cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Error estimates for the hybrid finite element/finite volume methods for linear hyperbolic and convection-dominated problems

In this paper, we establish the error estimates for the generalized hybrid finite element/finite volume methods we have introduced in our earlier work (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 139 (2002) 323; Comm. Appl. Anal. 5(1) (2001) 91). These estimates are obtained for linear hyperbolic and convection-dominated convection-diffusion problems. Our analysis is performed for general mesh of a bounded polygonal domain of Rn satisfying the minimum angle condition. Our errors estimates are new and represent significant improvements over the previously known error estimates established for the streamline diffusion and discontinuous Galerkin methods applied to hyperbolic and convection dominated problems (Math. Comp. 46 (1986) 1; Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 45 (1984) 285; in: C. de Boor (Ed.), Mathematical Aspects of Finite Elements in Partial Differential Equations, Academic Press, New York, 1974).
Genetic counseling in pediatric practice.

Genetic counseling can be incorporated into pediatric practice with relative ease. The pediatrician committed to caring for the “whole child” can ill-afford to overlook the medical and psychosocial impact of genetic disorders on his patients, their families and society at large. This article briefly reviews the rapidly growing field of genetic counseling as applied to pediatric practice. Clues to diagnosis and the principles involved in counseling and risk estimation based on accumulated data and personal experience are presented.
Correlated equilibria in two-player repeated games with nonobservable actions

Four kinds of correlated equilibrium payoff sets in undiscounted repeated games with nonobservable actions are studied. Three of them. the upper, the uniform, and Banach lead to the same payoff set, whereas the lower one in general is associated with a larger set. The extensive form correlated equilibrium is also explored. It turns out that both the regular and extensive form correlated equilibria yield the same sets of payoffs.
Comparison of in vitro and in vivo Wear of Composites

In vitro wear data were determined for nine experimental composites and compared with two-year clinical data. The in vitro tests included single-pass wear and two-body abrasion. The in vivo data were obtained between 1978 and 1980 for 54 class 2 posterior composite restorations in 25 patients. Correlations between the in vitro and in vivo data were found with values of α less than 0.08.
The father of parallel universes

Robert P. Crease is fascinated by a biography of quantum physicist Hugh Everett III, the difficult man behind one of the most logical and bizarre ideas in the history of human thought.
Adhesion and detachment of biological cellsin vitro

Abstract Adhesion between biological cells and various surfaces is explained in terms of various models, including coagulation at primary or secondary minima of free energy, macromolecular bridges or matrices, and specialized structures at the surfaces of some cells. These models are used to predict the magnitudes of force necessary to detach a cell in the limiting cases of peeling and simultaneous separation over finite areas of contact. Diverse experimental assays of cellular adhesiveness are reviewed and the forces applied to individual cells are estimated. A very wide range of the forces applied to cells in different assays suggests that different mechanisms of bonding are dominant for different types of cells and surfaces under various conditions of growth and chemical environment. The peeling mode of separation is most consistent with the magnitudes of applied force used experimentally in the detachment of cells.
Dynamic coupling of a liquid-tank system under transient excitations

Abstract It has been observed that the unrestrained free surface of a container can create relatively large liquid movements for even very small motions of the container. This excessive movement may endanger the stability as well as the maneuvering quality of the transporting vehicle. Therefore, the effects of the dynamic coupling of a liquid-tank system are of great concern. This dynamic coupling problem is studied analytically for a two-dimensional, rectangular rigid tank with no baffles. The governing equations of the liquid motion are derived with reference to a moving coordinate system which is fixed to the moving container. With the liquid forces generated by the fluid motion as the external exciting force for the tank, the motions of the liquid-tank system can be described according to Newton's Second Law of Motion. By using the Laplace transformation technique, the dynamic responses of the coupled system can be examined in detail. Numerical results for various types of external excitations and the resultant motions of the fluid-tank system are presented and compared with the equivalent non-shifting cargo system. The results of the comparison indicate that the discrepancy of responses in the two systems can obviously be observed when the ratio of the natural frequency of the fluid and the natural frequency of the tank is close to unity. Also, the amount of fluid inside the tank is a very important factor in determining the responses.
State-of-the-art Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of subclavian/axillary vessels during their passage from the thoracic cavity to the axilla. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent debilitating outcomes of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with equilibrium phase using provocative arm positioning is the optimal examination to determine presence, degree of vascular compression, and complications of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. This article reviews thoracic outlet anatomy, disorders of the vascular component, and typical imaging findings by contrast-enhanced 3D MRA.
Repression by Ume6 Involves Recruitment of a Complex Containing Sin3 Corepressor and Rpd3 Histone Deacetylase to Target Promoters

