cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
There Are Many Models of Transitive Preference: A Tutorial Review and Current Perspective

Transitivity of preference is a fundamental rationality axiom shared by nearly all normative, prescriptive, and descriptive models of preference or choice. There are many possible models of transitive preferences. We review a general class of such models and we summarize a recent critique of the empirical literature on (in)transitivity of preference. A key conceptual hurdle lies in the fact that transitivity is an algebraic/logical axiom, whereas experimental choice data are, by design, the outcomes of sampling processes. We discuss probabilistic specifications of transitivity that can be cast as (unions of) convex polytopes within the unit cube. Adding to the challenge, probabilistic specifications with inequality constraints (including the standard “weak stochastic transitivity” constraint on binary choice probabilities) fall victim to a “boundary problem” where the log-likelihood test statistic fails to have an asymptotic χ2-distribution. This invalidates many existing statistical analyses of empirical (in)transitive choice in the experimental literature. We summarize techniques to test models of transitive preference based on two key components: (1) we discuss probabilistic specifications in terms of convex polytopes, and (2) we provide the correct asymptotic distributions to test them. Furthermore, we demonstrate these techniques with examples on illustrative sample data.
Accelerated Connected Component Labeling Using CUDA Framework

Connected Component Labeling (CCL) is a well-known algorithm with many applications in image processing and computer vision. Given the growth in terms of inter-pixel relationships and the amount of information stored in a single pixel, the time to run CCL analysis on an image continues to increase rapidly. In this paper we present an accelerated version of CCL using NVIDIA’s Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) framework to address this growing overhead. Our parallelization approach decomposes CCL while respecting all global dependencies across the image. We compare our implementation against serial execution and parallelized implementations developed on OpenMP. We show that our parallelized CCL algorithm targeting NVIDIA’s CUDA can significantly increase performance, while still ensuring labeling quality.
Arthroplasty of the Hand and Wrist

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal condition characterized by loss of articular cartilage. It is the leading cause of musculoskeletal morbidity in the older population. It can occur in many locations, such as the spine, knee, hip, and upper extremity, with one of the most common sites being the hand.
Use of radiation in high risk population with non melanoma skin cancer at a rural cancer center.

e21613Background: Radiotherapy in Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) can be employed adjuvantly, primarily, or for recurrence. We investigated tumor and host characteristics affecting treatment outcom...
CCR2 mediates increased susceptibility to post-H1N1 bacterial pneumonia by limiting dendritic cell induction of IL-17

Post influenza bacterial pneumonia is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in host defense against bacterial pneumonia, but their contribution to post influenza-susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia is incompletely understood. WT and CCR2−/− mice were infected with 100 plaque forming units (pfu) H1N1 intranasally alone or were challenged on day 5 with 7 × 107 colony forming units (cfu) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus intratracheally. WT mice express abundant CCL2 mRNA and protein post-H1N1 alone or dual infection. CCR2−/− mice had significantly higher survival as compared to WT mice, associated with significantly improved bacterial clearance at 24 and 48 h (10-fold and 14-fold, respectively) post bacterial challenge. There was robust upregulation of IL-23 and IL-17 as well as downregulation of IL-27 expression in CCR2−/− mice following sequential infection as compared to WT mice, which was also associated with significantly greater accumulation of CD103+ DC. Finally, WT mice treated with a CCR2 inhibitor showed improved bacterial clearance in association with similar cytokine profiles as CCR2−/− mice. Thus, CCR2 significantly contributes to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection after influenza pneumonia likely via altered dendritic cell responses and thus, CCR2 antagonism represents a potential therapeutic strategy.
A Revisit to an Open Economy Analysis and the Demand for Money Stability: A Case of India

The stability for Demand for Money (DFM hereafter) functional form has been a hot topic amongst Monetarists and Keynesian economists since the 1970s. Numerous studies have since been in search of the proper estimates of the DFM function and its determinants. This paper is a revisit of Kulkarni-Yuan (2006) paper, “Demand for Money in an Open Economy Setting: A Case of India”. It will compare K-Y Vector Error Correction Model (VECM hereafter) regression model for a closed and open economy using 12 years of additional data up to 2016, to new VECM regressions using data spanning for 48 years. With over half the data now available under an open economy setting, we should see an open economy model being the appropriate model to apply to India’s open economy. After running the regressions, we observe that our findings are consistent with traditional Monetarist theory where real GDP being the most significant determinant of demand for money, and interest rate and other variables have little lower effect than GDP. In case of India, this is quite consistent with expectations because interest rates are not inherently very flexible.
Recruitment and disruption of ventral pallidal cue encoding during alcohol seeking.

