cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular classification of selective oestrogen receptor modulators on the basis of gene expression profiles of breast cancer cells expressing oestrogen receptor α

The purpose of this study was to classify selective oestrogen receptor modulators based on gene expression profiles produced in breast cancer cells expressing either wtERα or mutant351ERα. In total, 54 microarray experiments were carried out by using a commercially available Atlas cDNA Expression Arrays (Clontech), containing 588 cancer-related genes. Nine sets of data were generated for each cell line following 24 h of treatment: expression data were obtained for cells treated with vehicle EtOH (Control); with 10−9 or 10−8 M oestradiol; with 10−6 M 4-hydroxytamoxifen; with 10−6 M raloxifene; with 10−6 M idoxifene, with 10−6 M EM 652, with 10−6 M GW 7604; with 5×10−5 M resveratrol and with 10−6 M ICI 182,780. We developed a new algorithm ‘Expression Signatures’ to classify compounds on the basis of differential gene expression profiles. We created dendrograms for each cell line, in which branches represent relationships between compounds. Additionally, clustering analysis was performed using different subsets of genes to assess the robustness of the analysis. In general, only small differences between gene expression profiles treated with compounds were observed with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.83 to 0.98. This observation may be explained by the use of the same cell context for treatments with compounds that essentially belong to the same class of drugs with oestrogen receptors related mechanisms. The most surprising observation was that ICI 182,780 clustered together with oestrodiol and raloxifene for cells expressing wtERα and clustered together with EM 652 for cells expressing mutant351ERα. These data provide a rationale for a more precise and elaborate study in which custom made oligonucleotide arrays can be used with comprehensive sets of genes known to have consensus and putative oestrogen response elements in their promoter regions.
Guanine Nucleotide and Magnesium Ion Regulation of the Interaction of Gonadotropic and β-Adrenergic Receptors with Their Hormones: A Comparative Study Using a Single Membrane System*

The effects of guanine nucleotides and magnesium (Mg) on the interaction of catecholamines and gonadotropins with their receptors were studied in rabbit luteal membanes. The affinity of the luteal β-receptor for the agonists isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, as measured by inhibition of [125I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol ([125I]IHYP) binding, was increased by 2 mM MgCl2. The addition of 100 μM GTP or MgCl2 in combination with GTP resulted in a reduction in the affinity of the β-receptor for these agonists. These effects of Mg and GTP were agonist specific, as the affinity of the luteal β-receptor for the antagonists propranolol and IHYP were not altered by Mg or GTP. The potencies with which isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine competed with [125I]IHYP for the luteal β-receptor and activated adenylyl cyclase activity indicated that the rabbit luteal adrenergic receptors were of the β1 type. Comparison of the Kd values for these agonists calculated from binding experiments in the absen...
Effect of flow on hydraulic conductivity and reflection coefficient of rabbit mesentery.

Objective:To measure the hydraulic conductivity and reflection coefficient for albumin, as defined by the Starling equation, in rabbit mesentery. Methods:A section of rabbit mesentery was fixed between two chambers filled with lactated Ringer solution. Flow (Q) of Ringer solution was measured across the mesentery at driving pressures (ΔP) between 1 and 6 cm H2O. Hydraulic conductivity was proportional to the slope of the Q-ΔP curve. At constant ΔP (∼−2, −4, or −6 cm H2O), flow was measured at three different albumin concentration differences (0.5, 1, and 1.5/g/dl). Unstirred layer effects were minimized by magnetic stirrers. Reflection coefficient was the negative of the slope of the Q-Δπ curve divided by the slope of the Q-ΔP curve, where Δπ was the albumin osmotic pressure difference. Hydraulic conductivity was measured before and after testicular hyaluronidase was added to the Ringer solution. Results:There was no significant difference in conductivity per unit area (Lp) for the three different driving...
Induced Overexpression of Protein Kinase D1 Stimulates Mitogenic Signaling in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma PANC-1 Cells

Neurotensin (NT) stimulates protein kinase D1 (PKD1), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and DNA synthesis in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1. To determine the effect of PKD1 overexpression on these biological responses, we generated inducible stable PANC-1 clones that express wild-type (WT) or kinase-dead (K618N) forms of PKD1 in response to the ecdysone analog ponasterone-A (PonA). NT potently stimulated c-Jun Ser(63) phosphorylation in both wild type and clonal derivatives of PANC-1 cells. PonA-induced expression of WT, but not K618N PKD1, rapidly blocked NT-mediated c-Jun Ser(63) phosphorylation either at the level of or upstream of MKK4, a dual-specificity kinase that leads to JNK activation. This is the first demonstration that PKD1 suppresses NT-induced JNK/cJun activation in PANC-1 cells. In contrast, PKD1 overexpression markedly increased the duration of NT-induced ERK activation in these cells. The reciprocal influence of PKD1 signaling on pro-mitogenicERK and pro-apopotic JNK/c-Jun pathways prompted us to examine whether PKD1 overexpression promotes DNA synthesis and proliferation of PANC-1 cells. Our results show that PKD1 overexpression increased DNA synthesis and cell numbers of PANC-1 cells cultured in regular dishes or in polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate [Poly-(HEMA)]-coated dishes to eliminate cell adhesion (anchorage-independent growth). Furthermore, PKD1 overexpression markedly enhanced DNA synthesis induced by NT (1-10 nM). These results indicate that PKD1 mediates mitogenic signaling in PANC-1 and suggests that this enzyme could be a novel target for the development of therapeutic drugs that restrict the proliferation of these cells.
Stochastic Behavior of Resonant Nearly Linear Oscillator Systems in the Limit of Zero Nonlinear Coupling

