cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SEMPA – Ein Ansatz des Semantischen Prozessmanagements zur Planung von Prozessmodellen

Unternehmen mussen ihre Prozesse laufend an veranderte Marktentwicklungen anpassen. Die dafur notwendige Modellierung und Verbesserung der Prozesse ist jedoch derzeit oftmals noch mit hohem manuellem Aufwand verbunden. Im Beitrag wird ein Ansatz des Semantischen Prozessmanagements vorgestellt, der eine teilautomatisierte Erstellung (im Sinne einer Planung) von Prozessmodellen aus einzelnen Aktionen ermoglicht:
Studies on choline dehydrogenase: III. Organization of the respiratory chain in choline oxidase☆

Abstract 1. 1. Titration of rat-liver mitochondria with azide, antimycin A, 2- n -heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, and cyanide showed quantitatively very different effects on succinic and on choline oxidase activities. The former enzyme system was very much more sensitive to each of these inhibitors and reached complete inhibition at relatively low concentrations of these inhibitors; the latter showed a significant activity even at high concentrations of all the inhibitors except cyanide. 2. 2. While choline oxidase was partially resistant to antimycin A and quinoline oxidase, the reduction of cytochrome c by choline was completely inhibited. 3. 3. Added cytochrome c stimulated succinate oxidation several fold without affecting choline oxidase. 4. 4. Anaerobically, no oxidation of choline by fumarate could be demonstrated. 5. 5. In untreated rat-liver mitochondria the succinic and choline oxidase and the corresponding cytochrome c reductase activities are additive, not competitive. When the amount of active cytochrome a 3 was limited by titration with azide, the competition of succinic and choline dehydrogenases for the respiratory chain could be demonstrated. Limitation of the rate of the cytochrome b to c 1 step by antimycin A or quinoline oxide, however, failed to produce competition between the two oxidases. 6. 6. The differential effects of respiratory chain inhibitors and of added cytochrome c were shown to be due to the greater activity of succinic oxidase, as compared with choline oxidase. Following equalization of the activities of the two enzyme systems by titration with malonate these differences disappeared largely, but not entirely. 7. 7. The conditions necessary for the development of the inhibitor-resistant oxidation of choline have been studied. With excess azide present, choline and succinic oxidases competer for the azide-resistant, autooxidizable component. With excess antimycin A or quinoline oxide present, however, succinate oxidation is completely abolished, but significant choline oxidase activity remains.
Transformative Education in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: An Analysis of SoTL Literature.

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) though in its youth, is perceived by many as transforming the academy. Will the transformation of the academy promised by SoTL be a mere shifting of priorities from research in the disciplines to research in pedagogy? Or will SoTL pursue transformation of the conception of teaching and learning whereby the commons influence our identities as knowers and actors engaged in scholarship for the purposes of transformation and growth on local and global scales? Our purpose is to explore whether the scholarship of teaching and learning, as represented in literature associated with SoTL, is being utilized for transformative or transgressive (hooks, 1994) educational practices. What does a review of literature identified as SoTL reveal about the utilization of the commons and the transformative practice of SoTL? Is SoTL playing its role in promoting education that is responsive to the sociopolitical climates in which teaching and learning occur?
Antibodies targeting the Rhizopus oryzae invasin, CotH3, enhance neutrophil killing (VAC6P.952)

Mucormycosis is a lethal fungal infection that afflicts the immunocompromised host such as those suffering from hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, other forms of acidosis, neutropenia, and those receiving corticosteroids. Rhizopus spp. are the most common pathogens isolated from patients with mucormycosis. Previously, we identified R. oryzae CotH3 as a surface protein which mediates fungal invasion of host cells during mucormycosis. We found rabbit polyclonal anti-CotH3 antibodies to significantly block host cell invasion by R. oryzae and protect mice from R. oryzae infection. However, it is unclear if CotH3 antibodies enhance phagocyte killing of the fungus. Here, we used flow cytometry and mouse neutrophil killing assays to determine the binding and opsonophagocytic killing capacities of varying concentrations of anti-CotH3 antibodies against R. oryzae, respectively. Anti-CotH3 antibodies showed high-affinity binding (>99%) to R. oryzae even when low concentration of the antibodies were used (e.g. 3mcg dose). CotH3 antibodies also widely bound to other Mucorales known to cause mucormycosis including Mucor circinelloides, Lichtheimia, Rhizomucor, and Cunninghamella. Neutrophil kill assay has shown Anti-CotH3 antibodies to dramatically enhance mouse neutrophil killing by > 2-fold increase vs. control with preimmune antibodies (P
Terrorism and revolutionary violence: the emergence of terrorism in the French Revolution

