cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Interpreting Unexpected Urine Drug Test Results.

A 57-year-old man presented to his primary care physician (PCP) for a routine checkup. The patient complained of chronic pain from osteoarthritis in both shoulders, hands, and knees, and reported 5+ h of stiffness in the morning. The patient also had a history of gastric bypass, cholelithiasis, and insomnia. The patient was prescribed oxycodone (5 mg tabs, up to 4 tabs per day as needed) for pain, as well as zolpidem, amlodipine, and ibuprofen. During the clinic visit the PCP noted that the patient's affect seemed odd and decided to collect a urine sample to perform a urine drug screen because the patient was requesting a refill of oxycodone. The urine drug screen was performed and tested positive for oxycodone, opiates, ethanol, and benzodiazepines. The Toxicology Consultation service was contacted to help explain the unexpected positive benzodiazepines and opiates results. To elucidate the cause of the positive opiates results, the urine specimen was sent for definitive testing by LC-MS/MS for an expanded panel of opiates/opioids. It identified oxycodone (5000 ng/mL), oxymorphone (51 ng/mL), and noroxycodone (6600 ng/mL) only. No other common opiates/opioids were detected (i.e., morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, norhydrocodone). Definitive testing for a panel of benzodiazepines was also performed on the urine specimen and identified nordiazepam (140 ng/mL), oxazepam (360 ng/mL), …
RUSKIN, DARWIN, AND LOOKING BENEATH SURFACES

John Ruskin and Charles Darwin shared a desire to change the way their readers looked at both nature and art. However, when considering them together, we typically remember their failure to see eye to eye on man's place in nature. Examining Ruskin's responses to Darwin's work, sexual selection in particular, or Ruskin's late dissatisfaction with Victorian science more generally, scholars have emphasized their conflicting worldviews. Yet this tendency to focus on conceptual disagreement fails to consider a shared intellectual background between the two men: the science of geology.
A Preliminary Comparison Suggests Poor Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Versus Titanium Plates in Distal Femoral Osteotomy.

Background Carbon fiber-reinforced (CFR) polymer implants have theoretical advantages over titanium plates.
National cancer societies and their public statements on alcohol consumption and cancer risk.

Background and aims Studies have shown that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, esophageal, liver, colon, rectal and breast cancer. It would therefore be expected that cancer prevention organizations would incorporate these facts into their public stance on the consumption of alcohol. The aims of this study were to: (1) assess how national cancer societies in developed English-speaking countries [i.e. English-speaking countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)] communicate alcohol-related cancer risk to the public and (2) compare whether these organization's advocacy of increased alcohol taxes is in line with their advocacy of tobacco tax increases to reduce cancer risk. Methods We searched the websites of the following national cancer organizations for all statements related to the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk: Cancer Council Australia, Canadian Cancer Society, Irish Cancer Society, Cancer Society New Zealand, Cancer Research UK and the American Cancer Society. A categorical system was developed to code the qualitative data for health statements, alcohol consumption recommendations, and tax policy recommendations. Websites were analyzed in March of 2017. Results All organizations, with the exception of the American Cancer Society and Canadian Cancer Society, state that alcohol is a group 1 carcinogen and that even low-level alcohol consumption increases risk for some cancers. Additionally, while the American Cancer Society supports increasing tobacco taxes through its cancer action network, it has not advocated for increased alcohol taxes in relation to support for tobacco tax increases. Conclusion Analysis in 2017 of the websites for national cancer societies in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States-including Cancer Council Australia, the Canadian Cancer Society, the Irish Cancer Society, Cancer Society New Zealand, Cancer Research UK and the American Cancer Society-shows that only the American Cancer Society and Canadian Cancer Society websites fail to state that alcohol is a group 1 carcinogen and can cause cancer at low doses, and that there is no safe threshold for cancer risk.
Low-Dose Chemotherapy for Children with Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease

Children are at higher risk for developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) than adults. Successful treatment of PTLD following solid organ transplant is a therapeutic challenge due to the patients’ increased toxicity from chemotherapy, increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections, and the necessity to maintain the allograft. Patients who do not tolerate reduction of immune suppression (i.e., graft rejection), or have PTLD that does not respond to immune suppression reduction, require more aggressive therapy and have a much poorer prognosis. We report 39 children with PTLD who failed reduction of immune suppression and were treated with a lowdose chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m) and prednisone (2 mg/kg per day for 5 days) given every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. The complete remission rate was 82%. Graft survival was 90%. Relapse rate was 22%, with late-onset PTLD (>2 years from transplant) more likely to relapse. Of the seven patients with relapsed PTLD, four were salvaged with “conventional” non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma chemotherapy. The overall 1-year survival for patients treated with low-dose chemotherapy was 86%. The estimated 2-year survival is 73%. This low-dose chemotherapy approach is well tolerated and effective for PTLD in children who fail reduction of immune suppression.
Avoidance and Approach Motivation: A Brief History

