cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE SERUM DIPHENYLAMINE (DPA) REACTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS

The passive Arthus arthritis in the guinea pig provides an experimental model for studying reactions comparable to those which occur in rheumatic fever. The joint swelling in the Arthus reaction is followed by tissue injury which is reflected 24 hours later by a rise in the DPA level. The height of this rise is determined by the degree of injury, which in turn is determined both by the strength of the antibody injected and also by the number of antigen depots created. The swelling reaction and the DPA rise can be suppressed by sodium salicylate, cortisone, or splenin A. The amount of drug required to block a DPA rise (DPA unit) is approximately tenfold the amount required to inhibit the joint swelling by 50 per cent (Arthus unit). Even when the Arthus arthritis has completed the swelling phase, treatment with appropriate amounts of these drugs suppress a rise in DPA. It was pointed out that the DPA rise appears to be associated with the tissue injury that follows joint swelling; that the degree of a DPA rise is determined by the severity of the inflammatory process; and that the amount of an anti-inflammatory agent required to suppress a DPA rise depends on the intensity of the reaction.
The temperature dependence of the stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated carbon dioxide in wheat and barley

The temperature dependencies of the solubility of carbon dioxide and oxygen in water and the temperature dependency of the kinetic characteristics of the ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) enzyme result in the short-term stimulation of photosynthesis with a doubling of carbon dioxide from 350 to 700 μmol mol -1 usually decreasing from about 90% at 30°C to about 25% at 10°C at high photon flux. In field-grown wheat and barley, the expected values at 30°C were observed, but also values as high as 60% at 10 C. The much larger than expected stimulation at cool temperatures in these species also occurred in plants grown at 15°C, but not at 23 C in controlled environment chambers. Gas exchange analysis indicated that an unusually high diffusive limitation was not an explanation for the large response. Assessment of the apparent in vivo specificity of Rubisco by determining the carbon dioxide concentration at which carboxylation equalled carbon dioxide release from oxygenation, indicated that growth at low temperatures altered the apparent enzyme specificity in these species compared to these species grown at the warmer temperature. Inserting the observed specificities into a biochemical model of photosynthesis indicated that altered Rubisco specificity was consistent with the observed rates of assimilation. Whether altered apparent Rubisco specificity is caused by altered stoichiometry of photorespiration or an actual change in enzyme specificity, the results indicate that the temperature dependence of the stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated carbon dioxide may vary greatly with species and with prior exposure to low temperatures.
Massive thymic deletion results in systemic autoimmunity through elimination of CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells

Incomplete deletion of KRN T cells that recognize the ubiquitously expressed self-antigen glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase (GPI) initiates an anti-GPI autoimmune cascade in K/BxN mice resulting in a humorally mediated arthritis. Transgenic (Tg) expression of a KRN T cell receptor (TCR) agonist under the major histocompatibility complex class II promoter resulted in thymic deletion with loss of anti-GPI T and B cell responses and attenuated arthritis course. However, double Tg mice succumbed to systemic autoimmunity with multiorgan inflammation and autoantibody production. Extensive thymic deletion resulted in lymphopenia and elimination of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), but spared some CD4+ T cells expressing endogenous TCR, which oligoclonally expanded in the periphery. Disease was transferred by these T cells and prevented by cotransfer of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs. Moreover, we extended our findings to another TCR system (anti–hen egg lysozyme [HEL] TCR/HEL mice) where similarly extensive thymic deletion also resulted in disease. Thus, our studies demonstrated that central tolerance can paradoxically result in systemic autoimmunity through differential susceptibility of Tregs and autoreactive T cells to thymic deletion. Therefore, too little or too much negative selection to a self-antigen can result in systemic autoimmunity and disease.
Evaluation of Objective Features for Classification of Clinical Depression in Speech by Genetic Programming

This paper presents the results of applying a Genetic Programming (GP) based feature selection algorithm to find a small set of highly discriminating features for the detection of clinical depression from a patient’s speech. While the performance of the GP-based classifiers was not as good as hoped for, several Bayesian classifiers were trained using the features found via GP and it was determined that these features do hold good discriminating power. The similarity of the feature sets found using GP for different observational groupings suggests that these features are likely to generalize well and thus provide good results with other clinical depression speech databases.
Micromachined on-chip vacuum microtriodes with nanotube field emitters

Miniaturized power-amplifying vacuum devices in an on-chip form have been constructed by combining high performance nanomaterials with MEMS micromachining technology. Carbon nanotubes, one of the most fascinating new nano-materials, were incorporated into micromachined designs as cold cathode field emitters to create MEMS triode structured power amplifiers. Microstructure of the nanotube was characterised by SEM micrograph. MEMS device applications, design parameters, and device functions were discussed.
Kinetics of α2‐macroglobulin endocytosis and degradation in mutant and wild‐type Chinese hamster ovary cells

