cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of alanyl aminopeptidase (CD13) as a surface marker for isolation of mature gastric zymogenic chief cells

Injury and inflammation in the gastric epithelium can cause disruption of the pathways that guide the differentiation of cell lineages, which in turn can cause persistent alterations in differentiation patterns, known as metaplasia. Metaplasia that occurs in the stomach is associated with increased risk for cancer. Methods for isolating distinct gastric epithelial cell populations would facilitate dissection of the molecular and cellular pathways that guide normal and metaplastic differentiation. Here, we identify alanyl aminopeptidase (CD13) as a specific surface marker of zymogenic chief cells (ZCs) in the gastric epithelium. We show that 1) among gastric epithelial cells alanyl aminopeptidase expression is confined to mature ZCs, and 2) its expression is lost en route to metaplasia in both mouse and human stomachs. With this new marker coupled with new techniques that we introduce for dissociating gastric epithelial cells and overcoming their constitutive autofluorescence, we are able to reliably isolate enriched populations of ZCs for both molecular analysis and for the establishment of ZC-derived ex vivo gastroid cultures.
Influence of long-term exposure to low concentration of benzene,toluene and xylene on the health of workers in an electrical apparatus company

[Objective]To explore the influence of benzene,toluene and xylene( mixed benzene) on health of exposure workers.[Methods]78 workers exposed to mixed benzene from the spraying workshop of an electrical apparatus company in Hohhot were collected in the exposure group,while 57 workers who have not been exposed to mixed benzene in this company were collected in the control group. The conventional internal medicine examination and laboratory detection were conducted. The thermal desorption activated charcoal tube was used in filed sampling,and gas chromatography was adopted to detect the mixed benzene concentration in air.[Results]The detection rates of headache,dizziness,sleep disorders,memory loss,chest tightness and bleeding gums in the exposure group( long-term exposed to low concentration of mixed benzene) were higher than those in the control group( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01),while the detection rates of leucopenia and neutropenia in the exposure group were higher than those in the control group( P 0. 05 and P 0. 01),and the differences were significant.[Conclusion]Long-term exposure to low concentration of mixed benzene may damage the nervous system and blood system of workers.
Toxicological Research of Panax Japonicus C.A.Mey Complex

BACKGROUND AND AIM:To test the safety of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey complex formulation.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Acute toxicity test,bone marrow cell micronucleus test,mice sperm abnormality test,Ames test and 30 d feeding test were used to study the toxicity.Negative control and positive control groups were set up with administration of water and cyclophosphamide in bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mice sperm abnormality test,respectively.Negative control group animals received water in 30 d feeding test.RESULTS:In acute toxicity test,male and female KM mice were fed with 20 g/kg dose of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey complex,no toxic symptoms were observed.The results of bone marrow cell micronucleus test,mice sperm abnormality test and Ames test were negative.In the 30 d feeding test,no obvious toxic effects in clinical,blood examination and biochemical index examinations,organism weight and pathological studies were detected in rats with the dose of 6 g/kg,which is 200 times the clinical prescribed dose.CONCLUSION:Panax japonicus C.A.Mey complex formulation could pass the toxicological assessment using the tests mentioned above.
Malignant tumors of the small intestine.

From a series of 11,438 cases of gastrointestinal malignancies, 217 small intestinal tumors are reviewed as to location, histology, sex and age of the patient, mode of diagnosis, and treatment. Risk factors and vague symptoms emphasize the delay often encountered in diagnosis. The end results of treatment of the various types of tumors are compared.
Japan, South Asia and the South Pacific

It might appear somewhat strange to include Japan’s relations with South Asia and the South Pacific in the same chapter. After all, the subcontinent of South Asia has a population of over one billion people compared to the four million people scattered across the South Pacific. But for Japanese policymakers and businessmen South Asia and the South Pacific are really the only regions in which Japan does not have any significant conflicts or diplomatic initiatives, while they are of secondary geoeconomic importance. In South Asia, Tokyo has tried to use its relatively large economic ties with Myanmar (Burma) to lessen the effects of the summer of 1989 government crack-down on the democracy movement and encourage economic reforms similar to those of China and Vietnam. In the South Pacific, wartime memories still linger and Japanese fishing policy has come under fire. But on the whole the outstanding political issues are minimal compared to Japan’s relations with other Third World regions.
Increased Prevalence of Neoplasms In Patients Diagnosed with Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

