cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Marine Rope Fatigue Behavior

Fatigue data for nylon and polyester marine ropes from several testing programs in Europe and the U.S. are compared and analyzed. Failures at loads above 30-40% of the new breaking strength for nylon or 60-70% for polyester can be predicted by a model based on the creep-rupture behavior of individual fibers and yams. Failures at lower loads and higher cycles usually occur by external or internal abrasion, following a steeper S-N curve trend; an abrasion model is presented that correlates well with these data. Polyester outperforms nylon under wet conditions in both regimes of be havior for a wide range ofrope samples. Additional topics discussed are thermal failures from hysteretic heating in dry ropes, and changes during cycling in rope load-extension, hysteresis, and residual properties.
Elastic-Viscoplastic Analyses of Simple Stretch Forming Problems

Plane strain and axisymmetric punch stretching problems incorporating Coulomb friction are considered. Based on a general rate-sensitive flow theory and the nonlinear theory of membrane shells, the formulation includes work hardening and normal anisotropy. Two numerical schemes are presented. One is an extension of a previously developed finite element method (restricted to axisymmetric or plane strain problems) while the other is a nonlinear iterative method (restricted to plane strain). Experimental data on aluminum-killed steel are used to devise an explicit form for the rate dependence, and these schemes are applied to plane strain punch stretching (by a flat bottomed punch) and to hemispherical punch stretching. It is shown that a theoretical instability associated with the elastic-plastic analysis in plane strain stretching is removed by inclusion of the strain rate effect, while a better fit to experimental data on strain distribution in hemispherical punch stretching is obtained.
Measuring adversaries

Many concepts and techniques developed for general Internet measurement have counterparts in the domain of detecting and analyzing network attacks. The task is greatly complicated, however, by the fact that the object of study is adversarial: attackers do not wish to be "measured" and will take steps to thwart observation. We look at the far-ranging consequences of this different measurement environment: the analysis difficulties-some fundamental-that arise due to subtle ambiguities in the true semantics of observed traffic; new notions of "active measurement"; the highly challenging task of rapidly characterizing Internet-scale pheonmena such as global worm pandemics; the need for detailed application-level analysis and related policy and legal difficulties; attacks that target passive analysis tools; and the inherent "arms race" nature of the undertaking.
Is a haptic simulation interface more effective than computer mouse-based interface for neonatal intubation skills training?

Objective To compare the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D) haptic interface to a two-dimensional (2D) mouse interface for a screen-based simulation (SBS) neonatal intubation (NI) training intervention. Primary hypothesis: a haptic interface is more effective than a mouse interface for SBS training intervention for NI. Secondary hypothesis: SBS training, regardless of interface, will result in improved NI performance on a neonatal airway simulator. Methods 45 participants were randomised to either a haptics or a mouse interface to complete an identical SBS training intervention for NI over a five-month period. Participants completed pre- and post-training surveys to assess demographics, experience, knowledge and attitudes. The primary outcome of participants’ NI skills performance was assessed on a neonatal manikin simulator. Skills were measured pre- and post- training by number of attempts and time to successfully intubate, and airway visualization. Results The demographics, training and experience were similar between groups. There was no difference in the improvement in skills, knowledge, attitudes or satisfaction ratings pre- and post-training between the groups. There was a significant decrease in number of attempts to intubate a neonatal airway simulator (2.89 vs 1.96, p Conclusion Using a haptic interface did not have an advantage over a mouse interface in improving NI skills, knowledge, attitudes, or satisfaction. Overall, a SBS training intervention for NI improved skills measured on a neonatal airway simulator.
Magnetic properties of the 3 d transition metals in the amorphous ternary alloys: Gd 0.2 ( Fe x Co 1 − x ) 0.8 , Gd 0.2 ( Co x Ni 1 − x ) 0.8 , and Gd 0.2 ( Fe x Ni 1 − x ) 0.8

A systematic study was made of the magnetic properties of the amorphous alloys: ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{0.2}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})}_{0.8}$, ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{0.2}{({\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})}_{0.8}$, and ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{0.2}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})}_{0.8}$. Results indicate that GdCo, GdNi, and GdCoNi alloys are collinear ferrimagnets involving electron transfer from Gd to the $3d$ elements. However, GdFe, GdFeNi, and GdFeCo alloys containing less than 30% Co are sperimagnetic due to antiferromagnetic interactions in the Fe subnetwork. Mean-field exchange energies are calculated and used to explain the results. A Slater-Pauling-type curve is constructed, and the dependence of properties on the average number of transition-metal $3d$ electrons is discussed.
Blockers of platelet-derived growth factor-activated nonselective cation channel inhibit cell proliferation

