cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social media mapping innovations for crisis prevention, response, and evaluation

Social media has had a noticeable influence on the practice of crisis communication. Crisis managers are becoming increasingly attracted to social media because of the ability to expand the communication options available to organizations and their publics during a crisis. Previous researchers have identified a variety of benefits and challenges presented by the use of social media for crisis communication. Two new social media mapping applications, SituMap and PhotoSorter, were recently developed to cultivate participation, collaboration, and conversation specifically for crisis communication. The purpose of the present investigation is to explore the features of these applications and discuss the potential benefits of these features for crisis managers in each stage of the crisis lifecycle. We introduce two new social media mapping applications, SituMap and PhotoSorter.These applications were designed specifically to facilitate crisis communication.With multi-user interfaces, large bits of information can be organized quickly.The applications' features may benefit crisis planning, prevention, response, and evaluation efforts.
There's Something Curious About Paternal-Age Effects

Gene mutation rates are higher in males than in females and increase with paternal age. In his Perspective, Crow explains unexpected results from a study of a congenital disease called Apert9s syndrome in which the likelihood of a child developing the disease increases with the age of the father ( Goriely et al .). The results of the new work imply that rather than sperm having a higher mutation rate, the harmful mutation may be positively selected perhaps because it confers some benefit within the cellular environment of the testis.
Sensitivity analysis of frictional contact/ impact response on distributed-memory computers

Abstract Multilevel parallel computational strategies are presented for predicting the frictional contact/impact response and evaluating the sensitivity coefficients of axisymmetric composite structures. Both implicit and explicit temporal integration techniques are considered. For implicit techniques, parallelism is exploited in both the spatial and temporal domains. Spatial parallelism is achieved by using a parallel sparse equation solver based on a nested dissection node-ordering scheme. The explicit techniques exploit parallelism using both an element-based domain decomposition strategy, as well as concurrent evaluation of sensitivity coefficients. Implementations of the strategies on distributed-memory computers are described. The strategies are applied to the problem of an axisymmetric composite spherical cap impacting a rigid surface, and the performance characteristics are assessed on the IBM SP2 and the Cray T3D parallel computer systems.
Changing the conversation about prostate cancer among African Americans: results of formative research.

Objectives. To understand obstacles to and opportunities for improving prostate cancer communication to and within African American communities. Design. Researchers conducted interviews with 19 community leaders and five focus groups with healthy men and survivors. The team also conducted process evaluations of two outreach projects in which survivors spoke to African American men about prostate cancer and screening. Results. Three levels of obstacles to prostate cancer screening and treatment were identified. Individual-level obstacles included limited knowledge about the condition, about prevention and treatment, and fear of cancer. Socio-cultural barriers included distrust of the medical system, lack of a provider for routine and preventive care, reluctance to talk about cancer, and aversion to aspects of screening. Institutional deficits included the scarcity of educational efforts targeting prostate cancer. Outreach project evaluations suggested that survivors can be effective in building prostate ca...
Measurement of naloxone in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A new sample preparation technique, solid-phase extraction employing the ion-pair reagent octyl sodium sulfate (OSS), was developed for the selective isolation of nanogram quantities of naloxone from human plasma. Plasma samples containing naloxone, OSS, buffer, and naltrexone (internal standard) were applied to octyldecylsilane (C18) cartridges, and the opiates were eluted with 100% methanol. An extraction efficiency of 90% was achieved. Extracts were then examined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, with mobile phase composition adjusted to optimize separation and quantitation. An oxidizing potential of +0.93 V resulted in an assay sensitivity of 1.0 ng. Thus, plasma naloxone levels of ca. 20 ng/ml could be readily detected and quantified. The intra-assay coefficient of variation at plasma levels of 80 ng/ml was 7.2%. Plasma naloxone values obtained during a 5-h infusion of the drug (0.24 mg/min) in two normal human subjects were stable and reproducible. Thus, the method herein described is applicable to human studies employing naloxone infusion.
Report on An Ethnological Reconnaissance of Spain1