Abstract 1531 Introduction: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, poor specific antibody responses, and increased numbers of infections. In addition, patients with CVID have been reported to carry an increased risk of developing other co-morbidities, including autoimmunity and certain types of neoplasms. Data establishing the overall risk and prevalence of these co-morbidities in patients with CVID has been limited due to the small sizes of patient cohorts examined to-date, and the lack of comprehensive primary immunodeficiency registries. The objective of this study was to document the prevalence rates of lymphoma select neoplasms in a large cohort of patients with CVID. Methods: The MedStat MarketScan database, which contains approximately 48 million patients, was evaluated for the number of IVIG-treated CVID patients using the 279.06 ICD-9 code for CVID over a 6-year period (2002-2008). Ten-fold the number of randomly selected patients, based on age, gender and length of enrollment, were used for matched control comparisons to our CVID cohort. Each cohort was evaluated for the rate of select neoplasms using ICD-9 codes for malignant lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue neoplasms (ICD-9 codes 200 to 208). Results: 814 CVID patients with at least 18 months of data were identified in the database, with 61% being female and 39% being male. The average age for females and males was 45 and 37 years, respectively (p<.0001). The CVID cohort carried a significantly higher prevalence of having a diagnosis code for a malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue than the control cohort [10.1% vs. 0.6%, respectively (p<.0001)]. Most of these neoplasm diagnoses occurred after the diagnosis of their CVID; however, 26.8% of neoplasm diagnoses occurred before the diagnosis of CVID. Additionally, the rates for each of the select neoplasms examined showed a significantly higher rate in the CVID cohort than in the control cohort. Conclusions: This study showed that CIVD patients have a higher prevalence of being co-diagnosed with certain neoplasms than matched controls. These data also suggest that CVID patients should not only be evaluated longitudinally for the development of neoplasms, but that certain cancer patients may also need to be considered and evaluated for underlying immune deficiencies such as CVID. Disclosures: Grossman: Baxter BioScience: Employment. Bonnet: Baxter BioScience: Employment. Xiong: BioScience: Employment.
Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Insulin/Akt/mTORC1/S6K Signaling in Rat Hepatocytes

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Although multiple genetic and physiological factors interact to cause insulin resistance, deregulated signaling by phosphorylation is a common underlying mechanism. In particular, the specific phosphorylation-dependent regulatory mechanisms and signaling outputs of insulin are poorly understood in hepatocytes, which represents one of the most important insulin-responsive cell types. Using primary rat hepatocytes as a model system, we performed reductive dimethylation (ReDi)-based quantitative mass spectrometric analysis and characterized the phosphoproteome that is regulated by insulin as well as its key downstream kinases including Akt, mTORC1, and S6K. We identified a total of 12 294 unique, confidently localized phosphorylation sites and 3805 phosphorylated proteins in this single cell type. Detailed bioinformatic analysis on each individual data set identified both known and previously unrecognized targets of this key insulin downstream effector pat...
Mismatches in Self-Reported and Meta-Perceived Ethnic Identification across the High School Years

Ethnic identification (i.e., one’s self-reported ethnicity) is a social construction and therefore subject to misperceptions by others. When adolescents’ self-views and others’ perceptions are not aligned, adolescents may experience adjustment challenges. The present study examined mismatches between adolescents’ ethnic identification (i.e., self-reported ethnicity) and meta-perceptions (i.e., what ethnicity they believed their schoolmates presumed them to be), as well as longitudinal associations between mismatches and adjustment across the high school years. Participants (Mage = 14.5; 57% girls) were an ethnically diverse sample of 1151 low-income high school students who had participated in an earlier longitudinal study during middle school. Although ethnic identification was largely consistent across the high school years, many students (46%) experienced at least occasional mismatches between their self-reported ethnic identification and meta-perceptions, with students who ever identified as multiethnic experiencing more mismatches than their monoethnic counterparts. Experiencing a mismatch was associated with more depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and lower self-worth.
Beach replenishment and surf-zone injuries along the coast of Delmarva, USA

Abstract Beach replenishment is a common practice to repair eroded beaches along the beach communities of Delmarva. A consequence of beach replenishment is a significant increase in the slope of the beach within the surf-zone. Steepening of the beach slope can create conditions conducive to shorebreak. Shorebreak occurs when a wave approaches a beach unabated and breaks in shallow water near the shoreline. Accident reports are investigated to determine the statistics of shorebreak related injuries. From 2006 to 2015 shorebreak was a contributing factor in over 82% of reported surf-zone injuries in Ocean City, Maryland. Furthermore, this paper examines a beach slope before and after a beach replenishment project. The beach slopes are then utilized in a computational fluid dynamics model and solitary wave run-ups are simulated. It is determined that the beach replenishment project increased the beach slope enough to create shorebreak conditions as simulated in the computational model. Beach replenishment is linked to surf-zone injuries and alternative beach replenishment methods are proposed to reduce or eliminate shorebreak and shorebreak related injuries.
Multicultural Neurogenics: A Call and Response to Embrace Global Issues in Neurogenics

This epilogue outlines the call to address the clinical needs of adults from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with neurogenic communication disorders, and the training needs of spe...
A Drosophila Model of Intellectual Disability Caused by Mutations in the Histone Demethylase KDM5

