cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soil decontamination via microwave and radio frequency co‐volatilization

Microwave and radio frequency heating techniques have proven to be suitable on the laboratory scale and for small scale field studies as energy sources for thermal processing of solvent contaminated hazardous waste and contaminated soils. The process described here is a technique that could be used to remove contaminates from soils or sludges on-site, collect the contaminate in an activated carbon absorption tower, and move the activated carbon off site for regeneration. The data presented show that destruction and removal efficiencies (DRE) of near 100% can be achieved for phenanthrene in simulated API separator sludge and 60% for pentachlorophenol in contaminated soil. A technique to enhance microwave absorption by the addition of carbon particles to the soil or sludge sample to be treated is discussed.
Clinical Outcomes After Cartilage Injury and Repair

The International Classification of Functioning and Disablement provides a framework that can be used to assess clinical outcomes of articular cartilage surgery. In this model, clinical outcome can be determined in terms of structure and function of the articular cartilage and joint as well as in terms of activity and participation of the individual. Factors to consider when selecting a clinical outcome measure include the purpose for which the information will be used, the time required to administer and score the instrument, and psychometric properties of the instrument, including test re-test reliability, responsiveness, and validity. Use of the Lysholm Knee Scale, Cincinnati Knee Rating System, Activities of Daily Living Scale of the Knee Outcome Survey, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Knee Osteoarthritis and Outcomes Score, and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form to evaluate patient-oriented outcomes for articular cartilage procedures is discussed.
Quantifying periglacial erosion in the Nepal high Himalaya

Abstract Quantifying erosion rates in high mountain environments is challenging because the erosional processes are often stochastic and catastrophic. Distinguishing between periglacial and glacial rates is especially challenging. In this study we focus on determining erosion rates from a glaciated alpine landscape where the bedrock sidewalls are eroding predominantly by blockfall. We utilize a topographically well-constrained, debris-covered glacier on the north slope of the Annapurna Range, central Nepal Himalaya, to quantify an average headwall retreat rate. By measuring supraglacial debris depths from 0.1 to 2.4 m and average short-term down-valley transport rates of 17 m/yr we calculate a yearly sediment flux of 5820 ± 1990 m3/yr. The supraglacial debris originates from the steep, rocky headwall of the valley and we use the calculated flux with an estimated headwall contributing area to determine a slope-perpendicular headwall retreat rate of 1.3 ± 0.5 mm/yr, which corresponds to a vertical lowering rate of 0.42 ± 0.16 mm/yr and a horizontal retreat rate of 1.2 ± 0.5 mm/yr. This rate is significantly greater than the steady-state erosion rates that we determine for the valley ridge crests and sidewalls (0.08 ± 0.03 mm/yr and 0.20 ± 0.05 mm/yr, respectively) using concentrations of the in situ produced cosmogenic radionuclide, 10Be. Additionally, 10Be exposure ages of the lateral moraine crests and supraglacial debris suggest a glacial advance about 470 yr ago and a long-term supraglacial transport rate of about 10 m/yr. Using this long-term transport rate reduces our inferred headwall retreat and suggests that the up-glacial bedrock slopes are eroding at roughly the same rate. While our results do not quantify the rate of glacial erosion, the absence of a glacial gorge suggests that there may be a rough balance between glacial downcutting and the erosion of the valley sidewalls. Rates quantified here are almost an order of magnitude lower than fluvial incision rates of the upper Marsyandi River that drains the study area, suggesting that even glaciated catchments are not keeping pace with the rapidly down-cutting rivers of the Himalaya.
Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal, 2008-2011: analysis of surveillance data

