cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of sertraline (Zoloft) for the treatment of hot flashes in women with early stage breast cancer taking tamoxifen.

: We observed the relief of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors taking tamoxifen and treated with sertraline for depression. Our objective was to assess the effect of sertraline on the frequency and severity of hot flashes, mood status, and health-related quality of life. We used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study using 6 weeks of sertraline (50 mg each morning) versus placebo. Study participants were 62 breast cancer survivors from an oncology clinic in a tertiary care center on adjuvant tamoxifen reporting bothersome hot flashes. Patients were asked to keep a daily hot flash diary to record hot flash frequency and severity, from which hot flash scores (frequency × severity) were calculated. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast (FACT-B) (at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks) were used to assess mood and quality of life. Sixty-two women were accrued. Forty-seven women (median age 53.9 years, range 36.6–77.1 years; 89% postmenopausal; 85.5% Caucasian) completed the first 6 weeks and 39 completed 12 weeks. The baseline daily hot flash frequency and score were 5.8 (standard deviation 4.1) and 11.5 (14.0), respectively. At the end of the first 6 weeks, hot flash frequency decreased by 50% in 36% of those taking sertraline compared to 27% taking placebo. In the crossover analysis, sertraline was significantly more effective than placebo: women crossing from placebo to sertraline had a decrease (−0.9 and −1.7) in hot flash frequency and score, whereas those crossing from sertraline to placebo had an increase (1.5 and 3.4) in hot flash frequency and score (p = 0.03 and 0.03). Forty-eight percent preferred the sertraline period, 11% preferred the placebo period, and 41% had no preference (p = 0.006). Measures of depression and quality of life were within normal range and did not change significantly within treatment groups. Sertraline decreases hot flashes in breast cancer survivors taking tamoxifen and women prefer sertraline to placebo. Further study of sertraline for the management of hot flashes is warranted.
Rapidly Cleared Episodes of Oral and Anogenital Herpes Simplex Virus Shedding in HIV-Infected Adults

Objective: To determine whether rapidly cleared episodes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation occur in HIV-infected adults. Methods: Twenty HSV-2―seropositive, HIV-seropositive adults, including 9 (45%) who were also HSV-1 seropositive, collected oral and anogenital swabs for HSV DNA polymerase chain reaction 4 times a day for 60 days. Samples were positive for HSV if we detected ≥150 copies of HSV DNA/mL of specimen. Results: Median HSV shedding episode duration was 7.5 (range 4-253) hours for oral and 11 (range 4-328) hours for anogenital reactivation. Thirty-five percent of oral and 29% of anogenital reactivations lasted ≤6 hours, and 59% of oral and 53% of anogenital reactivations lasted ≤12 hours. Seven of 9 participants who shed orally and 10 of 15 who shed anogenitally had ≥1 reactivation lasting ≤6 hours. The median maximum level of HSV DNA detected in an episode increased with episode duration for both oral and anogenital episodes. Concurrent oral and anogenital shedding occurred more frequently than expected: oral HSV shedding was detected on 17% of time points with anogenital but 1% of time points without anogenital, shedding (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Rapidly cleared episodes of oral and anogenital HSV shedding occur in HIV-infected persons, supporting the hypothesis that frequent anogenital mucosal immune activation caused by HSV-2 is present in HIV coinfected persons, potentially contributing to HIV infectiousness.
Community structure and cluster definition of Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, in the Bahamas

Fission-fusion dynamics typical of many delphinid populations allow for a variety of social grouping patterns. Identifying these groupings is crucial before conducting a detailed social structure analysis. This study analyzed the structure of a population of Bahamian spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis. Through long-term observations and preliminary analysis, three clusters were defined: Northern, Central, and Southern. To quantitatively investigate these delineations, we conducted analysis on 12 yr of sighting data using SOCPROG 2.3. Coefficients of association (CoA) were calculated using the half-weight index, with individuals sighted six or more times per pooled period (3 yr each). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MD), hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and Mantel tests were conducted to determine if any divisions were present. Mantel tests and MD plots analysis supported the delineations into the three clusters. Cluster analysis showed cluster groupings, but with less clear distinctions between the clusters. The amount and strength of associations were significantly higher within clusters than between clusters. Based on behavioral and geographic overlap, these clusters did not meet the definition of separate communities and thus were termed social clusters. These fine scale, within community divisions, are biologically and socially important aspects of their community and are crucial in understanding the dolphins’ social structure.
Vibrations in a moving flexible robot arm

The vibration in a flexible robot arm modeled by a moving slender prismatic beam is considered. It is found that the extending and contracting motions have destabilizing and stabilizing effects on the vibratory motions, respectively. The vibration analysis is based on a Galerkin approximation with time-dependent basis functions. Typical numerical results are presented to illustrate the qualitative features of vibrations.
Problem-solving environments for parallel computers

