cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Ventilation Mode and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Mechanics, Gas Exchange and the Epithelium in Mice with Acute Lung Injury

The accepted protocol to ventilate patients with acute lung injury is to use low tidal volume (VT) in combination with recruitment maneuvers or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, an important aspect of mechanical ventilation has not been considered: the combined effects of PEEP and ventilation modes on the integrity of the epithelium. Additionally, it is implicitly assumed that the best PEEP-VT combination also protects the epithelium. We aimed to investigate the effects of ventilation mode and PEEP on respiratory mechanics, peak airway pressures and gas exchange as well as on lung surfactant and epithelial cell integrity in mice with acute lung injury. HCl-injured mice were ventilated at PEEPs of 3 and 6 cmH2O with conventional ventilation (CV), CV with intermittent large breaths (CVLB) to promote recruitment, and a new mode, variable ventilation, optimized for mice (VVN). Mechanics and gas exchange were measured during ventilation and surfactant protein (SP)-B, proSP-B and E-cadherin levels were determined from lavage and lung homogenate. PEEP had a significant effect on mechanics, gas exchange and the epithelium. The higher PEEP reduced lung collapse and improved mechanics and gas exchange but it also down regulated surfactant release and production and increased epithelial cell injury. While CVLB was better than CV, VVN outperformed CVLB in recruitment, reduced epithelial injury and, via a dynamic mechanotransduction, it also triggered increased release and production of surfactant. For long-term outcome, selection of optimal PEEP and ventilation mode may be based on balancing lung physiology with epithelial injury.
Risk Prediction Using CACS in Younger Populations: Theory or Valid Practice?

“In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is.”—Yogi Berra [(1)][1] In cardiology, as in baseball, we see discrepancies between theory and practice. The debate regarding coronary artery calcium (CAC) in predicting risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is
Depression and treatment nonadherence in type 2 diabetes: assessment issues and an integrative treatment approach

Research has found that depression is more common among individuals with diabetes and is associated with worse diabetes outcomes including treatment nonadherence, worse glycemic control, higher risk of diabetes complications, greater functional impairment, and increased risk of mortality. These patterns of association have led to an increase in research investigating the relationship between diabetes and depression. There remain important questions about the relationship between depression and diabetes and an unmet need for treatment approaches that are successful in ameliorating depression and improving diabetes outcomes. The current commentary discusses several conceptual issues related to the measurement of depression in diabetes, argues for the importance of health behavior and treatment adherence in approaching the problem of depression in diabetes, and provides an example of a treatment approach that incorporates the treatment of depression with strategies aimed at improving treatment adherence in order to maximize effects on diabetes outcomes.
The tsunami of May 23, 1960, on the Island of Hawaii

Abstract The tsunami of May 23, 1960, originating in an area of profound crustal disturbance along the coast of Chile, resulted in the greatest natural disaster in Hawaii since the Aleutian-born tsunami of 1946. A study of T phases from earthquakes produced by this disturbance suggests that the duration of faulting responsible for the largest earthquake and the tsunami was about 7 minutes. With the exception of the Hilo Bay area, wave heights on the Island of Hawaii were generally low, ranging between 3 and 17 feet, and averaging 9 feet. At Hilo, the third wave, which developed into a bore as it entered the bay, rose 35 feet above sea level. The action of this bore is best explained in terms of an hydraulic shock wave; its relation to the tsunami wave train, however, is poorly understood. Patterns of wave heights on Hawaii9s shores produced by recent tsunamis of diverse geographic origin are strikingly different, whereas those from nearly the same origin are remarkably similar. The city of Hilo, which experienced a loss of 61 lives and $20 million in property, sustained the most extensive damage that occurred in the Hawaiian Islands. The need for tsunami research and continual public education, as a means for preventing further disaster, is painfully evident. The wave height data presented, together with the fullest possible evaluation of the seismogram, should aid in indicating danger areas and forecasting wave heights in future tsunamis.
Parent HPV vaccine perspectives and the likelihood of HPV vaccination of adolescent males.

