cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affectionate communication in nonromantic relationships: Influences of communicator, relational, and contextual factors

Despite its importance for healthy relational development, the overt communication of affection is inherently risk‐laden and subject to normative expectancies for appropriateness. The present study examines a number of individual, relational, and contextual factors that individually and collectively influence the perceived appropriateness of communicating affection in nonromantic dyadic relationships. An experiment involving 386 subjects was conducted to assess the influence of biological sex, sex composition, relational type, and the privacy and emotional intensity of interactive contexts. Predictions regarding their influence were substantially supported.
Paraganglioma Resection Requiring Left Atrial Reconstruction

Paragangliomas, also known as extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, arise from chromaffin cells within the autonomonic ganglia. Catecholamine secreting paragangliomas have been described in the mediastinum, but rarely invade the heart. This case describes the use of a novel bioabsorbable matrix that was used to replace a tumor invading the posterior left atrium.
Real options for precautionary fisheries management

The 1996 Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) ‘Guidelines on the Precautionary Approach to Fisheries and Species Introduction’ raise important issues for fisheries managers, but fail to prescribe an approach for risk management. The distinguishing characteristics of the ‘precautionary approach’ are the inclusion of uncertainty and ‘an elaboration on the burden of proof’. The FAO precautionary approach emphasizes that managers should be risk-averse, but does not provide tools for determining the appropriate degree of risk aversion. Consequently, application of the precautionary approach often leads to decision-making based on ad hoc safety margins. These safety margins are seldom chosen with explicit consideration of trade-offs. If the emphasis was shifted to choosing between competing uncertainties, then managers could manage risk. By attempting to avoid risk, managers may gain exposure to other risks and perhaps miss valuable opportunities. We place fishery management problems within the rubric of ‘real investment’ problems, and compare and contrast the consideration of risk by alternative investment frameworks. We show that traditional investment frameworks are inappropriate for fishery management, and furthermore, that traditional precautionary approaches are arbitrary and without basis in decision theory. Quantitative decision-making techniques, such as formal decision analysis (FDA), enable integration of competing hypotheses that help alleviate burden-of-proof issues. These techniques help analysts consider sources of uncertainty. FDA, however, can still be subject to arbitrary safety margins because such analyses often focus on determining which strategies best achieve, or avoid, targets that have been established without complete consideration of trade-offs. A managerial finance approach, real options analysis (ROA), is an alternative and complementary decision-making technique that enables managers to compute precautionary adjustments that couple the size of the ‘safety margin’ with the amount of uncertainty, thereby optimizing risk exposure and avoiding the need for arbitrary safety margins. We illustrate the advantages of an approach that combines FDA and ROA, using a heuristic example about a decision to re-introduce Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) into Lake Ontario. Finally, we provide guidance on applying ROA to other fishery problems. The precautionary approach requires that managers consider risk, but considering risk is not the same as managing it. Here ROA is useful.
Arbitrarily shaped virtual-object based video compression

Object based compression techniques are widely believed to have the potential to give the best compression results for a given signal quality. However, true object tracking and extraction are difficult and computationally expensive. In this paper, an arbitrarily shaped virtual-object compression method is developed. The method is similar to the object based compression methods in that it separates the changing portion of the video from the stationary portion, and encodes them independently. The changing portion of the video is grouped as a 3D arbitrarily shaped virtual-object whereas the unchanged portion of the video is grouped as background. The arbitrarily shaped virtual object is coded using 3D wavelet compression whereas stationary background is coded as a single frame using 2D wavelet compression. Experimental results demonstrate that the newly developed method has comparable performance with the state-of-the-art compression methods and significantly outperforms rectangular virtual-object compression.
Correlation of patient-derived utility values and quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Background Utility value (UV) represents the "value" that a patient places on a given health state and can be closely associated with quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine if UV and quality of life are correlated after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to assess quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Study design Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer were interviewed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, which measures 8 domains of quality of life. Patients assessed their current health state by rating their present health from 0 (which was equivalent to death) to 100 (which was equivalent to prefect health), and by a time-exchange (TE) method that asked how many years of their present life they would be willing to exchange for perfect health. Statistical analysis consisted of linear regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results Twenty patients were interviewed. The UVs correlated with the TE (p = 0.003, r = −0.63), and 6 of 8 36-item Short Form Health Survey domains: physical functioning (p r = 0.82), role-physical (p = 0.005, r = 0.61), bodily pain (p = 0.003, r = 0.63), general health (p = 0.00001, r = 0.81), vitality (p = 0.01, r = 0.54), and mental health (p = 0.03, r = 0.5). The TE score correlated with the physical functioning (p = 0.06, r = −0.59) and bodily pain (p = 0.05, r = −0.44) domains. There were significant differences in the UV, TE, physical functioning, role-physical, and role-emotional between patients less than 1 year and more than 1 year postoperative. Conclusions These data imply that patient-perceived health status and quality of life are linked and that quality-of-life scores after pancreaticoduodenectomy are better in patients more than 1 year postoperative.
A multilevel passenger screening problem for aviation security

