cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ascending endorphin inhibition of distress vocalization

Distress vocalizations were produced in adult guinea pigs by electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial thalamus or the septum-preoptic area. Both of these forebrain-derived vocalizations were increased by systemic administration of naloxone and were inhibited by analgesic periventricular gray stimulation. Naloxone blocked the inhibitory effects of the analgesic stimulation on thalamic vocalizations. Stimulation of nonanalgesic mesencephalic sites in close proximity to the periventricular gray increased the anterior-elicited vocalizations. These data provide evidence for ascending endorphin-mediated inhibition of excitatory forebrain sites for distress vocalizations.
Review: CABG or stents compared with medical therapy in stable coronary artery disease

Source Citation Windecker S, Stortecky S, Stefanini GG, et al. Revascularisation versus medical treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;348:g3859...
Investigation of a New Lead Free Solder Alloy Using Thin Strip Specimens

The thermomechanical behaviors of a new lead free solder and eutectic 63Sn37Pb are investigated in this paper. A series of tests including tensile, creep, and fatigue, are carried out on a computer controlled 6-axis mini-fatigue tester. The thin strip specimen is used in this research, which is specially designed and verified to be suitable for the testing of solder alloys and comparable to the data from the literature. Based on the experimental study, the new lead free solder alloy shows very attractive characteristics and may have potential applications in electronics packaging products.
Effect of visible light on carotenogenesis in arthroconidiating Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The effect of visible light on carotenoid content in the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 26323 was investigated. The fungus T. mentagrophytes accumulated several carotenoids when arthroconidiated on Sabouraud glucose agar at 37°C. When this fungus was irradiated with moderate fluence rates of white light, the resultant arthroconidia contained considerably less carotenoids in comparison with dark controls although growth and arthroconidiation of this fungus were not at all affected by visible light. The reduction of carotenoid content in arthroconidia was due primarily to blue light, although red light caused a slight decrease in pigmentation. The suppressive effect of visible light on pigmentation was fluence rate dependent. Carotenoid accumulation in arthroconidia was inversely and exponentially related to the fluence rate of light. Carotenoid formation in arthroconidiating T. mentagrophytes was neither photoinducible nor photostimulative. An analysis of isolated carotenoids revealed that visible light caused a quantitative reduction in pigmentation, and no single carotenoid was selectively decreased.
P‐110: Spectrally Pure Waveguiding Pixels

A novel transmission-type display based on spectrally pure waveguiding pixels is proposed. In this display, a particular wavelength of light is selected by a slanted holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) pixel, waveguided, and redirected to the viewer. We present the electro-optic performance of slanted H-PDLCs for this proposed application. These novel holographic pixels can be electrically switched by voltages as low as 60 V, which is a much lower voltage than the reported switching voltages for H-PDLCs when used in the conventional reflective mode.
Profile and Morphology Control during Etching of SiC Using Electron Cyclotron Resonant Plasmas

The profiles and surface morphologies of etched SiC can be effectively controlled using electron cyclotron resonant plasmas. When high bias (100 V) is applied to the substrate, etching is anisotropic and smooth surfaces result, with the exception of trenches which form at the base of the sidewall features. In contrast, etching at low bias (8 V) is more isotropic with no apparent trenching, but results in textured etched surfaces and jagged sidewall features. However, the etched surfaces and sidewall features can be smoothed by subjecting the samples to a high bias pretreatment prior to etching at lower bias. Etching isotropy is strongly dependent on both the applied bias and the proximity of the sample to the ECR source. A combination of high and low bias etching has been emp oyed for micromachining cantilever structures from single-crystal SiC.
Educating Students for the Information Age: The Role of the Librarian.

Most countries are facing major challenges in educating students from kindergarten through the university for productive lives in the information age. Governments and business leaders are challenging educators to provide students with skills to live and work effectively in the information age. Cooperative ventures between teachers and librarians in the area of information literacy may provide a solution to these educational challenges. Changing teaching methodology to prepare students for life‐long learning may be another solution. In this article, Rader defines various concepts. She offers suggestions and guidelines to help teacher‐librarian collaborations effectively educate students for the twenty‐first century.
Effect of simultaneous administration of betamethasone and triiodothyronine (T3) on the development of functional pulmonary maturation in fetal rabbit.