Abstract Man-machine interaction can take place at different levels of abstraction ranging from the machine-instruction level to the problem-specification level. A problem-solving environment should provide restructuring and debugging tools to make the interaction at these different levels possible and to allow the efficient use of the target machine. Restructurers translate from specifications to programs or from programs to more efficient versions. When the target machine is parallel, the restructurers should include techniques for the automatic exploitation of parallelism. Debuggers are necessary to test for correctness and to evaluate performance at the different levels. Debuggers for parallel programs have to deal with the possibility of nondeterminacy.
Gpx4 ablation in adult mice results in a lethal phenotype accompanied by neuronal loss in brain

Abstract Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is an antioxidant defense enzyme important in reducing hydroperoxides in membrane lipids and lipoproteins. Gpx4 is essential for survival of embryos and neonatal mice; however, whether Gpx4 is required for adult animals remains unclear. In this study, we generated a floxed Gpx4 mouse (Gpx4(f/f)), in which exons 2–4 of Gpx4 gene are flanked by loxP sites. We then cross-bred the Gpx4(f/f) mice with a tamoxifen (tam)-inducible Cre transgenic mouse (R26CreER mice) to obtain mice in which the Gpx4 gene could be ablated by tam administration (Gpx4(f/f)/Cre mice). After treatment with tam, adult Gpx4(f/f)/Cre mice (6–9 months of age) showed a significant reduction of Gpx4 levels (a 75–85% decrease) in tissues such as brain, liver, lung, and kidney. Tam-treated Gpx4(f/f)/Cre mice lost body weight and died within 2 weeks, indicating that Gpx4 is essential for survival of adult animals. Tam-treated Gpx4(f/f)/Cre mice exhibited increased mitochondrial damage, as evidenced by the elevated 4-hydroxylnonenal (4-HNE) level, decreased activities of electron transport chain complexes I and IV, and reduced ATP production in liver. Tam treatment also significantly elevated apoptosis in Gpx4(f/f)/Cre mice. Moreover, tam-treated Gpx4(f/f)/Cre mice showed neuronal loss in the hippocampus region and had increased astrogliosis. These data indicate that Gpx4 is essential for mitochondria integrity and survival of neurons in adult animals.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Isomers of Tris(1-Oxo-22(1H)-Pyridinethionate)Iron(III), Chromium(III), and Cobalt(III) Complexes

Abstract Among the chelating functional groups found in the microbial iron-transport agents called siderophores are hydroxamate, catecholate, and thiohydroxamate. The synthesis and properties of several chiral ligands containing l-hydroxy-22(1H)-pyridinethione are reported. The synthesis and properties of ferric, chromic and cobaltic complexes of these ligands are reported as well. The Cr(III) and Co(III) complexes give electronic absorption spectra which show the two expected d-d transition for d 3 and low-spin d 6 octahedral complexes superimposed on very broad ligand transitions. Two absorption maxima are also seen in the electronic spectra of the ferric complexes, and which appear to be charge transfer transitions. These spectra resemble those of corresponding thiobenzohydroxamate complexes. Since the ligands are chiral, four diastereomers are possible, but only one isomer has been observed for each complex. All complexes seem to have the cis (or facial) geometry, with C 3 point symmetry, and both con...
Secret test use and self‐esteem in deteriorating relationships

The present study extends Baxter and Wilmot's (1984) research on secret tests (strategies used to acquire information about interpersonal relationships) in romantic potential relationships to deteriorating romantic relationships, and it examines self‐esteem's role in this information seeking process. It was hypothesized that deteriorating relationships would involve more secret tests than stable relationships due to higher levels of uncertainty associated with transitional relationships, and that self‐esteem and secret test use would be negatively related. The hypotheses were supported for rule deviation tests (strategies that conflict with common relationship norms), but not for overt action tests (strategies involving direct communication with the partner or in the partner's presence). After accounting for the effects of self‐esteem, sex, relationship length, and desire for relationship disengagement on secret test use, desire for relationship disengagement was more strongly associated with both types o...
Psychometric Validation of a Multidimensional Schema of Substance Use Topology: Discrimination of High and Low Risk Youth and Prediction of Substance Use Disorder

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a multidimensional schema for the assessment of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use topology. Six first order dimensions and a single second order dimension were confirmed. The first order dimensions are: motive state, beliefs and expectancies, social context, substance use behavior, behavioral pharmacological consequences, and social consequences. At age 16, the second order factor score predicted transition to a DSM-III-R substance use disorder (SUD) at age 19 with 71% accuracy and correlated significantly with the overall problem density score of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (R2 = .27, p < .0001). Offspring of substance-abusing fathers scored higher than boys having normal fathers on the motive state and substance use behavior dimensions. These findings illustrate the value of multidimensional assessment of ATOD topology for identifying youth at high risk for SUD as well as for elucidating the factors contributing to the transition to sup...
Fluid---structure interaction modeling of wind turbines: simulating the full machine

