cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The Striving”: Eliot's Difficult Ethics

Responding to the new modernist studies' attempts to interrogate the boundaries between high and low cultural artifacts, this essay historicizes T. S. Eliot's cultural prose, including his Criterion commentaries and longer works, to argue for his interventionism. Although recent studies continue Raymond Williams's assessment in Culture and Society that the impossible implementation of Eliot's organicist cultural project speaks to his lack of systematic coherence, his emphasis on ethical rectitude over direct action does not necessarily indicate diffidence in his religious goals. Instead, the efficacy Eliot discovered within uncomfortable and difficult intellectual states is related to his cultural project, which banks its success on his prose's structural and thematic resemblance to religious mystery. Eliot's ethical priorities render his writings from protestations into transformative and conversional vehicles, providing the non-violent vehicle for the Christian Society he favors.
Analysis of [3H]estradiol binding to nuclei prepared from epididymides of sexually immature intact rabbits.

Abstract The estrogen receptor that is present in the epididymis of sexually immature rabbits is capable of entering nuclei in the time- and temperature-dependent manner characteristic of such reactions. Nuclear translocation reaches a maximum after 1 h of incubation at 23°C. Even short incubations (15 min) at 37°C destroy the cytoplasmic receptor and as a consequence nuclear translocation at this temperature is precluded. We have noted that a small, but demonstrable, amount of receptor enters nuclei at 0°C. Nuclear translocation is absolutely dependent upon estradiol binding to the receptor as shown by the fact that inhibitors of estradiol binding to the receptor (unlabeled estradiol, estrone and estriol) prevent translocation. Compounds that do not prevent estradiol binding to the receptor (5α-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone and cortisol) have no effect on the translocation of the estradiol-receptor complex to nuclei. Nuclei incubated with [ 3 H]estradiol in the absence of receptor did not take up the hormone. Nuclear binding of estradiol falls into two categories: (a) that which is readily extractable with 0.4 M KCl; and (b) that which is resistant to KCl extraction. The resistant fraction is further subdivided into a fraction from which label can be readily extracted with ethanol and an ethanol-resistant residual fraction. The KCl-soluble fraction represents about 30% of the total radioactivity associated with nuclei. Acceptor sites for the estradiol-receptor complex are not limited to target cell nuclei since the complex is apparently bound to nuclear constituents in two presumptive nontarget tissues (spleen and skeletal muscle). However, the number of acceptor sites in target cell nuclei is demonstrably greater than in nontarget cell nuclei.
Contribution of tropical cyclones to the sediment budget for coastal wetlands in Louisiana, USA

The storm surge from a single hurricane can deposit tens of millions of tons of sediment on coastal wetlands within 100 km of landfall, but the distribution and cumulative amount from hurricanes at a centurial timescale is unknown. Here we use a model calibrated by three storms to estimate the average deposition on the deteriorating Louisiana coast from 1851 to 2008. The total deposition on Louisiana coastal wetlands, exclusive of open water, averages 5.6 million tons of inorganic sediment per year, equivalent to 3.8 % of the modern annual Mississippi River sediment load. Seventy nine percent of this sediment is deposited in a 20 km strip along the Gulf of Mexico (7,400 km2 wetlands) comprised primarily of salt marshes, and this distribution matches spatial and temporal patterns described in modern surficial deposits and sediment cores. We estimate that surge-induced deposition of sediment is attributable to at least 65 % of the inorganic content of the top 24 cm of soils in abandoned delta lobes, and 80 % in the chenier plain. While the most sedimentation from a given event results from the most intense storms, 78 % of the long-term hurricane sedimentation results from moderate storms (930–990 mb) that comprise 51 % of tropical cyclone events. Furthermore, we estimate that the 47 % of storms that make landfall with an internal barometric pressure above 990 mb account for only 7 % of the tropical cyclone sedimentation on wetlands.
The effect of stress on the biosynthesis of cortisol 11β, 17α, 21-trihydroxy pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione)

Abstract Mevalonic acid has been shown to serve as a precursor of cortisol in the guinea pig. During periods of stress, the adrenal cholesterol reserves are replenished by a de novo synthesis in the gland from cholesterol precursors and not be simple uptake of extra-adrenal cholesterol.
Toward better two-way: why communications process improvement represents the right response during uncertain times

Communication during tough economic times necessitates continuous response. A case study conducted over a six-month period that focuses on an internal communications process improvement (CPI) initiative called 'Toward Better Two-Way' that was carried out in a manufacturing division of a Fortune 100 company is presented. The initiative developed an active, two-way communication channel in a setting where exchanges between managers and employees had been infrequent and ineffective. >
CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRIC STUDIES OF THE REDUCTION OF COPPER(II)-PEPTIDE COMPLEXES

