cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LEUKÆMIA AND LYMPHOMA PATIENTS INTERLINKED BY PRIOR SOCIAL CONTACT

Abstract Patients with either leukaemia or lymphoma were asked if they had close personal associations with other patients before the onset of disease. Initial interviews indicated that several patients could be interlinked into social clusters. Tumour-registry records were used to contact each patient (or a surviving relative) diagnosed during the years 1964-73 in three areas of West Virginia. Close personal associations, antedating the onset of disease in 1 or both individuals of each linkage pair, were detected in 14 of 23 (61%), 14 of 22 (68%), and 6 of 8 (75%) patients from these three areas during this ten-year period. In addition, among 28 randomly selected patients with Hodgkin's disease from various parts of the United States, 10 (36%) had direct or indirect close personal associations with 17 other patients with leukaemia or lymphoma. Patients with leukaemia or lymphoma frequently are interlinked by prior close personal associations to other patients with these diseases.
Conjugate thermal transport in the channel of an extruder for non-newtonian fluids

Abstract A two-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model has been developed for non-Newtonian materials being processed in a single screw extruder. Employing finite difference numerical methods, the governing equations for the fluid and solid regions are salved separately and an iterative numerical procedure is used for matching these solutions at the boundaries of the different regions, such as the barrel, screw and fluid domains. The flow and thermal fields in the screw channel for the non-Newtonian fluid and the thermal fields in the barrel and the screw are obtained. It is found that heat conduction in the screw and in the barrel, particularly that in the latter, has a significant effect on the flow and on the thermal transport. The dependence of the process characteristics on the material properties, thermal boundary conditions, and on the dimensions of the extruder is determined, indicating the need to consider conjugate transport effects for a realistic and accurate modeling of the process. These effects must also be included in the design and control of the extruder system in order to obtain optimal heat transfer and desired product quality.
Application of laser photofragmentation-resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization to ion mobility spectrometry.

We demonstrate detection of nitro-containing compounds with laser photofragmentation (PF) coupled with resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). In PF-REMPI, a laser dissociates the parent molecules, producing fragments that can then be ionized by absorption of additional laser photons. The production of these ions strongly depends on the wavelength of laser light, with ion yields corresponding to the absorption spectrum of the fragments [nitric oxide (NO) in the present case]. Combining IMS with PF-REMPI provides further specificity, separating ions according to their mobilities through an atmospheric-pressure drift tube. In this work, we use a pulsed UV laser to examine the characteristics of atmospheric-pressure PF-REMPI, the chemistry occurring in the ionization region and drift tube, and the viability of detecting ions created by both resonance-enhanced and nonresonant ionization. Probing NO in a helium-nitrogen bath, we demonstrate that the detection of ions displays single-shot response to changes in ion generation, with an ion extraction-to-collection efficiency of ~12%. We then evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PF-REMPI/IMS as applied to the detection of both the explosive surrogate 2, 4-dinitrotoluene and the nuisance compound nitrobenzene.
Some further comments on the DNA-protein coding problem

A notion of quasi-ergodicity is defined in free monoids, generalizing a notion introduced in a previous paper (Rosen, 1959,Bull. Math. Biophysics,21, 71–95). It is shown that under certain conditions the algebraic properties of quasi-ergodicity are very similar to those derived for the more specialized concept inloc. cit. If it is assumed that the DNA-protein coding processes in nature are of a quasi-ergodic nature, then a condition is specified under which only a finite number of different DNA-protein codes are possible, and an upper bound for the total number of different quasi-ergodic codes is obtained.
A submarine-fan valley-levee complex in the Upper Cretaceous Rosario Formation: Implication for turbidite facies models

Outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous Rosario Formation along Arroyo San Fernando, Baja California Norte, Mexico, expose a continuous cross-sectional view through a submarine-fan valley-levee complex that is similar in scale to many modern submarine-fan valleys. This unusually complete exposure provides an opportunity to compare an ancient turbidite sequence with modern submarine-fan systems and to test some aspects of submarine-fan facies models. The Arroyo San Fernando submarine-fan valley fill is 670 m thick and 5.5 to 7.5 km wide perpendicular to paleocurrent direction. The valley fill is bordered by >500-m thickness of levee deposits; these levees aggraded with the valley maintaining positive relief over the surface of the fan. The valley fill consists of coarse-grained channel deposits that alternate with fine-grained interchannel deposits. The channel deposits within the valley fill consist of both single (0.25-2 km wide and 10-50 m thick) and amalgamated (as much as 5 km wide and 45-210 m thick) channel deposits. The levee deposits that border the valley fill consist of interbedded sandstone and mudstone beds that are commonly slumped. These slumps slid both toward and away from the valley axis, indicating that slumping was due to positive relief and not solely to undercutting by channels within the valley. The valley system records an overall aggradation, with very little down-cutting of the valley floor or undercutting of the levee walls by channels. The Arroyo San Fernando submarine-fan valley has dimensions comparable to those of modern submarine-fan valleys. The channels within it are comparable in size to many inferred ancient submarine-fan valleys described in the literature and are the same size as channels within modern submarine-fan valleys. These data, together with facies relationships, may indicate that many ancient deep-marine deposits interpreted as submarine-fan valley fill only represent channels within a submarine-fan valley.
VIISta HCPt: High current productivity solution for flash devices