In this paper we present our aerodynamics and fluid---structure interaction (FSI) computational techniques that enable dynamic, fully coupled, 3D FSI simulation of wind turbines at full scale, and in the presence of the nacelle and tower (i.e., simulation of the "full machine"). For the interaction of wind and flexible blades we employ a nonmatching interface discretization approach, where the aerodynamics is computed using a low-order finite-element-based ALE-VMS technique, while the rotor blades are modeled as thin composite shells discretized using NURBS-based isogeometric analysis (IGA). We find that coupling FEM and IGA in this manner gives a good combination of efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility of the computational procedures for wind turbine FSI. The interaction between the rotor and tower is handled using a non-overlapping sliding-interface approach, where both moving- and stationary-domain formulations of aerodynamics are employed. At the fluid---structure and sliding interfaces, the kinematic and traction continuity is enforced weakly, which is a key ingredient of the proposed numerical methodology. We present several simulations of a three-blade 5~MW wind turbine, with and without the tower. We find that, in the case of no tower, the presence of the sliding interface has no effect on the prediction of aerodynamic loads on the rotor. From this we conclude that weak enforcement of the kinematics gives just as accurate results as the strong enforcement, and thus enables the simulation of rotor---tower interaction (as well as other applications involving mechanical components in relative motion). We also find that the blade passing the tower produces a 10---12 % drop (per blade) in the aerodynamic torque. We feel this finding may be important when it comes to the fatigue-life analysis and prediction for wind turbine blades.
PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITORS INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN MALIGNANT GLIOMA CELL LINES

Previous work has demonstrated the importance of the protein kinase C (PKC) system in regulating glioma growth, and has led to clinical trials utilizing PKC inhibitors as adjuncts in the therapy of patients harboring malignant gliomas. This study was performed to explore the possibility that inhibition of PKC in gliomas was triggering an apoptosis signal. Glioma cell lines were treated with PKC inhibitors staurosporine (10 nM), and tamoxifen (10 μM). DNA from cells treated with each of these drugs exhibited a ‘ladder’ pattern of oligonucleosome-sized fragments characteristic of apoptosis, thus suggesting that in glioma cells, these drugs may be cytocidal in action.
A stone heart: fatal cardiac microcalcification.

Marked cardiac uptake of 99mTc-methyl-diphosphonate was noted on a bone scan performed in a patient with end-stage renal failure, on long-term dialysis. Amyloidosis was considered a possible explanation for clinical features that included severe left ventricular hypertrophy, low-voltage ECG, atrial and ventricular arrhythmia. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging demonstrated an unusual pattern of delayed contrast hyperenhancement of the entire left ventricular myocardium, suggesting diffuse myocardial fibrosis. This pattern was not typical for amyloidosis. Non-contrast CT …
Tensile stress contribution of flow-oriented slender particles in non-newtonian fluids

Abstract A formula is derived for the intrinsic stress contribution from closely-spaced, rod-like rigid particles suspended in a non-Newtonian liquid subject to a simple extensional flow. The present results indicate that, compared to the Newtonian-fluid result given previously by Batchelor [1], a much smaller particle-stress effect may occur in non-Newtonian fluid, owing to shear thinning and possible tensile stiffening in the fluid itself. While unsubstantiated by any critical experimental test, this prediction appears to agree qualitatively with some recent experimental observations of Charrier and Rieger [29] on glass fibers in polymer melts. Further work is suggested for the relevant slender-body theory, particularly the far-field body influence in non-linear fluids.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in human breast cancer: A case-control analysis

The importance of a genetic polymorphism (A/B allele) of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pseudogene on chromosome 13q34-qter, and PARP enzyme activities in the development of human breast cancer were evaluated in a cancer case-control study. A total of 309 Caucasian women (> or = 50 years old) were evaluated for the PARP genotype, 70 of whom had histologically confirmed breast cancer, 128 women with benign breast diseases as study controls, and 111 reference controls. Age was significantly associated with case-control status (p < 0.0001), but family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, age at first live birth and parity were not. The frequency of the PARP B allele was similar in breast cancer cases (0.14), study controls (0.13), and reference controls (0.15). In a subset of 14 breast cancer cases and 32 study controls, the mean PARP enzyme activities (induced by H2O2 or oligonucleotide) were observed to be lower in cancer cases; an age-adjusted odds ratio of 3.40 (95% confidence interval = 0.70-19.54) for the below-median oligonucleotide-induced PARP was suggestive of an association. In subjects with the AB or BB genotype, the mean H2O2-induced PARP enzyme activity was significantly higher (p = 0.02, adjusted for case-control status and age) compared with that in subjects with the AA genotype. These findings indicate that: (a) the genetic polymorphism of the PARP pseudogene on chromosome 13 is not associated with the development of breast cancer in our study population; (b) oligonucleotide-induced PARP activity may be useful for identifying postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer; and (c) there is a possible functional link between the genotype of the PARP pseudogene and enzyme activation.
Current practices in library/informatics instruction in academic libraries serving medical schools in the western United States: a three-phase action research study

