cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Organized Co-Operative Campaign Against Grasshoppers in Wisconsin

The purpose of this paper is to record the successful methods used in the cooperative control of grasshoppers on a large scale. A total of over two hundred and fifty tons of mixed bait was spread on about 26.000 acres of landin foruco-operative townships by volunteer labor under supervision of the group of district leaders Sawdust was used as abase of the bait with no bran or middlings, and all “attractants” were abandoned except salt and molasses. The value of molasses is doubtful. The sodium arsenite as a killing agent is superior to white arsenic, being cheaper, perfectly soluble, quick in its action and much easier to mix uniformly with other materials in the bait. The organized co-operative campaign resulted in the year's crops being saved in spite of very heavy grasshopper infestation.
Evidence-based toxicology: Strait is the gate, but the road is worth taking

The concept of evidence-based toxicology (EBT) was proposed in 2006, but progress since that time has been impeded by differing definitions and goals. This paper describes the parallels and discontinuities between the approach and methods of evidence-based medicine and health care and those proposed for toxicology. The critical element of an evidence-based approach for either discipline is the adoption of unbiased, transparent methodologies during the collection, appraisal, and pooling of evidence. This approach, implemented during the conduct of a systematic review, allows evaluation of the breadth and quality of available evidence. At present, systematic reviews are rarely done in toxicology by regulatory agencies, international organizations, or academic scientists. Adopting an EBT approach will necessitate significant changes in practice as well as attention to distinctive characteristics of toxicological studies, notably their emphasis on identifying harms and their reliance on experimental animal studies. An evidence-based approach does not obviate the role of judgment and values in decision making; its goal is to ensure provision of all available information in a transparent and unbiased manner.
Current concepts of bone tissue engineering for craniofacial bone defect repair

Craniofacial fractures and bony defects are common causes of morbidity and contribute to increasing health care costs. Successful regeneration of bone requires the concomitant processes of osteogenesis and neovascularization. Current methods of repair and reconstruction include rigid fixation, grafting, and free tissue transfer. However, these methods carry innate complications, including plate extrusion, nonunion, graft/flap failure, and donor site morbidity. Recent research efforts have focused on using stem cells and synthetic scaffolds to heal critical-sized bone defects similar to those sustained from traumatic injury or ablative oncologic surgery. Growth factors can be used to augment both osteogenesis and neovascularization across these defects. Many different growth factor delivery techniques and scaffold compositions have been explored yet none have emerged as the universally accepted standard. In this review, we will discuss the recent literature regarding the use of stem cells, growth factors, and synthetic scaffolds as alternative methods of craniofacial fracture repair.
Alprazolam for Tinnitus

There is insufficient evidence to support the use of alprazolam in the treatment of tinnitus. The Johnson trial is the only study to date assessing the role of alprazolam, and at best it is an open-label trial demonstrating activity. There is a need for definitive double-blind, controlled, crossover studies of sufficient statistical power to resolve the issue. Furthermore, once efficacy is demonstrated, further studies are needed to determine the appropriate length of therapy, the necessity for maintenance therapy, the role of "drug holidays," appropriate dose tapering schedules, and a more careful delineation of which populations of patients are more likely to respond to alprazolam.
Dependence of the lipolytic action of epinephrine in vitro upon thyroid hormone

The influence of thyroid hormone on the epinephrine-induced release of free fatty acids (FFA) from rat epididymal adipose tissue was studied in vitro. Untreated tissue from euthyroid animals released only small amounts of FFA. However, the tissues responded to treatment with epinephrine with a significant increase in the rate of release of FFA, confirming observations previously reported by others. In the case of fat pads removed from hypothyroid animals, no increase in the rate of release of FFA was observed after epinephrine; in the case of fat pads removed from hyperthyroid animals, the epinephrine-induced release of FFA was markedly exaggerated. This thyroidal enhancement of epinephrine action on the fat pad was not evident when tissues were removed from euthyroid animals 3 hours after intraperitoneal injection of triiodothyronine, but it was maximal in tissues removed after 15 hours from animals that had received repeated intraperitoneal injections of triiodothyronine. When triiodothyronine was added in vitro to fat pads from euthyroid rats, the basal release of FFA was not affected nor was the normal response to epinephrine altered. These studies show that the thyroid hormone is essential for the epinephrine-induced release of FFA from adipose tissue.
Religion and Politics in a Southern Midland Agricultural Town: The Case of Bedford

In many ways, it is easier to assess the course of electoral politics in Bedford than it was in Durham, Nottingham, or Ipswich. For one thing, the borough experienced only the five general elections between 1832 and 1847, and there were no by-elections. Additionally, only five men contested Bedford’s two parliamentary seats in this period—in contrast to Ipswich’s 25!—making it a good deal easier to keep straight various political personalities. With the exception of one man, who contested only a single election, every candidate stood for the borough at least three times, and one candidate stood in every election in the 1830s and 1840s.
The Tracer Study and an Honorary Royal Patron

