cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydration Effect Analysis of Ion-sensitive Field Effect Transistor

In this work, the drift of ISFET characteristics due to hydration effect was studied. The ISFETs were fabricated using the standard NMOS process. The AgCl reference electrode was fabricated with the electrolysis method. The ISFET modeling was carried out in MATLAB to study the time variation of surface potential and the drain-source current. In addition, the surface morphology and dielectric constant of silicon dioxide were tested to study the hydration effect in order to eliminate the drift. The dielectric constant of the gate oxide increases exponentially with hydration time. The surface morphology studied with the atomic force microscope (AFM) showed no significant change after immersion in water. It is believed that the main cause of the drift is the hydration effect, which is due to the change in dielectric constant of the sensing material and a small number of surface binding sites that react slowly to a change in pH.
High-Throughput Identification of Loss-of-Function Mutations for Anti-Interferon Activity in the Influenza A Virus NS Segment

ABSTRACT Viral proteins often display several functions which require multiple assays to dissect their genetic basis. Here, we describe a systematic approach to screen for loss-of-function mutations that confer a fitness disadvantage under a specified growth condition. Our methodology was achieved by genetically monitoring a mutant library under two growth conditions, with and without interferon, by deep sequencing. We employed a molecular tagging technique to distinguish true mutations from sequencing error. This approach enabled us to identify mutations that were negatively selected against, in addition to those that were positively selected for. Using this technique, we identified loss-of-function mutations in the influenza A virus NS segment that were sensitive to type I interferon in a high-throughput fashion. Mechanistic characterization further showed that a single substitution, D92Y, resulted in the inability of NS to inhibit RIG-I ubiquitination. The approach described in this study can be applied under any specified condition for any virus that can be genetically manipulated. IMPORTANCE Traditional genetics focuses on a single genotype-phenotype relationship, whereas high-throughput genetics permits phenotypic characterization of numerous mutants in parallel. High-throughput genetics often involves monitoring of a mutant library with deep sequencing. However, deep sequencing suffers from a high error rate (∼0.1 to 1%), which is usually higher than the occurrence frequency for individual point mutations within a mutant library. Therefore, only mutations that confer a fitness advantage can be identified with confidence due to an enrichment in the occurrence frequency. In contrast, it is impossible to identify deleterious mutations using most next-generation sequencing techniques. In this study, we have applied a molecular tagging technique to distinguish true mutations from sequencing errors. It enabled us to identify mutations that underwent negative selection, in addition to mutations that experienced positive selection. This study provides a proof of concept by screening for loss-of-function mutations on the influenza A virus NS segment that are involved in its anti-interferon activity.
The Social Production of Latin@ Visibilities and Invisibilities: Geographies of Power in Small Town America

This paper explores the sociospatial dynamics unfolding in Perry, a rural Iowa town that has been facing rapid change since the 1990s due to growing Latin@ settlement. We focus on what we call the social production of Latin@ visibilities and invisibilities: spatialized practices by individuals, families, communities, and institutions that render different Latin@ groups visible or invisible, with repercussions for survival, community integration, and political praxis. We discuss the border within as an extension of border politics and borderlands rhetorics to the US “heartland”, and how the entrenchment of a regime of deportability creates racialized and gendered conditions for the in/visibility of Latin@ immigrants and Latin@s more broadly. We conclude by considering some of the theoretical and political implications of our analysis for such geographies of power and the social relations, locations, and discourses that constitute and are constituted by them. Resumen Esta ponencia explora las dinamicas socioespaciales en Perry, una pequena comunidad rural que ha experimentado cambios rapidos desde la decada de los 90, mayormente debido a crecimiento de la comunidad Latin@. Nuestro enfoque es en lo que llamamos la produccion social de visibilidades e invisibilidades Latin@s, las practicas espaciales de individuos, familias, comunidades, e instituciones, que resultan en mayor o menor visibilidad de distintos segmentos de la comunidad Latin@, con consecuencias politicas positivas o negativas, y tambien con consecuencias para la sobrevivencia/el sustento, y tambien con consecuencias para la integracion. Discutimos el concepto de la “frontera interna” como una extension de las politicas y retoricas de la frontera hacia los espacios del interior de los Estados Unidos. Tambien exploramos como el establecimiento de un regimen de deportabilidad crea condiciones de genero y de raza que hacen a l@s Latin@s mas o menos visibles con consecuencias especificas. Concluimos esta ponencia explorando las implicaciones politicas y teoricas de nuestro analisis para lo que llamamos las geografias del poder en los espacios en donde viven y trabajan l@s Latin@s, para las relaciones sociales, los lugares, y los discursos que constituyen y al mismo tiempo son constituidos por dichas geografias.
CD8 T Cells Activated in Distinct Lymphoid Organs Differentially Express Adhesion Proteins and Coexpress Multiple Chemokine Receptors

