cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advances in software inspections

This paper presents new studies and experiences that enhance the use of the inspection process and improve its contribution to development of defect-free software on time and at lower costs. Examples of benefits are cited followed by descriptions of the process and some methods of obtaining the enhanced results.Software inspection is a method of static testing to verify that software meets its requirements. It engages the developers and others in a formal process of investigation that usually detects more defects in the product--and at lower cost--than does machine testing. Users of the method report very significant improvements in quality that are accompanied by lower development costs and greatly reduced maintenance efforts. Excellent results have been obtained by small and large organizations in all aspects of new development as well as in maintenance. There is some evidence that developers who participate in the inspection of their own product actually create fewer defects in future work. Because inspections formalize the development process, productivity and quality enhancing tools can be adopted more easily and rapidly.
LAS "TOMAS" DE COLEGIOS DURANTE LA REPÚBLICA LIBERAL, 1936-1942: PARTE DE LA ESTRUCTURA DISCURSIVA DE LA VIOLENCIA

After the 1935 elections, in which Conservative electoral abstention resulted in a completely Liberal government, the dream of secular public education animated Colombian Liberals. In various municipalities, Liberal leaders ended contracts with the Catholic clergy to operate schools in public buildings; the seizures of these schools became acts of political theater, with mutual accusations between the parties of armed plots inspired by the Spanish Civil War. These seizures would become part of the discursive structure of the protagonists of La Violencia in the 1940s and 1950s, justifying for them the massacres of members of the opposite party.
Heuristics : intelligent search strategies for computer problem solving

This book presents, characterizes and analyzes problem solving strategies that are guided by heuristic information
Service Export Sophistication and Economic Growth

Can increasing sophistication in service exports lead to economic growth? Although services were historically produced primarily for domestic consumption, they are gradually becoming more productive, tradable and unbundled. The authors construct an index of "service exports sophistication" to document this phenomenon. Panel data estimations indicate a positive association between growth in per capita income and higher sophistication of service exports. The results also suggest that this phenomenon is growing in importance over time. Considering the limits of traditional industrialization in igniting global growth, the results provide an alternative channel.
Computing reference classes

For any system with limited statistical knowledge, the combination of evidence and the interpretation of sampling information require the determination of the right reference class (or of an adequate one). The present note (1) discusses the use of reference classes in evidential reasoning, and (2) discusses implementations of Kyburg's rules for reference classes. This paper contributes the first frank discussion of how much of Kyburg's system is needed to be powerful, how much can be computed effectively, and how much is philosophical fat.
Effectiveness of hydraulic tomography: Sandbox experiments

[1] Two sandbox experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of a sequential geostatistical inverse approach for hydraulic tomography in characterizing aquifer heterogeneity. One sandbox was packed with layered sands to represent a stratified aquifer, while the other was packed with discontinuous sand bodies of different shapes and sizes to represent a more complex and realistic heterogeneous aquifer. Parallel to the sandbox experiments, numerical experiments were conducted to assess the effects of measurement errors and uncertainties associated with laboratory data, and to diagnose the hydraulic conductivity estimates obtained from sandbox experiments. Results of this study show that our sequential inverse approach works well under realistic conditions, in spite of measurement errors and uncertainties associated with pumping rates, boundary conditions, pressure head measurements, and other parameters required by our model. The tomography was found to be ineffective if abundant head measurements were collected at closely spaced intervals in a highly stratified aquifer. On the other hand, it was found to be beneficial when pressure head measurements were limited and the geological structure was discontinuous.
Two new species of Creptotrema (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from South America

Two new digenean species belonging in Creptotrema Travassos, Artigas and Pereira, 1928 are described from specimens stored in the invertebrate collection at ...
Pair‐instability supernovae at the epoch of reionization

Pristine stars with masses between ∼140 and 260 M⊙ are theoretically predicted to die as pair-instability supernovae. These very massive progenitors could come from Population III (Pop III) stars in the early universe. We model the light curves and spectra of pair-instability supernovae over a range of masses and envelope structures. At redshifts of reionization z≥ 6, we calculate the rates and detectability of pair-instability and core-collapse supernovae, and show that with the James Webb Space Telescope it is possible to determine the contribution of Pop III and Pop II stars towards reionization by constraining the stellar initial mass function at that epoch using these supernovae. We also find the rates of Type Ia supernovae, and show that they are not rare during reionization, and can be used to probe the mass function at 4–8 M⊙. If the budget of ionizing photons was dominated by contributions from top-heavy Pop III stars, we predict that the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function will be contaminated by pair-instability supernovae.
Points of low height on elliptic curves and surfaces I: elliptic surfaces over P 1 with small d