This paper investigates the classical motion of oscillator systems governed by Hamiltonians having the nearly linear form $H=\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{N}{k=1}\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{k}}{2}({{P}_{k}}^{2}+{{Q}_{k}}^{2})+\ensuremath{\gamma}({V}_{3}+{V}_{4}+\ensuremath{\cdots}),$ where $N$ is the number of oscillators, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{k}$ are the positive frequencies of the harmonic approximation, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is the nonlinear coupling parameter, and ${V}_{3}$, ${V}_{4}$, etc., are cubic, quartic, etc., polynomials in ${Q}_{k}$ and ${P}_{k}$. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate that macroscopic irreversibility is an inherent property of physical, nearly linear oscillator systems even in the limit as $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ tends to zero. Irreversibility occurs for these systems because of the appearance of resonance overlap, which causes the system trajectories to wander more or less randomly over part or most of the energy surface. Resonance overlap can occur for arbitrarily small but nonzero $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ provided that $N\ensuremath{\ge}3$ and that the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{k}$ satisfy commensurability conditions which allow the ${V}_{3}$ and/or ${V}_{4}$ interaction terms to resonantly couple all internal degrees of freedom. These results are demonstrated through an extensive computer study of the case $N=3$. This case is especially suitable for study since it possesses much of the complexity of the full many-body problem and yet is sufficiently simple to yield to level-curve analysis which provides an especially lucid pictorial display of the random motion of individual trajectories. In addition, the computer study shows that one consequence of resonance overlap is that system trajectories originally close to each other in phase space can move apart more or less exponentially with time. This exponential stirring of phase space is of the type which Gibbs envisioned as leading to irreversible behavior. In particular, the slightest uncertainty of the initial state leads very quickly to complete uncertainty of the final state. Moreover, resonant oscillator systems share ownership of exponentially divergent trajectories with gaseous systems. Indeed, this property, which is a direct consequence of the equations of motion, is perhaps the ultimate source of irreversibility.
Perioperative myocardial ischemic episodes are related to hematocrit level in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND: The anemia associated with perioperative blood conservation has raised concerns regarding the safety of these strategies in patients with ischemic cardiovascular disease. Therefore the relationship between hematocrit level and myocardial ischemic episodes in a group of elderly patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred ninety patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of three blood conservation groups: preoperative autologous blood donation, acute normovolemic hemodilution, and preoperative erythropoietin therapy with acute normovolemic hemodilution. Patients underwent ambulatory electrocardiography monitoring to evaluate for myocardial ischemia at randomization (baseline), 7 days preoperatively, throughout surgery, and for 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Myocardial ischemic episodes occurred in 61 (34%) of 181 evaluable patients. Patients with hematocrit levels < 28 percent immediately after surgery were significantly (p = 0.05) more likely to have intraoperative and postoperative ECG ischemic episodes. Intraoperative ischemia and tachycardia correlated (r = 0.21, p = 0.008) with hematocrit levels. Hematocrit levels after surgery were associated with postoperative ischemia (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and duration of myocardial ischemic episodes (r = 0.14, p = 0.04). After adjusting for other risk factors, intraoperative tachycardia episodes, hematocrit level < 28 percent immediately after surgery, and risk factors for coronary artery disease were independently associated with the likelihood of intraoperative ischemia (r = 0.36, p = 0.002, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.73). Similarly, tachycardia episodes and hematocrit levels < 28 percent immediately after surgery were independently associated with ischemic episodes during the first postoperative day (r = 0.30, p = 0.004, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.71). CONCLUSION: A hematocrit level < 28 percent is independently associated with risk for myocardial ischemia during and after noncardiac surgery. Avoidance of cardiac complications may require higher transfusion thresholds, closer attention to tachycardia, or better monitoring for ischemia.
Flexible Consumer Demand Functions and Linear Estimation: Comment

