cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Firm- and Country-Level Trade-offs and Contingencies in the Evaluation of Foreign Investment: The Semiconductor Industry, 1994--2002

This paper examines the joint impact of firm- and country-level factors on the international plant location decisions of semiconductor firms from 1994--2002. We find that these factors interact to influence the location decisions of firms investing abroad in a given host country. Firms with more advanced technological capabilities are more likely to make investments in countries with greater technological sophistication but not in politically hazardous countries where they face greater expropriation hazards. Firms with less-advanced technology are more willing to accept a trade-off between country-level political hazards and technological sophistication. Firms also trade off own- versus other-firm experience as sources of critical knowledge regarding the foreign investment environment.
Sodium-bicarbonate cotransport in retinal Muller (glial) cells of the salamander

An electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransport system was studied in freshly dissociated Muller cells of the salamander retina. Cotransporter currents were recorded from isolated cells using the whole-cell, voltage-clamp technique following the block of K+ conductance with external Ba2+ and internal Cs+. At constant pHo, an outward current was evoked when extracellular HCO3- concentration was raised by pressure ejecting a HCO3(-)-buffered solution onto the surface of cells bathed in nominally HCO3(-)-free solution. The HCO3(-)-evoked outward current was reduced to 4.4% of control by 0.5 mM DIDS (4,4′- diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate), to 28.8% of control by 2 mM DNDS (4,4′-dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate), and to 28.4% of control by 2 mM harmaline. Substitution of choline for Na+ in bath and ejection solutions reduced the response to 1.3% of control. Bicarbonate-evoked currents of normal magnitude were recorded when methane sulfonate was substituted for Cl- in bath, ejection, and intracellular solutions. Similarly, an outward current was evoked when extracellular Na+ concentration was raised in the presence of HCO3-. The Na(+)-evoked response was reduced to 16.2% of control by 2 mM DNDS and was abolished by removal of HCO3- from bath and ejection solutions. Taken together, these results (block by stilbenes and harmaline, HCO3- and Na+ dependence, Cl- independence) indicate that salamander Muller cells possess an electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransport system. Na+/HCO3- cotransporter sites were localized primarily at the endfoot region of Muller cells. Ejection of HCO3- onto the endfoot evoked outward currents 10 times larger than currents evoked by ejections onto the opposite (distal) end of the cell. The reversal potential of the cotransporter was determined by DNDS block of cotransport current. In the absence of a transmembrane HCO3- gradient, the reversal potential varied systematically as a function of the transmembrane Na+ gradient. The reversal potential was -0.1 mV for a [Na+]o:[Na+]i ratio of 1:1 and -25.2 mV for a Na+ gradient ratio of 7.4:1. Based on these values, the estimated stoichiometry of the cotransporter was 2.80 +/- 0.13:1 (HCO3- :Na+). Possible functions of the glial cell Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, including the regulation of CO2 in the retina and the regulation of cerebral blood flow, are discussed.
Is Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Weight Influenced by Formula Selection

Objective Several published formulas exist for the determination of estimated fetal weight (EFW), with limited data on their comparative accuracies. The aims of our study were to assess and compare the performance of different EFW formulas in predicting actual birth weight (BW) in an urban population. Methods Patients with an EFW determined within 7 days of delivery were considered eligible for the study. Fourteen published formulas, derived from populations comparable to ours, were used to recalculate EFWs from the same initial measurements. The accuracy of the EFWs obtained from the different formulas were compared by percentage error methods using bias and precision and Bland-Altman limits of agreement methods. Sensitivity and specificity for prediction of being small for gestational age (SGA) were calculated. Results Eighty-one fetuses were included in the study. Formula C of Hadlock et al [Hadlock C; log(10) BW = 1.335 - 0.0034(abdominal circumference [AC])(femur length [FL]) + 0.0316(biparietal diameter) + 0.0457(AC) + 0.1623(FL); Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151:333-337] had the best performance according to the bias and precision method. Bland-Altman limits of agreement confirmed these results. Among the formulas, the sensitivity for detection of SGA ranged from 72% to 100%, and specificity was 41% to 88%. Hadlock C had the optimal sensitivity/specificity trade-off for detection of SGA. Conclusions Fourteen formulas showed considerable variation of bias and precision in our population as well as a wide range of sensitivities and specificities for SGA. The choice of the appropriate formula for EFW in a given population should be based on objective and explicit criteria. Consideration of bias and precision for the formula in the population being assessed is critical and may affect clinical care.
Microgrooving and microthreading tools for fabricating curvilinear features

