cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perioperative care of patients underwent hip joint replacement surgery

Objective: To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of hip joint replacement surgery(HJRS),in order to improve skills of nursing personnel.Methods: Perioperative care measure of 57 cases of patients underwent HJRS in our hospital were analyzed.Preoperative care(preoperative health assessment,psychological care,preoperative adaptability exercise and routine preoperative preparation) and post-operative care(disease observation,basic care,prevention of complications,rehabilitation training guidance,guidance of precautions after hospital discharge and functional exercise) were included in perioperative care measures.Results: All patients were safe during perioperative period without serious complications,and all patients were discharged hospital after recovery.Conclusion: Correct rehabilitation care is the important link of the success in HJRS.Overall perioperative care of HJRS can effectively reduce complications and patient suffering which is an important component of HJRS success and improvement of patients life quality.
Limitations, Fantasies, and Security Operations of Beginning Group Psychotherapists

(1966). Limitations, Fantasies, and Security Operations of Beginning Group Psychotherapists. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 150-162.
Biochemical indices of the effects of the selective MAO inhibitors clorgyline, pargyline and deprenyl in man

Drugs which inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) affect the metabolism of many biogenic amines and their metabolites. All of the MAO-inhibiting antidepressants available in the USA as prescription drugs are non-selective, and retard the oxidative deamination of the entire list of substrates for the enzyme presented in table 1. These non-selective inhibitors include phenelzine, tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, as well as such previously widely used drugs as nialamide and iproniazid.
New class of rearrangeable nonblocking multicast free-space optical switches

In this paper, we propose N × N rearrangeable nonblocking multicast free-space optical switches. Our design exploits nonmovable tri-state switching elements (T-SEs) that support signal splitting and switching simultaneously and seamlessly, and thus, separate splitting stages used in the conventional multicast switches are not needed. It follows that the propagation loss that may be encountered by an optical beam passing through a splitting stage followed by a crossbar (e.g., splitter-and-delivery-based switches) can be avoided in the proposed switch, since the beam passes through only a single stage. The proposed switch exhibits an optimal hardware complexity, as it requires only N(N + 1) /2 T-SEs. The switch is analyzed and compared to existing optical multicast switches in terms of hardware complexity, power loss, and cost. Comparison results show that the proposed switch provides multicast capability with a lower hardware complexity and a comparable performance. Cost analysis shows that for N = 4, the overall cost of the new design is lower than that of existing strictly nonblocking switches, even if the T-SE is 3.5 to 10 times the cost of typical microelectromechanical systems mirrors. In addition, we present a simple routing algorithm that systematically establishes connections over the new switch.
Forest dynamics to precipitation and temperature in the Gulf of Mexico coastal region

The forest is one of the most significant components of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coast. It provides livelihood to inhabitant and is known to be sensitive to climatic fluctuations. This study focuses on examining the impacts of temperature and precipitation variations on coastal forest. Two different regression methods, ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR), were employed to reveal the relationship between meteorological variables and forest dynamics. OLS regression analysis shows that changes in precipitation and temperature, over a span of 12 months, are responsible for 56% of NDVI variation. The forest, which is not particularly affected by the average monthly precipitation in most months, is observed to be affected by cumulative seasonal and annual precipitation explicitly. Temperature and precipitation almost equally impact on NDVI changes; about 50% of the NDVI variations is explained in OLS modeling, and about 74% of the NDVI variations is explained in GWR modeling. GWR analysis indicated that both precipitation and temperature characterize the spatial heterogeneity patterns of forest dynamics.
Predictors of public support for nutrition-focused policy, systems and environmental change strategies in Los Angeles County, 2013

Background Since 2010, federal and local agencies have invested broadly in a variety of nutrition-focused policy, systems and environmental change (PSE) initiatives in Los Angeles County (LAC). To date, little is known about whether the public supports such efforts. We address this gap in the literature by examining predictors of support for a variety of PSEs. Methods Voters residing in LAC (n=1007) were randomly selected to participate in a cross-sectional telephone survey commissioned by the LAC Department of Public Health. The survey asked questions about attitudes towards the obesity epidemic, nutrition knowledge and behaviours, public opinions about changing business practices/government policies related to nutrition, and sociodemographics. A factor analysis informed outcome variable selection (ie, type of PSEs). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine predictors of public support. Predictors in the regression models included (primary regressor) community economic hardship; (control variables) political affiliation, sex, age, race and income; and (independent variables) perceptions about obesity, perceived health and weight status, frequency reading nutrition labels, ease of finding healthy and unhealthy foods, and food consumption behaviours (ie, fruit and vegetables, non-diet soda, fast-food and sit-down restaurant meals). Results 3 types of PSE outcome variables were identified: promotional/incentivising, limiting/restrictive and business practices. Community economic hardship was not found to be a significant predictor of public support for any of the 3 PSE types. However, Republican party affiliation, being female and perceiving obesity as a serious health problem were. Conclusions These findings have implications for public health practice and community planning in local health jurisdictions.
Genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies: management and surveillance