To conduct a systematic assessment of library and informatics training at accredited Western U.S. medical schools. To provide a structured description of core practices, detect trends through comparisons across institutions, and to identify innovative training approaches at the medical schools. Action research study pursued through three phases. The first phase used inductive analysis on reported library and informatics skills training via publicly-facing websites at accredited medical schools and the academic health sciences libraries serving those medical schools. Phase Two consisted of a survey of the librarians who provide this training to undergraduate medical education students at the Western U.S. medical schools. The survey revealed gaps in forming a complete picture of current practices, thereby generating additional questions that were answered through the Phase Three in-depth interviews. Publicly-facing websites reviewed in Phase One offered uneven information about library and informatics training at Western U.S. medical schools. The Phase Two survey resulted in a 77% response rate. The survey produced a clearer picture of current practices of library and informatics training. The survey also determined the readiness of medical students to pass certain aspects of the United States Medical Licensure Exam. Most librarians interacted with medical school curricular leaders through either curricula committees or through individual contacts. Librarians averaged three (3) interventions for training within the four-year curricula with greatest emphasis upon the first and third years. Library/informatics training was integrated fully into the respective curricula in almost all cases. Most training involved active learning approaches, specifically within Problem-Based Learning or Evidence-Based Medicine contexts. The Phase Three interviews revealed that librarians are engaged with the medical schools' curricular leaders, they are respected for their knowledge and teaching skills, and that they need to continually adapt to changes in curricula. This study offers a long overdue, systematic view of current practices of library/informatics training at Western U.S. medical schools. Medical educators, particularly curricular leaders, will find opportunities in this study's results for more productive collaborations with the librarians responsible for library and informatics training at their medical schools.
Triphenylphosphine–2,4,5‐Triiodoimidazole

(Ph3P) [603-35-0] C18H15P (MW 262.30) InChI = 1S/C18H15P/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1-15H InChIKey = RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,5-triiodoimidazole) [1746-25-4] C3HI3N2 (MW 445.76) InChI = 1S/C3HI3N2/c4-1-2(5)8-3(6)7-1/h(H,7,8) InChIKey = HIDCNJIBRZBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (deoxygenation of vicinal diols1 and epoxides to form alkenes; conversion of alcohols to iodides) Physical Data: see Triphenylphosphine; 2,4,5-triiodoimidazole, mp 190–192 °C. Preparative Methods: the reagent reported by Garegg and Samuelsson1, 2 is prepared in situ by the combination of a 1∶2 ratio of Triphenylphosphine and 2,4,5-triiodoimidazole in toluene or, preferably, toluene/acetonitrile.3 2,4,5-Triiodoimidazole is prepared via the treatment of Imidazole with Iodine and Sodium Hydroxide in a two-phase reaction in water/petroleum ether and recrystallized from methanol.3
Management Accounting in an Early Multidivisional Organization: General Motors in the 1920s*

Introduction of the multidivisional enterprise, which has generally replaced the functional or departmental form of organization in the twentieth century, required management accounting techniques that provided both divisional and top management with data with which to evaluate individual managers' performance, company-wide performance, and future company policy. Professor Johnson discusses the development of these controls at General Motors, the results obtained with them in practice, and their alleged shortcomings, especially in respect to division managers' attitudes towards constructive decisions that might tend to limit in the short run the rate of return on the investment entrusted to them. He concludes with some observations on the influence that organization has had on corporate goals.
Attacks and risk analysis for hardware supported software copy protection systems

Recently, there is a growing interest in the research community to use tamper-resistant processors for software copy protection. Many of these tamper-resistant systems rely on a specially tailored secure processor to prevent, 1) illegal software duplication, 2) unauthorized software modification, and 3)unauthorized software reverse engineering. The published techniques primarily focused on feasibility demonstration and design details rather than analyzing security risks and potential attacks from an adversary's perspective. The uniqueness of software copy protection may lead to some potential attacks on such a secure environment that have been largely ignored or insufficiently addressed in the literature. One should not take security for granted just because it is implemented on a tamper-resistant secure processor. Detailed analysis on some proposed ideas reveal potential vulnerability and attacks. Some of the attacks are known to the security community, nevertheless, their implications to software copy protection are not well understood and discussed. This paper presents these cases for designers to improve their systems and circumvent the potential security pitfalls and for users of such systems to be aware of the potential risks
Platelets, antiplatelet therapy, and diabetic nephropathy.

