cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community structures and niche characteristics of Leptospira host animals in farmlands along Huaihe River

Objective To investigate the syngenetic and synecological characteristics of Leptospira host animals in the farmlands along Huaihe River,China.Methods Trap-at-night method was used to capture small animals in the farmlands along Huaihe River.Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index,and Levins index,the indices of community dominance,diversity,evenness,and niche breadth,were used for the analysis of syngenetic characteristics and niche characteristics of Leptospira host animals in the farmland ecosystem.Results Of the animals captured in the farmlands along Huaihe River,Apodemus agrarius accounted for 89.80%,Crocidura attenuata 6.51%,and Rattus norvegicus,Mus musculus,and Cricetulus triton together 3.69%.The density of host animals was the lowest(5.54%) in 2006 and the highest(13.75%) in 2010.The diversity index,evenness index,and dominance index of the host animals along Huaihe River were 0.4338,0.2696,and 0.8111,respectively.The spatial niche breadth indices of Ap.agrarius and C.attenuata were 0.8030 and 0.9353,respectively,but the spatial niche breadth indices of R.norvegicus,M.musculus,and C.triton were 0.3912 to 0.4220.The temporal niche breadth indices were 0.9185 to 0.9979 for all host animals except C.triton(0).Conclusion There are 5 species of Leptospira host animals in the farmlands along Huaihe River,among which Ap.agrarius is the dominant species and C.attenuata is also common.The host animal density increased in general in 2005-2011,with the peak level in 2010.The host animals have low diversity and evenness and high dominant concentration.Ap.agrarius and C.attenuata have good adaptation to farmland ecosystem and good farmland resource utilization ability.The competition between the species of host animals is not prominent,which may lead to the population outbreak of Ap.agrarius,so the regions along Huaihe River are high-risk areas of leptospirosis.
A 73-year-old woman with confusion, rigidity, and fever.

(1991). A 73-Year-Old Woman with Confusion, Rigidity, and Fever. Hospital Practice: Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 97-100.
Predominant Expression of Hybrid N-Glycans Has Distinct Cellular Roles Relative to Complex and Oligomannose N-Glycans.

Glycosylation modulates growth, maintenance, and stress signaling processes. Consequently, altered N-glycosylation is associated with reduced fitness and disease. Therefore, expanding our understanding of N-glycans in altering biological processes is of utmost interest. Herein, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/caspase9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology was employed to engineer a glycosylation mutant Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line, K16, which expresses predominantly hybrid type N-glycans. This newly engineered cell line enabled us to compare N-glycan effects on cellular properties of hybrid type N-glycans, to the well-established Pro−5 and Lec1 cell lines, which express complex and oligomannose types of N-glycans, respectively. Lectin binding studies revealed the predominant N-glycan expressed in K16 is hybrid type. Cell dissociation and migration assays demonstrated the greatest strength of cell–cell adhesion and fastest migratory rates for oligomannose N-glycans, and these properties decreased as oligomannose type were converted to hybrid type, and further decreased upon conversion to complex type. Next, we examined the roles of three general types of N-glycans on ectopic expression of E-cadherin, a cell–cell adhesion protein. Microscopy revealed more functional E-cadherin at the cell–cell border when N-glycans were oligomannose and these levels decreased as the oligomannose N-glycans were processed to hybrid and then to complex. Thus, we provide evidence that all three general types of N-glycans impact plasma membrane architecture and cellular properties.
Application of machine learning to the prediction of vegetation health

This project applies machine learning techniques to remotely sensed imagery to train and validate predictive models of vegetation health in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. For both locations, we downloaded and processed eleven years of imagery from multiple MODIS datasets which were combined and transformed into two-dimensional matrices. We applied a gradient boosted machines model to the lagged dataset values to forecast future values of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The predictive power of raw spectral data MODIS products were compared across time periods and land use categories. Our models have significantly more predictive power on held-out datasets than a baseline. Though the tool was built to increase capacity to monitor vegetation health in data scarce regions like South Asia, users may include ancillary spatiotemporal datasets relevant to their region of interest to increase predictive power and to facilitate interpretation of model results. The tool can automatically update predictions as new MODIS data is made available by NASA. The tool is particularly well-suited for decision makers interested in understanding and predicting vegetation health dynamics in countries in which environmental data is scarce and cloud cover is a significant concern.
[Status of enterovirus infection and molecular identification among healthy children at the areas bordering Myanmar, in Yunnan province, China].

