cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The temperature variation of the scattering properties of crystals

Abstract It is shown how thermodynamic data (heat capacity, thermal expansion, etc.) may be used to estimate accurately certain scattering properties of crystals, assuming the validity of the quasi-harmonic approximation of lattice dynamics. In particular, Debye-Waller factors and incoherent neutron scattering cross sections can be readily correlated with thermodynamic data even though the form of the lattice frequency distribution of the crystal is not known. Thermodynamic data for vanadium, silicon, germanium and copper have been analysed and the results used to illustrate the accurate estimation of the following entities: Debye-Waller factor, total incoherent neutron scattering cross section, differential incoherent neutron cross section in the weak-binding approximation and in the n-phonon approximation. The application of the method to Mossbauer effect phenomena is also discussed. Definite criteria are suggested for deciding the conditions under which the substitution of the Debye distribution for th...
Effects of cooperative and competitive learning experiences on interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped students.

Summary The effects of cooperative and competitive learning experiences on interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped, fourth-grade students were compared. Fifty-one students were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for handicap, ability, and sex. They participated in two instructional units for 45 minutes a day for 15 instructional days. Cross-handicap interaction during daily free-time periods and a number of attitudes were measured. The results indicate that cooperative learning experiences, compared with competitive ones, promote more interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped students.
Solubility of Anthracene in Ternary 1,4-Dioxane + Alcohol + Cyclohexane Solvent Mixtures at 298.15 K

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ternary 1,4-dioxane + 1-propanol + cyclohexane, 1,4-dioxane + 2-propanol + cyclohexane, 1,4-dioxane + 1-butanol + cyclohexane, 1,4-dioxane + 2-butanol + cyclohexane, and 1,4-dioxane + 2-methyl-1-propanol + cyclohexane solvent mixtures at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. Nineteen compositions were studied for each of the five solvent systems. Results of these measurements are used to test the predictive ability of the ternary solvent form of the combined NIMS/Redlich−Kister equation. Computations showed that the model predicted the observed mole fraction solubilities to within an overall average absolute deviation of about 4.7%.
Temperature Elevations in Implanted Prostatic Tumors During Laser Photothermal Therapy Using Nanorods

Gold nanoshells or nanorods are newly developed nanotechnology in laser photothermal therapy for cancer treatments in recent years [1–10]. Gold nanoshells consists of a solid dielectric nanoparticle core (∼100 nm) coated by a thin gold shell (∼10 nm). Gold nanorods have a diameter of 10 nm and an aspect ratio of approximately four. Nanorods may be taken up by tumors more readily than nanoshells due to nanorods’ smaller size. By varying the geometric ratio, both nanoshells and nanorods can be tuned to have strong absorption and scattering to a specific laser wavelength. Among a wide range of laser wavelengths, the near infrared (NIR) laser at ∼800 nm is most attractive to clinicians due to its deep optical penetration in tissue. Therefore, the tissue would appear almost “transparent” to the 800 nm laser light before the laser reaches the nanoshells or nanorods in tumors, with minimal laser energy wasted by the tissue without the nanostructures. The laser energy absorbed in an area congregating by the nanostructures is transferred to the surrounding tissue by heat conduction. This approach not only achieves targeted delivery of laser energy to the tumor, but also maximally concentrates a majority of the laser energy to the tumor region.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Early vs. delayed cerebral infarction after aneurysm repair after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background Cerebral infarction is a major contributor to poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although usually considered a complication of delayed cerebral ischemia, infarcts may also occur early, in relation to initial brain injury or aneurysm-securing procedures. Objective We analyzed the relative frequency and volume of early vs delayed infarcts after SAH and their relationship to hospital outcome. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive patients admitted with aneurysmal SAH over 4 years who had follow-up brain imaging 7 days or later after admission. Imaging 24 to 48-hours after aneurysm-securing procedures was reviewed to classify infarcts seen on final imaging as early or delayed. Infarct volumes were measured by perimeter tracing and infarct burden calculated for each patient. Results Of 250 eligible patients, 205 had follow-up imaging; infarcts were present in 61 patients. Of these, 29 had early infarcts, 16 had delayed infarcts, and 5 had both early and delayed infarcts. Eleven patients with infarcts did not undergo postprocedure computed tomography; these were presumptively classified as having late infarcts. Early and delayed infarcts contributed equally to infarct burden. Early infarcts were associated with aneurysm clipping (odds ratio: 4.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-9.5 compared with coiling), whereas delayed infarcts were almost always seen in association with angiographic vasospasm (odds ratio: 3.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-7.3). Patients with early as well as late infarcts, especially those with infarct burden more than 30 cm had worse hospital discharge disposition. Conclusion Early infarction occurs frequently after SAH and contributes as much as delayed cerebral ischemia to infarct burden and hospital outcome. Efforts to better understand and modify contributors to early infarction appear warranted.
Effect of hydrophobically modified polymers on shear-induced multilamellar vesicles.

