cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impacts of casinos on key pathways to health: qualitative findings from American Indian gaming communities in California

Three decades ago, casino gaming on sovereign American Indian lands was legalized with differential economic and social implications. While casinos have improved the incomes of tribal communities, there have been both positive and negative findings in relation to health impacts. We sought to understand the perceived pathways by which casinos impact individual and community health through voices of the community. We conducted semi-structured, interviews with tribal leaders (n =12) and tribal members (n =24) from tribal communities (n = 23) representing different regions of California. We inductively analyzed textual data drawing from Grounded Theory, first using line-by-line coding to identify analytic categories from emergent themes in consideration of the study objective. Then, focused codes were applied to identify salient themes, which we represented through exemplar quotes and an overall conceptual framework. Data were managed and coded using Dedoose software. American Indian-owned casinos are perceived to influence the health of tribal communities through three pathways: 1) improving the tribal economy 2) altering the built environment, and 3) disrupting the the social landscape. Forming these pathways are a series of interrelated health determinants. Improvement of the tribal economy, through both job creation for tribal members and improved tribal cash flow, was perceived by participants to both influence health. Specifically, improved cash flow has resulted in new wellness programs, community centers, places for recreation, and improved social services. Higher disposable incomes have led to better financial stability, increased access to healthy food, and more opportunities for physical activity. Yet, higher disposable incomes were perceived to also contribute to negative health behaviors, most notably increased drug and alcohol abuse. Casinos were also perceived to alter built environments, resulting in increased availability and access to unhealthy food. And to a lesser extent, they were perceived to disrupt the social landscape of communities with impacts on tribal community value systems. Casino environments improve economic conditions of tribal communities, but present important social and public health challenges. Policy makers at federal, state, and tribal levels should consider the perceptions of tribal members and leaders when determining policies in light of casino development.
Residual stress mapping in Inconel 625 fabricated through additive manufacturing: Method for neutron diffraction measurements to validate thermomechanical model predictions

Abstract The rapid solidification and subsequent thermal cycles that material is subjected to during additive manufacturing (AM) of a component result in a buildup of residual stresses, which lead to part distortion, and negatively impact the component's mechanical properties. We present a method for using neutron diffraction to validate thermomechanical models developed to predict the residual stresses in Inconel 625 walls fabricated by laser-based directed energy deposition. Residual stress calculations from neutron diffraction measurements depend strongly on the determination of stress-free lattice spacings. After measurement of stressed lattice spacings in Inconel 625 walls, reference samples were obtained by extracting thin slices from the walls and cutting comb-type slits into these slices. Reference lattice spacings were measured in these slices, as well as equivalent slices that were also subjected to stress-relieving heat treatment. These heat treatments changed the reference lattice spacings, and therefore affected residual strain measurements. Further, this study shows the importance of using location-dependent reference lattice spacing, as during AM, the thermal history, and therefore elemental composition and stress-free lattice spacing, vary with position. Residual stresses measured by neutron diffraction along the build direction using comb-type reference samples without heat treatment were in good agreement with thermomechanical modeling predictions.
Self-Association Contributes to E2a-Pbx1-Mediated Oncogenesis.

Pbx1 is a proto-oncogene that was originally discovered at the site of t(1;19) chromosomal translocations in pediatric acute B cell precursor leukemia. It codes for a TALE (three amino acid loop extension) class homeodomain transcription factor, which is a component of hetero-oligomeric protein complexes that regulate developmental gene expression. As a result of chromosomal translocations, Pbx1 is oncogenically activated by in-frame fusions with the E2a bHLH protein, which confers strong transcriptional activator properties and constitutive nuclear localization, bypassing the need for dimerization with Meinox homeodomain proteins to stabilize and import Pbx1 into the nucleus. E2a-Pbx1 oncoproteins retain an ability to bind DNA as a complex with Hox transcription factors, and co-expressed HoxA9 accelerates leukemogenesis. Using a biochemical approach, we have recently observed that E2a-Pbx1 self-associates through the Pbx moiety of the chimeric protein to form higher-order oligomers. Structure/function studies suggest that self-association is required for oncogenic activity since mutant E2a-Pbx1 proteins unable to self-associate are transformation defective in an in vitro myeloid progenitor serial replating assay. Interestingly, their oncogenic activity in this assay is rescued using synthetic oligomerization domains of FKBP. The drug AP21998, which disrupts FKBP-mediated oligomerization, blocks the proliferation of transformed myeloid progenitors and facilitates their terminal myeloid differentiation. In addition to self-association, the DNA binding homeodomain of Pbx1 is also required for transformation, but mutagenesis studies indicate that Pbx1 domains involved in cooperative DNA binding with Hox partners are dispensable. These studies suggest an alternative mechanism for leukemogenesis in which E2a-Pbx1 deregulates subordinate gene expression as an oligomeric complex that circumvents interactions with heterologous homeodomain proteins that otherwise modulate Pbx1 nuclear localization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity.
A Gold Standard for Scalar Adjectives

