cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Situational Coverage and Rate Distribution Maps for 5G V2X Systems Using Ray-Tracing

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is a practical solution to provide high data rate for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. This enables the future autonomous vehicles to exchange big data with the base stations (BSs) such as the velocity, and the location to enhance the safety for the advanced driving assistance system (ADAS). To achieve this goal, we propose to develop a situational rate map to characterize the distribution of the rates achieved between the BSs and a uniform grid of vehicles. In this context, we consider a mmWave 5G cellular system with two physical structures which are the analog-only beamforming and hybrid precoding with limited feedback to investigate the rate distribution for single and multiuser scenarios. We will use the Ray-Tracing tool to construct the simulation environment and generate the channels between the BSs and the grid of vehicles. Finally, we will study the effects of the carrier frequency, the bandwidth, the BSs deployment, the blockage, the codebook, the physical architectures and the number of served users on the rate distribution maps. Moreover, we will present the rate statistics to evaluate the coverage of served users for certain services requirements and for various road shapes such as corners, intersections and straightways.
The Influence of Employee Empowerment on Competitive Advantage in Hospitals within Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: The study examined the influence of implementation of employee empowerment on competitive advantage in hospitals within Nairobi. The study looked at the following aspects of employee empowerment; competence, teamwork, motivation, reward and recognition. Employee empowerment is derived from the Total Quality Management (TQM) principles bringing forth competitive advantage that results from high customer satisfaction levels, employee satisfaction and operations efficiency.Methods: A descriptive correlational research design that applied positivism philosophy. Data was collected from both private and public hospitals within Nairobi targeting patients who were admitted in these hospitals for more than three days during the study period and senior employees of the respective hospitals. There were 308 participants, 154 hospital employees and 154 patients from 31 hospitals within Nairobi. After institutional and individual consent was obtained, participants filled a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data was coded into SPSS Version 23 software and the analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The findings illustrated that employee empowerment significantly predicted competitive advantage. High responsiveness and good attitude, being reliable, empathy and assuring the patients of their state best enhance patients’ and employee satisfaction.Conclusion: This brings out the importance of realigning the staff inputs towards improving patient experiences, as well as considering employees’ performance as individual instead of considering them as teams.
The Value of School: Educational Experiences and Maturational Growth Among Delinquent Youth

Maturational growth through psychosocial, adult role, identity, civic, and cognitive change has proven an insightful explanation of behavioral change among offender populations. It has evolved to address both endogenous growth, such as advancing age, and exogenous influences, such as family. The relevance of family bonding processes to maturation is well documented, in both psychological and criminological work, but an unexplored social process of relevance may be education. The current study uses the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance Study to explore the influence of school orientation variables and teacher bonding connections on specific domains of maturational growth as articulated by the integrated maturation theory. Analyses address the distinct influences of schools attended in the general community and schools attended while under placement in a secure juvenile detention facility. The current study identifies significant within-individual variation in various domains of maturity influenced by community school bonds, with corresponding patterns emerging for institutional school bonding experiences. Relationships with teachers produce some positive change, but the results are not consistent. Educational processes play a significant role in facilitating maturational growth, independent of family influences. This pattern emerges across different contexts, expands theoretical insight, and suggests focused policy interventions to promote desistance.
Mechanobiology of Bone Metastatic Cancer

In this review, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the impacts of mechanical stimuli on metastatic tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD). Further, we focus on the role of the osteocyte, the skeleton’s primary mechanosensory cell, which is central to the skeleton’s mechanoresponse, sensing and integrating local mechanical stimuli, and then controlling the downstream remodeling balance as appropriate. Exercise and controlled mechanical loading have anabolic effects on bone tissue in models of bone metastasis. They also have anti-tumorigenic properties, in part due to offsetting the vicious cycle of osteolytic bone loss as well as regulating inflammatory signals. The impacts of metastatic cancer on the mechanosensory function of osteocytes remains unclear. Increased mechanical stimuli are a potential method for mitigating TIBD.
Immunoreactivity of p16 in anal cytology specimens: histologic correlation.

