cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process-Based Forgiveness Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review

Objective: To investigate the impact of forgiveness interventions designed to help individuals who have suffered because of betrayals, offenses, or victimization. Forgiveness is believed to be a mechanism through which individuals can experience increases in hope and positive emotions and relief from negative emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. Method: Fourteen published reports of process-based forgiveness interventions that included a comparison group are meta-analyzed. Results/Conclusions: Samples that received forgiveness interventions forgave more (effect size [ES] = .82) and enjoyed increased positive affect (ES = .81) and self-esteem (ES = .60) and less negative affect (ES = .54). Such gains were largely maintained at follow-up periods. Individually delivered programs are superior to group delivery, and some forgiveness programs are superior to others. Further moderators are discussed.
Angular Distribution and Ranges of N 13 Particles Resulting from 27.5-Mev N 14 Ions on Mg 24

The angular distribution and ranges are reported for ${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$ nuclei resulting from the transfer reaction ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$(${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$,${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$)${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$ ($Q=\ensuremath{-}3.22$ Mev) at an incident ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ energy of 27.5 Mev. The data are compared to those reported previously for the reaction ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$(${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$,${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$)${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$ ($Q=0.57$ Mev) to study the effect of $Q$. It is found that while the angular distributions are similar in shape, ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$ states up to 7-Mev excitation contribute significantly to the reaction ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$(${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$,${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$)${\mathrm{Mg}}^{26}$ in contrast to the presented ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$ data which show no ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$ states above \ensuremath{\sim}5 Mev contributing to the transfer process. The ${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$ ranges when expressed as a function of $Q$ indicate the bulk of ${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$ particles lying between similar $Q$ values for both reactions. Excited-state transfers predominate in the two magnesium reactions in contrast to results reported at the same ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ incident energy for ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ targets in which ground-state transfers accounted for approximately half of the total cross sections. The angular distributions are replotted as $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{R}_{min}}$ vs ${R}_{min}$ and ${r}_{0}'\mathrm{s}$ calculated for the peak values of ${R}_{min}$; the ${r}_{0}'\mathrm{s}$ are 1.6 f and 1.55 f for ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$ and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}$ targets, respectively. The magnesium data are compared to the tunneling theory for transfer reactions and fair agreement is found.
SU‐GG‐I‐108: Applications of High Definition Volume Rendering in Radiotherapy: Investigation of Radiotherapy Treatment Using Accurate Three and Four Dimensional Volume Rendering

Current tools used to construct and analyzeradiotherapytreatment plans involves the reduction of a volumetric CT/MRI/PET datasets into a series of 2D planes used by the physician and physicist to define treatment volumes and describe final radiationdose distributions. While convenient for the user, such reduction of what is naturally a highly connected, complex three‐dimensional volume, introduces significant loss of relevant anatomic detail, important for the final analysis of any treatment. Through the use of accurate, highly interactive volume rendering of the patient anatomy, target delineation, radiotherapy port selection and final dosimetric analysis can be significantly enhanced. Such appreciation of the true anatomical map underlying the artificial construction of 2D radiotherapy contours improves the clinical understanding of any given treatment plan, and may lead to improved modeling of treatment outcome. A new, high definition volume rendering engine produced by Fovia, Inc. allows for the creation of accurate three and four dimensional images from dicom data sets. This rendering engine has been adapted for the purposes of radiotherapytreatment planning and analysis, incorporating target volume definition in three and four dimensions, the projection of the planned radiotherapytreatment ports through the volume and fusion of the dose distribution map to the true anatomical rendering. The inherent four‐dimensional capability of this volume rendering engine allows for incorporation of change detection as viewed over the treatment cycle. Further, follow‐up scan data may be incorporated to develop long term 3D models for local control, helping to illustrate disease growth patterns associated with observed recurrences. Several case studies including CNS, cardiac and lung treatment sites will serve to further illustrate the advantages of regular use of anatomic volume rendering in radiotherapy.
Effect of stage of maturity and addition of molasses on nutritive value of maize stover silage

Abstract Maize silage (MS), high moisture maize stover silage (HMS), mature maize stover silage (SS) alone and with added molasses (SSM) were evaluated for chemical composition and feeding value in three trials with cattle and sheep. The silages were made in two successive years. Water was added to the stover to achieve approximately 60% moisture. Soya bean meal was added to the silages at feeding to provide 12% crude protein (Trial 1) and 10% crude protein (Trials 2 and 3). With the exception of hemicellulose, structural carbohydrate contents of HMS, SS and SSM were similar and all were higher than that found for MS (Year 1). Molasses addition to maize stover at ensiling enhanced fermentation by reducing the pH of SSM to that of MS and HMS. Daily dry matter (DM) intakes of steers (Trial 1, Year 1) were: MS, 78.9; HMS, 77.7; SS, 60.6; SSM, 79.6 g/kg0.75 (P Maize silage, HMS and SSM were compared in a performance trial with yearling ewes in Trial 3, Year 2. Chemical composition of silages was similar for the two years. However, in Year 2, pH of HMS (4.6) and SSM (4.5) was higher than in Year 1 (3.7 for both HMS and SSM). Ewes lost weight on the HMS and SSM silages, while only minimal gains were obtained in ewes fed on MS. Daily DM intakes were: MS, 57.2; HMS, 42.9; SSM, 47.5 g/kg0.75 (P Harvesting maize stover at the high moisture stage, rather than when mature, increased nutrient availability of the structural carbohydrates to sheep, and also intake in cattle. Molasses addition to ensiled stover lowered silage pH and increased intake in cattle.
Tu1335 Adenoma and Polyp Detection Rates Differ by Colonoscopy Indication: Defining the Standards