The effects of polymer concentration, polymer molecular weight, and hydrophobe substitution level of modified poly(acrylic acid) polymers on the formation, size, and viscoelastic properties of shear-induced multilamellar vesicles (onions) are studied by rheology and light diffraction. The onions are close-packed, space-filling vesicles formed by shearing aqueous lamellar phases of C12E5 surfactant to produce phases with sufficient order and size uniformity (O(1−3 μm)) to diffract light. The addition of hydrophobically modified polymers enhances the rate of formation, uniformity, and stability independent of hydrophobe substitution level. Onion size decreases with increasing shear rate as observed for pure surfactant onion systems, but the shear-rate dependence is changed by the polymer. The onion phase has a plateau modulus that increases with polymer concentration but is independent of hydrophobe substitution level or molecular weight. The model presented by Panizza et al. that relates the plateau modulu...
Teaching internal medicine residents to care for reproductive-age and pregnant women: an effective Web-based curriculum.

Background: We sought to determine whether a Web-based curriculum could improve internal medicine residents' perceived preparedness and knowledge in the areas of preconception care, infertility evaluation, and management of medical conditions during pregnancy. Training in these areas has been previously identified as inadequate. Description: Three Web-based modules were developed to teach these topics. Seventy residents at one institution were invited to complete the modules and to participate in the curriculum's evaluation over 6 months. Evaluation: Paper questionnaires assessed preparedness and comfort level among all participants. Web-based surveys that assessed pre/postknowledge and satisfaction among module completers accompanied each module. Ninety-seven percent completed paper questionnaires, and 59% completed 1 or more modules. At the end of the study period, module completers felt significantly more prepared than noncompleters, and improvement in comfort level was strongly associated with the num...
Intrahemispheric sex differences in the functional representation of language and praxic functions in normal individuals.

Abstract Kimura (1980, The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 240–241; 1983, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 19–35; 1987, Canadian Psychology, 28, 133–147) recently proposed that there are intrahemispheric sex differences in the organization of particular language and praxic functions such that in females these functions are more focally represented. This hypothesis, as well as supporting data, was derived from research with brain-injured subjects. The purpose of the present study was to test the utility of using dual-task methodology for investigating sex-related variation in intrahemispheric functional organization in normal individuals. Women were found to show greater interference than men on concurrent tasks of language and right-hand finger tapping. In support of Kimura's model, the present findings yielded evidence suggestive of intrahemispheric sex differences in the “functional distance” between language and praxic functions within the left hemisphere of normal individuals.
A quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13q affects fasting glucose levels in Hispanic children.

Objective: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically in the United States. Early presentation of type 2 diabetes has been observed in children and adolescents, especially in the Hispanic population. The genetic contribution of glucose homeostasis related to childhood obesity is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to localize quantitative trait loci influencing fasting serum glucose levels in Hispanic children participating in the Viva La Familia Study. Design: Subjects were 1030 children ascertained through an overweight child from 319 Hispanic families. Fasting serum glucose levels were measured enzymatically, and genetic linkage analyses were conducted using SOLAR software. Results: Fasting glucose was heritable, with a heritability of 0.62 ± 0.08 (P < 0.01). Genome-wide scan mapped fasting serum glucose to markers D13S158–D13S173 on chromosome 13q (LOD score of 4.6). A strong positional candidate gene is insulin receptor substrate 2, regulator of glucose homeostasis ...
Fast Detection of Local Anesthetic Ropivacaine by Impedance Method on Polypyrrole-Graphene Oxide

A rapid detection of the local anesthetic ropivacaine was measured by electrochemical impedance method. Polypyrrole (Ppy) and polypyrrole (Ppy)-graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared by electrochemical polymerization on the gold electrode as the working electrode. The electrochemical properties of the Ppy and Ppy-GO composites electrode were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Various concentrations from 1 to 20 ppm of ropivacaine were prepared in 0.9% NaCl as the sample solution. Prepared Ppy and Ppy-GO were used as working electrodes, and the sample solution had been measured for a sinusoidal excitation in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. It exhibited the better linearity (R2=0.973) of Ppy/1% GO than Ppy (R2=0.882) from 1 to 20 ppm when the frequency fixed in 100 kHz. All the response and recovery time of 0.1 ppm local anesthetic ropivacaine can be detection in this system within 1 sec, it will be a promising composite material on electrochemical electrode.
Consumer self-regulation in a retail environment☆☆☆

Abstract The importance of retail store design and merchandising policies rests in the ability of the physical retail environment to alter shopper reactions and behavior. Previous research documents relationships between physical store environments, shopper emotions, and subsequent shopping behavior. Research presented in this paper extends this research by considering the role of consumer self-regulation as a moderator of relationships between shopping emotions and consumer evaluations of the shopping experience. Structural equations analyses support this assertion and suggest disparate outcomes depending upon one's self-regulatory tendency. Results also show that feelings of dominance, previously dismissed as unimportant, significantly alter shopping behavior among those low in self-regulation.
INTRODUCING HERBAL MEDICINE INTO CONVENTIONAL HEALTH CARE SETTINGS

