cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ED technicians can successfully place ultrasound-guided intravenous catheters in patients with poor vascular access.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to assess the success rate of emergency department (ED) technicians in placing ultrasound (US)-guided peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters. Methods In this prospective, observational trial, 19 ED technicians were taught to use US guidance to obtain IV access. Training sessions consisted of didactic instruction and hands-on practice. The ED technicians were then prospectively followed. The US guidance for IV access was limited to patients with difficult access. The primary outcome was successful peripheral IV placement. Results A total of 219 attempts were recorded, with a success rate of 78.5% (172/219). There was a significant correlation between operator experience and success rate. Complications were reported in 4.1% of patients and included 5 arterial punctures and 1 case of a transient paresthesia. Conclusions Emergency department technicians can be taught to successfully place US-guided IVs in patients with difficult venous access. Teaching this skill to ED technicians increases the pool of providers available in the ED to obtain access in this patient population.
A direct interview family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. I.

Background. This and the companion paper present two sequential family studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) conducted by the same research group, but with different sampling and best-estimate procedures. In addition to providing further data on familial transmission of OCD, we used comparison of disparate findings (moderate, specific familial aggregation in this first study versus a stronger effect for other anxiety disorders than for OCD alone in the second) to examine possible effects of proband characteristics and informant data on outcome. Method. In this initial study we interviewed 179 first-degree relatives of 72 OCD probands and 112 relatives of 32 never mentally ill (NMI) controls. Informant data were obtained on an additional 126 relatives (total 'combined' samples of 263 and 154 respectively). Analyses used best-estimate diagnoses made by consensus of two 'blinded' senior clinicians who reviewed all diagnostic materials including proband informant data about relatives. Results. Significantly higher risk for OCD but not other anxiety disorders was found in relatives of OCD probands compared to relatives of controls in both the directly interviewed and combined samples. There was no relationship between proband age at onset of OCD and strength of familial aggregation. Conclusions. These data indicate moderate familial aggregation of OCD, but do not support increased transmission by early onset probands, or a familial relationship between OCD and other anxiety disorders with the possible exception of generalized anxiety disorder.
Gene mapping within the T/t complex of the mouse. II. Anomalous position of the H-2 complex in t haplotypes

Abstract Naturally occurring t haplotypes are chromosome 17 polymorphisms that suppress genetic recombination in t /+ heterozygotes over a long distance that includes the H-2 complex. There is strong linkage disequilibrium between t haplotypes and H-2 haplotypes; over 20 independently isolated t chromosomes representing eight different complementation groups share only four H-2 haplotypes. Thus t haplotypes and their associated H-2 loci are inherited en bloc as a "supergene" complex, whose frequency is driven in wild mouse populations by their high transmission from male t heterozygotes. This phenomenon must therefore serve as an important regulator of H-2 polymorphisms. Genes within the region of recombination suppression in t haplotypes have been mapped by crossing-over that occurs readily between two different t haplo-types situated in trans, and by this means we show here that the H-2 complex occupies an anomalous position in t haplotypes, mapping proximal to the locus of tf closely flanked by t -lethal mutations.
Simulation is real

Computer simulations of complex processes have always been connected with the real world. Analog computation was invented to solve a problem in the real world. The best known early model of a biological system showed that a computer would be necessary to study real systems. Now that computation power is abundant, the complexity of simulations has risen to provide realism. Connections with the real world are essential in testing the simulation. Also, models are now too large for exhaustive testing, so the researcher has to fall back on the same approach used in investigating the real world: carefully planned experiments.
Electrooptic Bragg-diffraction modulators in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure waveguides

Reports theoretical and experimental results on electrooptic Bragg-diffraction modulators in GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure waveguides. The devices utilize the linear electrooptic effect in periodic structures to facilitate spatial modulation of the refractive index in the waveguide. A numerical method was established to solve the waveguide equation and quantify the induced changes in the effective index of the waveguide as a result of reverse bias. The numerical calculation has established the guidelines for an optimum design of the modulator that operates in the Bragg regime. The measured diffraction efficiency of the single-grating Bragg modulator was as high as 90 percent at a driving voltage of 15 V. A device consisting of four such basic diffraction gratings was also fabricated and used to demonstrate the function of scalar addition. The highest bandwidth of the devices that have been measured exceeds 1 GHz. The planar waveguide Bragg modulators offer advantages including lower optical propagation loss, greater fabrication tolerance, and spatial separation between the diffracted and the undiffracted light beams. >
The scaffold protein MEK Partner 1 is required for the survival of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells

MEK Partner 1 (MP1 or MAPKSP1) is a scaffold protein that has been reported to function in multiple signaling pathways, including the ERK, PAK and mTORC pathways. Several of these pathways influence the biology of breast cancer, but MP1’s functional significance in breast cancer cells has not been investigated. In this report, we demonstrate a requirement for MP1 expression in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells. MP1 is widely expressed in both ER-positive and negative breast cancer cell lines, and in non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell lines. However, inhibition of its expression using siRNA duplexes resulted in detachment and apoptosis of several ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, but not ER-negative breast cancer cells or non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Inhibition of MP1 expression in ER-positive MCF-7 cells did not affect ERK activity, but resulted in reduced Akt1 activity and reduced ER expression and activity. Inhibition of ER expression did not result in cell death, suggesting that decreased ER expression is not the cause of cell death. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K signaling did induce cell death in MCF-7 cells, and expression of a constitutively active form of Akt1 partially rescued the cell death observed when the MP1 gene was silenced in these cells. Together, these results suggest that MP1 is required for pro-survival signaling from the PI3K/Akt pathway in ER-positive breast cancer cells.
The Emergence of Consolidated Service Centers in Health Care

Hospital supply chains can be conceptualized as complex systems with a large number of players and a high degree of interrelatedness among them, creating an environment that is difficult to optimize and manage. In recent years, a consolidated service center (CSC) strategy (sometimes also referred to as “self-distribution” strategy), has emerged in some healthcare systems, showing a strong potential for reducing the complexity in a hospital's supply chain to achieve high levels of performance and innovation. We examine three CSCs using a qualitative case method to understand the unique characteristics of this supply chain strategy, and how CSCs move hospital supply chains toward a less complex state. We find that CSCs demonstrate characteristics that distinguish them from other supply chain strategies. These characteristics enable the CSC to orchestrate supply base rationalization and disintermediation initiatives in the hospital's supply chain to effectively reduce the number of components and interrelatedness in this complex system.
Pedagogical Applications of Social Media in Business Education: Student and Faculty Perspectives

There has been wide academic and research interest in the application of social media modalities, as pedagogical tools, in higher education. Recent research indicates that business-related topics are a major focus of study on this emerging educational issue. Yet a systematic review of outcome studies regarding instructional Web 2.0 adaptations in business education has not appeared. To chart, the contemporary landscape of scholarly research in this area, the current study (a) identified, based on a keyword search in the ProQuest database, the key empirically based studies on the business education-social media nexus and (b) summarized the major findings of a subset of these studies (n = 11) with a focus on views of business students and faculty. The main social media tools used in instruction were Facebook, blogs, Twitter, and YouTube. Although a majority of studies reported positive attitudes by students regarding academic applications of Web 2.0 technologies, faculty views were more tepid and reserved. ...
Correlations between estrogen and testosterone concentrations, pairing status and acanthocephalan infection in an amphipod

Mechanisms by which parasites induce phenotypic alterations are poorly understood in many host–parasite systems. Amphipods are an intermediate host for a range of acanthocephalan parasites, and there is substantial evidence that parasites manipulate the physiology and behavior of amphipods in a variety of ways, including significant reproductive impacts. Evidence suggests such manipulations may result from disruption of serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. However, correlations with other hormones have not been widely investigated, in part because we lack understanding of the production and action of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone in amphipods. We investigated how estrogen (17β-estradiol) and testosterone concentrations vary between unparasitized male and female amphipods Gammarus pseudolimnaeus that were and were not in precopulatory pairs. We also investigated whether infection with the acanthocephalan Corynosoma sp. is correlated with differences in estrogen or testosterone concentrations when compared to unparasitized conspecifics. Our results indicate that estrogen and testosterone differ significantly between male and female amphipods, whether paired or unpaired, suggesting they may have sex-specific functions. The biological relevance of these hormones merits increased attention in light of the prevalence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in aquatic systems. Further, we found that encysted acanthocephalan parasites are correlated with elevated concentrations of estrogen and depressed concentrations of testosterone in male, but not female amphipods. This correlation suggests the need for a broader investigation of the mechanisms underlying phenotypic alterations of amphipod behavior and physiology by acanthocephalan parasites.
Remnant Geometric Hall Response in a Quantum Quench