A critical area of inquiry in the neurobiology of alcohol abuse is the mechanism by which cues gain the ability to elicit alcohol use. Previously, we found that cue-evoked activity in rat ventral pallidum robustly encodes the value of sucrose cues trained under both Pavlovian and instrumental contingencies, despite a stronger relationship between cue-evoked activity and behavioral latency after instrumental training (Richard et al., 2018, Elife, 7, e33107). Here, we assessed: (a) ventral pallidal representations of Pavlovian versus instrumental cues trained with alcohol reward, and (b) the impact of non-associative alcohol exposure on ventral pallidal representations of sucrose cues. Decoding of cue identity based on ventral pallidum firing was blunted for the Pavlovian alcohol cue in comparison to both the instrumental cue trained with alcohol and either cue type trained with sucrose. Further, non-associative alcohol exposure had opposing effects on ventral pallidal encoding of sucrose cues trained on instrumental versus Pavlovian associations, enhancing decoding accuracy for an instrumental discriminative stimulus and reducing decoding accuracy for a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus. These findings suggest that alcohol exposure can drive biased engagement of specific reward-related signals in the ventral pallidum.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the mandible is rare. We describe a case of MFH of the mandible with metastatic disease to the lungs. To our knowledge only 30 cases have been reported prior...
Historical, current and future developments of travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry: A personal perspective

Abstract Analytical ion mobility (IM) separation experiments and IM calculations were predominantly performed in the academic environment with drift tube devices using helium as the neutral drift gas. The introduction of the travelling wave ion mobility (TWIM) separator changed this and redefined the utility and, importantly, the availability of IM for the broader research base. The first commercial TWIM enabled quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-ToF) was introduced in 2006. Over the subsequent thirteen years of its evolution, a TWIM separator has been placed inside six different MS systems (Synapt G1, G2, G2-S, G2-Si, Vion and the cyclicIM instruments). TWIM was originally and successfully applied to the area of native-MS analysis of protein complexes, and has now expanded rapidly into diverse application areas such as multiple “omics”, small drug-like molecules, monoclonal antibodies and polymers used in the pharmaceutical environment, fundamental gas-phase peptide structure determination and large MDa viral capsids.
Cash-Based Stem-Cell Clinics: The Modern Day Snake Oil Salesman? A Report of Two Cases of Patients Harmed by Intra-articular Stem Cell Injections.

Case The use of biologics is rapidly expanding. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of cash-based "stem cell"/regenerative medicine clinics in the United States. These clinics provide cash-based services touting stem cell injections to cure a myriad of conditions. Largely, these clinics are unregulated and using injections in a non-Food and Drug Administration-approved manner. We report on 2 patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of septic arthritis following stem cell injections by cash-based local stem cell clinics. Case 1 involved a patient who developed septic arthritis following an injection of umbilical cord blood-derived cellular products (Genentech) and required an antibiotic spacer followed by a total hip arthroplasty. Case 2 involved a patient who developed a likely immune-mediated reaction following an injection of morselized human placental allograft tissue by a local chiropractic office at a cost of approximately $8,000. Conclusions We present these cases to bring increased awareness to the issue and call for increased regulation of this practice.
Eliminating Opioids from Breast Conserving Surgery: Perioperative Pain Management Pathway.

Background Opioid prescribing guidelines for partial mastectomy (PM) and PM with sentinel lymph node biopsy (PM-SLNB) recommend prescribing anywhere from 0 to 15 oxycodone pills for postoperative pain. We sought to eliminate opioids after breast-conserving surgery. Study Design In January 2017, we implemented a perioperative pathway in which patients received (1) preoperative acetaminophen, (2) pre-incisional bupivacaine skin infiltration, (3) post-excision bupivacaine wound deposition, (4) intraoperative ketorolac, (5) instructions to use both acetaminophen and ibuprofen for postoperative analgesia, and (6) counseling to set the expectation that opioids would not be required. We measured the percentage of patients who received, filled, and used opioid prescriptions. We compared this to historical institutional data from 2016. Results There were 226 patients (mean age: 62 ± 13 years) who underwent surgery: 50% (114 of 226) underwent PM alone and 50% (112 of 226) PM-SLNB. Twenty-four patients (11%) required opioids in the recovery unit, and 14 (6%) were discharged home with a prescription. Five of the 14 patients (36%) did not fill their prescription. Among the patients who did fill their prescription, only 1 patient used opioids. In addition, 2 (1%) patients had difficulty managing their postoperative pain and were prescribed opioids within 7 days of surgery. Ultimately, 99% (223 of 226) of patients managed their postoperative pain after discharge without opioids. This represents a significant decrease in opioid use after breast conserving surgery, from 40% in 2016 to 1% after pathway implementation, p Conclusions When a multimodal nonopioid pain pathway was implemented, 99% of patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery did not require opioids after discharge.
Building a Culture of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Through Holistic Development in the Arab World’s Higher Education

Innovation is the action of creating new ideas, products, or processes etc. Creativity is the ability to produce and perform such innovative actions. The continuous nurturing and development of the innovation ability could result in creativity as a cultural attribute. In general, most creativity-inspiring efforts are focused on cognitive abilities, creative thinking, and creative problem solving. These efforts view creativity as a rational cognitive domain process. Fewer efforts address the affective aspect of creativity by focusing on the attributes and motivations of creative individuals. Limited efforts share the process thinking with the cognitive group and the affective aspect of creativity by emphasizing the human desire for fulfillment and self-actualization.
Considering Transformative Learning for Adolescents Enrolled at Semester Schools.