In 2013, approximately one-third of US adolescent males age 13–17 y had received ≥1 doses of HPV vaccines and only 14% had received ≥3 doses. This study used a nationally representative, online survey to explore experiences and attitudes related to HPV vaccination among parents with adolescent sons. Analyses compared the perspective of parents who do not intend to initiate HPV vaccine for ≥1 adolescent son to that of parents who are likely to initiate or continue HPV vaccination. Of 809 parents of sons age 11–17 years, half were classified as Unlikely to Initiate HPV vaccination and 39% as Likely to Vaccinate. A higher proportion of the Likely to Vaccinate group felt their son's doctor was knowledgeable about HPV vaccine, did a good job explaining its purpose, and spent more time discussing HPV vaccine; in contrast, over half of the Unlikely to Initiate group had never discussed HPV vaccine with their child's doctor. The majority of parents in both groups showed favorable attitudes to adolescent vaccinati...
An Examination Of The Business Sector Differentials Between Historical Measures Of Risk And The Risk Implied By Economic Value Added

The corporate world is continually striving to identify an effective means of evaluating management performance. Corporate concern over this issue stems from both the perspective of managerial compensation and maximizing shareholder value. Some companies have used such measures as returns on assets, equity, or investment. Some have relied on other measures like inventory management, trade credit management, or cash management. The common ground shared by these measures is that they rely on accounting measures of firm activity. The weakness of using such means to measure firm performance is that they are driven by a rule based system, and anyone with sufficient understanding of the rules ca n manipulate the information to present the picture of the firm’s performance in a way that may be inconsistent with the reality of the firm’s performance. This does not suggest that managers will engage in such deception, rather it suggests that the opportunity to do so exists, and must somehow be incorporated into the shareholder’s interpretation of the reported performance.
Disseminated gonococcal infection. The tenosynovitis-dermatitis and suppurative arthritis syndromes.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), the most common form of infectious arthritis seen in both community and major teaching hospitals. The epidemiology, bacteriology, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, recommended treatment, complications, and prevention of DGI of connective tissue and skin are reviewed. The evidence of the need for a classification of DGI that recognizes two separate patterns of disease as opposed to a continuum is discussed. A classification that recognizes two separate patterns of disease (a tenosynovitis-dermatitis and a suppurative arthritis) is used to analyze and compare data from an earlier published study with a more recent investigation. The results of this analysis demonstrate the utility of the classification. This classification, based on the presence or absence of a synovial effusion, aids in diagnosis, allows prediction of complications and length of hospitalization, and suggests when oral antibiotic regimens may be used.
The City in the Future of Democracy

I need hardly remind this audience that one of the characteristics of our field is the large number of old and quite elemental questions—elemental but by no means elementary—for which we have no compelling answers. I don't mean that we have no answers to these questions. On the contrary, we often have a rich variety of conflicting answers. But no answer compels acceptance in the same way as a proof of a theorem in mathematics, or a very nice fit between a hypothesis and a satisfactory set of data. Whether the obstacles that prevent us from achieving tight closure on solutions lie in ourselves—our approaches, methods, and theories—or are inherent in the problems is, paradoxically, one of these persistent and elemental questions for which we have a number of conflicting answers. For whatever it may be worth, my private hunch is that the main obstacles to closure are in the problems themselves—in their extraordinary complexity, the number and variety of variables, dimensions qualities, and relationships, and in the impediments to observation and data-gathering. However that may be, a question of this sort often lies dormant for decades or even centuries, not because it has been solved but because it seems irrelevant. For even when no satisfactory theoretical answer exists to a very fundamental question, historical circumstances may allow it to be ignored for long periods of time. Even specialists may refuse to take a question seriously that history seems to have shoved into the attic. What seem like fundamental controversies in one age are very likely to be boring historical curiosities in the next. And conversely it is my impression that a great many of the elemental political questions regarded as settled in one age have a way of surfacing later on.
Pre-Extraction of Hemicelluloses from Hardwood Chips Using an Alkaline Wood Pulping Solution Followed by Kraft Pulping of the Extracted Wood Chips

Mixed southern hardwood chips were extracted with an alkaline wood pulping solution called kraft green liquor. This aqueous solution containing mainly sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide was applie...
The Research on the Industry Development Patterns and Way of Beijing CBD

Based on the increase during 2000 to 2005 ,Beijing CBD's orientation of regional industry function is becoming clear about the way.At the same time,the other emphasis function districts of Beijing city have the similar industrial development way.By way of solving this potential question,this paper analyze the general situations of primary CBD in the world,and then,give the appropriate industry development pattern and corresponding policy suggestion.
Identification of functional domains affected by developmental exposure to methylmercury: Faroe islands and related studies.