Adenoma and Polyp Detection Rates Differ by Colonoscopy Indication: Defining the Standards Molly Disbrow*, Erika Boroff, Mary a. Atia, Michael D. Crowell, Sarah B. Umar, Suryakanth Gurudu, Jonathan a. Leighton, Francisco C. Ramirez Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ Background: Although ADR is a validated measure of quality in colonoscopy, it is limited to screening studies. There are scant data describing the prevalence of polyps and adenomas detected when colonoscopy is performed for other indications. Also, the distributions of polyps and adenomas are not well described. Aim: To detect differences in polyp and adenoma detection based on colonoscopy indication. To describe the distribution of polyps and adenomas in the proximal and distal colon based on colonoscopy indication. Methods: As part of a quality assurance program, we retrospectively reviewed all outpatient colonoscopies performed by 21 experienced gastroenterologists over 12 months, at a single academic medical center. Patients over 50 and those undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy were included. We subdivided colonoscopies by indication, and calculated ADR, PDR, the mean number of polyps and adenomas detected per patient (MPP and MAP). Data was calculated for proximal and distal colonic segments separately (MproxPP, MdistPP, MproxAP, MdistAP). Data were compared using Fisher’s exact test and t-test calculations. Results: A total of 3436 outpatient colonoscopies were reviewed between 10/1/2010-3/31/2011 and 3/1/2012 8/31/2012. The average patient age was 62.5 years and 51.2% of patients were men (n 1759). Indications for colonoscopy included: screening in 49.2% (n 1690), surveillance in 29.3% (n 1008), altered bowel habit in 8.4% (n 287), gastrointestinal bleeding in 5.8% (n 200), colitides in 3.0% (n 103), pain in 2.8% (n 96), and miscellaneous in 1.5% (n 52). The mean PDR for the group was 55%, and the ADR was 37%. Proximal PDR was 35%, distal PDR was 36%, proximal ADR was 28%, distal ADR was 17%. PDR and ADR were significantly higher for surveillance colonoscopy compared with screening (PDR: 69% vs. 51%; p 0.0001 and ADR: 50% vs. 33%; p 0.0001). MPP and MAP were also higher for surveillance compared with screening (MPP 2.04, vs. 1.17; p 0.001 and MAP 1.15 vs. 0.60; p 0.001). Polyps were more often detected in distal segments for screening, colitides, altered bowel habit, and GIB. Polyps were equally detected in proximal and distal segments for surveillance or pain indications. Adenomas however, were more often detected in proximal segments compared with distal segments for all indications. Conclusions: The prevalence of polyps and adenomas differs based on colonoscopy indication. Adenoma detection is highest in surveillance colonoscopy. Adenomas are more commonly detected in proximal colonic segments. For quality assurance in colonoscopy, distinct ADR and PDR targets may need to be established for different colonoscopy indications. Quality Indicators by Colonoscopy Indication
Effectiveness of fission neutrons versus gamma radiation for inducing somatic mutations in presoaked seeds of maize

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of fission neutrons versus 60 Co γ-radiation for inducing somatic mutations in germinating maize embryos. Seeds heterozygous for the yg 2 locus were soaked for 96 h at 20°C prior to irradiation with various doses of either 60 Co γ-radiation or fission neutrons. Mitotic index and cytophotometric studies of the shoot (excluding the coleoptile and first 3 leaves) revealed that 33.2, 16.4, 39.5, and 6.1% of the cells were in G 1 , S, G 2 , and M stages of the cell cycle, respectively. The frequency of yg 2 sectors, as scored in leaves 4 and 5, increased with increasing dose of both radiations. Mutagenic effectiveness, as measured by sectors per rad, increased with increasing dose of γ-radiation but decreased with increasing dose of fission neutrons. This phenomenon resulted in a decrease in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fission neutrons with increasing sector frequency. The high mutation frequency, especially at low neutron doses, indicates a potential value of the test system for monitoring genetic effects of low radiation doses and other mutagenic agents.
A model for extraocular fluid dynamics.

