cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A large deformation viscoelastic model for double-network hydrogels

Abstract We present a large deformation viscoelasticity model for recently synthesized double network hydrogels which consist of a covalently-crosslinked polyacrylamide network with long chains, and an ionically-crosslinked alginate network with short chains. Such double-network gels are highly stretchable and at the same time tough, because when stretched the crosslinks in the ionically-crosslinked alginate network rupture which results in distributed internal microdamage which dissipates a substantial amount of energy, while the configurational entropy of the covalently-crosslinked polyacrylamide network allows the gel to return to its original configuration after deformation. In addition to the large hysteresis during loading and unloading, these double network hydrogels also exhibit a substantial rate-sensitive response during loading, but exhibit almost no rate-sensitivity during unloading. These features of large hysteresis and asymmetric rate-sensitivity are quite different from the response of conventional hydrogels. We limit our attention to modeling the complex viscoelastic response of such hydrogels under isothermal conditions. Our model is restricted in the sense that we have limited our attention to conditions under which one might neglect any diffusion of the water in the hydrogel — as might occur when the gel has a uniform initial value of the concentration of water, and the mobility of the water molecules in the gel is low relative to the time scale of the mechanical deformation. We also do not attempt to model the final fracture of such double-network hydrogels.
A comparison of two hybrid approaches for detecting protein-protein interactions

Two-hybrid systems are one of the most popular, preferred, cost effective, and scalable in vivo genetic approaches for screening protein-protein interactions. A number of variants of yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems exist, rendering them ideal for modern, flexible proteomics-driven studies. For mapping protein interactions at genome scales (that is, constructing an interactome), the yeast two-hybrid system has been extensively tested and is preferred over bacterial two-hybrid systems, given that users have created more resources such as a variety of vectors and other modifications. Each system has its own advantages and limitations and thus needs to be compared directly. For instance, the bacterial two-hybrid method seems a better fit than the yeast two-hybrid system to screen membrane-associated proteins. In this chapter, we provide detailed protocols for yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems as well as a comparison of outcomes for each approach using our own and published data.
Bounding Cache Miss Costs of Multithreaded Computations Under General Schedulers: Extended Abstract

We analyze the caching overhead incurred by a class of multithreaded algorithms when scheduled by an arbitrary scheduler. We obtain bounds that match or improve upon the well-known O(Q+S · (M/B)) caching cost for the randomized work stealing (RWS) scheduler, where S is the number of steals, Q is the sequential caching cost, and M and B are the cache size and block (or cache line) size respectively.
Information Exchange and Transnational Environmental Problems

This paper analyzes information exchange in a model of transnational pollution control in which countries use private information in independently determining their domestic environmental policies. We show that countries may not always have an incentive to exchange their private information. However, for a sufficiently high degree of predictability of domestic environmental policy processes, the expected welfare from sharing information is greater than the expected welfare from keeping it private. The minimum degree of policy predictability for which information sharing occurs increases with the level of environmental risk. Intuitively, information exchange can help mitigate the perception of global uncertainty (both political and scientific) that surrounds transnational environmental problems and potentially improve welfare if policymaking processes are sufficiently aligned with evidence-based approaches (predictable).
Linear array of multi-substrate tracts for simultaneous assessment of cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation.

Cell migration, which is central to a wide variety of life processes, involves integration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the internal cytoskeleton and motor proteins via receptors spanning...
Detecting Nonlinear Serial Dependence

There are many statistical tests for nonlinear serial dependence in the literature. Some focus on a particular property characteristic of nonlinear processes, such as conditional heteroskedasticity; some focus on a particular parametric family of models, as in the way the Tsay test considers quadratic models. Others, such as the Hinich tests, focus on particular moments. Still others, such as the BDS test, focus on more general measures of relatedness.
Ankle and Foot Injuries

The ankle mortise is composed of the medial malleolus (distal tibia), lateral malleolus (distal fibula), and talus. The bones of the foot include the seven tarsal bones (talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms); five metatarsal bones; 14 phalanges with each digit having a proximal, middle, and distal phalange (the first toe has only a proximal and distal phalange); and two sesamoid bones located on the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head. The foot can also be subdivided into three anatomical sections: the forefoot (composed of the metatarsals and phalanges), the midfoot (composed of the cuboid and cuneiforms), and the hindfoot (composed of the talus and calcaneus).
Electrochemical behaviour and analysis of Zn and Zn–Ni alloy anti-corrosive coatings deposited from citrate baths