Summary Mutations in KDM5 family histone demethylases cause intellectual disability in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms linking KDM5-regulated transcription and cognition remain unknown. Here, we establish Drosophila as a model to understand this connection by generating a fly strain harboring an allele analogous to a disease-causing missense mutation in human KDM5C ( kdm5 A512P ). Transcriptome analysis of kdm5 A512P flies revealed a striking downregulation of genes required for ribosomal assembly and function and a concomitant reduction in translation. kdm5 A512P flies also showed impaired learning and/or memory. Significantly, the behavioral and transcriptional changes in kdm5 A512P flies were similar to those specifically lacking demethylase activity. These data suggest that the primary defect of the KDM5 A512P mutation is a loss of histone demethylase activity and reveal an unexpected role for this enzymatic function in gene activation. Because translation is critical for neuronal function, we propose that this defect contributes to the cognitive defects of kdm5 A512P flies.
Patients prioritize local recurrence risk over other attributes for surgical treatment of facial melanomas—Results of a stated preference survey and choice-based conjoint analysis

Background Surgical treatment options for facial melanomas include conventional excision with postoperative margin assessment, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with immunostains (MMS-I), and slow MMS. Patient preferences for these surgical options have not been studied. Objectives To evaluate patient preferences for surgical treatment of facial melanoma and to determine how patients value the relative importance of different surgical attributes. Methods Participants completed a 2-part study consisting of a stated preference survey and a choice-based conjoint analysis experiment. Results Patients overwhelmingly (94.3%) rated local recurrence risk as very important and ranked it as the most important attribute of surgical treatment for facial melanoma. Via choice-based conjoint analysis, patients ranked the following surgical attributes from highest to lowest in importance: local recurrence rate, out-of-pocket cost, chance of second surgical visit, timing of reconstruction, travel time, and time in office for the procedure. Consistent with their prioritization of low local recurrence rates, more than 73% of respondents selected MMS-I or slow MMS as their preferred treatment option for a facial melanoma. Limitations Data were obtained from a single health system. Conclusion Patients prefer surgical treatment options that minimize risk for local recurrence. Logistics for travel and treatment have less influence on patient preferences. Most survey participants chose MMS-I to maximize local cure and convenience of care.
Appetitive startle modulation in the human laboratory predicts Cannabis craving in the natural environment.

Drug-related cues evoke craving and stimulate motivational systems in the brain. The acoustic startle reflex captures activation of these motivational processes and affords a unique measure of reactivity to drug cues. This study examined the effects of cannabis-related cues on subjective and eye blink startle reactivity in the human laboratory and tested whether these effects predicted youth’s cue-elicited cannabis craving in the natural environment. Participants were 55 frequent cannabis users, ages 16 to 24 years (M = 19.9, SD = 1.9; 55% male; 56% met criteria for cannabis dependence), who were recruited from a clinical trial to reduce cannabis use. Eye blink electromyographic activity was recorded in response to acoustic probes that elicited startle reactivity while participants viewed pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and cannabis picture cues. Following the startle assessment, participants completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol that involved repeated assessments of cue-elicited craving in real time in their real-world environments. Multilevel models included the presence or absence of visible cannabis cues in the natural environment, startle magnitude, and the cross-level interaction of cues by startle to test whether cue-modulated startle reactivity in the laboratory was associated with cue-elicited craving in the natural environment. Analyses showed that cannabis-related stimuli evoked an appetitive startle response pattern in the laboratory, and this effect was associated with increased cue-elicited craving in the natural environment, b = − 0.15, p = .022, 95% CI [− 0.28, − 0.02]. Pleasant stimuli also evoked an appetitive response pattern, but in this case, blunted response was associated with increased cue-elicited craving in the natural environment, b = 0.27, p < .001, 95% CI [0.12, 0.43]. Our findings support cue-modulated startle reactivity as an index of the phenotypic expression of cue-elicited cannabis craving.
Gedanken über „das Dunkle“

Die dunkle Seite des Lebens ist jeden Abend erlebbar, nachdem die Sonne untergegangen ist. „Das Dunkle“ wird uberdies im ubertragenen Sinne in der Literatur und/oder als Synonym fur seelische Erlebenszustande gebraucht. Auch in der Dynamik von bewusst und unbewusst und in Traumen spielt das Dunkle eine grose Rolle. Die Psyche selbst kann gespalten sein in einen hellen und dunklen Bereich, woraus sich auch der „Schatten“ ableiten lasst. Eine besonders wichtige Funktion schreibe ich den grosen Lebens-Wirkkraften zu, wie sie in den klassischen griechischen Dramen dargestellt wurden. Und – nicht nur hier bei diesem Thema: Wenn man etwas wirklich verstehen mochte, empfiehlt es sich, bis zu den jeweiligen Anfangen zuruckzugehen. Wir leben in der grosen Dynamik der Gegensatze. Dies zu wissen und zu beachten kann helfen, im eigenen Leben eine gewisse Leichtigkeit zu erlangen.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as Risk Factors for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This chapter explores possible underlying neurocognitive and neuroanatomical factors related to PTSD and TBI that may contribute to increased susceptibility to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The neurocognitive working model of suicidal behavior is used as a guiding framework (Jollant et al. 2011). Possible mechanisms involving altered modulation of value attribution, impaired regulation of emotional and cognitive responses, and facilitation of acts in an emotional context are explored within PTSD, TBI, and their co-occurrence. Discussion of clinical implications and limitations of this conceptual model, as well as directions for future research are provided.
Deep Learning for Resolution Validation of Three Dimensional Cryo-Electron Microscopy Density Maps