A compartment model (side-capacity-parallel-flow model) is used to explain the extraocular fluid dynamics that affects markedly the bioavailability of drugs in ophthalmic delivery. The SCPF model well describes the clinical profile of drug concentration after topical application not only in the open eye with normal blinking but in the closed eye as well.
Manipulating spinor condensates with magnetic fields: Stochastization, metastability, and dynamical spin localization

We study the dynamical response of a spinor Bose condensate under the influence of external magnetic fields. A rich set of phenomena are investigated such as stochastization in population evolution, metastability in spin composition, and dynamical localization in spin space.
Sigma versus Pi Interactions in Alkali Metal Ion Binding to Azoles: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation and ab Initio Theory Studies

Threshold collision-induced dissociation of M+(azole) with xenon is studied by guided ion beam mass spectrometry. M+ include the following alkali metal ions: Li+, Na+, and K+. The azoles studied i...
CAMAPPLE: CAMAC Interface to the Apple Computer

The advent of the "personal" microcomputer provides a new tool for the debugging, calibration and monitoring of small scale physics apparatus; e.g., a single detector being developed for a larger physics apparatus. With an apropriate interface these microcomputer systems provide a low cost (1/3 the cost of a comparable minicomputer system), convenient, dedicated, portable system which can be used in a fashion similar to that of portable oscilloscopes. Here we describe an interface between the Apple computer and CAMAC which is now being used to study the detector for a Cerenkov ring-imaging device. The Apple is particularly well-suited to this application because of its ease of use, hi-resolution graphics, peripheral buss and documentation support.
Engineering a novel cellular trafficking pathway for transferrin to improve its drug carrier efficacy

An effective cytotoxic agent for cancer therapy should demonstrate reduced toxicity by having an increased specificity towards cancer cells. To address this challenge, several research groups have investigated conjugating various cytotoxins to the iron transport protein transferrin (Tf), since its receptor (TfR) is overexpressed on the surfaces of cancer cells. Tf undergoes receptor-mediated endocytosis into a cell following TfR binding, where it can then deliver its drug to the cell. However, Tf is recycled rapidly to the cell surface following internalization (∼5 min), limiting the timeframe in which it can deliver its drug. We engineered Tf to improve its therapeutic properties by applying a mathematical model to identify molecular parameters which could be altered to manipulate its trafficking pathway so as to increase its cellular association. Slow iron release from Tf was predicted to increase cellular association of Tf with cancer cells. We generated a version of Tf with a slower iron release rate by replacing its synergistic carbonate anion with oxalate. This Tf variant associated with HeLa cells to a greater extent when compared to wild-type Tf. In addition, this increase in cellular association translated into an increase in drug carrier efficacy, as diphtheria toxin (DT) conjugates of the Tf variant were significantly more cytotoxic than DT conjugates of wild-type Tf in an in vitro cell-killing assay. Currently, the utility of this strategy for engineering Tf variants is further being explored by generating Tf mutants with site-directed mutagenesis.
Evaluating Self‐Concept and Ego Status in Erikson's Last Three Psychosocial Stages

The objective of this article is to suggest behavioral criteria that can be used for assessing the status of self-concept and ego development in Erikson's last three psychosocial stages. The strength of Erikson's theory has been in its contribution to the understanding of human development through a continuum of psychosocial stages. A weakness, however, has been in the uncertainty about the particular behaviors one should look for when assessing the positive or negative aspects of self-concept and ego development. To parallel an earlier article examining Erikson's first five stages (Hamachek, 1988), three tables of different behavioral expressions are presented, each providing examples of possible behaviors and implicit attitudes related to positive and negative ego resolutions associated with the last three stages. Implications for evaluation of problem concerns and counseling are noted.
A scalable embedded JPEG 2000 architecture

The latest image compression standard, JPEG 2000 is well tuned for diverse applications, thus raising various throughput demands on its building blocks. Therefore, a JPEG 2000 encoder with the feature of scalability is favorable for its ability of meeting different throughput requirements. On the other hand, the large amounts of data streams underline the importance of bandwidth optimization in designing the encoder. The initial specification, especially in terms of loop organization and array indices, describes the data manipulations and, subsequently, influences the outcome of the architecture implementation. Therefore, there is a clear need for the exploiting support, and we believe the emphasis should lie on the loop level steering. In this paper, we apply loop transformation techniques to a scalable embedded JPEG 2000 encoder design during the architectural exploration stage, considering not only the balance of throughput among different blocks, but also the reduction of data transfer. The architecture is prototyped onto Xilinx FPGA.
Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children

