cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SEMICLASSICAL DESCRIPTION OF PROTON STOPPING BY ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR TARGETS

In recent years there has been renewed interest in semiclassical methods of modeling atomic structure and collision dynamics. A class of many-body models applied to these problems are descendants of the original work by Kirschbaum and Wilets [Phys. Rev. A 21, 834 (1980)], who used momentum dependent pseudopotentials to exclude particles from quantum mechanically forbidden regions of phase space. These methods have been used for static, ground-state calculations for increasingly complex atoms, but the calculation of collision cross sections has to date been limited to fairly simple systems. This paper will consider the dependence of collision cross-section calculations on the parameters of the Kirschbaum-Wilets semiclassical model, present a general method for calculation of proton stopping powers by atomic targets, and present results for proton stopping by atomic targets ranging from He to Ne which agree quite well with experiments over a wide range of proton energies. A simple extension of the method to multicenter molecular targets will then be discussed, illustrated by the case of proton stopping by water.
When life imitates art: surrogate decision making at the end of life.

AbstractThe privileging of the substituted judgment standard as the gold standard for surrogate decision making in law and bioethics has constrained the research agenda in end-of-life decision making. The empirical literature is inundated with a plethora of “Newlywed Game” designs, in which potential patients and potential surrogates respond to hypothetical scenarios to see how often they “get it right.” The preoccupation with determining the capacity of surrogates to accurately reproduce the judgments of another makes a number of assumptions that blind scholars to the variables central to understanding how surrogates actually make medical decisions on behalf of another. These assumptions include that patient preferences are knowable, surrogates have adequate and accurate information, time stands still, patients get the surrogates they want, patients want and surrogates utilize substituted judgment criteria, and surrogates are disinterested. This article examines these assumptions and considers the challe...
733-6 Outcome of Patients Transplanted with Bypassed Donor Hearts

As the waiting list for donor hearts increases, innovative ways to expand the donor pool are being utilized. For urgent status I and older age recipients (ages 60–70 years), we have been using donor hearts with normal left ventricular function but with pre-existing coronary artery disease and performing saphenous vein bypass grafts (SVG) at the time of transplantation. We now report our short term results. Between March 1992 and June 1994, 10 patients (5 urgent status I with mean age 50.4 years and 5 older age patients with mean age 65.4 years) underwent cardiac transplantation in our institution having either 1, 2 or 3 SVGs performed at the time of transplant surgery. The mean donor age was 54.2 years. Six of 10 patients have survived to 1 year with 3 early deaths and 1 late death due to infection (2 patients), rejection and early graft failure. Autopsies revealed all SVGs to be patent in all 4 patients. At the first year coronary angiogram, 9 of 10 SVGs (in 6 patients) were found to be patent without significant stenoses present. Cardiac function at 1 year after transplant was as follows: Average Cardiac Function at 1 year post OHT RA (mmHg) PA (mmHg) PCW (mmHg) CO (L/min) LVEF (%) SVG patients 4 ± 2 17 ± 6 9 ± 4 6.4 ± 1.6 60 ± 4 Conclusion Patients transplanted with bypassed donor hearts appear to have normal cardiac function and acceptable short term survival considering their preop high risk status. A majority of SVGs remain patent at 1 year with coronary ischemia not appearing to be responsible for early mortality.
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS

Dworkin, Martin (Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.). Nutritional requirements for vegetative growth of Myxococcus xanthus. J. Bacteriol. 84:250–257. 1962.—This investigation was part of a program to clarify the environmental regulation of fruiting-body formation in a fruiting myxobacterium. By use of a dispersed-growing strain of Myxococcus xanthus, the nutritional requirements for vegetative growth have been defined. Exponential growth will take place on a medium containing 17 amino acids and salts. The generation time is 8 to 10 hr. Various optima have been established. There are no requirements for exogenous vitamins, and, with the exception of glycogen, a variety of organic materials do not significantly stimulate growth.
Highly sensitive chemical sensors by functional integration of nanoporous zeolites with photonic devices

Recently, we discovered that the nanoporous zeolite materials possess the unique combination of optical and chemical properties suitable for developing highly sensitive chemical sensors. This paper summarizes our recent work in developing such highly sensitive chemical sensors by functionally integrating zeolite thin films with optical fiber devices. These include the zeolite Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor and the zeolite thin film-coated thermal long period fiber grating sensor. Both types of sensors operate by monitoring the adsorption-induced optical refractive index changes in the zeolite thin film. The sensors were tested using various organic chemicals with different molecular sizes and in both vapor and liquid phases.
NATURE OF THE CURRENT REDUCTION IN THE PRIMARY COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY

The possible causes for the intensity decrease in primary cosmic rays as compared to the 1949-50 level are investigated. (W.D.W.)
Visemes observed by hearing-impaired and normal-hearing adult viewers.