In serum-deprived G(o)-arrested cells, the addition of serum or growth factors initiates a cascade of events that culminates in DNA synthesis and mitosis. Recently, we showed that in mouse L-M(TK-) fibroblasts a 28-pS nonselective cation channel (NS channel) becomes quiescent at G(o) arrest and rapidly active within seconds of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or serum addition, placing this response very early in the postreceptor signaling cascade. However, lack of specific channel blockers hindered determination of whether channel activation was necessary for mitogenesis. Derivatives of N-phenylanthranilic acid (DCA) have been reported to block a pancreatic nonselective channel. Therefore, using single-channel analysis, we examined the effect of these agents on the L-M(TK-) NS channel. Flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid rapidly produced reversible channel block with an inhibitory constant (Ki) approximately 10 microM. Furthermore, the component of the macroscopic K+ efflux shown to be mediated by the NS channel was blocked with a similar Ki value. DCA effects on cell proliferation were tested by measuring cloning efficiency and growth rate. Both were inhibited over the range of concentration that affected channel activity, and a 50% inhibitory dose of 50-100 microM was determined. This observation further substantiates the hypothesis that NS channel activation forms a necessary component in the transduction of the mitogenic signal from the PDGF receptor.
Substrate-Induced Carbon Monoxide Reactivity Suggests Multiple Enzyme Conformations at the Catalytic Copper M-Center of Peptidylglycine Monooxygenase.

The present study uses CO as a surrogate for oxygen to probe how substrate binding triggers oxygen activation in peptidylglycine monooygenase (PHM). Infrared stretching frequencies (ν(C ≡ O)) of the carbonyl (CO) adducts of copper proteins are sensitive markers of Cu(I) coordination and are useful in probing oxygen reactivity because the electronic properties of O2 and CO are similar. The carbonyl chemistry has been explored using PHM WT and a number of active site variants in the absence and presence of peptidyl substrates. We have determined that upon carbonylation (i) a major CO band at 2092 cm–1 and a second minor CO band at 2063 cm–1 are observed in the absence of peptide substrate Ac-YVG; (ii) the presence of peptide substrate amplifies the minor CO band and causes it to partially interconvert with the CO band at 2092 cm–1; (iii) the substrate-induced CO band is associated with a second conformer at CuM; and (iv) the CuH-site mutants, which are inactive, fail to generate any substrate-induced CO ban...
Chudnovsky's conjecture for very general points in PkN

Abstract We prove a long-standing conjecture of Chudnovsky for very general and generic points in P k N , where k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and for any finite set of points lying on a quadric, without any assumptions on k. We also prove that for any homogeneous ideal I in the homogeneous coordinate ring R = k [ x 0 , … , x N ] , Chudnovsky's conjecture holds for large enough symbolic powers of I.
Monitoring Classification Blindspots to Detect Drifts from Unlabeled Data

Machine learning models deployed in real world applications, operate in a dynamic environment where the datadistribution can change constantly. These changes, calledconcept drifts, cause the performance of the learned modelto degrade over time. As such it is essential to detect andadapt to changes in the data, for the model to be of any realuse. While, model adaptation requires labeled data (for retraining), the detection process does not have to. Labelingdata is time consuming and expensive, and if data changesare infrequent, most of the labeling effort, spent on verification, is wasted. In this paper, an ensemble based detectionmethod is proposed, which tracks the number of samples inthe critical disagreement regions of the ensemble, to detectconcept drift from unlabeled data. The proposed algorithm, is-distribution and model independent, unsupervised andcan be used in an online incremental fashion. Experimentalanalysis on 4 real world concept drift datasets showsthat the proposed methodology gives high prediction performance, low false alarm rate and uses only 11.3% overalllabeling, on average.
p-Adic Free Stochastic Integrals for p-Adic Weighted-Semicircular Motions Determined by Primes p

In this paper, we study weighted-semicircular elements induced by p-adic number elds Qp. We consider free stochastic processes induced by our weighted-semicircular elements, and study corresponding free stochastic integrals.
Towards continuous and passive authentication across mobile devices: an empirical study

Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have become prevalent given their ample functionality brought by a variety of applications. Unfortunately, these devices face security and privacy threats due to unauthorized access. Ordinary protection mechanisms such as passcode and fingerprint verification are widely employed to mitigate the threats. To achieve strong security without sacrificing usability, extensive research efforts have been devoted to continuous authentication through passive sensing and behavior modeling. Nowadays, more and more users own multiple devices. This trend presents opportunities for further optimization of authentication across devices. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on how a behavioral model created on one device can be transferred to other devices to bootstrap continuous authentication. To pursue this goal, we collect 160 sets of usage data on multiple mobile devices and perform a proof-of-concept experiment. The results demonstrate that we can leverage the similarity between user behaviors on different devices to enable cross-device authentication and anomaly detection.
Voltage-Based Stabilization of Microporous Carbon Electrodes for Inverted Capacitive Deionization

