cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple-indicator fiber-optic sensor for high-resolution pCO2 sea water measurements

Abstract A multiple-indicator fiber-optic sensor was employed to detect low level CO 2 changes in sea water. p K a values of these indicator systems at high ionic strength were determined, and the bicarbonate concentrations were added as calculated by the Henderson-Hassellbach equation. The 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid (HCA)— meta -Cresol Purple (MCP) indicator system provides a resolution of 7 μg ml −1 CO 2 in the 200–800 μg ml −1 CO 2 range, the CO 2 range of sea water.
Construction of a polynomial model of glacio-eustatic fluctuation: Estimating paleo-sea levels continuously through time

Sea-level curves for the late Quaternary are typically reconstructed with data from reef tracts and terraces preserved along actively uplifting coastlines, recording highstands, and in some cases lowstands, of the world9s oceans through time. As a result, sea-level curves reconstructed from these data are fixed at the maxima (highstands) and minima (lowstands), but either make no predictions about the intervening time or use arbitrary or free-hand methods of interpolation. These curves fail to meet the need of many applications of sea-level data for continuous, quantitative information. A new method for calculating sea levels during intervening times produces a polynomial expression of sea level through time. LaGrange polynomial interpolation is used to fit a series of fourth-order equations to existing data of late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations, producing a systematic and realistic model of continuous sea-level elevations with time. The method is germane to any and all models of sea level based on discrete data points. Here the model advanced by Bloom et a1. is reexamined, and a new polynomial model which estimates eustatic sea levels continuously in the range 0-140 ka is developed from the Huon data. The method includes an error-analysis procedure that accounts for the effects of error in radiometric dates and theodolite measurements in the original data set, and extrapolates this error through the continuous model. Polynomial form and error estimation are indispensible to rigorous quantitative applications of sea-level data and supplant less-rigorous methods used to approximate sea level and rates of sea-level rise.
RestFS: resources and services are filesystems, too

We have designed and implemented RestFS, a software framework that provides a uniform, configurable connector layer for mapping remote web-based resources to local filesystem-based resources, recognizing the similarity between these two types of resources. Such mappings enable programmatic access to a resource, as well as composition of two or more resources, through the local operating system's standard filesystem application programming interface (API), scriptable file-based command-line utilities, and inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms. The framework supports automatic and manual authentication. We include several examples intended to show the utility and practicality of our framework.
Does Gender Composition Affect Group Decision Outcomes? Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment

There are good reasons to expect that greater proportions of women in decision making bodies shape decision making in important ways that are not fully considered in the current literature. In the present study, a conceptual framework is presented that differs significantly from other explanations for gendered group decision making. Data from an original laboratory experiment offers support for the hypothesis that group outcomes will vary based on gender composition due to differing process strategies used by men and women. These data illuminate how gender diversity in decision making bodies is likely to shape policy making, as well as enhance our understanding of how policymaking is itself gendered.
Effect of processing parameters on the physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of respirable brittle matrix powders

Thin film freezing (TFF) was employed to produce brittle matrix powders, capable of forming into respirable low-density particles upon aerosolization. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of processing parameters in the TFF process on the physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of the resulting formulations. TFF formulation produced at the higher freezing rate (cryogenic surface temperature: -140 °C) showed greater specific surface area, higher porosity and lower density, compared to the TFF formulation prepared at the intermediate freezing rate (cryogenic surface temperature: -50 °C) and slow freezing rate (slow freezing on the shelf of -40°C). All of these enhanced properties induced by faster freezing rate further contributed to an increased fine particle fraction (FPF) of the obtained formulations. Moreover, an increasing trend of FPF was observed for these TFF powders when the initial solid concentration was reduced, probably due to the enhanced brittleness. The variation of the freezing rate and initial solid loading in the TFF process enabled the production of formulations with tailored physicochemical properties and brittleness, leading to improved aerodynamic performance.
Alcohol and drug interactions with antianxiety medications