A series of VCV nonsense syllables formed with 23 consonants and the vowels //, /i/, /u/, and // was presented on videotape without sound to 5 hearing-impaired adults and 5 adults with normal heari...
A semi-micro rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter

Abstract A semi-micro rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter is described. It is designed on the model of the Bartlesville stirred-water system, but is built into a Parr 1243 adiabatic calorimeter. Quartz thermometers are used to measure temperature. The 29 cm 3 bomb is platinum-lined, and requires 50 mg samples. The calorimeter constant is (4168.98 ± 2.23) J · K −1 . For five crystalline substances studied previously the derived standard molar enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K are Δ f H m o /(kJ · mol −1 ): naphthalene, (87.17 ± 1.53); anthracene, (125.54 ± 5.59); 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethan ( tcnq ), (666.09 ± 5.91); (1:1)-( N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethyl- p -phenylenediamine · tcnq ), (624.10±8.63); and diphenyldisulfide, 151.06.
Combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma

A total of 24 patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma were entered into a phase I–II study of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin, 21 of whom had previously received 5-FU. The starting dose of cisplatin was 20 mg/m2 diluted in 1000 cc normal saline, given over 20 h daily for 5 days, together with 600 mg/m2 5-FU diluted in 1000cc fluid, given simultaneously over 20 h daily for 5 days. This regiment was given every 4 weeks. The dose-limiting toxicity was renal and cumulative. All 24 patients were evaluable for toxicity. Of 12 patients on the abovementioned starting dose, 8 underwent a cisplatin dose reduction to 15 mg/m2 due to a progressive decrease in creatinine clearance following the second or third course of treatment. Of 12 patients who started cisplatin at 15 mg/m2 and 5-FU at 600 mg/m2, 11 were maintained at this dose. A WBC nadir count of<2000/mm3 was seen in four patients. Thrombocytopenia occurred in three patients who received 15 mg/m2 cisplatin and 600 mg/m2 5-FU. In all, 21 of the 24 patients had objectively measurable disease and were also evaluable for response as follows: 1 complete response, 2 partial responses, 1 case of stable disease, and 17 patients with progressive disease.
Risk factors for developing postprocedural microemboli following carotid interventions.

Purpose:To determine risk factors predictive of microemboli found on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) following carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) with distal protection and carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of all carotid interventions at a single institution between 2004 and 2006. In that time frame, 64 carotid interventions (34 CAS, 30 CEA) were performed in 63 male patients (mean age 69.5 years, range 52 to 91) with DW-MRI scans available for review. Patient characteristics, including age, gender, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity (body mass index >30), coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, and atrial fibrillation, were documented. For the CAS patients, anatomical and procedural characteristics, including fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, performance of an arch angiogram, and lesion anatomy, were recorded. Bivariate analyses were perfor...
THE OZARK CULTURE REGION AS REVEALED BY TRADITIONAL MATERIALS 1

ABSTRACT The Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas were used as a datum area in which to test the hypothesis that folk materials, if documented, may be used by the cultural geographer. Using folk materials such as folktales and folk speech, supported by evidence from other sources including U.S. Census returns, a distinctive cultural region of eleven counties within the Ozarks was identified. Ethnic and temporal evidence is presented concerning the patterns of occupancy of this localized folk group. Folk materials are of value to the cultural geographer as a source of documentation of settlement processes and may contribute to an understanding of the continuum of the changing occupancy of what is often a misunderstood and misrepresented region.
Order of phase transition in high temperature superconductivity

We present arguments that the phase transition in some of the newly discovered high temperature superconductors is first-order, unlike the usual Λ-transition.
Multiple scattering description of intermediate energy deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering.

The nonrelativistic multiple scattering formalism of Watson and Kerman, McManus, and Thaler is applied to the deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering system. An optical potential is constructed to second order in the nucleon-nucleon effective interaction t matrix and is organized in such a way that the usual Watanabe folding potential appears as the leading term. The Watanabe folding potential is constructed by integrating nucleon-nucleus optical potentials evaluated at half the deuteron incident kinetic energy over the deuteron s-state wave function. Corrections to the folding potential are identified which arise from deuteron-nucleon double scattering effects, the deuteron d state, virtual deuteron breakup, additional nuclear medium effects, additional target nucleon correlation effects, and relativistic processes. Many of these corrections do not appear in folding model approaches based on effective, rather than microscopic, deuteron-nucleus Hamiltonians. These additional multiple scattering corrections are second order in the nucleon-nucleon t matrix as is the case for the virtual deuteron breakup process which is often included in numerical calculations. Estimates of several of these additional multiple scattering corrections are provided for 700 MeV deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering. Most are found to be quite small. However, the additional effects of the nuclear medium beyond that already included in the input nucleon-nucleusmore » optical potentials are significant and are comparable in magnitude to the effects of virtual deuteron breakup. It is intended that this multiple scattering approach be applied to deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering at energies of several hundred MeV.« less
Mitochondria on the move

