cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Hormone Receptors for Heme: REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ Are Ligand-Regulated Components of the Mammalian Clock

The nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs), REV-ERBalpha and REV-ERBbeta, regulate a number of physiological functions including the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. These two receptors lack the activation function-2 region that is associated with the ability of NHRs to recruit coactivators and activate target gene transcription. These NHRs have been characterized as constitutive repressors of transcription due to their lack of an identified ligand and their strong ability to recruit the corepressor, nuclear receptor corepressor. Recently, the porphyrin heme was demonstrated to function as a ligand for both REV-ERBs. Heme binds directly to the ligand-binding domain and regulates the ability of these NHRs to recruit nuclear receptor corepressor to target gene promoters. This review focuses on the physiological roles that these two receptors play and the implications of heme functioning as their ligand. The prospect that these NHRs, now known to be regulated by small molecule ligands, may be targets for development of drugs for treatment of diseases associated with aberrant circadian rhythms including metabolic and psychiatric disorders as well as cancer is also addressed.
Evaluation of fractional, lower-order statistics-based detection algorithms on real radar sea-clutter data

Alpha-stable distributions have recently been recognised in the signal processing community as simple, yet accurate, two-parameter statistical models for signals and noises that contain an impulsive component of various degrees of severity. On the basis of this finding, several signal processing problems have been addressed and solved within the framework of alpha-stable distributions and with the use of fractional, lower-order moments. The authors attempt to popularise these new signal processing tools within the radar community. In particular, they evaluate the goodness-of-fit of alpha-stable models in the radar environment and test the performance of new signal processing algorithms for signal detection on real radar sea-clutter data. They also include in the paper a brief review of the key ideas of signal processing with alpha-stable distributions, as well as a large number of references to the literature for further probing.
Evolution of breast cancer screening in the Medicare population: clinical and economic implications.

The imaging modalities available for breast cancer screening have evolved substantially. In addition to technological advances in mammography, such as digital image acquisition and computer-aided detection (CAD), the use of adjunct imaging modalities such as breast ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has diffused into clinical practice in hopes of improving breast cancer detection (1,2). Digital mammography separates the processes of image acquisition and display and allows the reader to adjust the degree of contrast (3–7). CAD technology can be used with digital mammography and uses computer software to assist breast imagers in identifying mammographic abnormalities, such as calcifications and densities (8–11). In addition to technological modifications to the mammographic approach, there has also been increased interest in the use of adjunct tests for screening in higher-risk populations or work-up of suspected lesions. The use of screening breast ultrasound, for example, has been described in women with dense breast tissue (12–14), and screening breast MRI has been shown to be valuable for women with known or suspected gene mutations (15–17). It is unclear how frequently these adjunct imaging modalities are used among an older cohort of patients for whom ultrasound or MRI is not necessarily indicated (18). Women aged greater than 65 years constitute almost one-third of the 37 million women who undergo screening in the United States each year (19). Given this large number, the evolution of breast imaging could affect Medicare screening-related costs substantially. Digital mammograms and CAD are reimbursed at higher rates than standard film, and breast MRI is much costlier than mammography (3). Second, adjunct imaging often leads to further imaging and/or biopsy, which carry additional costs (12,20). Therefore, in the context of rising health-care costs in the elderly population (21–24), it is important to identify temporal patterns in utilization of breast cancer imaging modalities and related costs (25–27). To address these knowledge gaps, we evaluated temporal changes in breast cancer screening among women in the Medicare population between the period of 2001 and 2002 and the period of 2008 and 2009. We also assessed the use of adjunct tests, including diagnostic mammography, breast ultrasound, and MRI, and breast biopsy with respect to frequency and cost. Lastly, we determined whether temporal changes in screening modalities and cost were associated with a change in detection of breast cancer.
How do I love thee? Let me count the Js: implicit egotism and interpersonal attraction.

From the perspective of implicit egotism people should gravitate toward others who resemble them because similar others activate people’s positive, automatic associations about themselves. Four archival studies and 3 experiments supported this hypothesis. Studies 1–4 showed that people are disproportionately likely to marry others whose first or last names resemble their own. Studies 5–7 provided experimental support for implicit egotism. Participants were more attracted than usual to people (a) whose arbitrary experimental code numbers resembled their own birthday numbers, (b) whose surnames shared letters with their own surnames, and (c) whose jersey number had been paired, subliminally, with their own names. Discussion focuses on implications for implicit egotism, similarity, and interpersonal attraction. Jesse Jefferson lives on Johnston Avenue in Jacksonville. Jennifer Jeffries lives just a few blocks away. Clearly, Jesse and Jennifer have much in common. Given each person’s presumed preference for the letter J, it would not be too surprising if these neighbors developed a close relationship. However, if Jesse and Jennifer were to start dating, it would be difficult to know exactly why they had done so. One reason might be proximity. All else being equal, people are much more likely to befriend and marry others who are close at hand (Bossard, 1932; Festinger, Schacter, & Back, 1950). Another reason might be similarity. A large body of research suggests that when choosing among potential friends and lovers, people are disproportionately attracted to others whose attitudes, values, and physical characteristics resemble their own (Byrne, 1971; Newcomb, 1961; Vandenberg, 1972).
The Baker‐Philippoff equation for cellulose acetate solutions