Herbal therapy is one of several holistic therapies gaining recognition within the health care community in the United States. As a discipline, herbal medicine is in its infancy regarding educational standards for credentialling, standardization, and regulation of products and clinical applications within this health care system. This article discusses professional considerations for midwives who are interested in integrating herbal healing into their clinical practices, and offers examples of how to incorporate herbal medicine into midwifery care. Resources for practitioners including books, newsletters, journals, courses, computer sites, and databases are presented. The author offers guidance for creating an herbal practice manual for the midwifery office as well as the hospital setting and for documenting herbal healing in the medical record. Collegial support, barriers to practice, liability, and insurance issues are discussed. A clinical applications section includes specific herbal formulas for preconception health, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and postdates pregnancy.
Optimized CMOS-SOI process for high performance RF switches

In recent years, CMOS on Silicon-on-Insulator has rapidly evolved as a mainstream technology for switches used in wireless applications. Since such applications can involve switching high power levels (35 dBm) at high frequencies (∼2 GHz), the technology considerations are substantially different than those for SOI used in high speed, small signal applications such as microprocessors. This paper provides an overview of key technology challenges and trade-offs.
Complete Hydrogen and Helium Particle Spectra from 30- to 60-MeV Proton Bombardment of Nuclei with A = 12 to 209 and Comparison with the Intranuclear Cascade Model

Differential cross sections for the production of proton, deuteron, triton, helium-3, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles from as many as 10 targets ($A=12\ensuremath{-}209$) were measured using 29-, 39-, and 62-MeV incident protons. The particles were detected, with $\ensuremath{\approx}0.2$-MeV [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] energy resolution for protons, over a secondary energy range of $\ensuremath{\approx}2\ensuremath{-}6 \mathrm{to} 62$ MeV in a total absorption telescope composed of three solid-state detectors. Representative results are shown for cross sections differential in energy and angle, as well as for angle-and energy-integrated cross sections. For incident 60-MeV protons the integral magnitude of the nonevaporation charged-particle production is found to be $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{2}{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ mb. Fewer protons but more complex particles were measured for carbon and oxygen targets than expected from an ${A}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ dependence for either component alone. The continuum cross sections for $z=1$ particles at a given angle (mb ${\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ Me${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) are nearly independent of incident energy when measured with incident protons in the 30- to 60- MeV energy range. Nonevaporation production of complex particles ($A\ensuremath{\ge}2$) is 25-40% of that for protons. The proton spectra have been compared with predictions from the intranuclear cascade model. Differential spectral predictions compare well with the measured spectra for angles in the range \ensuremath{\sim}25-60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and relatively poor predictions for small and large angles are more favorable when reflection and refraction by the potential well are included. Evidence is given that predictions for backward angles are greatly improved by allowing proton scattering from nucleon pairs within the model nucleus, but the $A$-dependent underprediction at extreme forward angles is not understood at all. The calculated angle-integrated spectra reproduce the measured spectral shape but consistently predict $\ensuremath{\approx}30%$ too few nonevaporation protons for targets with $A\ensuremath{\ge}27$.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{89}\mathrm{Y}$, $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, ($p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}X$), ($p,dX$), ($p,tX$), ($p,^{3}\mathrm{He}X$), ($p,\ensuremath{\alpha}X$), $E=62,39,29$ MeV; semi; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E;{E}_{{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}},{E}_{d},{E}_{{3}_{\mathrm{He}}},{E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}},\ensuremath{\theta})$; deduced $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$. $2\ensuremath{\lesssim}{E}_{{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}},{E}_{d},{E}_{t},{E}_{{3}_{\mathrm{He}}},{E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}70$ MeV. Comparisons with intranuclear cascade model.]
Mechanisms for the deposition of thin metallic films by laser driven gas phase reactions

Gas phase processing makes laser deposition over large areas possible but homogeneous nucleation of large atomic clusters must be avoided if films are to be produced. Clusters can be highly variable in size from a few atoms to significant fractions of a micrometer. If conditions do not allow for complete quenching of the clusters produced in the gas phase, these clusters can arrive at the substrate with sufficient energy to self sinter into homogeneous films which are substantially different from metallic films grown by thermal techniques. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have characterized the microstructure of thin metallic films deposited by laser breakdown chemical vapor deposition and identified a range of deposition conditions which can lead from powders to homogeneous polycrystalline films and mixed phase materials. Gas phase nucleation is dependent on reactant partial pressures and the gas phase quench rate which can be varied in part by adjusting the H/sub 2/ content of the source gas. Manipulation of these parameters can vary powder size from about one micrometer to less than 2 nanometers. Variation of the quench rate during the deposition of polycrystalline films varies the grain size in the films. Heating the substrate drastically changes the conditionsmore » under which the film is formed and as a consequence, can radically alter the microstructure of the film itself. 6 refs., 2 figs.« less
Vintage, the First 40 Years: The Emergence and Persistence of Vintage Style in the United States