Anticorrosive coatings are a useful approach for protecting steel structures/machinery against corrosion. Electrodepositions of zinc and zinc–nickel alloy films on steel substrates under various conditions from baths containing potassium citrate were studied. The effects of electroplating variables such as bath composition and current density on the coating composition, morphology, corrosion and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The electrochemical and mechanical behaviour of Zn–Ni deposits obtained at 60 mA cm−2 from the citrate bath exhibited a lower corrosion current (Icorr) and a less negative corrosion potential (Ecorr) compared to pure Zn and Zn–Ni alloy coatings from the non-citrate bath. The crystallite size of the Zn–Ni coating deposited from the citrate bath was 35.40 nm, and the Ni content of the coating was 8.3 wt%. The morphological properties and crystalline phase structure of the alloy coating were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The topographical structure of the coatings was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dominant γ-NiZn3 (815) and γ-Ni2Zn11 (330) (631) plane orientations in the zinc–nickel alloy films improved the corrosion resistance. Zn–Ni films with smaller grain size and uniform coating had an increased impedance modulus and improved corrosion resistance.
Organization of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes in various wild-type strains and wild-collected strains of Neurospora

The organization of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repcat unit in the standard wild-type strain of Neurospora crassa, 74-OR23-1A, and in 30 other wild-type strains and wild-collected strains of N. crassa, N. tetrasperma, N. sitophila, N. intermedia, and N. discreta isolated from nature, was investigated by restriction enzyme digestion of genomic DNA, and probing of the Southern-blotted DNA fragments with specific cloned pieces of the rDNA unit from 74-OR23-1A. The size of the rDNA unit in 74-OR23-1A was shown to be 9.20 kilobase pairs (kb) from blotting data, and the average for all strains was 9.11+0.21 kb; standard error=0.038; coefficient of variation (C.V.)=2.34%. These data indicate that the rDNA repeat unit size has been highly conserved among the Neurospora strains investigated. However, while all strains have a conserved HindIII site near the 5′ end of the 25 S rDNA coding sequence, a polymorphism in the number and/or position of HindIII sites in the nontranscribed spacer region was found between strains. The 74-OR23-1A strain has two HindIII sites in the spacer, while others have from 0 to at least 3. This restriction site polymorphism is strain-specific and not species-specific. It was confirmed for some strains by restriction analysis of clones containing most of the rDNA repeat unit. The current restriction map of the 74-OR23-1A rDNA repeat unit is presented.
Biochemical and Skeletal Outcomes of Parathyroidectomy for Normocalcemic (Incipient) Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Normocalcemic (incipient) primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the setting of normal serum calcium. The biochemical and skeletal outcomes after parathyroidectomy for normocalcemic PHPT are not well-described. All patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for normocalcemic PHPT at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed (2006–2016). Pre- and postoperative calcium, PTH, and bone mineral density (BMD) were compared between patients with normalized versus persistently elevated PTH levels > 6 months after parathyroidectomy. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify risk factors associated with persistently elevated PTH levels after parathyroidectomy. Parathyroidectomy was performed in 71 patients with normocalcemic PHPT, of whom 38 (53.5%) had multi-gland disease. No patients became hypercalcemic, with a median follow-up of 23.1 months. Persistently elevated PTH levels were noted in 33 (46.5%) patients. In multivariable analysis, preoperative PTH > 100 pg/mL was associated with persistently elevated PTH levels after parathyroidectomy. In 38 patients with available pre- and postoperative BMD measurements, the mean preoperative BMD improved + 5.6% (p < 0.01) in patients with normalized PTH, while no significant change was observed in patients with persistently elevated PTH levels (− 2.2%, p = 0.47). Elevated PTH levels are common after parathyroidectomy for normocalcemic PHPT. Improvements in BMD may be predicated on long-term normalized PTH levels following surgery.
Representing Networks with 3D Shapes

There has been a surge of interest in machine learning in graphs, as graphs and networks are ubiquitous across the globe and within science and engineering: road networks, power grids, protein-protein interaction networks, scientific collaboration networks, social networks, to name a few. Recent machine learning research has focused on efficient and effective ways to represent graph structure. Existing graph representation methods such as network embedding techniques learn to map a node (or a graph) to a vector in a low-dimensional vector space. However, the mapped values are often difficult to interpret, lacking information on the structure of the network or its subgraphs. Instead of using a low-dimensional vector to represent a graph, we propose to represent a network with a 3-dimensional shape: the network shape. We introduce the first network shape, a Kronecker hull, which represents a network as a 3D convex polyhedron using stochastic Kronecker graphs. We present a linear time algorithm to build Kronecker hulls. Network shapes provide a compact representation of networks that is easy to visualize and interpret. They captures various properties of not only the network, but also its subgraphs. For instance, they can provide the distribution of subgraphs within a network, e.g., what proportion of subgraphs are structurally similar to the whole network? Using experiments on real-world networks, we show how network shapes can be used in various applications, from computing similarity between two graphs (using the overlap between network shapes of two networks) to graph compression, where a graph with millions of nodes can be represented with a convex hull with less than 40 boundary points.
A continental perspective of the seawater 87Sr/86Sr record: A review