Nepal is one of the post-conflict countries affected by violence from explosive devices. We undertook this study to assess the magnitude of injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal during 2008-2011 and to describe time trends and epidemiologic patterns for these events. We analyzed surveillance data on fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal that occurred between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. The case definition included casualties injured or killed by explosive devices knowingly activated by an individual or a group of individuals with the intent to harm, hurt or terrorize. Data were collected through media-based and active community-based surveillance. Analysis included 437 casualties injured or killed in 131 intentional explosion incidents. A decrease in the number of incidents and casualties between January 2008 and June 2009 was followed by a pronounced increase between July 2010 and June 2011. Eighty-four (19.2%) casualties were among females and 40 (9.2%) were among children under 18 years of age. Fifty-nine (45.3%) incidents involved one casualty, 47 (35.9%) involved 2 to 4 casualties, and 6 involved more than 10 casualties. The overall case-fatality ratio was 7.8%. The highest numbers of incidents occurred in streets or at crossroads, in victims’ homes, and in shops or markets. Incidents on buses and near stadiums claimed the highest numbers of casualties per incident. Socket, sutali, and pressure cooker bombs caused the highest numbers of incidents. Intentional explosion incidents still pose a threat to the civilian population of Nepal. Most incidents are caused by small homemade explosive devices and occur in public places, and males aged 20 to 39 account for a plurality of casualties. Stakeholders addressing the explosive device problem in Nepal should continue to use surveillance data to plan interventions.
Prolonged recovery after out-patient pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Abstract Objective To determine variables predictive of recovery room times in pediatric outpatient adenotonsillectomy. Study design Retrospective case–control. Methods One-hundred ninety consecutive patients undergoing outpatient adenotonsillectomy at an ambulatory surgery center of a tertiary-care free standing pediatric hospital were grouped into upper and lower deciles of recovery room times. Twenty-one variables were analyzed to determine which variables are predictive of prolonged recovery time. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Of the 190 patients, mean recovery room time was 103 min (SD 53.1), 22 patients were in the lower decile (mean recovery room time of 63 ± 6 min) and 17 patients were in the upper decile (155 ± 40 min, P N = 5) predicted a longer recovery time (OR = 10.8, 95% CI 2.0–59.5, P = 0.0017). This association remained significant when controlling for anesthesiologist and surgeon (OR = 8.8, 95% CI 1.5–50.9, P = 0.0072). There were no complications in any patients. Conclusions Recovery room times after outpatient adenotonsillectomy vary significantly (mean 103 min (SD 53.1), range 50–241 min). Of potential predictors, only the human factor (PACU nursing staff) was associated with prolonged recovery room times, independent of surgeon and anesthesiologist. Development of standardized protocols for nurses to use for discharge has the potential to increase throughput for adenotonsillectomy patients in an outpatient surgery center setting.
The Power of Asterisks

Arguably, one of the most important elements of any clinical laboratory test is the reference interval, the values that help physicians interpret their patients' test results. Although it is frequently recommended that laboratories establish their own reference limits with their own methods and local patient populations (1), few laboratories have the resources to do all the work required to achieve this goal. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Adeli and colleagues provide, in a series of 3 papers (2–4), an exceptional compilation of high-quality reference interval data. Following a protocol they developed for the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER)2 (5), which was undertaken to address the dearth of pediatric reference interval data, they arranged for roughly 12 000 reference individuals to provide blood and urine samples to be analyzed for a large number of common laboratory tests. These individuals, males and females from multiple age groups, were selected from across Canada in an effort to represent the entire Canadian population. Their health was vetted by questionnaire, personal interview, and brief physical examination. Analyses were done largely by a single laboratory using well-defined, standard laboratory instrumentation; exceptions included complete blood counts (CBCs) which, for specimen integrity reasons, were done at the individual collection sites, using instrumentation from a single manufacturer to ensure consistency. Their data analysis followed the CLSI protocol (1) completely with respect to detection of outliers, need for partitioning, and use of nonparametric statistics. Laboratories using these methods and located in Canada may now have the high-quality reference interval data they always wished they had but could not arrange to collect themselves. Actually, the data may be applicable to a much wider audience. With respect to methods, although these studies were generated with specific instrumentation and reagents, the results may be transferable …
Relationships between and among selected measures of sweet-taste preference and dietary intake

Essai d'evaluation, a partir des resultats d'une enquete, de l'impact de la saveur sucree de produits alimentaires sur le choix du consommateur et l'ingestion alimentaire en correlation ou non avec la valeur nutritive des produits choisis
POLLEN-MEDIATED SELECTIVE ABORTION IN YUCCAS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE PLANT–POLLINATOR MUTUALISM

Mutualistic interactions contain an underlying evolutionary conflict, in that natural selection favors individuals better at exploiting their mutualistic partner, thus potentially destabilizing the mutualism. In the obligate mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths, selective abortion of flowers that receive many moth eggs or receive poor pollen load has been suggested as a mechanism that can prevent evolution of excessive exploitation by moths. Using controlled pollinations, varying pollen amount and source, we asked whether variation in pollination quality of the magnitude seen among moths affects patterns of selective abortion. Pollination experiments in two Yucca filamentosa populations revealed that both pollen quantity (large/small) and quality (self/one-outcross/two-outcross donors) affected fruit retention, seed set, and seedling growth rate. A pollen load larger than that typically provided by moths increased fruit retention. Outcrossed flowers were selectively retained to fruit, and flowers rece...
The 7.68-Mev State in C 12

Magnetic analysis of the alpha-particle spectrum from N14(d, α)C12 covering the excitation energy range from 4.4 to 9.2 Mev in C12 shows a level at 7.68±0.03 Mev. At Ed=620 kev, θlab=90°, transitions to this state are only 6 percent of those to the level at 4.43 Mev.
Group-based Coordinated Checkpointing for MPI: A Case Study on InfiniBand