Interactions of mitochondria with the cytoskeleton are crucial for normal mitochondrial function and for localization of the organelle at its sites of action within cells. Early studies revealed a role for microtubule motors in mitochondrial motility in neurons and other cell types. Here, we describe advances in our understanding of mitochondrial movement and distribution. Specifically, we review recent studies on proteins that mediate or regulate the interaction between motor molecules and the organelle, motor-independent mechanisms for mitochondrial motility, anchorage of mitochondria at cortical sites within cells and links between mitochondria–cytoskeleton interactions and mitochondrial plasticity.
Berry’s phase for an electron in a periodic potential without inversion symmetry

Berry's phase is calculated for an electron in a simple one-dimensional solid. The model used is a generalized Kronig-Penney potential, parameterized so that it may or may not have inversion symmetry. It is shown that the Berry's phase as a function of an asymmetry parameter evolves from a linear to a non-linear form as inversion symmetry is broken. The functional form of the Berry's phase is seen to be band-dependent in a simple way, suggesting that it can be used to identify the band in question.
Classifying quality: Cognition, interaction, and status appraisal of art museums

Abstract How do experts assess the quality of fine art museums? While there is a well-developed body of sociological knowledge on evaluation and classification processes, there has been little work to treat museums as an object of inquiry. Yet guidance from the multidisciplinary museum literature only offers an undersocialized view of these organizations. I argue that museums offer a rich opportunity to study how classification, cognition, and interaction unfold in a developed field, because valuation processes are related to aesthetics in a particularly rich way. A diverse group of museum professionals offer their perspectives on organizational quality. The study finds that art professionals make an extensive range of symbolic distinctions in their understanding of quality, some of which are shared. How individuals compare museums to one another illuminates implicit status hierarchies and classification biases in cognition. A unique contribution of this study lies in the explication of different kinds of interactions between museums. In doing so, this study adds depth to prior work on evaluation, and breadth to research on inter-organization relationships.
Cochlodinium heterolobatum n.sp.: Structure and Some Cytophysiological Aspects*

SYNOPSIS. Structure and morphogenesis, and cytochemical data on Cochlodinium heterolobatum, a new species of unarmored dinoflagellate, were derived from living and fixed material from culture. C. heterolobatum is characterized by the torsion of the girdle which descends in a left-hand spiral 1.8 turns; the sulcus having a torsion of 0.8 turn; a sulcus loop in the epicone; a tongue-shaped lobe in the right hypocone; nucleus in the epicone; and a stigma in the left epicone. Trichocysts and behavior of the nucleus during typical and atypical divisions are described in cells from cultures of different ages. A small form with the specific characters was found. Intracellular bacteria were seen and their growth followed in individuals from cultures of different ages. A possible relationship between those bacteria and the accumulation of metabolites inside old cells is discussed.
How Many Words Can Your Students Read?: Using a Sign Language Game to Increase Sight Word Recognition

Finding interesting and motivating techniques that help students remember sight words is an ongoing dilemma in classrooms. By incorporating the use of sign language, and more specifically a game called Sign-o, into their day, teachers can increase students' recall and retention of sight words. This article discusses the rationale of using sign language, gives directions for playing Sign-o, provides extension activities, and includes a game board ready for duplication.
Low Temperature Silicon Oxidation with Electron Cyclotron Resonance Oxygen Plasma

Silicon was oxidized at low temperature with an oxygen plasma generated by an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source. The ECR source utilized a multicusp magnetic field formed by permanent magnets. Microwave power at 2.45 GHz was applied to the source and rf power at 13.56 MHz was applied to the sample stage. Si oxidation was studied as a function of source distance, pressure, microwave power, and rf power. The oxide thickness increases with microwave and rf power but decreases with source distance. The oxidation rate increases with pressure up to 12 mTorr, then decreases at higher pressure. The relative emission intensities in the plasma monitored using optical emission spectroscopy showed similar dependence on the source distance and microwave power. Oxidation temperature was estimated to be <100°C. Using ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the oxidized films were found to be close to that of thermal oxide with refractive index at 1.45 and oxygen to silicon ratio of 2. From the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements, the breakdown fields of these oxide films were 6.3 MV/cm and the fixed charge densities were 7x1010 cm-2.
The Polycomb Group Mutant esc Leads to Augmented Levels of Paused Pol II in the Drosophila Embryo

Many developmental control genes contain paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and are thereby "poised" for rapid and synchronous activation in the early Drosophila embryo. Evidence is presented that Polycomb group (PcG) repressors can influence paused Pol II. ChIP-Seq and GRO-Seq assays were used to determine the genome-wide distributions of Pol II, H3K27me3, and H3K4me3 in extra sex combs (esc) mutant embryos. ESC is a key component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates H3K27me3 modification. Enhanced Pol II occupancy is observed for thousands of genes in esc mutant embryos, including genes not directly regulated by PRC2. Thus, it would appear that silent genes lacking promoter-associated paused Pol II in wild-type embryos are converted into "poised" genes with paused Pol II in esc mutants. We suggest that this conversion of silent genes into poised genes might render differentiated cell types susceptible to switches in identity in PcG mutants.
Ab initio many-body study of cobalt adatoms adsorbed on graphene