This paper historicizes when wearing vintage clothing first became fashionable in the United States. I trace when the trend emerges in the U.S. and explore various ways the press framed secondhand/vintage clothes and anachronistic dressing. I contend that the emergence of vintage occurs as a form of alternative consumption alongside changes that occurred in the U.S. garment industry such as outsourcing and product licensing. These changes led many consumers to seek more authentic consumption experiences. Consumers with cultural capital found in vintage an alternative market for sourcing fashionable street style. Consumers attribute characteristics to vintage clothing that are typically part of authenticity discourse such as it being of exceptional quality, original, handcrafted, made from natural fibers, and providing continuity with the past. The authenticity of vintage is symbolically deployed in opposition to contemporary mass-produced clothing and standardized retail shopping experiences.
A closed-form polarographic catalytic current expression for a second-order reaction mechanism

Summary A closed-form approximation is formulated for the instantaneous current expression, originally derived by Koutecký , for a second-order catalytic reaction mechanism at the DME. The conditions necessary for this approximation to hold to better than 1% accuracy are easily satisfied. These conditions and the range of validity of the approximation are discussed and a comparison is made between the equation presented here and a similar approximation for the average current expression. The latter expression proves to be less accurate and its range of validity is smaller in terms of the magnitude of rate constants calculateable. The treatment is illustrated by the calculation of the rate constant for the oxidation of [Cr(NH3)6]2+ to [Cr(NH3)6]3+ by ClO2− in 1 F NH4Cl and 1 F NH4OH medium.
Insulin treatment of children with late chemical diabetes

Abstract Five children with rapidly deteriorating glucose tolerance tests and a poor insulin response to oral and i.v. glucose have been treated experimentally with insulin therapy prior to the development of symptoms of diabetes to test the feasibility of this therapy. Case histories are presented. The progressive decrease in insulin response to oral glucose of children with advanced stages of chemical diabetes, the excellent response to insulin of children with the early diagnosis of overt diabetes, and the clinical course of three of these five children suggest but do not prove that substitution insulin therapy may be indicated in selected children prior to the onset of the clinical form of the disease.
Failure of Synovial Fluid to Cushion

SYNOVIAL fluid is highly viscous and it has been thought this property aids in the protection of articular cartilage from compressive forces1–3. If synovial fluid does function as a cushion, it would probably be most effective at times of rapidly applied load that occur, for example, during running, jumping or kicking. To test this hypothesis in vitro we constructed an “impacting sleeve” (Fig. 1) which permitted the reproducible dropping of weights. The force transmitted through the specimens was registered by a force transducer, displayed on an oscilloscope, and photographed.
Abstract C254: Suppression of E‐cadherin function leads to deregulation of FAK and Src to direct squamous cell carcinoma progression

Advanced stages of epithelial carcinogenesis are linked to loss of intercellular adhesion, but it remains unclear how alterations in cell‐cell and cell‐matrix adhesions are coordinated to promote the early stages of cancer development. To address this, we used 3D tissue models that mimic human premalignant disease, and studied the impact of E‐cadherin suppression in early stage, epithelial tumor cells (HaCaT‐II‐4) on the expression and activity of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Src kinase and on tumor cell motility and invasiveness. Suppression of E‐cadherin function triggered elevated expression of FAK, increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and Src, and redirected these protein tyrosine kinases to a perinuclear distribution. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK or Src, by either Tyrphostin AG1007 or PP2, reduced their phosphorylation, and reversibly inhibited tumor cell motility in 2D, monolayer cultures. Decreased FAK or Src expression by lentivirus‐mediated shRNA restored E‐cadherin expression and cell‐cell adhesion and inhibited cell migration. 3D, bioengineered tissues harboring E‐cadherin‐deficient‐II‐4 cells in which FAK or Src were depleted, demonstrated increased membrane localization of E‐cadherin, normalization of tissue phenotype and suppression of tumor cell invasion into the underlying matrix. When these 3D tissues were grafted to the dorsum of immunocompromised mice, down‐regulation of FAK or Src resulted in suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Specifically, decreased Src expression reversed the tumor phenotype from high‐grade, aggressive and infiltrative SCC to low‐grade, well‐differentiated and demarcated tumor islands. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that E‐cadherin suppression directs the biological behavior of early stage, E‐cadherin‐deficient tumor cells in vitro and SCC progression in vivo, through modulation of FAK and Src expression and/or activity. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C254.
Correlations of glutathione peroxidase activity with memory impairment in adults with down syndrome

