cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flatness and continuity in the percentile clustering model

Abstract Flat and induced flat percentile cluster methods are studied in terms of their continuity and compatibility properties. The main result states that an induced flat percentile cluster method is both continuous and monotone equivariant.
CHAPTER 27 – Nucleotide Metabolism

This chapter focuses on the synthesis and degradation of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose (or deoxypentose), and a phosphate. Nucleotides are synthesized by two types of metabolic pathways, which include de novo synthesis and salvage pathways. The former refers to synthesis of purines and pyrimidines from precursor molecules, whereas the latter refers to the conversion of preformed purines and pyrimidine to nucleotides, usually by addition of ribose-5-phosphate to the base. De novo synthesis of purines is based on the metabolism of one-carbon compounds. One-carbon moieties of different redox states are utilized in the biosynthesis of the purine nucleotides and thymidine monophosphate, the metabolism of several amino acids (particularly serine and homocysteine), the initiation of protein biosynthesis in bacteria and mitochondria by formylation of methionine, and methylation of various metabolites. There are several one-carbon derivatives of folate that function as one-carbon carriers in different metabolic processes. In all of these reactions, the one-carbon moiety is carried in a covalent linkage to one or both of the nitrogen atoms at the 5- and 10-positions of the pteroic acid portion of tetrahydrofolate. 5-Phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) is a key intermediate in nucleotide biosynthesis. It is required for de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and the salvage pathways, in which purines are converted to their respective nucleotides via transfer of ribose 1-phosphate group from PRPP to the base. In this reaction, the pyrophosphate group of ATP is transferred to ribose 5-phosphate.
A Convenient Preparation of N,N-Dibromoamines

Abstract The preparation of N,N-dibromo compounds by treatment of the parent amine or amide with free bromine,3 hypobromite solution,4 acetyl hypobromite5 or monobromoacetamide6 has been described. More recently, a method involving treatment of the free amide or amine with an N-bromo heterocycle, such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), has been developed.7 From our own experience, with the possible exception of the N-bromo amide or imide route, these methods tend to be highly specific, and cannot be reliably used as a general preparation of N,N-dibromoamines.
Extensible Web Browser Security

In this paper we examine the security issues in functionality extension mechanisms supported by web browsers. Extensions (or "plug-ins") in modern web browsers enjoy unlimited power without restraint and thus are attractive vectors for malware. To solidify the claim, we take on the role of malware writers looking to assume control of a user's browser space. We have taken advantage of the lack of security mechanisms for browser extensions and have implemented a piece of malware for the popular Firefox web browser, which we call browserSpy , that requires no special privileges to be installed. Once installed, browserSpy takes complete control of a user's browser space and can observe all the activity performed through the browser while being undetectable. We then adopt the role of defenders to discuss defense strategies against such malware. Our primary contribution is a mechanism that uses code integrity checking techniques to control the extension installation and loading process. We also discuss techniques for runtime monitoring of extension behavior that provide a foundation for defending threats due to installed extensions.
DNA transformation using electrically charged tungsten microelectrodes

DNA mediated genetic transformation has opened the door to molecular engineering of numerous species. Unfortunately, many other species have so far resisted transformation often because DNA cannot be moved into their germ cells by current methods. An alternate approach was sought where DNA is electrophoresed onto the tip of a tungsten microelectrode and the electrode inserted into the cell nucleus to effect transformation. This paper shows that DNA can be electrophoresed onto the tips of tungsten microelectrodes and that tungsten microelectrodes can be used to transform the germ line cells of the nematode C. elegans.
The Opaque Projector: The Inverse of the Camera Obscura

Many years ago I was running the standard laboratory experiment on thin lens optics. The source was the usual self‐illuminated object mounted on an optical bench, and a converging lens formed a real image on a screen. One of the students sitting near one wall of the darkened lab was having some trouble with the idea of image formation. Her face was lit by the light from a shaded gooseneck lamp, and as she looked at me holding the lens in my hand, the inverted image of her face appeared on a nearby wall. And, the image was in color! Not only was this a classic teaching moment, but I realized that, by chance, we had set up an opaque projector.
Clinical Heterogeneity of the LRRK2 G2019S Mutation