Abstract Recent experimental evidence suggests that a combination of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone may be more effective than either hormone alone in accelerating morphologic as well as biochemical mammalian fetal lung maturation. We have demonstrated that IM administration of T3 to the rabbit doe is associated with enhanced functional fetal lung maturation. We investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of T3 and betamethasone on the development of functional fetal lung maturation and the duration of survival after premature delivery. On day 25 and 26 of pregnancy, T3 (175 μg/kg/dose) betamethasone (85 μg/kg/dose), T3 plus betamethasone or the appropriate amount of the vehicles were injected. The functional fetal pulmonary maturity and the duration of survival after premature delivery were assessed on day 27 of gestation. Although enhanced functional fetal lung maturation was observed after T3 or betamethasone administration, there was no additive effect after simultaneous administration of both. The duration of survival on premature delivery was enhanced in betamethasone but not T3 or T3 plus betamethasone group when compared to control. Further animal experimentation seems necessary before a clinical trial of T3 plus betamethasone therapy is considered.
Comparative study of continuous‐power and pulsed‐power microwave curing of epoxy resins

Three epoxy reaction systems, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with curing agents meta phenylene diamine (mPDA), diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), were cured with both pulsed-power and continuous-power microwave curing systems. Isothermal curing was conducted at three different temperatures for each reaction system with both pulsed-power and continuous-power microwave curing systems. Extent of cure was measured with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The temperature characteristics, incident and reflected power patterns, and the reaction rates were compared between the two curing approaches. The incident power and reflected power of both curing processes were observed to reveal reaction status. Continuous-power microwave curing produced noticeably higher reaction rates than pulsed-power microwave curing.
The Treatment of Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis: Back to the Future

Femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains one of the most frustrating problems for the endovascular specialist. It is relatively common, occurring in 18% to 40% of patients within the first year after femoropopliteal artery stenting ([1,2][1]). Femoropopliteal ISR is even more common after
In vitro analysis of tobacco vein mottling virus Nla cistron: Evidence for a virus-encoded protease

Abstract Potential protease functions associated with the NI a nuclear inclusion protein of tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) were investigated. In the absence of treatments, in vitro translation of viral RNA produced various polypeptides representing each of the proposed TVMV cistrons—28K-HC-42K-CI-5.5K-Nl a Nl b b-CP. When viral RNA was first hybridized to DNA probes complementary to the NI a cistron, and then treated with RNase H prior to translation, a 48-kDa processing product, immunologically identified as the NI a protein, was abolished. In its place was observed a series of larger polypeptides, immunologically identified as fusion products of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) and NI a cistrons. The use of probes which permitted translation through as few as 15 nucleotide residues beyond the sequences encoding the proposed carboxyl terminus of NI a resulted in normal processing. None of the DNA probes affected an apparent cleavage between the helper component (HC) and 42K proteins. Cloned cDNA regions representing the NI a cistron and flanking sequences were inserted in transcription vectors. Translation of the in vitro transcript resulted in synthesis, not of a large fusion polyprotein, but, of a mature-sized NIB polypeptide. In vitro transcripts, lacking the 3′-most sequences that were expected to encode the protease active site of the NI a protein, were translated. These generated an apparent fusion polypeptide that reacted with antisera to both CI and NI a . The results indicate that the NI a gene product functions as a protease responsible for some but not all of the cleavage events which lead to the production of the mature forms of TVMV proteins.
Characterization of Novel N,N‘-Disubstituted Piperazines as σ Receptor Ligands

σ Receptors have been the focus of extensive studies because of their potential functional role in several important physiological and biochemical processes. To further evaluate the properties of σ receptors, especially σ-1 and σ-2 subtypes, we have synthesized a series of N,N‘-disubstituted piperazine compounds (1−32). The design of these compounds was based upon the early structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies of the minimum structural requirements of a molecule necessary to elicit σ receptor binding activity. In the N-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine series, compounds with the ethylenediamine moiety (8−11, 15−17) showed 6−20-fold higher affinity for σ-1 and 2−40-fold higher affinity for σ-2 relative to their corresponding amides (1−7). The (m-nitrophenethyl)piperazine 10 exhibits a subnanomolar affinity for the σ-1 site, whereas the corresponding o-nitro compound 9 shows the highest affinity for the σ-2 site (Ki = 4.9 nM). Compounds with a free amino terminus were designed as precursors for use as bio...
Indicators and models of changes in the American occupational system, 1947–73

This paper extends earlier conceptual and empirical work by Bell, Lebergott, and Moore on changes in the American occupational system in the post-World War II period. After updating and extending several time series of occupational indicators used by these authors and adding some others as well, the authors specify and estimate a number of dynamic structural-equation models to explain changes in the occupational system as indexed by the social indicators. These equations indicate: (1) that Bell's thesis about a shift from a production of goods orientation to a performance of services orientation in post-war American society needs to be qualified; (2) that the shift is due more to increased productivity in argriculture rather than in industry; (3) that increased bureaucratization of employment results, in part, from the shift out of agriculture and other post-war trends in the technological and organizational context of the work environment; and (4) that societal investments in military technology and in scientific research and development have had an important impact upon the occupational system in terms of shifting upwards the distribution of occupations with respect to prestige. In each of the topics analyzed, the authors make suggestions for developing additional indicators and for refining the structural equations. In addition, the potential of these equations for social forecasting is considered.
Partial splenic embolization for cancer patients with thrombocytopenia requiring systemic chemotherapy

