cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association between emotional intelligence and professionalism among dental hygiene students

INTRODUCTION Emotional intelligence (EI) includes the ability to evaluate and govern the emotions of oneself and others. Limited evidence exists in determining whether EI is related to professionalism. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether relationships exist between EI and professionalism among undergraduate dental hygiene students. METHODS Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey research design, the study instrument consisted of 3 parts: (1) The Emotional Quotient Self-Assessment Checklist (EQSAC) included 30 questions measuring 6 domains of EI; (2) The Patient Management and Professionalism Scale (PMPS) included 10 questions measuring 5 domains of professionalism; and (3) Demographic questions. Descriptive statistics, correlational statistics, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The responses from 49 participants were used, which represented a response rate of 80.3%. Most undergraduate dental hygiene student participants had EI and professionalism scores in the moderate range. Total EI scores were significant predictors of total professionalism scores (P < 0.001) and EI domain scores were found to be significant predictors of professionalism domain scores (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Since EI was found to be a predictor of professionalism, improving EI levels may bolster the development of professionalism among undergraduate dental hygiene students. Further research should utilize a larger population of dental hygiene students across multiple institutions.
The Spectrum of MR Imaging Patterns Suggestive of Pediatric Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children With Cerebral X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy.

Background and purpose Children receiving chemotherapy, or immunosuppression have an increased risk for pediatric posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (pPRES); pPRES is scantly described in cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) patients, for which hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves outcomes. This study aimed to describe distinctive lesion patterns, distribution, and evolution of neuroimaging findings in PRES in a single-center pediatric cohort of cALD. Methods We retrospectively identified all clinically acquired brain MRIs of children with cALD at a tertiary care university hospital between 1995 and 2020. We reviewed clinical features, conventional MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging findings of patients with gray matter and white matter (WM) changes suggestive of concurrent PRES-cALD. Associations between the distinctive anatomic features, distribution, and abnormal signal intensity on MRI were examined with regard to the etiology and clinical outcome. Results Our search revealed a series of eight pediatric cALD patients presenting with seizures, headache, or altered mental status with MRI findings suggestive of both PRES and cALD simultaneously. In each, the cortical-subcortical vasogenic edema on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery was consistent with pPRES, overlying the periventricular WM (PVWM) involvement typical of cALD. Of these 8 patients, the cortical-subcortical lesions on FLAIR were completely reversible on follow-up MRI in 7, but only partially reversible in 1. Conclusions It is crucial to recognize that pPRES can occur in cALD, notably, the cortical edema and leptomeningeal enhancement can accelerate the diagnosis of superimposed pPRES, while the PVWM lesions of cALD remain following the resolution of pPRES.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: JACC Focus Seminar

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the result of pulmonary arterial obstruction by organized thrombotic material stemming from incompletely resolved acute pulmonary embolism. The exact incidence of CTEPH is unknown but appears to approximate 2.3% among survivors of acute pulmonary embolism. Although ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy has been supplanted by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography in the diagnostic approach to acute pulmonary embolism, it has a major role in the evaluation of patients with suspected CTEPH, the presence of mismatched segmental defects being consistent with the diagnosis. Diagnostic confirmation of CTEPH is provided by digital subtraction pulmonary angiography, preferably performed at a center familiar with the procedure and its interpretation. Operability assessment is then undertaken to determine if the patient is a candidate for potentially curative pulmonary endarterectomy surgery. When pulmonary endarterectomy is not an option, pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted pharmacotherapy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty represent potential therapeutic alternatives.
Development of Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge during Lesson Planning of Socioscientific Issues

This case study addresses the pedagogical challenges teachers face in incorporating elements of socioscientific issues (SSI) when planning science and mathematics lessons. In order to effectively plan and teach SSI lessons, teachers must develop pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) specific to unpacking elements of SSI such as identifying an issue that is debatable and relevant to students’ lives, employing reflective scientific skepticism, and evaluating multiple perspectives. This study was guided by the following research questions: 1) In what ways, if any, did teachers’ knowledge and instructional design of SSI change throughout the intensive series of workshops? 2) What areas of SSI required additional support? To answer our research questions, we analyzed changes in lesson plans from 29 teachers, mostly science and secondary, over the course of three intensive workshops as part of the Integrating STEM in Everyday Life Conference Series. Over the five month period, teachers worked in groups and with mentors to design and implement SSI lessons. Our findings show that teachers demonstrated positive changes in all SSI elements over the course of the workshops. However, deeper analysis reveals that teachers struggled to balance the social and scientific aspects of SSI. Moreover, our analysis suggests that teachers did not focus on the discursive nature of SSI in their lesson plans. Implications of our study include ways in which professional development programs can cultivate teachers’ PCK of SSI in order to better support them in planning and implementing SSI lessons.
Dynamic Strain Aging in Additively Manufactured Steel at Elevated Temperatures