This paper presents techniques for fabricating microscopic, curvilinear features in a variety of workpiece materials. Micro-grooving and micro-threading tools having cutting widths as small as 13 {micro}m are made by focused ion beam sputtering and used for ultra-precision machining. Tool fabrication involves directing a 20 keV gallium beam at polished cylindrical punches made of cobalt M42 high-speed steel or C2 tungsten carbide to create a number of critically aligned facets. Sputtering produces rake facets of desired angle and cutting edges having radii of curvature equal to 0.4 {micro}m. Clearance for minimizing frictional drag of a tool results from a particular ion beam/target geometry that accounts for the sputter yield dependence on incidence angle. It is believed that geometrically specific cutting tools of this dimension have not been made previously. Numerically controlled, ultra-precision machining with micro-grooving tools results in a close match between tool width and feature size. Microtools are used to machine 13 {micro}m wide, 4 {micro}m deep, helical grooves in polymethyl methacrylate and 6061 Al cylindrical workplaces. Micro-grooving tools are also used to fabricate sinusoidal cross-section features in planar metal samples.
Women as Victims: A Feminist Social Work Perspective

SOCIAL WORK (ISSN 0037-8046) is a profes­ sional journal committed to improving practice and extending knowledge in social work and social welfare. The Editorial Board welcomes manuscripts that yield new insights into established practices, evaluate new techniques and research, ex­ amine current social problems, or bring serious, critical analysis to bear on the problems of the profession itself. The occa­ sionalliterary piece is gladly received when it concerns Issues of significance to social workers. Opinions expressed in the journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the National Associa­ tion of Social Workers. Advertising rates are available on request. Publication of an advertisement does not constitute endorsement or approval of con­ tents of a book, other publications, point of view, standards of service, or opinion pre­ sented therein, nor does NASW guarantee the accuracy of the information given.
Phase-field simulation of microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V in electron beam additive manufacturing process

Abstract Electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) is a relatively new technology to produce metallic parts in a layer by layer fashion by melting and fusing the metallic powders. Ti–6Al–4V is one of the most used industrial alloys used for aerospace and biomedical application. EBAM is a rapid solidification process and the properties of the build material depend on the solidification behavior as well as the microstructure of the build material. Thus, the prediction of part microstructures during the process may be an important factor for process optimization. In this study, a phase field model is developed for microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V powder in EBAM process. FORTRAN code is used to solve the phase field equations, which incorporates the temperature gradient and solidification velocity as the simulation parameters. The effect of temperature gradient and the beam scan speed on microstructure is investigated through simulation. The simulation results are compared with the analytical model and experimental findings by measuring the spacing evolution under the solidification condition
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and primary debulking surgery utilization for advanced-stage ovarian cancer at a comprehensive cancer center

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and primary debulking surgery (PDS) before and after results from a randomized trial were published and showed non-inferiority between NACT and PDS in the management of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma. Methods We evaluated consecutive patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer treated at our institution from 1/1/08–5/1/13, which encompassed 32months before and 32months after the randomized trial results were published. We included all newly diagnosed patients with high-grade histology and stage III/IV disease. Associations between the use of NACT and clinical variables over time were evaluated. Results Our study included 586 patients. Median age was 62years (range, 30–90); 406 patients (69%) had stage III disease, and 570 (97%) had disease of serous histology. Twenty-six percent (154/586) were treated with NACT and 74% (432/586) with PDS. NACT use increased significantly from 22% (56/256) before 2010 (at which point the results of the randomized trial were published) to 30% (98/330) after 2010 (p=0.037). Although patients who underwent PDS were more likely to experience grade 3/4 surgical complications than those who underwent NACT, those selected for PDS had a median OS of 71.7months (CI, 59.8-not reached) compared with 42.9months (CI 37.1-56.3) for those selected for NACT. Conclusions In this single-institution analysis, the best survival outcomes were observed in patients who were deemed eligible for PDS followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Selection criteria for NACT require further definition and should take institutional surgical strategy into account.
The P.R.O.S.E. (Psychological Research on Synthetic Environments) Project: Conducting In-World Psychological Research on 3D Virtual Worlds

The P.R.O.S.E. (Psychological Research on Synthetic Environments) Project was established to investigate the psychology of 3D virtual worlds. Under the auspices of the project, a systematic program of in-world behavioral research is being conducted that addresses three core questions related to the psychology of 3D immersive environments: What are the characteristics of active participants in virtual worlds? Do the principles of psychology that operate in the real world also apply to the virtual world? Do experiences in the virtual world have the capacity to influence behavior and subjective experience in the real world? The current paper describes a series of studies that examine each of these questions and outlines future directions for the project. If projections for a highly populated, ubiquitously accessible (web-based), and seamlessly integrated (interoperable) network of virtual worlds are borne out, a new realm of psychological reality and interaction will have been created that will be increasingly important for behavioral scientists to investigate and understand.
Evaluating suicidal risk.

