cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Padioactive Elemental Distribution in the Granjlite Terrains and Dearwar Schist Belis of Peninsular India

Abstract Whole-rock gamma-ray spectrometric data for U, Th and K contents of 133 samples belonging to the granulite belts of North Arcot-Pallavaram (NAP), Eastern Ghats (EG) and Kondapalli and the greenstone gneiss belts of Sargur, Holenarsipur and Kclar are presented. The data reveal that the grarulite and greenstone belt rocks have distinctive radioelement abundances and characrerisric enrichment patterns for U and Th in relation to K. The main rocks aralysed from. the granulite belts include pyroxene granulites, charrockites, associated anorthcsites and migmatite gneisses. They are divided into two broad groups on the basis of their silica content; (a) intermediate and basic rooks with SiO 2 , content less than 65%, and (b) more acidic rocks with SiO 2 content greater than 65%. Compared with normal magmatic rocks the more basic granulites and charnockites are depleted in U and Th in relation to K. The more acidic rocks, however, have higher concentrations of all three elements and high Th/U ratios, indicating enrichment of Th over U. Later quartzo-feldspathic rocks intrusive into the charnookite-pyroxene granalite group shew higher concentrations of all three radioelements and a higher Th/U ratio. These show depletion in U but enrichment in Th in relation to K. The main rocks from the Dharwar schist belts include amphibolites and associated gneisses, granites and the “Champion gmeiss”, These show a relavive enriohment of U and Th in relation to K, in marked contrast to the patterns of the radioelemental ratios in the granulite belt. The significance is discussed of the contrasting trends of the radioelement distribution in the granulite and greenstone belts.
BIOLOGICAL MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE TESTING OF THE TOXICITY OF BIOMATERIALS

An increasing number of medical items, classified as medical devices, are being manufactured, distributed and used for the saving of lives, prolongation of life, and in all aspects of health care. These items can range from heart valves to disposable plastic syringes. Presently, it is estimated that approximately 3, 000 to 4, 000 firms are manufacturing approximately 20, 000 medical devices of one type or another. The 1974 market value for these items is estimated to range from $3 billion to $5 billion, and this figure is expected to increase significantly in the next five years.
Abstract 1309: Network as a biomarker to predict drug candidates: Mapping driver dysregulated target networks onto pharmacologic data-derived drug networks identifies cardiac glycosides as the potential treatment of Group 3 medulloblastomas

Background: Medulloblastoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors that consists of four subtypes with distinct genomic signatures. Two of these subgroups are defined by a single dysfunctional signaling pathway, WNT and SHH respectively, which has raised the prospect of taking a rational target based approach to the development of new therapies. Conversely, the other 2 sub-types, Groups 3 and 4, which compose 60-65% of total medulloblastoma cases, are associated with much more complicated genetic, epigenetic and genomic contents and display significant intragroup heterogeneity. In addition, Group 3 are associated with the worst prognosis among all the subgroups and are frequently metastatic at presentation which makes the need for novel approaches to drug discovery for these tumors particularly acute. Results: We developed a computational systems biology method that incorporates novel algorithms for driver signaling network identification (DSNI) and drug functional network-(DFN) based drug repositioning to integrate multiple types of genomics profiles for Group 3 MB patients with human cancer signaling pathways resources and gene expression profiles of 1,309 drugs in CMAP with drug structure information and effects. By applying the DSNI-DFN method on Groups 3 MB data we identified five members of the cardiac glycoside family, a group of Na/K pump inhibitors best known for their role in the treatment of heart failure, as potential inhibitors of driver dysregulated network of the Groups 3 MB. We were subsequently able to validate this finding in cell culture where all 5 compounds lead to significant growth inhibition of Group 3 derived medulloblastoma cell lines. Members of the cardiac glycoside family showed efficacy in vivo in animal models inhibiting proliferation. Digoxin significantly prolonged survival in both PDOX models of Group 3 medulloblastoma (ICb-2055) at a dose which resulted in plasma trough levels similar to those targeted in cardiac patients receiving digoxin. Digoxin-treated mice (n=10) had a median survival of 180 days compared to a median survival of 102 in untreated controls (n=8) (P Citation Format: Lei Huang, Sarah Garrett Injac, Xiaonan Li, Adesina Adekunle, Hong Zhao, Ching Lau, Stephen Wong. Network as a biomarker to predict drug candidates: Mapping driver dysregulated target networks onto pharmacologic data-derived drug networks identifies cardiac glycosides as the potential treatment of Group 3 medulloblastomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1309.
Right shoulder pain in an athletic 14-year-old girl