Passenger prescreening is a critical component of aviation security systems. This paper introduces the Multilevel Allocation Problem (MAP), which models the screening of passengers and baggage in a multilevel aviation security system. A passenger is screened by one of several classes, each of which corresponds to a set of procedures using security screening devices, where passengers are differentiated by their perceived risk levels. Each class is defined in terms of its fixed cost (the overhead costs), its marginal cost (the additional cost to screen a passenger), and its security level. The objective of MAP is to assign each passenger to a class such that the total security is maximized subject to passenger assignments and budget constraints. This paper shows that MAP is NP-hard and introduces a Greedy heuristic that obtains approximate solutions to MAP that use no more than two classes. Examples are constructed using data extracted from the Official Airline Guide. Analysis of the examples suggests that fewer security classes for passenger screening may be more effective and that using passenger risk information can lead to more effective security screening strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Physically-Consistent Broadband Material Model Generation for Microstrip Transmission Lines

This paper presents a method to create broadband material models for microstrip using measurements and simulations. A closed-form equation is used to solve for the real part of the permittivity from the measured propagation constant. The Debye equation is used to relate the imaginary part of the permittivity to the real part.
Bulk and (112¯0) surface properties of β-Pu2O3: A theoretical study using DFT with exact exchange for correlated electrons

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT), with quarter of DFT exchange replaced by Fock exchange for the 5f electrons, is used to calculate bulk and ( 1 1 2 ¯ 0 ) surface properties of β-Pu2O3. Lowest energy bulk structure is an anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) insulator, optimized lattice parameters agreeing well with experiment. The surface is also an AFM insulator with a predicted work function, surface energy, and a band gap of 2.52 eV, 1.58 J/m2, and 0.7 eV, respectively, with surface properties converging at five atomic layers. The 5f electron states localization is pronounced at the top layer while bulk-like behavior is exhibited at and below the subsurface layer.
System dependent sources of error in time-of-flight shear wave speed measurements

This work discusses eight sources of uncertainty and bias arising from system dependent parameters in ultrasound shear wave speed (SWS) measurement. Each of the eight error sources of error we have identified is discussed in the context of a linear, isotropic, elastic, homogeneous medium, combining previously reported analyses with Field II simulations, full-wave 2D acoustic propagation simulations and experimental studies. Errors arising from both spatial and temporal sources lead to errors in SWS measurements. Arrival time estimation noise, speckle bias, master clock jitter, and phase aberration cause uncertainties (variance) in SWS measurements, while pulse repetition frequency and beamforming errors, as well as coupling medium sound speed mismatch cause biases in SWS measurements (accuracy errors). Calibration of these sources of error is an important step in the development of shear wave imaging systems. In a well-calibrated system, where the sources of biases are minimized, and averaging over an ROI is employed to reduce the sources of uncertainty, a SWS error < 3% can be expected.
Browning and Amino Acid Loss in Model Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

The kinetics of browning and amino acid loss due to the Maillard reaction was studied in model total parenteral nutrition (TPN) systems containing glucose and either lysine, tryptophan, and cysteine alone or in combination. Cysteine systems showed the highest molar rate of browning while lysine showed the slowest rate. The molar rate of browning with all amino acids combined was significantly less than that of the sum of the individual rates, indicating interactions or inhibition. TPN electrolytes had no significant effect on the browning rate. The amino acids showed an initial rapid pseudo-first-order decrease in concentration followed by an apparent recovery and stabilization at an equilibrium concentration of about 60-80% of the original level.
CyberKnife with Tumor Tracking: An Effective Treatment for High-Risk Surgical Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Published data suggests that wedge resection for stage I NSCLC results in improved overall survival compared to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We report CyberKnife outcomes for high-risk surgical patients with biopsy-proven stage I NSCLC. PET/CT imaging was completed for staging. Three-to-five gold fiducial markers were implanted in or near tumors to serve as targeting references. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were contoured using lung windows; the margins were expanded by 5 mm to establish the planning treatment volume (PTV). Treatment plans were designed using hundreds of pencil beams. Doses delivered to the PTV ranged from 42-60 Gy in 3 fractions. The 30-Gy isodose contour extended at least 1cm from the GTV to eradicate microscopic disease. Treatments were delivered using the CyberKnife system with tumor tracking. Examination and PET/CT imaging occurred at 3-month follow-up intervals. Forty patients (median age 76) with a median maximum tumor diameter of 2.6 cm (range, 1.4-5.0 cm) and a mean post-bronchodilator percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 57% (range, 21 - 111%) were treated. A mean dose of 50 Gy was delivered to the PTV over 3 to 13 days (median, 7 days). The 30-Gy isodose contour extended a mean 1.9 cm from the GTV. At a median 44 months (range, 12 -72 months) follow-up, the 3-year Kaplan-Meier locoregional control and overall survival estimates compare favorably with contemporary wedge resection outcomes at 91% and 75% , respectively. CyberKnife is an effective treatment approach for stage I NSCLC that is similar to wedge resection, eradicating tumors with 1 to 2 cm margins in order to preserve lung function. Prospective randomized trials comparing CyberKnife with wedge resection are necessary to confirm equivalence.
Lotrafiban: an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker.