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry is used to study the electrochemical reduction of copper(II) triglycine complexes and the electrochemical reduction of a ternary copper(II)-diglycine-(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) complex, Cu(H−1G2)dmp. The reduction of the copper(II) triglycine complexes at a hanging mercury drop electrode occurs via two-electrons to form copper amalgam. Under some conditions the dissociation of the copper(II) triglycine complexes to Cuaq 2+ is not sufficiently rapid to maintain diffusion control, and two reduction waves appear, one due to reduction of Cuaq 2+ and the other, appearing at more negative values than the first, due to reduction of a residual copper(II) triglycine complex. The reduction of the ternary complex CuII(H−1G2)dmp at a carbon paste electrode provides evidence of a transient copper(I) complex, CuI(H−1G2)dmp.
On the mechanism of enzyme action. LVII. Interaction between trypsin and ovomucoid

Abstract Trypsin, ovomucoid, and their equimolecular complex have sedimentation constants of 2.5, 2.4, and 3.7 – 3.9 S , respectively. While trypsin can bind only one ovomucoid molecule, ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic data show that more than one molecule of trypsin can react with each molecule of ovomucoid. The dissociation constant of the equimolecular complex is 5.8 × 10 −9 M and of the complex involving two trypsin and one ovomucoid molecule is about 2.5 × 10 −6 M , as dedetermined by activity measurements. The isoelectric points of the two proteins and their equimolecular complex are at about pH's 10.8, 4.3, and 9, respectively. The complex behaves on electrophoretic examination as an independent protein, stable over an extended pH range, and dissociating only around pH 3.8. The trimolecular complex has a mobility intermediate between that of the equimolecular complex and free trypsin. It has a more limited pH range of stability, and dissociates readily around pH 6. The presence of either of the complexes does not cause a change in the electrophoretic mobilities of the other components present. The inhibition of trypsin by ovomucoid is considered to be another instance of competitive substrate inhibition.
When a good standard development process fails

Purpose – The meeting on the international interlibrary loan communication standard meeting in Washington DC under the auspices of the Association of Research Libraries is described.Design/methodology/approach – The article is based on comments and opinions regarding the failure of a good standard development process.Findings – The difficulties of arriving at a consensus are identified and an analysis of the wider context of document delivery is suggested as a possible way forward.Originality/value – This review is a useful source of information for librarians and others interested in good standard development.
Giant cell arteritis among Hispanic Americans.

Purpose To compare the prevalence and clinical course of giant cell arteritis (GCA) among Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. Design Comparative case series. Methods Two hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients who underwent temporal artery biopsy in our institution from 1996 to 2002 were studied. A prospective telephone survey was conducted to determine race and Hispanic origin separately by means of methodology of the US Census Bureau. Results One hundred thirty-four patients completed the interview, with 65 (49%) identifying themselves as Hispanic and 69 (51%) as non-Hispanic. Of the 32 respondents with biopsy-proven GCA, all identified themselves racially as white, and 13 (41%) were Hispanic and 19 (59%) were non-Hispanic ( P = .32). Statistically significant differences in age, presenting symptoms, and final visual acuity were not observed among Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients with GCA. Conclusions Although GCA has been reported to be rare in Hispanics, we found the prevalence and clinical course of GCA to be similar in Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients.
Management of the patient with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis.

If left untreated, cirrhosis due to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with decreased survival [1–3] (Fig. 1). In one study, the survival of 130 patients with cirrhosis was found to be 40% at 15 years of follow up [3]. Until recently, treatment options for patients with this disorder have been limited. IFN is generally contraindicated in patients with Child Pugh B or C cirrhosis and even carries a risk in patients with milder decompensation [4]. During the past several years, a number of studies have shown that lamivudine is well tolerated and often improves the clinical status of patients with decompensated cirrhosis [5–10]. Long-term data, however, on the use of lamivudine in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis B are not available. The current article primarily focuses on the experience using nucleoside analogues to treat HBV-related cirrhosis. It should be mentioned at the outset that in the vast majority of instances, liver transplantation is still the preferred option (Fig. 2). This is underscored by a very low rate of recurrent hepatitis B when liver allograft recipients are treated with hepatitis B immune globulin, either given alone or in combination with nucleoside analogue therapy [11,12].
Wrinkling and Strain Localizations in Polymer Thin Films

Wrinkles and strain localized features are observed in many natural systems and are useful surface patterns for a wide range of applications, including optical gratings and microfluidic devices. However, the transition from sinusoidal wrinkles to more complex strain localized features, such as delaminations or folds, is not well understood. In this paper, we investigate the onset of wrinkling and strain localizations in a model system of a glassy polymer film attached to a surface of an elastomeric substrate. We show that careful measurement of feature amplitude as a function of applied strain allows not only the determination of wrinkle, fold, or delamination onset but also allows clear distinction between each type of feature. We observe that amplitude increases discontinuously as delamination occurs; whereas, the amplitude for a fold deviates gradually compared to the amplitude for a nearby wrinkle as a function of applied strain. The folds observed in these experiments have an outward morphology from the surface, in contrast to folds that form into the plane for a film floating on a liquid substrate. A deformation mode map is presented, where the measured critical strain for localization is compared for films with thickness ranging from 5 nm to 180 nm.
Feather mites are positively associated with daily survival in cliff swallows