This study examines semester schools, which have elements associated with transformative learning, and an adolescent population, where transformative learning has less commonly been studied. We adm...
Immunizations in Pregnancy: Updated Recommendations.

Important new data on the immunology of immunization in pregnancy provide greater support for and information on the provision and timing of these immunizations.
Falling Through the Cracks: The Need to Include Acute Pancreatitis in Risk Assessment Models for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition caused by an insult to the pancreas. Pancreatitis is associated with local and systemic complications such as splenic vein thrombosis and systemic inflammatory response syndromes (SIRS), respectively. Pancreatitis increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) through a combination of increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and systemic vascular injury. However, DVT and pulmonary embolism remain under-recognized and underappreciated complications of acute pancreatitis as they fall through the cracks in the commonly used venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment model. We therefore propose that VTE prophylaxis needs to be considered by all clinicians when admitting and evaluating patients with acute pancreatitis and that acute pancreatitis needs to be included on the various VTE risk assessment calculators as it is a significant risk factor for the development of VTE.
The Foreign Trade and Industrial Ministries

In this chapter we shall reach down into the lower levels of the Soviet chain of command, to the ministries and their components, which are responsible for the operative tasks of buying, selling, producing, and using exports and imports. Despite their rank in the hierarchy, these agencies play an important role in foreign trade decision making for at least three reasons. First, since it is physically impossible to make all decisions at the central planning level, a broad measure of responsibility is deliberately delegated to subordinate agencies. The Ministry of Foreign Trade, for instance, is responsible for compiling the draft plans upon which the final export and import plans are based. When the final plans are issued, they are deliberately devoid of a great deal of detail on the specifications of goods that are to be bought and sold and on the specific foreign suppliers and purchasers that are to be dealt with. All of these details and more are intentionally left to be filled in at operative levels during the course of plan fulfillment.
Literature and Favoritism in Early Modern England: Leicester and his ghosts

It is an early Stuart commonplace to laud Queen Elizabeth for her skillful handling of the ambitions of her most powerful courtiers. Fulke Greville, for instance, in his Dedication to Sir Philip Sidney , praises Elizabeth for avoiding “the latitudes which some modern princes allow to their favorites as supporters of government and middle walls between power and the people's envy.” As a result of this wise policy, “she never chose or cherished a favourite – how worthy soever – to monopolise over all the spirits and business of her kingdom.” As has often been noted, this judgment seems to have at least as much to do with Greville's hostility to James and his government as with enthusiasm for the late queen's famous memory. Likewise Sir Robert Naunton, in his posthumously printed Fragmenta Regalia (1633, printed 1641): “Her ministers and instruments of state … were many, and those memorable. But they were only favorites not minions, such as acted more by her own princely rules and judgment than by their own will and appetites.” It is by no means clear that Naunton – a former client of Buckingham, once described as the duke's “creature” – wanted to criticize early Stuart government by his praise for Elizabeth. But his widely read account of Elizabeth's reign nevertheless formed the basis for a strain of politicized nostalgia in which the corrupt favoritism and domestic tyranny of James and Charles was contrasted with an idealized vision of the Elizabethan past in which the management of faction helped ensure a healthy state.
MAJOR SNOWFALL EVENTS IN THE GREAT PLAINS: TEMPORAL ASPECTS AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE

The purpose of this research is to develop a better understanding of the spatial and temporal aspects of central Great Plains snowstorms by: (1) identifying trends in the frequency of snow events, (2) determining the relative importance of significant snowfalls (those producing snowfall amounts of 10 cm or more), and (3) identifying temporal and/or latitudinal variations in the frequency of significant snowstorms. Using NCDC data from cooperative program weather stations along a north-south transect, summary statistics, correlation coefficients, and frequency histograms were generated. The results provided evidence of a highly variable spatial and temporal record. Significant snowstorms are more critical to total snowfall amounts in Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas. Although strong, regionally coherent temporal trends were not detected, a predominance of January through March snow events was observed. The greater frequency of January snowstorms coincides with the mean position of the polar front, while Februar...
Results of a Stemmed Bone Ingrowth HIP Resurfacing Arthroplasty in the Canine

