cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the outer membrane proteome of Caulobacter crescentus by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Caulobacter crescentus, a Gram negative alpha-purple bacterium that displays an invariant asymmetric cell division pattern, has become a key model system for the study of bacterial development. Membrane proteins play key roles in cell cycle events, both as components of landmark morphological structures and as critical elements in regulation of the cell cycle. Recent advances for the isolation and solubilization of bacterial membrane proteins prior to isoelectric focusing have significantly improved the separation of outer membrane proteins by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis. In this work we describe the analysis of the outer membrane proteome of Caulobacter crescentus. Proteins were identified using 2-D gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. We identified 54 unique proteins out of which 41 were outer membrane proteins. Of the outer membrane proteins, 16 were identified as TonB-dependent receptor proteins. These studies were executed simultaneously with the Caulobacter genome sequencing project and advantages and limitations of proteomic analysis of a nonannotated genome are discussed. Finally, protein levels between cells grown in rich and minimal media are compared which demonstrates that many of the TonB-dependent receptor proteins are found at higher levels in minimal medium.
The Use‐Dependent Effects of Acute and Chronic Amiodarone Administration on His‐Purkinje Conduction and the Interaction of β‐Adrenergic Stimulation

Use-Dependent Effects of Amiodarone. Amiodarone is a highly effective antiarrhythmic agent. However, its exact mechanism of action remains uncertain. Prior studies suggest that intravenous amiodarone produces different electrophysiologic effects than chronic amiodarone administration. In addition, the effects of other antiarrhythmic agents and β-adrenergic stimulation on the electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone have not been well defined. In this study, we sought to evaluate the use-dependent effects of intravenous (acute) versus oral (chronic) amiodarone administration on His-Purkinje conduction in a closed-chest canine model. We also sought to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine and isoproterenol on the use-dependent effects of chronically administered oral amiodarone. We found: (1) Acutely administered intravenous amiodarone (5 mg/kg bolus, followed by a 0.05 mg/kg/min infusion) does not produce a significant use-dependent effect on His-Purkinje conduction (serum amiodarone level 2.7 ± 1.1 mg/L), and acute beta blockade did not enhance use-dependent effects of amiodarone; (2) Chronically administered oral amiodarone (1,000 mg/day ± 2 weeks) produced significant use-dependent effects on His-Purkinje conduction at similar serum drug concentrations (mean level 2.6 ± 1.5 mg/L; (3) Intravenous lidocaine (10 mg/kg bolus, 0.2 mg/kg/min infusion) produced significant additional use-dependent effects to that of chronic oral amiodarone but only at rapid paced rates (cycle length 300-210 msec); and (4) Isoproterenol (5 μg/min infusion) significantly attenuated the use-dependent effects of chronically administered amiodarone. The mechanism of action of acutely administered intravenous amiodarone appears to be different from that of chronic oral amiodarone. In addition, the marked use-dependent effects observed after chronic amiodarone administration were reversed after catecholamine administration suggesting that attenuation of use dependence by sympathetic stimulation may negate some of salutary effects of amiodarone.
Networks of Terror: Theoretical Assumptions and Pragmatic Consequences

Very little has been written in scholarly or popular venues on the conceptualization and utilization of the term network to describe terrorist organizing. In this paper, we identify critical disjunctures between the assumptions of contemporary communication network theory and the assumptions and appropriation of network concepts by the current U.S. Administration in discussions of terrorism networks. We argue that the theoretical and empirical foundations of contemporary network research provide a more complex and constructive platform from which policy makers may ask better questions and find better solutions.
How close are we in utilizing functional neuroimaging in routine clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain

As with many disorders affecting the central nervous system, treatment of chronic pain is fraught with difficulties related to specific diagnosis and measures of treatment efficacy. Given the recent advances that brain-imaging techniques have contributed to our understanding of how chronic pain affects multiple aspects of brain function (including sensory, emotional, cognitive, and modulatory), opportunities to use these approaches in the clinic are clearly a focus of research laboratories around the world. The routine application of brain imaging as a clinical marker of disease state or therapeutic (drug) efficacy would significantly enhance the clinical process by providing objective measures for clinicians and patients.
A causal model of college women's career choice☆

