cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Regulation of Public Research Universities: Changes in Academic Competition and Implications for University Autonomy and Accountability.

The changing context of higher education is altering the traditional means by which governments regulate their “research” universities. In a number of countries universities, which are increasigly subject to a global market, have discovered that they require greater management flexibility in order to compete effectively and are therefore seeking relief from traditional government regulations affecting both substantive and procedural matters. At the same time governments wish to assure that the actions of publicly funded universities are consistent with the social values of efficiency, equity, and academic quality. Designing public policies that effectively balance the competitive needs of the university sector with the public interest is a complex issue. The paper presents a general framework for analyzing these regulatory policy issues and illustrates the framework with policies from Europe and the US.
Genetical feedback-repression. II. Cyclic genetic systems.

Abstract The properties of genetic networks based on a variant of Jacob-Monod type feedback-repression have been examined using digital computer simulation. Single gene loops do not seem feasible as oscillators, but networks with an odd number of genes connected cyclically oscillate over a wide range of conditions.
Role of protein kinase C in calcium sensitization during muscarinic stimulation in airway smooth muscle

Muscarinic receptor stimulation increases Ca2+ sensitivity, i.e., the amount of force produced at a constant submaximal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), in permeabilized smooth muscle prepar...
Assessing Personality and Psychopathology With Self‐Report Inventories

This chapter describes the history and development of self-report inventories (SRIs) as measures of personality and psychopathology. Early criticisms of this technique are reviewed, with an emphasis on concerns regarding their susceptibility to distortion and limited empirical foundations for their interpretation. Current issues in SRI-based assessment are then reviewed and discussed, including various approaches to constructing SRIs and their relative merits, approaches to and foundations for SRI interpretation including the merits of empirical and content-based interpretation, and derivation of standard scores for SRI interpretation. Next, the concept of protocol validity is defined and threats to protocol validity, including content and non-content-based threats, are identified and discussed. These threats include nonresponding, random responding, fixed responding, overreporting, and underreporting. Finally, needs for further SRI research studies are identified. These include generating broader research bases to allow for a greater role for construct validity in SRI interpretation, the need to address questions regarding validity generalization in SRI interpretation, further research to clarify the potential role of configural SRI interpretation, and additional studies to guide efforts at detecting threats to protocol validity and their implications for SRI interpretation. Keywords: construction; interpretation; inventories; personality; protocol; psychopathology; self-report; validity
Nielsen periodic point theory for periodic maps on orientable surfaces

Abstract Let f : F g → F g denote a periodic self map of minimal period m on the orientable surface of genus g with g > 1 . We study the calculation of the Nielsen periodic numbers NP n ( f ) and NΦ n ( f ) . Unlike the general situation of arbitrary maps on such surfaces, strong geometric results of Jiang and Guo allow for straightforward calculations when n ≠ m . However, determining NP m ( f ) involves some surprises. Because f m = id F g , f m has one Nielsen class E m . This class is essential because L ( id F g ) = χ ( F g ) = 2 − 2 g ≠ 0 . If there exists k m with L ( f k ) ≠ 0 then E m reduces to the essential fixed points of f k . There are maps g (we call them minLef maps) for which L ( g k ) = 0 for all k m . We show that the period of any minLef map must always divide 2 g − 2 . We prove that for such maps E m reduces algebraically iff it reduces geometrically. This result eliminates one of the most difficult problems in calculating the Nielsen periodic point numbers and gives a complete trichotomy (non-minLef, reducible minLef, and irreducible minLef) for periodic maps on F g . We prove that reducible minLef maps must have even period. For each of the three types of periodic maps we exhibit an example f and calculate both NP n ( f ) and NΦ n ( f ) for all n . The example of an irreducible minLef map is on F 4 and is of maximal period 6. The example of a non-minLef map is on F 2 and has maximal period 12 on F 2 . It is defined geometrically by Wang, and we provide the induced homomorphism and analyze it. The example of an irreducible minLef map is a map of period 6 on F 4 defined by Yang. No algebraic analysis is necessary to prove that this last example is an irreducible minLef map. We explore the algebra involved because it is intriguing in its own right. The examples of reducible minLef maps are simple inversions, which can be applied to any F g . Using these examples we disprove the conjecture from the conclusion of our previous paper.
SCREENING FOR CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS AND NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN ADOLESCENT MALES: VALUE OF FIRST-CATCH URINE EXAMINATION

Abstract 50 adolescent males attending a general teen clinic (aged 13-21) were evaluated for urethritis. After examination of sediment from the initial 15-20 ml of voided urine, first-catch urine (FCU), specimen urethral swabs were taken for culture of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 21 of 23 (91%) males with >10 leucocytes per high-power field of resuspended sediment (FCU-positive) had positive urethral cultures for C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae compared with only 1 of 27 (4%) FCU-negative subjects (p C trachomatis infections. The sensitivity of FCU examination in identifying culture-positive urethritis was 95%, the specificity 93%, and the predictive value of a positive FCU 91%. FCU examination is a useful, non-invasive screening test to detect urethritis associated with C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae. The test may be especially helpful in identifying symptom-free males with chlamydia-associated urethritis.
MoSi etch of phase-shift masks