Background Several pathogenic mutations have been reported in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene ( LRRK2 ) that cause parkinsonism. The “common” LRRK2 G2019S kinase domain substitution has been reported to account for approximately 5% of familial and 1% of sporadic Parkinson disease. Objective To observe the clinical heterogeneity presented by LRRK2 kinase mutation carriers. Design, Setting, and Participants We screened 130 patients with pathologically confirmed Parkinson disease and 85 controls for 3 LRRK2 kinase domain pathogenic substitutions: I2012T, G2019S, and I2020T. Main Outcome Measures Detailed clinical phenotypes for individuals who screened positive for LRRK2 mutations. Results Five LRRK2 G2019S carriers were identified, of whom 4 had Parkinson disease (clinically and pathologically confirmed), and the fifth was a control subject who died at age 68 years after an acute myocardial infarction with no evidence of neurodegenerative abnormalities. There was no evidence of the I2012T or I2020T mutation in these participants. Conclusions The underlying disease mechanisms of LRRK2 G2019S–associated parkinsonism are similar to those of typical Parkinson disease. The identification of a control subject raises important questions concerning genetic diagnosis and counseling.
Portrait of The Angry Decision Maker: How Appraisal Tendencies Shape Anger's Influence on Cognition.

This paper reviews the impact of anger on judgment and decision making. Section I proposes that anger merits special attention in the study of judgment and decision making because the effects of anger often diverge from those of other negative emotions. Section II presents an Appraisal-Tendency Framework for predicting and organizing such effects. Section III reviews empirical evidence for the uniqueness of anger’s relations to judgment and decision making. Section IV connects the Appraisal-Tendency Framework to associated mechanisms and theories. Drawing on the evidence, Section V presents the question of whether anger should be considered a positive emotion. It also proposes the hypothesis that anger will be experienced as relatively unpleasant and unrewarding when reflecting back on the source of one’s anger but experienced as relatively pleasant and rewarding when looking forward. Section VI synthesizes the evidence into a new portrait of the angry decision maker. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of a bow leg hopping robot

The bow leg hopper is a new design for a locomotion system with a resilient, flexible leg. It features a passive stance phase and natural pitch stability. It is controlled by actuators that configure the leg angle and stored leg energy during flight. During the stance, the actuators are mechanically decoupled from the leg and the stored energy is released. The trajectory is determined by the spring-mass physics and the state of the leg at impact. This design casts the controller as a function mapping three trajectory parameters to two control outputs once every hopping cycle. Our particular solution uses a combination of graph-search planning and feedback control. The planner searches the sequences of foot placements and computes control outputs using numerical solution of a physical model. The feedback control is computed once per bounce. Experimental data from a planar prototype are included demonstrating navigation of simple artificial terrain.
Prospective evaluation of trans-fatty acid intake and colorectal cancer risk in the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Concerns regarding the safety of dietary trans-fatty acids (tFAs) have generated recent public interest, scientific discussion and legislative action. Although most widely recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, associations between tFA intake and incident cancer have also been proposed. With respect to colorectal cancer (CRC), existing observational data remain limited and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a prospective evaluation of tFA intake and CRC risk, overall and by anatomic subsite, among participants in the Iowa Women’s Health Study, a population-based cohort of older women (ages 55–69 years at enrollment). Exposure data were collected at baseline using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CRC cases were identified through annual linkage to the Iowa Cancer Registry. CRC risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. In total, 35,216 women met our inclusion criteria and 1229 CRC cases (631 proximal, 571 distal, 27 site not specified) were observed through 18 years of follow-up. Adjusting for age and total energy consumption, tFA intake in the fourth versus first quartile was not significantly associated with overall CRC risk (relative risk [RR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.32). Similarly, risk estimates based on proximal (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.87–1.37) and distal (RR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.93–1.49) CRC subsites did not differ from unity. Multivariable adjustment yielded slightly attenuated risk estimates, but the observed associations were not meaningfully altered. Given these findings, tFA intake does not appear to be a major CRC risk factor, at least among older women.
Ist1 regulates Vps4 localization and assembly

The ESCRT protein complexes are recruited from the cytoplasm and assemble on the endosomal membrane into a protein network that functions in sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. This transport pathway packages cargo proteins into vesicles that bud from the MVB limiting membrane into the lumen of the compartment and delivers these vesicles to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. The dissociation of ESCRT machinery by the AAA-type ATPase Vps4 is a necessary late step in the formation of MVB vesicles. This ATP-consuming step is regulated by several Vps4-interacting proteins, including the newly identified regulator Ist1. Our data suggest that Ist1 has a dual role in the regulation of Vps4 activity: it localizes to the ESCRT machinery via Did2 where it positively regulates recruitment of Vps4 and it negatively regulates Vps4 by forming an Ist1-Vps4 heterodimer, in which Vps4 cannot bind to the ESCRT machinery. The activity of the MVB pathway might be in part determined by outcome of these two competing activities.
Metamemory adjustments over time in adults with and without traumatic brain injury