Abstract Sin3 and Rpd3 negatively regulate a diverse set of yeast genes. A mouse Sin3-related protein is a transcriptional corepressor, and a human Rpd3 homolog is a histone deacetylase. Here, we show that Sin3 and Rpd3 are specifically required for transcriptional repression by Ume6, a DNA-binding protein that regulates genes involved in meiosis. A short region of Ume6 is sufficient to repress transcription, and this repression domain mediates a two-hybrid and physical interaction with Sin3. Coimmunoprecipitation and two- hybrid experiments indicate that Sin3 and Rpd3 are associated in a complex distinct from TFIID and Pol II holoenzyme. Rpd3 is specifically required for repression by Sin3, and artificial recruitment of Rpd3 results in repression. These results suggest that repression by Ume6 involves recruitment of a Sin3–Rpd3 complex and targeted histone deacetylation.
Angiotensin II generated by a human renal carboxypeptidase.

Angiotensin II, the potent hypertensive octapeptide, can be generated by a sequential cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal leucine and histidine from angiotensin I by a human renal extract. This extract does not hydrolyze further the resulting octapeptide. The more widely recognized biosynthetic pathway is by the extracellular dipeptide cleavage of angiotensin I by an enzyme which also degrades bradykinin, i . e ., angiotensin converting enzyme. The presence of a carboxypeptidase activity capable of generating but not further hydrolyzing angiotensin II was observed in an ammonium sulfate fraction of a human renal extract. This novel enzymatic activity is distinct from angiotensin converting enzyme activity in that it is not dependent upon calcium and is not inhibited by known angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
Knowledge of results and decision making performance in visual monitoring

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the role of knowledge of results (KR) on decision making performance in a simple visual monitoring task in which subjects were required to detect aperiodic, long-duration brightness changes and ignore short duration changes. Both experiments demonstrated the characteristic decrease in percent of signals detected over the watch period when KR was not given. In addition, the results of each study were analyzed in terms of the Theory of Signal Detectability. Experiment I resulted in significant changes in log β and d' when cumulative total events KR and cumulative detect response KR were provided. Experiment II factorially compared the effects of cumulative total events KR, correct detection KR, and false alarm KR. Correct detection KR was effective in increasing d' over the monitoring session. The implications of the results of each study were discussed in terms of a decision making point-of-view. It was concluded that the role of KR on decision performance is complex and depends upon the specific type of KR presented.
Distribution of tobacco rattle virus in tubers of resistant and susceptible potatoes and systemic movement of virus into daughter plants

Fifty-nine potato cultivars or breeding clones were planted near Umatilla, OR and/or Pasco, WA, in fields known to be infested with tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and vector nematodes,Paratrichodorus allius Jen. (Sid.). Tubers from these field plots were cut and examined for corky ringspot (CRS) symptoms. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for TRV was conducted on tissue samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic tubers. Sixty-five percent of the symptomatic and 42% of the asymptomatic tissue samples from CRS symptomatic tubers contained detectable TRV. Approximately 2% of plants grown from either symptomatic or asymptomatic tubers contained TRV when tested by ELISA, whereas 20% and 12% of plants grown from symptomatic and asymptomatic tubers, respectively, were positive for TRV by RT-PCR. These results suggest that RT-PCR is a more sensitive assay for detection of TRV. Systemic infections by TRV were detected more often in foliage of CRS-susceptible genotypes. Daughter tubers exhibiting symptoms of CRS, and which contained RT-PCR-detectable TRV, were produced on plants of three genotypes, including one from an asymptomatic parent tuber.
Baseline transtheoretical and dietary behavioral predictors of dietary fat moderation over 12 and 24 months

Longitudinal predictors of dietary behavior change are important and in need of study. This secondary data analysis combined primary data across three randomized trials to examine transtheoretical model (TTM) and specific dietary predictors of successful dietary change at 12 and 24 months separately in treatment and control groups (N = 4178). The treatment group received three TTM-tailored print interventions over 12 months between 1995 and 2000. Chi-square and MANOVA analyses were used to examine baseline predictors of dietary outcome at 12 and 24 months. Last, a multivariable logistic regression was conducted with all baseline variables included. Across all analyses in both treatment and control groups, the most robust predictors of successful change were for TTM-tailored treatment group, preparation stage of change, and increased use of dietary behavior variables such as moderating fat intake, substitution of lower fat foods, and increasing intake of healthful foods. These results provide strong evidence for treatment, stage and behavioral dietary severity effects predicting dietary behavior change over time, and for targeting these variables with the strongest relationships to outcome in interventions, such as TTM-tailored dietary interventions.
Toxicity of cadmium to schistosoma mansoni cercariae: effects on vitality and developmental ability in white mice