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is becoming the imaging method of choice for determining protein structures. Many atomic structures have been resolved based on an exponentially growing number of published three-dimensional (3D) high resolution cryo-EM density maps. The resolution value claimed for the reconstructed 3D density map has been the topic of scientific debate for many years. The Fourier Shell Correlation (FSC) is the currently accepted cryo-EM resolution measure, but it can be subjective and has its own limitations. The FSC indicates the quality of the experimental maps but no the amount of geometric and volumetric feature details present in the 3D map. In this study, we propose supervised deep learning methods to extract representative 3D features at high, medium and low resolutions from simulated protein density maps and build classification models that objectively validate resolutions of experimental 3D cryo-EM maps. Specifically, we build classification models based on dense artificial neural network (DNN) and 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) architectures. The trained models can classify a given 3D cryo-EM density map into one of three resolution levels: high, medium, low. The DNN model achieved 92.73% accuracy and the 3D CNN model achieved 99.75% accuracy on simulated test maps. Applying the DNN and 3D CNN models to thirty experimental cryo-EM maps achieved an agreement of 60.0% and 56.7%, respectively, with the author published resolution value of the density maps. The results suggest that deep learning can be utilized to potentially improve the resolution validation process of experimental cryo-EM maps.
A computational investigation into the kinetics of NO + CH2CCH and its effect on NO reduction

Abstract A computational investigation into the kinetics of the NO + CH2CCH reaction is presented. The stationary points on the C3H3N1O1 potential energy surface are analyzed using the compound method ANL0, with key regions of the potential energy surface computed using multi-reference methods. The temperature- and pressure-dependent rate constants are computed using the RRKM/Master Equation. The dominant bimolecular products are HCN + CH2CO, CH2CNH + CO, and CH3CN + CO. Additional calculations for the thermal decomposition of an unimolecular intermediate, isoxazole, are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The new rate constants are implemented in a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of C2H4 by O2 + NO. Analysis of a constant temperature, constant pressure batch reaction suggests that NO + CH2CCH could be an important pathway for both NO reduction and CH2CCH oxidation in reburn chemistry.
Dystocia, Malposition, and Malpresentation (Breech, Transverse Lie)

Shoulder dystocia is defined in this chapter, along with its risk factors and management. The difference between frank, complete, and incomplete breech are explored, along with its management.
Evaluation of the matrix elements for the tight-binding formulation of 2D hexagonal materials

Abstract With the advent of the metal–insulator transition (MIT) as a tool for adjusting the properties of lower dimensions materials, with nanoscale dimensions in one or more of the coordinate directions, it is worthwhile to derive analytical formulas for the electronic energy in k-space, for a generic two-dimensional hexagonal lattice as a prelude for their use in nanoscopic transport devices (using the MIT) or other solid state devices. This is done in the tight binding (TB) approximation, since it allows a tractable analytical development, with some refinements possible. This lattice structure is applicable to many 2D materials like graphene, BN, MoS2, and many others. This chapter treats the determination of an arbitrary Hamiltonian and self-matrix elements (Section 4.1 ), obtaining the secular equation of the system using the Hamiltonian (Section 4.2 ), finding the nearest neighbor hopping and overlap integrals (Section 4.3 ), and next nearest neighbor hopping and overlap integrals (Section 4.4 ).
Multiplex qPCR Detection of Nonpathogenic and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus from Oysters Cultured in Massachusetts and Rhode Island: The Reliability of MPN as an Indicator

The leading cause of seafood-borne illness in the United States is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, whereas Vibrio vulnificus has the highest case fatality rate from wound infections of any foodborne pathogen. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses a method of bacterial determination in oyster tissues termed “most probable number” (MPN) to enumerate Vibrio spp. abundance. This study used the development of two multiplex qPCR methods for the enumeration of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in oyster tissue using plasmid controls. Oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were collected from aquaculture farms in Wareham, MA, and Portsmouth, RI, from May to October 2014. Food and Drug Administration MPN and MPN-qPCR methods were compared and showed that FDA methods had higher values for both locations than MPN-qPCR methods. Throughout the summer at both locations, V. parahaemolyticus was most abundant with a majority being trh⁺ strains. Although serotypes were not directly tested for, tdh⁺ and trh⁺ strains were identified, suggesting a low possible occurrence of O4: K12 and no possible occurrence of O3:K6. In some samples, Vibrio alginolyticus was detected, indicating that trh⁺ percentages may be attributed to either V. parahaemolyticus or V. alginolyticus because of the similarity of the trh gene. The results from this study indicate the poor specificity and quantifiability of the FDA MPN method. This work also demonstrated that the use of plasmid controls for routine molecular methods to be used in a laboratory provided a reliable and consistent source of positive controls to compare against unknown samples for the abundance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus.
Exciton Fine Structure in Perovskite Nanocrystals.