Many recent calculations have been performed to study a Co atom adsorbed on graphene, with significantly varying results on the nature of the bonding. We use the auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo method and a size-correction embedding scheme to accurately calculate the binding energy of Co on graphene. We find that as a function of the distance $h$ between the Co atom and the sixfold hollow site, there are three distinct ground states corresponding to three electronic configurations of the Co atom. Two of these states provide binding and exhibit a double-well feature with nearly equal binding energy of $0.4$ eV at $h=1.51$ and $h=1.65$ \AA{}, corresponding to low-spin ${}^{2}$Co ($3{d}^{9}4{s}^{0}$) and high-spin ${}^{4}$Co ($3{d}^{8}4{s}^{1}$), respectively.
Diode-pumped continuous-wave Nd:glass laser.

The paper reports on diode-laser pumping of monolithic Nd:glass laser oscillators. End pumping with a single-stripe diode laser, a threshold of 2.2 mW, and a slope efficiency of 42 percent were observed on a 2-mm-long oscillator with a mode radius of 35 microns. The oscillator generated 2.5 mW of single-ended output power in many axial modes.
Scenic classification methods for image and video databases

The problem of scenic image classification is presented in the paper. On considering the specific nature of this problem, we propose a statistically data-based method, the Hidden Markov Model, to solve this problem. We segment an image and use the sequence of segments as the definition of the image; we then train a HMM on a test set of sequences/images to establish a classification. We present preliminary results on the use of a 1D HMM for classification of images as either indoor or outdoor.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The glycoproteins of seven vesiculoviruses are antigenically distinct

The glycoproteins prepared from 7 Vesiculoviruses were differentiated by their electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gels and by reactions with anti-viral and anti-glycoprotein sera.
Young Patients with Suspected Uncomplicated Renal Colic are Unlikely to Have Dangerous Alternative Diagnoses or Need Emergent Intervention

Introduction: In the United States there is debate regarding the appropriate first test for new-onsetrenal colic, with non-contrast helical computed tomography (CT) receiving the highest ratings fromboth Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the American Urological Association. This isbased not only on its accuracy for the diagnosis of renal colic, but also its ability to diagnose othersurgical emergencies, which have been thought to occur in 10-15% of patients with suspected renalcolic, based on previous studies. In younger patients, it may be reasonable to attempt to avoidimmediate CT if concern for dangerous alternative diagnosis is low, based on the risks of radiationfrom CTs, and particularly in light of evidence that patients with renal colic have a very high likelihoodof having multiple CTs in their lifetimes. The objective is to determine the proportion of patients witha dangerous alternative diagnosis in adult patients age 50 and under presenting with uncomplicated(non-infected) suspected renal colic, and also to determine what proportion of these patientsundergo emergent urologic intervention. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 12 months of patients age 18-50 presenting with “flankpain,” excluding patients with end stage renal disease, urinary tract infection, pregnancy and trauma.Dangerous alternative diagnosis was determined by CT. Results: Two hundred and ninety-one patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and fifteenpatients had renal protocol CTs, and zero alternative emergent or urgent diagnoses were identified(one-sided 95% CI [0-2.7%]). Of the 291 encounters, there were 7 urologic procedures performedupon first admission (2.4%, 95% CI [1.0-4.9%]). The prevalence of kidney stone by final diagnosiswas 58.8%. Conclusion: This small sample suggests that in younger patients with uncomplicated renal colic, thebenefit of immediate CT for suspected renal colic should be questioned. Further studies are neededto determine which patients benefit from immediate CT for suspected renal colic, and which patientscould undergo alternate imaging such as ultrasound. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(2):269–275.]
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for non-linear singular (descriptor) systems

Abstract Non-linear singular (descriptor) systems of the form E[xdot] = f(x, t) are considered and an expression for the set of admissible initial conditions is given. The existence and uniqueness theorem of solutions is proved, solvability is defined, and a sufficient condition for solvability is obtained.
The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is amongst the most frightening reactions that any physician will face. What often separates life and death is the acute management, including the proper use of epinephrine. In this review, the differential diagnosis and management plan are outlined.
Bisphosphonate drug holiday: choosing appropriate candidates

Osteoporosis related fractures contribute to morbidity and mortality in U.S. patients, placing a heavy financial burden on society. Randomized clinical trials involving over 30,000 subjects have established bisphosphonates’ efficacy in reducing the incidence of fragility fractures. However, as bisphosphonates are retained for years in the skeleton, reports of adverse events from prolonged use are surfacing in the literature, namely, esophageal cancer, atrial fibrillation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and atypical fracture development. The concept of a drug holiday has been proposed to potentially reduce incidence of these adverse events. This review will highlight the benefits and risks of bisphosphonate therapy and discuss the extension data available from the bisphosphonate trials. As randomized clinical trial evidence is not yet available on who may qualify for drug holiday, this review will provide suggestions for clinicians on identification of possible candidates and monitoring during a bisphosphonate drug holiday.
Thermoelectric Properties of Solution Synthesized Nanostructured Materials