Accounts of terrorism, which locate the emergence of the concept in the French Revolution, tend to accept two premises. First, they assume that the concept of terrorism names a particular form of violence. Second, they regard Robespierre as the first practitioner of terrorism, thus suggesting an understanding of the term as state violence. While this article substantiates the second premise by way of a discussion of the first systematic articulation of terrorism by Tallien in 1794, it problematises the first premise through an examination of archival evidence from the period between 1794 and 1797. By identifying a variety of conceptual uses of terrorism as a form of government, political philosophy and political identity, I argue for an expansion of the conceptual space within which terrorism is primarily understood as a form of violent action.
Development and pilot test of the workplace readiness questionnaire, a theory-based instrument to measure small workplaces' readiness to implement wellness programs

Abstract Purpose. To develop a theory-based questionnaire to assess readiness for change in small workplaces adopting wellness programs. Design. In developing our scale, we first tested items via “think-aloud” interviews. We tested the revised items in a cross-sectional quantitative telephone survey. Setting. The study setting comprised small workplaces (20–250 employees) in low-wage industries. Subjects. Decision-makers representing small workplaces in King County, Washington (think-aloud interviews, n = 9), and the United States (telephone survey, n = 201) served as study subjects. Measures. We generated items for each construct in Weiner's theory of organizational readiness for change. We also measured workplace characteristics and current implementation of workplace wellness programs. Analysis. We assessed reliability by coefficient alpha for each of the readiness questionnaire subscales. We tested the association of all subscales with employers' current implementation of wellness policies, programs, ...
SELECTION FOR PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE IN THE PREDATORY MITE AMBLYSEIUS FALLACIS

In selections of two greenhouse populations of the predatory mite, Amblyseius fallacis, a 64-fold increase in resistance to permethrin was achieved after about 12 permethrin applications. The initial populations were established by mixing a variety of laboratory colonies, and adding a few individuals from recently collected field colonies. One population was treated alternately with azinphosmethyl and permethrin; it developed permethrin resistance more slowly than did the population receiving only permethrin treatments. A third population, established from the laboratory colony with the highest initial resistance level, showed little increase in resistance. After selection all three populations showed reasonable survivorship in the greenhouse on plants sprayed at recommended field rates of permethrin. All three populations also maintained resistance to azinphosmethyl, whether or not they received selection with this compound. These permethrin-resistant predatory mites may provide biological control of pest mites on crops where synthetic pyrethroids are used to control other pests. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Selektion auf Permethrinresistenz bei der Raubmilbe, Amblyseius fallacis Bei Selektionen zweier Gewachshauspopulationen der Raubmilbe Amblyseius fallacis wurde nach etwa 12 Permethrinapplikationen eine 64-fache Zunahme der Resistenz gegen diesen Wirkstoff festgestellt. Die Ausgangspopulationen wurden durch Mischung mehrerer Laboratoriumskolonien und durch Zugabe einiger Tiere aus frisch gesammelten Freilandkolonien gebildet. Die eine Population wurde abwechselnd mit Azinphosmethyl und Permethrin behandelt; sie entwickelte Permethrinresistenz langsamer als die ausschliesslich mit Permethrin behandelte Kolonie. Eine dritte Kolonie, welche aus der Laboratoriumskolonie mit der hochsten Initialresistenz gebildet worden war, wies wenig Resistenzzunahme auf. Nach der Selektion zeigten alle drei Populationen im Gewachshaus ziemlich gutes Uberleben auf Pflanzen, die mit der empfohlenen Dosis Permethrin behandelt worden waren. Die drei Populationen behielten zudem ihre Resistenz auf Azinphosmethyl und zwar mit und ohne Selektion auf diesen Wirkstoff. Diese permethrinresistenten Raubmilben konnten die biologische Bekampfung schadlicher Milben auf Kulturen gewahrleisten, die gegen andere Schadlinge mit Pyrethroiden behandelt werden.
Using Wind Anomalies to Forecast East Coast Winter Storms

Abstract Forecasting major winter storms is a critical function for all weather services. Conventional model-derived fields from numerical weather prediction models most frequently utilized by operational forecasters, such as pressure level geopotential height, temperature fields, quantitative precipitation forecasts, and model output statistics, are often insufficient to determine whether a winter storm represents a large departure from normal, or has the potential to produce significant snowfall. This paper presents a method, using normalized departures from climatology, to assist forecasters in identifying long-duration and potentially significant winter storms. The focus of this paper is on anomalous low- and upper-level wind anomalies associated with winter storms along the U.S. east coast. Observed and forecast low-level (850 hPa) and upper-level (300 and 250 hPa) easterly wind anomalies are compared with a 30-yr (1961–90) reanalysis climatology. Anomalous easterly low-level winds are correlated wit...
Theology and science: The quest for a new apologetics

This paper claims that the hazy intersection between the diverse fields of theology and the other sciences is not to be clarified in the first place by exploring methodological parallels or degrees of consonance between theology and the sciences. What should be explored first is the epistemological question of the nature and status of explanations and of explanatory claims in theology and science. The similarities, as well as important differences between theology and science, will thus be highlighted when we focus this discussion on the shaping of rationality in theology and science, on the hermeneutical problem o f relating context and meaning, and on the fallibilist nature of both theological and scientific truth claims.
The effect of age on prostaglandin E2 stimulation of growth hormone release from cultured rat pituitary cells