Platelets play a major role in thrombus formation, as well as in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Inhibition of platelet function is now emphasised more than ever for prevention and treatment of almost all vascular diseases, since thrombosis is established as the key pathogenic event causing acute ischaemic coronary and cerebrovascular syndromes. Although acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) has been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke, its effect is weak and more effective antithrombotic agents are required to manage patients at high-risk for recurrent vascular events. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) blockade represents a significant advance in interventional cardiology and treatment of acute ischaemic syndromes. The past several years have seen the introduction of many platelet GPIIb/IIIa blockers into the clinical arena targeting the unique platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor for the adhesive proteins, fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor. Platelet GPIIb/IIIa ...
'I'm Mexican, remember?' Constructing ethnic identities via authenticating discourse

This paper examines how an ideology of cultural authenticity emerges in the casual but playful conversations of a bilingual Mexican American friendship group. Authenticating discourse, as illustrated here, is part of an ongoing, ordinary interactional routine through which speakers take overt (authentication) stances, which I call authenticating moves, to display, impugn, vie for, and enact forms of ethnic identity. In the data, issues of authenticity in relation to Mexicanness emerge as a result of the interactional exploitation of three ideological constructs: purity of bloodline, purity of nationality, and Spanish linguistic fluency.
Bivariate time-series analysis of the relationship between advertising and sales

This paper focuses on empirical model building of the sale–advertising relationship at the aggregate response level. Arguments are presented in favour of a combined Box–Jenkins econometric approach to model this relationship. The approach is illustrated and the resulting model is compared to competing models with respect to descriptive and forecasting performance.
Adjustment of Muscle Mechanics Model Parameters to Simulate Dynamic Contractions in Older Adults

The generation of muscle-actuated simulations that accurately represent the movement of old adults requires a model that accounts for changes in muscle properties that occur with aging. An objective of this study was to adjust the parameters of Hill-type musculo-tendon models to reflect nominal age-related changes in muscle mechanics that have been reported in the literature. A second objective was to determine whether using the parametric adjustments resulted in simulated dynamic ankle torque behavior similar to that seen in healthy old adults. The primary parameter adjustment involved decreasing maximum isometric muscle forces to account for the loss of muscle mass and specific strength with age. A review of the literature suggested the need for other modest adjustments that account for prolonged muscular deactivation, a reduction in maximum contraction velocity, greater passive muscle stiffness and increased normalized force capacity during lengthening contractions. With age-related changes incorporated, a musculo-tendon model was used to simulate isometric and isokinetic contractions of ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscles. The model predicted that ankle plantarflexion power output during 120 deg/s shortening contractions would be over 40% lower in old adults compared to healthy young adults. These power losses with age exceed the 30% loss in isometric strength assumed in the model but are comparable to 39-44% reductions in ankle power outputs measured in healthy old adults of approximately 70 years of age. Thus, accounting for age-related changes in muscle properties, other than decreased maximum isometric force, may be particularly important when simulating movements that require substantial power development.
Adaptive dynamic channel allocation scheme for spotbeam handover in LEO satellite networks

Among satellite systems, the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system will have an important role in new future communication services, because of its lower propagation delay, lower user terminal and satellite power consumption, and efficient spectrum utilization using a smaller coverage area than its geostationary (GEO) counterpart. However a number of mobility problems that did not exist in GEO satellite systems should be solved. One noticeable mobility problem is the spotbeam handover which occurs most frequently in LEO satellite systems. The frequent spotbeam handover requires a technique to decrease the handover blocking probability. An adaptive dynamic channel allocation (ADCA) scheme is introduced for LEO satellite networks. The ADCA scheme estimates the future number of handover events based on the user location database, and reserves the corresponding number of channels in order to decrease the overall handover blocking probabilities. The performance evaluation shows that the handover blocking probabilities of the ADCA technique substantially decrease in comparison with the other channel allocation schemes.
Measuring Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) Mass With the Use of Satellite Imagery