In a recent article in this Journal, Swamy and Binswanger (SB) claim that consumer demand equations in real income and relative prices can be obtained directly by differentiating a cost function in which output is replaced by real income. The advantage of this approach, they maintain, is that we can obtain observable demand functions, linear in parameters, which are integrable into wellbehaved expenditure and indirect utility functions. This approach to deriving demand functions, however, is considerably less general than SB maintain. Their method of derivation assumes that changes in utility can be approximated by changes in real income. Changes in utility are proportional to changes in real income for any given price vector, but this proportionality factor will change when prices change unless indifference curves are everywhere parallel. This latter condition obtains only when the direct utility function is homothetic, implying unitary income elasticities throughout. This means, as a description of the real world, SB's method can have only local validity, not global validity like Roy's identity. This also means that the three functional forms proposed by SB are best regarded as statistical demand functions, integrable into an arbitrary neoclassical utility function only at some base point. SB's method of deriving consumer demand functions is to replace the utility level in the Hicksian demand functions by real income. They maintain this approach is possible because "certain index numbers can be estimated which, when used to deflate nominal income, provide estimates of changes in real income that correspond exactly to changes in utility levels" (p. 676). The problem with this approach is that, in contrast to output in producer theory, utility is unobservable. Thus, arbitrary changes in utility cannot be calculated from changes in real income unless we know the parameters of the utility functions. (This is true regardless of how accurately real income is measured!) This is equivalent to saying that, in general, the relationship between changes in utility and changes in real income is not independent of prices. To verify this claim, consider the total differential of the Hicksian demand function, Xi(U,P), which can be written (1) d(log X,)
Nickel deficiency in RENi2–xP2 (RE=La, Ce, Pr). Combined crystallographic and physical property studies

Abstract Large single crystals from RENi2–xP2 (RE=La, Ce, Pr) were synthesized from the pure elements using Sn as a metal flux, and their structures were established by X-ray crystallography. The title compounds were confirmed to crystallize in the body-centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2 structure type (space group I4/mmm (No. 139); Pearson's symbol tI10), but with a significant homogeneity range with respect to the transition metal. Systematic synthetic work, coupled with accurate structure refinements indicated strong correlation between the degree of Ni-deficiency and the reaction conditions. According to the temperature dependent dc magnetization measurements, LaNi2–xP2 (x=0.30(1)), as expected, is Pauli-like paramagnetic in the studied temperature regime, while the Ce-analog CeNi2–xP2 (x=0.28(1)) shows the characteristics of a mixed valent Ce3+/Ce4+ system with a possible Kondo temperature scale on the order of 1000 K. For three different PrNi2–xP2 (x⩽0.5) samples, the temperature and field dependence of the magnetization indicated typical local moment 4f-magnetism and a stable Pr3+ ground state, with subtle variations of TC as a function of the concentration of Ni defects. Field-dependent heat capacity data for CeNi2–xP2 (x=0.28(1)) and PrNi2–xP2 (x=0.53(1)) are discussed as well.
Why ROSE is fast: Five optimizations in the design of an experimental database system for CAD/CAM applications

ROSE is an experimental database system for CAD/CAM applications that organizes a database into entries and relationships. The data model of ROSE is an extension of the relational model and the data manipulation language is an extension of the relational algebra. Internally, ROSE is organized so that it can use operating system services to implement database system services. In this paper we describe five optimizations that have helped to make ROSE a fast database system for CAD/CAM.
Autonomic Findings in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) often occurs after emotional or physical stress. Norepinephrine levels are unusually high in the acute phase, suggesting a hyperadrenergic mechanism. Comparatively little is known about parasympathetic function in patients with TC. We sought to characterize autonomic function at rest and in response to physical and emotional stimuli in 10 women with a confirmed history of TC and 10 age-matched healthy women. Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity was assessed at rest and during baroreflex stimulation (Valsalva maneuver and tilt testing), cognitive stimulation (Stroop test), and emotional stimulation (event recall, patients). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and measurement of brachial artery flow–mediated vasodilation were also performed. TC women (tested an average of 37 months after the event) had excessive pressor responses to cognitive stress (Stroop test: p
The relationship between visual working memory and attention: retention of precise colour information in the absence of effects on perceptual selection

We examined the conditions under which a feature value in visual working memory (VWM) recruits visual attention to matching stimuli. Previous work has suggested that VWM supports two qualitatively different states of representation: an active state that interacts with perceptual selection and a passive (or accessory) state that does not. An alternative hypothesis is that VWM supports a single form of representation, with the precision of feature memory controlling whether or not the representation interacts with perceptual selection. The results of three experiments supported the dual-state hypothesis. We established conditions under which participants retained a relatively precise representation of a parcticular colour. If the colour was immediately task relevant, it reliably recruited attention to matching stimuli. However, if the colour was not immediately task relevant, it failed to interact with perceptual selection. Feature maintenance in VWM is not necessarily equivalent with feature-based attentional selection.
Compressible studies on dynamic stall