By suitable alteration of the exponent the fit of viscosity-concentration data by a Philippoff type equation may be substantially improved. For a series of cellulose acetate solutions the exponent of best fit appears to be related to the physical properties and chemical type of the solvent.
An Integrative Review of Factors Associated With Falls During Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

Purpose: Our aims were to evaluate evidence of risk factors for falls among patients in stroke rehabilitation and to offer recommendations for clinical practice and future research. Method: We conducted an integrative review of the literature published from 1990 to 2009 that describes empirical investigations of risk factors for post-stroke falls during inpatient rehabilitation. We searched Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and Embase databases, using the search terms "accidental falls,"fall risk,"risk factors,"risk assessment,"stroke," and "cerebrovascular disorders." We extracted information regarding study design, sample, potential risk factors, analytic methods, findings, and limitations from the 14 articles that met our inclusion criteria, and we rated the level of evidence for each study. Findings: Available empirical evidence points to impaired balance, visuospatial hemineglect, and impaired performance of activities of daily living as risk factors for falls during inpatient rehabilitation for stroke. Associations between falls and cognitive function, incontinence, visual field deficits, and stroke type were less clear, while relationships between falls and age, gender, stroke location, and impaired vision and hearing were not supported. Conclusions: The relatively sparse literature pertaining to risk factors for falls among stroke rehabilitation inpatients indicates that deficits affecting balance, perception, and self-care significantly increase the likelihood of falls. Particularly intriguing is the less well established role of post-stroke cognition in falls in this population. A conceptual model is needed to guide scientific inquiry and clinical practice in this area. Clinical Relevance: When clinicians in the inpatient stroke rehabilitation setting evaluate which patients are at greatest risk to fall, stroke-specific risk factors such as impaired balance, visuospatial hemineglect, and self-care deficits may be better predictors than more general risk factors such as age, incontinence, and sensory impairments. Patients with these stroke-specific deficits may benefit from the use of aggressive fall prevention interventions. Language: en
The neurobiological profile of girls with ADHD

Since boys are more commonly diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) than girls, the majority of theories and published research studies of ADHD have been based on samples comprised primarily (or exclusively) of boys. While psychosocial impairment in girls with ADHD is well established, the neuropsychological and neurobiological basis of these deficits is less consistently observed. There is growing evidence that boys’ and girls’ brains develop and mature at different rates, suggesting that the trajectory of early anomalous brain development in ADHD may also be sex-specific. It remains unclear, however, whether earlier brain maturation observed in girls with ADHD is protective. In this review, we outline the current theory and research findings that seek to establish a unique neurobiological profile of girls with ADHD, highlighting sex differences in typical brain development and among children with ADHD. The review highlights findings from neurological, neurocognitive, and behavioral studies. Future research directions are suggested, including the need for longitudinal neuroimaging and neurobehavioral investigation beginning as early as the preschool years, and continuing through adolescence and adulthood, with consideration of identified sex differences in the development of ADHD.
A quantitative analysis of a variety of sparsely encoded memories

Three different sparsely encoded associative memories (SEAMs) are quantitatively analyzed. The first two models are shown to have performance inferior to that of nonsparse systems due to stored-pattern mutual interference. Assuming that each neuron is working close to its threshold and using dynamic thresholding selection, the binary SEAM performance can be improved. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical work. The sensitivity problem that arises in choosing the threshold range is also explored. >
Subclavian flap aortoplasty: still a safe, reproducible, and effective treatment for infant coarctation.