The benzodiazepine anxiolytics are effective drugs that offer significant safety advantages over the pharmacologic treatments of anxiety that preceded them. However, problems still remain with the benzodiazepines, including their potential interactions with a variety of central nervous system depressant medications. This article reviews drug-drug interactions for an effective new non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic, buspirone. To date, the data indicate that this drug does not potentiate the effects of measured amounts of alcohol and is less likely than diazepam to increase the number of side effects observed with a variety of prescription and over-the-counter drugs. When administered concomitantly on a short-term basis, buspirone does not seem to either potentiate or interfere with the effects of short- or long-acting benzodiazepine hypnotics.
From Latin America to Africa: Defining the “World Revolution” in The Black Panther

Throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, the Black Panther Party offered an alternative discourse to the Civil Rights Movement, primarily using Black power rhetoric, Black nationalism and internationalism, and Marxist-Leninist revolutionary politics. This article provides a historical analysis of the Party's international news coverage, published between 1967 and 1970, in its newspaper The Black Panther Black Community News Service. Although previous literature has largely analyzed the Party's use of print media, less work has analyzed how the Party's newspaper became a tool for internationalizing the U.S. Black Power Movement (BPM), immediately following the launching of The Black Panther. An analysis of the newspapers’ first 3 years of publication locates the 1960s BPM within a global movement focusing on both race and class struggle. Although there is little evidence that suggests the newspaper had a significant effect on fostering an international BPM, its existence is important. This article shows how th...
Initial experiences with PACS in a clinical and research environment

The installation of a local area network of microcomputers, workstations, archival storage devices, and digital acquisition modalities is the first step taken by the Radiology Department at the University of Florida toward a comprehensive picture archival and communications system (PACS). The system meets the following requirements, identified during the initial planning and design stage: (1) It allows the connection of heterogeneous equipment from multiple vendors. (2) It is modular and can be extended and modified. (3) It uses current technology with the option to upgrade when improved methodologies are available. (4) It maintains a database of all patient studies/images archived, including those on optical disks not currently mounted in a disk drive. (5) The database can be customized to match specific requirements. (6) ACR-NEMA commands and headers combined with TCP/IP protocols allow access to images by different types of workstations for display and evaluation. In addition to the clinical operation, the network allows communication among microcomputers and research workstations, allowing extended access to images on the archive. The authors discuss their early experience with the system, including design requirements and performance measures.
Analysis and Control VSC-HVDC under Unbalanced AC Conditions

In VSC-HVDC configuration, the core of the controller is the inner current controller. The capability of current controller determines the VSC-HVDC performance under unbalanced AC conditions. In this paper three different control systems with different current controllers for VSC-HVDC have been investigated and compared by PSCAD/EMTDC under unbalance conditions of the grid voltage. The simulation results show that the current controller designed by only considering positive-sequence components (VCC1), the negative-sequence current appears in system, and the DC-link voltage is affected by an oscillation at double the power frequency; by feeding the controller only the positive-sequence components as well as forward feeding negative-sequence components of grid voltage (VCC2), the response is improved, negative-sequence current and DC-link voltage ripple all decrease; the dual current controller (DVCC) where both voltages and currents are separated into positive and negative-sequences components namely VCC3 has a good performance to deal with unbalanced system.
LAF1 ubiquitination by COP1 controls photomorphogenesis and is stimulated by SPA1