The study of motivation has been of interest to researchers in all fields who are interested in examining the underlying causes of behavior. Approach and avoidance motivation, in particular, has been a topic of much discussion since the inception of the field of psychology. This article begins with a brief definition of the approach–avoidance distinction and covers the history of the construct. It continues with a conceptual discussion of the approach–avoidance distinction followed by a comparison of the varied terminology researchers have used to discuss this issue.
Incident Duration Prediction with Hybrid Tree-based Quantile Regression

Accurate prediction of incident duration is critical for efficient incident management which aims to minimize the impact of non-recurrent congestion. In this chapter, a hybrid tree-based quantile regression method is proposed for incident duration prediction and quantification of the effects of various incident and traffic characteristics that determine duration. Hybrid tree-based quantile regression incorporates the merits of both quantile regression modeling and tree-structured modeling: robustness to outliers, simple interpretation, flexibility in combining categorical covariates, and capturing nonlinear associations. The predictive models presented here are based on variables associated with incident characteristics as well as the traffic conditions before and after incident occurrence. Compared to previous approaches, the hybrid tree-based quantile regression offers higher predictive accuracy.
Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Shear Viscosity of Polar Liquids

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were performed on model polar fluids representing acetone, propyl chloride, formamide, and dimethyl formamide. The purposes of the study were (1) to test further a recently developed method for applying the Ewald sum treatment of long-range forces to NEMD simulations with Lees–Edwards boundary conditions, (2) to study the effect of different constituent groups and their partial charges upon fluid viscosity, and (3) to examine the relative magnitudes of the van der Waals and coulombic contributions to fluid viscosity. The new Ewald sum method worked well, producing simulated viscosities for all four fluids that were in good agreement with correlated experimental data. Generally, viscosities predicted without the partial charges were significantly low and exhibited an incorrect density dependence. While methyl chloride's viscosity is due primarily to the dispersion interactions, coulombic interactions contribute substantially to the viscosity of the other three fluids, particularly at higher densities.
T = 0 EFFECTIVE INTERACTION IN THE sd SHELL.

Abstract A simple model interaction for T = 0 two-nucleon states in sd shell nuclei is described. All the two-body matrix elements are expressed in terms of seven radial matrix elements (which later effectively reduce to three) as in an earlier paper. The values of the parameters are obtained by making a least-squares fit to observed level energies in 18F and 19F and are then used to calculate the level schemes of 20F and 20Ne. The parameters and the spectra obtained here are compared with those calculated from realistic nucleon-nucleon forces. Such simple interaction forms are used here may be particularly valuable in assessing the sensitivity of shell-model results to the use of specific interactions or to truncations of the basis space or the like.
Building Emancipatory Food Power: Freedom Farms, Rocky Acres, and the Struggle for Food Justice

While scholars who study issues of food justice use the term food power rarely—if at all—their argu­ments often position the rise of the food justice movement in the context of food power that sus­tains oppression in the food system. Similarly, many food justice activists and organizations produce an analysis of oppressive forms of food power, while placing the goals of the movement to create sustainable community-based interventions in the periphery. Yet, the pursuit of food justice is a dual process related to power. This process is characterized by the simultaneous acts of disman­tling oppressive forms of food power and building emancipatory forms of food power. It also has deep roots in the historical arc of food politics in the Black Freedom Struggle of the civil rights era. However, we know very little about this dual pro­cess and how black communities engage in it. In this paper, I juxtapose two cases of black farm projects—the historical case of Freedom Farms Cooperative (FFC) in Mississippi and the contem­po­rary case of the Rocky Acres Community Farm (RACF) in New York—to explore the dual process of food justice. I conclude with a brief discussion on what the cases teach us about this dual process and its implications for scholars and activists who work on issues of food justice. Such implications provide insights into the possibilities of the food justice movement in the future and challenge the movement to include, more explicitly, issues of race, land, self-determination, and economic autonomy. See the press release for this article.
Operant Social Reward Decreases Incubation of Heroin Craving in Male and Female Rats