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of compressibility on the dynamic stall phenomenon by numerical simulation of the unsteady flow. The full two-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved for flows over oscillating airfoils and airfoils pitching rapidly to high angles of attack. The free-stream speeds vary from low subsonic with mild compressibility effects, to moderate subsonic where strong compressibility effects appear close to the leading edge at high angles of attack. An Alternating Direction Implicit scheme is implemented for the numerical solution with the viscous terms retained in both directions. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data for a Sikorsky airfoil for compressible high Reynolds number flows. There is good agreement between the computed and measured unsteady lift and pitching moment coefficient time histories. The computed high-speed subsonic unsteady results give a good picture of the entire flow field, and the dynamic stall progression in the compressible flow regime. It was observed that compressibility effects are more severe close to the leading edge at moderate angles of attack, and that the dynamic stall vortex appears at lower angles of attack as the free-stream speed increases.
Quantization of a signal having multiple hypotheses

This letter extends some earlier work by Max [1] on signal quantization to an input signal which may belong to one of several possible signal models. An optimum quantizer is derived and an example presented for illustration.
The Significance of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks for United States‐Bound Migration in the Western Hemisphere

The economic and political effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks weakened Latin American and Caribbean economies, reduced employment among Western Hemisphere immigrants living in the United...
Current trend towards using soft computing approaches to phase synchronization in communication systems

This paper surveys recent advances in communications that utilize soft computing approaches to phase synchronization. Soft computing, as opposed to hard computing, is a collection of complementary methodologies that act in producing the most desirable control, decision, or estimation strategies. Recently, the communications area has explored the use of the principal constituents of soft computing, namely, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms, for modeling, control, and most recently for the estimation of phase in phase-coherent communications. If the receiver in a digital communications system is phase-coherent as is often the case, phase synchronization is required. Synchronization thus requires estimation and/or control at the receiver of an unknown or random phase offset.
A Dependence Interpretation of the Effects of Performance Expectancies

Summary Two experiments indicated a decreased effect of discontinued performance expectancies (a) when nonvalued performance scores were given to subjects, and (b) when the modeling effects of the experimenter were reduced. According to the dependence interpretation advanced, the traditional use of valued performance scores increased the subjects' dependencies on the experimenter and, consequently, the likelihood of their imitating a change in his behavior; that is, disconfirmed performance expectancies may lead to dependence reduction and not necessarily to dissonance reduction.
A 16- $\Omega$ Audio Amplifier With 93.8-mW Peak Load Power and 1.43-mW Quiescent Power Consumption

A low-distortion three-stage class-AB audio amplifier is designed to drive a 16-Ω headphone speaker load. High power efficiency is achieved using fully differential internal stages with local common-mode feedback and replica biasing of the output stage. The threshold voltage of nMOS transistors was made comparable to that of pMOS transistors by negatively biasing the p-substrate in order to achieve high linearity. Multiple compensation networks guarantee the stability of the audio amplifier when driving a wide range of capacitive loads from 10 pF to 5 nF. Peak power delivered to the load is measured as 93.8 mW (corresponding to 46.9 mW RMS) with -77.9-dB total harmonic distortion; quiescent power is only 1.43 mW. The power-supply rejection ratio from both ±1.5-V supplies exceeds 63 dB over the entire audio frequency range. The design is implemented in a 0.5-μm CMOS process and occupies 0.34 mm2 of area.
Solvent extraction equilibria in the CuSO4H2SO4H2OLIX 860-kerosene system

Abstract The equilibrium isotherm and distribution coefficients were determined for the CuSO4H2SO4H2OLIX 860-kerosene solvent extraction system at 25°C and aqueous copper concentrations below 500 mg/L. A previously developed thermodynamic model for extraction equilibria closely predicted the experimentally measured distribution coefficients.
Imaging in juvenile arthritis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in imaging in juvenile arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The developments in imaging in juvenile arthritis are primarily focused on evaluation of destructive changes and inflammatory changes in joints. Plain radiography can demonstrate destructive changes in juvenile arthritis. The most validated instrument for assessing destructive changes juvenile arthritis is the Poznanski index, and this index is being used more in studies to understand the natural history and clinical correlates of destructive disease. Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be superior to plain radiography in demonstrating destructive changes. Further work is proceeding to detect earlier, biochemical changes in articular cartilage prior to the development of thinning or erosion. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound can demonstrate both inflammatory and destructive changes. Utilization of these techniques to show inflammatory changes can provide information about joints that can supplement physical examination, particularly in difficult joints to examine, such as the hips, temporomandibular joints, small joints of the feet, and tenosynovial locations. This information may help to guide therapy. SUMMARY Imaging provides useful information to supplement clinical and laboratory examination in the optimal treatment of patients with juvenile arthritis.
Exploring the feasibility of using functional tissue pulsatility imaging to measure cognitive load during an abbreviated vigilance task