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder (trisomy 21 in 96% of cases), associated with an excess of a key enzyme involved with free radical metabolism (FRM), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), that is encoded by a gene on chromosome 21. Consequently, SOD-1 activity is elevated in DS, which also occurs in conditions of oxidative stress, and is associated with a compensatory increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSHPx). Methods: This study examined the relationship of memory function with erythrocyte SOD-1, GSHPx and catalase (CAT) activity in 22–51 year old adults with DS. Results: Mean erythrocyte SOD-1 (p < .02) and GSHPx (p < .01), but not CAT (p = .76), activities were significantly greater in the DS group than the controls. In the DS group, erythrocyte GSHPx, but not SOD-1 or CAT activities, was significantly correlated with memory function (r = .625, p < .025, df = 13 for savings score, r = .631, p < .01, df = 14 for intrusion errors) but not with intelligence quotients. Conclusions: These observations suggest a possible relationship between altered FRM with memory deficits among adults with DS within the age-range in that an age-related increase in the prevalence for Alzheimer’s neuropathology is known to be robust before reaching a plateau of 100%.
DNA Damage in Mammalian Cells by Non-thermal Atmospheric Pressure Microsecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma is not Mediated by Ozone

Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is now being widely developed for various clinical applications1,2 but the mechanisms of interaction of such plasmas with mammalian cells are still not well understood. It is known that DBD plasma produces ozone and it is possible that the effects of plasma may be mediated purely by ozone. Although typically requiring much higher treatment time than the typical plasma treatment times reported here, ozonation is, in fact, widely employed to kill microorganisms in water and is also used for wound healing. It has been shown earlier that plasma treatment of mammalian cells submerged in a shallow layer of culture medium can result in dose dependent DNA damage. We wanted to understand the role of ozone in mediating the interaction of non-thermal plasma DBD plasma with mammalian cells. Upon comparing plasma treatment of mammalian breast epithelial cells with ozone treatment we found that ozone treatment is qualitatively different from non-thermal DBD plasma and in fact does not play a role in mediating the observed effects of plasma on mammalian cells.
STARCH GRANULE (AMYLOPLAST) DEVELOPMENT IN ENDOSPERM OF SEVERAL ZEA MAYS L. GENOTYPES AFFECTING KERNEL POLYSACCHARIDES

A B S T R A C T Endosperm cell and starch granule (amyloplast) development of six maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes, normal, amylose-extender (ae), sugary (su), waxy (wx), amylose-extender sugary (ae su), and amylose-extender waxy (ae wx), was compared. Endosperms of all genotypes were indistinguishable at 14 days after pollination. Cells were highly vacuolated and those in the central crown area of the kernel contained small starch granules in close association with the nucleus. Cellular and nuclear enlargement occurred during endosperm development in all genotypes, and major and minor gradients in physiological age of endosperm cells were observed in all kernels. Amyloplast development varied with genotype. Plastid development in normal and wx cells was characterized by an initial starch granule formation followed by granule enlargement to cell maturity. Endosperms homozygous for ae (ae, ae su, and ae wx) developed abnormal plastid-granules. Secondary granule formations preceded development of abnormality in ae and ae su, but not in ae wx endosperms. In contrast to ae and ae su starch granules, ae wx granules were highly birefringent indicating a high degree of crystallinity. In all three ae genotypes, abnormality increased as a function of kernel and physiological cell age. The su mutant had two distinct effects on amyloplast development. First, a mobilization of the initially formed starch, and second a synthesis and accumulation of phytoglycogen and the formation of large rounded plastids. In ae su plastid development, there was a mobilization of the starch initially formed (resulting in irregularly shaped, nonbirefringent granules) but only small amounts of phytoglycogen were produced.
Development and testing of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester

This paper presents a finite element analysis of an interdigitated ( d 33 ) piezoelectric unimorph cantilever beam for harvesting vibration energy. The key feature that is analyzed is the poling behavior of the piezoelectric material. While simplified models of interdigitated piezoelectric devices assume some uniform and well-defined poling pattern, the finite element modeling shows that not to be the case. In this paper, a "percent poling factor" is developed with which to capture the real losses associated with non-uniform poling. A parametric study is carried out in which electrode patterns, piezoelectric layer dimensions and electrode dimensions are varied to see their effect on this percent poling factor. Optimal parameters are pointed out. Finally, experimental energy harvesting results for a micro-scale interdigitated beam are presented.
Full-Press Oil Extraction of Cuphea (PSR23) Seeds

Cuphea PSR23, a semi-domesticated, high-capric-acid hybrid from Cuphea viscosissima × Cuphea lanceolata, is being developed as a potential commercial alternative source of medium-chain fatty acids. The present study evaluated the effects of initial seed moisture and final moisture contents of cooked flaked seed on Cuphea’s pressing characteristics and the quality of the extracted oil. Seeds with 9 and 12% initial moisture contents (MC) were flaked and cooked at different residence times to produce cooked seeds with MC of 3.0–5.5%. Cooked seeds were pressed using a laboratory screw press. Eighty and 84% oil were extracted from cooked seeds with 5.5 and 3.0% MC, respectively. The seeds with 9% initial MC exhibited lower pressing load increase (9.1 per 1% decrease in MC) than the seeds with 12% initial MC (16.4 per 1% decrease in MC). The pressing rate decreased by 3% as the cooked flaked seed MC decreased. The amount of foots in the oil increased from 3 to 6.6% and chlorophyll content increased from 200 to 260 ppm as cooked flaked seed MC decreased from 5.5 to 3.0%. FFA contents were 2.5% for all treatments MC studied. The phosphatide content increased as the cooked flaked seed MC decreased but the amounts were still within the levels of water-degummed oil.
Influence of induction agent on pulmonary venous admixture during halothane: oxygen anaesthesia with controlled respiration in man.