Time-until-death studies were run on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni in 8 concentrations of cadmium (from cadmium sulfate) ranging from 100 ppm to 0.0001 ppm. All concentrations used were found to be toxic, and at 10 ppm all cercariae were dead within 4 hours, which coincides with their period of maximum infectability following emergence from the snail host. At 2 ppm, all cercariae died within 8 hours, and at 1 ppm all died within 16 hours. In addition, groups of cercariae were exposed to cadmium concentrations of 10, 1, and 0.1 ppm for periods of 30, 20, and 10 minutes. Thereafter, cercariae from these groups were allowed to penetrate the tails of white mice or were injected subcutaneously into mice. After 8 weeks, these mice were autopsied and the adult worms collected by perfusion. Maturation of cercariae from both methods of invasion was seriously impaired. Statistical analysis using a 3 × 4 × 2 factoral design for analysis of variance showed both time of exposure and concentration of cadmium ion to be significant factors in determining number of worms developing at p = 0.01. A significant interaction between time of exposure and concentration was found to exist. The two methods of infection did not have a significant effect on the number of worms recovered. Therefore, it appears that those toxicant-exposed cercariae capable of maturing do not need assistance in traversing the skin barrier but can penetrate and migrate to reach the mesenteric venules for maturation.
An APL system for interactive scientific-engineering graphics and data analysis

This paper describes an APL system, GRAFSTAT, designed for interactive scientific-engineering plotting, data analysis, applied statistics, and customized graphics output development. It runs under VSAPL on the IBM 3277GA and 3279 graphics terminals. The system has a full screen, menu driven interface. It is synergistic with APL in that full screen entries can be APL expressions and in that the interactively developed full screen responses can be run noninteractively within the user's own APL functions. The system contains a wide range of graphics capabilities, a set of commonly applied data analysis and statistical routines, and utilities for cataloging full screen responses, application functions, and data, i.e., for the general management of the user's work sessions and work units. It provides an excellent example of the potential of APL as a software base for scientific-engineering applications in interactive environments with high resolution graphics displays.
Wrist arthroscopy Indications and clinical applications

We reviewed retrospectively a series of 128 consecutive patients who had wrist arthroscopy at our institution between January 1988 and July 1991. The aim of the procedure was to establish a diagnosis in 27 patients, to challenge a pre-operative diagnosis in 95 patients and to evaluate joint surfaces in six patients. For the 27 patients with a previously unknown diagnosis, the diagnostic sensitivity was 67% and the specificity 100%. Arthrotomy or other intervention was avoided in 18. For the 95 patients with an established pre-operative diagnosis, arthrotomy was avoided in 45: in 26 the desired procedure could be done arthroscopically, and in 19 the diagnosis, as improved by arthroscopy, was felt not to require further treatment. Procedures performed arthroscopically included debridement of triangular fibrocartilage and inter-carpal ligament tears; lysis of adhesions, and synovectomy. In six patients, arthroscopy was performed to evaluate joint surfaces after fracture reduction or before ulnar shortening osteotomy. In none of the six was arthrotomy felt necessary after arthroscopy. Wrist arthroscopy avoided the need for further surgery in 66 (52%) of our patients; arthrotomy was avoided in 69 (54%). In cases with significant carpal instability evident pre-operatively, arthroscopy was unlikely to avoid the need for open treatment.
Evaluating density forecasts of the model with a conditional skewed-t distribution for China's stock markets

This study sets up a model which assumes a conditional skewed-t distribution for returns on four of China's stock price indexes (Shanghai A, Shanghai B, Shenzhen A and Shenzhen B). We employ Chen and Fan's (2004) pseudo-Wald test via the copula approach to evaluate both in- and out-of-sample density forecasts of the model. The results show that our model characterized by modelling conditional skewness and conditional kurtosis has a good in-sample fit as well as a good out-of-sample performance of density forecasting.
The Clinical Inaccuracy of Estimated Flow in Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Devices

Purpose The HeartMate II® ventricular assist device (HM-VAD) provides continuous flow support and its display monitor reveals an estimate of flow. Whether this flow-estimate predicts cardiac output (CO) in the clinical setting remains unclear. We sought to determine the accuracy and clinical reliability of the estimated flow in determining CO in patients (pts) with an HM-LVAD. Methods and Materials Cardiac catheterization (RHC) was performed in 25 pts with an HM-VAD. Pts with significant aortic insufficiency or presumed HM-VAD thrombosis were excluded. The average of 3 consecutive thermodilution CO measurements was made while simultaneously recording the flow-estimate on the HM-LVAD display monitor. Results The indication for RHC was per clinical protocol (n=19) or right heart failure (n=6). The mean HM-VAD parameters were: speed 9600 rpm, flow 5.7±0.8 l/min, power 6.9±0.7 watts, and pulsatility index 4.8±0.8. A weak correlation was seen between CO and estimated flow (r=0.38; p=0.05) with the poorest correlation seen in those with a lower cardiac index ( figure 1 ] Conclusions Flow estimates correlate poorly with cardiac output and should not be relied upon as a surrogate for CO in HM-VAD pts. A low threshold for invasive CO measurement is warranted particularly in those whose clinical condition is consistent with a low CO state.
In Vivo Rating of Treatment Acceptability by Children: Group Size Effects in Group Contingencies to Improve Spelling Performance.