The production of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants which are defective in endocytosis has led to a greater understanding of the process by which cells sort ligands and their receptors. Robbins and coworkers have obtained CHO mutants which are resistant to diphtheria toxin, defective in the delivery of endocytosed lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes, and have a decreased uptake of iron from transferrin (Robbins et al.: J. Cell Biol. 96:1064-1071, 1983). We have previously shown that these CHO mutants are markedly deficient in the acidification of early endocytic compartments (Yamashiro and Maxfield: J. Cell Biol. 105:2713-2721, 1987). In this study we examined the endocytosis of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) to determine whether the defects in early endosome acidification would alter the processing of this ligand. We found that the CHO mutants DTG 1-5-4 and DTF 1-5-1 bind, internalize, and degrade 125I-alpha 2M in a manner similar to the wild-type cells. We also found that the CHO mutants retain the ability to recycle the receptors for alpha 2M. Since the binding of alpha 2M is greatly reduced at mildly acidic pH (approximately 6.8), only slight acidification of the endosomal compartment should be sufficient to achieve sorting of alpha 2M from its receptor. In contrast, lysosomal enzymes require more acidic conditions (pH less than 6.0) for dissociation. The different behavior of the two ligands provides biochemical evidence for a partial (but not complete) defect in early endosome acidification in the mutants. The data also indicate that pH regulation in a relatively narrow range can achieve differential sorting of various ligands.
DIFFERENCES IN IMMEDIACY BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND NONTRADITIONAL STUDENTS

Reported differences between 83 traditional and 44 nontraditional college students on immediacy were nonsignificant.
Partial averaging near a resonance in planetary dynamics

An analytical treatment of the evolutionary dynamics of a three-body planetary system subject to dynamical friction with an interplanetary medium is presented. The analysis presented here is in connection with the results of numerical integrations of such systems recently published by Haghighipour. Using the method of partial averaging near a resonance, the dynamics of a restricted, circular, planar three-body system, with the inner body more massive, is studied and the time variation of quantities such as the orbital angular momentum and the eccentricity of the outer planet, which were previously obtained from numerical integrations, is analytically verified.
Quality Improvement Initiative for Chronic Pain Assessment and Management in the Nursing Home: A Pilot Study

Objectives To improve assessment and management of chronic pain in the nursing home through a method of continuous quality improvement. Design Quality improvement. Setting One nursing home in North Carolina as the primary site and 3 related facilities as secondary sites. Intervention Formation of a quality improvement team that reviewed current clinical practice guidelines, updated the policies and procedures, developed tools for pain assessment, and educated the staff in pain assessment and management principles. The "Plan-Do-Study-Act" (PDSA) paradigm was employed. Measurement The staff's pain-related knowledge was measured with multiple-choice tests before and after an educational program. The completeness of the documentation and satisfaction of patients and families with pain assessment and management were also measured before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, the mean number of questions correct on the staff test was highest among the registered nurses (RN) (13.7 out of 16), intermediate among the licensed practical nurses (LPN) (12.4), and lowest among the certified nursing assistants (CNA) (9.4). After the intervention the scores were 16 for the RNs, 12.9 for the LPNs, and 12.0 for the CNAs. In addition, 8 of 9 elements of a complete pain assessment showed improvement in documentation. The level of satisfaction for both the patients and families measured by interviews also increased. Conclusion Education and use of the PDSA paradigm improved staff knowledge and patient and family satisfaction with chronic pain assessment and management.
The Sequencing of a College Degree during the Transition to Adulthood Implications for Obesity

In this study we consider the health implications of the sequencing of a college degree vis-a-vis familial roles during the transition to adulthood. We hypothesize that people who earned a college degree before assuming familial roles will have better health than people who earned a college degree afterwards. To test this hypothesis, we focus on obesity and use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show that marriage before completion of college was associated with a 50% higher probability of becoming obese when compared with marriage after completion of college. Parenthood before college completion was associated with a greater than twofold increase in the probability of becoming obese when compared to parenthood afterwards for black men. These findings suggest that the well-established association of education with health depends on its place in a sequence of roles.
Effect of the μ Opioid on Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs to Periaqueductal Gray-Projecting Neurons in the Amygdala