In this paper we introduce the VIISta HCPt: a powerful upgrade to the proven VIISta High Current platform that delivers higher productivity and DPY advantages for Flash device manufacturers. Multiple HCPt units are currently running in production. A new source technology, added beam modulation capability, and an innovative tuning algorithm are integrated to provide higher productivity in the higher energy range. The new source design generates more efficient plasma to achieve increased extraction currents without compromising source life. A new tuning algorithm enables better transmission through the beam-line. A quadrupole lens has also been added for vertical beam height control, enabling higher beam currents at equivalent or lower dose rates. In addition to discussing the new innovative optical components, data on beam current, source life, and dose rate modulation are presented.
Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Nitrate in Ophthalmic Frames

(1959). Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Nitrate in Ophthalmic Frames. Clinical and Experimental Optometry: Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 489-490.
Potential benefits of resistance exercise training on nutritional status in renal failure

Resistance or strength exercise training may help reverse the malnutrition common among patients in chronic renal failure and delay the progression of renal disease. Resistance training is characterized by resisting, lifting, and lowering weights. It results in muscle mass accretion, improved physical function, and slowed progression of muscle wasting. Resistance exercise training for a period of 8 to 12 weeks results in significant increases in muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle function in frail "healthy" elderly individuals as well as in specific patient populations. States of malnutrition leading to muscle wasting directly affect lean tissue mass and functional capacity. Even at dietary protein intake below the Recommended Dietary Allowances, resistance training appears to exert an anabolic effect by improving energy intake and protein use allowing nitrogen retention. The potential benefits of resistance exercise extend beyond this direct impact on protein metabolism. They include improvements in functional capacity such as gait, balance, mobility, strength, exercise tolerance, improved glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and self-efficacy and self-esteem. Currently, the effects of resistance exercise in renal patients are unknown, although they are well shown in the case of other diseases. The potential benefits that resistance exercise training may have on muscle mass and function, nutritional status, hyperglycemia, disease progression, and the overall mental well-being of renal patients deserve further investigation. As an adjunct to current treatment modalities for chronic renal failure, resistance exercise may serve as a cost-effective, interdisciplinary, noninvasive approach to counteract malnutrition and improve the quality of life.
The Boulder Beach: A Fundamentally Distinct Sedimentary Assemblage

Abstract Five boulder beaches located along the coast of New South Wales, Australia, were examined in order to determine if beaches composed of boulders differ in basic sedimentological structure and behavior from beaches composed of cobbles or pebbles. Each beach is aligned obliquely to the approaching waves and is composed of locally derived sediment. Investigation of beach-particle size, morphology, and roundness, along with foreshore slope, reveals consistent up-beach particle fining, positive size skewness, absence of shape zoning, absence of sphericity grading, and low foreshore slope. These characteristics of the five studied boulder beaches contrast markedly with the known characteristics of beaches composed of finer sediment, which suggests that boulders appear to form fundamentally distinct coastal sedimentary assemblages.
Comparison of the redundancy, reliability, and responsiveness to change among SF-36, Oswestry Disability Index, and Multidimensional Pain Inventory.

Objective: To compare the Medical Outcomes Trust Short-Form-36 (SF-36), the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) measures on internal consistency, domain overlap, and responsiveness in detecting changes following multidisciplinary pain treatment. Methods: 424 patients with chronic pain referred to a multidisciplinary pain center were assessed. Of these, 87 patients were assessed prior to and following treatment. Cronbach's alphas were calculated for each SF-36 and MPI domain, and for the ODI. Canonical correlation and regression analyses (R 2 ) described overlap. Responsiveness to change was computed from treatment effect size and significance. Results: Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.69-0.92 for MPI domains, from 0.79-0.91 for SF-36 domains, and was 0.86 for the ODI. Three domains overlapped but several were unique (eg, the MPI significant other domains; R 2 range 0.03-0.16). Significant changes following treatment were observed for the MPI Pain Severity, Interference and Outdoor Work Activities, the SF-36 Physical and Social Functioning, Bodily Pain, and the ODI. Conclusion: The MPI, SF-36, and ODI each have good psychometric properties. Three domains overlapped between the MPI and the SF-36: pain, Interference/Social functioning, and mental health. The MPI and the SF-36 each contributed unique domains such as the SF-36 General Health and Vitality domains and the MPI significant other and physical activity domains. Several of the MPI domains were among the most sensitive to change. Because of its large normative sample and samples of patients with diverse medical disorders, the SF-36 may be particularly useful to compare chronic pain patients to those with other medical conditions. The ODI has the lowest respondent burden. The MPI and SF-36, although containing much overlapping information, both make unique and complementary contributions to assessing patients with chronic pain.
An integral equation approach to self-similar plane-elastodynamic crack problems