Abstract A model of women's career choice was tested using the structural equation modeling methodology (Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology , 31 , 419–456) and the LISREL VI computer program. In the initial model, it was hypothesized that the independent variables Previous Work Experience, Academic Success, Role-Model Influence, and Perceived Encouragement affect the dependent variables Attitudes toward Work, Attitudes toward Self, and Sex-Role Attitudes. These variables, in turn, affect the dependent variable Life-Style Preferences and Plans, which affects Realism of Career Choice; Realism of Choice is also affected directly by the three attitude variables. Based on information generated by LISREL, seven modified models were tested, two of which are reported in detail. In the final model, found to be most plausible in the sample population, the independent variables Ability, Achievement Orientation, and Feminist Orientation affect the dependent variables Family Orientation and Career Orientation; these dependent variables in turn affect the variable Career Choice, also affected directly by Ability. Theoretical implications of the final model are discussed, as well as methodological issues and limitations of the study. The promise of this line of inquiry into women's career development is noted.
Using ancestral information to detect and localize quantitative trait loci in genome-wide association studies

In mammalian genetics, many quantitative traits, such as blood pressure, are thought to be influenced by specific genes, but are also affected by environmental factors, making the associated genes difficult to identify and locate from genetic data alone. In particular, the application of classical statistical methods to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected in genome-wide association studies has been especially challenging. We propose a coalescent approach to search for SNPs associated with quantitative traits in genome-wide association study (GWAS) data by taking into account the evolutionary history among SNPs. We evaluate the performance of the new method using simulated data, and find that it performs at least as well as existing methods with an increase in performance in the case of population structure. Application of the methodology to a real data set consisting of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements in mice shows the method performs well for empirical data, as well. By combining methods from stochastic processes and phylogenetics, this work provides an innovative avenue for the development of new statistical methodology in the analysis of GWAS data.
Digital holography reconstruction algorithms to estimate the morphology and depth of nonspherical absorbing particles

In digital holography an object wave is numerically reconstructed from a recorded hologram. Using this technique it is possible to detect the position and size of particles in a 3D domain. In this work, particular focus is placed on quantification of particles with non-spherical morphologies. The in-line configuration is chosen due to the simplicity of the optical setup and minimal distortions of in-plane morphologies. However, this geometry is also characterized by a large depth-of-focus and high uncertainty in the detected depth. To quantify these uncertainties, this work begins with the definition of a non-dimensional model of hologram recording and reconstruction applied to single spherical and nonspherical particles. Typical CCD noise sources are included. Application of this model to two particle detection methods reveals the relevant merits and limitations of each particle detection method. From the lessons learned, a new hybrid particle detection method is proposed. Simulations indicate the hybrid method significantly improves upon the accuracy of the measured depth and particle morphologies. Furthermore, the proposed method automatically determines the optimum threshold for each particle, and, therefore, requires minimal user inputs. Finally, initial experimental results for spherical particles confirm the accuracy of the proposed hybrid method.
The correlation of the anomalousg-factors of the electron and muon

The resonant-cavity model by which the author has recently explained the anomalous electrong-factor has an alternative resonant mode suited to a less stable particle. When this is analysed it is found to give a result in full accord with theg-factor of the muon.
Review of Chemical Reactions in the NO Reduction by CO on Rhodium/Alumina Catalysts

The emissions of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide from internal combustion engines are of primary concern due to their impact on the environment and people's health. Since rhodium has proven to be an important catalyst for the reduction of nitric oxide by carbon monoxide, its accurate modeling is of significant value to industry. This paper reviews the literature with respect to this interaction in order to explain the history of the detailed reactions occurring on the surface. This review was accomplished in the absence of other species in order to focus the efforts and reduce the complexity of the task. In addition, this work presents an appropriate global reaction expression based on these detailed reactions for use in one-dimensional aftertreatment catalyst models.
Vertical profiling of tropical precipitation using passive microwave observations and its implications regarding the crash of Air France 447

[1] In a recent study by Haddad and Park (2009), a method was proposed to use colocated simultaneous observations by the space-borne Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar and microwave imager to train the microwave radiometer to retrieve vertical profiles of precipitation in the absence of radar observations. This radar-trained passive-microwave approach was developed for midlatitude precipitation regimes, where it was found that the inhomogeneity of the rain within the radiometer field of view was the main impediment to the estimation of the vertical distribution of rain. The approach constrains the brightness temperature combinations used in the retrieval to lie in the orthogonal complement to the two main clear-sky principal components in brightness temperature space. This note summarizes the results of applying this approach to observations over the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone during May 2009 and deriving estimates of the uncertainty in passive-microwave retrievals of the storm-top height and of the first vertical principal component of the rain. The results are illustrated on a serendipitous granule of data taken while the TRMM radar was unfortunately not operational, about 20 min after the last transmission from the ill-fated flight Air France 447.
Determination of selected organics in treated sludges and associated leachates from coal conversion facilities