To develop a fundamental understanding of dynamic strain aging, discovery experiments were designed and completed to inform the development of a dislocation based micromechanical constitutive model that will ultimately tie to continuum level plasticity and failure models. Dynamic strain aging occurs when dislocation motion is hindered by the repetitive interaction of solute atoms, most frequently interstitials, with dislocation cores. Initially, the solute atmospheres pin the dislocation core until the virtual force on the dislocation is high enough to allow glissile motion. At temperatures where the interstitials are mobile enough, the atmospheres can repeatedly reform, lock, and release dislocations producing a characteristic serrated flow curve. This phenomenon can produce unusual mechanical behavior of materials and changes in the strain rate and temperature responses. Detrimental effects such as loss of ductility often accompany these altered responses.
Fated for foreigners: Ecological realities shape perspectives of transnational marriage in northern Thailand

Abstract Around the world, intercultural contact prompted by modern globalization has reconstituted private dimensions of people’s lives. One such private dimension that has been significantly reshaped is that of kinship networks, due in part to the increasing feasibility and normalization of transnational marriage. This study examines perspectives of transnational marriage among adolescents and parents in northern Thailand, where such intimate intercultural relationships are increasingly common. Eighty Thai participants, evenly divided by ecological context (rural, urban) and generational cohort (adolescent, parent), participated in semi-structured interviews in which perspectives of Thai–foreigner marriages were discussed. Participants’ moral evaluations were examined quantitatively and moral reasoning was examined qualitatively. Quantitative analysis revealed that participants across ecological contexts and generational cohorts agreed that transnational marriage is mostly morally right and a little morally wrong. Qualitative analysis revealed differences across ecological contexts and across generations in the urban setting in values endorsed to support their evaluations. Rural adolescent and parent evaluations of transnational marriage were largely informed by local Thai values, urban adolescent evaluations were informed by autonomous Western values, and urban parent evaluations were driven by local and Western values. The distinct values endorsed across contexts and across generations in the urban setting point to how ecological realities—particularly exposure to and embeddedness in individualistic globalization discourses—shape perspectives of intimate intercultural relationships.
Polygenic Risk for Aggression Predicts Adult Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses via Substance Use Offending in Emerging Adulthood and is Moderated by a Family-Centered Intervention.

A substance use offense reflects an encounter with law enforcement and the court system in response to breaking the law which may increase risk for substance use problems later in life. Individuals may also be at risk for substance use offending and substance use problems based on genetic predisposition. We examined a mediation model in which polygenic risk for aggression predicted adult substance use disorder diagnoses (SUD) via substance use offending in emerging adulthood. In addition, we explored for potential attenuation of genetic influences on these outcomes by a family-based intervention, the Family Check-Up (FCU). Secondary data analyses based upon the Project Alliance 1 sample was conducted among those with genetic data (n = 631; 322 from control and 309 from FCU intervention). The sample was ethnically diverse (30% African American, 44% European American, 6% Latinx, 4% Asian American, 3% Native American, and 13% Other). Greater polygenic risk for aggression was found to increase risk for substance use violations (age 19–23), which in turn was associated with greater likelihood of being diagnosed with SUD at age 27. A gene-by-intervention effect was found in which individuals in the control group had greater risk for SUD with increasing polygenic risk for aggression. Some convergence in results was found when replicating analyses in African American and European American subgroups. Results imply that genetic predisposition may increase risk for problematic substance use later in life via antisocial behavior, such as substance use offending, and that this can be attenuated by a family-centered intervention.
A Brand-New Look at You: Predicting Brand Personality in Social Media Networks with Machine Learning

Abstract Tools for analyzing social media text data to gain marketing insight have recently emerged. While a wealth of research has focused on automated human personality assessment, little research has focused on advancing methods for obtaining brand personality from social media content. Brand personality is a nuanced aspect of brands that has a consistent set of traits aside from its functional benefits. In this study, we introduce a novel, automated, and generalizable data analytics approach to extract near real-time estimates of brand personalities in social media networks. This method can be used to track attempts to change brand personality over time, measure brand personality of competitors, and assess congruence in brand personality. Applied to consumer data, firms can assess how consumers perceive brand personality and study the effects of brand–consumer congruence in personality. Our approach develops a novel hybrid machine learning algorithmic design (LDA2Vec), which bypasses often extensive manual coding tasks, thus providing an adaptable and scalable tool that can be used for a range of management studies. Our approach enhances the theoretical understanding of channeled and perceived brand personality as it is represented in social media networks and provides practitioners with the ability to foster branding strategies by using big data resources.
Moving Beyond 'Isolated' Gene Patents