Suicide is seldom, if ever, a comfortable subject to deal with. Medical school curricula, for various reasons, are too often unable to include the subject in a useful way, and consequently physicians feel unprepared when confronted with a severely depressed or desperate patient in practice. In addition, suicide is an unsettling reality because it relects and reminds us of our own frailty and humanity. Nearly everyone has had an experience of depression or some fleeting thought of suicide at some time in his life. Growing up can often be almost unbearably painful at certain times during adolescence. Middle age inevitably brings with it losses, possibly of loved ones, and with this uncertainties about whether it is really all worth the effort. And as age advances, health and vigor and aspirations slowly depart. Exactly when, at times of crisis such as these, suicidal thoughts take over and lead to action is difficult to define, but the physician must always be prepared for this possibility. Factors have been described which may be useful in alerting the physician to the possibility of suicide. Physical illness may give rise to feelings of hopelessness to which the physician must stay attuned; the patient may also use physical illness as a pretext for seeking help for deeper things that trouble him. As Havens points out, neither reassurance, nor criticism, nor abbreviating the interview will help the situation of a desperate patient. Clarification of the patient's feelings and thoughts are mandatory. Psychiatric consultation can be an important adjunct in achieving this goal and may at times be life saving. Language: en
A Critical Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alcohol Consumption

In this issue of Biological Psychiatry, Warnault et al. (1) investigated the role of a point mutation in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene from valine 68 (Val68) to methionine 68 (Met68) (mouse homolog of human Met66BDNF allele) in the risk of developing alcoholism using a knock-in approach in C57BL/6 mice. The mice expressing Met68BDNF showed excessive alcohol consumption compared with wildtype Val68BDNF mice. Treatment of Met68BDNF mice with the tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist LM22A-4 or overexpression of Val68BDNF in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex resulted in the attenuation of alcohol consumption. Thus, results discussed in the article suggest that humans carrying the Met66BDNF allele appear to be at high risk for developing alcoholism and pinpoint a potential therapeutic agent for treating alcohol use disorders. Alcoholism is a brain disease that is associated with repetitive cycles of uncontrollable drinking (2,3). Two major states of alcoholism have been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of alcohol use disorders, termed positive and negative affective states (2–5). The positive affective state is related to the euphoric and rewarding properties of ethanol, whereas the negative affective state refers to alleviation of the negative emotional state that develops during withdrawal. The latter has been conceptualized in the field as the “dark side of addiction” (2–5). Several cellular mechanisms involving corticotropin-releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, gammaaminobutyric acid, glutamate, and dopaminergic systems within key brain structures have been identified to underlie the neurobiological basis of both positive and negative reinforcement properties of alcohol addiction (2–6). One other cellular molecule appears to be BDNF, and related signaling mechanisms acting within specific brain circuitry regulate synaptic plasticity associated with alcohol drinking behaviors (3–6). When I started my research on BDNF about 10 years ago, knowledge of the molecule’s role in brain diseases was still in its infancy compared with the present time. We now know that BDNF is a crucial brain signaling protein that is integral to many signaling pathways and whose deficiency in key neural circuits is associated with development of psychiatric disorders, including alcoholism (3–7). It is still unclear how and in which cell types BDNF functions in the brain, but available evidence suggests that BDNF via tropomyosin receptor kinase B regulates synaptic plasticity via activation of several signaling systems, most prominently mitogenactivated protein kinases leading to activation of the gene transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (5,6). Signaling by BDNF has been implicated in neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and maturation (4–7). The BDNF gene is complex and has
Pressure-induced crystallization of low density polyethylene on carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers

In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) crystalline structures produced via a solution-crystallization method on carbon nano-fillers were characterized. The nano-fillers used in this study are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). CNTs and CNFs were used to act as a nucleating surface for polymer crystallization. In the case of CNTs, we obtained nanohybrid shish-kebab architecture by epitaxial crystallization. This is a unique way to bond polymer with nanofillers, in which the CNTs act as shish, while polymer act as kebabs. A pressure-induced crystallization approach was employed to investigate the effects of crystallization time and pressure on the CNFs/LDPE nanohybrid structure and percent crystallinity. The morphology of the nanohybrids was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to quantify the amount of crystalline polymer. The LDPE crystals grown on CNTs had significant morphological differences from those grown on CNFs. The polymer crystals were found to periodically decorate the CNTs with a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) architecture, in which CNTs acts as a shish, while LDPE crystals were arranged as circular disks on the CNTs. POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Feasibility of time-lapse gravity gradiometry for SAGD monitoring