As individuals with germ line predisposition to hematologic malignancies are diagnosed with increasing frequency, the need for clinical surveillance has become apparent. Unfortunately, few prospective data are available, so recommendations are based on collective experience and expert consensus. There is general agreement to advocate for expert consultation or referral of patients to centers with expertise in these syndromes, since presentations and disease progression can be subtle, and treatment strategies must be tailored. Here, we summarize and integrate expert consensus recommendations and medical management considerations for the patient newly diagnosed with a leukemia predisposition disorder. Indications to consider additional studies and referral for allogeneic stem cell transplantation are also discussed.
Synergistic COX2 induction by IFNγ and TNFα self-limits type-1 immunity in cancer tissues (TUM10P.1027)

Maintenance of CTL-, Th1-, and NK cell-mediated type-1 immunity is essential for effective anti-tumor responses. Unexpectedly, we observed that IFNγ and TNFα, the critical soluble mediators produced by type-1 immune effector cells, synergize in the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), the key enzyme in prostaglandin (PG)E 2 synthesis, and the hyper-activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ovarian cancer patients. This MDSC hyper-activation by type-1 immune cells and the subsequent over-expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2), IL-10, and additional COX2 result in strong feedback suppression of type-1 immune responses. Importantly, this self-limiting feedback could be eliminated by COX2 blockade, allowing amplification of type-1 immunity and prolonged survival of tumor bearing mice. Our data demonstrate a new mechanism underlying the self-limiting nature of type-1 immunity in the human TME and provide rationale for targeting the COX2-PGE 2 axis to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies.
Rearing Xyleborus volvulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Media Containing Sawdust from Avocado or Silkbay, With or Without Raffaelea lauricola (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae)

Like other ambrosia beetles, Xyleborus volvulus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with fungi that serve as food source. Until recently, X. volvulus was not considered a pest, and none of its symbionts were considered plant pathogens. However, recent reports of an association between X. volvulus and Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae), the cause of the laurel wilt disease of avocado (Persea americana Mill. [Laurales: Lauraceae]), and its potential role as vector of the pathogen merit further investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate three artificial media containing sawdust obtained from avocado or silkbay (Persea humilis Nash) for laboratory rearing of X. volvulus. The effect of R. lauricola in the media on the beetle's reproduction was also evaluated. Of the three media, the one with the lowest content of sawdust and intermediate water content provided the best conditions for rearing X. volvulus. Reproduction on this medium was not affected by the sawdust species or the presence of R. lauricola. On the other two media, there was a significant interaction between sawdust species and R. lauricola. The presence of R. lauricola generally had a negative effect on brood production. There was limited colonization of the mycangia of X. volvulus by R. lauricola on media inoculated with the pathogen. From galleries formed within the best medium, there was 50% recovery of R. lauricola, but recovery was much less from the other two media. Here, we report the best artificial substrate currently known for X. volvulus.
The complement system in hypertension and renal damage in the Dahl SS rat.

Evidence indicates the immune system is important in development of hypertension and kidney disease. In the Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rat model, lymphocytes play a role in development of hypertension and kidney damage after increased sodium intake. Recent transcriptomic analyses demonstrate upregulation of the innate immune complement system in the kidney of Dahl SS rat fed a high-salt diet, leading us to hypothesize that inhibition of complement activation would attenuate development of hypertension and kidney damage. Male Dahl SS rats on a low salt (0.4% NaCl) diet were instrumented with telemeters for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Animals received saline vehicle (Control) or sCR1, a soluble form of endogenous Complement Receptor 1 (CR1; CD35) that inhibits complement activation. At Day 0, rats were switched to high salt (4.0% NaCl) diet and assigned to sCR1 (15 mg/kg per day) or Control groups with daily ip injections either days 1-7 or days 14-18. Urine was collected overnight for determination of albumin excretion. Treatment with sCR1, either immediately after high-salt diet was initiated, or at days 14-18, did not alter development of hypertension or albuminuria. The sCR1 dose effectively inhibited total hemolytic complement activity as well as C3a generation. High salt caused an increase in message for complement regulator Cd59, with minimal change in Crry that controls the C3 convertase. Thus, innate immune complement activation in the circulation is not critical for development of hypertension and kidney damage due to increased sodium intake, and therapeutic manipulation of the complement system is not indicated in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Model Evaluation of Dry Deposition to Vegetation for Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in a Multimedia Environment

