cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
σ2 Receptors regulate changes in sphingolipid levels in breast tumor cells

Abstract σ 2 Receptors induce apoptosis in various cell types. The sphingolipid, ceramide as well as the sphingoid bases are involved in cell proliferation. Sphingolipids of MCF-7/Adr- and T47D breast tumor cells were metabolically radiolabeled. The σ 2 receptor agonists (+)-1 R ,5 R - E -8-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylmorphan-7-one (CB-184) and 1 S ,2 R -(−)- cis - N -[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]- N -methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexylamine (BD737) caused dose-dependent increases in [ 3 H]ceramide, with concomitant decreases in [ 3 H]sphingomyelin. Both effects were attenuated by the novel σ 2 receptor antagonist, N -phenethylpiperidine oxalate (AC927). σ 2 Receptors may produce effects on cell growth and apoptosis by regulating the sphingolipid pathway.
Some recent developments in SUSY dark matter analyses

A brief summary of some of the recent developments in the analyses of supersymmetric dark matter is given.
Utilization of ensiled corn crop residues by Holstein heifers.

Abstract Corn crop residues were harvested 1 to 2 d after harvest of high moisture corn. Half the harvested residues were treated with an aqueous solution of ammonia before ensiling to give 34g of ammonia/kg of residue DM. The untreated half was the control silage. Both silages were ensiled in bunker silos. More residues were harvested 2.5 wk later from the same field and combined with Brassica napus L. before ensiling in a bag, and this constituted the third forage treatment. Three diets containing 48.8, 46.5, and 63.8% residue silage (DM basis), with the latter containing corn crop residue and brassica in a 3:1 ratio, were designated as control, ammoniated, and brassica, respectively. The other ingredients of the diet were alfalfa silage, cracked corn, and urea. The diets were fed to Holstein heifers averaging 186kg (light BW) and 372kg (heavy BW). Weight gains were similar at 84 d for heifers fed the control and the ammoniated residue diets. Light and heavy heifers gained 619 and 631 g/d with the control diet and 678 and 631 g/d with the ammoniated residue diets. At 70 d, the heavy heifers fed control, ammoniated, and brassica diets had weight gains of 629, 671, and 786 g/d, respectively. Digestion coefficients were similar between the control and ammoniated residue diets: DM (62.6 and 58.7%), NDF (56.7 and 56.2%), and ADF (56.3 and 55.8%). Ammonia treatment of corn crop residue silage had no effect on animal performance or digestibility. Brassica appeared to improve animal performance when it was mixed with corn crop residue silage.
Dimeric Dnm1-G385D Interacts with Mdv1 on Mitochondria and Can Be Stimulated to Assemble into Fission Complexes Containing Mdv1 and Fis1

Interactions between yeast Dnm1p, Mdv1p, and Fis1p are required to form fission complexes that catalyze division of the mitochondrial compartment. During the formation of mitochondrial fission complexes, the Dnm1p GTPase self-assembles into large multimeric complexes on the outer mitochondrial membrane that are visualized as punctate structures by fluorescent labeling. Although it is clear that Fis1p.Mdv1p complexes on mitochondria are required for the initial recruitment of Dnm1p, it is not clear whether Dnm1p puncta assemble before or after this recruitment step. Here we show that the minimum oligomeric form of cytoplasmic Dnm1p is a dimer. The middle domain mutant protein Dnm1G385Dp forms dimers in vivo but fails to assemble into punctate structures. However, this dimeric mutant stably interacts with Mdv1p on the outer mitochondrial membrane, demonstrating that assembly of stable Dnm1p multimers is not required for Dnm1p-Mdv1p association or for mitochondrial recruitment of Dnm1p. Dnm1G385Dp is reported to be a terminal dimer in vitro. We describe conditions that allow assembly of Dnm1G385Dp into functional fission complexes on mitochondria in vivo. Using these conditions, we demonstrate that multimerization of Dnm1p is required to promote reorganization of Mdv1p from a uniform mitochondrial localization into punctate fission complexes. Our studies also reveal that Fis1p is present in these assembled fission complexes. Based on our results, we propose that Dnm1p dimers are initially recruited to the membrane via interaction with Mdv1p.Fis1p complexes. These dimers then assemble into multimers that subsequently promote the reorganization of Mdv1p into punctate fission complexes.
Spinal NMDA receptor activation constrains inactivity-induced phrenic motor facilitation in Charles River Sprague-Dawley rats

Reduced spinal synaptic inputs to phrenic motor neurons elicit a unique form of spinal plasticity known as inactivity-induced phrenic motor facilitation (iPMF). iPMF requires tumor necrosis factor-...
CON EL ECO DE LOS BARRILES: RACE, GENDER AND THE BOMBA IMAGINARY IN PUERTO RICO 1

Although bomba remains a largely understudied musical genre, the majority of studies on bomba have focused on the historicizing or anthropological detailing of bomba as an Afro-Puerto Rican musical tradition. Recognizing the importance of these initial studies, this article critically interrogates the gendered dimensions of bomba dancing as well as the historical and structural implications imbued within colonial and racialized contexts. In short, the gendered division of cultural labor in bomba has received notable recognition, whereas bomba as a racialized and “gendered experience/expression” has not been sufficiently explored. The performers mentioned in this study include two youth bands as well as audience members from the San Juan metropolitan area (between the ages of 18 and 30) who participated in an ethnographic study during the summer of 2002. Based on this fieldwork and data, this presentation uses the historically “situated imaginaries” of these youth performers as means to understand the ways...
The Synaptonemal complex component C(2)M regulates meiotic crossing over in Drosophila.