Objective To explore the enterovirus infection status among healthy children under 15 years old in the border areas of Yunnan province that connecting Myanmar.Methods A total of 319 stool samples were collected from healthy children in the 10 entrance ports.Enterovirus was isolated from these stool samples and then poliovirus and adenovirus were serotyped by neutralization test using specific anti-sera.All the non-polio enteroviruses(NPEVs)were identified by partial sequencing of VP1 gene.Results All 53 enterovirus were isolated from 319 stool samples and 16.6% of them carried the virus.23 polio virus(PVs)and 30 NPEVs were isolated with rates of carrying the virus were 7.2% and 9.4% respectively.4 adenovirus were also isolated with a rate as 1.25%.1 isolate could not be amplified by any Pan-enterovirus primers or by RT-PCR so was not able to be sequenced.The results of NPEVs sequencing showed that:1 isolate(3.3%)was classified into 1 serotype of HEV-A while 20 isolates(66.7%)were classified into 11 serotypes of HEV-B and 8 isolates(26.7%)were classified into 3 serotypes of HEV-C.However,we could not isolate any viruses that belong to HEV-D.nt.Result from the aa identify calculation showed that the nt and aa identification between isolates and corresponding standard strains were more than 75% and 85% respectively.The findings were similar to the international standards.Conclusion Our results showed that the rate of carrying the enterovirus especially poliovirus in some areas of Yunnan province that bordering Myanmar was higher than that of rate through the routine acute flaccid paralysis detection system.Of the enterovirus isolated,HEV-B group appeared the predominant with the wide spread of enterovirus serotype.Some newer enterovirus were also detected such as EV73(2 strains),EV75(1 strain),EV80(1 strain)and EV96(4 strains). Key words: Enterovirus; Typing by sequencing; Healthy children
Nutritional health attitudes and behaviors and their associations with the risk of overweight/obesity among child care providers in Michigan Migrant and Seasonal Head Start centers

Children enrolled in Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs are at high risks of health problems. Although non-family child care providers play important roles on children’s health status as role models, educators, program deliverers, and information mediators, little is known about their nutritional health attitudes and behaviors, and weight status. Therefore, we investigated nutritional health attitudes and behaviors and their associations with overweight/obesity among child care providers in Michigan MSHS centers. A total of 307 child care providers aged ≥ 18 years working in 17 Michigan MSHS centers were included in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2013. An online survey questionnaire was used to collect data on nutritional health attitudes and behaviors of child care providers. Weight status was categorized into normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) based on child care providers’ self-reported height and weight. Factor analysis was performed to investigate patterns of nutritional health attitudes and behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of overweight/obesity across tertiles of pattern scores taking the lowest tertile group as the reference group after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Three patterns of nutritional health attitudes and behaviors were identified: pattern 1) “weight loss practices with weight dissatisfaction”, pattern 2) “healthy eating behaviors”, and pattern 3) “better knowledge of nutrition and health”. The pattern 1 scores were positively associated with overweight/obesity (Tertile 2 vs. Tertile 1: OR = 5.81, 95 % CI = 2.81–12.05; Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1: OR = 14.89, 95 % CI = 6.18–35.92). Within the pattern 2, the OR for overweight/obesity in individuals with the highest scores was 0.37 (95 % CI = 0.19–0.75) compared with those with the lowest scores. However, the pattern 3 was not associated with the risk of overweight/obesity. Our findings support that nutrition education or health interventions targeting MSHS child care providers are urgently necessary. These efforts might be an efficient and effective approach for improving the nutritional health status of young children enrolled in MSHS programs.
Health information use: preliminary results from a systematic review

Searching for health information online is a popular behavior, yet little is known about how people use the information they find. As an initial step towards understanding this important aspect of consumer health information behavior, we conducted a systematic review. We searched three major health-related databases, CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO and identified 31 articles that report consumers' use of health information found online. Thematic analysis of these articles revealed that the most common uses of online health information were to make health decisions and lifestyle changes, and to discuss the information with healthcare professionals.
Children Design Their Interfaces for Web Search Engines: A Participatory Approach

This study involved eleven seventh-grade children in designing interfaces for Web search engines that meet their needs. Using a participatory approach, children drew interfaces and articulated their purposes. The layouts of these interfaces varied, but the features/capabilities described in them were similar. These were, keyword searching with instructions; natural language/phrase. . .
Improving satisfaction among established patients in a midwestern pain clinic