Out-of-equilibrium systems can host phenomena that transcend the usual restrictions of equilibrium systems. Here, we unveil how out-of-equilibrium states, prepared via a quantum quench in a two-band system, can exhibit a nonzero Hall-type current—a remnant Hall response—even when the instantaneous Hamiltonian is time reversal symmetric (in contrast to equilibrium Hall currents). Interestingly, the remnant Hall response arises from the coherent dynamics of the wave function that retain a remnant of its quantum geometry postquench, and can be traced to processes beyond linear response. Quenches in two-band Dirac systems are natural venues for realizing remnant Hall currents, which exist when either mirror or time-reversal symmetry are broken (before or after the quench). Its long time persistence, sensitivity to symmetry breaking, and decoherence-type relaxation processes allow it to be used as a sensitive diagnostic of the complex out-of-equilibrium dynamics readily controlled and probed in cold-atomic optical lattice experiments.
Temperature Regulation Development in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)

Abstract Two experiments were designed to investigate the development of temperature regulation in Bobwhite quail. In experiment 1, eight groups of chicks were tested at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days of age. Body temperatures showed a curvilinear trend, increasing from 1 to 20 days and then decreasing to 30 days of age. Body temperature within some groups also increased with testing order of the chicks and this effect interacted with age. In experiment 2, one group of chicks was tested at each of the above ages. After determination of body temperature, each chick at each age was cooled for 30 minutes at 24° C. and its body temperature again recorded. The same curvilinear trend in body temperatures with age was evident in this group; however, an increase in body temperature with testing order only occurred at 5 days of age. When cooled, chicks showed a decrease in body temperature of approximately 9°C. at 1 day of age and were able to maintain body temperature by 30 days of age.
Heat Transfer from Fires to Surfaces

The heat transfer from fires to adjacent surfaces is an important consideration in many fire analyses. Some example applications that may require knowledge of the heat transfer from a flame include heating and failure of structural beams, heat transfer through walls and ceilings, and the ignition and flame spread along combustible surfaces.
Multiprocessor Sequence Similarity Searching

For maximum sensitivity, researchers use the computationally intensive dynamic programming algorithm [60] to compare two sequences. As the size of the databases continue to grow exponentially, it becomes impractical to use the full dynamic programming algorithm on a conventional sequential computer system. To reduce the search time, some researchers [5, 28, 129] developed alternative algorithms, as described in chapter 3, which are faster than the dynamic programming algorithm but have a lower degree of sensitivity. Other researchers [16, 26, 37, 43, 63, 83, 93, 94, 116, 117, 143, 144, 168] exploit the power of parallel computation systems to reduce search time without reducing sensitivity.
Status of the Cs fountain clock at the national research council of Canada

At the National Research Council of Canada, we are working to upgrade our cesium fountain clock. The transition from NRC-FCs1 to a second generation fountain, NRC-FCs2, requires the design and assembly of a new physics package. This work is being done in collaboration with the National Physical Laboratory UK (NPL), and is based on their newest fountain, NPL-CsF3. We will describe the status of this project and improvements to the laser and microwave systems. We will also report on a C-field mapping measurement which utilizes a novel technique to identify the central Ramsey fringe used to measure the field.
Popular Belief in Contemporary China: A Discourse Analysis

By all accounts there has been an impressive resurgence of popular religion in contemporary China, although statistics of this are in dispute. Reflecting official ideology, most Chinese identify th...
Multiyear Laboratory and Field Performance Assessment of High-Traffic US-49 Full-Depth Reclamation

This paper presents a case study of full-depth reclamation (FDR) on US-49 in Madison County, Mississippi. Laboratory and field test data are presented for FDR activities from construction through 53 months of service. US-49 was chosen as a case study because (a) the reclamation process encountered highly variable and large quantities of particles finer than 75 µm; (b) reclamation was performed to a depth of 16 in., which is relatively deep; (c) the presence of numerous fine particles in a relatively deep reclaimed layer used for a high-traffic application was not a typical FDR situation; and (d) FDR was initiated after construction began to alleviate issues that occurred during construction. Laboratory and field testing performed over a 53-month period suggest the pavement is performing well.
Interplay Between Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence During Disease Promoted by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

Abstract Diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals are the outcome of complex relationships between several dynamic factors, including bacterial pathogenicity, the fitness costs of resistance in the human host, and selective forces resulting from interventions such as antibiotic therapy. The emergence and fate of mutations that drive antibiotic resistance are governed by these interactions. In this review, we will examine how different forms of antibiotic resistance modulate bacterial fitness and virulence potential, thus influencing the ability of pathogens to evolve in the context of nosocomial infections. We will focus on 3 important multidrug-resistant pathogens that are notoriously problematic in hospitals: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus. An understanding of how antibiotic resistance mutations shape the pathobiology of multidrug-resistant infections has the potential to drive novel strategies that can control the development and spread of drug resistance.
Impact of Demonetization on Indian Citizens