BACKGROUND. Partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been used to improve hematologic parameters related to hypersplenism. The purpose of this study was to review our institutional experience with PSE for cancer patients with thrombocytopenia because of splenic sequestration precluding the administration of systemic therapy (ST). METHODS. A retrospective review of cancer patients undergoing PSE was undertaken. Twenty-eight patients underwent PSE to correct thrombocytopenia to facilitate the initiation or resumption of ST. Primary and secondary endpoints of the current study included a platelet count increase > 150 K/UL and the initiation of ST, respectively. Periprocedural laboratory values and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS. Thirty PSEs were performed in 28 patients. Two patients underwent repeat PSE because of recurrent thrombocytopenia after the successful initiation of ST. For procedures with adequate follow-up, primary and secondary endpoints were achieved in 96.3% (26 of 27 patients) and 95.7% (22 of 23 patients) of patients, respectively. The mean platelet count was 81 K/UL immediately before PSE and peaked at 293 K/UL after PSE. For 23 patients with frequent laboratory follow-up, the mean time to a platelet count > 150 K/UL was 10 days. The mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. Postprocedure abdominal pain occurred in all patients. Fever was documented in 16 patients and pulmonary consolidation/atelectasis or effusion was documented in 10 patients; 9 patients received empiric antibiotic coverage. The median overall survival was 9.40 months (95% confidence interval, 8.2–10.7 months) among the 28 patients after PSE. CONCLUSIONS. PSE is a safe and effective means of managing thrombocytopenia secondary to hypersplenism to facilitate the administration of ST in patients with cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
After Hendricks: Defining Constitutional Treatment for Washington State's Civil Commitment Program

Washington State's law for sexually violent predators was enacted in 1990; since then, 14 other states have passed similar laws authorizing civil commitment for dangerous sexual offenders following their prison terms. Although the law has survived constitutional challenges at both the state and in the U.S. Supreme Court, a related set of court actions has addressed whether the treatment program is adequate. In 1994, the federal district court placed Washington's program under injunction and appointed a special master to ensure that the state improve deficiencies in the program. As of 2003, the federal court continues to oversee the state's program, with a threat of fines totaling several million dollars if the injunction terms are not met. Over an eight-year period, the special master delivered 19 reports to the court, documenting the program's deficiencies as well as its successes in meeting the court's orders. This article reviews these reports and court orders, detailing the court's requirements for an adequate treatment program.
Diffuse optical imaging of the breast using structured-light

Diffuse optical imaging with structured-light illumination and detection can provide rapid, wide-field anatomical and functional imaging of the breast with an application for breast cancer screening. Our aims for this study were to test the feasibility of structured-light, test our pattern set, and develop and optimize our image reconstruction algorithm. For our phantom studies, we created an agar phantom with dimensions similar to a compressed breast. A cubic inclusion of 30mm by 30mm by 25mm with twice the amount of absorption contrast than the background was placed at the center. Near-infrared light of eleven patterns including a full illumination and single stripes was illuminated onto the breast phantom and detected with a CCD camera, with integration of the signals according to the patterns performed post-data acquisition, with a total of 121 measurements. These measurements were then used in our reconstruction algorithm that iteratively minimized the difference between the collected data and the estimation from our FEM-based forward model of photon diffusion to calculate the absorption values. Reconstructions of the 3D absorption maps detect an inclusion at the center and indicate that our selected set of patterns may be sufficient for structured-light imaging. We are currently improving our instrumentation and testing with additional phantom studies, while also performing simulations of numerical breast phantoms created from MR images to test structured-light’s ability to image complex and realistic breast tissue composition. We hope to use this technique as optical method to image molecular markers, such as hemoglobin, water and lipid, within the breast.
A bibliography of higher-order spectra and cumulants

The interest in higher-order spectra and cumulants was renewed in the early 1980s due, in part, to the need to solve detection, estimation, and identification problems when the interfering noise source was non-Gaussian. The bibliography is a list of refereed journal papers. An effort was made to include all relevant papers, though the focus of the search was the IEEE journals, the optics journals, and the statistical journals. The bibliography is intended to be a research tool. Tutorials detail discussions of higher-order spectra and cumulants, and books cover the more advanced topics.
Chronos: Visualizing slices of source-code history

