cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal tolerance of larvae of Pollicipes elegans , a marine species with an antitropical distribution

For the antitropical gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes elegans, population-specific physiological temperature tolerance of larvae may serve as a barrier to larval dispersal across the warmest regions of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Thermal tolerance ranges of larvae of three different populations of P. elegans sampled in 2011 and 2012 (Mexico [MX], El Salvador [ES], and Peru [PE]) were investigated by measuring three indicators of physiological performance: swimming activity, oxygen consumption, and lethality or LT50. The thermal tolerance profiles, which include measurable optimum (maximum aerobic performance), pejus (“getting worse”) and pessimum (worst aerobic performance) ranges, of larvae from the three populations were consistent with their characteristic environmental temperatures. In MX, larvae live close to the upper border of their optimum during warm months and so have a limited capacity to tolerate higher-than-normal temperatures. Larvae from the ES population likewise appear to live within their optimum temperature range, but these larvae lack a detectable pessimum range, suggesting they would be unable to cope with temperatures above their pejus range. Larvae from PE have a broad optimum but no pejus range. Different thermal tolerance ranges provide strong evidence for population-dependent physiological adaptations in P. elegans. For the southern (PE) and northern (MX) P. elegans populations, high tropical temperatures are likely to be a strong direct physiological barrier to larval survival and dispersal, which is in contrast to the more thermally tolerant ES population.
Thermodynamic limitations to nuclear energy deployment as a greenhouse gas mitigation technology

To both replace fossil-fuel-energy use and meet the future energy demands, nuclear energy production would have to increase by 10.5% per year from 2010 to 2050. This large growth rate creates a cannibalistic effect, where nuclear energy must be used to supply the energy for future nuclear power plants. This study showed that the limit of ore grade to offset greenhouse gas emissions is significantly higher than the purely thermodynamic limit set by energy payback times found in the literature. In addition, any use of nuclear energy directly contributes heat to the Earth, which the Earth must radiate into space by raising its temperature to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium. This is a relatively small effect, but as energy consumption grows it must be considered for a world powered by nuclear energy. The results of this study demand modesty in claims of 'emission-free nuclear energy' as a panacea for global climate destabilisation.
The Efects of Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy

Ultrasound evaluation and imaging of the fetus is valuable in diagnosing anomalies associated with diabetes mellitus, including neural tube defects, cardiac anomalies, and renal anomalies. These anomalies can be diagnosed and monitored sonographically, making ultrasound an essential component of obstetric care for diabetic women. A literature review of the effects of diabetes mellitus on pregnancy and the fetus was conducted. The importance of ultrasound in the detection and evaluation of anomalies associated with diabetes mellitus is also included.
Large visible gas bubbles in the internal jugular vein: a common occurrence during supine radical neck surgery?

Abstract Study Objective: To establish the frequency of large visible bubbles or collections of bubbles in the jugular vein during radical neck dissection in the supine position. Design: Prospective observation by at least two investigators of random consecutive patients scheduled for radical neck surgery. Setting: Operating room suite in a university hospital specializing in head and neck cancer surgery. Patients: Twelve consecutive ASA physical status 11 and III patients undergoing modified radical dissection for cancer. Interventions: General anesthesia with fentanyl, oxygen (0 2 ) 30% to 40%, nitrous oxide (N 20 ) 60% to 70%, and isoflurane 0.5% to 1.5%, with mechanical ventilation. Table position horizontal. Modified radical neck dissections performed by attending surgeons. Surgical field (jugular vein) carefully observed by the surgeons and an independent anesthesiologist investigator for the presence of bubbles during the dissection. Measurements and Main Results: Easily visible bubbles were observed in the jugular veins of 42% (5 of 12) of the consecutive radical neck dissection patients studied. Some of the collections of bubbles were large (greater than 2.5 cm in diameter). In one case, the appearance and subsequent disappearance of bubbles was followed by a transient drop in arterial blood pressure (BP) and in end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ET CO 2 ), which was suggestive of a diagnosis of central venous air embolization. Conclusions: We theorize that some unexplained, undesirable intraoperative events (hypotension, arrhythmia, and hypoxemia) during radical neck dissection could be a result of venous air embolus or paradoxical air embolus. The anesthesia community should be aware of the high frequency of these visible bubbles in the jugular veins during radical neck surgery, even in the supine position. At minimum, this phenomenon is a frequent event of intellectual interest. At worst, these bubbles may be harbingers of significant central air embolism.
Gadolinium-enhanced MR aortography.