BACKGROUND Cytology has been proposed as a potential screening tool in the evaluation of squamous anorectal disease in view of the morphologic similarities between anal and cervical squamous lesions. Previous studies have demonstrated that p16 overexpression correlates with the degree of dysplasia in the uterine cervix with promising results. Due to potential diagnostic pitfalls in anal cytology, p16 overexpression in these specimens was studied. METHODS Patients with anorectal cytology who underwent follow-up biopsy within 1 year were selected. Forty-three anorectal cytologic specimens from 29 patients were selected. One slide of each case was destained. Avidin-biotin immunocytochemical studies with the monoclonal antibody CINtec p16INK4a were performed. The results of the p16 immunostaining were correlated with the histologic findings. RESULTS Twenty-eight of the 43 cases demonstrated the presence of squamous cells immunoreactive for p16 in cytology specimens. The p16-positive cells were identified in cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (n = 3 cases), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n = 22 cases), and invasive squamous carcinoma (n = 1 case), and in 2 cases with negative follow-up biopsies. No cell immunoreactive for p16 was found in 15 cases (5 benign cases and 10 cases with either LSIL or HSIL). The sensitivity and specificity of p16 immunoreactivity in the detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma were 72% and 71%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 93% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The presence of p16 immunoreactivity is a good predictor of dysplasia in anal specimens. However, the sensitivity and specificity of this marker are not high. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Colors of Objects

As with the colors of light, the colors of objects are relative, not absolute. Objects perceived to be as different as yellow and blue can have exactly the same chromaticities, when one is illuminated with a phase of daylight that has a higher correlated color temperature than the light that illuminates the other. The perceptions do not correspond in any absolute way to the chromaticities. The perceptions correspond, rather, to the locations of the chromaticities relative to the chromaticities of the illuminating lights. This is the basis of the practice in colorimetry of determining dominant wavelength by extending the straight line drawn from the illuminant point through the chromaticity (x, y) point of the sample when the latter is computed by use of the spectral distribution of the illuminant.
A New Relaxation Procedure in the Hopfield Network for Solving Optimization Problems

When solving an optimization problem with a Hopfield network, a solution is obtained after the network is relaxed to an equilibrium state. The relaxation process is an important step in achieving a solution. In this paper, a new procedure for the relaxation process is proposed. In the new procedure, the amplified signal received by a neuron from other neurons is treated as the target value for its activation (output) value. The activation of a neuron is updated directly based on the difference between its current activation and the received target value, without using the updating of the input value as an intermediate step. A relaxation rate is applied to control the updating scale for a smooth relaxation process. The new procedure is evaluated and compared with the original procedure in the Hopfield network through simulations based on 200 randomly generated instances of the 10-city traveling salesman problem. The new procedure reduces the error rate by 34.6% and increases the percentage of valid tours by 194.6% as compared with the original procedure.
A comparison of high power solid state GaAs FETs versus microwave power modules from a user's perspective: the Cooperative Engagement Capability program

This paper presents data resulting from a comparison between two alternate high power (>100 watts) transmitter technologies, solid state GaAs FETs and Microwave Power Modules (MPMs), used to drive individual elements of an airborne array for the Navy's Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) program. The results should help others select between competing technologies when size, weight, cooling, and prime power concerns are critical (i.e., aircraft, satellites, ground mobile units, and high power arrays).
Dependent Care Tax Benefits: A Sham and a Scam

In this article, they discuss dependent care tax benefits. IRC section 29 provides for an exclusion from gross income of up to $5,000 for dependent care services. IRC section 21 provides for a credit for those same types of expenditures. The tax credit is a sham for some low-income taxpayers because many of them will get little or no effective benefit from it. For some other low-income taxpayers, the credit is available and provides more advantage than the exclusion. High-income taxpayers benefit more from the exclusion than from the credit but can only qualify for the exclusion if, due to nondiscrimination rules, they can convince a number of low-income taxpayers to participate in the employer’s plan. This creates a conflict of interest for high-income owner-employees who want to encourage low-income employees to participate in the employer’s dependent care assistance plan but for whom the resulting exclusion would be less than the related credit.
Propionate-initiated changes in intracellular pH in rabbit colonocytes

Abstract Background/Aims: Because regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is critical to basic cell functions, most celts have evolved mechanisms to closely regulate intracellular acid-base balance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the predominant luminal anion in the colon, acidify the cell interior in several cell systems, but their effect on their "natural target," the colonocytes, has not been examined thoroughly. Methods: We monitored the pHi response to a model SCFA, propionate, in isolated cells and epithelial sheets from rabbit proximal colon loaded with the pH-sensitive dye 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and -6) carboxyfluorescein. Results: SCFAs induced a characteristic pHi response curve in colonocytes: an immediate acidification and a recovery phase returning to baseline in 100–200 seconds. Acidification was altered by increasing concentrations of SCFAs, by increasing SCFA chain length, extracellular osmolarity, and intracellular pH, and finally, Na + removal. The recovery phase was slowed by amiloride and 4-α-OH cinnamate, an inhibitor of proton-monocar-boxylate cotransport. Conclusions: Physiological concentrations of SCFAs have profound effects on intracellular pH. Simple diffusion of the SCFA may not explain the complexities of propionate-induced protonated acidification; the pH recovery phase may involve multiple processes including Na + -H + exchange and H + -SCFA cotransport. Luminal constituents such as SCFAs may have significant effects on the intracellular pH and function of colonocytes.
Light emission from nanoscale silicon: the king of microelectronics advancing toward optoelectronic integrated circuits