Gas-phase atmospheric deposition wasevaluated in a screening level model of themultimedia environmental distribution of toxics(MEND-TOX). Algorithmic additions to MEND-TOXfor the estimation of gas-phase depositionvelocity over vegetated surfaces were analyzedusing recently published dry deposition fluxmeasurements for nitric acid. Model outputs arecompared to similar estimates from the NOAAmultilayer dry deposition model. Results of theevaluation indicate that MEND-TOX performs wellas a screening level model for the estimation ofgas-phase dry deposition velocity of nitric acidover soybeans. The present study expandsprevious laboratory results for organic speciesto include an inorganic species and open fieldand dry leaf, conditions.
Dynamic Cournot Models for Production of Exhaustible Commodities Under Stochastic Demand

We extend the dynamic Cournot model of Ludkovski and Sircar (2011) by considering stochastic demand. We analyze a duopoly between an exhaustible producer and a “green” competitor. Both producers dynamically make decisions regarding their production rates; in addition the exhaustible producer optimizes search for new reserves. The aggregate price earned by the producers switches between high and low demand regimes with exogenously given holding rates. We study how the regime changes and the relative cost of production, which is a proxy for market competitiveness, affect game equilibria, and compare with the case of deterministic demand. A novel feature driven by stochasticity of demand is that production may shut down during low demand to conserve reserves.
The Homeostatic Regulation of Our Social Neural Architecture

Living things, from the single cell on up, have remarkable regulating mechanisms. They must If they didn’t they would fall apart. They would simply die and breakdown into their many component parts. In physiology, this ability to regulate, to keep all parts working together within set limits, was first described by Claude Bernard, a French physiologist of the 19th century. However, it was Walter B. Cannon, an American physiologist, who gave these regulating processes the name “homeostasis.”14
Escape turning behavior of the cockroach

1. The wind-elicited escape turning behavior of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) receiving various unilateral lesions of the abdominal nervous system was observed using high-speed videography. Lesions were intended to cause an imbalance of wind sensory information in the cercalto-GI pathway (Fig. 1). 2. In adult cockroaches unilateral cereal ablation produced a partial shift in the direction of escape turning: a tendency to turn inappropriately toward, rather than away from, wind stimuli on the side of the ablation. However, hemisection of the abdominal nerve cord in adults produced a complete shift in the direction of turning: virtually every turn was directed toward winds on the side of the lesion. In both cases winds from the intact side still elicited turns that were appropriately directed away from the stimulus (Figs. 5, 6 and 8). Hemisection of the abdominal cord in nymphs also shifted the direction of escape turning, but not to the extent seen in adults (Figs. 7 and 8). 3. The orientation of an escape turn is determined not only by its direction but also by its angular amplitude. Rear winds normally elicit small angle turns, frontal winds also elicit larger angle turns (Fig. 9). Unilateral lesions can disrupt the direction of turning without necessarily disrupting the normal patterning of turn amplitude (Fig. 10). 4. These results are interpreted in terms of the idea that a bilateral comparison of wind evoked GI activity determines the direction of an escape turn. This type of neural integration does not appear to be essential, however, for the determination of the amplitude of an escape turn.
The number of undocumented immigrants in the United States: Estimates based on demographic modeling with data from 1990 to 2016.

We apply standard demographic principles of inflows and outflows to estimate the number of undocumented immigrants in the United States, using the best available data, including some that have only recently become available. Our analysis covers the years 1990 to 2016. We develop an estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants based on parameter values that tend to underestimate undocumented immigrant inflows and overstate outflows; we also show the probability distribution for the number of undocumented immigrants based on simulating our model over parameter value ranges. Our conservative estimate is 16.7 million for 2016, nearly fifty percent higher than the most prominent current estimate of 11.3 million, which is based on survey data and thus different sources and methods. The mean estimate based on our simulation analysis is 22.1 million, essentially double the current widely accepted estimate. Our model predicts a similar trajectory of growth in the number of undocumented immigrants over the years of our analysis, but at a higher level. While our analysis delivers different results, we note that it is based on many assumptions. The most critical of these concern border apprehension rates and voluntary emigration rates of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. These rates are uncertain, especially in the 1990’s and early 2000’s, which is when—both based on our modeling and the very different survey data approach—the number of undocumented immigrants increases most significantly. Our results, while based on a number of assumptions and uncertainties, could help frame debates about policies whose consequences depend on the number of undocumented immigrants in the United States.
Fundamental understanding of water movement in gas diffusion layer under different arrangements using combination of direct modeling and experimental visualization