Objective:Subclavianflap repairof infantcoarctationhasbeen criticizedand inmany centers abandonedin favorof resectionwith end-to-end anastomosis. The goal of this study was to examine intermediate and long-term results of infant subclavian flap aortoplasty, which has been the preferred technique at our institution over the last two decades. Methods: Our patient database identified all infants (age < 1 year) who underwent repair of isthmic coarctation via thoracotomy between January 1984 and December 2004. Procedure details and late results were collected by retrospective review of hospital and clinic data. Follow-up was 95.8% complete at a mean of 6.7 years. Results: Between January 1984 and December 2004, 119 infants underwent isolated subclavian flap repair of coarctation. Mean age and weight at operation were 35 52 days (range 1—269 days) and 3.5 1.3 kg (range 0.7—9.3 kg), respectively. Concomitant pulmonary artery banding was performed in 22% (26/119). In-hospital mortality was 4% (5/119) and cumulative late mortality was 6% (7/114) of patients with long-term follow-up. Actuarial survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 91, 85, and 85%, respectively. Overall re-intervention rate for re-stenosis was 11% (12/114); 10 patients (9%) underwent balloon angioplasty while 3 patients (3%) required operative revision. All re-stenoses occurred in the descending aorta, and all occurred in patients who had undergone neonatal repair. At late follow-up, there were no significant neurologic events (left recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, stellate ganglion dysfunction, or paraplegia), no clinically significant ischemic arm complications, and no flap aneurysms. Conclusions: Subclavian flap aortoplasty remains our procedure of choice for isthmic coarctation, as it is a simple, technically straightforward technique with a low incidence of re-stenosis and serious early and late morbidity. Furthermore, subclavian flap re-stenoses are easily treated with percutaneous intervention and seldom require surgical re-intervention via thoracotomy. # 2007 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Irish attitudes regarding conciliation: a survey of management, labour and conciliation officers1

While both management and union officials expressed confidence in the effectiveness of the Irish Conciliation Service, the survey revealed that the conciliation officers' views of the nature of conciliation differed considerably from that of the parties involved.
A NOTE ON NITROUS OXIDE AS AN ANESTHETIC IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION

Nitrous oxide, administered by means of the Gatch apparatus, as a preliminary anesthetic to ether has been found to be superior for the dog in rapidity of action, in promotion of ease of handling, and in absence of disorder; the anesthesia may be maintained solely by nitrous oxide in combination with oxygen; it is economical; and its use is instructive to students from closer imitation of current surgical methods.
Trypanosoma cruzi receptors for human transferrin and their role

Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes present receptors for human transferrin as indicated by the saturable binding of 125I-transferrin to this form of the parasite. Computerized Scatchard analysis revealed one class of receptors present at 8.1 X 10(4) receptors per amastigote with a Kd of 2.82 microM. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that more than 90% of amastigotes bind human transferrin, whereas trypomastigotes do not. Iron is required for amastigote growth in cell-free medium since deferoxamine, an iron chelator, inhibits amastigote growth. Amastigote growth is restored when deferoxamine is removed from the medium. 59Fe-transferrin, which bound to amastigotes at 4 degrees C for 1 h, was readily dissociated from the parasite surface upon treatment with acid. However, this treatment did not disrupt binding that occurred at 37 degrees C for 1 h. Amastigote growth in cell-free medium is inhibited in ferrotransferrin-depleted serum, and addition of ferrotransferrin but not apotransferrin restores parasite growth. Western blots of solubilized amastigote membranes probed with anti-human transferrin receptor antibody recognize a protein of 200 kDa. This protein is present on the amastigote cell surface; therefore, human transferrin seems to interact with a 200-kDa surface amastigote protein receptor. Iron, which is essential for amastigote growth, thus appears to be delivered to T. cruzi amastigotes by transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Refocusing the Lens: Enhancing Elementary Special Education Reading Instruction Through Video Self‐Reflection

This article presents the findings from a pilot study exploring the use of video as a self-reflection tool combined with high-quality, collaborative professional development (PD). Participants were in-service, upper-elementary, special education instructors teaching word study and fluency to students with learning disabilities. Participants watched multiple video-recordings of their instructional practice throughout one school year and reflected on their video by: rating their instruction, noting what worked, and making suggestions for future lessons. Findings indicated that teachers’ self-reflections changed from overestimations of their practice to more critical self-examinations. Their comments initially were vague but became more descriptive over time. Four teacher groups emerged in the analysis, ranging from teachers who did not believe they needed to improve their practice to teachers who became instrumental in conducting their own research about what worked in their practice. Overall, video self-reflection combined with high-quality PD was a positive tool for enhancing teacher change.
Decreasing the Linoleic Acid to α-Linolenic Acid Diet Ratio Increases Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Erythrocytes in Adults