Abstract Eastern redcedar ( Juniperus virginiana L.) is an aggressively spreading native species in Oklahoma grasslands. It decreases rangeland forage production, and has been implicated in reducing stream flow and groundwater recharge. Industrial-scale plans to use redcedar as a biofuel source are being considered. Optimal placement of redcedar-based industries requires determination of redcedar availability. Such large-area inventories of redcedar mass can be practically addressed via aircraft or satellite remote sensing. Therefore, we conducted a study in central and western Oklahoma to develop and test a remote-sensing–based allometric equation relating redcedar canopy area to aboveground dry mass (AGM). We used automated methods to measure tree canopy area from georectified, pan-sharpened, multispectral QuickBird images having a spatial resolution of 0. 45 m 2 per pixel ground sample area. We also measured the canopy area and fresh and dry mass of these trees with the use of destructive sampling techniques. Regression analysis showed that satellite-derived measurements of canopy coverage explained about 85% of field-measured redcedar dry AGM in the study plots. The resulting allometric equation was applied to an independent data set, yielding dry AGM of 38.2 metric tons ⋅ ha −1 , which was well within the field-measured range of 36–43 metric tons ⋅ ha −1 . The allometric equation was then applied to Natural Resources Conservation Service measurements of redcedar canopy coverage for 17 counties in Oklahoma, to determine that the area of interest contains a median value of about 11.5 million metric tons of redcedar AGM. These results indicate that 0.45-m 2 spatial resolution multispectral imagery can be a useful tool for rapid and reliable measurement of redcedar dry AGM.
cis-acting elements involved in photoregulation of an oat phytochrome promoter in rice.

Phytochrome negatively regulates the transcription of its own phyA genes. High levels of Pfr, the active, far-red-light absorbing form of phytochrome, repress phyA transcription; low Pfr levels result in derepression. We have utilized microprojectile-mediated gene transfer to identify regions of an oat phyA3 gene involved in this autoregulation. Chimeric constructs containing various deletion and sequence substitution mutants of the oat phyA3 gene fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter (phyA3/CAT) have been introduced into etiolated rice seedlings by particle bombardment. Low Pfr concentrations induce high phyA3/CAT expression, whereas high Pfr represses activity to near basal levels. Removal of phyA3 sequences 39 to the transcription start site reduces expression about fivefold, suggesting that intron 1 of the phyA3 gene may be required for high activity. The degree of high-Pfr-imposed repression is unaffected by any of a series of deletions or sequence substitutions in the phyA3 promoter, thus providing no evidence of any Pfr-activated negative elements. In contrast, 59 and internal deletions identify a minimum of three major positive promoter elements, designated PE1 [-381 base pairs (bp) to -348 bp], PE2 (-635 bp to -489 bp), and PE3 (-110 bp to -76 bp) that are necessary for high-level expression in low-Pfr cells. The data indicate that PE1 and PE2 are functionally redundant, but that PE3 is required in conjunction with either PE1 or PE2 for activity. PE3 contains a sequence element that is highly conserved between monocot phyA promoters, indicative of a critical role in phyA expression.
Rejoinder to Dunn, Johnson, and Firth

I realize the term "White" is not entirely satisfactory, but what terms would have been entirely satisfactory for all purposes and to all people? Surely Dr. Dunn is aware of the fact that pairs of terms such as "Anglos" and "Spanish," "Spanish" and "Chicano" or even "Northern European Extraction" and "Mediterranean Extraction" all have their place in some contexts, but not in all contexts. My use of the terms "White" and "non-White" is defensible for at least two reasons: (a) After criticizing me, Dunn comes up with no better solution. He suggests "European" and "non-European," but in the same breath he himself says they are also "problematical," and (b) Of the fifty-seven letters I have received so far concerning this article from anthropologists (fifty-four) and sociologists (three), none seems to show any confusion as to my referents.
Gender Segregation in Elite Academic Science

Efforts to understand gender segregation within and among science disciplines have focused on both supply- and demand-side explanations. Yet we know little about how academic scientists themselves view the sources of such segregation. Utilizing data from a survey of scientists at thirty top U.S. graduate programs in physics and biology (n = 2,503) and semistructured interviews with 150 of them, this article examines the reasons academic scientists provide for differences in the distribution of women in biology and physics. In quantitative analyses, gender is more salient than discipline in determining the reasons scientists provide for gender disparities between disciplines, suggesting that gender may act as a “master status,” shaping the experiences of scientists regardless of the gender composition of the discipline. Qualitative interviews confirm this interpretation and reveal that scientists also perceive mentoring, natural differences, discrimination, and the history of the disciplines to be importan...
Description and phylogeny of Staminodeus, a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with Cyclanthaceae