Though Scholars were successfully and consistently recruited to serve on selection committees, they struggled to reach critical mass in many major cities for group-wide gatherings. On one occasion in the late 1960s, a Scholar from the class of 1954 “as an experiment, to try for a reunion” for New York-based alumni, booked a table for 10 at an Italian restaurant in midtown Manhattan. Sadly, only one other Scholar showed. Additionally, as the alumni population grew, and as the annual awards increased to 24 in 1960 and to 30 in 1973, record keeping became too burdensome for a single volunteer operation (aside from some financial assistance from the Embassy, the AMS had thus far been run by a succession of individuals).
Evaluation of Determinants, Characteristic Equations and Their Roots for a Class of Patterned Matrices

The variance-covariance matrices arising in the analysis of variance, response-surface fitting and order statistics have special patterns expediting and facilitating their algebraic manipulation. By appropriate triangulation and partitioning devices, the determinants of these matrices can be evaluated from general formulae. The characteristic equations, and sometimes their roots, can also be obtained in a direct single step.
Practical Implications for an Effective Radiology Residency Quality Improvement Program for Milestone Assessment.

Utilization of a radiology resident–specific quality improvement (QI) program and curriculum based on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones can enable a program's assessment of the systems-based practice component and prepare residents for QI implementation post graduation. This article outlines the development process, curriculum, QI committee formation, and resident QI project requirements of one institution's designated radiology resident QI program. A method of mapping the curriculum to the ACGME milestones and assessment of resident competence by postgraduate year level is provided. Sample projects, challenges to success, and lessons learned are also described. Survey data of current trainees and alumni about the program reveal that the majority of residents and alumni responders valued the QI curriculum and felt comfortable with principles and understanding of QI. The most highly valued aspect of the program was the utilization of a resident education committee. The majority of alumni responders felt the residency quality curriculum improved understanding of QI, assisted with preparation for the American Board of Radiology examination, and prepared them for QI in their careers. In addition to the survey results, outcomes of resident project completion and resident scholarly activity in QI are evidence of the success of this program. It is hoped that this description of our experiences with a radiology resident QI program, in accordance with the ACGME milestones, may facilitate the development of successful QI programs in other diagnostic radiology residencies.
An extraction-free circuit simulator of linear complexity guided by electromagnetics-based first principles

The prevailing circuit simulation paradigm heavily relies on extraction to perform circuit simulation. In addition, no linear complexity has been reported by existing circuit simulation approaches. In this work, we develop a circuit simulator that bypasses the step of extraction. It produces an RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) representation of the linear network without any numerical computation. Such a representation is inherently passive and stable. In addition, it allows for the simulation of a circuit including both nonlinear devices and the linear network in linear complexity. The proposed circuit simulator rigorously captures the coupling between nonlinear circuits and the linear network. As an added bonus, it possesses electromagnetic-physics based accuracy. Application to very large-scale on-chip circuits involving close to 1 million CMOS transistors and interconnects having hundreds of millions of unknowns has demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed extraction-free circuit simulator.
Modes of Communication Within the Immune System: Action or Reaction?

The immune system is a complex intertwining of individual components who collectively have one major purpose in mind: to recognize and eliminate antigens which are perceived by the immune system to be “different,” i.e. nonself. To do this, and to prevent the immune system from launching an attack on itself which may prove fatal, the immune, system has developed a complex mechanism of regulation which functions remarkably well (most of the time). This system of regulation is based on a system of cellular co-recognition and communication that theories of immunosemiotics are based.
Fatalism and revolution: expanding our understanding of fatalism during a unique political opening in Egypt