The n-6/n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio has increased in the Western-style diet to approximately 10-15:1 during the last century, which may have contributed to the rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prior studies have evaluated the effects on CVD risk factors of manipulating the levels of n-6 and n-3 FA using food and supplements or investigated the metabolic fate of linoleic acid (LNA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) by varying the n-6/n-3 ratios. However, no previous studies have investigated the potential interaction between diet ratios and supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). We used a factorial design approach with adults (n = 24) in a controlled feeding trial to compare the accretion of EPA and DHA into red blood cell membranes (RBC) by adding a direct source (algal oil supplement) of EPA and DHA in a diet with a 10:1 versus 2:1 ratio of n-6/n-3 FA. Subjects were randomized into 8-week crossover diet sequences and each subject consumed three of four diets [10:1, 10:1 plus supplement (10:1 + S), 2:1 and 2:1 + S]. LNA and ALA intakes were 9.4 and 7.7%, and 1.0 and 3.0% during the low and high ALA diets, respectively. Compared to the Western-style 10:1 diet, the 2:1 diet increased EPA by 60% (P < 0.0001) in RBC membranes without the direct EPA source and a 34% increase (P = 0.027) was observed with the 10:1 + S diet; however, DHA levels increased in both diet ratios only with a direct DHA source. Shifting towards a 2:1 diet is a valid alternative to taking EPA-containing supplements.
Automatic partitioning for prototyping ubiquitous computing applications

A major challenge facing ubiquitous computing R&D is the difficulty of writing software for complex, distributed applications. Automatic application partitioning can help development teams rapidly prototype distributed ubiquitous computing systems.
Rethinking Presidential Challenges and Falls: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Charles Ragin and proponents of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) make strong claims about the strengths of QCA when contrasted with conventional variable-oriented research. Most importantly, Ragin argues that QCA is better capable (and perhaps uniquely capable) of assessing causal complexity, “defined as a situation in which an outcome may follow from several different combinations of causal conditions” (Ragin 2008a: 23). It is also claimed that QCA can bring to light heterogeneity in a population of cases that is obscured by conventional statistical techniques. My essay seeks to evaluate these methodological claims by contrasting qualitative and quantitative approaches as applied to a critical substantive issue in South American politics, namely presidential falls - i.e., the premature departure from office of elected presidents. This is accomplished by re-analyzing the data from Kathryn Hochstetler’s (2006) important contribution on the subject which draws some of its key inferences from quantitative regression. The application of QCA to Hochstetler’s data also yields new substantive insights into presidential challenges and falls that further bring into focus the distinctive strengths and weaknesses of qualitative and quantitative approaches.
L-Band Radio-Frequency Interference Observations During the SMAP Validation Experiment 2012

Radio-frequency interference (RFI) observations for L-band microwave radiometry during the SMAP Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) airborne campaign are reported in this paper. The soil moisture measurement campaign was conducted in summer 2012 near Winnipeg, MB, Canada, with additional RFI flights over Denver, CO, USA. The Passive Active L-Band sensor (PALS) radiometer of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was used with a full-bandwidth direct sampling digital backend to measure and store predetection data that is fully resolved in time and frequency. Overviews of SMAPVEX12 and the receiver and digital backend used to collect data are presented, along with the data processing techniques used for RFI detection. Properties of the observed RFI are examined and compared with the results of previous studies. Finally, implications of the results are explained considering current missions such as NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission.
Accuracy of the Barrett True-K formula for intraocular lens power prediction after laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy for myopia.

Purpose To compare the accuracy of the Barrett True-K formula with other methods available on the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) post-refractive surgery intraocular lens (IOL) power calculator for the prediction of IOL power after previous myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Setting Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and private practice, Mesa, Arizona, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods The accuracy of the Barrett True-K formula was compared with the Adjusted Atlas (4.0 mm zone), Masket, modified-Masket, Wang-Koch-Maloney, Shammas, and Haigis-L methods to calculate IOL power. A separate analysis of 2 no-history methods (Shammas and Haigis-L) was performed and compared with the Barrett True-K no-history option. Results Eighty-eight eyes were available for analysis. The Barrett True-K formula had a significantly smaller median absolute refraction prediction error than all other formulas except the Masket, smaller variances compared with the Wang-Koch-Maloney, Shammas, and Haigis-L, and a greater percentage of eyes within ±0.50 diopter (D) of predicted error in refraction compared with the Adjusted Atlas, Masket, and modified Masket methods (all P P Conclusion The Barrett True-K formula was either equal to or better than alternative methods available on the ASCRS online calculator for predicting IOL power in eyes with previous myopic LASIK or PRK. Financial Disclosures Dr. Barrett has licensed the Barrett True-K formula to Haag-Streit. Dr. Hill is a paid consultant to Haag-Streit and Alcon Surgical, Inc. None of the other authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Abstract 2676: Unusual binding of TMP in two different sites in the binary complex with the Q35S/N64F double mutant of human dihydrofolate reductase