As more and more clusters with thousands of nodes are being deployed for high performance computing (HPC), fault tolerance in cluster environments has become a critical requirement. Checkpointing and rollback recovery is a common approach to achieve fault tolerance. Although widely adopted in practice, coordinated checkpointing has a known limitation on scalability. Severe contention for bandwidth to storage system can occur as a large number of processes take a checkpoint at the same time, resulting in an extremely long checkpointing delay for large parallel applications. In this paper, we propose a novel group-based checkpointing design to alleviate this scalability limitation. By carefully scheduling the MPI processes to take checkpoints in smaller groups, our design reduces the number of processes simultaneously taking checkpoints, while allowing those processes not taking checkpoints to proceed with computation. We implement our design and carry out a detailed evaluation with micro-benchmarks, HPL, and the parallel version of a data mining toolkit, MotifMiner. Experimental results show our group-based checkpointing design can reduce the effective delay for checkpointing significantly, up to 78% for HPL and up to 70% for MotifMiner.
A mutation outside the two zinc fingers of ADR1 can suppress defects in either finger.

Abstract A second-site mutation that restored DNA binding to ADR1 mutants altered at different positions in the two zinc fingers was identified. This mutation (called IS1) was a conservative change of arginine 91 to lysine in a region amino terminal to the two zinc fingers and known from previous experiments to be necessary for DNA binding. IS1 increased binding to the UAS1 sequence two- to sevenfold for various ADR1 mutants and twofold for wild-type ADR1. The change of arginine 91 to glycine decreased binding twofold, suggesting that this arginine is involved in DNA binding in the wild-type protein. The increase in binding by IS1 did not involve protein-protein interactions between the two ADR1 monomers, nor did it require the presence of the sequences flanking UAS1. However, the effect of IS1 was influenced by the sequence of the first finger, suggesting that interactions between the region amino terminal to the fingers and the fingers themselves could exist. A model for the role of the amino-terminal region based on these results and sequence homologies with other DNA-binding motifs is proposed.
Notes on Early Christian Libraries in Rome

Assature autem perdicum et fasianorum et turturum nulo indigent sapore nisi sale. Nota universaliter tam pro carnibus quam piscibus quod quanto carnes sunt aut pisces viscosiores et difficilioris digestionis et maioris superfluitatis et humidioris nature tanto indigent saporibus calidioribus et acutioribus ut piperata etc. Gallinarum autem elixatarum est ysopus petrocilii et croci et assatarum est liquor descendens cum sapori convenienti respectu temporis. Et hec de saporibus breviter sufficiunt.
A TECHNICAL NOTE ON ARTIFICIAL MILK FEEDING OF RABBIT KITS WEANED AT 14 DAYS

The effect of early weaning on kit growth and survival performance using an artificial milk feeding regimen was investigated. New Zealand Whlte kits (n = 191) from 23 litters were either naturally or artificially fed a mili 0.05). From weekly BW analyses, C fryers were heavier at 70 d of age than A fryers by 0.20 kg (P 0.05). Artificial feeding of kits is technically possible, although this method may not be economically feasible. In addition to the observed decrease in growth and survival performance, the high cost of artificial milk and the degree of skill involved are limltations of this method. Despite our negative preliminary resulta, this potential application warrants further Investigation.
Rewarding the resident teacher.

Residents routinely make significant contributions to the education of medical students. However, little attention has been paid to rewarding these individuals for their involvement in these academic activities. This report describes a program that rewards resident teachers with an academic appointment as a Clinical Instructor. The residents participate in the laboratory portion of the anatomy program at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine. They prepare weekly cadaver dissections and present these dissections to the first year medical students. Guidelines developed by the anatomy faculty and approved by the appropriate committees at both the Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University establish requirements that a resident must meet to qualify for an academic appointment. Evaluation of this program indicates that it has been very successful based on medical student feedback, resident interest in gaining teaching experience, and residency directors appreciation of the opportunity for residents to gain valuable teaching experience in an academic setting. Anat Sci Educ 4: 227–230. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Optical properties of metamaterials composed from organic molecules and silver nanostructures

First principle calculations of Ag nanoslab optical functions indicate strong contributions of the surface states to light absorption. Imaginary part of dielectric function responsible for losses is substantially modified due to adsorption of organic molecules.
An autonomously folding β‐hairpin derived from the human YAP65 WW domain: Attempts to define a minimum ligand‐binding motif

WW domains are broadly distributed among natural proteins; these modules play a role in bringing specific proteins together. The ligands recognized by WW domains are short segments rich in proline residues. We have tried to identify the minimum substructure within a WW domain that is required for ligand binding. WW domains typically comprise ca. 40 residues and fold to a three-stranded β-sheet. Structural data for several WW domain/ligand complexes suggest that most or all of the intermolecular contacts involve β-strands 2 and 3. We have developed a 16-residue peptide that folds to a β-hairpin conformation that appears to mimic β-strands 2 and 3 of the human YAP65 WW domain, but this peptide does not bind to known ligands. Thus, the minimum binding domain is larger than the latter two strands of the WW domain β-sheet. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2005
Mobility management for dense networks