ABSTRACTFatalism is the belief that major life events are outside of our individual control. We examine two distinct types of fatalism – theological and empirical fatalism – in Egypt during a unique ‘moment of madness’ immediately following the revolution of 2011 when the political system was in upheaval and many thought all things were politically possible. Drawing on a non-proportional quota survey of 136 Egyptian metropolitan adults in the midst of the 2012 Egyptian Presidential elections, we find that empirical fatalism (belief that fate controls) and theological fatalism (belief that an omniscient God controls) are uncorrelated and have quite distinct social correlates and implications for protest action. Empirical fatalism is tied to being older and female and is a significant deterrent to protest potential. Theological fatalism, which is more widespread, is stronger among the less educated and men but has no effects on protest potential. In contrast with arguments about the anti-modernism of Islami...
Abnormal amniotic fluid volume as a screening test prior to targeted ultrasound.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the association between amniotic fluid volume (AFV) and sonographically detected fetal structural anomalies, and (2) the effectiveness of using abnormal AFV as a screening test prior to patient referral for a targeted ultrasound. MATERIAL/METHODS For singleton pregnancies in the 2nd and 3rd trimester frequencies of individual anomalies and odds ratios were calculated for each category of amniotic fluid volume relative to the frequency of anomalies with normal volume. The anomaly detection rate and frequency of referral for targeted ultrasound on the basis of abnormal amniotic fluid volume were calculated. RESULTS 15,959 (92.0%) of patients had normal amniotic fluid volume, 537 (3.1%) decreased, 544 (3.1%) increased, 167 (1.0%) oligohydramnios, and 141 (0.8%) polyhydramnios. There were 365 (2.1%) fetuses with major structural anomalies. 1.8% of patients with normal AFV had anomalies. Anomalies were significantly more frequent in all categories of abnormal fluid: decreased (3.2%, OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.06-2.86), increased (5.7%, OR 3.22, 95% CI 2.2-4.71), oligohydramnios (9.0%, OR 5.26, 95% CI 3.09-9.05), and polyhydramnios (5.7%, OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.56-6.6). Referral for targeted ultrasound based on any abnormal AFV volume compared to only oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios increased the overall anomaly detection rate by nearly three-fold (19.5% vs. 6.3%), with minimal changes in the number of referrals per anomaly detected (13.4 vs. CONCLUSIONS Referral for targeted ultrasound in the presence of even minor abnormalities of amniotic fluid would significantly improve anomaly detection with minimal increase in referrals.
Nucleotide Dependence of Subunit Rearrangements in Short-Form Rubisco Activase from Spinach

Higher-plant Rubisco activase (Rca) plays a critical role in regulating the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). In vitro, Rca is known to undergo dynamic assembly–disassembly processes, with several oligomer stoichiometries coexisting over a broad concentration range. Although the hexamer appears to be the active form, changes in quaternary structure could play a role in Rubisco regulation. Therefore, fluorescent labels were attached to the C-termini of spinach β-Rca, and the rate of subunit mixing was monitored by measuring energy transfer as a function of nucleotide and divalent cation. Only dimeric units appeared to exchange. Poorly hydrolyzable substrate analogues provided locked complexes with high thermal stabilities (apparent Tm = 60 °C) and an estimated t1/2 of at least 7 h, whereas ATP-Mg provided tight assemblies with t1/2 values of 30–40 min and ADP-Mg loose assemblies with t1/2 values of <15 min. Accumulation of ADP to 20% of the total level of adenine nucleo...
Plasmonic-enhanced electrochemical detection of volatile biomarkers with gold functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays

Abstract Titania nanotubular arrays (TNA) synthesized via electrochemical anodization is a stable and versatile material, widely studied for photocatalytic and sensing applications, whereas nano-sized gold particles are a known plasmonic material. Semiconductor￢ﾀﾓmetal nanocomposites in isolated, embedded, or encapsulated form, when irradiated with proper light frequency can exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. This effect can result in improved light adsorption and electrical properties of a material. In this study, we report the enhanced visible light photo-response of LSPR induced volatile organic biomarker vapor sensing at room temperature using a Au-embedded TNA electrochemical sensor. Two mechanisms are proposed. One based on classical physics (band theory), which explains operation under non-irradiated conditions. The second mechanism is based on the coupling of classical and quantum physics (molecular orbitals), and explains sensor operation under irradiated conditions.
Modeling the Proton Radiation Belt With Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope Data

An empirical model of the proton radiation belt is constructed from data taken during 2013–2017 by the Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescopes on the Van Allen Probes satellites. The model intensity is a function of time, kinetic energy in the range 18–600 MeV, equatorial pitch angle, and L-shell of proton guiding centers. Data are selected, on the basis of energy deposits in each of the 9 silicon detectors, to reduce background caused by hard proton energy spectra at low L. Instrument response functions are computed by Monte Carlo integration, using simulated proton paths through a simplified structural model, to account for energy loss in shielding material for protons outside the nominal field-of-view. Overlap of energy channels, their wide angular response, and changing satellite orientation require the model dependencies on all three independent variables be determined simultaneously. This is done by least-squares minimization with a customized steepest-descent algorithm. Model uncertainty accounts for statistical data error and systematic error in the simulated instrument response. A proton energy spectrum is also computed from data taken during the Jan 8, 2014 solar event, to illustrate methods for the simpler case of an isotropic and homogeneous model distribution. Radiation belt and solar proton results are compared to intensities computed with a simplified, on-axis response that can provide a good approximation under limited circumstances.
Inhibition of apoptosis by BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia

BCR-ABL expression is presumed to effect clonal expansion in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by deregulation of cell proliferation. However, most studies have found that relative rates of cell proliferation are not increased in CML. Moreover, we found that CML progenitors display a normal proliferative response to growth factors and do not manifest greater proliferative potential than normal progenitors. Growth of malignancies depends on an imbalance between the rate of cell production and the rate of cell death. We found that BCR-ABL expression inappropriately prolongs the growth factor-independent survival of CML myeloid progenitors and granulocytes by inhibiting apoptosis, a genetically programmed process of active cell death; inhibition of BCR-ABL expression by antisense oligonucleotides reversed the suppression of apoptosis as well as the enhancement of survival. The decreased rate of programmed cell death appears to be the primary mechanism by which BCR-ABL effects expansion of the leukemic clone in CML.
Solution Dynamics of the TRP-Repressor Studied by NMR Spectroscopy

Motions in proteins generally reflect the flexibility of the structure, which is important for the function of all but the simplest rigid peptides. In recent years detailed studies of internal motions in proteins by NMR have become possible (Englander & Kallenbach, 1984; Palmer, 1993; Wagner, 1993; Jardetzky & Lefevre, 1994). High resolution NMR is unique among physical methods, as it can provide information about motions at individual atomic sites, and therefore allows the construction of motional maps (Jardetzky & Roberts, 1981; Ernst et al., 1987). For studies of protein flexibility and stability, NMR also has a significant advantage of detecting dynamic processes over a wide range of timescales. High frequency motions (sub-nanosecond to millisecond) can be investigated rigorously by heteronuclear relaxation in both laboratory and rotating frames. Slow conformational exchange (with lifetime of exchange ranging from millisecond to seconds and hours) can be investigated by techniques such as magnetization transfer, isotope replacement and lineshape analysis. The question therefore arises: How are the motions detected by NMR related to motions that are essential for function?
Autologous Fat Grafting: A Study of Residual Intracellular Adipocyte Lidocaine

Transplantation of viable adipocytes and precursor cells for contour augmentation, enlargement, or filling of defects has become one of the most common clinical treatments in clinical practice. Based on evidence that lidocaine solution may alter the metabolic activity, evaluation on effects of multiple rinsings is presented. Statistically significant reduction of intracellular lidocaine was documented with such rinsings. It was concluded that a minimal of three rinses utilizing equal volume of saline to graft material achieved substantial reduction of the lipophilic lidocaine concentrations held intracellularly after harvest. Such rinsings did not result in complete removal of lidocaine levels, but did effectively reduce the potential influence of high intracellular lidocaine to the grafted cellular elements. It is believed that high concentrations of retained intracellular lidocaine may inhibit the return to metabolic activities and potentially impact survivability of autologous fat cells and precursor element in grafts.
A Severe Weather Service for Industry

The du Pont Company has recently set up a weather advisory service to supplement United States Weather Bureau services. Installation of weather teletype-writers and instrument facilities enables sp...
Modifiable Failures in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Process and Their Association With Risk of Death

Background & Aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths occur when patients do not receive screening or have inadequate follow-up of abnormal results or when the screening test fails. We have few data on the contribution of each to CRC-associated deaths or factors associated with these events. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern and Southern California systems (55–90 years old) who died of CRC from 2006 through 2012 and had ≥5 years of enrollment before diagnosis. We compared data from patients with those from a matched cohort of cancer-free patients in the same system. Receipt, results, indications, and follow-up of CRC tests in the 10-year period before diagnosis were obtained from electronic databases and chart audits. Results Of 1750 CRC deaths, 75.9% (n = 1328) occurred in patients who were not up to date in screening and 24.1% (n = 422) occurred in patients who were up to date. Failure to screen was associated with fewer visits to primary care physicians. Of 3486 cancer-free patients, 44.6% were up to date in their screening. Patients who were up to date in their screening had a lower risk of CRC death (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.44). Failure to screen, or failure to screen at appropriate intervals, occurred in a 67.8% of patients who died of CRC vs 53.2% of cancer-free patients; failure to follow-up on abnormal results occurred in 8.1% of patients who died of CRC vs 2.2% of cancer-free patients. CRC death was associated with higher odds of failure to screen or failure to screen at appropriate intervals (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–2.77) and failure to follow-up on abnormal results (odds ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 5.26–10.03). Conclusions Being up to date on screening substantially decreases the risk of CRC death. In 2 health care systems with high rates of screening, most people who died of CRC had failures in the screening process that could be rectified, such as failure to follow-up on abnormal findings; these significantly increased the risk for CRC death.
Primary anatomical site, adjuvant therapy, and other prognostic variables for dedifferentiated liposarcoma