Author(s): Satjaritanun, P; Hirano, S; Shum, AD; Zenyuk, IV; Weber, AZ; Weidner, JW; Shimpalee, S | Abstract: In this paper, direct-modeling-based Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) combined with in-situ flow visualization, is used to explore fundamentally the transport of liquid-water inside the gas-diffusion layers (GDLs) used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Studies of the water evolution, water saturation, and breakthrough pressure inside a GDL with single and multiple injection points under land and channel geometries are explored. The model and experiment demonstrate good agreement between geometries of GDLs provided in this study which were obtained by a three-dimensional (3-D), reconstructed micro-structure from micro X-ray computed tomography (CT). The overall predictions of water evolution within the GDL agree well with the data visualized from the X-ray CT experiment for all cases studied. It also reveals that the liquid-water saturation profiles inside the GDL and breakthrough pressure are different when the location of the water injection point is altered, thereby providing analysis as to the impact of microporous layers or catalyst-layer functioning. Moreover, the uncompressed GDL undergoes a significantly different mechanism of water transport than that of the compressed GDL. Furthermore, the predictions show that the wettability variation is one of the key factors of the saturation characteristics.
Mediating risk through young women’s marital arrangements and intimate relationships in low-income communities in urban India

This paper draws on ethnographic data collected from two low-income communities in Mumbai India to explore types of risk and intimacy associated with marital practices. A rapidly globalising India offers access to media, social networks and changing gender norms that create opportunities for young women. Concurrently, enduring patriarchal norms impact marriage and the development of intimacy. Young women whose parents decide on early arranged marriages face inequity and difficulties in establishing emotional and physical intimacy with their husbands. Some young women and their families delay an arranged marriage to ensure educational and/or career advancement, seeking a husband and family that will appreciate her independence. Young women in delayed arranged marriages are more prepared for marital relationships but may experience difficulties meeting family and career expectations and establishing intimacy. Young women who develop their own relationships that evolve into 'love' marriages can initially achieve high levels of intimacy, but the strains stemming from the loss of family support can later undermine the spousal relationship. Within and across these different marital types, there is also a great deal of fluidity and variation in young women's experiences as they adapt to globalised and patriarchal norms in urban India.
Antibacterial Activity of Plant Defensins

Plant defensins are antimicrobial host defense peptides expressed in all higher plants. Performing a significant role in plant innate immunity, plant defensins display potent activity against a wide range of pathogens. Vertebrate and invertebrate defensins have well-characterized antibacterial activity, but plant defensins are commonly considered to display antimicrobial activity against only fungi. In this review, we highlight the often-overlooked antibacterial activity of plant defensins. Also, we illustrate methods to evaluate defensins for antibacterial activity and describe the current advances in uncovering their antibacterial modes of action.
Conceptual Design of the Interaction Region Magnets for Future Electron-Ion Collider at Jefferson Lab

The JLEIC is a proposed new machine for nuclear physics research. As designed, it will deliver from 15 and 65 GeV center of mass energy collisions between electrons and nuclei. It uses the existing CEBAF accelerator as a full energy injector to deliver electrons into a new electron collider ring. A new ion accelerator and collider complex will deliver up to 100 GeV protons, or 40 GeV/nucleon ions. The machine will have luminosity goals of above 1033 cm−2 s−1 in the whole energy range with a maximum of a few 1034 cm−2 s−1. The machine has room for two interaction regions with only one initially installed. The crossing angle in the primary interaction region will be 50 mrad. The whole detector region including forward detection covers about 80 m of the JLEIC complex. This paper will describe the requirements and preliminary designs for both the ion and electron beam magnets in the complex 32-m-long interaction region around the interaction point. The interaction region has over 37 superconducting magnets operating at 4.5 K; these include dipoles, quadrupoles, skew-quadrupoles, solenoids, horizontal and vertical correctors, and higher order multipole magnets. The paper will also discuss the electromagnetic interaction between these magnets.
Economic costs of air cargo flight delays related to late package deliveries