Abstract Background: The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that forms between homologously paired meiotic chromosomes. Previous studies have suggested that the SC is required for meiotic crossing over in Drosophila . However, only one component of this structure, C(3)G, has been identified in Drosophila . Results: Mutations in c(2)M cause a reduced frequency of meiotic crossing over due, in part, to how recombination events are resolved. Cytological evidence suggests that C(2)M is a component of the SC and is required for the assembly of C(3)G (a putative transverse filament of the SC) along the chromosomes. Additionally, C(2)M localizes along the chromosomes in the absence of C(3)G. Despite having a defect in C(3)G localization, c(2)M mutants unexpectedly affect crossing over less severely than a c(3)G mutant. There is virtually no crossing over in a c(3)G mutant, but c(2)M or c(2)M; c(3)G double mutants produce a substantial number of crossovers. The appearance of C(3)G-independent crossovers in c(2)M mutants suggests that C(2)M prevents recombination in the absence of complete SC formation. Conclusions: We have identified a new Drosophila SC component, C(2)M, that promotes the formation of crossovers. Furthermore, the appearance of C(3)G-independent crossovers in c(2)M mutants suggests a novel role in preventing recombination in the absence of complete SC.
A Neurotic Inventory

Resume Cet inventaire de personnalite se compose d'une liste de 225 questions, prises pour la plupart dans les plus courtes listes d'autres auteurs, y compris Woodworth, Hause, Laird, et Allport. Le sujet repond a chaque question en marquant une des trois reponses “oui,” “non,” ou “?.” Le but est d'obtenir une indication d'un mauvais ajustement emotionnel. L'analyse statistique des questions montre un měme trait dans toutes les questions de sorte que l'evaluation se trouve constante. La constance de cette evaluation determinee chez un groupe de 700 etudiants universitaires est de 0, 95. On a trouve que les femmes ont repondu en moyenne a plus de questions d'une maniere nevrosique que les hommes; que les etudiants faisant partie des clubs et des fraternites donnent en moyenne peu de reponses montrant un mauvais ajustement; et qu'il n'y aura nulle difference significative a cet egard entre les juifs et les gentils. L'evaluation de cette liste donne une correlation de zero avec l'intelligence. Il semble qu'i...
Quantification of damage to suspended insect cells as a result of bubble rupture

It is proposed that when cells are either attached to, or very near, a rupturing bubble, the hydrodynamic forces associated with the rupture are sufficient to kill the cells. Four types of experiments were conducted to quantify the number and location of these killed cells. We determined: (1) the number of cells killed as a result of a single, 3.5-mm bubble rupture; (2) the number and viability of cells in the upward jet that results when a bubble ruptures; (3) the number of cells on the bubble film; and (4) the fate of cells attached to the bubble film after film rupture. All experiments were conducted with Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-9) insect cells, in TNM-FH and SFML medium, with and without Pluronic F-68. Experiments indicate that approximately 1050 cells are killed per single, 3.5-mm bubble rupture in TNM-FH medium and approximately the same number of dead cells are present in the upward jet. It was also observed that the concentration of cells in this upward jet is higher than the cell suspension in TNM-FH medium without Pluronic F-68 by a factor of two. It is believed that this higher concentration is the result of cells adhering to the bubble interface. These cells are swept up into the upward jet during the bubble rupture process. Finally, it is suggested that a thin layer around the bubble containing these absorbed cells is the "hypothetical killing volume" presented by other researchers. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interorganizational Influences on Mental Health Diagnoses A Macro-Level Study of Labeling Processes

In this study, it is hypothesized that mental health diagnoses are influenced by power relations and value conflicts between community mental health centers and the organizations in their catchment areas. A case study of a community mental health center in a large western city provides evidence to confirm this hypothesis. However, these macro-level influences on the diagnostic process are found to be reduced substantially when clients possess other personal status resources.
Generalized gauge fields