A stemmed bone ingrowth hip resurfacing arthroplasty designed for use with bone deficient femoral heads raises concerns of stress shielding and is investigated in this study. Ten CoCr bone ingrowth hip resurfacing devices were implanted in five adult canines. Design consisted of a 6mm deep cylindrical cavity with porous beaded surface of 150um pore size and Imm nominal depth. A 3mm diameter smooth CoCr stem was eccentrically fixed to the component for additional fixation with threaded nut at the lateral cortex. Femoral head was reamed for interference fit with hole for the stem placed superiorly. Acrylic fixed polyethylene cups were used for acetabular components. Animals were followed with serial radiographs to sacrifice at 73 to 267 days. After sacrifice microradiographs of ground sections and histologic specimens were evaluated for bone ingrowth, remodeling, and femoral neck attenuation. All specimens showed well ingrown bone at the porous layer. Bone remodeling showed preservation of proximal femoral neck cancellous trabecular pattern and medial cortical support. Resorption of bone at the implant rim and femoral neck thinning were, however, present. Two specimens had neck thinning of 10% or less, four of 10 to 25%, three of 25 to 50%, and one greater than 50%. There was no correlation with time to sacrifice for parameters evaluated. Results indicate preservation of the compressive stresses through the femoral head. Resorption of bone at the rim and femoral neck attenuation, however, indicates load sharing between the implant and bone. Though a lower modulus material such as titanium would decrease load sharing, the geometrical design insures the presence of stress distribution anomalies.
He Didn't Want Me to Feel Sad: Children's Reactions to Disappointment and Apology

Experimental studies of children’s responses to apologies often present participants with hypothetical scenarios. This article reports on an experimental study of children’s reactions to experiencing an actual disappointment and subsequent apology. Participants (ages four to seven) were told that another child was supposed to share some attractive stickers with them. In the two primary conditions, the other child kept the stickers for himself or herself. Some participants received an apology from the other child, whereas others did not. Compared with children who did not receive the apology, the apology recipients: (1) reported feeling better; (2) viewed the other child as more remorseful; and (3) rated the other child as nicer. Support was found for a mediation model of apology: the positive effects of the apology on children’s emotions were accounted for by the effective signaling of remorse by the wrongdoer.
Chapter 9 Toward a Comprehensive Model of Comprehension

Abstract The goal of this chapter is to provide the foundation toward developing a more comprehensive model of reading comprehension. To this end, seven prominent comprehension models (Construction–Integration, Structure-Building, Resonance, Event-Indexing, Causal Network, Constructionist, and Landscape) are described, evaluated, and compared. We describe what comprehension models have offered thus far, differences and similarities between them, and what comprehension processes are not included within any of the models, and thus, what should be included in a comprehensive model. Our primary conclusion from the review of this literature is that current models of comprehension are not necessarily contradictory, but rather cover different spectrums of comprehension processes. Further, no one model adequately accounts for a wide variety of reading situations that have been observed and the range of comprehension considered thus far in comprehension models is too limited.
Single-dose and multidose prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy: A comparison of sodium cephalothin and metronidazole

A total of 79 patients underwent vaginal hysterectomy and were randomly assigned to three regimens of prophylactic antibiotics: multidose intravenous sodium cephalothin, single-dose intravenous sodium cephalothin, and single-dose oral metronidazole. Control groups were selected from two previous studies conducted at our institution. The incidence rates of infectious morbidity following all three regimens of antibiotics were substantially lower than in the control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of standard febrile morbidity and serious pelvic infections among the three groups. The fever index was lowest in the single-dose sodium cephalothin group.
Interpolating sequences in harmonically weighted Dirichlet spaces

We describe the interpolating sequences and weak interpolating sequences for the multiplier algebras of harmonically weighted Dirichlet spaces D(p) when μ is a finitely atomic measure.
A Convenient Method for the Determination of Metabolically Liberated C14O2

Because of the widespread use of carbon-14-labeled compounds in biochemical studies in which C14O2 is liberated, many ingenious methods have been devised for the trapping of the C14O2 for purposes of determining the radioactivity. We do not intend to review the literature on the subject. For a number of years our laboratory has been engaged in the study of γ-aminobutyric acid and the enzyme which fauns it from L-glutamic acid, glutamic decarboxylase (see [1]). Both γ-aminobutyric acid and the enzyme occur uniquely in the central nervous system of various vertebrate species. Since the decarboxylase has a relatively low turnover number under the optimal in vitro conditions, it is necessary to employ an extremely sensitive method, if small portions of nervous tissue are to be studied. Albers devised a micro method by which small amounts of C14O2 liberated from L-glutamic acid-C14 were trapped in Hyamine base and counted in a liquid scintillation counter [2]. Our method is essentially a modification of the latter procedure which enables the C14O2 to be trapped in Hyamine base contained in a regulation size counting vial, and to be counted under standard conditions without any additional pipetting, thus avoiding the inaccuracies introduced by further transfers.
Mirror Syndrome: A Rare, Potentially Life‐Threatening Obstetric Complication

