cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
4-(phenylazo)diphenylamine (PDA): A universal indicator for the colorimetric titration of strong bases, Lewis acids, and hydride reducing agents

Abstract 4-(Phenylazo)diphenylamine (PDA) was found to be an excellent colorimetric indicator for the accurate determination of the concentration for a variety of strong bases, Lewis acids, and hydride reducing agents. A variety of counterions and broad p K a range is tolerated.
Inversion of far‐regional broadband P waves for the estimation of source parameters from shallow depth earthquakes

[1] Attempts in separating the earthquake source effect from complex upper mantle wave propagation effects have been unsuccessful due to band-limited World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network data and limitations in the computation of accurate seismograms. In this study, we examine the potential for estimating source parameters using broadband P waves observed between distances of 10° and 30°. We used the reflectivity method, which retains all of the rays, to compute synthetic Green's functions from the Earth-flattened global AK135 and regional T7 isotropic velocity models. We applied the moment tensor inversion and iterative dislocation grid search methods to estimate seismic moment, moment tensor, focal mechanism, and focal depth for three example seismic events, the 1995 (M w 5.7) west Texas, 1999 (M w 5.6) Scotty's Junction, Nevada, and 1999 southern Iran (M w 4.8) earthquakes. The west Texas and Scotty's Junction earthquakes were well recorded, and they had independently established source parameters. Independent estimates from different data sets and agencies were used to validate the inversion results. We selected the southern Iran earthquake to show the utility of the method at lower magnitudes. Selected vertical and radial component seismograms were windowed about the P wave arrival, corrected for instrument response, and converted to velocity, preserving the absolute amplitudes and periods within approximately 0.5 to 100 s. Both inverse methods were successful in separating the source effect with the use of the AK135 velocity model. The inversion results using the T7 model appear slightly biased and had worse waveform fits compared to AK135. More importantly, the use of two different velocity models resulted in biases in focal depths that were less than ±2 km, thereby providing a robust inverse method for focal depth. Utilizing far-regional P waves would be most useful for remote earthquakes not adequately recorded locally and too small in magnitude to be recorded beyond epicentral distances of 30° for teleseismic analysis.
A study of female travelers' needs trajectory and family life cycle.

ABSTRACT This study examined female travelers' needs and preferences trajectory by adopting the concepts of modernized family life cycle and the travel career ladder. The results supported the travel career ladder model to an extent, yielding four major needs, namely, relaxation, relationship, self-development, and self-esteem oriented. The patterns of female travelers' needs of the travel career ladder and travel preferences were varied across different stages of the family life cycle and employment status. The results indicated that providing total relaxation, socialization, and self-development opportunities can be examples of potential marketing communication emphases for tourism marketers targeting at female travelers.
Conformational Properties of the Deoxyribose and Ribose Moieties of Nucleic Acids: A Quantum Mechanical Study

The present work analyzes the intrinsic conformational energetics associated with the puckering of the deoxyribose and ribose sugars in nucleic acids using high-level ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. A variety of model compounds have been designed to define the minimal structural unit suitable to model the sugar moiety in nucleic acids. Results suggest that all the structural features of a nucleoside are required to model the sugar moiety of nucleic acids. Stuctures calculated at the MP2 level of theory are in close agreement with experimental structural information. In deoxyribose, the south pucker (B form of double helices) is intrinsically favored over the north pucker (A form of double helices) by ∼1.0 kcal/mol. In contrast, for ribose, with torsion e in an RNA-like conformation, the north pucker is favored over the south pucker by ∼2.0 kcal/mol. For both the deoxyribose and ribose of nucleic acids, the lowest energy barrier between the north and south puckers is >4.0 kcal/mol. The present c...
Physicochemical parameters of partially hydrolyzed S. salivarius levan fractions

The fractions obtained from the partially hydrolyzed branched Streptococcus salivarius levan were examined in solution. Sedimentation coefficients, S0, intrinsic viscosities, [η], weight-average molecular weights, Mw, and radii of gyration were obtained from sedimentation velocity, viscosity, and light-scattering measurements. Double logarithmic plots of [η] vs Mw and S0 vs Mw each yielded two linear segments intersecting at Mw ≈ 105. Hydrodynamic data suggest that fractions of Mw > 105 behave as compact spheres, whereas for Mw < 105, the particles are best characterized as linear random coils. Calculations based on theories of random coils and spheres support the above observations.
A reconsideration of age-related reaction time slowing from a learning perspective: Age-related slowing is not just complexity-based

Abstract In this article the authors provide a detailed examination of the factors that influence the function relating young subjects' reaction time to that of older subjects. The authors examine the often cited Complexity Hypothesis according to which older adults are proportionally slower than young adults as a function of the complexity of the task being performed. The authors review data suggesting that age differences in response time are a function of the type of practice (consistent or varied mapping), the amount of practice, and the structure of the task. This review suggests that grouping these factors under a label of “complexity” may actually decrease their predictive utility. Furthermore, the results suggest that the learning that occurs as a function of practice changes the relationship between the reaction times of young and old adults. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of theoretically-driven distinctions for making predictions of old adults' performance from that of young subjects.
Soviet military performance in Afghanistan: A preliminary assessment