Chronic renal insufficiency develops in approxi­ mately 40% of patients with type 1 insulindependent diabetes mellitus. 1 Nephropathy ap­ pears from 15 to 30 years after the onset of diabetes, is signaled by dipstick-positive proteinuria, and is commonly antedated by diabetic angiopathy, especially diabetic retinopathy. 1 Af­ ter the appearance of proteinuria, renal function progressively deteriorates, and within 5 years (as indicated by earlier studies 2 ) or 10 years (as cited in a more recent publication 3 ), end-stage diabetic renal disease is reached. During the course of dia­ betic nephropathy, patients exhibit unremitting proteinuria that frequently is in the nephrotic range, are commonly hypertensive, and are sub­ ject to a variety of symptoms that arise from such extrarenal complications of diabetes as retinop­ athy, neuropathy, gastrointestinal autonomic dys­ function, and coronary insufficiency. 1 " 3 The added burden of renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. 4 In an effort to retard the progressive decline in renal function and to delay the onset of endstage renal disease, several therapeutic approaches have been proposed in recent years. Effective control of even mild to moderate hypertension in patients with diabetic nephropathy leads to di­ minished rates of protein excretion and a decreased rate of loss of renal function. 5 For example, in a study by Parving and associates, 5 reduction of mean arterial pressure from 144/98 mm Hg to 128/84 mm Hg with regimens that consisted of /3-blockers, hydralazine, and diuretics reduced the rate of decline of the glomerular filtration rate from 0.91 to 0.39 mm/min per month and delayed the estimated onset of end-stage renal disease for several years. Converting enzyme inhibitors may exert a protective effect in diabetic nephropathy
Automated detection of Human Papillomavirus: Via analysis of Linear Array images

Persistent infections with carcinogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are a necessary cause for cervical cancer, which is the fifth most deadly cancer for women worldwide. Approximately 20 million Americans are currently infected with HPV but only a subset will develop cervical cancer. While a negative HPV test indicates a very low risk for cervical cancer, a positive test cannot discriminate between an innocuous transient infection and a prevalent cancer. Additional information such as HPV genotype and HPV viral load is thought to improve the predictive ability of which women will develop cervical cancer. The visual interpretation of hybridization-strip-based HPV genotyping results, however, is heterogeneous and poorly standardized. This has led to work toward the development of a robust automated image analysis package for HPV genotyping strips.
Carbohydrate and calling: Depletion of muscle glycogen and the chorusing dynamics of the neotropical treefrog Hyla microcephala

Chorusing males of the neotropical treefrog Hyla microcephala call in distinct bouts punctuated by periods of silence, a pattern known as unison bout singing. Schwartz (1991) previously tested and refuted the hypotheses that males periodically stop calling either because of a female preference for males that call cyclically, or because high ambient noise levels inhibit vocal activity. Males of H. microcephala are vocally responsive to the calls of other males, and during calling bouts their rate of note production can exceed 10,000 per hour. In natural choruses females preferentially pair with males that call at the higher rates. Because females can pair with males over many hours, males may stop calling periodically to save energy so they can continue to call for the entire period that females are available. We directly tested this energy conservation hypothesis by collecting samples of males early in the evening just after chorusing commenced and later when chorusing had ended for the night. Trunk muscles (internal and external oblique), which are responsible for the airflow associated with note production, were dissected, frozen, and their glycogen content measured. Data on calling behavior were obtained for late-evening samples. Individual calling behavior was not correlated with a male's final glycogen level. In addition, many males ended their calling before glycogen reserves were exhausted, indicating that factors other than energy can determine when males finally stop chorusing. However, the biochemical assays supported the energy conservation hypothesis. Unless chorusing was punctuated by pauses, most males would have been unable to sustain high rates of calling for an entire evening without exhausting glycogen reserves in their trunk muscles. Because the time females pair with males is probably unpredictable to males., the ability to call for long periods may improve a male's chances of mating.
Adult Ovarian Function Can Be Affected by High Levels of Soy

Ovarian function in adults is controlled by hormones circulating in the body. The primary hormone responsible for cyclicity in animals and humans is estrogen. Estrogen is mostly produced in the ovary and enters the circulation where it then signals the brain for a response. The parts of the brain that controls reproductive hormones are the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Estrogen stimulates the hypothalamus to produce gonadotropin releasing hormone, which in turn signals the anterior pituitary to produce follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. These hormones enter the circulation and signal the ovary to ovulate. Substances with estrogenic activity can potentially interfere with this signaling if levels of activity are sufficient to cause a response. Soy foods contain estrogenic substances called phytoestrogens. The predominant phytoestrogens found in soy are genistein and daidzein. The female reproductive system is dependent on hormones for proper function and phytoestrogens at very high levels can interfere with this process. This paper summarizes the literature on adult soy consumption and its effect on ovarian function.
The role of nonocclusive sources of acute gut injury in cardiac surgery.

