cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Hemodynamic Response Function in fMRI: Efficiency, Bias and Mis-modeling

Most brain research to date have focused on studying the amplitude of evoked fMRI responses, though there has recently been an increased interest in measuring onset, peak latency and duration of the responses as well. A number of modeling procedures provide measures of the latency and duration of fMRI responses. In this work we compare several techniques that vary in their assumptions, model complexity, and interpretation. For each method, we introduce methods for estimating amplitude, peak latency, and duration and for performing inference in a multi-subject fMRI setting. We then assess the techniques' relative sensitivity and their propensity for mis-attributing task effects on one parameter (e.g., duration) to another (e.g., amplitude). Finally, we introduce methods for quantifying model misspecification and assessing bias and power-loss related to the choice of model. Overall, the results show that it is surprisingly difficult to accurately recover true task-evoked changes in BOLD signal and that there are substantial differences among models in terms of power, bias and parameter confusability. Because virtually all fMRI studies in cognitive and affective neuroscience employ these models, the results bear on the interpretation of hemodynamic response estimates across a wide variety of psychological and neuroscientific studies.
Monasticism and Reform in Book IV of Bede's ‘Ecclesiastical History of the English People’

The reform of the Northumbrian Church constitutes a predominant theme in much that Bede wrote in his later years. Recent analyses of his later biblical commentaries have confirmed this, although a tendency remains to treat his historiographic masterpiece, theEcclesiastical history of the English people, completed in c. 731, as only aloofly reformist in outlook. This article contests such a view through an analysis of the narrative and characters of book iv, which when scrutinised can be seen to amplify some of the key reform-oriented issues voiced in Bede's last and most openly reformist work, theLetter to Egbert.
The retrospectroscope-the invention of the rechargeable cardiac pacemaker: vignette Hash 9

The idea for a rechargeable cardiac pacemaker came to the author in the late 1960s after reading an advertisement stating that a company's batteries were so good they would last two years in a heart pacemaker. This meant that pacemaker patients would have to undergo surgery for their replacement frequently. Having worked on the development of hermetically sealed, nickel-cadmium batteries that could function for a decade or longer in an orbiting spacecraft, the author constructed the first prototype of a rechargeable cardiac pacemaker around 1968 to show cardiologists at Johns Hopkins Hospital that a pacemaker of indefinitely long life and much smaller size and weight could be built readily. The subsequent development and marketing of the device, which came on the market in 1973, is recounted. >
Should Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley try to get half price on the TARP warrants

The cancellation provisions in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) warrant agreements loom large for the investment banks Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley in the summer of 2009. These banks could gain hundreds of millions of dollars by issuing equity to satisfy the cancellation provisions of the TARP warrant agreements. Nevertheless, they could maximize the value of these provisions by postponing an equity issuance if they could afford to wait until December of 2009 to unwind the TARP investments.
DIALECTICAL JURISPRUDENCE: ARISTOTLE AND THE CONCEPT OF LAW

This article offers a therapy for modern analytic legal philosophy’s bipolar disorder, a disorder manifested in the tendency to approach and analyze philosophical topics as dueling dichotomies, incapable of resolution or reconciliation. The upshot of this situation has been the division of Anglo-American legal philosophy into two warring camps – positivist and non-positivist. Through an examination of puzzles involving conceptual analysis and legal rules, this article suggests a dialectical alternative to the bipolar disorder, an alternative inspired by Aristotle’s practical philosophy. This dialectical jurisprudence seeks to change the pursuit of the nature of law from a search for necessary and sufficient conditions to an illumination of the continuities between important elements of law.
Nudge: An Application in Retirement Planning

This paper reviews principles of behavioral finance as applicable to retirement withdrawal planning, discusses common retirement planning problems, reviews relevant law, and proposes an application of Thaler and Sunstein’s NUDGE (2008). The paper includes a proposal for modification of federal retirement plan law to encourage behavior which will lead to reduced risk of ruin for retirees and concludes with the implications for retirees, the federal government, and financial institutions.
Molecular sled sequences are common in mammalian proteins

Recent work revealed a new class of molecular machines called molecular sleds, which are small basic molecules that bind and slide along DNA with the ability to carry cargo along DNA. Here, we performed biochemical and single-molecule flow stretching assays to investigate the basis of sliding activity in molecular sleds. In particular, we identified the functional core of pVIc, the first molecular sled characterized; peptide functional groups that control sliding activity; and propose a model for the sliding activity of molecular sleds. We also observed widespread DNA binding and sliding activity among basic polypeptide sequences that implicate mammalian nuclear localization sequences and many cell penetrating peptides as molecular sleds. These basic protein motifs exhibit weak but physiologically relevant sequence-nonspecific DNA affinity. Our findings indicate that many mammalian proteins contain molecular sled sequences and suggest the possibility that substantial undiscovered sliding activity exists among nuclear mammalian proteins.
'No Place to Live: The Housing Crisis Facing Youth Aging-Out of Foster Care'

Introduction to national symposium on the housing crisis facing youth aging out of foster care.
ALLOZYMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN POPULATION SAMPLES OF RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROW, ZONOTRICHIA CAPENSIS, IN RELATION TO VOCAL DIALECTS.