Abstract Background We recently reported that operant social choice–induced voluntary abstinence prevents incubation of methamphetamine craving. Here, we determined whether social choice–induced voluntary abstinence would prevent incubation of heroin craving. We also introduce a fully automatic social reward self-administration model that eliminates the intense workload and rat–human interaction of the original semiautomatic model. Methods In experiment 1, we trained male and female rats for social self-administration (6 days) and then for heroin self-administration (12 days). Next, we assessed relapse to heroin seeking after 1 and 15 abstinence days. Between tests, the rats underwent either forced or social choice–induced abstinence. In experiment 2, we developed a fully automatic social self-administration procedure by introducing a screen between the self-administration chamber and the social-peer chamber; the screen allows physical contact but prevents rats from crossing chambers. Next, we compared incubation of craving in rats with a history of standard (no-screen) or automatic (screen) social self-administration and social choice–induced abstinence. Results The time-dependent increase in heroin seeking after cessation of drug self-administration (incubation of craving) was lower after social choice–induced abstinence than after forced abstinence. There were no differences in social self-administration, social choice–induced abstinence, and incubation of craving in rats trained in the standard semiautomatic procedure versus the novel fully automatic procedure. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the protective effect of rewarding social interaction on heroin self-administration and incubation of heroin craving and introduces a fully automatic social self-administration and choice procedure to investigate the role of volitional social interaction in drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
Hemophilia – Impact of Recent Advances on Management

There have been numerous advances in the field of hemophilia management in the past decade, including long acting factor products, non-factor products, and potentially curative interventions such as gene therapy. Each of these interventions introduces exciting treatment modalities to patients with both hemophilia A and B, however they also pose a daunting array of possible management options. Adverse reactions to novel agents are being reported as more patients are treated and long-term sustainability of interventions such as gene therapy is yet to be determined. The practicing hematologist should be aware of the intricacies involved in customizing care for their individual patients and be aware of the monitoring strategies for each interventional strategy to avoid adverse events. Upfront cost vs. long term benefit should be considered as choices of treatment strategies are made, especially in resource poor countries. The goal of the newer agents is to decrease annualized bleed rates and avoid debilitating arthropathy. This article looks at current treatment models for prophylaxis and management of inhibitors, reviews the recent advances in the field (with bioengineered factor products, non-factor products and gene therapy) and summarizes the incorporation of these new interventions in the treatment plan for patients with hemophilia.
Strategic niche management in transition pathways: Telework advocacy as groundwork for an incremental transformation

Abstract This article presents telework advocacy in the United States as a case of strategic niche management that contributed to an incremental transformation of office work location practice in the United States. In its first decades, telework advocacy showed elements of strategic niche management including vision and expectations, learning processes, and social networks. Supported by environmental and economic landscape pressures, trip reduction and travel demand management policies opened up protected spaces at the local, state, or federal levels for the practice of telework, with public agencies as experimenters. Niche and incumbent actors shared a strategy of promoting telework in structured circumstances and spoke to organizational and employee benefit alongside societal benefits. Yet as landscape pressures lessened, incumbent actors took greater ownership of the innovations of telework, and shifted their vision to one that considers telecommuting as a function of human resources rather than a societal imperative.
Thick HVPE growth of ZnSe on GaAs and OP-GaAs templates for nonlinear frequency conversion (Conference Presentation)

We discuss low-pressure HVPE growth of ZnSe on GaAs substrates (~350 µm thick) and on OP-GaAs templates (~115 µm thick) that achieved single-crystalline quality ZnSe layers which will be used to develop OP-ZnSe QPM structures for nonlinear frequency conversion devices. Material characterization techniques including SEM, HR-XRD, XTEM, and PL have been used to verify that the ZnSe grown by HVPE has a superior quality to the commercially available ZnSe substrates. Current focus is to obtain thicknesses beyond 500 µm using plain and OP templates for frequency conversion in the MLWIR.
Extracorporeal and advanced therapies for progressive refractory near‐fatal acute severe asthma in children

Asthma is the most common chronic illness and is one of the most common medical emergencies in children. Progressive refractory near-fatal asthma requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation can lead to death. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide adequate gas exchange during acute respiratory failure although data on outcomes in children requiring ECMO support for status asthmaticus is sparse with one study reporting survival rates of nearly 85% with asthma being one of the best outcome subsets for patients with refractory respiratory failure requiring ECMO support. We describe the current literature on the use of ECMO and other advanced extracorporeal therapies available for children with acute severe asthma. We also review other advanced invasive and noninvasive therapies in acute severe asthma both before and while on ECMO support.
Magnetic Damping in Epitaxial Iron Alloyed with Vanadium and Aluminum