Abstract Background A problem in many health care practices is deciding the appropriate appointment length for new and established patients. Patients become frustrated when there is inadequate time to have their needs met, yet when a patient's clinic time is spontaneously lengthened, the provider gets behind in schedule, causing delays and greater frustration for others. Aim The aims of this evidence based project were to determine whether implementation of a flexible appointment system would improve the current scheduling process in a pain clinic by allowing complex patients the opportunity to schedule a longer clinic appointment and would improve patient satisfaction. Design This evidence-based practice innovation followed a program evaluation process using a descriptive, existing survey completed by clinic staff and patients. Setting A Midwestern pain clinic caring for patients with acute and chronic pain diagnoses. Participants A convenience sample of 120 patients were surveyed before and after the process change. Thirteen staff members completed the survey on SurveyMonkey pre and post procedural change at the same intervals the patients were surveyed. Results Patients were more satisfied with the time that they spent in the exam room and the waiting room. The process change improved communication with staff and patients and provided an opportunity to discuss their concerns and health changes prior to their scheduled appointment. Conclusion Allowing an option for flexible scheduling in appointment lengths provided an opportunity to meet patient needs, offer improved service, and improve patient-provider communication.
Increased luminescence and improved decay kinetics in lithium and cerium co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet scintillators grown by the Czochralski method

In this study, four yttrium aluminum garnet single crystals co-doped with cerium and lithium were produced by the Czochralski method and the scintillation and defect properties were investigated. Our results demonstrated an increase in luminescence with Li co-doping as well as elimination of longer decay times. Surprisingly, although Li is monovalent, no oxidation of cerium from Ce3+ to Ce4+ was found as would be expected to maintain charge neutrality. Additionally, thermoluminescence results indicated a reduction in the trapping of charge carriers by shallow and deep traps, and room temperature photoluminescence measurements showed an improvement in the Ce3+ 5d to 4f transition efficiency.
Dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid in horses: establishment of baseline values on bone turnover, synovial prostaglandin E2, and gait kinematics

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has shown anti-inflammatory effects in laboratory and food animal species by modulating production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), reducing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Bone remodelling may also be affected by CLA. Thus, CLA may reduce inflammation consistent with joint disease. Effects of CLA supplementation in horses have not been previously reported. This study aimed to determine baseline values of CLA supplementation on bone turnover, synovial PGE2 and gait kinematics in mature, idle horses. It was not expected that CLA would affect bone metabolism or gait kinematics in this animal model, as COX2 pathway should not be upregulated. In a crossover study, 12 mature mares were blocked by breed, age, and body condition score and separated into two treatment groups (n=6 per group) fed CLA or corn oil (CO; isocaloric control) for two 6-week feeding periods, separated by a 4-week period when oil treatment was withheld. Corn oil or CLA ...
3D Computational Microscopy in Scattering Media

We describe new computational methods for 3D microscopy in scattering media: single-shot 3D fluorescence imaging and detection-side aperture coding of angle (Fourier) space for capturing 4D phase-space (e.g. light field) datasets.
Inference of incorrect operators

Past work in Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction has demonstrated that incorrect problem-solving performance can be represented as variations on correct problem-solving performance [63, 347, 42]. Subsequent work [43, 201, 348] attempts to automate the discovery of incorrect problem-solving methods when given correct methods. The work described here takes two different approaches to inferring incorrect problem solving operators. The first system, INFER*, discovers new domain rules by applying known rules in reverse, proposing new rules to fill in missing steps. A second system, MALGEN, applies perturbation operators to known rules to create new rules.
Contaminants of emerging concern presence and adverse effects in fish: A case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

The Laurentian Great Lakes are a valuable natural resource that is affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including sex steroid hormones, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and new generation pesticides. However, little is known about the fate and biological effects of CECs in tributaries to the Great Lakes. In the current study, 16 sites on three rivers in the Great Lakes basin (Fox, Cuyahoga, and Raquette Rivers) were assessed for CEC presence using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and grab water samplers. Biological activity was assessed through a combination of in vitro bioassays (focused on estrogenic activity) and in vivo assays with larval fathead minnows. In addition, resident sunfish, largemouth bass, and white suckers were assessed for changes in biological endpoints associated with CEC exposure. CECs were present in all water samples and POCIS extracts. A total of 111 and 97 chemicals were detected in at least one water sample and POCIS extract, respectively. Known estrogenic chemicals were detected in water samples at all 16 sites and in POCIS extracts at 13 sites. Most sites elicited estrogenic activity in bioassays. Ranking sites and rivers based on water chemistry, POCIS chemistry, or total in vitro estrogenicity produced comparable patterns with the Cuyahoga River ranking as most and the Raquette River as least affected by CECs. Changes in biological responses grouped according to physiological processes, and differed between species but not sex. The Fox and Cuyahoga Rivers often had significantly different patterns in biological response Our study supports the need for multiple lines of evidence and provides a framework to assess CEC presence and effects in fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.
Dental Shade Matching and Value Discernment Abilities of First-Year Dental Students.