Zonotrichia capensis, the rufous-collared sparrow or chingolo, has a very wide distribution; it is found from southern Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, from sea level to over 4000 m and from rain forest edges to desert scrub. Hence it has been an attractive subject for studies of variation, for example subspecific taxonomy, breeding strategies and moult patterns (Chapman, 1940; Miller, 1961; Miller and Miller, 1968; Wolf, 1969; Davis, 1971; King, 1972a, 1973a, 1973b). In addition, work has been carried out on the geographical variation of its song (Nottebohm, 1969, 1975; Egli, 1971; King, 1972b; Nottebohm and Nottebohm, in press) and on song ontogeny. A pilot experiment by Egli (1971) suggests that the song of Z. capensis is learned by reference to auditory information acquired during the first 40 days after hatching. This result is in agreement with earlier observations on song ontogeny in a close relative, the North American whitecrowned sparrow, Z. leucophrys, which also shows local dialects (Marler and Tamura, 1962, 1964). Over most of its range the song of the rufous-collared sparrow is composed of one to five usually dissimilar introductory whistles, followed by a series of identical repetitions of another, usually briefer note. The introductory whistles often vary considerably between individuals singing at the same locality, and determine the "theme" sung by each bird. The terminal trill can remain relatively homogeneous
Bacteriologic Studies in Myasthenia Gravis

SummaryA constant hyperglycemic blood sugar level of about 215 mg. % is attained in about 2 weeks after removal of the tail, body, and most of the head portion of the pancreas of month-old rats. Hypophysectomy restores the blood sugar level to about 98 mg. % which is in the normal range (102 mg. %). Hypophysectomy without pancreatectomy results in hypoglycemia unless sugar additional to that used in the diet of normal rats is added.
Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcome following Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Objectives:Revision ACL reconstruction has been documented to have worse outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstructions. The reasons why remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determi...
An AID/Logit Procedure for Analyzing Large Multiway Contingency Tables:

A two-step procedure is described in which AID is applied first to a multiway contingency table to isolate those variables (and levels within variable) that best account for variance in the criteri...
Loss of red blood cell glutathione during Mg deficiency: prevention by vitamin E, D-propranolol, and chloroquine

Mg deficiency results in loss of red blood cell glutathione and was thought to be due to decreased Mg-dependent synthesis. The effects of vitamin E, D-propranolol, and chloroquine on red blood cell glutathione levels in Mg-deficient rats were examined. Feeding the rats a Mg-deficient diet for 3 wk resulted in an approximately 80% decrease in serum Mg and a 55% loss of red blood cell glutathione; concomitantly, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBAR) materials rose 240%. All three drug treatments had no effect on the plasma Mg levels but significantly inhibited the rise in TBAR content and attenuated (60-80% effective) the loss of glutathione. Red blood cell ghost membranes from the Mg-deficient rats also exhibited 2.3-fold higher TBAR content, which was attenuated by vitamin E treatment. With isolated red blood cells from Mg-sufficient rats, loss of glutathione could be induced by a chemical oxyradical system. Direct protective effects were afforded by alpha-tocopherol and D-propranolol but not by chloroquine. The data suggest that 1) the loss of glutathione during Mg deficiency was due to increased oxidative degradation, 2) both vitamin E and D-propranolol protected by a membrane antiperoxidative action, and 3) chloroquine probably protected by diminishing prooxidant activity secondary to its inhibition of cytokine induction during Mg deficiency.
Invariance of the resistance to venous return to carotid sinus baroreflex control

Despite the well-established fact that the carotid sinus baroreflex system has profound control over the physical properties of the systemic circulation, the resistance to venous return (RVR) seems to be invariant of such control. We hypothesized that this apparent paradox may be explained from the baroreflex changes in systemic arterial compliance. In 12 pentobarbital-anesthetized mongrel dogs, RVR was measured at controlled carotid sinus pressures (CSP) of 50 and 200 mmHg with normal and artificially increased arterial compliance. Arterial compliance was determined from the arterial pressure decay when systemic blood flow was stopped with total vena caval occlusion. Changing CSP between 50 and 200 mmHg changed RVR significantly only under the condition of artificially increased arterial compliance. A four-parameter lumped model of the systemic circulation revealed that the baroreflex changes in arterial compliance and arterial resistance, which occurred in opposite directions, prevented a change in RVR when CSP was changed. The data also suggested that approximately 75% of RVR was attributed to large and conduit veins, the resistances along which were insensitive to baroreflex control. We concluded that the invariance of RVR results from a combination of 1) baroreflex change in the arterial compliance, 2) baroreflex insensitivity of the resistance along large and conduit veins, and 3) spatially distinct location between the major site of reflex change in capacitance and the major site of compliance.
Mechanisms of H2O2-mediated injury to type II cell surfactant metabolism and protection with PEG-catalase

