cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin wave generation by surface acoustic waves

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) on piezoelectric substrates can excite spin wave resonance (SWR) in magnetostrictive films through magnetoelastic coupling. This acoustically driven SWR enables the excitation of a single spin wave mode with an in-plane wave vector k matched to the magnetoelastic wave vector. A 2D frequency domain finite element model is presented that fully couples elastodynamics, micromagnetics, and piezoelectricity with interface spin pumping effects taken into account. It is used to simulate SAW driven SWR on a ferromagnetic and piezoelectric heterostructure device with an interdigital transducer configuration. These results, for the first time, present the spatial distribution of magnetization components that, together with elastic wave, exponentially decays along the propagation direction due to magnetic damping. The results also show that the system transmission rate S21(dB) can be tuned by both an external bias field and the SAW wavevector. Acoustic spin pumping at magnetic film/normal metal interface leads to damping enhancement in magnetic films that decreases the energy absorption rate from elastic energy. This weakened interaction between the magnetic energy and elastic energy leads to a lower evanescence rate of the SAW that results in a longer distance propagation. With strong magnetoelastic coupling, the SAW driven spin wave is able to propagate up to 1200 μm. The results give a quantitative indication of the acoustic spin pumping contribution to linewidth broadening.
Poor Speech Perception Is Not a Core Deficit of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings

Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is hypothesized to arise from deficits in speech motor planning and programming, but the influence of abnormal speech perception in CAS on these processes ...
Wearable inertial energy harvester with sputtered bimorph lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin-film beams

Energy harvesting from human motion addresses the growing need for self-powered wearable health monitoring systems which require 24/7 operation. Human motion is characterized by low and irregular frequencies, large amplitudes, and multi-axial motion, all of which limit the performance of conventional translational energy harvesters. An eccentric rotor-based rotational approach originally used in self-winding watches has been adopted to address the challenge. This paper presents a three-dimensional generalized rotational harvester model that considers both linear and rotational excitations. A hypothetical power upper bound for such architectures derived using this generalized model demonstrated the possibility for harvesting significantly more energy compared to existing devices. A wrist-worn piezoelectric rotational energy harvester was designed and fabricated attempting to narrow this gap between existing devices and the theoretical upper bound. The harvester utilizes sputtered bimorph PZT/nickel/PZT thin-film beams to accommodate the need for both flexibility and high piezoelectric figure of merit in order to realize a multi-beam wearable harvester. The prototype was characterized using a bench-top swing arm set-up to validate the system-level model, which provides many degrees of freedom for optimization.
Observation of Scattering in the Lithosphere

Three types of observations of scattering in the lithosphere may be made. Observations of forward scattering have been carried out using the fluctuations of amplitude and phase of teleseismic P arrivals at arrays. Back scattering of shear waves may be observed in the coda of local earthquakes following direct S. Total scattering may be observed in studies of seismic attenuation (Q), where loss of energy due to scattering is described by the turbidity g = w/(vQs), where w = angular frequency, v = seismic velocity, and Qs= Q due to scattering. Two single-scattering theories have been used in the past to describe scattering. Random medium theory, in which the seismic velocity is considered to have random fluctuations with a specified autocorrelation, has been used to interpret fluctuations and Q. Discrete scatterer theory, in which the scattering has been considered as due to scatterers of a finite size randomly distributed, has been used in backscattering observations. A significant difference between the theories is seen in backscattering and total scattering situations. The individual scatterers in discrete scattering theories in general backscatter and total scatter efficiently for ka ≥ 1, where k is wavenumber of the seismic wave and a is the linear dimension of the individual scatterers.
Use of trigger point injections in chronic pelvic pain

In order to fully evaluate the woman with chronic pelvic pain, the clinician must consider the possibility of abdominal wall pain. A useful technique in both diagnosis and treatment may be trigger point injections.
Commoditizing Creditor Control

Scholars have long lamented that the growth of modern finance has given way to a decline in corporate governance. According to current theory, the expansive use of derivatives that enable lenders to trade away the default risk of their loan book has made these lenders uninterested, even reckless, when it comes to exercising creditor discipline. In contrast to conventional wisdom, this Article argues that such derivatives can prove a positive and powerful influence in corporate governance. Theory has overlooked those who sell credit protection to lenders and assume default risk on the borrower. These protection-sellers are left holding the economic risk of a loan, but without any legal control rights to safeguard their exposure. This Article demonstrates that the interests of lenders and protection sellers are not adversarial, as theory conventionally assumes. Rather, each side has considerable incentive to cooperate as a way to reduce their own costs of participating in the debt market and to preserve reputational capital. In harnessing these cooperative incentives, this Article proposes a market for creditor control as a cure to the crisis in creditor governance. Such a market allows lenders and protection-sellers to trade control rights in debt to ensure that these are held by those with real economic skin in the game. This market offers a fix to an otherwise difficult and costly problem in corporate governance: the misalignment seen in modern markets between those who hold economic risk in debt and those best incentivized to control it.
Distributed Piezoelectric Transducers Applied To Identification, Control, And Micro-Isolation