AMERIUAN ANTHROPOLOGIST VOL. JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1951 No.3 REPORT ON AN ETHNOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF SPAIN l By GEORGE M. FaSTEn. I EGINNING about the year 1500, and for a period of over three centuries, Spanish culture was forcibly exported and brought into contact, in a planned and guided manner, with a variety of very different cultures, particu­ larly American Indian and Philippine. The complete, thorough, and internally consistent philosophy of Spanish conquest and rule marks it off as quite a different thing from colonizing activities of other European countries of the same period. This philosophy was instrumental in producing a carefully con­ ceived and meticulously planned colonial policy which had as its goal the extension of Spanish culture and culture values to all parts of the world where it was physically possible. One result of the Spanish venture has been a fortuitous combination of circumstances which offers unequalled opportunities for the student of culture processes. In a sense, Spain and the areas she dominated, in their historical, geographical, and cultural aspects, afford a near-laboratory setup for certain types of social science research. To a degree rarely characteristic of the raw materials of the social sciences, significant factors are relatively constant. The effect of these constant factors can be observed over a long period of time under varied cultural and geographical conditions, and the end results ana­ lyzed. The constant factors are, of course, the component parts of Spanish culture. The aspects of Spanish culture that were to be exported, how, and to what end, were carefully outlined and described by crown officials, and the working plan was modified from time to time in the light of changing condi­ B 1 The field work which serves as background for this discussion was carried out during the periods March-April, 1949, and September 1949-September 1950. This work was in large measure made possible by generous grants from the Viking Fund, Inc., and the John Simon Gug­ genheim Memorial Foundation. I am also indebted to the Smithsonian Institution for permission to absent myself for so long from my regular work. It is a pleasant duty to acknowledge the high degree of aid and co-operation received from official Spanish circles. Particularly to be mentioned are Dr. Pablo Merry del Val, Cultural Rela­ tions Consul of the Spanish Embassy in Washington, who introduced me to individuals and institutions in Spain with corollary interests, and Dr. Jo~ Marfa Albareda, Secretary of the Con­ sejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas in Madrid.
TROPHIC STATE EVALUATION FOR SELECTED LAKES IN GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK1

ABSTRACT: Increased visitation at Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) has raised concerns about impacts on surface water in the park. The purposes of this study are to perform a benchmark trophic state survey for comparison to future evaluations and to identify possible areas of concern. Four watershed regions based on geographic and geologic features were delineated for study. Six Alpine lakes, six Moraine lakes, three Valley lakes, and two Colter Bay lakes are evaluated. Lakes were sampled for total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a, and transparency. The water quality, as defined by trophic state, in the park is generally good. Oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions were found in the Alpine and Moraine lakes and mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions were found in the Colter Bay and Valley lakes. High inflow TP concentrations in the park's northeast side may be due to the presence of natural geologic phosphate from the Phosphoria Formation.
Intrafamily Communication and Consensus

Much of the research on communication within the family unit has focused on the end results of the communication process. The reason for this seems to lie in the lack of an acceptable model for analysis and interpretation of the process and dynamics of intrafamily dialogue. The model presented in this article attempts to provide a perspective through which one might view the interactions that lead to decisions by the family unit. Although the examples provided in the text are based upon product selection decisions requiring allocation of the families' marketing expenditures, the model provides a mechanism for analyzing the interactions of family members in a wide variety of decision making situations. Looking primarily at the interaction between the husband-wife dyad, the model employs three major concepts: (1) a distribution of utilities to various members of the family unit, (2) a distribution of priorities these family members hold, and (3) the matching of these two distributions to satisfy the criterion of distributive justice. To this was added the concept of utility debt formation following decisions which do not exactly meet the distributive justice criterion.
Mechanism of Binding of NO to Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase: Implication for the Second NO Binding to the Heme Proximal Site

Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the key enzyme for the formation of second messenger cyclic GMP, is an authentic sensor for nitric oxide (NO). Binding of NO to sGC leads to strong activation of the enzyme activity. Multiple molecules and steps of binding of NO to sGC have been implicated, but the target of the second NO and the detailed binding mechanism remain controversial. In this study, we used 15NO and 14NO and anaerobic sequential mixing–freeze-quench electron paramagnetic resonance to unambiguously confirm that the heme Fe is the target of the second NO. The linear dependence on NO concentration up to 600 s–1 for the observed rate of the second step of NO binding not only indicates that the binding site of the second NO is different from that in the first step, i.e., the proximal site of the heme, but also supports a concerted mechanism in which the dissociation of the His105 proximal ligand occurs simultaneously with the binding of the second NO molecule. Computer modeling successfully predicts th...
Bonding of Multiple Noble-Gas Atoms to CUO in Solid Neon: CUO(Ng)n (Ng=Ar, Kr, Xe; n=1, 2, 3, 4) Complexes and the Singlet–Triplet Crossover Point

Laser-ablated U atoms co-deposited with CO in excess neon produce the novel CUO molecule, which forms distinct Ng complexes (Ng=Ar, Kr, Xe) with the heavier noble gases. The CUO(Ng) complexes are identified through CO isotopic and Ng reagent substitution and comparison to results of DFT frequency calculations. The U[bond]C and U[bond]O stretching frequencies of CUO(Ng) complexes are slightly red-shifted from neon matrix (1)Sigma(+) CUO values, which indicates a (1)A' ground state for the CUO(Ng) complexes. The CUO(Ng)(2) complexes in excess neon are likewise singlet molecules. However, the CUO(Ng)(3) and CUO(Ng)(4) complexes exhibit very different stretching frequencies and isotopic behaviors that are similar to those of CUO(Ar)(n) in a pure argon matrix, which has a (3)A" ground state based on DFT vibrational frequency calculations. This work suggests a coordination sphere model in which CUO in solid neon is initially solvated by four or more Ne atoms. Up to four heavier Ng atoms successively displace the Ne atoms leading ultimately to CUO(Ng)(4) complexes. The major changes in the CUO stretching frequencies from CUO(Ng)(2) to CUO(Ng)(3) provides evidence for the crossover from a singlet ground state to a triplet ground state.
Sound waves in a rotating solid