The elastodynamic problem of an expanding crack under homogeneous polynomialform loading was reduced to the solution of a Cauchy singular integral equation. In this manner the solution of the original problem can be obtained by using well-known numerical treatments available for Cauchy SIEs. The procedure was accomplished by means of the Busemann-Chaplygin similarity technique and complex variable methods. The analysis has been restricted to the subsonic case.
Analysis of the set of trajectories of nonlinear dynamics: Stability and boundedness of motions

For a set of differential equations with the Hukuhara derivative, we obtain sufficient conditions for various types of boundedness of trajectories and stability of the set of stationary solutions. To this end, we use scalar and vector Lyapunov functions constructed on the basis of an auxiliary matrix-valued function.
A microprocessor-based, vehicle lateral controller

A velocity-adaptive lateral controller was designed to meet requirements pertaining to lateralposition tracking accuracy, ride comfort, and an insensitivity to both changes in critical vehicle parameters and disturbance forces. This controller was implemented using a 16-bit microcomputer (which was based on an Intel 8086 microprocessor) and installed in a dual-mode test vehicle. The controller/vehicle combination was evaluated under field conditions at the Transportation Research Center of Ohio. A wire-follower configuration was employed to provide both a lateral reference and a lateral position error (ΔS f ). The vehicle was automatically steered on straight sections of roadway at speeds up to 35.8 m/s, and small-radius (100-m) curves were traversed at speeds up to 17.9 m/s. Excellent lateral control -- close tracking (|ΔS f | RMS < 0.2 m/s2), and a good insensitivity to disturbance forces-- resulted. The selected control algorithm, which involved an inverse compensation stage for velocity-independent performance and a lead/lag stage for both good tracking and ride comfort, was realized using some 10 percent of the available computation time. Thus, the microcomputer could also be employed for such tasks as vital function monitoring (e.g., oil pressure, alternator output and engine temperature), and serve as a source of intelligence on-board the vehicle. The latter could be especially important in reducing the response time to various emergencies.
Biogenesis and Transport of Secretory Granules to Release Site in Neuroendocrine Cells

Biogenesis and post-Golgi transport of peptidergic secretory granules to the release site are crucial for secretion of neuropeptides from neuroendocrine cells. Recent studies have uncovered multilevel molecular mechanisms for the regulation of secretory granule biogenesis. Insulinoma-associated protein 2 (ICA512/IA-2), polypyrimidine-tract binding protein, and chromogranin A have been identified to regulate secretory granule biogenesis at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels, respectively, by increasing granule protein levels, which in turn drives granule formation after stimulation. Post-Golgi transport of secretory granules is microtubule-based and mediated by transmembrane carboxypeptidase E (CPE). The cytoplasmic tail of CPE anchors secretory granules to the microtubule motors, kinesin-2 and -3, or dynein, via interaction with the adaptor, dynactin, to mediate anterograde and retrograde transport, respectively.
Discovery and design of nuclear fuels

To facilitate the discovery and design of innovative nuclear fuels, multi-scale models and simulations are used to predict irradiation effects on properties such as thermal conductivity, oxygen diffusivity, and thermal expansion. The multi-scale approach is illustrated using results on ceramic fuels, with a focus on predictions of point defect concentration, stoichiometry, and phase stability. The high performance computer simulations include coupled heat transport, diffusion, and thermal expansion, and gas bubble formation and evolution in a fuel element consisting of UO2 fuel and metallic cladding. The second part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of an international strategy for developing advanced, innovative nuclear fuels. Four initiatives are proposed to accelerate the discovery and design of new materials: (a) Create Institutes for Materials Discovery and Design, (b) Create an International Knowledgebase for experimental data, models (mathematical expressions), and simulations (codes), (c) Improve education and (d) Set up international collaborations.
Competitive adsorption of vocs and bom-oxic and anoxic environments