Alterations in type II pneumocyte function, including surfactant biosynthesis, may play a significant role in the development and pathophysiology of oxidant-induced lung injury. The results of this study showed that type II cells exposed to 50-300 microM H2O2 demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis with only minimal changes in cell viability. The activities of the choline-phosphate cytidyltransferase and cholinephosphotransferase, specific enzymes of PC synthesis, were not significantly decreased by the exposure. However, the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, a sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme involved in an early stage of phospholipid synthesis, was decreased by the exposures in a manner that was similar to that seen for PC synthesis. Further studies showed that incubation of type II cells with polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase for 1 h resulted in an increase in the cell-associated catalase activity (53 +/- 5 vs. 6.7 +/- 1.5 units/mg protein for controls). Confocal microscopy analysis showed that a significant portion of this activity was located intracellularly. More importantly, these cells were protected from changes in PC synthesis rates when subsequently incubated with 300 microM H2O2. These results indicate that the deleterious effects of H2O2 on type II cell surfactant synthesis may be pharmacologically modified in vitro, a concept that may have utility with regard to the modulation of in vivo lung injuries.
Vicarious resilience in sexual assault and domestic violence advocates.

OBJECTIVE: There is little research related to sexual assault and domestic violence advocates' experiences, with the bulk of the literature focused on stressors and systemic barriers that negatively impact efforts to assist survivors. However, advocates participating in these studies have also emphasized the positive impact they experience consequent to their work. This study explores the positive impact. METHOD: Vicarious resilience, personal trauma experiences, peer relational quality, and perceived organizational support in advocates (n = 222) are examined. Also, overlap among the conceptual components of vicarious resilience is explored. RESULTS: The first set of multiple regressions showed that personal trauma experiences and peer relational health predicted compassion satisfaction and vicarious posttraumatic growth, with organizational support predicting only compassion satisfaction. The second set of multiple regressions showed that (a) there was significant shared variance between vicarious posttraumatic growth and compassion satisfaction; (b) after accounting for vicarious posttraumatic growth, organizational support accounted for significant variance in compassion satisfaction; and (c) after accounting for compassion satisfaction, peer relational health accounted for significant variance in vicarious posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that it may be more meaningful to conceptualize advocates' personal growth related to their work through the lens of a multidimensional construct such as vicarious resilience. Organizational strategies promoting vicarious resilience (e.g., shared organizational power, training components) are offered, and the value to trauma-informed care of fostering advocates' vicarious resilience is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Evaluation and treatment of the burned child.

Burns are second only to vehicular trauma in the category of accidental killers. Current principles of initial burn therapy are discussed in addition to the pathophysiologic changes upon which these principles are based since improved patient management contributes significantly to improved survival.
Finding a Peace that Lasts Mediator Leverage and the Durable Resolution of Civil Wars

How does leverage vary across different mediators? What influence does this variation have on mediation outcomes? Extant literature has equated mediation leverage with material power. Leverage, how...
Relativistic Concepts in the STA

The STA makes it possible to formulate and analyze conventional relativistic physics in an invariant form without reference to a coordinate system.
Foods, Food Dyes, and Allergies

In our previous challenge with the artificially colored cookies, we found some evidence that the active cookies produced more behavior problems in the children than the placebo cookies. This effect was rather small, however, and limited to a few subjects, some of whom were not especially diet-responsive or hyperactive to begin with. Although Dr. Feingold’s position has changed from his initial belief that the reaction is allergic, the small number of children actually demonstrating the effect is consistent with the idea that only a few sensitive children react adversely to the artificial food dyes. We decided, therefore, to consider the possibility that the children have some allergic response to other food substances or to the food dyes.
Effects of habitat suitability and minimum patch size thresholds on the assessment of landscape connectivity for jaguars in the Sierra Gorda, Mexico