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a high-grade, clinically aggressive tumor associated with low survival probabilities. Prognostic variables for DDLPS have not been previously reported in a large patient population. A total of 3573 patients with primary DDLPS were analyzed from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). The 5- and 10-year survival probabilities were calculated, and the groups were compared using log-rank comparisons and multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis. Median survival was also calculated. Males comprised 65% of the cohort, the median age at diagnosis was 64 years of age, and 65.4% of the patients were between 51 and 75 years of age. The most common site for primary tumors is the retroperitoneum or abdomen (59.5%). Head or neck tumors had the best 5-year outcomes (86.4%) followed by extremities (67.1%), pelvis (65.8%), thorax or trunk (58.9%), and finally retroperitoneum or abdomen (42.6%). Best outcomes were noted in the 26- to 50-year-old age group (5-year survival:66.8%), < 10 cm size (5-year survival:66.1%), FNCLCC grade 1 (5-year survival:69.2%), and stage II disease (5-year survival:66.7%). Radiation therapy yielded the best 5-year and 10-year survival probabilities of 59% and 39.3%, respectively. Out of all the adjuvant therapies, the use of radiation resulted in the best 5-year survival of 63.4%. In the largest and most comprehensive study to date on DDLPS, major findings include primary site as a significant prognostic variable with age at presentation, sex, tumor stage, and type of adjuvant therapy significantly impacting overall survival.
THE CORAXENIOLIDES, CONSTITUENTS OF PINK CORAL, CORALLIUM SP.

Abstract From a deep-sea (−350m) gorgonian, Corallium sp., we have isolated five diterpenes, which are structurally related to the xenicins, previously known from soft corals and brown algae. The structure of the principal constituent, coraxeniolide-A (1) was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Spectral analysis and chemical correlations elucidated the structures of coraxeniolides B(3), C(7), C'(10), and of corabohcin (13).
Reflections on enclothed cognition: Commentary on Burns et al.

Abstract The main objectives of this commentary are to discuss the replication study of Adam and Galinsky (2012, Experiment 1) by Burns, Fox, Greenstein, Olbright, and Montgomery, clarify the main idea behind enclothed cognition, supplement the literature review presented by Burns et al., discuss why our original study failed to replicate, and offer potential avenues for future research. Overall, we believe the replication study was conducted competently, and thus the results cast doubt on our finding that wearing a lab coat decreases errors on the Stroop test. At the same time, Burns et al. also identify several successful conceptual replications of our original effects, and we present additional studies that support an enclothed cognition perspective. The sum total of the available data suggests that the core principle of enclothed cognition—what we wear can influence how we think, feel, and act—is generally valid.
Gait Phase Identification During Level, Incline and Decline Ambulation Tasks Using Portable Sonomyographic Sensing

Clinical viability of powered lower-limb assistive devices requires reliable and intuitive control strategies. Stance and swing are the main phases of the gait cycle across different locomotion tasks. Hence, a reliable method to accurately identify these phases can decrease sensing complexity and assist in enabling high-level control of assistive devices. Ultrasound (US) imaging has recently been introduced as a new sensing modality that may provide a solution for intuitive device control. US images of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles were collected in humans during level, incline, and decline ambulation tasks. Five low-level static (i.e. time-independent) features of US images were measured with respect to a reference image, including correlation coefficient, sum of absolute differences, structural similarity index, sum of squared differences, and image echogenicity. Time-derivatives of the static features were also calculated as temporal features. Support vector machine classifiers were trained using these static features to identify the gait phase both dependent and independent of the ambulation tasks. The results indicate an accuracy of 88.3% in identifying the gait phases for task-independent classifiers when trained using only the static features. Performance of the classifiers improved significantly to 92.8% after using the temporal features (p $\lt0.01)$. The algorithm was efficient and the average processing speed was faster than 100 Hz. This study is the first demonstration on use of US imaging to provide continuous estimates of ambulation phase, and on multiple surfaces. These findings suggest task-independent approaches may reliably identify the main phases of the gait cycle. Advancements in this area of study may provide simpler intuitive strategies for high-level assistive device control and increase their clinical relevance.
DIFFUSION ALONG DISLOCATIONS

Thin layers of Au/sup 198/ were deposited on the ends of cyindrical single crystals of silver and diffusion measurements at three temperatures were made using the standard sectioning procedures. (W.D.M.)
Radiology Case 8

Indication for Examination: 20-year-old male presents with right-sided chest pain and dyspnea. On exam, there are diminished breath sounds and hyperresonance on the right.
Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Guangdong province, during winter of 2017-2018