We present a gold standard for evaluating scale membership and the order of scalar adjectives. In addition to evaluating existing methods of ordering adjectives, this knowledge will aid in studying the organization of adjectives in the lexicon. This resource is the result of two elicitation tasks conducted with informants from Amazon Mechanical Turk. The first task is notable for gathering open-ended lexical data from informants. The data is analyzed using Cultural Consensus Theory, a framework from anthropology, to not only determine scale membership but also the level of consensus among the informants (Romney et al., 1986). The second task gathers a culturally salient ordering of the words determined to be members. We use this method to produce 12 scales of adjectives for use in evaluation.
An Overview of Insider Trading Law and Policy: An Introduction to the Insider Trading Research Handbook

This essay will serve as the introduction to a collection of 23 newly commissioned articles on numerous aspects of insider trading law. The contributors cover a wide variety of topics, ranging from analyses of current issues in USA insider trading law, empirical analyses of insider trading both in the USA and around the globe, and global perspectives from China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, Europe, and the UK. Insider trading jurisprudence is strongly skewed towards US law. This emphasis is not mere academic parochialism or chauvinism, however. The USA remains the world’s largest capital market. More important for present purposes, the USA was one of the first jurisdictions to ban insider trading and remains the jurisdiction in which the ban is most energetically enforced. To be sure, insider-trading bans are now on the books in many jurisdictions and there is growing global emphasis on fighting the practice. A number of the papers in this volume focus on these developments. Much of the volume nevertheless is appropriately devoted to US law. The long history and highly developed body of US law on the subject suggest that studying the legal doctrine and policy underpinnings of the U.S. prohibition of insider trading will reward study not only for US corporate and securities law scholars, but those of all countries. Accordingly, this introduction provides a foundation for the papers that follow by setting out the basic US legal rules and the policy debate those rules have engendered.
RNA-Seq analysis on chicken taste sensory organs: An ideal system to study organogenesis

RNA-Seq is a powerful tool in transcriptomic profiling of cells and tissues. We recently identified many more taste buds than previously appreciated in chickens using molecular markers to stain oral epithelial sheets of the palate, base of oral cavity, and posterior tongue. In this study, RNA-Seq was performed to understand the transcriptomic architecture of chicken gustatory tissues. Interestingly, taste sensation related genes and many more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between the epithelium and mesenchyme in the base of oral cavity as compared to the palate and posterior tongue. Further RNA-Seq using specifically defined tissues of the base of oral cavity demonstrated that DEGs between gustatory (GE) and non-gustatory epithelium (NGE), and between GE and the underlying mesenchyme (GM) were enriched in multiple GO terms and KEGG pathways, including many biological processes. Well-known genes for taste sensation were highly expressed in the GE. Moreover, genes of signaling components important in organogenesis (Wnt, TGFβ/ BMP, FGF, Notch, SHH, Erbb) were differentially expressed between GE and GM. Combined with other features of chicken taste buds, e.g., uniquely patterned array and short turnover cycle, our data suggest that chicken gustatory tissue provides an ideal system for multidisciplinary studies, including organogenesis and regenerative medicine.
Patterns of Collaboration among Health Care and Social Services Providers in Communities with Lower Health Care Utilization and Costs

Objective To understand how health care providers and social services providers coordinate their work in communities that achieve relatively low health care utilization and costs for older adults. Study Setting Sixteen Hospital Service Areas (HSAs) in the United States. Study Design We conducted a qualitative study of HSAs with performance in the top or bottom quartiles nationally across three key outcomes: ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations, all-cause risk-standardized readmission rates, and average reimbursements per Medicare beneficiary. We selected 10 higher performing HSAs and six lower performing HSAs for inclusion in the study. Data Collection To understand patterns of collaboration in each community, we conducted site visits and in-depth interviews with a total of 245 representatives of health care organizations, social service agencies, and local government bodies. Principal Findings Organizations in higher performing communities regularly worked together to identify challenges faced by older adults in their areas and responded through collective action—in some cases, through relatively unstructured coalitions, and in other cases, through more hierarchical configurations. Further, hospitals in higher performing communities routinely matched patients with needed social services. Conclusions The collaborative approaches used by higher performing communities, if spread, may be able to improve outcomes elsewhere.
Whole community transcriptome of a sequencing batch reactor transforming 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)

Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were run to bio-mineralize 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in lab scale settings. The reactors were shown to reproducibly biotransform these munitions under aerobic and anaerobic conditions during the operations of these SBRs. Complete removal (100% biotransformation) of DNAN (initially 17.7 ± 5.4 mg L-1) and NTO (initially 15.0 ± 7.1 mg L-1) was observed in an anaerobic SBR when Luria-Bertani (LB) broth was present. In contrast, an aerobic SBR degraded only 58 ± 22% of DNAN (initially 19.7 ± 6.2 mg L-1) and 45 ± 24% of NTO (initially 9.7 ± 6.3 mg L-1) when either LB or glucose was also added indicating that anaerobic conditions are more favorable for biotransformation of these munitions. Transcriptomic analysis of the DNAN and NTO degrading anaerobic SBR revealed upregulation of a putative nitroreductase, hydroxylaminophenol mutases, 4-hydroxylphenyl acetate associated genes, and quinone oxioreductases. Major Bacterial populations included Bacteroidales, Campylobacterales, Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales and Clostridiales. Results from this study can be used to inform investigation of munition degrading organisms and the functional genes responsible.
Passive/active microwave soil moisture disaggregation using SMAP data

Soil moisture at high spatial resolution is required for various land processes related studies. However, currently the resolution of passive microwave retrieved soil moisture is low. To solve this problem, a soil moisture disaggregation algorithm based on thermal inertia relationship between daily temperature change and average soil moisture modulated by vegetation conditions has been formulated. This algorithm was applied to the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active/Passive) to produce the 1 km downscaled soil moisture over the SMAPVEX15 (SMAP Validation Experiment 2015). The disaggregated soil moisture has been compared to in situ observations and the results of this approach are very encouraging.
Optical coherent elastography method for stiffness assessment of heart muscle tissues (Conference Presentation)

Many complex diseases such as diastolic dysfunction and some types of cardiomyopathy are often characterized by an increased stiffness of heart muscles which can potentially cause heart failure. While changes of heart muscle’s geometry could be detected by various imaging methods, non-invasive measurements of stiffness of the heart muscle are desired to assess such areas of the heart tissues without invasive surgery. A novel minimally-invasive method of stiffness assessment of heart muscle – optical coherent elastography (OCE) – is based on a combination of applied acoustic radiation force for mechanical excitation of tissue with subsequent phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (psOCT) measurements of spatio-temporal response of tissue. A minimally invasive probe comprising a small, 2x2 mm size, low-frequency (<5MHz) ultrasound transducer and a clinically approved psOCT imaging fiber was incorporated into a single housing such that psOCT beam and acoustic excitation beam were parallel. Acoustic radiation pressure pulse was applied to initiate tissue displacement and propagation of shear waves that were detected by psOCT. Given the known offset between ultrasound and psOCT beams, the speed of shear waves was measured and shear elastic modulus of the heart tissues can be reconstructed. The initial results demonstrate that our OCE probe can produce and measure the displacements on the order of several ten nanometers in heart tissue-mimicking phantoms. The results indicate that translate-rotate scanning of OCE probe can simultaneously image the tissue and map its shear elastic modulus.
The reestablishment of microbial communities after surface cleaning in schools.

Aims The goal of this study was to quantify the indoor microbiome dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities on school desk surfaces during a cleaning intervention. Methods and results Quantitative PCR and DNA sequenced-based approaches were employed to describe microbial community dynamics on ten desk surfaces, spread across three schools, located in the Northeast region of the United States. Six samples were taken from each desk, one precleaning, and five postcleaning at 30 min, 1, 3, 7 and 21 days. Cleaning of the desks physically removed c. 50% of bacteria, fungi, and human cells and a full recovery of the surface microbial concentrations occurred within 2-5 days. This recovery period is much shorter than the schools' once per semester cleaning schedule. The dominant source of bacteria and fungi on desks at all time points came from the human microbiome (skin, oral cavity, and gut). More than 50% fungi on desks were members of genera that contain known allergens. Conclusions Microbial communities on these school desks are primarily generated and maintained from the deposition of human-associated bacteria and fungi. Current school surface cleaning protocols and cycles may be ineffective at reducing student exposure to fungal allergens and microbes of human origin. Significance and impact of study Multiple students often share desks in schools. Results on the removal and reestablishment of microbial communities on these surfaces are critical for setting cleaning schedules and practices that effectively interrupt exposure to surface-associated pathogens and allergens.
How Melanoma Cells Evade Chemotherapy

Melanomas are intrinsically resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is not a very effective way to treat metastatic melanomas. For this reason, therapy of metastatic melanoma has focused on biological approaches, with some significant recent success in immunotherapy. Still, more effective use of chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma would be a vast improvement in treatment of this disease. The design of chemotherapy to treat melanoma has been a challenging task, because the precise mechanisms of drug resistance in melanoma cells are largely unknown. Moreover, in addition to intrinsic resistance of melanoma to chemotherapy, acquired resistance could be achieved by induction or selection of heterogeneous melanoma cells with a selective growth advantage. The most common cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancers is the expression of one or more energy-dependent multidrug transporters that efflux anticancer drugs out of cells. Melanoma cells express a cluster of such transporters, which include adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC)-A9, ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein), ABCB5, ABCC1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein-1), and ABCC2 (MRP2/canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter). These transporters may be associated with resistance to a broad range of anticancer drugs in melanomas. In addition, other mechanisms of resistance are also important, including overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis, altered expression of either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and drug-detoxifying properties of melanosomes. Defining and circumventing these resistance mechanisms would be a major step toward the ultimate goal of improved treatment of melanomas.
Neonates Support “Homeostatic” Proliferation