Abstract Methods have been developed for the determination of organic compounds in solid wastes and sludges. The methods involve sequential extraction with acid, base, and organic solvent, as well as dynamic headspace stripping of the volatile components. Methods for assessing the mobility of organic compounds in the environment have been evaluated, including four batch extractions and an upward-flow column extraction. Batch extractions in closed vessels are most effective for the determination of volatile components. The upward-flow column arrangement is shown to be the most aggressive leaching procedure for semi-volatile organic compounds.
Chemical junction delineation of a specific site in Si devices

Junction delineation of a specific site in Si devices was carried out by chemical etching with transmission electron microscopy specimens prepared by the microsampling method. The results showed that the two-dimensional dopant profile of n + metal-oxide-semiconductor in the specific site can be delineated down to a level of ∼2.7×10 1 7 cm - 3 with the etchant of HF: HNO 3 = 1.5: 200. This demonstrates that chemical delineation coupled with the microsampling method is very useful for the failure analysis of a junction in a specific site.
A View from Down Under: Laparoscopic Look at a Subrectus Pacemaker

This article describes an infant with multiple congenital anomalies who underwent laparoscopic insertion of a gastrostomy tube. Prior repair of congenital heart defects had resulted in complete heart block necessitating the implantation of an epicardial pacemaker. A photograph taken within the peritoneal cavity provides a unique view of the patient's subrectus pulse generator.
Activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid and ionic interactions in the system HCl-LiCl-H2O from 5 to 45°C

The activity coefficient of HCl (γA) in aqueous mixtures of HCl and LiCl was determined by emf measurements of cells without liquid junction at five values of the total ionic strength, namely 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mol-kg−1 (m), and at nine temperatures from 5 to 45°C. The ionic strength fraction (γB) of LiCl in the mixtures was varied from 0 to 0.9. The values of log γA were found to vary linearly with the molality of salt, in accordance with the ‘Harned rule,’ indicating that the properties of these mixtures are determined primarily by binary ionic interactions of the type H-Li and that ternary interactions are not significant even at I=3m. The results also support the suggestion of Robinson that the interaction parameter θH,Li is insensitive to temperature changes when I is less than 2m.
121 DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS CULTURED IN SEQUENTIAL OR CONTINUOUS MEDIA

Slaughtered bovine females have different characteristics including age, nutritional status, breed, and management system, all of which may affect the results obtained in in vitro embryo production. Another key consideration is that early embryos move from the oviduct to a slightly different environment in the uterus, which has led to development of sequential embryo culture media (e.g. Lane M et al. 2003 Theriogenology 60, 407–419). However, the benefits and importance of using sequential media are not fully known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare developmental rates of oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries from cows or heifers after culture in sequential media (CDM-1, CDM-2) or in a continuous medium (C-CDM). The experiment was a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design [bulls (A, B, or C), source (cows or heifers), and medium (sequential or continuous)]. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were aspirated, within 5 h of slaughter, from 3- to 8-mm ovarian follicles of cows (1482 oocytes) and fattened heifers usually fed melengesterol acetate (2818 oocytes). Embryos were produced in vitro as described by De La Torre-Sanchez et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Devel. 18, 585–596, with slight modifications. Presumptive zygotes were vortexed to remove cumulus cells and cultured for 2.5 d in C-CDM (CDM supplemented with 5.0 mm L-lactate, essential and nonessential amino acids, and 0.5% FAF-BSA, or in CDM-1 (De La Torre-Sanchez et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Devel. 18, 585–596) at 39°C in a humidified incubator under 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2. Cleavage was assessed after 2.5 d; 2- to 6-cell embryos were considered as cleaved, but were not cultured further. Embryos at the 7- to 8-cell stage were cultured for an additional 4.5 d in fresh C-CDM or CDM-2. The percentage blastocysts per oocyte was assessed after 7 and 8 days of culture. Data were arcsin-transformed and evaluated by ANOVA. There was a significant interaction between bull and ovary source for both 8-cell embryos and cleavage rate (P < 0.05); however, this interaction was no longer significant for blastocysts. No other interactions were significant nor a source of ovaries. Culturing embryos in CDM-C refreshed after cleavage evaluation (continuous) or culturing embryos in CDM-1 early and CDM-2 after cleavage evaluation (sequential) resulted in similar cleavage and blastocyst rates (Table 1). We conclude that bovine embryos can be produced using a single chemically defined medium (+BSA) with similar efficacy as a system using 2 sequential media. Table 1. Effects of media on embryonic development (mean ± SE)
Molecular to material design for anomalous-dispersion phase-matched second-harmonic generation

optical (NLO) dye optimized for doubling 800 nm light indicate that the residual absorbance is probably due to vibrodic levelsassociated with the electronic absorption. Recent work with thin films of PMMA doped with this ADPM dye showed zerodispersion at approximately 6% concentration.1. INTRODUCFIONEnhancement of the useful nonlinearity of organic and inorganic materials continues to be an important theme in thedevelopment of new second order NLO materials. Considerable success has been achieved in both inorganic (e.g. KTP) andorganic materials (many examples of both crystals and thin films) for both second harmonic generation (SHG) and the linearelectrooptic (LEO) effect. For SHG in particular, there exists a fqndamental trade-off between the transparency of the NLO
Thermomechanical property modifications via reactive blending in polymeric complexes with palladium(II)