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Guangdong province, during the winter of 2017-2018, to provide evidence for response to the diversity of influenza, in different seasonal patterns. Methods: Data on weekly influenza surveillance from January 2016 to April 2018, were collected in Guangdong. Information on patients with Influenza-like illness (ILI), on influenza virus positive rates and on outbreaks during the winter of 2017 to 2018, was analyzed and compared with those in spring of 2016 and summer of 2017. χ(2) test and Fisher exact test were used. Results: In the above said winter, the average percentage of visits for ILI in 28 hospitals where sentinel surveillance program had been set, was 4.99% (157 235/3 149 656), which was above the level of the same period in the previous five years. The positive rates of influenza virus among samples collected from ILI outpatients and hospitalized cases under severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were 28.33% (2 137/7 543) and 14.93% (256/1 715), with the proportions of B (Yamagata) as 70.43% (1 505/2 137) and 73.05% (187/256) respectively. A total of 257 influenza outbreaks were reported in the winter period, with 82.49% (212/257) occurred in elementary schools. Cases aged 6-14 years occurred in winter and spring appeared of having higher positive rate than those seen in summer (P<0.05) whereas elderly cases aged 60 and above showed higher positive rate in summer than those in winter and spring two seasons (P<0.05). Conclusions: Epidemiological characteristics of influenza appeared in Guangdong province, during the winter from 2017 to 2018, were correlated to Influenza B (Yamagata). Capacity on the implementation of surveillance programs and on the coverage of vaccination should be improved and increased in order to control influenza in different epidemic seasons, in Guangzhou.
Large scale evolutive systems: what can they teach us?

We are used to thinking about evolution in the biological context of the development of lineages of organisms over time, specifically in a natural context. However, complex systems of many types respond to both environmental (external) and internal conditions. In biological contexts, the level of complexity is perhaps higher than in any other, but even much less rich systems include feedback. We begin by considering a number of cosmological examples where the time dependence of a system is affected by random events whose effects are dynamically amplified, and lead to the “success” of certain systems compared to others. We infer that certain salient features of evolution extend beyond the customarily biological, and suggest that a program to harness evolution for material design may be efficacious. This may be retrospective (looking at existing systems for inspiration) or functional (applying the methodology of evolution to design and prototyping). In either case, one should avoid slavish biomimicry, since evolution produces adequate not optimal solutions, and in such complex landscapes, one should seize every possible opportunity to stack the deck in favor of success rather than in favor of fidelity.
Optimizing Connectivity for the Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) aims to establish a network of autonomous vehicles that exchange messages with one another and the infrastructure such as road-side units and a central trust authority. These messages must be secure in transmission to ensure network security and utilize as little resources as possible. Currently, there is much research on the network design and security in the standards for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and 5G mobile networks, but few studies have analyzed resource utilization and optimization. The proposed method applies Prim’s algorithm to a thorough security scheme, Privacy-Preserving Dual Authentication Scheme (PPDAS), to decrease the power consumption. Broadcast-based networks such as DSRC and 5G suffer from a poor power consumption, in a quadratic growth while applying Prim’s achieves a linear growth. Experimentation is performed on multiple security schemes to justify the selection of PPDAS and the overhead applied. The results demonstrate a decrease by a magnitude of 44.57 in power usage for message dissemination. Such results pave the path for a scalable IoV.
What Does It Take to Control a Multi-Channel Linear System With Distributed Feedback?

This paper establishes the essential technique for exponentially stabilizing a jointly controllable, jointly observable, multi-channel linear system at any prescribed convergence rate using a time-invariant distributed linear control. It will be made clear that the well-known fixed spectrum (i.e., the set of fixed modes) of a multi-channel linear system is no longer an obstacle to the effective control of such a system provided that distributed rather than classical decentralized control is used. This is true for both continuous-time and discrete-time systems. Moreover, the effect of transmission delays is also investigated. It will be elucidated why in the face of such delays, exponential stabilization with an arbitrarily fast convergence rate can still be achieved with distributed control, at least for discrete-time multi-channel linear systems.
Offline comparison of processed electroencephalogram monitors for anaesthetic-induced electroencephalogram changes in older adults.

Abstract Background Several devices record and interpret patient brain activity via electroencephalogram (EEG) to aid physician assessment of anaesthetic effect. Few studies have compared EEG monitors on data from the same patient. Here, we describe a set-up to simultaneously compare the performance of three processed EEG monitors using pre-recorded EEG signals from older surgical patients. Methods A playback system was designed to replay EEG signals into three different commercially available EEG monitors. We could then simultaneously calculate indices from the SedLine® Root (Masimo Inc., Irvine, CA, USA; patient state index [PSI]), bilateral BIS VISTA™ (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; bispectral index [BIS]), and Datex Ohmeda S/5 monitor with the Entropy™ Module (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA; E-entropy index [Entropy]). We tested the ability of each system to distinguish activity before anaesthesia administration (pre-med) and before/after loss of responsiveness (LOR), and to detect suppression incidences in EEG recorded from older surgical patients receiving beta-adrenergic blockers. We show examples of processed EEG monitor output tested on 29 EEG recordings from older surgical patients. Results All monitors showed significantly different indices and high effect sizes between comparisons pre-med to after LOR and before/after LOR. Both PSI and BIS showed the highest percentage of deeply anaesthetised indices during periods with suppression ratios (SRs) > 25%. We observed significant negative correlations between percentage of suppression and indices for all monitors (at SR >5%). Conclusions All monitors distinguished EEG changes occurring before anaesthesia administration and during LOR. The PSI and BIS best detected suppressed periods. Our results suggest that the PSI and BIS monitors might be preferable for older patients with risk factors for intraoperative awareness or increased sensitivity to anaesthesia.
Therapeutic targeting with DABIL-4 depletes myeloid suppressor cells in 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer model.