Abstract Before submarine hydrothermal vents were discovered, the 87Sr/86Sr record of seawater was interpreted as a mixture of unradiogenic basaltic and radiogenic granitic continental runoff, strongly buffered by contributions from carbonate weathering. Since the discovery of submarine hydrothermal vents this record has generally been viewed as a mixture of multiple components of which radiogenic continental runoff and unradiogenic submarine hydrothermal fluids are the most significant. A critical review of sources of Sr to seawater indicates that the Sr budget of the modern ocean requires ~1.4 × 1010 mol yr−1 of submarine hydrothermal Sr to balance the present-day 87Sr/86Sr of freshwater inputs. This flux is about twice what observations of ocean crust alteration and hydrothermal inputs seem to support. The globally averaged, bias-corrected, and Sr flux-weighted 87Sr/86Sr of rivers and submarine groundwater discharge is 0.7103–0.7108, and thus significantly less radiogenic than the average 87Sr/86Sr of the upper continental crust (>0.72). Global analyses of runoff from large-scale drainage regions as well as 76 individual river basins with large dissolved Sr fluxes to the ocean reveal positive correlations between the dissolved riverine 87Sr/86Sr and the average bedrock age of drainage regions and individual river basins. The current flux of continental Sr to the ocean is biased towards contributions from younger bedrock (331 Myr) compared to the average bedrock age of the exorheic land area (445 Myr). This correlation supports the notion that variations in the marine 87Sr/86Sr are influenced by variations in the composition and age structure of exorheic continental bedrock. Quantitative evaluation of the average age of exorheic bedrock, weighted according to the dissolved Sr flux, indicates that the temporal variations of this parameter that are required to account for the observed temporal variations in the 87Sr/86Sr of seawater depend primarily on the slope of the correlations between dissolved 87Sr/86Sr and bedrock age. The required variations in average exorheic bedrock age are consistent with changes predicted by the paleogeologic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic and appear to be geologically sensible. The data imply that improvements in our understanding of the driving forces of changes in 87Sr/86Sr and other radiogenic isotope records of seawater critically depend on improved reconstructions of paleogeology, paleogeography and paleohydrology.
Post-9/11 Latino Veteran Mental Health Service Utilization

Previous research has identified disparities in mental health service utilization between Latinos and non-Latino Whites. This study aimed to examine patterns of mental health service utilization be...
Nonlinear Systems of Equations

The solution of nonlinear systems of equations is an important problem in engineering. Applications include identifying the multiple steady states of a reactor network (Folger, 1986; Schlosser and Feinberg, 1994), predicting the azeotropes formed in a nonideal mixture (Fidkowski et al., 1993; Maranas et al., 1996), finding the steady-states of a flowsheet or part of a flowsheet (Zhang, 1987; Bullard and Biegler, 1991; Wilhelm and Swaney, 1994; Bekiaris et al., 1993), identifying equilibrium points in multiphase systems (Heidemann and Mandhane, 1973; Seader et al., 1990) .
The “Mojo Man” Presents Blink Before Christmas: A Koko Mojo Celebration

Year after year, Christmas music returns to the airwaves. Regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or religious preference, Americans are bombarded with holiday tunes each December. For many listeners...
The impact of snapchat usage on drunkorexia behaviors in college women

Objective: Research has shown the deleterious effects of drunkorexia behaviors. The goal of this project was to examine the impact of college women’s Snapchat usage on drunkorexia behavior frequenc...
10 Molecules in early development

‘Eclectic’, what a great word to describe the approaches to the development of drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)! ‘Eclectic’ comes from a Greek verb meaning ‘to select’ and was originally applied to ancient philosophers who were not committed to any single system of philosophy; instead, these philosophers selected whichever doctrines pleased them from every school of thought.1 Much like the ancient Greek philosophers, drug target selection in SLE has spanned many pathways. Although belimumab has been the sole drug approved to date via the traditional route of a randomised controlled trial, it’s just a matter of time before drugs targeting other molecules and pathways are granted approval for SLE and lupus nephritis. The potential drug targets in SLE appear limitless, making decisions regarding resource allocation incredibly challenging. Should components of the innate or the adaptive immune system be targeted? Perhaps both? This presentation will review various strategies being pursued in order to inhibit key pathways in SLE. The emphasis will be on investigational agents in Phase I and Phase II programmes.2–7 Learning Objectives Describe strategies for inhibiting the type I interferon pathway Discuss methods to target B and T cells Review approaches to down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines References Merriam-Webster Unabridgedaccessed June 19, 2020. Furie R, Werth VP, Merola JF, et al. Monoclonal antibody targeting BDCA2 ameliorates skin lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 2019;129(3):1359–71. Furie R, Aroca G, Alvarez A, et al. A Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab or Placebo in Combination with Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients with Active Class III or IV Lupus Nephritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71 (Suppl. 10). Isenberg D, Furie R, Jones N, et al. Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacodynamic Effects of the Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Fenebrutinib (GDC-0853), in Moderate to Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results of a Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71 (Suppl. 10). Papp K, Gordon K, Thaci D, et al. Phase 2 Trial of Selective Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibition in Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2018;379(14):1313–21. Furie R, Bruce I, Dorner T, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Dapirolizumab Pegol in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71 (Suppl. 10). Basta F, Fasola F, Triantafyllias K, et al. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Therapy: The Old and the New. Rheumatol Ther 2020 doi: 10.1007/s40744-020-00212-9 [published Online First: 2020/06/04].
High-resolution structures of the SARS-CoV-2 2'- O -methyltransferase reveal strategies for structure-based inhibitor design.