A 14-year-old athletic girl with a history of intermittent aches and pains following sports presented with right shoulder pain after a fall during basketball. On examination, tenderness over the anterolateral deltoid to the mid-humeral shaft was noted, extremes of shoulder movement were limited, but no deformity was present. No other injuries were present. A right shoulder X-ray was requested (figure 1). Figure 1 Right shoulder X-ray. 1. What abnormalities are visible on the shoulder X-ray? 2. What is the most likely diagnosis? 1. Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus. 2. Subluxation of the shoulder. 3. Malignancy. 4. Hyperparathyroidism. 5. Scoliosis. 6. Severe vitamin D deficiency. 3. What investigation is most likely to reveal the underlying diagnosis? 1. Y-scapula view of the right shoulder. 2. Serum bone profile. 3. Radioisotope bone scan. 4. MRI of the right shoulder. 5. Skeletal survey, including full spine X-ray. 6. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D …
Clinical effect of liver transaminase abnormalities after ablation of ovarian cancer.

e17042Background: At initial presentation, patients with ovarian cancer often have disease involving the upper abdomen and specifically the liver (surface or parenchyma). The object of this study w...
The Socialist Film System

This chapter describes the history and reforms of the Chinese Socialist film system, which conditioned the development of Chinese art cinema in the Reform Era. Based on central-planning and largely dispensed with a free film market, the Socialist film system was a stalwart component of Socialist mass culture. Due to the double cultural and economic roles played by cinema, the reform of the Chinese film industry took a more tortuous course than many other industrial sectors. The reform started tentatively in the 1980s, broke through in the 1990s, and finally went full blown in the new millennium. The transitional period of the 1990s effectively facilitated the rise of the second art wave and helped to cultivate its alternative character.
Survival Differences in Women and Men After Septal Myectomy for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Importance Recent data indicate that women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are older and more symptomatic at presentation and have worse clinical outcomes than men. However, to our knowledge, there are no large studies of the association of patient sex with outcomes after surgical myectomy. Objective To analyze preoperative characteristics and overall survival of women and men undergoing septal myectomy for obstructive HCM. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, single-center study included the clinical data of adult patients who underwent septal myectomy from January 1961 through April 2016. Data analysis occurred from December 2017 to December 2018. Exposures Septal myectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures Survival. Results A total of 2506 adults were included; 1379 patients (55.0%) were men. At the time of surgery, women were older, with median (IQR) age of 59.5 (46.6-68.2) years vs 52.9 (42.9-62.7) years in men (P Conclusions and Relevance In this large cohort of surgical patients with obstructive HCM, we observed significant differences at clinical presentation between women and men, in that women were older and more symptomatic. However, after adjustment for important baseline prognostic factors, there was no survival difference after septal myectomy by sex. Improved care of women with obstructive HCM should focus on early identification of disease and prompt surgical referral of appropriate patients who do not respond to medical treatment.
A Statistical model for quantized AC block DCT coefficients in JPEG compression and its application to detecting potential compression history in bitmap images

We first develop a probability mass function (PMF) for quantized block discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in JPEG compression using statistical analysis of quantization, with a Generalized Gaussian model being considered as the PDF for non-quantized block DCT coefficients. We subsequently propose a novel method to detect potential JPEG compression history in bitmap images using the PMF that has been developed. We show that this method outperforms a classical approach to compression history detection in terms of effectiveness. We also show that it detects history with both independent JPEG group (IJG) and custom quantization tables.
Abstract 347: Identification of poziotinib alone or in combination with TDM1 as a pan-HER2 inhibitor

Clinical studies of HER2 targeting agents have shown mutational variant & cancer-specific differences in patient outcomes. Furthermore, the drug sensitivity profiles of HER2 mutational variants have not been fully characterized. To this end, we expressed the 16 most frequently detected HER2 mutations across exons 19-21 into Ba/F3 cells & determined activating potential & drug sensitivity to 13 HER1/2 targeting agents including afatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, tarloxotinib-TKI, poziotinib, pyrotinib, TDM-1, & trastuzumab. Third generation EGFR TKIs, osimertinib, ibrutinib, & nazartinib were not effective at inhibiting cell viability in cells expressing exon 20 mutations; however, 3rd generation TKIs demonstrated activity against cells expressing D769 exon 19 variants & exon 21 variants. By comparison, covalent, quinazoline-based TKIs, afatinib, neratinib, dacomitinib, tarloxotinib-TKI, & poziotinib, differentially inhibited HER2 mutants across all three exons. Across all HER2 mutation variants & TKIs tested, poziotinib had the lowest average IC50 (1.73nM) & was significantly more effective in reducing cell viability than neratinib & tarloxotinib-TKI (p Citation Format: Jacqulyne P. Robichaux, Monique B. Nilsson, Fahao Zhang, Limei Hu, Junqin He, Marlese Pisegna, Alissa Poteete, John V. Heymach. Identification of poziotinib alone or in combination with TDM1 as a pan-HER2 inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 347.
Regularization approaches for quantitative Photoacoustic tomography using the radiative transfer equation