Paper currency i.e. currency note is basically a promissory note that simply recommends that the payee has 'promised' to pay that amount to the payer. The same is written on every currency paper as well. This is authenticated in India by the RBI Governor. This currency notes people can you for the exchange of goods and services. It is considered as a legal tender for performing transactions. Demonetization means the 'scrapping' of old currency notes and cancelling their legal status of tender. Shri Narendra Modi, The Indian Prime Minister, in his speech to the nation on 8th November, 2016 declared the demonetization of the Indian currency notes Rs. 1000 and Rs. 500 with effect midnight of 8th November, 2016. This move sent the whole country in a wobbly. The Hon'ble Prime Minister specified this decision is a decisive attack against the black money being stored by the citizens of the country as well as a step to counter terrorism which was being funded by counterfeit money. This decision cancelled the legal status of the high value currency notes of INR 500 and 1000 with immediate effect and introduced new Rs. 2000 and Rs. 500 notes. This is really an unexpected surprise for all Indians. This sudden decision affected the several sectors including the Indian economy. Positive and negative impacts of the demonetization decision on Indian citizens are covered in this paper with the help of primary and secondary data. This paper is a sincere attempt to study the present scenario, short term and long term effects of demonetization in India.
Safety and Efficacy of Warfarin Therapy in Kawasaki Disease

Objective To describe the safety and efficacy of warfarin for patients with Kawasaki disease and giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs, ≥8 mm). Giant aneurysms are managed with combined anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies, heightening risk of bleeding complications. Study design We reviewed the time in therapeutic range; percentage of international normalization ratios (INRs) in range (%); bleeding events, clotting events; INRs ≥6; INRs ≥5 and Results In 9 patients (5 male), median age 14.4 years (range 7.1-22.8 years), INR testing was prescribed weekly to monthly and was done by home monitor (n = 5) or laboratory (n = 3) or combined (1). Median length of warfarin therapy was 7.2 years (2.3-13.3 years). Goal INR was 2.0-3.0 (n = 6) or 2.5-3.5 (n = 3), based on CAA size and history of CAA thrombosis. All patients were treated with aspirin; 1 was on dual antiplatelet therapy and warfarin. The median time in therapeutic range was 59% (37%-85%), and median percentage of INRs in range was 68% (52%-87%). INR >6 occurred in 3 patients (4 events); INRs ≥5 . The incidence of major bleeding events and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events were each 4.3 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 0.9-12.6). New asymptomatic coronary thrombosis was detected by imaging in 2 patients. Conclusions Bleeding and clotting complications are common in patients with Kawasaki disease on warfarin and aspirin, with INRs in range only two-thirds of the time. Future studies should evaluate the use of direct oral anticoagulants in children as an alternative to warfarin.
Kupalov Conditioning: Molecular Control of Response Sequences

The conditional organization of overt response patterns was examined in Kupalov classical conditioning with mice. In this procedural variant, onset of a 10-sec light paired with food was contingent upon the spatial location of responses relative to the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. The initial response at onset of the conditioned stimulus significantly controlled the elicited pattern of orienting responses to the light and conditioned responses to the food cup. Changeover frequencies to each response component were sequentially conditional upon the immediately preceding response and the manipulated location of responses at stimulus onset. The duration of food cup responses, but not light orienting responses, was also conditional upon the initiating response at stimulus onset. The results suggest a sequential interdependence and molecular control of conditioned responses consistent with the current signaled reinforcement literature.
Pesticides and Parkinson’s disease: A potential hazard in agricultural communities

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Its pathogenesis is related to both genetic and environmental factors. Current evidence suggests that pesticide exposure is one of the risk factors of PD. In this review, we summarize four molecular mechanisms of pesticide-induced PD with supportive evidences from both laboratory and epidemiological studies. Rotenone is the first pesticide reported to be associated with PD by inhibiting complex I of mitochondrial electron transport chain. Paraquat, a commonly-used herbicide in some countries, is an oxidative stressor causing dopaminergic neuronal loss which contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitors cause unwanted proteins (especially alpha-synuclein) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) accumulation leading to dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. In addition, exposure to different pesticides affecting different mechanisms may have synergistic effects in increasing risk of PD. Protective glove use, the amount of fat intake, and neuroprotective agents are reported to have disease modification effects for pesticideassociated PD.
Abstract 1259: Stem cell property-suppressing microRNAs are stimulated and their target proteins inhibited by vitamin D and progesterone in ovarian cancer cells

Vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) and progesterone (P4) have both been shown to reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. Mechanisms involved in their actions are not fully known but each one can enhance the effect of the other. Six microRNAs (miRNAs), associated with suppression of cancer stem cell properties, were investigated first in a screening array and then with a more definitive RT-PCR investigation of the response of these miRNAs to 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 and 100 nM P4. These experiments were conducted in cells that do (OVCAR-3-PGR) and do not (SKOV3) express nuclear progesterone receptors (PGR). Let-7a and Let-7b are known to decrease expression of Ras and c-Myc and reduce stem cell self-renewal. Let-7b expression was increased (p miR-26a and miR-101 are known to downregulate EpCAM and EZH2, leading to decreased invasion and metastasis and to reduced proliferation. miR-101 increased (p miR-200b and miR-200c are known to suppress expression of ZEB1 which in turn decreases Bmi1 and Sox2 to increase E-cadherin (epithelial marker) and decrease vimentin (mesenchymal marker), thus inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Expression of miR-200b was increased (p These results point not only to differences among cancer cell lines but they also emphasize a possible mechanism by which P4 and 1,25(OH)2D3 may work together to prevent the occurrence of ovarian cancer, namely by suppressing stem cell renewal and the formation of neoplastic lesions. The results also reveal that P4 may act via other signaling pathways than its primary nuclear receptors to effect suppression of stem cell properties. Increased expression of cancer stem cell-suppressing miRNAs may be an important mechanism mediating the efficacy of a progestin-based ovarian cancer prevention strategy. Citation Format: Rebecca Rosales, Jane Turbov, Jennifer Yoo, Gustavo C. Rodriguez, Larry G. Thaete. Stem cell property-suppressing microRNAs are stimulated and their target proteins inhibited by vitamin D and progesterone in ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1259
Non-Linear Dynamics of Multibody Systems with Generalized and Non-Generalized Coordinates

For efficient dynamic simulation of mechanical and aerospace systems, the use of different sets of coordinate types may be necessary. The components of multibody systems can be rigid, flexible or very flexible and can be subject to contact forces. Examples of challenging problems encountered when multibody systems are considered are crashworthiness, problems of cables used in rescue operations and heavy load handling, belt drives, leaf spring system design, tire deformations, large deformation of high-speed rotors, stability problems, and contact problems. Most large displacement problems in structural mechanics are being solved using incremental solution procedures. On the other hand, general purpose flexible multibody computer tools and methodologies in existence today are not, in general, capable of systematically and efficiently solving applications that include, in addition to rigid bodies and bodies that undergo small deformations, bodies that experience very large deformations. The objective of this paper is to discuss the development of new computational algorithms, based on non-incremental solution procedures, for the computer simulation of multibody systems with flexible components. These new algorithms that do not require special measures to satisfy the principles of work and energy and lead to optimum sparse matrix structure can be used as the basis for developing a new generation of flexible multibody computer programs. The proposed non-incremental algorithms integrate three different formulations and three different sets of generalized coordinates for modeling rigid bodies, flexible bodies with small deformations, and very flexible bodies that undergo large deformations. The implementation of a general contact model in multibody algorithms is also presented as an example of mechanical systems with non-generalized coordinates. The kinematic equations that describe the contact between two surfaces of two bodies in the multibody system are formulated in terms of the system-generalized coordinates and the non-generalized surface parameters. Each contact surface is defined using two independent parameters that completely determine the tangent and normal vectors at an arbitrary point on the body surface. In the contact model presented in this study, the points of contact are determined on line during the dynamic simulation by solving the non-linear differential and algebraic equations of the constrained multibody system. The augmented form of the equations of motion expressed in terms of the generalized coordinates and non-generalized surface parameters is presented in this paper.
Image restoration with generalized Gaussian mixture model patch priors

Patch priors have became an important component of image restoration. A powerful approach in this category of restoration algorithms is the popular Expected Patch Log-likelihood (EPLL) algorithm. EPLL uses a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) prior learned on clean image patches as a way to regularize degraded patches. In this paper, we show that a generalized Gaussian mixture model (GGMM) captures the underlying distribution of patches better than a GMM. Even though GGMM is a powerful prior to combine with EPLL, the non-Gaussianity of its components presents major challenges to be applied to a computationally intensive process of image restoration. Specifically, each patch has to undergo a patch classification step and a shrinkage step. These two steps can be efficiently solved with a GMM prior but are computationally impractical when using a GGMM prior. In this paper, we provide approximations and computational recipes for fast evaluation of these two steps, so that EPLL can embed a GGMM prior on an image with more than tens of thousands of patches. Our main contribution is to analyze the accuracy of our approximations based on thorough theoretical analysis. Our evaluations indicate that the GGMM prior is consistently a better fit for modeling image patch distribution and performs better on average in image denoising task.
View-invariant object recognition using homography constraints