For each of n=1,2,3 we find the minimal height ${\hat{h}}(P)$ of a nontorsion point P of an elliptic curve E over C(T) of discriminant degree d=12n (equivalently, of arithmetic genus n), and exhibit all (E,P) attaining this minimum. The minimal ${\hat{h}}(P)$ was known to equal 1/30 for n=1 (Oguiso-Shioda) and 11/420 for n=2 (Nishiyama), but the formulas for the general (E,P) were not known, nor was the fact that these are also the minima for an elliptic curve of discriminant degree 12n over a function field of any genus. For n=3 both the minimal height (23/840) and the explicit curves are new. These (E,P) also have the property that that mP is an integral point (a point of naive height zero) for each m=1,2,...,M, where M=6,8,9 for n=1,2,3; this, too, is maximal in each of the three cases.
Ordering of Energy Levels in Heisenberg Models and Applications

In a recent paper [17] we conjectured that for ferromagnetic Heisenberg models the smallest eigenvalues in the invariant subspaces of fixed total spin are monotone decreasing as a function of the total spin and called this property ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels (FOEL). We have proved this conjecture for the Heisenberg model with arbitrary spins and coupling constants on a chain [17,20]. In this paper we give a pedagogical introduction to this result and also discuss some extensions and implications. The latter include the property that the relaxation time of symmetric simple exclusion processes on a graph for which FOEL can be proved, equals the relaxation time of a random walk on the same graph with jump rates given by the coupling constants, i.e., the relaxation time is independent of the number of particles. Therefore, our results also provide a proof of Aldous' Conjecture in one dimension.
Jobs and land use within cities : a survey of theory, evidence, and policy

Over the last century, the urban spatial structure of cities has transformed dramatically from the traditional monocentric configuration to varying forms of decentralized organization. This paper reviews the theory and empirical evidence to understand the urban morphology of jobs and land use within a city. This survey highlights four broad insights: (i) The evolution of monocentric to polycentric centers has been accompanied by structural changes in the city. (ii) The internal geography of a city is an outcome of the trade-off between the pull from agglomeration economies and the push from congestion. (iii) The presence of externalities implies that the equilibrium spatial organization achieved by profit-maximizing firms may not necessarily be optimal. This justifies the role of public policy in addressing the associated market failures. (iv) The productive edge and competitiveness of a city can be enhanced by introducing policies that increase the overall connectivity to take advantage of economic opportunities across the metropolitan area. The survey also puts together a wide range of policy instruments that are useful in closing the gap between equilibrium urban spatial structure and the optimal outcome.
Does trade promote peace? squared: a gravity equation in a rectangular panel world

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the question if trade promotes peace or not? I account for heterogeneity of trade dyads over time in using panel estimation techniques. The world is modeled as a rectangle. I present models focusing on how conflict affects trade, and in another set of models how trade affects conflict. To account for simultaneity I use past values of trade and conflict, as well an instrumental variable approach. My instruments to explain conflict are military expenditures and a military capability index. The instrumental variable to explain trade is annual rainfall. I find in most setups that trade and interstate conflict are reciprocal. Trade indeed promotes peace because of welfare gained from international trade. Past values of conflict or trade have a negative impact in their respective models. Only after accounting for endogeneity in using an instrumental variable approach, the negative relationship becomes insignificant or positive in some setups. I employ a dynamic panel estimator to deal with possible limitations of the instrumental variables.
Basic notions of reaction systems

Natural Computing is a general term referring to computing taking place in nature and computing inspired by nature. There is a huge surge of research on natural computing, and one of the reasons for it is that two powerful and growing research trends happen at the same time (and actually strengthen and influence each other). These two trends are: (1) trying to understand the functioning of a living cell from the cell-as-a-whole perspective, (2) trying to free the theory of computation from classical paradigms (the ongoing transition to the so called “non-classical computation”) in order to explore a much broader notion of computation. This broader notion should take into account not only the original/classical point of view of “computation as calculation” but should also account for (be inspired by) processes, e.g., life processes, taking place in nature.
Latin American universities and the third mission : trends, challenges, and policy options

Universities in Latin America are increasingly considered instruments of social and economic development and face rising expectations in regard to supplying relevant skills, undertaking applied research, and engaging in commercial activity. The paper discusses trends and challenges within Latin American universities, as well as policy options available for strengthening their contributions to social and economic development. The so-called third mission of universities is often equated with knowledge transfer narrowly defined as licensing and commercialization of research. The paper adopts a broader approach and explores how the new role of universities affects all aspects of academic practice in Latin America, including advanced education and research. It concludes that policymakers and university managers in Latin America face an important challenge of defining a legal framework, sound management procedures, and notably, incentive systems that stimulate outreach and entrepreneurship among students and staff while recognizing and preserving the distinct roles of universities.
Wideband subarray systems: evolution of a research area