CENERAL ANAESTHESIA 1-~ may be associated with an ineflqcient gas exchange cansing an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDo,,). Current evidence favors primarily mechanical causes 4,~, but the possibility of different pharmacological effects from anaesthetic agents has not been evaluated. The purpose of the present studies was to determine whether an inefficient oxygen exchange was an inevitable accompaniment of general anaesthesia, and also to compare the effects of two induction agents on the subsequent course of anaesthesia.
First Hand: Stopping By the Hospital on a Snowy Evening (With Apologies to Robert Frost)

H fi e a u f l h d o C d d p a v w rie, Pennsylvania, is located on the Southern shore f Lake Erie and is a frequent recipient of heavy ake-effect snowstorms. It was on the evening of uch a heavy snowstorm in 1993 that I was called to he emergency room to see a 77-year-old man whose and became caught in a snow blower. Like most atients who experience a snow blower injury, he as in a rush to finish his driveway before dark, so hen the chute on his snow blower became clogged ith heavy wet snow, instead of using the plastic stick rovided by the manufacturer, or any stick for that matter, e used his gloved hand. Even though he turned off the achine, when he cleared the snow, the blades were still nder load and crushed his fingertips. He had a nailbed injury with open distal phalaneal fractures to the index, middle, and ring fingers. e was in considerable pain and was angry with imself for being careless. His wife was approxiately his age, and the two of them had come to the ospital by ambulance. The overall care and manageent of such patients is fairly straightforward. The ractures are irrigated and debrided, and the nail beds re repaired with interrupted, absorbable sutures. The urgery is often performed in the emergency room. fter bandaging his wounds and applying a splint, hile sitting and writing a prescription for pain medcation and dictating a note, I overheard the patient nd his wife asking their nurse if she would call them taxicab for a ride home. She informed them that the ait on a snowy evening such as this could be 5 or 6 ours and that some taxicabs simply were not runing because of the storm. When I returned to proide the patient with his prescription and a follow-up isit with me, I asked him where they lived. Because
Purine transport in cultured-normal and mouse sarcoma virus-transformed rat kidney cells.

Abstract The characteristics of adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanine uptake in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells and NRK cells nonproductively transformed (TRK) by Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus have been studied. The data show that adenine and hypoxanthine are transported by saturable and nonsaturable processes in both cell types. The nonsaturable process for adenine uptake (about 2.5 pmoles/mg of protein/min/μ m external concentration) and hypoxanthine uptake (about 1.3 pmoles/mg of protein/min/μ m external concentration) is similar in both cell lines. The apparent K m and V max values for the facilitated transport process of both purines are more than twofold higher for TRK cells than the corresponding values for NRK cells. Uptake by NRK cells is greater than that by TRK cells at low extracellular concentration of adenine or hypoxanthine, whereas the reverse is true at high concentration of adenine or hypoxanthine. In contrast to the characteristics of adenine and hypoxanthine uptake by two cell types, guanine uptake is slightly greater in NRK cells than in TRK cells at all concentrations tested. The structural requirements for the adenine transport system are very specific in both cell types, as indicated by the inability of uric acid, hypoxanthine, and several purine analogs to inhibit adenine uptake. 6-Thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine inhibit uptake of guanine and hypoxanthine in NRK and TRK cells. Inhibition is competitive with the apparent K i values lower than the corresponding K m values in each case. Hypoxanthine inhibits guanine uptake competitively with apparent K i values of 0.19 and 6 μ m for NRK and TRK cells, respectively. Guanine, however, does not inhibit hypoxanthine uptake in either cell line. Therefore, hypoxanthine and guanine have separate transport systems in both cell lines which do not involve hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Purine inhibits guanine and hypoxanthine uptake competitively in NRK cells but is without effect in TRK cells, and adenine inhibits the uptake of guanine and hypoxanthine to a greater extent in NRK cells than in TRK cells. These results show that differences exist in the transport systems of NRK and TRK cells for these purines.
Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid chain derived from oxovanadyl and molybdate moieties [V IV O(μ 3 -MoO 4 )(2,2 ′ -bpy)]: topological equivalence of {MoO 4 } and {SO 4 } motifs

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of V2O5, V2O3, Na2MoO4 · 2H2O, MoO3, and 2,2′-bipyridine in aqueous medium yields a novel hybrid, [VIVO(μ3-MoO4)(2,2′-bpy)], which demonstrates the potential of constructing new robust composite materials composed of mixed metal oxide {V/O/M/O}-based frameworks decorated with organic functionalities by combining appropriate oxometalate motifs with suitable organic ligands.
Seasonal timing of gametogenesis, spawning, brooding and glochidia discharge in Potamilus alatus (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Wheeler Reservoir, Tennessee River, Alabama, USA.