The bright emission observed in cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has recently been explained in terms of a bright exciton ground state [Becker et al. Nature 2018, 553, 189−193], a c...
Nonopioid Overdose Death Rates Rose Almost As Fast As Those Involving Opioids, 1999-2016.

The number of Americans dying from drug overdoses has risen rapidly, but the contribution of nonopioid drugs to this growth is not well understood. Using vital statistics data from the universe of ...
Exploring the healing touch of pickup basketball as a self-care method for educators and helping professionals: an ethnographic approach

Pickup basketball involves plenty of moments in which positive physical contact occurs when exchanging celebratory gestures, such as high fives, handshakes, or hugs after a game of victory. This ty...
Prenatal Imaging Features and Postnatal Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Morbidity in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

BACKGROUND To perform a comprehensive assessment of postnatal gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity and determine the prenatal imaging features and postnatal factors associated with its development in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all infants evaluated for CDH at a quaternary fetal center from February 2004 to May 2017. Prenatal imaging features and postnatal variables were analyzed. GI morbidity was the primary outcome. The Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunnett's T3 post hoc analysis and logistic regression, and the χ2 test were performed when appropriate. RESULTS We evaluated 256 infants; 191 (75%) underwent CDH repair and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Of this cohort, 60% had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 13% had gastroparesis, 32% received a gastrostomy tube (G-tube), and 17% needed a fundoplication. Large defect, patch repair, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and prolonged use of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with having GERD, gastroparesis, G-tube placement, and fundoplication (p < 0.05). Fetuses with stomach grades 3 and 4 were most likely to have GERD, a G-tube, and a long-term need for supplemental nutrition than fetuses with stomach grades 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Survivors of CDH with large defects, prolonged use of mechanical ventilation, or that have received ECMO may be at an increased risk for having GERD, gastroparesis, and major GI surgery. Marked stomach displacement on prenatal imaging is significantly associated with GI morbidity in left-sided CDH.
Computational Nanoscopy of Tight Junctions at the Blood-Brain Barrier Interface.

The selectivity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is primarily maintained by tight junctions (TJs), which act as gatekeepers of the paracellular space by blocking blood-borne toxins, drugs, and pathogens from entering the brain. The BBB presents a significant challenge in designing neurotherapeutics, so a comprehensive understanding of the TJ architecture can aid in the design of novel therapeutics. Unraveling the intricacies of TJs with conventional experimental techniques alone is challenging, but recently developed computational tools can provide a valuable molecular-level understanding of TJ architecture. We employed the computational methods toolkit to investigate claudin-5, a highly expressed TJ protein at the BBB interface. Our approach started with the prediction of claudin-5 structure, evaluation of stable dimer conformations and nanoscale assemblies, followed by the impact of lipid environments, and posttranslational modifications on these claudin-5 assemblies. These led to the study of TJ pores and barriers and finally understanding of ion and small molecule transport through the TJs. Some of these in silico, molecular-level findings, will need to be corroborated by future experiments. The resulting understanding can be advantageous towards the eventual goal of drug delivery across the BBB. This review provides key insights gleaned from a series of state-of-the-art nanoscale simulations (or computational nanoscopy studies) performed on the TJ architecture.
Experiments and CFD of a high-speed deep-V planing hull––Part I: Calm water

Abstract Comparisons of experimental and simulation results for a high-speed deep-V planing hull are presented. The goal of this investigation is to improve the physical understanding of, as well as assess the experimental and CFD capability for, deep-V planing hulls operating in calm water and slamming when running in head waves (both regular and irregular). This paper consists of two parts, which deal with the calm water and slamming in waves, respectively. In Part I, simulations for trim, sinkage, and resistance in calm water are compared with experiments on a deep-V planing hull at the U.S. Naval Academy and at Naval Surface Warfare Center – Carderock. Two model scales of the same geometry were tested in calm water at a range of speeds. Comparisons between the scale models, between the same model tested at both facilities, and comparisons between simulation and experiment are discussed. The results showed the importance of precise geometric (particularly for the transom) and hydrostatic information for simulation predictions. The comparisons also showed the need for greater resolution of the spray root to achieve the best predictions involving trim (and wetted lengths). Overall, there was general agreement between the facilities, even for the calm water trim. The CFDShip-Iowa and STAR-CCM+ calm water validation effort was conducted with the larger model results from NSWCCD. Validation was not achieved for resistance; however, Fn average error was less than 4%DR. In sinkage, both codes were validated at the highest three speeds, but not at the lowest speeds (Fn average error was less than 3%DR). For trim and wetted keel, validation was not achieved, although the validation uncertainty values were small (Fn average error was less than 4%DR). Both codes under-predicted the calm water trim and the wetted keel length was under-predicted for all but the lowest speed (Fn average error less than 1). The overall results provide an assessment of the state of the art for both experiments and CFD for high-speed deep-V planing hull resistance, sinkage, and trim. The experimental and simulation results for hull slamming in waves (both regular and irregular) are presented in Part II of this paper.
Partial Correlation Coefficient for a Study With Repeated Measurements