Improvements in the sensitivity of gradiometers have opened up the possibility of new applications of gravity gradiometry. For example, it may now be possible to detect the subtle signal variations of time-lapse reservoirs. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of using gravity gradiometry as a monitoring tool for SAGD (steam-assisted gravity drainage) reservoirs. SAGD is an ideally suited time-lapse gradiometry problem due to the shallowness of the formations and large density contrasts caused by steam replacing heavy oil. We begin by developing a test model that is a first-order approximation to the density change produced by the growing steam chamber within the subsurface. Using this model, we first analyze the predicted signal and compare it to current and predicted nextgeneration instrument sensitivities. We then expand to a more realistic multi-well SAGD problem, with varying density contrast and deviating plumes, to develop a workflow that includes inversion to understand the ability of this method to recover information about steam chamber integrity.
Demonstration of a joint power harvesting and communication technology for smartphone centric ubiquitous sensing applications

With the popularization of smartphones, various smartphone centric ubiquitous sensing applications have emerged, which use a smartphone in conjunction with external sensors for data acquisition, processing, display, communication, and storage. Because smartphones do not have a universal data interfaces, many ubiquitous sensing applications use the earphone and the microphone channels of the 3.5mm audio interface for data communications so that they can work with different types of smartphones. The earphone channels of the 3.5mm audio interface can only send AC signal out of a smartphone, and hence DC power needs to be harvested from the earphone channels. In this demonstration, a joint power harvesting and communication technology to harvest double or more power from both earphone channels (instead of one earphone channel) without affecting data communications is demonstrated with a prototype system, which can power external a microcontroller and sensors through the 3.5mm audio interface of a smartphone, display sensor measurement results on the smartphone, and control the outputs of the microcontroller from the smartphone.
Characterizing the onset and demise of the Indian summer monsoon

An objective index of the onset and demise of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is introduced. This index has the advantage of simplicity by using only one variable, which is the spatially averaged all-India rainfall, a reliably observed quantity for more than a century. The proposed onset index is shown to be insensitive to all historic false onsets. By definition, now the seasonal mean rainfall anomalies become a function of variations in onset and demise dates, rendering their monitoring to be very meaningful. This new index provides a comprehensive representation of the seasonal evolution of the ISM by capturing the corresponding changes in large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic variables. We also show that the interannual variability of the onset date of the ISM is associated with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with early (late) onsets preceded by cold (warm) ENSO.
Study on angiotensinII inducing endothelial cell aging in vitro

[Objective] To study if angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) could induce human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) aging, and to determine the possible mechanism. [Methods] The cultured HUVECs in vitro were divided into 3 groups, the control group, AngⅡgroup(stimulated with 10-6 mol/L AngⅡ for 48 h), AngⅡ plus valsartan group(valsartan was added to cells 1h before 10-6 mol/L AngⅡ ). Superoxide() level in cells and medium were examined. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyse mRNA and protein expression of NADPH oxidase p22phox, angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptor(AT1R,AT2R). [Results] AngⅡ stimulation enhanced the positive cell number of β-gal stained HUVEC, depressed cell proliferation, and increased the protein expression of P16, at the same time, stimulated cells produced less NO and more. The mRNA and protein expression of p22phox and AT2R in cells stimulated with AngⅡ increased, the expression of AT1R decreased; valsartan treatment alleviated aging associated changes, decreased production and increased NO production, and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of p22phox. [Conclusion] The study indicated AngⅡ upregulates the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit-p22phox at the transcriptional degree, hence increases production and ultimately induces HUVECs in vitro senescent; valsartan treatment protects endothelial cells from aging at a certain extent.
Dichrometer Errors Resulting from Large Signals or Improper Modulator Phasing

A single-beam spectrometer equipped with a photoelastic modulator can be configured to measure a number of different parameters useful in characterizing chemical and biochemical materials including natural and magnetic circular dichroism, linear dichroism, natural and magnetic fluorescence-detected circular dichroism, and fluorescence polarization anisotropy as well as total absorption and fluorescence. The derivations of the mathematical expressions used to extract these parameters from ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light-induced electronic signals in a dichrometer assume that the dichroic signals are sufficiently small that certain mathematical approximations will not introduce significant errors. This article quantifies errors resulting from these assumptions as a function of the magnitude of the dichroic signals. In the case of linear dichroism, improper modulator programming can result in errors greater than those resulting from the assumption of small signal size, whereas for fluorescence polarization anisotropy, improper modulator phase alone gives incorrect results. Modulator phase can also impact the values of total absorbance recorded simultaneously with linear dichroism and total fluorescence. Chirality 24:706–717, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.†
The National Liberation Front