R.W.P. King has always insisted that his students look beyond the trivial to uncover the subtleties that, (more often than not) require detailed electromagnetic analysis and reveal fundamental properties. The purpose of this paper is to look at an important topic in scanning arrays to show how the interaction of obvious geometrical features and very subtle electromagnetic features are shaping this evolving technology. This paper discusses developments in the technology of transform-fed wideband scanning arrays. These antennas were introduced over 40 years ago, and proposed for a large number of scanning applications, but because of poor efficiency and high cost, have not found application in fielded systems. However, technological innovations including MEMS phase shifters and digital beamforming have re-focused attention on these systems, which for many applications remain the most viable array architecture for large wide band arrays.
Minimum HGR correlation principle: From marginals to joint distribution

Given low order moment information over the random variables X = (X 1 , X 2 , …, X p ) and Y, what distribution minimizes the Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Renyi (HGR) maximal correlation coefficient between X and Y, while remains faithful to the given moments? The answer to this question is important especially in order to fit models over (X, Y) with minimum dependence among the random variables X and Y. In this paper, we investigate this question first in the continuous setting by showing that the jointly Gaussian distribution achieves the minimum HGR correlation coefficient among distributions with the given first and second order moments. Then, we pose a similar question in the discrete scenario by fixing the pairwise marginals of the random variables X and Y. Subsequently, we derive a lower bound for the HGR correlation coefficient over the class of distributions with fixed pairwise marginals. Then we show that this lower bound is tight if there exists a distribution with certain additive structure satisfying the given pairwise marginals. Moreover, the distribution with the additive structure achieves the minimum HGR correlation coefficient. Finally, we conclude by showing that the event of obtaining pairwise marginals containing an additive structured distribution has a positive Lebesgue measure over the probability simplex.
Achieving All with No Parameters: AdaNormalHedge

We study the classic online learning problem of predicting with expert advice, and propose a truly parameter-free and adaptive algorithm that achieves several objectives simultaneously without using any prior information. The main component of this work is an improved version of the NormalHedge.DT algorithm (Luo and Schapire, 2014), called AdaNormalHedge. On one hand, this new algorithm ensures small regret when the competitor has small loss and almost constant regret when the losses are stochastic. On the other hand, the algorithm is able to compete with any convex combination of the experts simultaneously, with a regret in terms of the relative entropy of the prior and the competitor. This resolves an open problem proposed by Chaudhuri et al. (2009) and Chernov and Vovk (2010). Moreover, we extend the results to the sleeping expert setting and provide two applications to illustrate the power of AdaNormalHedge: 1) competing with time-varying unknown competitors and 2) predicting almost as well as the best pruning tree. Our results on these applications significantly improve previous work from different aspects, and a special case of the first application resolves another open problem proposed by Warmuth and Koolen (2014) on whether one can simultaneously achieve optimal shifting regret for both adversarial and stochastic losses.
Synthesis and Application of Peptide Dendrimers As Protein Mimetics

The use of peptides to mimic a portion of a protein structure is a challenging and powerful tool in the discovery of new drugs. In native proteins, discontinuous bioactive peptide surfaces are held together in a particular conformation by the structural rigidity of the protein. Approaches to mimicking a structural surface center on bringing the potential peptide sequences together by assembling the peptide chains on a template. These templates can be flexible dendrimeric or cyclic peptides as well as more rigid organic molecules. The Multiple Antigen Peptide (MAP) system represents a novel approach to preparing peptide immunogens. The MAP consists of an inner core matrix built up of a large layer of Lys residues and a surface of peptide chains attached to the core matrix. Because of its dendrimeric structure, MAP can be very useful as a template for assembling potential peptide surfaces. A variation of this procedure, the cyclic Multiple Antigen Peptide (cMAP) approach, is also presented here. Having branched multiple closed-chain architectures, the cMAP system is often a superior approach for protein mimetics because the multiple constrained peptides can mimic bioactive conformations. Whether to select this approach over MAP depends on the properties of the peptides, but usually if the peptides are too small to adopt a stable conformation on their own, incorporation of a cyclic structure may be necessary. MAPs have been applied to areas of study such as inhibitors, artificial proteins, affinity purifications, and intracellular transport.
A low temperature expansion for matrix quantum mechanics

We analyze solutions to loop-truncated Schwinger-Dyson equations in massless $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ and $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ Wess-Zumino matrix quantum mechanics at finite temperature, where conventional perturbation theory breaks down due to IR divergences. We find a rather intricate low temperature expansion that involves fractional power scaling in the temperature, based on a consistent “soft collinear” approximation. We conjecture that at least in the $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ matrix quantum mechanics, such scaling behavior holds to all perturbative orders in the 1/N expansion. We discuss some preliminary results in analyzing the gauged supersymmetric quantum mechanics using Schwinger-Dyson equations, and comment on the connection to metastable microstates of black holes in the holographic dual of BFSS matrix quantum mechanics.
Scale-Dependent Growth from a Transition in Dark Energy Dynamics