From the Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Address reprint requests to Jorn Karhausen, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC 27710. Tel: +919 681 0862; Fax: +919 681 8994, E-mail: jorn. karhausen@dm.duke.edu © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/2605-0031$36.00/0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2013.04.016
Massage Therapy After Cardiac Surgery

Cardiac surgery presents a life-saving and life-enhancing opportunity to hundreds of thousands of patients each year in the United States. However, many patients face significant challenges during the postoperative period, including pain, anxiety, and tension. Mounting evidence demonstrates that such challenges can impair immune function and slow wound healing, in addition to causing suffering for the patient. Finding new approaches to mitigate these challenges is necessary if patients are to experience the full benefits of surgery. Massage therapy is a therapy that has significant evidence to support its role in meeting these needs. This paper looks at the data surrounding the use of massage therapy in cardiac surgery patients, with a special focus on the experience at Mayo Clinic.
Relief of refractory angina with continuous intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin.

Seventy-five patients with chest pain due to prolonged myocardial ischemia (group I, n=45) or acute myocardial infarction (group II, n=30) were treated with continuous intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin. Pain relief was achieved immediately or after titration in 40 of 45 group I patients and 22 of 30 group II patients. Of the 29 group I patients who received narcotic analgesics for pain relief prior to the nitroglycerin infusion, 20 experienced a decrease in narcotics required for pain relief while intravenously receiving nitroglycerin. Twenty-four of 28 group I patients and 14 of 19 group II patients who had angina refractory to multiple doses of sublingual nitroglycerin received relief with intravenous administration of nitroglycerin. This data suggests that intravenous administration of nitroglycerin is useful, adjunctive therapy for chest pain even when refractory to multiple doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Designing Nonwovens to Meet Pore Size Specifications

New nonwovens applications in areas such as filtration require a media designed to particular pore size specifications in the 3 to 20 micron range. The purpose of this work was to develop a basis by which to design and construct a fabric with given pore size specifications. While doing so we have provided a validation for two different mathematical models. We have also found that bicomponent spunbonded islands-in-the-sea nonwoven fabrics can be designed very precisely to achieve target pore diameters and porosity. Mathematical models can be used to develop fabric specifications in the standard manufacturing terms of basis weight and fiber diameter. Measured mean flow pore diameters for the test fabrics showed excellent correlation to targeted mean flow pore diameters for both models. The experimental fit to the Bryner model is the better of the two, but requires specification of fabric thickness in addition to basis weight and fiber diameter to achieve actual mean pore diameters that closely match target values. Experimental validation of the influence of fabric thickness on the mean flow pore diameter at constant basis weight and fiber diameter remains open for further investigation. In addition, achieving complete separation of the island and sea polymers along with unbundling of the island fibers remain areas for improvement.
Thumbnails and Other Body Parts

In a decision bound to bring tears of joy to all those search engines who profit guiding web searchers to adult, and other, websites, the Ninth Circuit vacated an injunction entered against the search engine Google. If the injunction had not been vacated Google would be barred from displaying thumbnail sketches of nude photographs owned by a company named Perfect 10.Perfect 10 was terribly displeased that Google appeared to be abetting or contributing to the infringement of its images and demanded it cease and desist, which Google ignored. A copyright suit was brought against Google, and a preliminary injunction was sought that would stop the copying, distribution and contributory infringement of Perfect 10’s images. The District Court enjoined Google from reproducing thumbnails and it appealed. It did not find it likely Google would have vicarious liability or be a contributory infringer, and Perfect 10 filed a cross appeal.This brief article goes on to discuss the merits and outcome of this litigation.
THE ARCHITECTURE AND THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE HEAD AND NECK OF THE FEMUR AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF FRACTURES OF THE NECK

The architecture of the head and neck of the femur explains the exact site of the fracture line both in vertical and lateral compression of old and young. The pathognomonic position, eversion of the femur with the fractured neck, is the result of the action of the ischiofemoral ligament combined with muscular fixation. The question of healing of fractures of neck is entirely dominated by the difference of nutritional conditions in different types of fractures and in various ages of the patient.
Sleep and Aging: Insomnia in the Geriatric Population

Sleep complaints are common among older adults. About 20% of older adults who responded to the 2003 National Sleep Foundation poll admitted taking a sleep pill prescribed by a doctor or use over-the-counter sleep pills or drink alcohol, wine, or beer to promote sleep with 15% admitting using these aids every or almost every night. Overall, those who report a good health have a better quality of sleep than those who estimate having a fair or poor health. Sleep patterns are affected by age-related changes in circadian rhythms, medications, pain and medical conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, excessive daytime sleep, and specific sleep pathologies. Inadequate quality and quantity of sleep impact daytime alertness, physical, mood, and cognitive function. Neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., depression and dementia), digestive system diseases (e.g., esophageal reflux), pain, heart disease, and chronic pulmonary problems increase risk of insomnia. Insomnia itself may increase risk of chronic disease.
Cognitive approaches to the study of episodic future thinking