In this paper, we present CHRONOS-a tool that enables the querying, exploration, and discovery of historical change events to source code. Unlike traditional Revision-Control-System tools, CHRONOS allows queries across any subset of the code, down to the line-level, which can potentially be contiguous or disparate, even among multiple files. In addition, CHRONOS provides change history across all historical versions (i.e., it is not limited to a pairwise “diff”). The tool implements a zoom-able user interface as a visualization of the history of the queried code to provide both a high-level view of the changes, which supports pattern recognition and discovery, and a low-level view that supports semantic comprehension for tasks such as reverse engineering and identifying design rationale. In this paper, we describe use cases in which CHRONOS may be helpful, provide a motivating example to demonstrate the benefits brought by CHRONOS, and describe its visualization in detail.
On the Application of Portfolio Theory to Depository Financial Intermediaries

It has long been recognized that the useful application of the portfolio selection theory of Markowitz [10] and Tobin [19], [20] is limited by the restrictive assumptions placed on the utility function, distribution of returns, wealth holdings, and dynamic behaviour of the individual economic unit. Recent research by numerous individuals has indicated, however, that many of the implications of the Markowitz-Tobin theory can be derived from a weaker set of assumptions. The net result is a remarkably strong set of propositions and theorems with a wide variety of applications including intuitive insights into the gains from diversification, empirically useful algorithms for common stock selection, and theoretical advances for understanding the demand for money and the general equilibrium of financial markets. In this paper we discuss the application of these principles of portfolio selection to the behaviour of a depository financial intermediary. This notion is not, of course, entirely novel. For one thing, the extensions of the Markowitz-Tobin theory to include short sales (see Lintner [9]) and mutual fund behaviour (see Merton [12] and the cited studies) indicate that at a sufficiently high level of abstraction the available theory may be directly applicable to financial intermediaries. For another, empirical studies are now available that attempt to explain financial intermediary behaviour on the basis of the principles of portfolio theory (see Parkin [13]). In the case of the extended Markowitz-Tobin model, however, it is to be stressed that it may be applied to depository financial intermediaries only by abstracting from many of the institutional and market factors that make these intermediaries unique, and thus there does remain the need to develop a theory that explicitly incorporates these factors. With respect to the empirical studies, the primary objective has been the estimation of demand functions for financial assets, and thus there has been little attempt to derive the theoretical propositions that become available when portfolio theory is applied to financial intermediaries.
Development of intelligent model to determine favorable wheelchair tilt and recline angles for people with spinal cord injury

Machine-learning techniques have found widespread applications in bioinformatics. Such techniques provide invaluable insight on understanding the complex biomedical mechanisms and predicting the optimal individualized intervention for patients. In our case, we are particularly interested in developing an individualized clinical guideline on wheelchair tilt and recline usage for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The current clinical practice suggests uniform settings to all patients. However, our previous study revealed that the response of skin blood flow to wheelchair tilt and recline settings varied largely among patients. Our finding suggests that an individualized setting is needed for people with SCI to maximally utilize the residual neurological function to reduce pressure ulcer risk. In order to achieve this goal, we intend to develop an intelligent model to determine the favorable wheelchair usage to reduce pressure ulcers risk for wheelchair users with SCI. In this study, we use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to construct an intelligent model that can predict whether a given tilt and recline setting will be favorable to people with SCI based on neurological functions and SCI injury history. Our results indicate that the intelligent model significantly outperforms the traditional statistical approach in accurately classifying favorable wheelchair tilt and recline settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using intelligent models to predict the favorable wheelchair tilt and recline angles. Our methods demonstrate the feasibility of using ANN to develop individualized wheelchair tilt and recline guidance for people with SCI.
Lack of intersite GABA receptor subtype antagonist effects upon μ opioid receptor agonist-induced feeding elicited from either the ventral tegmental area or nucleus accumbens shell in rats

Abstract Pretreatment with the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline or the GABAB receptor antagonist, saclofen, into the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) shell, respectively, potentiates and reduces feeding elicited by the μ opioid agonist, [ d -Ala2, Nme4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), administered into the same site. DAMGO-induced feeding elicited from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) region is significantly reduced by pretreatment with saclofen into the same site indicating local GABA mediation of opioid-induced feeding in each site. Given the neuroanatomical and functional connections between the two sites, the present study evaluated the dose-dependent actions of bicuculline and saclofen pretreatment in one site upon DAMGO-induced feeding elicited from the second site. Pretreatment of either bicuculline (7.5–75 ng) or saclofen (1.5–10 μg) into the Nacc shell failed to alter the time course or magnitude of DAMGO-induced feeding elicited from the VTA region. DAMGO-induced feeding elicited from the Nacc shell was unaffected by VTA region pretreatment with either bicuculline (7.5–75 ng) or saclofen (1.5–5 μg). A higher (10 μg) saclofen dose prevented significant DAMGO-induced feeding after 1 and 4 h. Thus, although GABA receptor subtype antagonists are capable of differentially modulating DAMGO-induced feeding when both drugs are applied locally in either the VTA region or the Nacc shell, it appears that any effects between the VTA region and the Nacc shell in modulating DAMGO-induced feeding do not depend upon a GABAergic synapse in the other site.
The effect of fire spatial scale on Bison grazing intensity