Opioids are potent analgesics, but the sites of their action and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is important for opioid analgesia through the projection to the periaquaductal gray (PAG). In this study, we examined the effects of mu opioid receptor stimulation on inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs to PAG-projecting CeA neurons retrogradely labeled with a fluorescent tracer injected into the ventrolateral PAG of rats. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on labeled CeA neurons in brain slices. The specific mu opioid receptor agonist, [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM), significantly reduced the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) without altering the amplitude and decay constant of mIPSCs in 47.6% (10 of 21) of cells tested. DAMGO also significantly decreased the peak amplitude of evoked IPSCs in 69% (9 of 13) of cells examined. However, DAMGO did not significantly alter the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and the amplitude of evoked EPSCs in 69% (9 of 13) and 83% (10 of 12) of labeled cells, respectively. The IPSCs were blocked by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline, whereas the EPSCs were largely abolished by the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. The immunoreactivity of mu opioid receptors was colocalized with synaptophysin, a presynaptic marker, in close appositions to labeled CeA neurons. These results suggest that activation of mu opioid receptors on presynaptic terminals primarily attenuates GABAergic synaptic inputs to PAG-projecting neurons in the CeA.
The Composite OLAP-Object Data Model

In this paper, we define an OLAP-Object model that combines the main characteristics of OLAP and Object data models in order to achieve their functionalities in a common framework. We classify three different object classes: primitive, regular and composite. Then, we define a query language which uses the path concept in order to facilitate data navigation and data manipulation. The main feature of the proposed language is an anchor. It allows us to fix dynamically an object class (primitive, regular or composite) along the paths over the OLAP-Object data model for expressing queries. The queries can be formulated on objects, composite objects and combination of both. The power of the proposed query language is investigated through multiple query examples. The semantic of different clauses and syntax of the proposed language are investigated.
Methods for automated concept mapping between medical databases

The retrieval and exchange of information between medical databases is often impeded by the semantic heterogeneity of concepts contained within the databases. Manual identification of equivalent database elements consumes time and resources, and may often be the rate-limiting technological step in integrating disparate data sources. By employing semantic networks as an intermediary representation of the native databases, automated mapping algorithms can identify equivalent concepts in disparate databases. The algorithms take advantage of the conceptual "context" embodied within a semantic network to produce candidate concept mappings. The performance of automated concept mapping was evaluated by creating semantic network representations for two test laboratory databases. The mapping algorithms identified all equivalent concepts that were present in the databases, and did not leave any equivalent concepts unmapped. The utilization of conceptual context to perform automated concept mapping facilitates the identification of equivalent database concepts and may help decrease the work and costs associated with retrieval and integration of information from disparate databases.
Active Vibration Control of Rotating Machinery With a Hybrid Piezo-Hydraulic Actuator System

An integrated, compact piezo-hydraulic actuator system for active vibration was designed and developed with a primary application for gas turbine aircraft engines. Copper tube was chosen as the transmission line material for ease of assembly. Liquid plastic which meets incompressibility and low viscosity requirements was adjusted to provide optimal actuator performance. Variants of the liquid plastic have been prepared with desired properties between −40°F and 400° F. The effectiveness of this hybrid actuator for active vibration control (AVC) was demonstrated for suppressing critical speed vibration through two critical speeds for various levels of intentionally placed imbalance. A high accuracy closed loop simulation which combines both finite element and state space methods was applied for the closed loop unbalance response simulation with/without AVC. Good correlation between the simulation and test results was achieved.Copyright © 1994 by ASME
A refinement of multivariate value set bounds

Over finite fields, if the image of a polynomial map is not the entire field, then its cardinality can be bounded above by a significantly smaller value. Earlier results bound the cardinality of the value set using the degree of the polynomial, but more recent results make use of the powers of all monomials.In this paper, we explore the geometric properties of the Newton polytope and show how they allow for tighter upper bounds on the cardinality of the multivariate value set. We then explore a method which allows for even stronger upper bounds, regardless of whether one uses the multivariate degree or the Newton polytope to bound the value set. Effectively, this provides improvement of a degree matrix-based result given by Zan and Cao, making our new bound the strongest upper bound thus far.
Defeating ROP Through Denial of Stack Pivot

Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) is a popular and prevalent infiltration technique. While current solutions based on code randomization, artificial diversification and Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) have rendered ROP attacks harder to accomplish, they have been unsuccessful in completely eliminating them. Particularly, CFI-based approaches lack incremental deployability and impose high performance overhead -- two key requirements for practical application. In this paper, we present a novel compiler-level defense against ROP attacks. We observe that stack pivoting -- a key step in executing ROP attacks -- often moves the stack pointer from the stack region to a non-stack (often heap) region, thereby violating the integrity of the stack pointer. Unlike CFI-based defenses, our defense does not rely on the control-flow of the program. Instead, we assert the sanity of stack pointer at predetermined execution points in order to detect stack pivoting and thereby defeat ROP. The key advantage of our approach is that it allows for incremental deployability, an Achilles heel for CFI. That is, we can selectively protect some modules that can coexist with other unprotected modules. Other advantages include: (1) We do not depend on ASLR -- which is particularly vulnerable to information disclosure attacks, and (2) We do not make any assumptions regarding the so called "gadget". We implemented our defense in a proof-of-concept LLVM-based system called PBlocker. We evaluated PBlocker on SPEC 2006 benchmark and show an average runtime overhead of 1.04%.
Entrainment of Air in Flowing Water: A Symposium: Closed Conduit Flow