Thermoelectric nanocomposites made by solution synthesis and compression of nanostructured chalcogenides could potentially be low-cost, scalable alternatives to traditional solid-state synthesized materials. We review the progress in this field by comparing the power factor and/or the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, of four classes of materials: (Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3, PbTe, ternary and quaternary copper chalcogenides, and silver chalcogenides. We also discuss the thermal conductivity reduction associated with multiphased nanocomposites. The ZT of the best solution synthesized materials are, in several cases, shown to be equal to or greater than the corresponding bulk materials despite the generally reduced mobility associated with solution synthesized nanocomposites. For the solution synthesized materials with the highest performance, the synthesis and processing conditions are summarized to provide guidance for future work.
Reply to Harnad

A. What is the current status of theory in radical behaviorism? Radical behaviorism is antitheoretical in the sense that it attacks and rejects traditional explanations of behavior in terms of internal initiating causes. It is anti-creationist. It turns instead, as Darwin did, to the selection of presumably random variations by contingencies of survival (ethology) and contingencies of reinforcement (the experimental analysis of behavior). In that analysis, rate of responding is taken as a basic datum and studied as a function of many contingencies of reinforcement. The results are factual, not theoretical. The analysis has “matured” by successfully analyzing more and more complex arrangements of variables. If rate of responding is taken as a measure of probability of response, an element of theory no doubt arises, and theory may be necessary in interpreting facts about behavior which are out of reach of precise prediction and control. As in modern astronomy, a laboratory science of behavior will continue, I believe, to give the best possible explanation of facts beyond experimental control – events in the world at large in the case of behavior, the waves and particles reaching the earth from outer space in the case of astronomy. The depth and breadth of both fields depend not upon improvements in theory but upon success in the analysis of presumably similar phenomena where some degree of prediction and control is possible.
The protein that binds to DNA base J in trypanosomatids has features of a thymidine hydroxylase

Trypanosomatids contain an unusual DNA base J (b-D-glucosylhydroxymethyluracil), which replaces a fraction of thymine in telomeric and other DNA repeats. To determine the function of base J, we have searched for enzymes that catalyze J biosynthesis. We present evidence that a protein that binds to J in DNA, the J-binding protein 1 (JBP1), may also catalyze the first step in J biosynthesis, the conversion of thymine in DNA into hydroxymethyluracil. We show that JBP1 belongs to the family of Fe 2þ and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and that replacement of conserved residues putatively involved in Fe 2þ and 2-oxoglutarate-binding inactivates the ability of JBP1 to contribute to J synthesis without affecting its ability to bind to J-DNA. We propose that JBP1 is a thymidine hydroxylase responsible for the local amplification of J inserted by JBP2, another putative thymidine hydroxylase.
Are Concerns About Reliability in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy Fair Grounds for a Hasty Dismissal

> Preconceived notions are the locks on the door to wisdom. > > — Merry Browne Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-based intravenous chelation therapy on cardiovascular outcomes.1,2 A total of 1708 stable patients >50 years of age with a previous myocardial infarction were enrolled at 134 North American sites and followed for a median of 55 months. The overall results showed that chelation therapy reduced the risk of primary major adverse cardiac events plus end point—a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for angina.2 Article see p 15 In this report, the TACT investigators present the results of a prespecified subgroup analysis in the diabetic cohort.3 The investigators used an expanded definition of diabetes mellitus compared with what was prespecified in trial design1 or reported previously.2 As a result, the size of the cohort increased from 538 to 633, and the number of primary end point events accrued increased from 169 to 197. The principal finding is that chelation therapy was associated with a reduction in the primary MACE plus and secondary stringent MACE end point—a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke. In contrast, chelation failed to yield benefit in patients without diabetes mellitus (nominal P for interaction=0.0037). There was no significant heterogeneity in treatment effect across individual end points. The treatment benefit was observed independent of changes in lipid or glycemic control. Although randomization was not stratified by diabetes mellitus status, there was sufficient overlap and balance between treatment arms to ensure valid causal estimates. The investigators appropriately conclude that although treatment benefit with chelation is suggested, additional studies are warranted to replicate the findings and determine the mechanism of action. Several findings …
Fundamental frequency modeling for corpus-based speech synthesis based on a statistical learning technique