Abstract Quantitative Photoacoustic tomography (QPAT) is an emerging medical imaging modality which offers the possibility of combining the high resolution of the acoustic waves and large contrast of optical waves by quantifying the molecular concentration in biological tissue. In this paper, we prove properties of the forward operator that associate optical parameters from measurements of a reconstructed Photoacoustic image. This is often referred to as the optical inverse problem, that is nonlinear and ill-posed. The proved properties of the forward operator provide sufficient conditions to show regularized properties of approximated solutions obtained by Tikhonov-type approaches. The proposed Tikhonov-type approaches analyzed in this contribution are concerned with physical and numerical issues as well as with a priori information on the smoothness of the optical coefficients for with (PAT) is particularly a well-suited imaging modality.
Guidance of an aeromaneuvering orbit-to-orbit shuttle through a statistically varying atmosphere

One candidate for a reusable upper stage to be carried by the space shuttle is an aeromaneuvering orbit-to-orbit shuttle (AMOOS). This concept uses the drag of the vehicle during a pass through the atmosphere rather than the propulsion system to slow the vehicle on a return from a high energy orbit. The nature and magnitude of the sensitivity of AMOOS to uncertainties in the properties of the atmosphere are shown. Various guidance schemes for correcting for the effects that the unpredictable variations in the atmosphere have on the trajectory are discussed. For the mission studied here, a payload retrieval from geosynchronous orbit with aerodynamic plane change, a linear feedback guidance scheme was developed. A relatively simple heuristic law was used to demonstrate the concept. Using optimal control theory a feedback law was developed analytically. Testing with a large number of different atmospheres showed this law to be a feasible means of controlling the AMOOS trajectory. Refinements to the technique offer promise of significant improvement, and these are discussed.
Contraception After Surgical Abortion in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder.

Abstract Objectives This study describes the prevalence of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among surgical abortion patients, evaluates long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) uptake after surgical abortion among patients on MOUD, and identifies predictors of immediate postabortion LARC uptake among individuals on MOUD. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from a retrospective observational cohort study of LARC uptake immediately after surgical abortion up to 210/7 weeks gestation at Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts between October 2012 and April 2017. We estimated proportions and analyzed predictors of LARC uptake among women on MOUD using logistic regression analysis to control for possible confounders. Results During the study period, 26,858 patients had an abortion procedure; 768 (2.9%; 95% confidence interval, 2.7%–3.1%) used MOUD. In the primary study, controlling for demographic factors, MOUD was not an independent predictor of LARC uptake. In this analysis, patients on MOUD differed demographically from non-MOUD users and were significantly more likely to initiate a LARC method immediately after their procedure: 30.1% versus 25.3% (p = .002), including 22.7% who obtained an intrauterine device and 7.4% who obtained an implant. Among patients on MOUD, a prior live birth and public insurance predicted LARC uptake at the time of abortion. Conclusion Women on MOUD had higher postabortion LARC uptake compared with those not on MOUD in a setting with easy access to postabortion LARC. Public insurance coverage for abortion was associated with LARC uptake among women on MOUD.
Do the networks of inter-municipal cooperation enhance local government performance?

Inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) has increasingly become an important tool for local governments. This study aims to understand the role of IMC from the perspective of network management. We argue...
Medievalism: A Critical History: de David Matthews

Recensao critica ao livro de David Matthews, Medievalism: A Critical History. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2015, pp. 229.
Comparison of DNA typing success in compromised blood and touch samples based on sampling swab composition

Sample collection at the crime scene can introduce variations in DNA recovery based upon the substrate from which a sample is collected, the material of the collection device used, or the storage conditions after collection. There are many factors during this process that can degrade the sample during drying and storage, and before DNA extraction can be performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of standard cotton swab collection with the Bode BioSafe® swab, which includes both a desiccant at the swab head and proprietary compounds to prevent degradation of the sample during sample collection and preservation. Blood and touch DNA samples were collected from porous and nonporous substrates and stored at elevated temperatures to simulate accelerated time. DNA quantification and STR profile data were used to assess the performance of the swabs. BioSafe® swab collection resulted in similar DNA yields from blood samples and significantly higher DNA yields from touch samples when compared to collection with cotton swabs. BioSafe® swabs also resulted in higher DNA integrity during long-term storage, increased STR profile success and improved retention of low-level contributor alleles.
Magnetic Susceptibility and Proton NMR Study of TiCr1.8Hx

The electronic properties of the hexagonal (C-14) and cubic (C-15) allotropes of the TiCr1.8+0.1/H2 system have been examined via magnetic susceptibility and proton NMR studies. The results indicate an increase in N(EF), the electron density of states at the Fermi level, with increasing H/M for both allotropes; the trend extends into the α′-hydride phase. The results suggest a basis for thermodynamic anomalies reported for the solution of hydrogen in TiCr1.8.
A Secure Multimedia System in Emerging Wireless Home Networks