Poster Presentation Background Mirror syndrome is a rare, potentially life‐threatening obstetric complication characterized by the development of maternal edema, hypertension, and proteinuria in association with fetal hydrops. Hydrops is diagnosed when there is accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal compartments. The maternal condition mirrors the edema present in the fetus and/or the placenta. Documented cases of mirror syndrome have been associated with fetal infections and malformations. We review the nursing care of a pregnant woman who developed mirror syndrome secondary to a fetal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). Sacrococcygeal teratomas are one of the most commonly diagnosed newborn tumors (1:40000) and arise from the sacrococcygeal region. They can be internal, external, solid, cystic, or a combination. Close surveillance of the mother and fetus is necessary as large solid tumors can result in fetal cardiac compromise and the development of hydrops. Hydrops increases the risk of fetal mortality and maternal morbidity. Case A 23‐year‐old G3P1011 presented for initial evaluation at 26 weeks 4 days gestation. A large mass consisting of solid and cystic components arising from the sacrum was identified on fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The estimated overall volume of the tumor was 642 ml. Placentomegaly was present. The plan for obstetric management included twice weekly fetal ultrasound surveillance and maternal evaluation. The planned mode of delivery would be cesarean with immediate neonatal SCT resection at 32 weeks gestation. Ultrasound at 31 weeks 1 day indicated an overall SCT volume of 1604 ml with continued placentomegaly but no additional evidence of fetal hydrops. Maternal assessment indicated elevated blood pressure, trace proteinuria, hyperreflexia, and slightly elevated liver enzymes. The woman was otherwise asymptomatic and admitted for observation. Laboratory studies showed increasing liver enzymes, and a cesarean birth was performed at 31 weeks 4 days gestation for impending mirror syndrome. The neonate was stabilized and transferred to an adjoining operating room where she underwent immediate resection of the tumor. The woman's symptoms resolved, and she was discharged within 72 hours. Conclusion Nurses were ideally suited to provide family‐centered and holistic care to this woman and her family. Nurses with varying areas of expertise participated in the care of this maternal/newborn dyad. Throughout the pregnancy, nurses were an integral part of the multidisciplinary team that provided clinical care, education, and psychosocial support. Comprehensive maternal assessment and evaluation resulted in the timely diagnosis and prompt intervention for mirror syndrome.
A hierarchical study of the mechanical properties of gypsum

The flexural strength of gypsum is reported for freestanding single crystals in three-point bending carried with a nanoindenter. The elastic modulus, splitting tensile strength, and fracture toughness of monolithic gypsum consisting of interlocking needle-like microcrystals are also reported as functions of porosity and accelerator addition. This study shows that geometric configurations, in addition to porosity, affect the mechanical properties of gypsum. The properties are improved by 50–100% when the crystal network changes from needle aggregates to one made up of homogeneous randomly oriented single crystals. An Ashby geometric model for open-cell foams is adopted to link the properties of the individual crystals and the bulk properties. The lower and upper bounds of the measured elastic modulus are in accordance with bending-dominated behavior and stretch-dominated behavior predicted by the model, respectively. However, the strength of gypsum is much lower than values predicted by the model, which is based failure on fracture of individual crystals, suggesting that the strength of monolithic gypsum may be instead controlled by the failure of weak intercrystalline contacts.
Tele-operated robot control using attitude aware smartphones

Smartphones have put video communications, computation, and proprioceptive sensing (e.g. accelerometers and gyros) into the hands of hundreds of millions of consumers. These small, microelectromechanical systems can be used in many applications, including remote control. This study proposes using smartphones with proprioception as handheld robot controllers and aims to determine feasibility of accelerometers as control inputs for tele-operation while defining heuristics for use. Initial results indicate accelerometers are suitable for tele-operation commands, but identify specific design characteristics meriting further investigation.
Analysis of the tricho-dento-osseous syndrome genotype and phenotype.

The tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome demonstrates kinky curly hair, thin-pitted enamel, taurodontism, and thickening of cortical bone. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the phenotypic variation of TDO in 3, previously unreported, kindreds and to examine possible candidates for the genomic TDO locus. Thirty-three affected and 20 unaffected individuals were recruited for prospective analysis. Participants were evaluated clinically and photographed by one examiner. Blood was drawn for genetic linkage analyses and radiographs were taken to assess dental and skeletal characteristics. All TDO individuals with teeth had generalized thin and/or pitted enamel hypoplasia. Taurodontism was present in all affected individuals, but was variably expressed. Unique kinky/curly hair at birth was reported in 85% of affected individuals. The curly hair phenotype was retained in 46% of affected individuals after infancy. Thick cranial bones, lack of visible pneumatization of the mastoid process, and/or obliteration of the calvarial diploe was seen in 97% of affected persons compared with 30% of the unaffected individuals. The findings suggest that curly hair at birth, enamel hypoplasia, and taurodontism are highly penetrant yet clinically variable components of TDO. The ABO, Kell, and Gc loci previously suggested to be linked to TDO were excluded as candidates in this TDO population. This investigation characterizes the marked variability in the expression of skeletal, hair, and dental manifestations. The broad range of TDO phenotypes seen in these families, including a variety of skeletal changes, does not support subdividing TDO into multiple subtypes based on subtle phenotypic differences.
Extended asymptotic model for the alkali-anion photodetachment cross sections and multipole polarizabilities

An analytically tractable extended asymptotic model for the response properties of weakly bound anions (small detachment energy $E$) is proposed and the ${2}^{l}$-pole polarizability, the sum rules, and the photodetachment cross section determined by the model are computed analytically. The model is based on the following two assumptions: (1) The alkali-anion valence orbital ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{0,\ensuremath{\gamma}}(r)$ may be approximated by its asymptotic form ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{0,\ensuremath{\gamma}}(r)\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{Nr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}r}$, as $r\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, where $N$ is a normalization factor and $\ensuremath{\gamma}={(2E)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. (2) The alkali-anion $l$-wave continuum states are approximated by analytic eigenstates determined by a one-parameter ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$-type pseudopotential. The pseudopotential parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is chosen to reproduce an appropriately defined representative $l$-wave electron-alkali phase shift. For the case of zero pseudopotential ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=l$), the model reduces to one successfully applied to the hydride anion. Dipole polarizabilities and photodetachment cross sections determined from the model for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{Na}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are compared with the numerical results of Moores and Norcross. Agreement is typically within 10-15% if the pseudopotential ($\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ne}l$) is included.
No Child Left Behind: Factory Models and Business Paradigms

(2006). No Child Left Behind: Factory Models and Business Paradigms. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 34-36.
Sex bias in hiring: Effects of job demands and applicant competence

Managers in a large corporation evaluated application materials representing one of eight hypothetical job candidates. In order to examine the effects of two types of information on sex bias, three factors were manipulated in a factorial design: (1) Applicants were either male or female engineers; (2) they appeared highly competent or moderately competent based on academic performance; (3) they were applying for an engineering job that entailed either technical engineering tasks or managerial tasks in addition to the technical tasks. Greater discrimination against women occurred in evaluations for the technical-managerial job, even with highly competent applicants. These results are explained in terms of ambiguity: Because it was not obvious that applicants would succeed on the additional managerial tasks, the evaluators resorted to stereotypes in order to make their predictions.
Seasonally limited host supply generates microparasite population cycles

Cycles in biological populations have been shown to arise from enemy-victim systems, delayed density dependence, and maternal effects. In an initial effort to model the year-to-year dynamics of natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes and their insect hosts, we find that a simple, nonlinear, mechanistic model produces large amplitude, period two population cycles. The cycles are generated by seasonal dynamics within semi-isolated populations independently of inter-annual feedback in host population numbers, which differs from previously studied mechanisms. The microparasites compete for a fixed number of host insect larvae. Many nematodes at the beginning of the year quickly eliminate the pool of small hosts, and few nematodes are produced for the subsequent year. Conversely, initially small nematode populations do not over-exploit the host population, so the surviving hosts grow to be large and produce many nematodes that survive to the following year.
PROCEDURES FOR IMPROVING PYRGEOMETER PERFORMANCE.

Abstract The actual performance of an Eppley pyrgeometer is compared to the desired theoretical performance. Several systematic errors are identified and evaluated in detail. The three most significant errors identified are due to 1) battery voltage uncertainties, 2) nonlinearity of circuitry at extreme temperature and 3) differential heating of the instrument. The elimination of the error due to differential heating is found to be essential to the successful calibration of the instrument. A pyrgeometer laboratory calibration technique is described. Pyrgeometer measurements made from aircraft are shown to have potential errors as large as 60 W m−2. These errors, however, do not significantly affect the net radiation provided the upward and downward facing pyrgeometers are at the same equilibrium temperature, and may be largely eliminated by making accurate temperature measurements of the KRS-5 dome and the cold junctions of the thermopile. The corrections considered in this paper not only reduce the absol...
Roentgenographic findings in the cervical spine in asymptomatic persons: a ten-year follow-up.