The U.S. Supreme Court has decided that not all gene patents are alike. This commentary, published in Science, provides insights into what the decision means for research, innovation, business, and patients.
Immersional Heats and the Nature of Solid Surfaces

Publisher Summary Of the various calorimetric approaches to the measurement of interaction heats, the measurements of the heats of immersion of fine powders in liquids are the simplest and most highly developed both from the technical and theoretical points of view. This chapter discusses the theory and applications of immersional heats. Heats of immersion are usually small exothermic quantities of the order of magnitude of heats of adsorption but are quite significant. The number of purposes to which immersional studies can be applied are (1) to obtain fundamental information concerning the interactions of surfaces with adsorbate molecules, particularly where other techniques are not suitable, (2) to rate the polarity of solid surfaces from their heats of immersion in simple organic liquids having different peripheral dipole moments, (3) to measure the site energy distribution or other surface properties of powders by measuring the heats of immersion as a function of the amount of preadsorbed wetting liquid, and (4) to study the nature and extent of solution adsorption.
Building Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality

Abstract Rising energy prices, among other factors, have generated an incentive to reduce ventilation rates and thereby reduce the cost of heating and cooling buildings. Reduced infiltration and ventilation in buildings may significantly increase exposure to indoor contaminants and perhaps have adverse effects on occupant health and comfort. Four indoor air contaminants – carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide from gas appliances; formaldehyde from particleboard, plywood, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation, and gas appliances; and radon from building materials, soil, and ground water – are currently receiving considerable attention in the context of potential health risks associated with reduced infiltration and ventilation rates. We have measured and analyzed these air contaminants in conventional and energy efficient buildings with a view to assessing their potential health risks and various control strategies capable of lowering pollutant concentrations. Preliminary findings suggest that further intensive studies are needed in order to develop criteria for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality without compromising energy efficiency.
The impact of hurricanes and flooding disasters on hymenopterid-inflicted injuries.

Insect bites and stings, often complicated by allergic reactions or skin infections with community-acquired pathogens, are common sources of morbidity following hurricanes and flooding disasters. The hymenopterids are the most commonly stinging arthropods to cause allergic reactions, and include bees, wasps, and ants. To assess the evolving epidemiology of hymenopterid-inflicted injuries, and the impact of hurricanes and flooding disasters on hymenopterid-inflicted injuries in the United States, an epidemiological analysis of the scientific literature on hymenopterid stings and allergic sting reactions was conducted by MEDLINE search, 1966-2006. The increasing incidence of hymenopterid-inflicted injuries following hurricanes and flooding disasters was described. Common immunological reactions to hymenopterid-inflicted injuries were stratified by clinical severity and outcome. Current recommendations for management, prevention, and prophylaxis of hymenopterid-inflicted injuries were presented. Hymenopterid stings and allergic reactions remain common indications for emergency department visits, especially following hurricanes and flooding disasters. Unrecognized anaphylactic reactions to hymenopterid stings remain significant causes of unanticipated deaths outdoors in young people. Disaster planners and managers are obliged to alert regional healthcare providers of the increased risks of hymenopterid-inflicted injuries following flooding disasters and to assure that emergency drug formularies are properly stocked to treat hymenopterid-inflicted injuries. Language: en
The Role of Science in Balancing the Needs of Protected Species: An Historical Perspective

Since the Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973, there have been approximately 514 animal species listed. Of those, at least 258 are aquatic species or aquatic dependant species. As one would expect, the ranges, distributions, and ecological needs of many of these species overlap. Also, due to changes in the physical environment, species have been significantly restricted to a fraction of their former range; some even may now reside where they historically had not. As a result, there may be significant conflict between the varying needs of different listed species now restricted to the same limited areas, often outside the preferred range of at least one of the species; these conflicts are further complicated when the areas involved are critically important for societal needs. However, science provides us with valuable tools to help manage these conflicts. This paper will hopefully illustrate the application (or lack of application) of these tools in the management of several such conflicts.
Evaluation of the occurrence and type of antiretroviral and opportunistic infection medication errors within the inpatient setting