Abstract The effect of the presence of molecular oxygen on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in distilled Milli-Q water and in water supplemented with background organic matter (BOM) is evaluated. Experiments are conducted under conditions where molecular oxygen is present in the test environment (oxic adsorption), and where oxygen is absent from the test environment (anoxic adsorption). Adsorption isotherms for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in Milli-Q water showed no impact of the presence of oxygen on their adsorption behavior, while adsorption isotherms for cis-1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) showed higher capacities under oxic conditions. VOC adsorption isotherms in BOM are conducted for three initial concentration sets of VOCs and two initial concentration sets of BOM. VOC isotherms collected under oxic and anoxic conditions in water supplemented with BOM showed that by keeping the initial concentration ratio of VOCs to BOM constant, the adsorption behavior of the VOC is very similar. VOC isotherms in BOM conducted under oxic conditions generally showed lower capacities than the anoxic isotherms. The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) successfully predicted the VOCs anoxic adsorption isotherms in BOM. However, the IAST model did not predict the VOCs oxic adsorption isotherms in BOM. Analysis of the data was conducted using the isotherm parameters of the VOCs in Milli-Q water, and correlation parameters using a four fictive component approach for the BOM. The poor agreement between experimental data and model predictions obtained for the oxic isotherms is attributed to the presence of molecular oxygen which promotes conglomeration of BOM on the surface of carbon.
Cross‐shift and chronic effects of stainless‐steel welding related to internal dosimetry of chromium and nickel

Ninety welders from a stainless-steel fabricating plant were studied by pulmonary function tests and serum and urine chromium and nickel levels, cross-sectionally, and 31 were compared across a Monday shift. They had welded for a mean of 11 years, mean age was 44 years, and mean smoking duration was 20 years in 62 current smokers. Baseline spirometric tests were significantly reduced: FVC to 95.4 mean percentage of predicted (pop), FEV1 to 94.5 pop, FEF25-75 to 85.9 pop, and FEFR75-85 to 74.8 pop. Current smokers had greater reductions in flow rates and FVC than nonsmokers even after adjustment of their predicted values for the effects of duration of smoking. Neither alveolar volume at 104.3 pop nor diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (single breath) at 98.5 pop was reduced. There were no significant changes in pulmonary function measurements across a Monday workshift in 31 welders, but in seven men who welded stainless steel, levels of serum chromium (Cr) rose 66% from 1.9 +/- 2.1 micrograms/liter and urinary Cr increased 22%. Serum nickel levels rose only 7%, although they were elevated before shift, 1.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/liter (compared with 0.21 +/- 0.20 micrograms/liter in controls), and urinary nickel levels did not increase. Eleven years of welding had reduced vital capacities and expiratory flows. Monday stainless-steel welding raised the serum and urine chromium levels (measures of internal dosimetry for exposure) but did not decrease pulmonary function values.
The history and evolution of sutures in pelvic surgery

The purpose of the study is to review the history and innovations of sutures used in pelvic surgery. Based on a review of the literature using electronic- and hand-searched databases we identified appropriate articles and gynaecology surgical textbooks regarding suture for wound closure. The first documented uses of suture are explored and then the article focuses on the use of knotted materials in pelvic surgery. The development of suture of natural materials is followed chronologically until the present time where synthetic suture is implanted during countless surgeries every day. This millennial history of suture contains an appreciation of the early work of Susruta, Celsus, Pare and Lister, including a survey of some significant developments of suture methods over the last 100 years. Most surgeons know little about the history and science of sutures. A retrospective view of suture is critical to the appreciation of the current work and development of this common tool.
Structure of Arabidopsis thaliana At1g77540 protein, a minimal acetyltransferase from the COG2388 family.

We describe X-ray crystal and NMR solution structures of the protein coded for by Arabidopsis thaliana gene At1g77540.1 (At1g77540). The crystal structure was determined to 1.15 A with an R factor ...
Correlation of Aspirin Excretion with Parameters from Different Dissolution Methods

The cumulative urinary excretion of four different aspirin products (two tablets, a capsule, and a timed-release tablet) was determined in a crossover study using five subjects. Comparison of in vivo results showed a significant difference in cumulative urinary excretion levels at only 1 hr. The excretion from the two regular tablets was significantly different from the timed-release tablet, but the capsule showed no significant difference from the other three products. Each product was tested in the USP, Levy beaker, and the regular and large magnetic basket dissolution apparatus. Analysis of variance of the in vitro results showed a significant difference between the aspirin products and the dissolution methods at selected times. In vitro comparison with in vivo results for the four products showed that a regression analysis can be used to determined which dissolution methods produce a significant correlation with urinary excretion.
La libertad de la ciudad

David Harvey explora aqui la relacion existente entre el problema de la reubicacion del excedente de capital y las transformaciones del espacio urbano a una escala cada vez mayor. En este articulo, escrito antes de que fuera declarada la crisis economica mundial, Harvey ofrece un analisis espacial que anticipa dicha crisis y analiza las consecuencias que la continuidad del modelo economico vigente tendra para el futuro de la vida urbana.
It is Time to Teach Creativity throughout the Marketing Curriculum

This article presents an overview of the major concepts relating to creativity, which marketing educators will need to consult as they prepare to include the instruction of creativity formally within the curriculum. The overview is presented through discussions of both psychological constructs of creativity relating to the individual and organizational constructs with their accompanying managerial implications. Individual and group implications of creativity are considered in conjunction with marketing pedagogy. A plea is made to distribute education in creativity throughout the marketing curriculum wherever this is feasible.
Between two cultures: identity, roles, and health.