Repeated data are increasingly collected in studies to investigate the trajectory of change in measurements over time. Determining a link between one repeated measurement with another that is consi...
Exploring the relationship between solvent-assisted ball milling, particle size, and sintering temperature in garnet-type solid electrolytes

Abstract Garnet-type solid electrolytes, such as Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), are promising materials for solid-state batteries, but processing remains a challenge, in part due to the high sintering temperature required for densification. This temperature can be lowered by decreasing the initial particle size via solvent-assisted ball milling, but the relationship between solvent choice, particle properties, sintering behavior, and ionic conductivity is not well understood. In this work, we systematically explore these parameters, showing that milling in commonly used protic solvents, such as alcohols, effectively decreases the particle size but results in lithium loss (through Li+/H+ exchange) that leads to poor sintering. By contrast, milling in aprotic solvents with surfactant reduces the particle size to ~220 nm without lithium loss, enabling the fabrication of dense samples (5.1 g/cm3) with good ionic conductivity (0.43 mS/cm at 25 °C) at a lower sintering temperature (1000 °C). We compare ionic conductivities and activation energies for samples prepared with different particle sizes and sintering temperatures and use multiphase-field simulations to identify the mass transport and microstructural mechanisms responsible for the observed sintering dependence on particle size. These results further clarify the relationship between processing parameters and performance and represent important progress toward overcoming fabrication challenges for these materials.
Laddering in Initial Public Offerings

Laddering is a practice whereby the allocating underwriter requires the ladderer to buy additional shares of the issuer in the aftermarket as a condition for receiving shares at the offer price. This paper identifies factors that create incentives to engage in this type of manipulation, models the effect of laddering on IPO pricing and the aftermarket price of IPO shares, and finds empirical support for our predictions. Our model has several empirical implications. First, laddering could be more aggressive in IPOs with greater expected underpricing, without laddering, and greater expected information momentum in the aftermarket. Second, profit-sharing between underwriters and their investor clients encourages laddering. Third, laddering increases the IPO offer price. Fourth, laddering may not aggravate the first-day return, depending on the relative magnitude by which the offer price and the first-day close price are boosted by laddering. Fifth, laddering contributes to long-run underperformance and negative correlation between short-run and long-run returns. Our empirical tests are based on the IPO sample during 1998-2000, the period when laddering litigation related IPOs were issued. We have two main empirical findings, consistent with our predictions. First, laddering does not explain the high level of either the initial return (i.e., (close-offer)/offer) or the first-day opening return (i.e., (open-offer)/offer), after controlling for the endogeneity issue between the first-day return and laddering, market condition (prior market return), underwriter characteristics (reputation and all-star analyst), issuer characteristics (technology firm, VC backed, assets, and age), and offer characteristics (pure primary offer and offer price revision). Second, a greater first-day return leads to a greater probability of laddering, after controlling for the above factors. The results shed light on the relations between laddering and IPO underpricing.
Synbiotic Supplementation Improves Response to Iron Supplementation in Female Athletes during Training

Iron deficiency (ID) affects ∼30% of female athletes, and its consequences are highly relevant to athletic performance. Poor iron (Fe) uptake remains a major factor in the development of ID. While ...
Transverse sinus dural arteriovenous fistula: a reversible cause of severe pulmonary hypertension in an extremely premature infant

A male infant was born at 22 5/7 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 520 g. He developed rapidly progressing pulmonary hypertension (PH) felt to be secondary to chronic lung disease of extreme prematurity. By 2 months of age, echocardiogram revealed moderate-severely depressed right ventricular
Sonographic Inferior Vena Cava Assessment to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Patients with Sepsis

Rationale: Sonographic assessment of Inferior Vena Cava diameter has been shown to have a role in predicting fluid responsiveness in critically-ill patients. This diagnostic accuracy of this method, however, has yet been assessed among septic patients. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess …
Cross-validation of RAVLT performance validity indicators and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function in a large known groups sample.