Feather mites (Acari: Astigmata) have been reported to be parasitic, commensal, and even mutualistic on the birds that serve as their hosts. We investigated whether there was a relationship between...
An updated view of hemostasis: mechanisms of hemostatic dysfuntion associated with sepsis

Objective: To review the current understanding of mechanisms involved in normal hemostasis and to describe the changes associated with pro-inflammatory disease processes such as sepsis. Data sources: Original research articles and scientific reviews. Human data synthesis: Organ damage caused by sepsis is created in part by the interdependent relationship between hemostasis and inflammation. Markers of coagulation have been found to have prognostic value in human patients with sepsis and there are both experimental and clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of modulating the hemostatic system in sepsis. Improvement of 28-day all-cause mortality in severe sepsis by treatment with recombinant human activated Protein C strongly supports the interdependence of hemostasis and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Veterinary data synthesis: Publications reporting clinical evaluation of the hemostatic changes occurring in septic dogs or cats are minimal. Experimental animal models of sepsis reveal significant similarity between human and animal sepsis and may provide relevance to clinical veterinary medicine until prospective clinical evaluations are published. Conclusions: It is now apparent that inflammation and the coagulation system are intimately connected. Understanding this relationship provides some insight into the pathogenesis of the hemostatic changes associated with sepsis. This new updated view of hemostasis may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in veterinary medicine.
Assessing Bisexual Stigma and Mental Health Status: A Brief Report

Bisexual women often report higher rates of depression and mental health problems than their heterosexual and lesbian counterparts. These disparities likely occur, in part, as a result of the unique stigma that bisexual women face and experience. Such stigma can in turn operate as a stressor, thereby contributing to poor mental health status. This pilot study tested a new measure of bisexual stigma and its association with mental health. Results suggest a moderate positive correlation between the two and point to areas for future consideration when measuring bisexual stigma.
Proline endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity in polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Peptidases capable of releasing proline residues from polypeptides are present in the cytoplasmic fraction of rabbit polymorphonuclear granulocytes. This was shown with peptide substrates where proline is present either at the carboxy-terminal or within the polypeptide chain. Lysosomal and plasma membrane enzymes were inactive towards such polypeptides. The proline residue was hydrolyzed at either its amino end or its carboxy end. It is noteworthy that a Pro:Pro bond was cleaved both in the pentapeptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Pro-Arg and the dipeptide Pro:Pro.
Monoamine transporters and the neurobehavioral teratology of cocaine

Prenatal cocaine exposure has been associated with various postnatal behavioral abnormalities in human infants, and also with changes in locomotor activity, learning deficits, and altered responses to drug challenge in nonhuman offspring. Several studies have further demonstrated that cocaine exerts an activating effect on fetal behavior. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to account for the neurobehavioral teratogenic effects of developmental cocaine treatment, including inhibition of fetal brain neurotransmitter uptake and fetal hypoxemia secondary to constriction of the uteroplacental vascular bed. In support of the hypothesis that cocaine effects may be mediated partly by monoamine uptake inhibition, we and other investigators have recently demonstrated the presence of functional dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) transporters in the fetal rat brain. Transporter-related cocaine recognition sites are found in a number of fetal brain areas and could mediate the acute effects of cocaine on these areas as well as developmental changes that are manifested postnatally. For example, DA transporter blockade may underlie the above-mentioned activational effects of cocaine on fetal behavior. Time-dependent changes in DA or 5-HT transporter expression produced by prenatal cocaine exposure could likewise play an important role in some of the behavioral effects observed when offspring are tested postnatally.
A nonsense mutation in the structural gene for glutamine synthetase leading to loss of nitrogen regulation in Klebsiella aerogenes

An amber mutation (glnA3711), the first nonsense mutation isolated in Klebsiella aerogenes, is described. When amber suppressors were present, the mutant made active glutamine synthetase which was more thermolabile than wild type, showing that glnA3711 lies in the structural gene for glutamine synthetase. Strains carrying the glnA3711 allele were unable to express nitrogen regulation of genes coding for histidase, asparaginase, and glutamate dehydrogenase unless amber suppressors were also present. These results support a model that expression of gene(s) from the glnA promoter is required for nitrogen regulation in K. aerogenes.
The synergistic combination of an oscilloscope and a microprocessor

