cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Money talks, patients walk?

One day in medical school, I dragged myself to the dentist to get a filling replaced. While signing in at the front desk, I was surprised to see that the dental office prominently displayed the credit cards it accepted. (At the time, such displays were rare in medical clinics.) After flashing my Visa card, I went in to see the dentist. He told me I had two options — an old fashioned metal filling which would cost $45, or a new “tooth colored filling” that would cost $125. I requested the cheaper filling, confident that its cosmetic deficiencies would not be the difference between loneliness and romantic fulfillment. I have thought about this visit on many occasions since, not because the cosmetic deficiencies of the metal filling ruined my life, but because this dentist's forthright economic disclosure contrasted so sharply with what I had witnessed in the medical world. Even now, 15 years later, people are more comfortable talking about the financial aspects of their dental care than of their medical care.
Variability in the Upper-Ocean Internal Wave Field at a Sargasso Sea Site

Abstract Two 3.5 month time series records of upper-ocean current and density profiles collected in opposite seasons as part of the LOTUS (Long-Term Upper-Ocean Study) project at 34°N, 70°W indicate substantial variation in the shape of horizontal current spectra in the internal wave frequency range. The near-inertial peak in these records shifts by as much as 10% in frequency and varies by a factor of 5 in height across the depth range of the seasonal pycnocline. Near-inertial currents are weaker and less strongly circularly polarized in the spring-summer than in the fall-winter record. Spectral frequency and vertical wavenumber dependences differ from those predicted by the Garrett-Munk internal wave model. Energy fluxes are vertically asymmetric and internal wave energy varies linearly with rms subinertial current speed. Several aspects of the observed variability can be understood through two simple models. Depth dependence of near-inertial motions can be explained as a characteristic of linear respon...
The Chinese totem of dragon and the greek myth of oedipus: a comparative psychoanalytic study

By drawing upon Freud’s provocative interpretation on the psychological foundation of ethical and cultural development, I hope to shed a new light on the meanings and origins of dragon worship in early China and its intriguing analogy with the Greek myth of Oedipus. As I will demonstrate, the psychological condition for the Chinese dragon worship compares well to the psychological syndrome underlying the Greek myth of Oedipus. The two aspects of the Oedipus complex, namely the father complex and repressed incest wishes, boil down to the ambivalent attitude toward the father and the tabooed sexual object. They are both present in the Chinese dragon worship. As a conclusion of my study, I will present a unified interpretation on these two aspects of the Oedipus complex in the Chinese dragon worship. At the same time, I will also make out certain distinctive features of the early Chinese solution to such psychological syndrome that are beyond universal psychoanalytic determinations.
Coupling of RELAP and LabVIEW to Model a Nuclear Power Plant System Realistically

Within the study and design of a nuclear power plant extensive system modeling is necessary to determine how the reactor is going to perform in any given situation, not only in the normal performance of the reactor but also transients including unanticipated transients without scram and hypothetical accidents. One of the difficulties in the performance of this modeling is that there are often separate programs used to model the primary and other loops in multiple loop systems. When the modeling requires no interaction between the loops, this method is adequate but in many of these scenarios an understanding of the interaction loops is crucial especially in the case of transients including accident scenarios. However, each loop is generally modeled individually and there is no feedback effect between loops. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how this coupling between the primary and secondary system of a typical PWR can be performed. The primary and secondary sides of the PWR are modeled with Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program (RELAP5) and Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) computer simulators respectively. Primary loop model includes a four loops PWR. The coupling between RELAP5 and LabVIEW has been executed with steady state and transients, in this case a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). The results of the coupling have been compared with the typical RELAP5 results without coupling.© 2014 ASME
Hydrochlorothiazide reduces urinary calcium excretion in a child with Lowe syndrome

There is a growing recognition that children with Lowe syndrome are at risk of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis from hypercalciuria. Increased fluid intake and correction of metabolic acidosis have remained the focus for intervention but are not always successful. Thiazide diuretics, which reduce urinary calcium excretion, have not been used in these children, due to concerns that (i) they may not work as a result of the underlying tubular abnormalities and (ii) their risk may outweigh the potential benefits they have to offer. Herein we report a child with Lowe syndrome who was successfully treated with thiazides in managing his hypercalciuria.
Role of a negative arterial-portal venous glucose gradient in the postexercise state

Prior exercise stimulates muscle and liver glucose uptake. A negative arterial-portal venous glucose gradient (a-pv grad) stimulates resting net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) but reduces muscle glu...
Behavioral mechanisms of coexistence in sympatric species of desert rodents, Dipodomys ordii and D. merriami