Far-red light regulates many aspects of seedling development, such as inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and the promotion of greening, acting in part through phytochrome A (phyA). The RING motif protein COP1 is also important because cop1 mutants exhibit constitutive photomorphogenesis in darkness. COP1 is present in the nucleus in darkness but is gradually relocated to the cytoplasm upon illumination. Here we show that COP1 functions as an E3 ligase ubiquitinating both itself and the myb transcription activator LAF1, which is required for complete phyA responses. In transgenic plants, inducible COP1 overexpression leads to a decrease in LAF1 concentrations, but is blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. The coiled-coil domain of SPA1, a negative regulator of phyA signalling, has no effect on COP1 auto-ubiquitination but facilitates LAF1 ubiquitination at low COP1 concentrations. These results indicate that, in darkness, COP1 functions as a repressor of photomorphogenesis by promoting the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of a subset of positive regulators, including LAF1. After the activation of phyA, SPA1 stimulates the E3 activity of residual nuclear COP1 to ubiquitinate LAF1, thereby desensitizing phyA signals.
Phase conjugation using gain saturation of a Nd : YAG laser

Phase conjugation by nonlinear mixing using local gain saturation of a Nd : YAG laser has been demonstrated. Since the laser itself is used as a nonlinear conjugator, no additional nonlinear medium is needed. In principle, any laser can be used for this purpose since laser gain saturation is inherent to all lasers. The maximum conversion efficiency measured was 0.1%.
KASHing up with the nucleus: novel functional roles of KASH proteins at the cytoplasmic surface of the nucleus

Nuclear-cytoskeletal connections are central to fundamental cellular processes, including nuclear positioning and chromosome movements in meiosis. The cytoskeleton is coupled to the nucleoskeleton through conserved KASH-SUN bridges, or LINC complexes, that span the nuclear envelope. KASH proteins localize to the outer nuclear membrane where they connect the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. New findings have expanded the functional diversity of KASH proteins, showing that they interact with microtubule motors, actin, intermediate filaments, a nonconventional myosin, RanGAP, and each other. The role of KASH proteins in cellular mechanics is discussed. Genetic mutations in KASH proteins are associated with autism, hearing loss, cancer, muscular dystrophy and other diseases.
Prophylactic oophorectomy for ovarian cancer

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Strategies for risk modifications must begin with an accurate assessment of risk factors, the most important of which is family history. Approximately 10% of ovarian cancer is related to familial syndromes, including hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome, otherwise known as Lynch syndrome type II. Individuals at high-risk for ovarian cancer may avail themselves of several methods to attempt to decrease their chances for developing ovarian cancer, including chemoprophylaxis, intensive cancer surveillance, and prophylactic oophorectomy, though surgery remains the most effective prevention method currently available.
The problem of plagiarism

Plagiarism is a form of research misconduct and a serious violation of the norms of science. It is the misrepresentation of another's ideas or words as one's own, without proper acknowledgement of the original source. Certain aspects of plagiarism make it less straightforward than this definition suggests. Over the past 30 years, the U.S. Federal Government has developed and refined its policies on misconduct, and Federal agencies, as well as research institutions, have established approaches to responding to allegations and instances of plagiarism. At present, efforts to avert plagiarism focus on plagiarism-detection software and instructional strategies.
Active high-resolution multiple-target direction finding

The problem of high-resolution direction finding is investigated specifically for active systems. The objectives are to improve the estimation performance and to reduce the implementation complexity of a direction-finding system by incorporating the waveform information available in an active system. Models for the array outputs of an active direction-finding system are formulated based on the waveform information of the transmitted signals. Two methods, the active-channel-efficient (ACE) method and the focus-and-add (FAA) method, are proposed. Both of them are shown to perform better than the direct application of the existing methods developed for passive systems. The ACE method is capable of using fewer coherent receiver channels than required by the existing methods. The results of computer simulations are included to demonstrate the capability of these two methods. >
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung cancer: preclinical and clinical data