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent secretagogue of GH in mature mammals. Although PGs are produced by the fetus and newborn of many species, the ontogeny of PGE2’s GH stimulatory effect and the interaction of PGE2 with GHRF in the developing animal are not known. We examined the effects of 0.01–10 μM PGE2 and 0.01–10 nM rat GHRF, alone and in combination, on GH release from cultured pituitary cells of 2-day(d)-old, 7-d-old, 15-d-old, and adult (3- to 4-month-old) male rats (n = 4–7 experiments/age group). The effect of PGE2 on GH release was markedly age dependent. The GH response to all doses of PGE2 over 0.01 μM was greatest in pituitary cells of adult and 15-d-old rats and least in those of 2-d-old pups. PGE2 (0.1 μM) did not cause significant GH release from pituitary cells of 2-d-old pups (110 ± 3% of control values), but increased that from 7-d-old, 15-d-old, and adult pituitary cells to 126 ± 8%, 155 ± 8%, and 156 ± 9% of respective control values (by analysis of variance: F = 7.28; P < 0.001). PG...
Magnetotransport in nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquids

Abstract The temperature dependence of the normal-state dc magnetotransport in high-temperature superconductors is investigated using the nearly anti-ferromagnetic Fermi-liquid description of planar quasiparticles. A direct numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation is obtained in a finite magnetic field. Highly anisotropic quasiparticle scattering is found at different regions of the Fermi surface, giving rise to the measured anomalous temperature dependences of the resistivity, the Hall coefficient and the orbital magnetoresistance.
Organic planning: A new approach to public participation in local governance

Abstract In the past few years, a new form of citizen-oriented policy deliberation has emerged. Often using the concept of “visioning” as a vehicle, efforts have been carried out to foster citizen discussions regarding the desired future of a community, region, or jurisdiction. The future orientation of such deliberations allows for a wide array of issues and concerns to be identified and acted upon in a developmental format. This paper seeks to draw some generalizations from this new phenomena. We argue that this is a new form of citizen participation that builds upon, but is distinct from, previous citizen participation practices and models. We call this new variant organic planning.
Operator DNA Sequence Variation Enhances High Affinity Binding by Hinge Helix Mutants of Lactose Repressor Protein

The mechanism by which genetic regulatory proteins discern specific target DNA sequences remains a major area of inquiry. To explore in more detail the interplay between DNA and protein sequence, we have examined binding of variant lac operator DNA sequences to a series of mutant lactose repressor proteins (LacI). These proteins were altered in the C-terminus of the hinge region that links the N-terminal DNA binding and core sugar binding domains. Variant operators differed from the wild-type operator, O(1), in spacing and/or symmetry of the half-sites that contact the LacI N-terminal DNA binding domain. Binding of wild-type and mutant proteins was affected differentially by variations in operator sequence and symmetry. While the mutant series exhibits a 10(4)-fold range in binding affinity for O(1) operator, only a approximately 20-fold difference in affinity is observed for a completely symmetric operator, O(sym), used widely in studies of the LacI protein. Further, DNA sequence influenced allosteric response for these proteins. Binding of this LacI mutant series to other variant operator DNA sequences indicated the importance of symmetry-related bases, spacing, and the central base pair sequence in high affinity complex formation. Conformational flexibility in the DNA and other aspects of the structure influenced by the sequence may establish the binding environment for protein and determine both affinity and potential for allostery.
Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease

A hypothetical model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a uniquely human brain disorder rooted in its exceptional process of myelination is presented. Cortical regions with the most protracted development are most vulnerable to AD pathology, and this protracted development is driven by oligodendrocytes, which continue to differentiate into myelin producing cells late into the fifth decade of life. The unique metabolic demands of producing and maintaining their vast myelin sheaths and synthesizing the brain's cholesterol supply make oligodendrocytes especially susceptible to a variety of insults. Their vulnerability increases with increasing age at differentiation as later-differentiating cells myelinate increasing numbers of axonal segments. These vulnerable late-differentiating cells drive the protracted process of intracortical myelination and by increasing local cholesterol and iron levels, progressively increase the toxicity of the intracortical environment forming the basis for the age risk factor for AD. At older ages, the roughly bilaterally symmetrical continuum of oligodendrocyte vulnerability manifests as a progressive pattern of myelin breakdown that recapitulates the developmental process of myelination in reverse. The ensuing homeostatic responses to myelin breakdown further increase intracortical toxicity and results in the relentless progression and non-random anatomical distribution of AD lesions that eventually cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. This process causes a slowly progressive disruption of neural impulse transmission that degrades the temporal synchrony of widely distributed neural networks underlying normal brain function. The resulting network "disconnections" first impact functions that are most dependent on large-scale synchronization including higher cognitive functions and formation of new memories. Multiple genetic and environmental risk factors (e.g. amyloid beta-peptide and free radical toxicity, head trauma, anoxia, cholesterol levels, etc.) can contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in aging and AD through their impact on the life-long trajectory of myelin development and breakdown. This development-to-degeneration model is testable through imaging and post mortem methods and highlights the vital role of myelin in impulse transmission and synchronous brain function. The model offers a framework that explains the anatomical distribution and progressive course of AD pathology, some of the failures of promising therapeutic interventions, and suggests further testable hypotheses as well as novel approaches for intervention efforts.
Discovery at a distance: Farther journeys in predication space