Abstract A primary criticism of studies on acceptability of interventions has been their analogue approach to experimentation. In the present, two-study investigation, acceptability of intervention as rated by children was examined prior to, during, and immediately following the implementation of a group contingency designed to improve spelling performance. In the first study, the relationships of group size to interdependent and dependent group contingencies were investigated. The second study specifically examined the effects of group size and interdependent contingencies only. The results of the studies showed that these interventions were successful at improving the spelling performance of students, particularly the poorest spellers in the class. Differences related to group size were inconsistent across the two studies. Acceptability ratings of students in both studies showed that students rated each combination of group size and type of group contingency as more acceptable after experiencing treatment. Although pre- and postintervention acceptability ratings tended to be correlated, no correlations between acceptability ratings and student performance in spelling were found at any point in the studies. The implications for using acceptability ratings in decision making are discussed.
Designing collaborative mathematics activities for classroom device networks

This paper explores the potential of networked devices to support classroom problem solving in small groups. We articulate two principles for designing networked collaborative activities: that they should 1) balance the group's collective engagement of shared objects with opportunities for individual student manipulation of those objects and 2) coordinate networked interactions among student-controlled objects with mathematically meaningful relationships. To illustrate these principles, we present a scenario for small-group collaboration involving classroom device networks.
The Perception of Human Appearance in Video Games: Toward an Understanding of the Effects of Player Perceptions of Game Features

In this posttest-only experimental design, participants played one of two versions of the video game Quake with either a human-looking target or a nonhuman-looking target. Dependent measures included perceived human appearance of the target, perceived violence in the game, immersive presence, physically and verbally aggressive intentions, and aggressive cognitions. Of specific interest was the relative effect of the manipulation compared to the effect of the players’ perceptions (humanness of the target, experienced immersive presence) on aggressive outcomes. We utilize schema theory to argue that game perceptions, including those of the manipulation, and other perceptual variables partially mediate the relationship between game features and aggressive outcomes. First, we found that the manipulation was successful and less human-looking targets were perceived as less human. In addition, the more experience someone had playing violent games, the less violent they perceived the stimulus game to be. Second, ...
Crayfish Impact Desert River Ecosystem Function and Litter-Dwelling Invertebrate Communities through Association with Novel Detrital Resources

Shifts in plant species distributions due to global change are increasing the availability of novel resources in a variety of ecosystems worldwide. In semiarid riparian areas, hydric pioneer tree species are being replaced by drought-tolerant plant species as water availability decreases. Additionally, introduced omnivorous crayfish, which feed upon primary producers, allochthonous detritus, and benthic invertebrates, can impact communities at multiple levels through both direct and indirect effects mediated by drought-tolerant plants. We tested the impact of both virile crayfish (Orconectes virilis) and litter type on benthic invertebrates and the effect of crayfish on detrital resources across a gradient of riparian vegetation drought-tolerance using field cages with leaf litter bags in the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona. Virile crayfish increased breakdown rate of novel drought-tolerant saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), but did not impact breakdown of drought-tolerant seepwillow (Baccharis salicifolia) or hydric Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Gooding's willow (Salix goodingii). Effects on invertebrate diversity were observed at the litter bag scale, but no effects were found at the cage scale. Crayfish decreased alpha diversity of colonizing macroinvertebrates, but did not affect beta diversity. In contrast, the drought-tolerant litter treatment decreased beta diversity relative to hydric litter. As drought-tolerant species become more abundant in riparian zones, their litter will become a larger component of the organic matter budget of desert streams which may serve to homogenize the litter-dwelling community and support elevated populations of virile crayfish. Through impacts at multiple trophic levels, crayfish have a significant effect on desert stream ecosystems.
Dynamic Compressive Loading and Crosslinking Density Influence the Chondrogenic and Hypertrophic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels

While hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels provide a stable 3D environment that is conducive to the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence of growth factors [1], the neocartilage that is formed remains inferior to native tissue, even after long culture durations. Additionally, MSCs eventually transit into a hypertrophic phenotype after chondrogenic induction, resulting in the calcification of the ECM after ectopic transplantation [2]. From a material design perspective, variation in the HA hydrogel scaffold crosslinking density via changes in the HA macromer concentration can influence chondrogenesis of MSCs and neocartilage formation [3]. Recent studies have also demonstrated that dynamic compression enhances the expression of chondrogenic markers and cartilage matrix synthesis by MSCs encapsulated in various hydrogels, including agarose [4], alginate [5] and fibrin [6]. Furthermore, mechanical signals also regulate growth plate and articular cartilage chondrocyte hypertrophy via the IHH-PTHrP (India hedgehog, Parathyroid hormone-related protein) pathway [7]. In contrast to biologically inert scaffold materials, HA is capable of interacting with cells (including MSCs) via cell surface receptors (CD44, CD54, and CD168) [8; 9]. Therefore the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the effects of both hydrogel crosslinking and dynamic compressive loading on (i) chondrogenesis and cartilage matrix production/distribution of human MSCs encapsulated in HA gels and (ii) hypertrophic differentiation of human MSCs using an in vitro MSC hypertrophy model [10].© 2012 ASME
The volume density of cells and capillaries of the normal stria vascularis