The need for silicon-based optoelectronic components that can be integrated into microelectronic technology has stimulated a significant development effort. Photodetectors, waveguides, wavelength demultiplexers and modulators have all been fabricated in silicon-based technology. The capability of fabricating light-emitting devices (LEDs) in silicon-based technology would greatly expand the use of silicon as an optoelectronic material. Applications where silicon-based light emitters could be utilized include data transceivers for local area network communication, optical interconnects for high speed system integration, and low-cost high-resolution displays to name a few. This work presents an overview on LEDs that are based on nanoscale silicon. There are a number of different methods used to prepare crystalline silicon structures in the nanometer size regime, perhaps the most well-known being porous silicon formation via electrochemical anodization of crystalline silicon. Alternative methods of preparation include silicon nanopillar formation using lithographic and reactive ion etching techniques, as well as physical and chemical deposition techniques. Details of the material preparation, device design, and electroluminescence response from various research groups are presented.
Identification of genetic risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Recent consortium guidelines support research-based screening for those at high risk of pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)). Genetic testing plays an important role in the establishment of high-risk PDAC research clinics by delineating those individuals who would benefit from screening protocols. We retrospectively examined patients referred for PDAC-related genetic testing from January 2009 to June 2014. Patients were referred for a personal and/or family history of PDAC or a questioned diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis (HP). Of the 75 referred patients, 36 underwent testing, of which 11 (31%) were mutation-positive. In total, 36% of patients with chronic pancreatitis carried a mutation, 11% of patients with a family history of PDAC carried a mutation, and 20% of patients with a personal history of PDAC carried a mutation. The most common barrier to testing was lack of insurance coverage. Genetic testing yields a suitable number of mutation-positive individuals who may benefit from increased screening. Subjects with possible HP yielded the highest positive rate. Individuals with idiopathic pancreatitis, onset of pancreatitis before the age of 30 years, and those with a family history of PDAC should be considered for testing. Sub-optimal insurance coverage remains a major deterrent to obtaining testing.
Hybrid total hip arthroplasty with a precoated offset stem. Four to nine-year results.

Background: Use of modern cementing techniques for fixation of femoral components in total hip arthroplasty has had excellent clinical and radiographic results in most patients. However, several authors have described early loosening of femoral components with roughened and precoated finishes. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the precoated Iowa stem, which has increased offset, and to compare the results with those of another cemented precoated femoral component with standard offset used at our institution. Methods: We carried out a prospective analysis of 102 primary hybrid total hip arthroplasties (a cementless acetabular component and a cemented femoral component) performed with use of the Iowa femoral component in ninety-five patients at our institution. The Iowa stem was used in hips that required greater offset than is available with standard stems as determined by preoperative templating. The average age of the patients at the time of the index procedure was sixty-nine years. Sixteen patients (seventeen hips) died before the forty-eight-month minimum follow-up period had elapsed. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and radiographic follow-up was incomplete for one. The mean duration of clinical and radiographic follow-up of the remaining eighty-two hips in the seventy-six surviving patients was sixty-five months (range, forty-eight to 104 months). Results: The average preoperative Harris hip score of 47 points (range, 16 to 69 points) improved to an average of 87 points (range, 24 to 100 points) at the time of the review. Two hips underwent femoral component revision. Four femoral stems were radiographically loose at an average of thirty-four months. Femoral osteolysis was seen in five hips (6 percent) at an average of fifty-four months postoperatively. No acetabular component was revised because of aseptic loosening. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the seven-year survival rate, with an end point of femoral revision, osteolysis, or stem debonding, was 90.6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.94). Conclusions: The prevalence of revision, osteolysis, and loosening after total hip arthroplasty with the Iowa femoral component at our institution was higher than that seen in our series of Harris Precoat stems, which had a survival rate of 98.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.00) at ten years with the same end points. The design of the Iowa stem may make it difficult to achieve a good cement mantle, and, in combination with the geometry and increased offset of the stem, may compromise the long-term survival of this cemented femoral component.
Escape from the double cone: Optimized descriptions of the seam space using gateway modes