“Smart” robotic manipulators and machine structures/components with integrated self-monitoring and control capabilities are becoming of importance in recent development of new-generation intelligent manufacturing systems. In this report, a generic integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator design and its applications to “smart” machines/robots are presented. A generic multi-layered piezoelectric sensor/actuator theory for a generic distributed parameter system (a shell continuum) is derived using Love’s theory, Hamilton’s principle, and linear piezoelectric theory. The derived equation can be simplified to account for many other common geometries (e.g., plates, cylinders, beams, etc.) which are the basic components of robotic and machine structures/components. A simple reduction procedure is proposed and examples are demonstrated in case studies. Physical systems which include a flexible manipulator, a “smart” high-precision micro-actuator are studied analytically and experimentally.
Advanced Technologies: Paperless Hospital, the Cost and the Benefits

Healthcare in the twenty-first century has significantly evolved over the last 100 years or so with the integration of telecommunication and information technologies. Concomitant with sensors, data storage systems, and other nascent technologies available today, paper in medicine is slowly disappearing. The convergence of these technologies permits us to manage our lives and manage our healthcare in different ways. In the nineteenth century, the medical community practiced based on what is new at the time. New technologies often took generations to become fully integrated. Today, technologies change so rapidly, and the healthcare system cannot keep pace. There are challenges to the “paperless” hospital, including cybersecurity and data integrity. However, smart people are addressing these issues. There are also costs and benefits to integrating technologies into medical care. This chapter presents a review of computing power, telecommunications, imaging, sensors, artificial intelligence, and – probably the most important attribute in this new paradigm – the human. Advanced technologies and its integration in modern medicine are the only way to address the disparities and inequities in the continuum of care from the cradle to the grave. Without innovation, patients must wait longer, data sets become unwielding, and every aspect of the system suffers. As we move into the second quarter of the twenty-first century, we must be vigilant in our investment in technology and evaluate the costs and the benefits.
The Kubler-Ross change curve and the flipped classroom: Moving students past the pit of despair

Change is hard. The flipped classroom, while a powerful and growing force in medical education, is a major change for many health professions' students. Instructors may avoid “flipping” due to anticipated student resistance and poor course evaluations. The business community has developed specific guidelines on how to manage change using the Kubler-Ross death and dying change curve. This article suggests the change curve and related management strategies can and should be applied to flipped classroom scenarios. Action steps are provided for each stage that can help students move from stress and frustration (“I can't learn this way”) to integrated learning as fast as possible, while simultaneously allowing the full advantages of the flipped classroom to be realized.
UNIT 18.10 Use of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors

Reversible protein phosphorylation is recognized as a major mechanism regulating the physiology of plant and animal cells. Virtually every biochemical process within eukaryotic cells is controlled by the covalent modification of key regulatory proteins. This in turn dictates the cellular response to a variety of physiological and environmental stimuli; errors in signals transduced by phosphoproteins contribute to many human diseases. Thus, defining protein phosphorylation events, and specifically, the phosphoproteins involved, is crucial for obtaining a better understanding of the physiological events that distinguish normal and diseased states. Protein phosphatase inhibitors are useful when deciphering physiological events regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation but the hormonal stimuli or signaling pathways involved are not known. They are also useful in analyzing the impact of hormones and other physiological stimuli on the function of a specific phosphoprotein. This unit describes protocols for inhibiting cellular phosphorylation activity with okadaic acid, microcystin-LR, and PP2B/calcineurin and a widely utilized strategy for inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases.
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Abstract The world is experiencing a growth in the elderly population. As of 2012, there were 43.2 million people over the age of 65 in the United States alone, and that number is estimated to double by 2050. One of the major costs associated with aging is related to dementia, which affects 35 million people globally and is estimated to cost US$604 billion. Yet, the issue of dementia is escalating. The World Health Organization has estimated that the number of people living with dementia will double by 2030 and triple by 2050. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, with a focus on how sleep and cognition interact in these conditions. Moreover, we will expand on the role of sleep disordered breathing in understanding dementia in older adults and the potential of treating sleep disorders to benefit cognition and quality of life in patients with mild cognitive disorder or dementia. Last, we will outline several future research directions still necessary to understand how sleep disturbances might precede or exacerbate dementia and which sleep treatments are likely to be feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in patients with cognitive impairment.
Surgical management of urolithiasis in octogenarians

Objective:The objective of this study was to report the outcomes of octogenarians undergoing surgical treatment for urolithiasis.Materials and methods:We performed a retrospective review of patient...
What Stimulates the Development of De Novo Donor Specific Antibodies in Cardiac Transplant Recipients