The concept of episodic future thinking—the ability to simulate events that may take place in the personal future—has given rise to an exponentially growing field of research that spans a variety of sub-disciplines within psychology and neuroscience. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a brief historical overview of factors that have shaped research on the topic and highlight the need for additional behavioural work to uncover cognitive mechanisms that support episodic future thinking and differentiate it from other related modes of future-oriented cognition. We conclude by discussing the manner in which the various contributions to the special issue fill the gaps in our knowledge and make some of our own suggestions for future work.
Sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of “bath salt” constituents, 4‐methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), in male Sprague-Dawley rats

BACKGROUND: Synthetic cathinones, 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), serve as a substrate or blocker at monoaminergic transporters, respectively, and produce locomotor stimulant effects in rodents. The present study investigated in rats the effects of repeated exposure to 4-MMC, MDPV, or mixtures of the two on the induction of locomotor sensitization and expression of cross-sensitization to cocaine. METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of saline, MDPV (0.5mg/kg), 4-MMC (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0mg/kg) or mixtures of 0.5mg/kg MDPV+4-MMC (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0mg/kg) for seven consecutive days. Locomotor activity was recorded on days 1 and 7 and again after an acute injection of 5mg/kg cocaine following a 10day drug washout period. RESULTS: Rats injected with 0.5mg/kg MDPV, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0mg/kg 4-MMC, or 2.0mg/kg 4-MMC+0.5mg/kg MDPV displayed time-dependent increases in horizontal activity that were augmented on day 7 compared to day 1. In addition, rats pretreated with 0.5mg/kg MDPV, 2.0mg/kg 4-MMC, or mixtures of 4-MMC+MDPV displayed an enhanced response to cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Locomotor responses sensitize to MDPV and to certain mixtures of MDPV and 4-MMC following repeated dosing. Furthermore, previous exposure to these substances may produce cross-sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine. Considered together with recent findings that 4-MMC and MDPV have different sites of action, but both influence monoaminergic functioning, further investigations utilizing a variety of behavioral assays may prove informative regarding the abuse liability of synthetic cathinone mixtures.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
A Study on Application of Inhalation Risk Assessment Model of USEPA in Occupational Health Risk Assessment

Objective To evaluate the applicability of inhalation risk assessment model provided by US Environmental Protection Agency( USEPA) in occupational health risk assessment in paper- making,chemical and electroplating industries. Methods A total of 11 factories in paper- making,chemical and electroplating industries were investigated.The risk assessment model of USEPA was used to assess occupational health risk levels,including cancer and non- cancer risks. These results were compared with occupational exposure limits,classification of occupational hazards and related literatures. Results The hazard quotient( HQ) of nasal lesions of the olfactory mucosa caused by hydrogen sulfide in paper- making industry was 36. 3. The HQs of hyperplasia of nasal mucosa larynx and trachea caused by hydrogen chloride and cerebellar lesions caused by methyl chloride in organosilicon synthesis factory were 8. 2 and 1. 4 respectively. The HQs of decreased pulmonary function or increased severity of rhinitis and pneumonia caused by ammonia in pesticide factory were1. 2 and 1. 5 respectively. The HQ of impaired motor coordination caused by xylenes in chemical solvent factory was 2. 4.The HQs of hyperplasia of nasal mucosa larynx and trachea caused by hydrogen chloride and nasal septum atrophy caused by hexavalent chromium in electroplating industry were 2. 3- 75. 3 and 192. 5- 25 675 respectively. The risk levels of paper- making,chemical and electroplating industries were all identified as high on the basis of evidence showing that HQswere all higher than 1. The risk of lung cancer caused by hexavalent chromium in electroplating industry was 0. 001-0. 1647. The results of risk assessment were consistent with the reported literature. Conclusion Inhalation risk assessment model provided by USEPA can be used to assess the occupational health risks of paper- making, chemical and electroplating industries and have better identification ability.
Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions.

Mounting evidence demonstrates that CYP2B6 plays a much larger role in human drug metabolism than was previously believed. The discovery of multiple important substrates of CYP2B6 as well as polymorphic differences has sparked increasing interest in the genetic and xenobiotic factors contributing to the expression and function of the enzyme. The expression of CYP2B6 is regulated primarily by the xenobiotic receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in the liver. In addition to CYP2B6, these receptors also mediate the inductive expression of CYP3A4, and a number of important phase II enzymes and drug transporters. CYP2B6 has been demonstrated to play a role in the metabolism of 2%–10% of clinically used drugs including widely used antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, anesthetics propofol and ketamine, synthetic opioids pethidine and methadone, and the antiretrovirals nevirapine and efavirenz, among others. Significant inter-individual variability in the expression and function of the human CYP2B6 gene exists and can result in altered clinical outcomes in patients receiving treatment with CYP2B6-substrate drugs. These variances arise from a number of sources including genetic polymorphism, and xenobiotic intervention. In this review, we will provide an overview of the key players in CYP2B6 expression and function and highlight recent advances made in assessing clinical ramifications of important CYP2B6-mediated drug–drug interactions.
Designing Modern Linkages to Trace Bezier Curves.