Abstract Maintaining habitat and its connectivity is a major conservation goal, especially for large carnivores. Assessments of habitat connectivity are typically based on the output of habitat suitability models to first map potential habitat, and then identify where corridors exist. This requires separating habitat from non- habitat, thus one must choose specific thresholds for both habitat suitability and the minimum patch size that can be occupied. The selection of these thresholds is often arbitrary, and the effects of threshold choice on assessments of connectivity are largely unknown. We sought to quantify how habitat-suitability and patch-size thresholds influence connectivity assessments for jaguars ( Panthera onca ) in the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve in central Mexico. We modeled potential habitat for jaguars using the species distribution modeling algorithm Maxent, and assessed potential habitat connectivity with the landscape connectivity software Conefor Sensinode. We repeated these analyses for 45 combinations of habitat suitability based thresholds and minimum patch sizes. Our results indicated that the thresholds influenced connectivity assessments greatly, and different combinations of the two thresholds yielded vastly different map configurations of suitable habitat for jaguars. We developed an approach to identify the pair of thresholds that best matched the jaguar occurrence points based on the connectivity scores. Among the combinations that we tested, a threshold of 0.3 for habitat suitability and 2 km 2 for minimum patch size produced the best fit (area under the curve = 0.9). Surprisingly, we found low suitable habitat for jaguars in most of the core areas of the reserve according to our best potential habitat model, but highly suitable areas in the buffer zones and just outside of the reserve. We conclude that the best and most connected potential areas for jaguar habitat are in the central eastern part of the Sierra Gorda. More broadly, landscape connectivity analyses appears to be highly sensitive to the thresholds used to identify suitable habitat, and we recommend conducting sensitivity analyses as introduced here to identify the optimal combination of thresholds.
Clinical role of fluorescence imaging in colorectal surgery - a review.

Introduction: Anastomotic leak (AL) after colorectal surgery is a devastating complication; decreased blood perfusion is an important risk factor. Surgeons rely on subjective measures to assess bow...
The Bacteriomes of Ileal Mucosa and Cecal Content of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis

The gastrointestinal (GI) bacteriome of poultry is important in host nutrition and health, but its diversity and composition remain poorly characterized. In this study we phylogenetically characterized the bacteriome in the cecal contents and ileal mucosa of chickens and turkeys using metagenomics empowered by pyrosequencing technique. >95% coverage of bacterial diversity was achieved except for the turkey ileal mucosa. Collectively, 3,401 and 125 operational taxonomy units (OTU, defined at a 0.03 phylogenetic distance) in chicken, and 1,687 and 16 OTUs in turkey were identified from the cecal content and the ileal mucosa, respectively. Besides those previously reported, 39 and 50 additional genera of bacteria were identified in the chicken and turkey cecal bacteriome, respectively. Although the GI bacteriomes of the same region in both species exhibited greater similarity than the bacteriomes of different regions within each species, broiler chickens and turkeys harbor a distinct intestinal bacteriome. Such difference may suggest different dietary interventions for bacteriome modulation for enhanced nutrient utilization and gut health. The results may also be useful in developing prebiotics, probiotics, and analytical tools (e.g., phylochips). We also determined the variation in the number of OTUs and variability between two independent pyrosequencing runs and two data processing pipelines.
Developing a scale of domains of negative consequences of chronic heroin use.

Background Chronic use of heroin typically leads to numerous negative life consequences and serious clinical impairment. Increased negative consequences can result in poor treatment outcomes as well as adverse health effects and impaired social functioning. Certain risk factors, including early substance use initiation, concurrent use of other illicit substances, and injection drug use are associated with an increase in negative consequences. This study examined whether there are unique domains of heroin consequences and, if so, whether these domains are related to specific substance use characteristics.
The Intersections of Science and Practice: Examples From FitnessGram® Programming

ABSTRACTThe FitnessGram® program has provided teachers with practical tools to enhance physical education programming. A key to the success of the program has been the systematic application of science to practice. Strong research methods have been used to develop assessments and standards for use in physical education, but consideration has also been given to ensure that programming meets the needs of teachers, students, parents, and other stakeholders. This essay summarizes some of these complex and nuanced intersections between science and practice with the FitnessGram® program. The commentaries are organized into 5 brief themes: science informing practice; practice informing science; balancing science and practice; promoting evidence-based practice; and the integration of science and practice. The article draws on personal experiences with the FitnessGram® program and is prepared based on comments shared during the 37th Annual C. H. McCloy Research Lecture at the 2017 SHAPE America – Society of Health...
Selective area formation of arsenic oxide-rich octahedral microcrystals during photochemical etching of n-type GaAs

We demonstrate how to spatially localize the formation of octahedral arsenic oxide microcrystals in selective areas of highly doped n-type GaAs substrates during rapid digital projection photochemical (PC) etching with sulfuric acid. We captured a time lapse video that shows that these crystal-like octahedral structures grow to various sizes ranging from 5 µm to 100 µm. By conducting a series of different studies, we identified the etch rate, the area of illumination, the acid type, and the substrate quality as major factors that affect crystal formation. In particular, we observed that the structures only formed in the high etch rate illuminated regions of the wafer. Moreover, they only formed when the area of illumination was adequately large. The structures formed but then partially dissolved when hydrochloric acid was used. Lastly, we observed the growth of individual microcrystals for prime grade wafers but the formation of a network of microcrystalline features for mechanical grade wafers.
Preparation of interstrand cross-linked DNA oligonucleotide duplexes