The paper proposes a novel two-layer approach to fundamental frequency modeling for concatenative speech synthesis based on a statistical learning technique called additive models. We define an additive F/sub 0/ contour model consisting of long-term (intonational phrase-level) component and short-term (accentual phrase-level) component, along with a least-squares error criterion that includes a regularization term. A backfitting algorithm, that is derived from this error criterion, estimates both components simultaneously by iteratively applying cubic spline smoothers. When this method is applied to a 7,000 utterance Japanese speech corpus, it achieves F/sub 0/ RMS errors of 28.9 and 29.8 Hz on the training and test data, respectively, with corresponding correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.77. The automatically determined intonational and accentual phrase components behave smoothly, systematically, and intuitively under a variety of prosodic conditions.
Collagenolysis by Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Lines

Human gingival fibroblast cell lines were initiated in flask cultures from four periodontal patients with the diagnoses of periodontitis (two patients), fibromatosis, and Dilantin hyperplasia. The collagenolytic propensity of these fibroblasts cultivated on collagen-coated cover slips and the inhibitory effect of serum were evaluated by direct microscopic observations.
Product robust design via accelerated degradation tests

Accelerated degradation tests (ADTs) are often applied for assessing the reliability of highly reliable products, but it is realized that ADT experiment can also be used as a tool for improving product design. In particular, when external stress factors are not constants in a product-s use environment, it is necessary to utilize ADT experiments to investigate the interaction between these stress factors and product design factors so that a robust design, which is insensitive to external stress factors, can be obtained. In this paper, a methodology is developed for achieving product robust design via ADTs. We present a degradation model that can be used for studying the effects of design and stress factors on degradation rate. Model parameter estimation is obtained by the maximum likelihood method and an optimization procedure is derived for finding the best setting of design factors that can minimize the effect of stress variation. Finally, the proposed method is validated by a case study of window wiper switch experiment.
BIODEGRADATION AND RECYCLING POTENTIAL OF BARRIER COATED PAPERBOARDS

Four commercial barrier coated boards (i.e., internally-sized uncoated board, one-side polyethylene coated board, double-side polyethylene coated board, and multilayer laminated board) were examined for biodegradation using a soil burial approach on a laboratory scale. It was observed that the base-boards were fully biodegradable in a matter of weeks or months, and the degradation process could be accelerated either by sample size modification or enrichment of the soil microbial population. Freezing pretreatment of boards or the fiber directionality of boards had no influence on the rate of degradation. The boards were also found to be recyclable following a simple procedure of re-slushing and screening. The base-boards became almost fully separated from the polyethylene coated material without any special pretreatment.
Influence of polybenzimidazole main chain structure on H2/CO2 separation at elevated temperatures

Four polybenzimidazole (PBI) derivatives were prepared to study the effects of main chain chemistry and structure on H2/CO2 perm-selectivity of cast films. These structural variations were designed to exhibit high localized mobility at elevated temperatures, contain rigid and bent configurations that frustrated close chain packing, or possess bulky side groups. The modified PBIs exhibited high molecular weights, slightly lower thermal stabilities, and higher organo-solubilities compared with commercial m-PBI. Dilute polymer solutions (<3.0 wt%) were used to fabricate high quality thin films under carefully optimized film processing conditions. Gas permeation properties of these PBI films were evaluated at elevated temperatures (up to 250 °C) and pressures (up to 50 psia). It was found that the main chain structural variations effectively disrupted the PBI chain packing resulting in much improved film H2 permeability (up to 997.2 barrer) compared with m-PBI (76.81 barrer) at 250 °C and 50 psia. However, lower H2/CO2 selectivities (5–7 (modified PBIs) versus 23 (m-PBI)) were also measured and reflected the general trade-off between gas permeability and selectivity. When tested at 250 °C, PBI-based materials exhibited gas separation performance higher than the Robeson upper bound prediction and are promising materials for high temperature H2 separation from syngas.
Juvenile arrests--it's a crime.

Crime committed by children is on the increase. Dentists who treat children should be acquainted with the extent of criminal activities in which children in our cities, suburbs, and rural areas participate. Language: en
Bottomfeeding: How The USDA’s Noodling With Catfish Regulations Violates the United States’ WTO Obligations

In 2008, Congress passed the Farm Bill with an amendment to the Federal Meat Inspection Act, which shifted the authority to regulate catfish and catfish products from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), an agency that had no history of overseeing the inspection of seafood. The USDA, as required by law, drafted a proposed rule detailing this regulatory shift and sent it to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on June 3, 2014; the rule was then finalized on November 25, 2015. While the domestic catfish industry and its supporters advocated for the speedy publication of the final USDA rule, foreign exporters of catfish to the United States considered it to be a thinly veiled attempt to prevent the entry of catfish from countries like Vietnam. Given that the rule has been finalized, this Article details the set of allegations that Vietnam, or any foreign exporter of catfish, could bring before a World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel in which it would assert a violation of the WTO’s Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Ultimately, this Article concludes that, if the United States seeks to avoid a WTO dispute settlement, the only recourse is to repeal the provisions contained within the 2008 and 2014 Farm Bills and allow the authority to inspect catfish and catfish products to revert to the FDA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38K264 * J.D. Candidate, American University Washington College of Law, 2017. The author would like to extend her deepest gratitude to John Connelly, Warren Connelly, Joel Roberson, and Chuck Tobin for their constant guidance and insight in the creation of this piece. She would also like to thank the entire staff of the Berkeley Journal of International Law for their tireless efforts and valuable suggestions throughout the publication process. Finally, the author would like to thank her family for engaging in conversations about catfish for the last two years. Published by Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, 2015 Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol. 33, Iss. 2 [2015], Art. 2 2015] BOTTOMFEEDING: USDA CATFISH REGULATIONS 349
Selecting OTC Products for Coughs and Colds