The conceptual description of nuclear dynamics near a conical intersection generally focuses on the branching plane, the two-dimensional subspace in which the conical topography is evinced, to the exclusion of the seam coordinates, the remaining internal nuclear coordinates. Establishing the limits of the utility of this assumption is an important issue in nonadiabatic dynamics. To accomplish this a careful treatment of the nuclear dynamics near conical intersections is required. The coordinate systems generally available for describing conical intersections are not optimal for such studies. In this work we extend a perturbative description of a conical intersection to describe more general seam spaces. We develop a coordinate system that segregates the interactions coupling the branching plane to the seam space into a set of gateway modes. The size of this set does not increase with the size of the molecule. The gateway modes are illustrated for the 1,2 1A conical intersections in NH3. The connection between the gateway modes and the optimum coordinate system for locating and characterizing seam confluences, intersections of two branches of the same seam, is discussed.
Severity of Nonnormality in Pavement Quality Assurance: Acceptance Quality Characteristics Data and Adverse Effects on Acceptance and Pay

Nonnormality in the form of skewness and kurtosis was examined in lot acceptance quality characteristics data from seven state highway agencies for their highway construction quality assurance programs. Lot skewness and kurtosis varied significantly. For most lot data sets, skewness values varied in the range of 0.0 ± 1.0, whereas most kurtosis values varied in the range of 0.0 ± 2.0. The analysis also reveals that, on average, 50% of lot test data sets were nonnormal with 15% of lot data sets having skewness greater than ±1.0 and kurtosis greater than ±2.0. This is a significant finding because most state transportation agencies' pay factor algorithms assume normally distributed lot. Further investigation showed that high skewness and kurtosis were associated with higher lot variability. This variability produced misleading results in regard to inflated Type I error and low power for the F-test. However, the t-test was found to be quite robust for distinguishing mean differences. Significant deviation wa...
Youth Victimization School Climate or Deviant Lifestyles

Despite much focus on school violence, there has been little research that explores the relationship between offending and victimization in various school climates. School climate theory suggests that the school’s social system, culture, milieu, and ecological structure affect student outcomes including academic performance, delinquency, and more recently, victimization. Hierarchical analysis of data from 5,037 11th-grade students in 33 schools found that offending behavior was the strongest predictor for both minor and more serious forms of victimization. School climate, specifically the social cohesion of schools, reduced serious violent victimization risk. However, school climate did not affect the relationship between offending and victimization, and was not substantially modified when characteristics of the school environment were considered.
Rate-dependent crack growth in adhesives II. Experiments and analysis

Results of a combined experimental and numerical study of the rate-dependent fracture behavior of thermoplastic bonded joints are presented. Double cantilever beam joints bonded with a high-density polyethylene based adhesive were investigated, and a rate-dependent crack growth behavior was found in tests under constant loading rates. In tests with variable loading rate, stress relaxation effects had considerable influence on the crack growth behavior. A rate-dependent cohesive zone model is applied to the analysis of these rate effects during crack growth.
Representative Bureaucracy: Understanding Its Past to Address Its Future

Julie Dolan and David H. Rosenbloom, eds., Representative Bureaucracy: Classic Readings and Continuing Controversies Norma M. Riccucci, Managing Diversity in Public Sector Workforces Margaret C. Rung, Servants of the State: Managing Diversity and Democracy in the Federal Workforce, 1933–1953
The Belsey Mark V Procedure

A potential weak link in the Belsey Mark IV partial fundoplication operation is the placement of the plicating mattress sutures in the esophageal muscle. During or after repair, if these sutures are tied too tightly, if the esophagus is pulled taut beneath the diaphragm, or if the diaphragm moves forcibly, the sutures can pull out. This causes partial or complete disruption of the repair. The use of Teflon felt pledgets with the mattress sutures is described (Mark V procedure). This modification seems to give better purchase of the sutures in the muscle of the esophagus and may help to lower the incidence of recurrence.
Early Holocene climatic instability in Japan: organic geochemical evidence in sediment cores from Lake Biwa, Lake Kizaki and the Japan Sea

Abstract Sediment cores from Lake Biwa (Shiga Prefecture) and Lake Kizaki (Nagano Prefecture) provide evidence of variations in the climate of Japan subsequent to the end of the last glacial period. Concentrations of organic carbon increase in sediments deposited after the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, as wetter climates washed in more soil nutrients and aquatic productivity increased. Organic matter C/N ratios simultaneously decrease, indicating smaller proportions of land-derived plant matter. Lake Biwa C/N ratios and organic carbon isotope ratios fluctuate markedly between 10 and 4 Kya, suggesting that both delivery of land-derived organic matter and production of lake-derived organic matter were variable during this period of time. Similar variability in biotic paleoceanographic indicators has been reported in sediments from the Oki Ridge in the Japan Sea and has been interpreted to record early Holocene fluctuations in the intensity of the Tsushima Current. Such fluctuations in this warm-water current are likely to have caused concordant fluctuations in climate on Honshu, a relationship that explains the variability in rainfall evident in the organic matter of the lake sediments.
The nature of the child

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2000, Vol 45(6), 611–614. The reviewer states that this book (see record 1999-02582-000) addresses the topic of childhood violence and what must be done about this. It addresses the backgrounds of antisocial behavior among the you
Surface pressure—area behavior of fatty acid monolayers on multicomponent substrates