Studies on MoSi etch processes were carried out using a design-of-experiments (DOE) methodology. Data was gathered using profilometers and optical critical dimension (CD) measurement systems. MoSi etch chemical kinetics was studied and a kinetic equation was developed showing that MoSi etch rate has a linear relationship with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) power, and an exponential relationship with the negative inverse of the DC bias electrode voltage. The reaction orders of the MoSi etch were 0.2 to SF6 concentration (molar fraction) and 0.5 to O2 concentration, and the activation energy was found to be 1350 kJ/mol. A dimensionless number method was used for results analysis and a calculable dimensionless number was defined. This number was found to be proportional to the isolated/dense etch bias. Etcher performance was also analyzed using a matrix transformation method and it was found that matrix-analysis-calculated etch results agreed with those obtained by experimental measurement. The optimal MoSi etch process window was expressed graphically.
Human apolipoprotein A-I: structure determination and analysis of unusual diffraction characteristics.

The crystallization and structure determination of recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein, is described. The fragment crystallized, residues 44–243 of native apo A-I [apo Δ(1–43)A-I], is very similar to intact native apo A-I in its ability to bind lipid, to be incorporated into high-density lipoproteins and to activate lecithin–cholesterol acyl transferase. Apo Δ(1–43)A-I crystallizes from 1.0–1.4 M sodium citrate pH 6.5–7.5 in space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 97.47, b = 113.87, c = 196.19 A (crystal form I). The crystals exhibit unusual diffraction intensity spikes and axial extinctions that are discussed in the context of the 4 A crystal structure. When flash-cooled to 100 K, the crystals diffract synchrotron radiation to 3 A resolution. Radiation sensitivity and crystal-to-crystal variation have hindered the assembly of a complete 3 A data set.
Community College Employee Wellness Programs

This paper describes the prevalence and characteristics of employee wellness programs in public community colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). A random sample of 250 public community colleges accredited by SACS was mailed a 46-item employee-wellness program survey. The survey solicited program information regarding funding, activities offered, program administration, participation rates, and incentives. The results indicated that the majority of the employee wellness program administrative bodies were either the health and physical education departments or wellness committees. The main coordinators of the wellness programs were either part-time directors within the institutions, wellness committees, or full-time directors within the institutions. Of the institutions surveyed, 27 out of 64 (42.2%) offered employee wellness programs. The findings indicate that the prevalence of employee wellness programs in public community colleges accredited by SACS is below prev...
Penetration of the uterine epithelium during implantation in the rabbit

The structure of interacting trophoblast and uterine epithelium was studied in 16 rabbits from seven days zero hours to seven days 20 hours post coitus. The most common type of penetration of the uterus by the trophoblast consisted of a peg from a trophoblastic knob that extended to the basal lamina of the uterine luminal epithelium and was bordered by uterine epithelial cells with which it shared junctional complexes. In early implantation sites there was direct evidence of fusion of the syncytial trophoblast with apical ends of individual uterine epithelial cells. Since no evidence of epithelial dissociation or mechanical intrusion of trophoblast between epithelial cells was found, it is suggested that fusion is the normal method of epithelial penetration by the trophoblast in the rabbit. The cytoplasm of the fused uterine cells was apparently converted into syneytium of the trophoblastic knob. Subsequent to formation of the trophoblastic peg, penetration of the basal lamina and of maternal blood vessels occurred, and the attached trophoblastic knobs increased in width. At later stages when symplasma formation by the uterine epithelium was extensive, fusion included trophoblast between knobs. Since the penetration peg is formed by fusion of trophoblast with uterine epithelium, the cell membrane first associated with the maternal connective tissue is of maternal origin. However, new membrane formed after fusion would be expected to have histocompatibility factors from both the trophoblast and the fused maternal epithelial cells.
Structure in β-delayed proton spectra of N=81 precursors

Abstract Intense peaks, superposed on a structureless spectrum, were observed in 151Yb β-delayed proton decay. It is shown that the peak and statistical protons follow the decay of the s 1 2 groundand h 11 2 isomeric states in 151Yb, respectively. It is concluded that the peaks, also seen in 147Dy and 149Er decays, are due to a low density of 1 2 and 3 2 levels at ≈ 4.5 MeV in the N = 82 daughters.
Development of spatiotemporal integration in infancy