The purpose of this study was to provide morphometric (i.e. quantitative anatomical) data on the normal chinchilla stria vascularis. Five normal chinchillas were used in the present investigation and four regions of the cochlea were examined in each animal. The width, radial area and number of marginal cells across the stria's width increased from the cochlear apex toward the base. The increase in striai width and area appeared to be due to hyperplasia of the marginal cells. The mean total endolymphatic surface area of the stria vascularis was estimated to be 7.4 mm2 (S.E. = 1.23). The mean total volume of the stria vascularis was estimated to be 0.15 μl (S.E. = 0.01). In addition, using a stereological method we found that the volume density of the cells and capillaries of the stria vascularis was constant along the length of the scab media. The mean (± S.E.) volume density of the stria cells and capillaries was estimated to be: marginal cells = 0.528 (0.013), intermediate cells = 0.212 (0.026), basal cells = 0.163 (0.009) and capillaries = 0.097 (0.009).
Retention of Blinding at Follow-Up in a Randomized Clinical Study Using a Sham-Control Cervical Manipulation Procedure for Neck Pain: Secondary Analyses From a Randomized Clinical Study

Abstract Objective Participants in clinical trials of spinal manipulation have not been rigorously blinded to group assignment. This study reports on secondary analyses of the retention of participant blinding beyond the immediate posttreatment time frame following a single-session, randomized clinical study. A novel control cervical manipulation procedure that has previously been shown to be therapeutically inert was contrasted with a typical manipulation procedure. Methods A randomized clinical study of a single session of typical vs sham-control manipulation in patients with chronic neck pain was conducted. Findings of self-reported group registration at 24 to 48 hours posttreatment were computed. The Blinding Index (BI) of Bang et al was then applied to both the immediate and post–24- to 48-hour results. Results Twenty-four to 48 hours after treatment, 94% and 22% of participants in the typical and control groups, respectively, correctly identified their group assignment. When analyzed with the BI of Bang et al, the immediate posttreatment BI for the group receiving a typical manipulation was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], − 0.03 to 0.47); for the group receiving a control manipulation, it was 0.19 (95% CI, − 0.06 to 0.43). The BI at post-24 hours was as follows: typical = 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59-0.91) and control = − 0.34 (95% CI, − 0.58 to − 0.11). Conclusions This study found that the novel sham-control cervical manipulation procedure may be effective in blinding sham group allocation up to 48 hours posttreatment. It appears that, at 48 hours posttreatment, the modified form of the typical cervical manipulation was not. The sham-control procedure appears to be a promising procedure for future clinical trials.
The Communication of Advice on an Online Message Board for Language Assistants in France

The primary goal of this study was to better understand the avenues for intercultural adaptation available to individuals living abroad. To accomplish this goal, the communication of social support on an online message board for English-speaking individuals working as language assistants in French schools on short-term contracts was examined. This study develops a deeper understanding of the structure and features of online discourse, specifically those messages considered to be “advice giving.” The present study provides a closer look to an often overlooked source of support for individuals adapting to a foreign culture and provides us with a deeper understanding of how people communicate advice to one another in an online context.
Lens actin: purification and localization.

Abstract Actin was purified from the chick lens using DEAE-52 column chromatography followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The antibody produced against the purified actin cross-reacted specifically with lens actin from other species in addition to smooth and skeletal muscle actin and labelled the stress bundles of cultured fibroblasts. Actin was localized, using immunological methods, primarily to the plasma membrane of the epithelial and fiber cells of the chick and human lens. Actin filaments were also identified by HMM S-1 labeling in bovine cortical fiber cells, Using this procedure, the actin filaments were found throughout the fiber cell but were mainly concentrated near the plasma membrane and in cell processes. They formed a population distinct from the beaded filaments. The initial DEAE-52 column chromatography was also useful in the initial purification on lens fiber cell intermediate filament protein and two species of β-crystallins.
Application of the organic on water reactions to prebiotic chemistry