We investigated intraspecific and interspecific behaviors that function as mechanisms of social spacing and tolerance to allow coexistence of sympatric species of desert rodents. Radiotracking data showed overlap in home ranges of two species of kangaroo rats, Dipodomys ordii and D. merriami. Home ranges of males of both species overlapped females; females exhibited exclusive home ranges. Although D. ordii dominated D. merriami in paired encounters in the laboratory, D. merriami avoided D. ordii, and aggression was infrequent Tests for recognition by olfactory cues revealed that kangaroo rats did not respond to heterospecific scent and behaviors of intraspecific recognition of D. ordii were similar to those described previously for D. merriami. Females responded to the scent of conspecific females and preferred the scent of familiar, conspecific males; males showed no preferences. These two species of kangaroo rats probably coexist through interspecific avoidance and intraspecific spacing mediated by familiarity and neighbor recognition in females.
Imprinted Effusion Modeling and Dynamic CD Calculation in Gas Turbine Combustors

A practical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to modeling effusion orifices in gas turbine combustor liners is proposed specifically when liner metal geometry is not included and conjugate heat transfer is not invoked. The focus is on eliminating effusion orifices from the model while maintaining the imprint of the orifices on the cold and hot sides of the liner wall. The imprinted boundaries serve as embedded mass flow inlets and outlets on both sides of the wall and maintain the integrity of the wall geometry. An empirical model is then used to extract and inject mass from the cold and hot sides of the liner, respectively. The mass extraction and injection process is performed for each orifice based on local conditions such as pressure, temperature and discharge coefficient. The discharge coefficient is, in turn, dynamically computed for each orifice based on approach angle, approach Mach number, discharge Mach number and orifice length to diameter ratio. With this approach, the fidelity of the liner wall is preserved for better heat transfer predictions and easier near wall meshing. In addition, the discharge coefficient is not assumed but calculated allowing the redeployment of inherently inadequate effusion orifice mesh cells to other critical areas of the combustor. Presented are results of two combustor cases to demonstrate the practicality and accuracy of the proposed method as compared to standard effusion modeling and their comparison with rig data.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Expert testimony in child sexual abuse cases - Effects of expert evidence type and cross-examination

We presented participants with syndromal, witness credibility, or anatomically detailed doll evidence to determine (a) whether these different types of expert evidence exert differential influence on participants' judgments and (b) whether the influence of this evidence could be better explained by the relative scientific status or the probabilistic qualities of the research presented. Additionally, we investigated whether a strong or weak cross-examination of the expert would be more successful in discrediting the information provided in the expert's testimony. Findings suggest that participants are less influenced by expert testimony based on probability data (i.e., syndromal evidence) than by expert testimony based on case history data (i.e., credibility of anatomically detailed doll evidence). Participant responses did not differ as a function of the strength of the cross-examination of the expert. As expected, women were more likely to respond in a pro-prosecution direction than were men. Implications for the use of expert evidence in child sexual abuse cases are discussed.
Antibody response in hematologic patients.

SummaryA single injection of 0.5 ml of phenolized tularemia vaccine elicited detectable agglutinating antibodies in 67 of 162(41.4%) patients with hematologic disorders as compared to 45 of 48(93.7%) in normal controls. Particularly significant was the lack of response in 23 of 25 chronic lymphatic leukemia and in 37 of 57 lymphoma patients. In the latter group only 5 of 27 females as compared to 15 of 30 males exhibited antibodies.
Deterrence Beyond Downunder: Australia and US Security Guarantees since 1955

ABSTRACTFrom 1944 to 1973 Australia attempted to acquire atomic weaponry. This ambition was driven by the desire to contribute to defending British interests in Asia, fears of invasion by China, Indonesia, and Japan, great-power war, and the belief that nuclear weapons were merely bigger and better conventional weapons, that they would proliferate, and that US security assurances lacked credibility. Although the pursuit of the bomb was eventually abandoned, this was not the result of US assurances. Rather, geopolitical changes in Australia’s environment meant that a major attack on the continent was unlikely to occur outside the context of a confrontation between the US, China, and the Soviet Union. This article argues that Australia may soon have to rethink its policies towards US extended deterrence and instead focus on developing its own deterrent.
In vitro Evaluation of Porcine Livers Stored in Novel Solution Somah

Copyright: © 2016 Cao H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. *Corresponding author: Hemant S Thatte, Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System 1400 V. F. W. Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132,USA, Tel: 857-203-5919; Fax: 857-203-5592; E-mail: Hemant_Thatte@hms.harvard.edu
Launch vehicle selection and the implementation of the Soil Moisture Active Passive mission

Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) is a NASA-developed Earth science satellite currently mapping the soil moisture content and freeze/thaw state of Earth's land mass from a 685km, near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit. It was launched on January 31, 2015 from Vandenberg AFB upon a Delta II 7320 launch vehicle. Due to external considerations, SMAP's launch vehicle selection remained an open item until Project Critical Design Review (CDR). Thus, certain key aspects of the spacecraft design had to accommodate a diverse range of candidate launch vehicle environments, performance envelopes, interfaces and operational scenarios. Engineering challenges stemmed from two distinct scenarios: decisions that had to be made prior to launch vehicle selection to accommodate all possible outcomes, and post-selection changes constrained by schedule and the existing spacecraft configuration. The effects of the timing of launch vehicle selection reached virtually every aspect of the Observatory's design and development. Physical environments, mass allocations, material selections, propulsion system performance, dynamic response, launch phase and mission planning, overall size and configuration, and of course all interfaces to the launch vehicle were heavily dependent on this outcome. This paper will discuss the resolution of these technical challenges.
The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era

(1996). The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 1219-1221.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine: A Privileged Structure for Medicinal Chemistry

A straightforward synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is described. The reaction is designed to demonstrate to students the preparation of a bridged N-heterocycle, in which the heteroatom occupies a bridgehead position. The product is obtained in moderate to high yield and is highly crystalline. The compound can be purified either by direct recrystallization or silica gel column chromatography. Students characterize the compound by melting point, MS, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Spectroscopic analysis reveals features that are potentially suitable for more in-depth discussions.
Chronicles from the Cradle of Civilization

Military mental health involves traditional mental health approaches coupled with exposure to specific treatment issues and regulations that are unique to service members. A deployed environment creates challenges to treatment not commonly encountered stateside and requires the mental health provider to shift paradigms. Flexibility in approaching treatment issues is necessary to successfully navigating warzone mental health.
Increasing colonoscopy screening in disparate populations: Results from an evaluation of patient navigation in the New Hampshire Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.

BACKGROUND To investigate uniformly successful results from a statewide program of patient navigation (PN) for colonoscopy, this comparison study evaluated the effectiveness of the PN intervention by comparing outcomes for navigated versus non-navigated patients in one of the community health clinics included in the statewide program. Outcomes measured included screening completion, adequacy of bowel preparation, missed appointments and cancellations, communication of test results, and consistency of follow-up recommendations with clinical guidelines. METHODS The authors compared a subset of 131 patients who were navigated to a screening or surveillance colonoscopy with a similar subset of 75 non-navigated patients at one endoscopy clinic. The prevalence and prevalence odds ratios were computed to measure the association between PN and each study outcome measure. RESULTS Patients in the PN intervention group were 11.2 times more likely to complete colonoscopy than control patients (96.2% vs 69.3%; P<.001), and were 5.9 times more likely to have adequate bowel preparation (P =.010). In addition, intervention patients had no missed appointments compared with 15.6% of control patients, and were 24.8 times more likely to not have a cancellation <24 hours before their appointment (P<.001). All navigated patients and their primary care providers received test results, and all follow-up recommendations were consistent with clinical guidelines compared with 82.4% of patients in the control group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS PN appears to be effective for improving colonoscopy screening completion and quality in the disparate populations most in need of intervention. To the best of our knowledge, the results of the current study demonstrate some of the strongest evidence for the effectiveness of PN to date, and highlight its value for public health. Cancer 2017;123:3356-66. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Modeling Heterogeneities and Elastic Anisotropy in Single Crystal Zinc and Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites

Laser generated ultrasound has been used to determine material properties and to characterize material defects [1–3]. To a large extent, the success of laser ultrasonics has been the researcher’s ability to correctly predict the temporal evolution of the displacement waveform resulting from pulsed laser irradiation. Theories that assume isotropic elastic properties work well for crystalline materials that have randomly oriented grains with grain sizes that are small compared to the wavelength of the interrogating ultrasonic wave [4–5]. For single crystal samples or carbon epoxy composites, the elastic anisotropic nature must be taken into account. A number of researchers have shown that the behavior of single crystal materials in the presence of an ultrasonic disturbance differ markedly from their isotropic counterparts [6–13]. Mourad et al. [6] used the Cagniard-de Hoop method [14] to numerically obtain the solutions to Lamb’s [15] problem in an anisotropic half-space. In their paper, Mourad et al. assumed that the laser source could be modeled as a shear stress dipole applied at the bounding surface. In addition, Weaver et al. [7] have studied the elastodynamic response of a thick transversely isotropic plate to a normal point source applied at the bounding surface. Of particular interest is the work by Payton [13], who has treated a general class of problems for crystals that exhibit transverse isotropy.
Effects of calcium nitrate and chlortetracycline on papilla formation, ml-o resistance and susceptibility of barley to powdery mildew