There are currently no antiviral therapies specific for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the global pandemic disease COVID-19. To facilitate structure-based drug design, we conducted an x-ray crystallographic study of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp16-nsp10 2'-O-methyltransferase complex, which methylates Cap-0 viral mRNAs to improve viral protein translation and to avoid host immune detection. We determined the structures for nsp16-nsp10 heterodimers bound to the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the reaction product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), or the SAH analog sinefungin (SFG). We also solved structures for nsp16-nsp10 in complex with the methylated Cap-0 analog m7GpppA and either SAM or SAH. Comparative analyses between these structures and published structures for nsp16 from other betacoronaviruses revealed flexible loops in open and closed conformations at the m7GpppA-binding pocket. Bound sulfates in several of the structures suggested the location of the ribonucleic acid backbone phosphates in the ribonucleotide-binding groove. Additional nucleotide-binding sites were found on the face of the protein opposite the active site. These various sites and the conserved dimer interface could be exploited for the development of antiviral inhibitors.
Comparing nonredundant masking and filled-aperture kernel phase for exoplanet detection and characterization

The limitations of adaptive optics and coronagraph performance make exoplanet detection close to λ / D extremely difficult with conventional imaging methods. The technique of nonredundant masking (NRM), which turns a filled aperture into an interferometric array, has pushed the planet detection parameter space to within λ / D. For high Strehl, the related filled-aperture kernel phase technique can achieve resolution comparable to NRM, without the associated dramatic decrease in throughput. We present NRM and kernel phase contrast curves generated for ground- and space-based instruments. We use both real and simulated observations to assess the performance of each technique, and discuss their capabilities for different exoplanet science goals such as broadband detection and spectral characterization.
Electrocardiographic Manifestations of COVID-19: Effect on QRS and QTc

Introduction: Prolonged QT intervals have been reported in patients with COVID-19. Virus particles have been demonstrated in heart tissue and direct effects on cardiac function have been noted. We hypothesize that cardiac electrophysiologic abnormalities may be a direct effect of COVID-19. Methods: 814 patients with RT-PCR proven COVID-19 were admitted and 614 discharged home from St. Francis Hospital Emergency Room (ER) between March-May 2020. Corrected QT (QTc) and QRS intervals were measured from ECG’s performed in the ER prior to intervention or administration of QT prolonging drugs. QTc and QRS intervals were evaluated as a function of disease severity (patients admitted versus discharged home; inpatients admitted to medical vs critical care unit) and cardiac involvement (troponin elevation >0·03 ng/ml, elevated B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) or NT pro-BNP >500 pg/ml). Multivariable analysis was used to test for significance (p<0·05) of disease severity and cardiac involvement in baseline QTc and QRS. Logistic regression was used to generate odds ratio for predictors of disease severity and mortality. Results: Average age was 66 ± 16 years, 45% female, 46% hypertensive, 28% diabetic, average body mass index of 28·7 ± 6·4 kg/m 2 . Baseline QTc of inpatients was prolonged compared to patients discharged home (450·1 ± 30·2 msec versus 423·4 ± 21·7msec, p<0·0001). In inpatients with either elevated troponin or abnormal BNP (34·4%), both baseline QTc and QRS were prolonged compared to those with normal levels (troponin - QTc: 460·9 ± 34·6 msec versus 445·3 ± 26·6 msec, p<0·0001, QRS: 98·7 +- 24·6 vs 90.5 ± 16.9 msec; p<0·0001; BNP - QTc: 465·9 ± 33·0 msec versus 446·0 ± 26·2 msec, p<0·0001, QRS: 103·6 ± 25·3 versus 90·6 +- 17·6, p<0·0001). Findings were confirmed with multivariable analysis (QTc: inpatient vs discharged, p<0·0001, elevated troponin, p=0·0007, abnormal BNP, p=0·0014; QRS: elevated troponin p=0.0506, abnormal BNP p<0·0001). Baseline QTc ≥500 msec was found to be an independent predictor of mortality (OR 2·03, CI [0·967, 4·27], p=0·06). QTc prolongation was associated with increased mortality (8·3% for every 10 msec increase in QTc; OR 1·083, CI [1·002, 1·171], p=0·04). Conclusion: Abnormalities of cardiac activation (QRS) and repolarization (QTc) are direct manifestations of COVID-19 and early markers for progression to severe disease. The ECG, a readily accessible tool, identifies cardiac involvement and can be used to predict disease course and mortality. Funding Statement: Funding provided by the research foundation at Catholic Health of Long Island. Declaration of Interests: None. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was submitted for expedited Internal Review Board Review and received a waiver given its retrospective nature of data analysis in anonymized subjects.
Crawford, Brian Hewson 1906–1991