In this paper we extend the Predication-based Semantic Indexing (PSI) approach to search efficiently across triple-predicate pathways in a database of predications extracted from the biomedical literature by the SemRep system. PSI circumvents the combinatorial explosion of possible pathways by converting the task of traversing individual predications into the task of measuring the similarity between composite concept vectors. Consequently, search time for single, double or triple predicate paths is identical once the relevant concept vectors have been constructed. This paper describes the application of PSI to infer double and triple predicate pathways connecting example pairs of therapeutically related drugs and diseases; and to use these inferred pathways to guide search for treatments for other diseases. In an evaluation of the utility of vector-based dual- and triple-predicate path search in a simulated discovery experiment, these approaches are found to be complementary, with best performance obtained through their application in combination.
Violation of the Mott–Ioffe–Regel limit: high-temperature resistivity of itinerant magnets Srn+1RunO3n+1 (n=2,3,∞) and CaRuO3

Abstract Srn+1RunO3n+1 represents a class of layered materials whose physical properties are a strong function of the number of Ru–O layers per unit cell, n. These materials along with the paramagnetic CaRuO3 shares two major characteristics, namely, robust Fermi liquid behavior at low temperatures and anomalous transport behavior featured by linear temperature dependence of resistivity at high temperature. There is no crossover separating such two fundamentally different states. In this paper, we report results of our study that systematically addresses anisotropy and temperature dependence of resistivity as a function of n for the entire Srn+1RunO3n+1 series and CaRuO3 and for a wide temperature range of 1.7 K K . It is found that the anomalous transport behavior correlates with magnetic susceptibility and that the scattering mechanism(s) driving the anomalous transport behavior becomes stronger with reducing dimensionality.
Ultra wideband MC-CDMA and CI/MC-CDMA systems

Future-generation wireless communication systems, designed to support very-high-rate data services, will require ultra-wide frequency bands. However, the frequency spectrum is a very scarce resource and has (for the most part) already been allocated to different entities in small blocks. No one entity owns a contiguous ultra-wide bandwidth. Hence, any company seeking to create ultra-wide bandwidth communications will need to construct a system that operates over non-contiguous frequency bands. In this paper, we extend the MC-CDMA and CI/MC-CDMA architectures such that they operate over non-adjacent frequency bands. In this way, the MC-CDMA and CI/MC-CDMA systems support ultra-wideband communications by operating over a large set of non-contiguous frequency bands, where each band may be either unlicenced or appropriately licensed. Furthermore, we ensure that these proposed systems (1) exploit the full diversity benefits available over non-adjacent bands, maximizing performance, and (2) exploit the total bandwidth to maximize network capacity, as measured by number of users (per cell). Simulation results over typical multi-path fading channels confirm that these proposed systems not only support ultra-wideband communications over non-contiguous frequency bands, but outperforms similar systems over contiguous frequency bands (as a direct result of larger frequency diversity available).
Using Critical Incident Journaling to Encourage Cultural Awareness in Doctoral Marriage and Family Therapy Students

This study explores critical incident journaling as a means to make marriage and family therapy (MFT) students more aware of their own cultures. Subjects were 19 doctoral students, in 2 cohorts, 2 years apart. Each student kept an anonymous daily journal for 6 weeks describing cultural “bumps” that is, discrete events that made him or her aware of his or her own culture and its influence. Open coding of the entries suggested new awareness of personal reactivity in situations involving individuals differing from them in religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexuality, and home place. Increased awareness of others' cultures was also reported. This new knowledge often led to action plans.
UNUSUAL CYSTIC SCALP LESIONS IN GORLIN SYNDROME: A BRIEF REPORT

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome that is known to have variable expressivity in multiple organ systems. We describe the case of a young male child with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and scalp lesions, including a branchial cleft cyst with respiratory epithelium and a rudimentary meningocele. These are both new, previously unreported findings, possibly associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
Overproduction of the Tn3 transposition protein and its role in DNA transposition.