We investigate the observational consequences of the quintessence field rolling to and oscillating near a minimum in its potential, if it happens close to the present epoch ($z\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.2$). We show that in a class of models, the oscillations lead to a rapid growth of the field fluctuations and the gravitational potential on subhorizon scales. The growth in the gravitational potential occurs on time scales $\ensuremath{\ll}{H}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This effect is present even when the quintessence parameters are chosen to reproduce an expansion history consistent with observations. For linearized fluctuations, we find that although the gravitational potential power spectrum is enhanced in a scale-dependent manner, the shape of the dark matter/galaxy power spectrum is not significantly affected. We find that the best constraints on such a transition in the quintessence field is provided via the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect in the CMB-temperature power spectrum. Going beyond the linearized regime, the quintessence field can fragment into large, localized, long-lived excitations (oscillons) with sizes comparable to galaxy clusters; this fragmentation could provide additional observational constraints. Two quoted signatures of modified gravity are a scale-dependent growth of the gravitational potential and a difference between the matter power spectrum inferred from measurements of lensing and galaxy clustering. Here, both effects are achieved by a minimally coupled scalar field in general relativity with a canonical kinetic term. In other words we show that, with some tuning of parameters, scale-dependent growth does not necessarily imply a violation of General Relativity.
New weighted Rogers-Ramanujan partition theorems and their implications

This paper has a two-fold purpose. First, by considering a reformulation of a deep theorem of Gollnitz, we obtain a new weighted partition identity involving the Rogers-Ramanujan partitions, namely, partitions into parts differing by at least two. Consequences of this include Jacobi's celebrated triple product identity for theta functions, Sylvester's famous refinement of Euler's theorem, as well as certain weighted partition identities. Next, by studying partitions with prescribed bounds on successive ranks and replacing these with weighted Rogers-Ramanujan partitions, we obtain two new sets of theorems - a set of three theorems involving partitions into parts ≢ 0, ±i (mod 6), and a set of three theorems involving partitions into parts ≢ 0, ±i (mod 7), i = 1, 2, 3.
Kappa distribution in the presence of a potential energy

The present paper develops the theory and formulations of the kappa distributions that describe particle systems characterized by a nonzero potential energy. As yet, kappa distributions were used for the statistical description of the velocity or kinetic energy of particles but not of the potential energy. With the results provided here, it is straightforward to use the developed kappa distributions to describe any particle population of space plasmas subject to a nonnegligible potential energy. Starting from the kappa distribution of the Hamiltonian function, we develop the distributions that describe either the complete phase space or the marginal spaces of positions and velocities. The study shows, among others: (a) The kappa distributions of velocities that describe space plasmas can be vastly different from the standard formulation of the kappa distribution, because of the presence of a potential energy; the correct formulation should be given by the marginal kappa distribution of velocities by integrating the distribution of the Hamiltonian over the potential energy. (b) The long-standing problem of the divergence of the Boltzmannian exponential distribution for bounded radial potentials is solved using kappa distributions of negative kappa index. (c) Anisotropic distributions of velocities can exist in the presence of a velocity-dependent potential. (d) A variety of applications, including derivations/verifications of the following: (i) the Jeans', the most frequent, and the maximum radii in spherical/linear gravitational potentials; (ii) the Virial theorem for power law potentials; (iii) the generalized barometric formula, (iv) the plasma density profiles in Saturnian magnetosphere, and (v) the average electron magnetic moment in Earth's magnetotail.
Describing Common Human Visual Actions in Images

Which common human actions and interactions are recognizable in monocular still images? Which involve objects and/or other people? How many is a person performing at a time? We address these questions by exploring the actions and interactions that are detectable in the images of the MS COCO dataset. We make two main contributions. First, a list of 140 common ‘visual actions’, obtained by analyzing the largest online verb lexicon currently available for English (VerbNet) and human sentences used to describe images in MS COCO. Second, a complete set of annotations for those ‘visual actions’, composed of subject-object and associated verb, which we call COCO-a (a for ‘actions’). COCO-a is larger than existing action datasets in terms of number instances of actions, and is unique because it is data-driven, rather than experimenter-biased. Other unique features are that it is exhaustive, and that all subjects and objects are localized. A statistical analysis of the accuracy of our annotations and of each action, interaction and subject-object combination is provided.
Law Enforcement Officers’ High-Visibility Safety Apparel: The Effect of Their Attitudes on Wearing Behavior