Summary Background Some studies have suggested that a lowprotein diet slows the deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The effects of a low-protein diet on renal function and growth, have not been assessed in a large, prospective randomised trial in children with CRF. Methods A 2-year prospective, stratified, and randomised multicentre study recruited 191 patients aged 2–18 years. After a run-in period of at least 6 months, patients were stratified into either a progressive or non-progressive category based on the change in creatinine clearance in this period. The patients were also stratified into three renal-disease categories and then randomly assigned to a control or diet group. In the diet group, the protein intake was the lowest, safe WHO recommendation-ie, 0·8–1·1 g/kg daily adjusted for age. All patients were advised to have a calorie intake of at least 70% of the WHO recommendations. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured every 2 months by creatinine clearance; dietary compliance was checked by urinary urea-nitrogen excretion and dietary diaries (weighing method). 112 patients completed an optional third year of the study. Findings The low-protein diet did not affect growth. However, there was no effect of diet on the mean decline in creatinine clearance over 2 years (diet vs control: progressive group −9·7 [SD 8·0] vs −10·7 [11·8] mL/min per 1·73m 2 ; non-progressive group −2·5 [7·5] vs −4·3 [10·0] mL/min per 1·73 m 2 ). Patients classified as having progressive disease were older and had a lower creatinine clearance and a higher blood pressure at randomisation, and had a greater decrease in creatinine clearance than non-progressive patients. On multivariate regression analysis proteinuria (partial R 2 =0·259) and systolic blood pressure (partial R 2 =0·087) were independent predictors of the change in GFR. Similar results were found after the study was extended for a third year. Interpretation A low-protein diet for 3 years did not affect the decrease in renal function in children with CRF. Proteinuria and blood pressure explain a large part of the variability of, and may be causally related to the decline in the GFR.
Cardioprotective effects of nitrite during exercise

Exercise training has been shown to reduce many risk factors related to cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and insulin resistance. More importantly, exercise training has been consistently shown to confer sustainable protection against myocardial infarction in animal models and has been associated with improved survival following a heart attack in humans. It is still unclear how exercise training is able to protect the heart, but some studies have suggested that it increases a number of classical signalling molecules. For instance, exercise can increase components of the endogenous antioxidant defences (i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase), increase the expression of heat shock proteins, activate ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, and increase the expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase resulting in an increase in NO levels. This review article will provide a brief summary of the role that these signalling molecules play in mediating the cardioprotective effects of exercise. In particular, it will highlight the role that NO plays and introduce the idea that the stable NO metabolite, nitrite, may play a major role in mediating these cardioprotective effects.
Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane knee motion and moments.

Background It has been proposed that female athletes who limit knee and hip flexion during athletic tasks rely more on the passive restraints in the frontal plane to deceleration their body center of mass. This biomechanical pattern is thought to increase the risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. To date, the relationship between sagittal plane kinematics and frontal plane knee motion and moments has not been explored.
Loneliness and the Evaluation of Relational Events

If loneliness inclines people to a general hostility towards others and to a disparaging style about social interaction, then the style should appear in studies of lonely people interacting with their friends, as well as observing other persons they do not know. We conducted a study with 4 features: it compared (a) lonely and non-lonely persons' evaluation of (b) their own and other people's conversations with friends, using (c) both free evaluation and videotape-prompted evaluation (d) both immediately after the interaction and 6 weeks later. Lonely persons did not consistently evaluate their or others' conversations negatively, though they tended to rate communication quality lower. They did, however, draw negative global conclusions about their own relationships, especially after reviewing a videotape of their own interaction 6 weeks later. We conjecture that lonely people are negative about interactions when they focus on their own communicative performance, and that they also have characteristic ways...
Protein production by auto-induction in high-density shaking cultures

Inducible expression systems in which T7 RNA polymerase transcribes coding sequences cloned under control of a T7lac promoter efficiently produce a wide variety of proteins in Escherichia coli. Investigation of factors that affect stability, growth, and induction of T7 expression strains in shaking vessels led to the recognition that sporadic, unintended induction of expression in complex media, previously reported by others, is almost certainly caused by small amounts of lactose. Glucose prevents induction by lactose by well-studied mechanisms. Amino acids also inhibit induction by lactose during log-phase growth, and high rates of aeration inhibit induction at low lactose concentrations. These observations, and metabolic balancing of pH, allowed development of reliable non-inducing and auto-inducing media in which batch cultures grow to high densities. Expression strains grown to saturation in non-inducing media retain plasmid and remain fully viable for weeks in the refrigerator, making it easy to prepare many freezer stocks in parallel and use working stocks for an extended period. Auto-induction allows efficient screening of many clones in parallel for expression and solubility, as cultures have only to be inoculated and grown to saturation, and yields of target protein are typically several-fold higher than obtained by conventional IPTG induction. Auto-inducing media have been developed for labeling proteins with selenomethionine, 15 No r 13 C, and for production of target proteins by arabinose induction of T7 RNA poly
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE THEORY OF ANTICIPATORY PRICES

The paper investigates the intertemporal relationship between cash and futures price changes using the techniques of spectral analysis. Daily data for the wheat, corn and soybean markets are analysed to determine if and how cash and futures prices move together. On a daily basis wheat and corn cash and futures prices move together; soybeans cash and futures prices do not move together on a daily basis.
Development of polymer blend phase morphology during processing

We investigate the mechanics of formation of polymer blends both from the view of (i) the technology and flow characteristics in batch and continuous compounding machinery as well as from (ii) the mechanistic perspective of the formation and evolution of dispersed phases. Special attention is given to internal mixers and to intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruders. The role of interfacial tension and viscosity ratio in affecting phase morphology is described. We also discuss the development of polymer chain orientation in the different components of an immiscible polymer blend during processing.
Characterization of the Nonstructural Proteins of the Bocavirus Minute Virus of Canines