Abstract Two organometallic strategies produce significant enhancements in the glass transition temperature and elastic modulus of polymer–polymer and polymer–ionomer blends. Reactive blending occurs via (i) olefin coordination and Zn/Pd transmetallation for zinc-neutralized sulfonated polystyrene with 3,4-polyisoprene, and (ii) direct nucleophilic attack on transition metal complexed organic substrates for sulfonated polystyrene or ethylene/methacrylic-acid random copolymers with 3,4-polyisoprene. The transition metal complex which facilitates chemical modification in each case is dichlorobis(acetonitrile)palladium(II). A 50/50 blend of lightly sulfonated polystyrene (4.8% sulfonation, 100% neutralized with zinc acetate) and 3,4-polyisoprene with 1 mol% Pd 2+ exhibits reinforced rubbery response with a modulus of 1.4×10 8 N/m 2 and a fracture strain of 40%, whereas the binary polymer–ionomer blend without Pd 2+ does not form a solid film that is cohesive enough for stress–strain testing. The T g s and elastic moduli of these ternary complexes increase at higher concentrations of Pd 2+ . A 50/50 complex of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (i.e. Nucrel™ with 5.4 mol% acid) and 3,4-polyisoprene with 0.5 mol% Pd 2+ exhibits a 5-fold increase in elastic modulus relative to the binary polymer–copolymer blend without Pd 2+ . The same ternary complex with 2 mol% Pd 2+ exhibits a 15-fold increase in elastic modulus. Infrared spectroscopy provides qualitative support for the proposed chemical modification mechanisms.
Biocompatibility of nanoporous alumina membranes for immunoisolation

Cellular immunoisolation using semi-permeable barriers has been investigated over the past several decades as a promising treatment approach for diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Type 1 diabetes. Typically, polymeric membranes are used for immunoisolation applications; however, recent advances in technology have led to the development of more robust membranes that are able to more completely meet the requirements for a successful immunoisolation device, including well controlled pore size, chemical and mechanical stability, nonbiodegradability, and biocompatibility with both the graft tissue as well as the host. It has been shown previously that nanoporous alumina biocapsules can act effectively as immunoisolation devices, and support the viability and functionality of encapsulated β cells. The aim of this investigation was to assess the biocompatibility of the material with host tissue. The cytotoxicity of the capsule, as well as its ability to activate complement and inflammation was studied. Further, the effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification on the tissue response to implanted capsules were studied. Our results have shown that the device is nontoxic and does not induce significant complement activation. Further, in vivo work has demonstrated that implantation of these capsules into the peritoneal cavity of rats induces a transient inflammatory response, and that PEG is useful in minimizing the host response to the material.
Adaptive space—Time radar

Abstract Airborne radars have difficulty detecting weak targets because sidelobe clutter entering the radar has Doppler frequencies spread over a wide frequency range, and this masks weak targets. In this paper we show how adaptive approaches allow one to cancel this clutter, along with any jammers that are present, thus allowing for target detection.
Survey of H3+ Transitions between 3000 and 4200 cm−1

Abstract Most of a large gap in the laboratory rovibrational spectrum of H 3 + between the ν 2 fundamental and the first overtone has been filled using a recently automated color center laser spectrometer which scans between 3000 and 4200 cm −1 . A narrow-bore liquid-nitrogen-cooled He/H 2 discharge is used to produce rotationally and vibrationally hot H 3 + . With the high-temperature plasma and the improved sensitivity of the spectrometer we were able to probe very high-energy rovibrational levels, several in the region of the barrier to linearity where theoretical calculations are expected to break down.
Atomic absorption detector for chromium organometallic compounds separated by high speed liquid chromatography

Abstract Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has been demonstrated to be a metal-specific detector for chromium organometallic compounds separated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Column effluent from the HPLC instrument was fed directly to the aspirator of the atomic absorption instrument set to record absorption due to chromium. Well defined peaks were obtained. In addition to being specific for a given metal, the method is free of some of the constrictions placed upon conventional ultraviolet absorption and refractive index detectors commonly used with HPLC. For example, solvents which absorb strongly in the ultraviolet may be employed and there is no need to use expensive spectroquality solvents. The method promises to be particularly useful for the analysis of specific organometallic compounds found in liquefied coal and shale oil.
Chromosomal instability in rhesus macaque preimplantation embryos