Abstract Higher rank Lorentz tensors with mixed spacetime index permutation symmetry are shown to be gauge fields. Theoretical applications involving such fields are proposed.
Counselors' reflections on the administration of screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems in the emergency department and 3-month follow-up outcome.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this paper was to explore how events that counselors endorsed occurring during an emergency department–based screening and brief intervention (SBI) for drinking discriminate patients who reported change in Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) domains at follow-up from those who did not. Method Patients who scored ">5" on the AUDIT were eligible for SBI. At the end of each intervention, counselors completed the questionnaire indicating which parts of the intervention they just used. Results Discriminant function analyses indicated that "Referral made" discriminated for alcohol intake change (Wilks' λ = 0.993, P λ = 0.940 and Wilks' λ = 0.919, P λ = 0.984, P Conclusions Making referrals to addiction treatment during motivational intervention discriminated for alcohol intake and dependency change. Working on intention to quit is an important point in changing alcohol-related harm. When conducting the SBI in ED, counselors may be mindful in making appropriate referrals to address alcohol use and examine intention to quit to maximize the efficacy of the harm-reduction approach.
Isospin effects in 96Zr(p,d)95Zr, 96Zr(p,p')96Zr and 96Zr(p,p)96Zr☆

Abstract Excitation functions for 96Zr(p,d)95Zr(g.s.), 96Zr(p,p0)96Zr and 96Zr(p,p′)96Zr have been taken near the 96Zr(p,n)96Nb threshold of the excited state which is the analogue of 96Zr(g.s.). All channels exhibit fluctuations. In addition the (p,d) reaction shows a broad anomaly. The fluctuations may be analogues of unbound neutron p-states which produce the anomaly.
The effect of diet complexity and physical form on the performance of starter pigs and feed processing efficiency

Abstract In two trials, involving 330 crossbred pigs (five pigs/pen in Trial I; six pigs/pen in Trial II; five pens/treatment in both trials; duration of trials, 4 and 5 weeks, respectively) averaging 5.5 kg, a 2 × 3 factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of starter diet complexity and physical form on average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (F/G) of pigs and on cost of gain (CG). A sorghum—soya bean meal diet (simple) was compared with one containing 3% tallow and 5% dried whey (complex). Sorghum was ground through a 3.2-mm hammermill screen and diets were processed into three forms: meal (M), pellet (P), and crumble (C). Pellets were made with a 4.4-mm die and crumbles were processed through a roller opening of 3.8 mm. The complex starter diet did not improve performance but did increase cost of gain ( P P P −1 ) and power efficiency (kwh kg −1 ). These results suggest that starter pigs will perform similarly and the CG will be less on a simple diet in meal form than on a diet containing 3% tallow and 5% dried whey in pellets or crumbles.
A FACTORIAL VALIDITY STUDY OF THE SOCIAL ORIENTATION INVENTORY

Summary.-The factor analysis of the 28-item, self-report measure of social power motivation gave three interpretable factors. Factor 1, organizational leadership, is based on high loadings for managerial functions in organizations. Factor 2, recognition without achievement, has high positive loadings for highly visible positions one may hold. Factor 3, individual dominance, is characterized by high loadings on questions indicating personal dominance over others. Western civilization is characterized by quesr for power. One method of gaining insight on power behaviors in society is to study the power motivation of individuals (Winter & Stewart, 1978). McClelland (1970) categorizes high power motivation with low inhibition as personal power and high power motivation with hgh inhibition as social power motivation. Although not completely independent of personal power, social power motivation is the disposition towards behaviors that are intended to influence others (Veroff, 1957). Social power motivation is more altruistic and serviceoriented than is personal power motivation, the latter being characterized by representations of personal prestige and lack of self-control (McClelland & Burnham, 1976). The Social Orientation Inventory is one of the few instruments designed to measure social power motivation (Good & Good, 1972). The lack of instruments may be due to the difficulty in differentiating motivational constructs and in distinguishing the elements of social power motivation (Golden & Royal, 1982). The Social Orientation Inventory is a 28-item measure based on a definition of social power motivation as a fusion of Murray's (1938) achievement, dominance, and social-recognition needs (Good & Good, 1972). The present report describes a factor analysis of responses to the items on the Social Orientation Inventory for the purpose of empirically isolating the dimensions of the items on the instrument. Factor analysis allows assessment of the internal nature and the interrelations among scores (Bieber & Smith, 1986). Isolating the dimensions contributes to our understanding of the conceptual base of social power motivation by yielding information that may better define the elements of socialized power. Also, confidence in the Social Orientation Inventory as a measure of social power motivation would be increased with empirical evidence isolating the elements within the test. 'Address corres ondence to Wayne L. Lanning, Ed.D., now at Counseling & Educational Psychology, coIfege of Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154.
Considerations on the Simultaneous Behavior of the Resonance Fluorescence and Ionization Signals Versus Laser Intensity in Flames

By the use of a rate equation approach and a disregard for recombination between ions and electrons, the variation of fluorescence and ionization signals as a function of laser intensity is given. Plots of ion and photon yields vs. laser intensity for various values of important parameters are given and are discussed with respect to the significance of collisional ionization and photoionization.
Metal-coated colloidal particles