The number of lymphocytes in the periphery is maintained at a constant level throughout life. Positive or negative disturbances of such balance by either antigenic challenge or lymphoablative therapies lead to activation of homeostatic regulatory processes including massive activation-induced cell death and homeostatic proliferation of peripheral T cells, respectively (Marrack et al., 2000). Experimentally, it has been well demonstrated that lymphopenic environments generated by irradiation or genetic manipulation drives the proliferation of transferred na ve T cells, which rarely divide in their normal environment (Goldrath and Bevan, 1999). It has been argued that this process is fundamentally different from antigen-driven proliferation, implying that different mechanisms are involved (Clarke and Rudensky, 2000). Both the physiologic significance and mechanisms of homeostatic proliferation are poorly understood.
The subfornical organ.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the subfornical organ (SFO). SFO is a small, almost hemispherical or ovoid tubercle that protrudes into the lumen of the third ventricle at the level of the interventricular foramina. This topographic relationship is consistent in all vertebrates, regardless of whether the fornix is present or absent, as in lower vertebrates, and it is thus more appropriate to refer to the organ as the “interventricular organ.” The SFO derives from the ependymal wall of the telencephalon, from the dorsal portion of the commissural plate at the point of origin of the telencephalic-choroid plexus. The structure of the fetal SFO approaches that of the adult SFO. The morphological components of the SFO are neuronal perikarya and their dendrites and axons, dendrites and axons of unknown origin and destination, macroglial cells and microglial cells, ependymal cells and tanycytes, supraependymal neurons, glial cells, macrophages, and a rich vascular supply.
Tracking location privacy leakage of mobile ad networks at scale

The online advertising ecosystem is built upon the massive data collection of ad networks to learn the properties of users for targeted ad deliveries. Existing efforts have investigated the privacy leakage behaviors of mobile ad networks. However, there lacks a large-scale measurement study to evaluate the scale of privacy leakage through mobile ads. In this work, we present a study of the potential privacy leakage in location-based mobile advertising services based on a large-scale measurement. We first introduce a threat model in the mobile ad ecosystem, and then design a measurement system to perform extensive threat measurements and assessments. To counteract the privacy leakage threats, we design and implement an adaptive location obfuscation mechanism, which can be used to obfuscate location data in real-time while minimizing the impact to mobile ad businesses.
Periodicity and Seasonality of Airborne Algae and Protozoa

Only a few studies in the history of science have been concerned with airborne algae and protozoa. Those pioneers studying protozoa from the atmosphere were Spallanzani (1777), Miquel (1883), and Puschkarew (1913). Those initiating studies of airborne algae were Ehrenberg (1844), Salisbury (1866), van Overeem (1937), and Pettersson (1940). More recently, Brown et al. (1964, 1971) conducted long-term studies on airborne algae in Texas and Hawaii, while long-term studies on both airborne algae and protozoa were conducted by Schlichting in Michigan, Texas, and North Carolina (1961, 1964, 1969) and by Smith in North Carolina (1973). Short-term studies of algae in the atmosphere have been con ducted by Gregory et al. in Great Britain (1955), Hamilton in Great Britain (1959), Stevenson and Collier in Texas (1962), Chang in Taiwan (1967), Luty and Hoshaw in Arizona (1967), and Maynard in Florida (1968a). Mahoney (1968) studied both airborne algae and protozoa in Texas. Additional studies of airborne algae are in progress in Brazil, Florida, and Ohio.
Taking on Enron and Its Bankers

This chapter examines a Levin-led investigation into Enron whose bankruptcy injured employees, business partners, and the U.S. economy. It details three PSI hearings on the Enron scandal, the first showing how the Enron Board of Directors allowed the company to engage in high-risk accounting, conflicts of interest, and excessive executive pay; the second exposing the role of financial institutions like Citibank, JPMorgan Chase, and Merrill Lynch in Enron’s deceptive financial reporting; and the third tracing Enron’s use of an abusive tax shelter called Slapshot. The chapter shows how the Enron hearings helped lead to the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as well as a jail sentence for a corporate executive who lied to PSI investigators.
Long-term decision regret surrounding systemic therapy in older breast cancer survivors: A population-based survey study.