This paper considers a Wireless Local Area Network consisting of Access Points that can provide only a limited cone of coverage. A dense access point deployment is required for such a network to provide coverage over a substantial area. Such a deployment introduces challenges associated with support of terminal mobility, backhaul management load and association. In this paper, we propose simple yet effective solutions to these problems.
Integrated circuit lick/contact sensor which is compatible with relay programming equipment

Abstract A lickometer or contact-sensing circuit is presented which has been used in the author's lab for about two years. The circuit has proven to be highly reliable, trouble free, easy to build, and low in cost.
Perspective: Plant biology—A quiet pioneer

The study of plants contributed to establishment of the foundation for modern biology. For example, it was observations first made in plants that led to two fundamental theories of biology—cell theory and genetics. Throughout the 20th century, plant biology continued to make contributions to the conceptual and technological advances in basic biology and biotechnology, although plant biology's contributions were not always recognized by the field of biology at large. Plants have direct applications to today's major societal challenges including food security, climate change, energy, and sustainability. Solutions to these challenges require innovative technologies that are solidly based on science.
Maximal dynamic range electrotactile stimulation waveforms

A new method to measure the dynamic range of electrotactile (electrocutaneous) stimulation uses both steepest ascent (gradient) and one-variable-at-a-time methods to determine the waveform variables that maximize the subjective magnitude (intensity) of the electrotactile percept at the maximal current without discomfort for balanced-biphasic pulse bursts presented at a 15-Hz rate. The magnitude at the maximal current without discomfort is maximized by the following waveform (range tested in parenthesis): number of pulses/burst=6 (1-20), pulse repetition rate within a burst=350 Hz (200-1500), and phase width=150 mu s (40-350). The interphase interval (separation between positive and negative phases in a biphasic pulse) does not affect dynamic range from 0-500 mu s. The number of pulses/burst has a large effect on the perceived dynamic range when this is measured using a subjective-magnitude-based algorithm, whereas it has little effect on the traditional dynamic range measure, i.e., (maximal current without discomfort)/(sensation threshold current). >
The effects of high dose and highly fractionated radiation on distraction osteogenesis in the murine mandible.

The ability of irradiated tissue to support bony growth remains poorly defined, although there are anecdotal cases reported showing mixed results for the use of mandibular distraction osteogenesis after radiation for head and neck cancer. Many of these reports lack objective measures that would allow adequate analysis of outcomes or efficacy. The purpose of this experiment was to utilize a rat model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis after high dose and highly fractionated radiation therapy and to evaluate and quantify distracted bone formation under these conditions. Male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent 12 fractions of external beam radiation (48 Gray) of the left mandible. Following a two week recovery period, an external frame distractor was applied and gradual distraction of the mandible was performed. Tissue was harvested after a twenty-eight day consolidation period. Gross, radiologic and histological evaluations were undertaken. Those animals subjected to pre-operative radiation showed severe attenuation of bone formation including bone atrophy, incomplete bridging of the distraction gap, and gross bony defects or non-union. Although physical lengthening was achieved, the irradiated bone consistently demonstrated marked damaging effects on the normal process of distraction osteogenesis. This murine model has provided reliable evidence of the injurious effects of high dose radiation on bone repair and regeneration in distraction osteogenesis utilizing accurate and reproducible metrics. These results can now be used to assist in the development of therapies directed at mitigating the adverse consequences of radiation on the regeneration of bone and to optimize distraction osteogenesis so it can be successfully applied to post-oncologic reconstruction.
Multispectral Sensor for In-Situ Cotton Fiber Quality Measurement

Reflectance spectra of cotton fiber samples having different fiber quality levels were measured with a high-resolution spectrophotometer, processed with waveband averaging and wavelet analysis, and then related to micronaire with multiple linear regression. Regression models indicated that micronaire had a close relationship (R2 = 0.89) with reflectance at seven 100 nm wavebands (1120, 1296, 1550, 1664, 1852, 2020, and 2340 nm). In the wavelet-based analysis, six wavelet-coefficient regressors were identified and entered into a regression model. This model also indicated a very close relationship between micronaire and reflectance spectra (R2 = 0.97). A prototype cotton fiber quality sensor was developed based on the characteristics of the cotton fiber reflectance spectrum and the wavelet-based multiple-regression analyses. The sensor consists of a VisGaAs camera, optical bandpass filters, a halogen light source, and an image collection and processing system. Images of lint samples at three near-infrared (NIR) wavebands (1450, 1550, and 1600 nm) were acquired and analyzed with two methods to determine the relationship between image pixel values and cotton fiber micronaire. One method involved ROI (region-of-interest) pixel-value data, while the other involved histogram-based pixel-value data. Results showed that the sensor was capable of accurately estimating the fiber micronaire (R2 = 0.99 for ROI data, and R2 = 0.99 for histogram-based data). This sensor could potentially be used for measuring cotton fiber quality along with spatial data from a GPS receiver as the cotton is harvested in the field, making it possible to generate cotton fiber quality maps. The sensor also has the potential to be used for segregating cotton at harvest based on fiber quality.
Cannabinoids and Herpesviruses