The Second Indochina War was a very different conflict from the First Indochina War. The war against the Americans was fought on a much broader scale than the war against the French and there was much greater involvement of masses of poor and middle-peasant men and women in the struggle. There was a broad-based resistance to the Americans which pre-dated the formation of the National Liberation Front and therefore the composition of the Front was more diverse than that of Viet Minh, and the Front enjoyed more active mass support.
Cell-Mediated Immunity in Long Term Transplant Patients

We recently reported 8–12 yr follow-up studies of the earliest renal transplant recipients at the Medical College of Virginia (44). At a mean follow-up of 10 yr, about 50% of these early transplant recipients are alive, all with functioning kidneys. Tissue typing was not available when these patients were transplanted and retrospective typing has shown that most patients were non HL-A identical with their recipients. Therefore, the immunological mechanisms which permitted successful transplantation for a decade or longer are of great interest.
Two bird species new for Hispaniola

In January 2007 we observed a small group of Eurasian Collared-Doves ( Streptopelia decaocto ) and trapped a male Painted Bunting ( Passerina ciris ) in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. The collared-dove was expected given its rapid range expansion since its introduction in the Bahamas. En enero de 2007 fue observado un pequeno grupo de tortolas de collar ( Streptopelia decaocto ) y fue atrapado un macho de Passerina ciris en Punta Cana, Republica Dominicana. La llegada de las tortolas era esperada producto de la rapida expansion de su rango de distribucion desde su introduccion en las Bahamas. Nous avons observe en janvier 2007 un petit groupe de Tourterelles turques ( Streptopelia decaocto ) et avons capture un mâle de Passerin nonpareil ( Passerina ciris ) a Punta Cana, en Republique Dominicaine. La Tourterelle turque etait attendue en raison de son expansion rapide depuis son introduction aux Bahamas.
Validity and Efficiency in the Design of Transverse Physiologic Periodicity Experiments

Biometric principles of research design are presented here in their relation to the transverse study of physiologic rhythm. Certain of these generalizations are relevant primarily to the validity of such experimentation, while others have significance mainly for efficiency. Because of space limitations, the emphasis is upon procedures of design (i.e. data collection) rather than analysis (i.e. data calculation), a choice based upon the logical priority of the design process.
Postoperative Delirium in Glioblastoma Patients: Risk Factors and Prognostic Implications.

BACKGROUND Delirium is a postoperative neurological morbidity in glioblastoma whose risk factors, incidence, and prognostic implications remain undefined. OBJECTIVE To develop an algorithm using preoperative factors to predict postoperative delirium. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 554 consecutive patients (mean age = 61.5 yr; 42% female) undergoing first glioblastoma procedure at our institution 2005 to 2011. RESULTS Postoperative delirium occurred in 7% of patients (n = 38). Patients undergoing biopsy (10%; n = 54) did not experience delirium. In patients undergoing resection (n = 500), multivariate logistic regression identified 5 factors independently predicting postoperative delirium: age, chronic pulmonary disease, psychiatric history, bihemispheric tumors, and tumor size. We developed a score function entitled "GRAD" (Glioblastoma Risk Assessment for Delirium) to stratify patients into risk categories by assigning point(s) to each preoperative factor based on the relative magnitude of its regression coefficient. Point totals were summed for each patient: patients with 0 to 2 (n = 227) and 3 to 7 (n = 221) points were designated as low and high risk with postoperative delirium rates of 2% vs 15%, respectively (chi-square; P < .001), with the model validated using a separate patient cohort. Postoperative delirium lengthened hospital stays (P < .001), decreased likelihood of discharge home (P < .001), and was independently associated with decreased survival (4.5 vs 13.4 mo; hazard ratio = 1.9 [1.2-2.8]) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION We developed a model to predict development of postoperative delirium using 2 tumor-specific (bihemispheric tumors and tumor size) and 3 patient-specific (age, psychiatric history, and chronic pulmonary disease) factors. High-risk patients and their families should be counseled preoperatively, and this risk could be considered in the choice of biopsy vs resection, and resection patients should be monitored closely postoperatively.
Elementary Teachers' Perceptions of a Reformed Teacher-Evaluation System.