Objective To establish a relevant animal model to systematically investigate chromosomal instability in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Design Prospective rhesus monkey IVF study. Setting Academic laboratory, Oregon National Primate Research Center and Caribbean Primate Research Center. Animal(s) Young rhesus macaque females. Intervention(s) In vitro produced entire rhesus macaque preimplantation embryos were cytogenetically assessed using a five-color fluorescent in situ hybridization assay developed for rhesus macaque chromosomes homologous to human chromosomes 13, 16, 18, X, and Y, using human bacterial artificial chromosome probes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Chromosomal abnormality rates in preimplantation embryos from young rhesus macaque females were established. Result(s) Fifty preimplantation embryos, displaying good morphology and normal development, were analyzed from 11 young rhesus macaque females. Overall, 27 embryos (54%) were normal, 11 embryos (22%) mosaic, 3 embryos (6%) chaotic, 2 embryos (4%) aneuploid, 3 embryos (6%) haploid, and 4 embryos (8%) triploid. Conclusion(s) These data indicate that in vitro produced rhesus macaque and human preimplantation embryos exhibit similar numerical chromosomal aberrations. Rhesus macaques appear to be a suitable animal model for investigating the origin of chromosomal instability observed in human preimplantation embryos.
An Inverse Problem Statistical Methodology Summary

We discuss statistical and computational aspects of inverse or parameter estimation problems for deterministic dynamical systems based on Ordinary Least Squares and Generalized Least Squares with appropriate corresponding data noise assumptions of constant variance and nonconstant variance (relative error), respectively. Among the topics included here are mathematical model, statistical model and data assumptions, and some techniques (residual plots, sensitivity analysis, model comparison tests) for verifying these. The ideas are illustrated throughout with the popular logistic growth model of Verhulst and Pearl as well as with a recently developed population level model of pneumococcal disease spread.
Prospective Evaluation of Arthroscopic Stabilization of Acute, Initial Anterior Shoulder Dislocations in Young Athletes Two- to Five-Year Follow-up

From March 1992 to November 1998, 57 patients sustained 58 acute, initial, traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations at the United States Military Academy. Six patients selected nonoperative treatment. Three patients underwent primary open repair after diagnostic arthroscopy revealed no Bankart lesion amenable to repair with the bioabsorbable tissue tack. The remaining 48 patients with 49 anterior dislocations were treated with arthroscopic primary repair. There were 45 men and 3 women with an average age of 20 years (range, 17 to 23) and an average follow-up of 37 months (range, 24 to 60). The average Rowe score was 92 (range, 30 to 100). The average single assessment numeric evaluation patient rating was 95.5% (range, 50% to 100%). The average Short Form-36 score (physical function) for the stable shoulders was 99 (range, 95 to 100). Forty-three shoulders remained stable (88%). There were six failures (12%). Factors associated with failure included a history of bilateral shoulder instability, a 2+ sulcus sign, and poor capsulolabral tissue at the time of repair. All patients with stable shoulders returned to their preinjury levels of athletic activity. With follow-up of 5 years, we have observed significantly better results compared with nonoperative treatment in young, active adults at the United States Military Academy.
Lagrange multipliers in infinite horizon discrete time optimal control models

Abstract We consider constrained optimization problems on the (non-reflexive) Banach Space of bounded sequences and derive sufficient conditions on the objective function and the constraints so that the Lagrangean can be represented by a summable sequence of multipliers. We apply our results to a discrete time infinite horizon control model of the type that arises in economics, and show how our methods can be applied to analyze the existence of bounded solutions.
Spatial and temporal variability of bacterial 16S rDNA-based T-RFLP patterns derived from soil of two Wyoming grassland ecosystems

Spatial and temporal variability of soil bacterial 16S rDNA terminal restriction fragment (TRF) size variation was evaluated in a homogeneous grassland (HG) dominated by the turf-forming grass Bouteloua gracilis and in a shrubland (SL) dominated by Artemisia tridentata (Wyoming big sagebrush). Temporal variability was also evaluated on the HG site over a growing season. No trends toward dissimilarity were detected with temporal (180 days) or spatial (up to 100 m) distance in the HG system. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of the SL site exhibited pronounced small-scale spatial variability (<70 cm), although spatial analysis indicated weak spatial autocorrelation to distances greater than 36 cm. While shrub-induced nutrient localization was shown to significantly influence T-RFLP profiles, very little of the variability could be accounted for on the basis of spatial characteristics, suggesting that soil bacterial 16S rDNA composition of this site is predominantly controlled at scales other than those measured. Average dissimilarity values differed greatly between the two sites (0.27 and 0.59 for HG and SL sites, respectively). These results suggest that plant community structure strongly influences bacterial community composition in these semiarid ecosystems, highlighting the importance of considering spatial variability when designing field studies related to bacterial diversity in ecosystems having patchy or heterogeneous plant cover.
Tana river red colobus and crested mangabey: Results of recent censuses.