Experience in three patients (one each with meningioma, pineal tumor, and prominent jugular bulb) illustrates that magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can benefit from the administration of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Data were acquired with a three-dimensional velocity-compensated (fast imaging with steady-state precession) sequence. MR angiograms were obtained with a ray projection algorithm by using maximum intensity values. Portions of the vascular anatomy--particularly venous structures and smaller arteries--were better portrayed on the postcontrast than on the precontrast angiograms. Enhancing lesions were also seen on the projection images. Enhancement of dura and extracranial tissues (sinus and nasal mucosa) can obscure vascular detail.
The Effects of Summer Reading on Low-Income Children’s Literacy Achievement From Kindergarten to Grade 8: A Meta-Analysis of Classroom and Home Interventions

This meta-analysis reviewed research on summer reading interventions conducted in the United States and Canada from 1998 to 2011. The synthesis included 41 classroom- and home-based summer reading interventions involving children from kindergarten to Grade 8. Compared to control group children, children who participated in classroom interventions, involving teacher-directed literacy lessons, or home interventions, involving child-initiated book reading activities, enjoyed significant improvement on multiple reading outcomes. The magnitude of the treatment effect was positive for summer reading interventions that employed research-based reading instruction and included a majority of low-income children. Sensitivity analyses based on within-study comparisons indicated that summer reading interventions had significantly larger benefits for children from low-income backgrounds than for children from a mix of income backgrounds. The findings highlight the potentially positive impact of classroom- and home-base...
Mate Availability, Women's Marriage Prevalence, and Husbands' Education

"We predict that marriage prevalence and husbands' education for Black women [in the United States] vary directly with mate availability. We also predict that marriage prevalence and husbands' education will be lower for Black women with less than a high school education than for other Black women. We test these predictions using data on marriage and husbands' education for a national sample of individuals and data on aggregate-level marriage prevalence and husbands' education for a sample of large metropolitan areas. The results support our predictions, and they help to explain how low mate availability for Black women helps to create and maintain an underclass that is disproportionately composed of less-educated Black women and their children."
Effective elastic properties of nanotube reinforced composites with slightly weakened interfaces

In this paper a micromechanics approach is presented for determining the effective elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforced composites, while accounting for imperfect bonding in the matrix-inclusion interface. For this purpose, a linear spring layer of vanishing thickness is introduced to represent the interface. Furthermore, the well known Mori‐Tanaka (MT) method, in conjunction with the Eshelby’s tensor, is modified to determine the effective elastic properties. The inclusions are considered to be either perfectly aligned infinite long cylinders or aligned ellipsoidal inclusions with a given aspect ratio; cases of perfect alignment or of randomly oriented fibers are treated. The numerical results show that the interface weakening influences the nanocomposite properties significantly only for high values of SWCNT volume fraction. Since most of the currently conducted experiments involve composites which contain small volume fractions, it is thus reasonable based on the findings of this paper to assume perfect bonding for low nanotube volumetric contents.
Enhanced Cross-Axis Rejection Capacitive Strain Gauge

A novel bending plate capacitive strain gauge is designed, fabricated, and tested to measure strain in the range of 1 to 1000 μe. This silicon-based strain sensor uses a unique structural design to increase the on-axis gain through the use of a bending beam structure while attenuating signals due to cross-axis strain. A differential capacitive measurement is used to improve the output, reduce the parasitic capacitance, and eliminate the capacitance measurement error due to temperature. The device is fabricated using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Experimental results exhibit an on-axis sensitivity of 50 aF/μe and attenuation of the cross-axis sensitivity to shear strain to less than 10 percent of the applied shear strain. A detailed mechanical analysis of the suspension and deflection-amplifying bent-beam capacitor will be presented. Furthermore, the capacitive plate analytical model is compared to finite element simulations and verified with experimental results. In addition, a noise assessment of the device shows the electronics noise dominates the Brownian noise.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Accelerated dual decomposition for MAP inference

Approximate MAP inference in graphical models is an important and challenging problem for many domains including computer vision, computational biology and natural language understanding. Current state-of-the-art approaches employ convex relaxations of these problems as surrogate objectives, but only provide weak running time guarantees. In this paper, we develop an approximate inference algorithm that is both efficient and has strong theoretical guarantees. Specifically, our algorithm is guaranteed to converge to an e-accurate solution of the convex relaxation in O (1/e) time. We demonstrate our approach on synthetic and real-world problems and show that it outperforms current state-of-the-art techniques.
The 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study

Abstract In 2006 Polimetrix, Inc. of Palo Alto, CA. fielded the Cooperative Congressional Election Study, the largest study of Congressional elections ever fielded in the US. The project was a joint venture of 38 universities and over 100 political scientists. In this paper, we detail the design and execution of the project, with special attention to the method by which the sample was generated. We show that the estimates from the Common Content of CCES outperform conventional estimates based on RDD phone surveys. We also argue that opt‐in panels, internet surveys, and cooperative ventures like CCES provide cost‐effective alternatives for social scientists under certain conditions. These types of surveys can provide reductions in RMSE over conventional methods when sample matching is used to ameliorate the biases that come with sampling from an opt‐in panel.
Visuomotor Behaviors in Larval Zebrafish after GFP-Guided Laser Ablation of the Optic Tectum