Primary objective: This study explored whether adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) adjust their judgements of learning (JOLs) over the course of a verbal learning task.Research design: Regression analyses were performed of JOLs and recall over time, for both group means and individual performance.Procedures: Twenty adults with TBI and 16 healthy controls studied lists of noun-pairs, making Likert scale JOLs for each item during the study phase. Half of the JOLs were made immediately following item study; the other half after several minutes delay. Recall was tested for each list after all JOLs were complete.Outcomes: Analyses revealed significant differences between participants with TBI and controls in how JOLs changed over time. As a group, TBI survivors increased JOLs over the course of the learning experiment in the delayed condition, whereas the control group decreased JOL predictions in the immediate condition.Conclusions: These results support previous work showing that metamemory ...
Feminist anthropology: the legacy of Elsie Clews Parsons

1989 American Ethnological Society Distinguished Lecture, presented at the Spring Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Scheduling aperiodic requests under the rate-based execution model

Aperiodic requests with unknown execution times and unknown arrival patterns are dynamically mapped to rate-based execution (RBE) tasks with variable rates and scheduled such that the real-time tasks are guaranteed to meet their deadlines. The aperiodic requests dynamically share the available processor capacity without reserving a fixed processor capacity for any one aperiodic request (or class of requests). This approach was selected over the traditional approach of using a static set of server tasks to process aperiodic requests so that the available processor capacity could be proportionally shared between active aperiodic requests.
Performance of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator

A 2856-MHz S-band, electron-positron linear accelerator (linac) is the injector and source of particles for the APS. The linac is operated 24 hours per day, with 405-MeV electrons to support commissioning of the other APS accelerators, and with positrons or electrons to support linac studies. It produces electrons with energies up to 655 MeV or positrons with energies up to the design energy of 450 MeV.
Ontogenetic differences in ethanol-induced impairment of context and CS learning

A hypothesized action of ethanol is that it reduces processing of contextual stimuli. Given previous reports of age-related differences in stimulus selection, in the present study we utilized a conditioned suppression paradigm within an enhanced sensory context to examine the effects of ethanol on context and tone learning in preweanling and adult Sprague-Dawley rats as a function of tone-footshock interval. Although ethanol had some impairing influence on both context and tone conditioning in adults, tone responding nevertheless remained evident, whereas context conditioning was abolished regardless of the tone-footshock interval. In preweanlings, both context and tone responding were abolished by ethanol unless training occurred with contiguous tone-footshock pairings. It is suggested that age-specific modes of encoding are differentially sensitive to the effects of alcohol.
Coupling SWAT and ANN models for enhanced daily streamflow prediction

To improve daily flow prediction in unmonitored watersheds a hybrid model was developed by combining a quasi‐distributed watershed model and artificial neural network (ANN). Daily streamflow data from 29 nearby watersheds in and around the city of Atlanta, Southeastern United States, with leave-one-site-out jackknifing technique were used to build the flow predictive models during warm and cool seasons. Daily streamflow was first simulated with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and then the SWAT simulated baseflow and stormflow were used as inputs to ANN. Out of the total 29 test watersheds, 62% and 83% of them had Nash–Sutcliffe values above 0.50 during the cool and warm seasons, respectively (considered good or better). As the percent forest cover or the size of test watershed increased, the performances of the models gradually decreased during both warm and cool seasons. This indicates that the developed models work better in urbanized watersheds. In addition, SWAT and SWAT Calibration Uncertainty Procedure (SWAT-CUP) program were run separately for each station to compare the flow prediction accuracy of the hybrid approach to SWAT. Only 31% of the sites during the calibration and 34% of validation runs had ENASH values ⩾0.50. This study showed that coupling ANN with semi-distributed models can lead to improved daily streamflow predictions in ungauged watersheds.
Fluctuations in Soviet Defense Spending

Despite our efforts to understand the dynamics of the arms race, we know little about the causes of short-term fluctuations in USSR military spending. This article attempts to shed new light on the domestic causes of these fluctuations, with special emphasis on Soviet economic conditions. It is found that annual shifts in military budgets are responsive to the magnitude of the economic burden that defense outlays represent in a given year and to the stage of the five-year planning cycle the Soviet economy happens to be in. With respect to the latter, the military sector fares least well relative to the civilian sector at the beginning and end of the five-year period, but compensates for this toward the middle of the cycle.
Framing the Genetics Curriculum for Social Justice: An Experimental Exploration of How the Biology Curriculum Influences Beliefs About Racial Difference