To develop low-moment, low-damping metallic ferromagnets for power-efficient spintronic devices, it is crucial to understand how magnetic relaxation is impacted by the addition of nonmagnetic elements. Here, we compare magnetic relaxation in epitaxial $\mathrm{Fe}$ films alloyed with light, nonmagnetic elements of $\mathrm{V}$ and $\mathrm{Al}$. $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{V}$ alloys exhibit lower intrinsic damping compared with that of pure $\mathrm{Fe}$, reduced by nearly a factor of 2, whereas damping in $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Al}$ alloys increases with $\mathrm{Al}$ content. Our experimental and computational results indicate that reducing the density of states at the Fermi level, rather than the average atomic number, has a more significant impact on lowering damping in $\mathrm{Fe}$ alloyed with light elements. Moreover, $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{V}$ is confirmed to exhibit an intrinsic Gilbert damping parameter of about 0.001, which is among the lowest ever reported for ferromagnetic metals.
Report to the Readership

This is the start of my sixth year as editor of Exceptional Children. It takes many people to run a journal successfully, and I would like to take a moment to recognize some folks who make my job as editor much easier. First, I would like to thank my assistant, Xiaolun Qi, who has done an incredible job of keeping everything on time and running smoothly during the past several years. I would also like to extend a special thanks to Meridee Mucciarone at the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC). Once we have accepted a manuscript and sent it to CEC, she takes over, moving the manuscript through a process of in-house editing to eventual publication. I would further like to thank the other members of the editorial team--Donna Ford, Joan Lieber, and Margaret McLaughlin. Finally, we could not do this job without the excellent help of all of the members of the editorial board, the guest reviewers who generously lend their expertise to evaluating submitted manuscripts (their names and affiliations are listed at the end of this report), and all of you who have submitted papers to the journal over the years. I would like to remind everyone that you can nominate yourself as a guest reviewer by simply contacting me via e-mail (steve.graham@ vanderbilt.edu). Please send me a copy of your vita and in the text of the e-mail indicate your areas of expertise. We try to call on everyone who volunteers. Also, please note that a doctoral student can do a review in conjunction with a university or college faculty member. We would like to increase the number of doctoral students who participate in this process. Thus, if you are a field reviewer or a guest reviewer, encourage a doctoral student to do a separate review with you. You can initiate this process by sending me an e-mail when you receive a manuscript to review. Although this report to the readership is published in the fall (the start of the 75th volume), I must complete it about one month before the 74th volume year is completed. During the first 11 months of the current volume year, we received 106 new submissions. Projecting forward to a full 12 months, we should receive 116 submissions for the year. This is about a 22% increase in manuscript submissions from the previous volume year. It must be noted that we evidenced declines in the number of submissions during the past several years. Consequently, I am very pleased that the number of submissions is on the upswing again. A notable event for the journal during Volume 74 was the publication of a special issue, edited by Donna Ford, entitled "Culturally Diverse Exceptional Students: Remembering the Past, Looking Toward the Future." Collectively, these peer-reviewed papers make an incredible contribution to our understanding of where we have been, where we are, and where we must go in working with diverse students and their families. …
Neurocomputing formalisms for computational learning and machine intelligence

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the capabilities of neural-network learning that is central to the deeper question of its feasibility to artificial intelligence. It focuses on machine learning in the context of neural networks from the standpoints of computational complexity and algorithms information theory, and on the emerging area of learning theory in the context of dynamic systems. Engineered intelligent systems behave with remarkable rigidity when compared with, their biological counterparts, especially in their ability to recognize objects or speech, to manipulate and adapt in an unstructured environment, and to learn from past experience. A major reason for this limited technical success in emulating some of the more fundamental aspects of human intelligence lies in the differences between the organization and structuring of knowledge, and the dynamics of biological neuronal circuitry and its emulation using the symbolic-processing paradigm. The chapter rederives a theoretical framework for neural learning of nonlinear mappings, wherein both the topology of the network and synaptic interconnection strengths are evolved adaptively. The proposed methodology exploits a new class of mathematical constructs, terminal attractors, which provide unique information-processing capabilities to artificial neural systems. Terminal attractor representations are used not only to ensure infinite local stability of the encoded information, but also to provide a qualitative as well as quantitative change in the nature of the learning process. The chapter also draws from mathematical constructs in sensitivity theory for nonlinear systems to illustrate the notion of forward and adjoint-operators. The formalism exploits the concept of adjoint-operators to enable a fast global computation of the network's response to perturbations in all system parameters. This formalism eliminates the heuristic overtones of the proposed framework.
Mary-Jo Delvechhio Good, Sandra Teresa Hyde, Sarah Pinto, and Byron J. Good (eds.): Postcolonial Disorders