When adults view objects moving behind an aperture, they are able to perceive their shapes and physical properties (such as size and location). This research investigates the development of the ability to perceive object length over time. In Experiment 1, 24-month-olds were tested for the perception of object length behind an aperture. In Experiment 2, 4-and 8-month-olds were tested in a control experiment for the perception of object length in full view. In Experiment 3, 8-, 10-, and 12-month-olds were tested for the perception of object length over time behind an aperture. Findings suggest that this ability is developed by 12 months of age. These results suggest that the ability to perceive object properties over time develops rather late in infancy. The findings are discussed in light of other research showing that related abilities emerge earlier in life.
Fabrication of optical microstructures through fractional Talbot imaging

Interference in the Fresnel regime of periodic structures creates a wide variety of intricate diffraction patterns. The diffraction patterns from both amplitude and phase gratings can bear a strong resemblance to the grating itself, or have much more complex structures. In this paper, we discuss a general approach for using interference patterns from amplitude gratings for lithographic fabrication of optical microstructures. We address the generation of the interference patterns from the standpoint of Talbot self-imaging. This approach enables the realization of complex optical structures with a single exposure in an appropriate fractional Talbot plane. Design approaches are discussed, and both theoretical and experimental results are presented.
Electron microscopy at high voltages

Abstract Experiments have been performed to investigate the useful thickness limits for electron transmission under routine operating conditions for silicon and stainless steel. The criterion adopted for this limit was that thickness at which fringe contrast at faults was destroyed by absorption. The results indicate a roughly linear behaviour of this limit at intermediate voltages, then falling off, but less rapidly than a (v/c)2 law. At 1 Mev foils of silicon ∼9 μ and stainless steel ∼2 μ thick are adequately transparent for observing defects. The ultimate thickness limit is determined by contrast and chromatic aberration. Measurements of the mean absorption parameter versus voltage in silicon showed a non-linear behaviour above about 100 kv. This result is attributed to the effect of many beams which cannot be avoided when using the wedge fringe method at high energies. An application of UHV microscopy to the study of interfaces between epitaxial silicon and its substrate is described.
Interactions in γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticle systems

Abstract We have investigated interaction effects in two different systems of iron oxide nanoparticles. Samples of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a matrix-mediated precipitation reaction and a chemical co-precipitation technique respectively. The structural properties of these nanoparticles were studied using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. We also used temperature dependent ac magnetic susceptibility measurements to carefully investigate the interactions among these nanoparticles. Our analysis showed that the characteristic interaction energy does not depend simply on the average spacing between the nanoparticles but is likely to be strongly influenced by the fluctuations in the nanoparticle distribution.
Resection of perihilar biliary schwannoma.

Abstract Introduction Schwannomas are usually benign nerve sheath tumors, which typically arise in the head, neck, spinal cord and extremities. Schwannoma of the biliary tract is an extremely rare finding. Patients generally lack symptoms and seek medical attention when tumor growth causes obstructive jaundice. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and resection is the treatment of choice. Methods A 54 year-old female with history of back and right labia minor melanoma for which she underwent complete excision and right inguinal lymph node dissection more than 10 years ago, was evaluated for new onset gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and found to have markedly abnormal liver enzymes. Imagining studies revealed intrahepatic ductal dilatation and a 5.2 cm mass in the porta hepatis that was not consistent with cholangiocarcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Multiple percutaneous biopsies of the mass failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. With a high clinical suspicion of metastatic melanoma and no other evident sites of disease, operative intervention was undertaken for diagnosis and definitive treatment. Results Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed initially, but access to the mass was difficult, given its location. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparotomy, with tumor excision, common bile duct resection and hepato-jejunostomy. Pathologic examination and analysis were consistent with cellular schwannoma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered uneventfully, and liver function studies returned to normal. Conclusion Schwannomas are uncommon tumors, which very rarely arise from the biliary tract and cause biliary obstruction. Exploration is indicated in order to establish the diagnosis and to render definitive treatment.
Autocrine/paracrine regulation of keratinocyte urokinase plasminogen activator through the TGF-α/EGF receptor

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) appears to be an important autocrine/paracrine regulator of keratinocyte function. Not only does TGF-alpha induce keratinocyte proliferation and migration in vitro, but it also has been detected in normal human epidermis and at elevated levels in hyperproliferative epidermis. In the present study we report that exogenous TGF-alpha increases urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in cultured human keratinocytes. Furthermore, in the absence of exogenous growth factors, the "basal" levels of uPA are decreased by an antagonist monoclonal antibody to the receptor shared by TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF). These results suggest that an endogenous factor serves as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of keratinocyte uPA. We hypothesize that activation of the TGF-alpha/EGF receptor may coordinately regulate the keratinocyte response to cutaneous wounding, which includes enhanced uPA expression, migration, and proliferation.
Ocean Optics Revisited