Censuses of the Tana River red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) and crested mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus), primate species endemic to riverine forests of the lower Tana River in eastern Kenya, showed significant population declines for both species between the mid-1970s and 1980s. Red colobus declined in terms of group size and number of groups per forest; the mangabey population declined only in numbers of groups per forest. There was no significant change in mean group age/sex composition between the two time periods for either species. Differences in the feeding and ranging ecology of the two species may explain why the mangabey population suffered a less severe decline than the red colobus. Similarities in census results over 3 years in the late 1980s suggest that the primate populations are no longer decreasing.
Gender and types of intimate partner violence: A response to an anti-feminist literature review

This article presents a feminist perspective on domestic violence that is rooted in an explication of the differences among three major types of intimate partner violence (Johnson, 2008). Theory and research from this perspective is then reviewed to rebut recent attacks on feminist scholarship and policy regarding intimate partner violence.
An interview with Marcia Tuttle, head, Serials Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

This interview was conducted on July 7 and 8, 1994. Marcia Tuttle talks about the beginning of the Newsletter on Serials Pricing Issues, NASIG, and Aqueduct; her career; and serials librarianship.
Thoughts about Conceptual Models of Nursing and Health Policies

In this essay, we present a conceptual framework for analysis and evaluation of sexuality education health policies based on the conceptual model of nursing and health policy and the Neuman systems model. The framework is intended to facilitate understanding of sexuality education policies promulgated by the governments of any country in the world.
What Happens to Babies Exposed to Phencyclidine (PCP) in Utero

Fifty-seven infants exposed to phencyclidine (PCP) in utero were followed for the first year of life. Thirty-six (65%) of the 55 for whom birth records were available manifested symptoms of neonatal narcotic withdrawal syndrome, including 16 (52%) of those whose mothers denied opiate abuse during pregnancy. Temperament problems were noted in 47% of the babies and sleep problems in 14%. The majority of infants grew normally, but a larger than expected number started out small and remained small. Testing using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at age one year revealed a mental development index (mean +/- SD) of 94 +/- 10 and a psychomotor development index of 98 +/- 10. Attachment behavior was abnormal in 17%. Most infants were cared for by their natural mother. Further studies are needed to determine later effects of in utero PCP exposure, as well as effects on the infants being raised by women who have used PCP. Phencyclidine toxicity needs to be considered when evaluating babies with signs of neonatal narcotic withdrawal syndrome.
Bloch and the New Superconductors

Bob Hofstadter gave a very complete description of the work that Felix had done in many different areas. I would like to touch only on those areas which are connected with superconductivity, and of these, those areas in which I have had personal contact with Felix. This, I hope, will give you a different view of working with Felix, and a view of the kind of interaction that a colleague could have had with him.
Polarity and Bile Canaliculi-Like Channels in Self-Assembled Rat Hepatocyte Spheroids

Rat hepatocytes, when cultured on moderately-adhesive substrates or in suspension, self-assemble into three dimensional, compacted, spherical aggregates called spheroids [1, 2]. In addition to maintaining higher liver-specific functions than monolayer cultures, spheroids bear structural similarity to native liver tissue. The surface of the spheroid is smooth, and cell-cell borders are barely distinguishable. In addition, pores are present on the surface of the spheroid and adjacent hepatocytes inside share microvilli-lined channels demarcated by tight junctions [3, 4]. Such differentiated structures are often indicative of hepatocyte polarization, the segregation of specific proteins to defined membrane domains.
Spatial Acuity of Touch: Ubiquitous Decline with Aging Revealed by Repeated Threshold Testing