We present a detailed characterization of a single-cycle infection of the bocavirus minute virus of canines (MVC) in canine WRD cells. This has allowed identification of an additional smaller NS protein that derives from an mRNA spliced within the NS gene that had not been previously reported. In addition, we have identified a role for the viral NP1 protein during infection. NP1 is required for read-through of the MVC internal polyadenylation site and, thus, access of the capsid gene by MVC mRNAs. Although the mechanism of NP1's action has not yet been fully elucidated, it represents the first parvovirus protein to be implicated directly in viral RNA processing.
Human-machine cooperative interaction in the supervisory control of a complex dynamic system

In the supervisory control of a complex, dynamic, highly automated system, a human operator is responsible for monitoring the state of the system and detecting and compensating for any system failures. One instance of a human-computer cooperative problem solving paradigm is described: the Georgia Tech Mission Operations Cooperative Assistant (GT-MOCA). GT-MOCA is a real-time aiding system that is used by the human operator at the Georgia Tech Payload Operations Control Center (GT-POCC) simulation, which simulates a satellite ground support system. One facet of GT-MOCA is described: its underlying conceptual model of operator intentions and how that model is used as the basis for an interactive artifact that supports inspectable visualization and dynamic task allocation. >
Uniqueness of SU(5) and SO(10) grand unified theories

We will prove that SU(5) and SO(10) grand unified theories are almost uniquely chosen under a few reasonable assumptions. The main ansatz is that there exist only left-handed particles in an SU(2) doublet and their antiparticles in an SU(2) singlet. For the case of a single-multiplet unification, SO(10) is unique, using the facts that the charge of the d quark is not neutral and the theory should be anomaly free. For the case of two-multiplet unification, SU(5) is unique among SU(N) (N< or =500). The color group is effectively determined as the standard SU(3) with triplets of colored quarks. Quark charges must be the standard 2/3 and -1/3. No unifying simple group exists for G(horizontal) x G(GUT) under the assumptions above. For the case of SU(5), the cancellation of the triangle anomaly emerges as a consequence rather than a hypothesis.
Intravascular Injuries from Intramuscular Penicillin

Benzathine penicillin, procaine penicillin, and mixtures of both are opaque preparations for intramuscular injection. Visualization of aspirated blood, the fail-safe for avoiding intravascular injection, is predictably problematic. A spectrum of injuries, sometimes permanent, to the gluteal region, distal extremities, perineum, and spinal cord probably results from inadvertent intra-arterial injection, possibly due to vascular occlusion by large crystals of the penicillin salt(s). Since the arterial injurie disproportionately affect infants, use of these preparations in that age group should be minimized. The corresponding intravenous injection probably is Hoigne's syndrome, a procaine-induced central nervous system syndrome. Though usually brief and transient complications may be profound, including coma, convulsions, and death. Careful attention to details of anatomy and manufacturer's recommendations is critical.
Effects of high-fat diet and/or body weight on mammary tumor leptin and apoptosis signaling pathways in MMTV-TGF-α mice

Introduction Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with shortened mammary tumor (MT) latency in MMTV-TGF-α mice with dietary-induced obesity. One link between obesity and breast cancer is the adipokine, leptin. Here, the focus is on diet-induced obesity and MT and mammary fat pad (MFP) leptin and apoptotic signaling proteins.
Multiple motifs regulate apical sorting of p75 via a mechanism that involves dimerization and higher-order oligomerization

The sorting signals that direct proteins to the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells are complex and can include posttranslational modifications, such as N- and O-linked glycosylation. Efficient apical sorting of the neurotrophin receptor p75 is dependent on its O-glycosylated membrane proximal stalk, but how this domain mediates targeting is unknown. Protein oligomerization or clustering has been suggested as a common step in the segregation of all apical proteins. Like many apical proteins, p75 forms dimers, and we hypothesized that formation of higher-order clusters mediated by p75 dimerization and interactions of the stalk facilitate its apical sorting. Using fluorescence fluctuation techniques (photon-counting histogram and number and brightness analyses) to study p75 oligomerization status in vivo, we found that wild-type p75–green fluorescent protein forms clusters in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) but not at the plasma membrane. Disruption of either the dimerization motif or the stalk domain impaired both clustering and polarized delivery. Manipulation of O-glycan processing or depletion of multiple galectins expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells had no effect on p75 sorting, suggesting that the stalk domain functions as a structural prop to position other determinants in the lumenal domain of p75 for oligomerization. Additionally, a p75 mutant with intact dimerization and stalk motifs but with a dominant basolateral sorting determinant (Δ250 mutant) did not form oligomers, consistent with a requirement for clustering in apical sorting. Artificially enhancing dimerization restored clustering to the Δ250 mutant but was insufficient to reroute this mutant to the apical surface. Together these studies demonstrate that clustering in the TGN is required for normal biosynthetic apical sorting of p75 but is not by itself sufficient to reroute a protein to the apical surface in the presence of a strong basolateral sorting determinant. Our studies shed new light on the hierarchy of polarized sorting signals and on the mechanisms by which newly synthesized proteins are segregated in the TGN for eventual apical delivery.
Abstract A26: Translation of isoform-level gene signature into robust diagnostic assay for glioblastoma subtyping.