Introduction The formation of de novo donor specific antibodies (dDSAs) has been implicated in the development of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after cardiac transplantation. dDSAs can develop at any time following transplantation and are associated with a poor prognosis, but the reason dDSAs develop after the initial injury of the transplant surgery is unknown. Since the detection of dDSAs often triggers the use of potentially toxic therapies to reduce these antibodies, it is important to understand whether dDSAs are a mediator of poor outcomes or a marker of a harmful underlying process. Hypothesis In some cases, the development of dDSAs is precipitated by the development of CAV or other myocardial injury which can expose myocardial cell epitopes. Methods We reviewed the medical record of 217 patients followed at our institution who underwent heart transplantation between 2014 and 2017, were not desensitized prior to transplant and did not have pre-transplant donor specific antibodies. Of these, we identified 36 patients with dDSAs, 16 of whom did not develop dDSAs until ≥ 6 months post-transplant, as detected by the modern bead-based multiplex assay on routine measurement every 3 months. Results Major findings are shown in Figure 1. In 10 of 16 patients with dDSAs but without evidence of AMR, CAV diagnosis or significant elevation in BNP suggestive of myocardial injury preceded dDSA development. Conclusions These findings suggest that CAV or other myocardial injury may precede the development of dDSAs in some cardiac transplant recipients and would explain why dDSAs signal a poor prognosis. These findings may shift the therapeutic focus from direct suppression of dDSAs to earlier detection, prevention and therapy of CAV or other injury that may trigger these antibodies' delayed appearance.
To teach or not teach controversial public issues in Taiwan

ABSTRACTThis study is aimed at exploring how teachers make curricular-instructional decisions regarding teaching contemporary controversial public issues in Taiwan (e.g., national identity, soverei...
Economic Equality and Social Solidarity: MLK’s Neglected Legacies

While the Martin Luther King, Jr. of legend is portrayed as a solitary figure, by the end of his life he had become determined to grow the Civil Rights Movement far beyond a “small striking force” of activists. He envisioned a much broader base of people seeking transformation, tied together in “long term relationships”, organized “solidly and simultaneously in thousands of places.” Further, while we know generally that his policy scope had broadened beyond racism to include poverty and militarism, now is a good time to examine how deeply he interrogated all three. Reviewing his last book, Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos Or Community?, Prof. McDougall shows how Dr. King forecast many of the issues that trouble us today. The book also provides pathways to resolution, including social solidarity to combat racism and a “Bill of Rights for the Disadvantaged” to combat economic inequality.
Spine Fusions, Yoga Instructors, and Hip Fractures: The Role of Dual Mobility in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Despite the increased use of dual mobility (DM) in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), debate exists regarding the indications for its use. No specific algorithm exists to guide this decision-making process. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize the currently available literature regarding the use of DM in primary THA and provide evidence-based guidelines based on specific patient populations and risk factors for instability. Methods We reviewed the current literature for studies evaluating risk factors for dislocation in primary THA, as well as the clinical use and results of DM in primary THA. Based on the strength of the literature, we discuss the use of DM in specific patient populations. We provide a decision-making algorithm to determine whether a patient may be indicated for DM in primary THA. Results Surgeons should consider preoperative patient demographics, risk factors for instability (eg, significant hip-spine issues), type of procedure to be performed (eg, conversion arthroplasty), and indications for surgery (eg, THA for femoral neck fracture). Based on this algorithmic assessment, DM may be warranted in the primary THA setting if a patient’s combined risk reaches an established threshold based on the literature. Conclusion This evidence-based algorithm may help guide current practice in the use of DM in primary THA. We advocate the continued judicious use of DM in hip arthroplasty. Longer term studies are needed in order to evaluate the durability of DM, as well as any complications related to the DM articulation.
Exploring the Impact of a Community School Reform Initiative on the Literacy Achievement of Middle Level English Language Learners

Inequitable learning opportunities are a leading contributor to the persistent literacy achievement gaps evident between historically marginalized students and their more affluent peers. This study...
TP53 mutations increase radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.

p53 plays a key role in the DNA repair process and response to ionising radiation. We sought to determine the clinical phenotype of TP53 mutations and p53 pathway alterations in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) treated with radiation. Of patients with available genomic sequencing, we identified 109 patients with RMS and ES treated to a total of 286 radiation sites. We compared irradiated tumour control among tumours with TP53 mutations (n = 40) to those that were TP53 wild-type (n = 246). We additionally compared irradiated tumour control among tumours with any p53 pathway alteration (defined as tumours with TP53 mutations or TP53 wild-type tumours identified to have MDM2/4 amplification and/or CDKN2A/B deletion, n = 78) to those without such alterations (n = 208). The median follow-up was 26 months from radiation. TP53 mutations were associated with worse irradiated tumour control among the entire cohort (hazard ratio, HR = 2.8, P < 0.0001). Tumours with any p53 pathway alteration also had inferior irradiated tumour control (HR = 2.0, P = 0.003). On multivariable analysis, after controlling for tumour histology, intent of radiation, presence of gross disease, and biologically effective dose, TP53 mutations continued to be associated with a radioresistant phenotype (HR = 7.1, P < 0.0001). Our results show that TP53 mutations are associated with increased radioresistance in RMS and ES. Novel strategies to overcome this radioresistance are important for improved outcomes in p53 disruptive RMS and ES.
A 192 nW 0.02 Hz High Pass Corner Acoustic Analog Front-End with Automatic Saturation Detection and Recovery