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC In an effort to understand the role of specific active site residues in modulating the binding selectivity of inhibitors against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from different species, a series of single and double mutants of DHFR were made at positions 35 and 64 of human (h) DHFR. To explore sequence differences between human and the pathogenic organisms Pneumocystis carinii (pc) and Pneumocystis jirovecii (pj) DHFR, the causative agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) in patients with AIDS, kinetic data were measured for trimethoprim, used for treatment of AIDS-related pneumonia. Crystal structure data are reported for the Q35S/N64F double mutant of hDHFR as a binary complex with trimethoprim (TMP). These substitutions make the human enzyme resemble a cross between pjDHFR which has Ser/Ser at these positions and pcDHFR which has Lys/Phe at these sites. Kinetic data show enhanced affinity for the binding of TMP to this double mutant (Ki 604 nM) compared to wild type hDHFR (Ki 1757 nM). The Ki of TMP is 43 nM for pjDHFR and 222 nM for pcDHFR. Structural data for the binary complex of TMP with this double mutant of hDHFR revealed the unexpected binding of two copies of TMP; one bound in the normal binding site while the other occupies a shallow pocket different from that involved in binding the γ-glutamate of folate substrates or inhibitors. The trimethoxyphenyl ring of the second TMP makes a series of hydrophobic contacts with the trimethoxyphenyl ring of the first TMP and with the phenyl ring of residue F31 and the mutated F64 in this structure. Structural data for the binary complex of wild type hDHFR with TMP does not indicate such binding. The conformation of the two TMP in the double mutant complex differ significantly from each other and from that observed for the wild type hDHFR binary complex. Analysis of all DHFR TMP complexes reveals the bridge torsion angles fall into two broad ranges and the two TMP in the mutant hDHFR complex fall into the less populated group. These data suggest that the combination of hydrophobic contacts from the normal F31 in hDFHR and the mutant F64 provide a unique environment to create sufficient van der Waals contact energy to stabilize binding in this unusual site. Supported in part by NIH GM51670 (VC). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2676.
Toward a Theory of Intervention: The Limitations and Advantages of a Transnational Perspective

In a recent article, Mitchell ( 1970) sets forth a framework for the analysis of the problem of external intervention in civil strife. This cogent approach provides important insights into the special problem of intervention as well as into the more general problem of the international dimensions of internal violence. Mitchell's analysis represents another step forward in the effort to develop middle-range theory on this highly important phenomenon. Since his essay represents one of several attempts (Eley, 1970; Modelski, 1964; Rosenau, 1971, 1964) to develop theories on the international relations of internal wars, it seems appropriate to examine the general utility of Mitchell's analysis as a data-generating vehicle and as a theory-oriented framework. Mitchell's framework is designed to deal with the problem of intervention by external parties into situations of internal or domestic conflict. His purpose is to provide a framework which will generate data designed to explain external intervention, which is defined as "Any military action either within or outside the boundaries of a state with a high level of civil strife, which is calculated to affect favorably the situation of one or the other faction in that strife" (Mitchell, 1970: 169). He
Nerve Impulses from Receptors in the Cornea

The central portion of the human cornea yields, to any form of stimulation, only the sensation of pain. The reactions of laboratory mammals to stimulation of this field recapitulate those of the human. Therefore it may be inferred that the sensation evoked is likewise pain. The site thus offers the possibility of investigating the mechanism of this sense, unconfused by other modalities. To this end arrangements were made to amplify and record action potentials in the long ciliary nerves. In some experiments the active fibers of one of these nerves were reduced to 2 or 3. The animals, cats, were decerebrated, the second to sixth cranial nerves cut, and the ciliary ganglion removed. The stimulators employed included a set of von Frey needles (1/8 to 10 gm.), a corresponding set of hairs, a mechanical stimulator delivering prick of variable intensity, and blunt glass rods.The responses obtained from the cornea using these different instruments were essentially the same—trains of impulses of rapidly diminishi...
Relation between Coping Style and Barron's Ego Strength Scale:

66 college men and 61 women were asked how they coped with feelings of tension and depression and completed Barron's Ego Strength Scale. Ego strength was negatively correlated with coping by reliance on professionals. Men higher in ego strength were more likely to cope by analyzing the problem and taking direct action. Women were more likely to use escape (watching TV, making a trip). As expected, personal resources for coping were more limited for those lower in ego strength.
S2p⊆ZPPNP

We show that the class S"2^p is contained in ZPP^N^P. The proof uses universal hashing, approximate counting and witness sampling. As a consequence, a collapse first noticed by Samik Sengupta that the assumption NP has small circuits collapses PH to S"2^p becomes the strongest version to date of the Karp-Lipton Theorem. We also discuss the problem of finding irrefutable proofs for S"2^p in ZPP^N^P.
Designing Reliable Center Systems: A Vector Assignment Center Location Problem