Brian Hewson Crawford was a British physicist who made important contributions to the science of vision, colorimetry, lighting, and color rendering. He was born on March 26, 1906, in Hornsey, London, to Andrew Crawford and Marian Hewson (Fairweather) Crawford. He was married to Margarethe Bettina “Marga” Nagel, who was a native German from Darmstadt. He died on May 5, 1991, in London, England.
Quantifying Epistemic and Aleatoric Uncertainty in 3D U-Net Segmentation

Abstract This work shows a derivation of a multinomial probability function and quantitative measures of the data and epistemic uncertainty as direct output of a 3D U-Net segmentation network. A set of T1 brain MRI images were downloaded from the Connectome Project and segmented using FMRIB’s FAST algorithm to be used as ground truth. A 3D U-Net neural network was trained with sample sizes of 200, 500, and 898 T1 brain images using a loss function defined as the negative logarithm of the likelihood based on a derivation of the definition of the multinomial probability function. From this definition, the epistemic (model) and aleatoric (data) uncertainty equations were derived and used to quantify maps of the uncertainty in data prediction. The epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty decreased based on the increasing number of training data used to train the neural network. The neural network trained with 898 volumes resulted in uncertainty maps that were high primarily in the tissue boundary regions. The uncertainty was averaged over all test data (connectome and tumor separately) and the epistemic uncertainty showed a decreasing trend, as expected, with increasing numbers of data used to train the model. The aleatoric uncertainty showed a similar trend, but it was less obvious, which was also expected as the aleatoric uncertainty is not expected to be as dependent on the number of training data. The derived data and epistemic uncertainty equations from a multinomial probability distribution are applicable for all 2D and 3D neural networks.
An Empirical Investigation of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Price on Brand Choice

We hypothesize that the effect of price on consumer brand choice consists of two parts: (1) the direct effect which represents the financial sacrifice and (2) the indirect effect which results from the price/quality association. We propose a framework for incorporating these two components in brand choice models. Using empirical results from scanner panel data for two frequently purchased product categories we discuss the managerial implications of incorporating the direct and the indirect effects of price.
Tumor tissue microRNA expression in association with triple-negative breast cancer outcomes.

We evaluated suggested metastasis-related microRNAs (miRNAs) for their associations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In a cohort of 456 TNBC cases, we systematically evaluated 57 previously reported metastasis-related miRNAs in tumor tissue using the NanoString nCounter assay. Cox regression was applied to evaluate miRNA expression in association with DFS and OS. In vitro assays using the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 were also conducted to validate epidemiological study findings. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 112 deaths and 97 recurrences were documented. High levels of miR-374b-5p, miR-218-5p, or miR-126-3p, or low levels of miR-27b-3p were independently associated with a favorable TNBC outcome (P < 0.01 for all). A composite score based on the levels of these four miRNAs was associated with DFS, with hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval) of 0.70 (0.43–1.15), 0.51 (0.29–0.90), and 0.18 (0.09–0.37) for the second, third, and fourth compared to the lowest quartile. Incorporating the miRNA score with known TNBC outcome predictors, i.e., age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and basal-like subtype, increased the C-index for predicting DFS from 0.68 to 0.74. Additionally, miR-126-3p was correlated with basal-like breast cancer, and miR-374b-5p modified the therapeutic effects of 5-Fluorouracil and Cyclophosphamide treatments in basal-like breast cancer patients. Restoring miR-126-3p, miR-218-5p, or miR-374b-5p, or inhibiting miR-27b-3p in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced cell proliferation. miR-374b-5p suppressed cell invasion and miR-218-5p inhibited colonization. This study provides strong evidence that the expression levels of miR-374b-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-126-3p, and miR-218-5p in tumor tissues predict TNBC outcomes.
Is Social Network Platform Integration Valuable for an Online Service? A Randomized Field Experiment and Archival Data Analysis

In an attempt to leverage the profile information people maintain on social network platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Google+, many web sites and online services encourage users to register and log-in using these profiles. Despite the common adoption of this feature by online services, it is not clear whether they should integrate with social network platforms. On one hand, integration might help the online service recruit and retain users by reducing the friction associated with registration and by creating a more personalized and sociable environment. On the other hand, integration might repel users who would prefer that their actions on the service not be visible to their social networks or tracked by the platform operator (e.g., Facebook). We study whether social network platform integration is valuable to an online service by examining the implementation of the “Login with Facebook” feature by a social 3D virtual world.
Creating knowledge from the confrontation of observations and models: The case of stratospheric ozone