The optic tectum is the largest visual center in most vertebrates and the main target for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) conveying visual information from the eye to the brain. The retinotectal projection has served as an important model in many areas of developmental neuroscience. However, knowledge of the function of the tectum is limited. We began to address this issue using laser ablations and subsequent behavioral testing in zebrafish. We used a transgenic zebrafish line that expresses green-fluorescent protein in RGCs projecting to the tectum. By aiming a laser beam at the labeled retinal fibers demarcating the tectal neuropil, the larval tectum could be selectively destroyed. We tested whether tectum-ablated zebrafish larvae, when presented with large-field movements in their surroundings, displayed optokinetic responses (OKR) or optomotor responses (OMR), two distinct visuomotor behaviors that compensate for self-motion. Neither OKR nor OMR were found to be dependent on intact retinotectal connections. Also, visual acuity remained unaffected. Tectum ablation, however, slowed down the OKR by reducing the frequency of saccades but left tracking velocity, gain, and saccade amplitude unaffected. Removal of the tectum had no effect on the processing of second-order motion, to which zebrafish show both OKR and OMR, suggesting that the tectum is not an integral part of the circuit that extracts higher-order cues in the motion pathway.
Stereoselective carbohydate synthesis via palladium hydroxide catalyzed epoxide hydrogenolysis

Abstract 2,5:3,4-Dianhydro-D-altritol ( 1 ) reacts with lithium aluminum hydride to produce a 50:50 mixture of the epimeric alcohols ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) in fairly good yield. However, when 1 is catalytically hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on charcoal (Pearlman's catalyst), the ratio of epimers formed changes to 99:1 ( 2:3 ) as determined by GC of the corresponding acetylated derivative compounds. The stereochemistry of the epimers has been determined by NMR spectroscopy.
Heart transplantation in pediatric cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies represent an uncommon but serious cause of heart disease in the pediatric population and can be categorized as dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and left ventricular non-compaction. Each of these subtypes has multiple potential genetic etiologies in addition to possible non-genetic causes. Many patients with cardiomyopathies can benefit from transplantation, although there is not insignificant morbidity and mortality for those patients. Outcomes both prior to and following transplantation depend on the underlying etiology, the amount of support needed prior to transplantation and the illness severity of the patient prior to transplantation. Mechanical circulatory support is frequently used to bridge patients to transplantation, and newer technologies are currently in development.
Identification of high-risk patients among those diagnosed with thin cutaneous melanomas.

Purpose Most patients with melanoma have microscopically thin (≤ 1 mm) primary lesions and are cured with excision. However, some develop metastatic disease that is often fatal. We evaluated established prognostic factors to develop classification schemes with better discrimination than current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. Patients and Methods We studied patients with thin melanomas from the US population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry (1988 to 2001; n = 26,291) and those seen by the University of Pennsylvania's Pigmented Lesion Group (PLG; 1972 to 2001; n = 2,389; Philadelphia, PA). AJCC prognostic factors were thickness, anatomic level, ulceration, site, sex, and age; PLG prognostic factors also included a set of biologically based candidate prognostic factors. Recursive partitioning was used to develop a SEER-based classification tree that was validated using PLG data. Next, a new PLG-based classification tree was developed using the expan...
Formulation and delivery systems of biocontrol agents with emphasis on fungi

For commercial development of microbials for bioncontrol of soilborne pathogens in the spermosphere or rhizosphere, obstacles in growth, formulation, and delivery must be overcome. Most of the research described is with the biocontrol fungi Trichoderma and GUocladium. Fermentation media for growth of biocontrol fungi or bacteria should contain available, inexpensive agricultural products which result in production of adequate biomass containing effective propagules (e.g. chlamydospores). Dry, powdered or moist biomass can be formulated into a variety of dusts, powders, pellets, granules or gels supplemented with inert carriers (e.g. Pyrax®) or food bases (e.g. bran). Systems are also described in which biocontrol agents are grown on solid fermentation media consisting of various grains or inert carriers amended with food bases. Delivery systems of preparations for seed treatments and soil amendments for the control of various soilborne plant pathogens are discussed.
Text Messaging and Patient Engagement in an Increasingly Mobile World.