Abstract We consider the cost of air cargo flight delay related to late package deliveries, which has received scant attention in previous research. We developed two models to estimate the costs of flight delay. First, we estimate a mixed-logit model to investigate the factors that influence late deliveries, with specific emphasis on flight on-time performance. Then we build a regression model to monetize the loss of late deliveries, using the hedonic approach to estimate the degradation in product value resulting from less reliable on-time package delivery. Estimates of flight delay costs for four representative US airports range from $8000 to $38,000 per flight-hour, with an average of about $20,000, which is roughly three times the direct operating cost per block-hour for air cargo flights estimated by GRA (2007), and also much higher than the unit flight delay cost related to passenger delay.
Cytomegalovirus Evades TRAIL-Mediated Innate Lymphoid Cell 1 Defenses.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a lifelong infection facilitated, in part, by circumventing immune defenses mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family cytokines. An example of this is the mouse CMV (MCMV) m166 protein, which restricts expression of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptors, promoting early-phase replication. We show here that replication of an MCMV mutant lacking m166 is also severely attenuated during viral persistence in the salivary glands (SG). Depleting group I innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) or infecting Trail-/- mice completely restored persistent replication of this mutant. Group I ILCs are comprised of two subsets, conventional natural killer cells (cNK) and tissue-resident cells often referred to as innate lymphoid type I cells (ILC1). Using recently identified phenotypic markers to discriminate between these two cell types, their relative expression of TRAIL and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was assessed during both early and persistent infection. ILC1 were found to be the major TRAIL expressers during both of these infection phases, with cNK expressing very little, indicating that it is ILC1 that curtail replication via TRAIL in the absence of m166-imposed countermeasures. Notably, despite high TRAIL expression by SG-resident ILC1, IFN-γ production by both ILC1 and cNK was minimal at this site of viral persistence. Together these results highlight TRAIL as a key ILC1-utilized effector molecule that can operate in defense against persistent infection at times when other innate control mechanisms may be muted and highlight the importance for the evolution of virus-employed countermeasures.IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus (a betaherpesvirus) is a master at manipulating immune responses to promote its lifelong persistence, a result of millions of years of coevolution with its host. Using a one-of-a-kind MCMV mutant unable to restrict expression of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptors (TRAIL-DR), we show that TRAIL-DR signaling significantly restricts both early and persistent viral replication. Our results also reveal that these defenses are employed by TRAIL-expressing innate lymphoid type I cells (ILC1) but not conventional NK cells. Overall, our results are significant because they show the key importance of viral counterstrategies specifically neutralizing TRAIL effector functions mediated by a specific, tissue-resident subset of group I ILCs.
When virtue is not an option: Decision making in unhealthy food choices.

Background:Health conscious consumers often make choices from constrained sets of food options, such as a restaurant menu, in which healthy options may not be present.Aim:The aim of this research w...
Evolutionary significance of genotypic variation in developmental reaction norms for a perennial grass under competitive stress

The developmental reaction norm (DRN) represents the set of ontogenetic trajectories that can be produced by a genotype exposed to different environmental conditions. Genetic variation in the DRN for growth traits and in the patterns of biomass allocation is critical to phenotypic evolution in heterogeneous environments. The DRN and patterns of biomass allocation were investigated in 11 clones of the caespitose, corm-forming, perennial grass Phleum pratense in relation to competitive stress imparted by Lolium perenne in a 16 week glasshouse experiment. A separate experiment assessed the ability of basal buds flanking a corm to sprout and the relationship of corm mass to sprout mass for the same clones. Corm fresh mass varied among clones and was significantly correlated with the dry mass of the tillers that sprouted from basal buds. In the competition experiment, clones in competitive environments varied significantly from those in non-competetive environments in terms of their DRNs for number of tillers and shoot dry mass. Thus, selection of DRNs would favour different genotypes in the two environments and at different times. Significant negative genetic correlations were detected for tiller number and mean tiller mass in the noncompetitive, but not the competitive, environment. Biomass allocation to stem bases was significantly greater for clones under competitive stress. Allocation to storage tissues such as corms may be adaptive if it enhances persistence in the competitive field environments typically occupied by caespitose grasses. Root and shoot allocation showed a significant clone by competition interaction. For P. pratense, genotypic variation in growth trajectories plays an important role in determining variation in individual performance, a condition necessary for the continued evolution of the DRN.
Universal Trusted Computing Bases

For any system with a desired set of assurances, the trusted computing base (TCB) includes every component that needs to be trusted to realize the desired assurances. In other words, the assumptions regarding the integrity of the TCB components, and more importantly, only the assumption of integrity of the TCB is required to realize all desired assurances for the system.
CAD of RF and microwave circuits and modules

Computer-aided design (CAD) and simulators are essential tools that help in expediting the process of implementing theoretical concepts into practical designs and offer an insight into the behavior of a complex problem. CAD facilitates testing design ideas before putting them into practice and more importantly before building a physical prototype. In fact, it is becoming imperative for design engineers to carry out simulations on standalone circuits as well as on large modules before deciding on manufacturing them. In this chapter, the discussion is on the generic aspects of CAD and modeling of RF and microwave circuits and the commonly used simulation methods in terms of their inherent assumptions and limitations.
An incentive-based health program using MyPlate: a pilot study analyzing college students' dietary intake behavior.