In 1991, Optics & Photonics News published a review article on ocean optics1 that discussed the field of ocean optical research. Many advances have occurred during the past five years. The emphasis of much of the work has also shifted from the deep clear ocean to the coastal environment. The present status and future directions of the field are discussed.
Anodic oxidation of GaInP2

Abstract Anodic films have been grown on GaInP 2 at a constant applied current density in phosphate solutions with pH 4, 7 and 10. XPS analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the anodic films formed in the solutions with pH 7 and 10 is non-uniform with In excess and corresponding Ga and P deficiency in outer layer. The anodic films formed in the solution with pH 4 had uniform composition, apparently due to preferential dissolution of In in this solution. The anodic films were stable when exposed to air for several weeks.
Study of birefringence character of injection‐ and compression‐molded polycarbonate and its interpretation

Birefringence development in molded polycarbonate is of great importance in the manufacture of optical discs. It is important in characterizing birefringence to realize that we are dealing not with a scalar but with the anisotropy of the refractive index tensor–and with the orientation and shape of the refractive index ellipsoid. This usually varies heterogeneously; i.e., point-to-point through the thickness of molded parts. We present here an experimental study of the shapes and orientations of refractive index ellipsoids in injection- and compression-molded polycarbonate parts. We consider the variations in ellipsoid character as a function of molding conditions such as injection rate and quench. In injection-molded parts, the refractive index ellipsoid is coaxial with the flow direction in the center of the parts, but varies with position in the direction of the mold walls. In some cases, the extinction angle reaches a maximum at the mold wall and in other cases, there is an intermediate maximum. In the central “flow-thickness” direction plane, the transverse axis of the refractive index ellipsoid is perpendicular to this plane. The birefringence (in principal axis coordinates) in the flow-thickness direction plane exhibits an intermediate maximum whose position and magnitude vary with molding conditions. In some cases, multiple maxima exist. In compression-molded parts, a principal axis is normal to the mold wall. The results are interpreted in terms of the Rheo-Optical Law using flow-induced orientation and residual stress mechanisms. If the contribution of the residual stress to the birefringence can be subtracted, we may compute biaxial orientation factors. We do this for a case that has low residual quench stresses.
Ll2 Al3Ti-based alloys with Al2Ti precipitates—I. Structure and stability of the precipitates

Abstract The Al 2 Ti-based phase commonly seen in Li 2 Al 3 Ti alloys has been studied in detail, using Fe- and Cr-modified single crystalline specimens. The formation of the phase was found to be temperature-dependent: in an in situ TEM heat treatment it was observed that the phase started to dissolve at about 750°C, and is mostly dissolved by 1000°C. The volume fraction of the phase increases with Ti content, but the composition of the phase is largely controlled by the overall Al/Fe ratio. Based on two-surface trace analysis it was determined that Al 2 Ti forms as platelets on the cube planes of the Li 2 matrix. X-ray powder diffraction and computer simulation of the X-ray spectra revealed that it has a tetragonal structure of the Ga 2 Hf type, the same as that of binary Al 2 Ti. Due to the presence of ternary elements the lattice parameters of the phase are changed such that it can form coherently on the cube planes of the Li 2 matrix. Special crystallographic orientation relations exist between the two phases: (100) p //(100) m and (010) p //(010) m , where m and p mean “matrix” and “precipitate”, respectively. It was observed using TEM that the precipitates act as strong barriers for dislocation motion on octahedral slip planes in the matrix.
Zuivel en acne vulgaris bij jong-volwassenen

Vraagstelling De huidige behandeling bij acne vulgaris is vooral gericht op symptoombestrijding. Vaak willen patienten weten welk effect voeding heeft op de symptomen. De NHG-Standaard Acne (2007) concludeert dat het weinige onderzoek dat gedaan is geen samenhang aantoont tussen bepaalde voedingsmiddelen en acne.
A Nationwide Study of Group Work in Nursing Homes

In a nationwide study, the authors investigated the place of group work in skilled nursing facilities. A survey questionnaire focusing on: (a) educational, (b) support, and (c) therapy/counseling groups, was sent to the directors of social service departments. Results indicated that the majority of the 304 respondents offered each type of group. The majority of facilities also held educational and support groups for family members, but only two-fifths offered therapy or counseling groups. The findings showed that across all types of groups, social service staff (60% of whom had a social work degree) were the most likely facilitators. Professional and environmental issues, along with other group factors relating to residents and their families are addressed. Implications for practice and research conclude this study.
Globally Asymptotic and Locally Exponential Tracking Observer/Controller for a Relatively Large Class of Systems with Hysteresis

In this work, we present an observer and controller for a class of plants with a relatively large class of hysteresis. For these considered classes of hysteretic systems, we propose and present an observer/controller that estimates or observes the hysteresis state and drives the position tracking error to zero. We prove that the combined tracking error and observer errors converge to zero both globally asymptotically and locally exponentially.
Gender differences in rent sharing and its implications for the gender wage gap, evidence from Sweden