Background: Previous data reports inpatient antiretroviral (ARV) and opportunistic infection (OI) medication errors in as many as 86% of patients, with averages ranging from 1.16-2.7 errors/patient.Objective: To determine the occurrence and type of inpatient ARV and OI medication errors at our institution.Methods: A retrospective, observational, electronic medical chart review of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted between February 15, 2011- May 22, 2012 was conducted to assess the occurrence and type of ARV and OI medication errors. Secondary outcomes included assessing each medication with an error and evaluating its potential for a medication error, calculating a medication error rate per patient, evaluating whether a non-formulary (NF) medication impacted the error potential, determining whether a clinical pharmacist on service decreased the medication error rate, and assessing whether patients who experienced an error were more likely to have a longer length of stay (LOS). Analysis included descriptive statistics, averages, and Spearmen rank correlation.Results: There were 344 patients included in this analysis, 132 (38%) experienced 190 medication errors (1.44 errors/patient). An omitted order was the most frequent ARV error and accounted for 30% (n=57) of total errors. There were 166 patients requiring OI medications, 37 patients experienced 39 medication errors. Omitting OI prophylaxis accounted for 31 errors. Only 45 of 190 (24%) errors were corrected prior to discharge. Being prescribed at least 1 NF medication was correlated with increased errors (n=193 patients “on NF medication”, p<0.025, r=0.12). Coverage of a service by a clinical pharmacist did not affect the number of errors. Patients experiencing an error had a longer LOS (p=0.02).Conclusions: Errors relating to ARV and OI medications are frequent in HIV-infected inpatients. More errors occurred in patients receiving NF medications. Suggested interventions include formulary revision, education, and training. Dedicated HIV clinicians with adequate training and credentialing may improve the management of this specialized disease state.
Status of Nb$_3$Sn accelerator magnet R&D at Fermilab

New accelerator magnet technology based on Nb3Sn superconductor is being developed at Fermilab since late 90's. Six short dipole models, seven short quadrupole models and numerous individual dipole and quadrupole coils have been built and tested, demonstrating magnet performance parameters and their reproducibility. The technology scale up program has built and tested several dipole and quadrupole coils up to 4-m long. The results of this work are summarized in the paper.
Cross-Lagged Panel Design†

The minimal cross-lagged panel design is two variables measured at two times. Multiple regression analyses, in which the time two measures are regressed on the time one measures, have become the standard method of analyzing the design. Currently, methods to rule out third-variable causation are little used. Several analysts have argued that two waves are insufficient to obtain much information about how processes unfold over time. Keywords: change; multiple regression; measurement error; third variables
Chapter 16 A greenhouse study on soil-arsenic forms and their bioaccessibility in two chemically variant Florida soils amended with sodium arsenate pesticide: Preliminary results

Abstract Long-term application of arsenical pesticides in agricultural lands has resulted in high levels of arsenic (As) in certain soils. Conversion of former agricultural lands to residential areas has increased human contact with soil–As. Soil ingestion from incidental hand-to-mouth activity by children is now a very important issue in assessing human health risk associated with exposure to arsenical pesticide-applied former agricultural soils. Human health risk from exposure to soil–As is restricted only to those fractions of As in the soil that are available to the human gastrointestinal system. This study followed up on a static incubation experiment aimed at addressing the issue of soil variability on As bioaccessibility as a function of soil chemical properties, but in a greenhouse column system accounting for dynamic interactions between soils, water, plants, and pesticides. Two chemically variant soil types were chosen based on their potential differences with respect to As reactivity. The soils were amended with sodium arsenate pesticide at two high rates. Rice ( Oryza sativa ) was used as the test crop. A sequential extraction scheme was employed to identify the geochemical forms of As in soils (soluble, exchangeable, organic, Fe/Al-bound, Ca/Mg-bound, residual) immediately after spiking and after six months of equilibration. Concentrations of these As forms were correlated with the in-vitro fractions of As to identify those As species that are most likely to be bioaccessible in the human gastrointestinal system. Results from this study verified those obtained from the static incubation experiment, and demonstrated that As bioaccessibility is a function of soil speciation of As and that soil–As forms are a function of soil chemical properties.
Outcomes of Alcohol Treatment for Adolescents

Alcohol and other drug use by youth continue to be an important focus for this nation. Both moderate and heavy alcohol consumption are associated with a higher risk of alcohol-related medical consequences and accidental injuries for youth. Despite knowledge of possible consequences, a high percentage (30%) of high school students nationwide reports episodes of hazardous drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion). Increased awareness and concern related to adolescent substance use has led to the outgrowth of additional treatment facilities and programs for this age group. This chapter examines the impact of developmental factors on the assessment process and subsequent treatment of adolescent alcohol use disorders. In addition, treatment outcome research, intervention studies, relapse, and factors that may influence the recovery process of youth are discussed.
Graduate Conversations: Assessing the Space Needs of Graduate Students

This article discusses the preferences, habits, and needs of graduate students as they relate to spaces for research and study. The findings are based on a large-scale ethnographic study of graduate students at Florida State University conducted between 2010 and 2013. Using a variety of ethnographic methods, researchers found that graduate students have diverse needs and unequal access to appropriate spaces and resources to meet those needs. Libraries can help fill the gaps left by home and academic departments by providing a range of spaces offering different noise levels, resources, and other amenities.
Contribution of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) to circulating AGE: Role of dietary fat