Abstract The Coriolis force in rotating solids changes the sound wave dispersion. The equations for the propagation of sound are solved for a rotating isotropic elastic medium and the effects of rotation on the wave dispersion are analyzed.
TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR OF EASTERN CHIPMUNKS (TAMIAS STRIATUS): ENCOUNTER AVOIDANCE AND SPATIAL TIME-SHARING'

The structure and dynamics of chipmunk home ranges were characterized by focal- animal observation. Neighboring animals were territorial, but their home ranges overlapped exten- sively and did not have exclusive core areas. Established neighbors avoided encountering each other. Their pattern of encounter avoidance with extensive spatial overlap resulted in spatial time-sharing. Territorial interference with the timing of space-use did not affect the total utilization of shared areas within a resident's home range. Distance and patch structure were important proximate determinants of space-use intensity. The results suggest that territorial interference is more important as a mech- anism for deterring the immigration of nonneighbors than as a continuously operative competitive mechanism between established neighbors. The concept that the proximate object of interference competition is access to space is questioned.
Assessment of the quality of postherpetic neuralgia treatment information on the Internet.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the quality of websites presenting treatment information for postherpetic neuralgia. The term “postherpetic neuralgia treatment” was searched using the Google and Yahoo search engines. Fifty websites from each were evaluated using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, the Health on the Net (HON) seal, and the DISCERN instrument. The treatments suggested on each website were compared with 3 recognized first-line treatment options (antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and topical lidocaine). Less than half of the included websites fulfilled all JAMA benchmark requirements. Less than one-third of the websites displayed the HON seal. The DISCERN instrument evaluation revealed that most websites were of moderate quality. Commercial websites tended to be inferior in comparison to noncommercial websites. Most websites recommended at least 2 of the 3 recommended treatments as well as several second- and third-line treatments. One-third to one-half of websites recommended a nonbeneficial treatment. In conclusion, many different postherpetic neuralgia treatments are found on the Internet and patients may be left separating recommended treatments from nonrecommended treatments without help from their healthcare providers. Perspective This study examined the quality of websites related to postherpetic neuralgia treatment. The results demonstrated that most websites offering advice on postherpetic neuralgia treatment are of only moderate quality and often offer treatment suggestions that are nonbeneficial. Patients and providers must use caution when taking advice from these sites.
Plant chemical defense allocation constrains evolution of tolerance to community change across a range boundary

Because transplant experiments show that performance usually decreases across species range boundaries, some range limits might develop from factors and processes that prevent adaptation to stressful environments. Here, we determined whether an ecological cost of plant defense involving stress associated with changes in the local plant community may contribute to range limit development in the upland mustard species Boechera stricta. In a common garden experiment of 499 B. stricta plants, performance decreased and a multivariate axis of community structure increased across the boundary, indicating increased stress associated with the community change. There was also significant genetic variation (evolutionary potential) among marker-inferred inbred lines of B. stricta for tolerance to the stress; however, lines with high basal levels of glucosinolate toxins had lower tolerance to the change in community structure. We suggest that defense allocation, which is also needed across the range, may impede adaptation to the stress associated with the community change and thus contribute to range limit development.
Segmentation by texture using a co-occurrence matrix and a split-and-merge algorithm

Abstract The co-occurrence matrix is used for segmentation according to texture. It is first evaluated on a set of regions forming two levels of the quadratic picture tree (or pyramid). If the matrices of a region and its four children in the tree are similar then that region is considered to be of uniform texture. If not it is replaced by its children. In this way the split-and-merge algorithm is used to achieve a preliminary segmentation. It is followed by a grouping algorithm using the co-occurrence matrix and the region adjacency graph, plus a small region elimination step in which regions are grouped according to their gray level because texture cannot be defined reliably on very small regions. Examples of implementation on two 256 × 256 pictures are included.
Probing a putative dantrolene-binding site on the cardiac ryanodine receptor