The increasing complexity of human-machine interaction and system monitoring require increased awareness of operator’s workload levels to increase safety and productivity in operational environments. Subjective workload scales are subject to operator biases, possible intrusiveness, and low temporal sensitivity. Physiological measures have recently been used because of their ability to bypass many of these limitations and provide more objective and sensitive measures of workload. Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD), for instance, is unobtrusive, has good temporal sensitivity, and is sensitive to workload effects on a variety of tasks, but is limited by its low spatial sensitivity. A new imaging measure, functional Tissue Pulsatility Imaging (fTPI), measures tissue velocity through ultrasound and provides similar temporal resolution but higher spatial resolution than TCD. This study explored the feasibility of using fTPI as a measure of mental workload. Participants performed 10 minute low and high event ...
Separation of Nucleation and Crystallization in the Solution-Phase Synthesis of Group IV Quantum Structures

Solution-phase chemical syntheses are presented for the fabrication of Ge quantum structures, including 0-dimensional dots, 1-dimensional wires, and 2-dimensional platelets. The syntheses, which are based on the reduction of chlorogcrmanes and organochlorogermancs, are carried out in two steps. Step 1, the nucleation step, is done at ambient temperature with a liquid metal reducing agent (NaK) and under the influence of sonication. Step 2, crystallization, is carried out at elevated temperatures and pressures in a sealed bomb. Separation of these two steps is shown to be critical for obtaining size and shape control over the product crystallite.
Broadening of Infrared Absorption Lines at Reduced Temperatures: Carbon Dioxide†

An evacuated high-resolution Czerny-Turner spectrograph, which is described in this paper, has been used to determine the strengths S and self-broadening parameters for lines in the R branch of the nu (sub 3) fundamental of carbon dioxide at 298 and at 207 K. The values of self-broadening parameters at 207 K are greater than those to be expected on the basis of a fixed collision cross section.
Changes in vegetation structure and composition along a tropical forest chronosequence: implications for wildlife

Changes in tropical forest structure and species composition that occur during regeneration following land abandonment may have important consequences for wildlife populations. Many animals rely on forest resources as sites for foraging, nesting, and protection that may vary in abundance in forests of different ages. In this study, we examined aspects of forest composition and structure thought to be important to wildlife along a tropical moist forest chronosequence in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM) of central Panama. Secondary forests of approximately 20, 40, 70, and 100 years in fallow as well as two stands of old-growth forest (>500 years) were intensively studied. All stands were located on relatively fertile soils and were in close proximity to old-growth forest. Within 70 years following cessation of active management, many structural aspects of secondary forests resembled those of old-growth stands. Large living tree (� 65 cm diameter) density and coarse-woody debris volume increased with secondary forest age and were equivalent to old-growth levels by 70 years. Snag density and basal area did not differ with stand age. Species composition and availability of food resources in secondary forests did not converge on old-growth characteristics as quickly as most structural aspects, but many resources available to generalist frugivores were common across the chronosequence. Tree, but not liana, species composition of secondary stands became more similar to old growth with increasing forest age. Understory fleshy fruit availability was highest in young secondary stands, while importance values of trees and lianas with animal-dispersed fruits remained unchanged across the chronosequence. The importance of species particularly important to some frugivores, such as Ficus and Virola, had unpredictable distributions, but palm importance value increased with stand age. We suggest that young secondary forests may provide adequate nesting, foraging, and roosting resources for many animal taxa, but some populations of animals specializing on coarse-woody debris, large trees, or particular species of trees may be limited in secondary forest less than 70 years old. # 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Developing and Maintaining Adherence to Long-term Drug-taking Regimens

Prolonged adherence to neuroleptic medication by patients with schizophrenia involves many complex issues. These vary markedly from case to case, and poor compliance is effectively resolved only when the attitudes and behaviors of individual cases are carefully analyzed. This article describes some of the aspects that commonly contribute to deficient compliance in clinical practice, and offers suggestions for resolving these problems.
High-fidelity determination of security threats via a Boolean biocatalytic cascade

The ability to assess diverse security threats using a biochemical logic network system is demonstrated. The new biocatalytic cascade, emulating a NOR logic gate, is able to identify the presence of explosive compounds and nerve agents by providing a simple and rapid ‘YES’/‘NO’ alert.
Several clinical signs and symptoms are associated with the likelihood of bacterial meningitis in children; the most reliable diagnostic combination is uncertain

Commentary on: S Curtis, K Stobart, B Vandermeer, et al.. Clinical features suggestive of meningitis in children: a systematic review of prospective data. Pediatrics2010;126:952–60.
Predictive control of transport-reaction processes