Abstract The surface pressure-area behavior of a number of fatty acid monolayers on water-glycerol substrates has been examined experimentally using a Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance and theoretically by using a modification of the Langmuir duplex film model together with various theories correlating solution activity data. Results are obtained for substrates up to 100% glycerol, and its presence at low to moderate concentration is found to cause slight expansion in the condensed and intermediate regions but significant expansion in the liquid expanded region. The expansion effect achieves a maximum at a particular characteristic glycerol concentration for each surfactant. The π-A curves for low to moderate glycerol concentrations are well-correlated with the new equations of state proposed, but the curves obtained on concentrated glycerol solutions show greater deviations from ideality than are accounted for in the present form of the model.
One strike, you’re out: the residue of state deregulatory experiments and neoliberal era criminals in a faded Texas boomtown

Both the savings and loans (S&L) crisis of the late 1980s and the more recent subprime mortgage crisis left physical residues in the built landscape of American cities. With the crises, communities that had been the sites of speculative growth became sites of vacant properties, foreclosed properties, unimproved subdivisions, and razed structures. This paper considers the legacy of one such episode of urban development preceding the S&L crisis along Interstate 30 Garland, Texas, where criminals took advantage of deregulation and lax local planning policies to hastily construct a condominium glut. The central argument of the paper is that regional policies fostering outward growth coupled with federal policies stimulating extreme boom and bust cycles have created brief periods in which American Sunbelt communities experience growth pressures, which harnessed incorrectly have created the danger of a ‘one strike, you're out’ scenario: a single chance to succeed or fail.Video abstractRead the transcriptWatch t...
Trends in multiple-authored articles in criminology and criminal justice: A comparative analysis

Employing a content analysis of sociology, political science, and criminology and criminal justice journals from 1964 to 1996, we explored trends in authorship. The data revealed that multiple authorship is now a common form of journal scholarship in the social sciences and is especially prevalent in criminology and criminal justice journals. The analysis showed that the dominant form of authorship among females is collaboration with at least one male. It also appears that multiple authorship is less widespread for theoretical articles and more common among empirical articles using more sophisticated quantitative techniques.
Femtosecond study of the intensity dependence of electron-hole dynamics in TiO2 nanoclusters

Abstract The dynamics of charge carrier trapping and recombination as a function of pump fluence of 20 A diameter TiO2 particles in aqueous solutions is measured. Trapping of photogenerated conduction band electrons occurs in less than 500 fs. The subsequent fluence-dependent decay of trapped electrons has both a fast and a slow component. The early time recombination results are interpreted by second-order kinetics. A global fit to the data predicts a bulk second-order recombination rate constant of (1.8 ± 0.7) × 10−10 cm3 s−1 for trapped electrons with holes. The signal at long times is attributed to electrons ejected from the nanocluster and/or deeply trapped electrons produced via third-order kinetics, consistent with an Auger process.
A Single-Loop Method for Reliability-Based Design Optimization

Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) can provide optimum designs in the presence of uncertainty. It can therefore, be a powerful tool for design under uncertainty. The traditional, double-loop RBDO algorithm requires nested optimization loops, where the design optimization (outer) loop, repeatedly calls a series of reliability (inner) loops. Due to the nested optimization loops, the computational effort can be prohibitive for practical problems. A single-loop RBDO algorithm is proposed in this paper for both normal and non-normal random variables. Its accuracy is the same with the double-loop approach and its efficiency is almost equivalent to deterministic optimization. It collapses the nested optimization loops into an equivalent single-loop optimization process by imposing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions of the reliability loops as equivalent deterministic equality constraints of the design optimization loop. It therefore, converts the probabilistic optimization problem into an equivalent deterministic optimization problem, eliminating the need for calculating the Most Probable Point (MPP) in repeated reliability assessments. Several numerical applications including an automotive vehicle side impact example, demonstrate the accuracy and superior efficiency of the proposed single-loop RBDO algorithm.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Response of a panel to a supersonic turbulent boundary layer: studies on a theoretical model

A study of the response of a clamped panel to a supersonic turbulent boundary layer, based on a recently developed theoretical model, is presented. It is demonstrated that the model incorporates the effect of coupling between the panel motion and the flow of the surrounding fluid. Further, a Ritz-Galerkin method is used to obtain approximate solutions for the statistics of the panel response to the turbulence. The numerical results are compared with previous experimental data and the theoretical model is assessed.
Pore pressure loads on gravity structures