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether macronutrient content (low-fat v. high-fat diet) influences an indicator of advanced glycation end products (AGE), N(e) carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), in the context of a 1-d, high-AGE diet. The effect of the diets on inflammatory markers was also assessed. A total of nineteen overweight and obese adults (nine men and ten women) without known disease were recruited to participate in a crossover challenge of a high-fat, high-AGE (HFHA) and low-fat, high-AGE (LFHA) diet. In each phase patients had fasting blood drawn, followed by consumption of a high-fat or low-fat breakfast test meal, then three postprandial blood draws at 1, 2 and 3 h after consuming the test meal. After consuming high-AGE meals for the remainder of the day, participants returned the next day for a follow-up analysis. A different pattern in the 3-h post-meal CML and soluble receptor for AGE response to the two diets was observed (P=0·01 and 0·05, respectively). No change in serum CML was observed following consumption of a LFHA breakfast (535 (25th-75th percentile 451-790) to 495 (25th-75th percentile 391-682) ng/ml; P=0·36), whereas a rise in CML occurred after the HFHA breakfast (463 (25th-75th percentile 428-664) to 578 (25th-75th percentile 474-865) ng/ml; P=0·05). High sensitivity C-reactive protein and high molecular weight adiponectin were not affected by either diet. These findings suggest that dietary CML may not be as important in influencing serum CML as other dietary factors. In addition, acute exposure to dietary CML may not influence inflammation in adults without diabetes or kidney disease. This is contrary to previous findings.
Near-surface electrons and acoustic phonons: Energy and momentum relaxation

We study energy and momentum relaxation of a two-dimensional (2D) electron channel located at a finite distance $\mathcal{l}$ from a free crystal surface. The interaction with a complete set of bulklike, totally reflected, and Rayleigh acoustic phonon modes is taken into account. In most cases of interest the relaxation rates have the same temperature dependence as for 2D or bulk electrons interacting with bulk phonons. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the presence of a surface results in approximately a 10% modification of scattering rates in the high-temperature region. In the opposite limit (Bloch-Gr\"uneisen regime), the contribution of the surface phonons may dominate over that of bulklike modes. Oscillations of the relaxation rates as a function of the distance $\mathcal{l}$ between the electron channel and the surface are also predicted.
Factors influencing incidence of internal brown spot in Russet Burbank potatoes

Studies were conducted to determine factors influencing incidence of internal brown spot (IBS) in Russet Burbank potatoes. A significant decrease in the incidence of IBS occurred as planting date was delayed from March 31 to May 12. IBS increased during storage particularly at the higher storage temperature and in larger tubers. Foliar application of maleic hydrazide (MH) significantly reduced IBS from a high of 33% of tubers to less than 10%. The incidence of IBS in tubers was lower in the field as well as in storage from plants sprayed with MH. Tubers with high specific gravity had greater incidence of IBS than low gravity tubers. Results indicate that IBS is a physiological disorder influenced by factors affecting growth of tubers.
388 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OTITIS MEDIA DURING FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE

To determine the epidemiology of otitis media (OM) during the first two years of life we followed prospectively from birth 2565 children. At every visit we recorded results of pneumatic otoscopy and epidemiologic data. The incidence of OM by age was: Features associated significantly with 1st episode of OM were: sibling with recurrent OM, race (white>black), sex (male> female). Having a sibling with allergy disposed propositi to 1st episode, while breast feeding tended to protect propositi. Features associated significantly with recurrent OM (≥ 3 episodes) were those noted above. A parent with recurrent OM disposed propositi to recurrent OM. Breast feeding did not offer protection against recurrences of OM. The sole feature associated significantly with persistent effusion in the middle ear after 1st episode of OM was the practice of giving a child a bottle in bed.
Automakers' Short-Run Responses to Changing Gasoline Prices*

Abstract We provide empirical evidence that automobile manufacturers use cash incentives to offset how gasoline price fluctuations affect the expected fuel expenses of automobile buyers. Regressions based on a database of incentives over 2003 to 2006 suggest that on average, manufacturers offset 40% of the change in relative fuel costs between vehicles due to gasoline price fluctuations. The results highlight that carbon taxes and emissions trading programs likely would generate substantial substitution within vehicle classes, and studies that ignore manufacturer discounting likely underestimate consumer demand for fuel economy. The results also have implications for the optimal design of feebate programs.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Iowa