Penetration sites of Erysiplie graminis f. sp. hordei on partially dissected coleoptiles of near-isogenic resistant and susceptible ml-o barley were examined in vitro to study the effects of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and the Ca 2+ chelator and ionophore, chloretracycline, on penetration efficiency and papilla formation. Compared to water controls, incubation on 10 m M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 allowed a marked expression of ml-o resistance. Time-course studies of coleoptiles incubated on Ca(NO 3 ) 2 showed that papillae, on the average, were initiated in the resistant isoline 1·0 h before penetration pegs; in the susceptible, 0·7 h after. These differences were coincident with a penetration efficiency of 5% and 62% and a papilla frequency of 87% and 77% in the resistant and susceptible coleoptiles, respectively. Growth rates of papillae in the two isolines were not significantly different during the first 2 h of development on Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ; however, papillae in the resistant isoline were twice the size of those in the susceptible isoline at the time of penetration peg initiation. In comparison to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , incubation on Chlortetracycline delayed papilla initiation relative to penetration peg initiation by 2·2 h on average, decreased papilla frequency nearly 30% and increased penetration efficiency to 74% in the resistant isoline, but caused no significant effects on these parameters in the susceptible isoline. These results suggested that earliness of the papilla response in the resistant isoline is an important component of the disease resistance mechanism, that Chlortetracycline neutralized the mechanism by delaying the average time of papilla initiation, and that ml-o resistance may be calcium-dependent.
The Importance of Hardy Organizations

This chapter emphasizes hardiness at the organizational level. This is especially important in our changing times, in which it has become more difficult for organizations to turn adversity into opportunity, fulfill obligations to customers, and keep the best personnel. Discussed is how organizations need hardiness in their culture, climate, structure, and personnel. The advantage of this is that hardy organizations will not become complacent and bureaucratic, as will organizations low in hardiness. Also discussed is how organizations can assess and develop their hardiness.
Americanizing the West: Protestant and Catholic Missionary Education on the Rosebud Reservation, 1870-1920.

BackgroundThis paper challenges the dominant story of Protestant and Catholic conflict by illustrating the critical role that mission schools played in creating denominational consensus in the West...
The influence of obesity, alcohol abuse, and smoking on utilization of health care services.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is extensive evidence relating individual behavioral risk factors to adverse health outcomes and associated costs; however, more-comprehensive assessments have been limited. Our objective was to examine the relative effects of obesity, alcohol abuse, and smoking on health care use and associated charges. METHODS: New adult patients (n=509) were randomly assigned to primary care physicians, and their utilization of medical services was monitored for 1 year. Variables measured included sociodemographics, self-reported health status, Beck Depression Index, measured body mass index, Michigan Alcohol Screening Test results, and smoking history. RESULTS: Controlling for health status, depression, age, education, income, and gender, obesity was associated with the mean number of primary care visits, diagnostic services, and primary care clinic charges. Alcohol abuse was related to the mean number of emergency department visits and diagnostic services. Smoking was associated with the mean number of specialty clinic visits and hospitalizations. Smoking also predicted charges for emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and total health care charges. CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden of smoking is significant, even after only 1 year. Health care providers should focus attention on smoking prevention and cessation programs as an approach for managing medical costs.
Laparoscopic Lymph Node Assessment in Pretherapeutic Staging of Gastric and Esophageal Cancer

In gastric cancer lymph node metastases at the hepatoduodenal ligament and in esophageal cancer, metastases at the celiac axis are classified as distant metastases (M1 LYMPH) and implying a poor prognosis. In pretherapeutic staging, imaging procedures such as computed tomography of the abdomen or transcutaneous ultrasonic examination are of limited value in the assessment of enlarged or metastatic lymph nodes. Conversely, laparoscopic staging with subsequent biopsy of suspicious lymph nodes provides essential diagnostic information.
Current Practice of Mitigating Monoclonal Anti-CD38 Interference in Pretransfusion Compatibility Testing

ABSTRACT Monoclonal anti-CD38 is used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who are refractory to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. CD38 is highly expressed on malignant cells in MM; however, because CD38 is also expressed on red blood cells (RBCs), the drug interferes with a variety of blood compatibility tests that utilize the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). Dithiothreitol (DTT) or trypsin may be employed to remove CD38 molecules from the RBC membrane prior to testing in order to circumvent the drug’s interference. However, numerous blood group antigens are also destroyed by DTT and trypsin, which could lead to the inability to detect certain clinically significant alloantibodies in pretransfusion compatibility testing. This study was undertaken to investigate the usage of various protocols for mitigating the drug’s interference in pretransfusion testing and strategies for providing blood products to patients undergoing anti-CD38 drug therapy in hospitals in the United States. ABBREVIATIONS Antihuman Globulin (AHG) Daratumumab (DARA) Dithiothreitol (DTT) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT) Immunohematology Reference Laboratory (IRL) Laboratory Information System (LIS) Monoclonal antibody (mAb) Multiple Myeloma (MM) Red Blood Cell (RBC) Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) Index terms: CD38, Antibodies, Multiple Myeloma, Blood Banks, Blood Group Antigens
Perception and liking of soups flavored with chipotle chili and ginger extracts: Effects of PROP taster status, personality traits and emotions