Abstract It is common practice to compute wave-induced loads on the immersed surface of gravity structures exposed to the wave motion and disregard the pore-water pressure variation on the foundation surface. However, when the soil is porous, wave-induced pressures propagate within the soil under the structure and result in a rather significant contribution to overall loads. This paper describes a practical method for numerical modeling of the pore pressure under a gravity platform foundation for compressible water and a rigid, but porous soil. The porous soil may be bounded by an impermeable horizontal layer at some arbitrary depth. The paper outlines the basic boundary element procedure for pore pressure analysis and presents numerical results for a typical gravity structure as well as results for comparison with an existing analytical solution for a vertical circular cylinder.
All Time Smooth Solutions of the One-Phase Stefan Problem and the Hele-Shaw Flow

Abstract We consider the one phase free boundary problem of Stefan (or Hele-Shaw) type: find {u, Ω} such that Ω = {u > 0} and with Q T = ℝ n × (0, T), T > 0. Under the condition that u o is C 1, 1 and log u o is concave on Ω o , we show that the concavity of log u(⋅, t) is preserved under the flow. As a consequence, we show that there exists a solution which is smooth at all time, up to the interface. In particular, the interface is smooth.
Isolation of coxsackie viruses; litter differences among suckling mice.

SummaryData are presented which suggest differences in susceptibility of different litters of suckling mice used for the primary isolation of Coxsackie viruses. It is suggested that at least 2 litters including a total of 12 to 15 suckling mice be used for demonstrating Coxsackie viruses in clinical specimens.
Performance impact of asynchronous off-tone jamming attacks against OFDM

This paper presents power efficient asynchronous off-tone jamming attacks on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Often wireless communication systems have to operate in environments, which are prone to unknown interference from adversaries such as jamming, which can lead to degradation of performance. This paper begins with presenting existing conventional jamming attacks, such as barrage jamming (BJ), partial band jamming (PBJ), single-tone jamming (STJ), and multi-tone jamming (MTJ) on OFDM and then proposes new power efficient jamming strategies. It is known that signal with frequency offset can affect more spectrum than the occupied bandwidth as the signal energy gets smeared into adjacent spectrum while performing FFT in the OFDM receiver, and thus create inter-channel interference (ICI). This paper builds on this idea, and presents new asynchronous single off-tone and multiple off-tone jamming attacks on OFDM. We first present our channel model, and then undertake an analysis of OFDM systems under off-tone jamming attacks, verifying the idea through simulation. Both analysis and simulation show that off-tone jamming attacks have more adverse effect than jammer aligned with the received signal.
Changes in Fibrinogen After rt-PA Administration

Among patients participating in the TIMI-II protocol, there was a variability in the fibrinolytic re sponse to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt- PA). A cohort of 20 TIMI-II patients was selected for detailed study because their responses to rt-PA varied widely in the degree of fibrin(ogen)olysis. Patient plasmas were analyzed by immunoblotting for changes in fibrino gen and plasminogen. Measurements of fibrinogen, fibrin ogen degradation product (FDP), D-dimer, Bβ 1-42, plas minogen, and t-PA were also correlated. Three patterns of response to rt-PA were identified: Group A (n = 4) had fibrinogenolysis without fibrinolysis; Group B ( n = 11) had fibrinolysis and mild fibrinogenolysis; and Group C ( n = 5) had fibrinolysis with intense fibrinogenolysis. Group C patients also demonstrated qualitative changes in high- molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) fibrinogens, whereas Group A and B patients demonstrated only mild alterations in fibrinogen compo sition. Plasmin-inhibitor co...
Renal Remnant Presenting as a Large Retroperitoneal Mass in a Teenage Girl.

Abstract Background Adolescents commonly present with a symptomatic pelvic mass. The vast majority of these masses are benign and gynecological in nature. Nonetheless, it is important to consider less common etiologies including retroperitoneal and enteric cysts. Case A 17-year-old female patient with chronic pelvic pain due to a large 9-cm cystic pelvic mass underwent laparoscopy. Operative findings indicated a retroperitoneal mass, which was excised in a minimally invasive fashion. Final pathology was suggestive of a remnant of a developmental renal anomaly. Summary and Conclusion This case highlights the importance of a broad differential when considering etiologies of a cystic pelvic mass. Clinical diagnosis and management are often challenging. Therefore, it is important to increase awareness of this diagnosis within the gynecological community.
Effect of Inhaled Salmeterol on Sulfur Dioxide-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic Subjects