The general problem treated in this paper is the study of air entrainment by flowing water in pipes, particularly in reference to the removal of air pockets from water supply lines. The formation o...
Chemically Induced Defects in Oxynitride Glasses

The ultimate usefulness of oxynitride glasses and fibers depends upon the minimization or elimination of metallic defects that arise during processing. Despite this, the origins and chemistry of such defects in oxynitride glasses have received scant attention in the literature. The defects reduce glass transparency and cause oxynitride glass fibers to fail at relatively low stress levels. The same types of defects undoubtedly occur in the grain boundary glass phase of sintered Si3N4 with unknown effects on material properties. Examples are shown of Si-rich metallic defects in oxynitride glasses, and their effects on glass and fiber properties are discussed. Chemical reactions that produce the defects are considered, as are chemical analysis results supporting the proposed reaction mechanisms.
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes adhesive interactions of neuroepithelial cells from chick neural tube with extracellular matrix proteins in culture

Fibroblast growth factors have been increasingly assigned mitogenic and trophic roles in embryonic and postnatal development of the nervous system. Little is known, however, of their functional roles in early embryonic neural development at the neural tube stage. We have examined the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the adhesive behavior in culture of dissociated brachio-thoracic neural tube cells from 26- to 30-somite stage chick embryos. Cells plated on collagen-coated substratum at a low density attach to the substratum but show poor cell spreading. Addition of bFGF markedly promotes cell spreading, yielding an epithelial morphology. This effect becomes discernible 6–8 hours after cell plating with bFGF and is completed by 24 hours, with half-maximal and maximal effects attained at around 0.4 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. The number of cells remain largely constant up to 24 hours, and then cell survival and/or mitogenic effects of bFGF become apparent. The cell spreading effect is abolished by cycloheximide treatment, inhibited by the anti-beta 1-integrin antibody CSAT, and accompanied by about twofold increases in the expression of beta 1-integrin and vinculin, components of focal adhesion complexes. Cells cultured with bFGF for 24 hours exhibit enhanced cell attachment and cell spreading with little time lag following cell plating. In earlier embryonic stages, developmentally less mature cells depend much more on bFGF for their cell spreading and survival, while in later stages the cell spreading response to bFGF becomes undetectable as neural tube develops to spinal cord. The cell spreading effect of bFGF is realized on specific extracellular matrix proteins including laminin, fibronectin and collagen, but not on vitronectin, arg-gly-asp peptide (PepTite-2000), poly-L-ornithine or others. These results suggest that, in an early stage of neural tube development, bFGF is involved in the developmental regulation of adhesive interactions between neuroepithelial cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby controlling their proliferation, migration and differentiation.
Gravity's Rainbow: The Original Soundtrack

In his essay "Gravity's Encyclopedia," Edward Mendelson has laid down instructions and suggestions that are among the most useful in all comment on Pynchon.
Ischemia-induced spreading depolarization in the retina.

Cortical spreading depolarization is a metabolically costly phenomenon that affects the brain in both health and disease. Following severe stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or traumatic brain injury...
Differential hemodynamic effects of L-NMMA in endotoxemic and normal dogs.

We studied the differential hemodynamic effects of N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in normal and endotoxemic dogs and examined its activity across the venous, pulmonary, and systemic circulations. Survival was used to determine therapeutic efficacy. In both normal and endotoxemic animals, L-NMMA similarly increased systemic (P = 0.01) and pulmonary (P = 0.047) vascular resistance, marginally increased mean arterial pressure (P = 0.07), and decreased oxygen delivery (P = 0.01) compared with normal saline. In contrast, the effect of L-NMMA on mean pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was different in endotoxemic than in normal animals (P 6 h after endotoxin challenge. L-NMMA (1-10 mg.kg-1.h-1) did not significantly increase survival rates or times in endotoxemic animals, but the highest dose decreased survival times (P < 0.05). Thus the effect of L-NMMA was similar on the systemic arterial circulation in endotoxemic dogs compared with normal dogs but was increased in the venous and pulmonary vascular beds after endotoxin, suggesting that the induction of NO production was greater in low-resistance vessels. We were unable to show that nonselective inhibition of NO production was beneficial in endotoxemic dogs.
On the controls of daytime precipitation in the Amazonian dry season