Summary One hundred sixty-eight specimens of Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817) were collected approximately monthly from the Wheeler Reservoir (Tennessee River mile 298), Alabama, USA, between February 1995 and March 1996. Microscopic and gross examinations of gonadal tissue and marsupia were used to determine seasonal timing of gamete production, spawning, brooding and glochidia discharge. All individuals examined were dioecious. Spermatogenesis occurred between July and August. Spermatozoa numbers peaked in late August and male spawning occurred over a 2–3-week period in late August and early September. Oogenesis and female spawning had patterns similar to spermatogenesis and male spawning. Brooding of glochidia occurred between September and April. Glochidia discharge occurred in April and possibly early May, and coincided with the onset of the spawning season of the reported fish host, Aplodinotus grunniens (Rafinesque, 1819). The temporal patterns of gamete production and spawning in P. alatus of the subf...
Linear-Complex LAS Detectors Can Achieve Bit Error Rate of the NP-Hard Optimum Detector in Non-trivial Large Random Spreading CDMA

In this paper, we demonstrate via simulation that the linear-complex LAS detectors can amazingly achieve the bit error rate of the NP-hard optimum global maximum likelihood (GML) multiuser detector in large random spreading CDMA systems where the number of users is over a thousand and the number of users per degree is less than 0.9. Moreover, the LAS detectors suggestively attain the optimum asymptotic multiuser efficiency, which only the NP-hard GML detector has been known to attain.
Quench back in thin superconducting solenoid magnets

Abstract Superconducting magnets with well coupled, low resistance, secondary circuits have been observed to become fully normal faster than quench propagation in the coil would permit. This process is referred to as ‘quench back’. Quench back observed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) was caused by heating the secondary circuit from the current induced from the primary circuit as normal region in the superconducting coil propagated. This paper develops the theory for thermal quench back in thin solenoid magnets and compares this theory with measurements made in two one-meter diameter superconducting solenoid magnets.
The Role of the Lawyer in the Mental Health Field

Over the years there has been a good deal of debate about the roles that lawyers must (or must not) assume when representing in legal proceedings people alleged to be mentally ill. Mainly, the debate has been in terms of the conflict between the lawyer's traditional adversary posture and a special "best-interest-of-the-client" stance that it has been argued is appropriate when the client's mental competency is questioned.' I think the debate along this adversary/best-interest dichotomy is important and proper to the extent that it asks questions about lawyer behavior in individual cases. When the debate is waged with the idea of coming up with one general answer for all cases, however, it is not fruitful.
Effects of tillage and nitrogen rate on decomposition of transgenic Bt and near-isogenic non-Bt maize residue

A great deal of research has been conducted to evaluate transgenic Bt maize (Zea mays L.) effect on soil organisms and residue decomposition, but the effects of management practices, such as tillage and N applications have not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to examine the decomposition rate of genetically modified Bt maize residue compared to near isogenic non-Bt maize residue under different tillage and N rates in field and laboratory studies. The study was established at the Iowa State University Field Extension Education Laboratory Research Farm near Ames, Iowa in November of 2004 through 2007. The soil type of the site was Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Aquic Hapludolls). The field decomposition study design was a replicated complete factorial with three tillage treatments: no-tillage (NT), strip-tillage (ST) and deep tillage (DT); and two maize hybrids of a transgenic, Bt variety and another of non-BT variety; at five times intervals. The laboratory study was conducted concurrently to examine the effect of different N rates and simulated tillage treatments on Bt and non-Bt residue decomposition. The hypothesis of this study is that alterations made to the physiological traits in Bt maize residue would result in changes in residue decomposition rate and those changes would vary by N and tillage management. The findings of field decomposition study show that there were no significant differences between Bt and non-Bt decomposition rate under NT. However, in one year out of two years, buried Bt maize residue showed slower decomposition rate than non-Bt maize residue. In the incubation study, Bt maize residue that was mixed with soil had significantly less residue decomposition (11% of added residue C) than Bt that was un-mixed (13% of added residue C). Non-Bt maize residue mixed or un-mixed had on average 13% of residue decomposed after 80 days. Additions of N significantly lowered decomposition rates, but did not result in significant differences between Bt and non-Bt maize residue decomposition. The relevance and application of these findings are critical in providing practical information that Bt corn residue did not significantly differ in majority of time from non-Bt residue with different tillage systems in field conditions. Also, the addition of N for the purpose of increasing residue decomposition is not warranted in this study. These findings can have value in promoting conservation practices and keeping residue on soil surface rather than incorporating it with tillage.
Resectable pancreatic small cell carcinoma.