This study tested the capability of a single 42-μg dose of inhaled salmeterol xinafoate, a long-acting β 2 -agonist, to protect against bronchoconstrictive effects of exposure to 0.75 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) during exercise, for up to 24 h. Ten SO 2 -responsive adult volunteers with stable asthma were studied under 4 conditions of drug pretreatment/exposure, administered in random order, doubleblind: salmeterol/SO 2 , placebo/SO 2 , salmeterol/clean air, and placebo/clean air. Each subject underwent 10-min exposure/exercise challenges in a chamber 1, 12, 18, and 24 h after pretreatment. Exercise ventilation rates averaged 29 L/min. Response was measured as the decrement in FEV 1 between preexposure and postexposure (lowest value within 30 min). After salmeterol, mean decrement post-SO 2 was 7% at 1 h and 12% at 12 h. At 18 and 24 h after salmeterol, and at all times after placebo, mean decrements were 25 to 30%. After 18 and 24 h, salmeterol still improved baseline FEV 1 relative to placebo, although improvement was not statistically significant at 24 h. Acute symptom increases accompanied FEV 1 decrements. Conclusion In our asthmatic subjects, pretreatment with salmeterol imparted clinically and statistically significant (p 2 /exercise for at least 12 h, and maintained an improvement in lung function for as much as 18 h.
Levels of Analysis of Pluralistic Ignorance Phenomena: The Case of Receptiveness to Interpersonal Feedback1

Data were collected from 32 groups nested within two cultural contexts on pluralistic ignorance regarding receptiveness to various kinds of interpersonal feedback. Pluralistic ignorance was operationalized as the average difference between ratings of own receptiveness and ratings of the perceived receptiveness of others within a particular group. An overall effect of pluralistic ignorance was found which varied as a function of valence (whether the feedback was positive or negative) and mode (whether the feedback concerned ideas, behaviors, or feelings). Pluralistic ignorance was greater when the feedback was negative and when the feedback concerned feelings. In addition, pluralistic ignorance was found to vary as a function of cultural context. On the other hand, pluralistic ignorance did not vary at all as a function of groups, contrary to what was expected given previous conceptualizations of pluralistic ignorance. The data were taken as evidence that pluralistic ignorance in receptiveness to feedback may be due to social desirability and certain cognitive biases.
Quantum interference effects in quasi-two-dimensional metals

In connection with two groups of experimental data, a calculation is performed of quantum interference corrections in a quasi-two-dimensional metal to conductivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field. For the temperature dependence a cross-over between a two-dimensional (2D) (higher temperatures) and 3D (lower temperatures) behavior is obtained. In the 3D limit the relative correction is isotropic. In the 2D limit it is extremely anisotropic having a logarithmic dependence in the ab plane, and a power law for the c conductivity. The interaction correction to the density of states is calculated as a function of temperature. A criterion for the crossover from 2D to 3D behavior differs strongly from the interference correction, and makes the 2D limit unlikely. In the 3D limit this correction is proportional to (sq root)(T). Comparison between corrections of different origins favors the interference logarithmic correction for the in-plane conductivity, in agreement with experiment. The c-axis correction can be of either origin, and is nonlogarithmic, as observed in some experiments. The dependence of the relative correction on magnetic field in the 3D limit is always proportional to (sq root)(H), in agreement with experiment, and the coefficient depends only on the orientation of the magnetic field.more » (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.« less
ZFX has a gene structure similar to ZFY, the putative human sex determinant, and escapes X inactivation

Abstract The ZFX gene on the human X chromosome is structurally similar to the ZFY gene, which may constitute the sex-determining signal on the human Y chromosome. ZFY and ZFX diverged from a common ancestral gene, as evidenced by similarities in their intron/exon organization and exon DNA sequences. The carboxy-terminal exons of ZFY and ZFX both encode 13 zinc fingers; 383 of 393 amino acid residues are identical, and there are no insertions or deletions. Thus, the ZFY and ZFX proteins may bind to the same nucleic acid sequences. ZFY and ZFX are transcribed in a wide variety of XY and (in the case of ZFX ) XX cell lines. Transcription analysis of human-rodent hybrid cell lines containing "inactive" human X chromosomes suggests that ZFX escapes X inactivation. This result contradicts the "dosage/X-inactivation" model, which postulated that sex is determined by the total amount of functionally interchangeable ZFY and ZFX proteins.
Relations among DNA and RNA synthesis and synchronized cell division in L. acidophilus

Abstract 1. 1. An investigation of the coupling and relevance to cell division of DNA, RNA and protein syntheses is reported. 2. 2. Cell division is synchronized in a population of bacterial cells by suspending DNA synthesis specifically, while RNA and protein syntheses continue. Cell division takes place about two hours after DNA synthesis is allowed to resume. 3. 3. Simple initiation of DNA synthesis or up to 80 per cent increase is insufficient for division—duplication is necessary. The time course of division is the same irrespective of whether DNA doubles or quadruples before division. 4. 4. An abrupt increase in the rates of RNA and protein synthesis, which are otherwise constant during the division cycle, occurs at division and only when division is permitted. Cells which have accumulated relatively large amounts of RNA do not show the RNA rate increase, but do show the protein rate increase. RNA synthesis is not tightly coupled to DNA synthesis. 5. 5. Stepwise DNA synthesis can be observed preceding cell division; the steps appear to be correlated with nuclear divisions.
Numerical Stress Analysis of the Bond between a Reinforced Concrete T-Beam and FRP Sheets