AbstractThe Amazon plays an important role in the global energy and hydrological budgets. The precipitation during the dry season (June–September) plays a critical role in maintaining the extent of the rain forest. The deployment of the first Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF-1) in the context of the Green Ocean Amazon (GOAmazon) field campaign at Manacapuru, Brazil, provided comprehensive measurements of surface, cloud, precipitation, radiation, and thermodynamic properties for two complete dry seasons (2014 and 2015). The precipitation events occurring during the nighttime were associated with propagating storm systems (nonlocal effects), while the daytime precipitation events were primarily a result of local land–atmosphere interactions. During the two dry seasons, precipitation was recorded at the surface on 106 days (43%) from 158 rain events with 82 daytime precipitation events occurring on 64 days (60.37%). Detailed comparisons between the diurnal cycles of surface and pr...
Integration of optogenetics with complementary methodologies in systems neuroscience

Modern optogenetics can be tuned to evoke activity that corresponds to naturally occurring local or global activity in timing, magnitude or individual-cell patterning. This outcome has been facilitated not only by the development of core features of optogenetics over the past 10 years (microbial-opsin variants, opsin-targeting strategies and light-targeting devices) but also by the recent integration of optogenetics with complementary technologies, spanning electrophysiology, activity imaging and anatomical methods for structural and molecular analysis. This integrated approach now supports optogenetic identification of the native, necessary and sufficient causal underpinnings of physiology and behaviour on acute or chronic timescales and across cellular, circuit-level or brain-wide spatial scales.
Quasiparticle and hybrid density functional methods in defect studies: An application to the nitrogen vacancy in GaN

Defects in semiconductors can play a vital role in the performance of electronic devices, with native defects often dominating the electronic properties of the semiconductor. Understanding the relationship between structural defects and electronic function will be central to the design of new high-performance materials. In particular, it is necessary to quantitatively understand the energy and lifetime of electronic states associated with the defect. Here, we apply first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation to understand the nature and energy of the defect states associated with a charged nitrogen vacancy on the electronic properties of gallium nitride (GaN), as a model of a well-studied and important wide gap semiconductor grown with defects. We systematically investigate the sources of error associated with the GW approximation and the role of the underlying atomic structure on the predicted defect state energies. Additionally, analysis of the computed electronic density of states (DOS) reveals that there is one occupied defect state 0.2 eV below the valence band maximum and three unoccupied defect states at energy of 0.2--0.4 eV above the conduction band minimum, suggesting that this defect in the +1 charge state will not behave as a carrier trap. Furthermore, we compare the character and energy of the defect state obtained from GW and DFT using the HSE approximate density functional and find excellent agreement. This systematic study provides a more complete understanding of how to obtain quantitative defect energy states in bulk semiconductors.
A Super-Capacitive Pressure Sensor for a Urethral Catheter

Urinary incontinence can be due to neuromuscular or structural problems in either the bladder or the urethra. Urodynamics is often used to analyze the patientspecific cause of urinary incontinence. In urodynamics, a challenging part of the studies involves measurement of the urethral (contact) pressure profile. Here we present an instrumented urethral catheter that is equipped with a novel super-capacitive pressure transducer that is highly sensitive to the applied pressure. A solid ionic electrolyte is used to create a high capacitance device. Through an innovative design the solid electrolyte is made and bounded to a 3d printed soft balloon and then assembled on a 6 Fr urethral catheter. In this paper the design, fabrication and evaluation of the highly-sensitive instrumented catheter’s performance are discussed.
Sensory Integration and Sensory Processing… What's in a Name?.

Occupational therapists are continuously challenged to keep up with current concepts, theories, and research related to their specific area of practice. This review will highlight research related ...
Disparity in Expectations of Reward for Effort Expended Among Students, Professors, and Employers:

This study examined student, professor, and employer perceptions of how reward for effort expended and meeting task performance criteria should be factored into college grades and employment compen...
Process Systems Engineering and the Human-in-The-Loop: The Smart Control Room

For decades, studies have been conducted to understand and improve how humans and machines interact; yet, the process systems engineering field often focuses on algorithms that do not explicitly account for human actions in the decision-making process. The article presents a broad view of Human-in-The-Loop (HiTL) technology: how HiTL is viewed by different disciplines, the role of cognitive science in understanding fundamental aspects of human factors and human-machine interaction, which are questions that remain open-ended, and how manufacturing should include a more technologically updated and ethical use of human factors to realize the true potential of Industry 4.0. A Smart Control Room framework is presented with preliminary results and future directions to explicitly consider the HiTL in process operations.
Trump’s Latinx Repatriation