Inverted capacitive deionization (i-CDI) is examined using microporous Spectracarb carbon electrodes in 10 mmol L–1 NaCl solution without deaeration. i-CDI testing shows that using conventional operational methods, i.e., Vch = 0.8 V and Vdis = 0 V (0.8/0 V), cannot stabilize salt separation after approximately 409 h with an averaged salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 6.0 ± 0.8 mg g–1. The cycled anode possesses a collapsed cyclic voltammogram due to an increase in the sheet resistance by the formation of a surface oxide layer. This layer eventually suppresses electronic charge utilization in the i-CDI cell causing degraded salt separation. By analysis of potential distributions incorporated with the modified Donnan model, an improved i-CDI operational method is proposed by reducing Vch to 0.4 V and Vdis to −0.4 V (0.4/–0.4 V) while maintaining a voltage window (Vch–Vdis) of 0.8 V. The improved i-CDI testing demonstrates that not only is the separation process stabilized up to approximately 420 h but the SA...
The PhoP/Q two-component regulatory system is essential for Xylella fastidiosa survival in Vitis vinifera grapevines

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative, xylem-limited plant pathogenic bacterium that causes disease in a variety of economically important agricultural crops including Pierce's disease of grapevines. Quorum sensing is essential for X. fastidiosa to mediate pathogenicity in Vitis vinifera grapevines and subsequent transmission to other grapevines. Quorum sensing processes are regulated, to varying extent, by two-component regulatory systems. Here, we investigate the role of the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system, which is known to be involved in pathogenicity and survival of gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants, humans and animals. Using insertional mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system is essential for X. fastidiosa survival in V. vinifera grapevines. Furthermore, we show PhoP/PhoQ is involved in regulation of density-dependent processes in vitro such as cell–cell aggregation and biofilm formation. We attempted to complement phoP and phoQ using the Pax1CM vector but were unsuccessful in generating a phoQ complement. The phoP complement we generated did not completely restore the wild-type phenotype although it did restore wild-type levels of phoP expression when the complement was grown on PD3 media. Our findings presented here demonstrate PhoP/PhoQ is responsible for regulating processes essential for X. fastidiosa survival in V. vinifera grapevines.
Breath-to-breath control of ventilation in normal infants during sleep.

A variety of clinical problems including apnea of prematurity and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) may be related to abnormalities in the maturation of the cardiopulmonary control mechanisms. However, even in the normal infant, there is little information concerning maturation of patterns of breathing. In addition, long-term measurements have seldom if ever been made under wholly non-invasive conditions. In this context non-invasive implies the absence of extraneous sensory stimuli especially to the face that may alter the breathing pattern1. Based on a new theoretical analysis of the barometric method of measuring tidal volume, we have developed a chamber that allows us to examine breathing in infants for several hours at a time while avoiding the use of neck seals and face masks.
Cloud-Base Defense Against DRDoS Attacks

In this paper, we present our new approach for protecting production servers from distributed reflector denial of service attacks, while the volume of their attacking traffic has been exponentially increasing. We apply a cloud to effectively sieving out the reflectors of the attacking traffic. We assessed the convergence delay for sieving using simulations. Our simulation results indicated that the proposed protection method promising, showing the approach is scalable in both attacking traffic volume and attacker ratio.
Analyzing pre-post designs using the analysis of covariance models with and without the interaction term in a heterogeneous study population.

Pre-post parallel group randomized designs have been frequently used to compare the effectiveness of competing treatment strategies and the ordinary least squares (OLS)-based analysis of covariance...
First-Principles Study of the Electronic, Vibrational Properties and Anharmonic Effects of Some Si-Based Type-II Binary Clathrates.

Electronic, vibrational, and anharmonic studies on some binary clathrate AxSi136 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; 0 < x ≤ 24) are theoretically presented. The Fermi energy lies in the range of 1.1 eV to 1.4 eV for NaxSi136 and increases as stoichiometry (x) is tuned from 8 to 12 to 16. The determined isotropic “Mexican-hat” shape of the guest-host potential describing Na motion in the Si28 cage indicates the “off-center” position when the temperature is elevated beyond zero. Accordingly, the calculated Na “off-center” displacements correlate well with the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data (0.4 A–0.5 A) for a similar composition range (0 < x < 24). The lack of first-principles analysis on quartic anharmonicity motivates us to initiate a self-consistent model to examine the temperature-dependent rattling frequency Ω(T) of the guest (Na, Rb). The predicted values of Ω(T) for Na24Si136 at 300 K are significantly higher (approximately six times larger) than the value at absolute zero, which contrasts with the case of Rb8Si136. Moreover, underestimation of the isotropic atomic displacement parameter Uiso is caused by the temperature-dependent quartic anharmonicity of Na, and this discrepancy might be offset by the square of the “off-center” displacement.
Unexpected spatial population ecology of a widespread terrestrial salamander near its southern range edge.