We present an acoustic analog front-end with a 100TΩ feedback resistance that is robust to PT variation (1.8× deviation across –40 to 80°C and 0.035× σ/µ across 16 measured samples) and achieves a 3.3× reduction in input referred noise (IRN). It eliminates an input frequency and phase dependent systematic offset introduced by a similar previous technique [5] and introduces automatic saturation detection and feedback resistance modulation for fast amplifier restabilization, yielding 10× improvement in artifact recovery time. The technique was implemented in a 192 nW LNA + PGA + ADC chain.
Analyst Behavior Following IPOs: The “Bubble Period” Evidence

We examine over 7400 analyst recommendations made in the year after going public for IPOs from 1999 to 2000. Initiations of coverage at the end of the quiet period come almost exclusively from affiliated analysts, whereas initiations afterward are predominantly from unaffiliated analysts. Contrary to previous findings, we find no evidence that the market discounts recommendations from affiliated analysts once we control for recommendation characteristics and timing. Moreover, analyst coverage in the first year is not affected by underpricing, and after the flurry of initiations at the end of the quiet period, the number of analysts covering a firm during the following 11 months is unrelated to the number of managing underwriters. (JEL G12, G14, G24)
Mediation of the Relationship of Acculturation With Glycemic Control in Asian Americans With Diabetes.

PURPOSE To assess the role of physical activity and healthcare access in mediating the association of acculturation with cardiometabolic health in Asian American adults with diabetes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. SUBJECTS Non-pregnant Asian American adults with doctor diagnosed diabetes. MEASURES Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high acculturation status. Self-reported leisure-time, work, and transportation-based physical activity were summed for overall physical activity. Health insurance, frequency of healthcare receipt, and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) check in the past year indicated healthcare access. Cardiometabolic health indicators included HbA1c, total and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ANALYSIS Linear and logistic regression estimates, standardized using y-standardization, and assessed mediation of acculturation with cardiometabolic health. RESULTS Low acculturation was significantly related to greater leisure-time inactivity odds [OR (95% CI) = 2.25 (1.05, 4.82)], overall insufficient activity [OR (95% CI) = 2.30 (1.12, 4.74)], and uninsured status [OR (95% CI) = 5.62 (1.55, 20.41)]. Asian Americans with low acculturation had significantly higher log HbA1c than those with high acculturation (β ± SE = .078 ± .038); however, this association was not significant after adjusting for leisure-time activity. Leisure-time activity mediated 48.9% of acculturation and HbA1c association, and the indirect effect was statistically significant [estimate (95% CI) = .021 (.002, 0.047)]. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that promoting sufficient leisure-time activity could improve glycemic control in least acculturated Asian Americans with diabetes.
Categorization of Types and Application of Lexical Rules

The term Lexical Rule (LR) can refer to a wide range of real and virtual mechanisms in theoretical and computational systems. This paper discusses three choices regarding the use of LRs that a system developer needs to make when starting a system-building effort for a practical NLP system. The possible choices for three parameters are described, as are the interactions and trade-offs of the various choices. The first parameter addresses the scope of linguistic phenomena covered by the lexical rule mechanism, potentially including derivational word formation, inflectional morphology, regular polysemy, among others. The second parameter addresses the application of LRs in a computational system, whether at lexicon acquisition time, lexicon load time, or at run time. The third parameter addresses the triggering and constraining mechanisms of LR applicability, needed to avoid overgeneration. We identify the approaches to LRs in some of the other papers in this volume and in other recent publications, according to this categorization.
Women and the Field Experience: Toward a Model of Nonsexist Field-Based Learning Conditions.