Lung cancer leads cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most prevalent subtype of this recalcitrant cancer, is usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and available systemic therapies are mostly palliative. The probing of the NSCLC kinome has identified numerous nonoverlapping driver genomic events, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations. This review provides a synopsis of preclinical and clinical data on EGFR mutated NSCLC and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Classic somatic EGFR kinase domain mutations (such as L858R and exon 19 deletions) make tumors addicted to their signaling cascades and generate a therapeutic window for the use of ATP-mimetic EGFR TKIs. The latter inhibit these kinases and their downstream effectors, and induce apoptosis in preclinical models. The aforementioned EGFR mutations are stout predictors of response and augmentation of progression-free survival when gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are used for patients with advanced NSCLC. The benefits associated with these EGFR TKIs are limited by the mechanisms of tumor resistance, such as the gatekeeper EGFR-T790M mutation, and bypass activation of signaling cascades. Ongoing preclinical efforts for treating resistance have started to translate into patient care (including clinical trials of the covalent EGFR-T790M TKIs AZD9291 and CO-1686) and hold promise to further boost the median survival of patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC.
Institutional carriers: reviewing modes of transporting ideas over time and space and considering their consequences

Institutions are defined as systems composed of regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive elements that act to produce meaning, stability and order. Institutional elements move from place to place and time to time with the help of carriers. Four types of carriers are distinguished--symbolic systems, relational systems, routines, and artifacts--and two of these--symbolic and relation systems--are described and illustrated. It is argued that carriers are not neutral vehicles but have important effects on the elements transmitted. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
Towards control of dexterous hand manipulations using a silicon Pattern Generator

This work demonstrates how an in silico Pattern Generator (PG) can be used as a low power control system for rhythmic hand movements in an upper-limb prosthesis. Neural spike patterns, which encode rotation of a cylindrical object, were implemented in a custom Very Large Scale Integration chip. PG control was tested by using the decoded control signals to actuate the fingers of a virtual prosthetic arm. This system provides a framework for prototyping and controlling dexterous hand manipulation tasks in a compact and efficient solution.
Distinguishing between depression and dementia in the elderly: a review of neuropsychological findings.

Abstract Distinguishing between cognitive deficits seen in depression and progressive dementing, diseases is complex and often difficult clinically. We review recent neuropsychological studies comparing normal elderly individuals, depressed patients, and patients with progressive dementias. Findings from these studies suggest that the distinction between depression and dementia is fairly straightforward and facilitated by neuropsychological evaluation. Data from neuroimaging studies of depressed elderly are reviewed and integrated with the neuropsychological findings. A descriptive scheme for categorizing elderly patients is proposed. It is suggested that the label “pseudodementia” be discarded in favor of more thorough description of cognitive deficits associated with various clinical presentations.
Long-term shifts in the phenology of rare and endemic Rocky Mountain plants

UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Mountainous regions support high plant productivity, diversity, and endemism, yet are highly vulnerable to climate change. Historical records and model predictions show increasing temperatures across high elevation regions including the Southern Rocky Mountains, which can have a strong influence on the performance and distribution of montane plant species. Rare plant species can be particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their limited abundance and distribution.• METHODS We tracked the phenology of rare and endemic species, which are identified as imperiled, across three different habitat types with herbarium records to determine if flowering time has changed over the last century, and if phenological change was related to shifts in climate.• KEY RESULTS We found that the flowering date of rare species has accelerated 3.1 d every decade (42 d total) since the late 1800s, with plants in sagebrush interbasins showing the strongest accelerations in phenology. High winter temperatures were associated with the acceleration of phenology in low elevation sagebrush and barren river habitats, whereas high spring temperatures explained accelerated phenology in the high elevation alpine habitat. In contrast, high spring temperatures delayed the phenology of plant species in the two low-elevation habitats and precipitation had mixed effects depending on the season.• CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for large shifts in the phenology of rare Rocky Mountain plants related to climate, which can have strong effects on plant fitness, the abundance of associated wildlife, and the future of plant conservation in mountainous regions.
Biomorphic circuits and systems: Control of robotic and prosthetic limbs