To determine whether fire spatial and temporal scales affect foraging behavior and grazing intensity by Bison (Bison bison), we burned three different patch sizes (225, 900, and 3600 m2) across an otherwise homogeneous grassland landscape. We then monitored grazing intensity for the succeeding 14 months. During the first 5 months after the burn (August–January), the Bison grazing intensity pattern was affected by whether a plot was burned and only marginally affected by plot size. During the next 5 months (January–June), grazing intensity was unaffected by plot size, but was greatest in the unburned 225 and 3600-m2 plots. The final 4 months (June–October), grazing intensity was unaffected by treatments other than being higher in the unburned 3600-m2 plots. By the final sampling date, biomass was significantly greater in the burned plots and grazing intensity appeared to be responding to the amount of biomass present and the total amount of N present. The pattern displayed within the first 5 months after the burn is congruent with the expectations of optimal foraging theory with overmatching in the smallest plot size of 225 m2 (BioScience 37 (1987) 789–799). The next two sampling periods displayed a matching aggregate response relative to biomass availability (Oecologia 100 (1999) 107–117) and total nitrogen mass (g m−2). The temporal shift that we found in Bison response to burn patch size is, to our knowledge, the first such examination of both spatial and temporal responses by Bison to landscape heterogeneity. We now have quantitative evidence of how native herbivores can alter their foraging responses to changes in landscape structure over time.
Ion impact desorption measurements of sputter-deposited copper on stainless steel

Hydrogen ion impact desorption of sputter deposited copper on type 304 stainless steel substrates has been measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Samples were prepared in a plasma simulator and then transferred to an analysis chamber, where each sample was subjected to hydrogen ion bombardment in the energy range 0.3–1 keV. By monitoring Cu+ emission as a function of H ion fluence, it was possible to determine the cross section for desorption. The cross section was evaluated as a function of H ion energy; the maximum value was 1.1 × 10−17cm2 at 1 keV. By monitoring the 63Cu+65Cu+ emission ratio as a function of H ion fluence, slight preferential sputtering of 63Cu was detected. Results from these experiments make it possible to predict the fate of sputter deposited material in a fusion reactor environment, such as whether it is more likely to remain on the first-wall or be released back into the plasma.
Preschool Teachers' Perception and Use of Hearing Assistive Technology in Educational Settings

Purpose This study explored how often sound-field amplification and personal frequency-modulated (FM) systems are used in preschool classrooms, teacher perceptions of advantages and disadvantages of using hearing assistive technology, and teacher recommendations for hearing assistive technology use. Method The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were professionals who provided services to preschool-age children who are deaf or hard of hearing in public or private schools. A total of 306 surveys were sent to 162 deaf education programs throughout the United States; 99 surveys were returned (32%). Simple statistics were used to describe the quantitative survey results; content analysis was completed on open-ended survey comments. Results Surveys were received from teachers working at listening and spoken language preschool programs (65%) and at bilingual–bicultural and total communication preschool programs (35%). Most respondents perceived that hearing assistive technology improved stu...
Discussion of “p-Value Calculation for Multistage Phase II Cancer Clinical Trials”

I thank Jung et al. for addressing an issue that has been heretofore neglected—valid p-values following sequential testing in multistage Phase II trials. They consider three possible orderings of t...
Study of induced hypohalogenation of 1-alkyl(4-methylcyclohex-1-enyl)alkanones, and chemical transformations of the obtained compounds

Induced hydroxyhalogenation of alkyl cyclohexenyl ketones in the systems [MHlg-HX or HHlg]-H2O2 or (NaClO) was performed and the optimal conditions of this reaction were elucidated. It is established that in the system in situ is induced a hypohaloid acid HClO or HBrO is produced that then enters into electrophilic addition at the ring double bond affording hydroxyhalo derivatives of the cycloaliphatic ketones. The alkyl cyclohexenyl ketone chloro(bromo)hydrines and the oxiranes obtained from them are very reactive compounds and can be used as initial compounds for the synthesis of many individual organic compounds
Spinal ultrasound in patients with anorectal malformations: is this the end of an era?