Abstract An analysis of Soviet operations in Afghanistan shows that Soviet forces have not had the requisite doctrine, force structure, or number of troops in that country in order to secure it. Chemical warfare and the use of helicopters are seen as particularly significant aspects of Soviet operations. Tactical and equipment changes have taken place and valuable lessons are being learned, but, at the end of 1982, Soviet forces were no closer to pacifying Afghanistan than they were in 1980.
Therapeutic potentiation of combined cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) and irradiation by icrf-159

Abstract The effect of fractionated ICRF-159 (25 mg/kg, g3h×4) pretreatment on the antitumor activity of cis DDP+irradiation combinations has been evaluated using the Lewis lung tumor. All three agents given alone as single treatments result in transient interruption of proliferative activity with only slight to moderate alterations of tumor growth. Fractionated ICRF-159 treatment, while eliciting low cytotoxicity, results in a partial cytokinetic redistribution of tumor cells enhancing subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy with cis DDP. For cis DDP-radiation combinations, where cis DDP precedes irradiation, increasing the intertreatment time from 6 hr to 24 hr results in synergistic interactions and increased treatment efficacy. When cis DDP-radiation combinations followed fractionated ICRF-159, regression was greatly enhanced suggesting that relatively non-cytotoxic agents may be used to sensitize low growth fraction, resistant tumors to subsequent combined-mode therapy.
Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles

We introduce CIBERSORT, a method for characterizing cell composition of complex tissues from their gene expression profiles. When applied to enumeration of hematopoietic subsets in RNA mixtures from fresh, frozen and fixed tissues, including solid tumors, CIBERSORT outperformed other methods with respect to noise, unknown mixture content and closely related cell types. CIBERSORT should enable large-scale analysis of RNA mixtures for cellular biomarkers and therapeutic targets (http://cibersort.stanford.edu/).
Intercombination Spectra of Chromium Acetylacetonate Crystals at Low Temperatures

The spectra of chromium acetylacetonate and several derivatives have been recorded at 77° and 4°K. The structure in the 12 000–15 000 cm—1 region has been assigned to vibronic components of 2E←4A2 and the 2T1 state located. The effect of ligand halogenation on the trigonal field splitting is small.
On-Line Subtraction of the Cardiac Activity from the Esophageal Electromyogram of the Diaphragm

A system is described whereby the integrated electrocardiogram is automatically subtracted from the total integrated electrical activity recorded in the esophagus. By this method, a measure of the electrical activity in the diaphragm is obtained, and the output from the respiratory center can be studied independently of mechanical alterations of chest wall and lungs.
Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in the developing mouse pancreas: Morphogenesis of the adult architecture

Abstract Background/Purpose: The mammalian pancreas is thought to develop through a complex interaction between the budding epithelium and the surrounding mesenchyme. The exact nature of this interaction is unclear. Most of what is known to date of these interactions comes from a series of organ culture experiments done in the late 1960s. Nevertheless, these important experiments may have been confounded by less-defined culture media and organ dissection techniques, because the results are not reproducible in our hands. The authors undertook a study to reexplore these basic epithelio-mesenchymal interactions. Methods: Using previously described organ dissection and culture techniques the authors examined the basic interactions between the embryonic pancreatic epithelium and its mesenchyme with histological and immunohistological techniques. Results: The authors found that, contrary to previous reports, the earliest pancreatic anlage did not possess the intrinsic signaling necessary to support normal growth and differentiation in vitro. Intimate contact between the epithelium and the mesenchyme may be necessary until E11.5 for normal growth and differentiation. The age of the mesenchyme seemed to correlate with the degree of acinar differentiation, and proximity of mesenchyme was important for acinar differentiation. Conclusions: Previous investigations into the basic epitheliomesenchymal interactions in the developing mammalian pancreas may have had confounding factors. Extrinsic signals seem necessary for complete pancreatic differentiation, and mesenchymal factors appear important for acinar differentiation.
Isotopic fractionation factors of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in water

Abstract Association constants for NH + … − O hydrogen bond formation between substituted ammonium dications and phenolate ion were measured in water and deuterium oxide at 25°C and 2.0 m ionic strength. In combination with isotopic fractionation factors for phenol and the conjugate diacid of 1,2-ethanediamine determined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy, these yield isotopic fractionation factors for amine dication-phenolate ion hydrogen bonds in water: φ AB = 0.69 for 1,2-propanediamine dication with a pK difference between donor and acceptor, Δ pK a = −0.45, φ AB = 0.88 for 1,2-ethanediamine dication (Δ pK a = −2.1), and φ AB = 1.1 for piperizine dication (Δ pK a = −3.5). The hydrogen bond association constants follow Bronsted correlations α = 0.19 in water and α = 0.27 in deuterium oxide. The results are consistent with a double-minimum potential with a significant barrier for motion across the hydrogen bond.
Characterization of hydroxyurea (HYU) resistant S49 T lymphoma cells.

Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleoside diphosphates to their deoxyribonucleotide counterparts for DNA synthesis (1). The mammalian enzyme Is composed of two subunits: the M1 protein has binding sites that are Involved In the complex allosteric feedback control of the enzyme (2,3); whereas, the M2 subunit contains the free radical binding site of hydroxyurea (4,5).
Static and dynamic behavior of zigzag domains

Abstract The boundary between two regions of opposing magnetization in thin films has been observed to be zigzag in shape. Two models, “head-on” and “curling”, have been proposed to account for these observations. Micromagnetics calculation presented here shows that the magnetization distribution within the zigzagging wall depends on the anisotropy and exchange constants as well as film thickness. Lorentz microscopy results support the head-on model
Anti to syn isomerization in π-allyliron carbonyl complexes

Abstract Tetracarbonylallyliron cations having anti -1 substituents are isomerized to the corresponding syn isomers upon heating; these results have led us to reinterpret some other isomerizations involving π-allyl ligands of iron in terms of anti to syn rearrangements.
Induction of prophage lambda by chlorinated pesticides.

Chlorinated organics represent an important class of environmental carcinogens. However, only a small percentage of the carcinogens of this chemical class are genotoxic in prokaryotic bioassays such as the Salmonella assay. In an effort to identify a short-term assay sensitive to chlorinated carcinogens, we have tested a group of chlorinated pesticides, most of which are carcinogenic in rodents, in a prophage-induction assay developed by Rossman et al. (1984). The Microscreen phage-induction assay is a rapid, inexpensive, miniaturized system that uses the induction of prophage λ in Escherichia coli as an indicator of genetic damage. It has been used successfully to screen complex environmental samples for genotoxicants and has detected carcinogenic metals that are refractory in the Salmonella assay. The pesticides tested were malathion, monuron, p,p′-DDT, mirex, lindane, nitrofen, chlordane, toxaphene, captan, and dichlorvos. All but the first 4 induced prophage. The remaining pesticides were ranked as follows according to induction potency in the presence of S9: captan > dichlorvos > toxaphene > lindane > nitrofen > chlordane. Rankings were similar in the absence of S9. Of these 6 pesticides, only nitrofen required S9 to induce prophage. Comparisons with mutagenesis data in Salmonella indicated that the Microscreen assay detected as genotoxic each of the pesticides that were mutagenic in Salmonella; moreover, it detected 2 additional carcinogens (chlordane and lindane) that were not mutagenic in the Salmonella assay. The possible use of the Microscreen phage-induction assay to detect chlorinated organics is discussed.
Planetary science: water cycling on Mars.

The Meridiani Planum region on Mars is rich in minerals derived from evaporation, but lacks a topography consistent with standing water. Do the deposits stem from upwelling groundwater early in the planet's history?
Low Knudsen number photophoresis

Abstract An analytical expression describing the photophoretic force on a spherical aerosol particle in the low Knudsen number regime is developed in terms of relevant dimensionless parameters. The effect of thermal creep as well as contributing low Knudsen number effects of gas slippage and temperature jump at the gas-particle interface are included in the analysis. The resulting force expression is compared with previous laboratory measurements. Its value is shown to be comparable to the gravitational force on small Knudsen number atmospheric aerosols.
Toxicity of Black Pepper Extract to Boll Extract to Boll Weevils

Extracts of ground black pepper were highly toxic to adult Anthonomus grandis Boheman when they were applied topically to the 3- to 5-day-old insects. The 24-h LD50 value was 9.6 μ g/insect.
Simultaneous Sampling of Flow and Odorants by Crustaceans can Aid Searches within a Turbulent Plume

Crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters and crayfish use dispersing odorant molecules to determine the location of predators, prey, potential mates and habitat. Odorant molecules diffuse in turbulent flows and are sensed by the olfactory organs of these animals, often using a flicking motion of their antennules. These antennules contain both chemosensory and mechanosensory sensilla, which enable them to detect both flow and odorants during a flick. To determine how simultaneous flow and odorant sampling can aid in search behavior, a 3-dimensional numerical model for the near-bed flow environment was created. A stream of odorant concentration was released into the flow creating a turbulent plume, and both temporally and spatially fluctuating velocity and odorant concentration were quantified. The plume characteristics show close resemblance to experimental measurements within a large laboratory flume. Results show that mean odorant concentration and it's intermittency, computed as dc/dt, increase towards the plume source, but the temporal and spatial rate of this increase is slow and suggests that long measurement times would be necessary to be useful for chemosensory guidance. Odorant fluxes measured transverse to the mean flow direction, quantified as the product of the instantaneous fluctuation in concentration and velocity, v'c', do show statistically distinct magnitude and directional information on either side of a plume centerline over integration times of <0.5 s. Aquatic animals typically have neural responses to odorant and velocity fields at rates between 50 and 500 ms, suggesting this simultaneous sampling of both flow and concentration in a turbulent plume can aid in source tracking on timescales
The impact of tumor volume and radiotherapy dose on outcome in previously irradiated recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Purpose:To assess the effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) dose and tumor volume on outcomes in patients with recurrent, previously irradiated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Materials and Methods:A total of 96 patients with recurrent, previously irradiated squamous cell carc
Fluorescence properties of the flavin moiety within N-(5′-Phospho)-pyridoxyl flavin amides: Spectroscopic models for pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) 5′-phosphate oxidase