Dantrolene is an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release from skeletal muscle SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum). Direct photoaffinity labelling experiments using [3H]azidodantrolene and synthetic domain peptides have demonstrated that this drug targets amino acids 590-609 [termed DP1 (domain peptide 1)] of RyR1 (ryanodine receptor 1), the skeletal muscle RyR isoform. Although the identical sequence exists in the cardiac isoform, RyR2 (residues 601-620), specific labelling of RyR2 by dantrolene has not been demonstrated, even though some functional studies show protective effects of dantrolene on heart function. Here we test whether dantrolene-active domains exist within RyR2 and if so, whether this domain can be modulated. We show that elongated DP1 sequences from RyR1 (DP1-2s; residues 590-628) and RyR2 (DP1-2c; residues 601-639) can be specifically photolabelled by [3H]azidodantrolene. Monoclonal anti-RyR1 antibody, whose epitope is the DP1 region, can recognize RyR1 but not RyR2 in Western blot and immunoprecipitation assays, yet it recognizes both DP1-2c and DP1-2s. This suggests that although the RyR2 sequence has an intrinsic capacity to bind dantrolene in vitro, this site may be poorly accessible in the native channel protein. To examine whether it is possible to modulate this site, we measured binding of [3H]dantrolene to cardiac SR as a function of free Ca2+. We found that > or =10 mM EGTA increased [3H]dantrolene binding to RyR2 by approximately 2-fold. The data suggest that the dantrolene-binding site on RyR2 is conformationally sensitive. This site may be a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases sensitive to dysfunctional intracellular Ca2+ release.
39 Different Risk of Adverse Neonatal Outcome: Comparison Between Preterm Infants Appropriate for Gestational Age and Small for Gestational Age

BACKGROUND: SGA (birth weight-BW- <10 p for gestational age-GA) is frequently associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery and adverse outcome. Data regarding the association of SGA with different outcome variables are not always univocal and sometimes contrasting.
Bias and temperature dependence of tunneling phenomena in GaAs Schottky-barrier junctions

The bias and temperature dependence of tunneling structure was studied in Zn-doped $p$-type GaAs Schottky-barrier junctions over a doping range of 5.4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$-1.4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{19}$ Zn/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. An increase in conductance with increasing temperature at the bias polarity for electron injection into the semiconductor is considered to be a consequence of impurity-assisted (two-step) tunneling via acceptor impurities. The reduction in the lifetime of electrons localized on acceptor sites by stimulated emission in a thermally populated phonon field is responsible for the temperature dependence. An enhancement of phonon-induced structure in the tunneling characteristics by Ar-ion bombardment of the semiconductor surface is observed. The magnitude of the zero-bias conductance minimum is found to vary as the logarithm of both bias voltage and temperature of higher biases and temperature, but to saturate at low values of these parameters. The magnitude of the conductance minimum depends strongly upon doping, but its functional dependence upon bias and temperature varies only slightly over the doping range investigated. These results and the observations of others are the basis for objections to the major models dealing with the conductance minimum. The strong correlation between the magnitude of the conductance minimum and impurity-band localization observed by others and the similarity of the bias and temperature dependence of the conductance minimum to that of the Appelbaum conductance maximum suggest the possibility of some form of exchange interaction as the cause of the conductance minimum.
Healing psychiatry: a pragmatic approach to bridging the science/humanism divide

Competing urges to think of human mental suffering as comprehensible and susceptible to scientific formulation, or as deeply complex and beyond the reach of scientific analysis, have torn at the fabric of psychiatry for many years and have left the field conceptually divided between science and humanism. Conceptual reparation of psychiatry is now a core mission of a field that is trying to heal itself so that it is equipped to heal the patients it serves. To formulate their cases comprehensively and provide patients with cutting-edge care, psychiatrists must heal the conceptual wounds that have resulted from dividing the human individual into an object of scientific scrutiny and a subject of personal experience. They must synthesize science and humanism in order to generate new understanding of mental disorders and to train future clinicians and researchers. Principles of classical American pragmatism, I argue in this article, can help to transcend the science/humanism divide in psychiatry. Clinical pragmatism focuses on favorable treatment outcomes by respecting the practical, pluralistic, participatory, and provisional aspects of psychiatric care. It demands that psychiatrists have the skill and flexibility to use multiple explanatory concepts in a collaborative, open-ended process with their patients. These themes are explored from the perspectives of contemporary psychiatric treatment, training, and research.
A review of the literature on elderly migration in the Federal Republic of Germany.

This paper is concerned with the migration of the elderly in the Federal Republic of Germany. "It has a threefold purpose: to review the literature concerning elderly migration; to discuss the present status of this research; and to discuss why research on the topic has lagged behind that in other countries." (EXCERPT)
A fine-structure study of the human epidermal melanosome complex and its acid phosphatase activity.