Reaction of cellular DNA with environmental and chemotherapeutic agents can give rise to a variety of lesions including interstrand cross-links. Because interstrand cross-links can prevent DNA strand separation and thus DNA transcription and replication, they represent a serious impediment to cell survival. Cells have developed mechanisms to repair interstrand cross-links in their DNA and in the case of tumor cells, this can lead to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Efforts to investigate the mechanisms by which interstrand cross-links are repaired have been hampered by the difficulty of preparing sufficient quantities of well characterized substrates for physical and biochemical studies. This review will describe synthetic strategies that have been developed to synthesize short DNA oligonucleotide duplexes that contain interstrand cross-links. These short duplexes can be used to study the effects of the cross-link on DNA structure or they can be ligated with larger DNA molecules to produce substrates for repair studies. This review will focus on examples of cross-linked duplexes that have been designed specifically to further our understanding of interstrand cross-link structure and repair.
29-OR : THE PRESENTATION OF HIV PEPTIDE LIGANDS BY HLA-A*11:01

Aim Class I HLA reveal virus-derived peptide ligands to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) whose function is to eliminate infected cells. The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) database reports numerous HIV-1 CTL epitopes characterized by various methods. To date, none have elicited protective immunity when tested in a vaccine. Our aim was to gather HLA-A*11:01 from HIV infected cells to identify viral ligands presented directly by HLA. An HLA-based view of HIV ligand presentation to CTL might enhance therapies directed against HIV. Methods Soluble class I HLA-A*11:01 (sHLA) was gathered from HIV-1 (NL4-3)-infected human CD4+ SUP-T1 cells. sHLA harvested from infected cells was immunoaffinity purified, then bound ligands were recovered, fractionated by RP-HPLC and mapped by tandem mass spectrometry. A*11:01 peptide maps from HIV-1 infected cells were compared to maps from uninfected as well as to maps of LANL’s 15 best characterized HLA-A11-restricted ligands. Results The HLA-A*11:01 of HIV-infected cells bound seven viral peptides. Three ligands (2 HIV Nef; 1 HIV polymerase) were previously reported in the LANL’s A*11:01 CTL target database. However, twelve LANL-reported HIV epitopes are definitively absent from the A*11:01 of infected SUP-T1 cells. Beyond what has been previously reported, we detect two Gag variants with partial homology to LANL sequences, a Nef 10mer variant, and a novel Nef-derived epitope not previously reported. Conclusions This is the first study to identify HIV/HLA peptides isolated from infected cells. An HLA-centric approach shows that class I HLA samples a handful of HIV ligands for presentation to CTL. New ligands found by our method provide a view of HIV infection not available using other approaches, and absence of most LANL ligands suggests that not all CTL targets are presented by infected cells. Identification of HIV ligands consistently displayed by HLA class I can improve vaccine strategies, and HLA-based methods are available to detect these promising targets.
Origins of material loss in highly worn acetabular cups of metal-on-metal total hip replacements.

Excessive wear has been one of the major failure modes of metal-on-metal hip implants. From a collection of 541 retrieved ASR metal-on-metal implants, we selected those head-cup pairs with combined wear >100 mm3 , (N = 42) to assess the distributions of wear volume on cups, and non-conformance in the worn areas at the head-cup interfaces. All 42 had severe cup edge wear (average maximum wear depth 500 μm). On average, 58% of wear volume of cups occurred at the edge areas, whereas 42% occurred well inside the socket, indicating that substantial wear volume of cups was generated well inside the socket. Particularly, in eight cups, more than half of the wear volume occurred well inside the socket. The head-cup conformance in the worn areas was deteriorated. On average, in worn areas, head-cup clearance was approximately eight times greater than in unworn areas, and the sphericity of heads and cups was approximately 36 times and 84 times higher, respectively, than in unworn areas. The radius of curvature of the worn surfaces of heads and cups varied widely, with an average variation of 3 mm (0.6-7 mm) and 11 mm (2-47 mm) for heads and cups, respectively. The severely deteriorated conformance at the edge areas and the areas well inside the socket, due to edge contact, could be the major factor for excessive wear of these 42 pairs. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Problematizing School Discipline and Struggling for Verstehen

This chapter reflects on an ethnographic case study examining the institutional culture underpinning school discipline and punishment. More specifically, it offers personal experiences related to the interpretive process of gaining verstehen—an empathetic understanding that is fundamental to ethnographic and qualitative work. In doing so, it highlights that the process of appreciating lived experiences, emotive frameworks, and individual motivations may be much more dynamic and complex than often written about in texts, publications, and peer-reviewed articles. This chapter also discusses how the relationship between the researcher and research topic can impact processes of understanding. Lastly, it concludes by outlining the significance of ethnographic methods and empathy for criminological research, policy implications, and opportunities for change.
Matters of Form: Questions of Race, Identity, Design, and the U.S. Census