This qualitative case study focused on 13 elementary teachers' perceptions of their evaluations. Using multiple schools (5) and teachers (13) we explored the impact of evaluations on instruction. I...
Baryon masses and σ terms in SU(3) BChPT × 1/Nc

Abstract Baryon masses and nucleon σ terms are studied with the effective theory that combines the chiral and 1 / N c expansions for three flavors. In particular the connection between the deviation of the Gell-Mann–Okubo relation and the σ term associated with the scalar density u ¯ u + d ¯ d − 2 s ¯ s is emphasized. The latter is at lowest order related to a mass combination whose low value has given rise to a σ term puzzle. It is shown that while the nucleon σ terms have a well behaved low energy expansion, that mass combination is affected by large higher order corrections non-analytic in quark masses. Adding to the analysis lattice QCD baryon masses, it is found that σ π N = 69 ( 10 ) MeV and σ s has natural magnitude within its relatively large uncertainty.
Technology-Focused Family Interventions in Pediatric Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review

This systematic review provides a synthesis of randomized-controlled trials of technology-focused family interventions for children with chronic illnesses and their families, focused on describing the current state of the literature and generating recommendations for future family systems work in the field of eHealth/mHealth. Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. No identified studies featured an mHealth delivery modality. Relevant data were extracted and studies were assessed for quality. There was great variability with regard to intervention factors (e.g., format) and family-centered intervention targets. There is some evidence that eHealth interventions may lead to improvements in particular domains of family functioning (e.g., family conflict) for some groups of participants. However, mixed results and selection of numerous different intervention targets by investigators make it challenging to draw summative conclusions about the overall effectiveness of family systems eHealth interventions. Future research should move beyond feasibility/acceptability studies and examine family-centered processes as primary outcomes. Future research should also consider novel intervention formats to determine whether intervention effects are more robust for certain groups (e.g., individuals who prefer electronic intervention delivery to in-person intervention).
μ-(2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-3,7-dithiadecane) decacarbonylditungsten(0)

The title compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic unit cell, a = 6.6662(8) A, b = 8.8584(6) A, c = 13.574(2) A, α = 71.468(7)°, β = 82.182(9)°, γ = 75.270(7)°, Z = 1. Refinement converged at R = 0.0396 for 1383 observed reflections. The molecule consists of two W(CO)5 fragments bridged centrosymmetrically by the 2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-3,7-dithiadecane ligand.
Let the Preseason Begin: Want to Play?

During the first session of the 111th Congress (Jan. 6-Oct. 30), the Green Bag will be working out the kinks in a new project: FantasyLaw. We are looking for a few test subjects to help us - to share the joys of playing the beta version of FantasyLaw. If you know (or would like to know) enough about both the federal legislative process and traditional fantasy sports to enjoy leading a fantasy league in which the stars have all been elected to serve in the U.S. Senate or the House of Representatives, this might be for you. Please read on.
Benign lymphoepithelial parotid cyst with sebaceous differentiation--cystic sebaceous lymphadenoma.

A case of a benign lymphoepithelial parotid cyst with sebaceous differentiation, or cystic sebaceous lymphadenoma, in a 57-year-old white man is presented. The literature on lymphoepithelial cysts and sebaceous lymphadenomas of the parotid gland is reviewed, and the alternative hypotheses of “branchial cleft origin” and “intranodal salivary gland inclusion origin” are compared. This case lends support to the intranodal glandular inclusion theory for lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid.
Exercise-training-induced alterations in hepatic function in mares

The effects of exercise training on hepatic function in horses were determined by studying the plasma clearance of antipyrine (20 mg/kg iv) in adult mares that either underwent treadmill training f...
The Financial Impact of Domestic Partner Benefits in New Hampshire

What would be the financial implications of offering domestic partner benefits to state employees 1 in New Hampshire? Recent scholarly research and information from government agencies lead to the following findings: 1. Health insurance benefits are an important form of compensation, and employers are important sources of health care coverage. 2. Employers are increasingly offering the same health care benefits to the same-sex domestic partners of their employees as are offered to spouses of employees. 3. Health care costs for the State and local employers would increase by a small amount. 4. Some of the added cost to the State will be offset by lower spending on Medicaid and uncompensated health care, and by lower training and recruitment costs.
Inactivation of a model coliphage virus in water by iodine

Until now, NASA's space water reuse research program has not considered the transport of water-borne infectious enteric viruses; however, viral diseases probably are a signifficant concern in long-duration space missions. To simplify monitoring and prediction of pathogen distribution, model indicator strains historically have been used. In this research, the male specific RNA coliphage MS-2 is used as a model of enteric viruses due to their similar size and biochemical composition. Inactivation of some water-borne enteric viruses by iodine has previously been characterized. In this paper, iodine inactivation of the model coliphage MS-2 in buffered water is compared with earlier bench-scale disinfection survival data and with survival in iodinated simulated shower water used in a test water recycling system.
The role of lipoprotein subfractions in coronary artery disease: A Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Lipoprotein subfractions and particle sizes are increasingly used in observational studies to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the causal role of the different subfractions remain largely uncertain because the conventional study designs are subject to unmeasured confounding. We used Mendelian randomization and public GWAS summary data to estimate the effect of 82 lipoprotein subfraction and particle size traits on the occurrence of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. We found that, unlike LDL and VLDL subfractions, HDL subfraction traits appear to have heterogeneous effects on coronary artery disease according to particle size. The concentration of medium HDL particles may have a protective effect on coronary artery disease that is independent of traditional lipid factors.
A Design Framework for Learning About Representation in Video Games Through Modification of Narrative and Gameplay