The old view that prebiotic reactions in water are hampered by the low solubility of the organic compounds in water is now being revised due to the discoveries of the reactions “on water”. These reactions occur in the heterogeneous system comprising of the organic compounds and water. Unexpectedly, such reactions are extremely efficient; they often give quantitative yields, and are accelerated in the presence of water as compared to the organic solvents. These “on water” reactions are not the same as the “in water” reactions, which occur in solution, and are thus homogenous. Examples of the “on water” reactions include Diels-Alder, Claisen, Passerini and Ugi reactions, among many others. Some of these reactions are multicomponent, but give a single product. We survey a selected number of the “on water” reactions, which have a potential prebiotic applications.
Means of Detection: A Critical Archiving of Black Feminism and Punk Performance

This article recalibrates genealogies of punk by focusing on a black feminist reading of four punk performances. By spending time with Poly Styrene, Tamar-kali, M.J. Zilla, and Janelle Monae and the sound they produce, the historical rendering of punk takes on a new shape, one that is more inclusive of women of color and the presence of black female sexualities. As a way of drawing together black feminism and punk scholarship, two separate uses of a metaphoric “black hole” are analyzed and become entangled in the act of archiving these black feminist contributions to the world of punk rock. Evelynn Hammonds attends to the “black (w)hole” trope to prompt more analysis and admission of a wider range of black female sexualities and their potential. The other, by Dick Hebdige, uses “black hole” to operate as a challenge for punk to carefully unravel the logic of origin, race, and racism. The “black (w)hole” trope pivots around two senses of “record”: the record(ing) of sound and the historical record. This tr...
Recent development of non-platinum catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

The slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics on Pt catalysts is among the most limiting factors in the energy conversion efficiency of the state-of-the-art PEMFC. Also, Pt is scarcely available at a high price. Alternative materials are therefore highly sought for fuel cell applications. This review will concentrate on the electrochemical ORR on non-Pt catalysts, especially the experimental development during the past five years. Emphasis is placed on the understanding of the fundamental materials chemistry. This understanding seems pivotal for new designs of PEM cathode materials. Future outlooks are provided for researchers in engineering to select promising candidates for ORR.
Innovation in Banking: The In‐Home Computerised Banking Example

Banks have turned to technology in search of a competitive edge in a dynamic and sometimes hostile environment. Unfortunately, technical feasibility rather than market need has motivated them, giving no lasting advantage. An apparently profitable in‐home banking system, using Prestel, is here explored, offering customers of the Nottingham Building Society a full range of facilities. The factors making this a good opportunity for innovation are examined, together with problems that may be encountered. This introduction of the Homelink programme is seen as only the first stage in an entry into a home banking market which will depend on strategy implementation market evolution, competitive response and technological change.
The impact of zooplankton feeding on the epilimnetic bacteria of a eutrophic lake

SUMMARY. The members of the zooplankion eat bacteria in natural systems, but the impact of this mechanism of removal of bacterial biomass on the bacterioplankton of freshwaters is unknown. Zooplankton abundance and biomass were followed for 2 years in Lake Mendota. Bacterial biomass and heterotrophic production were also assessed. Feeding of zooplankton on bacteria was measured by a cell counts method in 1979 and using radioactively labelled natural assemblages of bacteria in 1980. Total feeding was calculated and was found to account for l-60% of the bacterial biomass daily. Annually, it accounted for 1–10% of the bacterial heterotrophic production. Since bacterial biomass does not change significantly from year to year and yet bacterial production is very high compared to feeding by zooplankton, mechanisms other than feeding must exist which remove biomass from the epilimnetic bacteria in larger amounts.
Visual sensing for developing autonomous behavior in snake robots

Snake robots are uniquely qualified to investigate a large variety of settings including archaeological sites, natural disaster zones, and nuclear power plants. For these applications, modular snake robots have been tele-operated to perform specific tasks using images returned to it from an onboard camera in the robots head. In order to give the operator an even richer view of the environment and to enable the robot to perform autonomous tasks we developed a structured light sensor that can make three-dimensional maps of the environment. This paper presents a sensor that is uniquely qualified to meet the severe constraints in size, power and computational footprint of snake robots. Using range data, in the form of 3D pointclouds, we show that it is possible to pair high-level planning with mid-level control to accomplish complex tasks without operator intervention.
A case study in data audit and modelling methodology—Australia

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to outline a rigorous, spatially consistent and cost-effective transport planning tool that projects travel demand, energy and emissions for all modes associated with domestic and international transport. The planning tool (Aus e Tran) is a multi-modal, multi-fuel and multi-regional macroeconomic and demographic-based computational model of the Australian transport sector that overcomes some of the gaps associated with existing strategic level transport emission models. The paper also identifies a number of key data issues that need to be resolved prior to model development with particular reference to the Australian environment. The strategic model structure endogenously derives transport demand, energy and emissions by jurisdiction, vehicle type, emission type and transport service for both freight and passenger transport. Importantly, the analytical framework delineates the national transport task, energy consumed and emissions according to region, state/territory of origin and jurisdictional protocols, provides an audit mechanism for the evaluation of the methodological framework, integrates a mathematical protocol to derive time series FFC emission factors and allows for the impact of non-registered road vehicles on transport, fuel and emissions.
Sequence Comparison of Baboon ABO Histo-Blood Group Alleles: Lesions Found in O Alleles Differ between Human and Baboon☆