Purpose Even if lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of occult spinal dysraphism (SD) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs), spinal ultrasound (US) performed up to 5 months of life have been largely used as a screening test. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy in terms of sensibility and specificity of neonatal US to detect occult SD in patients with ARMs.
Doing good or doing well? A counter‐story of continuing professional education

This exploratory study begins the examination of one of four research propositions composed to stimulate new questions and research in continuing professional education (CPE), focusing on the relationship between CPE and social justice. Through a critical literature review and comparison of CPE curricula offered by medical and legal professional associations, this study examines ways in which political, cultural and institutional practices within the professions and their associations support or injure various groups.
Childhood sledding injuries

Sledding is only rarely thought of as a potentially dangerous childhood activity. However, serious injuries and occasional deaths do occur. A review of patients 18 years old and younger admitted to a pediatric trauma center following a sledding accident from 1991 to 1997 was conducted. By design this study was expected to identify the most seriously injured patients. Twenty-five patients were identified, all but four younger than 13. Seventeen were boys. The mechanisms of injury were: collision with stationary object, 15; sled-sled collision, 1; struck by sled, 2; going off jump, 3; foot caught under sled or on ground, 3; fall off sled being towed by snowmobile, 1. The average pediatric trauma score was 10.5, and the average injury severity score 10.6. There were no deaths. The injuries were: head, 11; long bone/extremity, all lower, 10; abdomen, 5; chest, 1; facial, 2; spinal, 1. Five patients sustained multiple injuries. A surprisingly high number, 5, had pre-existing neurological conditions that could have played a contributory role in the accident. Sledding is predominantly an activity of children, and occasional serious injuries occur. Most are preventable. Obeying the simple caveat that sledding should only be done in clear areas away from stationary objects would eliminate the great majority of serious injuries.
Screening with Doppler velocimetry in labor

Abstract Doppler flow velocimetry was performed on 273 nonselected patients in labor. All patients were at least 2 cm dilated and 80% effaced (58% > 4 cm) and were delivered of infants within 24 hours. Fetal heart rate tracing performed at the same time was read by another observer and compared with Doppler flow velocity measurements (systolic/ diastolic ratio, pulsatility index). A significant correlation was noted (r = 0.234, p
Home on the Avocado-Green Range: Notes on Suburban Decor in the 1950s

ABSTRACTThis article examines consumer choice, taste, identity, and cultural assimilation as these were experienced and expressed in an upper-middle-class American suburb during the 1950s. Taking the author's own experience of growing up in Newton, MA (a diverse but predominately Jewish community on the outskirts of Boston) as a point of departure, the article looks at the ways in which choices relating to housing (e.g. new construction vs. older homes; traditional or “colonial” style vs. split-level modern), cars, leisure activities, education, and religious practices came to be viewed and understood as representing defining elements of cultural identity and economic status. These everyday decisions point to a complex language of cultural values in which shades of meaning on questions of class, gender, ethnic identity, and social politics are mediated through material culture.
PERCEIVED AGE AND PERCEIVED PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS

The purpose of the present study was to determine if there exists an inverse relationship between perceived age and perceived physical attractiveness, i.e., are older faces evaluated as less attrac...
Diffusion artifacts in dating by stepwise thermal release of rare gases

It is demonstrated that the age of an isochron of apparent age plateau can be easily altered during a thermal release experiment, and that constant rare gas compositions can be observed which are artifacts of the experimental technique and are not chronologically meaningful. Examples are selected from 40Ar-39Ar dating of lunar samples in which anomalous variations in apparent ages can be ascribed to such experimental artifacts.
Career Maturity in Young Adults With Learning Disabilities: What Employment Counselors Should Know

Increasing numbers of those with learning disabilities who are entering college have been found to have special needs related to both academic survival and career development that are often unrecognized and unmet in institutions of higher education. This article reviews research on the characteristics of young adults with learning disabilities, discusses factors that are associated with the career maturity of young adults with learning disabilities, and offers suggestions to employment counselors that would be useful when working with this population.
Roles of Lck, Syk and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinases in TCR-mediated phosphorylation of the adapter protein Shc