Observations by electron microscopy have revealed that phagocytosing melanophages aggregate melanosomes in special membrane-delimited organelles containing acid-phosphatase activity; their ultrastructure resembles that of lysosomes. Here we report: (a) the presence of a “melanosome complex” associated with acid-phosphatase activity in epidermal keratinocytes; (b) that UV radiation induces larger complexes with more melanosomes. A “melanosome complex”, each an aggregation of one or more melanosomes, surrounded by a membrane and occurring in the keratinocytes, was studied by electron microscopy in biopsies of Caucasians, an Oriental, and a Negro. Modified Gomori's technique was used for the demonstration of acid phosphatase activity. Melanosome complexes in Caucasian and Oriental keratinocytes from unexposed sites usually contain 1–3 melanosomes and some small, about 100-A diameter, less electron dense, particles. In Negro keratinocytes, however, melanosomes usually are singly dispersed. Caucasian subjects biopsied 24 hours after 60-min exposure to sun showed an increase in the size and the quantity of the melanosome complexes. Both in the irradiated and unirradiated biopsies, there are more melanosome complexes in the basal and suprabasal cells than in the upper cells. Electron microscopic study of the biopsies in conjunction with histochemical technique has shown that melanosome complexes exhibit a positive acid phosphatase reaction. Since the melanosome is an entity extrinsic to the keratinocyte, the presence of acid phosphatase activity in melanosome complexes and other observations described in this report appear to have significance in regard to the fate of melanosomes after their discharge from the melanocytes.
Granulomatous prostatitis linked to hla-drb1*1501

Methods: This is a single-institution, retrospective study from the historic records of 12 eligible patients, eight of whom agreed to participate. Genomic DNA was extracted from anticoagulated blood. Intermediate-resolution genotyping for HLA-A, B, and DRB alleles and high-resolution genotyping for select HLA DRB1 and DRB 3/4/5 alleles were performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification using group-specific probes and subsequent hybridizations of the amplicons with sequence specific oligonucleotide probe. High-resolution, allele-specific identification of HLA DR 15 was performed if patients were DR 15-positive by intermediate-resolution typing. Results: Seventy-five percent of white patients were HLA-DR 15-positive by intermediate-resolution typing versus 28.2% in the control group of 451 patients. Thirtythree percent of black patients were HLA-DR 15-positive compared with 25.8% of 89 black patients who served as the control group. The data suggest an association between HLA-DRB1*1501 in white men and granulomatous prostatitis. The data were consistent with a possible autoimmune etiology for nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis.
Abstract A19: Lung cancers taken from autopsies express more tumor antigens than those taken from surgical resections: Implications for immunoprevention

Lung cancers are fatal cancers, even if caught early, since some cancer cells have spread by the time they are detected. Some lung cancer patients treated by immunotherapy have improved their survival. A limited number of tumor-associated antigens (TA), both humoral-based and cell-mediated antigens, are known for lung cancers. The identification of more relevant antigens will allow better immunotherapies to be developed. We analyzed adenocarcinomas and small cell lung cancers taken from surgical resections or from autopsies to determine the prevalent antigens by using quantitative real time PCR techniques for 43 putative tumor antigens. We compared these tumor-derived profiles with normal lung cell expression. The data fell into 3 profiles where: 1) both tumors were positive for 18 TA; 2) only SCLC expressed 14 TA; 3) a group of 10 TA that had no differences. The lung tumor samples taken at autopsy, expressed a higher number of TA and expressed more mRNA TA than those taken from surgical resections. Blotting techniques using the specimens from the lung cancer autopsies confirmed increased expression of the tumor antigen precursor proteins when compared to the normal lung. Use of two lung cancer cell lines also independently confirmed the presence of these proteins. These data suggest that human lung cancers at the time of death are more antigenic than those taken at an earlier stage. This type of tumor taken at autopsy might provide more targets for vaccine generation and allow the concept of immunoprevention to be used in lung cancer patients.
The American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Foundation Scholars Program: additional data on research-related outcomes.

Objective The purpose of this study was to ascertain the progress of recipients of research training in obstetrics and gynecology in establishing an active research career in academic medicine. Study design Existing data were used to examine the extent to which 41 individuals who had received American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Foundation (AAOGF) fellowships had achieved outcomes indicative of a career in academic medicine. Outcomes included employment as a full-time faculty member, receipt of NIH research funding, number of publications, the types of journals in which these articles had appeared, and the type of research (eg, basic vs patient-oriented). Results Among individuals who were awarded their fellowship between 1984 and 1997, 88% held faculty appointments, and 40% of these positions were in institutions that were more research-intensive that the medical degree–granting institutions of fellows. Slightly more than half of former fellows had successfully competed for NIH research funding, with 22% being awarded at least one R01 grant. Overall, fellows produced a total of 878 articles, one third of which appeared in clinical journals, 18% were in basic biomedical research journals, and 48% were in journals that published both types of research. Conclusion Previous AAOGF scholars have actively pursued research careers in academic obstetrics and gynecology. Their performance compares favorably with those of individuals receiving research training in other clinical specialties. A more complete understanding of their performance and the value added by the program would be possible if a core set of data on outcomes were available from other types of training efforts in both obstetrics and gynecology and other relevant disciplines.
Minor salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma of the palate.

