cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone, a Polypeptide Acquiring Hormonal Status*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the characteristics of epidermal growth factor—urogastrone, a polypeptide acquiring hormonal status. The discovery, isolation, and complete sequence determination of two related polypeptides, one from the mouse and the other from man, that are both highly potent stimulators of cellular proliferation and inhibitors of gastric acid secretion is described. The structure of human urogastrone is determined by Cohen who isolated two polypeptides from human urine concentrates, both of which are observed to interact with the same membrane receptor and one of which is demonstrated to be an active mitogen both in vivo and in vitro. The physicochemical data obtained by Cohen and colleagues suggest that the polypeptides isolated are the same as the isolated urogastrones. Human urine provides the richest convenient source of human epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (hEGF-URO). By radioreceptor assay, it can be estimated that random urine samples from male donors contain, on average, about 9.5 nmol/liter. The isolation requires the initial preparation from urine of either tannic acid-acetone or benzoic acid-acetone powder of urinary proteins, followed by multiple gel filtration and ion exchange steps.
Oxygenation in cervical cancer and normal uterine cervix assessed using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI at 3T

Hypoxia is reported to be a biomarker for poor prognosis in cervical cancer. However, a practical noninvasive method is needed for the routine clinical evaluation of tumor hypoxia. This study examined the potential use of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast MRI as a noninvasive technique to assess tumor vascular oxygenation at 3T. Following Institutional Review Board-approved informed consent and in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, successful results were achieved in nine patients with locally advanced cervical cancer [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIA to IVA] and three normal volunteers. In the first four patients, dynamic T₂*-weighted MRI was performed in the transaxial plane using a multi-shot echo planar imaging sequence whilst patients breathed room air followed by oxygen (15 dm³/min). Later, a multi-echo gradient echo examination was added to provide quantitative R₂* measurements. The baseline T₂*-weighted signal intensity was quite stable, but increased to various extents in tumors on initiation of oxygen breathing. The signal in normal uterus increased significantly, whereas that in the iliacus muscle did not change. R₂* responded significantly in healthy uterus, cervix and eight cervical tumors. This preliminary study demonstrates that BOLD MRI of cervical cancer at 3T is feasible. However, more patients must be evaluated and followed clinically before any prognostic value can be determined.
Acting from Shakespeare's First Folio: Theory, Text and Performance

Dedication Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1. First Folio Acting Techniques: Richard Flatter, Neil Freeman and Patrick Tucker 2. F1 Techniques and the Death of the Bibliographer 3. F1 Techniques in Performance: The Original Shakespeare Company and the International Shakespeare's Globe Center Notes Works Cited Index
Current status of epitaxial 1.31-1.55 /spl mu/m VCSELs on InP

We have reviewed the recent research carried out to realize all-epitaxial VCSELs at long wavelengths. Shortcomings of the InP materials system were overcome by the use of AsSb-based alloys for DBRs and multiple active regions to combat low gain materials. The inclusion of InP spreading layers was seen to greatly improve the thermal properties of the devices. Two apertures were developed for the optical and current confinement. Careful placement of these apertures is expected to improve the VCSEL performance considerably.
High Nutrient Intakes—The Toxicologist's View

At sufficiently high intake all substances, including essential nutrients, can be toxic. Toxicity may be described by characteristics of the symptoms (identity, severity and degree of persistence) and by the dose-response relationship (threshold, slope, limit, susceptibility to modulation by other substances and tendency to bioaccumulate). Some nutrient toxicities are deleterious exaggerations of essential functions, whereas others are not. The therapeutic indices for nutrients should be defined as the ratio of the lowest toxic dose to the recommended intake, the ratio of the medians of the effective and the toxic doses commonly used in pharmacology. For infant formulas, a ratio of the lowest toxic concentration to the maximum concentration allowed is an analogous ratio. Nutrients with low therapeutic indices and small physical size of a toxic dose require special caution to avoid excessive intake. Modulation of absorption, metabolism or excretion, as well as the physiological state of the exposed individual, may alter the minimum toxic intake of a nutrient and hence alter the risk of toxicity. Extrapolation to estimate the toxic dose can be made on the basis of body weight, body surface area or food intake. Nutrient minimums and maximums in infant formula are set on a 100-kcal basis and thus are related to heat loss and surface area. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity cases on a dose per 100-kcal basis suggest that the current maximum in infant formula is appropriate. Extrapolation from toxicity data in adults can be made on the dose per 100-kcal basis to estimate appropriate infant formula maximums for nutrients for which maximums have not been set.
BT Middleware — software as infrastructure