This field experiment manipulated the racial framing of a reading on human genetic disease to explore whether racial terminology in the biology curriculum affects how adolescents explain and respond to the racial achievement gap in American education. Carried out in a public high school in the San Francisco Bay Area, students recruited for the study (N = 86) were randomly assigned to read either a racially framed or a nonracially framed textbook passage on genetic diseases as part of a unit on Mendelian genetics. Afterwards, they responded to two instruments measuring belief in the biological/genetic basis of race and one measure that recorded their explanations of the racial achievement gap and their willingness to volunteer their free time to fix it. Results demonstrated that students in the racially framed condition exhibited significantly greater agreement in the genetic basis of racial difference than students in the nonracially framed condition. A content analysis of students’ explanations of the achievement gap also demonstrated that a significantly greater proportion of students gave genetic explanations of the achievement gap in the racially framed condition compared to the other condition. Furthermore, students’ prior beliefs about race interacted with the reading treatments to affect students’ willingness to fix the racial achievement gap.
Music at Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

UCLA Library Special Collections (LSC) acquires rare books, manuscripts, photographs, ephemera, audiovisual materials, digital files, and other rare or unique primary source materials. LSC’s perfor...
Lipid flip-flop in binary membranes composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine.

The kinetics and thermodynamics of lipid flip-flop in bilayers composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DPPS) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) were studied using sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. The kinetics of DSPC and DPPS flip-flop were examined as a function of temperature and bilayer composition. The rate of DSPC flip-flop did not exhibit any significant dependence on bilayer composition while the rate of DPPS flip-flop was inversely dependent on the mole fraction of DPPS. The transition-state thermodynamics for DSPC and DPPS lipids in these mixed bilayers were determined in order to identify the energetic impact of the phosphatidylserine headgroup on lipid flip-flop. The thermodynamics for the DSPC component remained statistically identical to bilayers composed entirely of DSPC. The activation energy for the DPPS component showed a linear correlation with the mole fraction of DPPS for all bilayer compositions. The enthalpy and entropy for DPPS flip-flop ...
New horizons in mica paper

The growth of the mica paper business from small beginnings in the early 1950's to the large and important segment of the electrical insulation market which it is today has been marked by great activity and progress in many areas of endeavor concerned with mica and mica paper. This progress ranges all the way from pure research on the structure of mica, through an elucidation of many processes for producing mica papers to the practical problem of applying mica mat tapes to obtain the best overall results.1 A measure of this activity is the fact that in Chemical Abstracts alone, which cover this period, there are well over one hundred pertinent articles on mica and mica paper.
The S-canon and the multi-S-canon: an introduction

The technique of rhythmic tiling can be used to embed canons within a monophonic texture by ensuring that no two parts play on the same beat. This paper introduces the S-canon, a type of canon based on Sidon sets, in which the parts do overlap rhythmically but always do so in unison. We also introduce the multi-S-canon, which involves sets of S-canons that tile with each other in terms of rhythm and pitch. Multi-S-canons are defined and constructed in terms of Sidon Zn-tilings. We demonstrate that Sidon Zn-tilings have redundant representations and define a standard form that addresses these redundancies. Finally, we give an algorithm for finding the Sidon Zn-tilings that cover Zn using as few Sidon sets as possible, and we look at some of the results. There is an Online Supplement to this paper, which can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17459737.2016.1168492). It includes audio files to accompany a few of the musical examples, as well as a spreadsheet listing minimal Sidon Zn-tilings for 12≤n≤30.
Developmental exposure to PCBs alters the activation of the auditory cortex in response to GABAA antagonism

Developmental exposure of rats to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) causes impairments in hearing and in the functioning of peripheral and central auditory structures. Additionally, recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated an increase in audiogenic seizures. The current study aimed to further characterize the effects of PCBs on auditory brain structures by investigating whether developmental exposure altered the magnitude of activation in the auditory cortex (AC) in response to electrical stimulation of thalamocortical afferents. Long-Evans female rats were fed cookies containing either 0 or 6mg/kg of an environmental PCB mixture daily from 4 weeks prior to breeding until postnatal day 21. Brain slices containing projections from the thalamus to the AC were collected from adult female offspring and were bathed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) alone, aCSF containing a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist (200nM SR95531), and aCSF containing an and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (50μM AP5). During each of these drug conditions, electrical stimulations ranging from 25 to 600μA were delivered to the thalamocortical afferents. Activation of the AC was measured using flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging. Although there were no differences seen between treatment groups in the aCSF condition, there were significant increases in the ratio of aCSF/SR95531 activation in slices from PCB-exposed animals compared to control animals. This effect was seen in both the upper and lower layers of the AC. No differences in activation were noted between treatment groups when slices were exposed to AP5. These data suggest that developmental PCB exposure leads to increased sensitivity to antagonism of GABAA receptors in the AC without a change in NMDA-mediated intrinsic excitability.
Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injections in Patients With Self-reported Iodine Allergy.