Abstract The fluorescence of flavin is markedly quenched as a result of intramolecular associations with the phosphopyridoxyl portion within amides, synthesized as spectroscopic models for the FMN-dependent pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) 5′-phosphate oxidase. Much of such loss of fluorescence is the result of complex formation, wherein the neutral isoalloxazine interacts with the dipolar 3-phenolate 4-pyridinium form of the B6 moiety. The phenolic 3-hydroxyl function of B6 is critically involved with formation of the predominant complex. The ionization of this group is sensitive to the dielectric constant of the medium and somewhat to change in temperature. The results suggest that the strongest interaction of substrate with flavin coenzyme in the active site of the enzyme is expected for the dipolar B6 form which is, in fact, the main species encountered under physiological conditions. Additionally, the enzyme must supply a cationic site to enhance the binding of the preferred anionic, phosphorylated forms of vitamin B6, as well as anionic flavin coenzyme, since the phosphate portion markedly affects binding as substrate but does not significantly alter interaction with the flavin.
The chick as a laboratory model for the study of estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia

The chick appears to be an appropriate animal for the study of estrogen-induced hyperlipemia. Plasma levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acid are similar to those in humans; the lipid composition of high and low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, and chylomicrons resemble those of humans. Striking hyperlipidemia results from administration of diethylstilbestrol (0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/day for 18 days), is dose related, and consists predominantly of triglyceride. While Sf > 5000 lipoproteins (chylomicron fraction) and Sf < 20 lipoproteins (low and high density lipoprotein fraction) both contribute to the hypertriglyceridemia, the Sf 20–5000 lipoproteins (very low density, endogenous fraction) predominate, as is the case in estrogen-treated women. Livers from DES-treated birds incorporate 4.5 times more acetate into triglyceride than livers from untreated birds, suggesting that estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia is due, at least in part, to enhanced hepatic lipogenesis. Levels of plasma free fatty acid are also elevated by estrogenization. However, the rise does not occur until after the hypertriglyceridemia is well established, and, hence, is not part of the mechanism of the disorder.
Best Practices in Educational Audiology

A survey was conducted of the membership of the Educational Audiology Association (EAA) to determine the emerging level of best practices in the field. An enthusiastic response from the membership ...
Coexpression of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 in Human Brain Tumors

ABSTRACTDEREGULATION OF THE expression of cytokine genes appears to play a role in the development of gliomas. Interleukin-1β has been shown to be synthesized in small amounts by astrocytes and can induce the expression of interleukin-6. Interleukin-6 is not expressed by unstimulated astrocytes, but
Internal Hydrogen Effects in Ti Code 12 Overpack/Cannister Material

The effects of internal hydrogen on the mechanical properties of Ti Code 12 were studied by gas phase charging smooth bar tensile samples. Tensile tests showed no change in yield strength with increasing hydrogen concentration. A slight decrease in ductility and fracture stress at hydrogen concentrations above 200 wppm accompanied by secondary cracking along grain boundaries indicated embrittlement. At hydrogen concentrations near and above 400 wppm, cleavage fracture associated with strain-induced hydrides was also observed.
Advances in tau-focused drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies

Neuronal inclusions comprised of the microtubule-associated protein tau are found in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, commonly known as tauopathies. In Alzheimer's disease - the most prevalent tauopathy - misfolded tau is probably a key pathological agent. The recent failure of amyloid-beta-targeted therapeutics in Phase III clinical trials suggests that it is timely and prudent to consider alternative drug discovery strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we focus on strategies directed at reducing misfolded tau and compensating for the loss of normal tau function.
An assay for chromosomal and chromatid interference in chromosome V of Saccharomyces.