Abstract Five single base pair mutations that increase expression of the tnpA (transposase) gene of the Tn3 transposon approximately 30-fold, but which still allow the gene to be regulated, have been isolated by using a generally applicable procedure that involves distally linked Iac gene fusions. The mutations, which are all located in a region controlling initiation of translation of the tnpA gene, do not affect normal repression of tnpA by the tnpR gene product, and yield up to a 9000-fold increase in tnpA protein production when combined with a tnpR mutation and placed on a high copy number plasmid. The mutation yielding the highest expression level was separated from the fused Iac gene segment by homologous recombination and was found to increase the rate of transposition without altering the nature of the transposition product; in cells defective in both the E. coli recA gene and the tnpR gene of Tn3, cointegrate transposition-intermediate structures occur with the overproducing—as well as with the wild-type— tnpA gene. In the presence of a functional Tn3 tnpR gene or the related transposon δγ, such cointegrated structures are resolved into the final products of transposition.
“Of outstanding universal value”: The challenge of scale in applying the World Heritage Convention at national parks in the US

Abstract This paper explores the operation of the international World Heritage Convention in the national context of the United States. Although an early advocate of the national park idea and among the earliest proponents of the Convention, the US has shown increasing ambivalence towards the World Heritage Program since the mid-1990s. Through in-depth interviews with expert informants and a questionnaire survey of 406 visitors at four US World Heritage Sites, this study considers whether combining national and international conservation designations provides valuable reinforcement of conservation goals, or leads to unnecessary overlap and even challenges to sovereignty. The majority of my expert informants were supportive of the Convention, related to philosophical and practical benefits that they believed to be associated with the World Heritage label, although most identified few tangible influences of the World Heritage Program itself. Several noted hostility to the Program from a nationalist fringe, which fears international involvement in land use decisions. Such concerns were reflected in questionnaire responses, which revealed some distrust of the Convention and misunderstandings of its operation. I conclude that the scalar mismatch of implementing an international convention at the national scale inevitably involves challenges, but that country-specific factors are important in explaining why the Convention has been particularly controversial in the US. Education is integral to addressing these challenges, as well as reengagement with the Program by both the National Park Service and the federal administration. Intangible values associated with World Heritage mean that the Convention still enjoys considerable support in the US, providing a solid foundation for such a reengagement.
Distinct epitopes are recognized by cytolytic T lymphocyte clones on the same class I molecule: direct demonstration using DNA‐transfected targets and longterm cytolytic T cell clones

By producing long-term, stable, cytolytic T lymphocyte clones and utilizing targets expressing only a single gene product derived from the stimulator mouse strain, we have been able to directly demonstrate that T cells recognize distinct epitopes expressed on a single H-2 molecule. These multiple determinants are distinguishable by inhibition patterns with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). When two T cell clones, P-2.14 and P-2.17, are tested on an L cell transfected with the Dp gene (λ12a), the T cells kill the transfected targets as well as blasts derived from Dp mouse strains. mAb 7-16.10 inhibits recognition and killing of Dp targets by both P-2.14 and P-2.17. This mAb 7-16.10, however, competees with H-2.m22. Interestingly mAb 11-20.3 which also recognizes the H-2.m22 specificity inhibits clone P-2.14 but not P-2.17. The mAb 7-16.10, however, competes with 11-20.3 for binding to the surface of L cells expressing the Dp gene. Thus the two T cells must recognize an overlapping specificity. Other mAb which bind to the H-2Dp molecule are unable to inhibit either of these two cytolytic T cell clones. Paradoxically, any of the mAb when tested individually are sufficient to inhibit the polyclonal response derived from in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture. Therefore, by using targets expressing only a single H-2 molecule derived by DNA-mediated gene transfer and cytolytic T cell clones we have been able to directly demonstrate the presence of multiple epitopes on a single molecule and define their inhibition with mAb directed to that same molecule.
Pullaritheca longii gen. nov. and Kerryia mattenii gen. et sp. nov., lower Carboniferous cupules with ovules of the Hydrasperma tenuis-type

Abstract New specimens of cupules assignable to Hydrasperma longii Matten et al. have been collected at Oxroad Bay in southern Scotland. Two of these bear large well-developed ovules that are tightly packed within the cupules and reveal the features of the relatively mature fructification. The attached ovules fall within the range of structural variation that encompasses both the isolated ovules that are the type specimens of H. tenuis and cupulate ovules described as H. tenuis from the uppermost Devonian of Ireland. However, the cupules from Scotland and Ireland have distinctly different morphologies. This demonstrates that H. tenuis ovules are produced by at least two different kinds of plants and reveals that ovule structure alone is not always a reliable taxonomic indicator among primitive gymnosperms. The genus Hydrasperma is restricted to isolated ovules because it can not be determined which, if either of the plants, represented by the currently-known cupulate morphologies, actually bore the type specimens of H. tenuis. Plants represented by the ovulate cupules from Scotland and Ireland are named Pullaritheca longii gen. nov. and Kerryia mattenii gen. et sp. nov. respectively.
Time dependence of laser-induced surface breakdown in fused silica at 355 nm in the nanosecond regime