The potential of short message system (SMS) text messaging and other mobile phone–based methods (collectively often called mHealth) to engage patients in their own health care has been met with great enthusiasm because of the relatively low cost, transportability, and widespread use of these technologies: More than 6 billion people worldwide have access to mobile phones.1 By providing reminders and enhancing communication and interaction with healthcare professionals, there is compelling evidence for patients with HIV/AIDS that mHealth can improve adherence to medications and suppress viral loads.2–4 Article see p 592 The evidence of the effectiveness of these strategies for noncommunicable diseases is, unfortunately, less robust.5,6 A 2012 Cochrane systematic review identified only 4 randomized trials of text messaging interventions that included a total of 182 patients.6 These studies supported the effectiveness of text messaging to improve medication adherence but were limited in scope, size, and duration.6 An even more recent 2015 systematic review of cardiovascular disease management identified 3 additional studies, the largest consisting of 128 adults.5 Patient adherence to medications improved after the SMS interventions, but the results were mixed in terms of other outcomes, including glycemic control, costs, and emergency department use.7–9 Accordingly, developing and empirically evaluating mHealth tools is essential and particularly relevant in resource-poor settings where the burden of cardiovascular disease is exceptionally high and rapidly growing.5 In this issue of Circulation , Bobrow and colleagues10 describe what is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest reported trial of …
Chapar: certified causally consistent distributed key-value stores

Today’s Internet services are often expected to stay available and render high responsiveness even in the face of site crashes and network partitions. Theoretical results state that causal consistency is one of the strongest consistency guarantees that is possible under these requirements, and many practical systems provide causally consistent key-value stores. In this paper, we present a framework called Chapar for modular verification of causal consistency for replicated key-value store implementations and their client programs. Specifically, we formulate separate correctness conditions for key-value store implementations and for their clients. The interface between the two is a novel operational semantics for causal consistency. We have verified the causal consistency of two key-value store implementations from the literature using a novel proof technique. We have also implemented a simple automatic model checker for the correctness of client programs. The two independently verified results for the implementations and clients can be composed to conclude the correctness of any of the programs when executed with any of the implementations. We have developed and checked our framework in Coq, extracted it to OCaml, and built executable stores.
Snoring resolution with vagus nerve stimulator activation

• Vagus nerve stimulator (VNS)-associated adverse effects, including dysphagia, and worsening of sleep-disordered breathing are well documented.
A Multiresidue Approach to the Identification of Food Packaging-Derived Volatiles in Foods and Containers

A rapid approach to the tentative identification of food packaging-derived volatile residues in foods and containers by use of headspace sampling, capillary gas chromatography, and a computer data search program is described. Headspace vapors of samples are analyzed on Ov-101 and Carbowax 20M columns. Peak retention time data of a sample on both columns are compared with those of common packaging raw materials, by-products, and processing agents maintained in a standard reference file. A list of possible identities based on the chromatographic peaks is compiled and printed out. Additional supporting data, such as relative peak response on each column, are examined to make a tentative identification. Other methods must be employed to confirm these identifications.
Rejection sensitivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing psychopathology among gay and bisexual men.

Gay and bisexual men are at increased risk for mood and anxiety (internalizing) disorders relative to heterosexual men. Rejection sensitivity (RS), or the anxious expectation of rejection, is associated with depression and social anxiety symptoms among lesbians and gay men as well as generalized anxiety symptoms among sexual minority women. However, it remains unclear if it is associated with other internalizing symptoms, such as panic and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Further, research on the comorbidity of mental disorders suggests that a latent transdiagnostic internalizing factor (INT) accounts for the co-occurrences between mood and anxiety disorders. Although previous research has found that the associations between discrimination and mental disorders can be explained by INT, research has yet to examine if this extends to the associations between RS and internalizing symptoms. Using a sample of young gay and bisexual men (N = 101), we examined the associations between RS and internalizing symptoms (depression, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic stress). Additionally, we examined the extent to which these associations were mediated by INT. Results indicated that RS was significantly associated with social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and that INT fully mediated these associations. As such, findings support RS as a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing symptoms among gay and bisexual men.
STIMULATION OF PHOSPHOGLUCONATE PATHWAY IN RAT BRAIN MINCE BY ETHANOL.

SummaryAdministration of a moderately intoxicating dose of ethanol to rats resulted in an increase in that portion of glucose metabolized via the phosphogluconate pathway in minced preparations of cerebral cortex.
DNA sequencing reveals unexpected Recent diversity and an ancient dichotomy in the American marsupial genus Marmosops (Didelphidae: Thylamyini)

To assess species-level diversity in the didelphid marsupial genus Marmosops, we obtained sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene from > 200 specimens, including exemplars of every currently recognized species together with multiple specimens of all geographically widespread forms. Analyses of these data using the general mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) model suggest that the genus could be twice as speciose as currently recognized, but putative species identified by the GMYC criterion require careful evaluation using other data. To assess phylogenetic relationships within Marmosops, we additionally sequenced a large fragment of the breast cancer activating 1 (BRCA1) gene from one specimen each of the putative species identified by the GMYC analyses of CYTB. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a concatenated gene (CYTB + BRCA1) matrix revealed a basal dichotomy between two ancient, morphologically diagnosable clades with apparently distinct distributions and adaptive phenotypes. We describe those clades as subgenera and assign 12 nominal taxa to Sciophanes subgen. nov. (with type species Marmosops parvidens) and 27 nominal taxa to the nominotypical subgenus (with type species Marmosops incanus).
Variations in after-discharge from the hippocampus.