The Faroe Islands study is a prospective study designed to assess the neurological and behavioral consequences of in utero exposure to methylmercury (meHg). Maternal exposure to meHg was through consumption of fish and intermittent higher-level exposure through pilot whale meat, while consumption of pilot whale blubber resulted in maternal exposure to PCBs. Analysis of the neurobehavioral domains affected revealed impairment in attention, memory, and auditory processing, impairment in primary auditory function, and to a lesser extent motor impairment. For four of the eight endpoints affected by meHg exposure at p <.10, impairment was also correlated (p <.10) with in utero PCB exposure as measured by cord tissue PCB levels. Further analyses provide evidence for an independent effect of PCBs and meHg on these endpoints. Cross-sectional studies in a smaller number of children in the Amazon and Madeira by the same group of investigators, in which average meHg maternal hair levels were about twice as high those in the Faroe Islands, identified auditory, visual, and/or motor deficits, with little or no evidence of deficits in attention or memory. However, the results of the cross-sectional studies must be interpreted with caution, due to limited statistical power as well as a lack of opportunity to correlate effects to in utero exposure.
Entropy rates of low-significance bits sampled from chaotic physical systems

Abstract We examine the entropy of low-significance bits in analog-to-digital measurements of chaotic dynamical systems. We find the partition of measurement space corresponding to low-significance bits has a corrugated structure. Using simulated measurements of a map and experimental data from a circuit, we identify two consequences of this corrugated partition. First, entropy rates for sequences of low-significance bits more closely approach the metric entropy of the chaotic system, because the corrugated partition better approximates a generating partition. Second, accurate estimation of the entropy rate using low-significance bits requires long block lengths as the corrugated partition introduces more long-term correlation, and using only short block lengths overestimates the entropy rate. This second phenomenon may explain recent reports of experimental systems producing binary sequences that pass statistical tests of randomness at rates that may be significantly beyond the metric entropy rate of the physical source.
Teaching algorithm design and intractability: a project-based curriculum focused on the traveling salesperson problem

This workshop presents an award-winning, project-based curriculum for algorithm design that includes techniques for intractable problems. This curriculum is a sequence of laboratory projects comprising increasingly sophisticated solvers for a single intractable problem. The idea for this curriculum and its initial implementation won the Best Paper Award at CCSCNE 2006.
Implementation of a nurse practitioner role in an acute care setting.

Advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNP) are becoming a mainstay in primary and acute care settings because of the changes in the health care environment. Acute care hospitals are recognizing the need to provide expert clinical care in a holistic manner, which requires communication and recognition of the patient and patient’s needs as central to the care delivered. Patients with neurological acute care needs or injuries are often at high risk for fragmented care due to their complexity and rehabilitation needs. The goal of this demonstration project was to develop a more proactive, patient- focused care delivery model. Outcome data assessed included: influence of the ARNP on the discharge process, patient satisfaction, management structure, and enhancement of critical thinking by staff.
Bioactive nanofiber dressings for wound healing

In the United States there are more than 6 million cases of chronic wounds reported yearly, with treatment costs exceeding US$25 billion annually. Chronic wounds contribute to the majority of the clinical cases, and also secondary injuries associated with diseases such as diabetes, which are on the rise in the general population. The development of novel technologies and strategies for wound care is an area of intense ongoing research at academic laboratories and companies. This chapter gives an overview of wound healing and management. We discuss the development of biomaterials for wound dressings, fabrications methodologies to mimic the skin extracellular matrix, such as nanofibers by electrospinning, and strategies to incorporate and deliver bioactivity to improve the healing characteristics to bring it as close to “ideal” as possible. Future wound dressings are multifunctional, biodegradable devices incorporating regenerative engineering, infection prevention and control, stimulatory aspects, and sensors to provide real-time feedback.
Brook trout use of thermal refugia and foraging habitat influenced by brown trout

The distribution of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in eastern North America is often limited by temperature and introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta), the relative importance of which i...
Rejecting More of the Same? The 2016 Veepstakes

In this article, I present results from a conditional logit model of vice presidential selection that predicts the selection of vice presidential candidates for both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in 2016. Examining contested major party vice presidential nominations from 1960 through 2012, the model finds media exposure, political experience, military service, age, and demographic (gender/racial/ethnic) diversity to be significant factors in the selection process. In the end, the model correctly predicts 15 of the 21 (71.%) contested major party nominations during this period. For 2016 the model correctly and convincingly predicts Mike Pence as Donald Trump’s selection, but incorrectly predicts Cory Booker as Hillary Clinton’s pick. This reduces the overall percentage of correct predictions from 1960 to 2016 to 69.6% (16 of 23), but the approach taken here still represents a more appropriate way for social scientists to think about what factors drive vice presidential selection.
A comparison in the percent remaining of a gastric empty study that is acquired anterior only versus anterior and posterior.