Objective To cross-validate RAVLT performance validity cut-offs and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function in a large neuropsychological sample. Method RAVLT scores and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function were compared in credible (n = 100) and noncredible (n = 353) neuropsychology referrals. Results Noncredible patients scored lower than credible patients on RAVLT scores and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function. With cut-offs set to ≥90% specificity, highest sensitivities were observed for the discriminant function (cut-off ≤.064; 55.8%), recognition total (cut-off ≤9; 53.1%), the recognition combination score (≤10; 47.7%), and total learning across trials (cut-off ≤31; 45.3%). Individuals with histories of learning difficulties were over-represented in the 10% of credible patients exceeding cut-offs. When these individuals were removed, cut-offs could be tightened while still maintaining at least 90% specificity, and thereby increasing sensitivity (e.g., recognition total cut-off ≤10, 65% sensitivity; RAVLT/RO discriminant function cut-off ≤.176, 58% sensitivity). When three of the most sensitive, non-overlapping scores were considered in combination, 17% of credible patients failed ≥1 of the three cut-offs, while 3% failed two, and only 1% failed all three. In contrast, in the noncredible sample, more than two-thirds failed one or more of the three cut-offs, nearly half failed ≥2, and nearly a quarter failed all three. Conclusions RAVLT PVT cut-offs and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function achieve approximately 50% sensitivity, and approach 65% sensitivity when cut-offs specific to samples without histories of learning problems are employed, confirming that RAVLT cut-offs and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function continue to be valuable techniques in the identification of performance invalidity.
Gustavus Hinrichs and His Charts of the Elements

In this paper, I analyze the efforts of the German-American chemist Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs (1836–1923) to construct a periodic system between 1867 and 1869. Included is a transcription and translation into English of major sections of his Programme der Atomechanik (1867), and a discussion of Hinrichs’s “pantatom” theory of matter. My principal conclusions are: (1) Hinrichs’s chart of 1867 is actually a double spiral that begins in a clockwise fashion but then reverses direction and continues in a counterclockwise direction, (2) the nitrogen and oxygen groups are swapped because Hinrichs felt that that order resulted in more consistent trends in the stoichiometries of the highest oxides, (3) in his chart the trigonoids and tetragonoids each subtend one-third of a circle, and the spokes are arranged so that the maximal valences of the elements increase from right to left, (4) Hinrichs devised an ingenious theory to account for isomorphism, (5) the transition elements in Hinrichs’s 1869 table are listed in reverse order for the same reason that the spiral in his 1867 chart reverses direction, (6) the transition elements in the 1869 system are arranged in a slanted fashion to reflect their relative atomic weights, whereas other elements are not arranged in this way, possibly owing to a printer’s omission, (7) Hinrichs was the first to point out that one advantage of the “long” form periodic tables is that the metals and non-metals can be separated by a single line, and (8) simultaneously with Meyer and Mendeleev, Hinrichs also pointed out the periodic relationship of atomic volume to atomic weight, but only in his oral presentation to the AAAS meeting of August 1869.
Fast Lane for Confinement

Within the Electric Schroedinger Representation of the Yang-Mills theory the Hamiltonian eigenstate and eigenvalue, as well as the Coulomb and confining potentials are presented for a special regularization-approximation scheme, which focuses on the ultra-local behavior of the propagator.
How is Your Professional Conduct

(1939). How is Your Professional Conduct? The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 279-318.
Potentiating dendritic cells to target hypoxic environment of brain tumor (TUM4P.911)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant type of brain tumor with a mean survival time of one year. The most difficult problem to treat tumors is their hypoxic microenvironment that changes the phenotypic characteristic of immune cells. In hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α, a transcription factor, accumulates and stimulates various genes that promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. We studied tumor-mediated adaptations to hypoxia in glioblastoma cells and showed an upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF expression in a 2- and 3- dimensional culture model. We then confirmed that hypoxic environment increases HIF-1α expression in dendritic cells (DCs), but downregulates the expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and HLA-ABC and affects their antigen processing and presentation capability. First, we reversed the effect of cancer-driven hypoxia on DC functionality in vitro. Then by injecting DCs containing antisense HIF-1α plasmid into mice with GBM, in vivo imaging revealed fluorescently labeled DCs migrating away from the site of injection into the spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes by 54h p.i., indicating chemoattraction of DCs to areas of ongoing inflammation. Finally, these DCs were loaded with glioblastoma tumor antigens via a glycotargeting approach which lead to potentiation of DC functionality and antigen presentation under hypoxic conditions. This translational approach has applicability in eradicating tumors by DC-based vaccination or being adjunct to existing radio- and chemotherapy.
The Critical Periodic Orbits in the Störmer Problem