In many solid tumors including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), upregulation of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) has been shown to promote cancer cell proliferation, apoptotic resistance, metastatic potential, and a Th2 response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since immunosuppressive cells in the TME and spleen including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) also express the IL-4R, we hypothesized that selective depletion of IL-4R-bearing cells in TNBC would result in the direct killing of tumor cells and the depletion of immunosuppressive cells and lead to an enhanced antitumor response. To selectively target IL-4R+ cells, we employed DABIL-4, a fusion protein toxin consisting of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused to murine IL-4. As anticipated, DABIL-4 has potent cytotoxic activity against TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate in the murine 4T1 TNBC model that DABIL-4 significantly reduces tumor growth, splenomegaly, and lung metastases. Importantly, we also show that the administration of DABIL-4 results in the selective depletion of MDSCs, TAMs, and regulatory T cells in treated mice, with a concomitant increase in IFN-γ+ CD8 effector T cells in the TME. Since the 4T1 antitumor activity of DABIL-4 was largely diminished in IL-4R knockout mice, we postulate that DABIL-4 functions primarily as an immunotherapeutic by the depletion of MDSCs, TAMs, and regulatory T cells. NanoString analysis of control and treated tumors confirmed and extended these observations by showing a marked decline of mRNA transcripts that are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that DABIL-4 targeting of both tumor and immunosuppressive host cells likely represents a novel and effective treatment strategy for 4T1 TNBC and warrants further study.
Personal Leadership Development Plans: Essentials and Practicum

Personal leadership development plans are fluid documents that open up opportunities, beget more impact, and lead to greater overall satisfaction.
Comics and critical librarianship: Reframing the narrative in academic libraries

With attention span at a premium now more than ever, especially because of stress and anxiety, comics can be a relaxing, fun, and educational way to understand our world. Spanning six sections and ...
Management of Brain Metastases

Brain metastases account for the majority of malignant brain tumors and as newer cancer treatments improve patient survival, the reported incidence of brain metastases is increasing. Lung cancer is the most frequent origin of metastases to the brain, and this diagnosis is associated with significant morbidity as well as decreased quality of life and a worse prognosis. The treatment for brain metastases in NSCLC has historically been local therapy, either surgery or radiation, as many chemotherapies have limited efficacy in the brain. These strategies are highly effective but can be a source of morbidity themselves. Newer systemic therapies, including targeted small molecule drugs and immunotherapy, have shown promise in treating NSCLC associated CNS disease either alone or in combination with local therapies. Increasing evidence for this strategy is accumulating as more clinical trials allow the inclusion of patients with untreated asymptomatic brain metastases. This chapter summarizes the current use of systemic therapy in the treatment of brain metastases in NSCLC.
Explicit closed-form solutions of the initiation conditions for 3DOF galloping or flutter

Abstract The initial conditions of wind-excited multiple degrees of freedom bridge flutter or transmission conductor galloping are often determined through a numerical complex eigenvalue analysis in which one of the modal damping becomes negative. This study presents explicit closed-form solutions of the complex eigenvalue problem in terms of modal frequencies, damping ratios and coupled motions of three degrees of freedom (3DOF) systems influenced by self-excited aerodynamic forces. The framework is first developed for 3DOF coupled bridge flutter considering the fundamental vertical, lateral and torsional modes. It is then applied to 3DOF galloping of ice-accreted transmission conductors where the self-excited forces are modeled from linearization of quasi-steady theory, and the structural coupling resulted from the eccentricities of mass and rigidity are also considered. The general solutions shed clear insights on the influence of aerodynamic force coefficients, structural dynamic parameters and eccentricities on the galloping instability. The accuracy of the proposed solutions is demonstrated using a four-bundled transmission conductor. The generation mechanism of various galloping vibrations with different coupled motions is clarified. The influences on the galloping conditions of ice position, wind direction, structural dynamic parameters and eccentricities as well the modeling of aerodynamic forces induced by torsional velocity of motion are examined.
Restored Eelgrass ( Zostera marina L.) as a Refuge for Epifaunal Biodiversity in Mid-Western Atlantic Coastal Bays