Abstract This paper concerns the development of nonsexist field conditions. Application of information about gender bias in social work beyond the classroom is needed because of the centrality of field experience to social work education. Basing our analysis on a systems approach, we identify barriers to the natural evolution of nonsexist field experiences. Barriers include those endemic to the systems and individuals involved in the field program. Given the nature of the systems involved and the unlikelihood of evolutionary change, changes should be initiated by social work faculty.
Encoding Bounded-Diameter Spanning Trees with Permutations and with Random Keys

Permutations of vertices can represent constrained spanning trees for evolutionary search via a decoder based on Prim’s algorithm, and random keys can represent permutations. Though we might expect that random keys, with an additional level of indirection, would provide inferior performance compared with permutations, a genetic algorithm that encodes spanning trees with random keys is as effective as one whose genotypes are permutations of vertices in comparisons on a variety of instances of the bounded-diameter minimum spanning tree problem. These results suggest that either coding may be used, at the programmer’s convenience, in evolutionary algorithms for problems involving constrained spanning trees.
Managing parallel disks for continuous media data

In this study we present a scheme called two-dimensional BubbleUp (2DB) to manage parallel disks for continuous media data. Its goals is to reduce initial latency for interactive multimedia applications, while balancing disk loads to maintain high throughput. The 2DB scheme consists of a data placement hand request scheduling policy. The data placement policy replicates frequently accessed data and places them cyclically throughout the disks. The request scheduling policy attempts to maintain free "service slots" in the immediate future. These slots can then be used to quickly service newly arrived request and fast-scan requests. Through examples and simulation, we show that our scheme significantly reduces initial latency and maintains throughput comparable to that of the traditional schemes.
Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization Rates in Winter Wheat Production as Affected by Risk, Disease, and Nitrogen Source

Interactions among the nitrogen (N) fertilization rate, N source, and disease severity can affect mean yield and yield variance in conservation tillage wheat production. A Just-Pope model was used to evaluate the effects of N rate, N source, and disease on the spring N-fertilization decision. Ammonium nitrate (AN) was the utility-maximizing N source, regardless of risk preferences. The net-return-maximizing AN rate was 92 lb N/acre, providing 35.11/acre.
Heating and Plasma Properties in a Coaxial Gasdynamic Pulsed Plasma Thruster

§ 0.3 eV. The ion Mach number ui/cm is generally supersonic with a value of 3.0 § 0.5. When the arrival time of peak ne is measured, an ion velocity of 34 km/s is indicated. A magnetic probe survey was used to measure magnetic e eld strength and identify enclosed current contours.
Hydrolyzed feather meal as a protein source for growing calves.

Growth, digestion and in situ studies were conducted to determine the protein value of hydrolyzed feather meal (Fth) for growing ruminants. Dacron bags containing blood meal (BM), Fth, corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) were suspended in the rumen of two steers for 12 h to estimate escape protein. The escape protein value for Fth, 69.1%, was less than that for BM (82.8%) and CGM (80.4%; P less than .05) but greater than that for SBM (26.6%; P less than .05). Apparent protein digestion by lambs was similar (P greater than .10) for isonitrogenous diets containing urea (U), BM, Fth, CGM and SBM. Amino acid contents of the protein sources before vs after a 12-h ruminal in situ digestion were similar (P greater than .10). In a growth study, a basal diet of 80% ensiled corncobs and 20% alfalfa was fed to 60 individually fed crossbred steers (215 kg BW). Steers were supplemented with U, BM, Fth, 1/2 BM:1/2 Fth, 1/2 BM:1/2 CGM and 1/3 BM:1/3 Fth:1/3 CGM (protein basis). Protein sources were fed at 30, 45 and 60% of the supplemental N with urea supplying the remainder. Protein efficiency was calculated using the slope ratio technique. Protein efficiency was similar (P greater than .10) for BM- and Fth-supplemented calves. Protein efficiencies were similar (P greater than .10) for BM:CGM, BM:Fth and BM:Fth:CGM combinations. These data indicate the Fth is a digestible high escape protein source that is useful in diets for growing ruminants.
Almost All Aliens: Immigration, Race, and Colonialism in American History and Identity

Acknowledgments Preface 1 Immigration, Race, Ethnicity, Colonialism Beyond Ellis Island-How Not to Think about Immigration History Not Assimilation But Race Making Words Matter 2. Colliding Peoples in Eastern North America, 1600-1780 In the Beginning There Were Indians There Goes the Neighborhood: European Incursion and "Settlement" A Mixed Multitude: European Migrants Out of Africa Merging Peoples, Blending Cultures 3 An Anglo-American Republic? Racial Citizenship, 1760-1860 Slavery and Antislavery in the Era of the American Revolution Free White Persons: Defining Membership Playing Indian: White Appropriations of Native American Symbols and Identities European Immigrants Issues in European Migration Nativism Were the Irish Ever Not White? 4 The Border Crossed Us: Euro-Americans Take the Continent, 1830-1900 U.S. Colonial Expansion across North America Taking the Mexican Northlands Racial Replacement East from Asia Slave and Citizen Colonialism and Race Making 5 The Great Wave, 1870-1930 From New Sources and Old, to America and Back Making a Multiethnic Working Class in the West 6 Cementing Hierarchy: Issues and Interpretations, 1870-1930 How They Lived and Worked Gender and Migration Angles of Entry Making Jim Crow in the South Making Racial and Ethnic Hierarchy in the North Empire and Race Making Law, Race, and Immigration Racialist Pseudoscience and Its Offspring Anti-Immigrant Movements Interpretive Issues 7 White People's America, 1924-1965 Recruiting Citizens Recruiting Guest Workers Indians or Citizens? World War II Cracks in White Hegemony Racial Fairness and the Immigration Act of 1965 8 New Migrants from New Places Since 1965 Some Migrants We Know From Asia From the Americas From Europe From Africa Continuing Involvements Abroad 9 Redefining Membership Amid Multiplicity Since 1965 Immigration Reform, Again and Again Panethnic Power Disgruntled White People New Issues in a New Era 10 Epilogue: Future Uncertain Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century Projecting the Future Immigration Issues Reprise Appendices APPENDIX A: Chronology of Immigration and Naturalization Laws and Decisions APPENDIX B: Tables Notes Illustration Permission Acknowledgments Also by Paul Spickard Index
Consent's Been Framed: When Framing Effects Invalidate Consent and How to Validate It Again