Abstract ABSTRACT: Histo-blood group O has only rarely been observed in baboon. Recent discovery of such an animal has provided us the opportunity to investigate the molecular genetics of the ABO locus in baboons. The major baboon prototype O allele, observed in two homozygous and several heterozygous animals, is related to the A allele as is the case in humans. Additional apparent prototype O alleles have been observed in heterozygotes, one of which is related to the B allele. The nucleotide changes conferring the O phenotype in the two known human O alleles have not been observed in any baboon allele. This information will aid the identification of baboons useful for the development of xenotransplantation in humans.
Fast Design Exploration for Performance, Power and Accuracy Tradeoffs in FPGA-Based Accelerators

The ease-of-use and reconfigurability of FPGAs makes them an attractive platform for accelerating algorithms. However, accelerating becomes a challenging task as the large number of possible design parameters lead to different accelerator variants. In this article, we propose techniques for fast design exploration and multi-objective optimization to quickly identify both algorithmic and hardware parameters that optimize these accelerators. This information is used to run regression analysis and train mathematical models within a nonlinear optimization framework to identify the optimal algorithm and design parameters under various objectives and constraints. To automate and improve the model generation process, we propose the use of L1-regularized least squares regression techniques.We implement two real-time image processing accelerators as test cases: one for image deblurring and one for block matching. For these designs, we demonstrate that by sampling only a small fraction of the design space (0.42p and 1.1p), our modeling techniques are accurate within 2p--4p for area and throughput, 8p--9p for power, and 5p--6p for arithmetic accuracy. We show speedups of 340× and 90× in time for the test cases compared to brute-force enumeration. We also identify the optimal set of parameters for a number of scenarios (e.g., minimizing power under arithmetic inaccuracy bounds).
High-Activity Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Allele is More Prevalent in Polysubstance Abusers

Allelic variants at the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) locus are candidates to contribute to genetic components of interindividual differences in vulnerability to substance abuse. COMT plays a prominent role in dopaminergic circuits important for drug reward, and COMT alleles encode enzymes whose activities vary from three- to four-fold. We compared COMT allele frequencies in control research volunteers reporting insignificant lifetime use of addictive substances with those in volunteers reporting substantial polysubstance use. Homozygosity for the high-activity COMT allele was found in 18% of controls, 31% of volunteers with high lifetime substance use, and 39% meeting DSMIII-R substance abuse criteria [odds ratio (relative risks) 2.0 (control vs. use; 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.5; P < 0.013) and 2.8 (control vs. DSM; 1.3-6.1; P < 0.008)]. Individuals with the high-activity COMT variant may have greater genetic vulnerability to drug abuse.
Left main coronary artery compression syndrome and spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Coincidence or pathologic association?

Left main coronary artery compression syndrome (LMCS) in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an unusual, and often a missed cause of exertional angina. Spontaneous coronary dissection (SCD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome of unknown etiology, with predilection to women in the 20s-40s. Weather the co-presence of LMCS and SCD in certain patients is a coincidence or of pathological significance is not known. The optimal management strategy of each of these conditions remains controversial. We report a case of SCD in a patient with PAH and LMCS, successfully treated with conservative medical therapy.
A small CD11b+ human B1 cell subpopulation stimulates T cells and is expanded in lupus

A primary function of B lymphocytes is immunoglobulin production; however, the therapeutic benefit of B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases previously thought to be T cell mediated suggests that some B cells fulfill other roles in autoimmunity. We examined the recently identified human B1 cell population for T cell stimulatory activity. We found two kinds of B1 cells that are distinguished by multiple surface markers and distinct transcriptomic profiles. In both umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood, a CD11b+ subset constitutes ∼1 out of every 8–10 B1 cells, whereas a CD11b− subset constitutes the remaining B1 cells. These B1 cell populations differ functionally. CD11b− B1 cells spontaneously secrete much more IgM than CD11b+ B1 cells. In contrast, CD11b+ B1 cells express more CD86, and more efficiently stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cell expansion, than CD11b− B1 cells. The frequency of these CD11b+ B1 cells is markedly elevated in lupus patients. CD11b+ B1 cells in lupus patients express more CD86 and have increased T cell–stimulating activity in disease. This work distinguishes a novel, T cell–interacting B1 cell population whose abundance and activity may be a reflection of, and a therapeutic target in, autoimmune disease.
Unilateral gain of heterojunction bipolar transistors at microwave frequencies