This book is composed of contributions by participants in the weekly seminar of Harvard’s long-standing program in clinically relevant medical anthropology, and will stand as a mark of the program’s stature as a prime intellectual locus in which anthropological reflection on illness and suffering has generated results of profound significance for contemporary social thought. The volume is a wide-ranging examination of subjectivity, a concept that has in recent years moved to the foreground in social theory after a long time away from the spotlight. Insofar as it is often the case that when a theoretical term becomes popular it comes to be seen everywhere and its meaning gradually becomes attenuated, the most compelling feature of this volume is its thematically consistent and sustained attention to defining and circumscribing the notion of subjectivity in a way that will preserve its discursive value. More specifically, the volume develops an analytic sensibility that repeatedly traces the connections between subjectivity as the experience of individual social actors and the global social conditions under which that subjectivity takes form. This is indeed its greatest service to contemporary social thought in general, beyond the significant contribution to the substantive themes it engages—politics and the state, madness and disorder, borders and marginality—and beyond the uniformly vivid arguments of the individual chapters. A thoughtful introduction by the editors nicely synthesizes the contributors’ approaches to subjectivity, carefully deconstructs the eponymous concepts of “postcolonial” and “disorders” and justifies the organization into discrete sections.
Assaying Proteases in Cellular Environments

To better study protease activation, regulation, and inhibition physiologically or pharmacologically, it is often advantageous to use cell-based systems. The introduction of the cellular environment poses additional challenges for the assay of the protease of interest. In this unit, various methods for monitoring protease activity in cell-based systems are discussedctivity is discussed. The scope of the unit is restricted to mammalian cell system. It is also stressed that specific considerations or requirements for a particular protease or peptidase are often needed in order to optimize the assay.
Pyridoxine-5′-β-d-Glucoside Affects the Metabolic Utilization of Pyridoxine in Rats

A major form of vitamin B-6 in plant-derived foods is pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside. Previous studies have shown that pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside is poorly available as a source of vitamin B-6 in rats and is partially utilized in humans. This research was conducted to determine whether unlabeled pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside affects the metabolic utilization of simultaneously administered isotopically labeled pyridoxine in rats. Three groups of rats (n = 6) were administered a single oral dose of 0, 36 or 72 nmol of unlabeled pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside along with 166.5 MBq (240 nmol) of [14C]pyridoxine. Twenty-four hours after administration of the dose the rats were killed, and the isotopic distribution of vitamin B-6 metabolites in liver and urine was determined. Urinary 14C and hepatic 14C-labeled pyridoxine phosphate and pyridoxal phosphate were directly related to pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside dose. Hepatic 14C, 14C-labeled pyridoxal, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine, and the concentration of urinary [14C]4-pyridoxic acid, relative total urinary 14C, were inversely proportional to the dose of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside. These results provide evidence that pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside quantitatively alters the metabolism and in vivo retention of [14C]pyridoxine and that pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside may retard the utilization of nonglycosylated forms of vitamin B-6.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning has received little attention in th pediatric literature, although it is not uncommon in children. With the advent of alternative energy sources, such as woodburning stoves, one might predict an increase in its incidence over the next few years. Carbon monoxide poisoning is well described in the adult medical, surgical, neurologic, and psychiatric literature. It can cause a severe encephalopathy and have cardiovascular, pulmonary, muscular, renal, cutaneous, visual, and auditory manifestations. In this review a case of severe carbon monoxide poisoning with complications is presented. Language: en
A virilizing adrenocortical tumor in a female infant: in vivo and in vitro biochemical characteristics.

Normal adrenal and adrenal tumor cells from a female infant with a virilizing adrenal tumor were grown in tissue culture as monolayers for a period of 7 weeks. Half of the cultures were exposed to ACTH (0.1 U/ml). The cells grew well and continued to produce steroid hormones over the entire period in culture. Production of steroid hormones was measured by RIA of individual steroids in the culture medium. Unstimulated normal and tumor cells produced equivalent amounts of cortisol, 11β,18,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione, and 18,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione, but tumor cells produced lesser amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone, and progesterone. Normal cells exposed to ACTH showed an increase in all steroids measured, whereas ACTH-exposed tumor cells showed an increase principally in DHA consistent with a deficiency in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Circulating levels of DHA, androstenedione, and testosterone were elevated in the patient before removal of...
The NMDA antagonist memantine blocks pain behavior in a rat model of formalin-induced facial pain

Recent studies have provided evidence that excitatory amino acid antagonists can exert analgesic effects in animals. These studies, however, have focused primarily on phasic pain or hyperalgesia rather than tonic pain. The present study evaluates the effects of systemic administration of Memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane), a clinically used N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on formalin-induced phasic and tonic pain behavior in the rat. Memantine (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected i.p. 1 h prior to a s.c. injection of formalin (5%, 50 microliters) into the vibrissal pad of adult rats (n = 5/group). Pain behavior was measured by the number of seconds of formalin-induced face grooming during a 42-min post-injection observation period. Saline-injected animals displayed a biphasic face-grooming response, consisting of an early, phasic phase (0-6 min) and a delayed, prolonged tonic phase (12-42 min). Memantine at doses of 2.5-10 mg/kg produced a significant dose-related inhibition of the second phase (65-93%) and a much smaller inhibition of the first phase (up to 52%). A higher dose (20 mg/kg) further inhibited both phases but also produced other motor effects (increased exploratory and decreased freezing behavior, hind-paw weakness and gait ataxia) which were not observed at the lower doses. These results suggest that the NMDA receptor antagonist Memantine can block formalin-induced tonic and, to a lesser extent, phasic pain, at doses that do not alter observed motor behaviors.
Oncogenic Activity of Mill Hill (Harris) Strain of Rous Sarcoma Virus for Hamsters