Under the current amphibian biodiversity crisis, common species provide an opportunity to measure population dynamics across a wide range of environmental conditions while examining the processes t...
The Pediatric Eye Examination

The physician must take a unique approach to the pediatric eye examination, as children are not simply small adults and vision issues they face vary with age. The adept examiner utilizes a distinct skillset to evaluate children and understands the importance of tailoring the examination to each age group and each individual child. With proper tools, the pediatric examination can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience that provides information that may be critical in ensuring the development of normal, binocular vision.
Identification of new components of the RipC-FtsEX cell separation pathway of Corynebacterineae.

Several important human pathogens are represented in the Corynebacterineae suborder, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. These bacteria are surrounded by a multilayered cell envelope composed of a cytoplasmic membrane, a peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall, a second polysaccharide layer called the arabinogalactan (AG), and finally an outer membrane-like layer made of mycolic acids. Several anti-tuberculosis drugs target the biogenesis of this complex envelope, but their efficacy is declining due to resistance. New therapies are therefore needed to treat diseases caused by these organisms, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of envelope assembly should aid in their discovery. To this end, we generated the first high-density library of transposon insertion mutants in the model organism C. glutamicum. Transposon-sequencing was then used to define its essential gene set and identify loci that, when inactivated, confer hypersensitivity to ethambutol (EMB), a drug that targets AG biogenesis. Among the EMBs loci were genes encoding RipC and the FtsEX complex, a PG cleaving enzyme required for proper cell division and its predicted regulator, respectively. Inactivation of the conserved steAB genes (cgp_1603–1604) was also found to confer EMB hypersensitivity and cell division defects. A combination of quantitative microscopy, mutational analysis, and interaction studies indicate that SteA and SteB form a complex that localizes to the cytokinetic ring to promote cell separation by RipC-FtsEX and may coordinate its PG remodeling activity with the biogenesis of other envelope layers during cell division.
'Other Transactions' Are Government Contracts, And Why It Matters

Some believe that agencies endowed with Other Transactions Authority (“OTA”) are free from the traditional rules of procurement contracting when forming Other Transactions. With the freedom of OTA, the theory goes, agencies can contract with the most innovative commercial firms, which might otherwise decline the boilerplate terms and compliance burdens associated with procurement contracting. This article is a reminder that the authority to create an Other Transaction is, at bottom, the authority to create a government contract. It first explains why Other Transactions qualify as contracts, and then begins exploring the implications of the contractual nature of Other Transactions. Any private party entering into an Other Transaction should be aware of the significance of contracting with the United States. OTA might clear away many burdensome procurement statutes and regulations, but principles of sovereign immunity and separation of powers, along with the pervasive precedents of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, will continue to ensure that doing business with the federal government, even by “Other Transaction,” is never quite the same as doing business in the commercial market.
Chapter 9 – Family/Community Issues in Policing

Publisher Summary Family/community issues in policing refer to the way psychological sciences are or can be used to understand the manner in which police officers address domestic dilemmas in their own lives or in the lives of citizen suspects. The police officer responding to a domestic violence call must, in some way, play the role of a psychologist. Upon arriving at the scene of a domestic dispute, the officer must discriminate between conflicting stories, examine the psychological status of the victim, evaluate the potential dangerousness of the alleged offender, and provide support and comfort to the victim. Police officers may face civil liability for inappropriate responses if they are apathetic, respond untimely to 911 calls, failure to enforce a state statute, or if they are motivated by animus against women. The establishment of more informed and rigorous training programs for police officers is the most important step, when controlling or mediating domestic dispute situations. These initiatives should include mental health expertise conducted by police psychologists to aid officers in more effectively interfacing with victims of domestic violence. Legal and social resource availability, such as: (1) domestic violence shelters, (2) medical care, (3) counseling, and (4) escorted transportation and assistance in the removal of items from the victim's residence, are all powerful strategies that help ensure police immunity from civil liability, as well as provide much needed comfort force to victims of partner abuse.
15 – Upper ontologies

The process of defining an ontology is typically an effort to document what is known in a particular domain, what things it contains, their properties, and their relationships to one another. But there are fundamental types of knowledge that are not the purview of any particular knowledge domain. Everyone from a biologist to a sociologist to a librarian may be interested in referencing a geographic location. Physical objects have dimensions, structure, and displace space. A chemical reaction, a rocket launch, a genetic mutation, and an opera all have a starting point in time. This chapter introduces some ontologies that have broad applications. These include the Organization ontology for describing organization, the Event ontology which is concerned with temporal information, the Provenance ontology which is used to ascribe attribution related to the creation of an intellectual product, two location ontologies, an ontology for defining thesauri, and a pair of ontologies that can be used to describe some aspects of various kinds of scientific data sets.
Why Do Physicians Choose Pain as a Specialty