The cold season offers many opportunities for the pharmacist to help patients select appropriate products. Actively exercising this opportunity can bring professional satisfaction and strengthen the pharmacist-patient bond.
WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM N< N!?

There is a certain ambiguity in this phrase which the reader will do well to notice. When one says 'such and such a theoremn is alminost obvious' one mnay mean one or other of two things. One may mnean 'it is difficult to doubt the truth of the theorem,' 'the theoremn is such as comnmnon sense intuitively accepts,' as it accepts, for examitple, the truth of the propositions '2 + 2 = 4' or 'the base angles of isosceles triangles are equal'. Th-at a theoremn is 'obvious' in this sense does not prove that it is true, since the mnost confident of the intuitive juclgmnents of comnmnon sense are often found to be mnistaken; a'nd even if the theoremn is true, the fact that it is also 'obvious' is no reason for not proving it, if a proof cacn be found. The object of mathematics is to prove that certain premises imply certain conclusions; and the fact that the conclusions mnay be as 'obvious' as the premnises never detracts from the necessity, acnd often not even from the interest of the proof . But somnetimes (as for the example here) we mean by 'this is allmost obvious' somnething quite clifferent fromn this. We mnean 'a momnent's reflection should not only convince the reader of the truth of what is stated, but should also stuggest to himn the general lines of a rigorous proof'. And often, when a statemuent is 'obvious' in this sense, one mnay well omit the proof, not because the proof is unnecessary, but becatuse it is a waste of time to state in detail what the reader can easily supply for himself.'
Enhanced Surface Properties of Branched Poly(ether sulfone) from Semifluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxanes.

Hybrid systems in which poly(ether sulfone) (PESU) chains are grafted to semifluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cores are expected to integrate the advantages of both fluoropolymers and POSS into the polymer system to yield excellent surface properties. For that purpose, we synthesized a novel octa-functional perfluorocyclopentenyl–POSS (PFCP–POSS), which was used as a “core” grafting point. Commercial PESU was successfully grafted to PFCP–POSS via the nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction between the phenolic chain ends and reactive PFCP moieties to yield a hybrid branched polymer possessing a semifluorinated POSS core. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, neutron reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy indicated that the preparation of nanostructured polymer surfaces occurs by migration of the low surface energy components (PFCP–POSS molecules), while POSS aggregation is suppressed by covalent attachment to the long PESU chains. The resulting PFCP–POSS modified PESU films were h...
Chinese Student Migrants and American Religious Organizations (中国留学生移民与美国宗教信仰团体)

China has been among the top nations sending international students to the United States, and there many American religious organizations have served Chinese student migrants on and off campus. This article examines these organizations’ missions and strategies for recruiting Chinese students and the students’ varying responses. It also discusses the role of these organizations in Chinese migrant communities, especially concerning migrants’ ethnic identity, community building, and local integration. The analysis is based on extensive interviews with both student migrants and the leaders of religious organizations in a Midwestern American city, as well as on participant observation in various programs of these organizations. Highlighting the historical context of the four waves of Chinese student migration since 1978, this article argues that there is no single pattern of students’ relations with religion (particularly Christianity, in the case of this study), and their experience is not necessarily a story of one-way religious conversion but part of broader cultural engagement and transformation for both student migrants and American religious organizations. This cultural interaction has important implications, given the current surge of Chinese travelling and migrating to the United States and the opportunities and challenges for US -China relations in this new era of China’s rise. 中国是在美外国留学生最大的输出国之一，在美国校园内外也有很多宗教信仰团体服务这些中国留学生。本文考察这些团体招收和接触中国学生的宗旨和策略，学生们对此不同的回应，以及这些团体在中国移民社区中的作用，特别是在社区建设，身份认同和当地融入方面的影响。分析主要基于在美国中西部一个城市的调查，包括对学生移民和宗教信仰团体领导者的采访和对相关活动的参与式观察。本文突出1978年后四次中国留学生移民浪潮的历史环境，揭示学生们与宗教间（基督教是本文主要考察对象）的关系没有一个单一的模式。她们的经历也不一定是一种单向的宗教皈依； 更好的办法是将其看成一种更广泛意义上的对学生移民和美国宗教信仰团体同样适用和有效的文化对话和转化。这种文化互动在当下中国人到美国旅游和移民数量的剧增，及在中国崛起新形势下中美关系所面对的机遇和挑战的背景下更是意义深远。
The Imperial Legacies of Television within Europe