Previous work from this laboratory showed that generation of memory CD8 T cells by different immunization routes correlates with control of tumors growing in distinct sites. We hypothesized that effector CD8 T cell expression of adhesion proteins and chemokine receptors would be influenced by activation in different secondary lymphoid organs. In this report, CD8 T cells were activated by immunization with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via i.p., i.v., or s.c. routes. Three distinct populations of activated CD8 T cells arise in mesenteric, axillary/brachial, and mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen based on differential expression of α4β7 integrin, E-selectin ligand, and α4β1 integrin, respectively. In contrast, three subsets of CD8 T cells defined by differential expression of P-selectin ligand and chemokine receptors were induced irrespective of activation site. The majority of activated CD8 T cells expressed CXCR3, with one subset additionally expressing P-selectin ligand, and another subset additionally expressing CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, and CCR9. In the mesenteric lymph node, a fourth subset expressed CCR9 and CXCR3 in the absence of CCR5. Similar homing receptor profiles were induced in the same sites after localized vaccinia immunization. Homing receptor expression on CD8 T cells activated in vitro was distinct, revealing influences of both dendritic cells and the lymphoid microenvironment. Collectively, these results identify previously undescribed populations of activated CD8 T cells based on adhesion protein expression and coexpression of chemokine receptors that arise after activation in distinct secondary lymphoid organs.
A distributed scheduling simulation

The paper presents a distributed scheduling simulator designed for the analysis of distributed scheduling algorithms. It presents the scheduler and shows its ability to test various scheduling policies. Although preliminary test results are shown, these results are used to show the effectiveness of the scheduler, not to compare scheduling policies. Using a simulation tool named SES Workbench as its base, the simulator has the flexibility to represent multiple types of network configurations. By supporting the ability to vary both the scheduling policy being used and the network configuration, the simulator is a valuable tool for testing the feasibility of a given scheduling policy on different types of distributed systems. >
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

: This paper examines some of the known facts about the “Sudden Infant Death” syndrome, such as its occurrence in the past, some of the theories and hypotheses proposed and rejected or unproven concerning its etiology, and a description of typical findings upon investigation of such a death. The psychological damage to the parents is presented as a problem to be considered in the approach and attitude of the coroner, police, examining physician, and general public including neighbors and relatives. Two parent self-help groups have been formed recently in the hope of eliminating the guilt that is often an accompaniment to grief. Their goals are educating the public so that an unexplained death is not automatically suspect, and research to find the cause. It is proposed that this death without apparent cause is psychologically traumatic in our modern society of rational explanations.
THOMAS AQUINAS AND RECENT QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMAN DIGNITY

What is the status of human dignity in bioethics today? Ruth Macklin, Steven Pinker, and Peter Singer are among those who argue that “human dignity” is incoherent rhetoric, improperly smuggled into public discourse by religious people who are opposed to moral autonomy and want to block progress in cutting-edge medical research. In the moral philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, however, dignity is broader and deeper than its critics claim. It cannot simply be replaced by the concept of “autonomy.” Dignity plays a crucial role in building respect for human life. We first discover the dignity of “the other” in the context of family life, and discussion of the common good would be impoverished if we were somehow to eliminate it from our moral vocabulary. The respect we owe to human life in its embryonic stages serves as a paradigmatic case that shows the crucial importance of dignity.
Retrospective assessment of rehabilitation outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and utility of the functional independence level.

Objective: To develop a measure suitable for retrospective analysis of qualitative brain injury outcome data, the Functional Independence Level (FIL), and document its reliability, validity, and utility. Design: Retrospective analysis of existing records, with inclusion based on availability of records, and quantitative or qualitative documentation of functional status at a minimum of 1.5 years after injury. Setting: Statewide acute and postacute rehabilitation facilities, as part of a State Head Injury Program. Participants: A total of 338 individuals, with documented moderate to severe traumatic brain injury; primarily males ages 16 to 45. Main Outcome Measures: Disability Rating Scale (DRS) at discharge from primary rehabilitation, Living Situation and Functional Independence Level coded from information in postacute rehabilitation reports, at an average of approximately 6 years after injury. Results: Inter-rater reliability coefficients for FIL ratings extracted from rehabilitation records, and between retrospective and in vivo assessments were highly significant. DRS scores at discharge from primary rehabilitation predicted a significant amount of variance in FIL scores at an average of 5 years after injury, and DRS scores remained a stable and significant predictor of FIL scores as the time period between discharge from rehabilitation and outcome ratings increased to 10 years after injury. FIL ratings were significantly lower for individuals living in residential facilities than those living with their families, as compared to living alone. Conclusions: The FIL is a reliable and useful tool for retrospective and prospective assessments of rehabilitation outcome. Gains made during primary rehabilitation by people with severe traumatic brain injury are generally maintained at long-term follow up. Retrospective ratings using the DRS and FIL can help guide postacute rehabilita
Sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to Antibiotics by the Sesquiterpenoids Nerolidol, Farnesol, Bisabolol, and Apritone