Translating the molecular signatures from classification strategies into robust diagnostic assays is essential for cancer therapy guidance and prognosis determination. To develop a clinically applicable molecular stratification assay for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with significant prognostic value, we designed a novel classification system based on isoform-level gene expression profiles; an avenue unexplored for diagnostic and prognostic use. Using isoform-level expression clustering of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples, we identified four GBM subgroups with significant (p=0.0103) survival differences. A four-class classifier, built with 121 transcript-variants, assigns GBM patients’ molecular subtype with 92% accuracy. The classifier was translated to a high-throughput RT-qPCR assay and validated on an independent cohort of 206 glioblastoma samples. We found that proneural patients have the worst prognosis except for younger patients (<40 years), while a better prognosis is observed for neural group among older patients (≥40 years). The isoform-level classifier, transformed from a high-dimensional platform to a low-dimensional RT-qPCR platform, provides a quantitative and reproducible stratification of GBM patients with prognostic significance, a requirement towards personalized medicine. The resulting diagnostic assay from the classifier has immediate clinical implications towards prioritizing patients for standard care versus aggressive therapy regimen. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A26. Citation Format: Yingtao Bi, Sharmistha Pal, Luke Macyszyn, Louise C. Showe, Donald O'Rourke, Ramana V. Davuluri. Translation of isoform-level gene signature into robust diagnostic assay for glioblastoma subtyping. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Petrotectonic evolution of the high- to ultrahigh-pressure Maksyutov Complex, Karayanova area, south Ural Mountains: structural and oxygen isotope constraints

The Maksyutov Complex consists of three fault-bounded lithologic units: a quartzofeldspathic gneiss containing mafic . . eclogite boudins Unit a1 ; a metasedimentary blueschist-facies Yumaguzinskaya unit; and a meta-ophiolitic melange ´ . . Unit a2 . The geologic history of the high- to ultrahigh-pressure HP-UHP assembly of the Maksyutov Complex is complicated by several stages of prolonged retrograde metamorphism and deformation. The Sakmara River exposes all three units near the former village of Karayanova. A structuralrpetrologic cross-section through the area yields new quantitative data for the complex and, regionally, for the south Urals. Analysis of the Karayanova area has identified the major structures. Regional folding within the complex is parallel to the dominant foliation trending northeast-southwest. Stereonet data show that, during exhumation, this large-scale folding was refolded about axes trending southeast. Unit a1 and the Yumaguzinskaya are tectonically and petrologically distinct units juxtaposed by west-vergent thrusting and recrystallization within the same subduction zone. A shear zone developed later between Unit a2 and the Unit a1q Yumaguzinskaya tectonic package accompanying exhumation. Field relations and petrofabric demonstrate that blueschist-facies recrystalliza- tion overprinted an earlier eclogite-facies metamorphism. Thermobarometric measurements yield P-T values of 594-6378C, 1.5-1.7 GPa for eclogite, but these conditions may reflect annealing during the early-stage exhumation at ; 375 Ma. Cuboid graphite aggregates testify to precursor conditions for Unit a1 within the diamond stability field, if such textures are correctly interpreted. Measured 18 Or 16 O partitioning between pairs of coexisting phases yield three main recrystallization . . temperature ranges: 1 678 " 838C, attending Unit a1 eclogite-facies metamorphism; 2 453" 178C, during transitional . blueschistrgreenschist-facies metamorphism for the amalgamated Unit a1q Yumaguzinskayaq Unit a2 assembly; and 3 250" 688C, reflecting late-stage hydrothermal alteration and exhumation. Oxygen isotope data for Units a1 and a2 indicate that garnet, blue amphibole, and pyroxene crystallized in isotopic equilibrium, validating previous thermobarometric calculations for a Unit a1 retrograde metamorphic event. Variations in d 18 O values for phengites suggest the possibility of late metamorphic fluid infiltration. Retrograde recrystallization at high pressure in the presence of fluids and a calculated
In and out: user fees and other unfortunate events during hospital admission and discharge

In various countries it has been reported that patients who receive hospital care, for example assisted birth, are detained inside the health facility until they pay their bills. The practice of hospital detention, whose magnitude is unknown, has been criticized as anti-humanitarian by UNICEF and human rights organizations. However, according to the author, leaving the hospital with a confirmed diagnosis and the recommended treatment can prove more difficult than simply being detained, particularly when health budgets are allocated with disregard for the social conditions in which people live, as in Latin America and elsewhere.
A mammalian pre-mRNA 5' end capping quality control mechanism and an unexpected link of capping to pre-mRNA processing.