IT has been known for some time that Rous1 sarcoma virus (RSV) is not species specific2–5. The demonstration that some strains of RSV are capable of inducing neo-plastic lesions in rodents6,7 showed that the virus is not class specific.
Time development of proton nuclear overhauser effects in proteins

Abstract Factors affecting the time development of proton nuclear Overhauser effects (NOES) in proteins were investigated. Calculations indicate that a simple approach based on the behavior of two spins can be used to extract values of the cross-relaxation rates, σ, between close protons. This method cannot in general be used to obtain accurate direct relaxation rates, ϱ, because of systematic errors, the origin and magnitude of which are discussed. The power levels needed to achieve limiting rates of NOE development and hence accurate values of the cross-relaxation rates were also considered. Other systematic errors important in the analysis and collection of NOE data are also examined. Experimental results from the tryptophan residues of the protein lysozyme are presented. A detailed analysis of the time development of the NOE for one of the residues is presented and shows many of the features predicted by the calculations.
Selection and mutation at a diallelic X-linked locus

Equilibria and convergence of gene frequencies are studied in the case of a diallelic X-linked locus under the influence of selection and mutation. The model used is that of an infinite diploid population with nonoverlapping discrete generations and random mating. It is proved that if the mutation rates and fitnesses are constant and the mutation rates are less than one-third, then global convergence of gene frequencies to equilibria occurs. The phase portraits of the dynamical system describing the change of allelic frequencies from one generation to the next are determined. Convergence of gene frequencies is monotone from a certain generation on if every other generation is skipped. In the case without mutation, our proof of this monotone convergence simplifies G. Palm's original proof [37].
Denitrification in bottomland hardwood wetland soils of the Cache River

Denitrification rates were quantified in bottomland hardwood wetland soils of the Cache River. N15 labeled nitrate was added to columns containing wetland soils and river water. Over 40 days, nitrate-N in floodwater (approximately 9 mg N L−1) decreased by between 82% and 59%, which gave estimates of N export from the water column of between 11.5 mg N m−2 day−1 and 7.5 mg N m−2 day−1. These values correlated directly with organic content of surface sediment, which included forest litter. Added glucose doubled rates of nitrate loss in these soils, which indicated that the process was carbon limited. Nitrification occurring simultaneously with denitrification was determined using isotopic dilution techniques. Contributions of nitrate to water from nitrification were estimated at between 5% and 12% of the total nitrate reduced. Rates of nitrogen transformation in these forest soils were likely limited by available soil carbon from tree litter and perhaps canopy leachate, rather than by nitrate concentration in inflowing floodwater.
Ex vivo analysis of SIV-infected cells by flow cytometry.

Deciphering the complex interactions between human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIV) and their host cells is crucial to the development of improved therapies and vaccines. Investigating these relationships has been complicated by the inability to directly analyze infected cells among freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Here, we describe a method to detect cells productively infected with SIVmac239 ex vivo from the blood or lymph nodes by flow cytometry. Using this method, we show a close correlation between the frequency of productively infected cells in both sample type and the plasma viral load. We define that the minimum threshold for detecting productively infected cells in lymph nodes by flow cytometry requires a plasma virus concentration of ∼2.5 × 104 vRNA copy Equivalents (Eq)/ml. Conversely, an approximately 2 logs higher plasma viral load is needed to detect productively infected cells in the peripheral blood. This novel protocol provides a direct analytical tool to assess interactions between SIV and host cells, which is of key importance to investigators in AIDS research. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Derivatization of Dinitrogen by Molybdenum in Triamidoamine Complexes

The reduction of [N3N]MoCl by an excess of Mg powder in THF under dinitrogen (1 atm) yields the diazenido species {[N3N]Mo−NN}2Mg(THF)2 (1), which reacts with MCl2(PPh3)2 (M = Ni or Pd) or ZnCl2 to...
Interfacing with Central Accounts