The adapter protein Shc has been implicated in mitogenic signaling via growth factor receptors, antigen receptors and cytokine receptors. Recent studies have suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc may play a key role in T lymphocyte proliferation via interaction of phosphorylated Shc with downstream molecules involved in activation of Ras and Myc proteins. However, the sites on Shc that are tyrosine phosphorylated in response to TCR engagement and the ability of different T cell tyrosine kinases to phosphorylate Shc have not been defined. In this report, we show that during TCR signaling, the tyrosines Y239, Y240 and Y317 of Shc are the primary sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutation of all three tyrosines completely abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc following TCR stimulation. Our data also suggest that multiple T cell tyrosine kinases contribute to tyrosine phosphorylation on Shc. In T cells, CD4/Lck-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation on Shc was markedly diminished when Y317 was mutated, suggesting a preference of Lck for the Y317 site. The syk-family kinases (Syk and ZAP-70) were able to phosphorylate the Y239 and Y240 sites, and less efficiently the Y317 site. Moreover, co-expression of Syk or ZAP-70 with Lck resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Shc on all three sites, suggesting a synergy between the syk-family and scr-family kinases. Of the two potential Grb2 binding sites (Y239 and Y317), Y239 appears to play a greater role in recruiting Sos through Grb2. These studies have implications for Ras activation and mitogenic signaling during T cell activation.
A parallel pipelined data flow coprocessor

A parallel pipelined data flow coprocessor has been developed for the 68000 based Commodore Amiga workstation. The coprocessor, based on Nippon Electric Corporation's mPD7281 Image Pipelined Processor (ImPP), was designed as an algorithm processor for numerically intensive applications such as image processing, image synthesis, and numerical analysis. The coprocessor can accomodate up to seven of the 5-MIPS ImPP's providing over 30 MIPS of processing power to dedicated tasks. The ImPP's act as true coprocessor's providing a multi-processor arrangement consisting of the 68000 and the coprocessor's parallel pipeline. The workstation and parallel processors share all system resources including memory and peripherals. The coprocessor has its own DMA capabilities for transferring program code and data between the workstation and the pipeline. The coprocessor is completely programmable via a development environment running native on the Amiga, including an assembler, a simulator, and a runtime library. Additional programming tools are also being developed.
Cashmere-derived keratin for device manufacturing on the micro- and nanoscale

Cashmere-derived keratin was extracted in water solution and then processed using a slow drying technique to obtain flexible, transparent, conformable optical elements. Using soft-lithography techniques, keratin film surfaces were micro- and nano-patterned to obtain biocompatible, compostable, microlens arrays and multidimensional diffractive gratings. Alternatively, keratin was assembled to form periodic three-dimensional nanostructures (i.e. inverse opals) to control and manipulate the flow of light through its lattices.
Comorbidity Rates Do Not Support Distinction between Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Groups of patients with principal diagnosis of panic disorder (n = 54) and generalized anxiety disorder (n = 49) were compared on the basis of their comorbidity with other mental disorders. The rates and patterns of comorbidity were similar, except for comorbid simple phobia and past drug abuse. This finding was interpreted as failing to support a notion that there is essential distinction between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.
NOVEL FERMENTATION PRODUCTS FROM STREPTOMYCES FRADIAE: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 5-O-MYCAROSYLTYLACTONE AND PROOF OF THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF TYLOSIN

5-O-Mycarosyltylactone has been isolated as a predominant factor from fermentation broths of a Streptomyces fradiae mutant. The relative configurations of mycarose and tylactone (protylonolide) have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Hydrolysis of 5-O-mycarosyltylactone yielded (-)-tylactone and L-(-)-mycarose. Taken together, these two experiments establish the absolute configuration of (-)-tylactone. Bioconversion of (-)-tylactone to tylosin by tyl G mutants of S. fradiae proves the absolute configuration of tylosin. Physicochemical data for tylactone and a unique component piece of tylactone are also reported.
Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group Report.

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system (CNS) post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PCNS-PTLD) is a rare complication of solid organ transplantation. The objectives of this study were to define the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this disease and to explore the impact of treatment on patient outcomes. METHODS: The authors reviewed the databases of participating institutions of the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group for cases of PCNS-PTLD. Thirty-four patients who had pathologically confirmed PCNS-PTLD without evidence of systemic PTLD were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: The median time from transplantation to diagnosis of PCNS-PTLD was 4.4 years. Disease usually was multifocal and involved any location of the brain but was most common in the cerebral hemispheres, usually in the subcortical white matter or basal ganglia. Radiographically, all lesions enhanced either homogenously or in a ring-enhancing pattern. Cerebral biopsy was required to establish diagnosis in most patients. Most patients had monomorphic, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive disease of B-cell origin. Response rates were high regardless of treatment type, and the median survival was 47 months. Age was the only factor predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that PCNS-PTLD is typically an EBV-induced B-cell lymphoma that is responsive to treatment with favorable survival in many patients. An aggressive approach to tissue confirmation of diagnosis and treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy should be strongly considered. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society
Beta-adrenoceptor and adenylate cyclase regulation in cardiac myocyte growth.