Abstract Introduction Little is known regarding regret experienced by older breast cancer survivors surrounding the choice for adjuvant systemic therapy, which limits providers’ ability to optimally engage in the shared decision-making process. To address this, we evaluated endocrine therapy and chemotherapy decisional regret in a population-based cohort of older breast cancer survivors. Materials and Methods Nationally comprehensive Medicare claims identified women age ≥67 living in the US with non-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed in 2009 and still alive in 2015. The Decision Regret Scale, a validated index that assesses regret regarding treatment decisions on a scale of 0 (no regret) to 100, was used to measure regret for endocrine therapy and chemotherapy approximately 6 years after diagnosis and was adjusted for sampling weight. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for patient, demographic, and treatment characteristics identified predictors of endocrine therapy and chemotherapy decision regret. Results Of the 480 respondents, 299 patients (61.1%) reported receiving endocrine therapy and 133 (27%) chemotherapy. The overall weighted decision-regret score was 17.2 (95%CI 13.6–20.8) for endocrine therapy and 17.7 (95%CI 12.1–23.3) for chemotherapy. Risk factors for higher endocrine therapy regret included white race (referent non-white race; estimate 12.8, 95%CI 3.0–22.7; P = 0.01) and post-graduate educational attainment (referent college education; 11.6, 95%CI 1.9–21.3; P = 0.02). The only risk factor for chemotherapy regret, albeit marginal, was age ≥75 (referent age 67–74; 12.0, 95%CI −0.1–24.2; P = 0.05) Conclusion Overall, decision regret levels regarding systemic therapy in older breast cancer survivors are reassuringly low. However, further studies are needed to explore drivers of regret in certain vulnerable subgroups of patients.
Ulcerative Colitis with Severe Inflammation and Friable Tissues: How to Avoid Intraoperative Perforation and Manage the Colorectal Stump

Rectal stump dehiscence is common in patients with severe ulcerative colitis undergoing total colectomy. Securing the rectal stump in the subcutaneous tissue or placement of a rectal tube can reduce the complications related to rectal stump dehiscence.
Well-posedness and approximations of linear volterra integrodifferential equations in banach spaces

Let X be a Banaeh space with norm II If, A: D(A) ÷ X a closed linear map with dense domain which generates a C O semi-group on X and let R+ be the interval [0, ~). Let B(t) be a linear map defined at least on the domain of A with B(t)x a bounded uniformly continuous X valued function for each x E D(A). Also, we assume B(-)x(s) is continuous in BU when x(s) and Ax(s) are continuous. Let BU denote {f E C(R +, X): f is bounded and uniformly continuous} and make BUa Banach space by endowing it with the norm IIfIl = sup{IIf(t)ii: t ~ 0}. The space Z = X × BU will be considered with norm given by II(x, f)ll 2 = iIxlI 2 + llfIl 2. On z we will be particularly interested in the operators 01 E = , D s-~l
Kroppslig læring og dans: en teoretisk-filosofisk bakgrunn

Dette kapittelet heter pa finsk Kehollinen oppiminen ja tanssi: teoreettis-filosofista taustaa og er det innledende kapittelet til boken om prosjektet Koko koulu tanssii! [Hele skolen danser!]. Prosjektet ble gjennomfort under ledelse av professor i dansepedagogikk ved UniArts Helsinki, Eeva Anttila, ved Kartanonkoski skole i Vanda utenfor Helsingfors i lopet av fire ar (2009–2013), med stotte av Kunnskapsdepartementet i Finland og Vanda by.En dansepedagog ble engasjert pa fulltid over fire ar for a undervise alle elever pa skolen i dans, integrert i laereplanene for alle fag. Laererne gjennomgikk skolering rettet mot profesjonskunnskap og dans, og mange forestillinger, besok av kunstnere og andre hendelser ble arrangert i lopet av de fire arene. Prosjektet var bade et utviklingsprosjekt og et forskningsprosjekt. Publikasjonen som omhandler hele prosjektet, heter Koko koulu tanssii! Kehollisen oppimisen mahdollisuuksia kouluyhteisossa [Hele skolen danser! Mulighetene ved kroppslig laering i skolesammenheng], se http://actascenica.teak.fi/eeva-anttila-2013/ (tilgang 13.10.2018). Kapittelet er oversatt med tillatelse fra forfatteren. http://dx.doi.org/10.18862/ps.2019.503.3
Routine Chest X-Rays After Thoracic Surgery Are Unnecessary.

Abstract Background Routine chest x-rays (CXRs) ordered on thoracic surgery inpatients are common, costly, and of unclear clinical utility. We sought to investigate CXR ordering practices and their impact on clinical care. Materials and methods A single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted after undergoing thoracic surgery with an intraoperative chest tube (CT) placed was performed over a 1-y period. Our primary outcome was a CXR-driven change in care. We evaluated routine CXR orders immediately after surgery in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and after final CT removal. “Routine” was defined as not ordered during a workup for a clinical concern. Patients were excluded if they underwent pleurodesis, were discharged with a CT, or had an immediate post-CT removal clinical change prompting intervention. Results A total of 241 patients met inclusion. All patients received a routine PACU CXR, and 48% (117) had abnormal radiographic findings (e.g., pneumothorax, consolidation, effusion, etc). Secondary to this CXR, one patient (0.4%) experienced a change in care: a repeat CXR only. All patients received a routine final CT removal CXR, and 58% (140) had abnormal radiographic findings. After this CXR, 33 patients (14%) experienced a change in care: 32 underwent repeat CXR and one was clinically observed. Overall, no patients experienced a procedural intervention. Conclusions Routine post-thoracic surgery CXRs in the PACU and after CT removal have limited clinical impact. Quality initiatives should be pursued to decrease empiric CXR use and reserve ordering for specific clinical concerns.
Contagious itching is heightened in children with autism spectrum disorders