ConclusionsThe after-discharge of the hippocampus is formed by a number of components which can combine to form several fairly discrete well organized patterns. These patterns seem to be related more to the state of the organism at the moment the after-discharge is produced than to the precise anatomic location of the electrodes or to the parameters of stimulation. Although the activity emanating from symmetrical electrode placements may show differences in pattern, there are systematic relationships between the right and the left which would indicate some bilaterally expressed control on the after-discharge. Extremely high voltage electrical after-discharge may be present in the hippocampal formation with only minimal disturbance in the dorsolateral cortex, at least by transverse recording, and without the precipitation of a major convulsion.
LUNAR PROSPECTOR AND BEYOND

At a cost of $63 M, and a hardware development time of less than two years, the recently completed and highly successful Lunar Prospector (LP) mission was in many respects the quintessential Faster, Better, Cheaper (FBC) mission. One set of questions that naturally arises, is whether the factors that led to the success of this mission were unique to LP, and to what extent can we expect to reproduce this formula on future mission sets. This paper provides an overview of the LP mission, along with a review of the key factors that contributed to its success, in the context of the recent reports on FBC and NASA project management. Finally, an assessment is made as to how well current trends in future discovery mission architecture will lend themselves to the LP model, and what developments could help make a difference.
Effect of Chronic Anticonvulsant Therapy on Serum 25-Hydroxycalciferol Levels in Adults

Abstract A survey of 48 adult epileptic outpatients receiving chronic combined phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin therapy demonstrated significant hypocalcemia in 19 per cent, and significantly decreased serum 25-hydroxycalciferol in 33 per cent of patients, as compared to 38 untreated controls. Similar but less marked changes were seen in a group of 13 patients given chronic therapy with either phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin alone. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in the patients receiving chronic therapy with either or both of these agents was attributable to increases in both the hepatic and bone isoenzyme fractions. Serum calcium correlated positively with serum 25-hydroxycalciferol in both the patient and the control groups. Serum 25-hydroxycalciferol also correlated positively with vitamin D intake in the patient and control groups, but at any given intake of vitamin D, mean serum levels were lower in the patient group. Lowest serum calcium and 25-hydroxycalciferol levels were seen in th...
STUDY ON THE INACTIVATION EFFECT OF POTASSIUM BORATE PEROXIDE ON POLIOVIRUS

Objective To study the inactivation effect of potassium borate peroxide on poliovirus.Methods The suspension quantitative inactivation test was used to study the inactivation effect of potassium borate peroxide on poliovirus in the laboratory.Results When the concentration of potassium borate peroxide solution was 2 000 mg/L and the duration time of action was 3 h,the inactivation logarithm values of poliovirus in suspension were all greater than or equal to 4.Conclusion The potassium borate peroxide has certain action on inactivating poliovirus.
Measurement of Trigeminal Neuralgia Pain: Penn Facial Pain Scale

Pain is a subjective experience that cannot be directly measured. Therefore, patient-reported outcome is one of the currently accepted methods to capture pain intensity and its impact on activities of daily living. This article focuses on five patient-reported outcomes that have been used to measure trigeminal neuralgia pain-Visual Analog Scale, numeric rating scale, Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Score, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Penn Facial Pain Scale. Each scale is evaluated for its practicality, applicability, comprehensiveness, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to measuring trigeminal neuralgia pain.
Malware analysis & reverse engineering quick evaluation system

The Malware Analysis & Reverse Engineering Quick Evaluation System (MARQUES) is a system designed to create a preliminary analysis report that would give security administrators and investigators immediate information and insight into a suspected malware's capabilities, functions, and purpose. MARQUES has the ability to automate analysis of malware not only on a behavioral level but also on a code level. The ability to automate analysis of malware on a code level separates it from the conventional existing malware services. This information is vital in responding and combating malware attacks and infection on network systems. The MARQUES system aims at increasing the response time to malware incidents and aims at providing valuable insight into pattern recognitions and trend analysis of existing and zero-day malware specimens. The MARQUES system incorporates the established Malware Analysis & Reverse Engineering (MARE) methodology developed by the Purdue Malware Lab research team. The MARE methodology is the engine of the MARQUES system that automates the behavioral and code analysis of suspected malware.
Carcinogenic and Mutagenic N-Nitroso Compounds