In this paper, I provide an overview of a dissertation project that examines gameplay modification as a method for exploring queer representation in video games. First, I offer an overview of my research goals and the project itself. I then provide a brief outline of the game that is a major component of my dissertation. Next, I discuss the theoretical framework that informs the narrative design of the game to highlight sources that are important to my approach. Finally, I outline my current results, status, and the next steps I will take in the project. The goal of my dissertation is to find out whether players can effectively explore queer representation in video games by playing and modifying a game I built in the Ink scripting language called Life in the Megapocalypse. Overall, I argue that gameplay modification is an effective framework for exploring critical concepts because it allows players to model solutions to issues like problematic portrayals of queerness in gaming by implementing those solutions within the game’s code.
No single unification theory of everything

In light of Godel's undecidability results (incomplete theorems) for math, quantum indeterminism indicates that physics and the Universe may be indeterministic, incomplete, and open in nature, and therefore demand no single unification theory of everything. The Universe is dynamic and so are the underlying physical models and spacetime. As the 4-d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension in the early universe, consistent yet different models emerge one by one with different sets of particles and interactions. A new set of first principles are proposed for building such models with new understanding of supersymmetry, mirror symmetry, and the dynamic phase transition mechanism - spontaneous symmetry breaking. Under this framework, we demonstrate that different models with no theory of everything operate in a hierarchical yet consistent way at different phases or scenarios of the Universe. In particular, the arrow of time is naturally explained and the Standard Model of physics is elegantly extended to time zero of the Universe.
A Murky Doctrine Gets a Little Pushback: The Fourth Circuit's Rebuff of Guilty Pleas in United States v. Fisher

On April 1, 2013, in United States v. Fisher, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit vacated a defendant’s guilty plea post-sentencing because of an officer’s impermissible conduct during the preceding investigation. In doing so, the court expanded on the “voluntariness” prerequisite outlined in the seminal 1970 U.S. Supreme Court case of Brady v. United States that governs the guilty plea process in federal court. This Comment argues that this was a prudent expansion given the troubling nature of guilty pleas in general. This Comment outlines the basic contours of guilty pleas in the U.S. criminal justice system and finds that the protection extended by the Fourth Circuit in
Augmenting machine learning of energy landscapes with local structural information

We present a machine learning approach for accurately predicting formation energies of binary compounds in the context of crystal structure predictions. The success of any machine learning model depends significantly on the choice of representation used to encode the relevant physical information into machine-learnable data. We test different representation schemes based on partial radial and angular distribution functions (RDF+ADF) on Al–Ni and Cd–Te structures generated using our genetic algorithm for structure prediction. We observe a remarkable improvement in predictive accuracy upon transitioning from global to atom-centered representations, resulting in a threefold decrease in prediction errors. We show that a support vector regression model using a combination of atomic radial and angular distribution functions performs best at the formation energy prediction task, providing small root mean squared errors of 3.9 meV/atom and 10.9 meV/atom for Al–Ni and Cd–Te, respectively. We test the performance of our models against common traditional descriptors and find that RDF- and ADF-based representations significantly outperform many of those in the prediction of formation energies. The high accuracy of predictions makes our machine learning models great candidates for the exploration of energy landscapes.
Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization.

Primary bile acids (BAs) are a collection of host-synthesized metabolites that shape physiology and metabolism. BAs transit the gastrointestinal tract and are subjected to a variety of chemical transformations encoded by indigenous bacteria. The resulting microbiota-derived BA pool is a mediator of host–microbiota interactions. Bacterial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) cleave the conjugated glycine or taurine from BAs, an essential upstream step for the production of deconjugated and secondary BAs. Probiotic lactobacilli harbor a considerable number and diversity of BSHs; however, their contribution to Lactobacillus fitness and colonization remains poorly understood. Here, we define and compare the functions of multiple BSHs encoded by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. Our genetic and biochemical characterization of lactobacilli BSHs lend to a model of Lactobacillus adaptation to the gut. These findings deviate from previous notions that BSHs generally promote colonization and detoxify bile. Rather, we show that BSH enzymatic preferences and the intrinsic chemical features of various BAs determine the toxicity of these molecules during Lactobacillus growth. BSHs were able to alter the Lactobacillus transcriptome in a BA-dependent manner. Finally, BSHs were able to dictate differences in bacterial competition in vitro and in vivo, defining their impact on BSH-encoding bacteria within the greater gastrointestinal tract ecosystem. This work emphasizes the importance of considering the enzymatic preferences of BSHs alongside the conjugated/deconjugated BA–bacterial interaction. These results deepen our understanding of the BA–microbiome axis and provide a framework to engineer lactobacilli with improved bile resistance and use probiotics as BA-altering therapeutics.
COVID-19: Opportunity to Re-Imagine Our Response to a National Medical Crisis.