The effect of cannabinoids on the immune system has been studied in great detail over the last three decades primarily by in vitro systems and in experimental animal models. The overwhelming majority of these studies suggest that the main psychoactive component of marijuana, 9-tetrahydracannabinol (THC), has negative effects on immunity.(1,2) This review will summarize the current state of knowledge on herpesvirus infection and cannabinoids. This topic was selected because after primary infection, herpesviruses cause lifelong latent infection, and immunodeficiency has been linked to life-threatening herpesvirus infections. Therefore, it was hypothesized that marijuana smoking may compromise immunity against herpesviruses leading to frequent recurrent infections. However, specific studies examining the effect of cannabinoids on herpesvirus infections do not uniformly support this hypothesis. While some early studies linked marijuana use to more frequent reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infections, most recent studies show that THC is a potent inhibitor of lytic replication of oncogenic gamma herpesviruses. The first part of this chapter will summarize current advances in cannabinoid research and herpesvirus biology and molecular genetics. The second section will summarize in detail the literature dealing specifically with interaction of cannabinoids with herpesviruses.
Coregulation of the Na/K pump and the h-current as a mechanism for robust neuromodulation

To achieve the behavioral flexibility necessary for survival in a variable environment, neuronal circuits have to produce activity over a broad range of functional characteristics. Central pattern generators (CPGs), rhythmically active neuronal networks that control motor functions such as breathing, swimming, and walking, are ideal systems for addressing questions about how neuromodulation efficiently adjusts network output to meet environmental demands. Neuromodulators modify the dynamics of CPGs by orchestrating changes in multiple ionic channels and the electrogenic pump. The Na+/K+ pump has been implicated as critical in the dynamics of CPGs [1,2]. In the leech heartbeat CPG, the Na+/K+ pump is a target for neuromodulation. The neuropeptide myomodulin decreases the burst period; it increases the h-current and decreases the Na+/K+ pump current. We developed a model of the leech heart interneuron (HN) including the Na+/K+ pump current and intracellular Na+ dynamics. We separately considered the HN and pairs of HNs coupled through mutual inhibition that form half-center oscillators (HCOs). HCOs form the kernel of the leech heartbeat CPG. To investigate the role of the h-current and the Na+/K+ pump current, we changed corresponding biophysical parameters of these currents. We investigated eight model instantiations representing combinations of three experimental treatments: the blockade of chemical synapses representing application of bicuculline, the blockade of h-current representing application of Cs+, and the enhancement of the h-current and inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump current representing the application of myomodulin. Experiments with Cs+ and myomodulin showed the separate effects of myomodulin on the h-current and the Na+/K+ pump current [1]. Experimental application of myomodulin decreases the period of oscillatory activity by 17%. Application of Cs+ increases the period of bursting by 24% relative to control. The application of myomodulin in addition to Cs+ decreases the period of bursting by 12% relative to treatment with Cs+. The model captures the qualitative trends in change of cycle period observed in experiments with myomodulin and Cs+. Since the application of myomodulin decreases the period of activity when the h-current is present or absent, the Na+/K+ pump current plays a significant role in the dynamics of the HCO. We investigated activity of the model with different values of the maximal conductance of the h-current, g ¯h and the maximal pump current, IPumpMax, for isolated neurons and HCOs. We found ranges of parameters where neurons showed bursting activity. In the HCO, we identified the region of the parameter space that supported functional bursting activity. Joint changes of IPumpMax and g ¯h allows neurons to preserve functional activity over a larger span of IPumpMax and g ¯h and to produce functional activity with a larger range of period.
Shackled to the Soil: The Long-Term Effects of Inherited Land on Labor Mobility and Consumption

Productive assets promote the economic well-being of the rural poor. However, where cultural obligations and market frictions limit the exchange or ability to relinquish such assets, they may restrict access to high-return economic opportunities and undermine asset benefits causing a microeconomic parallel to the ‘resource curse’. Using an instrumental variables strategy and variation arising from sibling sex composition and Hindu inheritance customs that favor sons, I test this hypothesis by estimating the long-term causal effect of inheriting agricultural land in rural India. Consistent with standard models, inheriting land facilitates borrowing and increases household consumption. Yet, where the ability to fully utilize land through markets is severely constrained cultural obligations or land market transaction costs, the effect on consumption is entirely attenuated and negative for those who inherit at an early age. Those who inherit land are significantly less likely to migrate to urban areas and enter non-agricultural work in rural areas; effects that are accentuated by such frictions. These findings suggest that inheriting land greatly influences occupational trajectories and can suppress consumption to an extent that may overwhelm its direct benefit.
Pixels, Post-It's® and CS Principles (Abstract Only)