PURPOSE To determine if Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test, Perceptual Ability Test, gender, age, ethnicity, and time predict dental shade matching and value discernment in first-year dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test was administered to 95 first-year-dental students beneath a Judge II booth (color temperature of 6500°K, and color rendering index of 90). Students also arranged 16 masked shade tabs from a Vita Classic shade guide by value (lightest to darkest) and matched together 16 pairs of masked shade tabs from two Vita Classic shade guides. Ethnicity, age, Perceptual Ability Test scores, gender, and time to complete the tests were recorded. Associations and correlations were investigated using chi-square, Tukey-Kramer HSD, standard least square, and multilinear regression (p < 0.05). RESULTS Total error scores on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test ranged from 0 to 144. Forty-eight students exhibited superior color acuity, 45 average, and two poor. The mean number of correct answers for matching shade tabs together was 11.6, and 6.1 for arranging the shade tabs by value. Females performed statistically better than males on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test and shade tab matching. Better color discrimination identified by lower total error scores on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test was directly correlated to greater ability to match shade tabs together. Perceptual Ability Test scores had slight significance. As the scores increased there was slightly better performance on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test. Older participants performed better than younger subjects on the value test. No other correlations were significant for any of the tests. CONCLUSIONS Females and individuals who performed better on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test have improved dental shade-matching ability.
A Long-Term Dissipation of the EUV He ii (30.4 nm) Segmentation in Full-Disk Solar Images

Some quiet-Sun days observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during the time interval in 2010 – 2017 were used to continue our previous analyses reported by Didkovsky and Gurman (Solar Phys. 289, 153, 2014a) and Didkovsky, Wieman, and Korogodina (Solar Phys. 292, 32, 2017). The analysis consists of determining and comparing spatial spectral ratios (spectral densities over some time interval) from spatial (segmentation-cell length) power spectra. The ratios were compared using modeled compatible spatial frequencies for spectra from the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on-board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and from AIA images. With the new AIA data added to the EIT data we analyzed previously, the whole time interval from 1996 to 2017 reported here is approximately the length of two “standard” solar cycles (SC). The spectral ratios of segmentation-cell dimension structures show a significant and steady increase with no detected indication of SC-related returns to the values that characterize the SC minima. This increase in spatial power at high spatial frequencies is interpreted as a dissipation of medium-size EUV network structures to smaller-size structures in the transition region. Each of the latest ratio changes for 2010 through 2017 spectra calculated for a number of consecutive short-term intervals has been converted into monthly mean ratio (MMR) changes. The MMR values demonstrate variable sign and magnitudes, thus confirming the solar nature of the changes. These changes do not follow a “typical” trend of instrumental degradation or a long-term activity profile from the He ii (30.4 nm) irradiance measured by the Extreme ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (ESP) either. The ESP is a channel of the Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on-board SDO.
Portmanteau test of independence

Most inferential tools of functional data analysis rely on the assumption of iid functional observations. In designed experiments this assumption can be ensured, but for observational data, especially derived from time series, it requires a verification. In this chapter, based on the paper of Gabrys and Kokoszka (2007), we describe a simple portmanteau test of independence for functional observations whose idea is as follows.
On Lie Algebras Generated by Two Differential Operators

We shall denote by K a field of characteristic 0, by K[x] the ring of polynomials in r variables x1,...,xr with coefficients in K, and by D. the K-derivation in K[x] defined by Dixj. = δij.. for 1 ≦ i, j ≦ r; then the multiplications by x1,...,xr in K[x] and D1.,...,Dr generate a subalgebra A of the associative K-algebra of all K-linear transformations in K[x]. An element X of A can be written uniquely in the form $$x = \sum {{a_{{i_l} \cdot \cdot \cdot {i_r}{j_l} \cdot \cdot \cdot {j_r}}}x_l^{{i_l}} \cdot \cdot \cdot x_r^{{i_r}}} D_l^{{j_l}} \cdot \cdot \cdot D_r^{{j_r}}$$ with a \({a_{{i_l} \cdot \cdot \cdot {i_r}{j_l} \cdot \cdot \cdot {j_r}}}\) in K; it is a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients.
An Extensible, Open Framework for Power Quality Disturbance Events

Although power quality (PQ) disturbances events such as rms variations and transients occur in transmission and distribution systems, these datasets are mostly managed through proprietary solutions in different data formats. This paper presents a simple, yet effective, metadata database schema to manage voluminous PQ disturbance events in power systems. A database constructed using the schema can be used to store the metadata providing descriptive and analytical analysis of the disturbance events. Proposed schema defines five classes to store the metadata associated with PQ disturbance events: event, time-series, description, software analysis, and IEEE disturbance classification. The classes that form the schema are presented, then are demonstrated using actual disturbance events captured from a distribution system.
Bowel management in children with spina bifida