The sesquiterpenoids nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolol, and apritone were investigated for their abilities to enhance bacterial permeability and susceptibility to exogenous antimicrobial compounds. Initially, it was observed by flow cytometry that these sesquiterpenoids promoted the intracellular accumulation of the membrane-impermeant nucleic acid stain ethidium bromide by live cells of Lactobacillus fermentum, suggesting that enhanced permeability resulted from disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. The ability of these sesquiterpenoids to increase bacterial susceptibility to a number of clinically important antibiotics was then investigated. In disk diffusion assays, treatment with low concentrations (0.5 to 2 mM) of nerolidol, bisabolol, or apritone enhanced the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Nerolidol and farnesol also sensitized Escherichia coli to polymyxin B. Our results indicate the practical utility of sensitizing bacteria to antimicrobials with sesquiterpenoids that have traditionally been used as flavorants and aroma compounds in the food and perfume industries.
Proving the correctness of a flight-director program for an airborne minicomputer

Over the past five years, our research efforts have been devoted in large part to developing techniques for proving the correctness of assembly-language and machine-language programs running on actual computers. In this paper, we report upon an effort to put this work into practice by proving the correctness of a program written for the Litton C4000 airborne computer. This includes overflow analysis, non-self-modification analysis, round-off and truncation analysis, fixed-point scaling considerations, and analysis of the sub-routine parameter and return-address conventions used in the given program. The basic method we use is the inductive assertion method of (Floyd, 1967), suitably modified and extended for application to a machine-language situation.
From Pipettes to Science Policy

Science policy provides PhD-trained scientists with unique and rewarding opportunities to support the research community. Careers in science policy require broad scientific knowledge coupled with keen problem-solving, data-analysis, and communication skills. This article describes strategies for scientists to engage in policy discussions, both extramural and full-time.
Pushing blocks all the way to C

The BBC micro:bit project aims to teach programming to every 11 to 12-year-old in the UK, through the means of a programmable device half the size of a credit card. The device will be freely handed out to every student. Microsoft's TouchDevelop programming environment was picked to provide the programming experience for kids; we retrofitted the website for the micro:bit. TouchDevelop remains a complex beast: in order to make it easier for 7th graders to program, we added an alternative, visual code editor based on Google's Blockly [1]. This paper is an experience report about the various challenges we met when trying, at one end, to expose a visual Blocks-based programming model, while at the other end generating C++ for the device.
Experimental Evidence of Taste-Based Discrimination Against Overweight Workers

In this study, I look at whether individuals treat overweight workers differently from slender workers when deliberating about bonuses and promotions. Using a nationally representative sample of over 1700 subjects, I experimentally vary the performance ratings and the apparent weight of candidate employees and ask respondents to distribute bonuses among employees and to make promotion recommendations. I find that there is discrimination against overweight workers when bonuses are being allocated and when promotion assessments are being made. Conditional on having the same average performance ratings, overweight workers are allocated about 5% less in bonuses than slender workers. Heavier workers are also 2 percentage points less likely to be recommended for promotions. In contrast to previous research, I find that men and women are equally penalized for being overweight. If bonuses are a measure of employee taste-based discrimination, these results suggest that some of the weight penalty seen in observational studies is the result of employee taste-based discrimination.
Compounds Related to Juvenile Hormone. Activity of Analogues of AI3-36206 Against the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Several compounds closely related to the arylterpenoid juvenile hormone-mimicking compound AI3-36206 [9-( p -isopropylpheny1)-2-methoxy-2,6-dimethylnonane] were prepared and assayed against the house fly. Compounds exhibited maximum activity when the para substituent carbon carried only 1 hydrogen atom.
Compound Versus Fundamental Imaging in the Detection of Subdermal Contraceptive Implants

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the use of fundamental versus compound sonographic imaging in the localization of nonpalpable subdermal contraceptive implants. Methods We describe 3 cases of subdermal implants for which detection was requested via sonography. The implants were evaluated with both fundamental and compound imaging with various transducers ranging from 5–2 to 15–7 MHz. The fundamental and compound images were compared with respect to echogenicity and, therefore, visibility, of the contraceptive implant and the appearance of posterior acoustic features. Results Both fundamental and compound imaging visualized the focus representing the implant equally well. However, fundamental imaging proved superior to compound imaging for visualizing the posterior acoustic shadowing created by the implant. The posterior acoustic shadowing was the most helpful feature in the identification of these implant rods. Conclusions When attempting to image a subdermal contraceptive implant with sonography, fundamental imaging should be used. Compound imaging may mask the posterior acoustic features that can aid in implant identification.
Automating Average Stopped Delay Estimation Using Image Analysis of Actual Traffic Flow at Signalized Intersections