Recently, we reported that two homologous yeast proteins, Rai1 and Dxo1, function in a quality control mechanism to clear cells of incompletely 5' end-capped messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here, we report that their mammalian homolog, Dom3Z (referred to as DXO), possesses pyrophosphohydrolase, decapping, and 5'-to-3' exoribonuclease activities. Surprisingly, we found that DXO preferentially degrades defectively capped pre-mRNAs in cells. Additional studies show that incompletely capped pre-mRNAs are inefficiently spliced at all introns, a fact that contrasts with current understanding, and are also poorly cleaved for polyadenylation. Crystal structures of DXO in complex with substrate mimic and products at a resolution of up to 1.5A provide elegant insights into the catalytic mechanism and molecular basis for their three apparently distinct activities. Our data reveal a pre-mRNA 5' end capping quality control mechanism in mammalian cells, indicating DXO as the central player for this mechanism, and demonstrate an unexpected intimate link between proper 5' end capping and subsequent pre-mRNA processing.
Historical Studies of Technical Communication in the United States and England: A Fifteen-Year Retrospection and Guide to Resources

Not only have historical studies of technical communication increased in quantity and quality over the last 15 years, but they have also entered the mainstream of technical communication research. These studies have focused on practitioners, artifacts, genres, movements, techniques, events, and the profession, as well as relevant methodology and pedagogy. There are still many opportunities for historical research in our discipline, particularly in the areas of chirographic, oral, and nonverbal communication as well as technical communication activities such as illustrating, translating, and editing and the business of technical communication. Researchers now have many online indexes, databases, and archives to assist them in locating and studying primary sources. There is a need, however, for greater coordination among scholars and a better awareness of the areas that have already been studied. Historical studies can serve teachers and practitioners by suggesting ideas, supplying precedents, creating critical distance, and establishing context.
Analytical Model for the P-Persistent 802.11 MAC Protocol in Unequal Load Conditions

In our earlier work, we presented analytical models for the p-persistent 802.11 MAC protocol in both saturated and unsaturated load conditions. Both models were developed based on the assumption that all the nodes have equal load. But, in the real world, equal load assumption is not always accurate. In this paper, we extend our analytical model to the case of unequal load conditions and use the extended model to calculate the service time delay and end-to-end delay. The analytical model is validated by extensive simulation results generated using NS2.
Resolving pertussis immunity and vaccine effectiveness using incidence time series

Resolving the long-term, population-level consequence of vaccine-induced immunity to pertussis is a key challenge for control strategies and vaccine development. Controlled vaccine efficacy studies provide invaluable information; however, they are limited in scope by their sample size and follow-up duration. Long-term time series of incidence data collected by public health institutions provide insight at a broader scale, especially when the data are spatially explicit and age stratified. By using modern ecological and statistical methodolgies, which are reviewed in this paper, new insights into the duration of transmission-blocking immunity and the age-specific patterns of transmission can be gained. Recent advances in computing power and statistical software development will increasingly make these methods available to public health practitioners, vaccine developers and academics alike.
Fatty‐acid profiles of white muscle and liver in stream‐maturing steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from early migration to kelt emigration

The profiles of specific fatty acids (FA) in white muscle and liver of fasting steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were evaluated at three periods during their prespawning migration and at kelt emigration in the Snake-Columbia River of Washington, Oregon and Idaho, to improve the understanding of energy change. Twenty-seven FAs were identified; depletion of 10 of these was positively correlated in liver and white muscle of prespawning O. mykiss. To observe relative changes in FA content more accurately over sampling intervals, the lipid fraction of tissues was used to normalize the quantity of individual FA to an equivalent tissue wet mass. Saturated and monounsaturated FAs were depleted between upstream migration in September and kelt emigration in June, whereas polyunsaturated FAs were more conserved. Liver was depleted of FAs more rapidly than muscle. Three FAs were detected across all sampling intervals: 16:0, 18:1 and 22:6n3, which are probably structurally important to membranes. When structurally important FAs of O. mykiss are depleted to provide energy, physiological performance and survival may be affected.
HELMINTHS OF THE SPOTTED SEAL, Phoca largha, FROM THE BERING SEA

Fifty-five spotted seals, Phoca largha, from the seasonal pack ice of the Bering Sea were examined for helminth parasites. Twelve species of helminths were found: Anophryocephalus ochotensis, Diplogonoporus tetrapterus, Diphyllobothrium cordatum, Phocanema decipiens, Contracaecum osculatum, Dipetalonema spirocauda, Phocitrema fusiforme, Corynosoma semerme, C. strumosum, C. validum, C. villosum, and Bolbosoma sp. Six species are new host records (A. ochotensis, D. tetrapterus, D. cordatum, D. spirocauda, C. validum, and C. villosum).
Early specialization of the superfast myosin in extraocular and laryngeal muscles.