Spina bifida is a birth defect that commonly causes bowel and bladder dysfunction in children with a significant negative impact on quality of life and emotional wellbeing. Fecal continence improves satisfaction and the quality of life of both children and their caretakers. Bowel management in children with spina bifida is hampered by limited controlled studies and variable practice within different institutions and subspecialists. The goals of a successful bowel management program in children with spina bifida consist of predictable bowel movements, social continence, and eventual independence. Treatment options range from conservative interventions such as diets and oral laxatives that modify stool consistency and transit, to trans-anal irrigations and antegrade continence enemas that facilitate predictable recto-sigmoid emptying and provide a greater degree of independence. In children, the treatment approach should be implemented in the context of the child's developmental age in order to allow for optimum social integration with their age-appropriate peers. We present a review of a stepwise approach to bowel management in children with spina bifida and the challenges related to the proposed treatment options.
Seed predation in the legume Crotalaria : I. Intensity and variability of seed predation in native and introduced populations of C. pallida ait.

In order to evaluate the role of seed predators as selective agents within a population of conspecific plants, the intensity of predispersal seed predation by chewing insects and the variation in predation intensity with individual and season were measured for the legume shrub Crotalaria pallida. In a native, tropical (East African) population, predation intensity averaged 49% for late dry season-early wet season samples, but ranged from less than 20% to near 100% for different individuals. Average seedcrop loss varied markedly with season, and these seasonal shifts differed in two adjacent sites, probably due at least in part to transient predator satiation. However, individual plants differed significantly in intensity of seed predation sustained, and these individual differences were apparently maintained consistently in the face of the seasonal changes. For introduced, temperate-zone (North Carolina, USA) populations of the same species, predation averaged only 16-17%, but the proportionate variation among individuals was even greater than for the African population. These results support the hypothesis that predators inflict substantial differential seed mortality and discriminate consistently among individual plant seedcrops, thus exerting strong selection within plant populations.
Cerebral foreign body reaction due to hydrophilic polymer embolization following aneurysm treatment by pipeline flow diversion device

The use of flow diverting stents for wide based, intracranial aneurysms has become an invaluable treatment option. While intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke from dislodged atherosclerotic emboli are common adverse events, the potential for delayed granulomatous inflammation from possible hydrophilic polymer emboli is rarely recognized. We present a unique case in which visible chipping of the pusher wire for stent placement was observed, followed by clinical and radiographic evidence suggestive of a delayed foreign body reaction to intracranial hydrophilic polymer emboli. A 55-year-old woman underwent placement of a Pipeline embolization device for a left-sided, broad-based aneurysm at the base of the internal carotid artery and posterior communicating artery. Two months later she developed right-sided focal neurological deficits. Imaging showed ipsilateral focal edema and enhancing lesions with contrast. Although not confirmed with biopsy and histopathology, clinical and radiographic evidence suggests that this patient probably experienced a delayed foreign body reaction to hydrophilic polymer emboli from compromised procedural equipment during flow diverting stent placement. Although previously described, this is the first instance to our knowledge in whichvisible chipping of the pusher wire was observed on a Pipeline embolization device.
Report of the 2018-2019 strategic engagement standing committee

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Strategic engagement is critical to the success of colleges and schools of pharmacy in expanding pharmacy and public health practice, meeting programmatic needs, and fulfilling institutional missions. The AACP 2019-2020 Strategic Engagement Committee was charged with exploring faculty leadership and development as they relate to strategic engagement, considering challenges and barriers to faculty participation and identifying successes in faculty engagement and opportunities for professional development. The committee reviewed literature and examples regarding strategic engagement across academic pharmacy, with strategic engagement understood as being part of the service mission of academic institutions. The committee found faculty service is often not rewarded or recognized equally to efforts in research and education, including in promotion and tenure. The perceived low value often accorded to strategic engagement efforts, coupled with lack of time and low priority for the work, are barriers to faculty participation in strategic engagement. Service missions thrive when supported by institutional culture, faculty and alumni role models and administration priorities. The committee also found that there is no defined path to leadership in most national organizations, a limited number of leadership positions and a lack of awareness regarding these positions. However, strategic engagement with organizations can open doors and increase visibility for faculty, leading to enhanced opportunities and improved scholarship. Engagement efforts can be particularly successful when aligned with faculty interests and school and departmental priorities. Based on the committee's work, the following recommendations are provided to AACP for consideration.Recommendation #1 - AACP should create a pathway or exemplar stories of members who have become leaders within the Academy including institutional and volunteer leadership roles.Recommendation #2 - AACP should provide an organizational chart to outline the reporting structures, as well as the policy development process to help members understand how AACP works and points of entry for involvement.Recommendation #3 - AACP should develop an initiative to "groom" faculty for leadership roles including providing tools/training programs for emerging leaders within the Academy.Recommendation #4 - AACP should consider creating a community for targeted groups of faculty, eg, tenured/tenure-track and non-tenure track to address leadership development and engagement based on member interest.Recommendation #5 - AACP should establish a "service mentors" program to match current and past leaders with members interested in enhancing their involvement in the association.
Randomized phase II trial of erlotinib (E) plus high-dose celecoxib (HD-C) or placebo (P) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