Procedures are described for coating of submicrometre ceramic powders with copper and nickel. The process required precoating of the core particles with a palladium catalyst. A precoating procedure was developed in which palladium chloride is reduced by sodium hypophosphite or stannous chloride on the powder surface in aqueous suspensions. Commercial electroless solutions were used to deposit copper and nickel on the catalysed powders. The effect of various experimental parameters on the effectiveness of the surface conditioning of the particles was also investigated.
Nitrogen fixation and respiration by root nodules of Alnus rubra Bong.: Effects of temperature and oxygen concentration*

Using a root nodule cuvette and a continuous flow gas exchange system, we simultaneously measured the rates of carbon dioxide evolution, oxygen uptake and acetylene reduction by nodules of Alnus rubra. This system allowed us to measure the respiration rates of single nodules and to determine the effects of oxygen concentration and temperature on the energy cost of nitrogen fixation. Energy cost was virtually unchanged (2.8–3.5 moles of carbon dioxide or oxygen per mole of ethylene) from 16 to 26°C (pO2 = 20 kPa) while respiration and nitrogenase activity were highly temperature dependent. At temperatures below 16°C, nitrogenase activity decreased more than did respiration and as a result, energy cost rose sharply. Acetylene reduction ceased below 8°C. Inhibition of nitrogenase activity at low temperatures was rapidly reversed upon return to higher temperatures. At high temperatures (above 30°C) nitrogenase activity declined irreversibly, while respiration and energy cost increased.
Analysis of interactions of salmonella type three secretion mutants with 3-D intestinal epithelial cells

The prevailing paradigm of Salmonella enteropathogenesis based on monolayers asserts that Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 Type Three Secretion System (SPI-1 T3SS) is required for bacterial invasion into intestinal epithelium. However, little is known about the role of SPI-1 in mediating gastrointestinal disease in humans. Recently, SPI-1 deficient nontyphoidal Salmonella strains were isolated from infected humans and animals, indicating that SPI-1 is not required to cause enteropathogenesis and demonstrating the need for more in vivo-like models. Here, we utilized a previously characterized 3-D organotypic model of human intestinal epithelium to elucidate the role of all characterized Salmonella enterica T3SSs. Similar to in vivo reports, the Salmonella SPI-1 T3SS was not required to invade 3-D intestinal cells. Additionally, Salmonella strains carrying single (SPI-1 or SPI-2), double (SPI-1/2) and complete T3SS knockout (SPI-1/SPI-2: flhDC) also invaded 3-D intestinal cells to wildtype levels. Invasion of wildtype and TTSS mutants was a Salmonella active process, whereas non-invasive bacterial strains, bacterial size beads, and heat-killed Salmonella did not invade 3-D cells. Wildtype and T3SS mutants did not preferentially target different cell types identified within the 3-D intestinal aggregates, including M-cells/M-like cells, enterocytes, or Paneth cells. Moreover, each T3SS was necessary for substantial intracellular bacterial replication within 3-D cells. Collectively, these results indicate that T3SSs are dispensable for Salmonella invasion into highly differentiated 3-D models of human intestinal epithelial cells, but are required for intracellular bacterial growth, paralleling in vivo infection observations and demonstrating the utility of these models in predicting in vivo-like pathogenic mechanisms.
IMPORTANCE OF ANALYTICALLY VERIFYING CHEMICAL TREATMENTS

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide is considered a low regμLatory priority compound by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is used to control fungal infections on fish eggs. We studied the treatment profiles of hydrogen peroxide in Heath, McDonald egg jar, and Clark–Williamson incubators during treatments intended to deliver an effective regimen of at least 500 μL hydrogen peroxide/L (i.e., treatments of 500 and 1,000 μL/L) for 15 min. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the influent water in both Heath and Clark–Williamson incubators. The top treatment tray (tray 2) of the Heath incubator received more than 90% of the intended regimen during the 500 μL/L treatment, whereas at 1,000 μL/L, all trays had hydrogen peroxide concentrations at or above 500 μL/L for 15 min. None of the compartments in the Clark–Williamson incubator received the intended therapeutic regimen when treated at 500 μL/L. The McDonald egg jar system distributed the intended concentration for the desig...
Two New Carbonate Stable‐Isotope Standards

Two new carbonate isotope standards have been prepared for distribution by the IAEA and NBS. The first, TS limestone, NBS #19, will substitute for PDB, while the second carbonate, NBS #18 is depleted in 18O and 13C compared to the first.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Is an Essential and Direct Transcriptional Activator for Interferon γ-induced RANTES/CCl5 Expression in Macrophages

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is an important transcription factor in interferon γ (IFNγ)-mediated signaling in the development and function of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted; CCL5) is a member of the CC chemokine family of proteins, which is strongly chemoattractant for several important immune cell types in host defense against infectious agents and cancer. However, the role of IFNγ and IRF-1 in the regulation of RANTES gene expression and their operative mechanisms in macrophages have not been established. We report here that RANTES expression in IRF-1-null mice, primarily in macrophages, in response to carcinogenic stimulation in vivo and in vitro and to IFNγ but not to lipopolysaccharide in vitro, was markedly decreased. As a result, RANTES-mediated chemoattraction of CCR5+ target cells was also severely impaired. Adenovirus-mediated gene transduction of IRF-1 in primary macrophages resulted in enhanced RANTES expression. The IFNγ and IRF1 response element was localized to a TTTTC motif at –147 to –143 of the mouse RANTES promoter, to which endogenous or recombinant IRF-1 can physically bind in vitro and in vivo. This study uncovers a novel IFNγ-induced pathway in RANTES expression mediated by IRF-1 in macrophages and elucidates an important host defense mechanism against neoplastic transformation.
Multivariate-Spline and Scale-Specific Solution for Variational Analyses