This article describes the interface that was developed at Southern Methodist University (SMU) to link the NOTIS system with the University's Financial Accounting System (FAS). background information on the accounting process is given, along with information on the structure of the Libraries at SMU, in order to give the reader a better understanding of the design format of this interface product. Several critical issues were faced during the design stages for this interface, which are detailed in the article, along with the solutions that were reached. The product's step-by-step process which starts at the point of invoice approval in the Libraries and ends with the appearance of the transactions in the University's financial accounting detail, is described; the various management reports that are generated along the way in the process are also outlined. The resulting product is then evaluated in terms of usefulness, accuracy, and effectiveness.
Localization of Irradiation Damage in Rat Seminiferous Tubules

VISIBLE irradiation damage to the germ cells in mammalian gonads has been investigated extensively (review in ref. 1), but many questions about the dynamics of cellular turnover and the nature of barriers to recovery remain unanswered. Following certain radiation treatments, cross-sections of seminiferous tubules have been observed either to be spermatogenically inactive or to possess various degrees of spermatogenic activity2. In testes of animals irradiated during foetal or early postnatal life, the lack of adjoining active and inactive tissue within a single seminiferous tubule might be a barrier to recovery. Germinal elements are unlikely to migrate through the rete testes from one tubule to another, and so an entirely atrophied tubule would be unlikely to recover, but active tissue might repopulate an adjacent inactive area. To determine whether single seminiferous tubules contain both active and inactive tissue, serial longitudinal sections of isolated fragments of seminiferous tubule were obtained and examined histologically.
Corrosion Resistance of Zirconium in Chemical Processing Equipment

The author describes some corrosion properties that make unalloyed zirconium a candidate material for the chemical process industry. Zirconium is compared with competitive materials of construction; corrosion problems and testing are described; aspects of fabrication are discussed. The paper concludes with a description of applications in the Du Pont Company.
Numerical Simulation of Particle Mixing Feature for a Gas-Liquid-Solid Three Phase Flow in an Impeller-Driven Stirred Vessel

In this work, numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the particle mixing feature in a stirred vessel driven by an impeller. The Eulerian multi-fluid model has been employed along with the standard k–e turbulence model to simulate the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in the stirred vessel. The effects of impeller speed and immersion depth of impeller on the particle distribution are discussed. The results show that the particle volume fractions nearby the vessel bottom are large on the vicinity of the side walls of the vessel and small in the vessel middle region at different impeller speeds and immersion depths.
Basis of tetracaine-induced inhibition of phagocytosis by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Abstract The inhibition of mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis by the tertiary amine anesthetic, tetracaine, was studied in vitro . By investigating separately the recognition and ingestion phases of phagocytosis using 51 Cr-labeled sheep red blood cells (SRBC), the following observations were made. First, immune-mediated recognition of the SRBC via the opsonizing mouse immunoglobulin by the macrophages is inhibited by tetracaine. Second, non-immune recognition of unopsonized SRBC is not inhibited by tetracaine. Third, ingestion of the opsonized SRBC is inhibited by tetracaine to a greater extent than unopsonized SRBC. Fourth, the basis for the inhibition of recognition appears to be steric, probably related to anesthetic-induced clustering of receptors on the macrophage surface. Fifth, the results are discussed in terms of transmembrane control of macrophage receptors.
Measurement of changes in trabecular bone at fracture sites using X‐ray CT and automated image registration and processing

Abstract Currently, there are no in vivo techniques for quantifying healing within fractures involving mainly trabecular bone. Methods for quantitatively assessing healing would aid the investigation of new treatment regimes, and might also be useful for predicting whether a patient may be undergoing delayed union. Using CT and automated image registration, we have developed an image processing technique for measuring changes in CT image intensity at fracture sites. The technique focuses on quantifying the formation of new mineralised tissue within fracture gaps, while ignoring loss of bone mineral due to disuse osteoporosis. Seven patients with fractures of the distal radius were examined for 12 weeks following fracture. To assess reproducibility of measurements of change in CT intensity at the fracture line, measurements were performed on two separate occasions, by each of two independent readers. Reproducibility was compared to rates of change over time, to determine detectable differences in individual progression. Scans were scored qualitatively for features of healing and scores compared to the quantitative measurements. The mean (SD) change in CT intensity was +128 (65) Hounsfield Units (HU) over the 12 week follow-up. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibilities were both similar (±17 HU), 1/7 of the change seen during the study. In this small patient cohort, a significant increase in CT intensity was seen 2 weeks post-fracture. Large early increases in CT intensity were associated with early visual appearance of sclerosis and blurring of the fracture line. In this preliminary, prospective study, we have developed a reproducible quantitative technique for measuring changes in CT intensity of trabecular bone at the fracture line in the distal radius. Further work is required to determine whether it can be used to identify, or monitor patients who are undergoing delayed fracture repair. The technique appears sensitive for measuring changes immediately post-fracture, and could have a role in examining potential effects of new therapies in patient cohorts.
Comments on “Size Distribution of Organonitrates in Ambient Aerosol Collected in Houston, Texas” Aerosol Science and Technology, 36:983–992 (2002)