2703 Objectives To compare the percent remaining of a gastric empty study that is acquired anterior only versus anterior and posterior at various time points post ingestion. Methods This was a retrospective study using fifty subjects. The subjects have to have had no prior gastrointestinal (GI) surgeries, and consumed 100% of the meal. The meal consisted of: 74 Megabecquerels (MBq) of sulfur colloid in four ounces of egg beaters, two pieces of toast with jelly, and eight ounces of water. Anterior and posterior counts were used from when the studies were processed and put into a data sheet. The anterior only counts were calculated to find percent remaining. The mean percent remaining at 60, 120, and 240 minutes post-ingestion were compared between anterior and posterior and anterior only, using a paired t-test. Results The mean at 60 minutes for the anterior and posterior view was approximately 63% remaining in the stomach. For the anterior only view the percent remaining was approximately 72% (p Conclusions To compare the percent remaining of a gastric empty study that is acquired anterior only versus anterior and posterior at various points post ingestion. Anterior only view significantly overestimated percent remaining at 60 and 120 minutes, but not at 240 minutes post ingestion. There is not a statistically significant difference between the anterior and posterior percent remaining versus just the anterior only percent remaining after 240 minutes.
Optimal energy storage control for frequency regulation under temporal logic specifications

A formal safety controller synthesis method for power grid frequency regulation using energy storage systems is proposed. After a fault, with uncertainties in the fault clearing time, the generator machine angles and rotor speed deviations will enter a set of post-fault states that can be over-approximated using reachability analysis. We use the robust neighbourhood approach to cover this set using the initial robust neighbourhood of finitely many simulated post-fault trajectories. We design these simulated trajectories to meet the frequency regulation requirements specified in Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) by optimizing the input signals through a functional gradient descent approach. In this way, all the possible post-fault trajectories with the given uncertainties in the fault clearing time are guaranteed to satisfy the MTL specification. Further, a piecewise linear control law is learned from the data of the simulated trajectories to generate a feedback controller that is more reactive to unexpected disturbances.
Cultural Values and Relationship Development in Organizations

Many global work contexts (e.g., expatriation and virtual teamwork) require the development of cross-cultural relationships. In this chapter, we examine the role of the cultural values of individualism and collectivism in the formation of such work relationships. Based on our theoretical framework, differing values between potential partners elevate the perceived uncertainty and risk of engaging in cross-cultural interactions and influence how relationships are approached. Using the foundation of social exchange theory, relationship development is depicted over a set of phases through which individuals exchange in both transactional (mutually beneficial economic) and relational (socially attractive) modes. Developing normative agreement of the partners at the dyad level, and increasing relational embeddedness at the individual level, reduces perceptions of uncertainty over these phases. How the relationship development process transpires is based on the individualist or collectivist values of the participants and the types of exchange between them. A successful relationship (one that results in both economic and relational value) ultimately creates cross-cultural relational social capital that benefits both individuals and the firm.
Communicating Across Cultures: The Case of Primo Levi, Italo Calvino, and Pliny the Elder

Agostini analyzes the cultural relation between Pliny the Elder and the twentieth-century Italian writers. The Latin author of the Naturalis Historia proved to be an inspiration for Primo Levi’s poem “Plinio” in 1978 and Italo Calvino’s essay “Il cielo, l’uomo, l’elefante” in 1982. Pliny seems to have responded to questions and doubts of post-war writers in Italy. In addition, he served as a model for intellectual communication and authorial image in the post-war Italian society. Levi and Calvino delineated personal experience into collective memory through the character of Pliny. The chapter includes textual and critical inquiries in communication, translation, and assimilation between ancient Latin culture and Italian culture.
Recent accomplishments of the fusion safety program at the Idaho National Laboratory

Abstract The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Fusion Safety Program (FSP) is the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences’ (FES) lead laboratory for Magnetic Fusion Energy (MFE) Safety. Our mission is to assist the US and international fusion communities in developing the inherent safety and environmental potential of fusion power by: 1) Developing fusion licensing data and analysis tools, 2) Participating in national and international collaborations and design studies, and 3) Assisting the US and international fusion community in licensing activities and guidance in operational safety. To achieve our mission, the FSP maintains core competencies in the several areas, two of which are: fusion safety code development and tritium retention and permeation in fusion plasma facing component (PFC) and blanket materials. This article details recent accomplishments of our program in these areas and future directions for fusion safety research and development at INL.
A robust response to combination immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in HPV-related small cell cancer: a case report

Human papillomavirus-related small cell carcinoma of the head and neck is an extremely rare, aggressive subtype with poor outcomes. Therapeutic options are limited and are largely adopted from small cell lung cancer treatment paradigms. This report describes a 69-year old male who was diagnosed of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer with mixed small cell and squamous cell pathology which was clinically aggressive and progressed through multimodal platinum-based therapies. Upon manifestation of worsening metastatic disease, the patient was initiated on a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab. Within 2 months of starting immunotherapy, a robust partial response was observed. During the treatment course, the patient developed immune-related adverse effects including new diabetes mellitus, colitis, and hypothyroidism. The disease-specific survival was 26 months. Combination immunotherapy may be an attractive option for HPV-related small cell head and neck cancers resistant to other treatment modalities and thus warrants further evaluation.
Long-Term Weight Trajectory and Risk of Hip Fracture, Falls, Impaired Physical Function, and Death