Two historical episodes have indelibly influenced the development of Latinx identity and sense of belonging in the United States. During the Great Depression, state and local governments, with the support of the U.S. government, repatriated approximately one million persons of Mexican ancestry, including many U.S. citizen children as well as immigrant parents, to Mexico. Similarly, in 1954, the U.S. government launched Operation Wetback, a military-style campaign led by a retired general that removed another one million persons of Mexican ancestry, including many U.S. citizen children, from the Southwest. History rightly condemns these episodes of anti-Mexican intolerance, which amount to an ethnic cleansing. Nonetheless, we may be seeing history repeat itself with even greater harm inflicted on larger numbers of Latinx peoples. Through breathtaking and unprecedented changes to immigration enforcement, President Donald J. Trump has boldly moved to reduce immigration to, and the number of immigrants in, the United States. This Article contends that, as part and parcel of his fervent anti-immigrant agenda, President Trump is engaging in a concerted effort to remove Latinx people, especially Mexicans and Central Americans, from the country. Just as the previous Mexican removal campaigns did, the new Latinx repatriation accomplishes mass removals and encourages Latinx noncitizens, along with U.S. citizen children, to leave the country and self-deport, or, alternatively, to never come to the United States in the first place. But the new Latinx repatriation differs in important respects from the old removal campaigns. First, the new system is facially-neutral and colorblind, not expressly targeting Latinx people. That is the case even though President Trump’s words frequently—and mercilessly—attack Latinx immigrants. Second, through President Trump’s policy efforts, the new repatriation has become institutionalized into the ordinary operation of immigration enforcement, which differs from the ad hoc and episodic nature of the Mexican repatriation and Operation Wetback. With the targeting of Latinx immigrants embedded in the institutional structure of immigration enforcement, one can expect many more Latinx noncitizens to be removed than in previous Mexican removal campaigns. Ultimately, meaningful change to the racial discrimination embedded in immigration law and its enforcement only can be addressed through political action and congressional reform of the immigration laws. To do so, we must acknowledge and address head-on the racial impacts of the operation of the immigration laws and their enforcement. Put differently, an awareness of the racialized nature of the problem is a precursor to bringing racial justice to immigration.
Stress granule subtypes: an emerging link to neurodegeneration

Stress Granules (SGs) are membraneless cytoplasmic RNA granules, which contain translationally stalled mRNAs, associated translation initiation factors and multiple RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). They are formed in response to various stresses and contribute to reprogramming of cellular metabolism to aid cell survival. Because of their cytoprotective nature, association with translation regulation and cell signaling, SGs are an essential component of the integrated stress response pathway, a complex adaptive program central to stress management. Recent advances in SG biology unambiguously demonstrate that SGs are heterogeneous in their RNA and protein content leading to the idea that various SG subtypes exist. These SG variants are formed in cell type- and stress-specific manners and differ in their composition, dynamics of assembly and disassembly, and contribution to cell viability. As aberrant SG dynamics contribute to the formation of pathological persistent SGs that are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, the biology of different SG subtypes may be directly implicated in neurodegeneration. Here, we will discuss mechanisms of SG formation, their subtypes, and potential contribution to health and disease.
Knowledge Transfer Between Different UAVs for Trajectory Tracking

Robots are usually programmed for particular tasks with a considerable amount of hand-crafted tuning work. Whenever a new robot with different dynamics is presented, the well-designed control algorithms for the robot usually have to be re-tuned to guarantee good performance. It remains challenging to directly program a robot to automatically learn from the experiences gathered by other dynamically different robots. With such a motivation, this letter proposes a learning algorithm that enables a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to automatically improve its tracking performance by learning from the tracking errors made by other UAVs with different dynamics. This learning algorithm utilizes the relationship between the dynamics of different UAVs, named the target and training UAVs, respectively. The learning signal is generated by the learning algorithm and then added to the feedforward loop of the target UAV, which does not affect the closed-loop stability. The learning convergence can be guaranteed by the design of a learning filter. With the proposed learning algorithm, the target UAV can improve its tracking performance by learning from the training UAV without baseline controller modifications. Both numerical studies and experimental tests are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed learning algorithm.
Intestinal infection results in impaired lung innate immunity to secondary respiratory infection