BT Middleware has been in production use since 1987. Every working day a user population of 60 000 people execute 25 million transactions on systems that generate in excess of 70% of BT‘s revenues. BT Middleware is installed on 32 production mainframe instances. BT Middleware provides both a development and run-time environment for applications that is controlled and manageable. Application standards can be enforced providing reuse of common code as well as common ‘look and feel‘ user interfaces. The use of BT Middleware has allowed the rapid implementation of leading edge solutions to pressing business requirements and Middleware is evolving to allow BT‘s operational support systems (OSS) to participate seamlessly in complex distributed architectures. The future for BT‘s OSS lies in their ability to integrate with new applications developed on open systems platforms. BT Middleware has been evolving to provide the required interconnection capabilities and now supports numerous batch and on-line interfaces via strategic infrastructure products. This paper describes the major Middleware infrastructure components developed and supported by BT‘s London Software Engineering Centre that allow the company‘s huge investment in OSS to be exploited in today‘s environment.
Mispredicted Path Cache Effects

As superscalar pipelines become wider and deeper, the percentage of dynamic instructions fetched into the machine from the mispredicted path significantly increases. This paper discusses how a new cycle-accurate performance simulator is used to accurately measure mispredicted path effects on the cache hierarchy. Previously published results based on less accurate tools indicated that mispredicted path instructions have the serendipitous positive effect of doing memory prefetching. Our results show that while such prefetching does occur for some benchmarks, it does not occur consistently for all benchmarks. Furthermore the IPC impact varies widely among the benchmarks. SPECint95 benchmarks show IPC changes ranging from -8% to +12%.
Using Ada on an IBM personal computer

The authors present some of the experiences resulting from using an Ada language system in developing programs that allow designers to develop models of communications networks for the future. The models were developed at the macro level. The circuit-switched model was translated from Fortran into Ada. The packet-switched model was written directly in Ada. The program development has been very successful using the Ada language systems. >
Hessian facilitated analysis of optimally controlled quantum dynamics of systems with coupled primary and secondary states

The efficacy of optimal control of quantum dynamics depends on the topology and associated local structure of the underlying control landscape defined as the objective as a function of the control field. A commonly studied control objective involves maximization of the transition probability for steering the quantum system from one state to another state. This paper invokes landscape Hessian analysis performed at an optimal solution to gain insight into the controlled dynamics, where the Hessian is the second-order functional derivative of the control objective with respect to the control field. Specifically, we consider a quantum system composed of coupled primary and secondary subspaces of energy levels with the initial and target states lying in the primary subspace. The primary and secondary subspaces may arise in various scenarios, for example, respectively, as sub-manifolds of ground and excited electronic states of a poly-atomic molecule, with each possessing a set of rotational-vibrational levels. The control field may engage the system through electric dipole transitions that occur either (I) only in the primary subspace, (II) between the two subspaces, or (III) only in the secondary subspace. Important insights about the resultant dynamics in each case are revealed in the structural patterns of the corresponding Hessian. The Fourier spectrum of the Hessian is shown to often be complementary to mechanistic insights provided by the optimal control field and population dynamics.
Integrated-optic lossless beamsplitters

Erbium-doped thin-film waveguides are promising as loss-compensating devices for various photonic integrated circuits. We have addressed major challenges in the development of lossless splitters based on the Er-doped glass films: the requirement of high Er concentrations, the fabrication of quality waveguides, and the development of suitable architectures for beamsplitting and for signal and pump combining and separating, and the limitations of maximum-obtainable gain of Er-doped thin-film amplifiers. Based on these results, we have successfully developed integrated-optic, lossless splitters. The fabricated devices clearly demonstrate lossless transmission of an optical signal at 1.54 (mu) m wavelength through a 1x2 splitter and an Er-doped amplifier that are monolithically integrated on the same substrate.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A person-centered approach to individualizing a school-based universal preventive intervention.

Background/Objectives: This manuscript focuses on how individualized components may be embedded within a universal preventive intervention (TimeWise: Taking Charge of Leisure Time) to make program delivery more effective. Leisure related variables (motivation, boredom/interest and peer and parental influence) were used to suggest ways to individualize the program. Methods: Latent Class Analysis was used to develop individualized risk and strength profiles of adolescents (N = 617). Comparisons were made between a treatment and control group. Results: Four classes were identified: undifferentiated high, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation/amotivation, undifferentiated low. These classes were related to substance use. Membership in the intrinsic class was associated with intervention group while the extrinsic class was related to the control group. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Results were useful in suggesting ways to tailor a universal prevention program.
A description of the University of Illinois meteor radar system and some first results

A recently established meteor radar system for observing motions in the upper atmosphere is described, which features a peak transmitter power of 5 megawatts. This large peak power should allow a much greater number of wind determination during a fixed period of time than other meteor radar stations. The essential features of the range algorithm, two velocity algorithms, and the interferometer phase difference algorithm in use are described. A typical measured variation in the radial southward wind as a function of time of day based on data from all altitudes is shown as an example, and some results of spectral analysis of the data, yielding amplitude and phase variation with altitude for significant waves, is discussed.
A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa

The earliest tetrapods known are from two or three Upper Devonian1–3 and some 20 Lower Carboniferous localities in Scotland4 and North America5–8. Most sites yield few and fragmentary specimens; well-preserved and even partially articulated material is exceedingly rare. This report discusses a middle Lower Carboniferous site rich in amphibian and fish remains discovered near Delta, south-east Iowa, and represents the first Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality found in mid-continental North America. The bones occur within collapse-structures or depressions, and appear to represent a fresh- or brackish-water pond fauna. The Delta site contains the oldest well-preserved tetrapod fauna in North America, and one of the oldest in the world. Several hundred tetrapod fossils have been collected to date, with excavation somewhat more than half completed. Specimens range from isolated bones to articulated, nearly complete skeletons of at least two apparently new amphibian species. This material will make an important contribution to knowledge of the mor-phology and interrelationships of early tetrapods.
International studies: Cultural awakening or neocolonialism

Abstract The introduction of “non‐western” subject matter into the U.S. university curriculum, originating from military requirements during World War II, ranks as a major educational achievement but also as an ambiguous commentary on the relationship between state and academy. Whatever the balance sheet shows as between the value of widening intellectual horizons and the danger of threatened academic integrity, the impetus that drove non‐western studies slackened perceptibly from the 1970s onward, and the programs that had been so innovative began to stagnate. A seemingly modest research project and technique, pioneered by a Native American tribe and based on the “values orientations” work of Florence Kluckhohn, offers, because its guiding principles are so closely akin to the spirit of non‐western studies, a possible source of renewed academic momentum.
Multivariate approach for chlorophyll-a and suspended matter retrievals in Case II type waters using hyperspectral data

AbstractRemote sensing has become promising in providing temporal and spatial information on biogeodynamics in large and open freshwater bodies. In optically complex environments, such as in the Western Basin of Lake Erie (WBLE), the water contains multiple biogeochemical constituents or colour producing agents (CPAs), such as phytoplankton, suspended matter and dissolved organic carbon; identifying and analysing such in-water constituents is crucial for understanding and assessing many biogeochemical processes. For example, concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter can be used as proxies to assess phytoplankton dynamics and particulate loading. However, quantitative estimation of their concentrations from satellite observations is complicated when working with mixed spectral signatures. Hyperspectral remote sensing is fast emerging as a key technology for advanced and improved understanding of optically complex waters. This study estimates concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total suspen...
Differences in the Transmissibility of Two Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains by the North American Tick Vector Species, Ixodes Pacificus and Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)

The etiologic agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, has a circum-global distribution within the northern hemisphere and shows a host species predilection that varies by the geographic region in which the disease is found. Adaptation by the bacterium to a host species potentially contributes to the variation found worldwide but this is confounded by the bacterium's relationship with its tick vectors, all of which belong to the Ixodes ricinus group. We tested the hypothesis that tick vector species collected from geographic regions sympatric with particular A. phagocytophilum strains will show evidence of a higher degree of vector competence than will tick species and allopatric A. phagocytophilum strains. A reciprocal cross-transmission experiment was performed using an eastern and a western North American strain of A. phagocytophilum (Webster and MRK, respectively) and the two tick species, I. scapularis and I. pacificus, most commonly associated with human and animal transmission of the bacteria in the United States. The western tick, I. pacificus, showed a significantly higher vector competence for A. phagocytophilum than I. scapularis and the eastern isolate, Webster, was more transmissible than its western counterpart, MRK. These results indicate that geographic variation in host susceptibility to A. phagocytophilum strains may play a more important role in the epidemiology of granulocytic anaplasmosis than does the competence of its tick vectors to transmit the pathogen.
Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Transitional Flow Over Oscillating Airfoil

A numerical investigation of unsteady transitional flow over an oscillating NACA 0012 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 44,000 and reduced frequency of 0.2 is carried out and the results are compared with experimental data. The Navier-Stokes equations defined on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian coordinates are solved by a time-accurate finite volume method that incorporates an incremental pressure equation for the conservation of mass. The transitional turbulence field is described by multiple-time-scale turbulence equations. The numerical method successfully predicts the large dynamic stall vortex (DSV) and the trailing edge vortex (TEV) that are periodically generated by the oscillating airfoil. The numerical results show that the transition from laminar to turbulent state and relaminarization occur widely in time and in space. The calculated streaklines and the ensemble-averaged velocity profiles are in good agreement with the measured data
Learning about data integration challenges from day one