With their availability of high-bandwidth and extensive transmission range, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) become a compelling technology for developing next-generation home entertainment systems. In the near future, home multimedia systems will rely on wireless networks in lieu of typical wired networks in interconnecting media appliances. Wireless connectivity will enable many novel and advanced features to entertain and comfort a home user. However, before systems are viable and widely acceptable, there are security and copyright protection problems that need to be addressed. Since the system relies on wireless communication, privacy of streaming media content becomes a great concern among media content owners and legitimate consumers who wish to protect their intellectual property against illegal use. In this paper, we present a gateway-based architecture for secure wireless home multimedia systems. We have developed a protocol to ensure secure bootstrap registration of new media devices and protect communication within a wireless home network. We have built the system prototype to evaluate the timing overhead of the device registration process and identify the bottleneck.
Understanding wider environmental influences on mentoring: Towards an ecological model of mentoring in academic medicine

Mentoring is a complex developmental relationship that contributes to individual growth and career advancement in different areas of human activity, including academic medicine. Tis article describes a broader environmental milieux in which mentoring occurs and considers the ways in which the environmental factors may affect the process and outcomes of mentoring. An ecological model of mentoring is proposed that takes into account various factors broadly operating at three contextual levels. The first is societal or “macro” level, which implies cultural, economic, and political factors. The second is institutional or “meso” level, consisting of a) system-related factors such as field and discipline characteristics, and government policies, and b) organization-related factors such as mentoring climate, reward structure, and work design. The third contextual level relates to intra- personal and interpersonal characteristics of mentor-mentee dyads. If mentoring dyad is viewed as the focal point, societal and institutional levels may be labeled as “external”, and personal level as “internal”. The conceptual diversity and methodological challenges in the study of mentoring need to be acknowledged, but should not be an excuse to leave the external contextual elements out of the researchers’ horizon, as they inevitably shape and modify the mentoring relationships. Conclusion . Model presented in this article offers a holistic view of mentoring in academic medicine that may help one comprehend and appreciate the complexity of infuences on mentoring, and inform the future research agenda on this important topic,
An anchor for tumor cell invasion

About half of patients with the blistering skin disorder recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by mutations in collagen VII are predisposed to developing epidermal cancers, whereas the remainder are not. In their Perspective, [Yuspa and Epstein][1] discuss new findings ([ Ortiz-Urda et al .][2]) that reveal the reason for this paradox. The ability of keratinocytes from these patients to become tumorigenic depends on whether the patients carry a collagen VII mutation that results in production of collagen VII containing the crucial NC1 domain. Keratinocytes from patients who carry a mutation that blocks production of collagen VII do not become tumorigenic. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/307/5716/1727 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5716/1773
Law and Borders

This article appraises the state of immigration federalism in the wake of Arizona v. United States and argues that we continue to have a national interest in working out difficult moral and public policy matters like immigration through the institutions of federalism, even if doing so means accepting conflict. Federalism should play a role in immigration policy for at least three reasons. The diversity of state and local approaches to both enforcement and integration reflects legitimate ideological disagreement; state and local governments face institutional imperatives that cause their interests to sometimes diverge from the federal government’s; and a federalist debate can help check, curb, and improve federal policy. Partisans will not be satisfied with all outcomes at the state and local level, but a uniform or even ideologically consistent approach to managing migration will be elusive.
Implicit Government Guarantee and the CDS Spreads

It is commonly agreed that the government is more likely to step in and rescue some troubled companies labeled as “too big to fail” or “too interconnected to fail.” Since there is no formal contract between these companies and the government, this potential intervention is referred to as an implicit government guarantee. We propose a new approach of assessing and estimating the implicit government guarantee and analyze whether it is reflected in the CDS spreads. We define the implicit government guarantee for a given company as the probability that the government will bail it out in case of a default. Although the company’s size affects the likelihood of government intervention, we find that financial industry membership is a more important factor. Furthermore, we find that the implicit government guarantee is priced into the CDS spreads. The government guarantee for large companies reduces the CDS spread by 16.11 bps and for small companies only by 3.73 bps. Similarly, for the financial industry, we find that the government guarantee reduces the CDS spread by 76.29 bps and for the nonfinancial industry only by 7.50 bps.
Non-normal Screening Mammography Results, Lumpectomies, and Breast Cancer Reported by California Women, 2001-2009.