This study aims to investigate how law enforcement officers’ attitudes toward occupational attributes of safety, appearance, and comfort affect their wearing behavior of High-Visibility Safety Apparel (HVSA). The results suggest that attitudes toward safety and appearance positively affect wearing behavior of HVSA. To the contrary, an attitude toward comfort is not associated with wearing behavior of HVSA. In addition, environmental factors such as providing organizational safety culture, regulation, and training are found to be necessary for changes in an individual’s attitudes and behavior toward HVSA.
Designing molecules to bypass the singlet?triplet bottleneck in the electroluminescence of organic light-emitting-diode materials

Electroluminescence in organic light-emitting-diode (OLED) materials occurs via the recombination of excitonic electron–hole pairs. Only the singlet excitons of commonly used OLED materials, e.g., aluminium trihydroxyquinoline (AlQ3), decay radiatively, limiting the external quantum efficiency to a maximum 25%. Thus 75% of the energy is lost due to the triplet bottleneck for radiative recombination. We consider molecules derived from AlQ3 which bypass the triplet bottleneck by designing structures which contain strong spin–orbit coupling. As a first stage of this work, we calculate the ground-state energies and vertical excitation energies of Al arsenoquinolines and Al boroarsenoquinolines. It is found that the substitution of N by As leads to very favourable results, while the boron substitution leads to no advantage.
Die Aktivierung von molekularem Sauerstoff

Molekularer Sauerstoff als Ligand in Ubergangsmetallkomplexen ist fur die Biochemie sowie die anorganische Chemie und die Organometallchemie von Interesse. In diesem Fortschrittsbericht werden mehrere Sauerstoffkomplexe sowie Kinetik und Mechanismus ihrer Bildung vorgestellt. Auf der Basis einer Molekulorbital-Beschreibung der Elektronenstruktur des Sauerstoffmolekuls und der Bindung in den Metall-Sauerstoff-Komplexen wird der Einflus anderer Liganden auf die Aktivierung von O2 diskutiert. Auserdem wird auf die Reaktionen des koordinierten Sauerstoffs eingegangen.
Photovoltaic materials and devices for terrestrial solar energy applications

Abstract A review is given of the present status of solar cell research and development. Economic goals are the driving force for this research, which can be divided into four main areas: flat plate Si cells, thin film devices, concentrating systems and emerging materials/innovative concepts. Areas where advances in physics have been made are pointed out, as well as areas where more understanding is needed.
QUASI-PARTICLES AND GAUGE INVARIANCE IN THE THEORY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Ideas and techniques known in quantum electrodynamics have been applied to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. In an approximation which corresponds to a generalization of the Hartree-Fock fields, one can write down an integral equation defining the self-energy of an electron in an electron gas with phonon and Coulomb interaction. The form of the equation implies the existence of a particular solution which does not follow from perturbation theory, and which leads to the energy gap equation and the quasi-particle picture analogous to Bogoliubov's.The gauge invariance, to the first order in the external electromagnetic field, can be maintained in the quasi-particle picture by taking into account a certain class of corrections to the chargecurrent operator due to the phonon and Coulomb interaction. In fact, generalized forms of the Ward identity are obtained between certain vertex parts and the self-energy. The Meissner effect calculation is thus rendered strictly gauge invariant, but essentially keeping the BCS result unaltered for transverse fields.It is shown also that the integral equation for vertex parts allows homogeneous solutions which describe collective excitations of quasi-particle pairs, and the nature and effects of such collective states are discussed.
An introduction to autonomous control systems

The functions, characteristics, and benefits of autonomous control are outlined. An overview of some relevant research literature in the field of intelligent and autonomous control is given together with references that outline research directions. An autonomous control functional architecture for future space vehicles that incorporates the concepts and characteristics described is presented. The controller is hierarchical, with an execution level (the lowest level), coordination level (middle level), and management and organization level (highest level). The general characteristics of the overall architecture, including those of the three levels, are explained, and an example to illustrate their functions is given. Mathematical models for autonomous systems, including 'logical' discrete event system models, are discussed. Some recent results from the areas of planning and expert systems, machine learning, artificial neural networks, and the area restructurable controls are briefly outlined. >
Grid Generation Techniques in Computational Fluid Dynamics

Revue des differentes methodes. On montre que les regions tridimensionnelles sont mieux traitees par fragmentation du champ en sous-regions avec generation de grilles dans chaque sous-region. Interet des grilles adaptatives couplees a des solutions physiques
Optimization of bonded joints

A procedure for minimizing the elastic shear stress concentration in adhesive lap joints is presented. The proposed method is based upon tapering the adherends to achieve smooth stiffness transitions and uniform shear stresses. Both single and double lap splices are considered, but numerical examples are restricted to the case of double lap joints. Nonisotropic materials and nonoptimum design limitations, such as minimum and maximum thickness adherends, load-line eccentricity, and peel stresses are treated, and typical results are presented.
Does capital account openness lower inflation