I describe the format of the new version of an introductory database course that I taught at the University ofWashington inWinter, 2003. The key idea underlying the course is to expose the students to some of the challenges that arise when working with and integrating data from multiple database systems and applications.
Removal of contaminants by plasma assisted cleaning by metastable atom neutralization (PACMAN)

For the continued advancement of lithography, specifically extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), particle contamination on the photomask and the subsequent removal of these particles is of critical importance. Particle contamination on the photomasks can result in defects printed on devices and their subsequent failure and/or process throughput reduction. A new idea for the removal of these particles is to utilize the energy in metastable species in a plasma. In a laboratory or processing plasma where ionization fraction is relatively low, there exists metastable species with long lifetimes that have significant energy, in some cases on the order of ~20 eV. Through a combined process of ion bombardment as well as the energy transferred from the neutralization of the metastable species, particles on a surface can be reduced to volatile compounds which can be pumped off of the surface thus reducing the particle contamination on the surface. Preliminary results for the removal of polystyrene latex (PSL) nano particles on low resistivity silicon wafers have shown approximately 20 nm/min removal rates. The removal rate obtained through the use of the PACMAN technique is much faster compared to just metastable cleaning alone. The current results of the removal of particles via the PACMAN technique will be presented as well as a damage assessment if any caused by this process.
Kinetoplastid RNA editing: in vitro formation of cytochrome b gRNA-mRNA chimeras from synthetic substrate RNAs.

Abstract RNA editing in the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei results in the addition and deletion of uridine residues within several mitochondrial mRNAs. The site and number of uridines added appears to be directed by small (∼70 nt) guide RNAs (gRNAs), which can base pair to the edited sequences. We examined reactions involving synthetic cytochrome b (CYb) gRNA and pre-edited mRNA in vitro. A major product of the in vitro reaction is a chimeric RNA molecule containing both gRNA and mRNA sequences. Formation of the CYb gRNA-mRNA chimera was specific, since such molecules did not accumulate when either the gRNA or mRNA was substituted with control RNAs. The reaction required a free 3′ hydroxyl on the gRNA and was unaffected by capping of the gRNA's 5′ end. Direct RNA sequencing indicated that the CYb gRNA is covalently linked via its 3′ poly(U) tail to one of the editing sites on the CYb mRNA. These results suggest that the U's added during editing are donated by the poly(U) tail of a gRNA via a chimeric gRNA-mRNA intermediate.
Targeting ion channels for cancer therapy by repurposing the approved drugs

Ion channels have been shown to be involved in oncogenesis and efforts are being poured in to target the ion channels. There are many clinically approved drugs with ion channels as "off" targets. The question is, can these drugs be repurposed to inhibit ion channels for cancer treatment? Repurposing of drugs will not only save investors' money but also result in safer drugs for cancer patients. Advanced bioinformatics techniques and availability of a plethora of open access data on FDA approved drugs for various indications and omics data of large number of cancer types give a ray of hope to look for possibility of repurposing those drugs for cancer treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
Glass to metal heat flow during glass container forming

Abstract A mathematical method of determining the glass to metal heat flux during an I.S. forming cycle is presented. The method utilizes a finite difference model to calculate heat flow within the forming implements which contact the glass. Experimental interior and exterior surface temperatures of these forming implements are used in the calculation of heat flux across the metal surfaces. The calculated heat flux across the glass-metal boundaries is presented for a typical blow and blow cycle on an I.S. machine. The effect upon heat flux of various functions such as settle blow, counter blow, etc., are clearly evident.
Resonance ionization mass spectrometry of technetium

Abstract Three-photon, two-color resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) is described for technetium. The wavelengths used to effect ionization of Tc are between 420 and 620 nm. Twenty-two unique ionization paths originating in the atomic ground state are observed and identified. An unknown fraction of the sample Tc is vaporized in molecular form and cannot be addressed by normal atomic photoionization methods.
Comparing Lo/Ld Membrane Thickness Mismatch and Miscibility Transition Temperatures using Fluorescence and Atomic Force Microscopy

Micron-scale coexisting liquid phases appear in lipid bilayers composed of, at minimum, a ternary mixture of lipids and sterols. Lipids that are predominantly found in the liquid ordered membrane phase (the Lo phase as opposed to the liquid disordered Ld phase) feature long, saturated carbon chains that pack with high order at high areal densities [Veatch et al.BJ 2004]. Membrane thickness is an especially interesting parameter due to its effects on the trafficking and function of membrane proteins [Simons and Sampaio, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2011]. Experimental results [Garcia-Saez et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2007] present the trend that miscibility transition temperatures increase with increasing thickness difference between the domains and the surrounding membrane. Here we test the robustness of this result by applying the same techniques (fluorescence microscopy and room temperature atomic force microscopy) to different lipid mixtures than those studied by Garcia-Saez et al.
The use of silicon carbide as a tritium permeation barrier