Change in viewpoint is one of the major factors for variation in object appearance across different images. Thus, view-invariant object recognition is a challenging and important image understanding task. In this paper, we propose a method that can match objects in images taken under different viewpoints. Unlike most methods in the literature, no restriction on camera orientations or internal camera parameters are imposed and no prior knowledge of 3D structure of the object is required. We prove that when two cameras take pictures of the same object from two different viewing angels, the relationship between every quadruple of points reduces to the special case of homography with two equal eigenvalues. Based on this property, we formulate the problem as an error function that indicates how likely two sets of 2D points are projections of the same set of 3D points under two different cameras. Comprehensive set of experiments were conducted to prove the robustness of the method to noise, and evaluate its performance on real-world applications, such as face and object recognition.
Using a Biopsychosocial Model to Understand Long-Term Outcomes in Persons With Burn Injuries.

Abstract Objective To determine the importance of preburn adjustment, injury-related variables, and selection of coping style in various outcome measures using a biopsychosocial model. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Outpatient burn clinics. Participants Burn survivors (N=231) who participated in this study as part of a larger burn model system study of 645 patients with major burn injuries. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey was used to assess preburn adjustment. Other outcome measures entered into the model included the Ways of Coping Checklist Revised, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Davidson Trauma Scale. Results Correlational and mediational analyses revealed that preburn emotional health predicted better adjustment at year 1 and more posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at year 2. Better preburn emotional health was also related to less use of avoidance coping strategies, which was found to be a mediator of the effect of preburn emotional health and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Burn injury characteristics were not significantly associated with psychological adjustment at either year 1 or year 2. Conclusions The results indicate that there is a complex relation between premorbid mental health and the selection of coping strategies that affect long-term adjustment in persons recovering from a burn injury. This relation seems to have greater effect on long-term outcomes than does preburn emotional or physical health alone or the severity of the burn.
Can Repetitive Small Magnitude-Induced Seismic Events Actually Cause Damage?

Geoengineering activities such as reservoir impoundment, mining, wastewater injection, geothermal systems, and CO2 capture have been linked directly to induced seismicity. With the industrial boom in natural shale gas production regions previously aseismic areas have seen an exponential growth in the frequency of small magnitude events, with multiple events observed in close proximity within a 24-hour time period. While the overwhelming majority of induced seismic research has focused on the causality, the potential risk posed to critical federal infrastructure has escaped scrutiny. This proposes the question, “Can repetitive small magnitude-induced seismic events actually cause damage?” A review of the potential risk is presented herein, concluding that a simplistic definitive statement of whether single or multiple small magnitude-induced seismic events do or do not cause damage to critical infrastructure cannot be justified, and warrants additional study. However, recent observations and research suggest the likelihood that these geoengineering-induced events can and do cause detrimental degradation of the subsurface (damaging the overlying structure) is not insignificant.
Supplementary Schools and Their Communities

Chapter 10 is the concluding chapter of the book and reviews the various key points emanating from the evidence presented throughout the book. The chapter will contest simplistic notions of supplementary schools as learning spaces defined by the communities they serve or the subjects they teach, proposing instead that these schools are in fact complex, multipurpose, social enterprises with very deliberate aims and purposes that can be directly linked to acculturation dynamics, including community perceptions of the wider society and the perceived positioning of the community within the host society. Attention will also be drawn to the mediatory position that supplementary schools occupy, between the immigrant community and the wider society, a position that means that they have much to contribute to current and future debates concerning settlement and the negotiation of acculturation processes.
Phenone, Hydroxybenzophenone, and Branched Phenone Estrogen Receptor Binding and Vitellogenin Agonism in Rainbow Trout In Vitro Models

Abstract Introduction: Phenones and hydroxybenzophenones are widely used as ultraviolet radiation filters, and in the manufacturing of insecticides and pharmaceuticals. Understanding the estrogenic...
Teaching the Importance of Community Betterment to Public Managers: Community Development in NASPAA Member Programs

AbstractCommunity development is an important area of public administration, especially at the local government level. However, instruction in community development has received little attention in...
Automatic Target Recognition in Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery Via Joint Transform Correlation