Average stopped delay for a given signalized intersection approach is the average time a vehicle waits at the traffic light and it constitutes a part of the measure of effectiveness of signalized intersections. The exploratory work done by two authors of this paper using images created by the animation feature of the CORSIM traffic simulation software indicated that such application can actually produce stopped delay estimates commensurate with the results of the ITE method. However, CORSIM simulation images do not have parallax problems and vehicle color and size and pavement color were practically the same for the entire evaluation field. The three methods (Gap, Gap -hybrid, Motion method) developed in this study are able to overcome to an acceptable level these problems associated with actual traffic flow images. They were tested with the two image data sets that were taken at two different locations with different camera angles. The performance of the t hree methods varies depending on the quality of image, camera angle, and calibrated parameter values used for each method. Nevertheless, in both cases they were able to produce average stopped delays similar to those estimated by the ITE manual method. At present the software that executes the three methods analyzes one approach lane at a time using digitized still images taken from analog video films; however, it can be expanded to analyze multiple approach lanes and digital images dynamically fed by digital traffic monitoring cameras. With this automated procedure the traffic engineer can estimate average stopped delays in his or her office, greatly saving time, money and manpower necessary for conducting field data collections.
Enhancing kinetics of biodiesel production using morpholine

Abstract This work illustrates morpholine assisted transesterification of crude canola oil, corn oil and coffee oil (extracted from spent coffee grounds) using NaOH as a homogeneous base catalyst. Addition of morpholine resulted in a two-fold enhancement in kinetics of transesterification. The properties of the biodiesel final product were evaluated by fuel standard tests and the results were compared with ASTM D6751 standards. Biodiesel produced from canola, coffee and corn oils was found to have a high cetane number (52.5–55.1) and good flash point (140 °C).
Analyzing the plot environment of AutoCAD

Now, the program of AutoCAD has been designed paper space for plotting, through comparing with model space, this article deals with that paper space plot is better and easier in no 1∶1 scale especially.
Effect of agents that alter cyclic AMP on arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation in the dog.

Abstract Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that 30% of normal mongrel dogs have platelets that aggregate when stirred with sodium arachidonate (ASP), while the majority have platelets that do not aggregate under similar circumstances (AIP). In the current study, we confirmed previous observations that indicated that AIP formed aggregating products of prostaglandin metabolism (endoperoxides and/or thromboxane A2) when stirred with sodium arachidonate. We also determined that the difference between ASP and AIP was attributable to the platelets rather than the plasma. To further define the mechanism responsible for the difference between ASP and AIP, we studied the response of dog platelets to agents known to alter platelet cyclic AMP, and we measured platelet cyclic AMP. Radioimmunoassay of cyclic AMP in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and in washed platelets demonstrated no differences between unstimulated ASP and AIP. However, agents that lower elevated platelet cyclic AMP (epinephrine, norepinephrine, adenosine diphosphate, serotonin and low concentrations of prostaglandin E2) uniformly converted AIP to ASP. Agents that elevate platelet cyclic AMP (prostaglandins E1' D2' l2' theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP) uniformly converted ASP to AIP. The addition of epinephrine, following prostaglandin l2 (PGI2) restored the ability of ASP to aggregate when stirred with sodium arachidonate. In vitro PGI2 (0.14-2.1 nM) converted ASP to AIP without inhibiting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen-induced aggregation, thereby duplicating the behavior of naturally occurring AIP. PGI2 infusions produced the same result in vivo. The results of these studies suggest that cyclic AMP plays an important role in regulating the response of dog platelets to the aggregating products of prostaglandin metabolism. AIP have a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism that modulates their response to the aggregating products of prostaglandin metabolism that is different from ASP and human platelets. We postulate that AIP retain the effects of in vivo elevation of platelet cyclic AMP stimulated by exposure to PGI2. The mechanism by which this occurs is uncertain.
The Dermal Barrier to Local and Systemic Drug Delivery

I am honored and grateful to the Organizing Committee to have been invited to participate in this Symposium honoring Tak. It may be especially so because my assignment is to talk about drug transport in skin and my first job after receiving my Ph.D. in 1956 was to study factors influencing drug transport across skin at the University of Wisconsin under a Defense Department contract directed by Tak and Dale Wurster.
Problems with extracellular recording of electrical activity in gastrointestinal muscle