Objectives To determine the association between weight trajectory, health status, and mortality in older women. Design Cohort study. Setting Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Participants Older community‐dwelling women (age: baseline (1986–88), mean 68, range 65–81; Year 20 (2006–08), mean 88, range 83–102 (N = 1,323)). Measurements Body weight measured repeatedly over 20 years (mean 8 times). Logistic and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate whether 20‐year weight trajectory measures were associated with hip fracture, falls, physical performance, and mortality. Results In models adjusted for age, clinic, calcium use, Year 20 weight, walking speed, comorbidity score, smoking, self‐reported health, and walking for exercise, women with moderate weight loss (>9.0 kg) over 20 years had a 74% greater risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37–2.20) in the 5 years after the Year 20 visit than those with no weight loss and more than twice the risk of hip fracture (HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.39–4.70). They were 3.6 times (odds ratio (OR) = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.86–6.95) as likely to have poor physical function at the Year 20 visit as women with no weight loss but no greater risk of 2 or more falls in the 1.5 years after the Year 20 visit. Weight variability and abrupt weight decline were not associated with adverse health oucomes (falls, fractures, mortality), but those in the highest quartile of variability were 2.3 times (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.34–3.80) as likely to have poor physical function scores. Conclusion In women surviving past 80 years of age, moderate weight loss over 20 years was associated with greater risk of hip fracture, poor physical function, and mortality but not of falls. Future work should separate voluntary from involuntary weight loss.
DistributedHART: A Distributed Real-Time Scheduling System for WirelessHART Networks

Industry 4.0 is a new industry trend which relies on data driven business model to set the productivity requirements of the cyber physical system. To meet this requirement, Industry 4.0 cyber physical systems need to be highly scalable, adaptive, real-time, and reliable. Recent successful industrial wireless standards such as WirelessHART appeared as a feasible approach for such cyber physical systems. For reliable and real-time communication in highly unreliable environments, they adopt a high degree of redundancy. While a high degree of redundancy is crucial to real-time control, it causes a huge waste of energy, bandwidth, and time under a centralized approach, and are therefore less suitable for scalability and handling network dynamics. To address these challenges, we propose DistributedHART - a distributed real-time scheduling system for WirelessHART networks. The essence of our approach is to adopt local (node-level) scheduling through a time window allocation among the nodes that allows each node to schedule its transmissions using a real-time scheduling policy locally and online. DistributedHART obviates the need of creating and disseminating a central global schedule in our approach, and thereby significantly reducing resource usage and enhancing the scalability. To our knowledge, it is the first distributed real-time multi-channel scheduler for WirelessHART. We have implemented DistributedHART and experimented on a 130-node testbed. Our testbed experiments as well as simulations show at least 85% less energy consumption in DistributedHART compared to existing centralized approach while ensuring similar schedulability.
Phase II trial of levocetirizine with capecitabine and bevacizumab to overcome the resistance of antiangiogenic therapies in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer

Background: Despite the clinical success of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade in metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC), resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs invariably develops. IL-8 and other cytokines have been implicated in development of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Levocetirizine is a second generation H1 antihistamine with anti-inflammatory and IL-8 suppression properties. We conducted a phase II trial combining levocetirizine with capecitabine and bevacizumab to potentially overcome anti-angiogenic therapy resistance in patients with refractory mCRC. Methods: This was a single-center open-label prospective trial in refractory mCRC patients. Treatment consisted of oral capecitabine 850 mg/m 2 twice daily administered as 7 days on and 7 days off, intravenous (IV) bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 14 days and oral levocetirizine 5 mg daily. The primary end point was progression free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and tolerability. An exploratory endpoint included correlation of PFS with cytokine levels. A sample size of 36 evaluable patients could identify a median PFS of 3.4 months at a 0.05 significance level. To examine cytokine changes related to levocetirizine treatment, patients were randomized to Arm A where levocetirizine was started 7 days after starting chemotherapy and to Arm B where levocetirizine was started 7 days prior to chemotherapy. Cytokine levels were measured at baseline and with each cycle of chemotherapy (up to three cycles). Results: Forty-seven patients were enrolled in the trial to have 36 evaluable patients. Arm A enrolled 23 patients and Arm B enrolled 24 patients. Fifty percent of patients had progressive disease and 62% of patients had stable disease in each arm as best response. There was no demonstrable difference in PFS between the two arms (log-rank test P=0.83). Median time to progression was 3.4 months in Arm A and 3.5 months in Arm B. Conclusions: Median PFS in the trial was comparable to and appeared to be better than other regimens used in the refractory setting (e.g., median PFS of 1.9 months for regorafenib). Cytokine measurement with IL-8 levels did not show any correlation with progression free survival but patients with stable disease showed overall lower levels of IL-8 as compared to patients with progressive disease in the cytokine analysis.
Gated Spectral Units: Modeling Co-evolving Patterns for Sequential Recommendation