We studied the effect of growth on beta-adrenergic receptor properties of neonatal rat heart myocytes cultured in serum-free medium with transferrin and insulin. Growth was induced by addition of 1 microM (-)-norepinephrine for two days, 200 nM of the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for two days, or 30 nM T3 for six days. The Kd values for beta-receptor binding (125I-ICYP) were unaffected by growth. The maximum number of beta-receptor binding sites calculated as sites/cell was increased 1.47-fold by T3 (p less than .005), but was decreased to 54% of control values by (-)-norepinephrine (p less than .005): TPA had no effect on either Kd or Bmax values. (-)-Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was augmented only in membranes from T3-treated cells and was reduced by 69% in membranes from (-)-norepinephrine treated cells. TPA had no effect on (-)-isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. We conclude that the mechanisms controlling beta-adrenergic receptor number may be distinct from those controlling growth, since receptor number does not correlate with cell enlargement. Furthermore, in (-)-norepinephrine-stimulated growth, which we have shown previously is an alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediated response, beta-adrenergic signal transduction is modulated in a directionally opposite fashion.
Fast Mersenne-prime transforms for digital filtering

It is shown that Winograd's algorithm can be used to compute an integer transform over GF(q), where q is a Mersenne prime. This new algorithm requires fewer multiplications than the conventional fast Fourier transform (f.f.t). The transform over GF(q) can be implemented readily on a digital computer. This fact makes it possible to more easily encode b.c.h. and r.s. codes.
Induction of microsomal N-hydroxylation of N-2-fluorenylacetamide in rat liver.

Abstract Single or multiple injections of N -2-fluorenyl-acetamide (2-FAA) to Sprague-Dawley rats increased N -hydroxylation of 2-FAA by hepatic microsomes 3- to 12-fold without changing the content of microsomal hemoprotein (cytochrome P-450 or P 1 -450) measured either by carbon monoxide difference spectra, by gel electrophoresis of microsomal preparations or by formation of the ethyl isocyanide cytochrome P 1 -450 complex. Carbon monoxide inhibited N -hydroxylation of 2-FAA by hepatic microsomes of 2-FAA-treated rats. Inhibition by carbon monoxide indicated that either cytochrome P-450 or P 1 -450 is the terminal oxidase in N -hydroxylation by microsomes of 2-FAA-treated rats. Unlike pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, pretreatment with 2-FAA did not appear to induce the synthesis of microsomal hemoprotein. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and of amine oxidase in microsomes of 2-FAA-treated rats were not increased and thus did not account for the stimulation of N -hydroxylation. The induction, by 2-FAA, of a heretofore unknown electron carrier associated with the hepatic mixed-function oxidase is postulated and under investigation.
Alternating frequency/coefficient (AFC) technique in the harmonic balance method

A solution procedure for a system of non-linear equations containing a convolution term is developed by using the harmonic balance method in conjunction with a new alternating frequency/coefficient (AFC) technique. Numerical results show that, unlike the conventional harmonic balance method, the new technique is very effective in searching for solutions for multi-valued non-linear problems, especially in the vicinity of a jump phenomenon.
Inter-Actor conflict mediation within a multisensor tactical threat assessment system

A multisensor tactical threat assessment system is being developed by the US Army CECOM RDEC Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Directorate (lEWD). Roughly speaking, the current system consists of a tactical hypothesis generator and a hypothesis evaluation algorithm. The hypothesis generator is capable of developing complex multi-Actor tactical plans. Plans have a symbolic representation which is then instantiated with actual tactical data to produce an activity model. The hypothesis evaluation algorithm uses the activity model to synthesize possible Actor actions which may satisfy the plan goals. Multi-Actor plans are synthesized individually for each Actor. Thus, each Actor maintains his own peculiar "world-view' of the battlefield during the problem solving process. The resulting implementation is a highly distributed and parallel problem solver. This methodology assumes a deterministic relationship between Actor action execution and the Actor's digital feature space which is a raster picture element (pixel). Spatial changes caused by Actor action execution within a pixel are broadcast to other Actors within the domain using a standard AT BlackBoard (BB). Nondeterministic relationships between Actors are produced whenever the local spatial or temporal goals of two or more Actors conflict with one another. For example, inter-Actor conflict may be produced when two or more Actors attempt to move to the same pixel at the same instant of time. Actor movement can become deadlocked if both Actors cannot co-occupy the same pixel, i.e. ,the McNeil paradox. Recently, a realistic solution to the McNeil paradox was developed by the author. The solution algorithm uses Actor action execution information which has been posted on the BB to develop a global strategy which effectively mediates Actor conflicts. The approach is general enough to encourage the development of a general theory of Actor conflict, including both cooperative and adversarial Actor relationships. The author will show that for certain types of Actor conflicts the complexity of the BB inter-Actor conflict mediation algorithm is 0(n).