Spatial acuity of touch, like that of vision, tends to decline eventually in nearly everybody's lifetime. This has been revealed by more thorough than customary testing of individual young and elderly subjects. Three kinds of acuity threshold were assessed repeatedly in the index finger. These measured ability to discriminate tactile (1) gaps (by a refined version of two-point threshold), (2) orientation of lines (across vs. along the finger), and (3) length of lines. These acuities relate to prominent discriminatory features of braille, and have been shown earlier to average about 1% larger per annum over the adult life span from about 20 to 80 years. Although there were reliable differences among the elderly subjects in the present experiment, all of them tested consistently worse than the least acute young adult controls. The customary single brief threshold tests heretofore applied are inadequate to capture this ubiquitous but differential individual deficit in advanced age; however, the average of six 15- to 20-min tests spread over 3 days proved more than adequate. The method of repeated threshold testing--applied earlier to olfactory and gustatory sensitivity, and now to tactile acuity--serves to dispel the notion that incidence of sensory loss with aging is highly idiosyncratic.
Translating comparative effectiveness of depression medications into practice by comparing the depression medication choice decision aid to usual care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) documents important differences in antidepressants in terms of efficacy, safety, cost, and burden to the patient. Decision aids can adapt this evidence to help patients participate in making informed choices. In turn, antidepressant therapy will more likely reflect patients’ values and context, leading to improved adherence and mood outcomes. The objective of this study is to develop the Depression Medication Choice decision aid for use during primary care encounters, and to test its efficacy by conducting a clustered practical randomized trial comparing the decision aid to usual depression care in primary care practices. We will use a novel practice-based, patient-centered approach based on participatory action research that involves a multidisciplinary team of designers, investigators, clinicians, patient representatives, and other stakeholders for the development of the decision aid. We will then conduct a clustered practical randomized trial enrolling clinicians and their patients (n = 300) with moderate to severe depression from rural, suburban and inner city primary care practices (n = 10). The intervention will consist of the use of the depression medication choice decision aid during the clinical encounter. This trial will generate preliminary evidence of the relative impact of the decision aid on patient involvement in decision making, decision making quality, patient knowledge, and 6-month measures of medication adherence and mental health compared to usual depression care. Upon completion of the proposed research, we will have developed and evaluated the efficacy of the decision aid depression medication choice as a novel translational tool for CER in depression treatment, engaged patients with depression in their care, and refined the process by which we conduct practice-based trials with limited research footprint. Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01502891
A study of women administrators in campus recreation in the USA

The number of women working in campus recreation organizations in the United States of America (USA) has steadily increased due to dynamic changes in recreation departments within colleges and universities across the USA since 1990. This paper is descriptive in nature and its purpose is to examine how women, currently working as campus recreation administrators, are positioned in the industry. Data were collected utilizing an online survey, based on a modified version of the Female Sport Manager Career Survey. Findings offer a descriptive “snap shot” of women in campus recreation such as age, level of education, sector of employment, employment patterns, and use of networking and mentoring to advance their careers. Additionally, results provide some valuable information on work history, continuing education and career advancement, affiliation with professional associations, as well as issues related to networking and mentoring. This paper sets the stage for further inquiries with practical and theoretical...
Io plasma torus electrons: Voyager 1

A thermal Maxwellian component of the electron distribution function, together with a suprathermal, non-Maxwellian one, are featured in the present analysis of in situ plasma electron observations made by the Voyager 1 plasma science experiment in the Io plasma torus. A large difference in the hot electron pressure P(H) is noted between the inbound and the outbound data; this is interpreted as a latitudinal gradient, with P(H) being maximum at the magnetic equator. The presence of a neutral corona around Io is inferred from the observed decrease and symmetry with respect to Io of the cold electron temperature.
Critical Theoretical Considerations of Public Relations Messaging Around the Globe: Tools for Creating and Evaluating Campaign Messages

This study employs several critical theories in order to demonstrate their explanatory power in understanding public relations communication, globalization within campaign communication, and, in particular, some sample campaign messages drawn from public relations research and practice. In particular, critical theories of cultural studies, semiotics, and postmodernism inform the design and understanding of public relations messages through the tools of analysis they offer and through the rich vocabulary they provide. This study argues that public relations is the logical business communication discipline to develop theory and research into campaign message design and globalization issues utilizing the critical paradigm.
The Spreading and Overlay Codes for the L1C Signal

We describe the rationale and construction of the family of L1C spreading codes and the associated family of overlay codes. The length-10230 spreading codes comprise 210 pilot/data sequence pairs. The codes are perfectly balanced and exhibit good even and odd auto- and crosscorrelation. They are constructed using prime-length Weil codes: selected length-10223 Weil-codes were padded with a fixed 7-bit pad. A search over all Weil codes and insertion points yielded a set of 739 codes from which the final set of 420 codes was chosen. Two separate families of codes were optimized based on modulation scheme (BOC(1,1) and MBOC). The length-1800 overlay codes are truncated linear feedback shift register sequences of length 2047, including both m-sequences and Gold sequences. Besides full period even auto- and cross-correlation, the overlay code search considered the correlation when a small subsequence (100 or 200 symbols) is correlated against the full code.
The Emergence of Individual Knowledge in a Group Setting: Mitigating Cognitive Fallacies