Laser-induced surface breakdown in fused silica has been studied as a function of pulse width in the nanosecond regime. The third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser was used to produce 7.5 ns duration pulses (FWHM) at 355 nm. A novel system using optical delay lines was used to extend these pulses to variable widths between 7.5 and 400 ns. At each pulse width, the beam was focused onto the surface of a commercially available fused silica flat and the breakdown fluence was determined. The breakdown fluence threshold was found to scale as the pulse width to the 0.8 power, significantly higher than the 0.5 power reported elsewhere for similar cases. Experiments were also performed on 200 jim core fused silica optical fibers and the results Obtained were consistent with a 0.8 power scaling law. This strong scaling law led to a dramatic increase in the amount of 355 nm light that could be transmitted through 200 p.m core fibers - from 1-2 mJ at 7.5 ns up to over 30 mJ at 400 ns. An experiment was also performed to probe the recovery time of fused silica (the time separation between pulses such that their effects are independent). This time was determined to be less than 25 ns.
On the sensitivity of the ESPRIT algorithm to non-identical subarrays

ESPRIT (estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques) is a recently introduced algorithm for narrowband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Its principal advantage is that the DOA parameter estimates are obtained directly, without knowledge (and hence storage) of the array manifold and without computation or search of some spectral measure. This advantage is achieved by constraining the sensor array to be composed of two identical, translationally invariant subarrays. In this paper, we analyse the sensitivity of ESPRIT to the assumption that the subarrays are identical. The analysis is applicable to a wide variety of array errors, including non-identical angle-dependent and angle-independent gain and phase perturbations, errors in the locations of the subarray elements, and mutual coupling effects. A representative simulation example will be presented to validate the analysis and compare the performance degradation of ESPRIT with that of the MUSIC algorithm.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tropanes by Rhodium(II) Carboxylate-Catalyzed Decomposition of Vinyldiazomethanes in the Presence of Pyrroles

A series of enantiomerically enriched tropanes was synthesized by the rhodium(II) octanoate-catalyzed reaction of various N-BOC-protected pyrroles with vinyldiazomethanes. The overall 3 + 4 annulation occurs by a tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement. Asymmetric induction was best achieved in these transformations by using either (S)-lactate or (R)-pantolactone as a chiral auxiliary on the vinyldiazomethanes. Reactions carried out with the chiral catalyst tetrakis[N-(4-tert-butylbenzenesulfonyl)-(L)-prolinato]dirhodium (2) provided moderate asymmetric induction, but also resulted in the formation of isomeric azabicyclooctane side products. The utility of the synthetic process was demonstrated through the asymmetric synthesis of (−)-anhydroecgonine methyl ester and (−)-ferruginine.
An integrated approach for addressing geographic uncertainty in spatial optimization

There exist many facets of error and uncertainty in digital spatial information. As error or uncertainty will not likely ever be completely eliminated, a better understanding of its impacts is necessary. Spatial analytical approaches, in particular, must somehow address data-quality issues. This can range from evaluating impacts of potential data uncertainty in planning processes that make use of methods to devising methods that explicitly account for error/uncertainty. To date, little has been done to structure methods accounting for error. This article develops an integrated approach to address data uncertainty in spatial optimization. We demonstrate that it is possible to characterize uncertainty impacts by constructing and solving a new multi-objective model that explicitly incorporates facets of data uncertainty. Empirical findings indicate that the proposed approaches can be applied to evaluate the impacts of data uncertainty with statistical confidence, which moves beyond popular practices of simulating errors in data.
Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT)

The determinant share of cities in global primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions highlights the importance of dissemination and development of reliable urban planning and policy tools. To reach sustainable urban development, having a comprehensive understanding of the concept of urban metabolism is critical. This work is the first step toward the development of an Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT) that seeks to consider all three social, economic and environmental capitals of an urban region in a multidisciplinary context. This tool is intended to provide a quantitative approach to assessing the sustainability indicators in a city. A literature review on the urban metabolism and urban-scale simulation tools is carried out to highlight the achievements as well as scientific gaps in the existing research, and to determine the objectives and functionalities that are expected from IUMAT.
Transferring Technology to the Small Manufacturing Firm: A Study of Technology Transfer in Three Countries

Abstract Case histories were compiled of 100 instances of technological change in 102 manufacturing companies in eight industries in Ireland, Spain and Mexico. The cases are analyzed for the source of initial ideas and for sources of technology employed in resolving major problems. Technology is found to flow principally through informal channels within industries. Very little information was obtained from the formal mechanisms or institutions normally considered central to the technology transfer process. Foreign subsidiaries obtain the greatest proportion of their technology from their parent firms. Surprisingly, they are found to have several channels of technology blocked to them, which are more readily available to domestic firms. Domestic firms, in many ways have easier access to foreign technology than do the subsidiaries of multinational firms. Product and process innovations originate in somewhat different quarters. Process innovations are slightly more likely to be based on foreign technology; product innovations are more likely to be based on domestic technology. The results reported in the present paper are very similar in many ways to results reported previously in Brazil and Australia.
A 5-GS/s 46-dBc SFDR track and hold amplifier