Abstract This study was based on information derived from deaths registered in Iowa during the years 1958–1971. The results of this study confirm the previously reported findings regarding A.L.S. The disease is found predominantly among persons 40 yr of age and above; there are more deaths among males; a sex ratio of 1.6:1 in favor of males, and more deaths among farmers. The life expectancy from the date of onset is about 2–4 yr. There is no geographic pattern in A.L.S. death rates. Further, the mortality data for Iowa show neither an increase in the incidence of A.L.S. nor a shift in the diagnostic custom.
Role Adaptation of Scientists in Industrial Research

An interview study was made in the central research laboratory of a large electronics company on problems in recruiting and integrating scientists into the laboratory. The recruiting procedure is described. The mutual expectations of recruit and organization are discussed. Several patterns of career development are traced, including: dedication to scientific research; initial orientation toward administration within the company; later interest in administration after a successful scientific career due to 1) financial and prestige attractions, or 2) competitive pressure in research.
[3H]Muscimol binding to a putative GABA receptor in honey bee brain and its interaction with avermectin B1a

Abstract A putative GABA receptor was identified in honey bee brain by virtue of its specific binding of [ 3 H]muscimol and its drug specificity. [ 3 H]Muscimol bound with two affinities ( K d 1 of 3 n M and K d 2 of 144 n M ), comparable to its affinities for binding to mammalian brain. The high-affinity binding was most sensitive to GABA agonists with the following decreasing order of potencies: muscimol>GABA>imidazole acetic acid> DL -GABOB>Zβ-guanidine propionic acid. However, it was insensitive to the antagonist bicuculline, which is potent on [ 3 H]muscimol binding to the mammalian GABA A receptor. It was also insensitive to baclofen, which is a potent agonist of mammalian GABA B receptor, as well as to picrotoxinin, pentobarbital, flunitrazepam, and ethyl-β-carboxylate, which bind to allosteric sites in mammalian GABA receptor. The low-affinity [ 3 H]muscimol binding was inhibited with GABA agonists with the following decreasing order of potencies: imidazole acetic acid = β-guanidine propionic acid> dl -GABOB. The two muscimol binding affinities may represent binding to two sites on the same GABA receptor or to two kinds of GABA receptor. The most potent inhibitor of the high-affinity [ 3 H]muscimol binding to honey bee brain was avermectin B 1a (AVM), whose IC 50 was 0.01 n M . AVM also inhibited the low-affinity [ 3 H]muscimol binding with an IC 50 of 2 μ M .
An Enhanced Model for Shape Memory Alloy Actuators With Complex Thermomechanical Loadings

This paper presents an enhanced phenomenological model for shape memory alloy wires. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a group of materials with unique phase transformation related characteristics. They have been applied in both active and passive ways for actuation, vibration suppression, and sensing. SMA phenomenological models are widely used for engineering applications due to their simplicity and ease of simulation. A phenomenological model normally has two parts: a constitutive model based on free energy analysis and a phase transformation kinetics model based on experimental results. The existing phenomenological models are formulated to qualitatively predict the behavior of SMA systems for simple loadings. In this study, we have shown that there are certain situations in which these models are either not correctly formulated, and therefore are not able, to predict the behavior of SMA wires or the formulation is not straightforward for engineering applications. Such cases mostly happen when the temperature and the stress of the SMA wires change simultaneously. The phenomenological models discrepancy is studied experimentally using a dead-weight that is actuated by a SMA wire. An enhanced formulation is presented along with a modeling methodology for SMA systems with complex thermomechanical loadings.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Contract Curve or Implicit Contract: Which Will a Union Choose?

While much has been written about implicit and efficient (contract curve) contracts, little has been written about which contract a union will choose. This study examines how a democratic union chooses between these contracts. Under most conditions, unions reject an efficient contract and are more likely to choose an implicit contract, but a type of contract new to the economic literature could predominate over either.
Granular Packing Influences Bulk Density of DDGS

ABSTRACT As the quantity of ethanol produced continues to increase, the amount of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the primary coproduct of ethanol manufacturing, has become more widely available. Currently, the main consumer of DDGS is the livestock industry, but new value-added uses are garnering interest. With the increase in the availability of, and demand for DDGS, transportation has become an important issue because DDGS must be shipped increasingly long distances using railways. Rail transportation is expensive, especially considering the quantities of DDGS that can be loaded onto unit trains. DDGS often has low bulk density and poor flowability characteristics. This study examined compression effects on particle arrangements as quantified by bulk density and compressibility of the DDGS. Mean loose bulk density was 446.18 kg/m3. A linear relationship (R2 = 0.982 for 50 N applied force and R2 = 0.959 for 1 kN applied force) was observed between the applied stress (≈0.0–0.0065 and ≈0.0–0...
Gas Permeation Studies of Silylated Derivatives of Poly(methylphenylphosphazene)