In this article I will argue first that if ignorance poses a problem for valid consent in medical contexts then framing effects do too, and second that the problem posed by framing effects can be solved by eliminating those effects. My position is thus a mean between two mistaken extremes. At one mistaken extreme, framing effects are so trivial that they never impinge on the moral force of consent. This is as mistaken as thinking that ignorance is so trivial that it never impinges on the moral force of consent. At the other mistaken extreme, framing effects are so serious that their existence shows that consent has no independent moral force. This is as mistaken as the idea that ignorance is so serious that its existence shows that consent has no independent moral force. I will argue that, instead of endorsing either of these mistaken extreme views, we should instead endorse a moderate view according to which framing effects sometimes pose a serious challenge for the validity of consent, just as ignorance does, but one which we can solve by eliminating the effect, just as we can solve the problem of ignorance by eliminating it.
Discontinuous Institutional Alternatives in the Context of Economy Deregulation

Various ways of state participation in the mechanisms of transaction management are considered in the article. Differences between compensation and elimination of the market failures are identified. Opportunities and risks of non-regulatory alternatives usage as a mean of market failure compensation are described. Based on classification of goods correlated to relative cost of their useful characteristics evaluation (search, experience, merit) questions of institutional alternatives in three areas (political, financial and commodity) are examined.
Australian business majors and their attitudes toward the teaching of business ethics

Seven hundred seventy-three questionnaires were completed by students enrolled in an undergraduate business administration program at a university in Victoria. The survey instrument was adapted from one used by Professor John Milton-Smith (1992) in his Australian Business Ethics Project. The results indicated that (a) students place importance on business ethics education, (b) students who have taken a business ethics course found that experience to be valuable, (c) students view ethical behavior as leading to positive outcomes for the corporation and (d) some measures are underway in Australian higher education and in the community at large to enhance learning in this area.
eWatch: context sensitive system design case study

In this paper, we introduce a novel context sensitive system design paradigm. Multiple sensors/computational architecture, in the form of our eWatch device, is used to infer the activities that the system is encountering, and can provide a platform for context-aware computing. We created an eWatch prototype that senses user activities and notifies them when important messages have arrived. An accelerometer and microphone provide inputs to a model of interruptibility. A vibration motor for tactile feedback and two ultra bright LEDs for visual feedback provide user notification through different vibration patterns and colors. eWatch is transparently integrated into the user's environment, and communicates via Bluetooth. This new class of integrated systems underscores the need for new forms of regularity, constraints, and design structure. Our results indicate the power of our method to accurately determine a meaningful context model while only requiring data from our eWatch device.
Depicting a novel regulatory Bcl2/SHP/lncRNA H19 network in bile acid homeostasis (605.12)

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate a novel function of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in bile acid (BA) homeostasis. Methods: Bcl2 was overexpressed using adenoviruses in male C57B...
China and the Changing Myanmar

The author argues that the democratic reform in Myanmar is rooted in profound internal and external factors. Since the beginning of the reform, the changes in Myanmar have taken tolls in a series of China’s existing interests inside the country. Economically, Chinese investments have come under increasing scrutiny, criticism, and even oppositions, threatening the viability of strategic projects such as the oil and gas pipelines. Politically, the initial success of the democratic reform in Myanmar raises questions about Beijing’s continuous resistance to reform. Strategically, the changes in Myanmar undercut China’s original blueprint about the strategic utilities of Myanmar for China at ASEAN, in the Indian Ocean and more broadly in the region. In light of the changes, China has adjusted its policy toward Myanmar. Not only has Beijing dramatically reduced its economic investments in Myanmar, it also cooled down the political ties while established relations with the democratic oppositions. At the same time, China also launched massive public relations campaigns inside Myanmar aimed at improving its image and relations with the local communities.
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland. Part II. Melanocyte-Stimulating and Lactogenic Hormones