Abstract Staminodeus, new genus, is described for seven species: S. inermis, new species, from Panama; S. curvitibialis, new species, from Colombia and Venezuela; S. denticulatus, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama; S. bispinosus, new species, from Panama; S. forcipis, new species, from Costa Rica; S. dilatatus, new species, from Panama; and S. vectoris, new species, from Costa Rica and Panama. Staminodeus is placed in Derelomini, and is characterized by the putative synapomorphies: carinate rostrum, male with prothoracic leg ventrally denticulate (excepting S. inermis) as well as median lobe internally with complex structures, and female with frontal spine. All species are hypothesized to be associated with the staminodes of the inflorescences of Cyclanthaceae. Field observations on the reproductive behavior of S. vectoris at La Selva, Costa Rica, indicate that the protibia in males is used to displace competitors, whereas the spine in females was used as a point of support while transporting the de...
Middle Atmosphere Simulated with High Vertical and Horizontal Resolution Versions of a GCM: Improvements in the Cold Pole Bias and Generation of a QBO-like Oscillation in the Tropics

Abstract The large-scale circulation in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory “SKYHI” troposphere–stratosphere–mesosphere finite-difference general circulation model is examined as a function of vertical and horizontal resolution. The experiments examined include one with horizontal grid spacing of ∼35 km and another with ∼100 km horizontal grid spacing but very high vertical resolution (160 levels between the ground and about 85 km). The simulation of the middle-atmospheric zonal-mean winds and temperatures in the extratropics is found to be very sensitive to horizontal resolution. For example, in the early Southern Hemisphere winter the South Pole near 1 mb in the model is colder than observed, but the bias is reduced with improved horizontal resolution (from ∼70°C in a version with ∼300 km grid spacing to less than 10°C in the ∼35 km version). The extratropical simulation is found to be only slightly affected by enhancements of the vertical resolution. By contrast, the tropical middle-atmospheric s...
Can law and economics stand the purchase of moral satisfaction

In recent years there has been a debate over whether or not moral sentiments should be included in normative economic analysis. This paper compares the standard normative criteria for benefit cost analysis, Kaldor-Hicks, that does not include moral sentiments with a modification that does called KHZ. The choice between these criteria should rest on which is the most acceptable and useful. The conclusion is that KHZ dominates KH even by the standards of KH itself and that its use illuminates certain problems in environmental law and economics such as comparing projects with compensation and those without and whether discount rates should be used in evaluating the far future.
Science and policy: scientific expertise and individual participation in boundary management

ABSTRACTBoundary theory has assumed that two distinct organizations—scientists and policy-makers—can interface with one another via an external boundary organization, yet boundary management contexts often call for different strategies where a neutral third party is not involved. Recent scholarship has highlighted alternative models for boundary organizations, including the emergence of boundary organizations within universities. Most of these studies have taken an organizational perspective, yet as universities increasingly fulfill the role of boundary organizations by direct engagement with policy-makers, we need a deeper understanding of the roles scientists should play within this context. This study highlights the need to understand context before designing and implementing boundary management strategies, and considers the complexities of direct engagement between scientists and policy-makers. We draw from a case study conducted in Maine to argue that there are contexts in which scientists need to ma...
Retrieval of the Ocean Skin Temperature Profiles From Measurements of Infrared Hyperspectral Radiometers—Part II: Field Data Analysis

To obtain the vertical temperature profile of the thermal skin layer on the aqueous side of the ocean–atmosphere interface from radiance measurements of hyperspectral infrared radiometers, regularization methods are used to address the nonlinearity and ill-conditioning of the inverse problem associated with the retrieval. This paper demonstrates the truncated singular value decomposition regularization technique on field data sets obtained from the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI). The M-AERI takes highly accurate and spectrally resolved radiance measurements in the infrared, which allows for the sensing of temperature values within thermal skin layer depths of less than 1 mm below the ocean surface. Results showed temperature inversions found in the solution, but these are deemed unphysical, based on previous tests on synthetic data and by a scaling analysis using the Rayleigh number, which are presented here. The importance of sea surface emissivity for performing the atmospheric correction to M-AERI measurements to derive surface emissivity spectra is also discussed. The retrieved profiles exhibit a smooth exponential-like structure that agrees well with theory.
Increased Risk of Postoperative Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Previous Patellectomy.