As nearshore ecosystems are increasingly degraded by human activities, active restoration is a critical strategy in ensuring the continued provision of goods and services by coastal habitats. After being absent for nearly six decades, over 1800 ha of the foundational species eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) has been successfully re-established in the coastal bays of the mid-western Atlantic, USA, but nothing is known about the recovery of associated animal communities in this region. Here, we determine the patterns and drivers of functional recovery in epifaunal invertebrates associated with the restored eelgrass habitat from 2001 to 2013. After less than a decade, the invertebrate community in the restored bed was richer, more even, and exhibited greater variation in functional traits than a nearby reference bed. Analysis of a suite of environmental and physical variables using random forests revealed these differences were primarily due to the increasing area and density of eelgrass, a direct consequence of ongoing restoration efforts. Based on analysis of functional traits, we propose that the rapid life histories of constituent organisms may have played a key role in their successful recovery. We also speculate that diverse epifaunal communities may have contributed to the restoration success through a well-described mutualism with eelgrass. Given that restored eelgrass now make up 32 % of total seagrass cover in the mid-Atlantic coastal bays, this restoration may conserve regional biodiversity by providing new and pristine habitat, particularly given the general decline of existing eelgrass in this region.
The world of the revolutionary American republic: Land, labor, and the conflict for a continent

1. Introduction: Conflict for a Continent: Land, Labor, and the State in the Revolutionary American Republic, Andrew Shankman Section I: Movement and Mastery: Eighteenth Century Origins of the Revolutionary Republic 2. Movement of Ideas, Movement of Goods: The British Empire in Theory and Practice, Zara Anishanslin 3. Slavery and the Causes of the American Revolution In Plantation British America, Trevor Burnard 4. Native Nations in the Age of Revolution, Christina Snyder Section II: The Quest for Continental Control 5. Independent for Whom?: Expansion and Conflict in the South and Southwest, Kathleen DuVal 6. Independence for Whom?: Expansion and Conflict in the Northeast and Northwest, Alyssa Mt. Pleasant 7. "Such Things Ought Not to Be:" The American Revolution and the First National Great Depression, Allan Kulikoff 8. Consolidating a Revolutionary Republic, Max M. Edling 9. The Empire of Liberty: Land of the Free, Home of the Slave, Peter Onuf 10. Atlantic Antislavery, American Ambition: The Problem of Slavery in the United States in an Age of Disruption, 1770-1808, James Alexander Dun 11. The War of 1812: The Struggle for a Continent, Alan Taylor 12. The Theory of Civilized Sentiments: Emotion and the Creation of the United States, Nicole Eustace Section III: Internal and External Conflicts: The Emergence of a Continental Hegemon 13. Natural Rights and National Greatness: Economic Ideology and Social Policy in the American States, 1780s-1820s, J.M. Opal 14. Land Conflict and Land Policy in the United States, 1785-1841, Reeve Huston 15. The "High-road to a Slave Empire:" Conflict and the Growth and Expansion of Slavery on the North American Continent, John Craig Hammond 16. Dissenters from the Mainstream: the National and International Dimensions of Moral Reform, Emily Conroy-Krutz 17. The Pendulum Swings: The Rise of an Anti-Slavery Sentiment between the American Revolution and the Civil War, Richard Newman 18. The World the Slaveholders Craved: Proslavery Internationalism in the 1850s, Matthew Karp 29. The Republic in Peril: Expansion, the Politics of Slavery, and the Crisis of the 1850s, Michael A. Morrison
Do categories have politics

Drawing on writings within the CSCW community and on recent social theory, this paper proposes that the adoption of speech act theory as a foundation for system design carries with it an agenda of discipline and control over organization members' actions. I begin with a brief review of the language/action perspective introduced by Winograd, Flores and their colleagues, focusing in particular on the categorization of speakers' intent. I then turn to some observations on the politics of categorization and, with that framework as back-ground, consider the attempt, throughthe coordinator, to implement a technological system for intention-accounting within organizations. Finally, I suggest the implications of the analysis presented in the paper for the politics of CSCW systems design.
Timber in Missouri, 1972

The third inventory of Missouri's timber resource shows a small gain in growing-stock volume and a somewhat larger gain in sawtimber volume since 1959. Area of commercial forest declined sharply between surveys. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, and forest management opportunities.
Global Sales Management

The sales-related operational decisions and personnel actions that firm managers engage in when selling in overseas markets that differ in cultural, legal, social, and economic practices. Sales executives and managers must master the challenges of working across national and cultural borders found in today's global economy. Global sales management can be divided into sales strategies and human resource practices. For example, the firm must determine whether they should partner with companies that can sell their product or introduce a mix of expatriate, local, and third-countries sales staff. Owing to different cultural and managerial practices in overseas locations, managing disparate salespersons is a complex and frustrating experience. Keywords: culture; partnerships; ethnocentrism; global account management; marketing strategy
An optimization approach for making causal inferences

To make causal inferences from observational data, researchers have often turned to matching methods. These methods are variably successful. We address issues with matching methods by redefining the matching problem as a subset selection problem. Given a set of covariates, we seek to find two subsets, a control group and a treatment group, so that we obtain optimal balance, or, in other words, the minimum discrepancy between the distributions of these covariates in the control and treatment groups. Our formulation captures the key elements of the Rubin causal model and translates nicely into a discrete optimization framework.