In this chapter, we review the recent trends and advancement on automatic target recognition (ATR) in multispectral and hyperspectral imagery via joint transform correlation. In particular, we discuss the one-dimensional spectral fringe-adjusted joint transform (SFJTC) correlation based technique for detecting very small targets involving only a few pixels in multispectral and hyperspectral imagery (HSI). In this technique, spectral signatures from the unknown HSI are correlated with the reference signature using the SFJTC technique. This technique can detect both single and/or multiple desired targets in constant time while accommodating the in-plane and out-of-plane distortions. Furthermore, a new metric, called the peak-to-clutter mean (PCM), is introduced that provides sharp and high correlation peaks corresponding to targets and makes the proposed technique intensity invariant. This technique is also applied to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients of the multispectral and HSI data in order to improve the detection performance, especially in the presence of noise or spectral variability. Detection results in the form of receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curves (AUROC) are used to show the performance of the proposed algorithms against other algorithms proposed in the literature. Test results using real life hyperspectral image data cubes are presented to verify the effectiveness of these proposed techniques.
Importance of the physical exam and in-office tests in the evaluation of vulvovaginal irritation

Background: Vulvovaginal irritation is a common gynecologic complaint. A number of factors may lead to a trial of therapy without undertaking a physical exam or diagnostic testing. Case Report: A 45 year-old woman presented to our colposcopy clinic for evaluation of an abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test. She reported a one month history of vulvovaginal irritation, for which Premarin vaginal cream had been empirically prescribed. Examination of the external genitalia showed ulcers and erythema of the labia minora. Speculum exam was deferred because of the patient’s discomfort. Wet mount microscopy from a vaginal swab revealed evidence of Trichomonas vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and yeast. A swab of the ulcers was sent for herpes simplex virus (HSV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR); this confirmed HSV-2. Treatment was initiated for each of these conditions, and the patient returned for colposcopy 21 days later. Conclusion: This case illustrates the importance of the physical exam when evaluating a complaint of vulvovaginal irritation. In many cases, the cause(s) of vulvovaginal irritation can be identified based on physical exam findings and in-office testing with wet mount microscopy, vaginal pH, and the amine “whiff” test. In some cases, additional testing may be required to establish or confirm a diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is essential not only to initiate appropriate therapy, but also to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. In some cases, this may decrease the delay in diagnosing vulvar gynecologic malignancies.
Law and Risk: An Introduction

Although lawyers sometimes use terms such as 'risk distribution' and 'assumption of risk,' it is striking that there has been a dearth of scholarship on the relationship between law and risk. This paper seeks to start to address that deficiency and urges scholars to devote more time to this important area. It suggests that risk analysis in the past has been hampered by both confusion over terminology and fundamental misunderstanding of the differences between - and relevance of - subjective and objective risk. It argues that, once these details are properly understood, looking at law from the perspective of the risks involved dovetails with other, more familiar, ideas such as Henry Maine's movement from Status to Contract and John Stuart Mill's 'harm principle'. In this vein, it considers developments of the law within Europe and attempts to relate them to the growth of what has become known as the 'Risk Society'. Focusing particularly on English and German law, it also draws a number of comparisons with the position in the United States. Legal scholars who continue to omit a systematic discussion of risk from their analysis may be overlooking a valuable perspective.
The impact of fixturing error on feature tolerance allocation

Fixtures are used to locate, hold and support workpieces during the operation. An accuracy of the workpiece is decided by a relative location and orientation of the workpiece coordinate system with respect to that of the fixture. The impact of surface variability at contact points on the variability of workpiece location and orientation will be analyzed. Methods of estimating moments will be implemented to evaluate the distribution of the workpiece variability. When surface errors exist and the workpiece is fixtured for machining, inconsistency in feature location and orientation is expected. Hence, in order to derive efficient tolerance allocation for the feature, the fixturing error must be taken into account. A circular tolerance region based on a bivariate normal distribution will be used to obtain tolerance zones of a desired probability of rejection. By establishing tolerance efficiently, we can reduce a number of rejected parts, leading to some reduction in production cost and time.
Trump's Foreign Policy and the New Federalism

A new aggressive and proactive federalism seems to be evolving in the United States. This newer federalism promotes global engagement and observation of international rules. This is remarkably different from the older version that supported states’ rights and segregation and primarily based in the South. Today we see a rapidly evolving anti-Trump resistance in the widespread movement for “sanctuary cities” and the more recent “city-state climate coalitions.” This incipient development on city and state levels results from President Trump’s isolationist retreat from America’s engagement in the global system. We are now encountering unprecedented actions on the sub-national level, among city and state governments as a reaction to failed national governance and as blowback to skewed populism. Whether the Trump administration and its Justice Department will attempt to block these grassroots political actions by resorting to the federal courts is another question. New constitutional law is about to be made as a result of incoherent and isolationist polices of President Trump and reaction to it. Very simply this issue of national subunits engaging the global system and bypassing incompetent national leadership is evolving nationally and globally. In the United States this will undoubtedly lead to very contentious legal and political battles over the new federalism in the courts, Congress, state houses, and city halls.
Optimal Siting of PV on the Distribution System with Smart Inverters