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the melanocyte-stimulating and lactogenic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. The posterior lobes of beef arid pig pituitary glands have been the main source of starting material for the purification of melanotropin (MSH). The chapter summarizes the yields and activities of MSH concentrates prepared by various investigators from porcine posterior lobe powder by means of similar procedures. From these MSH concentrates, highly purified or pure preparations may be obtained with either zone electrophoresis or countercurrent distribution, or a combination of these two techniques. The chapter explores that the melanocyte-stimulating activity in the posterior lobe of the bovine pituitary is one-half to one-fifth of that in the porcine gland. Preparations of active extracts from beef pituitaries have only been recently obtained. A number of terms have been proposed for the lactogenic hormone, including prolactin, galactin, mammotropin, and lactogen. Prolactin has been reported to be present in the pituitary glands of various species, including man, as well as in urine, blood, placental tissue, and cow manure. Three different procedures are employed to establish the identity of the N-terminal amino acid residue in prolactin. In each instance, threonine is demonstrated to be the sole N-terminal residue. It is anticipated that the prolactin molecule would also possess a single C-terminal residue.
Deconstructing mTOR complexes in regulation of Glioblastoma Multiforme and its stem cells

Atypical serine-threonine kinase, mTOR (mechanistic target of Rapamycin; originally coined "mammalian TOR"), exists in two distinct multi-protein complexes termed mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), that senses and integrates a variety of environmental signals to control organism growth and homeostasis via non-overlapping signaling pathways. mTOR belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)-related kinase family, and an aberrant activation of mTORC1 is a potential contributing factor in uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells via specific effects on cap-dependent translation initiation, as well as in a more sustained manner via advancing ribosome biogenesis. It is thereby shown to be deregulated in numerous pathological conditions including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Notably, mTOR itself, or through its substrates, regulates stem cell differentiation and maintenance of plueropotency. mTORC2 has been linked to cytoskeletal reorganization and cell survival through Akt, and is crucial to many divergent physiological functions, which may include stem cell regulation.
AN INVESTIGATION OF AUDITOR JUDGMENTS OF THE EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ON THE EXTENT OF SUBSTANTIVE TESTING

: A major type of substantive testing procedure performed during the audit examination are analytical procedures. The use of analytical procedures (APs) in the preliminary stages of the audit examination is required for both United States (U.S.) and international audits. Despite this requirement, neither international (International Auditing Guideline 12 and Australian Statement of Auditing Practice 17) nor U.S. (Statement on Auditing Standards No. 56) auditing standards provide guidance concerning the use of preliminary APs for specific account balances or in specific circumstances. This research represents a descriptive examination of auditor judgments concerning the use of preliminary APs in the audit engagement. Our results indicate that auditors believe that performing preliminary APs generally results in a significant reduction in the need for substantive tests of details; however, the reduction in substantive testing varied according to which APs were performed. The high levels of judgment consensus noted in this research indicate that, while specific guidance for preliminary APs has not been provided by U.S. auditing standards, it appears that firms examined in this study have developed structured approaches with respect to the use of preliminary APs. Finally, the higher level of consensus noted for the judgments of senior accountants and staff accountants compared to those of audit managers may reflect either the structured nature of the task examined in this study or the greater degree of senior and staff accountant familiarity with the use of preliminary APs.
SCC Behavior of Alloy 52M/182 Weld Overlay in a PWR Environment

Weld overlays (WOL) of alloys believed to possess superior stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance are typically applied over welds made with SCC-susceptible alloys with the expectation that they will act as a barrier to SCC. The objective of this work is to investigate the behavior of a crack initiated in Alloy 182 as it approaches the Alloy 52M WOL interface. For this purpose, an Alloy 52M WOL was deposited on a double-J Alloy 182 weld. Compact tension specimens were fabricated with the notch in Alloy 182 and oriented towards the WOL, and tested in a simulated PWR environment. The first such test revealed that the SCC rates in Alloy 182 were found to decrease by an order of magnitude ahead of the interface, and that the crack advanced from Alloy 182 into Alloy 52M. The post test examination found that crack branching occurred at the interface between the two alloys. Growth in Alloy 52M along the interface appears severe, approx. 10−10 m/s. While for the most part (70%) the crack propagated along the interface, SCC cracking was also found to extend into Alloy 52M along the original direction. This cracking is substantial, yielding SCC rates of 10−11 m/s.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Loss of chromosome 16q in lobular carcinoma in situ.