Abstract This study, using matched employer–employee data, analyses gender differences in rent sharing. Results indicate significantly smaller remuneration from firm profits for women, a difference that increases along the wage distribution. Gender differences in rent sharing explain less than 2% of mean gender wage differentials as differences are found in remuneration from firm profit and not in the mean profit levels of employing firms.
Pathology of human intestinal transplantation

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal transplantation is a developing therapeutic option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure or short bowel syndrome. The aim of this study was to delineate the histopathology of human intestinal allografts and to define the features of intestinal rejection. METHODS: The histological features of 3015 endoscopic biopsy specimens and 23 allograft specimens from 62 intestinal recipients were analyzed retrospectively and correlated with clinical findings. RESULTS: Acute allograft rejection was characterized by a varying combination of crypt injury, mucosal infiltration primarily by mononuclear cells (including blastic lymphocytes), and increased crypt cell apoptosis (more than 2 per 10 crypts). It represented a patchy, often ileal-centered process that could progress to mucosal ulceration; later episodes (more than 100 days posttransplant) tended to show lesser cellular infiltration and greater apoptosis than earlier episodes. Correlation with clinical rejection was good (false-positive rate of 9%; false-negative rate of 26%). Two resected specimens showed obliterative arteriopathy indicative of chronic rejection. In other specimens, preservation injury, cytomegalovirus infection, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and nonspecific features of active or past mucosal injury could be recognized. CONCLUSIONS: Mucosal biopsy specimens are a useful means of monitoring intestinal allografts. Based on features validated by clinical correlation, acute rejection can be identified reliably and can be differentiated from the other pathological processes affecting the intestinal allograft. (Gastroenterology 1996 Jun;110(6):1820-34)
Abstract 3703: Chemopreventive efficacy of vandetanib, a multikinase inhibitor, in a primary respiratory tract epithelial cell transformation assay

Targeted therapies by means of compounds that inhibit multiple target molecules represent a new perspective in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Vandetanib (Zactima™) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) receptor tyrosine kinase that also demonstrates activity against EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and RET (rearranged during transfection) tyrosine kinases. As there are indications of Vandetanib being effective in advanced NSLC patients for disease free survival, we have tested Vandetanib for efficacy in a primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cell transformation model, which was originally developed for identifying potential chemopreventive agents belonging to different chemical classes/biological activity. RTE cells were treated with B[a]P alone or with five nontoxic concentrations of Vandetanib and the resulting foci at the end of 30 days were scored for inhibition of transformation. In addition, the effect on mechanistic biomarkers at different stages of RTE cell transformation was tested. The results indicated that Vandetanib at half-log concentrations ranging from 0.003 – 0.3 μM, elicited an excellent dose-related inhibition of transformation (75-93%) compared to B[a]P group. There was also a 2-fold induction of apoptosis at 0.3 μM, and it inhibited survivin, a late stage biomarker, at all concentrations by 18-28%. Remarkably, a significant dose-dependent inhibition (39- 93%) of phosphorylated tyrosine kinase activity was also observed in Vandetanib-treated groups compared to B[a]P group. In conclusion, the data shows that there is a very good correlation between the inhibition of B[a]P-induced transformation and corresponding inhibition of activated tyrosine kinase and other biomarkers. Based on this data, animal studies are planned to develop this drug for lung cancer prevention by administering it directly to the lungs (Supported by NCI #N01-CN-43301). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3703
Numerical simulation of tin solidification under the influence of natural convection in a thick walled annular crucible

Abstract The freezing of pure tin in a thick-walled annular crucible under the influence of laminar thermal bouyancy and thermocapillary convection is numerically investigated. The problem analyzed is conjugate and incorporates both a free surface and moving phase front. A two-dimensional dynamic model is implemented using a previously proposed fixed-grid enthalpy based formulation in which the coupled momentum and energy equations are solved in their primitive variable form. The problem examined here includes important extensions to problems formerly used for verification of this method. Good agreement exists between numerically predicted solidification fronts and those experimentally determined by prior investigators.
Possible involvement of protein kinases in physical dependence on opioids: studies using protein kinase inhibitors, H-7 and H-8