The authors tested susceptibility to contagious itching, laughter, and yawning in 55 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ages 8-14, and 106 typically developing (TD) children, ages 5-14. Children with ASD were less likely to yawn or laugh contagiously compared with TD peers, but showed increased susceptibility to contagious itching, under naturalistic conditions. Contagious yawning and laughter were positively correlated with emotional empathy in the TD group. In contrast, contagious itching showed no relationship to empathy, and was positively correlated with autism symptom severity in the ASD group. The authors explore the implications of these findings in terms of psychological theories about ASD.
The Electronic Health Record Objective Structured Clinical Examination Station: Assessing Student Competency in Patient Notes and Patient Interaction.

Introduction The ability to utilize the electronic health record (EHR) without compromising the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) is an essential skill of all physicians and trainees, yet little ti...
Resource Use and Economic Implications of Remote Monitoring With Subcutaneous Cardiac Rhythm Monitors.

Abstract Objectives This study reports resource use and economic implications of rhythm monitoring with subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitors (SCRMs). Background SCRMs generate a substantial amount of data that requires timely adjudication for appropriate clinical care. Resource use for SCRM monitoring is not known. Methods The study included consecutive transmissions during 4 weeks from 1,811 SCRMs. Resource use was quantified by assessment of time commitment of device clinic personnel and electrophysiologists for data adjudication. Incidence and characteristics of false positive (FP) episodes were assessed. Impact of custom programming for arrhythmia detection on incidence of FP episodes and resource use was analyzed. Results A total of 1,457 transmissions (alerts = 462; full downloads = 995) were received during study period. Average device clinic personnel time for adjudication of 1 transmission was 15 ± 6 min. This totaled to 364 h spent (2.3 full-time staff) over the 4-week period, which translated into a salary cost of $12,000 U.S. dollars (USD). Average time spent by an electrophysiologist for 1 transmission was 1.5 ± 1 min and totaled to 37 h for 4 weeks, which translated into an estimated cost of $9,600 USD. Of 1,457 total transmissions, 512 (35%) represented multiple transmissions from the same patients, which resulted in no additional reimbursement. Incidence of FP episodes in the entire cohort was 50% and was variable in alert (60%) and full download (49%) (p = 0.04) transmissions. When SCRMs with manufacturer suggested nominal programming and institutional custom programming were compared, there was a reduction in FP episodes (55% vs. 16%; p = 0.01), which translated to a 34% reduction in resource use for data adjudication. Conclusions SCRM data adjudication requires significant resources. Custom programming for SCRMs may overcome the data deluge.
The Body Mass Index Assimilation of US Immigrants: Do Diet and Exercise Contribute?

We explore the potential causes of the unhealthy body mass index (BMI) assimilation of US immigrants to native levels. Diet — measured by fat, carbohydrate, protein, and caloric intake — and exercise have mixed success in explaining immigrants’ BMI convergence. Assimilation differs by age. Middle-aged immigrants exhibit poor behaviors consistent with unhealthy BMI gains. Worse diets may contribute to BMI increases among young immigrants who increase their intake of saturated fats. There are differences in behaviors by income, as poorer immigrants exhibit greater convergence to unhealthy native eating habits. Home country conditions influence dietary assimilation, with heterogeneity across Mexican and non-Mexican immigrants.
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes

Abstract. In the high latitude Arctic, wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. As the climate warms, wintertime Arctic surface heat fluxes will be dominated by the insulating effect of snow and sea-ice covering the ocean until the sea ice thins enough or sea ice concentrations decrease enough such that direct ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes become more important. Simulated wintertime conductive heat fluxes in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean increase ~7–11 W m−2 by mid-21st century and are due to both thinning sea ice and snow on sea ice. Surface heat flux estimates calculated using grid-cell mean values of sea ice thicknesses underestimate mean heat fluxes by ~16–35 % and overestimate changes in conductive heat fluxes by up to ~36 % in the wintertime Arctic basin even while sea ice concentrations remain above 90 %.
Some Motor and Electrical Signs of Drug Action