This survey included 1250 tetrads from 19 families heterozygous for at least three genes on chromosome V. A number of tests were used for the detection of interference. The Papazian tests (table 1) indicated that either positive chromosomal interference or negative chromatid interference occurs in some regions; this effect is too weak to be manifest in individual families. Although chromosomal interference was not evident in the three-point tests of any one family, there was some evidence from lumped data that it occurs. Negative chromatid interference is clearly evident in the three-point tetrad data. This effect varies from family to family, and does not appear to be localized to certain regions. The data indicate that chromatid interference is a property conferred by the specific hybrid rather than a fixed property of any given chromosomal region. In this connection it is interesting to note that family 118, which exhibits chromatid interference, was obtained from a intraascal hybrid from family 108, which also shows chromatid interference, suggesting that this family-specific effect may be hereditary.
An examination of the effect of imprisonment on recidivism

The current study examines the effect of incarceration and other variables significantly relevant to sentencing decisions on the likelihood of recidivism for drug and property offenders. The results indicate that incarceration does not deter offenders. Examination of the other independent variables indicates that age and marital status significantly reduces odds of recidivism. When examining levels of severity of recidivism, drug offenders, females, and older offenders are less likely to engage in more serious acts of recidivism. Split models reveal that probation/parole status differently affected likelihood of recidivism and being a drug offender differently affected severity of recidivism.
Curved spacetime one-loop gravity in a physical gauge

Abstract We study the haniltonian formulation of perturbative quantum gravity. For a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background, the gravitational constraints can be solved, and the physical degrees of freedom can be isolated explicitly. The resulting action is bounded from below in the euclidean regime. In the context of wormhole physics this implies that there is no phase of the sum over spheres. We use the zeta-function regularization technique to calculate the so-called scaling behavior of the one-loop partition function about the S 4 saddle point. We find an answer that differs by an integer from the value obtained from the covariant approach using the “conformal rotation” prescription of Gibbons, Hawking, and Perry. These results indicate that the “conformal rotation” prescription does not yield the correct partition function for curved backgrounds.
Advances in Integrated and Continuous Measurements for Particle Mass and Chemical Composition

Abstract Recent improvements in integrated and continuous PM2.5 mass and chemical measurements from the Supersite program and related studies in the past decade are summarized. Analytical capabilities of the measurement methods, including accuracy, precision, interferences, minimum detectable levels, comparability, and data completeness are documented. Upstream denuders followed by filter packs in integrated samplers allow an estimation of sampling artifacts. Efforts are needed to: (1) address positive and negative artifacts for organic carbon (OC), and (2) develop carbon standards to better separate organic versus elemental carbon (EC) under different temperature settings and analysis atmospheres. Advances in thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) provide organic speciation of approximately 130 nonpolar compounds (e.g., n-alkanes, alkenes, hopanes, steranes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) using small portions of filters from existing integrated samples. ...
MO‐G‐137‐03: Evaluation of the Robustness of Proton Therapy Compared with IMRT Regarding Interfractional Variations for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of interfractional changes on the delivered dose in proton therapy (PT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for low‐intermediate risk prostate cancer. Methods: A subset of prostate patients participating in a randomized clinical trial at our institution also took part in a complementing serial imaging study. For patients randomized to receive 79.2 Gy in 44 fractions (9 weeks) of PT or IMRT, respectively, CT or Cone Beam CT scans were acquired on a weekly basis. The images were rigidly co‐registered to the planning CT to simulate the set‐up procedure. For each patient, both PT and IMRT plans were applied to each of the weekly image sets. Doses were normalized to the number of fractions to approximate the total dose received in a specific week. The weekly doses were then accumulated on the planning CT image using deformable image registration. Dose volume histograms were analyzed and compared to the original plans. The equivalent uniform doses (EUD) were calculated for targets and adjacent organs. Results: Comparison based on a representative case indicated no significant changes to the prostate dose (boost target). However, the dose to seminal vesicles was 3.7 and 5.4% lower than planned, for proton therapy and IMRT respectively. The maximum difference between the planned and accumulated EUDs for all organs at risk was below 5.5 Gy (7% of the prescribed dose), observed in the bladder. On average, the organ EUD was different from planned by 2.5 and 2.8% for protons and IMRT respectively. Conclusion: Despite the use of immobilization devices and bladder filling instruction per protocol, interfractional organ variability was observed. The data acquisition and analysis are ongoing, as patients are accrued to the trial. To date, the OAR dose changes were found to be small with no significant differences between protons and IMRT.
Matrix Isolation Microsampling Procedures in Quantitative Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

Techniques for microsampling in infrared spectroscopy by matrix isolation are described. In the matrix isolation of liquid or solid compounds, the sample is vaporized and then diluted with a large excess of a matrix gas; the resulting gaseous mixture is deposited on a cold surface for spectroscopic examination as a solid. Detailed descriptions of the apparatus and procedures employed in the preparation of matrix-isolated samples for qualitative and quantitative analyses by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry are presented. Systems for "microsampling" (detection limits for specific compounds ~0.5 to 1 μg) and "ultramicrosampling" (detection limits ~50 to 100 ng) matrix isolation spectroscopy are described. Detection limits and Beer's law behavior for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons microsampled by matrix isolation are discussed. The advantages of matrix isolation as a technique for qualitative and quantitative infrared analysis of microsamples are itemized.
Rare-earth-doped polymer optical amplifiers

Neodymium (Nd) doped polymer based optical amplifiers have been studied. NdCl3.6H2O and Nd(III) hexafluoracetylacetonate were used as dopants. Photoluminescence at 0.89 micrometers , 1.06 micrometers and 1.33 micrometers from Nd ions in polyimide was detected. Phase separation with possible formation of liquid crystal polymer was observed in NdCl3.6H2O doped polyimide. Thin film waveguides and multimode channel waveguides were fabricated using a novel planarizing technique to reduce scattering losses. Optical gain of about 5.4 dB at 1.06 micrometers was demonstrated in a 5 cm long NdCl3.6H2O doped polyimide channel waveguide.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Convexity properties of products of random nonnegative matrices.