Objective Numerous forces shape the practice of pain management: scientific advances, technical advances, societal expectations, public health crises, reimbursement factors, and the parameters of who gets trained and what motivates the trainees. In this observational study, we sought to determine expressed motivations for entering the subspecialty of pain management, and in particular whether applicants were more interested in procedural skills (our hypothesis) or rehabilitative and cognitive practices. Methods We analyzed the personal statements of 142 applicants to the University of Minnesota's pain medicine fellowship program. In addition to those themes, the personal statements were scrutinized for other themes such as interest in teaching and research. Comprehensive vs interventional/procedural interests were coded by a group of four research assistants who were trained using practice essays until they achieved high interrater reliability (alpha > 0.8). Two of the researchers coded for additional themes on a two-point scale indicating presence or absence of a particular theme. When they did not agree, a third researcher broke the tie. Theme prevalence was compared by specialty and gender. Results Residents expressed interest in interventional and comprehensive pain practice without significant differences; however, there were specialty and gender differences in other themes such as teaching, research, and leadership in program development. Conclusions If pain specialty training is going to meet the needs of prospective residents, patients, and society, we should do more to attract women and neurology and psychiatry residents. We should include more opportunities for research and the flexibility to educate trainees who may not pursue a procedural practice.
Deposit Rate Pass-Through in Selected Latin American Economies over the Post-2008 World

This investigation documented the following. First, commercial banks in Colombia and Mexico overshot in their lending rate adjustments and practiced predatory pricing in the credit markets. Second,...
Foreign-born academic scientists: entrepreneurial academics or academic entrepreneurs?

Although foreign-born scholars make up a significant portion of the US professoriate, little is known about how their ‘foreign-born’ identity directly or indirectly affects their entrepreneurial prowess. This article integrates role identity theory with theoretical arguments from social network and cultural proximity theories to examine whether foreign-born academic scientists can better be characterized as entrepreneurial academics (strong government grant productivity) or academic entrepreneurs (strong involvement in the creation and commercialization of university-invented technologies). Our analysis indicates that foreign-born academic scientists seem more successful in attracting research resources, but are less successful in exploiting their inventions through entrepreneurial activities. They can therefore be best described as entrepreneurial academics. These findings may partially explain the tepid performance of many research-intensive universities in terms of technology transfer and commercialization. We discuss the policy implications of our findings and provide guidance for academic entrepreneurs.
Comparing Instructional Approaches in Caregiver-Implemented Intervention: An Interdisciplinary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Family involvement is a cornerstone of early intervention (EI). Therefore, positive caregiver outcomes are vital, particularly in caregiver-implemented interventions. As such, caregiver instruction...
Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models to Study Muscle Function, Plasticity, and Disease

Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable plasticity that permits functional adaptations to a wide range of signals such as motor input, exercise, and disease. Small animal models have been pivotal in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle adaptation and plasticity. However, these small animal models fail to accurately model human muscle disease resulting in poor clinical success of therapies. Here, we review the potential of in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to study muscle function, plasticity, and disease. First, we discuss the generation and function of in vitro skeletal muscle models. We then discuss the genetic, neural, and hormonal factors regulating skeletal muscle fiber-type in vivo and the ability of current in vitro models to study muscle fiber-type regulation. We also evaluate the potential of these systems to be utilized in a patient-specific manner to accurately model and gain novel insights into diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and volumetric muscle loss. We conclude with a discussion on future developments required for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to become more mature, biomimetic, and widely utilized for studying muscle physiology, disease, and clinical use.
Is There a Difference Between LI-RADS 3 to LI-RADS 5 Progression Assessment Using CT Versus MR? A Retrospective, Single-Center, Longitudinal Study of Patients Who Underwent 5082 Radiologic Examinations for Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Over a 43-Month Period

Abstract Objective The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) has been widely applied to CT and MR liver observations in patients at high-risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the impact of CT vs MR in upgrading LI-RADS 3 to LI-RADS 5 observations using a large cohort of high-risk patients. Methods We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study of CT and MR radiographic reports (June 2013 - February 2017) with an assigned LI-RADS category. A final population of 757 individual scans and 212 high-risk patients had at least one LI-RADS 3 observation. Differences in observation time to progression between modalities were determined using uni- and multivariable analysis. Results Of the 212 patients with a LI-RADS 3 observation, 52 (25%) had progression to LI-RADS 5. Tp ranged from 64 - 818 days (median: 196 days). One hundred and three patients (49%) had MR and 109 patients (51%) had CT as their index study. Twenty-four patients with an MR index exam progressed to LI-RADS 5 during the follow-up interval, with progression rates of 22% (CI:13%-30%) at 1 year and 29% (CI:17%-40%) at 2 years. Twenty-eight patients with a CT index exam progressed to LI-RADS 5 during follow-up, with progression rates of 26% (CI:16%-35%) at 1 year and 31% (CI:19%-41%) at 2 years. Progression rates were not significantly different between patients whose LI-RADS 3 observation was initially diagnosed on MR vs CT (HR: 0.81, P = 0.44). Discussion MR and CT modalities are comparable for demonstrating progression from LI-RADS 3 to 5 for high risk patients.
Association Between Internal Medicine Residency Applicant Characteristics and Performance on ACGME Milestones During Intern Year