Minor salivary gland tumors are found most commonly in the palate.':" Of the palatal tumors, more than 50% are malignant, with the most common being adenoid cystic or mucoepidermoid carcinorna.!" Adenocarcinoma comprises from 4.6% to 26%1.2 of malignant minor salivary gland tumors. Basal cell adenocarcinoma is a rare type found most often in the parotid or in the submandibular gland; there has been no previous report of this tumor in the oral cavity. The distinction between basal cell adenocarcinoma and other salivary gland tumors is important from a prognostic point of view, as basal cell adenocarcinoma has a more favorable outcome. This low-grade malignant neoplasm is often confused with the more ominous adenoid cystic carcinoma. A case of a minor salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma arising in the palate is described. This is the youngest patient with a basal cell adenocarcinoma regardless of site reported to date.
Thermal Performance Improvement of Window Drape Configurations

Heat transfer through draped windows was studied to identify and test the insulative potential of drapery materials and configurations on a window in a test wall apparatus. Free flow of room air through the window-drape cavity was found to produce dramatic losses in the insulating properties of drapes. Variations of open-bag and wind-screen draping configurations made of conventional drape materials reduced window thermal transmittance values by 50%, a reduction equal to that expected from converting heat transfer from a free convective mode to a conductive mode at the window glass/room air interface. Materials with ideal properties for control of radiative and conductive heat flow were also used as draping elements to quantify the performance levels of the drapes configured to impede natural convection. Simulated drapery materials having radiation barriers configured to minimize air flow were as effective as double pane windows.
Partition functions and Fermi-Bose equivalence for simply-laced groups on compact riemann surfaces

Abstract We compute the closed string partition function for simply-laced groups over arbitrary world sheet topologies and prove its invariance under the mapping class group. A Fermi-Bose equivalence is established for each conjugacy class of every simply-laced group.
Implementation and Evaluation of the Water Budget

Abstract The Northwest Power Act established the Northwest Power Planning Council to coordinate hydrosystem operations by developing a program “to protect, mitigate, and enhance” the Columbia River basin's anadromous salmonid resources. The language and legislative history of the act demonstrate the intent of Congress that the basin's power planners consider anadromous fish “co-equal partners” with hydrosystem operations and planning. An important and controversial element of the council's Fish and Wildlife Program is the water budget, a program that allows fish and wildlife agencies to help determine flow levels in the basin during the peak of juvenile downstream migration. Execution of the water budget has been difficult due to its lack of an authoritative management strategy, limited scope, and the absence of firm implementation guidelines. Implementation problems that have plagued the water budget since its inception make judging the efficacy of the program difficult. Evaluation of the water budget co...
Rate of I-Cl exchange for Ag/AgCl electrodes in solutions containing both I− and Cl−

Abstract The rate of I-Cl exchange in the Ag/AgCl electrode exposed to solutions containing both I − and Cl − was determined. The rate is directly proportional to (I − ), but independent of (Cl − ). The rate is continuous during the latent period of transformation, and abruptly diminishes when t = Λ, the time at which the electrode is functionally transformed. The AgCl film is virtually entirely depleted at this point. It is concluded that the I-Cl exchange rate is limited by mass transfer, and it is numerically equal to the I − flux J . Thus, the scalar time integral of J from t = 0 → Λ is equal to the initial electrode AgCl content.
Timing of gene expression responses to environmental changes.

Cells respond to environmental perturbations with changes in their gene expression that are coordinated in magnitude and time. Timing information about individual genes, rather than clusters, provides a refined way to view and analyze responses, but it is hard to estimate accurately. To analyze response timing of individual genes, we developed a parametric model that captures the typical temporal responses: an abrupt early response followed by a second transition to a steady state. This impulse model explicitly represents natural temporal properties such as the onset and the offset time, and can be estimated robustly, as demonstrated by its superior ability to impute missing values in gene expression data. Using response time of individual genes, we identify relations between gene function and their response timing, showing, for example, how cytosolic ribosomal genes are only repressed after the mitochondrial ribosome is activated. We further demonstrate a strong relation between the binding affinity of a...
The high-temperature acoustic Grüneisen parameter in the earth's interior☆

Abstract The value of the acoustic Gruneisen parameter, γ a , in the earth's interior has been computed using data from recent models obtained by inversion of normal data. In this paper we emphasize the data from the PEM model of the earth because there has been sufficient smoothing of the seismic data so that the derivatives d ln ν s /d ϱ and d ln ν p /d ϱ can be well defined at all depths. The results for the lower mantle show that γ a decreases exponentially from 1.3 to 1.0, and there are several consistent cross-checks of the limiting values. We find γ a is about 1.5 for the inner core and outer core. These results confirm, in broad outline, the results of others who computed γ for the core by entirely different methods. They also confirm a higher value of γ in the inner core. The value of γ a in the lower mantle follows a ρ −1.35 law, which is reminiscent of the expirical law γρ = constant, commonly used in shock-wave analyses.
Propylene Oxidation on Copper Oxide Surfaces: Electronic and Geometric Contributions to Reactivity and Selectivity