Background: Although screening mammography may contribute to decreases in breast cancer mortality in a population, it may also increase the risk of false positives, anxiety, and unnecessary and costly medical procedures in individuals. We report trends in self-reported non-normal screening mammography results, lumpectomies, and breast cancer in a representative sample of California women. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2001, 2005, and 2009 cross-sectional California Health Interview Surveys (CHIS) and weighted to the California population. CHIS employed a multistage sampling design to administer telephone surveys in 6 languages. Our study sample was restricted to women 40 years and older who reported a screening mammogram in the past 2 years. Sample sizes were 13,974 in 2001, 12,069 in 2005, and 15,552 in 2009. Women reporting non-normal results were asked whether they had an operation to remove the lump and, if so, whether the lump was confirmed as malignant. Findings: Between 2001 and 2009, the percent of California women who reported having been diagnosed with breast cancer was relatively stable. For each of the three age groups studied, the percentage of non-normal mammography results increased and the percentages of lumpectomies decreased and, for every woman reporting a diagnosis of breast cancer, three women reported a lumpectomy that turned out not to be cancer. This ratio was greater for younger women and less for older women. Conclusions: Despite relatively constant rates of breast cancer diagnosis from 2001 to 2009, the percentage of nonnormal mammography results increased and lumpectomies declined.
Intraspecific differences in the pattern of hibernation in the ground squirrelSpermophilus beldingi

Intraspecific differences in the patterns of heterothermy were found in captive Belding's ground squirrels that hibernated undisturbed at ambient temperatures of 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C. The timing of all entrances into and arousals from hibernation was determined from records of copper-constantan thermocouples that were mounted on the floor of each animal's nest box and connected to continuously recording potentiometers. In the absence of food, large adult males terminated hibernation spontaneously in the spring. In contrast, females and small non-breeding males (yearlings) did not stop hibernating but instead they shortened their bouts of torpor in the spring so that they aroused every three or four days. This interval of frequent arousals, termed the emergence period, lastel until the squirrels became emaciated, and it was only in the 2 or 3 weeks preceeding death (starvation period) that arousal frequency once again decreased towards midwinter values (Fig. 3). These animals terminated hibernation when fed during the emergence or starvation periods, but they were able to resume torpor if that feeding lasted less than a week. Termination of hibernation and reproductive development in males were related to the size of the animals, not their age. Males two years and older which did not deposit normal quantities of fat were like yearlings in that they had open-ended hibernation seasons and showed little testicular enlargement. Likewise, juvenile males that grew to near adult size in their first summer spontaneously terminated hibernation and had well developed testes like most older individuals. In addition, both the frequency and duration of arousals in the emergence period were related, in part, to the extent of the animals' fat reserves, such that large squirrels spent more time at high body temperatures than small individuals (Figs. 5, 6). This trend was most pronounced at high ambient temperatures. These intraspecific differences in hibernation physiology are consistent with the sex and agerelated differences in the timing of emergence above ground in nature. The increase in the time spent euthermic in the spring isinterpreted as an adaptation for increasing the opportunities for environmental assessment. The intraspecific differences in the extent of this euthermia appear to be associated with differences in the balance between the energy supplies available to an animal and its need to accelerate the use of that energy (i.e., arouse) in order to achieve an early and accurately-time emergence from the hibernaculum.
Application of a water-soluble pyridyl disulfide amine linker for use in Cu-free click bioconjugation

Abstract Described herein is the design and synthesis of a discrete heterobifunctional PEG-based pyridyl disulfide/amine-containing linker that can be used in the Cu-free click preparation of bioconjugates. The title PEG-based pyridyl disulfide amine linker is a potentially useful reagent for preparing water-soluble disulfide-linked cargos, and that it may be particularly valuable in expanding the field of Cu-free click-based bioconjugations to include reductively labile antibody, polymer, or nanoparticle-based drug conjugates.
The nature of proton‐translocating ATPases in maize roots

Abstract The mechanisms of the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and proton transport catalyzed by the ATPases of the tonoplast and plasma membrane of maize (Lea mays L.) roots were investigated. Proton transport by the tonoplast ATPase was found to be much more sensitive to nitrate than ATP hydrolysis, being inhibited by 80% with almost no effect on hydrolysis at 5 mM NO3. Mercury was also found to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme, inhibiting transport and hydrolysis by 50% at 60 and 100 μM, respectively. The same type of pattern was seen with other divalent cations. Millimolar concentrations of Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ in the presence of Mg2+ inhibited proton transport significantly more than hydrolysis whereas Ba2+ and Ca2+ had little effect. Both free and ATP‐complexed species of these inhibitory cations appeared to be effective. When the influence of temperature was investigated, both the tonoplast and plasma membrane enzymes showed a similar pattern. ATP hydrolysis by both enzymes generally obey...
Serum Neutralizing Antibody After Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis

One hundred seventy-seven persons submitted specimens for serum neutralizing antibody titer detreminations 30 to 90 days after starting postexposure rabies prophylaxis. Ninety-two percent of those who received duck embryo vaccine alone developed adequate antibody titers. However, 23% of those who received equine antirabies serum plus duck embryo vaccine failed to develop an adequate antibody titer; one of these inadequate responders subsequently died of rabies. Factors that increased the risk of a poor antibody response included the receipt of steroids during the course of postexposure prophylaxis, and the use of more than 55 lu/kg of equine antirabies serum. Many persons receiving postexposure rabies prophylaxis fail to develop adequate humoral immunity and may have an increased risk of developing rabies. We suggest that persons receiving postexposure rabies prophylaxis should have serum neutralizing antibody determinations 30 to 40 days after starting treatment.
Synthesis and Properties of Side Chain Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Polymers