An oscilloscope presents a graphical display of amplitude vs. time. The amplitude is usually voltage. It allows the electrical designer to see what is occurring in a circuit. The CRT display was originally a qualitative one and provided the designer with an idea of what was occurring. Through improvements in vertical amplifier design, sweep linearity, and CRT performance, a calibrated graticule was added to the CRT face and quantitative measurements could be made. These improvements continued and resulted in measurement accuracies in the 2 percent to 3 percent category, with some timing measurements reaching the 1 percent area. These accuracies represent the state-of-the-art performance with traditional techniques. A new set of techniques was becoming an obvious need in order to make major improvements in the measurement capabilities of oscilloscopes.
Investment and financial asset accumulation

Abstract This paper uses firm-level panel data to investigate the proposition that reliquification is an important phase of the business cycle. It occurs late during recessions and is characterized by prolonged reductions in real investment, caused by firms needing to accumulate assets in order to improve their financial health. The paper concludes that a buildup of assets precedes an increase in investment. This effect is more important for firms without access to organized bond markets and during recession years.
Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: perspectives and challenges

Leaders gathered at the US National Institutes of Health in November 2014 to discuss recent advances and emerging research areas in aspects of maternal-fetal immunity that may affect fetal development and pregnancy success.
Effects of tumour necrosis factor on protein metabolism

Increased skeletal muscle breakdown and negative nitrogen balance are features of sepsis that may be mediated by cytokines. The effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) on protein metabolism were studied. When administered to anaesthetized dogs (0.57 x 10(5) units per kg body-weight over 6h), TNF caused urinary nitrogen excretion to increase (mean(s.e.m.) 165(15) mg kg-1 for dogs that received TNF versus 113(8) mg kg-1 for control animals, P < 0.01). Amino acid nitrogen release from the hindlimbs showed no change over the study period, indicating that the additional urinary nitrogen was not derived from peripheral protein stores. In a second study the same dose of TNF or saline was infused after the intestine had been removed. The mean(s.e.m.) urinary nitrogen excretion in control dogs that had undergone enterectomy (101(7) mg kg-1) was similar to that of intact animals, and addition of TNF did not significantly increase nitrogen excretion (86(18) mg kg-1). The results suggest that nitrogen excreted in the urine during administration of TNF is derived, at least initially, from the intestinal tract.
Prognostic factors in long-term intraocular pressure control following combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy.

We studied 36 consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy to determine prognostic factors associated with intraocular pressure control one year postoperatively. In patients who were either easier (intraocular pressure or = 16 mmHg, n = 17) to control, the mean intraocular pressure increased up to the fourth week postoperatively. In the more difficult to control group, however, the intraocular pressure continued to increase and a statistical difference between groups was noted by the second month postoperatively (P 0.05). This study suggests combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification is safe and effective in controlling intraocular pressure postoperatively. Determining from the early postoperative examination the long-term pressure control, however, is difficult.
Ethical considerations of authorship.

Introduction Publication is the final affirmation of scholarly accomplishment. Academic advancement, “publish or perish,” as well as prestige, are other important driving forces. There are many financial benefits (direct and indirect) in publishing such as promotion and further research funding. Many of these forces can lead to ethical lapses. All authors have several important ethical obligations. They are guarantors who bear responsibility for the work. This includes not only the truthfulness of the study but also the fairness of the authorship.
Cellular functions of FAK kinases: insight into molecular mechanisms and novel functions

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) are related tyrosine kinases that have important cellular functions, primarily through regulation of the cytoskeleton. Recent studies have identified multiple molecular mechanisms that regulate cytoskeletal responses, and have provided important and exciting insights into how FAK and Pyk2 control cellular processes such as cell migration. Equally exciting are reports of novel and originally unanticipated functions of these kinases, providing the groundwork for future avenues of investigation. This Commentary summarizes some of these recent discoveries that are relevant to the control of biological responses of the cell.
Ignition and Plume Characteristics of Low-Current Cerium and Lanthanum Hexaboride Hollow Cathodes

This research investigated cerium hexaboride (CeB 6 ) and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) as emitters in 6.4-mm-diam hollow cathodes used for low-power electric propulsion applications. Each cathode's ignition performance and plume behavior is presented and discussed. Two identical cathodes, with the exception of the insert material, were assembled and integrated into a cylindrical anode configuration without an applied magnetic field. The experiments tested two orifice geometries and a wide range of xenon flow rates (1.5-4.5 sccm) and anode currents (2-6 A) for each cathode. Also investigated was cathode performance for these conditions with the keeper on and off. A langmuir probe collected plume data to include plasma densities, electron temperature, plasma potential, and floating potential. An oscilloscope monitored the voltage behavior of the keeper electrode and anode. Initially, both cathodes successfully started without excessive keeper voltages (<650 V), heating times (<15 min), or flow rates (<4.5 sccm). The LaB 6 cathode consistently started at these same conditions. However, the CeB 6 cathode demonstrated some degradation after time by requiring higher fiow rates and a longer heating time to start. Both cathodes demonstrated ideal (spot mode) operation for flow rates as low as 1.5 sccm at anode currents as high as 5 A with no heater or keeper power.
Microvascular control mechanisms in copper deficiency