This case examines how functionalist approaches manifest culturally based on users’ contexts. The authors conduct a critical visual semiotic analysis of the race and Hispanic origin questions on th...
Impact of the wiggler coherent synchrotron radiation impedance on the beam instability and damping ring optimization

Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) can play an important role by not only increasing the energy spread and emittance of a beam, but also leading to a potential instability. Previous studies of the CSR induced longitudinal instability were carried out for the CSR impedance due to dipole magnets. However, many storage rings include long wigglers where a large fraction of the synchrotron radiation is emitted. This includes high-luminosity factories such as DAPHNE, PEP-II, KEK-B, and CESR-C as well as the damping rings of future linear colliders. In this paper, the instability due to the CSR impedance from a wiggler is studied assuming a large wiggler parameter $K$. The primary consideration is a low-frequency microwavelike instability, which arises near the pipe cutoff frequency. Detailed results are presented on the growth rate and threshold for the damping rings of several linear collider designs. The different scaling between the wiggler CSR impedance and the dipole CSR impedance suggests an optimization for the damping ring design.
Uterine Fibroids, Race, Ethnicity, and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Uterine fibroids are the cause of significant morbidity for women particularly women of racial and ethnic minorities. This review seeks to draw connections between fibroids and another cause of morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular disease. Fibroids are the most common neoplasm affecting women as well as the most common reason for undergoing hysterectomy. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the USA, and heart disease and stroke disproportionately impact women of racial and ethnic minorities. Prospective studies in the last several years have revealed a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other clinical and subclinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease in women with fibroids. Study of the clinical and subclinical manifestations of each disease state may set the foundation for both preventative and therapeutic interventions.
Reexamining the Influence of Conditional Cash Transfers on Migration From a Gendered Lens

Past research on the influence of conditional cash transfers—widespread antipoverty programs—on migration has tended to focus on beneficiaries as a homogenous unit. Drawing on feminist critiques of the contemporary international antipoverty agenda, this article views both conditional cash transfer programs and migration patterns from a gender-sensitive lens. Conditional cash transfers rely on a gendered division of labor in which the informal work of women is particularly called upon in order to fulfill program requirements. This work contends that conditional cash transfers emphasize gender responsibilities for women as mothers and caretakers, which mark their belonging in the domestic sphere and limit the likelihood of their migration while making no such demands on beneficiary men or nonbeneficiaries. Using logistic and multinomial logistic regression models and data from the Mexican Family Life Survey, the analysis finds evidence supporting the hypothesis that conditional cash transfer participation disproportionately limits migration for beneficiary women. This study broadly argues that the impact of such antipoverty programs is more gendered than previously thought and emphasizes the importance of examining previously studied outcomes in ways that consider the specific subject locations of recipients in order to better understand both the logics underlying development policy and the process of migration itself.
Blood, Lust, and the Virgin Queen: Helen Mirren’s Elizabeth I

Robison argues that Elizabeth I is the most plausible, coherent, and aesthetically satisfying among recent filmic depictions of the Virgin Queen. However, Helen Mirren’s brilliant performance, the outstanding supporting cast, the attention to period detail (especially costuming), the subtle treatment of Elizabeth’s struggle with lust, and the seeming realism of bloody punishments can lead viewers to overlook numerous historical inaccuracies, particularly the excessive focus on the queen’s largely imaginary romances with the Earls of Leicester and Essex. Yet for these very reasons, the film can be a valuable teaching tool when considered in conjunction with current scholarship.
"I'm Putting My Trust in Their Hands": A Qualitative Study of Patients' Views on Clinician Initial Communication About Lung Cancer Screening.

Background Lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose CT imaging is recommended for people at high risk of dying of lung cancer. Communication strategies for clinicians have been recommended, but their influence on patient-centered outcomes is unclear. Research Question How do patients experience communication and decision-making with clinicians when offered LCS? Study Design and Methods We performed semistructured interviews with 51 patients from three institutions with established LCS programs. We focused on communication domains such as information exchange, patient as person, and shared decision-making. Using conventional content analysis, we report on patients’ assessment of information, reasons for (dis)satisfaction, distress, and role in the decision-making process. Results Participants recalled few specific harms or benefits of screening, but uniformly reported satisfaction with the amount of information provided. All participants reported that clinicians did not explicitly ask about their values and preferences and about one-half reported some distress in anticipation of screening results. Almost all participants were satisfied with their role in the decision-making process. Despite participants’ reporting that they did not experience all aspect of shared decision-making as defined, they reported high levels of trust in clinicians, which may relate to their largely positive reactions to the LCS decision interaction through the patient as person domain of communication. Interpretation Although decision-making for lung cancer screening as currently practiced may not meet all criteria of high-quality communication, patients in our sample are satisfied with the process, and report high trust in clinicians. Patients may place greater importance on interpersonal aspects of communication rather than information exchange.
Thiocyanation and 2-Amino-1,3-thiazole Formation in Water Using Recoverable and Reusable Glycosylated Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands.