This paper investigates the relationship between capital account openness and inflation since the 1980s. It argues that widespread capital account liberalization during the last two decades appears to have contributed to the worldwide disinflation observed during the same period. The paper builds a theoretical model to motivate the presence of a negative link between financial integration and inflation. It tests the prediction of the theoretical model by employing static and dynamic panel data procedures. Financial integration appears to discipline monetary authorities, or to help them convince the private sector that they will be more disciplined in the future.
Star Products with Separation of Variables Admitting a Smooth Extension

Given a complex manifold M with an open dense subset Ω endowed with a pseudo-Kahler form ω which cannot be smoothly extended to a larger open subset, we consider various examples where the corresponding Kahler–Poisson structure and a star product with separation of variables on (Ω, ω) admit smooth extensions to M. We give a simple criterion of the existence of a smooth extension of a star product and apply it to these examples.
Dyadic influence of hope and optimism on patient marital satisfaction among couples with advanced breast cancer

An estimated 10–40 % of breast cancer (BC) patients report negative changes to their partnered relationships. Literature suggests that for these patients, marital satisfaction is related to depression and other quality of life factors which are associated with survivorship and treatment response. However, existing literature does not provide a clear explanation of the factors that strengthen vs. create strain in couples facing cancer. Given the benefits of a satisfying relationship to patient quality of life, it is important to better understand factors that put patients at greater risk for marital difficulties. This study examined the differential and combined roles of hope and optimism among BC patients and their partners on patient marital satisfaction. Fifty-six breast cancer patient-partner dyads completed study questionnaires as part of a larger study. Regression analyses were used to examine the main and interaction effects of patient and partner hope and optimism on patient marital satisfaction. Higher patient and partner hope predicted greater patient marital satisfaction, whereas optimism did not. These results are divergent from the literature on optimism and well-being, which shows the importance of studying these two traits concurrently. Interaction effects suggest certain combinations of patient and partner hope and optimism are more beneficial than others for patient marital satisfaction and suggest a dyadic approach is important for investigation of well-being in breast cancer.
A FEATURE MOVIE OF SiO EMISSION 20-100 AU FROM THE MASSIVE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECT ORION SOURCE I

We present multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array imaging of the 28SiO v = 1 and v = 2, J = 1-0 maser emission toward the massive young stellar object (YSO) Orion Source I. Both SiO transitions were observed simultaneously with an angular resolution of ~0.5 mas (~0.2 AU for d = 414 pc) and a spectral resolution of ~0.2 km s–1. Here we explore the global properties and kinematics of the emission through two 19-epoch animated movies spanning 21 months (from 2001 March 19 to 2002 December 10). These movies provide the most detailed view to date of the dynamics and temporal evolution of molecular material within ~20-100 AU of a massive (8 M ☉) YSO. As in previous studies, we find that the bulk of the SiO masers surrounding Source I lie in an -shaped locus; the emission in the south and east arms is predominantly blueshifted, and emission in the north and west is predominantly redshifted. In addition, bridges of intermediate-velocity emission are observed connecting the red and blue sides of the emission distribution. We have measured proper motions of over 1000 individual maser features and found that these motions are characterized by a combination of radially outward migrations along the four main maser-emitting arms and motions tangent to the intermediate-velocity bridges. We interpret the SiO masers as arising from a wide-angle bipolar wind emanating from a rotating, edge-on disk. The detection of maser features along extended, curved filaments suggests that magnetic fields may play a role in launching and/or shaping the wind. Our observations appear to support a picture in which stars with masses as high as at least 8 M ☉ form via disk-mediated accretion. However, we cannot yet rule out that the Source I disk may have been formed or altered following a recent close encounter.
Calcium as the associative signal for a model of Hebbian plasticity: application to multi-input environments.

Abstract The sign and magnitude of bi-directional synaptic plasticity have been shown to depend on: the rate of presynaptic stimulation, the level of postsynaptic depolarization, and the precise relative timing between pre- and postsynaptic spikes. It has been proposed that these different induction paradigms can coexist, and be accounted for by a single learning rule that depends on the dynamics of intracellular calcium concentration. We extend this rule to a multi-synaptic environment, where collective properties such as cooperativity, competition and selectivity can be investigated.
Microturbulence, systematic motions, and line formation in molecular clouds