Several silylated derivatives of poly(methylphenylphosphazene) [Me(Ph)PN]x[RMe2SiCH2(Ph)PN]y [R = CH3, 3; (CH2)2CH3, 4; (CH2)2CF3, 5; and (CH2)2(CF2)8F, 6] were prepared via deprotonation of the me...
Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Flare of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background & Aims: Intestinal microbial flora participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Because antibiotic therapy alters intestinal microbial flora, we hypothesized that use of antibiotics might decrease the risk of flare. Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study by using the General Practice Research Database from 1989–1997. Flares of disease were identified by receipt of a new prescription for either corticosteroids or mesalamine medications after an interval of at least 4 months without prescriptions for either class of medication. The primary exposure was receipt of any antibiotics in the 60 days preceding the index date. Results: Among 1205 patients with Crohn's disease, exposure to antibiotics was associated with a reduced risk of flare (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.96; P = .019). The effect was strongest with more recent exposure (test for trend, P
Ontogenic differences in mayfly stoichiometry influence growth rates in response to phosphorus enrichment

We contrasted the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C: N: P) stoichiometry of Caenis spp. (Ephemeroptera:Caenidae) nymphs from 2 stream reaches differing in P enrichment. We also estimated growth rates of nymphs reared on algae of different P content across four development classes in a laboratory experiment. C: N ratios of field-collected nymphs exhibited variable responses across development classes between sites whereas C: P and N: P ratios showed a clear unimodal response, increasing from classes II through IV but then declining sharply in class V (nymphs nearing eclosion) at both sites. C: P was lower at the highly enriched site for all but the last development class. Growth rates increased in response to P enrichment at the earliest development class, but this growth response diminished in later development classes resulting in a significant interaction between P treatments and development classes. Trends in field data imply that later stages of development have higher P requirements than earlier classes and nutrient enrichment may affect sequestration of P by nymphs. Laboratory data suggest that early development classes are more P limited but in light of field results, nymphs may shift P allocation from somatic growth to reproductive development as organisms mature.
Allostery is an intrinsic property of the protease domain of DegS: implications for enzyme function and evolution.

DegS is a periplasmic Escherichia coli protease, which functions as a trimer to catalyze the initial rate-limiting step in a proteolytic cascade that ultimately activates transcription of stress response genes in the cytoplasm. Each DegS subunit consists of a protease domain and a PDZ domain. During protein folding stress, DegS is allosterically activated by peptides exposed in misfolded outer membrane porins, which bind to the PDZ domain and stabilize the active protease. It is not known whether allostery is conferred by the PDZ domains or is an intrinsic feature of the trimeric protease domain. Here, we demonstrate that free DegSΔPDZ equilibrates between active and inactive trimers with the latter species predominating. Substrate binding stabilizes active DegSΔPDZ in a positively cooperative fashion. Mutations can also stabilize active DegSΔPDZ and produce an enzyme that displays hyperbolic kinetics and degrades substrate with a maximal velocity within error of that for fully activated, intact DegS. Crystal structures of multiple DegSΔPDZ variants, in functional and non-functional conformations, support a two-state model in which allosteric switching is mediated by changes in specific elements of tertiary structure in the context of an invariant trimeric base. Overall, our results indicate that protein substrates must bind sufficiently tightly and specifically to the functional conformation of DegSΔPDZ to assist their own degradation. Thus, substrate binding alone may have regulated the activities of ancestral DegS trimers with subsequent fusion of the protease domain to a PDZ domain, resulting in ligand-mediated regulation.
Effects of hormone treatment and age on the stimulation of rat anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate by hypothalamic extract

Abstract Crude ovine hypothalamic extract in vitro significantly stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and LH release by pituitary gland obtained from newborn rats (0.25–0.5 days old) and increased cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in 2-day-old rats. In adult rats, the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP formation, but not LH release, induced by hypothalamic extract was inhibited by adrenalectomy. In vivo administration of pharmacologic doses of 1 mg dexamethasone asd 100 μg thyroxine for 1 day markedly reduced the effect of 0.2 mg/ml but not 1 mg/ml hypothalamic extract on cyclic AMP concentrations. The action of the latter dose of hypothalamic extract on cyclic AMP was inhibited by injection of dexamethasone and thyroxine for 3 days, while the stimulation of LH release was preserved. Such dissociation between activation of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system and LH release suggests that cyclic AMP formation may not be essential for increased release of LH. Adrenalectomy did not inhibit stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity or cyclic AMP formation caused by prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ). Hypothalamic extract or PGE 1 added to intact pituitary in vitro increased protein kinase activity and decreased the protein binding of exogenous cyclic AMP, reflecting the increased generation of endogenous cyclic AMP.
Increased peanut-specific IgA levels in saliva correlate with food challenge outcomes after peanut sublingual immunotherapy.