The US is facing the most significant health challenge since the 1918–1919 flu pandemic. A response commensurate with this challenge requires engaged leadership and organization across private and public sectors that span federal agencies, public and private healthcare systems, professional organizations, and industry. In the trauma and emergency care communities, we have long discussed the tension between competition in healthcare and the need for regional cooperation to respond to large-scale disasters. The response to COVID-19 has required unprecedented coordination of private and public sector entities. Given the competitive nature of the US health system, these sectors do not regularly work together despite the requirement to do so during a national emergency. This crisis has exposed how structural aspects of the present healthcare system have limited our ability to rapidly transition to a whole-nation response during a national crisis. We propose a renewed focus on the intersection of the healthcare system and national security, with the express goal of creating a public-private partnership focused on leveraging our healthcare infrastructure to support the national security interests of the US.
Impact of Donor Sequence Number on Survival Following Heart Transplantation

Purpose With demand for organs greatly exceeding availability, expanded and safe organ acceptance may offer a means of improving heart transplantation access. Donor sequence number (DSN) has been considered to indicate organ desirability, with high numbers reflecting potentially high-risk features. We sought to evaluate the effect of high DSN on post-transplantation outcomes using a large national cohort. Methods Merged with the Potential Transplant Recipient File, the United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify isolated orthotopic heart transplantation recipients from 2001-2018. Only match runs with survival data were considered while recipients 90th percentile) for each year. A previously validated risk index incorporating donor features was used to quantify the risk of each organ. 30-day and 1-year adjusted survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards. Results Of 34,770 implanted organs, 3,549 (10.2%) were HDSN. The mean DSN at acceptance increased significantly during the study period (10.7 in 2001 to 18.8 in 2018, NP Conclusion Patients accepted at the highest sequence number demonstrated non-inferior short- and long-term survival outcomes. Transplant centers should be encouraged to accept higher-sequence grafts in selected patients.
The preparation of novice teacher educators for critical, justice-oriented teacher education: A longitudinal exploration of formal study in the pedagogy of teacher education

There continues to be limited focus on the preparation of teacher educators, particularly for teacher education aimed at challenging educational inequities. This case study explores the impact of a...
The Utility of iCare HOME Tonometry for Detection of Therapy-Related Intraocular Pressure Changes in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Purpose To assess whether iCare HOME rebound tonometry can detect therapy-related changes during self-monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP). Design Prospective clinical trial. Participants A total of 43 eyes (n = 27 subjects) with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled during standard-of-care clinic visits. Participants were grouped into control eyes managed on stable therapy (n = 18 eyes) or therapy change eyes undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT, n = 8 eyes), initiating topical therapy (n = 8 eyes), or adding a second medication to existing monotherapy (n = 9 eyes). Methods Subjects recorded IOP 4 times daily for 1 week using iCare HOME tonometry. Upon tonometer return, subjects underwent SLT or new medication start; an additional week of iCare HOME measurements was collected after 4 to 6 weeks. Control subjects recorded an additional week of measurements after 6 weeks. Measurements were grouped into 4 time periods (5–10 am , 10 am to 3 pm , 3–8 pm , 8 pm to 1 am ). Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) was performed at each study visit for comparison. Main Outcome Measures Detection of therapy response defined as an IOP reduction of ≥20%. Results For eyes that demonstrated a therapy response by GAT (n = 11), iCare HOME detected a therapy response in 90.9% of eyes in ≥1 time period and 45.5% of eyes in all 4 time periods. In eyes without a GAT-measured therapy response (n = 14), iCare HOME detected a response for 71.4% (n = 10) of eyes in ≥1 time period and for 7.1% of eyes (n = 1) at all 4 time periods. In treatment eyes, intraday and interday average minimum and maximum IOP, as well as interday IOP range, were significantly reduced after therapy without a significant change in intraday IOP range. Control group eyes did not demonstrate a significant change in average IOP minimum, maximum, or range between study weeks. Conclusions Home tonometry with iCare HOME reliably detects therapy-related IOP changes in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Treatment responses correlated well with in-office GAT and may detect treatment responses missed by GAT. Intraocular pressure measurements via home tonometry provide additional clinical information regarding intraday and interday IOP fluctuation beyond standard of care in office GAT measurements. The iCare HOME is a valuable tool to monitor therapeutic efficacy in patients with glaucoma.