Exploiting historical data of users to make future predictions lives at the heart of building effective recommender systems (RS). Recent approaches for sequential recommendations often render past actions of a user into a sequence, seeking to capture the temporal dynamics in the sequence to predict the next item. However, the interests of users evolve over time together due to their mutual influence, and most of existing methods lack the ability to utilize the rich coevolutionary patterns available in underlying data represented by sequential graphs. In order to capture the co-evolving knowledge for sequential recommendations, we start from introducing an efficient spectral convolution operation to discover complex relationships between users and items from the spectral domain of a graph, where the hidden connectivity information of the graph can be revealed. Then, the spectral convolution is generalized into an recurrent method by utilizing gated mechanisms to model sequential graphs. Experimentally, we demonstrate the advantages of modeling co-evolving patterns, and Gated Spectral Units (GSUs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets.
Brown-Séquard, Father of Endocrinology.

Famous for the eponymous syndrome of hemisection of the spinal cord, Brown-Sequard was born in Mauritius and, in this 125th anniversary year of his death in Paris in 1894, it is apt to review his achievements as the undisputed father of endocrinology. He abandoned a lucrative private practice in London for an international academic career emphasising an experimental approach. Pioneering the discipline of endocrinology through self-experimentation, he freely distributed his preparations for male hormonal replacement therapy to promote their evaluation. Whereas their perceived effectiveness was due to a placebo effect, his contribution was central in the development of endocrinology. Brown-Sequard had an enquiring mind and never missed an opportunity to exploit circumstances for pursuing issues whether for observational or interventional purposes. His eccentric personality was associated with bouts of depression, likely with bipolar disorder, and frequent moves: he settled six times in France and four times in America besides undertaking two journeys to Mauritius where the setting was not propitious for carrying out tasks of professional interest. This roving character led to more than 60 transatlantic crossings and about six years at sea. He had royalty as patients, Charles Darwin and Louis Pasteur as close correspondents, and influenced his neighbour Robert Louis Stevenson for the plot of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.
Effect of Poloxamer 188 on Collateral Blood Flow, Myocardial Infarct Size, and Left Ventricular Function in a Canine Model of Prolonged (3-Hour) Coronary Occlusion and Reperfusion.

Poloxamer 188 is a surfactant with hemorheological, antithrombotic, and neutrophil-inhibitory properties. This agent has been demonstrated to reduce infarct size and to improve left ventricular function in animal models of myocardial infarction and reperfusion, and recently in a randomized trial of patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. In addition to reducing reperfusion injury, poloxamer 188 might be beneficial by increasing collateral blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of poloxamer 188 on collateral blood flow, myocardial infarct size, and left ventricular function in a canine model of prolonged (3 hours) coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Closed-chest dogs (n = 21) underwent a 3-hour coronary occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion. At 1 hour of occlusion, dogs received poloxamer 188, 75 mg/kg IV bolus, followed by 150 mg/kg/h IV for the final 2 hours of coronary occlusion and throughout reperfusion, or a saline placebo. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured using colored microspheres. Myocardial infarct size and area at risk were determined by postmortem histochemical staining. Compared with controls, poloxamer 188–treated dogs showed no significant increase in collateral blood flow during the final 2 hours of a 3-hour coronary artery occlusion. In addition, poloxamer 188 treatment had no beneficial effect on infarct size or left ventricular function in this model. Increased collateral blood flow is unlikely to be a beneficial mechanism of poloxamer 188 in myocardial infarction. These data also question the benefit of this agent to reduce reperfusion injury in the setting of more prolonged (3-hour) coronary occlusion.
Noise and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

Abstract When considering noise in relation to sound, what is commonly meant is meaningless background sound of greater than usual volume. However, in the study of the effect of noise on health, the “noise” may mean any traumatic sounds (such as weapon noise in the field and narrowband noise or even pure tones at high intensity used in animal experiments in the lab to induce cochlear disruptions) and unwanted sounds (such as loud music from neighbors). Recently prolonged exposure to noise at the environmental noise level has been found to induce hidden hearing loss (cochlear injuries without a detectable hearing loss) and is receiving more attention. While some drugs and chemicals are known to produce hearing loss they are not covered in this chapter.
Toxic Gaslighting: On the Ins and Outs of Pollution