Effects of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7 (1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine) and a cAMP-and cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, H-8 (N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide), on the behavioral signs of naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist)-precipitated withdrawal syndrome and effects of H-7 on the change of protein kinase C activity in the pons/medulla region induced by morphine (a μ-opioid receptor agonist) or butorphanol (a μ/δ/κ mixed opioid receptor agonist) were investigated in this study. Rats were intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) infused with morphine (26 nmol/μl/h) or butorphanol (26 nmol/μl/h) through osmotic minipumps for 3 days. In some groups, either saline or drug-treated groups were concomitantly infused with H-7 (1 and 10 nmol/μl/h) or H-8 (10 nmol/μl/h). The expression of physical dependence produced by morphine or butorphanol, as evaluated by naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.)-precipitated withdrawal signs, was reduced by concomitant infusion of H-7 or H-8. In the same condition, morphine and butorphanol chronic treatment enhanced (28.1% and 26.3% enhancement over the saline-treated group, respectively) cytosolic protein kinase C activity in the pons/medulla, but not in the membrane fraction. Furthermore, concomitant infusion of H-7 inhibited the enhancement of protein kinase C activity. These results indicate that various types of protein kinases may play an important role in the development and/or expression of physical dependence on opioids. Among them, the enhancement of cytosolic protein kinase C activity in the pons/medulla region seems to be one of the major underlying mechanisms in opioid physical dependence.
The bovine papilloma virus E1 protein has ATPase activity essential to viral DNA replication and efficient transformation in cells.

Abstract The bovine papilloma virus (BPV) E1 protein essential to viral DNA replication has recently been shown to associate via direct protein DNA interactions with the viral origin of replication and to be an ATP-dependent helicase. We show here that in accordance with the latter function, the E1 gene product has intrinsic ATPase activity. Mutations placed throughout the nucleotide binding consensus element abolish the ATPase activity of E1 and render BPV genomes harboring such mutations defective for episomal replication and impaired for oncogenic transformation.
Bridging Gaps in Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Care: Nursing Coordination and Case Management

Patients with advanced head and neck cancer face not only a life-threatening malignancy, but also a remarkably complex treatment regimen that can affect their cosmetic appearance and ability to speak, breathe, and swallow. These patients benefit from the coordinated interaction of a multidisciplinary team of specialists and a comprehensive plan of care to address their physical and psychosocial concerns, manage treatment-related toxicities, and prevent or limit long-term morbidities affecting health-related quality of life. Although little has been published on patient-provider communication with a multidisciplinary team, evidence has suggested that gaps often occur in communication between patients and providers, as well as between specialists. These communication gaps can hinder the multidisciplinary group from working toward common patient-centered goals in a coordinated "interdisciplinary" manner. We discuss the role of a head-and-neck oncology nurse coordinator at a single institution in bridging gaps across the continuum of care, promoting an interdisciplinary team approach, and enhancing the overall quality of patient-centered head-and-neck cancer care.
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol in human brain.

The covariance between blood and brain alcohol levels and subjective reports of mood were examined in 6 healthy adult men after consumption of 0.7 g/kg of beverage alcohol. There was significant (p<0.01) temporal concordance between ascending and peak blood alcohol levels and regional brain alcohol levels as measured by in vivo proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) when N-acetyl aspartate (N-AA) concentration was used as an internal standard. The frequency of reports of both euphoria and dysphoria also paralleled the ascending limb of the blood and brain alcohol curve. However, peak blood alcohol levels were higher (125.67 ± 10.91 mg/dl) and earlier (35 min postdrinking) than peak brain alcohol levels (26.25 ± 6.38 mg/dl) detected 50 min after alcohol intake. This difference in brain and blood alcohol levels appears to be associated with the echo time (TE) parameters of the MRS. A decrease in TE from 270 msec to 50 msec resulted in a marked increase in brain alcohol detectability. MRS measures will permit analysis of regional differences in brain alcohol concentrations and covariance with behavioral, neurophysiologic and neuroendocrine concomitants of acute alcohol intoxication in man.
Dispersion in femtosecond entangled two-photon interference

We theoretically investigate the quantum interference of entangled two-photon states generated in a nonlinear crystal pumped by femtosecond optical pulses. Interference patterns generated by the polarization analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer are studied. Attention is devoted to the effects of the pump-pulse profile (pulse duration and chirp) and the second-order dispersion in both the nonlinear crystal and the interferometer's optical elements. Dispersion causes the interference pattern to have an asymmetric shape. Dispersion cancellation occurs in some cases.
Employee Expertises The Status of the Theory and the Literature

Employee expertise has emerged as one of the key concepts of the human performance profession. Yet the research base of the concept is incomplete. Despite a spate of publications on the subject and frequent use of the term, our understanding of the antecedents, processes, and consequences of employee expertise is limited. Awareness of these limitations is important to professionals who are intent on developing work place expertise. To the scholar, these limitations offer opportunities for further investigation and research. To increase the level of understanding of this important concept and to guide further scholarly inquiry, the author summarizes and critically reviews the status of the research literature on expertise: its definitions, methodological approaches, theories, substantive research findings, and issues surrounding the development of expertise. The author concludes by proposing an agenda for future research and theory development.
Self-esteem in special education children with ADHD: relationship to disorder characteristics and medication use.