Abstract Background Few studies have reported the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with previous patellectomy. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of complications and survivorship of primary TKA in patients who previously had a patellectomy in comparison to those undergoing TKA with patellar resurfacing. Methods This was a historical cohort study and comprised 134 knees with previous patellectomy in a cohort of 17,946 primary TKA procedures at a single institution between 1985 and 2010. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of complications and revisions in patients with previous patellectomy. Results When compared to TKA with patellar resurfacing, the risk of complications (hazards ratio: 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.81) was significantly higher in post-patellectomy knees, but there was no difference in the risk of revisions (hazards ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.80, 2.18). There was no significant difference between the posterior-stabilized and cruciate-retaining designs in terms of both complications and revisions ( P > .05). The most common complications in post-patellectomy knees were instability, delayed healing, and infection. Conclusion TKA patients with previous patellectomy have a higher risk of complications but not a higher risk of revisions.
Effects of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Infestation Levels on Soybean

A 3-year field study was conducted from 1978 through 1980 to determine the effects of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua , larval densities on soybean yields. Yields were not reduced by any larval density tested. In 1980, maximum mean densities were 63.1 and 35.3 larvae per 0.3 m of row in the R2 and R4 stages, respectively. Larvae fed primarily on bloom petals, when available, and fully expanded leaves. Little pod feeding occurred. Data indicated that population levels in sequential infestations much larger than recorded would be necessary to sustain economic yield losses.
The effects of weather and lunar cycle on nocturnal migration of landbirds at Southeast Farallon Island, California

Proximal climatic and lunar effects on amval and departure of nocturnal migrant landbirds at Southeast Farallon Island (SEFI), California, were examined using multivariate and univariate statistics. Predictive models including date, weather and lunar variables were developed for both spring and fall, which accounted for 33-40°/o of variation in amval totals and 18-2 1% of vanation in departure proportions. Seasonal, regonal, and taxonomic variation in weatherand lunar-migration relationships were assessed and, along with comparisons of amval and departure patterns, used to differentiate proximal effects on amval to SEFI, from widespread effects resulting in increased migration volume over California. Low wind speeds, low to moderate visibility, full cloud cover and lack of fog viere proximal effects increasing amval to SEFI, while low wind speeds, low but rising barometric pressure, clear and clearing skies, high visibility, and decreased moonlight (in fall) resulted in increased departure proportions and, presumably, caused higher migration volume over the region. Effects of wind direction and air temperature, although related to synoptic weather-migration relationships, generally had obscure or minimal direct influences on amval and departure at SEFI. Departure proportion in spring increased with decreased departure proportion the day before, but few other delay effects between weather variables and amval or departure were found. Seasonal, regional, and taxonomic variation in departure effects were relatively small suggesting that selection of weather-migration strategies has evolved convergently in a diverse group of migrants flying over a region the size of California.
Determination of tetramine and fluoroacetamide in flour by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS)

Objective To develop a method to determine the contents of tetramine and fluoroacetamide in flour by gas chromatography mass spectrometry( GC-MS). Methods Samples were direct extracted by acetone and determined by GC-MS and correction equation. Results The mass library of tetramine was established. The qualitative ions of tetramine were m /z212,240,121,and its quantitative ion was m/z212. The qualitative ions of fluoroacetamide were m/z77,44,33,and its quantitative ion was m/z44. There was good linear relationship in the range of 0- 20. 0 mg /L for tetramine and in the range of 0- 50. 0 mg /L for fluoroacetamide. Their linear correlation coefficients were all above 0. 999. The detection limit of tetramine was 0. 01 mg /L and that of fluoroacetamide was 1. 0 mg /L. The relative standard deviations of fluoroacetamide and tetramine were 9. 96% and 12. 94%respectively. After adding fluoroacetamide( 2. 5- 5. 0) mg /kg or Tetramine( 1- 2) mg /kg,the spiked recoveries of sample were higher than 75%. Conclusion This study showed that the method was accurate and reliable. It could be applied to food safety emergency response as qualitative and quantitative method.
A Buffer Management Algorithm of Multiple Priority Queues Based on Traffic Forecasting

Based on traffic forecasting which imports priority, a buffer management algorithm of multiple priority queues is presented. This algorithm integrates buffer pre-dispensation in fixed points of time with buffer competition between the points of time, and makes buffer dispensation have the character of rationality and forecasting. Simulation results show that the ratio of high priority packets dropped is brought down obviously, and the new algorithm pays the attention to the transmission of low priority packets, and doesn’t import extra delay.
Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Flow Cytometry