Abstract Individual differences in perception and liking of spicy foods are well known, but poorly understood. Most studies have investigated this phenomenon using chili pepper (capsaicin), while neglecting other pungent spices. This study examined the role of PROP taster status (a genetic marker for oral sensations), personality factors, and emotions in perception and liking of tomato and butternut squash soups flavored with chipotle chili and ginger extracts, respectively. Each extract was added at three concentrations: low, medium and high. Overall, the chili extract had a greater influence on the sensory profile and emotional ratings of the tomato soup than the ginger extract on the squash soup. Specifically, PROP non-tasters liked the burn of the tomato soup at the high chili extract concentration more than the other taster groups, high sensation seekers liked the burn from the low and high chili extract concentrations more than low sensation seekers, and emotional ratings for ‘disgust’, ‘mouthwatering’, and ‘relaxed’ were altered after soup tastings. Predictors of overall liking also differed between the soups; burn intensity, ‘disgust’ and the PROP x ‘disgust’ interaction predicted liking of the chili tomato soup, whereas ginger flavor, overall flavor, ‘disgust’ and ‘wellbeing’ predicted overall liking of the ginger squash soup. These data suggest that: 1) PROP status and sensation seeking influenced responses to chili pepper but not ginger flavored soups and 2) different emotions predicted overall liking of the soups, though ‘disgust’ was a negative predictor for both. Further exploration into the role of emotions on preferences for pungent spices is warranted.
Oddballs in the Shaker family: Kv2-related regulatory subunits.

Kobertz comments on the family of “silent” Kv2-related regulatory subunits and a new study investigating their assembly idiosyncrasies.
Compounding Drugs for Intrathecal Use

Choosing the correct intrathecal drug medication or combination of medications has historically been an art of trial and error with some historical perspective. More recently, compounding pharmacies have had increased national scrutiny in safety practices. In this chapter, we will review options for intrathecal drug delivery management, as well as explore guides for compounding sterile preparations, and provide the reader with stability data on common compounded formulations of intrathecal drugs.
Impaired posture, movement preparation, and execution during both paretic and nonparetic reaching following stroke

Our study is the first to show that nonparetic arm reaching also demonstrates impairment in posture and movement planning, preparation, and execution when performed during standing by individuals w...
Applied Bioengineering in Tissue Reconstruction, Replacement, and Regeneration

To this day, tissue reconstruction and replacement to address extensive tissue defects due to trauma, tumor resection, genetic and/or chronic diseases, or excessive debridement present a major clin...
Primary IOL implantation in children: the effect of the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study on practice patterns.

We report the long-term effects on practice patterns at a single institution before (1995-2004) and after (2009-2018) publication of the results of the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS). The medical records of children
Membership Problem in groups acting freely on Z^n-trees

Abstract Groups acting freely on Z n -trees ( Z n -free groups) play a key role in the study of non-archimedean group actions. Following Stallingsʼ ideas, we develop graph-theoretic techniques to investigate subgroup structure of Z n -free groups. As an immediate application of the presented method, we give an effective solution to the Uniform Membership Problem and the Power Problem in Z n -free groups.
Millennials: A Generation of Un-Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship has been crucial to the U.S. economy and startup rates have been in decline. The paper proposes a part of the decline is generational. Millennials are not generating startup activity at the rate of previous generations even though educational levels are at historic highs and there is a well-supported research link between education and entrepreneurial activity. The paper proposes that common characteristics of millennials and entrepreneurs are nearly exclusive. Implications of this generational skip or delay in entrepreneurship activity, including implications to higher education, are discussed.
Trajectories of Marital Satisfaction in Diverse Newlywed Couples.

Couples’ marital satisfaction is thought to decline over the newlywed years, but recent research indicates that the majority of spouses have high, stable trajectories during this period, and signif...
Diversity Language as System Maintenance: Toward Alternative Frameworks for Addressing Racism at Predominantly White Institutions

AbstractThis theoretical essay explores the ways predominantly White institutions (PWIs) “speak” about race and diversity as providing frameworks through which the campus racial environment is perc...
Optimal Guidance and Control with Nonlinear Dynamics Using Sequential Convex Programming

This paper presents a novel method for expanding the use of sequential convex programming (SCP) to the domain of optimal guidance and control problems with nonlinear dynamics constraints. SCP is a ...
One-way coupled three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction analysis of zigzag-channel supercritical CO2 printed circuit heat exchangers