Capsule Summary Peanut-specific IgA in saliva correlates with DBPCFC outcomes following peanut SLIT, suggesting that peanut-specific salivary IgA may be a potential biomarker for SLIT used to treat peanut allergy.
Easy multiplicity control in equivalence testing using two one-sided tests

The use of equivalence testing in scientific research is increasing beyond its traditional role in the drug approval process. Largely due to its ease of use and recommendations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance, the most common statistical method for testing equivalence is the two one-sided tests (TOST) procedure. Like classical point-null hypothesis testing, TOST is subject to multiplicity concerns as more comparisons are made. Here we give a condition that bounds the familywise error rate (FWER) using TOST and leads to a simple solution for controlling the FWER. Specifically, we demonstrate that if all pairwise comparisons of k independent groups are being evaluated for equivalence, then simply scaling the nominal type I error rate down by (k−1) is sufficient to maintain the FWER at the desired value or less. The resulting rule is much less conservative than the equally simple Bonferroni correction. An example of equivalence testing in a non-drug development setting is given.
Gaussian Macro-Finance Term Structure Models with Lags

This paper develops a new family of Gaussian macro-dynamic term structure models (MTSMs) in which bond yields follow a low-dimensional factor structure and the historical distribution of bond yields and macroeconomic variables is characterized by a vector-autoregression with order p > 1. Most formulations of MTSMs with p > 1 are shown to imply a much higher dimensional factor structure for yields than what is called for by historical data. In contrast, our \asymmetric" arbitrage-free MTSM gives modelers the exibility to match historical lag distributions with p > 1 while maintaining a parsimonious factor representation of yields. Using our canonical family of MTSMs we revisit: (i) the impact of no-arbitrage restrictions on the joint distribution of bond yields and macro risks, comparing models with and without the restriction that macro risks are spanned by yield curve information; and (ii) the identication of the policy parameters in Taylor-style monetary policy rules within MTSMs with macro risk factors and lags.
Growth of thymine auxotrophs on selected analogs.

Abstract Thymine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis will grow in the presence of sulfur-containing analogs of thymine and thymidine as the sole thymine-like source. Both 4-thiothymine and 4-thiothymidine promote exponential growth similar to that of their parent compounds, thymine and thymidine. Although the parent compound 5-bromouracil promotes growth, its sulfur-containing analog, 4-thio-5-bromouracil, does not. Additionally, the thymine-resembling compounds, 5-ethyluracil and 4-thio-5-ethyluracil, neither promote nor inhibit bacterial growth. 4( O -methyl) thymine oxime, a thymine analog with an oxime ether in place of oxygen at C-4, is both non-conducive and non-inhibitive to bacterial growth, and hence is not used by the cell as a thymine substitute. Although 4-thiothymine and 4-thiothymidine support bacterial growth, determination of the sulfur content of bacteria grown in the presence of these analogs shows that less than 1 per cent of the DNA still contains sulfur, thereby indicating that the sulfur atom is removed after entering the cell and probably prior to incorporation into DNA.
Configurable I/O integration to reduce system-on-chip time to market: DDR, PCIe examples

Summary form only given. The cell phone industry is starting the transition from 3G to 4G networks. In this process, the number of bands that 4G radios have to accommodate is growing rapidly. As the suppliers of radio devices to the cell phone industry, the RFIC world is being challenged to provide a proliferation of new designs in a timely fashion. Without unlimited budgets, managers are being compelled to become more efficient in their product development. At the same time, as the spectrum gets more crowded emerging co-existence issues are becoming apparent which further complicate the RF front end. Lastly, our customers want increased functionality in ever smaller form factors which also raises thermal challenges. How are the successful players in this business going to successfully navigate this transition, what capabilities are required, and where are the opportunities for faster than market growth?
Water loss in desert ants: caste variation and the effect of cuticle abrasion.

Summary Water loss rates (WLRs) varied across castes (workers > alate males > alate females) for desert ants in the genera Aphaenogaster, Messor and Pogonomyrmex. Exposure to soil caused increased WLRs in workers and foundresses (mated, dealate females), apparently because of cuticular abrasion caused by nest excavation. Moreover, field-collected workers and foundresses from incipient nests (those exposed to soil) had similar WLRs, as did unabraded workers and alate females (those unexposed to soil). These data call into question previous adaptive scenarios for differences in WLRs across ant species and castes. For live alate females, WLRs increased over two stages. The first increase occurred immediately after mating, and the second occurred for foundresses collected 2 days later from incipient nests. By contrast, WLRs of HCN-killed females were unaffected by mating, but increased significantly for foundresses collected from 2-day-old nests.