Study Design. The lateral roentgenographic findings in 159 initially asymptomatic persons were reviewed at a 10-year interval. A questionnaire was used at the time of the last roentgenogram to determine the incidence of pain. Objectives. To identify the number of persons who experienced pain during that 10-year period, describe the roentgenographic changes, and determine the association between the development of symptoms and roentgenographic findings. Summary of Background Data. It is well established that degenerative changes of the cervical spine increase with age and may occur in asymptomatic persons. However, it is unknown whether pain is more likely to develop in persons with degenerative changes than in those with normal roentgenograms. Methods. Lateral cervical roentgenograms were obtained in 200 asymptomatic persons, 100 women and 100 men, to obtain normal values of cervical lordosis and degenerative changes in persons aged 20–65 years. Ten years later, 159 participants had repeat roentgenograms and were administered a questionnaire regarding the presence or absence of pain. Results. There was an increase in the number of subluxations and an increase in degenerative changes. Pain developed in 15% of participants in the 10-year interval. The presence of degenerative changes at C6–C7 on the initial roentgenogram was a statistically significant predictor of pain. Conclusion. With age, there is an increase in the number of subluxations and the incidence and severity of degenerative changes. Pain is more likely to develop in persons with degenerative changes at C6–C7.
Test and recovery for fine-grained nanoscale architectures

The nanoscale devices are assumed to include up to 1012 devices/cm2 and they also include high defect densities of up to 10%, hence new test strategies are required to efficiently test and diagnose these devices in parallel with low number of test configurations and test architectures. This paper presents built-in self-test (BIST) and recovery increase procedures for molecular electronic devices. The proposed BIST procedure is a fine-grained technique that tests the nanoBlocks and switchBlocks in a nanoscale device. The nano device under test is divided into test groups each containing two nanoBlocks, i.e. test pattern generator (PG) and response generator (RG), and a switchBlock between these two nanoBlocks. Due to high defect density of nano devices, an efficient diagnostic procedure is required to be done after BIST procedure to achieve high recovery. The recovery is defined as the total number of obtained fault-free blocks using a test procedure to the total number of available fault-free blocks on a chip. The proposed recovery increase procedure increases the number of fault-free components by finding the location of faulty/fault-free blocks in a faulty test group in a tested device. Finally a defect map is created to be used by programming devices during configuration of the nanoFabric to avoid defective components. This results in a reliable system constructed using unreliable components. The proposed BIST procedure provides a complete coverage of the modeled faults (e.g. stuck-at, stuck-open, bridging, forward and reverse-biased diodes) and our simulation results show high recovery achieved using recovery increase procedure.
A never-ending search for the truth: Thermodynamics in the uncertain era of the internet

Abstract This article is based on the 20th Rossini Lecture delivered on 28 July 2014 at the opening of the 23rd International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics in Durban, South Africa. In the last several decades, enormous progress in material and computer sciences has led, in many scientific disciplines, to fundamental improvements in experimental measurement technologies. That, in combination with new communication technologies and gradually increasing societal commitment to support public scientific research, has resulted in an unprecedented growth in the “production” of the reported experimental results. These trends together with dramatically growing demand for thermophysical and thermochemical property data related to new chemical processes and products necessitated development of dynamic methods of critical data evaluation within a framework of the concept of Global Information Systems in Science which was developed and implemented for the field of thermodynamics at the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Principal advantages of this approach in comparison with the traditional static methods of critical data evaluation are illustrated. Major components of the developed system and its impact on such areas of human activities as information delivery, data publication, chemical process design, chemical product design, experiment planning, and education are discussed. The systems and software tools designed for global validation of experimental values are outlined. A variety of experimental data-driven technologies for thermophysical property prediction developed with the use of the elements of the Global Information System in Thermodynamics, including those based on surrogate mixture models, group contributions, QSPR, UNIFAC, and Monte Carlo molecular simulation, are described.
An improved implementation scheme for time-optimal commands using symmetric filters

This note presents a new approach of generating time-optimal commands for reducing vibrations in flexible systems with lightly damped modes. Existing schemes for real-time implementation of time-optimal commands requires expensive computations where non-convex parametric optimization problems are solved for different reference moves. For undamped systems, the time-optimal command is known to be symmetric. Based on this, a new design of symmetric filters is proposed that can be computed offline and tabulated for quick lookup. This reduces the on-line computational burden of deriving time-optimal profiles for undamped multi-mode flexible systems. The proposed approach is compared with existing input shaping based schemes in terms of computational requirement and system performance.
Response of extraabdominal desmoid tumors to therapy with imatinib mesylate.