Purpose To present cases of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections where povidone-iodine (PI) was not used as part of the surgical preparation. Design Retrospective case series. Methods All cases of presumed injection-related endophthalmitis presenting to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between June 2008 and November 2014 and Dean McGee Eye Institute between January 2010 and January 2015 were identified. Patients who did not receive PI preparation owing to documented self-reported allergy to iodine, iodine-containing contrast material, or shellfish were identified and their injection histories and clinical courses reviewed. Results The combined rate of postinjection endophthalmitis at these 2 centers was 0.019%. Among 42 patients with postinjection endophthalmitis, 5 (11.9%) did not receive PI prophylaxis. The mean number of intravitreal injections without PI before the development of endophthalmitis was 10.6 with a 9.4% rate of endophthalmitis (5 cases per 53 injections). All patients underwent tap-and-inject procedures with vancomycin 1 mg and ceftazidime 2 mg. Two patients did not receive PI at the time of tap and inject; 1 of these patients required subsequent pars plana vitrectomy for worsening clinical course. Cultures were positive in 4 of 5 cases; all positive cultures grew coagulase-negative Staphylococcus . All patients who received subsequent intravitreal injections received PI prophylaxis without allergic reactions, thus demonstrating a lack of true PI allergy. Conclusions Avoiding PI owing to self-reported iodine "allergy" risks substantial ocular morbidity. Allergy testing can be pursued per patient request or in rare cases of suspected true PI allergy; however, in cases where delayed treatment would adversely affect visual outcome, the clinician should feel confident that minimal allergic risk exists.
Portable centrifugal microfluidic system for diagnostics in resource-limited settings

The threats of disease outbreaks and exposure to biothreat agents, both accidental and intentional, demand field-deployable technology capable of rapid, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis. In order to address these public health concerns, we present a portable centrifugal microfluidic platform and demonstrate sensitive detection protein antigens, host response antibodies, and nucleic acids down to single digit starting copies. The nucleic acid detection utilizes an isothermal amplification via loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The platform, which is composed of a compact optical system for laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, a quiet brushless motor, and an efficient non-contact heater, offers an easy-to-use system capable of performing sensitive biodetection in a constrained-resource environment.
Drawing Across Perspectives: Implications for Prevention and Intervention

In the final chapter, Rosen, DeOrnellas, and Scott integrate the different perspectives of key school staff and provide common themes. They note that in addition to students and key school staff members already considered in the text, anti-bullying campaigns can benefit from an even wider range of contributors including education support professionals, parents, and community members. Based on the recommendations provided in each of the chapters, they discuss possible school-wide bullying prevention and intervention efforts and outline characteristics of successful programs. This chapter concludes by offering suggestions for overcoming potential challenges and implementing a whole-school anti-bullying initiative.
Confirmation of Identities of Propylene and Ethylene Glycols in Anchovies by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (GC/MS/MS) method has been developed for confirming the identity of propylene and ethylene glycols added to bait fish for preservation. Bait fish are occasionally illegally diverted to human food use. The bait fish were extracted with methanol, the extract was centrifuged and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated 10-fold and then analyzed by GC/MS/MS. The glycols were separated chromatographically without derivatization or preliminary cleanup. Isobutane positive ion chemical ionization was used to generate the protonated molecular ion species of each glycol. Product-ion MS/MS experiments were performed to obtain spectra to confirm the identities of propylene and ethylene glycols. The identities of these 2 compounds in anchovy extracts were successfully confirmed by this approach.
Comparative study of post-transplant outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with chemoembolization or radioembolization.

Abstract Purpose To analyze long-term outcomes in patients bridged/downstaged to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods 172 HCC patients who underwent OLT after being treated with transarterial liver-directed therapies (LDTs) (Y90: 93; TACE: 79) were identified. Pre-LDT and pre-OLT clinical/imaging/laboratory characteristics including United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) staging and alpha-fetoprotein values (AFP) were tabulated. Post-OLT HCC recurrence was assessed by imaging follow-up per standard of care. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Uni/multivariate and sub-stratification analyses were performed. Results Time-to-OLT was longer in the Y90 group (Y90: 6.5 months; TACE: 4.8 months; p = 0.02). With a median post-OLT follow-up of 26.1 months (IQR: 11.1–49.7), tumor recurrence was found in 6/79 (8%) TACE and 8/93 (9%) Y90 patients. Time-to-recurrence was 26.6 (CI: 7.0–49.5) and 15.9 months (CI: 7.8–46.8) for TACE and Y90, respectively (p = 0.48). RFS (Y90: 79 months; TACE: 77 months; p = 0.84) and OS (Y90: 57% alive at 100 months; TACE: 84.2 months; p = 0.57) were similar. 54/155 patients (Y90: 29; TACE: 25) were downstaged to UNOS T2 or less. RFS hazard ratios for patients downstaged to ≤T2 versus those that were not were 0.6 (CI: 0.33–1.1) and 1.7 (CI: 0.9–3.1) respectively (p = 0.13). 17/155 patients (Y90: 8; TACE: 9) that were >T2 were downstaged to UNOS T2 or less (within transplant criteria). Distribution (unilobar/bilobar), AFP, and pre-transplant UNOS stage affected RFS on univariate analyses. Conclusion Despite longer time-to-OLT for Y90 patients, post-OLT outcomes were similar between patients bridged or downstaged by TACE or Y90. A trend towards improved RFS for downstaged patients was identified.
Correcting Spacecraft Jitter in Hirise Images