Outdoor images predominate in cultural conceptions of “air pollution,” whilst indoor air quality (IAQ) is typically tenfold more contaminated. Recent no nprofit research revealed that “green label” carpet contains up to 44 hazardous substances. How and why do school administrators not know this? When people speak colloquially about “toxic” schools, they typically refer to social environments whose power dynamics are manipulated by difficult people (bullies, narcissists, gaslighters, etc.). In this article, I borrow the cultural concept of gaslighting to query how and why the literal off-gassing of banal objects like carpet have escaped scientific inquiry. In dialogue with recent innovative air studies in California that blur the boundaries of in/outdoor pollution, this auto-ethnographic paper chronicles a carpet controversy at “Beacon” Elementary, a bilingual school in the Central Valley. Even as outdoor smoke from California wildfires in 2017 pushed PM 2.5 levels past red into unprecedented magenta alerts, children were sickened inside school classrooms after new carpets were laid in 2017. By “outing” internal school board communication through repeated public records requests, Beacon mothers discovered how a chemical risk manager on the board manipulated confusion about patterns of pollution to dismiss the mothers’ citizen science of the chemical abuse of their children. When pollution occurs out-of-sight (in locked classrooms) or affects groups rarely studied in exposure (minors), institutions can easily deploy gaslighting techniques of doubt, denial, and disavowal of the chemical abuse of children. Given the slow (Nixon 2011), delayed, incremental, and “gaslighted” nature of modern chemical violence, even those harmed by chronic pollution may misrecognize the symptoms; those that do recognize the symptoms may be perceived or portrayed as delusional in stories worthy of Hollywood noir.
CC Chemokine Receptor 2-Targeting Copper Nanoparticles for Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Delivery of Gemcitabine for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy with dire prognosis due to aggressive biology, lack of effective tools for diagnosis at an early stage, and limited treatment options. Detection of PDAC using conventional radiographic imaging is limited by the dense, hypovascular stromal component and relatively scarce neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The CC motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and its cognate receptor CCR2 (CCL2/CCR2) axis are critical in fostering and maintaining this kind of TME by recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid cells such as the tumor-associated macrophages, thereby presenting an opportunity to exploit this axis for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We engineered CCR2-targeting ultrasmall copper nanoparticles (Cu@CuOx) as nanovehicles not only for targeted positron emission tomography imaging by intrinsic radiolabeling with 64Cu but also for loading and delivery of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine to PDAC. This 64Cu-radiolabeled nanovehicle allowed sensitive and accurate detection of PDAC malignancy in autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models. The ultrasmall Cu@CuOx showed efficient renal clearance, favorable pharmacokinetics, and minimal in vivo toxicity. Systemic administration of gemcitabine-loaded Cu@CuOx effectively suppressed the progression of PDAC tumors in a syngeneic xenograft mouse model and prolonged survival. These CCR2-targeted ultrasmall nanoparticles offer a promising image-guided therapeutic agent and show great potential for translation.
Metastatic Myxofibrosarcoma with Durable Response to Temozolomide Followed by Atezolizumab: A Case Report

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a well-recognized histotype of soft tissue sarcomas that generally presents with localized disease. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with metastatic MFS who experienced durable response to sixth-line therapy with temozolomide. Upon further progression, his tumor was notable for a high tumor mutational burden, and he was subsequently treated with seventh-line immunotherapy, atezolizumab, achieving a second durable response. This case highlights the role of immunotherapy after administration of alkylating agents. Review of the literature indicates that recurrent tumors treated with alkylating agents often experience hypermutation as a means of developing resistance and that checkpoint inhibitors are subsequently effective in these tumors. KEY POINTS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with myxofibrosarcoma with high tumor mutational burden after administration of temozolomide monotherapy. Hypermutation may be a resistance mechanism for patients with soft tissue sarcoma who develop resistance to alkylating agents. Checkpoint inhibition may be effective therapy in patients with soft tissue sarcoma with high tumor mutational burden as a consequence of alternate systemic therapy resistance.
The complex relationship between sibling contact and child and family well-being in foster care: An exploration of child and family functioning in a pre-permanency cohort

Abstract U.S. policy promotes sibling visitation when siblings cannot be placed in foster care homes together, however, when siblings are placed separately, many do not receive visits and there is little research examining the impact of separation and visitation. This study examined child and family well-being for 1) siblings that were not in placement together but had visits, 2) siblings that are not in placement together and do not have visits, and 3) children who are not split from their siblings or have no siblings, using pre-service referral and assessment data of children and caregivers (n = 259) from a clinical pre-adoption program. Multivariate analysis indicated that sibling visits, increased parenting stress, increased child behavioral problems and older age of children were all negatively related to parent ratings of child integration into the family (i.e. sense of belonging). Although more research is needed, these findings suggest that when co-placement is not available special attention should be given to sibling visitation and the possible conflicts of loyalty that can arise and interfere with supportive integration into the foster home.
Extended-release buprenorphine outcomes among treatment resistant veterans.