Abstract Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs), with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the working fluid, are being considered for use as recuperators and condensers in Brayton cycles for Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) projects as well as other power generation and heat transfer applications. A few experimental and numerical structural assessments of these PCHEs have been conducted, but all have been somewhat limited due to the difficulty measuring actual stresses in an operating PCHE and the computer resources needed to accurately conduct a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) examination using finite element analysis (FEA). This paper examines a previous pseudo two-dimensional (2D) study of a sodium-sCO2 PCHE, linear elastic model and multilinear elastic hardening model results are included. Next, previously unperformed, three-dimensional (3D) one-way coupled FSI studies of two notional zigzag-channel, sCO2 PCHEs are conducted. All results are evaluated against the stress intensity limits set forth by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Sections III and VIII. Most of the examined PCHEs meet the requirements for general use but exceed the maximum allowable stress intensities for application as nuclear components.
How Can Physicians in Training Tap into the Wisdom of Senior Physicians

This piece reflects on an innovative project that we undertook: interviewing master physicians across the world of oncology and asking them what was their secret to success. It provides insights into the answers received from over fifty interviews and the process that was followed.
Pushing a Political Agenda: Harassment of French and African Journalists in Côte d’Ivoire’s 2010-2011 National Election Crisis

Cote d’Ivoire’s national election in 2010 descended into civil war into 2011 when incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo refused to concede the presidency to the internationally recognized winner Alassane Ouattara. The three political players in this election—the parties of Ouattara, Gbagbo, and France—had deep economic incentives in the outcome of Cote d’Ivoire’s election. Drawing from interviews conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Cote d’Ivoire with 24 journalists, findings show that journalists endured many acts of harassment from political parties trying to manipulate the news coverage of this election. I argue that the mechanisms observed in Cote d’Ivoire’s electoral crisis reflect how conditions of war activate informal power alliances within the political–economic dynamics of a Global South nation in the postcolonial era. These alliances push on media in ways they would not normally during peacetime. Cote d’Ivoire is a former colony of France. It is a part of “Francafrique,” a region of 12 French-speaking African countries where France still retains considerable economic impact and has intervened militarily dozens of times since the colonies were emancipated in the early 1960s.
Abstract P3-03-05: Elucidating the synergistic relationship between the iNOS and PI3K/Akt pathways for treatment of metaplastic breast cancer

Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare form of breast cancer characterized by histological presence of two or more cellular types, typically epithelial and mesenchymal components. MBC represents 0.2 to 5% of all breast cancers. Most MBC typically displays a triple-negative breast cancer phenotype in which they lack expression of ER, PR, and HER2 and they also exhibit basal-like or claudin-like molecular subtypes. The current treatment guidelines for MBC have yet to be established due to limited knowledge of its pathogenesis. Prior studies have shown that MBC harbor a subtype mutation in RPL39, which is correlated with higher levels of iNOS, and aberrations in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Considering that aberrations in both of these pathways may play a role in disease pathogenesis, our goal is to further elucidate whether there is a synergistic relationship between the iNOS and PI3K/Akt pathways in MBC. Our hypothesis is that isoform-specific PIK3CA inhibitor Alpelisib, will interact synergistically with pan-NOS inhibitor L-NMMA, to act as an improved therapeutic combination against MBC. We used MBC cell lines Hs578t and BT549 and MBC PDX models RPL39-positive BCM 4664 and RPL39-negative BCM 3807 in our preliminary studies. Using flow cytometry to detect Annexin V+/DAPI+ cells, we found increased levels of cell death in MBC cell lines treated with LNMMA+Alpelisib combination treatment in comparison to single agent treatment. Western blot analysis of samples from single (LNMMA or Alpelisib) or combination treated cell lines and PDXs showed increased PARP degradation and cleaved caspase 3/9 with combination treatment. Pathway-focused RT-PCR analysis was performed using RNA collected from Hs578t cells treated for 48 hrs. with LNMMA, Alpelisib, or combination treatment. RT-PCR data were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; Qiagen) software which showed that insulin signaling and PI3K/AKT pathways were the most enriched pathways with single and combination treatment. In vivo data using PDX BCM 4664 showed that combination treatment of LNMMA+Alpelisib was most effective at reducing tumor volume in comparison to single treatment. Our preliminary results suggest that LNMMA and Alpelisib combination treatment have therapeutic potential in the treatment of MBC. Our results indicated that simultaneous inhibition of the NOS and PI3K/AKT pathways may represent a clinically relevant therapeutic concept against hard-to-treat MBC, and warrants further studies. Citation Format: Tejaswini Parlapalle Reddy, Roberto Rosato, Liliana Guzman, Wei Qian, Jianying Zhou, Anthony J Kozielski, Jenny C Chang. Elucidating the synergistic relationship between the iNOS and PI3K/Akt pathways for treatment of metaplastic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-05.
Gender Diversity, Women’s Leadership, and Consensus in State Supreme Courts