Through three examples taken from the history of ozone research, this paper illustrates that knowledge has been created by using simultaneously different approaches and methodologies, and by confronting the information resulting from laboratory studies, observational programs and modeling activities. New knowledge on chemical and dynamical processes in the atmosphere has been produced from detailed studies of the vertical and meridional ozone distributions in the stratosphere, and from investigations on the cause of the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.
Effect of dyadic context on judgments of rapport: dyad task and partner presence

The present studies investigated the effects of dyadic context on judgments of nonverbal behavior associated with rapport. As predicted, the task performed by a dyad, the visible presence or absence of both dyad members, and the sex of the observer affected observer judgments of responsiveness, friendliness, dominance, critical scrutiny, polite sympathy, and high status. The results suggest that dyadic context affects judgments of dyad members' facilitation of rapport by both constraining dyad behavior and affecting observer perception: (a) Dyad members received higher judgments on person-focused behaviors when engaged in a discussion as compared to a puzzle; (b) Visible presence of an interaction partner led observers to see a dyad member, on the whole, as inhibiting rapport in the interaction; and (c) Female observers perceived dyad members to exhibit more rapport-facilitating behavior. These results have major implications for the way rapport and person perception research is conducted and for understanding interpersonal perception in everyday life.
Evidence supporting lysine 166 of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase as the essential base which initiates catalysis.

The epsilon-amino group of Lys-166 of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was postulated as the essential base which initiates catalysis by abstracting the proton at C-3 of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (Hartman, F. C., Soper, T. S., Niyogi, S. K., Mural, R. J., Foote, R. S., Mitra, S., Lee, E. H., Machanoff, R., and Larimer, F. W. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3496-3501). To scrutinize this possibility, the site-directed Gly-166 mutant, totally devoid of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activity, was examined for its ability to catalyze each of three partial reactions. When carbamylated at Lys-191 (i.e. activated with CO2 and Mg2+), wild-type enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of 2-carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate, the six-carbon reaction intermediate of the carboxylase reaction (Pierce, J., Andrews, T. J., and Lorimer, G. H. (1986a) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10248-10256). Likewise, when carbamylated at Lys-191, the Gly-166 mutant also catalyzed the hydrolysis of this reaction intermediate. The carbamylated wild type catalyzed the enolization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate as indicated by the transfer of 3H radioactivity from [3-3H]ribulose, 1,5-bisphosphate to the medium. However, even when carbamylated at Lys-191, the mutant protein did not catalyze the enolization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. Additionally, unlike the decarbamylated wild-type enzyme, which catalyzed the decarboxylation of 2-carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate in the absence of Mg2+, the mutant protein was inactive in this partial reaction. These properties exclude the epsilon-amino group of Lys-166 as an obligatory participant in the hydrolysis of 2-carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate. In contrast, these properties are consistent with the epsilon-amino group of Lys-166 functioning as an acid-base catalyst in the enolization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (when the enzyme is carbamylated) and in the decarboxylation of 2-carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate (when the enzyme is decarbamylated). Alternatively, Lys-166 may stabilize the transition states of these two partial reactions.
Theories, Practices, and Research in Conflict Resolution and Low-Intensity Conflicts: The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey

This article analyzes the Kurdish conflict in terms of the theories and practices of conflict resolution. The low-intensity conflict in Turkey is used for the application of conflict resolution theories, namely basic human needs (BHNs), dissonance (relative deprivation), realist, psychodynamic, and chaos theories to explain and understand deep-rooted and protracted intra-state conflicts. Before analyzing the conflict with an interdisciplinary approach and different theories, the historical background is presented. The psychodynamic approach (externalization, projection, chosen traumas, dehumanization, the egoism of victimization, the need for the enemies and allies, and the ethnic identity formation) are necessary to explain the Kurdish question in Turkey in the post-11 September world order. With the help of conflict resolution tools, the author analyzes the use of interactive problem-solving workshop (PSWs) to find a common ground between Turks and Kurds. The article concludes that the conflict should be explained and understood not only within the context of terrorism and economic backwardness, but also identity and basic human security needs of the conflicting parties. It also requires using both military and conflict resolution tools.
A directional path distance model for raster distance mapping

This paper proposes a directional model for weighted path distance mapping on raster data structures. The approach that is used to map the shortest path distance from a set of source cells to any background cell incorporates both non-directional and directional weights on the links between adjacent cells. Nondirectional weights allow users to model impedance in terms of the traditional cell based friction costs used in raster distance mapping. Directional weights allow users to model non-symmetric travel costs incurred in traveling through value-gradients in continuous fields such as elevation, temperature or density, or incurred when traveling through a prevailing flow field. The model has been implemented as a cell-based raster distance mapping tool with user selectable directional factor functions, using both Dijkstra's and the Bellman-Ford's shortest distance algorithms. Two experimental results are included.
Uncertainty and roll-call voting in lame-duck sessions of the U.S. House., 1969-2010