Abstract This work focuses on the development of computationally efficient predictive control algorithms for nonlinear parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs with state and control constraints arising in the context of transport-reaction processes. We first consider a diffusion-reaction process described by a nonlinear parabolic PDE and address the problem of stabilization of an unstable steady-state subject to input and state constraints. Galerkin’s method is used to derive finite-dimensional systems that capture the dominant dynamics of the parabolic PDE, which are subsequently used for controller design. Various model predictive control (MPC) formulations are constructed on the basis of the finite dimensional approximations and are demonstrated, through simulation, to achieve the control objectives. We then consider a convection-reaction process example described by a set of hyperbolic PDEs and address the problem of stabilization of the desired steady-state subject to input and state constraints, in the presence of disturbances. An easily implementable predictive controller based on a finite dimensional approximation of the PDE obtained by the finite difference method is derived and demonstrated, via simulation, to achieve the control objective.
The Impact of Member Emotional Intelligence on Psychological Safety in Work Teams

We use collective induction as a framework for examining the interaction of individual team-member’s emotional intelligence in project teams. Using a sample of 108 project teams, we test the role of team member emotional intelligence in the development of psychological safety, which has been shown to improve team learning and performance. Results suggest that having individuals on the team who have above average emotional perception and emotional management improves member perceptions of psychological safety.
Deformation and Ductility Demands in Steel Moment Frame Structures

ABSTRACT: Recently observed fractures at welded beam-to-column connections necessitate a re-evaluation of the seismic performance of steel moment frame structures. Assessment of global and local deformation demands imposed by representative ground motions forms part of this re-evaluation. This paper addresses accurate and approximate methods for demand prediction and summarizes salient features of results obtained in recent analytical studies on global, interstory, and element deformation demands.
Parallel methodologies for a micropolygon renderer

This paper compares the performance of three different methodologies for a multi-threaded micropolygon-based renderer. We extend the REYES [AG99] algorithm for multi-threaded rendering, which we call CASCADE. CASCADE processes one bucket per thread, forwarding primitives and micropolygons to other buckets/threads through split and dice operations. ROUND_ROBIN runs N single-threaded versions of CASCADE and a compositor, where primitives are distributed to each thread in a semi-random manner. NO_FORWARD executes split and dice operations, but a primitive that spans multiple buckets is processed independently by different threads and the primitives generated through split and dice operations that project outside the current bucket are discarded. In addition, bucket scheduling is used in this case to ensure that no thread is starved for work. Extensive analysis demonstrates that none of these methodologies are clearly superior to the others under all combinations of primitive size, count, transparency, and parallelism, so, a hybrid algorithm is proposed whose performance characteristics make it the best choice under all but the most pathological cases.
Cloning and mapping of the mouse α7-neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

We report the isolation of cDNA clones for the mouse {alpha}7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (gene symbol Acra7), the only nicotinic receptor subunit known to bind a-bungarotoxin in mammalian brain. This gene may have relevance to nicotine sensitivity and to some electrophysiologic findings in schizophrenia. The mouse {alpha}7 subunit gene encodes a protein of 502 amino acids with substantial identity to the rat (99.6%), human (92.8%), and chicken (87.5%) amino acid sequences. The {alpha}7 gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 7 near the p locus with the following gene order from proximal to distal: Myod1-3.5 {+-}1.7 cM-Gas2-0.9 cM {+-} 0.9 cM-D7Mit70-1.8 {+-} 1.2 cM- Acra7-4.4 {+-}1.0 cM-Hras1-ps11/Igf1r/Snrp2a. The human gene was confirmed to map to the homologous region of human chromosome 15q13-q14. 26 refs., 3 figs.
Involvement of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in the proconvulsant actions of pyrethroid insecticides

It has been demonstrated previously that select Type II pyrethroids are potent proconvulsants in the rat and that the proconvulsant actions of deltamethrin are blocked by administration of PK 11195, an antagonist of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PTBR). The present investigation has extended these findings to include various Type I pyrethroids as proconvulsants. Additionally, the proconvulsant activity of cismethrin was reversed by administration of PK 11195. Pyrethroid displacement of specific [3H]Ro5-4864 binding to rat brain membranes was investigated to further define the interaction of pyrethroids with the PTBR. Both Type I and Type II pyrethroids potently inhibited [3H]Ro5-4864 binding with affinities ranging from nanomolar to micromolar. The ED50 values for the proconvulsant effects of both Type I and Type II pyrethroids were significantly correlated with their respective IC50 values as inhibitors of [3H]Ro5-4864 binding. [3H]Ro5-4864 saturation isotherms performed in the presence of fixed concentrations of deltamethrin or cismethrin showed that these pyrethroids increased the observed Kd values for [3H]Ro5-4864 with no change in the maximum number of binding sites. However, Schild plot analysis of the effect of deltamethrin on [3H]Ro5-4864 affinity was nonlinear with the Kd shift approaching a limiting value. Considered together these results suggest an allosteric effect of pyrethroids on [3H]Ro5-4864 binding, and provide additional support for the involvement of the PTBR in the proconvulsant actions of pyrethroids.
How Do Cancer Cells Die