N-nitroso compounds have been known since about 1860 when the preparation of dimethylnitrosamine was first described. They can be formed easily by interaction of secondary or tertiary amino compounds with nitrous acid or other nitrosating agents. Their toxic effect has been alluded to for some time(1) but their specific action was not described until 1954, when Magee and Barnes reported toxic liver injury by dimethylnitrosamine in man(2) and rats and carcinogenesis by the same compound in rats.(3) The first report of mutagenicity of a nitroso compound referred to methylnitrosonitroguanidine.(4) Since then there has been growing interest in the toxicology of N-nitroso compounds and in their chemistry and biochemistry. In spite of all of this activity, however, there is no satisfactory explanation of the biological actions of N-nitroso compounds.
Complete Genome Sequences of Nine Enterovirus D68 Strains from Patients of the Lower Hudson Valley, New York, 2016

ABSTRACT Complete genome sequences of nine enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) strains from patients in New York were obtained in 2016 by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis suggests that a new subclade B3, with ~4.5% nucleotide divergence from subclade B1 strains causing the 2014 outbreak, is circulating in the United States in 2016.
Comic-book artifice: Olga Schoberová's hyper-femininity in Václav Vorlíček's Who Wants to Kill Jessie?

ABSTRACTWho Wants to Kill Jessie? is a Czech science fiction (SF) comedy drawing upon the comic-strip genre. In it, a botched dream control experiment materializes Jessie, a brilliant and beautiful scientist, from a comic-strip serial to contemporaneous Prague. Through the cult celebrity and hyper-femininity of actress Olga Schoberova, Vorlicek's film explores spaces of domesticity and fantasy, the ideals and shortcomings of the socialist state and the oneiric nature of moving images. Jessie is ultimately contained within the safe space of a heterosexual relationship, and her camp extremities render the film's social and political critique relatively unthreatening to the socialist state. Schoberova's celebrity status in the West coupled with the film's references to international genres, moreover, allow Who Wants to Kill Jessie? to negotiate both sides of the Cold War divide.
Alternating event processes during lifetimes: population dynamics and statistical inference

In the literature studying recurrent event data, a large amount of work has been focused on univariate recurrent event processes where the occurrence of each event is treated as a single point in time. There are many applications, however, in which univariate recurrent events are insufficient to characterize the feature of the process because patients experience nontrivial durations associated with each event. This results in an alternating event process where the disease status of a patient alternates between exacerbations and remissions. In this paper, we consider the dynamics of a chronic disease and its associated exacerbation-remission process over two time scales: calendar time and time-since-onset. In particular, over calendar time, we explore population dynamics and the relationship between incidence, prevalence and duration for such alternating event processes. We provide nonparametric estimation techniques for characteristic quantities of the process. In some settings, exacerbation processes are observed from an onset time until death; to account for the relationship between the survival and alternating event processes, nonparametric approaches are developed for estimating exacerbation process over lifetime. By understanding the population dynamics and within-process structure, the paper provide a new and general way to study alternating event processes.
Do patients with higher baseline BMI have improved weight loss with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy?

Abstract Background As sleeve gastrectomy (SG) becomes the most common bariatric procedure, it remains unclear for which patients laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) may be advantageous. Some contend that patients with higher initial body mass index (BMI) achieve better weight loss with LRYGB. Objectives This study evaluates weight loss in SG versus LRYGB patients based on preoperative BMI. Setting Community teaching hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Methods A convenience cohort of 4935 individuals, undergoing bariatric surgery from 2001 to 2015, was studied to examine 5-year postsurgical trends in weight loss stratified by baseline BMI and procedure. Student t tests compared mean weight loss of baseline BMI groups ( Results All patients were more likely to be female (79%) and Caucasian (62.5%). Nearly twice as many patients underwent LRYGB (N = 3236) compared with SG (N = 1699). In patients in the BMI Conclusion In conclusion, patients with lower baseline BMI had improved %EWL regardless of procedure, but those patients with higher baseline BMI who underwent LRYGB did have higher %EWL than those undergoing SG at 2 years follow-up. BMI is one of many key factors when selecting a procedure for an individual patient.
Toward a Praxis of Information Justice