Abstract Consider a sequence of N × N random nonnegative matrices in which each element depends on a vector u of parameters. The nth partial product is the random matrix formed by multiplying, from right to left, the first n of these random matrices in order. Under certain conditions, the elements of the nth partial product grow asymptotically exponentially as n increases, and the logarithms of the discrete long-run growth rates are convex functions of u. These conditions are met by some models in statistical mechanics and demography. Consequently, the Helmholtz free energy is concave and the population growth rate is convex in these models.
Autonomy and Settling: Rehabilitating the Relationship between Autonomy and Paternalism

In this article I show the shortcomings of autonomy-based justifications for exemptions from paternalism and appeal to the value of settling to defend an alternative well-being-based justification. My well-being-based justification, unlike autonomy-based justifications, can (1) explain why adults but not children are exempt from paternalism; (2) show which kinds of paternalism are justified for children; (3) explain the value of the capacity of autonomy; (4) offer a plausible relationship between autonomy and exemption from paternalism; and (5) give political philosophers a justification for exempting persons from paternalism even if broad scepticism about the capacity for autonomy is justified.
Managing herpes gladiatorum outbreaks in competitive wrestling: the 2007 Minnesota experience.

Skin infections in wrestling have escalated in the past 20 yr. Failure to recognize and manage primary or recurrent herpes gladiatorum (HG) puts all wrestlers who come in direct contact with the affected athlete at risk. In 2007, a major outbreak of HG occurred during the Minnesota State High School
Non-contact current measurement with cobalt-coated microcantilevers

A magnetic field detection system that uses a cobalt-coated microcantilever as the detector element is demonstrated. Three different microcantilever geometries are investigated. This research also demonstrates a novel microcantilever readout technique using a dual fiber optical readout. The cantilever sensors are shown to detect changes in current as small as 0.1 A and the ability to measures current up to 5 mm from the sensor.
Abstract LB-285: Obesity and breast cancer subtypes in African American women participating in the AMBER Consortium

Introduction. Obesity has been shown to be associated with reduced risk in premenopausal women and increased risk in postmenopausal women, with evidence coming largely from studies in white women. African American (AA) women are more likely than white women to be obese and to have central obesity (measured as a high waist to hip ratio (WHR) or waist circumference). They are also more likely to be diagnosed with ER- and triple negative (TN) breast cancers, which tend to have poorer prognosis than ER+ tumors. There is growing evidence that risk profiles for these subtypes may differ. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of general and central obesity on breast cancer subtypes in AA women. Methods. We pooled data from three studies in AA women, the Black Women Health Study, the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, and the Women9s Circle of Health Study, to evaluate the association of recent body mass index (BMI), young adult BMI (at age 18-21 y), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with breast cancer subtypes. Cases were categorized according to hormone receptor subtype as ER+, ER-, and triple negative (TN: ER-, PR-, and HER2-) based on pathology reports or cancer registry data. A total of 1,809 ER+ cases, 1,024 ER- cases (which included 478 TN cases), and 9,593 controls were included in the analyses. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using unconditional polytomous or regular logistic regression, as appropriate, taking into account all major risk factors for breast cancer. Results. Recent BMI was inversely associated with postmenopausal ER- breast cancer (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.53-1.02), and more strongly with tumors that were also PR- and HER2- (TN), (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.97 for BMI≥35 vs. Conclusion. Our results indicate the need to consider subtypes when evaluating the impact of general and central obesity on breast cancer and warrant the study of mechanisms underlying these complex associations. Citation Format: Elisa V. Bandera, Urmila Chandran, Chi-Chen Hong, Christine B. Ambrosone, Melissa Troester, Kathryn L. Lunetta, Lucile Adams-Campbell, Andrew Olshan, Julie R. Palmer, Lynn Rosenberg. Obesity and breast cancer subtypes in African American women participating in the AMBER Consortium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-285. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-285
Effects of progesterone and estradiol on prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in ovine endometrial tissue