Population shifts and migration are increasing worldwide, and with it there is a renewed interest in maintaining uniqueness and cultural heritage. Immigrants are constantly attempting to balance the values of their cultural heritage with those of the new host society. To deal with immigrant women's health‐care needs, scientists from the host country need to understand the delicate interplay between several dynamic properties inherent in being a woman and an immigrant and to develop ways to describe the health‐care needs and responses mat are congruent with the properties of immigrant women's situations. Properties selected for this article are uniqueness versus stereotyping, permanence versus temporariness, and host‐country values versus country‐of‐origin values. Appropriate methods of research discussed are involvement, lived experiences, and satisfaction and stress in roles. Proposed agendas for future study of immigrant women include identifying high‐risk populations among immigrant women and developin...
Diagnosed by PET

This is a 41-year-old male who presents with a left lateral neck mass. Biopsy shows metastatic non-small cell carcinoma. CT scan of the neck and nasopharynx shows an enlarged left lower internal jugular chain node and soft tissue fullness in the left pyriform.
Age-stratified QTL genome scan analyses for anthropometric measures.

With the availability of longitudinal data, age-specific (stratified) or age-adjusted genetic analyses have the potential to localize different putative trait influencing loci. If age does not influence the locus-specific penetrance function within the range examined, age-stratified analyses will tend to yield comparable results for an individual trait. However, age-stratified results should vary across age strata when the locus-specific penetrance function is age dependent. In this paper, age-stratified and age-adjusted quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analyses were contrasted for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and systolic blood pressure on a subset of the Framingham Heart Study. The strata comprised individuals with data present in each of three age groups: 31–49, 50–60, 61–79. Genome-wide QTL analyses were performed using SOLAR. Over all ages, a linkage signal for height was detected on chromosome 14q11.2 near marker GATA74E02A (LOD for ages 31–49 = 2.38, LOD for ages 50–60 = 1.84, LOD for ages 61–79 = 2.45). Evidence of linkage to BMI in the 31–49 age group was found on chromosome 3q22 (GATA3C02, LOD = 2.89, p = 0.0003) at the same location as the signal for weight (LOD = 3.10, p = 0.0002). Linkage was also supported on chromosome 1p22.1 for BMI (LOD = 2.21, p = 0.0014) and weight (LOD = 2.47, p = 0.0007) in the 31–49 age group. Our age-stratified results suggest that QTL that are expressed over long periods of time and affecting multiple, correlated traits may be identified using genome scan and variance-component methodology to help detect early and/or late gene expression.
The chemistry of certain imines related to the diterpene alkaloids

Aconitum- und Delphinium-Alkaloide gehen teilweise ungewohnliche chemische Reaktionen ein, deren Ursache in der polycyclischen Struktur, im besonderen in deren hohem Grad von Bruckenbildungen zu suchen ist. Einige dieser Reaktionen, speziell solche der Imine und Imminiumsalze der Diterpenalkaloide Atisin und Veatchin werden diskutiert.
Neurotrophic Factors and Parkinson’s Disease: The Emergence of a New Player?

The administration of neurotrophic factors is a potential approach to the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. However, issues relating to compound delivery and potential side effects have limited the clinical application of this treatment strategy. The identification of CDNF and MANF, which constitute a new class of neurotrophic factors active against dopaminergic neurons, may provide new hope for therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative disorders based on neurotrophic factors or downstream components of their signaling pathways.
Sequential optimisation without state space exploration

We propose an algorithm for area optimization of sequential circuits through redundancy removal. The algorithm finds compatible redundancies by implying values over nets in the circuit. The potentially exponential cost of state space traversal is avoided and the redundancies found can all be removed at once. The optimized circuit is a safe delayed replacement of the original circuit. The algorithm computes a set of compatible sequential redundancies and simplifies the circuit by propagating them through the circuit. We demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm even for large circuits through experimental results on benchmark circuits.
The fully Sinc‐Galerkin method for time‐dependent boundary conditions

The fully Sinc-Galerkin method is developed for a family of complex-valued partial differential equations with time-dependent boundary conditions. The Sinc-Galerkin discrete system is formulated and represented by a Kronecker product form of those equations. The numerical solution is efficiently calculated and the method exhibits an exponential convergence rate. Several examples, some with a real-valued solution and some with a complex-valued solution, are used to demonstrate the performance of this method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
Measurement of management efforts with respect to integration of quality, safety, and ergonomics issues in manufacturing industry