As PV penetration on the distribution system increases, there is growing concern about how much PV each feeder can handle. A total of 14 medium-voltage distributions feeders from two utilities have been analyzed in detail for their individual PV hosting capacity and the locational PV hosting capacity at all the buses on the feeder. This paper discusses methods for analyzing PV interconnections with advanced simulation methods to study feeder and location-specific impacts of PV to determine the locational PV hosting capacity and optimal siting of PV. Investigating the locational PV hosting capacity expands the conventional analytical methods that study only the worst-case PV scenario. Previous methods are also extended to include single-phase PV systems, especially focusing on long single-phase laterals. Finally, the benefits of smart inverters with volt-var is analyzed to demonstrate the improvements in hosting capacity.
Renewable Energy Planning for a Microgrid in a Pacific Northwest City

This paper develops a renewable energy planning scheme for a microgrid in a Pacific Northwest City. An EMTP-like program is used to represent the power system and the control systems of the microgrid. This work is part of a real-world ongoing microgrid research project. The microgrid model includes hydroelectric generators, a photovoltaic system, and variable loads. Two cases examine the microgrid during both seasonal and hourly variation. Generation and load profiles are compared with an ideal storage system profile to characterize the shortage during islanded mode. Simulation results are presented. Suggested solutions and planning considerations are discussed for planning the energy inside the microgrid.
Modeling and Non-Linear Stability Analysis of AC/DC Interconnected Microgrid Using DQ-Transformation Considering Generator Dynamics

This paper develops the first principle model of an integrated AC/DC microgrid utilizing the $dq$ -framework. The developed model is highly nonlinear and captures the dynamic interaction between the AC and DC subsystems of the microgrid. Lyapunov stability is used to evaluate stability of the complete system. Simulation results show that the AC and DC subsystems are tightly dynamically coupled so that any disturbance in one subsystem induces transients in the other. Induced transients due to pulse loads on the AC and DC subsystems clearly show that generator damper winding alone may not be enough to mitigate transients, and that additional control methods must be added to the system to improve overall stability. The proposed method can be extended in modeling islanded or grid-connected microgrid with multiple generators and various types of DC and AC loads.
Data Fusion to Describe and Quantify Search and Rescue Operations in the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is the stage of one of the biggest humanitarian crises to affect Europe. Since 2014, thousands of migrants and refugees have died or gone missing in dangerous attempts to cross into the continent. However, there is relatively little structured information available on how they attempt the crossing. Such information could be used to better target maritime rescue efforts or to anticipate smuggling patterns, which could potentially save lives. In this article, we provide an overview of data sources available for the study of migration in the Central Mediterranean. We describe how these data can be structured, combined, and analyzed to provide quantitative insights on the situation in the region. We define a quantified rescue framework for fusing different data sources around individual rescue operations, and we explore the potential of machine learning to perform automated rescue detection based on vessel trajectory information. We conclude with technical research questions, and potential policy and operational implications related to the use of these data sources.
Membership Organization’s Social Capital and the Impact on Nonprofit Sector Management

Social capital depicts the extent of mutual trust in a jurisdiction. This study examines the impact of organizational social capital (OSC) on nonprofit (NP) density. Prior studies have argued that ...
Updates on Prophylaxis for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Venous Thromboembolism

Purpose To concisely present recommendations and guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment and prevention for common subgroups of surgical patients as a comprehensive reference for clinical surgical practice.Methods Thorough literature review, including the consensus guidelines and recommendations of various professional surgical societies, was evaluated and conglomerated to provide a comprehensive reference for practicing surgeons. Common surgical patient subgroups were investigated for differing recommendations. Recommendations, guidelines, and resources were tabulated into user-friendly formats for easy reference purposes.Results Substantial updates have been made to the recommendations for VTE prevention and treatment. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) have updated their VTE recommendations. The Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma has also released updated recommendations regarding VTE management. The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons has recalled their own specific recommendations for VTE treatment and prophylaxis in support of tenth edition of the ACCP guidelines on the subject.Conclusions VTE affects up to 25% of hospitalized patients, with up to 30% of those experiencing complications. Risk stratification is important in choosing therapy for prevention and management of VTE. Management of VTE depends on precipitating factors and future risk of VTE progression versus bleeding. Low-molecular-weight heparin is the preferred anticoagulant for initial treatment of VTE. The tenth edition of ACCP VTE guidelines provides comprehensive management recommendations.