discrimination. By correlating the 3He detection events with the neutron detection in time, we demonstrated the tagging of emitted neutrons with 3He particles detected with a Si PIN diode detector mounted inside the neutron generator vacuum vessel.
Radiologic interpretation of vacuum phenomena.

"Vacuum" phenomena may occur within peripheral joints or in the spine. These phenomena are related to the accumulation of gas, principally nitrogen, under physiologic or pathologic circumstances. Within the spine, vacuums may occur within the intervertebral discs and are useful indicators of intervertebral osteochondrosis , spondylosis deformans, Schmorl's nodes, and limbus vertebrae. In addition, intraosseous vacuum may occur within the vertebral bodies usually related to osteonecrosis. Under physiologic conditions, naturally occurring peripheral vacuums cannot exist in the presence of joint fluid. This is often an easy, inexpensive, noninvasive means of excluding a joint effusion. In this review, the appearance, clinical importance, pathogenesis, and pitfalls of spinal and extra-spinal vacuums are discussed.
Voyager: Complete Container State Migration

Due to the small memory footprint and fast startup times offerred by container virtualization, made ever more popular by the Docker platform, containers are seeing rapid adoption as a foundational capability to build PaaS and SaaS clouds. For such container clouds, which are fundamentally different from VM clouds, various cloud management services need to be revisited. In this paper, we present our Voyager - just-in-time live container migration service, designed in accordance with the Open Container Initiative (OCI) principles. Voyager is a novel filesystem-agnostic and vendor-agnostic migration service that provides consistent full-system migration. Voyager combines CRIU-based memory migration together with the data federation capabilities of union mounts to minimize migration downtime. With a union view of data between the source and target hosts, Voyager containers can resume operation instantly on the target host, while performing disk state transfer lazily in the background.
Older women who died by suicide: suicide means, sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors, and other precipitating circumstances.

ABSTRACTBackground:US suicide rates among older women have substantially increased over the past decade. We examined potential differences in sociodemographic and risk/precipitating factors among older female suicide decedents who died by drug overdose versus firearms, hanging/suffocation, and other means, and postmortem toxicology results by suicide means. Methods Data are from the 2005 to 2015 US National Violent Death Reporting System (N = 12,401 female decedents aged 50 years and over). We used three logistic regression models, with overdose versus firearms, overdose versus hanging/suffocation, and overdose versus "other" means as the dependent variables, to examine associations between suicide means and sociodemographic and risk/precipitating factors. χ2 tests were used to examine positive toxicology of prescription and illicit drugs by suicide means. Results Compared to firearm users, overdose users were younger and had higher odds of having had previous suicide attempts/intent disclosures, mental disorders (e.g. depression/dysthymia: AOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.34), and substance abuse other than alcohol, but lower odds of having had relationship problems and any crisis. Compared to hanging/suffocation, overdose declined (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97) during the study period and was less prevalent among Hispanic and Asian women and those with job/finance/housing problems. Toxicology reports showed that 47%, 43%, and 45% of overdose users were antidepressant, opiate, and benzodiazepine positive, respectively. Firearm users had the lowest rates of positive toxicology results for these drugs. Conclusions Suicide prevention should include limiting access to large quantities of prescription medications and firearms for those at risk of suicide. More effective mental health/substance abuse treatment and chronic illness management support are also needed.
High Performance Photogrammetry for Academic Research

Photogrammetry is the process of computationally extracting a three-dimensional surface model from a set of two-dimensional photographs of an object or environment. It is used to build models of everything from terrains to statues to ancient artifacts. In the past, the computational process was done on powerful PCs and could take weeks for large datasets. Even relatively small objects often required many hours of compute time to stitch together. With the availability of parallel processing options in the latest release of state-of-the-art photogrammetry software, it is possible to leverage the power of high performance computing systems on large datasets. In this paper we present a particular implementation of a high performance photogrammetry service. Though the service is currently based on a specific software package (Agisoft's PhotoScan), our system architecture is designed around a general photogrammetry process that can be easily adapted to leverage other photogrammetry tools. In addition, we report on an extensive performance study that measured the relative impacts of dataset size, software quality settings, and processing cluster size. Furthermore, we share lessons learned that are useful to system administrators looking to establish a similar service, and we describe the user-facing support components that are crucial for the success of the service.
Connections between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and surface temperatures in winter 2018 over eastern North America

From January to March 2018, one of the strongest Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events of the last 45 years progressed eastward along the equator from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean then back to the Indian Ocean. In response to strong tropospheric heating in the MJO's active convective envelope, several pronounced Rossby wave trains developed and extended from the equatorial tropics, across the extratropical Pacific and North America, and into the extratropical Atlantic. The origins of these Rossby wave trains evolved eastward with time, generally following the eastward progression of the MJO, but preferentially clustered in subtropical India and Southeast Asia and in two locations in the subtropical Pacific Ocean: along 160°E and 170°W. Over eastern North America, surface and lower-tropospheric temperatures rose to more than 12 °C above normal when the MJO convective envelope was over the Indian Ocean (in mid-January) and Western Hemisphere (in late February). In between those warm periods, temperatures cooled to below normal while the MJO convection was over the western Pacific. These temperature anomalies evolved in time with the pronounced Rossby wave trains that linked eastern North America with the Tropics in the Eastern Hemisphere: warm temperatures occurred when ridging was present over eastern North America and cooler temperatures occurred when troughing was present. This variability is discussed and placed in context of recent work showing the MJO's role in modulating temperature and circulation.