A family of three spatially directional resorcin[4]­arene cavitand glycoconjugates (RCGs) have been applied as efficient recoverable and reusable inverse phase transfer catalysts for eco- and environmentally friendly thiocyanation and 2-amino-1,3-thiazole formation reactions in water. The results show that RCGs (1 mol %) were capable of hosting and catalyzing various water-insoluble bromo/thiocyanato substrates in water without the use of any co-organic solvents. The recoverability and reusability of RCG catalytic systems, that is, RCG1 and RCG3, were also examined upon a simple extraction of the desired products using DCM or ethyl acetate, followed by subjecting the recovered aqueous solution containing the RCG catalysts to the next reaction cycles.
Does Demolition Lead to a Reduction in Nearby Crime Associated With Abandoned Properties

Scholars argue that housing abandonment increases area criminal activity. The link between abandoned properties and crime has led to the assumption that demolition of abandoned properties will stym...
OpenRTiST: End-to-End Benchmarking for Edge Computing

The growth of edge computing depends on large-scale deployments of edge infrastructure. Benchmarking applications are needed to compare the performance across different edge deployments and against device-only and cloud-only implementations. In this article, we present OpenRTiST, an open-source application that is simultaneously compute-intensive, bandwidth-hungry, and latency-sensitive. It implements a form of augmented reality that lets you “see the world through the eyes of an artist.” We compare end-to-end application latency over varying network conditions and measure performance across a variety of edge platforms. OpenRTiST is designed to be easily deployed and has been used to showcase the benefits of edge computing.
Nasal dorsum reconstruction after pediatric nasal dermoid excision.

Abstract Background To review our experience with pediatric nasal dermoids, and discuss reconstructive options for the nasal dorsum after pediatric nasal dermoid removal. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric nasal dermoid cases from January 1 2005 through October 1 2016. Results Twenty-five cases (12 males, 13 females) were identified. Median age at time of surgery was 24 months (7–144). Ten nasal dermoids were superficial; eleven, intraosseous; one, intracranial extradural; three, intracranial intradural. Seven were located on the glabella; fifteen, dorsum; three, nasal tip. Twelve underwent vertical midline incision; ten underwent external rhinoplasty; and three combined approach with craniotomy. There was one recurrence four years postoperatively; which was secondarily resected completely via external rhinoplasty approach. Seven cases utilized endoscopic assistance. Conchal cartilage grafting was utilized in nine cases for dorsal reconstruction. A temporoparietal fascial graft was utilized to reconstruct the soft tissue defect in three patients. Median follow-up was 1.17 years (1 month-10 years). Conclusions Nasal dermoid is a rare congenital pathology. Recurrence rate is generally low provided that complete surgical excision is achieved. Achieving complete surgical excision means sometimes compromising the upper lateral cartilages and nasal bones. Conchal cartilage grafting is useful in reconstruction for lesions that significantly disrupt the nasal cartilages and/or nasal bones, wherein the defect is significant and osteotomies may not be sufficient. Temporoparietal fascia is a favorable adjunct for reconstructing soft tissue deficits when the skin is thin. Further studies and longer follow up are needed to adequately assess functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Mapping the Rate of Carbon Mineralization in Oman Ophiolites Using Sentinel-1 InSAR Time Series

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements reveal ground deformation following a rainfall event in the Samail Ophiolite in Oman. Due to the absence of usual tectonic and hydrologic forcings, we hypothesize that deformation is a result of chemical reactions and associated fracturing in the subsurface. When the ultramafic rocks in the ophiolite are exposed to air and water, they undergo carbonation which increases the rock volume and fractures the rock, resulting in observable ground surface uplift. A pilot study using 41 Sentinel-1 SAR images between 2016/11/15 and 2018/03/22 shows up to 4 cm of uplift in the several weeks following a major rainfall event, suggesting that carbonation is limited by rainfall. The uplift signal eventually recedes back to the noise level thus a longer time series with more rainfall events will better confirm this hypothesis. An eventual InSAR time series from 2015-present and an associated groundwater table model may improve the current estimates of CO 2 captured by the carbonation, and its rate, in ultramafic rocks.
Understanding deaf and hard-of-hearing users' interest in sign-language interaction with personal-assistant devices