Microturbulence and systematic motions are viewed as simplifying assumptions made to facilitate treatment of line formation in molecular clouds, and line intensities calculated in the two approximations are compared to estimate how uncertainties about the actual line-broadening mechanism affect the interpretation of molecular emission lines. For lines formed by two-level molecules in an isothermal homogeneous cloud, the alternative assumptions lead to peak and integrated line intensities which agree within the differences (up to a factor of 3) associated with the ignorance of cloud geometry. New multilevel calculations for CO in the same cloud model bear out the generality of this result. It follows that, within the geometrical uncertainties, the Sobolev (1960) approximation may be used confidently in the numerous applications for which this simple cloud model suffices.
Quality control, enterprise liability, and disintermediation in managed care.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has returned the problem of medical error to the top of the health-care agenda. Its report that 44,000 to 98,000 patients die each year as a result of medical errors in American hospitals has renewed scholarly interest in health system quality control. In To Err Is Human, the IOM provides a vivid picture of a health-care system riven with serious quality problems. It calls for systems-based error-reduction methods borrowed from other high-risk industries and forcefully argues against the traditional tendency to assign accountability primarily to individual physicians. Most errors, the IOM argues, can be successfully addressed by engineering systemic fail-safe protections against the inevitable failings of human actors.
Modern Solids Control: A Centrifuge Dewatering-Process Study

Le systeme de controle des particules solides provenant du forage consiste a deshydrater par centrifugation les boues flocculees, a les stabiliser chimiquement et a les incorporer au sol pres du forage. Les effluents de deshydratation sont melanges a l'eau stockee pour la preparation des boues de forage. La faisabilite de ce systeme est etudiee experimentalement en laboratoire et au cours d'essai en vraie grandeur
A BRIEF HISTORY OF “NOCTURNAL MYOPIA” AND RELATED PHENOMENA

(1952). A Brief History of “Nocturnal Myopia” and Related Phenomena. Clinical and Experimental Optometry: Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 252-260.
Theory of Discrete Vortex Noise

A solution is obtained for the noise induced by vortex shedding from the trailing edge of a semiinfinite flat plate. The method of solution for the potential flow is based on a procedure whereby an inner incompressible flow is matched to an outer acoustic field. Acoustic wave fronts are calculated and compared qualitatively with schlieren photographs of similar flows. The acoustic directivity pattern is obtained, and the extreme sensitivity of this parameter to the incompressible flow near the trailing edge of the plate is investigated.
WAS THE SUN BORN IN A MASSIVE CLUSTER

A number of authors have argued that the Sun must have been born in a cluster of no more than several thousand stars, on the basis that, in a larger cluster, close encounters between the Sun and other stars would have truncated the outer solar system or excited the outer planets into eccentric orbits. However, this dynamical limit is in tension with meteoritic evidence that the solar system was exposed to a nearby supernova during or shortly after its formation; a several-thousand-star cluster is much too small to produce a massive star whose lifetime is short enough to have provided the enrichment. In this paper, we revisit the dynamical limit in the light of improved observations of the properties of young clusters. We use a series of scattering simulations to measure the velocity-dependent cross-section for disruption of the outer solar system by stellar encounters, and use this cross-section to compute the probability of a disruptive encounter as a function of birth cluster properties. We find that, contrary to prior work, the probability of disruption is small regardless of the cluster mass, and that it actually decreases rather than increases with cluster mass. Our results differ from prior work for threemore » main reasons: (1) unlike in most previous work, we compute a velocity-dependent cross-section and properly integrate over the cluster mass-dependent velocity distribution of incoming stars; (2) we recognize that {approx}90% of clusters have lifetimes of a few crossing times, rather than the 10-100 Myr adopted in many earlier models; and (3) following recent observations, we adopt a mass-independent surface density for embedded clusters, rather than a mass-independent radius as assumed many earlier papers. Our results remove the tension between the dynamical limit and the meteoritic evidence, and suggest that the Sun was born in a massive cluster. A corollary to this result is that close encounters in the Sun's birth cluster are highly unlikely to truncate the Kuiper Belt unless the Sun was born in one of the unusual clusters that survived for tens of Myr. However, we find that encounters could plausibly produce highly eccentric Kuiper Belt objects such as Sedna.« less
Self-interaction and gauge invariance

A simple unified closed form derivation of the non-linearities of the Einstein, Yang-Mills and spinless (e.g. chiral) meson systems is given. For the first two, the non-linearities are required by locality and consistency; in all cases, they are determined by the conserved currents associated with the initial (linear) gauge invariance of the first kind. Use of first-order formalism leads uniformly to a simple cubic self-interaction.
Global minimization of rational functions and the nearest GCDs

This paper discusses the global minimization of rational functions with or without constraints. We propose sum of squares relaxations to solve these problems, and study their properties. Some special features are discussed. First, we consider minimization of rational functions without constraints. Second, as an application, we show how to find the nearest common divisors of polynomials via unconstrained minimization of rational functions. Third, we discuss minimizing rational functions under some constraints which are described by polynomials.
A mathematical model of the effects of Co2 on stomatal dynamics