Abstract Pneumonia and diarrhea are among the leading causes of death worldwide, and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diarrhea is associated with an increased risk of subsequent pneumonia. Our aim was to determine the impact of intestinal infection on innate immune responses in the lung. Using a mouse model of intestinal infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), we investigated how infection in the gut compartment can modulate immunity in the lungs and impact susceptibility to bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae) challenge. We found alterations in frequencies of innate immune cells in lungs of intestinally-infected mice compared to uninfected mice. On subsequent challenge with K. pneumoniae we found that mice with prior intestinal infection have higher lung bacterial burden and inflammation, increased neutrophil margination, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), but lower overall numbers of neutrophils, compared to mice without prior intestinal infection. Together, these results suggest that intestinal infection impacts lung innate immune responses, most notably neutrophil characteristics, potentially resulting in increased susceptibility to secondary pneumonia. Author summary Infections of the lung and gut are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Human studies have shown that children with diarrhea are at higher risk of subsequent lung infection. How intestinal infections impact lung immunity is not well known. In the present study, we reveal that bacterial infection of the intestinal mucosa may compromise lung immunity, offering new insights into increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. We found that upon respiratory infection, mice with prior intestinal infection are more moribund and despite having higher bacterial burden, they show reduced numbers of neutrophils in the lung compared to mice without prior intestinal infection. We also found excessive neutrophil extracellular traps formation in the lungs of mice with prior intestinal infection, providing evidence of increased pulmonary tissue damage. Collectively, these data identify a direct link between pulmonary and enteric infection and suggests gut infections impair neutrophils responses in the lungs.
A New Scheme for Monitoring and Diagnosis of Multistage Manufacturing Processes Using Product Quality Measurements

The development of robust monitoring systems for assuring the consistency and stability of multistage manufacturing processes necessitates the use of add-on sensors and advanced data collection, storage, and analysis platforms to deal with the high-dimensional data collected from machines and products in multiple stages. In many cases, such an approach may not be feasible due to high implementation costs and the challenges of obtaining the process parameters and analyzing them effectively. This paper proposes an alternative approach for health monitoring and diagnosis of multistage manufacturing processes based on product quality measurements in a sensor-less environment. In the presented work, the available data consists of product quality parameters measured from multiple product types along with the manufacturing route associated with each product. A Gamma distribution is fit to the data for each parameter within a moving time window. Using the distribution fits, a metric is developed to represent the performance of each machine in a stage compared to its peers producing the same product. This metric is then aggregated across all the products produced by the machine to generate the final metric reflecting the overall performance of the machine. This performance metric is first calculated for the machines in the last stage. After flagging the underperforming machines in the last stage, the samples from those machines are removed from the data set and the remaining samples are used to calculate the similar metric for the prior stage. The suggested approach assumes the random distribution of products from one stage to the next to facilitate the implementation of a comparison-based approach. This approach is tested on a data set collected from a manufacturing plant. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of such approach for monitoring and diagnosis of multistage manufacturing processes when the data is not available from within the process.
Same-day discharge following the Nuss repair: A comparison.

Purpose Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation (INC) has significantly improved pain control following the Nuss repair of pectus excavatum (PE). This study sought to evaluate patients undergoing the Nuss repair with INC compared to the Nuss repair with an ERAS protocol, INC, and intercostal nerve blocks (INB). Methods In June 2020, a new protocol was implemented involving surgery, anesthesia, nursing, physical therapy, and child life with the goal of safe same day discharge for patients undergoing the Nuss repair. They were compared to a control group who underwent the Nuss repair with INC alone in 2017-2019. The primary outcome measure was hospital length of stay (LOS) in hours, secondary outcomes were number of patients discharged on postoperative day (POD) 0, and returns to the emergency department (ED), urgent care (UC), and operating room (OR). Results The characteristics between the groups were the same (Table 1). The mean LOS was 11.8 h in the INB group versus 58.2 h in the INC group, p Conclusions The majority of patients undergoing the Nuss repair of PE with a multidisciplinary regimen of pre and postoperative nursing education, precise intraoperative anesthesia care, performance of direct vision INB and INC, as well as careful surgery can go home on the day of surgery without adverse outcomes or unanticipated returns to the hospital. Level-of-evidence Level II.
Gorenstein Subschemes of Projective Space

There is a huge literature on arithmetically Gorenstein ideals, and it is well beyond the scope of this book to give a thorough treatment of the subject. The purpose of this chapter is to collect the definitions, facts and results that we will need in the coming chapters when we talk about liaison theory for subschemes of projective space, in the generality of “linking” by arithmetically Gorenstein ideals rather than only by complete intersections.
Growth and Carcass Traits of Heifers as Affected by Hormonal Treatment