A series of new azobenzene side chain liquid crystalline polymers were synthesized by two different azo mesogen monomers, 4-((4-(ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) diazenyl) phenyl 4-(allyloxy) benzoate (M1) and (4-((4-(ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl) diazenyl) phenoxy) methyl acetyl 4-(allyloxy) benzoate (M2). All polymers (P1~P8) were synthesized by graft polymerization using polymethyl hydrosiloxane as backbone. Their chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR spectra. The mesomorphic properties and phase behavior were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) measurements. The results showed that P1~P8 exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline properties and revealed nematic thread texture with wide mesophase temperature ranges. The temperatures when 5% weight loss occurred were higher than 305°C, which declared that the synthesized azobenzene liquid crystalline polymers had a high thermal stability.
TRANSPORT OF A LARGE NEUTRAL AMINO ACID (PHENYLALANINE) IN A HUMAN INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELL LINE: CACO-2

Abstract We have characterized the transcellular transport of a large neutral amino acid (LNAA) in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) transport of phenylalanine (Phe) was approximately 10-times faster than BL-to-AP transport. The evidence for the carrier-mediated AP-to-BL transport of Phe include: (a) temperature dependence and saturability, (b) Phe transport was not affected by a reverse gradient, (c) the activation energy for transport was 12.0 kcal/mol, and (d) an excess amount of unlabeled Phe caused a 75% reduction in transport rate and a delay (lag time) in the appearance of Phe in the BL side. The V m and K m for Phe transport were 572.4 pmol·mg protein −1 ·min −1 and 0.56 mM, respectively. Phe transport was decreased in the absence of glucose and in the presence of sodium azide or ouabain. The carrier interacted with LNAAs and with cationic amino acids but not with small neutral or anionic amino acids.
Test of duality diagram predictions for resonance background

Duality diagrams relate the backgrounds in different meson-baryon channels, after subtraction of all resonances. One such prediction, K+p = π+p (background), works remarkably well experimentally. In other channels with less complete experiments, future phase-shift analyses will now be able to calculate the background instead of fitting it. This should greatly improve the determination of Y∗ resonances.
Aluminum coordination in metaaluminous and peralkaline silicate melts

Incremental amounts of Na2O and K2O added to immiscible melts in the MgO-CaO-TiO2-Al2O3 SiO2 system cause a decrease in critical temperature, phase separation and change in the pattern of Al2O3 partitioning. Al2O3, which is concentrated in the low SiO2 immiscible melts in the alkali-free system, is increasingly partitioned into the high-SiO2 immiscible melt as the alkali/aluminium ratio is increased. However, K2O is more effective than Na2O in stabilizing Al2O2 in the SiO2-rich melt. The coordination changes occurring in the aluminosilicate melts upon the addition of the alkali oxides are described by CaAl2O4+2SiOK=2KAlO2+SiOCaOSi where K (or Na) displaces Ca as the charge-balancing cation for the networkforming AlO4 tetrahedra. The increased stability of the AlO4 species in the highly polymerized SiO2-rich melt and the consequent shrinkage of the miscibility gap is ascribed to positive configurational entropy and negative enthalpy changes associated with the formation of K, Na-AlO4 species. Element partition systematics indicate that (Na, K)AlO2 species favor the more polymerized, CaAl2O4 and TiO2 species, the less polymerized silicate structure in the melt.
High-density lipoprotein response to 5-α-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone in Macaca fascicularis: A hormone-responsive primate model for the study of atherosclerosis

A decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, occurs during puberty in males. Previous studies have shown this decrease with testosterone (T) therapy for adolescent males, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown and has not been studied in a non-human primate. Two adult male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied to determine simultaneous changes in plasma androgens and HDL-C during the phases precastration (Ci); postcastration (Cx); Cx and T therapy; Cx and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) therapy; and T and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor therapy (4-MA). After castration, the HDL-C concentrations increased significantly in both animals (monkey A, 57.0 +/- 1.8 mg/dL SE to 66.6 +/- 2.2, P less than .005; monkey B, 62.9 +/- 1.6 to 80.2 +/- 1.7, P less than .001). T-propionate treatment produced a significant decrease in HDL-C (monkey A, 48.0 +/- 5.0, P less than .01; monkey B, 43.5 +/- 0.5, P less than .001), which was similar to HDL-C reductions seen when treated with a nonaromatizeable androgen, DHT-propionate (monkey A, 47.5 +/- 1.5, P less than .005; monkey B, 44.5 +/- 3.5, P less than .001). T and the 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor therapy did not increase HDL-C from the levels with T therapy alone (monkey A, 55.7 +/- 1.9, NS; monkey B, 57.3 +/- 0.3, NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NONLINEAR DETERMINISTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTION DYNAMICS IN A RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SETTING