A design of a class of linkages is presented which are less complex than those suggested by Kapovich and Millson in the con guration of conventional planar linkages. Conventional linkage constraints are relaxed allowing sliding joints and telescoping links. The precise number of xed links, telescoping links, and sliding contacts is determined for this modern linkage to trace a Bezier curve of any degree in 2D or 3D space. A suggested realization of the linkage tracing a quadratic Bezier curve is provided.
Firm-Manager Matching and the Tradeoffs of CFO Accounting Expertise

We examine the firm and industry characteristics associated with hiring accounting expert CFOs to provide evidence on the costs and benefits to firms that hire these CFOs. Our findings suggest that acquiring accounting expertise requires a costly tradeoff in terms of acquiring other skills, including operational knowledge and strategic expertise. We find that this tradeoff is reflected in firms’ hiring decisions ex ante and affects the structure of the top management team ex post. The study contributes to the literature on firm-manager matching and complements prior work that studies the beneficial effects of CFO accounting expertise on reporting outcomes.
Analysis of Earthquake Records from Structures: An Overview

The paper presents an overview of the methods that are available to analyze seismic records from structures. A typical analysis involves data processing, system identification, and damage detection. Data processing aims to minimize the ambient and instrument noise in the data, as well as possible low-frequency drifts, outliers, and other unwanted signals. System identification deals with determining the dynamic characteristics of a structure from its recorded response. There are a large number of methods available in the literature for system identification, varying from simple Fourier analysis to stochastic adaptive filtering. Unless data require otherwise, simple methods should be preferred for identification, because they are more robust and results are easier to interpret. Modal identification is the most widely used form of system identification. An alternative is the discrete-time filters, which provide a convenient model for identification of linear as well as nonlinear structures. Special techniques can be developed to identify a particular component of response, such as torsion, soil-structure interaction, and inter-story drift. Damage detection is a subject that is closely related to nonlinear system identification. Since a damaged structure almost always behaves in a nonlinear fashion, the problem of damage detection becomes equivalent to identification of the nonlinear behavior in the structure. The standard method for damage detection has been to observe the changes in the frequencies of the structure, However, unless it is a major damage, frequencies are not very sensitive to damage, particularly to localized damage. More reliable methods for damage detection can be developed by using time-frequency analyses and wave propagation techniques.
Dance/movement therapy in the treatment of post traumatic stress: A reference model

Abstract Given the debilitating effects of psychological trauma, the development of effective treatments is critical. Current treatment trends are increasingly inclusive of body-centered and alternative techniques. Nevertheless, the creative arts therapies (CATs) continue to be underrepresented in the literature in their work with this population. In this paper I focus on the phenomenon of interoception in the recovery process from trauma and present a dance/movement therapy (DMT) application model that is grounded in empirical findings. In three steps, safety, regulating hyperarousal, and attending to interoception, I offer practical suggestions and guidelines for the treatment of trauma survivors in the beginning stage of their recovery. This model is not meant to be exhaustive. Instead, it is hoped that, as it hones in on the basic issues of physical disconnection and lack of interoception in trauma survivors, it might function as an initial building block for a more complete treatment model in the future.
Tunable, Chemo- and Site-Selective Nitrene Transfer Reactions through the Rational Design of Silver(I) Catalysts

ConspectusCarbon–nitrogen (C–N) bonds are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, diverse bioactive natural products, and ligands for transition metal catalysts. An effective strategy for introducing a new C–N bond into a molecule is through transition metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer chemistry. In these reactions, a metal–supported nitrene can either add across a C═C bond to form an aziridine or insert into a C–H bond to furnish the corresponding amine. Typical catalysts for nitrene transfer include Rh2Ln and Ru2Ln complexes supported by bridging carboxylate and related ligands, as well as complexes based on Cu, Co, Ir, Fe, and Mn supported by porphyrins and related ligands.A limitation of metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer is the ability to predictably select which specific site will undergo amination in the presence of multiple reactive groups; thus, many reactions rely primarily on substrate control. Achieving true catalyst-control over nitrene transfer would open up exciting possibilities for fle...
Revealing a Role for NMDA Receptors in Regulating STN Inputs following the Loss of Dopamine

In this issue of Neuron, Chu et al. (2017) show that dopamine depletion using a 6-OHDA model causes a decrease in hyperdirect inputs from the motor cortex directly to the STN and that rescuing this loss alleviates Parkinsonian symptoms.