Abstract Vapor deposited silicon carbide has a very low tritium diffusivity and solubility. When these characteristics are combined with its very good thermal properties, silicon carbide appears to be an excellent tritium permeation barrier for use in fusion reactors and other applications. Calculations were performed to compare the tritium retention in bare graphite and graphite coated with a thin layer of silicon carbide. The coated graphite retained several orders of magnitude less tritium than the bare material. Similar calculations showed a beryllium/copper duplex structure coated with silicon carbide to allow several orders of magnitude less tritium permeation than an uncoated structure.
Variational principles for incremental finite element methods

Abstract Effects of equilibrium imbalance and compatibility mismatch at the beginning of each loading increment are included in the development of variational principles for incremental finite element solutions of small deflection problems in solid continua. Variational principles of the conventional type and modified principles with relaxed continuity requirements along element boundaries are presented. Remarks on applications to elastic–plastic analysis and extensions to large deflection theories of elastostatics are included.
Preservation of Function in Genitourinary Cancers: Psychosexual and Psychosocial Issues

GU cancers are commonly associated with treatment-related sexual dysfunction, varying from mild to severe. For the clinical oncologist, it is important to be aware that sexual problems or sexual dysfunction may occur as a result of any aspect of cancer and cancer treatment. Sexual function is sensitive to the effects of trauma, both physical and emotional. This is particularly the case for patients whose cancer affects their genitals. Despite some commonalities of psychosocial and psychosexual issues in GU patients across diagnostic categories, GU patients do not present as one distinct, homogeneous group. GU neoplasms, with the exception of bladder cancer, affect mostly men. Men and women tend to differ in their ways of dealing with emotional distress and physical illness. While the man may typically do well using denial as a defense and may not want to discuss his feelings about his diagnosis and treatment, his partner may suffer if her way of coping is oriented toward communicating thoughts and feelings about the situation. Another important difference in this population is related to age and developmental differences. Testicular cancer typically is diagnosed in young men between the ages of 15 and 34 (46). The patients often still live with their parents or have just formed families of their own. In contrast, prostate cancer is diagnosed in older men, who are at a completely different stage in their lives when they have to deal with this challenge. Developmental stage at the time of diagnosis and treatment is an important variable in adaptation to cancer (47). Since GU malignancies and their treatments directly or indirectly affect sexual organs and sexual functioning, issues of sexual body image and identity as men or women are frequent concerns for GU patients. This is most obviously the case for men facing penectomy or orchiectomy. Similarly, women undergoing cystectomy with its simultaneous removal of uterus, ovaries, and parts of the vaginal wall face issues regarding their femininity as well as doubts about future sexual functioning. However, body image concerns are not limited to these two groups but may affect any cancer patient. The experience of having lost all hair due to chemotherapy, bearing of surgical scars, lost or altered functioning, and just the realization of having had cancer may change the way a patient feels about his/her body permanently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P53-induced microRNA-107 inhibits HIF-1 and tumor angiogenesis

The pathway involving the tumor suppressor gene TP53 can regulate tumor angiogenesis by unclear mechanisms. Here we show that p53 regulates hypoxic signaling through the transcriptional regulation of microRNA-107 (miR-107). We found that miR-107 is a microRNA expressed by human colon cancer specimens and regulated by p53. miR-107 decreases hypoxia signaling by suppressing expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1β (HIF-1β). Knockdown of endogenous miR-107 enhances HIF-1β expression and hypoxic signaling in human colon cancer cells. Conversely, overexpression of miR-107 inhibits HIF-1β expression and hypoxic signaling. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-107 in tumor cells suppresses tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and tumor VEGF expression in mice. Finally, in human colon cancer specimens, expression of miR-107 is inversely associated with expression of HIF-1β. Taken together these data suggest that miR-107 can mediate p53 regulation of hypoxic signaling and tumor angiogenesis.
Increased Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Like Substance in Plasma from a Subset of Middle-Aged or Elderly Male Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuria or Proteinuria*

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent endothelial cell growth factor that does not normally circulate in healthy nonpregnant adults. bFGF has been reported in plasma from patients with certain tumors consistent with a postulated role in tumor angiogenesis. In the present study we used an endothelial cell bioassay to test for a bFGF-like substance in plasma and urine from patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We found increased bFGF immunoreactivity that correlated with bFGF-like endothelial cell growth-promoting activity in plasma from a subset of diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria. Plasma (bFGF-like) growth-promoting activity was significantly correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (P < 0.05), but not patient age, race, degree of proteinuria, or systolic blood pressure. In a group of microalbuminuric or proteinuric diabetic subjects well matched according to baseline clinical characteristics, plasma (bFGF-like) growth-promoting activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) in the subgroup of patients who were being treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor simultaneous to blood drawing for plasma growth assay. In patients not treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, multiple regression analysis showed that retinopathy was the only variable significantly associated with plasma growth-promoting activity. These results imply that plasma bFGF endothelial cell growth-promoting activity is increased and may contribute to pathophysiology in a heterogeneous subset of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with persistent microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria.
Computation of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Mistuned Bladed Disk