Extraocular muscle (EOM) exhibits high-velocity, low-tension contractions compared with other vertebrate striated muscles. These distinctive properties have been associated with a novel myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform, MyHC-EO. An atypical MyHC, MyHC IIL, has also been identified in laryngeal muscles that have similarly fast contractile properties. It co-migrates with MyHC-EO on high-resolution SDS gels, but appeared to be encoded by a different mRNA. We combined CNBr peptide maps and full-length cDNA sequences to show that rabbit muscle EO and IIL MyHCs are identical. Analysis of the 5; untranslated region (5;UTR) of the mRNAs identified three variants that result from a combination of alternative splicing and multiple transcription initiation sites. This complex pattern of 5;UTRs has not been reported previously for MyHC genes. We identified the human homologue of the MyHC-EO gene in GenBank, and analyzed the 5; upstream region, which revealed a paucity of muscle-specific transcription factor binding sites compared with the other MyHC genes. These features are likely to be critical to the unique regulation and tissue-specific expression of the MyHC-EO/IIL gene.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that MyHC-EO/IIL diverged from an ancestral MyHC gene to generate the first specialized fast myosin. The catalytic S1 head domain is more closely related to the fast MyHCs, while the rod is more closely related to the slow/cardiac MyHCs. The exon boundaries of the MyHC-EO are identical to those of the embryonic MyHC gene and virtually identical to those of the α and (β) cardiac genes. This implies that most of the current exon boundaries were present in the ancestral gene, predating the duplications that generated the family of skeletal and cardiac myosin genes.
Reframing Parent Involvement: What Should Urban School Leaders Do Differently?

In this article we critically examine how teachers and administrators in an urban high school identify and consider the challenges to parent involvement without either engaging in or disrupting normative constructions of the term parent involvement. It is in this unintentional misconstruction of the notion of parent involvement that school leaders most often perceive Black and Hispanic parents in urban schools. Our aim is to trouble this hegemonic view and to offer alternative ways of knowing and practice in order to increase parent involvement and student achievement.
Reducing emergency department charting and ordering errors with a room number watermark on the electronic medical record display.

A survey of Emergency Department (ED) clinicians (ie, physicians, nurses and clinical assistants) at a single hospital in Honolulu, Hawai‘i was conducted to assess the frequency of errors in charting, and entering orders on the wrong patient's chart in the electronic medical record (EMR), and clinician opinion was sought on whether a simple watermark of the patient's room number might help reduce the number of these EMR “wrong patient errors.” ED clinicians (68 total surveys) were asked if and how often they charted in the wrong patient's chart or entered an order (physicians only) in the wrong patient's chart. Physicians had a combined self-reported average error rate of 1.3%. Mean rate of patient charting errors occurred at 0.5 errors and 0.4 errors per 100 hours, for nurses and clinical assistants, respectively. The majority (81%) of the 68 clinicians surveyed felt that a room number watermark would eliminate most of the wrong patient errors. In conclusion, charting on the wrong patient and order entry on the wrong patient type errors occur with varying frequencies amongst ED clinicians. Nearly all the clinicians believe that a room number watermark might be an effective strategy to reduce these errors.
Physiological aspects of pigment production in relation to morphogenesis in Panus tigrinus.

Correlations between purple pigment production and lack of fruiting in Panus tigrinus provide a means for studying possible factors controlling basidiocarp morphogenesis. Among 31 single-basidiospore isolates, all produced purple pigment when grown on basal liquid medium but when grown on basal agar medium they could be divided into purple-pigmenting and nonpigmenting groups. Dikaryons grown on basal agar medium synthesized melanin and fruited but when grown on basal liquid medium they failed to produce melanin, failed to fruit but produced a purple pigment. Phenylthiocarbamide, a melanin-synthesis inhibitor, blocked fruiting as well as inhibiting melanin synthesis and induced the accumulation of purple pigment.
A Push–Pull Test To Measure Root Uptake of Volatile Chemicals from Wetland Soils

This paper introduces a novel modification of the single-well “push–pull” test that uses nonvolatile and multiple volatile tracers to investigate the transport and root uptake kinetics of volatile chemicals in saturated soils. This technique provides an estimate of potential volatilization fluxes without relying on enclosure-based measurements. The new push–pull methodology was validated with mesocosm experiments, and bench-scale hydroponic measurements were performed to develop an empirical relationship for scaling root uptake rates between chemicals. A new modeling approach to interpret data using sulfur hexafluoride and helium as dual volatile tracers was developed and shown to decrease errors relative to existing analytical techniques that utilize bromide as a conservative tracer. Root uptake of the volatile tracers was diffusion-limited, and uptake rate constants (kv) in vegetated experimental mesocosms ranged from 0.021 ± 9.0 × 10–4 h–1 for CFC-12 to 2.41 ± 0.98 h–1 for helium. Hydroponic and mesoco...
Features of Poems in Praise of Spring from Six Dynasties of Han to Wei

Through studying the subjects,imagery and artistic features of poems in praise of spring from the period of the Six Dynasties of Han to Wei,we found out the following features: among the subjects of those poems,subjects sentimentalizing about spring are dominant when compared with enjoying spring ones,and they need special attention;during that period of time,the selection of imagery,nature imagery is dominant,and the selection of willow as imagery is unique;at the same time,the poems showed a transition from being rich and flowery to being life-oriented in the aesthetic sentiment.