Applications of nonlinear dynamic tools for studying air pollution are gaining attention. Studies on ozone concentration in urban areas have reported the presence of low-dimensional deterministic natures and thus the possibility of good predictions of air pollution dynamics. In light of these encouraging results, a nonlinear deterministic approach is employed herein to study air pollution dynamics in a rural, and largely agricultural, setting in California. Specifically, air quality index (AQI) data observed at the University of California, Davis/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (UCD/NOAA) climate station are studied. Four different daily AQI types of data are analyzed: maximum, minimum, difference (between maximum and minimum), and average. The correlation dimension method, a nonlinear dynamic technique that uses phase–space reconstruction and nearest neighbor concepts, is employed to identify the nature of the underlying dynamics, whether high-dimensional or low-dimensional. Correlation dimensions of 5.12, 6.20, 6.68, and 5.84 obtained for the above four series, respectively, indicate the presence of low-dimensional deterministic behavior, with six or seven dominant governing variables in the underlying dynamics. The dimension results and number of variables are in reasonable agreement with those reported by past studies, even though the studied data are different: rural versus urban, and AQI versus ozone concentration. Future efforts will focus on strengthening the present results on the nature of air pollution dynamics, identifying the actual governing variables, and predictions of air pollution dynamics.
Strain effect on the critical superconducting temperature of MgB2

MgB2 samples synthesized by solid-state reaction were found to contain several types of crystalline defects, including Mg deficiency, coherent precipitates, screw dislocations, and oxygen impurity, depending on the synthesis conditions. The Mg deficiency introduced significant strain in the crystalline lattice of MgB2. A high density of screw dislocations lying on (0001) planes with a Burgers vector of partially relieved the lattice strain. The remnant strain in the MgB2 lattice directly determines the critical superconducting temperature, which decreases with strain. A small amount of oxygen dissolved in the MgB2 matrix is not responsible for lowering Tc observed in our samples.
Is traumatic stress a vulnerability factor for women with substance use disorders

The primary goal of this paper is to review existing findings from trauma, addictions and developmental research in order to delineate salient and outstanding questions for future research in this field. Toward this aim, our manuscript will provide an overview of the extant body of knowledge of trauma/PTSD comorbidity with substance use disorders and draw attention to converging developmental and neurobiological literature on the consequences of trauma on self-regulation. We conclude with suggestions for future research in these areas.
Adsorption and desorption of no from Rh{111} and Rh{331} surfaces

Abstract The adsorption and desorption chemistry of NO on the clean Rh{111} and Rh{331} single crystal surfaces was followed with SIMS, XPS, and LEED. Results suggest dissociative NO adsorption occurs at step and/or defect sites. At saturation coverage there was ∼ 10 times more dissociated species on the Rh{331} surface at 300 K than on the Rh{111} surface. On both surfaces two molecular states of NOads have been identified as β1, and β2 which possess different chemical reactivity. Under the condition of saturation coverage the β1 and β2 states are populated on the Rh{111} surface in a different proportion than on the Rh{331} surface. Further, their population on both surfaces is coverage and temperature dependent. When the sample is heated to desorb the saturation overlayer formed on the Rh{111} and Rh{331} crystal surfaces, approximately 50% of the overlayer is found to desorb below ≃ 400 K primarily from the β2 state, molecularly as NO(g). Between 300 and 400 K the β1 state dissociates as binding sites necessary to coordinate Nads and Oads are freed by desorption of NO(g).
Application of a novel multiple scattering approach to photoelectron diffraction and Auger electron diffraction

Abstract We apply a new separable Green's function matrix method due to Rehr and Albers [Phys. Rev. B, 41 (1990) 8139] to a multiple scattering treatment of photoelectron diffraction and Auger electron diffraction. This cluster-based method permits building up successive orders of scattering and judging the approach to convergence in a convenient and time-saving way. We include multiple scattering up to tenth order and can treat photoelectron emission from any initial state (s, p, d, or f) with full final state interference, as well as Auger emission in the s final state approximation. This new approach is used to simulate emission from linear and bent chains of atoms, from epitaxial overlayers and multilayer substrates and from atomic and molecular adsorbates. The method appears to have a broad range of utility. We also discuss the types of geometric structures for which multiple scattering effects must be considered, and the nature of the effects expected.
The experiences of women who survived an attempt on their lives by an intimate partner represented a wide spectrum of previous violence and control issues in the relationship.