Background Residency programs apply varying criteria to the resident selection process. However, it is unclear which applicant characteristics reflect preparedness for residency. Objective We determined the applicant characteristics associated with first-year performance in internal medicine residency as assessed by performance on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones. Methods We examined the association between applicant characteristics and performance on ACGME Milestones during intern year for individuals entering Northwestern University's internal medicine residency between 2013 and 2018. We used bivariate analysis and a multivariable linear regression model to determine the association between individual factors and Milestone performance. Results Of 203 eligible residents, 198 (98%) were included in the final sample. One hundred fourteen residents (58%) were female, and 116 residents (59%) were White. Mean Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores were 245.5 (SD 12.0) and 258 (SD 10.8) respectively. Step 1 scores, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, medicine clerkship grades, and interview scores were not associated with Milestone performance in the bivariate analysis and were not included in the multivariable model. In the multivariable model, overall clerkship grades, ranking of the medical school, and year entering residency were significantly associated with Milestone performance (P ≤ .04). Conclusions Most traditional metrics used in residency selection were not associated with early performance on ACGME Milestones during internal medicine residency.
Decay and the Battle to Redefine Capacity

The book opened with a narrative of capacity failures in five dimensions to confront a public health crisis. Subsequently, we framed the ebb and flow of capacity based on an understanding of reform movements, identifying the seeds of decline as capacity in the federal government was established and controlled throughout history. This chapter describes the deconstructive forces of the Trump era that accelerated the decline of capacity toward decay, judging by the chaos of the pandemic response. But beyond the pandemic, the deconstruction movement should be seen as intricately tied to the efforts to redefine capacity for the future through the most radical reform initiatives since Nixon’s time. Even as those reforms fizzled out, they are consistent with the unitary executive’s rise in appropriating sole command of the bureaucracy and defining capacity accordingly.
Dune Buggy Site, 24Rv1, and Late Prehistoric Ceramics in the Northwestern Plains

The study of ceramics in the northwestern Plains has lagged since Wissler included "the lack of pottery" as one of the core Plains traits. In recent years, however, the poor development in ceramic studies is due to the lack of reported sites rather than a real void. The first part of this paper describes the Dune Buggy site and its large ceramic collection. In the second part, the pottery is identified as belonging to a non-Middle Missouri tradition and related to sites in northeastern Montana, southeastern Saskatche wan, southwestern Manitoba, and northwestern North Dakota. The combinations of profile, designs, and decoration appear to be heterogeneous, and an analogy is drawn to the historic period for the area to suggest an explanation for the apparent mixing. Specific problems include the lack of absolute dates and stratigraphic relationships, unpublished data, and potentially mixed components.
Glued Laminated Members

Glued laminated timbers were used as early as the late 1800s. During and since World War II, they have been used extensively. Casein adhesives were the most frequently used until the early 1970s, when they were generally replaced by synthetic resins suitable either for exterior or interior use. Glued laminated members (glulams) have seen increasing use in both buildings and bridges. Structures that would not have been feasible using only sawn-timber members have proved practical and successful using glulams.
Impulsive stimulated Raman excitation of coherent phonons in antimony

Summary form only given. The excitation of coherent phonons in semimetals with femtosecond laser pulses has recently been investigated by several groups and accounted for by an excitation mechanism called displacive excitation of coherent phonons (DECP). DECP is considered to be different from conventional Raman processes in that it only launches fully symmetric A-phonons and that these oscillations have a cosine behavior rather than the sine behavior that is expected for impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS). In this work we re-investigated the excitation of phonons in antimony using both time-resolved and cw-Raman techniques.
Michael Choniates at the Christian Parthenon and the Bendideia Festival of Republic 1

Choniates’ inaugural sermon as bishop of Athens carefully echoes Plato’s image of the passing on of the torch, so as to emphasize the continuity of Christian Athens with its pagan past.
Primaquine for Prophylaxis of Malaria: Has the CYP Sailed?