Dietary copper deficiency has long been associated with exaggerated inflammatory responses in both humans and experimental animals. However, the mechanisms for this increased response are not understood. By using the rat cremaster muscle microcirculatory model as a window to the in vivo microcirculation, we have identified and studied three functional changes occurring in the microcirculation that operate during the inflammatory response and appear to be copper-dependent. First, we documented an increased postcapillary venule leakage of protein in response to histamine released by mass cells in copper-deficient rats. This response appears to be the result of increased numbers of mast cells and thereby increased available histamine. The second microvascular change we noted in copper deficiency is that there is decreased in vivo thrombogenesis with a resulting prolonged bleeding time. Additionally, in in vitro studies platelet-endothelial cell adhesion is diminished and the platelet concentration of the adhesion molecule von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is reduced. We propose that reduced vWF-mediated platelet adhesion accounts for the depressed thrombogenesis in copper deficiency. The third difference we found is that nitric oxide-mediated arteriole vasodilation is compromised, which may lead to increased peripheral vascular resistance. This functional deficit to NO can be reversed by the addition of Cu, Zn-SOD. This suggests that it may result from increased scavenging of NO by O2− during copper deprivation. These observations demonstrate that dietary copper has several important functional roles in microvascular control mechanisms affecting inflammation, microhemostasis, and resistance to blood flow.
A process for prestaging thermosetting towpreg

A method for prestaging thermosetting towpreg consisting of passing the material through a tunnel oven was developed to address the difficulties inherent in making thick-walled thermosetting composite parts: aging, moisture uptake, and low resin viscosity during lay-up; and residual stresses, warping, thermal degradation, resin gradients, and excessive void nucleation during the final cure. AS-4 carbon fiber in a 3501-6 epoxy matrix was used to test the continuous prestaging process. With prestaging, significant reductions in towpreg bulk, voids, and total enthalpy were achieved. Cure shrinkage also was achieved. The final towpreg product had good drape and greatly reduced tack. These changes addressed many of the aforementioned difficulties. A relation between residence time at 200°C (the process temperature) versus percent degree of cure (%DOC) was developed. Manufacturing characteristics such as drape, tack, and bulk were related to %DOC. A processing window of 15 to 22 %DOC yielded towpreg with optimal characteristics. Prestaged towpreg would be well suited to manufacturing with advanced fiber placement (AFP) type equipment. Initial trials in industry have been promising.
Characterization of an Intracellular Proteinase of a Slow Acid Producing Mutant of Streptococcus lactis

Abstract An intracellular proteinase was purified 152-fold from a slow acid producing mutant of Steptococcus lactis No. 3 with gel and ion exchange chromatography. Homogeneity was established by polyacrylamide gel and cellulose-acetate strip electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Several properties of the enzyme were determined and compared to those previously reported for the parent intracellular proteinase. The intracellular proteinase of the mutant differed from the parent intracellular proteinase in every property examined. The mutant enzyme was most active on casein at pH 7.6, was unaffected by p -hydroxymercuribenzoate or iodoacetate, was labile to storage at 3C, had a molecular weight of 13,335 and a sedimentation coefficient of 1.91S.
The Relationship among Aspects of Cognitive Style and Language-Bound/Language-Optional Perception to Musicians' Performance in Aural Discrimination Tasks:

To address the problem of individual differences in musical-aural skills, this study examined the predictor variables of field dependence/field independence, reflection/impulsivity, and language-optional/language-bound perception. A random sample of 75 college freshman music majors served as subjects in the study. Variables were operationalized through tests of Group Embedded Figures, Matching Familiar Figures, Temporal Order Discrimination, Fusion, and Aural Skills. Data were analyzed through multiple regression and analysis of variance procedures. The major findings of the study indicated that (1) measures of Temporal Order Discrimination, Group Embedded Figures, Fusion, and Matching Familiar Figures are statistically significant predictors of achievement in aural skills; (2) the relationship of reflection/impulsivity to achievement in aural skills appears to be negligible; and (3) the variance attributable to language-bound/language-optional and field dependence/field independence indicates the possibl...
Nonholonomic cooperative manipulation of polygonal objects in the plane

This paper presents a framework in which a group of nonholonomic wheeled robot manipulators are cooperatively utilized to manipulate a polygonal object in SE(2). In this framework, the robots are assumed to contact the object without friction, applying forces only in the normal direction. The dynamics of the whole system can be decomposed into task and nullspaces (internal motions). The desired object pose is achieved by controlling the task-space. On the other hand, as the contact point is driven to its desired value by controlling the internal motions, force-closure is ensured. An extensive simulation study is presented to validate the proposed framework.
Gender role perceptions of women in abusive relationships