How do cancer cells die and how can we increase the fraction of cells that die after cancer treatment? This question has been a puzzle for almost 75 years, from the first i.v. administration in 1942 of a cancer chemotherapeutic to a patient, as described later by Fenn and Udelsman ([1][1]). We
Extended sequential algorithms for detecting changes in acting stochastic processes

We present, analyze, and numerically evaluate extended algorithms for detecting changes from an acting stochastic process to a number of possible alternatives. The algorithms are sequential, requiring minimal memory capacity and operational complexity, and they incorporate decision thresholds. The performance of the algorithms is controlled by the selection of the thresholds. Asymptotically, the first algorithmic extension detects the acting process correctly in an expected stopping time sense. In addition, the probability of error induced by a reinitialization algorithmic extension converges asymptotically to zero, when the acting process changes infrequently (with order inversely proportional to the value of the decision thresholds). The presented algorithmic systems are quite powerful and their applications are numerous, ranging from industrial quality control to traffic and performance monitoring in highspeed networks.
Controversy remains regarding the optimal technique for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: Commentary on an article by Peter L.C. Lapner, MD, FRCSC, et al.: "A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing single-row with double-row fixation in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair".

The goals of rotator cuff repair remain the same whether the repair is performed in an arthroscopic or open fashion. These goals include pain relief, improved function, and possibly prevention of rotator cuff arthropathy. Although arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is widely performed by orthopaedic surgeons, the optimal technique for maximization of tendon-healing and clinical outcome has yet to be definitively established. Despite well-documented excellent short-term clinical outcomes obtained with arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repair, reports of relatively high rates of recurrent tearing have led to an interest in so-called “footprint restoration” in hopes of improving the healing rate and long-term outcome of rotator cuff repair1. Double-row repair has been shown in multiple biomechanical studies to be superior to single-row repair with regard to footprint restoration, tensile strength, gap formation, and the number of cycles to failure2-4. However, no study has definitively demonstrated improved clinical outcome with use of double-row repair. Recently, Denard et al. retrospectively reviewed the results of arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears using single-row and double-row techniques at a minimum of five years, and better long-term functional outcome and an improved subjective result were noted when a double-row repair …
The Princeton FRC Rotating-Magnetic-Field-Experiment RF System

The Princeton FRC (PFRC) is a compact device that utilizes odd-parity[1] radio-frequency rotating magnetic fields (RMFo) to heat electrons[2] and drive azimuthal current in a cylindrical plasma column. A serendipitous discovery is that the RF system serves as a useful diagnostic tool, providing data on RF-field penetration into the plasma.[3] Efficient use of RF power is required to accommodate the small size of the device and for its development into a practical fusion reactor. The RF system is described along with its evolution and lessons learned.
Mononuclear phagocyte system dysfunction in murine SLE: Abnormal clearance kinetics precede clinical disease

Although several studies have reported abnormal immune clearance in murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a consistent defect in mononuclear phagocyte function in SLE-prone mice has not been described. To evaluate the mechanism(s) of immune clearance in murine SLE, we applied the technique of kinetic analysis to clearance studies of radiolabeled, immunoglobulin-sensitized red blood cells in normal BALB/c and autoimmune BXSB, MRL-lpr/lpr, New Zealand black (NZB) and New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) mice. Clearance studies were performed in 4-week-old to 18-month-old mice with a complement-fixing rabbit IgG antimouse red blood cell antibody. Four clearance rate constants governing complement- and Fc-mediated clearance function were evaluated: complement-mediated sequestration (k1), C3b deactivation and release (k2), complement-dependent phagocytosis (k4), and Fc-mediated sequestration and phagocytosis (k3). BXSB male, MRL-lpr/lpr female and male, NZB female, and NZB/W female and male mice all had significantly decreased Fc-mediated clearance function (k3) when compared with control BALB/c mice (p less than 0.0001). This defect in Fc-mediated clearance was present in all four strains of autoimmune mice by 6 months of age and preceded the onset of serologic and clinical disease activity in NZB mice. Abnormal complement-mediated clearance was detected in MRL-lpr/lpr female and male mice, NZB female, and NZB/W female and male mice, but not in BXSB mice. In MRL-lpr/lpr mice decreased complement-mediated sequestration (k1, p less than 0.0001) and complement-dependent phagocytosis (k4, p less than 0.0001) were present as early as 4 weeks of age. In contrast, the change in complement-mediated clearance in NZB and NZB/W mice was characterized by decreased C3b deactivation and release (k2, p less than 0.001) and resulted in an enhanced early phase of clearance. Decreased k2 values in New Zealand mice occurred as early as 2 months of age, preceding serologic and clinical disease activity as well as decreased Fc receptor function. These studies demonstrated an early, progressive, and uniform defect in Fc-mediated clearance in the four murine strains of SLE studied. Complement-mediated clearance, however, varied considerably in lupus-prone mice, ranging from severe impairment in MRL-lpr/lpr to normal function in BXSB and accelerated clearance in NZB and NZB/W mice. Accelerated clearance in New Zealand mice was characterized by decreased C3b deactivation and release of antibody sensitized cells, which in turn led to increased phagocytosis of sensitized cells sequestered by complement-dependent processes.
BD-ZCS: Multi-cell interference coordination via Zadoff-Chu sequence-based block diagonalization