Cu2O is an efficient catalyst in the partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein, while propylene oxidation on CuO leads to complete combustion. The interaction of propylene at elevated temperature (>300 K) and elevated pressure (5 Torr) with cuprous and cupric oxide has been investigated with core level XPS, resonant photoemission, and temperature-programmed desorption. Reduction of the copper oxide surfaces was examined as a function of temperature and revealed that cupric oxide has a greater reactivity toward propylene oxidation than cuprous oxide (Ea = 5.9 versus 11.5 kcal/mol for cuprous oxide (24.7 and 48.1 kJ/mol)). This variable temperature oxidation of propylene was also monitored via core level and resonant photoemission and was found to occur by a similar mechanism on both surfaces. Reaction at lower temperature produces a surface intermediate which exhibits carbon 1s XPS peaks at 284.0 and 285.5 eV binding energy in a 2:1 intensity ratio. This is consistent with an allyl alkoxide surface specie...
Pindar's Tenth Olympian and Athlete-Trainer Pederasty

The comparison of the adolescent boxer Hagesidamus and his trainer Ilas to Patroclus and Achilles in Pindar's Olympian 10.16-21 and the subsequent comparison of Hagesidamus to Ganymede in Olympian 10.99-105 suggest that the relationship was in some sense pederastic, particularly in the wake of Aeschylus' treatment of Achilles and Patroclus in these terms in Myrmidons. This possibility motivates a broader examination of the evidence for such relationships in fifth-century Greece. There is no doubt that the palaestra was a central locus for the formation of pederastic liaisons and that athletic nudity was integral to the esthetic construction of adolescent beauty. There is also no doubt that the trainer's position afforded him regular intimacy and close physical contact with boys; several Hellenistic texts take for granted the erotic opportunities connected with the position. The Solonian law presuming to protect pupils from such relationships, attested in Aeschines, was probably a late fifth-century development in reaction to their common occurrence in earlier generations. Evidence also exists for lovers acting as financial backers to boy athletes or as informal trainers. Some of the most intriguing evidence for the conflation of the trainer's and lover's roles can be found in red-figure vase painting of the late sixth and fifth centuries.
Selective Effects of the Endogenous Cannabinoid Arachidonylethanolamide (Anandamide) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Recent biochemical data suggest that arachidonylethanolamide (AEA; anandamide) may be an endogenous ligand for brain cannabinoid receptors. The functional neuronal consequences of AEA binding to cannabinoid receptors are only poorly understood. Using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as an indirect marker of neuronal activity, acute AEA administration dose-dependently depressed rCBF in unanesthetized rats. Although 3.0 mg/kg was ineffective in altering rCBF, 10 mg/kg led to a decrease in rCBF in seven brain areas including the amygdala, cingulate, frontal, prepyriform, sensorimotor, and claustrocortex. An additional 16 areas responded in a similar manner to AEA, but only after 30 mg/kg, including the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, the rostral core portion of the nucleus accumbens, and rostral caudate nucleus. Most of these rCBF effects dissipated between 15 and 20 min after drug administration, with only 4 regions, the basomedial and lateral amygdala, CA3 hippocampus and claustrocortex still depressed 60 min after an acute drug injection. No significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or blood gases were seen at the time of rCBF measurement, suggesting that the observed drug effects were neuronally mediated. Taken together with existing behavioral data, these data support the hypothesis that an endogenous cannabinoid neural system exists in mammalian brain and may help to explain the unique behavioral profile seen after cannabinoid administration.
Geochemical mapping of New Mexico, USA, using stream sediment data

The spatial analysis of geochemical data has several environmental and geological applications. The present study investigated the regional distribution of Al, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sc, Th, Ti, U, V, and Zn elements in stream sediment samples from New Mexico State. These elements were studied in order to integrate them with geological and environmental characteristics of the area. Data are used from 27,798 samples that were originally collected during the national uranium resource evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance (HSSR) program in the 1970s. The original data are available as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-492. The study used a variety of data processing and filtering techniques that included univariate, bivariate, factor analyses and spatial analyses to transform the data into a useable format. Principal component analysis and GIS techniques are applied to classify the elements and to identify geochemical signatures, either natural or anthropogenic. The study found that the distribution of the investigated elements is mainly controlled by the bed rock chemistry. For example, along the Rio Grande rift and Jemez lineament a strong association between Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sc, Ti, V and Zn was observed and indicates that elements distribution in the area controlled by the mafic factor. The rare earth elements (REE) factor which is consists of Ce, La and U, also has strong, localized, clusters in the felsic centers in New Mexico.
Outline of Details for Microbiological Assays of Antibiotics: Second Revision

Pertinent data are presented for the performance of 83 different microbiological assays for antibiotics. These include the official methods for all antibiotics approved for human use in the United States plus methods for 10 other antibiotics. For analysts already familiar with basic procedures, these data will serve as a ready guide for the performance of assays.
Contribution of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) to mechanical hypersensitivity after surgical incision in rats.