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important constituents of the adaptive immune system. Development of CTLs are particularly important for bacterial and viral infections, in addition to tumor surveillance. Measuring T cell immune function is important in evaluating host defense, allergy, autoimmunity, transplant rejection, and tumor immunity. In these recent years it has become possible to measure multiple effector functions in a single cell such as cytokine, transcription factors, and cytolytic function. In addition these parameters can be evaluated in conjunction with cellular proliferation. In this chapter we detail these cellular based assays and the methods used to characterize and quantify both phenotype and function of CTL.
A Comparative Study of Human Well-Being Indicators Across Three Puget Sound Regions

ABSTRACTSimple frameworks that generalize the best metrics of human well-being related to the natural environment have rarely been empirically tested for their representativeness across diverse regions. This study tested the hypothesis that metrics of human well-being related to environmental change are context specific by identifying priority human well-being indicators in distinct regions. The research team interviewed 61 experts and held 8 stakeholder workshops across 3 regions to identify and prioritize locally relevant indicators. Results from the three regions were compared to determine the degree of geographic and demographic variability in indicator priorities. The team found broadly similar domains and attributes of human well-being across the regions, yet measurable indicators were specific to the contexts. Despite this, the congruence of overarching domains suggests that a high-level framework of human well-being can guide a holistic assessment of the human impacts of environmental change acros...
From a Gangsta to a Spoken Word Poet: The Multiple Identities of Spiritual

One’s identity is always forming based on past social and cultural experiences. In this article, the author utilizes the notion of identity and figured worlds to capture and discuss the “multiple identities” of Spiritual, an African American male. By illustrating how Spiritual critically analyzed his figured world via spoken word, the author demonstrates the importance of empowering dispossessed youth to be able to critique and examine the material conditions of their lives through “unsanctioned literacies” or “ill-literacies”. Therefore, through this case study, the author explains how we can better engage oppressed students through the power of spoken word poetry—which enables them to critically examine their lived experiences, to challenge and question the harsh realities of everyday life, and helps them find their voice.
40. Nuclease-Targeted Gene-Editing of FOXP3 in Primary T Cells Creates a Stable and Functional Treg Phenotype

Reprogramming T cells to adopt regulatory T cell (Treg) functions represents a promising strategy for treating autoimmune disorders and graft-versus-host disease. The development and maintenance of Treg cells is dependent on FOXP3 expression, which in turn is tightly controlled through epigenetic modification of intronic conserved non-coding sequences (CNS) surrounding the first coding exon. Two major challenges associated with FOXP3 gene-transfer approaches for Treg reprogramming are: achieving adequately high FOXP3 expression, and avoiding eventual gene silencing. We devised two gene editing strategies with the goal of driving stable expression of FOXP3 in primary human T cells. Using a combination of TALEN-mediated gene disruption and adeno-associated-virus (AAV) delivered donor repair templates, we introduced either an MND promoter upstream of the first coding exon, or we deleted intronic CNS implicated in transcriptional silencing. The donor templates were also designed to co-express FOXP3 with either GFP or EGFRt (truncated Epidermal Growth Factor receptor), to allow tracking and purification of edited cells. Both strategies resulted in T cells stably expressing FOXP3 at high levels (~60 %). Introduction of the MND promoter resulted in the greatest levels of cellular FOXP3 expression (MFI), and these cells showed phenotypic and functional changes consistent with Treg cells, including: surface marker expression (CD25high, CD127low, CTLA4high, LAG3high), suppression of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-17 and IFN-γ), and resistance to Rapamycin. Edited cells also suppressed the proliferation of stimulated T cells in vitro, demonstrating their effective ‘reprogramming’ towards a Treg lineage. Thus, our gene modification strategy allowed us to over-ride (using the MND promoter) or modulate (by deleting CNS elements) endogenous FOXP3 regulatory mechanisms to enforce stable, long-term FOXP3 expression in T cells that were not previously committed to the Treg lineage. This approach, used alone or in combination with selection for disease-relevant TCR specificity or with delivery of a chimeric antigen receptor, is likely to be broadly applicable for producing stable, functionally active Tregs for a range of future clinical applications.
Clinical study on low tidal volume ventilation in the treatment of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To explore the effect of low tidal volume ventilation on the treatment of children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Forty-four hospitalized children with ARDS from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011 at Kunming Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study.The observation group included 24 patients who received the treatment of low tidal volume ventilation (6 ～ 8 ml/kg),while the other 20 patients were in the control group who were given traditional volume ventilation (10 ～ 12 ml/kg).Oxygenation situations and blood gas analysis at 24,48,72 h after ventilation、mechanical ventilation complications,and the mortality in the first 28 days were observed.Results The ratios of PaO2/FiO2 were 104 ±23.6 in observation group and 112 ±34.7 in control group (P ＞0.05).However,after 24,48 and 72 h of ventilation,the ratios of PaO2/FiO2 showed statistical significance (t ≥2.01,P ＜0.05 ; t ≥2.74,P ＜ 0.01).Barotrauma in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (x2 =6.97,P ＜ 0.01).The mortality (16.7％) of the observation group was significantly lower than that (50％) of the control group (x2 =5.58,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Low tidal volume ventilation can reduce complications and improve oxygenation of ARDS patients,and reduce the mortality in ARDS children.The improved rescue technology should be applied for the treatment of children with ARDS. Key words: Tidal volume; Acute disease; Respiratory distress syndrome, adult/therapy; Child
Attributes for Image Retrieval