A community sample of psychologically abused women (N = 93; 83 Anglo, 4 Hispanic, 4 African-American, 1 Native American, 1 “Other”) in 3 groups (psychological abuse only, with moderate violence, with severe violence) received payment for completing lengthy questionnaires and interviews. This study concerns women’s perceptions of their own and their partners’ gender roles and gender role attitudes. Women in all 3 groups rated themselves feminine and egalitarian, as hypothesized. Ratings of their partners were near the midpoint of the scales on masculinity and traditionalism, contrary to hypotheses. Women experiencing psychological abuse with severe violence had more negative perceptions of their partners and believed their partners had more negative views of them than did women who shared the common experience of psychological abuse but sustained less or no violence.
Recommendations for Equitable Allocation of Trades in High-Frequency Trading Environments

This article acknowledges and summarizes much of the relevant published research, discusses some of the high-frequency trading (HFT) strategies that likely run counter to good public policy, and makes nine recommendations that, if implemented, would likely restore the perception of fairness and balance to today’s 21st century modern electronic financial markets.
Convergence-Evoked Nystagmus: Congenital and Acquired Forms

Pendular nystagmus occurring during binocular fixation and pursuit of near objects is true convergence-evoked nystagmus. Two forms of this nystagmus are described, one congenital and the other acquired in the course of multiple sclerosis. The congenital form was conjugate and the acquired form disjunctive. Neuropathological examination provided no morphological explanation for the congenital pattern. These two unique forms of nystagmus are induced by one of the visuomotor subsystems controlling convergence.
Gabapentin relieves trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients

This report describes the effectiveness of gabapentin, a recently approved anticonvulsant, in seven patients with MS experiencing trigeminal neuralgia refractory to treatment with conventional medical therapy. Gabapentin relieved pain completely in six and significantly in the seventh patient. Gabapentin may be a valuable addition to pharmacologic therapy in trigeminal neuralgia, particularly in patients with MS and in refractory cases.
On the determination of electron energy losses in absorbers from continuous β-spectra

Abstract The technique outlined by Melloni et al. 1 ), for determining the depth of localization of beta emitters from continuous beta spectra is further investigated using 137 Cs. The complexity of the decay scheme limits the scope of the technique.
Potential for integration of electrophoretic deposition into electronic device manufacture; demonstrations using silver/palladium

A silver palladium (Ag/Pd) alloy powder is used as an example material to illustrate potential applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) in electronics manufacturing, in particular the forming of multilayer devices. The dispersion and deposition of the Ag/Pd powder in acetic acid is characterized. It is found that deposition can be explained by the direct action of electrostatic force on individual particles. Depositions of this Ag/Pd powder are then used to demonstrate: forming of a continuous layer on a rigid substrate; forming of continuous layers in laminated and sintered BaTiO3 multilayers; and incorporation of patterned depositions into a multilayer by either overcasting the patterned deposition with a particulate slip to form a multicomponent tape, or direct lamination of the patterned deposition to a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) tape. It is shown that electrically conducting layers can be formed at an average thickness of only two times the diameter of the starting powder. Continuous conductor lines thirty times the average diameter of the starting powder were formed.
Molecular Analysis of Peritoneal Fluid in Ovarian Cancer Patients

To determine whether genetic abnormalities present in primary ovarian tumors can be used to detect cancer cells in peritoneal fluid, we tested 14 ovarian cancers and 1 benign tumor of the ovary for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomal arms 13q, 17p, 17q, and 22q and for mutations in the p53 and K-ras genes. In each case, matched primary tumor, normal tissue, and peritoneal fluid were analyzed. The highest frequency of LOH was found on chromosomal arm 17p (42%), followed by chromosomal arm 17q (36%), 22q (30%), and 13q (21%). Identical alterations were detected in matched peritoneal fluid (either peritoneal wash or ascitic fluid) in 3 of the 8 patients with LOH in the tumor (38%). Direct sequence analysis detected p53 mutations in 3 of the 14 malignant tumors (21%) and no (0) K-ras mutations. Identical mutations were detected in matched peritoneal fluid from all 3 patients with p53 mutations. All 8 of the 14 (57%) malignant tumors that showed at least one genetic abnormality were serous adenocarcinoma and identical alterations were detected in 5 of the 8 (62%) matched peritoneal fluid samples. Our findings indicate that molecular abnormalities can be detected in peritoneal fluid from patients with ovarian cancer and may be used to complement current conventional diagnostic procedures for detection of primary ovarian cancer.
Absence of blood formation in mice lacking the T-cell leukaemia oncoprotein tal-1/SCL.