General expressions for the h parameters of small-signal equivalent circuit models for emitter-up and emitter-down heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are derived. The unilateral gain U is calculated from these h parameters for InGaAs/InAlAs n-p-n HBTs. When the device parasitics are sufficiently reduced, the unilateral gain is found to exhibit a resonance behavior at high frequencies that deviates from the traditionally assumed 6-dB/octave roll-off. This unusual behavior in the unilateral gain is found to be caused by the appearance of negative output conductance of the device in certain bands of frequencies. The occurrence of the negative output conductance is shown to be a transit-time effect, and its implication for the device performance at high frequencies is discussed. >
Investigation and impact of oxygen plasma compositions on cubic ZnMgO grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

ZnMgO thin films were grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on closely-lattice-matched MgO substrates with a Radio-Frequency (RF) generated oxygen plasma. The impact on the cubic ZnMgO of oxygen flow rate and applied RF power was investigated under a high vacuum condition (1E-6 Torr). Optical Emission Spectroscopy identified active species in the plasma including O, O + , and O þ 2 . The emission intensity of these species was compared at oxygen flow rates ranging from 0.5 sccm to 2.5 sccm and applied RF powers from 150 W to 500 W. Plasma composition at operating conditions was determined by correlating changes in optical emission to changes in relative concentration of active species in the plasma. Atomic Force Microscopy and profilometry characterized changes in surface roughness and growth rate of produced films. Independently increasing flow rate and RF power increased growth rate while simultaneously decreasing roughness. Growth rate enhancement of 80% was achieved with an improvement in surface roughness from 7.5 nm to 3.3 nm in a 1 lm square. Optimal conditions are discussed for ZnMgO thin film epitaxy. 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Respecting the autonomy of european and american consumers: Defending positive labels on gm foods

In her recent article, “Does autonomy count in favor of labeling genetically modified food?,” Kirsten Hansen argues that in Europe, voluntary negative labeling of non-GM foods respects consumer autonomy just as well as mandatory positive labeling of foods with GM content. She also argues that because negative labeling places labeling costs upon those consumers that want to know whether food is GM, negative labeling is better policy than positive labeling. In this paper, we argue that Hansen’s arguments are mistaken in several respects. Most importantly, she underestimates the demands of respecting autonomy and overestimates the cost of positive labeling. Moreover, she mistakenly implies that only a small minority of people desire information about GM content. We also explore the extent to which her arguments would apply to the US context, and argue that any discussion of the relationship between autonomy and labeling should include not just considerations of consumer autonomy but also considerations of what we call citizen autonomy.
Religion as Moderator of the Depression-Health Connection: Findings From a Longitudinal Study

This study used a representative community-based sample of men and women born in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1920s to investigate the long-term relations between religiousness, spirituality, ...
Time for a New Mission in Hospitality Education

(1993). Time for a New Mission in Hospitality Education. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 61-62.
On the interaction between data aggregation and topology control in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are characterized by limited energy resources. To conserve energy, application-specific aggregation (fusion) of data reports from multiple sensors can be beneficial in reducing the amount of data flowing over the network. Furthermore, controlling the topology by scheduling the activity of nodes between active and sleep modes has often been used to uniformly distribute the energy consumption among all nodes by de-synchronizing their activities. We present an integrated analytical model to study the joint performance of in-network aggregation and topology control. We define performance metrics that capture the tradeoffs among delay, energy, and fidelity of the aggregation. Our results indicate that to achieve high fidelity levels under medium to high event reporting load, shorter and fatter aggregation/routing trees (toward the sink) offer the best delay-energy tradeoff as long as topology control is well coordinated with routing.
Computed tomographic appearance of choanal atresia in an alpaca cria.

A 6-hour-old alpaca cria was admitted for evaluation of respiratory distress since birth. Contrast radiography confirmed the presence of bilateral choanal atresia, and computed tomography (CT) evaluation was planned to aid in the surgical treatment. Due to deterioration in the cria's condition, euthanasia was performed prior to the CT examination. Postmortem CT examination was performed to determine the appearance of choana) atresia. The embryology and CT appearance of choanal atresia is discussed.
DEFECTS IN GaAs GROWN ON Ge SUBSTRATES

The growth of polar semiconducting materials on non-polar semiconducting substrates is illustrated by experimental observations of GaAs grown on Ge substrates and on Ge epilayers which had been grown on Si substrates. The GaAs epilayers are grown in each case by metal-organic, vapor-phase deposition. The GaAs/Ge heterophase junction, the grain boundaries in GaAs grown on {110} Ge and on {001} Ge/Si composit substrates and the anti-phase boundaries in GaAs grown on {001} Ge substrates are each illustated. The interfaces have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and reveal the pronounced faceting of the anti-phase boundaries in GaAs. Also demonstrated experimentally is the strong interaction between dislocations/grain boundaries and these anti-phase boundaries.