This paper demonstrated a 5GSample/s track and hold amplifier with 65nm CMOS process. For 6bit ADC application, this work has over 42dBc of SFDR to offer a low distorted signal. The source-degenerated source-couple amplifier with peaking inductance is employed to expand the signal swing and bandwidth, while the power dissipation is maintained as low as possible. The measured power dissipation is 48.8mW at 1.2V of supply voltage.
Coping with pain

Geissen Robinson, and Riley present a stimulating conceptual model of coping with chronic pain in which the authors argue that maladaptive beliefs and coping are primary determinants of adjustment and influence adaptive beliefs and coping through their influence on perceptions of control. We discuss some aspects of the model that require further refinement. First, the assessments of beliefs, appraisals, and coping need to be independent of outcome, obviating the use of “adaptive” and “maladaptive” in conceptual models. Unqualified statements about the universal adaptiveness, or maladaptiveness, of appraisal and coping strategies are likely to be unusual, since some strategies may result in higher emotional adjustment but not physical adjustment or vice versa. Second, beliefs, appraisals, and coping are distinct conceptual dimensions. Conceptual models that delineate relevant dimensions of these constructs rather than unify these partially independent constructs will likely have greater utility. Third, broadening the conceptualization of pain appraisal to include the individual's interpretation of the meaning of the pain is likely to provide expanded understanding of the pain coping process. Fourth, factors active in the individual's environment, particularly social relationships, need to be integrated into any comprehensive model of coping with chronic pain. And fifth, the bidirectional relationships between beliefs, appraisals, and coping need to be integrated into conceptual models. These processes are interrelated and feed back to one another as the individual struggles to cope with the challenges and threat posed by pain. The inherent complexity of coping with pain requires conceptualizations that address its transactional nature and methodologies that capture this dynamic process. Our comments direct future investigators to address when coping works, in what way it works, and for whom it works.
On differentiability of cost functions

Abstract It was shown by T. Saijo that, under the assumption of strict monotonicity of the production function, differentiability of the cost function in prices is equivalent to strict quasiconcavity of the production function. In this paper we merely assume that the production function is nondecreasing thus weakening Saijo's maintained hypothesis. Differentiability of the cost function is characterized in terms of properties of efficient subsets of inputs. The result is then extended to characterize continuous differentiability and to the case of multi-output technologies.
Eimeria tenella: inhibition of development in cell culture by serum from chickens fed anticoccidial drugs.

Sera from chickens fed commercially available anticoccidial drugs were added to cultures of chick kidney cells at the rate of 1.5–10% of the culture medium at the time of inoculation with sporozoites of Eimeria tenella. Inhibitory activity was detected in sera from birds fed decoquinate (15–60 ppm) and robenidine (60 ppm) added at the rate of 5–10% of the culture medium. Sera from birds fed clopidol (125 ppm) or monensin (121 ppm) did not inhibit formation of second generation schizonts. Withdrawal of decoquinate medication from chickens was accompanied by a loss of activity in serum within 48 h. Reduction in robenidine concentration from 60 to 30 ppm in feed was also accompanied by loss of activity in serum. Sera from non-medicated chickens had no inhibitory effects; they were comparable to fetal calf sera in supporting parasite development.
Focal epithelial hyperplasia in rabbit oral mucosa.

. Several papules on the floor of the mouth and the ventral surface of the tongue of a zinc-deficient rabbit were studied by light and electron microscopy. These papules appeared to be consistent with focal epithelial hyperplasia of man and chimpanzee. There was a concurrence of cytoplasmic vacuolization with the appearance of viral particles within the nucleus. Intranuclear crystalline viral aggregates were frequently observed in the upper spinous cells.
The effect of aflatoxin B1 on cytokine mrna and corresponding protein levels in peritoneal macrophages and splenic lymphocytes

Abstract Male CD-1 mice were used to test the in vivo effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the genetic expression of major cytokines produced by macrophages (interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF)) and splenic lymphocytes (IL-2, interferon γ (IFNγ), and IL-3), activated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A), respectively. Animals were treated with 0, 0.03, 0.145 or 0.7 mg AFB1/kg body weight orally every other day for 2 weeks. No significant effects of the toxin on the weights of liver, kidney, spleen, or thymus, or in red blood cell counts were noted, but white blood cell counts were significantly elevated at the low (0.03 mg/kg) dose. Cytokine mRNA levels were measured by Northern blots or cDNA amplification and the secreted protein levels were measured by immunoassay. AFB1 had a marked effect on macrophage-produced cytokines. The mRNA levels increased significantly at the low (IL-lα) or medium dose (IL-6 and TNF), their corresponding protein levels were generally suppressed. The levels of IL-lα secreted protein were significantly suppressed at all dosages, and those of IL-6 and TNF at the high dose. The low dose of AFB1 slightly decreased both mRNA and protein levels of lymphocytic IL-2, IFNγ, and IL-3, only IL-2 mRNA decreasing significantly (P⩽ 0.05). It appears that AFB1 treatment preferentially affects macrophage functions, and in particular, it decouples the close correlation usually observed between transcriptional and translational controls of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF production by these cells.
Black Race Does Not Independently Predict Adverse Outcome Following Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy at a Tertiary Referral Center