Motility patterns of the gastrointestinal tract are important for efficient processing of nutrients and waste. Peristalsis and segmentation are based on rhythmic electrical slow waves that generate the phasic contractions fundamental to gastrointestinal motility. Slow waves are generated and propagated actively by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and these events conduct to smooth muscle cells to elicit excitation-contraction coupling. Extracellular electrical recording has been utilized to characterize slow-wave generation and propagation and abnormalities that might be responsible for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Electrode array recording and digital processing are being used to generate data for models of electrical propagation in normal and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we discuss techniques of extracellular recording as applied to gastrointestinal organs and how mechanical artefacts might contaminate these recordings and confound their interpretation. Without rigorous controls for movement, current interpretations of extracellular recordings might ascribe inaccurate behaviours and electrical anomalies to ICC networks and gastrointestinal muscles, bringing into question the findings and validity of models of gastrointestinal electrophysiology developed from these recordings.
The Intuitive Traditionalist: How Biases for Existence and Longevity Promote the Status Quo

Abstract People tend to like things the way they are. All other things being equal, there is a widespread bias in favor of the status quo . We describe two forms this bias may take: people assume that (1) mere existence makes things good and right (the existence bias ) and (2) the longer something is thought to exist, the better and more right it is judged to be (the longevity bias ). We take care to distinguish existence and longevity biases from other forms of status quo preference. Our research emphasizes people's automatic, heuristic tendency to ascribe existence and longevity to inherent features. We describe how existence and longevity biases contribute to status quo maintenance and political ideology; we also show how these biases provide novel explanatory power for incumbency effects, social norms, and the legitimization of inequality. We conclude with a consideration of exceptions to what appears to be a general rule: people assume that the status quo is good, right, and the way things ought to be.
Advancements in rationally designed PGM-free fuel cell catalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks

Over the past several years, metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived platinum group metal free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts have gained considerable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost as potential replacement for platinum in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in design, synthesis and characterization of MOF-derived ORR catalysts and their performances in acidic and alkaline media. We also discuss the key challenges such as durability and activity enhancement critical in moving forward this emerging electrocatalyst science.
Efficient estimation of partially linear additive Cox model under monotonicity constraint

Abstract We provide a simple and practical, yet flexible spline estimation method for partially linear additive Cox model with monotonicity constraint. We propose to approximate the unknown monotone function by monotone B -splines, and employ a hybrid numerical approach based on the Newton–Raphson algorithm and the isotonic regression to compute the spline estimates. We show that the spline estimators of the nonparametric components achieve the optimal rate of convergence under the smooth condition, and that the estimators of the regression parameters are asymptotically normal and efficient. Moreover, a direct variance estimation method based on the least-squares estimation is proposed. The finite-sample performance of the spline estimates is evaluated by a Monte Carlo study. The methodology is illustrated with a synovial sarcoma dataset.
A comparison of the achievement of statistics students enrolled in online and face-to-face settings:

This study compared the achievement of male and female students who were enrolled in an online univariate statistics course to students enrolled in a traditional face-to-face univariate statistics ...
First-principles study of the α-ω phase transformation in Ti and Zr coupled to slip modes

We present first-principles density functional theory calculations to study the α-ω phase transformation in Ti and Zr and its coupling to slip modes of the two phases. We first investigate the relative energetics of all possible slip systems in the α and ω phases to predict the dominant slip system that is activated during a plastic deformation under an arbitrary load. Using this and the crystallographic orientation relationships between α and ω phases, we construct low energy α/ω interfaces and study the energetics of the slip system at the interface between α and ω to compare to the slip systems in the bulk phases. We find that for a particular crystallographic orientation relationship, where (basal)α∥(prismatic-II)ω, and [a]α∥[c]ω, the slip at the interface is preferred compared to its bulk counterparts. This implies that the plastically deformed α/ω phase with this orientation relationship prefers to retain the interface (or coexisting phases) than transforming back to the pure phase after unloading. This is consistent with the observation that the ω-phase is retained in samples loaded in flyer plate experiments or under high-pressure torsion. Furthermore, calculation of the energy barrier for α to ω phase transformation as a function of glide at the α/ω interface shows significant coupling between the α-ω phase transformation and slip modes in Ti and Zr.We present first-principles density functional theory calculations to study the α-ω phase transformation in Ti and Zr and its coupling to slip modes of the two phases. We first investigate the relative energetics of all possible slip systems in the α and ω phases to predict the dominant slip system that is activated during a plastic deformation under an arbitrary load. Using this and the crystallographic orientation relationships between α and ω phases, we construct low energy α/ω interfaces and study the energetics of the slip system at the interface between α and ω to compare to the slip systems in the bulk phases. We find that for a particular crystallographic orientation relationship, where (basal)α∥(prismatic-II)ω, and [a]α∥[c]ω, the slip at the interface is preferred compared to its bulk counterparts. This implies that the plastically deformed α/ω phase with this orientation relationship prefers to retain the interface (or coexisting phases) than transforming back to the pure phase after unloading...
Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor as a Predictive Biomarker for Therapies Against Malignant Mesothelioma