Is dietary education, incentivized by financial rewards, effective in achieving improved dietary intake behavior of college students? Participants: Fifty-seven undergraduates (18–24 years old), non...
Static security control method to solve UPFC near area equipment overload

At present, the fast adjustment characteristics of UPFC are used to solve the static security problem in the near area, but the control objectives are determined beforehand, without considering the change of the actual operation mode and the economy. In this paper, UPFC is taken as the static security control and optimization measure to solve the overload of UPFC near area equipment. Firstly, the effectiveness of UPFC static security control is determined. Then, UPFC control objectives are determined by using cluster parallel computing. Finally, UPFC adopts a given control mode and setting value, and conventional control measures are used as supplement continue to eliminate the static insecurity. The actual data analysis results of Southern Jiangsu show that the method proposed can effectively solve the UPFC near area static security problem and optimize the network loss.
Robert Frost and “Something”

Frost considers science and the mathematics necessary for the pursuit of science to be a powerful and pervasive part of modern life. When he discusses the composition of poetry, however, he speaks of it in terms that are antithetical to scientific and mathematical precision. Instead, he stipulates that vagueness and imprecision are necessary prerequisites for the creation of a poem. Furthermore, he suggests that self-awareness and social relations are inextricably linked to vagueness and imprecision.
Overview of Performing Arts Medicine

sPerforming artists’ medical problems have likely existed for a long time but received attention from healthcare professionals only in recent years. The chapter traces important publications and events in the nineteenth and early twentieth century pertaining to the emergence of performing arts medicine. An overview of the development of performing arts medicine as a field of study along with the Performing Arts Medicine Association (PAMA) that was originated in the 1980s is discussed specifically focused on the development of music medicine, dance medicine, and voice medicine. The chapter concludes with a prospect of the field in the twenty-first century and its viability forward.
Inferior Domestic Treaty Institutions Lead to Less Democracy and Security: The Case of the United States

At present, the United States institution handling international agreements is replete with uncertainty about the precise role of different branches of the government and the rules government actor...
Hospital Collaboration in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kansas City Metropolitan Region

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, aka COVID-19) virus has evolved into a World Health Organization-declared pandemic which has strained our regional critical care and hospital resources. Methods A Critical Care Task Force was established between Kansas City area intensive care units to allow for preparedness for potential surges by sharing of bed capacity both in the ICU and hospital, and ventilator capacity as well as weekly web-based meetings to share resource concerns and best practice. This Task Force also collected patient information to understand the dynamics of community impact and resource needs better. This effort allowed for compilation and dissemination of information regarding data that describe characteristics of patients with COVID-19 compared to a random sample of medical ICU patients with conditions other than COVID-19.Demographic and therapeutic factors affecting patients admitted to medical intensive care units in the Kansas City metro area are reported from May 5, 2020 until June 2, 2020 using a retrospective case-control study examining gender, race, and therapeutic options including modes of ventilation, vasopressor requirements, renal-replacement therapy, and disposition. Results During data collection, patients being treated for COVID-19 in intensive care units in the Kansas City metropolitan area were more likely to be older, less likely to be white, and less likely to be immunosuppressed as compared to those being treated for non-COVID illnesses. They were more likely to require non-invasive ventilation and undergo prone positioning but were equally likely to require invasive ventilation and other organ supportive therapy. Conclusions Hospitalized patients being treated for COVID-19 in the Kansas City metropolitan area have similar demographics to those being reported in the U.S. including age and race. Additionally, establishing a Critical Care Task Force in response to the pandemic allowed for preparation for a potential surge, establishing capacity, and disseminating timely information to policy makers and critical care workers on the front line.
Does Timing of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting Affect the Need for Additional Bone Augmentation Prior to Implant Placement at Cleft Sites