7518 Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent signalling represents a potential mechanism of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in N...
Hysteresis in the normal rate of capacity utilization: A behavioral explanation

Kaleckians describe a normal rate of capacity utilization that is subject to hysteresis effects. This means that the normal rate varies directly with the actual rate of capacity utilization, ensuring that steady‐state equilibrium conditions in the Kaleckian model are fully adjusted (the actual and normal rates of capacity utilization are equalized) but without this last condition implying that the rate of capacity utilization is constant in the long run. The relationship between distribution and growth unique to the Kaleckian model is, thus, preserved. The hysteresis mechanism has been criticized from various quarters, however, these criticisms focusing on its alleged lack of behavioral foundations. This paper shows that consistent with the stylized facts, variation in the normal rate of capacity utilization in response to variation in the actual capacity utilization rate can be derived from the links between both variables and the volatility of the macroeconomic environment—volatility, in the presence of fundamental uncertainty, being an important reason why firms deliberately under‐utilize capacity (even in the long run) in the first place. The result is an empirically grounded behavioral foundation for hysteresis in the normal rate of capacity utilization.
Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy, MRI Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings: Case 2

The neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being better understood as the pandemic progresses. We report a second case of a patient who presented with COVID-19 infection and encephalopathy to our institution. In addition, we report MRI brain and cerebrospinal fluid data. COVID-19 does not seem to cross the blood-brain barrier. The exact mechanisms of encephalopathy and pathological response of COVID-19 are unknown.
Intervening with adults

Abstract Social skills facilitate meaningful and rewarding interactions with others. Functional impairments in social skills place individuals at risk for adverse social, occupational, mental, and physical health outcomes. In this chapter, we provide an overview on social skills training (SST) programs that can help adults acquire and implement effective social skills. We identify key principles underlying social learning theory and review implementation and service delivery considerations among adult populations. Extant programs serve a variety of presenting concerns, including but not limited to adults with neurodevelopmental disorders, mood and depressive disorders, serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, and problems such as traumatic brain injury and couple distress. Intervention targets with adults often include enhancing communication, relationship, social cognitive, and independent living/vocational skills. We review exemplar programs that have supportive research evidence and discuss future directions for SST programs for adults.
Structural changes upon magnetic ordering in magnetocaloric AlFe2B2

With a Curie temperature just above room temperature, AlFe2B2 is a useful magnetocaloric material composed of earth-abundant elements. We employ temperature-dependent high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction to establish with high certainty that the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in AlFe2B2 is of second order, showing no discontinuity in lattice parameters or cell volume. Nevertheless, the lattice parameters undergo anisotropic changes across the transition with distinct differences in the thermal expansion coefficients. While the a and b lattice parameters show a positive thermal expansion, c shows a negative thermal expansion. We link these changes to the respective interatomic distances to determine the contribution of magnetism to the anisotropic structural evolution. The work underpins the possible role of magnetostructural coupling in driving the magnetocaloric effect in AlFe2B2.
How Much Better Is Commitment Policy Than Discretionary Policy? Evidence From Six Developed Economies

Much has been written on how an active central bank produces inflation outcomes above and beyond what commitment policy would produce. This paper contributes to this body of literature by simulating from the state estimates of both commitment and discretionary policy equilibria in a familiar dynamic New–Keynesian framework. Optimal interest rate and inflation rate policies are derived under the two regimes for six developed economies. The model is estimated using Bayesian methods employing a random-walk Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Optimal inflation and interest rate policies for each of the economies are simulated. Results suggest that the simulated inflation induced by discretionary policy is not significantly different from commitment policy after 2000 for five of the six countries (including the U.S). Simulated commitment interest rate policy is on average 1.9% higher at the center of the distribution, suggesting that discretionary interest rate policy is on average more often loose compared to commitment interest rate policy. Simulations of the average inflation deviation and welfare loss of discretion policy indicate are greatest when the central bank exhibits low preference for inflation targeting and high preference for output stability.
Multicolor structured illumination microscopy and quantitative control of coherent light with a digital micromirror device