PurposeEffective biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma (MM) are needed for clinical management and the development of mesothelin-targeted therapies. We evaluated serum megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF) as a biomarker predictive of treatment outcome in patients with MM and for developing mesothelin-targeted therapies.Materials and MethodsSerial serum samples from patients with MM in two clinical trials of an antimesothelin immunotoxin were tested with our clinically validated MPF assay. Correlative studies were performed to determine the test effectiveness in treatment monitoring and outcome prediction. MPF was further evaluated for an association with response to an antimesothelin therapy and for disease monitoring.ResultsThere was a significant reduction of serum MPF in patients with elevated baseline and radiologic response, with an average change from −52% to −78% after one to six cycles. Using a −50% change as the cutoff, patients with MM with positive MPF response had significantly improved pro...
Nondissipative and Dissipative Momentum Deposition by Mountain Wave Events in Sheared Environments

AbstractMountain waves (MWs) are generated during episodic cross-barrier flow over broad-spectrum terrain. However, most MW drag parameterizations neglect transient, broad-spectrum dynamics. Here, ...
The Luminosity of the Central Parsec of the Galaxy

The luminosity of the central 5 pc of the Galaxy-encompassing the inner regions of the rotating ring of dust and gas which surrounds the galactic center — emerges primarily at infrared wavelengths in the form of thermal emission from heated dust. The nature and location of the sources which heat the dust can be inferred from the spatial and temperature distribution of the thermal infrared emission (λ>20um), from studies of the ionized gas in this region, and from direct imaging in the near infrared. These observations show that the principal heating sources within this 5-pc region are concentrated within the central parsec of the Galaxy and indicate that the luminosity of these sources is within a factor of two of 107 L0. The near-infrared observations of the compact sources at the galactic center do not reveal a single dominant source but suggest instead that the several components of the IRS-16 complex, taken together, may contribute the bulk of the luminosity; however, the data also permit a single object to dominate the energetics of this region. We draw attention to the striking morphological similarities between the galactic center and the innermost regions of the 30 Doradus nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud and speculate that the luminosity sources in the galactic center may resemble the early-type supergiants in 30 Doradus.
The Role of the Academe in Match-Fixing

The academe, otherwise referred to as the University, has a long and rich history which is renowned for its contributions in the areas of research, education, and public service. Today, the academe continues to serve as a resource to an ever-increasing and expansive number of disciplines and constituencies, not the least of which includes the transnational study of crime within the greater criminal justice system. Given the pervasive and systemic problem of match-fixing which breeds corruption and undermines the integrity in sport, the academe has been identified as a valuable resource in addressing the problem of match-fixing. Specifically, it can assist in: (1) identifying the scope and breath of the problem, (2) identifying and collaborating with the key stakeholders in developing tactics and strategies to address the problem, and (3) develop comprehensive curricula, training, and educational programs for the various stakeholders, the greater sports community, and the public at-large.
Motions of infinite mass-spring systems

In the study of physical, mechanical, and electrical systems one often encounters differential-difference equations and recurrence relations. The sources from which these equations arise may be quite different but their mathematical forms are very similar. For example, there is an analogy between mass-spring systems and electrical systems whereby point masses correspond to inductances and springs correspond to capacitances [1]. Another area where differential-difference equations occur is in the numerical solution of the wave equations if the spatial variable is discretized [2]. It's important to understand how these systems behave as time evolves and how changes in the parameters of the model influence this behavior. In this paper, we study systems consisting of point masses joined together by springs. In particular, we present some of the mathematical methods involved and how they are used to solve these practical problems. By obtaining the solution for these simple mass-spring systems, we indirectly obtain solutions for many similar applied problems in mechanics, physics, and engineering.
"You probably can't feel as safe as normal women": Hispanic women's reactions to breast density notification.