A previous article in this journal reported the results of an FTIR analysis of the ambient aerosol collected during a field study in Houston, Texas during August and September of 2000. The emphasis of that article was on the organonitrates collected during the study. In the discussion of their research, the authors noted some discrepancies between the organonitrate absorbances observed in Houston compared to those seen in a previous study conducted in Los Angeles, California. They offer several explanations for the observed differences. In these comments, an alternative explanation is offered for these differences.
MicroRNA-421 Dysregulation is Associated with Tetralogy of Fallot

The importance of microRNAs for maintaining stability in the developing vertebrate heart has recently become apparent. In addition, there is a growing appreciation for the significance of microRNAs in developmental pathology, including the formation of congenital heart defects. We examined the expression of microRNAs in right ventricular (RV) myocardium from infants with idiopathic tetralogy of Fallot (TOF, without a 22q11.2 deletion), and found 61 microRNAs to be significantly changed in expression in myocardium from children with TOF compared to normally developing comparison subjects (O’Brien et al. 2012). Predicted targets of microRNAs with altered expression were enriched for gene networks that regulate cardiac development. We previously derived a list of 229 genes known to be critical to heart development, and found 44 had significantly changed expression in TOF myocardium relative to normally developing myocardium. These 44 genes had significant negative correlations with 33 microRNAs, each of which also had significantly changed expression. Here, we focus on miR-421, as it is significantly upregulated in RV tissue from infants with TOF; is predicted to interact with multiple members of cardiovascular regulatory pathways; and has been shown to regulate cell proliferation. We knocked down, and over expressed miR-421 in primary cells derived from the RV of infants with TOF, and infants with normally developing hearts, respectively. We found a significant inverse correlation between the expression of miR-421 and SOX4, a key regulator of the Notch pathway, which has been shown to be important for the cardiac outflow track. These findings suggest that the dysregulation of miR-421 warrants further investigation as a potential contributor to tetralogy of Fallot.
High-power broad-area InGaNAs/GaAs quantum-well lasers in the 1200 nm range

Abstract High-power broad-area InGaNAs/GaAs quantum-well (QW) edge-emitting lasers on GaAs substrates in the 1200 nm range are reported. The epitaxial layers of the InGaNAs/GaAs QW laser wafers were grown on n+-GaAs substrates by using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The thickness of the InGaNAs/GaAs QW layers is 70 A/1200 A. The indium content (x) of the InxGa1−xNyAs1−y QW layers is estimated to be 0.35–0.36, while the nitrogen content (y) is estimated to be 0.006–0.009. More indium content (In) and nitrogen content (N) in the InGaNAs QW layer enables the laser emission up to 1300 nm range. The epitaxial layer quality, however, is limited by the strain in the grown layer. The devices were made with different ridge widths from 5 to 50 μm. A very low threshold current density (Jth) of 80 A/cm2 has been obtained for the 50 μm × 500 μm LD. A number of InGaNAs/GaAs epi-wafers were made into broad-area LDs. A maximum output power of 95 mW was measured for the broad-area InGaNAs/GaAs QW LDs. The variations in the output powers of the broad-area LDs are mainly due to strain-induced defects the InGaNAs QW layers.
Endoscopic Photocoagulation of the Ciliary Body for Treatment of Refractory Glaucomas

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of refractory glaucomas. Methods The preoperative and postoperative courses of 68 eyes of 68 patients who underwent endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Study patients had diverse forms of glaucoma, and most had failed maximal medical therapy as well as failed filtration or transscleral cyclodestructive procedures, or both. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation treatment encompassed 180 to 360 degrees of the ciliary body circumference and was performed through a limbal incision (56 eyes, 12 of which underwent concurrent cataract extraction) or pars plana incision (12 eyes). A second laser treatment was required in five eyes (7%). Results During the mean follow-up period of 12.9 months, mean ± SD intraocular pressure decreased from 27.7 ± 10.3 mm Hg preoperatively to 17.0 ± 6.7 mm Hg at the final postoperative visit ( P P Conclusion These early results suggest that endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for refractory glaucomas.
ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SAMPLE MEAN IN LONG-MEMORY NOISE

. When estimating the unknown mean of a stationary time series, the best linear unbiased estimator is often a significantly better estimator than the ordinary least squares estimates Xn. The relative efficiency of these two estimators is investigated for time series whose spectrum behaves like a power at the origin (e.g., fractional Gaussian noise and fractional ARIMA).