BACKGROUND Buprenorphine Extended-Release (BUP-XR) is an FDA approved, monthly subcutaneous injection for opioid use disorder. This formulation provides an alternative for patients who have difficulty adhering to daily sublingual buprenorphine; however, its cost may be prohibitive compared to other medication alternatives. OBJECTIVES The objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of BUP-XR and provide a rationale for its utilization in health care facilitates. METHODS Across two VA outpatient clinics, twenty-six (22 male, 4 female) clinically complex patients received at least one BUP-XR injection between December 1, 2018 and April 1, 2020. The sample was high risk for hospital admission and mortality. Data was collected retrospectively from the medical records. Outcomes examined included: medication adherence, urine drug and alcohol screenings, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and housing status. Within-subject comparisons were made between the six month period prior to and following the first injection. RESULTS Treatment retention was robust, as 81% of the sample received six or more monthly BUP-XR injections. Most patients (77%) maintained 300 mg dosage and a majority (70%) missed or were late for at least one injection. BUP-XR was associated with reduction in: emergency department visits, days of hospitalization, non-prescribed opioid use, and homelessness. Mortality rate was 23%. CONCLUSIONS BUP-XR with a flexible dosing schedule and a nonstandard default dose of 300 mgs resulted in robust retention, provided effective treatment of OUD, and reduced health care utilization for these complex patients with high mortality risk. However, due to the lack of statistical significance generalization of these findings is limited.
Nexus: A modular workflow management system for quantum simulation codes ☆

Abstract The management of simulation workflows represents a significant task for the individual computational researcher. Automation of the required tasks involved in simulation work can decrease the overall time to solution and reduce sources of human error. A new simulation workflow management system, Nexus, is presented to address these issues. Nexus is capable of automated job management on workstations and resources at several major supercomputing centers. Its modular design allows many quantum simulation codes to be supported within the same framework. Current support includes quantum Monte Carlo calculations with QMCPACK, density functional theory calculations with Quantum Espresso or VASP, and quantum chemical calculations with GAMESS. Users can compose workflows through a transparent, text-based interface, resembling the input file of a typical simulation code. A usage example is provided to illustrate the process. Program summary Program title: Nexus Catalogue identifier: AEXN_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEXN_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License (UIUC/NCSA) No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 92059 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1414101 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: Workstations, clusters, and supercomputing resources at OLCF, ALCF, NERSC, NCSA, TACC, and RPI. Operating system: Linux. RAM: 100 megabytes Classification: 6.5, 7.3. External routines: NumPy. Optionally SciPy, Matplotlib, and H5Py. Nature of problem: Quantum simulation workflows with multiple dependencies between various electronic structure codes. Job management of simulations on arbitrary workstation and supercomputing environments. Aggregation and analysis of output data. Solution method: Modular and extensible class-based framework to represent atomic structures, simulation instances, input files, output data, job requests, and host machines. Automatic identification of time ordered simulation networks (workflows) and simultaneous management of independent workflows including writing of input files, submission of jobs on available resources, job monitoring, and collection and post processing of output data. High-level and minimal user interface to generate input files, compose workflows, and perform data analysis. Running time: Total run time of the Nexus program is close to the overall wall time of the managed simulations. For the enclosed user example, the running time is approximately 30 seconds on a 16 core workstation.
Succinyl Phosphate ITS NONENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND REACTION WITH COENZYME A

Succinyl phosphate reacts rapidly and nonenzymatically with coenzyme A in the pH range 3 to 8 to yield succinyl coenzyme A. This hitherto unsuspected reaction of an acyl phosphate with a thiol depends critically on the presence within the molecule of a free carboxyl group, which bears a "succinyl" relationship—and is spatially accessible—to the phosphorylated carboxyl. The free carboxyl group interacts with the anhydride portion of the molecule at neutral pH and below. A variety of kinetic experiments point to the cyclic form of succinyl phosphate as the immediate reactant with coenzyme A in the synthesis of succinyl coenzyme A. The somewhat unorthodox mechanism which is proposed is not to be taken as proved. Succinyl phosphate and its congeners exhibit characteristic pH rate profiles of hydrolysis, which are unmistakably distinct in their contour from those of acyl phosphates which are unreactive with coenzyme A. During hydrolysis at neutral pH and below, succinyl phosphate may also react in a cyclic form, possibly as succinic anhydride following elimination of orthophosphate.