Abstract. Mechanical oscillations or vibrations on spacecraft, also called pointing jitter, cause geometric distortions and/or smear in high resolution digital images acquired from orbit. Geometric distortion is especially a problem with pushbroom type sensors, such as the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) instrument on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Geometric distortions occur at a range of frequencies that may not be obvious in the image products, but can cause problems with stereo image correlation in the production of digital elevation models, and in measuring surface changes over time in orthorectified images. The HiRISE focal plane comprises a staggered array of fourteen charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with pixel IFOV of 1 microradian. The high spatial resolution of HiRISE makes it both sensitive to, and an excellent recorder of jitter. We present an algorithm using Fourier analysis to resolve the jitter function for a HiRISE image that is then used to update instrument pointing information to remove geometric distortions from the image. Implementation of the jitter analysis and image correction is performed on selected HiRISE images. Resulting corrected images and updated pointing information are made available to the public. Results show marked reduction of geometric distortions. This work has applications to similar cameras operating now, and to the design of future instruments (such as the Europa Imaging System).
On the formulation of a high-order discontinuous finite element method based on orthogonal polynomials for laminated plate structures

Abstract Laminated plate structures are analyzed by a discontinuous finite element method with emphasis on determining the transverse shear and normal stress components at the interface of adjacent layers accurately. A Consistent Orthogonal Basis Function Space is used for the interpolation of the displacement field and the traction field between two adjacent layers. The mass matrix of the laminated plate becomes diagonal. Moreover, it is observed that the basis functions are very similar to the vibration mode shapes, even through we do not solve any eigenvalue problem in their generation. These basis functions are uniquely determined by the structure's configuration and associated boundary conditions. The stress field between the layers can be accurately calculated, even for the region near the boundaries that might have sharp stress gradients. Several numerical examples are studied with different boundary conditions. The results for both the deformation and the stress components are compared with the traditional finite element method, especially in terms of the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOF) used in the proposed method and the classic FEM. It is observed that the proposed method is able to use a much fewer number of DOF than that of commercial FEM software (ANSYS etc) to obtain accurate solutions to both the deformation of the plate and the stress field between adjacent layers.
Where does Innovation Start From?: The Effects of Field Characteristics on Innovation Diffusion

Many studies that examined where innovations diffuse from in an inter-organizational field found conflicting results; some found innovations diffuse from the periphery while others from the center....
Outstanding research opportunities at the interface of evolution and medicine.

Evolutionary medicine is a research frontier whose promise has only partially been realized. Here I discuss the advances that have built its foundation and point to where progress is most needed.
Coronary revascularization in the 21st century. Emphasis on contributions by Japanese surgeons.

The first three decades of coronary artery surgery have provided the foundation for the next century of this evolution. It is apparent that a multitude of events including the development of cardioplegia, improving surgical instrumentation, technological advances including endoscopic approaches and computer assisted robotics and biologic discoveries such as the role of the endothelium have provided the underpinnings for improved surgical outcomes. However, the single most important determinant of late results is the type of bypass conduit used for grafting. Thus, use of the left internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafted to the left anterior descending coronary is a more important determinant of survival than is any other factor (progression of coronary artery disease, increased age, poor left ventricular function, diabetes, female gender and offpump operations).1,2 Use of two ITAs provides further benefit3–8 and it is likely that three or more arterial conduits will be shown to be advantageous in this regard in due time. Japanese cardiothoracic surgeons have made significant contributions to the continuing evolution of coronary bypass surgery and particularly to the advance of arterial conduits. This report will address those contributions to this evolution.
The interplay between ceria particle size, reducibility, and ethanol oxidation activity of ceria-supported gold catalysts

The structure of a support material can have profound impacts on the behavior of a catalyst, altering the activity and selectivity of chemical reactions. In this article, we investigate the influence of the support material's structure on the activity of Au/CeO2 catalysts for selective oxidation of ethanol in a fixed-bed flow reactor. By doping the ceria support with Al, La, and Zr during synthesis and by altering the temperature of pretreatment in air after synthesis, ceria particles varying in size between 3 nm and 22 nm were prepared. The smaller ceria particles exhibited higher oxygen storage capacities as determined by temperature programmed reduction testing and resulted in more active catalysts for ethanol oxidation. We note a linear correlation between oxygen storage capacity and catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation.
ERRATUM: "LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION OF A NON-NEWTONIAN OSCILLATING FLOW IN A HIGH-FREQUENCY LIMIT"