Three-dimensional non-linear elastic finite element analysis models of a concrete beam strengthened with fiber-reinforced plastic composites have been developed. The results contribute to a fundamental understanding of the stresses and strains that occur at the interface between the composite overlay and the concrete substrate. How the presence of interface cracks affects the stress state along the bond between the FRP overlay and concrete substrate is investigated. Increased composite stiffness increases the interface shear stress and the energy release rate G at the interface crack tip. The load mode that occurs in the beam is mostly Mode II or mixed Mode I/Mode II loading.
In Memoriam: Val Nolan, Jr., 1920–2008

The Auk, Vol�� 125, Number 3, pages 749–750�� ISSN 0004-8038, electronic ISSN 1938-4254��  2008 by The American Ornithologists’ Union�� All rights reserved�� Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, http://www��ucpressjournals�� com/reprintInfo��asp�� �OI: 10��1525/au���2008��3708 Val Nolan, Jr��, emeritus professor of law and biology, died on 27 March 2008 at the age of 87�� Val will always be remembered for his warm humanity and sense of humor�� He was a supportive colleague, a wonderful scientist, an inspirational teacher, and a valued friend�� Val was born on 28 April 1920 in Evansville, Indiana, to Val and Jeannette (Covert) Nolan�� His father, Val Nolan, Sr��, was U��S�� Attorney for the southern district of Indiana and a trustee of Indiana University (IU)�� His mother was an acclaimed author of children’s boo�s�� Following his graduation from IU in 1941 (AB in history with highest honors), Val was a �eputy U��S�� Marshall, then a member of the Secret Service, providing security for President Fran�lin ��� Roosevelt�� In 1942, Val joined the U��S�� Navy and was IN MEMORIAM: VAL NOLAN, JR., 1920–2008
Molecular variation in trypanosomes

Abstract Several species of the genus Trypanosoma cause parasitic diseases of considerable medical and veterinary importance throughout Africa, Asia and the Americas. These parasites exhibit considerable intra-species genetic diversity and variation, which has complicated their taxonomic classification. This diversity and variation can be defined at the level of both the genome and of individual genes. The nuclear genome shows considerable inter- and intra-species plasticity in terms of chromosome number and size (molecular karyotype). The mitochondrial (kDNA) genome also varies considerably between species, especially in terms of minicircle size and organization. There is also considerable intra-specific sequence diversity in minicircles and within the Variable Region of the maxicircle. Restriction enzyme analysis of this diversity has lead to the concept of ‘schizodemes’. At the gene level, isoenzyme analysis has proven very useful for strain and isolate identification, with the classification into numerous ‘zymodemes’. Considerable antigenic diversity has also been identified in T. cruzi and T. brucei, with the development of ‘serodemes’ in the latter. In addition to this inter-strain diversity, African trypanosomes (T. brucei, T. congolense, and T. vivax) exhibit the phenomenon of antigenic variation, where individual parasites are able to express any one of hundreds of different copies of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein gene at any particular time. The molecular mechanisms underlying antigenic variation are now understood in considerable detail. The implication of this molecular diversity and variation are discussed in terms of trypanosome taxonomy and disease control.
The role of mental health factors, behavioral factors, and past experiences in the prediction of rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescence.

Purpose This study investigates the predictors of rapid repeat pregnancy (subsequent pregnancy within 24 months of previous pregnancy outcome) in a sample of urban adolescents.
Reproductive phenologies in a diverse temperate ant fauna

1. Ant nuptial flights are central to understanding ant life history and ecology but have been little studied. This study examined the timing of nuptial flights, the synchronicity of nuptial flights (as a potential index of mating strategy), and variation in nuptial flights with elevation and among years in a diverse temperate ant fauna. 2. Flights occurred throughout the year, but were concentrated in the beginning of summer and in early fall (autumn). Relative to the entire flight season, closely related species tended to be more likely than expected by chance to fly at similar times, perhaps because of phylogenetic constraints on life history evolution. 3. Flights were relatively synchronous within species for nearly all species considered, but synchronicity did not appear to be a robust estimate of overall mating strategy. 4. Overall patterns in nuptial flights among species and the timing of flights for individual species varied with elevation, but did not vary greatly among years. 5. Although this study is one of the most comprehensive on the reproductive flight phenologies of ants, much remains to be learned about the causes and consequences of such spatial and temporal variation in flight phenology.