This paper deals with fundamental aspects of variations in eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a bladed disk due to mistuning. First, the existence of derivatives of repeated eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors is thoroughly examined. Next, an algorithm is developed to compute these derivatives. It is shown how a Taylor series expansion can be used to efficiently compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a mistuned system. This methodology is developed for perturbations in both repeated and unrepeated eigenvalues of the tuned system. Lastly, numerical examples are presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Molekulare Organisation und Signaltransduktion an Kontaktstellen zwischen Membranen

Oberflachen schaffen eine Umgebung, in der zahlreiche Krafte zusammenwirken und dabei eine Vielzahl komplexer chemischer Prozesse auslosen. Dies gilt vor allem fur Zellmembranen, deren Fluiditat und Flexibilitat eine Antwort auf chemische Wechselwirkungen an der Oberflache ermoglichen, wie man sie bei anorganischen Materialien in dieser Form nicht findet. Die Bildung raumlicher Proteinmuster an Membranoberflachen im Bereich von Membrankontaktstellen liefert viele Beispiele fur solche Phanomene und spielt daruber hinaus eine wichtige Rolle bei der interzellularen Signaltransduktion. Entsprechend interessieren sich sowohl Physikochemiker als auch Zellbiologen fur Wechselwirkungen an Membranoberflachen. Aktuelle, fachubergreifende Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Proteinmustern in immunologischen Synapsen und zur Rekonstitution und Manipulation von Membranen unter Verwendung moderner bildgebender Verfahren werden in diesem Aufsatz vorgestellt.
Effects of dietary sewage solids on second-generation ewes fed an experimental diet from weaning through two reproductive cycles

Eighteen fine-wool ewe lambs produced by mature, conventionally fed dams and 21 similar offspring from sewage-fed ewes were randomly allotted at weaning to one of two groups. Half of the lambs from each maternal diet group received a conventional (18% protein) diet during the growing phase while the remainder was fed the conventional diet plus 7% undigested, irradiated sewage solids (18% protein). At the end of the 147-day growing period and just before a fall breeding season, conventionally fed ewe lambs were switched to a control diet (12% protein) suitable for mature ewes and sewage-fed ewe lambs began receiving the control diet plus 7% sewage solids. Animals received these diets for two years. Maternal sewage consumption did not influence performance of F1 ewe lambs. By the beginning of the first breeding season, controls were heavier (P 0.10) between the two groups. Offspring from the sewage-fed ewe lambs, however, weighed less (P<0.05) at weaning than did lambs produced by control animals. Results indicate that a diet containing 7% sewage solids may not be suitable for preparing ewe lambs to go into the breeding flock; once mature size is attained, however, reproductive performance is not hampered by sewage feeding.
Partial Differential Equation-Based Applications and Solvers At Extreme Scale

Partial differential equation-based applications of multi-scale, multiphysics phenomena have driven the quest for extreme architectural scales since the foundation of modern digital computing and will continue to be principal among a broader set of science drivers for the foreseeable future. However, scientific and engineering drivers ceased long ago to dominate the computing industry and any commercially viable path to the petascale would seem to be through architectures that are assembled from components designed without the balance of resources required by scientific and engineering simulations foremost in mind. Concurrency will be massive and will involve many cores sharing common memory at the finest scales and severely dividing available memory bandwidth. As a result, algorithm designers will have to look beyond the message-passing-based SPMD paradigm that dominates todayâs most successful large-scale applications and solver frameworks, with stronger than ever emphasis on locality or operands and synchronization avoidance.
Heme oxygenase: protective gene or Trojan horse.

The induction of heme oxygenase-1 in mouse cardiac allografts that do not show accelerated arteriosclerosis suggests that this enzyme may protect against the chronic rejection of transplants (pages 1392–1396).
Serum Arabinitol Concentrations and Arabinitol/Creatinine Ratios in Invasive Candidiasis