Abstract Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma may represent different forms of the same disease based on their frequent clinical association and similar histologic features. Patients with LCIS are at increased risk of multicentric and bilateral disease. Thus, LCIS may represent both a precursor to infiltrating lobular carcinoma and a marker of risk for breast cancer. To identify genomic alterations in LCIS, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 17 cases without concurrent invasive carcinoma. Loss involving chromosome 16q was present in 88% of cases and was the sole detected alteration in 29%. Gain involving 1q was second in frequency, occurring in 41% of tumors, and in all cases was associated with loss of 16q. Other recurrent changes were loss involving 17p (18%), 8p (12%), and 12q24 (12%). E-cadherin immunohistochemistry was performed on all LCIS cases to evaluate the correlation of loss involving 16q22, the site of the E-cadherin gene, and altered protein expression. Most cases with 16q22 loss showed altered E-cadherin expression (12 of 13). These results in LCIS are similar to changes reported in infiltrating lobular cancer, confirming a genetic relationship between them. HUM PATHOL 32:292-296. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Prediction of thermodynamic properties of oxygen in liquid transition metals

Abstract Two correlations between the heat of solution of oxygen in liquid metals and the standard heats of formation of the respective oxides, and between the heat of solution and the excess entropy of solution are proposed in the form The above equations enable prediction of the activity coefficient of oxygen in liquid transition metals for systems in which experimental data is not available.
Polycubane Clusters: Synthesis of [Fe4S4(PR3)4]1+,0 (R = But, Cy, Pri) and [Fe4S4]0 Core Aggregation upon Loss of Phosphine

The influence of tertiary phosphines on the stability of FeS3P coordination units and the formation of iron−sulfur clusters has been investigated. Reaction of [Fe4S4Cl4]2- with a small excess of PR3 in acetonitrile/THF affords the cubane-type clusters [Fe4S4(PR3)4]1+ (R = Cy, But, Pri), one-electron reduced over the initial cluster and possessing an S = 1/2 ground state. These clusters may be electrochemically oxidized to [Fe4S4(PR3)4]2+ and reduced to [Fe4S4(PR3)4], which can also be generated in solution by chemical reduction. The neutral clusters upon standing in solution lose phosphine and aggregate to form dicubane ([Fe8S8(PCy3)6]) or tetracubane ([Fe16S16(PR3)8]; R = But, Pri) clusters. The [Fe8S8]0 dicubane core has two intercubane Fe−S bonds, defining an Fe2S2 rhomb and affording a structure of overall idealized C2h symmetry. The tetracubane clusters consist of a cyclic array of four cubanes joined in four Fe2S2 rhombs in a structure of overall D4 symmetry, and present a new structural motif in Fe...
A Requiem for Aniline Dyes

For almost 150 years dyes derived from coal tar distillate have enhanced the microscopist's view of cell structures. Their great affinity for major tissue elements that are normally colorless and indistinct gave rise to the extraordinary growth of cell biology and histology during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In recent years, however, as biological research came to rely on highly specific staining techniques such as immunochemistry, the much poorer specificity of dyes caused their inevitable decline. With the termination of the dye era came the end of a golden period of biology in which so many fundamental advances were made. Parenthetically, however, it also marked an era in science when research was not limited by monetary and governmental restrictions and when the slogan "Publish or Perish" had not been coined.
Mutations in the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Fusion Glycoprotein of Newcastle Disease Virus Depress Syncytia Formation

The role of the cytoplasmic domain of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein in syncytia formation was explored by characterizing the intracellular processing and activities of proteins with deletions and point mutations in this region. Deletion of the entire domain (amino acids 523 to 553) resulted in a protein which was minimally proteolytically cleaved and had no syncytia forming activity. Deletion of the carboxy terminal half of the domain (amino acids 540 to 553) resulted in a protein that was normally processed but had no syncytia forming activity. Deletion of amino acids 547 to 553 resulted in a protein with approximately 30% wild-type levels of activity while deletion of amino acids 550 to 553 yielded a protein with wild-type activity. The results suggested that amino acids 540 to 550 are important for syncytia formation and this conclusion was supported by two internal deletions as well as point mutations in this region. Mutation of two cysteine residues in and adjacent to the transmembrane domain, which are potential sites for fatty acid acylation, had no effect on syncytia formation either singly or in combination.
HUMORAL FACTORS AFFECTING UTERINE MOTILITY

Most of the work thus far reported dealing with the physiological factors that regulate the cyclic variations in uterine motility has been concerned with the mechanism that retards the activity of the uterus at oestrus and which imparts to it a so-called characteristic oestral rhythm. During the interoestrus period in the rat or mouse it has been reported that the contractions occur more frequently than at oestrus yet never, so far as I am aware, has it been shown that the accelerated dioestral motility is due to the presence of any substance or substances which may stimulate the uterus to increased activity. This dioestral motility has been accounted for on no other basis than the vague inherent contractile properties of uterine muscle. Blair (1) was the first investigator to describe this cyclic phenomenon, and some other workers have confirmed this original claim from time to time (4, 7, 8, 19). All of this work was performed on the excised uterus, and only recently Durrant and Rosenfeld (6), also usin...