A recipe for a cubic B-spline-based solution for multivariate variational formulation of a data analysis and assimilation problem is provided. To represent a signal whose smallest wavelength is L, the spline scale must be at most L/2, or approximately the Nyquist wavelength. This spline scale defines the computational grid, which tends to be coarser than the typical grid required for finite-difference discretization and hence offers a significant advantage in computational efficiency. The geostrophy‐thin-plate model is introduced and applied to a set of analysis problems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution technique.
Primal-Dual Interior-Point Method for an Optimization Problem Related to the Modeling of Atmospheric Organic Aerosols

A mathematical model for the computation of the phase equilibrium related to atmospheric organic aerosols is presented. The phase equilibrium is given by the global minimum of the Gibbs free energy for a system that involves water and organic components. This minimization problem is equivalent to the determination of the convex hull of the corresponding molar Gibbs free energy function. A geometrical notion of phase simplex related to the convex hull is introduced to characterize mathematically the phases at equilibrium. A primal-dual interior-point algorithm for the efficient solution of the phase equilibrium problem is presented. A novel initialization of the algorithm, based on the properties of the phase simplex, is proposed to ensure the convergence to a global minimum of the Gibbs free energy. For a finite termination of the interior-point method, an active phase identification procedure is incorporated. Numerical results show the robustness and efficiency of the approach for the prediction of liquid-liquid equilibrium in multicomponent mixtures.
Representational Constraints on Children's Suggestibility

In a multistage experiment, twelve 4- and 9-year-old children participated in a triad rating task. Their ratings were mapped with multidimensional scaling, from which euclidean distances were computed to operation-alize semantic distance between items in target pairs. These children and age-mates then participated in an experiment that employed these target pairs in a story, which was followed by a misinformation manipulation. Analyses linked individual and developmental differences in suggestibility to children's representations of the target items. Semantic proximity was a strong predictor of differences in suggestibility: The closer a suggested distractor was to the original item's representation, the greater was the distractor's suggestive influence. The triad participants' semantic proximity subsequently served as the basis for correctly predicting memory performance in the larger group. Semantic proximity enabled a priori counterintuitive predictions of reverse age-related trends to be confirmed whe...
Pathogenesis and Prevention of Recurrent Infection After Haemophilus influenzae Bacteremia

Recurrence of disease after Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia is relatively uncommon and may often be preventable. Three previously unreported and 11 reported occurrences in ten patients were evaluated in regard to pathogenesis. Recrudescence can be prevented by adequate culturing prior to therapy, proper treatment based on complete sensitivity testing and pharmacologic prin ciples, and careful evaluation of clinical and microbiologic response. Relapse may be prevented in some instances by administering prophylactic rifampin to patients and close contacts who may be carriers of an infecting strain. Reinfections may be prevented through public health measures and the development of effective vaccines.
Power dissipation requirements of a vertically polarized linear array fed by isolated baluns as calculated from TE/sub mo/ waveguide simulator measurements

Power dissipation calculations for an infinite array of vertically polarized notch elements from the measurement of a 16-element-pair waveguide simulator are presented. Characterization of the element-pair unit cell results in an asymmetrical, unbalanced active scattering matrix. Concatenation of this scattering matrix with the power divider in the even-odd mode representation allows the power fraction to be calculated at a given scan angle and frequency. Characterization of the 16-element-pair simulator was performed for 256 discrete frequencies, from 4 to 18 GHz. >
Wide-band low-loss MEMS packaging technology

This paper presents a wafer scale low-loss and broad-band RF MEMS packaging technology developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The fabrication includes CMOS compatible front-end processing and thick Au backend processing. Au thermo-compression bonding is used to mate a metal coated capping wafer to a device wafer, offering high-isolation and low-loss transmission lines within the cavity. Hermetic thru-wafer vias carry the RF signal in and out of the package through the 25 /spl mu/m-thick device wafer. We demonstrate a packaged 100 /spl mu/m-long transmission line with 0.06 dB and 0.1 dB total insertion loss at 20 GHz and 50 GHz, respectively. The packaged transmission line has 0.96 dB/cm attenuation at 40 GHz and less than /spl plusmn/ 1 degree phase error from DC to 50 GHz for a 10.8 mm-long line. The isolation of closely spaced lines is also presented. Hermeticity is evaluated with in-situ moisture sensors after exposure to an autoclave environment for 4 hours.
Incorporating evidence into trust propagation models using Markov Random Fields