Nicolaidis C, Curry MA, Ulrich Y, et al . Could we have known? A qualitative analysis of data from women who survived an attempted homicide by an intimate partner. J Gen Intern Med 2003;18:788–94. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q What are the experiences and perceptions of women who survived an attempt on their lives by an intimate partner? Qualitative study done in conjunction with an 11 city case–control study. 6 US cities (Baltimore, Maryland; Tampa, Florida; Portland, Oregon; Houston, Texas; Witchita, Kansas; and Kansas City, Missouri). 30 women who were 17–54 years of age (47% European American, 43% African-American, 10% Latino or other), had survived a serious attempt on their lives by a current or ex-intimate partner, and were living apart from the perpetrator in a safe environment. Each case was designated as “closed” by the police (arrest made or adjudication). Women participated in 30–90 minute, audiotaped, semistructured interviews about their relationship with the perpetrator, activities and events preceding the homicide attempt, the event itself, changes since the event, and interactions with helpers (eg, healthcare workers, police, and counsellors). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by thematic analysis. 20 women had a history of physical or sexual abuse by the perpetrator, 5 … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bgeneral%2Binternal%2Bmedicine%2B%253A%2B%2Bofficial%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BSociety%2Bfor%2BResearch%2Band%2BEducation%2Bin%2BPrimary%2BCare%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BGen%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DNicolaidis%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%26rft.volume%253D18%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D788%26rft.epage%253D794%26rft.atitle%253DCould%2Bwe%2Bhave%2Bknown%253F%2BA%2Bqualitative%2Banalysis%2Bof%2Bdata%2Bfrom%2Bwomen%2Bwho%2Bsurvived%2Ban%2Battempted%2Bhomicide%2Bby%2Ban%2Bintimate%2Bpartner.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1046%252Fj.1525-1497.2003.21202.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14521640%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21202.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14521640&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F7%2F3%2F91.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000185823300003&link_type=ISI
Benthic, limnetic and oceanic threespine stickleback: profiles of reproductive behaviour

Freshwater threespine stickleback fall along a benthic (bottom feeding)–limnetic (plankton feeding) continuum of ecotypes. Although trophic and courtship behaviour are well-described, the full reproductive cycle has not been characterized in the ecotypes. We provide detailed in situ descriptions of the reproductive cycle of males in one population of each ecotype, and a less detailed description in one oceanic population likely to represent the ancestral form that gave rise to the post-glacial freshwater radiation in southern British Columbia. All populations exhibited typical patterns including: pre-spawning nest building, fanning (which peaked in intensity just before hatching of embryos), and gluing (which was most common from nest building through the early parental phase). These elements of behaviour may be fixed by the physiological requirements of the fry. Males in the benthic and oceanic populations interacted frequently with groups and solitary non-neighbours, reflecting the abundance of bottom-feeding adults. Interactions with groups did not occur in limnetic populations and those with solitary non-neighbours were rare. Interactions were common with neighbours in all populations, but in the limnetic population they were conspicuous and ritualized, rather than the simple chases observed in the other populations. Males in the limnetic population also attended to the nest more, in some cases producing a 3-cm mound of sediment following the completion of spawning and often placing rushes around the pit-nest. The general pattern was one in which males in the cannibalistic benthic and oceanic populations appeared to be constrained in their interactions with neighbours and their attention to the nest by the need for vigilance and nest defense, while limnetic males attended more to nests and neighbours, possibly exhibiting the optimal pattern of nest-directed activities for the fry.
Knowing What We Know: Children,Teachers, Researchers:

Issues within the educational research community concern the correct relation between research and practice, the status of various sorts of research-based knowledge, and methodological squabbles between practitioners of different research traditions. These issues reflect the intrinsic difficulty of knowing in complex domains. In this article, child language development is taken as a (neutral) field in which to contemplate the nature of knowledge, and three generalizations about knowledge are formulated and exemplified from data on language acquisition: (1) Becoming knowledgeable about any complex domain requires a balance between going beyond the known and being constrained by what experts have already discovered; (2) In the right environment, one can perform quite skillfully despite quite low levels of autonomous competence; nonetheless, skilled performance is typically poorer than one’s level of knowledge about how to perform would predict; (3) The capacity to reflect on and analyze one’s knowledge emer...
Orthogonal Series Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test for Failure Detection and Isolation

A new failure detection and isolation algorithm for linear dynamic systems is presented. This algorithm, the Orthogonal Series Generalized Likelihood Ratio (OSGLR) test, is based on the assumption that the failure modes of interest can be represented by truncated series expansions. This assumption leads to a failure detection algorithm with several desirable properties. Computer simulation results are presented for the detection of the failures of actuators and sensors of a C-130 aircraft. The results show that the OSGLR test generally performs as well as the GLR test in terms of time to detect a failure and is more robust to failure mode uncertainty. However, the OSGLR test is also somewhat more sensitive to modeling errors than the GLR test.