In this article, we argue that the leadership of women as chief justice or the majority opinion author, as well as an increased presence of women on the panel, should increase the likelihood of una...
What is the Intrinsic Predictability of Tornadic Supercell Thunderstorms

AbstractA 25-member ensemble of relatively high-resolution (75-m horizontal grid spacing) numerical simulations of tornadic supercell storms is used to obtain insight on their intrinsic predictabil...
Microcrystalline (Si,Ge):H Solar Cells

We report on the growth and properties of microcrystalline Si:H and (Si,Ge):H solar cells on stainless steel substrates. The solar cells were grown using a remote, low pressure ECR plasma system. In order to crystallize (Si,Ge), much higher hydrogen dilution (∼40:1) had to be used compared to the case for mc-Si:H, where a dilution of 10:1 was adequate for crystallization. The solar cell structure was of the p+nn+ type, with light entering the p+ layer. It was found that it was advantageous to use a thin a-Si:H buffer layer at the back of the cells in order to reduce shunt density and improve the performance of the cells. A graded gap buffer layer was used at the p+n interface so as to improve the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. The open circuit voltage and fill factor decreased as the Ge content increased. Quantum efficiency measurements indicated that the device was indeed microcrystalline and followed the absorption characteristics of crystalline ( Si,Ge). As the Ge content increased, quantum efficiency in the infrared increased. X-ray measurements of films indicated grain sizes of ∼ 10nm. EDAX measurements were used to measure the Ge content in the films and devices. Capacitance measurements at low frequencies ( ~100 Hz and 1 kHz) indicated that the base layer was indeed behaving as a crystalline material, with classical C(V) curves. The defect density varied between 1x1016 to 2x1017/cm3, with higher defects indicated as the Ge concentration increased.
Association of systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibody diversity with breast cancer protection

Epidemiologic data suggest that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a lower risk of breast cancer than women in the general population. In light of mechanistic studies suggesting that anti-DNA antibodies have anti-cancer effects, we sought to examine breast cancer risk in autoantibody strata in a well-characterized SLE cohort. SLE patients without a cancer diagnosis prior to entry in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were studied (N = 2431). Overall and site-specific cancer incidence was calculated in racial strata and compared with the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. Breast cancer incidence was further examined in autoantibody subsets. Patients were considered positive for an autoantibody if they were ever positive for a specificity during their disease course. Patients with SLE had a 37% lower risk of breast cancer (SIR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–0.95). The risk of HPV-associated cancers (SIR 4.39, 95% CI 2.87–6.44) and thyroid cancer (SIR 2.27, 95% CI 1.04–4.30) was increased. Cancer risk varied by race, with breast cancer protection occurring in non-African Americans (SIR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.63) and the increased risk of HPV-associated cancers occurring in African Americans (SIR 7.23, 95% CI 4.35–11.3). Breast cancer risk was decreased in patients ever positive for anti-dsDNA (SIR 0.55, 95% CI 0.29–0.96), anti-La (SIR 0.00, 95% CI 0.00–0.78), and lupus anticoagulant (SIR 0.37, 95% CI 0.10–0.94). Patients who were positive for fewer (0–2) SLE autoantibodies did not have a lower risk of breast cancer (SIR 0.84, 95% CI 0.47–1.39), but patients with 3+ autoantibodies had a 59% decreased risk (SIR 0.41, 95% CI 0.16–0.84). Positivity for multiple SLE autoantibodies was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, supporting the hypothesis that a highly diversified immune response may exert an anti-cancer effect against some cancers. Validation of racial differences in cancer risk in SLE is required to determine whether cancer screening strategies should be targeted to racial subgroups.
Maximizing Charge Injection Limits of Iridium Oxide Electrodes with a Programmable Anodic Bias Circuit

Efficacious stimulation of neural tissues requires high charge injection capacity while minimizing electrode polarization. Applying anodic bias on certain electrode materials is a way to enhance charge injection both in vitro and in vivo. We developed an embedded neurostimulator system that enabled a digital control of user-defined bias levels, without requiring a potentiometer or external voltage source. Comparison of charge injection with and without anodic-bias, as well as at different bias potentials were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline with Blackrock iridium oxide microelectrodes. Results showed that a nine-fold increase in current intensity and charge injection capacity, was achieved with a 0.7 V anodic bias and within electrochemically safe limits.
Biased Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Usage in the Shark