Current trust models for social networks commonly rely on explicit voting mechanisms where individuals vote for each other as a form of trust statement. However, there is a wealth of information about individuals beyond trust voting in emerging web based social networks. Incorporating sources of evidence into trust models for social networks has not been studied to date. We explore a trust model for social networks based on Markov Random Fields, which we call MRFTrust, that allows us to incorporate sources of evidence. To allow comparative evaluation, a state-of-the-art local trust algorithm—MoleTrust—is also investigated. Experimental results of the algorithms reveal that our trust algorithm that incorporates evidence performs better in terms of coverage. It is competitive with the MoleTrust algorithm in prediction accuracy and superior when focusing on controversial users.
Experimental and Theoretical Host–Guest Photochemistry; Control of Reactivity with Host Variation and Theoretical Treatment With a Stress Shaped Reaction Cavity; Mechanistic and Exploratory Organic Photochemistry 1,2

Abstract In our previous studies prediction of the course of photochemical reactions in crystalline media was accomplished using molecular mechanics with imbedded quantum mechanically generated transition structures. However, there was a need for subsequent geometry optimization of the transition structure within the surrounding ‘mini-crystal lattice’. One new approach was devised in which the molecules surrounding the transition structure were replaced by a rigid shell of inert gas atoms with subsequent ab initio geometry optimization of the imbedded transition structure. The present study aimed at providing a more realistic environment surrounding the reacting species. This made use of the recently developed Oniom computations of Gaussian98 which permit ab initio computations on the reacting species while performing molecular mechanical computations on the surrounding molecules. Included was determination of the effect of reaction cavity size. A new analysis, ‘Pairs’, was developed giving the specific important interactions of atom pairs in a large system. Additionally, the present study extended our solid-state photochemistry to inclusion compounds. This study was both experimental and theoretical. Experimentally, five host–guest inclusion compounds having 4-p-cyanophenyl-4-phenylcyclohexenone as the guest were prepared and studied. Three afforded photoproduct resulting from cyanophenyl migration paralleling the regiochemistry in solution; however, the minor products of the solution chemistry were lacking. Strikingly, a fourth inclusion compound gave mainly phenyl migration. The fifth inclusion compound led to 1:1 phenyl versus cyanophenyl migration. The chiral hosts permitted synthesis of enantiomerically pure photoproducts. The Oniom computations required modification but properly predicted migratory behavior in accord with the experimental observations. Several theoretical conclusions in the present study were: (a) the effect of cavity size; (b) the role of crystal relaxation and long range stress effects; (c) the reliability of least motion in predicting reactivity.
Consistency of short-term and long-term expectations

Abstract This paper provides an alternative derivation of the cross-equation restrictions obtained by Froot and Ito in this issue, for the purpose of testing the consistency of short-term and long-term expectations. The derivation offered here is more generally applicable and yields restrictions that are much simpler to deal with in practice.
Tarsal dislocation following total calcanectomy for chronic osteomyelitis in an insensate foot: a case report

Abstract Partial or total calcanectomy is an accepted treatment for chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis or recalcitrant heel ulcers. This is a report of a dorsal dislocation of the talonavicular joint following a total calcanectomy for chronic osteomyelitis in a diabetic patient with an insensate foot.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in critically ill nontrauma surgical patients who cannot receive chemical prophylaxis

Abstract Background We sought to identify independent predictors of venous thromboembolism in critically ill general surgery patients who cannot receive chemical prophylaxis in order to identify those who may benefit from aggressive screening and/or prophylactic inferior vena cava filter placement. Methods Nontrauma patients in the surgical intensive care unit were prospectively followed for 2 years. Patients who had contraindications to prophylactic anticoagulation and received routine screening duplex examinations were included. Data regarding lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (PE) rates, past medical history (PMH), surgeries, and transfusions were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis or PE (venous thromboembolism) with a P Results Data were complete for 204 patients. Twenty (9.8%) patients developed venous thromboembolism. Independent predictors of venous thromboembolism included postoperative blood product requirements (odds ratio=1.04 per unit), a PMH of PE (OR = 10.1), and a PMH of renal insufficiency (odds ratio=5.1). Conclusions Aggressive screening and/or prophylactic inferior vena cava filter may be considered when prophylactic anticoagulation is prohibited in patients with increased postoperative transfusion requirements or a PMH of either PE or renal insufficiency.
A bound on mean-square estimation error with background parameter mismatch

In typical parameter estimation problems, the signal observation is a function of the parameter set to be estimated as well as some background (environmental/system) parameters assumed known. The assumed background could differ from the true one, leading to biased estimates even at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To analyze this background mismatch problem, a Ziv-Zakai-type lower bound on the mean-square error (MSE) is developed based on the mismatched likelihood ratio test (MLRT). At high SNR, the bound incorporates the increase in MSE due to estimation bias; at low SNR, it includes the threshold effect due to estimation ambiguity. The kernel of the bound's evaluation is the error probability associated with the MLRT. A closed-form expression for this error probability is derived under a random signal model typical of the bearing estimation/passive source localization problem. The mismatch is then analyzed in terms of the related ambiguity functions. Examples of bearing estimation with system (array shape) mismatch demonstrate that the developed bound describes the simulations of the maximum-likelihood estimate well, including the sidelobe-introduced threshold behavior and the bias at high SNR.
Cracking susceptibility of concrete made with coarse recycled concrete aggregates