Seventy-seven heifers weighing about 200 kg were assigned randomly to intact control (C), ovariectomized (OVX) immunized against estradiol (BSA-E), BSA-E + trenbolone acetate (BSA-E + TBA), TBA or ovx + TBA groups. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of ovariectomy, immunoneutralization of estradiol and trenbolone acetate treatment on growth rate and carcass merit. Heifers were fed a corn-corn silage diet and were slaughtered when treatment groups attained live-animal weights of 433 kg. Observations of rate of growth, efficiency of feed conversion, characteristics of carcasses and characteristics of organoleptic properties of the cooked meat were made. Average daily gains (ADG) were similar in the control and OVX groups and tended to be less than in other treatment groups (P less than .36). Although not statistically significant, the observed mean for the BSA-E + TBA treatment suggests improved ADG and TDN per unit of gain, indicating a possible immunization X TBA interaction. Data also suggested that heifers implanted with TBA had increased ADG and efficiencies of gain. Possibly, immunoneutralization of endogenous estradiol can improve ADG as compared with control and OVX groups. Treatments had no effect on color or texture of lean muscle at the 12th rib interface. The OVX + TBA group had less (P less than .01) 12th rib fat cover than other groups and lower percent fat in the rib than C. The BSA-E + TBA and TBA groups also possessed larger (P less than .02) longissimus muscle areas than the control group. Observations of juiciness, tenderness and flavor were similar among all treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chloroplasts and algae as symbionts in molluscs.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes chloroplasts and algae as symbionts in molluscs. It discusses recent experimental work on symbiotic chloroplasts and examines the potentialities for future investigations. The symbionts are of three types: Zoochlorellae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorococcales); Zooxanthellae (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales); and free chloroplasts (derived from several plant orders). The chapter deals only with chloroplasts and Zooxanthellae as they represent instances of a close and sustained association, and one in which the symbiont is virtually always intracellular. The chapter also describes the symbiosis of mollusks and Zooxanthellae . A comparison of the morphology of symbiotic plastids with the morphology of plastids from algae upon which the host is thought to feed suggests that some host species, in particular the eqlysioids , harbor morphologically normal and intact plastids, while other hosts possess morphologically atypical plastids. Physiological and biochemical evidence supports this interpretation.
Internship in obstetrics-gynecology.

Abstract The independent rotating internship of the past is rapidly disappearing. Mixed and straight programs are increasing and are being incorporated into the residency as a part of graduate medical education. The record of internships in obstetrics-gynecology is quantitatively and qualitatively second rate as compared with the other major disciplines. There is urgent need for a total re-evaluation of our current position as well as our objectives for the future. If internships, either primary or secondary, are to continue existing, programs must be renewed and experimentation must begin. Renewal requires establishment of goals. The internship in obstetrics-gynecology should provide at least four well-defined primary goals: (1) a broad educational opportunity; (2) a test of career interests; (3) identification as a clinical participant; and (4) recruitment. Other objectives will vary from program to program. Experimentation in university departments should begin. Various types of experimental programs must be encouraged, assisted and recognized by medical schools, hospitals, as well as accrediting and certifying agencies.
Independent URA Monitor for GPS IIIC

Each GPS IIIC space vehicle (SV) will broadcast a user range accuracy (URA) that bounds the errors in that SV's signal-in-space (SIS). An independent URA monitor (IUM) is examined as part of the next generation GPS Control Segment (OCX) to ensure URA bounding of errors in the SV ephemeris and clock corrections. Since the IUM operates on single snapshot data to maintain timely integrity, the minimum monitorable URAs (MMUs) are larger than if based on continuous tracking data and an orbital model. Operational feasibility of the IUM is assessed for the Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (LPV) aircraft approach down to a 200 ft decision altitude (LPV200). Although the MMUs are larger than the URAs previously envisioned for GPS IIIC, availability for LPV200 would be sufficiently high at U.S. locations, including Alaska and Hawaii, but would be less than 0.99 at some non-U.S. locations analyzed, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. Copyright © 2012 Institute of Navigation.
Body Plethysmography is Not Helpful for COPD Diagnosis, Determination of Severity, Phenotyping, nor Response to Therapy

Almost every hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory (PFT lab) uses a body plethysmograph (body box) to measure static lung volumes (total lung capacity [TLC], functional residual capacity [FR...
Reification and synergy in clinical ethics and its adequacy to the managed practice of medicine.

Les methodes et les themes de l'ethique clinique sont etudies en analysant les questions de reification des nouvelles methodes utilisees ainsi que leur adaptation aux nouvelles pratiques medicales
Fast inward and outward current channels in a non-spiking neurone.

Although the crustacean coxal receptors1 are non-spiking2,3, indirect pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence suggests that fast sodium channels may be present in their membrane4–6. The properties of these channels are not known, but it has been suggested that they might be “incompletely differentiated”, perhaps lacking “appropriate gating mechanisms”5, and/or “too sparsely distributed”7. The former hypothesis is not supported by the results of voltage-clamping experiments done on dendritic segments isolated from these mechanoreceptors. Instead, the results reported here provide direct evidence for a voltage-dependent fast inward current, sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX) and requiring external sodium (but not calcium). This current is shunted by a transient fast outward current, also voltage dependent, and it is suggested that this shunting may account, at least in part, for the non-spiking behaviour of the coxal receptors.