Background Patient advocacy has led to state-level legislative mandates for the release of personal mammographic breast density information to women undergoing screening mammography. More research is needed to understand the impact of this information on women's perceptions and mammography screening behavior. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted in English and Spanish with 24 self-identified Hispanic women who had undergone at least 1 mammogram since breast density notification was enacted in New York State. The women ranged in age from 43 to 63 years. Women were asked about their understanding and perceptions of the communication of New York State-mandated breast density information, and any actions they have taken or would take in response to this information. A content analysis of the qualitative data from the translated and transcribed interviews was conducted. Results The majority of participants had no prior knowledge of breast density and expressed confusion and apprehension regarding the meaning of dense breasts when presented with the notification information. Many participants understood having dense breasts to be a serious and abnormal condition, and reported feelings of worry and vulnerability. Participants mostly expressed a strong interest in learning about breast density and obtaining additional and more frequent breast cancer screening tests. These behavioral intentions were consistent with participants' overall favorable view of breast cancer screening and a belief that their faith, as well as regular screening, can help to protect them from breast cancer morbidity and mortality. Conclusions Hispanic women conveyed proactive breast cancer screening intentions in response to breast density notification, despite inadequate comprehension of this information and negative emotional responses.
Just the Facts, Mammon: Aspirations to Moral and Cultural Neutrality

Shows how economists in the nineteenth century aspired to a morally and culturally neutral social science. Traces the roots of the positive-normative economic dichotomy—through David Ricardo, Nassau Senior, John Stuart Mill, J.E. Cairnes, William Stanley Jevons, and Henry Sidgwick—until John Neville Keynes solved the British “methodenstreit”: a conflict between historicists interested first in institutional arrangements, and an emerging new attraction to economic theorizing in Austria and at Cambridge. Neville Keynes once and for all cemented the positive-normative distinction, thereby ensuring the eventual success of Alfred Marshall’s Principles text. Friedrich List was father to the historicist movement in Germany and Austria, which was a reaction to the more theoretical work being carried out by the founders of the Austrian school.
Applying Design-Based Research Findings to Improve the Common Core State Standards for Data and Statistics in Grades 4–6

The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics have a widespread impact on children’s statistical learning opportunities. The Grade 6 standards are particularly ambitious in the goals they set. In...
Ubiquinone Biosynthetic Complexes in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Ubiquinone (UQ) is a conserved polyprenylated lipid essential to cellular respiration. Two papers, one in this issue of Cell Chemical Biology (Hajj Chehade et al., 2019) and another in Molecular Cell (Lohman et al., 2019), identify lipid-binding proteins that play crucial roles in chaperoning UQ-intermediates.
Evaluating the performance of reflective band imaging systems: a tutorial

At NVESD, the targeting task performance (TTP) metric applies a weighting of different system specifications, that are determined from the scene geometry, to calculate a probability of task performance. In this correspondence we detail how to utilize an imaging system specification document to obtain a baseline performance estimate using the Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM), the corresponding input requirements, and potential assumptions. We then discuss how measurements can be performed to update the model to pro- vide a more accurate prediction of performance, detailing the procedures taken at the NVESD Advanced Sensor Evaluation Facility (ASEF) lay utilizing the Night Vision Laboratory Capture (NVLabCap) software. Finally, we show how the outputs of the measurement can be compared to those of the initial specification sheet based model, and evaluated against a requirements document. The modeling components and data set produced for this work are available upon request, and will serve as a means to benchmark performance for both modeling and measurement methods.
Identification of selection and inhibition components in a go/nogo task from EEG spectra using a machine learning model

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPrior Go/NoGo studies have localized specific regions and EEG spectra for which traditional approaches have distinguished between Go and NoGo conditions. A more detailed characterization of the spatial distribution and timing of the synchronization of frequency bands would contribute substantially to the clarification of neural mechanisms that underlie performance of the Go/NoGo task. The present study used a machine learning approach to learn the features that distinguish between ERSPs involved in selection and inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. A neural network classifier was used to predict task conditions for each subject to characterize ERSPs associated with Go versus NoGo trials. The final model accurately identified individual task conditions at an overall rate of 92%, estimated by 5-fold cross-validation. The detailed accounting of EEG time-frequency patterns localized to brain sources (i.e., thalamus, preSMA, orbitofrontal cortex, and superior parietal cortex) provides elaboration on previous findings from fMRI and EEG studies and more information about EEG power changes in multiple frequency bands (i.e., primarily theta power increase, alpha decreases, and beta increases and decreases) within these regions underlying the selection and inhibition processes engaged in the Go and NoGo trials. This extends previous findings, providing more information about neural mechanisms underlying selection and inhibition processes engaged in the Go and NoGo trials, respectively, and may offer insight into therapeutic uses of neuromodulation in neural dysfunction.
Optimizing Walking Pace to Maximize Snake Detection Rate: A Visual Encounter Survey Experiment

Abstract: Visual encounter survey efforts can be defined and constrained by duration, distance, or both duration and distance simultaneously. This study examines the optimal walking pace that will ...
Impact of Mn(I) PhotoCORM Ligand Set on Photochemical Intermediate Formation during Visible Light-Activated CO Release