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that concrete produced with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has increased cracking resistance compared to concrete incorporating natural aggregates. Two sources of RCA were used: (1) a laboratory created RCA produced by crushing previously produced laboratory concrete; and (2) a field RCA obtained from a demolished airfield pavement. Mechanical properties, and shrinkage and cracking due to drying of concrete produced with RCA replacement were studied. Adequate compressive strength (39.3–43.4 MPa), splitting tensile strength (3.7–4.4 MPa), and modulus of elasticity (27.2–28.3 GPa) were obtained in mixtures including coarse RCA, even at 100% replacement levels. The use of RCA did not significantly increase the drying shrinkage of concrete. It was shown that the use of RCA significantly reduced the cracking risk of concrete from “high” to “moderate-high” when incorporated into a high cracking risk mixture.
Disability Politics and Community at the Accra Rehabilitation Centre

The original building at the entrance to the Accra Rehab Centre dates back to the 1950s when it hosted the Gold Coast Society for the Blind. Under Nkrumah’s watch, the plot of land was appropriated and reassigned as a site for rehabilitation of people with a range of impairments, and by the turn of the century ‘The Centre’ had transformed into a hub of disability-oriented activity. Numerous national organizations now lodge their headquarters at ‘The Centre’ including the Ghana National Association of the Deaf, Ghana Society of the Physically Disabled, Ghana Blind Union, as well as the umbrella group Ghana Federation of the Disabled. On any given day you can observe a steady stream of people moving about the compound engaged in attending self-help meetings, organizing press conferences, conversing in sign language, distributing white canes, or preparing for a wheelchair marathon. This paper will examine the significance of ‘The Centre’ to Ghana’s contemporary disability rights movement. Drawing on ethnographic material gathered over the past few years, the paper will explore how The Centre’s history tracks a shift from a charity and rehabilitation oriented treatment of Ghana’s disabled citizens to rights-based organizing and activism. Despite apparent tensions among its occupants (e.g., who controls regulation of resources and space; who holds responsibility for upkeep and renovation), the paper will demonstrate that The Centre is vital to political organizing and community support among Accra citizens living with disability.
Biological Sensitivity to Family Income: Differential Effects on Early Executive Functioning

The study examined how the interplay between children's cortisol response and family income is related to executive function (EF) skills. The sample included one hundred and two 5- to 6-year-olds (64% minority). EF skills were measured using laboratory tasks and observer ratings. Physiological reactivity was assessed via cortisol response during a laboratory visit. A consistent, positive association between family income and EF skills emerged only for children who showed high cortisol response, a marker of biological sensitivity to context. In contrast, family income was not related to EF skills in children who displayed low cortisol response. Follow-up analyses revealed a disordinal interaction, suggesting that differential susceptibility can be detected at the level of basic cognitive and self-regulatory skills that support adaptive functioning.
Violence and Families

Over the past decade I have watched he wrote, "Radical feminists who prothis country, which draws freely from with concern as social workers have mote advocacy numbers aim not so much Gordon (1988) and Pleck (1987), illu joined the crusade to privatize violence to solve the problem of sexual assault as strates how history repeats itself. in families. Until the 1970s, the term to change social perceptions of its basic Social workers know well how our "domestic violence" described urban nature" (Gilbert, 1991, p. 65). Gilbert society has responded to child abuse. We riots (Tierney, 1982). Now it describes misses the point. The only way to solve have gone from "child savers" to "fami violence in the home. The change in the problem of violence against oply preservers. "At times we have reached meaning, perhaps unintentional, has pressed people, whether it occurs in the into families to protect the children from paralleled a change in the social work prohome, on the streets, or on pre-Civil War their cruel parents; at other times we fession's concern: We examine violence plantations, is to change social percephave advocated for social reform to in the home and sometimes forget the viotions of its basic nature. change the conditions under which fami lence that families live amid and the vioSexual and physical abuse of children, lies neglect and abuse their children. lence done to them by social institutions, wives, and elders are not new phenomeMost recently, we have moved into I sometimes believe I am out of step na. We do not really know whether there homes to preserve families and prevent with the profession, yearning for my is more or less now than in centuries past, children from being removed. practicum days when social workers What has changed is how we perceive the The history of concern with abused understood the connections between problems. Gordon (1988) noted that women is less well known. Violence social and family pathology and tried to against women threatened the moral change the conditions under which peoFamily violence has been historically and order of Puritan society. Neighbors were pie lived rather than the people thempolitically constructed. . . . The very encouraged to watch over one another selves. Segal's article in this issue gives definition of what constitutes acceptab e an(j rep0rt any serious family violence to , y t . , • domestic violence, and appropriate re., •■ , , ,, • .. me hope that I am not alone in my nossponsestoitj developed and then varied acminister, who would then visit the talgia. She observes, cording to political moods and the force of family, counsel them to mend their certain political movements, (p. 3) errant ways, and PraY with them for The focus of social work practice has shifted God's forgiveness. Puritan intolerance of from the causes of poverty to the sympBattered women's shelters did not wife abuse is reflected by the Massa toms • • • • Many of the social problems of Spring up because there was an upsurge chusetts colony's 1641 Body of Liberties, today—for example, substance abuse, farmin abused women; child protective serwhich assured that "Everie marryed
Molecular dynamics simulations of water sorption in a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane.