This study of a large family of κ L chain clusters in nurse shark completes the characterization of its classical Ig gene content (two H chain isotypes, μ and ω, and four L chain isotypes, κ, λ, σ, and σ-2). The shark κ clusters are minigenes consisting of a simple VL-JL-CL array, where V to J recombination occurs over an ~500-bp interval, and functional clusters are widely separated by at least 100 kb. Six out of ~39 κ clusters are prerearranged in the germline (germline joined). Unlike the complex gene organization and multistep assembly process of Ig in mammals, each shark Ig rearrangement, somatic or in the germline, appears to be an independent event localized to the minigene. This study examined the expression of functional, nonproductive, and sterile transcripts of the κ clusters compared with the other three L chain isotypes. κ cluster usage was investigated in young sharks, and a skewed pattern of split gene expression was observed, one similar in functional and nonproductive rearrangements. These results show that the individual activation of the spatially distant κ clusters is nonrandom. Although both split and germline-joined κ genes are expressed, the latter are prominent in young animals and wane with age. We speculate that, in the shark, the differential activation of the multiple isotypes can be advantageously used in receptor editing.
Sucrose Synthase Localization during Initiation of Seed Development and Trichome Differentiation in Cotton Ovules.

Sucrose synthase in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules was immunolocalized to clarify the relationship between this enzyme and (a) sucrose import/utilization during initiation of seed development, (b) trichome differentiation, and (c) cell-wall biosynthesis in these rapidly elongating “fibers.” Analyses focused on the period immediately before and after trichome initiation (at pollination). Internal tissues most heavily immunolabeled were the developing nucellus, adjacent integument (inner surface), and the vascular region. Little sucrose synthase was associated with the outermost epidermis on the day preceding pollination. However, 1 d later, immunolabel appeared specifically in those epidermal cells at the earliest visible phase of trichome differentiation. The day following pollination, these cells had elongated 3- to 5-fold and showed a further enhancement of sucrose synthase immunolabel. Levels of sucrose synthase mRNA also increased during this period, regardless of whether pollination per se had occurred. Timing of onset for the cell-specific localization of sucrose synthase in young seeds and trichome initials indicates a close association between this enzyme and sucrose import at a cellular level, as well as a potentially integral role in cell-wall biosynthesis.
Throughput limitations in high speed networks

It is shown that the maximum channel utilization between two half-duplex terminals, each transmitting for T seconds and receiving for T seconds over a channel with propagation delay tau , varies as a function of tau /T between the values of 0.5 and 2. This compares to the classical case, where tau T is considered to be equal to 0 and the maximum utilization is 1. Channel utilization is defined to be the percentage of time that the channel contains data that can be received by the receiver, and maximum utilization is utilization maximized over theta , the relative phase of the receive/transmit functions of the two terminals. It is also shown that for a system where tau /T>0, the buffer requirements are reduced if optimization is made with respect to theta . If the system is not optimized, the buffer requirements approach infinity as the channel utilization approaches 1. >
MYCOFLORA AND AFLATOXIN CONTENT OF HAZELNUTS, WALNUTS, PEANUT, ALMONDS AND ROASTED CHICKPEAS (LEBLEBI) SOLD IN TURKEY

In this study, 28 hazelnuts, 24 walnuts, 18 peanuts, 13 almonds, and 11 roasted chickpeas (leblebi) were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Aflatoxin was found in 26 of 94 samples (27.66%) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 113 ppb. Detectable levels of aflatoxin were 33.4 ppb in hazelnuts, 22.1 ppb in walnuts, 43.0 ppb in peanuts, 7.4 ppb in almonds, and 1.7 ppb in roasted chickpeas. The highest level of aflatoxin was 113 ppb in a single hazelnut sample. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were frequently determined in all the samples.
Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling is required for the behavioral actions of antidepressant treatment: pharmacological and cellular characterization.

This study extends earlier work on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the actions of antidepressant treatment in two key areas. First, by determining the requirement for VEGF in the actions of a 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine in behavioral models of depression/antidepressant response; and second, by examining the role of the 5-HT1A receptor subtype in the regulation of VEGF, and the cellular localization of antidepressant regulation of VEGF expression. The results show that pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling blocks the behavioral actions of fluoxetine in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. Infusions of SU5416 or SU1498, two structurally dissimilar inhibitors of VEGF–Flk-1 receptor signaling, block the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine on sucrose preference, immobility in the forced swim test, and latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm. We also show that activation of 5-HT1A receptors is sufficient to induce VEGF expression and that a 5-HT1A antagonist blocks both the increase in VEGF and behavioral effects induced by fluoxetine. Finally, double labeling studies show that chronic fluoxetine administration increases VEGF expression in both neurons and endothelial cells in the hippocampus. Taken together these studies show that VEGF is necessary for the behavioral effects of the SSRI fluoxetine, as well as norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor, and that these effects may be mediated by 5-HT1A receptors located on neurons and endothelial cells.