The Lattice Boltzmann simulation of a flow generated by an oscillating plate is conducted in a wide range of frequency variation 0< ωτ < ∞. The theoretically predicted transition from the viscoelastic (ωτ ≪ 1) Newtonian behavior to purely elastic non-Newtonian regime (ωτ ≫ 1) has been demonstrated. The relation of the derived solutions to microfluidics (high-frequency micro-resonators) is shown on an example of a "plane oscillator".
A Hybrid Nanophotonic-Magnetic Chip-Based Atom Trap

We report progress toward the development of a chip-based cold atom trap based on nanoscale waveguides, which incorporates a fabricated two-wire magnetic trap to assist in transferring laser-cooled atoms to the waveguides.
Positive Practices in the Workplace: Impact on Team Climate, Work Engagement, and Task Performance:

Positivity in organizations accentuates that which is flourishing and life-giving to discover and promote the best of the human condition, exemplified in the recent focus on positive practices, beh...
Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model.

Vanadium dioxide is a material that has a reversible metal-insulator phase change near 68 °C. To grow VO2 on a wide variety of substrates, with wafer-scale uniformity and angstrom level control of thickness, the method of atomic-layer deposition was chosen. This ALD process enables high-quality, low-temperature (≤150 °C) growth of ultrathin films (100-1000 A) of VO2. For this demonstration, the VO2 films were grown on sapphire substrates. This low temperature growth technique produces mostly amorphous VO2 films. A subsequent anneal in an ultra-high vacuum chamber with a pressure of 7x10-4 Pa of ultra-high purity (99.999%) oxygen produced oriented, polycrystalline VO2 films. The crystallinity, phase, and strain of the VO2 were determined by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, while the stoichiometry and impurity levels were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and finally the morphology was determined by atomic force microscopy. These data demonstrate the high-quality of the films grown by this technique. A model was created to fit to the data for VO2 in its metallic and insulating phases in the near infrared spectral region. The permittivity and refractive index of the ALD VO2 agreed well with the other fabrication methods in its insulating phase, but showed a difference in its metallic state. Finally, the analysis of the films' optical properties enabled the creation of a wavelength- and temperature-dependent model of the complex optical refractive index for developing VO2 as a tunable refractive index material.
ADAPT: an event-based adaptive collective communication framework

The increase in scale and heterogeneity of high-performance computing (HPC) systems predispose the performance of Message Passing Interface (MPI) collective communications to be susceptible to noise, and to adapt to a complex mix of hardware capabilities. The designs of state of the art MPI collectives heavily rely on synchronizations; these designs magnify noise across the participating processes, resulting in significant performance slowdown. Therefore, such design philosophy must be reconsidered to efficiently and robustly run on the large-scale heterogeneous platforms. In this paper, we present ADAPT, a new collective communication framework in Open MPI, using event-driven techniques to morph collective algorithms to heterogeneous environments. The core concept of ADAPT is to relax synchronizations, while mamtaining the minimal data dependencies of MPI collectives. To fully exploit the different bandwidths of data movement lanes in heterogeneous systems, we extend the ADAPT collective framework with a topology-aware communication tree. This removes the boundaries of different hardware topologies while maximizing the speed of data movements. We evaluate our framework with two popular collective operations: broadcast and reduce on both CPU and GPU clusters. Our results demonstrate drastic performance improvements and a strong resistance against noise compared to other state of the art MPI libraries. In particular, we demonstrate at least 1.3X and 1.5X speedup for CPU data and 2X and 10X speedup for GPU data using ADAPT event-based broadcast and reduce operations.
Radiobiology: Concepts and Basic Principles