The main objective of this study was to identify critical factors that measure management efforts with regard to quality, safety, and ergonomics issues for their simultaneous improvement. Eleven identified management activity areas have been synthesized from the literature as the most important areas that meet all stakeholders' needs. Factors were then developed to measure the efficiency of these activities through a questionnaire. The overall response rate of the survey questionnaire was 47%. The reliability coefficients ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 indicated that some scales or management activity areas are more reliable in measuring potential for improvements in terms of quality, ergonomics, safety, and efficiency. The proposed instrument for quantifying management efforts with respect to simultaneous improvements in the areas of quality, ergonomics, and safety was found to be valid and reliable. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 213–232, 2005.
Development of a low-frequency quantum-based AC Power Standard at NRC Canada

A development of a new low-frequency quantum- based AC Power Standard at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is described in the paper. It uses programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) for providing AC voltage with quantum accuracy, highly stable magnetic devices such as voltage and current transformers for scaling output signals to low levels, and digital sampling for comparison of low-level output signal replicas with the PJVS output.
Education, Religion, and Anthropology in Africa

Taking as its starting point classic accounts of native education and culture contact, this article reviews key trends and orientations that have shaped the anthropological study of education and religion in Africa. It identifies three frames that capture the development of research chronologically from the 1930s onward: (a) a functionalist focus on Christian-inflected adaptive education; (b) applied and sociohistorical emphases on education as, respectively, an engine for driving secular change and a medium through which to shape new ritualized practices and religious beliefs; and (c) a more recent concentration on youth education as a key site for analyzing politicized religious identity and youths' radicalization. I argue that this trajectory of research foregrounds two phenomena that anthropology also underanalyzes: first, the close association of religious missions with the development of today's highly secularized yet religiously inflected regional and global institutions that support educational pr...
Canonical representations of chain events

So far studies of canonical representations for regular events have essentially been restricted to definite events. In this paper two additional classes of events, namely normal and uniform chain events, are introduced for which unique canonical representations are shown to exist. Most of the algebraic properties of regular events required in this study are derived from a rather general system of postulates which also applies, e.g., to binary relations, Boolean matrices and their generalizations.
The First Ten Years of Public Key Cryptology

Public key cryptosystems separate the capacities for encryption and decryption so that (1) many people can encrypt messages in such a way that only one person can read them or (2) one person can encrypt messages in such a way that many people can read them. This separation allows important improvements in the management of cryptographic keys and makes it possible to ?>sign ?> a purely digital message. Public key cryptography was discovered in the spring of 1975 and has followed a surprising course. Although diverse systems were proposed early on, the ones that appear both practical and secure today are all very closely related and the search for new and different ones has met with little success. Despite this reliance on a limited mathematical foundation, public key cryptography is revolutionizing communication security by making possible secure communication networks with hundreds of thousands of subscribers. Equally important is the impact of public key cryptography on the theoretical side of communication security. It has given cryptographers a systematic means of addressing a broad range of security objectives and pointed the way toward a more theoretical approach that allows the development of cryptographic protocols with proven security characteristics.
Early intervention in HIV infection

Data about the virology and pathogenesis of HIV disease suggest that early therapeutic intervention, perhaps even before the CD4+ cell count has fallen substantially, would be a theoretically sound approach. A limited number of large clinical studies address early therapy with zidovudine. A European-Australian study, which enrolled patients with CD4+ cell counts of greater than 400 cells/μl, found a benefit of zidovudine therapy compared to placebo in delaying minor HIV manifestations and CD4+ cell loss after a 2-year follow-up period. The results of the Concorde study, which enrolled more than 1700 asymptomatic patients and followed them for an average of 3 years, have created controversy about the results of ACTG protocol 019, which had led to widespread zidovudine use for patients with CD4+ cells of less than 500/μl. Although there was a favorable change in CD4+ cell count in the Concorde study patients assigned to immediate zidovudine treatment compared with those assigned to deferred treatment, there...
Can linear minimum storage regenerating codes be universally secure

We study the problem of making a distributed storage system information-theoretically secure against a passive eavesdropper, and aim to characterize coding schemes that are universally secure for up to a given number of eavesdropped nodes. Specifically, we consider minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes and ask the following question: For an MSR code where a failed node is repaired using all the remaining nodes, is it possible to simultaneously be optimally secure using a single linear coding scheme? We define a pareto-optimality associated with this simultaneity and show that there exists at least one linear coding scheme that is pareto-optimal.
Wellness of Counselor Educators: Do We Practice What We Preach?