Publisher Summary Drugs can cause sensory induced evoked potentials recorded within the midbrain reticular formation to vary independent of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Thus, in high doses, atropine (10-20 mg/kg) or pentobarbital (15-20 mg/kg) produce EEG synchrony, but only the latter drug attenuates or abolishes evoked responses. Conversely, amphetamine, metrazol, and physostigmine induce EEG activation; but physostigmine abolishes the evoked potential, whereas the remaining two may even enhance this phenomenon. It is possible, however, that when the primary action of a drug is sedative, EEG synchrony and enhanced evoked responses prevail; whereas anesthetic agents abolish the latter in addition to producing EEG sleep patterns. Hence, chlorpromazine, atropine, and pentobarbital in low doses produce sedation, EEG synchrony, and augmented evoked potentials, but only pentobarbital in higher doses clearly abolishes the evoked response and is primarily anesthetic. The chapter also discusses evidence to indicate that the outstanding characteristic of atropine and atropine-like agents is their ability to block the EEG activation produced by cholinergic drugs. It also discusses evidence to show that electrophysiological findings may not predict the effects of drug antagonists nor imitate primary drug actions. Conversely, pharmacodynamic agents may often be used advantageously to confirm and further elucidate information obtained by neurophysiological techniques.
Cognitive Priming for Movement Initiation via Self-Speech in People Living with Parkinson’s Disease

This chapter describes the RehabSelfPrime-Speech intervention technique used among patients with moderate disability caused by Parkinson’s diseases. The aim of the intervention is to promote functional independence. It addresses how clients living with Parkinson’s disease learn to use self-priming to initiate movement-related actions (Maitra and Dasgupta, Occup Ther Int 12(4):218–233, 2005; Maitra, Clin Rehab 21(5):418–424, 2007). The client reads action words, which are semantically related to occupational performance of daily living tasks (e.g., get up from a chair, reach for tools or food, or grasp a pen and a paper). The RehabSelfPrime-Speech intervention technique is based on Pulvermuller et al.’s (Eur J Neurosci 21(3):793–797, 2005) language–perception–action theory, well-established repetition priming paradigm (Fleischman, Cortex 43:889–897, 2007) and empirical data on movement disorder related to Parkinson’s disease and stroke (Maitra et al., Am J Occup Ther 60(2):146–154, 2006; Maitra, Clin Rehabil 21(5):418–424, 2007).
Ground-State Electronic Structure of RC-LH1 and LH2 Pigment Assemblies of Purple Bacteria via the EBF-MO Method.

Light-harvesting antennas are protein–pigment complexes that play a crucial role in natural photosynthesis. The antenna complexes absorb light and transfer energy to photosynthetic reaction centers where charge separation occurs. This work focuses on computational studies of the electronic structure of the pigment networks of light-harvesting complex I (LH1), LH1 with the reaction center (RC-LH1), and light-harvesting complex II (LH2) found in purple bacteria. As the pigment networks of LH1, RC-LH1, and LH2 contain thousands of atoms, conventional density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio calculations of these systems are not computationally feasible. Therefore, we utilize DFT in conjunction with the energy-based fragmentation with molecular orbitals method and a semiempirical approach employing the extended Huckel model Hamiltonian to determine the electronic properties of these pigment assemblies. Our calculations provide a deeper understanding of the electronic structure of natural light-harvesting...
Analog systems education: An integrated toolset and FPAA SoC boards

Augmenting lectures in the classroom is desired when teaching analog system design. We present an all-in-one open source software suite and FPAA boards as one solution. The tools are capable of simulating and getting experimental results of mixed signal designs discussed in class. There are two options for students to get data, either remotely or locally. There is an option for students to create their own blocks, which will be shared with the class. Our goal is to empower students to gain intuition of system design and appreciate the value of circuit reuse.
Hobbes y el Congo: marcos, violencia local e intervención internacional

Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? In this article,I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postconfl ict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local confl ict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a �postconfl ict� situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local confl ict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justifi ed specific practices and policies while precluding others, notably local confl ict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo
Consent vs. Coercion: BDSM Interactions Highlight a Fine but Immutable Line

In the majority of literature related to Bondage and Domination/Dominance and Submission/ Sadism and Masochism (or Sadomasochism) (BDSM; Connolly, 2006), there exists a focus on the pathologization of such interactions, and little attention is given to a non-clinical BDSM-oriented population. What research there is analyzing non-clinical expressions of BDSM suggests that consensual BDSM interactions can positively influence individuals in various ways, such as through heightened meaning-making and self-awareness and intensified interpersonal connection through a deliberate exchange of power. A closer look at the extant literature discussing nonpathological expressions of BDSM reveals that the explicit communication of consent is paramount. Nonpathological mainstream sexual interaction is based on the construct of consent as well, though consent is often assumed rather than asserted. While the realm of BDSM encompasses a vast range of potential activities, explicit consent is the single universal characteristic in BDSM sexual interactions and is considered a fundamental tenet in the BDSM community. This article presents a review of the literature on BDSM interactions with three goals in mind: 1) to investigate the historical pathologization of BDSM; 2) to compare similarities between BDSM and mainstream sexualities; and 3) to highlight the importance of explicit rather than tacit agreements of consent in every type of sexual interaction.
Laminin promotes coagulation and thrombus formation in a factor XII‐dependent manner