The p-center problem is one of the most important models in location theory. Its objective is to place a fixed number of facilities so that the maximum service distance for all customers is as small as possible. This article develops a reliable p-center problem that can account for system vulnerability and facility failure. A basic assumption is that located centers can fail with a given probability and a customer will fall back to the closest nonfailing center for service. The proposed model seeks to minimize the expected value of the maximum service distance for a service system. In addition, the proposed model is general and can be used to solve other fault-tolerant center location problems such as the (p, q)-center problem using appropriate assignment vectors. I present an integer programming formulation of the model and computational experiments, and then conclude with a summary of findings and point out possible future work.
Grain-Filling Properties and Root Activity of Different Indica Rice Varieties

To explore grain-filling properties and root activity variation of different indica rice varieties in later stage,the variation of weight gain and root bleeding intensity of six indicated rice varieties after heading stage were studied.The results showed that the grain-filling speed presented a slow-fast-slow trend.The grain weight increased the fastest 10 days after heading and different varieties had various performance.Qianliangyou 58,Yinonghao and Qianyou 88 were of stage grouting phenomenon.The bleeding intensity maintained at a high level in the beginning of heading stage,decreased the fastest 15 days after heading,and decreased slowly 20 days later.The decrease of root bleeding intensity was not in accordance with grain weight gain.
Investigation on Method of Improving Precision for RF Simulation System

First an amendment method of system accuracy was put forward by calculating target with equivalent phase centre of antenna instead of mechanical position of antenna.At the very beginning, the principle of how RF simulation system works as a moving target was briefly described.Then the error of RF simulation system consisted with spherical antenna array was analyzed.Then in considering the total error coming from various errors integrated into the whole system, and according to actual experience in test and calibration, a system accuracy amendment method was proposed and verified by experiment at last.Results show that most of the system errors can be counteracted one another by combining electrical position of antennas to simulate the target, so the simulation accuracy has been improved.
The Generation and Selection of Single-Domain, V Region Libraries from Nurse Sharks

The cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, and rays) are the oldest phylogenetic group in which a human-type adaptive immune system and immunoglobulins (Igs) have been found. In addition to their conventional (heavy-light chain heterodimeric) isotypes, IgM and IgW, sharks produce the novel isotype, IgNAR, a heavy chain homodimer that does not associate with light chains. Instead, its variable (V) regions act as independent, soluble units in order to bind antigen. In this chapter, we detail our immunization protocol in order to raise a humoral IgNAR response in the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and the subsequent cloning of the single-domain V regions from this isotype in order to select antigen-specific binders by phage display.
Untargeted polar metabolomics of transformed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing varying levels of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1.

Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme found in almost all tissues. Expression of NAT1 is elevated in several cancers including breast cancer. However, the exact mechanism by which NAT1 expression affects cancer risk and progression remains unclear. This study explored polar metabolome differences between MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing varying levels of NAT1 activity using an untargeted approach. Three MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines that stably express wild-type, increased, and decreased levels of human NAT1 were investigated for differences in polar metabolic profile using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS) system. Increased levels of human NAT1 in the transformed cell lines resulted in a statistically significant decreased abundance of the metabolite palmitoleic acid (q = 0.0006), when compared to normal and decreased levels of human NAT1. The fatty acid synthesis pathway utilizes acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in the first two reactions of the pathway and eventually leads to the synthesis of palmitoleic acid. These data suggest a link between increased levels of NAT1 activity and decreased flux of acetyl-CoA through this portion of the fatty acid synthesis pathway.
‘The Huge Gun with Its One Blind Eye’: Scale and the War Poetry and Writings of Harriet Monroe

According to Nosheen Khan in Women’s Poetry of the First World War, the writing of women during the time between 1914 and 1918 is ‘a hitherto neglected part of the huge literature inspired by the war’ (l).1 Despite being an influential woman of this time period, Harriet Monroe presents us with one of those figures overshadowed by this tradition of ignorance.2 Khan’s choice of the adjective ‘huge’ and my use of the metaphor of shadow and light are most fitting here because they demonstrate one of the binary qualities prevalent in many considerations about the First World War and shown quite clearly in Monroe’s poetry and editorials. This issue is scale or what George Lakoff and Mark Turner call an ‘image-schema’ of ‘bounded’ (and therefore, unbounded) space. ‘A bounded space with an interior and an exterior,’ they tell us, ‘is an image, but an extremely skeletal and schematic image In physical domains, image-schemas have two roles. First, they provide structures for rich mental images.... Second, image schemas have an internal logic that permits spacial reasoning’ (97-9). In the framework of this consideration, the vastness of the First World War, the Great War, the war to end all wars, is coupled with the minuteness of peace wavering as a tiny speck of possibility in the distance of the future and a tiny speck of memory in the distance of the past. This pattern of scale can be found in many concerns at this time, particularly in reference to the place of women: the place of women during wartime, the place of women in the developing modernist literary tradition and the place of women’s work as artists, activists and employees.3 In the metaphorical context of scale, women’s experiences and voices were on the fringe of the great male war. Women were on the horizon while men were in the foreground. Scale is
Case 13: Blunt Upper Airway Trauma in a Patient with Recent Polysubstance Abuse