Abstract Tricarbonylmanganese(I) complexes are known to be robust photo-activated CO releasing molecules, or photoCORMs, yet their photochemical ligand exchange mechanisms as a function of ligand set are not well understood. The work reported herein presents a series of fac-[Mn(NN)(CO)3(L)]n+ compounds, in which NN = 4,4′-dimethylester-2,2′-bipyridine (dmebpy), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), or 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Me2bpy), and L = Br− (n = 0) or py (n = 1), which were designed to probe the impact of both NN and L on the photochemical ligand exchange mechanism and efficiency in coordinating solvent. Replacing the π-donor Br− with π-acceptor py not only stabilizes the Mn(I)-based HOMO, blue shifting the absorption maximum and decreasing the quantum yield for CO dissociation (ΦCO), but also influences the structures of the observed photochemical intermediates. This study reveals, through FTIR and 1H NMR studies, that the first CO loss occurs cis to L when L = Br−, while the first CO loss occurs trans to L when L = py. Varying the π-acidity of NN provides the expected increase in ΦCO as NN π-acidity increases (Me2bpy
Atomic-level active sites of efficient imidazolate framework-derived nickel catalysts for CO2 reduction

Nickel and nitrogen co-doped carbon (Ni–N–C) has emerged as a promising catalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR); however, the chemical nature of its active sites has remained elusive. Herein, we report the exploration of the reactivity and active sites of Ni–N–C for the CO2RR. Single atom Ni coordinated with N confined in a carbon matrix was prepared through thermal activation of chemically Ni-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and directly visualized by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical results show the enhanced intrinsic reactivity and selectivity of Ni–N sites for the reduction of CO2 to CO, delivering a maximum CO faradaic efficiency of 96% at a low overpotential of 570 mV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the edge-located Ni–N2+2 sites with dangling bond-containing carbon atoms are the active sites facilitating the dissociation of the C–O bond of the *COOH intermediate, while bulk-hosted Ni–N4 is kinetically inactive. Furthermore, the high capability of edge-located Ni–N4 being able to thermodynamically suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution is also explained. The proposal of edge-hosed Ni–N2+2 sites provides new insight into designing high-efficiency Ni–N–C for CO2 reduction.
CHANGES IN OLDER ADULT FALLS, FALL INJURIES, AND FALL FATALITIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES—2012–2016

Falls are the leading cause of injury among adults aged 65 and older and cost $50 billion/year in medical expenditures. The age-adjusted rate of fatal falls increased 31% nationally and in most states during the past decade. However, the corresponding change in the prevalence of self-reported falls and fall injuries is unknown and has not been compared to the increasing fall fatality rate. Any increase in the prevalence of falls would translate to a greater burden to the healthcare system. Data from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to calculate fall and fall injury prevalence, controlling for age. Year-to-year differences in fall and fall injury prevalence were detected using two-sample t-tests. Data from Vital Statistics were used to calculate fall fatality rates and were age-adjusted with the 2000 U.S. Census. Joinpoint was used to determine significant change for fall fatalities from 2012–2016. State-specific estimates of fall and fall injury prevalence and fatality rates were compared to the national prevalence and rate using two-sample t-tests. From 2012–2016 the fall prevalence increased nationally and in nine states. The prevalence of fall injuries increased in five states and decreased in one but did not change nationally. The fall fatality rate increased nationally and in 17 states and decreased in 1 state. In 2016, only New Mexico had a higher prevalence of self-reported falls and fall injuries, and a higher rate of fall fatalities compared to the national average.
Peripheral T cell lymphoma, NOS with aberrant αβ and γδ T cell receptor expression in a post-heart transplant patient

Three main patterns of T cell receptor (TCR) expression are identified in peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL): TCR-αβ type, TCR-γδ type, and TCR silent type. Cases of PTCL that express both αβ and γδ receptors are rare. Here, we report a case of PTCL-NOS (not otherwise specified) with dual αβ and γδ expression in a 61-year-old female 6 years after orthotopic cardiac transplant. The patient presented with fatigue, fever, worsening anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A chest CT showed multiple irregular lung nodules and diffuse lymphadenopathy. Cytology evaluation of the lymph nodes revealed large atypical lymphocytes with immunopositivity for CD3, CD8, CD56, TIA1, and granzyme B and immunonegativity for CD5 and CD30. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was not detected by EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization study. The corresponding flow cytometry demonstrated abnormal T cells with TCR-αβ and TCR-γδ expression and loss of CD5 expression. A TCR gene rearrangement study demonstrated the presence of a clonal lymphoid population with TCRβ and TCRγ rearrangements. The patient was deceased within 2 months despite aggressive treatment. The findings were consistent with an EBV-negative, monomorphic T cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) with features of PTCL-NOS. A literature review of T cell lymphoma with co-expression of TCR-αβ and TCR-γδ was performed. A case of aggressive PTCL with dual expression of TCR-αβ and TCR-γδ in a post-transplant setting has not been previously reported.