Background—Neural-glial signaling in the spinal cord may underlie pain and sensitization after peripheral injury. Here we test the role of a glial activator, the chemokine CCL2 on mechanical hypersensitivity following plantar incision in a rat model of postoperative pain. Methods—Twenty four hours after hindpaw incision rats were intrathecally administered an antiCCL2 neutralizing antibody (3 μg and 10 μg) or control IgG (10 μg). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed acutely and for several days following administration of anti-CCL2 antibody using von Frey filaments. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on spinal cord sections to examine the effects of treatment on measures of microglial activation including levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. Results—Neutralization of spinal CCL2 acutely reversed mechanical hypersensitivity within 30 minutes in a dose dependent manner. A single administration also produced a sustained decrease in mechanical hypersensitivity 48 and 72 hours following incision. Anti-CCL2 antibody reduced microglial activation as measured by the levels of IBA1 immunoreactivity and the number of microglia containing phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase 48 hours following incision but not within 30 minutes of administration. Conclusions—These results provide evidence that CCL2 contributes to the maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity following plantar incision and establishes a role for neural glial signaling in postoperative pain. The long term effects of anti-CCL2 treatment correlate with reduced microglial activation. Spinal blockade of CCL2 may serve as a useful therapy for the treatment of certain aspects of postoperative pain.
Symmetry-breaking patterns in (2+1)-dimensional gauge theories.

The possible patterns into which global flavor symmetry and parity conservation can break in three-dimensional Abelian gauge theories are derived. It is found that the two symmetries are incompatible: If one does not break, the other breaks maximally. For an odd number of flavors, in particular, parity conservation is always broken. A simple derivation of the quantum numbers of the vacuum in such theories, is also presented.
China, the Interdependent Giant, and the Global Economic Crisis

The global economic crisis revealed China to be an interdependent giant, one whose ‘rise’ was undeniable but also one whose deepening participation in transnational production sharing and network trade made it highly susceptible to an external shock. China weathered the storm relatively well – avoiding a recession, in particular – not because it had ‘decoupled’ from the G7 economies but because its stimulus measures were unusually swift and powerful. One cost, however, has been a worsening domestic imbalance between investment and consumption that carries a heightened risk of asset price inflation, non-performing loans and destabilising levels of local government debt. Meanwhile, China’s ties to the world economy have not fundamentally changed since the crisis began. Despite stirring leader rhetoric and summit declarations, the BRICS have made only modest progress in meeting their goals. East Asia, North America and Europe remain China’s principal trade partners, and cross-border production chains connect...
Acute porphyrias: differential diagnosis and family studies.

Abstract 1. 1. Studies on the differential diagnosis of the acute porphyrias are presented. 2. 2. Five families carrying Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) are summarized. 3. 3. Early detection of asymptomatic carriers of AIP has been achieved with the uroporphyrinogen-I-synthase (URO-S) assay. 4. 4. A family with Variegate Porphyria (VP) is presented. 5. 5. A family with Coproporphyria (CP) is described. 6. 6. In the two tatter families, asymptomatic carriers have been detected by analysis of fecal porphyrins.
Increased cellular cholesterol upregulates high density lipoprotein binding to rat luteal cells.

Rat luteal cells preferentially utilize cholesterol derived from high density lipoproteins (HDL) as a substrate for steroid hormone synthesis. The uptake of cholesterol from HDL by these cells is in contrast to nonsteroidogenic cells, which export cholesterol to HDL. A previous study demonstrated that HDL binding to luteal cell membranes was increased in conjunction with in vivo cholesterol depletion or cholesterol loading of the ovary induced by pharmacological agents. These results suggest a biphasic regulation of the HDL receptor in luteinized rat ovaries. In the present studies, the in vitro regulation of HDL binding in rat luteal cells by increased intracellular cholesterol was examined. Cultured luteal cells were incubated with increasing doses of low density lipoproteins (LDL) for 2 days after which the cellular sterol content and the effects on progesterone production and HDL binding were measured. As expected, the LDL treatment increased total cellular sterol content in a dose-dependent manner, r...
Using squeak for teaching user interface software

Squeak is a new programming language that is particularly appropriate for learning computer science. It offers an excellent infrastructure for interesting projects (e.g., multimedia, Web browsing and serving), and all source code is included (and written in Squeak) from the virtual machine, windowing, on up. Squeak is being used in a course on Objects and Design (focusing on the development of user interfaces), both to enhance the infrastructure for a course on, and to change how user interfaces are taught. Rather than teach a toolkit, the focus is now on teaching students how to build toolkits. This paper presents a pilot study suggesting benefits of our new approach.