Image retrieval is a computer vision application that people encounter in their everyday lives. To enable accurate retrieval results, a human user needs to be able to communicate in a rich and noiseless way with the retrieval system. We propose semantic visual attributes as a communication channel for search because they are commonly used by humans to describe the world around them. We first propose a new feedback interaction where users can directly comment on how individual properties of retrieved content should be adjusted to more closely match the desired visual content. We then show how to ensure this interaction is as informative as possible, by having the vision system ask those questions that will most increase its certainty over what content is relevant. To ensure that attribute-based statements from the user are not misinterpreted by the system, we model the unique ways in which users employ attribute terms, and develop personalized attribute models. We discover clusters among users in terms of how they use a given attribute term, and consequently discover the distinct “shades of meaning” of these attributes. Our work is a significant step in the direction of bridging the semantic gap between high-level user intent and low-level visual features. We discuss extensions to further increase the utility of attributes for practical search applications.
Forging Ahead with Bread: Nationalism, Networks and Narratives of Progress and Modernity in Japan

This chapter discusses nationalism and the (re)production and transformation of national identity, as well as the implicated notion of modernity, through analysing discourses and narratives on bread in Japan. I argue that despite tenacious associations of bread with the West in Japan, not only do standardized notions of Japanese breads exist but also networks of bakers and bread enthusiastsstrive towards a novel understanding of bread reflecting Japanese aesthetics and sentiment beyond these standardized forms. What ‘Japanese bread’ may mean rests not solely with bakers but also becomes a project undertaken by farmers, millers, policy-makers, mass media personnel and the consuming public in their attendance and contribution to these festivals and seminar events. In this chapter, I address: (1) nationalism and national identity in terms of food and cuisine in Japan; (2) Wa (Japanese) and yō (Western), and Nihon no pan (Japanese bread), the traversing of constructed categories of Self and Other; (3) the decline of rice consumption and the ubiquity of bread in contemporary Japan; (4) the introduction of bread into Japan, its historical trajectory and implications for modernizing projects; (5) baking networks across Japan.
Latent feature vulnerability ranking of CVSS vectors

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) has been widely used to provide a score measuring the severity of software vulnerabilities. Analysts determine ordinal label assignments of subcategories relating to ease and impact of exploitation; the CVSS Version 2 (CVSS v2) score is computed formulaically using the labels. These scores have been directly used to prioritize vulnerability mitigation strategies. However, Allodi and Massacci found that CVSS scores are not strongly linked to exploit emergence and that cyber defenders can become overwhelmed by the volume of vulnerabilities that are nearly indistinguishable by their high scores. To improve the tactical use of information provided from the CVSS, data-driven statistics that probe the relationship between the existence of cyber exploits with CVSS scores are provided. Using databases of known exploits, a stand-in for threat assessment, initial results indicate a roughly power-law relationship between CVSS scores and exploit existence.To improve upon the CVSS score ranking, the latent feature space described by a Jaccard similarity metric on CVSS vector values from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is explored. Using spectral clustering in this latent feature space, known exploits emerged in the clusters in far from random distributions, allowing a vulnerability ranking that outperforms CVSS scoring. Further, in temporal testing, new exploits emerged in the clusters with nearly the same distribution as the learned model, allowing the system some ability to predict which vulnerabilities may be most likely to develop exploits over time. These results help cyber defenders better direct mitigation efforts towards vulnerabilities more strongly associated with exploits.
Comparing the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT for Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis

Efficacy of EMDR and TF-CBT for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was explored through meta-analysis. A comprehensive search yielded 494 studies of children and adolescents with PTSS who received treatment with these evidence-based therapeutic modalities. Thirty total studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall Cohen’s d was small (−0.359) and statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating EMDR and TF-CBT are effective in treating PTSS. Major findings posit TF-CBT is marginally more effective than EMDR; those with sub-clinical PTSS responded more favorably in treatment than those with PTSD; and greater reductions in PTSS were observed with presence of comorbidity in diagnosis. Assessment of publication bias with Classic fail-safe N revealed it would take 457 nonsignificant studies to nullify these findings.