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful super-resolution (SR) microscopy technique which is applicable to a wide variety of biological systems because it does not impose photophysics requirements on the sample. Nevertheless, current ferroelectric or liquid crystal display spatial light modulator (SLM) based SIM instruments are expensive and slow compared with digital micromirror device (DMD) implementations, while DMD implementations either rely on incoherent projection which results in an order of magnitude lower signal-to-noise, or utilize coherent light at only a single wavelength. The primary obstacle to realizing a multicolor coherent DMD SIM microscope is the blazed grating effect due to the tilted micromirrors, and the lack of efficient quantitative approaches for dealing with such systems. To address this challenge, we develop a variety of quantitative tools which are applicable to any experiment relying on a DMD as an active diffractive element, including a closed form solution of the blaze and diffraction conditions, a forward model of DMD diffraction, and a forward model of coherent pattern projection. We demonstrate their power by using periodic patterns to directly map the optical transfer function of our microscope, an approach that was previously computationally infeasible. Finally, we apply these techniques to SIM by identifying experimentally feasible configuration for combinations of three and four common fluorophore wavelengths. Based on these advances, we constructed a custom DMD SIM microscope using three wavelengths and coherent light and validated this instrument by demonstrating resolution enhancement for known calibration samples, fixed cells, and live cells. This low-cost setup opens the door to applying SIM more broadly in live cell and other time-resolved experiments.
Improvements to a quantum mechanical abrasion-ablation model of nuclear fragmentation: Revised nuclear level densities and improved ablation code

Abstract Transport codes used for space radiation protection require accurate nuclear fragmentation cross sections as input. The fragmentation process is modeled in two stages: a fast step, called abrasion or knockout, and a slower step, called evaporation or ablation. In this work, the ablation step is calculated via Monte Carlo (MC) methods using the recently modified legacy EVAporation (EVA) code. The code is based on the Weisskopf-Ewing particle emission formalism and has been extensively overhauled and modernized. Updates include a new nuclear mass table and modifications to the nuclear level density expression. The new formulation enables calculated results to exhibit the odd-even effect observed in experimental measurements. The revised ablation code, EVAporation-University of Tennessee, Knoxville (EVA-UTK), has been coupled with the quantum multiple scattering abrasion formalism incorporated in the nuclear fragmentation code, Optical PoTential FRAGmentation (OPTFRAG), and resulted in substantial improvements in agreement between fragmentation cross section estimates and experimental measurements.
Genetic analysis of electroactive biofilms

Geobacter biofilms synthesize an electroactive exopolysaccharide matrix with conductive pili and c-cytochromes that spatially organizes cells optimally for growth and electron transport to iron oxide substrates, soluble metal contaminants, and current-harvesting electrodes. Despite its relevance to bioremediation and bioenergy applications, little is known about the developmental stages leading to the formation of mature (>20 μm thick) electroactive biofilms. Thus, we developed a transposon mutagenesis method and a high-throughput screening assay and identified mutants of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA interrupted in the initial stages of surface colonization (attachment and monolayer formation) and the vertical growth and maturation of multilayered biofilms. The molecular dissection of biofilm formation demonstrated that cells undergo a regulated developmental program to first colonize the surface to saturation and then synthesize an electroactive matrix to support optimal cell growth within structured communities. Transitioning from a monolayer to a multilayered, mature biofilm required the expression of conductive pili, consistent with the essential role of these extracellular protein appendages as electronic conduits across all layers of the biofilms. The genetic screening also identified cell envelope processes, regulatory pathways, and electron transport components not previously linked to biofilm formation. These genes provide much-needed understanding of the cellular reprogramming needed to build electroactive biofilms. Importantly, they serve as predictive markers of the physiology and reductive capacity of Geobacter biofilms during the bioremediation of toxic metals and radionuclides and current harvesting in bioelectrochemical systems.
YAP1 nuclear efflux and transcriptional reprograming follow membrane diminution upon VSV-G-induced cell fusion