Lame-duck sessions of Congress have become increasingly common of late. Such sessions are marked by higher levels of ideological and participatory shirking among departing members, creating a more uncertain legislative environment. I investigate the consequences of such shirking on coalition formation and roll-call behavior. I analyze House roll-call votes held in the 12 congresses that convened lame-duck sessions from 1969 to 2010 (91st to 111th Congresses) to assess how roll-call behavior changes across sessions. I find subtle but statistically significant changes across sessions consistent with claims regarding greater uncertainty in roll-call voting in lame-duck sessions.
Environmental plutonium: The curious case of seawater

A method for quantitatively estimating the fractions of plutonium oxidation states that derive from disproportionation, or other oxidation-reduction reactions, is illustrated with data for seawater. The results agree with experiment and can be checked numerically. Attention is drawn to a discrepancy in what we think is known about seawater.
Response by Rafael to the responses to “Betraying Empire: Translation and the Ideology of Conquest”

In the last section of my article, “Betraying Empire”, I raised the question of seeking alternatives to the long tradition of logocentric translation that has accompanied the expansion of the West....
The salience of the vertical dimension in the concept of “bigger” in five- and six-year-olds

The hypothesis tested is that verticality is disproportionately weighted in the concept of “bigger” in 5- and 6-year-olds. For each of 12 planimetric displays of two figures, the 5- and 6-year-olds (N = 40) indicated the bigger figure to be the figure having the greater vertical dimension (significant beyond the .01 level), even when the surface area of the less vertical figure was four times as great. For 10 of the 12 displays, the choice pattern of these 5- and 6-year-olds differed significantly from the selections of a control group of 35 high-school seniors. This disproportionate relevance of the vertical dimension in the concept of “bigger” for the younger age group was offered as a confounding factor in any determination of the conservation of size in which the question asked is “Which is bigger?”.
Aggregation of sulfonated free-base phthalocyanine on gold as a function of solution pH

Aggregates of tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)phthalocyanine were deposited on Au(111) from solutions of varying pH. The resulting surface species were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ambient and ultra high vacuum conditions. The pH of the solution from which the TSPc is deposited has profound effects on the adsorbed structures. We observed a diversity of surface structures. At low pH web like aggregates composed of vertically stacked coherent columnar assemblies averaging five molecules per stack were observed. Basic solutions yielded dense molecular monolayers.
Fluid Flow in Polygonal Micro Heat Pipes

Micro heat pipes have been used to cool microelectronic devices, but their heat transfer coefficients are low compared with those of conventional heat pipes. A typical micro heat pipe has a long and narrow cavity of polygonal cross section. A long vapor bubble occupies the center of the cavity, while the liquid fills the rest. As one end of the pipe is heated, the liquid evaporates and increases the vapor pressure. The higher pressure drives the vapor to the cold end where the vapor condenses and releases the latent heat. The condensate moves along the liquid-filled corners of the pipe back to the hot end to complete the cycle. Since the pipe is long, the vapor and liquid flow almost uni-directionally along most part of the pipe. We have developed a finite-difference method to solve for the coupled flows. To validate the numerical code, we modify the flow geometry so that analytic solutions can be obtained for the axial velocity and compared with the numerical results. The analytic solutions and the finite-difference method are described and their results compared. We find good agreement for the volume flow rate and the velocity profile, thus validating the numerical method.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
On the speaking of John L. Lewis

One of the most important criteria in rhetorical judgment is generally recognized to relate to effect, both immediate and long range. Another important criterion concerns the orator's use of rhetorical devices, and their results. When the same rhetorical devices often produce favorable results with one set of audiences, and prove not to be so favorably received when used with other audiences, the critic does well to examine a) the personal background of the orator he is studying and b) the history of the movement or system of ideas the orator represents. It is proposed in this paper first to illustrate the kind of ethical appeal or attack so often used by John L. Lewis, then to trace the historical and personal background which helped produce this approach, and finally to examine its results in a typical speech dealing primarily with labor, and in typical speeches of political as well as labor orientation.
Immunologic Targeting of FOXP3 in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells

The forkhead transcription factor FOXP3 is necessary for induction of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and their immunosuppressive function. We have previously demonstrated that targeting Tregs by vaccination of mice with murine FOXP3 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells (DCs) elicits FOXP3-specific T cell responses and enhances tumor immunity. It is clear that FOXP3 expression is not restricted to T-cell lineage and herein, using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and western immunoblot we demonstrate for the first time that FOXP3 is expressed in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells, SUM149 (triple negative, ErbB1-activated) and SUM190 (ErbB2-overexpressing). Importantly, FOXP3-specific T cells generated in vitro using human FOXP3 RNA-transfected DCs as stimulators efficiently lyse SUM149 cells. Interestingly, an isogenic model (rSUM149) derived from SUM149 with an enhanced anti-apoptotic phenotype was resistant to FOXP3-specific T cell mediated lysis. The MHC class I cellular processing mechanism was intact in both cell lines at the protein and transcription levels suggesting that the resistance to cytolysis by rSUM149 cells was not related to MHC class I expression or to the MHC class I antigen processing machinery in these cells. Our data suggest that FOXP3 may be an effective tumor target in IBC cells however increased anti-apoptotic signaling can lead to immune evasion.
Autothermal catalytic pyrolysis of methane as a new route to hydrogen production with reduced CO2 emissions

Hydrogen production plants are among major sources of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The objective of this paper is to explore new routes to hydrogen production from natural gas (or methane) with drastically reduced CO2 emissions. One approach analyzed in this paper is based on thermocatalytic decomposition (or pyrolysis) of methane into hydrogen gas and elemental carbon over carbon-based catalysts. Several heat input options to the endothermic process are discussed in the paper. The authors conduct thermodynamic analysis of methane decomposition in the presence of small amounts of oxygen in an autothermal (or thermo-neutral) regime using AspenPlus™ chemical process simulator. Methane conversion, products yield, effluent gas composition, process enthalpy flows as a function of temperature, pressure and O2/CH4 ratio has been determined. CO2 emissions (per m3 of H2 produced) from the process could potentially be a factor of 3–5 less than from conventional hydrogen production processes. Oxygen-assisted decomposition of methane over activated carbon (AC) and AC-supported iron catalysts over wide range of temperatures and O2/CH4 ratios was experimentally verified. Problems associated with the catalyst deactivation and the effect of iron doping on the catalyst stability are discussed.
Magnetic susceptibility and triangular exchange coupling in the tourmaline mineral group

Abstract Magnetic susceptibilities of three iron-rich tourmaline crystals from Mexquitic (Mexico), Pierpont (New York), and Madagascar with different and known chemical compositions have been studied from 8° to 300°K. The iron atoms in the tourmaline crystal structure, space group R3m , a∼15·9, c∼7·2 , are situated at the three corners of an equilateral triangle and are close enough for magnetic exchange interaction. For buergerite, the Mexquitic sample, the susceptibility data lead to an exchange constant J/k of 7·5°K. Although the amount of aluminum would be sufficient to fill point position 18(c) exactly, the magnetic data are consistent with some substitution of ferric iron for aluminum, as previously determined from X-ray and neutron diffraction studies. Some aluminum thus replaces iron in position 9(b). Exchange constants were also estimated for the other two magnesium-iron specimens, of which the madagascar sample is aluminum deficient. The results agree with the evidence from optical spectra that there is considerable deviation from octahedral symmetry in the oxygen coordination polyhedra about the 9(b) and 18(c) point positions.
COST OF REFRACTORY EPILEPSY IN ADULTS IN THE USA

A cost of illness of refractory epilepsy was developed based on estimates supplied by an expert panel of physicians and a review of the current literature. The basic elements of model can be divided into two main components: direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include the medical resource utilization patterns associated with epilepsy care while the indirect costs represent lost productivity associated with the disease. The results of the analysis indicate that an estimated 24,578 incident cases of epilepsy incur a total of $318,582,669; while our prevalence estimates indicate that 335,167 individuals incur a total of $3,905,183,463, in a given year. Direct medical costs account for one-third of the total costs while indirect costs constitute the remaining two-thirds.
The treatment of staphylococcic infections with thiazole derivatives of sulfanilamide

Abstract One hundred thirty cases of staphylococcic infections treated with thiazole derivatives of sulfanilamide are reported. Fifty-two patients received sulfamethylthiazole and seventy-eight took sulfathiazole. The types of organisms and the conditions treated are listed. Oral, intravenous, rectal and local administration of the drugs are discussed, including indications, dosage and efficacy. The thiazoles are rapidly excreted through the kidneys in free and combined form. Approximately 29 per cent of the sulfathiazole was acetylated by the cases in this study. The blood stream is cleared in twenty-four to forty-eight hours. The various toxic manifestations encountered are listed and the reactions discussed. No anemia, leukopenia, renal calculi, cyanosis or neuritis resulted from sulfathiazole. Sulfamethylthiazole caused one case of lower motor neurone involvement, two cases of anemia and five cases of cyanosis. Two cases of diplopia are recorded for the first time. The management of toxic reactions is discussed. Ninety-two and three-tenth per cent of the cases were improved; five of those who did not improve failed to show any response to treatment and the others died. The mortality of staphylococcic septicemia in this study was 27 per cent. Although sulfamethylthiazole has strong action against staphylococcus, it is a potentially dangerous drug. Sulfathiazole is the only efficient, accepted drug for the treatment of staphylococcic infections.