CHROMOSOMAL translocations associated with malignancies often result in deregulated expression of genes encoding transcription factors1. In human T-cell leukaemias such regulators belong to diverse protein families and may normally be expressed widely (for example, Ttg-1/rbtnl, Ttg-2/rbtn2) 2,3, exclusively outside the haematopoietic system (for example, Hoxll) 4, or specifically in haematopoietic cells and other selected sites (for example, tal-1/ SCL, lyl-1) 5,6. Aberrant expression within T cells is thought to interfere with programmes of normal maturation. The most frequently activated gene in acute T-cell leukaemias, tal-1 (also called SCL) 7,8, encodes a candidate regulator of haematopoietic development9, a basic-helix-loop-helix protein5, related to critical myogenic10 and neurogenic11 factors. Here we show by targeted gene disruption in mice12 that tal-1 is essential for embryonic blood formation in vivo. With respect to embryonic erythropoiesis, tal-1 deficiency resembles loss of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-113,14 or the LIM protein rbtn215 .Profound reduction in myeloid cells cultured in vivo from tal-1 null yolk sacs suggests a broader defect manifest at the myelo-erythroid or multipotential progenitor cell level.
Remarks on McCormick’s Comments

This is my reply to Miriam McCormick’s comments on my paper, ‘What Can Causal Claims Mean?’, delivered at the Meaning and Modern Empiricism conference.
Review of "Essentials of Constraint Programming by T. Fruhwirth and S. Abdennadher." Springer-Verlag.

Constraint programming (CP) is an area of computer science in which the considered problems can be expressed as a set of logical rules, also known as constraints. This results in a huge class of problems, encompassing domains such as logic programming, mathematical programming, and optimization.
Risks of intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease.

This review described the principal features of the three studies that have established clearly that patients in the U.S.A. or the U.K. who have long-standing (>7 years) Crohn's colitis are at increased risk (up to 20-fold) of developing large bowel cancer. In addition, it emphasizes that there are no data on the extent of this risk in patients in other countries, and also that the magnitude of the risk of cancer of the small intestine in Crohn's disease is unknown. Despite the increased incidence of large bowel cancer in long-standing Crohn's colitis in the U.S.A. or the U.K., the total number of such patients is small, as is the number in which the colonic carcinoma will occur. However, careful supervision is advised for the small group at risk, despite the limitations of current methods for the early detection of cancer of the large intestine.
Trust-based controller for convoy string stability

This paper describes a trust-based vehicle controller that can be tuned to ensure decentralized string stability in a convoy. The controller leverages the RoboTrust algorithm to mitigate risks associated with trust-based vulnerabilities, such as cyber attacks, poor decisions, and malfunctions. In our scenario, we simulate a simple convoy mission in which twelve vehicles move together between waypoints, stopping at each waypoint before proceeding. We examine the decisions of the convoy leader at each waypoint and show how its behaviors can introduce spacing errors throughout the convoy column. We then show how the trust-based controller can modify the leader's behaviors and minimize the effect of error propagation and amplification in the convoy.
Measuring information content from observations for data assimilation: spectral formulations and their implications to observational data compression

The previous singular-value formulations for measuring information content from observations are transformed into spectral forms in the wavenumber space for univariate analyses of uniformly distributed observations. The transformed spectral formulations exhibit the following advantages over their counterpart singular-value formulations: (i) The information contents from densely distributed observations can be calculated very efficiently even if the background and observation space dimensions become both too large to compute by using the singular-value formulations. (ii) The information contents and their asymptotic properties can be analysed explicitly for each wavenumber. (iii) Superobservations can be not only constructed by a truncated spectral expansion of the original observations with zero or minimum loss of information but also explicitly related to the original observations in the physical space. The spectral formulations reveal that (i) uniformly thinning densely distributed observations will always cause a loss of information and (ii) compressing densely distributed observations into properly coarsened super-observations by local averaging may cause no loss of information under certain circumstances.
Analytic theory for dilute colloids in a charged slit.

Nanofluidic devices can now be manufactured with a slit-like geometry whose charged walls are 50−1000 nm wide. Through these slits, large charged macromolecules at very low concentration suspended ...
Effects of water content on aluminosilicate glasses and the relation to strong/fragile liquid theory☆

The effect of variations in water content on the transformation range properties of 25Na2O25Al2O350SiO2, 10Na2O10CaO20Al2o360SiO2, 20CaO20Al2O360SiO2, and 20Y2O320Al2O360SiO2 glasses are presented. Samples of these glasses were prepared with a range of water of hydroxyl contents by melting under various partial pressures of water. With an increase in water content of each glass, a decrease in both the glass transformation temperature, Tg, and the transformation range viscosity are observed. The magnitude of these effects of water depends strongly on composition and is correlated with the activation energy for viscous flow. The data from this study are combined with the known effects of water on the properties of phosphate, borate, heavy metal fluoride, and other silicate glasses to show that the flow properties of ‘strong’ liquids are affected much more dramatically than those of ‘fragile’ liquids. These data are used to determine a quantitative empirical relationship between the magnitude of the effect of water on flow properties and the fragility of the glass-forming liquid.
Detection of eIF4E gene amplification in breast cancer by competitive PCR