Very soon after the discovery of radiation and radioactivity short- and long-term negative effects of radiation on human tissue were observed. Adverse effects of X-rays were observed by Thomas Edison, William J. Morton, and Nikola Tesla; they independently reported eye irritations from experimentation with X-rays and fluorescent substances. These effects were thought to be eye strain, or possibly due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Elihu Thomson (an American physicist) deliberately exposed the little finger of his left hand to X-rays for several days, for a short time each day, and observed pain, swelling, stiffness, erythema, and blistering in the finger, which was clearly and immediately related to the radiation exposure. William Herbert Rollins (a Boston dentist) demonstrated that X-rays could kill guinea pigs and result in the death of offspring when guinea pigs were irradiated while pregnant. Henri Becquerel received a skin burn from a radium source given to him by the Curies that he carried in a vest pocket at times. He once was reported to have said: “I love this radium but I have a grudge against it!” The first death in an X-ray pioneer attributed to cumulative overexposure was to C.M. Dally in 1904. Radiologists and other physicians who used X-rays in their practices before health physics practices were common had a significantly higher rate of leukemia than their colleagues. A particularly tragic episode in the history of the use of radiation and in the history of industrialism was the acute and chronic biological damage suffered by the Radium Dial Painters [1]. Radium was used in luminous paints in the early 1900s. In factories where luminous dial watches were made, workers (mainly women) would sharpen the tips of their paint brushes with their lips, and thus ingested large amounts of radium. They had increased amounts of bone cancer (carcinomas in the paranasal sinuses or the mastoid structures, which are very rare, and were thus clearly associated with their exposures, as well as cancers in other sites) and even spontaneous fractures in their jaws and spines from cumulative radiation injury. Others died of anemia and other causes.
Nursing elective: balancing caregiving in oppressive systems.

This course was developed when health care reform was being birthed in local hospitals under the slogan "Patient First." Architects of the change promised to involve nursing in all decisions. In the end, nursing leaders and advocates were terminated or squeezed out of the organizations. No one there now speaks for nurses at an executive level. Returning registered nurses experience this lack of voice in their organizations and come to class feeling powerless to stop the emergence of unsafe or fraudulent practices in health care (i.e. use of unlicensed assistants, altering of diagnostic codes to lengthen stays, etc.). Nurses want to take action but lack the political knowledge and skills to know where to start. Developing and implementing a course in oppression in nursing challenged this author to face the ways nursing education continues to oppress students and prepares them to blend into the status quo. Students graduate to practice in systems consumed with restructuring health care, lowering patient costs, and providing the least amount of qualified staff. Learning about oppression and how to withstand domination of one's nursing practice in deviant health care systems is not part of the regular language of teaching. The course was an attempt to flush out, articulate, and confront the meta-world of the curriculum that silently instructs students to accept oppressive practices in the workplace. The course labeled the beast and served as a catalyst for many interesting discussions. Oppression and tactics to counter oppression must be actively taught to our students. Oppressed nurses equal oppressed nursing care. Based on my learning and a critical eye to the scary realities of practice, this course marks for me my intent to support Jane Hardens (1996) call to teach for peaceful revolution.
The dilute solution of hydrogen and deuterium in β-titanium

Recent work in this Laboratory concerning the solution of hydrogen and deuterium in ..beta..-stabilized binary titanium alloys (1) has led to our interest in the properties of hydrogen in pure ..beta..-Ti (T > 1155 K). Examination of the literature reveals that data regarding the dilute solution of hydrogen in ..beta..-Ti are scarce. The reported results are somewhat scattered, as is evident in the available thermodynamic data which we have collected in Table 1. An independent examination of the solution of H in ..beta..-Ti was made and the results are presented.
Software-in-the-Loop Modeling and Simulation Framework for Autonomous Vehicles

In the process of development of autonomous vehicles, software-in-the-loop (SIL) modeling and simulation has become an inevitable part of testing. In order to support the increased number of research on SIL modeling and simulation, in this paper we have created a vehicle framework by which anyone can build their own vehicle model with ease. This paper focuses on the SIL modeling and simulation which was developed in Gazebo using Robotic Operating System (ROS). The goal of the framework is to serve as a platform to create multiple vehicle models and help users to validate and compare the different algorithms for various models. This paper also explains in detail the methodology to create a vehicle model and a custom environment to show the validity of the proposed framework. The experimental results show the successful implementation of the framework in a custom environment.
Race, Stigma, and Addiction

Racialized attitudes toward addiction have shaped medical and institutional responses in the United States since the nineteenth century. This racialization has been made salient by the recent rise in opioid abuse and dependence among whites, which has precipitated unprecedented efforts at caring for individuals with opioid use disorder. Such a response was not mounted in an attempt to treat Native American communities, which have similar rates of opioid overdose mortality as whites, nor was it mobilized in response to past and current drug epidemics in African American communities. Treatment and policy innovations have primarily targeted white communities, under the assumption that medicalization of addiction treatment will reduce stigma in treatment. In this chapter, the authors argue that stratified medicalization furthers racial inequalities in addiction treatment while also failing to reduce treatment stigma even among white Americans. Racialization of opioid use disorder has led to disparate policy and clinical responses, and it has led to criminalization of addiction among nonwhites and medicalization of addiction among whites, thereby deeply influencing and differentiating the experiences of stigma among these groups.
Confirming the multidimensionality of psychological well-being among Korean immigrant mothers in the United States

Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being (PWB) Scale is a theoretically derived instrument that focuses on six dimensions of eudaimonic well-being. Although the PWB scale has been widely used in bot...