Abstract We extend a previous model of stomatal dynamics (Delwiche & Cooke 1977) which accounted for hydraulic feedback effects but which omitted CO 2 feedback effects. The present work includes both feedback loops in a model featuring the CO 2 chemistry of the guard cell. The model consists of three first order non-linear differential equations which are treated by numerical integration.
Computable analysis of the abstract Cauchy problem in a Banach space and its applications I

We study computability of the abstract linear Cauchy problem ((1)) where A is a linear operator, possibly unbounded, on a Banach space X. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for A such that the solution operator K: x ↦ u of the problem (1) is computable. For studying computability we use the representation approach to computable analysis developed by Weihrauch and others. This approach is consistent with the model used by Pour-El/Richards. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flexural Properties of Flexible Conductors Interconnecting Electrical Substation Equipment

This paper presents the results of quasi-static bending tests on two different flexible conductors (cables) used to interconnect electrical substation equipment. The main objectives were to observe the flexural response of flexible conductors and to determine their moment–curvature relationships under axial tension. The results of the tests indicate that the force–displacement behavior of the conductors is linear-elastic with negligible hysteretic response. For most combinations of axial tension and lateral displacement, the flexural stiffness is very small, and tends toward the minimum possible flexural stiffness, corresponding to the situation where all the strands are slipping past each other, and are unable to transfer any shear force. Only for very large axial tension values does the flexural stiffness approach the maximum possible flexural stiffness, corresponding to the situation where all the strands are able to transfer longitudinal shear forces over one another, and the conductor section acts as...
Synthesis, X-Ray Crystallography, and Reactions of N-Acyl and N-Carbamoyl Succinimides

Abstract A collection of N-acyl and N-carbamoyl succinimides were prepared by acylation of succinimide with acyl chlorides or by ethylene dichloride (EDC) coupling of carboxylic acids. The x-ray crystal structures of N-benzoyl and N-p-nitrobenzoyl succinimides were determined. The N-acyl succinimides were effective in acylating primary amines, a secondary amine, and an aromatic amine. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.
Characterization Of Epoxy Curing Using High Heating Rate DSC

(2006). Characterization Of Epoxy Curing Using High Heating Rate DSC. Materials Research Innovations: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. xxii-xxv.
MeGaDiP: a wide-area media gateway discovery protocol

In wide-area and heterogeneous environments, it is necessary to deploy media gateways at strategic locations within the networks, in order to deliver customized and compose-able multimedia services to individual users. In many cases, media gateways have to be dynamically discovered, because (1) a host may not know a priori all the media gateways it will possibly use, and (2) the change of host location or end-to-end resource condition can make a known media gateway no longer useful. However, current general service location mechanisms are not sufficient to perform media gateway discovery. In this paper, we present MeGaDiP, a wide-area Media Gateway Discovery Protocol. It is based on the same basic architecture of the general service location mechanisms, and can be seen as a discovery heuristics that will be invoked first when discovering a media gateway. The key properties of MeGaDiP include: (1) awareness of both source and destination end hosts: any discovered media gateway will not create an excessively long path between the end hosts via the gateway; (2) resource-awareness: any discovered media gateway is likely to have sufficient end-to-end resources to perform its service; (3) return of discovery results with low latency and high validity by caching and resource validation; (4) small amount of management traffic, regardless of the number of media gateways and end hosts in the environment. Furthermore, an extension to MeGaDiP using a hierarchical architecture is proposed to improve the discovery success rate. The initial performance results from both our prototype implementation and simulation show the soundness of MeGaDiP.
Very Efficient Cyclic Shifts on Hypercubes

Cyclic shifts are intrinsic operations in many parallel algorithms. Therefore, it is important to execute them efficiently. In this note, we present and analyze an algorithm for the cyclic shift operation onn-dimensional (distributed memory) hypercubes. On asynchronous hypercubes, we have shown that all previously known algorithms for cyclic shifts need local message buffers. In order to overcome this, we present an algorithm that always uses link-disjoint paths for routing. We prove that by using this algorithm, any cyclic shift can be realized by using at most 4/3nsteps, without using any local message buffers.
Dispersion models and estimation of dispersion effects in replicated factorial experiments

Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of estimation of dispersion effects of factors in replicated factorial experiments under a general dispersion model. We also characterize the arrays so that the estimation of dispersion effects is possible. The problem considered in this paper arises in quality control studies and the methodologies are applicable to industrial experiments.
Guidance From Vaccination Jurisprudence

Antommaria (2013) steps outside of traditional ethical analysis for compulsory vaccination programs for health care personnel (HCP) by utilizing an ethics framework for public health to provide a b...