The article argues for creating a mutually beneficial connection between postcolonial and television studies in order to understand how imperial legacies have shaped contemporary television regions. What it contributes to this work, more specifically, is the beginnings of a postcolonial account of intra-European broadcast regions. As both the original center of colonialism and the site of recent global economic, social and cultural crises, Europe is a major reference point in such attempts to re-historicize “empire” in order to understand industrial and ideological configurations within present-day media regions. I zoom in on three examples to highlight the imperial layers that have informed television in Europe: industrial collaborations between East and West, the imperial vestiges of 1960s to 1970s historical adventure series, and the imperial connections that tie together forms of TV comedy across Europe. The three examples demonstrate an opportunity to bypass the obligatory nation-state framework and ...
Heritage language learners' perceptions of acquiring and maintaining the Spanish language

ABSTRACTThe number of heritage language learners in American universities is increasing each year. Similar to monolingual students, this subgroup of learners is required to complete university level ‘foreign language’ coursework, which can be a source of anxiety. Particularly, this subgroup of learners may experience high levels of anxiety due to their low levels of heritage language proficiency because they may think they should already know their heritage language or they may think others will think they should already know their heritage language. This qualitative study investigated 11 university-level Hispanic heritage speakers’ experiences of acquiring and maintaining the Spanish language. The model developed from the interview sessions illustrates that participants’ perceptions of their Spanish language background impacted their Spanish language experiences. Although participants in this study had various levels of Spanish proficiency, they expressed how their lack of formal educational experiences ...
Vaccine Design: Replication-Defective Adenovirus Vectors

Replication-defective adenovirus (Ad) vectors were initially developed for gene transfer for correction of genetic diseases. Although Ad vectors achieved high levels of transgene product expression in a variety of target cells, expression of therapeutic proteins was found to be transient as vigorous T cell responses directed to components of the vector as well as the transgene product rapidly eliminate Ad vector-transduced cells. This opened the use of Ad vectors as vaccine carriers and by now a multitude of preclinical as well as clinical studies has shown that Ad vectors induce very potent and sustained transgene product-specific T and B cell responses. This chapter provides guidance on developing E1-deleted Ad vectors based on available viral molecular clones. Specifically, it describes methods for cloning, viral rescue and purification as well as quality control studies.
Evidence for protein kinase C involvement in arteriolar myogenic reactivity.

Little information exists as to the cellular events that couple the myogenic contractile response of an arteriole to an acute rise in intravascular pressure. The aim of this study was to examine wh...
Varicella Vaccination: An Overview for the Occupational Health Nurse

1. Varicella-zoster virus is highly communicable. Non-immune adults are susceptible to infection and, if infected, have increased risk of complications. 2. Adult varicella infection poses significant economic loss for the infected employee and potentially for exposed coworkers and the employer. Health care employers also must be concerned about transmission of varicella infection to clients. 3. Varicella vaccine is now available, well tolerated, and prevents infection in approximately 94% of vaccinees. The occupational health nurse needs to consider varicella vaccination for employees susceptible to infection.
SP710SERUM FOLATE LEVELS AND MORTALITY IN A COHORT OF INCIDENT US HEMODIALYIS PATIENTS

Author(s): Qader, Hemn; Streja, Elani; Obi, Yoshitsugu; Rhee, Connie M; Moradi, Hamid; Kovesdy, Csaba; Mehrotra, Rajnish; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kam
Switch Hitters: How League Involvement in Daily Fantasy Sports Could End the Prohibition of Sports Gambling

Whether in the form of lotto tickets or casino table games, gambling is legally permitted in some way in virtually every U.S. state. Yet, in all but a handful of jurisdictions, federal law prohibits wagering on sporting events or professional athletes in any form. Several economically challenged states, particularly New Jersey, have been trying to authorize sports gambling within their borders as a way to raise tax revenues and support their local gambling industries. While these attempts have thus far been unsuccessful, Daily Fantasy Sports have simultaneously experienced a meteoric rise, becoming a multi-billion dollar industry. This Note examines the legal framework governing sports gambling and the grey area in which Dailey Fantasy Sports providers have been allowed to operate. It then analyzes Daily Fantasy Sports legally and qualitatively, concluding that they constitute a form of illegal sports gambling that has largely escaped regulation. Particular emphasis is placed on the hypocritical role that the major North American professional sports leagues have played in Daily Fantasy Sports’ explosive growth, while they simultaneously oppose sports gambling and fight in court to block any attempts for its legalization. Finally, this Note presents professional sports league involvement in Daily Fantasy Sports as an opportunity for states and the larger American gambling industry to gain the political capital necessary to repeal the federal sports gambling prohibition, and explores the rising tide of public and political support toward legalized sports betting on a state piecemeal basis.