An 18-year-old man is an unrestrained driver who is rear-ended. He states that he hit his neck on the steering wheel and he has difficulty in swallowing. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck shows a fracture of the thyroid cartilage without other evidence of significant airway injury. An emergency operative examination under general anesthesia is planned with repair of the thyroid fracture followed by tracheostomy.
49-OR: DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST MICA ANTIGENS IN A COLLABORATION OF EIGHTEEN LABORATORIES

Aim Alloantibodies against MICA antigens are found in solid organ transplant recipients but MICA antibody test kits, available from different sources, produced markedly discrepant results. Therefore, a collaborative project was initiated in the 16 th International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Workshop. Methods Well characterized sera containing antibodies against MICA antigens were used in an effort to attain international agreement. Four shipments each consisting of four well documented sera were tested in 18 participating laboratories from 7 countries. Results From the beginning, positive/negative assignments were reported with essential agreement among the participating laboratories. There were considerable differences however, in the specificity of antibodies detected. These discrepancies appeared to be due mainly to the use of different MICA antibody kits manufactured by laboratories of four different suppliers. As a result of the reports provided, and modifications they stimulated, the comparison of results between laboratories improved in the second and third serum exchange. Finally, the results of the fourth serum exchange showed that a consensus has been almost reached among participating laboratories and the results obtained with MICA antibody testing kits produced by the four supplier laboratories became very similar. Conclusions International collaboration and the efforts of the participating laboratories contributed to the improvement in the detection of true MICA alloantibodies that was observed.
School as Community, Community as School: Examining Principal Leadership for Urban School Reform and Community Development:

For decades, reform has been a persistent issue in urban schools. Research suggests that urban school reforms that are connected to equitable community development efforts are more sustainable, and...
Sedimentation Effects on Triangular Short-Crested Flow-Measurement Weirs

AbstractFlow-measurement weirs in natural channels experience sedimentation. Removing accumulated sediment is often impractical, prohibitively expensive, or both. This paper describes the results o...
Time for the Sleep Community to Take a Critical Look at the Purported Role of Sleep in Memory Processing

We have previously presented a wealth of data refuting the proposal that memories are processed or consolidated in sleep. Our objections have been largely ignored, creating the impression that the hypothesized role for sleep in memory processing is an established fact rather than a highly controversial and unresolved issue. We briefly review the main arguments against a role for sleep in learning/memory.
Evolution of Agile Enterprise Architecture Innovation Practices: A Longitudinal Case Study

Agile Enterprise Architecture (EA) is the process of infusing and managing enterprise architecture modeling and redesign efforts with principles of agile methods such as iterations and lean thinkin...
Quantum dot solar cells

Quantum dot (QD)-based solar cells have been the subject of over two decades of research with the hopes of increasing their efficiency to surpass single junction solar cells. To date, no single working device has been developed that surpasses the efficiency of a single junction solar cell. Fundamental issues including unrealistic assumptions involved in theoretical work, tendency of stretching observed experimental results, and lack of both process and dimension control at nanoscale exist with QD-based solar cells making them unlikely to play a significant role in the manufacturing of future generations of PV modules. Silicon (Si)-based photovoltaics (PV) manufacturing will continue to provide sustained growth of the PV industry. This paper presents a review of the fundamental problems associated with QD-based solar cells.
Effects of melatonin treatment on the attainment of puberty in heifers.

This experiment determined the effect of treatment of 3- to 4-mo-old heifer calves with exogenous melatonin, in early summer, on the attainment of puberty the following spring. Hereford heifers, born between February 22, and March 16, were paired by age and BW and assigned at random within pair to receive an ear implant of melatonin (MEL, n = 12) or to serve as controls (C, n = 12). The implant period was 5 wk, starting June 10 at a mean age of 105 +/- 5 d and 134.4 +/- 3.5 kg BW. Puberty was evaluated the following year on four occasions: January 26, March 19, May 2, and June 1. One each date, rectal palpation of the ovaries was performed, blood samples were taken to assess concentrations of progesterone (P4), and BW was determined. Puberty was considered to have occurred when concentrations of P4 were greater than or equal to .5 ng/mL concomitant with a palpable corpus luteum (CL), or when concentrations of P4 were greater than or equal to 1 ng/mL and a CL was present on the next date. At implant removal, concentrations of melatonin in plasma collected at 1000 to 1400 were 69.5 +/- 6.3 and 16.7 +/- 2.4 pg/mL for MEL and C heifers, respectively. On that and subsequent occasions, neither BW nor ADG differed between MEL and C heifers. Treatment with melatonin increased the incidence of heifers pubertal by the second observation date (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Indian vehicle ownership and travel behavior: A case study of Bengaluru, Delhi and Kolkata