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence the need for a supplemental bone graft prior to dental implant placement at previously grafted alveolar cleft sites. Patients and Methods Retrospective case series of patients with cleft lip/palate who had both alveolar bone grafting (ABG) and placement of a dental implant(s) to replace a missing incisor(s) at the cleft site by the senior surgeon (BLP) at Boston Children's Hospital from 2005 through 2020. Primary outcome variable was need for a supplemental bone graft prior to dental implant placement. Predictor variables included gender, cleft type (unilateral vs. bilateral), implant site, number of implants placed, age at ABG and implant placement, time between ABG and implant, history of maxillary expansion and whether the patient had a Le Fort I osteotomy to correct maxillary hypoplasia before implant placement. Descriptive statistics were computed and comparative analyses were performed using Pearson X2, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results There were 84 implants placed in 59 patients (64.2% female) with cleft lip and palate who had alveolar bone grafting of which 57.1% (n = 48) required a supplemental graft prior to placement. Median time (IQR) from alveolar bone grafting to implant placement was significantly longer in patients who required additional grafting (8.1 versus 5.4 years, P Conclusions Patients with cleft lip and/or palate who undergo alveolar bone grafting should be counseled that they are likely to require a supplemental bone graft prior to implant placement.
Goals of Care Conversations and Subsequent Advance Care Planning Outcomes for People with Dementia

Author(s): Ma, Heather; Kiekhofer, Rachel E; Hooper, Sarah M; Dulaney, Sarah; Possin, Katherine L; Chiong, Winston | Abstract: BackgroundAdvance care planning has been shown to improve end of life decision-making for people with dementia. However, the impact of goals of care conversations between people with dementia and their caregivers has not been characterized.ObjectiveIn this study, we evaluate the association between goals of care conversations and advance care planning outcomes.MethodsRetrospective advance care planning measures were collected via a questionnaire administered to 166 caregivers after the death of the person with dementia for whom they provided care.ResultsAt time of death, the majority of decedents with dementia had advance directives, health care agents, and previous goals of care conversations with their caregiver. Goals of care conversations were significantly associated with the perceived usefulness of advance directives, the perceived adherence to advance directives, and decedent dying at their desired place of death, but not with disagreements around end-of-life care.ConclusionOur findings suggest that goals of care conversations are an important component of advance care planning. These findings support the development of interventions that facilitate such conversations between people with dementia and their caregivers.
Framing Knowledge: Global Youth Culture as Knowledge Society (Research in Progress)

Widespread distribution of Japanese comics (manga) is part of a global youth culture that can be viewed as a knowledge society. The paper presents research in progress about how knowledge is being “framed” by young people through established forms or structures, through discipline associated with active learning and participation, and through thoughtful reflection and discussion with peers. Historical and qualitative methodologies are emphasized.
Apparent horizon and gravitational thermodynamics of the Universe: Solutions to the temperature and entropy confusions, and extensions to modified gravity

The thermodynamics of the Universe is restudied by requiring its compatibility with the holographic-style gravitational equations that govern the dynamics of both the cosmological apparent horizon and the entire Universe, and possible solutions are proposed to the existent confusions regarding the apparent-horizon temperature and the cosmic entropy evolution. We start from the generic Lambda cold dark matter cosmology of general relativity to establish a framework for the gravitational thermodynamics. The Cai--Kim Clausius equation $\ensuremath{\delta}Q={T}_{\mathrm{A}}d{S}_{\mathrm{A}}=\ensuremath{-}d{E}_{\mathrm{A}}=\ensuremath{-}{A}_{\mathrm{A}}{\mathbit{\ensuremath{\psi}}}_{t}$ for the isochoric process of an instantaneous apparent horizon indicates that the Universe and its horizon entropies encode the positive-heat-out thermodynamic sign convention, which encourages us to adjust the traditional positive-heat-in Gibbs equation into the positive-heat-out version $d{E}_{m}=\ensuremath{-}{T}_{m}d{S}_{m}\ensuremath{-}{P}_{m}dV$. It turns out that the standard and the generalized second laws (GSLs) of nondecreasing entropies are always respected by the event-horizon system as long as the expanding Universe is dominated by nonexotic matter $\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\le}{w}_{m}\ensuremath{\le}1$, while for the apparent-horizon simple open system, the two second laws hold if $\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\le}{w}_{m}l\ensuremath{-}1/3$; also, the artificial local equilibrium assumption is abandoned in the GSL. All constraints regarding entropy evolution are expressed by the equation-of-state parameter, which shows that from a thermodynamic perspective the phantom dark energy is less favored than the cosmological constant and the quintessence. Finally, the whole framework is extended from general relativity and Lambda cold dark matter to modified gravities with field equations ${R}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{-}R{g}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}/2=8\ensuremath{\pi}{G}_{\text{eff}}{T}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{(\text{eff})}$. Furthermore, this paper argues that the Cai--Kim temperature is more suitable than Hayward, both temperatures are independent of the inner or outer trappedness of the apparent horizon, and the Bekenstein--Hawking and Wald entropies cannot unconditionally apply to the event and particle horizons.
A Device Centric Communication System for 5G Networks