BACKGROUND Desmoid tumor represents a rare monoclonal neoplasm arising from deep musculoaponeurotic structures and may occur sporadically or in association with the familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner syndromes. Desmoid tumors do not appear to demonstrate metastatic potential; however, local infiltrative growth results in significant morbidity and potential mortality. Although the delineation of optimal therapy for desmoid tumors has been confounded by several factors, surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy for a positive surgical margin remains the standard approach. Responses have been demonstrated to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, antiestrogen compounds, and a variety of other agents in small series. Imatinib mesylate appears to demonstrate inhibitory activity against multiple class 3 receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β, as well as c-kit. METHODS The authors performed immunohistochemical and qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis on nine desmoid tumor specimens that demonstrated consistent positivity for c-kit as well as PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. At the time of last follow-up, 2 patients had received therapy with imatinib mesylate at a dose of 400 mg twice daily. RESULTS Both patients demonstrated ongoing radiographic and clinical responses with a duration of 9 months and 11 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib mesylate has been reported to have activity against desmoid tumor, most likely because of c-kit and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinase activity inhibition, and warrants further study. The relative novelty of this agent and the lack of long-term toxicity data should prompt its use only in the salvage setting in which established local and systemic approaches fail to control disease. In addition, the use of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of this neoplasm preferably should be in the context of a formal prospective clinical trial. Cancer 2002;95:2373–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11029
Insulation by Solution 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) Coating: Effect of pH, Water, and MPS Content

We have investigated the effect of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) concentration, water content, and pH on the thickness and insulation quality of a MPS coating layer on a gold electrode obtained in an MPS solution in ethanol. We showed that controlling the MPS concentration, water content, and pH were all important for the insulation coating. With 1% MPS and 0% water, the coating rate remained well below 1 nm/h at all pH and at 2 and 8 nm/h in 0.1% MPS with 0.5% water at pH 9 and in 1% MPS with 1% water at pH 9, respectively. Furthermore, the surface of the MPS coating obtained with 0.1% MPS and 0.5% water at pH 9 was smooth for optimal binding surface stress induced detection resonance shift in a piezoelectric plate sensor. The width-mode resonance frequency of a piezoelectric plate sensor insulated with a MPS coating obtained in 0.1% MPS with 0.5% water at pH 9 for 36 h was shown to be stable for more than 24 h in a phosphate buffered saline solution.
Reduced fatigue in electrically stimulated muscle using dual channel intrafascicular electrodes with interleaved stimulation

Pairs of intrafascicular electrodes were implanted within single fascicles of the nerve innervating the gastrocnemius muscle in cats. Measurements were made of fatigue induced in the muscle by single and dual channel tetanic stimulation. The level and rate of fatigue induced by concurrent dual channel stimulation (pulses presented simultaneously to the two electrodes) did not differ significantly from that induced by single channel stimulation. However, a significant reduction in the level and rate of muscle fatigue was found with interleaved dual channel stimulation. The extent of reduction in fatigue was found to be inversely related to the amount of overlap in the axonal populations activated by each of the two electrodes.
Time‐span and risk of partner opportunism in strategic alliances

The temporalities of opportunism – a term that generally means “self‐interest seeking with guile” – have not been adequately examined in the literature. This article suggests that opportunism is a variegated phenomenon that can be better appreciated by exploring the role of its temporal dimension. Adopting this temporal approach, the article proposes a framework of partner opportunism in strategic alliances that incorporates the two fundamental dimensions of time and risk. It then discusses four types of partner opportunism in this comprehensive time‐risk framework. Finally, the article indicates directions for further research.
AMPK, the metabolic syndrome and cancer

The fuel-sensing enzyme 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a major role in the regulation of cellular lipid and protein metabolism in response to stimuli such as exercise, changes in fuel availability and the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin. Recent studies indicate that abnormalities in cellular lipid metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, possibly because of dysregulation of AMPK and malonyl-CoA, a closely related molecule. As we discuss in this article, several findings also point to a link between AMPK and the growth and/or survival of some cancer cells. Thus, it has been demonstrated recently that the tumor suppressor LKB1 is a kinase that has a major role in phosphorylating and activating AMPK, and that another tumor suppressor, tuberous sclerosis complex 2, is phosphorylated and activated by AMPK. In addition, other studies indicate that mammalian homolog of target of rapamycin (mTOR), which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and many types of cancer, is inhibited by AMPK.
A Hubble Instrument Comes Home: UW-Madison's High Speed Photometer

WSGC provided generous support to return the High Speed Photometer (HSP) to Wisconsin to be used for public education and outreach at UW Space Place. HSP was one of the original five science instruments built for and launched with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Declared to be federal surplus equipment in autumn 2011, HSP was acquired by UW Space Place and brought to Madison to be put on exhibit and used for public education. As the only research photometer built specifically for HST, HSP is an important part of the history of astronomical instrumentation and one of the most important astronomical instruments to come from Wisconsin.