Wellness of counselor educators has remained relatively unexamined in the literature. Eleven counselor educators were interviewed to investigate the meaning of wellness to those in the profession as well as factors that affect counselor educator wellness. Phenomenological analysis of the interviews resulted in three themes (time, congruence, and professional supports). Implications for counselor educators and future research are discussed.
The HathiTrust Research Center Workset Ontology: A Descriptive Framework for Non-Consumptive Research Collections

The HathiTrust Digital Library (HTDL) is a digital library containing about 14 million volumes which comprise billions of pages of content. The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is a collaborative research initiative jointly led by Indiana University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This paper describes the development of a collections data model by the Workset Creation for Scholarly Analysis project, a HTRC research initiative funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The resulting HTRC Workset data model is designed to aid humanities scholars by helping them to describe selected portions of the HTDL corpus that serve as the objects of their research. The resulting worksets are persistent, citable, and can be assessed by other scholars for reuse in additional research processes.
Reactivation of a bovine herpesvirus after corticosteroid treatment.

SummaryConsistent recrudescence of IBR virus from latently infected cattle following a series of inoculations of a synthetic corticosteroid has been demonstrated. In addition IBR virus was frequently recovered from the tissues of the upper respiratory tract, and irregularly in a number of other organs by organ culture techniques. While IBR virus was recovered from all treated animals it was never recovered from nasal and conjunctival secretions of control animals or from treated animals until after 3 days of steroid inoculations and was recovered from tissues of only 1/9 untreated animals.We are grateful to Miss Susan Rodman and Mrs. Pamela Natowsky for their excellent technical assistance.
Creep in Polycrystalline Aluminum

This paper presents a study of creep in polycrystalline aluminum. The sample was deformed in a scanning electron microscope and local strain was measured by analyzing micrographs taken during the test. EBSP was used to examine grain curvature and recrystallization The results showed that tensile strain developed during the test. The strain was not constant but varied both spatially and with time. Significant grain boundary migration occurred during the test, and near a triple point a grain with a completely new orientation was formed.
Applied Nutrition Programmes in South East Asia

Applied Nutrition Programme have been essentially educational and demonstration endeavours, carried out in rural communities, with a designated objective of enhanced local production and consumption of nutritionally desirable foods in order to improve the nutritional status in a specific community.
How 9/11 Changed the Prosecution of Terrorism

September 11 impacted U.S. counterterrorism policy in several key areas, and through the end of 2008 it continues to do so. Policy changes implemented after the attack had a dramatic impact on how the federal government investigates and prosecutes those suspected of engaging in terrorism. Perhaps the most profound policy change occurred when the United States redirected its domestic antiterrorism policy from its earlier focus of infiltrating and beheading terrorist organizations to the more proactive goals of intercepting and disrupting terrorist groups before their members could successfully launch attacks. That change resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of cases the government prosecuted after 9/11. The shift also changed the types of cases the government prosecuted and, ostensibly, its success in gaining convictions.
Shared Gelsolin Antigenicity Between Familial Amyloidosis Finnish Type (FAF) and One form of Familial Lattice Corneal Dystrophy (LCD) with Polyneuropathy from the United States

Amyloid may involve the cornea in sporadic and familial forms of LCD, as Polymorphic Amyloid Degeneration (PAD), primary gelatinous drop-like dystrophy or, in rare cases, as part of systemic light chain deposition. LCD is prominent in Familial Amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF), clinical features of which have also been described in rare kindreds from the Netherlands, Denmark and the United States. Previous studies from our laboratories have found AP, but not AA, AL or prealbumin (transthyretin)-reactivity in cases of FAF, hereditary and sporadic LCD from the United States, and PAD examined immunohistologically and by Western Blot analysis of solubilized corneal proteins. Because we have now shown the FAF amyloid to be composed of a 12 kD internal fragment of plasma or cytoplasmic gelsolin, we sought to extend our previous observations using a rabbit antibody developed to the FAF subunit protein, and a commercially-available murine monoclonal antibody to plasma gelsolin. Anti-FAF reacted strongly in tissue section with amyloid deposits from Finnish patients in kidney and cornea, as well as with cornea, conjunctival and skin amyloid deposits from one previously described (Ophthalmology 9:1512, 1983) American case of Meretoja-type familial LCD. No reaction was obtained with cases of sporadic LCD (3), PAD (2) or drop dystrophy (1). The murine antibody, which is specific for a peptide that includes the carboxy terminal actin-binding site of gelsolin, also reacted with amyloid deposits in various tissues of FAF patients (Amer. J. Pathol. 136:1223-1228, 1990). Anti-gelsolin did not react with cases of AL, AA or prealbumin (TTr)-related amyloid in tissue section. It thus appears that sporadic LCD, PAD and drop dystrophy are antigenically distinct from FAF and at least one form of familial LCD; additional studies will be necessary to determine if the former are due to fibril formation involving other gelsolin epitopes, or are due to other amyloidogenic proteins.
The C2H2-ZF transcription factor Zfp335 recognizes two consensus motifs using separate zinc finger arrays