Summary. Background: Laminin is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in the basement membrane. Recent studies have shown that laminin supports platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation under flow conditions, highlighting a possible role for laminin in hemostasis. Objective: To investigate the ability of laminin to promote coagulation and support thrombus formation under shear. Results and methods: Soluble laminin accelerated factor (F) XII activation in a purified system, and shortened the clotting time of recalcified plasma in a FXI- and FXII-dependent manner. Laminin promoted phosphatidylserine exposure on platelets and supported platelet adhesion and fibrin formation in recalcified blood under shear flow conditions. Fibrin formation in laminin-coated capillaries was abrogated by an antibody that interferes with FXI activation by activated FXII, or an antibody that blocks activated FXI activation of FIX. Conclusion: This study identifies a role for laminin in the initiation of coagulation and the formation of platelet-rich thrombi under shear conditions in a FXII-dependent manner.
Laboratory Studies of Steam Stripping of LNAPL-Contaminated Soils

Abstract Bench‐scale laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of steam injection for in situ remediation of soils contaminated by light nonaqueous‐phase liquids (LNAPLs). Several parametric studies were performed with various combinations of soils, LNAPLs, and steam injection conditions. An increase in steam injection pressure produced a significant increase in LNAPL recovery efficiency. An increase in steam injection pressure from 12.4 to 44.8 kPa resulted in increased LNAPL recovery efficiency from 86 to 95% after one pore volume of steam injection. Higher steam injection pressure yielded maximum LNAPL recovery efficiency in significantly less time and required a smaller amount of steam than at low pressure. An increase in soil grain size or an increase in grain‐size‐distribution slope resulted in increased LNAPL recovery efficiency. The final LNAPL residual saturation was approximately 0.5% for coarse‐grained soils and 1.8% for soils with finer grain sizes. Soils with finer g...
Reflux Condensation Characteristics of a Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the feasibility of the application of the heat pipe concept to the study of reflux condensation. An experiment is carried out whereby the condensation heat transfer coefficients are obtained for a turbulent vapor flow and a laminar condensate flow. Corresponding Nusselt's laminar film condensation heat transfer coefficients are calculated and compared. A discussion on the applicability of the heat pipe concept to the study of reflux condensation is also presented.
Comparison of interpolation methods used in epicardial activation map formation

This study makes a quantitative comparison of algorithms used to generate epicardial activation maps. The choice of the right algorithm is critical since it should not introduce artifacts or obscure features that are present. Commonly used algorithms for map generation are gridding, triangulation and kriging. On visual inspection such maps may differ significantly. The evaluation of these algorithms is based on the root mean square error criteria and the kriging method yielded the least RMSE. Five data sets, obtained from canine infarct models of cardiac late potentials were used in the error analysis. >
Ground state energy at unitarity

We consider two-component fermions on the lattice in the unitarity limit. This is an idealized limit of attractive fermions where the range of the interaction is zero and the scattering length is infinite. Using Euclidean time projection, we compute the ground state energy using four computationally different but physically identical auxiliary-field methods. The best performance is obtained using a bounded continuous auxiliary field and a nonlocal updating algorithm called the hybrid Monte Carlo. With this method, we calculate results for 10 and 14 fermions at lattice volumes ${4}^{3},{5}^{3},{6}^{3},{7}^{3},{8}^{3}$ and extrapolate to the continuum limit. For 10 fermions in a periodic cube, the ground state energy is $0.292(12)$ times the ground state energy for noninteracting fermions. For 14 fermions, the ratio is $0.329(5)$.
Abnormal intestinal function related to hypocupremia in a rodent model.

Background Copper deficiency affects the peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems and can lead to neurological deficits in humans. No studies have addressed whether copper deficiency affects the enteric nervous system (ENS). We hypothesized that ENS abnormalities impair intestinal function in copper deficiency. Methods We induced copper deficiency in rats by nutritional deprivation. Once hypocupremia was achieved, we euthanized the animals and harvested the small and large intestine. The longitudinal smooth muscle from the jejunum and colon was suspended in organ baths and contractility in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed. Mucosa was also isolated from each region and placed into modified Ussing chambers to determine whether the copper deficiency leads to alterations in epithelial transport measured as a change in short circuit current across the mucosa in response to EFS. Key Results A copper deficient diet (CDD) in normal rats for 9 weeks was sufficient to produce hypocupremia. Colonic smooth muscle contractility was significantly decreased in response to EFS in rats fed a CDD compared with controls, however, jejunal smooth muscle contractility in response to EFS in rats fed a CDD rats resembled that observed in controls. No significant changes in secretory function were observed in either region in response to CDD. Conclusions & Inferences Dietary copper deficiency produces significant changes in the neural regulation of colonic smooth muscle contractility in a rodent model. Thus, along with CNS and PNS effects in humans, copper deficiency results in abnormal ENS regulation of intestinal function in rats.