Multi-cell interference coordination via Block Diagonalization (BD), which is widely used in LTE-Advanced interference management, has three main drawbacks: (1) limitation on the number of supported co-channel users; (2) performance degradation in Doppler channels with feedback delay and quantization; and (3) high signaling overhead to exchange Channel State Information (CSI) and to generate precoding matrix. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to overcome these drawbacks and to improve the multi-cell interference coordination. The core idea is to create a null space only to the users within one cell; to achieve this goal, Zadoff-Chu Sequence (ZCS) spreading is used to eliminate the multi-cell interference by leveraging the zero-correlation property of cyclic shifts of the ZCS. This way, the capacity of the cellular network is improved in Doppler channels with delayed and quantized feedback; moreover, signaling overhead and computational complexity are both reduced. The auxiliary sampling capability of the hardware is utilized to realize the higher sampling rate required by the proposed approach. The new interference-management solution is compared against the existing one via computer simulations and is shown to lead to significant capacity gains even in high-mobility scenarios.
Definition of Air Space

The definition of air space is a matter of fundamental interest in jurisprudence, but it also poses an interesting physical problem. The boundary to the air space of a nation may be defined with respect to possible regimes of flight, as suggested by Professor von Karman. However, I believe that outer space must be defined as the region traversed by vehicles which have been placed in orbit around the earth, or which have escaped from the gravitational attraction of the earth.
Social Class and Parental Involvement in the Sex Education of Children

AbstractMiddle-class and working-class parents were surveyed concerning their plans for educating their children on 15 issues dealing with sexuality. Middle-class parents were more likely to prefer that both the mother and father be involved in sex education, whereas the working-class group preferred the mother only to be involved. In contrast, both groups expected only the mother to actually provide information to their child. Surprisingly, both groups indicated a high degree of comfort in discussing sexuality topics with their young child, although the majority admitted that their parents did not provide them with sexuality information when they were young. Reasons for the difference between their own experiences in learning about sexuality and their expectations for strong parental involvement in the sex education of their own children are discussed.
The Impact of Contrastive Stress on Vowel Acoustics and Intelligibility in Dysarthria

Purpose To compare vowel acoustics and intelligibility in words produced with and without contrastive stress by speakers with spastic (mixed-spastic) dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (DYSCP) ...
Reliability of Certain Skill Tests for Junior High School Girls

Abstract The reliability of two motor ability and eight sport skill teste for junior high school girls was studied. The Scott and a revised Humiston were the motor ability tests used. Most of the eight sport skill tests were revised or devised by the author. Results showed the following to be reliable: Revised Humiston, best of 2 trials; Scott, average T-score; volleyball volley, 3 trials; volleyball serve, 20 trials; basketball ball handling and wall pass, 3 trials; basketball shooting, 4 trials; softball overhand distance throw, 1 trial; batting, 5 trials; underhand accuracy throw, 30–40 trials.
Extracting Fourier descriptors from compressive measurements

Fourier descriptors (FDs) are shape-based features for the recognition of two-dimensional connected shapes. We propose a method that can extract FDs of an object directly from compressive measurements without reconstructing the image. Our method entails estimating the edges via discrete horizontal and vertical image gradients from compressive measurements. Fourier descriptors are then extracted from the thresholded edges. One of the main advantages of the proposed method is that it requires fewer number of compressive measurements to estimate FDs than required to estimate the original image. Various numerical experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Confirming the Significance of Art Specialists and Aspirational Learning

Just for a change, would it not be nice to hear talk about keeping and/or expanding full-time art specialists' presence in schools and maintaining strong art education programs at the college and u...
Energy and carbon footprint reduction during textile-based product design and manufacturing

Due to concerns over non-renewable energy consumption and associated emissions, industry has sought methods and technologies to support energy efficiency practices and use of alternative energy during product manufacturing, use, and end-of-life. Efforts have been undertaken to more precisely calculate environmental metrics, such as energy consumption and carbon footprint, to support broader sustainable design activities. The work reported endeavours to integrate sustainability principles into the design of products, manufacturing processes, and relevant supply chain networks to assist decision makers. Two backpacks are evaluated to examine the influence of design choices on energy consumption and carbon footprint. The study system boundary includes raw material extraction, materials processing, manufacturing operations, and transportation for each component. The results show that manufacturing processes dominate transportation-related impacts. The work appears to be the first to apply a comprehensive process-based approach to estimate cradle-to-gate energy consumption and carbon footprint for textile-based product design variants.