Primaquine (PQ) is widely used for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria in combination with chloroquine (CQ) and in some countries (mostly the United States) for presumptive antirelapse therapy (PART, or terminal prophylaxis) to prevent relapse caused by P. vivax or Plasmodium ovale .1 Although use of PQ for primary prophylaxis of malaria is not an approved indication by the US Food and Drug Administration, the US Centers for Dlisease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended PQ at a dose of 30 mg daily for use as primary malaria chemoprophylaxis in areas where the risk of malaria is predominantly due to P. vivax .2 PQ is an appealing option for primary prophylaxis use for several reasons. In addition to being generally well‐tolerated, due to its activity in the pre‐erythrocytic liver stage, it offers the option of a shortened post‐exposure dosing regimen of 7 days. Furthermore, when used as primary prophylaxis, PQ protects against relapse of P. vivax or P. ovale , obviating the need for PART.3 The efficacy of PQ as causal prophylaxis was established in trials conducted in several populations, including Indonesian migrants,4 Kenyan children,5 and Colombian soldiers.6 It should be noted that there have been no controlled trials to study the efficacy of this regimen in western travelers. In the Colombian soldiers, the population most similar to European nonimmune populations, PQ was found to have an efficacy of 89% [95% confidence interval (CI), 75%–96%] at preventing all malaria, although this was higher (94%, CI 78%–99%) at preventing malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum . In an observational study comparing PQ to mefloquine and doxycycline in …
Design and Evaluation of Distributed Role Allocation Algorithms in Open Environments.

Abstract : Role allocation has emerged as one of the key issue in teamwork involving communication. While direct point-to-point communication is expensive and uncertain, access to neighbors is reliable and efficient in scale-free networks such as those found in open environments and social networks. This suggests decentralized approaches to role allocation based on communication between neighbors. This paper adapts and evaluates some of the basic types of algorithms in distributed role allocation in open environments using a novel coordination measure in the prey/predator domain.
Infrared Space Observatory Measurements of [C II] Line Variations in Galaxies

We report measurements of the [C II] fine-structure line at 157.714 ?m in 30 normal star-forming galaxies with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The ratio of the line to total far-infrared (FIR) luminosity, LC II/LFIR, measures the ratio of the cooling of gas to that of dust, and thus the efficiency of the grain photoelectric heating process. This ratio varies by more than a factor of 40 in the current sample. About two-thirds of the galaxies have LC II/LFIR ratios in the narrow range of (2-7) ? 10 -->?3. The other one-third show trends of decreasing LC II/LFIR with increasing dust temperature, as measured by the flux ratio of infrared emission at 60 and 100 ?m, F?(60 ?m)/F?(100 ?m), and with increasing star formation activity, measured by the ratio of FIR and blue-band luminosity, LFIR/L -->B. We also find three FIR-bright galaxies that are deficient in the [C II] line, which is undetected with 3 ? upper limits of LC II/LFIR ?4. The trend in the LC II/LFIR ratio with the temperature of dust and with star formation activity may be due to decreased efficiency of photoelectric heating of gas at high UV radiation intensity as dust grains become positively charged, decreasing the yield and the energy of the photoelectrons. The three galaxies with no observed photodissociation region lines have among the highest LFIR/L -->B and F?(60 ?m)/F?(100 ?m) ratios. Their lack of [C II] lines may be due to a continuing trend of decreasing LC II/LFIR with increasing star formation activity and dust temperature seen in one-third of the sample with warm IRAS colors. In that case, the upper limits on LC II/LFIR imply a ratio of UV flux to gas density of G -->0/n>10 cm -->3 (where G -->0 is in units of the local average interstellar field). The low LC II/LFIR ratio could also be due to either weak [C II], owing to self-absorption, or a strong FIR continuum from regions weak in [C II], such as dense H II regions or plasma ionized by hard radiation of active galactic nuclei. The mid-infrared and radio images of these galaxies show that most of the emission comes from a compact nucleus. CO and H I are detected in these galaxies, with H I seen in absorption toward the nucleus.
Effects of Cycloheximide and Puromycin on Synthesis of Simian Virus 40 T Antigen in Green Monkey Kidney Cells

Gilden, R. V. (Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.), and R. I. Carp. Effects of cycloheximide and puromycin on synthesis of simian virus 40 T antigen in green monkey kidney cells. J. Bacteriol. 91:1295–1297. 1966.—Synthesis of the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen in primary African green monkey kidney cells was abolished when cycloheximide was added up to 10 hr postinfection. In contrast, puromycin, another inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not suppress antigen production. The basis of this differential effect was the inability of puromycin to inhibit protein synthesis in the cells used. This was shown by the failure of the drug to depress the incorporation of labeled amino acid into protein and also failure to inhibit poliovirus synthesis. The puromycin preparation used was very effective in inhibiting poliovirus synthesis in HeLa cells. Thus, appearance of the SV40 T antigen is dependent on protein synthesis in infected cells.
Suspect novel adverse drug reactions to trimethoprim‐sulphonamide combinations in horses: A case series

Adverse drug reactions to trimethoprim-sulphonamide combinations are common in many species, manifesting as gastrointestinal tract disorders, dermatopathies and blood dyscrasias. In this case series, neurological abnormalities in 4 horses being treated with trimethoprim-sulphonamide combinations at normal dosages and in one foal that received an overdose are described. The horses developed hypermetric gait, agitation and erratic behaviour. All signs resolved once medication was withdrawn, and no horse had residual deficits. No other cause for observed neurological deficits could be determined. These clinical signs appear to represent a novel adverse drug reaction to some commonly used antimicrobial combinations.
Personality and support for universal human rights: a review and test of a structural model.