Serum arabinitol concentrations and arabinitol/creatinine ratios were determined in 25 cancer patients with invasive candidiasis, 73 severely ill cancer patients who did not have invasive candidiasis, and 15 uninfected patients with chronic renal failure. Elevated arabinitol concentrations were found in patients with renal failure and invasive candidiasis. Serum arabinitol concentrations exceeded 1.19 micrograms/ml in 13 of 18 patients with invasive candidiasis who were studied when renal function was normal and in three of 52 control patients. Among patients with renal failure, 10 of 14 with invasive candidiasis but only four of 36 control patients had serum arabinitol concentrations of greater than 5.85 micrograms/ml. Serum arabinitol and creatinine concentrations were strongly correlated. The arabinitol/ creatinine ratio exceeded 1.5 in 16 of 25 patients with invasive candidiasis but in only three of 88 control patients. Increased serum arabinitol concentrations appear to reflect increased production of arabinitol by yeast in individuals with invasive candidiasis.
B-natriuretic Peptide: A Helpful Clinical Marker After Norwood I

Amplified cardiac B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression results from ventricular volume or pressure overload. Clinicians have used BNP levels when evaluating cardiac performance in patients with varied clinical conditions. We report a case in which BNP levels helped guide early catheterization intervention in a patient after stage 1 Norwood palliation.
Imitative Aggression with Adult Male and Female Models in Father Absent and Father Present Negro Boys.

Summary Young Negro boys from father present and father absent homes showed similar aggressive behavior after viewing films of Negro adult male or female models behaving aggressively. In a control condition father present and absent boys showed similar aggressive behavior without seeing any film. For both groups of boys, there was significantly less aggression in the female model condition than in either the male model or the control, no model conditions, suggesting an inhibitory effect of the female model.
Development of the skewed rotation plane (SRP) waist joint for humanoid robots

As humanoid robotics advances beyond bipedal walking, complex motions involving the whole body are necessary. Most recent humanoids represent the range of motion of the human spine with a single rotation joint. While this joint allows the body to swing during dynamic walking, any bending must be performed only with the legs. This paper develops a skewed rotation plane (SRP) waist joint to give a humanoid robot the same range of torso motion as a human. The SRP design reduces holding torque compared to a orthogonal-axis joint. An inverse kinematics solver using Jacobian Pseudo-inverse was developed to produce smooth torso orientation trajectories. Finally, a mechanical prototype developed and fitted to Drexel University's Jaemi Hubo to verify and validate the model.
Static rotation and quasiclassical total cross sections for atom-rigid rotor scattering:4He + I*2(j = 12) → 4He + I*2 (j1)☆

Abstract Rotationally inelastic cross sections have been calculated according to a quantal static rotation (sudden) approximation and the quasiclassical method for 4 He + I * 2 ( j = 12) (rigid rotor) at an initial relative kinetic energy of 0.04 eV. Comparison of the two sets of results shows excellent agreement. In addition, normalized static rotation results are in excellent agreement with experiment.
The Edison medalist

I AM BOTH PLEASED and honored to have a part in this program of recognition of Vladimir K. Zworykin — pleased because Zworykin and I have been together as friend and associate for more than 20 years — honored because the Edison Medal ceremony is a profound reminder of meritorious achievement.
Generalization of perceptual and motor learning: a causal link with memory encoding and consolidation?

Abstract In both perceptual and motor learning, numerous studies have shown specificity of learning to the trained eye or hand and to the physical features of the task. However, generalization of learning is possible in both perceptual and motor domains. Here, I review evidence for perceptual and motor learning generalization, suggesting that generalization patterns are affected by the way in which the original memory is encoded and consolidated. Generalization may be facilitated during fast learning, with possible engagement of higher-order brain areas recurrently interacting with the primary visual or motor cortices encoding the stimuli or movements’ memories. Such generalization may be supported by sleep, involving functional interactions between low and higher-order brain areas. Repeated exposure to the task may alter generalization patterns of learning and overall offline learning. Development of unifying frameworks across learning modalities and better understanding of the conditions under which learning can generalize may enable to gain insight regarding the neural mechanisms underlying procedural learning and have useful clinical implications.
Environment and subsistence of prehistoric man in the southern Cape Province, South Africa.

Abstract This paper discusses prehistoric man‐environment relationships in the Southern Cape, defined as Africa south of 32°S. lat. Although the area was occupied in the early Pleistocene and perhaps earlier, archaeological evidence only becomes substantial in mid‐Pleistocene contexts. Local mid‐Pleistocene peoples (Acheulean) seem to have been widespread, but reconstruction of their environment and subsistence remains a goal of future research. Detailed archeological knowledge is so far restricted to the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, but even here major questions go unanswered. Chief among these is the nature of the replacement of the Middle Stone Age (MSA), some 30–40,000 years ago. In all known Southern Cape sites, the MSA is followed by a gap in occupation, varying from 15,000 to 25,000 years. This gap alone suggests that the immediate successors to MSA peoples may have been characterized by significantly different settlements and subsistence patterns from those of their predecessors. Additionally, ...
Interactions of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in the development of fatty acid alterations in cystic fibrosis