In experiment 1, 20 ovariectomized ewes were used to determine how progesterone and estradiol interact to regulate endometrial concentration and activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGS). Ewes were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) control (n = 5); (2) estradiol (n = 5); (3) progesterone (n = 5); (4) progesterone and estradiol (n = 5). Groups 3 and 4 received twice daily injections of progesterone for 15 days. The dose of progesterone was varied to simulate concentrations of progesterone observed in intact ewes during the estrous cycle. Estradiol was administered to groups 2 and 4 by subcutaneous silastic implants which maintained circulating concentrations of estradiol of approximately 3 pg ml−1. Ewes were slaughtered on day 16. A portion of uterine tissue was fixed and stained, immunohistochemically, for PGS. Treatment with progesterone induced an increase in epithelial cell height (P < 0.01) and an increase in intensity of staining for PGS in epithelial cells (P < 0.01). Explants of caruncular endometrial tissue were collected from each ewe and incubated in the presence or absence of arachidonic acid (20 μg ml−1) to quantify release of PGF2α, in vitro. Release of PGF2α in the presence of arachidonic acid was used as a functional assessment of PGS activity. Release was greater for tissue collected from groups treated with progesterone (P < 0.01). Within progesterone treated groups, release was greater for tissue from ewes that also received estradiol (P < 0.05). Release of PGF2α was enhanced by the addition of arachidonic acid (P < 0.01). Maximal release of PGF2α in the presence of arachidonic acid was observed in tissue from ewes receiving progesterone and estradiol. In experiment 2, 19 ewes were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) control (n = 4); (2) estradiol (n = 5); (3) progesterone (n = 5); (4) progesterone and estradiol (n = 5). Steroids were administered as in experiment 1 with minor modification in doses of progesterone. Uteri were collected on day 16. Explants of caruncular endometrial tissue were incubated in the presence of one of four treatments: (1) no additions; (2) arachidonic acid (20 μg ml−1); (3) oxytocin (10−6 M); (4) arachidonic acid and oxytocin. The effects of ovarian steroids on release of PGF2α from caruncular endometrial explants were similar to those described in experiment 1. Both arachidonic acid and oxytocin increased release of PGF2α (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). However, release of PGF2α was not enhanced by arachidonic acid when administered in the presence of oxytocin. We conclude that the ability of ovarian steroids to regulate endometrial secretion of PGF2α may be exerted, in part, through their ability to regulate the concentration and activity of PGS.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa intrapetrous internal carotid artery mycotic aneurysm—a complication of mastoiditis: first reported case

Mycotic aneurysms of the intrapetrous carotid artery are a rare complication of adjacent middle ear infections that occur by direct invasion of arterial adventitia. We report the first case of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mycotic intrapetrous carotid aneurysm arising from mastoiditis, confirmed with middle ear cultures, presenting with high-grade bacteraemia and otorrhagia in a diabetic man. Infection was related to elective myringotomy tube placement and was initially treated with empiric antibiotics. Diagnosis required careful evaluation of imaging studies, particularly MR angiography. Resolution required aggressive debridement and carefully selected long-term intravenous antibiotics, appropriate for carefully determined antibiotic sensitivity of his pathogen, but no neurosurgical intervention. He has had no evidence of recurrence over the subsequent year. We offer our experience to highlight the dangers of invasive P aeruginosa middle ear infections in patients with diabetes to other practitioners and to encourage earlier, more aggressive intervention.
DISTRIBUTED VECTOR DECORRELATION AND ANOMALY DETECTION USING THE VECTOR SPARSE MATRIX TRANSFORM

Here, we propose the vector Sparse Matrix Transform (SMT), a novel decorrelating transform suitable for per- forming distributed processing of high dimensional signals in sensor networks. We assume that each sensor in the network encodes its measurements into vector outputs in- stead of scalar ones. The proposed transform decorrelates a sequence of pairs of vector sensor outputs, until these vectors are decorrelated. In our experiments, we simulate distributed anomaly detection by a camera network moni- toring a spatial region. Each camera records an image of the monitored environment from its particular viewpoint and outputs a vector encoding the image. Results show that the vector SMT effectively decorrelates images from the multiple cameras in the network and significantly improves anomaly detection accuracy while requiring low overall communication energy.
Ferromagnetism of the Rh(001) surface

Ab initio pseudopotential calculations of a nine-layer Rh(001) film find the surface and first subsurface layers are ferromagnetic. The calculated surface energy lies within the range of experimental estimates and the discrepancy between LEED and an earlier calculation for the surface relaxation is greatly reduced.
PION-PROTON TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS FROM 0.45 TO 1.9 BEV

Measurements of the pion-proton total cross section over a range of kinetic energies from 0.45 to 1.9 Bev are described. Positive pions were distinguished from protons of the same momentum by a time-of-flight technique. A liquid hydrogen absorber was used for most of the measurements. Muons, the principal beam contamination, were approximately 10% of the pions.A pronounced maximum for $\ensuremath{\sigma}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}, p)$ near 0.9 Bev, which had been noted in our preliminary measurements, is confirmed by data presented here. If this maximum is to be interpreted as a resonance in a single state of angular momentum, the analysis shows that, after subtracting a term which can reasonably be attributed to nonresonant states, the total angular momentum could be as low as $\frac{5}{2}$ without serious disagreement with experimental data. The possibility of explaining this maximum with a resonant pion-pion interaction as conjectured by Dyson and Takeda is discussed. The measurements of $\ensuremath{\sigma}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}, p)$ also give evidence for the existence of a maximum of relatively smaller amplitude at 1.35 Bev.The differential cross section in the forward direction for elastic and charge-exchange scattering of pions by protons have been obtained by making use of the dispersion relations.
Gene dispersal and outbreeding in a philopatric mammal.