We describe an "unplugged" activity that exposes data structures and algorithms involved in image representation and compression, using multi-colored Post-It Notes®. We use Post-It's to illustrate how color images can be encoded and decoded so they can be stored efficiently on a computer and/or transmitted efficiently across a network. This provides an intuitive illustration of bitmaps and the GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), optimized with Lempel-Ziv compression. The algorithms are simple to explain and comprehend, and simultaneously appeal to the participants' sense of art and creativity while demystifying advanced computing concepts and computer graphics.We describe two sample exercises which make use of these concepts. In one exercise, teams of participants create messages with Post-It's, encode them and send them to other teams for decoding. In another exercise, a larger image is encoded and broken into letter paper-sized smaller images to be decoded and reassembled by a group.This activity has proven to engage participants with a wide variety of backgrounds, and provides the background needed for further exploration and discussion of Computer Science Principles, specifically the Big Ideas of Creativity, Abstraction, Data and Information, and Algorithms.
Distribution and phenology of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) along the Gulf of Mexico.

During spring and summer of 1966, 46 light traps were operated–some nightly, others every other night–mainly in southern Mississippi. Of the 25 Culicoides species identified from the catches, 15 constitute new records for the State. Densities of the species and seasonal incidence in light traps were recorded for each station. The data secured from these traps, together with records of a southern Louisiana survey and reported information for Florida and Texas, are utilized in an analysis of the distribution and seasonal incidence of the various species along the Gulf of Mexico coast of the United States.
Analysis of polio antibody levels in healthy population in Miyun county of Beijing,2012

Objective To investigate the levels of poliomyelitis neutralized antibody in healthy people in Miyun County of Beijing in 2012. Methods 10 villages belonged to 9 vaccination clinics were selected based on population distribution and geographic location. Total 268 blood samples among 22 age groups were collected and tested. The sex ratio was from 0. 8 to 1. 2.Results The neutralizing antibody positive rates for polioⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ were 98. 51%,99. 63% and 99. 25% respectively. The geometric mean titers( GMT) of three types were 1∶ 356. 91,1∶ 312. 04 and 1∶ 233. 00 respectively. The levels of three-type polio antibody had no difference in different age groups,however,the GMT levels had significant difference. Conclusion The antibody positive rate and GMT in local people maintained at a higher level.
Estimation on the mortality and disease burden attributed to selected risk factors in Shandong province

Objective: To determine the major health related risk factors and provide evidence for policy-making,using health burden analysis on selected factors among general population from Shandong province. Methods: Based on data derived from the Third Death of Cause Sampling Survey in Shandong. Years of life lcrat(YLLs),yearS Iived with disability(YLDs)and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) were calculated according to the GBD ethodology.Deaths and DALYs attributed to the selected risk factors were than estimated together with the PAF data from GBD 2001 study.The indirect method was employed to estimate the YLDs. Results: 51.09%of the total dearlls and 31.83%of the total DALYs from the Shandong population were resulted from the 19 selected risk factors.High blood pre.ure,smoking,low fruit and vegetable intake,aleohol consumption,indoor smoke from solid fuels,high cholesterol,urban air pollution, physical inactivity,overweight and obesity and unsafe injections in health care settings were identified as the top 10 risk faetors for mortality which together caused 50.21%of the total deaths.Alcohol use,smoking,high blood pressure,Low fruit and vegetable intake, indoor smoke from solid fuels, overweight and obesity,high cholesterol, physical inactivity,urban air pollution and iron-deficiency anemia were proved as the top 10 risk factors related to disease burden and were responsible for 29.04%of the total DALYs. Conclusion: Alcohol use.smoking and high blood pressure were determined as the major risk factors which influencing the health of residents in Shandong. The mortality and burden of disease could be reduced significantly if these major factors were effectively under control.
Play and the Metaphors of the Body