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe the level of self-esteem among the study population, to examine how self-esteem ratings may vary by disorder characteristics and medication use, and to identify predictors of low self-esteem while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Method In a school district-wide sample of children in special education programs, the authors assessed self-esteem with the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale among 143 students at high risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the school year 1995, with an interview participation rate of 73%. Disorder characteristics and medication use were assessed using multiple informants and standardized measures. Results Self-esteem scores, on average, were in the normal range. However, across ADHD comorbidity profiles, children with ADHD and internalizing symptoms had significantly lower self-esteem scores, especially in the areas of anxiety and popularity, than children with ADHD alone or those with comorbid disruptive behavior disorders. Independent predictors of lower self-esteem were being white, high functional impairment, and comorbid internalizing conditions, but not medication use. Conclusions Findings suggest that interventions for ADHD should be culturally sensitive as well as aimed at improving a child's functional level and associated internalizing symptoms. Medication use among this younger patient group was not related to self-esteem scores.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Modulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Migration

Abstract Various peptide growth factors have been found to regulate epithelial cell function within the mucosal epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) was found to stimulate intestinal epithelial cell proliferation: 2.5-fold in the non-transformed rat small intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 and 1.9-fold in the human colon cancer-derived HT-29 cell line. In addition, HGF/SF enhanced epithelial cell restitution, the initial step involved in gastrointestinal wound healing, in an in vitro model. Migration of IEC-6 in wounded monolayers was enhanced up to 7-fold. Enhancement of restitution by HGF could be completely abrogated by addition of immunoneutralizing anti-TGFβ1, indicating that this process is mediated through a TGFβ-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that HGF exerts functional effects on intestinal epithelial cell populations and may play a role in the morphogenesis tract and its remodeling following injury.
Incorporation of microstructural information into models of two-phase materials

A method for determining periodic microstructures that are statistically similar to more complex, random, two-phase microstructures is presented. The utility of the method is that finite element simulations can be carried out on representative unit cells that are directly obtained from microstructural observations. Numerical experiments with discontinuously reinforced composites are performed where the elastic behavior of periodic and random microstructures are compared. The results show that the complex microstructures and the corresponding periodic structures consistently display similar elastic behavior if the unit cell contains a large enough number of reinforcements.
Molecular properties of multiple forms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract 1. 1. Using methods of gel filtration, viscosity, sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium, the molecular weights of the two isoenzymes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (orthophosphate:oxaloacetate carboxylase (phosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.31) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been determined. Values ranged from 1.00·105–1.18·105 for the A conformer and 2.79·105–2.90·105 for the B conformer. 2. 2. On the basis of determination of the shape function constant, frictional coefficient and axial ratio, the A conformer appeared to possess a compact spherical type of conformation compared to a more elongated conformation for the B isoenzyme.
Variants of Kato's inequality and removable singularities

An inequality reminiscent of Kato’s inequality is presented. Motivated by this, we discuss some criteria to decide whether a singularity of the equation Δu=g in Ω/K comes from a Radon measure or not. As an application, we extend a lemma of H. Brezis and P. L. Lions on isolated singularities to the case where the singularity lies on a compact manifold.
Antimycobacterial agents. 1. Thio analogues of purine.

Thio analogues of purine, pyridine, and pyrimidine were prepared based on the initial activity screening of several analogues of these heterocycles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Certain 6-thio-substituted purine analogues described herein showed moderate to good inhibitory activity. In particular, two purine analogues 9-(ethylcarboxymethyl)-6-(decylthio)-9H-purine (20) and 9-(ethylcarboxymethyl)-6-(dodecylthio)-9H-purine (21) exhibited MIC values of 1.56 and 0.78 μg/mL respectively against the Mtb H37Rv strain. N9-Substitution apparently enhances the antimycobacterial activity in the purine series described herein.
Resisting Agamben: The biopolitics of shame and humiliation

In Remnants of Auschwitz, Giorgio Agamben argues that the hidden structure of subjectivity is shame. In shame, I am consigned to something that cannot be assumed, such that the very thing that make...
Historical Perspectives on Protein Phosphorylation and a Classification System for Protein Kinases

Work on the phosphorylation of proteins as a dynamic process involved in the regulation of biological processes started in the 1950s with the finding that phosphorylase a and phosphorylase b are phospho and dephospho forms of the same enzyme. The field expanded sharply in the late 1960s with the discovery of the cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, and it is now clear that phosphorylation-dephosphorylation constitutes a major type of regulation almost as common as allosteric control. The protein kinases, which catalyse the phosphorylation step in various phosphorylation-dephosphorylation systems, can be divided into two main classes, the serine-threonine protein kinases and the tyrosine protein kinases. Each class can be subdivided into groups or entities depending on the nature of the agent(s) that regulate activity.
Farm production diversity is associated with greater household dietary diversity in Malawi: Findings from nationally representative data