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit characteristic polyunsaturated fatty acid abnormalities, including low linoleic acid and high arachidonic acid levels that are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Recent studies indicate that changes in fatty acid metabolism are responsible for these abnormalities. This study examines the role of fatty acid substrate concentrations in the development of these alterations in a cultured cell model of CF. By incubating cells with varying concentrations of exogenous fatty acids, it shows that increasing the concentration of substrates from the parallel n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid pathways (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively) not only increases formation of the products in that pathway, but also reduces metabolism in the parallel pathway. In particular, we demonstrate that high levels of linoleic acid and low levels of alpha-linolenic acid are required to observe the typical fatty acid alterations of cystic fibrosis. These results shed light on the mechanisms of fatty acid metabolic abnormalities in cystic fibrosis. They also have implications for the nutritional therapy of CF, highlighting the importance of specific fatty acid content, and in understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 fatty acids.
Asymptotic solution of the Turán problem for some hypergraphs

Taking an ordinary graphL 2 and replacing each of its vertices by a group ofr/2 vertices (r is even), we get anr-uniform hypergraphL?. In the casex(L 2)=2m+1, we solve asymptotically the Turan problem forL?. Ifx(L 2)#2m+1, the upper bound is still valid but proper constructions are not known.
Singular-perturbation—strong-coupling field theory and the moments problem

Motivated by recent work of Bender, Cooper, Guralnik, Mjolsness, Rose, and Sharp, a new technique is presented for solving field equations in terms of singular-perturbation---strong-coupling expansions. Two traditional mathematical tools are combined into one effective procedure. Firstly, high-temperature lattice expansions are obtained for the corresponding power moments of the field solution. The approximate continuum-limit power moments are subsequently obtained through the application of Pad\'e techniques. Secondly, in order to reconstruct the corresponding approximate global field solution, one must use function-moments reconstruction techniques. The latter involves reconsidering the traditional "moments problem" of interest to pure and applied mathematicians. The above marriage between lattice methods and moments reconstruction procedures for functions yields good results for the ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ field-theory kink, and the sine-Gordon kink solutions. It is argued that the power moments are the most efficient dynamical variables for the generation of strong-coupling expansions. Indeed, a momentum-space formulation is being advocated in which the long-range behavior of the space-dependent fields are determined by the small-momentum, infrared, domain.
The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses

We report the observation of neural processing that occurs within 265 milliseconds after outcome stimuli that inform human participants about gains and losses in a gambling task. A negative-polarity event-related brain potential, probably generated by a medial-frontal region in or near the anterior cingulate cortex, was greater in amplitude when a participant's choice between two alternatives resulted in a loss than when it resulted in a gain. The sensitivity to losses was not simply a reflection of detecting an error; gains did not elicit the medial-frontal activity when the alternative choice would have yielded a greater gain, and losses elicited the activity even when the alternative choice would have yielded a greater loss. Choices made after losses were riskier and were associated with greater loss-related activity than choices made after gains. It follows that medial-frontal computations may contribute to mental states that participate in higher level decisions, including economic choices.
Polarization of Nuclear Resonance Radiation in Ferromagnetic Fe 57

The polarization of resonance radiation in Fe/sup 57/ was observed with a ferromagnetic source and absorber magnetized parallel or perpendicular to each other. The transmission of the resonance radiation was measured through the absorbing foil as a function of the relative orientation of the fields in the source and the absorber. The transmission obtained with a vibrating source and that obtained with zero field in source and absorber indicate that the transmission is strongly dependent on the angle between the magnetizations of source and absorber. The alignment of the ferromagnetic domains in the source produces a corresponding alignment of the internal fields at the iron nuclei. The radiation emitted in the transition from one magnetic sublevel to another is linearly polarized when viewed perpendicular to the field; therefore, the magnetization of the source serves as a polarizer of radiation. (C.J.G.)
Computerized design, simulation of meshing, and contact and stress analysis of face-milled formate generated spiral bevel gears

A new approach for design, tooth contact analysis (TCA) and stress analysis of formate generated spiral bevel gears is proposed. The advantage of formate generation is the higher productivity. The purposes of the proposed approach are to overcome difficulties of surface conjugation caused by formate generation, develop a low noise and stabilized bearing contact, and perform stress analysis. The approach proposed is based on application of four procedures that enable in sequence to provide a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors with limited magnitude of maximal transmission errors, a bearing contact with reduced shift of contact caused by misalignment, and perform stress analysis based on application of Finite Element Method. The advantage of the approach developed for finite element analysis (FEA) is the automatic generation of finite element models with multi-pairs of teeth. The stress analysis is accomplished by direct application of ABAQUS. Intermediate auxiliary CAD computer programs for development of solid models are not required. The theory developed is illustrated with an example of design and computation.