Extensive mark–recapture data from banner-tailed kangaroo rats, Dipodomys spectabilis , have shown that both males and females are highly philopatric and suggest the possibility of close inbreeding. However, indirect analyses based on genetic structure appear to contradict direct observations, suggesting longer dispersal distances. Using microsatellite genotypes from most members of a banner-tailed kangaroo rat population during five successive breeding seasons, we ask how relatedness is influenced by dispersal and how it in turn influences mating patterns. The data confirm that, because of philopatry, neighbours are often close relatives. However, patterns of parentage also show that the average distance between mates is large relative to natal dispersal distances and larger than the average distance between nearest opposite-sexed neighbours. Females’ mates were often not their nearest male neighbour and many were less related than the nearest male neighbour. We detected multiple paternity in some females’ litters; both sexes produce offspring with multiple mates within and between breeding seasons. At the population level, heterozygosities were high and estimates of F were low, indicating that levels of inbreeding were low. Using individual inbreeding coefficients of all juveniles to estimate their parents’ relatedness, we found that parental relatedness was significantly lower than relatedness between nearest opposite-sexed adult neighbours. Thus in philopatric populations, long breeding forays can cause genes to move further than individuals disperse, and polyandry may serve to reduce relatedness between mates.
Microcytic, hypochromic (iron-deficiency) anemia in infancy and childhood: Its relation to gastric anacidity and to simple achlorhydric anemia of adults

Summary 1. In ten patients between the ages of seven months and two years with anemia of the “nutritional” or “iron-deficiency” type, gastric analysis after histamine demonstrated a marked secretory defect: free acid was absent in six and low in the other four; total acidity and volume were low in all cases. 2. The blood showed marked hypochromia and microcytosis before treatment was begun. 3. When soluble iron was administered in adequate amounts, there was a striking immediate response with reticulocytosis and increased size of red cells (transient macrocytosis) accompanying an increase in hemoglobin. This was followed by a decline of reticulocytes, by a return to an approximate distribution of cell sizes, and by a continued rise in hemoglobin. A certain number of microcytes tended to persist. 4. Twins who at the age of about eight months had anacidity and anemia were reexamined seven years later. One still had nearly complete anacidity and a mild degree of anemia. The other was able to produce a moderate amount of acid (though probably less than the normal minimum) and still had microcytosis but without hypochromia. 5. On the basis of a comparison with the normal values for later childhood and adult life, the average presumptively healthy child in the latter half of the first year and for a few years thereafter has a mild hypochromic anemia. Such figures as are available show that at least during the first and second years children secrete small amounts of gastric juice containing a relatively small amount of acid. It is probable that in this period of life the absorption of iron from ordinary diet is difficult and might be improved by administering soluble iron as a routine measure and by taking into account the acidabsorbing (buffer) effect of milk, in regulating diet. 6. The close resemblance between “iron-deficiency” anemia of infancy and childhood and the hypochromic, microcytic anemia of adults is noted.
Viewpoint: Learning to be Open to the “Other” at Tiruvannamalai

PEOPLE often tend to project aspects of themselves onto a foreign person or culture. They might see false reflections of themselves in the foreign culture, or instead they might see their own opposites. Also, there is sometimes a tendency to absorb the other party into one’s own self-understanding, to reduce the unknown into what is already known, absorbing it into a system. Theorists of crosscultural exchange like Raimundo Panikkar have argued that instead of projecting oneself into the other party or absorbing it into a system of one’s own devising that one should be open to something completely new and different in the other culture. This will lead to seeing both the other culture and one’s own culture in new and different ways. Thereby one can integrate into one’s life the familiar with the new. This dynamic can be seen in the life of
A 16,000 Channel, 50 MHZ Time-of-Flight Analyzer for High Data Rates

A 16,000 channel time-of-flight analyzer is described. The time channels are divided into groups of 512 channels. Channel widths of 20 nsec or binary multiples thereof, up to 1280 nsec, may be independently selected for each group. The time information is stored in a 16 word derandomizing buffer capable of accepting new data every 20 nsec. The buffer empties into a computer, with 32K of core memory, which can accept a word of data every 800 nsec. For this emptying rate, losses due to buffer size will be less than 0.1% for random arrival rates up to 106 words/sec.
Frequency-modulation spectroscopy with a multimode dye laser

A multimode laser in frequency-modulation spectroscopy gives a signal that is broader than the absorption line by an amount that is determined by how sharp the edges of the laser profile are, not by the total bandwidth of the laser. We have experimentally demonstrated that one can therefore obtain frequency-modulation signals that are narrower than the total bandwidth of the laser.