Primary pancreatic small cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, with just over 30 cases reported in the literature. Only 7 of these patients underwent surgical resection with a median survival of 6 months. Prognosis of SCC is therefore considered to be poor, and the role of adjuvant therapy is uncertain. Here we report two institutions' experience with resectable pancreatic SCC. Six patients with pancreatic SCC treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (4 patients) and the Mayo Clinic (2 patients) were identified from prospectively collected pancreatic cancer databases and re-reviewed by pathology. All six patients underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Clinicopathologic data were analyzed, and the literature on pancreatic SCC was reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years (range 27–60). All six tumors arose in the head of the pancreas. Median tumor size was 3 cm, and all cases had positive lymph nodes except for one patient who only had five nodes sampled. There were no perioperative deaths and three patients had at least one postoperative complication. All six patients received adjuvant therapy, five of whom were given combined modality treatment with radiation, cisplatin, and etoposide. Median survival was 20 months with a range of 9–173 months. The patient who lived for 9 months received chemotherapy only, while the patient who lived for 173 months was given chemoradiation with cisplatin and etoposide and represents the longest reported survival time from pancreatic SCC to date. Pancreatic SCC is an extremely rare form of cancer with a poor prognosis. Patients in this surgical series showed favorable survival rates when compared to prior reports of both resected and unresectable SCC. Cisplatin and etoposide appears to be the preferred chemotherapy regimen, although its efficacy remains uncertain, as does the role of combined modality treatment with radiation.
Advances in Live Cell Nanoscopy

Optical nanoscopy, or super-resolution microscopy, overcomes the diffraction limit of light and enables fluorescence microscopy at ∼25 nm resolution - about 10-fold better than conventional fluorescence microscopy [1]. Over the last years, the field has seen a number of conceptual and technological advances which have expanded the range of biomedical applications significantly. In my presentation, I will focus on progress in live-cell STED and single-molecule switching (FPALM/PALM/STORM) nanoscopy and will present new developments and applications in this area [2].[1] T.J. Gould, S.T. Hess, and J. Bewersdorf (2012). “Optical Nanoscopy: from Acquisition to Analysis”, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 14:231-254.[2] F. Huang, T.M.P. Hartwich, F.E. Rivera-Molina, Y. Lin, W.C. Duim, J.J. Long, P.D. Uchil, J.R. Myers, M.A. Baird, W. Mothes, M.W. Davidson, D. Toomre, J. Bewersdorf (2013). “Video-rate nanoscopy using sCMOS camera-specific single-molecule localization algorithms”, Nature Methods 10(7): 653-658.
Feminist Ideals for a Healthy Female Adolescent Sexuality: A Critique

This paper explores the ideals of healthy sexuality for teenage girls in the U.S. proposed by feminist theorists and researchers. Current ideals emphasize desire, pleasure, and subjectivity, and appear to be a response to three historically problematic areas for women and girls: objectification; abuse and victimization; and stereotypes of female passivity. There are, however, several problems with using these qualities as markers of healthy sexuality. This essay discusses these problems, including the rigid dichotomizing of subject and object, the idea that desire, pleasure, and subjectivity may have different historical meanings for girls from diverse backgrounds; and that using pleasure as a gauge for whether sex is “good” has moral implications that may undermine other important goals of feminism.
Superhit hunk heroes for sale: Globalization and Bollywood's gender politics

This paper looks at the role of the Bollywood star and the significance of Hindi films for the India diaspora. It examines the processes that mobilize the circulation of popular Hindi films across national, cultural and linguistic barriers, and looks in particular at the representational politics of the male star.
Decrease in Alarm Call Response Among Tufted Capuchins in Competitive Feeding Contexts: Possible Evidence for Counterdeception

Animal signals function to elicit behaviors in receivers that ultimately benefit the signaler, while receivers should respond in a way that maximizes their own fitness. However, the best response may be difficult for receivers to determine when unreliable signaling is common. “Deceptive” alarm calling is common among tufted capuchins (Cebus apella nigritus) in competitive feeding contexts, and responding to these calls is costly. Receivers should thus vary their responses based on whether a call is likely to be reliable. If capuchins are indeed able to assess reliability, I predicted that receivers will be less likely to respond to alarms that are given during competitive feeding contexts than in noncompetitive contexts, and, within feeding contexts, that individuals inside or adjacent to a food patch will be less likely to respond to alarms than those further from the resource. I tested these predictions in a group of wild capuchins by observing the reactions of focal animals to alarm calls in both noncompetitive contexts and experimental feeding contexts. Antipredator escape reactions, but not vigilance reactions, occurred significantly less often in competitive feeding contexts than in noncompetitive contexts and individuals adjacent to food patches were more likely to respond to alarm calls than were those inside or further from food patches. Although not all predictions were fully supported, the findings demonstrate that receivers vary their behavior in a way that minimizes the costs associated with “deceptive” alarms, but further research is needed to determine whether or not this can be attributed to counterdeception.