Fifth Generation 5G networks hold the promise of features and performance levels that is going to put the conventional cellular communication paradigm through rigorous challenges. This paper presents a novel architecture for a 5G network which will be capable of mobile device centric communication regardless of the presence of a Base Station BS. The major contribution of this paper, lies in the proposed system and protocol design of a Device-to-Device D2D communication system for 5G mobile system. The proposed design has two sub-categories-a fully device centric and b partially device centric. Additionally, the devices have been designed to communicate independently or with partial dependency on support from the BS. The system has been simulated under various parameters. The simulation results showcased in this paper highlights the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed design.
Development of the Vertebrate Cornea

Publisher Summary The development of the avian cornea involves a remarkable continuum of highly coordinated events. The corneal epithelium is the first of the component tissues to differentiate. This ectodermal derivative, with the help of the lens, secretes the highly ordered primary stroma composed of orthogonally arranged collagen fibrils embedded in a chondroitin sulfate (CS)-rich matrix. The fibroblasts of the avian cornea may produce the first fibronectin to appear within the stroma, although fibronectin is present earlier on the posterior stromal surface and lens. Several striking events occur together during the period of stromal condensation. An enzyme—hyaluronidase—appears, which may remove hyaluronic acid (HA), contributing to the dehydration that begins next to the endothelium and leads to the compaction of the posterior stroma. The dehydration of the stroma and acquisition of transparency are triggered by thyroxine. Thyroxine accelerates interdigitation of endothelial cells and conceivably tells this tissue to begin pumping water out of the cornea. The mitogenic effect of thyroxine on mammalian corneal epithelium in situ is mimicked by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EFG), both of which stimulate stratification.
Extra-Articular Impingement: Ischiofemoral Impingement and Trochanteric-Pelvic

Extra-articular impingement refers to abnormal contact that occurs outside the normal femoral head-neck junction and acetabulum that is classically described in femoroacetabular impingement. This article focuses on 2 causes of extra-articular impingement: ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) and greater trochanteric-pelvic impingement. IFI occurs between the ischium and lesser trochanter of the femur, whereas GTPI is an entity involving the ilium and greater trochanter of the femur. IFI compresses the quadratus femoris muscle and hamstring origin, leading to posterior-based hip pain in positions of adduction and external rotation. Magnetic resonance imaging may show a decreased ischiofemoral distance and increased signal within the quadratus femoris muscle. Treatment should initially be nonoperative, with injections providing both a diagnostic and therapeutic option. Surgery is reserved for those who fail conservative treatment and consists of either open or arthroscopic anterior or posterior osseous decompression or quadratus femoris muscle release. GTPI is typically seen because of Perthes disease or other morphologic abnormality in the hip. Patients demonstrate limited abduction in relative hip extension and plain radiographs can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically consists of open trochanteric advancement.
Analysis of antibody staining patterns obtained with striated myofibrils in fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy.

Publisher Summary Antibody staining methods have been used in both fluorescence and electron microscopy to identify the presence and distribution of protein in the myofibril. For fluorescence microscopy, the antibody is tagged with fluorescein and its localization in the myofibril is determined by observing the fluorescence of the conjugate. In electron microscopy an initial attempt is made to use mercury as a tag to identify the localization of the antibody. However, the greatest progress has been made using unlabeled antibody. In the myofibril, using both fluorescence and electron microscopy, it has been possible to obtain information concerning the molecular organization and interactions of some of the myofibrillar proteins being localized. The details of the antibody staining patterns obtained with myofibrils have been interpreted as either contradicting the sliding filament model for muscle contraction or agreeing with it. The myofibrillar proteins which have been studied are myosin, actin, tropomyosin, and troponin. Of these, the most work has been done on myosin. In general glycerinated fibrils have been used for staining. The chapter discusses the use of antibodies for the study of the striated myofibril and general considerations for the interpretation of antibody staining patterns. Analysis of antibody staining patterns in terms of distribution, organization, and interaction of protein molecules in the myofibril is presented in the chapter.
Mechanisms of impaired renal function with PEEP

Deterioration in renal function associated with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been attributed to renal hypoperfusion from the fall in cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure. Using a canine in vivo model, renal function was measured during control, zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), and PEEP (5, 10, and 15 cm H2O) ventilatory cycles, while renal blood flow was maintained constant with a pump. High PEEP (15 cm H2O) led to a rise in renal vein pressure (RVP) and a fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP). PEEP resulted in no change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or solute exertion; however, free-water clearance (FWC) became less negative in the 15-cm H2O PEEP group. Intrarenal autoregulation maintains GFR during ventilation with PEEP when renal blood flow is constant, supporting the view that altered filtration and solute excretion clinically is secondary to changes in aortic pressure and renal perfusion.