Research in psychology has found that subjects regularly exhibit a conjunction fallacy in probability judgments. Additional research has led to the finding of other fallacies in probability judgment, including disjunction and conditional fallacies. Such analyses of judgments are critical because of the substantial amount of probability judgment done in accounting, business and organizational settings. However, most previous research has been conducted in the environment of a single decision maker. Since business and other organizational environments also employ groups, it is important to determine the impact of groups on such cognitive fallacies. This paper finds that groups substantially mitigate the impact of probability judgment fallacies among the sample of subjects investigated. The key finding of this paper is the analysis of the apparent manner in which groups make such decisions. A statistical analysis, based on a binomial distribution, suggests that groups investigated here did not use consensus. Instead, if any one member of the group has correct knowledge about the probability relationships, then the group uses that knowledge and does not exhibit fallacy in probability judgment. Having a computational model of the group decision making process provides a basis for developing computational models that can be used to simulate “mirror worlds” of reality or model decision making in real world settings.
Best Practices in Higher Education: The Use of Online Cohorts in Support of Non-Traditional Students: A Review of the Literature and an Administrative Critique

Use of the cohort model in higher education has been in place for some sixty years. This paper reviews the literature concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the cohort as it is currently used in on-line education. The review is conducted from the viewpoint of administrators, faculty and students. The authors then conducted focus groups with the same triad in their own institution, which has been running on-line, cohort based degree programs since 1998.
Implications of Climate Change for Cereal Aphids on the Great Plains of North America

The Great Plains of North America represent a vast expanse of fertile land characterized by extreme weather conditions, generally limited rainfall, and long distance migration of insect pests, including aphid species that are especially damaging to graminaceous crops. An increase in annual mean temperatures would have certain predictable consequences for cereal aphid populations via direct effects on aphid biology, and indirectly through effects on plants and natural enemies. However, any sustained shift in prevailing wind patterns associated with atmospheric warming could generate an unpredictable cascade of ecological consequences for both agriculture and cereal aphids, mediated largely by changes in rainfall patterns and migration pathways, respectively. The direct effects of warming would be generally beneficial for aphids through most of the year, except in summer when high temperatures are already limiting to survival in much of the region. Additional indirect effects will be mediated by changes in the phenology of cereal crops and wild host plants, adjustment of agronomic practices, and likely impacts on natural enemies. Possible adverse consequences for agriculture include northern range expansions of pest aphid species, prolonged periods of asexual reproduction in autumn, improved survival of overwintering eggs, earlier development of spring populations, and more efficient virus transmission over greater distances.
The Geographic Conundrum of Infections: Where or Wherefore?

Geographic patterns of infectious diseases are so various, and often so poorly understood, as to bewilder the amateur epidemiologist and confound the professional. The fundamental problem facing both is that geography per se is of no importance in determining disease occurrence. Rather it is proxy for a variety of factors that directly affect the presence of the microorganism or the susceptible host, or the opportunity for transmission of the one to the other. It is instructive that our reac-
Detection of methanogenic archaea in the pitchers of the Northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea ).

Carnivorous plants of the genus Sarracenia rely on microorganisms in their pitchers to decompose drowned insects. The environment inside pitchers is considered to be aerobic; however, there might b...
Midgut Bacteria of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas sp. were found in the midgut of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), from the second instar to the adult. Flavobacterium sp. was found in only about 3% of the cases and only after the fourth instar. The bacteria apparently were acquired by contamination from other bugs. Tests in vitro with 34 antibiotics indicated that 8 of these might be used to eliminate the normal bacteria from the midgut of this species.
Arabidopsis mutations at the RPS2 locus result in loss of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing the avirulence gene avrRpt2

We isolated and characterized two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that fail to mount a hypersensitive defense response (HR) when infiltrated with phytopathogenic Pseudomonas strains carrying the avirulence (avr) gene avrRpt2 but still mount an HR when infiltrated with strains carrying other avr genes. One of these mutants was isolated using a method we developed that enriches for Arabidopsis seedlings that survive vacuum-infiltration with a bacterial strain carrying an avr gene. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotypes of both mutants resulted from mutations at a single locus, RPS2. In contrast to the wild type, both rps2 mutants failed to limit the growth of Pseudomonas strains carrying avrRpt2. Heterozygous RPS2/rps2 plants displayed a phenotype intermediate between those of RPS2/RPS2 and rps2/rps2 homozygotes. These experiments show that the wild-type allele at the rps2 locus, RPS2, encodes a component of a signal transduction pathway that responds to a signal generated by avrRpt2 and that RPS2 is required for the elicitation of an HR. RPS2 was mapped near the restriction fragment length polymorphism marker PG11 on chromosome IV.