Purpose: There is controversy in the literature as to whether black race is associated with poorer oncological outcomes among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. To address this issue we examined the outcomes of a cohort of black and white men treated by multiple surgeons at our institution.Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 4,962 white and 326 black men treated with anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1988 and 2004 by 10 different surgeons at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, a tertiary care referral center. We evaluated the association between race and adverse pathological features, and biochemical progression.Results: Black men had significantly higher preoperative serum prostate specific antigen (mean 7.2 vs 6.0 ng/ml, p <0.001), body mass index (median 27.4 vs 26.3 kg/m2, p <0.001) and incidence of higher grade disease (Gleason sum 4 + 3 or greater) on prostate biopsy (17% vs 14%, p = 0.011). After adjustment for multiple clin...
Chloride and calcium ions separte L-glutamate receptor populations in synaptic membranes

Abstract Cl−/Ca2+-dependent and Cl−/Ca2+-independent L-[3H] glutamate binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes showed marked differences in their pharmacological properties. One site resembled L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-APB)-sensitive receptors and the other N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Inhibition studied demonstrated that L-aspartate was more potent at Cl−/Ca2+-independent than at Cl−/Ca2+-dependent sites although L-glutamate was of similar potency at both sites; the D-isomers of aspartate, glutamate and α-aminoadipate exhibited the opposite trend. Quisqualate and ibotenate showed high and low affinity inhibition components in the presence of Cl− and Ca2+, and only low affinity inhibition at Cl−/Ca2+-independent sites. For a series of α-amino-ω-phosphono carboxylic acids (propionate-heptanoate), peaks of inhibitory activity in the presence of Cl− and Ca2+ were shifted to 1-carbon shorter homologues than in the absence of these ions. These data indicate that the ionic environment is of critical importance for the activity of different physiological receptor populations in vitro.
The interaction of shock waves with fluid interfaces

Enhanced resolution for the computation of the interaction of shock waves with fluid interfaces is achieved through a detailed mathematical analysis of 2-dimensional wave interactions produced during the collision of the waves. This computation is carried to late times, which are characterized by interface instability and chaotic mixing processes. Algorithms for incorporating the wave interaction analysis and the resulting bifurcation of front topology give an important extension of the front tracking method and are presented here. The mathematical analysis shows that the customary theory for oblique 2-dimensional wave interactions is equivalent to a 1-dimensional Riemann problem for steady (supersonic) flow. This analysis, known for polytropic gases, is extended here to a general equation of state. Moreover, the asymptotic limit of a small incident angle is analyzed to obtain a well-conditioned numerical algorithm. This limit is found to define a 1-dimensional unsteady Riemann problem.
The development of the pillar cells, tunnel space, and Nuel's spaces in the organ of Corti

The tunnel space is developed around the spiral nerve bundle, which runs between the nucleated portions of the inner and outer pillar cells. It is originally an intercellular cleft, the fluid contents of which are elaborated in the vacuolated cyto plasm of the pillar cells and discharged into the adjoining space. Parts of this secreting protoplasm undergo a process of cytolysis or liquefaction, so that the cleft enlarges and the fluid contents increase in quantity at their expense.
Occurrence, viability and significance of resting eggs of the calanoid copepod Labidocera aestiva

Field and laboratory observations on the occurrence and viability of eggs of Labidocera aestiva Wheeler show that eggs of this temperate species which are laid in late fall remain viable on the bottom and hatch in late spring. These eggs thereby provide the means of repopulating temperate areas with this species after its winter disappearance from the plankton.
Maternal Mental Health, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Time Investments in Children.

We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,572) to examine relationships between maternal depression and mothers' time investments with their 5-year-old children in outings, trips to playgrounds or parks, time spent reading with the child, and time spent playing indoors with the child. We also examine whether mothers' self-assessments of neighborhoods are associated with time investments in children. Findings indicate that persistent maternal depression is associated with fewer time investments in all four activities with 5-year-old children. Mothers' fear of children playing outdoors and self-assessments of neighborhood collective efficacy are associated with indoor and outdoor activities with children, but do not mediate the relationships between maternal depression and maternal time investments. In sum, maternal depression and neighborhood context play significant but largely independent roles in regulating mothers' time spent in primary child-care activities.