Abstract India's vehicle fleet and travel behaviors will have enormous consequences to the world's economy and environment. This study developed a survey for over 1000 residents of India (or Indians) on topics of vehicle ownership and travel behavior in the key cities of Bengaluru (India's “Silicon Valley”), Kolkata (India's third most-populous metro area, formerly known as Calcutta) and Delhi (India's capital city). The data were then used to model vehicle ownership and use decisions, and other trip-making choices in those three regions, versus other parts of India. Covariates of personal income, household size and residence location were all found to be statistically and practically significant 1 in models of vehicle distances traveled. A multinomial logit model was used to predict vehicle types owned (including motorized two-wheel and four-wheel vehicles), and a Poisson model was used for vehicle ownership counts. Income and other household assets were also valuable predictors. An origin model for vehicle manufacture was also calibrated to help deliver future-year projections. The results suggest that the vehicles-per-person statistic will grow at an average annual growth rate of 5.7% over the next 20 years – at least in the regions of sampled data.
Teaching about aphasia: speech-language pathology students’ perceptions of different instructional techniques

Background: Speech-language pathology (SLP) instructors are deeply invested in innovative, evidence-based methods for teaching future clinicians about aphasia. In medicine and allied health educati...
Bioenergetic Differences in the Airway Epithelium of Lean Versus Obese Asthmatics Are Driven by Nitric Oxide and Reflected in Circulating Platelets

Aims: Asthma, characterized by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness, is more severe and less responsive to treatment in obese subjects. While alterations in mitochondrial function and redox signaling have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis, it is unclear whether these mechanisms differ in lean versus obese asthmatics. In addition, we previously demonstrated that circulating platelets from asthmatic individuals have altered bioenergetics; however, it is unknown whether platelet mitochondrial changes reflect those observed in airway epithelial cells. Herein we hypothesized that lean and obese asthmatics show differential bioenergetics and redox signaling in airway cells and that these alterations could be measured in platelets from the same individual. Results: Using freshly isolated bronchial airway epithelial cells and platelets from lean and obese asthmatics and healthy individuals, we show that both cell types from obese asthmatics have significantly increased glycolysis, basal and maximal respiration, and oxidative stress compared with lean asthmatics and healthy controls. This increased respiration was associated with enhanced arginine metabolism by arginase, which has previously been shown to drive respiration. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also upregulated in cells from all asthmatics. However, due to nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in obese asthmatics, overall nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was decreased, preventing NO-dependent inhibition in obese asthmatic cells that was observed in lean asthmatics. Innovation and Conclusion: These data demonstrate bioenergetic differences between lean and obese asthmatics that are, in part, due to differences in NO signaling. They also suggest that the platelet may serve as a useful surrogate to understand redox, oxidative stress and bioenergetic changes in the asthmatic airway.
Picture Theory in Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy

In what has preceded we have seen how the diverse literary sources of Wittgenstein’s works have been reponsible for the various strains and stresses in it and how these, in turn, have given rise to some of the curious theories associated with linguistic philosophy. But although Wittgenstein managed to reconcile these diverse strains no more successfully than those who succeeded him, seeing his work against its historical and literary background has enabled us to see better why, in his case, it did not and could not succeed. It also enabled us to see how he might have come to think that he did.
Exceptions to the rule: Novel retrospective analysis of a single-center institution of the PSMA PET/CT modality.

e14625Exceptions to the Rule: Using Pathology as a Gold Standard to Evaluate the Sensitivity of PSMA PET/CT Modality. Background: The experience with the novel Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT imaging and its lim...
Turker Tales: Integrating Tangential Play into Crowd Work

While past work has admirably supported crowd workers in improving their work performance, we argue that there is also value in designing for enjoyment untied from work outcomes--- what we call "tangential play.'' To this end, we present Turker Tales, a Google Chrome extension that uses tangential play to encourage crowd workers to write, share, and view short tales as a side activity to their main job on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Turker Tales introduces a layer of playful narrativization atop typical crowd work tasks in order to alter workers' experiences of those tasks without aiming to improve work efficiency or quality. Using speed-dating (N=12) and a pilot test (N=150) to inform our design, we deployed Turker Tales over one week with 171 participants, receiving 1,096 tales and 1,527 ratings of those tales. We found that our system of tangential play brought to light underlying conflicts (such as unfair working conditions), and provided a space for participants to reveal aspects of themselves and their shared experiences. Through Turker Tales, we critically reflect on the roles of researchers, designers, and requesters in crowd work, and the ethics of incorporating play into crowd work, and consider the implications of the paradigm we introduce both as a method of research through design and as a direction for design to support crowd workers.