Proliferation of voice-controlled personal-assistant devices poses accessibility barriers for Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) users. In this mixed interview (N=21) and survey (N=86) study, DHH American Sign Language (ASL) signers reported little experience with such devices yet strong interest if these devices could understand ASL commands. Beyond traditional uses, e.g. weather information, participants were interested in uses specific to the DHH experience, e.g. receiving alerts about sounds, triggering video calls, or requesting ASL interpretation. Participants gave examples of commands they would issue in these categories, where they would use these devices in their home, and how this interaction could be structured. This study contributes empirical knowledge of DHH signers' interest in ASL interaction with these devices, providing motivation and foundation for future research, including what to include in future datasets of videos of users giving commands in ASL, needed to create future sign-recognition technology.
Acute Myocardial Dysfunction and Hypereosinophilic Infiltrative Myocarditis Secondary to New-Onset Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Myocardial infiltration by eosinophils leads to myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in restrictive hemodynamics. We describe an uncommon presentation of eosinophilic predominant acute lymphoblastic leukemia that manifested with hypereosinophilic infiltrative myocarditis. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
Modeling Hepatitis C Elimination Among People Who Inject Drugs in New Hampshire.

Importance The success of direct-acting antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection led the World Health Organization to set elimination targets by 2030. For the United States to achieve these benchmarks, public health responses must target high-risk populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWID), a group with high rates of HCV incidence and low rates of treatment uptake. Objective To evaluate potential improvements in the HCV care cascade among PWID, focusing on improved testing, treatment uptake, and access to harm reduction. Design, setting, and participants This decision analytic model used a differential equation-based dynamic transmission model based on data from New Hampshire, an illustrative state with a large number of PWID and limited HCV treatment infrastructure. Surveillance data through 2020 was used for model parameterization, and the final analysis was conducted in May 2021. Main outcomes and measures Model forecasts of chronic HCV cases and advanced-stage HCV outcomes from 2022 to 2045. Results A total of 6 scenarios were tested: (1) the base case, (2) improved harm reduction, (3) improved testing, (4) improved treatment, (5) improved testing and treatment, and (6) improved testing, treatment, and harm reduction. All scenarios with improved testing, treatment uptake, and/or access to harm reduction were associated with decreases in forecasted HCV prevalence and HCV-associated mortality compared with the base case. Improving harm reduction, testing, and treatment individually were forecast to reduce prevalence of HCV in 2045 from 69.7% in the base case to 62.8%, 45.7%, and 35.5%, respectively. Combining treatment and testing improvements was associated with a 2045 prevalence of 0.3%; adding harm reduction improvements was associated with further reductions in prevalence forecasts (to 0.2%), with fewer total treatments (10 960 vs 13 219 from 2022-2045). Conclusions and relevance In this modeling study, no single intervention was projected to achieve World Health Organization HCV elimination targets. Scenarios with improvements in both testing and treatment were associated with a prevalence of less than 3% by 2030 and achieved elimination targets. Adding improvements in harm reduction was associated with faster reductions in prevalence and fewer treatments.
Fast Fracture: An Adiabatic Restriction on Thermally Activated Crack Propagation

Slow, isothermal, crack propagation is widely suspected to be rate controlled by thermally activated plastic deformation in the crack tip region. Adiabatic conditions are generally established in the fracture modified material at the tip of a crack during fast fracture. The temperature of this material is not the temperature of the specimen and is generally not measured during fast fracture. Thus, a complete thermodynamic description of adiabatic crack propagation data can not be made. When the slow, isothermal, crack propagation mechanisms are assumed to be operative during adiabatic crack propagation then certain predictions can be made. For example: the changes in the driving force due to temperature and rate are always in the opposite sense; there is no minimum in the driving force versus crack velocity without a change in mechanism; the temperature rise in the crack tip fracture modified material is determined mainly by the activation enthalpy for crack propagation; the interpretation of fast fracture structural steel data from simple plastic models is suspect since these materials have dissimilar isothermal temperature dependencies.
CONTRACTS Bad Checks: Provide for Civil Remedies and Defenses

The Act adds a new section to the chapter of the Code dealing with damages in contract actions to provide for a civil remedy for the payee of a dishonored check. The Act permits double damages up to a maximum of $500, a service charge, and court costs and also provides for certain affirmative defenses and waivers in an action for such damages. April 3, 1987
Strategic bankruptcy: A stakeholder management perspective

Abstract There has been growing interest in whether and when a Chapter 11 bankruptcy can be a mechanism through which firms make strategic changes that help to preserve value and overcome competitive disadvantages. Using a stakeholder management perspective, this paper examines the influence of firm characteristics on the likelihood of filing for Chapter 11, subsequently emerging from bankruptcy, and the number of years in bankruptcy. Theoretical predictions are tested in a study of publicly traded firms from 1980–99. Intangible assets and assets that can be efficiently sold in bankruptcy positively influence the likelihood that a firm will file for Chapter 11 and reorganize in a shorter number of years. Further, unfavorable executory contracts with primary stakeholders, a previously unexplored area, positively influence a firm's likelihood of both filing and reorganizing in bankruptcy. These findings are consistent with a stakeholder view of strategic bankruptcy.