Abstract Farm production diversity has the potential to influence the diversity of household diets, an important nutrition outcome associated with the nutrient adequacy of diets and the nutritional status of individuals. Yet, little empirical research has assessed the relationship between farm diversity and diet diversity or the plausible causal mechanisms that may operate between these two constructs. This research examines cross-sectional data from the Malawi Third Integrated Household Survey (IHS3), a nationally representative sample of farming households in Malawi, implemented from March 2010–March 2011 as part of the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). These data were used to determine the relationship between farm production diversity and household dietary diversity, and to identify determinants of this relationship. Two indicators of dietary diversity, a modified Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), and the Food Consumption Score (FCS), were calculated along with three indicators of farm production diversity including the Simpson’s Index, a metric accounting for both species richness and evenness. In multiple regression analyses, adjusting standard errors for the complex survey design of the IHS3 and controlling for the effects of several covariates on household dietary diversity, farm production diversity was consistently positively associated with dietary diversity ( P P = 0.008; FCS: P = 0.076). The positive association of farm diversity with dietary diversity was also greater in wealthier households ( P
Site Differentiation by Synchrotron Radiation Resonant Scattering: Case Study of BaZn2Ge2

Resonance scattering was applied for the first time to the class of solids with the AB2X2 stoichiometry. A few members of this family seem to violate the developed rules describing the structure−property relationship, and the source of ambiguity is often the experimental determination of the structure itself. As an example, the newly synthesized BaZn2Ge2 can in principle adopt either the ThCr2Si2 or the CaBe2Ge2 type structures, and conventional diffraction techniques do not allow discrimination between the two structure models. The resonance scattering method shows, however, that BaZn2Ge2 crystallizes in the ThCr2Si2 structure (tetragonal I4/mmm; a = 4.527(2) A c = 10.555(3) A, Z = 2), in agreement with theoretical analyses.
Postnatal maturational properties of rat parafascicular thalamic neurons recorded in vitro

Thalamic relay neurons have homogeneous, adult-like firing properties and similar morphology by 12 days postnatally (PN 12). Parafascicular (Pf) neurons have a different morphology compared with typical thalamic relay neurons, but the development of their electrophysiological properties is not well studied. Intracellular recordings in PN 12–50 Pf neurons revealed several heterogeneous firing patterns different from those in thalamic relay neurons. Two types of cells were identified: Type I cells displayed a fast afterhyperpolarization (AHP) followed by a large-amplitude, slow AHP; whereas Type II cells had only a fast AHP. These cell types had overlapping membrane properties but differences in excitability. Some properties of Pf neurons were adult-like by PN 12, but, unlike thalamic relay neurons, there were significant maturational changes thereafter, including decreased action potential (AP) duration, increased fast AHP amplitude and increased excitability. Pf neurons did not exhibit rhythmic bursting and generally lacked low-threshold spike (LTS) responses that characterize thalamic relay neurons. Pf neurons exhibited nonlinear I–V relationships, and only a third of the cells expressed the time and voltage-dependent hyperpolarization activated (Ih) current, which declined with age. These results indicate that the morphological differences between Pf neurons and typical thalamic relay neurons are paralleled by electrophysiological differences, and that Pf membrane properties change during postnatal development.
Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Sensitizes Vascular Endothelial Cells to Cytokine-initiated Cathepsin-dependent Apoptosis

In the presence of cycloheximide, tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1 initiates caspase activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), DNA degradation, and nuclear condensation and fragmentation characteristic of apoptotic cell death in human vascular endothelial cells (EC). Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by LY294002, but not inhibition of Akt by dominant-negative mutation, also sensitizes EC to cytokine-initiated apoptosis. Cytokine-initiated caspase activation is slower and comparatively less with LY294002 than with cycloheximide. Cycloheximide but not LY294002 decreases expression of c-FLIP (cellular FLICE inhibitory protein), an inhibitor of caspase-8 activation. The caspase inhibitor zVADfmk completely blocks caspase activation, DNA degradation, and nuclear fragmentation in both cases but only prevents loss of ΔΨ and cell death for cytokine plus cycloheximide treatment. In contrast, overexpression of Bcl-2 protects EC treated with cytokine plus LY294002 but not EC treated with cytokine plus cycloheximide. The cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074-Me prevents loss of ΔΨ, caspase activation, and cell death for EC treated with cytokine plus LY294002 but has no effect on EC treated with cytokine plus cycloheximide. Cathepsin B translocates from lysosomes to cytosol following treatment with LY294002 prior to the activation of caspases. These results suggest that inhibition of PI3K allows cytokines to activate a cathepsin-dependent, mitochondrial death pathway in which caspase activation is secondary, is not inhibited by c-FLIP, and is not essential for cell death.