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are reported over a wide range of water contents and temperatures to obtain a better understanding of the structural and transport aspects of water sorption in Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, under equilibrium conditions. For the short Nafion chains studied, good agreement is found between the water sorption isotherms from simulations and experiments at intermediate hydration (2 ≲ λ ≲ 7, where λ is the number of water molecules per sulfonate group), suggesting that, in that range, the isotherm is insensitive to effects of polymer chain relaxation. If polymer chain relaxation were important for water sorption at these conditions, then the water uptake of experimental membranes, which contain very long chains, might be far from equilibrium, making it difficult to obtain agreement with equilibrated, short-chain simulations. At λ ≲ 7, strong water–sulfonate interactions, rather than chain relaxation, may control water sorption, despite the fact that chain re...
Predation and Interactions between Coyotes and Feral Horse Foals

Ce n'est que dans des circonstances inhabituelles (jeune cheval malade) que les coyotes capturent avec succes les jeunes chevaux sauvages
Pterococcus, a New Genus of Scale Insects from Malaya (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Lecanodiaspididae)

Systematic studies (Howell and Kosztarab 1972) on adult females of the species of Lecanodiaspis Targioni-Tozzetti (1869) revealed that L. duriana Takahashi (1952) was so different morphologically that it should be treated as a new genus.
Carcinosarcoma of the Renal Pelvis With Extension Into the Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava

Abstract Renal tumors other than renal cell carcinoma rarely may invade the main renal vein and inferior vena cava. A case is reported of carcinosarcoma of the right kidney composed of transitional cell and giant cell elements with invasion into the inferior vena cava. Obstruction of the renal vein should be considered in patients with transitional cell carcinoma and an ipsilateral nonvisualized kidney on excretory urography.
Fournier’s Gangrene: Report of 20 Patients

Synergistic necrotizing fasciitis of the penis and scrotum was described first by Fournier and remains a rare but life-threatening disease. In Fournier's initial description the process was believed to be idiopathic. During the last 10 years we have treated 20 patients with Fournier's gangrene and a definite urologic or colorectal cause could be identified as the source of the infection in 19 (95 per cent). Despite the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive surgical debridement the mortality rate was 45 per cent.
Can friends become patients

The negotiation of boundaries in patient care can be a difficult process in many circumstances. Perhaps the thorniest negotiation is the one alluded to in this case scenario—how does a physician decide if a friend should be accepted as a patient?
Accepted and controversial neuromotor therapies for infants at high risk for cerebral palsy.

A variety of different neuromotor therapies have been applied to infants with cerebral palsy or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The importance of early therapy is based, in part, on the concept of CNS plasticity. This concept is particularly applicable to the developing nervous system. Developmental myelination within the CNS and the formation of dendritic spines during early postnatal life are two changes that contribute to the brain’s early plasticity (Bishop, 1982). Animal research has shown that early postnatal environmental experiences effect both later sensory and motor development (Buller et al, 1960; Hubel and Wieser, 1970; Kelly and Rubinstein, 1980).
Epidemiologic Features of Enterovirus 71-Associated Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease from 2009 to 2013 in Zhejiang, China

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) usually causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) with severe clinical symptoms and even deaths in China. There is no efficient antiviral drug to protect against severe EV71-associated HFMD, making the development of EV71 vaccines therefore a priority. However, the potential target subject population(s) to be immunized with EV71 vaccine are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the epidemiology regarding EV71-associated HFMD on the basis of provincial-level surveillance. We extracted data on EV71-associated HFMD from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in Zhejiang Province, China between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 (n = 7650). The higher incidence rate of EV71 cases occurred in those children aged 12–23 months, with boys being predominant. Interestingly, different peaks activities of EV71 infection was observed in different calendar year, with one peak in 2009 and 2013 and two peaks in 2010–2012. However, EV71 infection seemed to predominately occur in warm season and a distinguished cyclic peak that seemed to be of about 12 months. Children aged 12–23 months are thus identified as an important target population for public health intervention, for example, it is recommended that these key subjects immunized with EV71 vaccine. In addition, an enhanced surveillance system for EV71-associated with HFMD needs to focus on generic and phylogenetic analysis.