The complexities of DNA recognition by transcription factors (TFs) with multiple Cys2-His2 zinc fingers (C2H2-ZFs) remain poorly studied. We previously reported a mutation (R1092W) in the C2H2-ZF TF Zfp335 that led to selective loss of binding at a subset of targets, although the basis for this effect was unclear. We show that Zfp335 binds DNA and drives transcription via recognition of two distinct consensus motifs by separate ZF clusters and identify the specific motif interaction disrupted by R1092W. Our work presents Zfp335 as a model for understanding how C2H2-ZF TFs may use multiple recognition motifs to control gene expression.
Mr Micawber, Letter-Writing Manuals, and Charles Dickens’s Literary Professionals

Describing the class structure of mid-to-late nineteenth-century Britain, historian K. Theodore Hoppen asserts: Just as the astronomer’s eyes are damaged by looking directly at the sun, so, by looking only at the strictly economic side of things (wages, salaries, property-ownership, and the like) it is easy to become persuaded by the nearer vision’s brightness into seeing only a continuous blur. A more contextual and tangential glance, however, can reveal distinctions as well as continuities, barriers as well as bridges, reveal, indeed, a world in which the recognition and maintenance of hierarchy were woven into the very fabric of daily life.1
Experimental and numerical studies of sustainable sandwich bio-composites derived from plant-based resources

Experimental and numerical studies of sustainable sandwich bio-composites were presented. The bio-composites were developed using plant-based materials. The laminated face sheets comprised woven he...
Transparent Conductive Oxide Nanocrystals Coated with Insulators by Atomic Layer Deposition

Thin films comprised of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) nanocrystals are attractive for a number of optoelectronic applications. However, it is often observed that the conductivity of such films is very low when they are in contact with air. It has recently been demonstrated, somewhat surprisingly, that filling in initially insulating films comprised of TCO nanocrystals with another insulator by atomic layer deposition (ALD) dramatically increases the conductivity by many orders of magnitude. This work aims to elucidate the mechanism by which the ALD coating increases conductivity. We examined the effect of removing two adsorbed oxygen species (physisorbed molecular water and chemisorbed hydroxide) on sheet resistance and compared this result to the results with thin films comprised of ZnO nanocrystals coated with Al2O3 and also HfO2 by ALD. Although both insulating infills decrease the sheet resistance and increase the stability of the films, there is a stark discrepancy between the two. From the in s...
initial results from the Nike KrF laser facility

Nike is a 5-kJ KrF laser facility at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The primary goal for the system is the production of ultrauniform, high-intensity (≥2 × 1014-W/cm2) focal distributions that will be used to accelerate planar targets under conditions similar to those expected for direct-drive inertial-confinement fusion (ICF). Nike achieves intensity uniformity through the use of echelon-free induced spatial incoherence.1 This technique is essentially an image-amplification scheme which the desired focal distribution is produced by diffusely illuminating an object aperture with the output from a broadband, spatially incoherent oscillator. This distribution is then image relayed through multiple amplification stages, resulting in a high-intensity image of the initial object aperture on target. Because the amplifiers are located at the Fourier-transform plane of the object aperture, the focal profile is relatively insensitive to gain nonuniformities in the amplifiers.
Prothrombin 20209C>T: Thirteen New Cases and Association with the 19911A>G Polymorphism.

Abstract During routine screening for the prothrombin 20210G>A mutation as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, we and others have reported cases of prothrombin 20209C>T heterozygotes that are enriched in individuals of non-Caucasian descent who have had thrombotic events and/or obstetrical complications. The prothrombin 20209C>T variant, as well as six other variants close to position 20210, have been found by melting curve analysis using the LightCycler Instrument (Roche Molecular Biochemicals) and hybridization probes. Unlike assays which use restriction enzymes or allele-specific PCR, melting curve analysis can distinguish multiple base changes that lie within the region of a hybridization probe as long as the base change causes a significant change in melting temperature from expected results. We describe thirteen new prothrombin 20209C>T heterozygous cases from unrelated individuals and one family study which were found during routine screening of clinical samples for the prothrombin 20210G>A mutation. Ethnic and clinical information were available in 11/13 cases: Ten individuals were of African descent while one was Hispanic. Eight individuals had thrombotic events (venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and/or stroke), one had a pregnancy loss, one had bilateral below the knee amputations due to severe peripheral vascular disease, and one had a questionable pulmonary embolism. We next examined the prevalence of the prothrombin 19911A>G polymorphism in 20209C>T heterozygotes since alleles 19911A and 20210A are in full linkage and since the 19911G allele has been associated with increases in both plasma prothrombin activity and venous thrombosis risk. Of twenty 20209C>T heterozygotes, eighteen were 19911GG homozygous and two were 19911AG heterozygous. These results are consistent with linkage of alleles 20209T and 19911G and contrasts with the linkage of alleles 20210A and 19911A. Since the 19911G allele was found in all 20209C>T patients, it is possible that the 19911G-20209T haplotype increases the risk for thrombosis and/or obstetric complications, especially among individuals of African descent.