This chapter summarizes the arguments of this book, situating them amidst the booming literature on information ethics that has emerge over the (too) long process of writing. Unfortunately, nothing like a full theory of information justice has emerged from this, but we can now see important considerations for how we might think about information within what we already know about justice. That presents several possibilities for theoretically-informed action and action-oriented theory. I also suggest a range of possible principles, policies, practices, and technologies that are worthy of a deeper look that can engage data scientists, citizens, and governments. Ultimately, however, information justice (like political justice generally) is not likely to be something that can be established solely by easily executable principles. It will necessarily involve an information justice movement.
Psychosocial Intervention Strategies for the Depressed Child: Approaches to Treatment and Prevention

Psychosocial approaches to the treatment and prevention of depression in children are reviewed. Examination of case studies, comparative group treatment studies, and preventive intervention trials highlight several promising intervention strategies. Based on this review, a framework for conceptualizing the role of psychosocial factors on childhood-onset depression and suggestions regarding clinical treatment are offered.
Selenium. Role of the Essential Metalloid in Health

Selenium is an essential micronutrient in mammals, but is also recognized as toxic in excess. It is a non-metal with properties that are intermediate between the chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. Selenium exerts its biological functions through selenoproteins. Selenoproteins contain selenium in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is an analog of cysteine with the sulfur-containing side chain replaced by a Se-containing side chain. Sec is encoded by the codon UGA, which is one of three termination codons for mRNA translation in non-selenoprotein genes. Recognition of the UGA codon as a Sec insertion site instead of stop requires a Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element in selenoprotein mRNAs and a unique selenocysteyl-tRNA, both of which are recognized by specialized protein factors. Unlike the 20 standard amino acids, Sec is biosynthesized from serine on its tRNA. Twenty-five selenoproteins are encoded in the human genome. Most of the selenoprotein genes were discovered by bioinformatics approaches, searching for SECIS elements downstream of in-frame UGA codons. Sec has been described as having stronger nucleophilic and electrophilic properties than cysteine, and Sec is present in the catalytic site of all selenoenzymes. Most selenoproteins, whose functions are known, are involved in redox systems and signaling pathways. However, several selenoproteins are not well characterized in terms of their function. The selenium field has grown dramatically in the last few decades, and research on selenium biology is providing extensive new information regarding its importance for human health.
Coloring Uniform Hypergraphs with Small Edge Degrees

Let k be a positive integer and n=⌊log2 k⌋. We prove that there is an e = e(k) > 0 such that for sufficiently large r, every r-uniform hypergraph with maximum edge degree at most $$ \varepsilon (k)k^r \left( {\frac{r} {{\ln r}}} \right)^{\tfrac{n} {{n + 1}}} $$ is k-colorable.
Discovering robust knowledge from dynamic closed-world data

Many applications of knowledge discovery require the knowledge to be consistent with data. Examples include discovering rules for query optimization, database integration, decision support, etc. However, databases usually change over time and make machine-discovered knowledge inconsistent with data. Useful knowledge should be robust against database changes so that it is unlikely to become inconsistent after database changes. This paper defines this notion of robustness, describes how to estimate the robustness of Horn-clause rules in closed-world databases, and describes how the robustness estimation can be applied in rule discovery systems.
Using Globus with freeBSD

After years of development by the high performance computing (HPC) community, grid computing has hit the mainstream as one of the hottest buzzwords in computing technology today. This paper examines the issues involved in integrating FreeBSD with the Globus Toolkit, the de facto standard for grid computing. Particular attention is paid to interactions between Globus and FreeBSD's package management system. Ways in which FreeBSD could be enhanced to make it a more attractive platform for Globus are also discussed.
Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Native Pediatric Posterior Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments.

Background:Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears have received the most attention, the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is thought to be the most commonly injured knee ligament overall. T...
The Emergence of Science as a Political Brand

This article seeks to explain how science has emerged as political brand. While science and politics have intersected for centuries, more recent social, cultural, and political events led to increa...
Life cycle inventory regionalization and uncertainty characterization: A multilevel modeling approach

Abstract Life cycle inventory (LCI) databases are essential to evaluate the environmental burden of a product or service using life cycle assessment (LCA). The demand for improved accuracy and credibility of LCA results has increased the need for LCI containing higher data granularity and quantified uncertainty. In this study, a novel data processing method is proposed to facilitate regionalized LCI database compilation and uncertainty characterization. The key step in the proposed method is to retain variations within the datasets by building a relationship between the geographical and temporal quantified characteristics and material/energy input amounts using multilevel modeling (MLM) rather than losing the variations via a traditional aggregation method. The uncertainty is objectively characterized by the model prediction interval. An example case study is conducted on nitrogen fertilizer application for corn production with data collected in 19 U.S. states from 1990 to 2016. The results show that estimates by the proposed approach are more accurate than those by current aggregation methods. For the unit-yield-based input and unit-area-based input, respectively, around 60% and 80% of variations within the datasets are explained by MLM, and 86.1% and 96.8% of the unrepresentativeness factors for the MLM estimates are less than 0.2, compared to 62.3% and 70.5% when traditional three-year aggregation is used. The 95% prediction intervals cover more than 95% of measurement data in both input cases. It is suggested to apply an MLM-based data processing framework for future database compilation or for reinforcing a geographical information system (GIS) based regionalized LCI database.
A Narrative Review of Predictors of Adult Mental Health Emergency Department Return Visits and Interventions to Reduce Repeated Use.