We study some of the periodic orbits, among the families f0, f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 that were previously found by Goudas and Markellos. We concentrate on the periodic orbits which have a special value (= +2, -2, -1 or 0) of the stability index, because, for these orbits, the period of the periodic solutions of the variational equations is an integer multiple (1, 2, 3 or 4) of the original period. We classify several such solutions according to the Henon type or the Contopoulos Resonant type. We also computed several bifurcations or trifurcations of new families out of these critical orbits, in order to illustrate the extreme complexity of the phase space, even in the quasi-periodic regions.
Repeated prescribed fires alter gap-phase regeneration in mixed-oak forests

Oak dominance is declining in the central hardwoods region, as canopy oaks are being replaced by shade-tolerant trees that are abundant in the understory of mature stands. Although prescribed fire ...
Dynamic Molecular Imaging

Intense laser pulses allow new approaches to imaging the dynamics of molecules. Using laser Coulomb explosion as a probe, atomic positions can be measured with sub-Angstrom accuracy. The re-collision electron can also be used to probe of molecular structure. With re-collision we can excite (or diffract from) a molecule, even taking a holographic or tomographic image. All approaches are consistent with attosecond time-resolved measurements.
Bridged Ferrocenes: III. The crystal and molecular structure of 1,1′,2,2′,3,4,4′,5′-tetrakis(trimethylene)ferrocene

Abstract The structure of 1,1′,2,2′,3,4,4′,5′-tetrakis(trimethylene)ferrocene has been determined by X-ray diffraction. This compound forms prismatic crystals of monoclinic space group P22/c and four molecules in the unit cell with a 8.649(4), b 21.623(2), c 9.120(1)Aand β 107.21(3)°. The structure was solved from three dimensional Patterson and Fourier synthesis, and was refined by least squares. The two cyclopentadienyl rings are eclipsed and the dihedral angle between the rings is 11.1°. The iron-carbon distances ranged from 1.997(2) to 2.047(2)A.
Adaptive Evolution of Thermotoga maritima Reveals Plasticity of the ABC Transporter Network

ABSTRACT Thermotoga maritima is a hyperthermophilic anaerobe that utilizes a vast network of ABC transporters to efficiently metabolize a variety of carbon sources to produce hydrogen. For unknown reasons, this organism does not metabolize glucose as readily as it does glucose di- and polysaccharides. The leading hypothesis implicates the thermolability of glucose at the physiological temperatures at which T. maritima lives. After a 25-day laboratory evolution, phenotypes were observed with growth rates up to 1.4 times higher than and glucose utilization rates exceeding 50% those of the wild type. Genome resequencing revealed mutations in evolved cultures related to glucose-responsive ABC transporters. The native glucose ABC transporter, GluEFK, has more abundant transcripts either as a result of gene duplication-amplification or through mutations to the operator sequence regulating this operon. Conversely, BglEFGKL, a transporter of beta-glucosides, is substantially downregulated due to a nonsense mutation to the solute binding protein or due to a deletion of the upstream promoter. Analysis of the ABC2 uptake porter families for carbohydrate and peptide transport revealed that the solute binding protein, often among the transcripts detected at the highest levels, is predominantly downregulated in the evolved cultures, while the membrane-spanning domain and nucleotide binding components are less varied. Similar trends were observed in evolved strains grown on glycerol, a substrate that is not dependent on ABC transporters. Therefore, improved growth on glucose is achieved through mutations favoring GluEFK expression over BglEFGKL, and in lieu of carbon catabolite repression, the ABC transporter network is modulated to achieve improved growth fitness.
Living-Donor Liver Transplant

Liver transplantation has become mainstream surgical therapy for patient with end-stage liver disease with an operative mortality of less then 5% and 1- and 5-year survival rates 85% and 65%, respectively. 1-5 The disproportionate increase in patients awaiting liver transplant compared to the number of available organs 6,7 has led to the development of new techniques, including “living donor liver transplants” (LDLT), “split liver transplants,” and more recently, the reintroduction of “non-beating-heart liver donors.” 8 In the United States, the total number of liver transplants performed as of today is 58,507, of which 2,065 are from live donors and 56,442 are from cadavers, 9 which is a ratio of 1:27 live-donor to cadaveric liver transplants. The first successful living-donor liver transplantation was performed in 1989, with transplantation of a left hepatic lobe. Because of cultural beliefs discouraging cadaveric transplants in Asia, extensive development in the field of living-donor liver transplant was performed in the early 1990s; almost all liver transplantations performed in Asia involved living donors, whereas in the United States relatively few living-donor liver transplantations were performed until recently. It was mainly performed on children and used a left hepatic lobe (or one or more of its segments) from a parental donor. In the United States, adult lefthepatic-lobe transplantation was attempted in the 1990s, but without much success. The smaller left hepatic lobe provides insufficient hepatic mass for most adult Americans, who are physically larger than most Asians and consequently, the outcome of adult-to-adult left-hepatic-lobe transplantation in the United States was poor, and the procedure was seldom performed. 10 The first successful adult right LDLT was reported by Fan et al in 1997; 11 since then, right LDLT is the preferred adult LDLT.