Background: Initiation factor eIF4E binds to mRNA as the initial step for protein translation. Overexpression of the eIF4E oncoprotein has been found in breast cancer but not in benign breast tissue. The objective of this study is to determine if eIF4E oncoprotein overexpression is associated with eIF4E gene amplification in breast cancer using Western blots and competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
CULTURE OF FRESHWATER PRAWNS (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) USING GEOTHERMAL WASTE WATER

The farming of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in geothermal heated water has been demonstrated to be possible in a nontropical climate. The husbandry of prawns is being done in two outdoor raceway ponds 9.1 m by 2.5 m and 29 m by 3.5 m that are 1.2 m deep. The ponds are not shielded from the ambient climate which during the winter months has recorded air temperatures as low as -20°C. A select brood stock is held in a small spawning building where larvae are hatched in artificial saltwater and reared to the postlarvae stage, making the facility self-contained. This project is providing a model for potential investors to utilize the low-temperature geothermal resources in the western United States for warm water aquaculture of a market-size prawn.
Yeast histone H2A and H2B amino termini have interchangeable functions

The N-terminal ends of histones H2B and H2A have very different sequences and rates of evolution. However, they both extend from the nucleosome core and are positively charged. Short sequences at the C termini of both proteins also differ from each other and appear to be hydrophilic. Deletions at the N and C termini of yeast histones H2B2 and H2A1 do not obviously affect the cell's viability under normal growth conditions. However, deletions at the N termini of both H2B and H2A in the same cell are lethal or result in greatly reduced viability. Even switching portions of the N termini between H2B and H2A to create two chimeric histone proteins within the same cell has no obvious effect on viability. This supports the argument that the N-terminal end of one protein complements the function of the other.
The nature of the superconducting state of the high- T c superconductors

At the present time it is possible to get a reasonably good understanding of the nature of the superconducting state in the recently discovered, high transition temperature cuprate superconductors based on experimental results published over the past year or two. These experiments now impose significant constraints on possible theoretical models which can be used to explain the superconductivity. We show how these experiments impose these constraints and discuss those questions which remain unanswered.
Elevated pulse wave velocity increases the odds of coronary calcification in overweight postmenopausal women.

Background Aortic stiffness, assessed using carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity index (baPVI) is a newer measure of arterial stiffness obtained using an automated system. Our aim is to evaluate the association between both these measures of arterial stiffness and coronary calcification (CAC), in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, without apparent cardiovascular disease. Methods The CAC was assessed using electron beam tomography in 504 postmenopausal women, aged 52 to 62 years (88.2% white) with mean body mass index (BMI) 30.8 kg/m2. The CAC scores were analyzed as CAC >0 and CAC >100 versus CAC = 0, or as ln (CAC + 1). Results The cfPWV was available in 476 women (mean [SD]: 900 (255) cm/sec) and baPVI was available in 441 women (mean [SD]: 1434 (231) cm/sec. Any CAC (CAC >0) was present in approximately 51% of the cohort. Both high cfPWV (RR = 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 v 1) and baPVI (RR = 2.9, 3.7. and 4.0 for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 v 1) were associated with the presence of calcification (CAC >0). The association was attenuated but remained significant only for baPVI after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, average waist circumference, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, hormone replacement therapy, and smoking status. High odds of severe calcification (CAC >100) was seen with the highest quartile of the cfPWV (RR = 5.3) and baPVI (RR = 7.8), and these associations remained significant in multivariable analysis. Conclusions Both cfPWV and baPVI are associated with presence and severity of coronary calcification in overweight postmenopausal women.
Fitting a face to Ngaloba

21 fragments d'un crâne d'Hominide datant du Pleistocene ont ete decouverts en Tanzanie. L'A. decrit la technique utilisee pour la reconstitution anatomique du crâne
Dynamic behavior of selected ceramic powders

Abstract An experimental setup has been developed on the continuous recording of the stress profiles in ceramic powders subject to shock loading with manganin gauges. A series of plate impact experiments on highly porous ceramic powders such as Al 2 O 3 , SiC and B 4 C were conducted at the laboratory's single stage powder gun facility. The relationship between shock wave velocity and particle velocity was measured to obtain the Hugoniot data. Plate impact onto powder sample experiments were conducted at loading stresses ranging from 1.6 to 4.2 GPa. The experimental results show that the shock wave speeds in various ceramic powders vary between 1 and 2 km/s. Linear Hugoniot relations between shock velocity ( D ) and particle velocity ( u ) are observed. The loading stress–specific volume form of Hugoniot relations ( P – V ) was constructed using the data from quasistatic compression test results, Hopkinson bar dynamic compression test results and powder gun plate impact experiment results. The P–V diagram shows that the crush strength of ceramic powders is comparable to the loading stress level. The B 4 C and SiC powders with bigger particle size more easily reach the solid state Hugoniot than the powders with smaller particle size at the same loading condition. In the case of Al 2 O 3 , the material shows less sensitivity to particle size difference at the same level of loading rate as compared to B 4 C and SiC.