Cells in many tissues, such as bone, muscle, and placenta, fuse into syncytia to acquire new functions and transcriptional programs. While it is known that fused cells are specialized, it is unclear whether cell-fusion itself contributes to programmatic-changes that generate the new cellular state. Here, we address this by employing a fusogen-mediated, cell-fusion system to create syncytia from undifferentiated cells. RNA-Seq analysis reveals VSV-G-induced cell fusion precedes transcriptional changes. To gain mechanistic insights, we measure the plasma membrane surface area after cell-fusion and observe it diminishes through increases in endocytosis. Consequently, glucose transporters internalize, and cytoplasmic glucose and ATP transiently decrease. This reduced energetic state activates AMPK, which inhibits YAP1, causing transcriptional-reprogramming and cell-cycle arrest. Impairing either endocytosis or AMPK activity prevents YAP1 inhibition and cell-cycle arrest after fusion. Together, these data demonstrate plasma membrane diminishment upon cell-fusion causes transient nutrient stress that may promote transcriptional-reprogramming independent from extrinsic cues. Cells in many tissues fuse into syncytia acquiring new functions. By investigating whether physical remodelling promotes differentiation, here, the authors show that plasma membrane diminution post-fusion causes transient nutrient stress that inhibits YAP1 activity and may reduce proliferation-promoting transcription.
The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Second Edition and its Relationship with Attention and Verbal Learning in a Pediatric Population

Concussions affect over 3.8 million Americans annually, and youths comprise the majority of those affected. “Return to play” (RTP) and “return to think” (RTT) decisions following concussions are based on the assessment of several factors including symptom resolution and neuropsychological functioning. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Second Edition (SCAT-2) was developed as a sideline assessment tool to aid in these decisions. Clinicians may infer neuropsychological status from results of the tool, but no studies have directly examined validity of this relationship. Fifty-seven concussed participants between the ages of 10 and 19 were assessed using the SCAT-2 as well as with a memory task (California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT]) and a computerized measure of attention (Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II [CPT-II]). Performance on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion [SAC] scale, a component of the SCAT-2, was associated with verbal learning and various measures of inattention. Implications of these findings for concussion assessment and future research are discussed.
A post-translational modification, unrelated to hydroxylation, in the collagenous domain of nonhelical pro-alpha 2(I) procollagen chains secreted by chemically transformed hamster fibroblasts.

Transformed Syrian hamster embryo (NQT-SHE) fibroblasts do not synthesize the pro-alpha 1 subunit of type I procollagen, but secrete two modified forms of the pro-alpha 2(I) subunit that migrate more slowly than the normal chain during gel electrophoresis (Peterkofsky, B., and Prather, W. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 16818-16826). By electrophoretic analysis of cyanogen bromide and V8 protease-derived peptides from the collagenous domains of intra- and extracellular pro-alpha 2(I) chains, we find that the modification occurs almost exclusively in secreted molecules, is located in the region spanned by the cyanogen bromide peptide CB3,5, and persists when hydroxylation is inhibited. Thus, modification is due to a post-translational reaction other than hydroxylation. The modified chains appear to be secreted in the denatured state since: 1) helical structures formed at 4 degrees C under acidic conditions were unstable under neutral conditions at 37 degrees C; 2) conditions that destabilize the type I procollagen helix and thus inhibit its secretion, i.e. inhibition of proline hydroxylation or incorporation of the proline analog cis-hydroxyproline, did not affect secretion of the modified chains. The time courses for secretion of nonhelical modified chains from NQT-SHE and of hydroxylated helical procollagen I from control cells, as a proportion of total collagen synthesized, were similar. Although cis-hydroxyproline did not inhibit the secretion of the modified chains, it induced their rapid intracellular degradation.
Consistency and Fault Tolerance Considerations for the Next Iteration of the DOE Fast Forward Storage and IO Project

The DOE Extreme-Scale Technology Acceleration Fast Forward Storage and IO Stack project is going to have significant impact on storage systems design within and beyond the HPC community. With phase 1 of the project complete, it is an excellent opportunity to evaluate many of the decisions made to feed into the phase 2 effort. With this paper we not only provide a timely summary of important aspects of the design specifications but also capture the underlying reasoning that is not available elsewhere.The initial effort to define a next generation storage system has made admirable contributions in architecture and design. Formalizing the general idea of data staging into burst buffers for the storage system will help manage the performance variability and offer additional data processing opportunities outside the main compute and storage system. Adding a transactional mechanism to manage faults and data visibility helps enable effective analytics without having to work around the IO stack semantics. While these and other contributions are valuable, similar efforts made elsewhere may offer attractive alternatives or differing semantics that could yield a more feature rich environment with little to no additional overhead. For example, the Doubly Distributed Transactions (D2T) protocol offers an alternative approach for incorporating transactional semantics into the data path. Another project, PreDatA, examined how to get the best throughput for data operators and may offer additional insights into further refinements of the Burst Buffer concept. This paper examines some of the choices made by the Fast Forward team and compares them with other options and offers observations and suggestions based on these other efforts. This will include some non-core contributions of other projects, such as some of the demonstration metadata and data storage components generated while implementing D2T, to make suggestions that may help the next generation design for how the IO stack works as a whole.