Abstract Background Frequent utilizers of the emergency department (ED) are a minority of patients that account for a majority of visits to psychiatric emergency services and general EDs. Objective The primary aim of this narrative review is to synthesize the literature by describing patient characteristics correlated with adult mental health ED revisits and the efficacy of interventions for reducing frequent use. Methods A review of the literature was performed following a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol checklist in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. Results Thirty-one articles, mostly retrospective cohort studies, met inclusion criteria. The most commonly studied sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with frequent users were age, homelessness, diagnosis of schizophrenia or a substance use/abuse disorder, and receipt of current psychiatric treatment. There were 7 different categories of interventions that were studied; only 2 demonstrated a significant reduction in revisits. Conclusions Based on the current literature, high utilization of emergency mental health care is most strongly associated with financial and economic factors. These frequent users are also typically characterized as having substance use/abuse disorders, a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and current psychiatric treatment. Though most interventions have been unsuccessful in mitigating revisits, certain ED-based interventions that modified patient care based on the acute clinical needs demonstrated a significant reduction in repeated use. Further interventions should involve modifications to care at the level of the hospital, as well as the community and follow-up care.
Structural insight into T cell coinhibition by PD-1H (VISTA).

Programmed death-1 homolog (PD-1H), a CD28/B7 family molecule, coinhibits T cell activation and is an attractive immunotherapeutic target for cancer and inflammatory diseases. The molecular basis of its function, however, is unknown. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that PD-1H has a very long Ig variable region (IgV)-like domain and extraordinarily high histidine content, suggesting that unique structural features may contribute to coinhibitory mechanisms. Here we present the 1.9-A crystal structure of the human PD-1H extracellular domain. It reveals an elongated CC' loop and a striking concentration of histidine residues, located in the complementarity-determining region-like proximal half of the molecule. We show that surface-exposed histidine clusters are essential for robust inhibition of T cell activation. PD-1H exhibits a noncanonical IgV-like topology including an extra "H" β-strand and "clamping" disulfide, absent in known IgV-like structures, that likely restricts its orientation on the cell surface differently from other IgV-like domains. These results provide important insight into a molecular basis of T cell coinhibition by PD-1H.
A Professional Perspective and Global Education

As described earlier, a professional perspective recognizes the importance of using expert knowledge to guide educational practice. There are two implications of this perspective for the development of a program of global education, the first is the need to provide teachers access to extant expert knowledge, helping them develop as professionals, for example engaging teachers in the study of the various intellectual traditions that undergird global education, or increasing their knowledge of climate change, and examining the implications of this knowledge for practice.
Building on the work of teachers: Augmenting a functional lens to a teacher-generated framework for describing the instructional practices of responding

Abstract We offer a framework for analyzing teachers’ practice of responding to students’ mathematical contributions. This work builds on a framework developed by secondary mathematics teachers that we then augmented with one developed by linguists to create a modified framework that addresses pedagogic responding moves in detail. We show, through in-depth transcript analysis, along with commentary by a teacher and researcher, how the modifications support teachers and researchers to better understand how the dual focus on particular moves and their functional organization shapes discourse to support learning. The resulting framework is situated in the efforts toward building a common language of practice useful for enabling teachers to see and intervene on their own practice while supporting researchers to build theory about how teachers’ instructional practices shape classroom discourse.
The Inadvertent Effects of PECS on Vocal Responding of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a widely used alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) system for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have limited or no vocal abilities. Vocalizations may emerge with the use of PECS particularly during the training phases. One question that often arises is what effect continued use of PECS has on vocal behavior. The current study evaluated the effects of PECS on vocal responding for participants who had been using PECS for at least 1 year. Four children with ASD participated in this study. Each had functional vocal communication skills but used PECS as their primary mode of communication. One of the participants also used sign language. The effects of PECS on vocal responding were evaluated in two studies using a reversal design. The use of PECS inhibited vocal responding if both modes of communication were on the same schedule of reinforcement. When PECS was placed on extinction (study 1) or removed (study 2), vocal responding increased across subjects. If vocal responding and PECS remain on the same schedule of reinforcement, vocal responses may be suppressed and, consequently, improvements in functional vocal communication may not be seen. Additional studies are needed to replicate the current findings as well as to determine if PECS should be faded if functional vocal communication is established.