Freud's theories of psychosexual and ego development state that the ego is first and foremost a bodily ego and that, through the symbolic function, the child's organization of the world is constellated around various, maturationally determined, zones and functions of the body. This theory was a masterpiece of inference as it was based entirely on the dreams, fantasies, and free associations of Freud's adult analysands. He was able to further extend and elaborate his ideas through his consultations with his colleague, Max Graf, who described to Freud the play and sexual preoccupations of his son, Little Hans. The history of psychoanalysis is filled with one so-called "innovation" after another that begins with the repudiation of the theory of infantile sexuality. It is typically repudiated on the basis of its physicalistic and reductive application to clinical material. But to regard the theory of infantile sexuality physicalistically is to ignore the fact that it is a psychological theory and to use it, or any other theory, reductively is to simply impose on a patient. The theory was not intended to be used this way but of course it is free to be misunderstood and misused by anyone. The theory of infantile sexuality is inextricably bound with the psychoanalytic notion of the symbolic function. Thus the psychosexual stages of development schematize the canalization of experience and the construction of a world-view. In this paper I will cover briefly a wide range of material from play configurations to children's fantasy narratives to libido development to the symbolic function to the role of metaphor in the construction of a world view and on to the recognition of metaphor as an organizing concept in psychoanalytic theory and technique. In doing so, I'll hope to illustrate the relationship between play and the metaphors of the body. Freud introduced his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality in 1905, his analysis of the play and preoccupations of Little Hans in 1909, and his assertion that the ego is first and foremost a bodily ego in 1923. With the exception of the work with Little Hans, whom he learned of only through the boy's father, most of Freud's theorizing was based on inference from his work with adults. In 1913 Hermine Hug-Hellmuth, the third woman to join the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, began doing psychoanalytic work with children. She wrote about how she invited them to speak to her, not on the couch in free association, but, on the floor in the metaphors of play. Hug-Hellmuth was the originator of play therapy. But, alas, the subject about whom many of her papers are devoted was her own very troubled nephew who lived with her, was probably analyzed by her, and who subsequently murdered her in 1924.
1.7 Boron and Silicon Carbide Fibers (CVD)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a technique that allows one to deposit ceramic materials in thin layers that possess near theoretical density and small grain size. Both of these qualities lead to tensile strength and elastic modulus of the deposit that are extremely high compared to alternate techniques for processing this classification of materials. This chapter covers boron and silicon carbide fibers made by CVD.
Water Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease

The ability of the kidney to both dilute and concentrate the urine is dependent, among other factors, on the rate of glomerular filtration. It is therefore not surprising that as renal disease progresses, disturbances in water balance ensue, ultimately reflected in changes in S[Na]. The prevalence and significance of both hyponatremia and hypernatremia in CKD have been appreciated as clinically important. Studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for derangements in renal concentration and dilution in CKD. Approaches to the prevention and management of dysnatremias in patients with decreased kidney function have been developed.
Regulation of Single-Strand Annealing and its Role in Genome Maintenance

Single-strand annealing (SSA) is a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway that uses homologous repeats to bridge DSB ends. SSA involving repeats that flank a single DSB causes a deletion rearrangement between the repeats, and hence is relatively mutagenic. Nevertheless, this pathway is conserved, in that SSA events have been found in several organisms. In this review, we describe the mechanism of SSA and its regulation, including the cellular conditions that may favor SSA versus other DSB repair events. We will also evaluate the potential contribution of SSA to cancer-associated genome rearrangements, and to DSB-induced gene targeting.
Processing conditions?fracture toughness relationships of asphalt concrete mixtures

The effect of processing conditions (dynamic compaction) on the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of AC-20 asphalt concrete mixture was studied. Beams were prepared from AC-20 asphalt binder containing 8% asphalt by weight with and without dynamic compaction. The gradation used was Ohio Department of Transportation item 403, and was kept the same. Flexural static tests were conducted to determine the effect of dynamic compaction on both the ultimate strength and flexural modulus. Flexural fatigue tests were conducted on three identical notched specimens prepared using each of the two compaction techniques. Parameters controlling the crack propagation process were evaluated; namely, the energy release rate and the change in work, Wi expended on damage formation and history dependent viscous dissipation processes within the active zone (region ahead of the crack tip). The modified crack layer (MCL) model was employed to extract the specific energy of damage, γ′, a material parameter characteristic of the asphalt concrete mixture's resistance to crack propagation, and the dissipative coefficient, β′. It has been found that the dynamically and statically compacted AC-20 mixture displayed superior fracture resistance, as reflected in γ′ and β′. Also, the ultimate strength and modulus increased by about two-fold. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed an obvious change in the morphology of the fracture surface. This is manifested in the appearance of a finer more dense texture in the case of the dynamically and statically compacted mixture. In addition, smaller more frequent dimples in binder rich areas are indicative of better adhesion between the binder and the aggregate. This in turn contributes to the increased fracture resistance of the dynamically and statically compacted AC-20 asphalt concrete mixture.
Transition in Crystal Morphology for Flow-Induced Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene

Deformation applied to a semicrystalline polymer melt prior to quenching can dramatically increase the concentration of nuclei and even transform the final crystalline morphology, phenomena collectively known as flow-induced crystallization (FIC). Using polarized optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we image the changes in morphology of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sample previously sheared in a rotational rheometer. Sufficiently large deformations promote the formation of “rice grain” shaped crystalline domains. These anisotropic structures are randomly oriented and are about 1.5–3.0 μm long (depending on applied work), with an aspect ratio of about 2:1. Well below the critical specific work threshold Wc, the crystalline morphology of our iPP sample is predominately composed of spherulites, with a fraction of rice grains that increases as the applied work increases. Above Wc, rice grains predominate, with no visible spherulites. The size of spherulites appears to be independent of applied ...
UTILIZATION OF THE LOCAL MEDIA IN AN INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS COURSE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a supplemental technique used in teaching an introductory statistics course at Michigan Technological University. The class was assigned a group project. Their task was to design, carry out, and analyze an experiment to determine the number of articles in the local newspaper, the Daily Mining Gazett, that require knowledge of statistics to correctly interpret. The instructor adopted a hands off posture except to ask an occasional question. A study plan was developed. A great deal of time was spent debating the criteria for classifying the articles. The newspaper was monitored for 28 days. Part of the analysis of this data included testing to see if a Poisson model was reasonable for this data. Two procedures were proposed to test this, namely, a Chi-squared goodness-of fit and a variance test for Poisson distributions. These class projects helped significantly in having most of the students achieve all four goals in this course.
Multi-component single-substrate conducting polymer actuation systems and fabrication techniques

Conducting polymer materials can be employed as actuation elements, length sensors, force sensors, energy storage devices, and electrical components. Combining the various functionalities of conducting polymers to create singlesubstrate, integrated systems remains a challenge, as chemical and electrical insulation barriers, adhesion techniques, and the possibility of scaling need to be taken into consideration. Here fabrication techniques for combining multiple conducting polymer components by means of electrically insulated, mechanical attachments are developed. Electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole substrates were coated with thin films of polystyrene, Parylene, and polyimide. The isotonic actuation performance of each coated film was evaluated in comparison to non-coated films, with an observed decrease in peak-to-peak maximum strain output near 95% (polystyrene and Parylene), 20% (vacuum, 0.8 Pa), 50% (curing at 110°C) and 20% (localized polyimide deposition). The chemical barrier properties of each manufacturing technique were evaluated by exposing the coated polypyrrole substrates to an oxidative chemical vapor deposition of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Vapor-deposited PEDOT made the insulation layers of polystyrene and Parylene conductive at thicknesses up to four microns. Spin-coated films of polyimide, greater than ten microns thick, maintained electrical insulation properties after PEDOT depositions. Conducting polymer film-to-film attachments using each manufacturing technique were attempted, with polyimide working successfully when employed under a specific deposition, drying, and curing protocol, as discussed. Three dimensional conducting polymer actuation systems composed of actuators, length sensors, and energy storage devices were constructed on flexible, single substrates. These results build a foundation upon which scalable, self-powered, polymer actuation systems can be developed.© (2011) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Four Interesting Applications of Quadratic Reciprocity

Gauss called the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity the golden theorem of number theory because, when it is in hand, the study of quadratic residues and non-residues can be pursued to a significantly deeper level. We have already seen some examples of how useful the LQR can be in answering questions about specific residues or non-residues. In this chapter, we will study four applications of the LQR which illustrate how it can be used to shed further light on interesting properties of residues and non-residues.
Internationale Gerichte und nationale Demokratien

Internationale Gerichte verfugen nur uber eine schwache demokratische Legitimation. Um ihre Position gegenuber nationalen Demokratien behaupten zu konnen, suchen sie daher nach Wegen, den Mitgliedsstaaten einerseits einen angemessenen Spielraum bei der Interpretation des Rechts einzuraumen und zugleich ein gemeinsames Verstandnis dieses Rechts zu fordern. Der Europaische Gerichtshof fur Menschenrechte hat hierzu die Methode entwickelt, zu prufen, ob sich in den Mitgliedsstaaten ein Trend zu einer bestimmten Interpretation der Menschenrechte beobachten lasst. Je nach Starke dieses Trends gesteht er der nationalen Politik einen kleinen oder einen grosen Ermessensspielraum Zu. Diese Rucksichtnahme auf nationale Vielfalt oder Konsens in einer Mehrheit von Mitgliedsstaaten kann jedoch auf Kosten des effektiven Schutzes der Menschenrechte gehen, wie im vorliegenden Papier am Beispiel der Religionsfreiheit gezeigt wird. Internationale Gerichte starken also nicht nur die Justizialisierung der internationalen Politik, sondern sie festigen mitunter zugleich auch vorhandene Machtstrukturen und Interpretationskulturen. Als Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma werden zwei Vorschlage gemacht: Zum einen sollten internationale Gerichte in ihrer Entscheidungsfi ndung auf rechtliche Methoden zuruckgreifen statt auf politische Mehrheiten Rucksicht zu nehmen. Zum anderen konnten offentliche Anhorungen aller am Rechtsstreit interessierten Parteien dazu beitragen, das Gerichtsverfahren zu einem Forum der Auseinandersetzung uber unterschiedliche Interpretationen des gemeinsamen Rechts zu machen.