All individual differences that predict support for international human rights are first reviewed: support for human rights is linked most positively to "globalism" (other international and environmental concerns), "identification with all humanity," principled moral reasoning, benevolence, and dispositional empathy. It is related most negatively to ethnocentrism and its root dispositions, the social dominance orientation, and authoritarianism. Other correlates are also noted. Secondly, a structural model of the effects of authoritarianism, social dominance, ethnocentrism and identification with all humanity upon commitment to human rights is presented and tested. Across 2 studies (Study 1, N= 218 nonstudent adults; Study 2, N= 102 university students), ethnocentrism and identification with all humanity directly predicted human rights commitment. The effects of authoritarianism upon this commitment were fully mediated through enhanced ethnocentrism and reduced identification with all humanity. The effects of social dominance were similar, but its direct effect upon human rights commitment remained significant and was not, in the second study, mediated by reduced dispositional empathy.
Approximate theoretical shape of the Mössbauer spectrum of a thick split absorber

Abstract The problem of the line shape integral of Mossbauer spectroscopy is solved by introducing approximation. This formulation is accurate enough for most experimental purposes and facilitates the interpretation of spectra observed with thick absorbers.
Frequency of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes by maternal race–ethnicity, and the effect on the prevalence of trisomy 21, Metropolitan Atlanta, 1996–2005

The prevalence of trisomy 21 has been reported to differ by race–ethnicity, however, the results are inconsistent and the cause of the differences is unknown. Using data from 1996 to 2005 from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), we analyzed the use of prenatal cytogenetic testing and the subsequent use of elective termination among pregnancies affected with any MACDP-eligible birth defect and trisomy 21, by maternal race–ethnicity. We then examined whether these factors could explain the observed differences in the prevalence of trisomy 21 among race–ethnicity groups. Among all pregnancies with birth defects, prenatal cytogenetic testing as well as elective terminations after an abnormal prenatal cytogenetic test result were observed less frequently among Hispanic women than among non-Hispanic white women (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.78, respectively). In pregnancies affected by trisomy 21, both the Hispanic and the non-Hispanic black populations had more live births (89.5% and 77.8%, respectively) and fewer elective terminations (5.7% and 15.2%, respectively) compared to the non-Hispanic white population (63.0% live births, 32.3% elective terminations). After adjusting for elective terminations, non-Hispanic white mothers had a higher live birth prevalence of trisomy 21 compared to non-Hispanic black (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54–0.76) or Hispanic mothers (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55–0.86). Overall, our data suggest that factors associated with decisions made about the use of prenatal testing, and about pregnancy management after testing, might play a large role in the race–ethnicity differences observed in the live birth prevalence of trisomy 21. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative enrichment of P-870 in photosynthetic reaction centers treated with sodium borohydride

Abstract Reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R26 in 0.03% LDAO/0.1 M Tris (initial pH = 8.0) were treated with sodium borohydride. The pH of the reaction center solution was never allowed to exceed 10. Absorption spectra taken at various times show that for approx. 8 h after the first addition of NaBH 4 , A 865 (P-870) and A 760 diminish very little (no more than 15% loss each), while A 800 diminishes markedly (45% loss) and a new peak (at 715 nm) grows in at approximately the same rate that A 800 decays. Separate experiments on the absorption and 1 H-NMR spectra of purified bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and bacteriopheophytin (BPh), and their respective NaBH 4 -reduction products, reveal that A 715 in NaBH 4 -treated reaction centers most likely results from 2a-deoxy-2a-(hydroxy)BPh a , a BPh reduction product. We conclude that at least part of the BChl contributing to A 800 in the reaction center is reduced at the acetyl group by NaBH 4 , apparently with concomitant pheophytinization; if two molecules of BChl contribute equally to that absorption, one of them is reduced. Thus, it is plausible that, of the 6 bacteriochlorin molecules in the reaction center, only one is so configured that its acetyl group is both accessible to the solvent and reactive. In addition to providing a new geometric marker for reaction centers, the NaBH 4 -reduction technique should make it possible to decide whether any small spectral change in the 800-nm region can be ruled out as the higher-energy exciton transition of the putative BChl special pair. The technique should be interesting to apply to reaction centers from other organisms, especially Rhodopseudomonas viridis . Because NaBH 4 treatment is unlikely to significantly modify protein structure, investigations of the photochemical properties of the modified reaction centers should be highly informative, especially since reversible bleaching of P-870 in NaBH 4 -treated reaction centers now has been observed (Maroti, P., Wraight, C.A. and Pearlstein, R.M., unpublished results).