Rhythmic motions of lower and upper limb prostheses for patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) and amputees can be controlled and modulated using silicon neurons, designed in very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, that mimic pattern generation circuits found in the human spinal cord. Furthermore, synchronized patterns with arbitrarily phase delays, can easily be implemented using this technology. This allows locomotory gaits of any kind to be programmed in silico to control bipedal robotic locomotion. We argue that it is possible to use these circuits to control hand movements in prosthetic upper limbs using the same approach: the neuronspsila oscillatory behavior can trigger rhythmic movements that can be started or stopped at any phase, thus enabling the production of discrete movements in upper limb prosthesis. The bold endeavor of discovering an all-encompassing solution for control of upper and lower limbs will open up new perspectives in the fields of both robotics and prosthetics. In the process of doing so, we have shown how to successfully decode myoelectric signals from able bodied subjects and a transradial amputee, and how the technology developed is suitable for real-time applications, particularly multi-DoF upper limb prostheses. The systems developed in this work have been validated on different platforms dependent on the type of prosthesis required. For lower limb prostheses, a bipedal robot with servomotors actuating its hips and knees was used to prototype walking motions generated by silicon neurons. Upper limb (finger) control was achieved on a Virtual Integration Environment (VIE), developed by JHU's Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL), characterized by real-time processing and visualization of any upper limb motion.
The Impact of Slavery on Racial Inequality in Poverty in the Contemporary U.S. South

Despite Civil Rights legislation, racial inequality persists, especially in the context of poverty. This study advances the literature on racial inequality and the Southern legacy of slavery by examining slavery's relationship with inequality in poverty. I analyze county-level U.S. Census data using regression and spatial data analysis techniques. I find the 1860 slave concentration is related to contemporary black-white inequality in poverty, independent of contemporary demographic and economic conditions, racialized wealth disparities and racial threat. My research suggests the importance of slavery for shaping existing U.S. racial inequality patterns. Insights derived from this research, including the formulation of legacy as a place-based, continuous phenomenon that is distinct from racial threat, provide the basis for future research on legacy's mechanisms.
Loss of resistin ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient mice

Resistin has been linked to components of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. We hypothesized that resistin deficiency would reverse hyperlipidemia in genetic obesity. C57Bl/6J mice lacking resistin [resistin knockout (RKO)] had similar body weight and fat as wild-type mice when fed standard rodent chow or a high-fat diet. Nonetheless, hepatic steatosis, serum cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion were decreased in diet-induced obese RKO mice. Resistin deficiency exacerbated obesity in ob/ob mice, but hepatic steatosis was drastically attenuated. Moreover, the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, and glucose were reduced in ob/ob-RKO mice. The antisteatotic effect of resistin deficiency was related to reductions in the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and VLDL export. Together, these results demonstrate a crucial role of resistin in promoting hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia in obese mice.
3D imaging of Sox2 enhancer clusters in embryonic stem cells

Stem cells in an embryo have the potential to become any type of cell in the body. When a cell begins to specialize, it loses this ability and can only become a limited number of cell types. These transitions are caused by changes in gene expression. Proteins called transcription factors bind to DNA to switch different genes on or off as cells become specialized. One such transcription factor, called Sox2, binds to particular DNA sequences in the cell's nucleus to encourage nearby genes to be expressed at the right levels and keep a stem cell unspecialized. However, how these binding sites are positioned throughout the three-dimensional space inside the nucleus was unknown, as was the likelihood of Sox2 finding and binding to these sites. Now Liu et al. have taken advantage of advanced microscopes to observe the interaction between Sox2 and its binding site in the nucleus of living embryonic cells. This three-dimensional imaging technology is powerful enough to capture images of individual molecules; and Liu et al. attached fluorescent tags to Sox2 to make it easier to watch them in action. By making a series of time-lapse movies, it was revealed that instead of being evenly scattered in the nucleus, Sox2's binding sites are grouped together to form individual clusters; these clusters preferably occupy spaces in the nucleus that are likely enriched for active genes. Liu et al. suggest that the clustering of Sox2 binding sites makes it more difficult for a Sox2 protein to find these sites at first, but much easier to find when the Sox2 protein is near to the cluster. Thus, the uneven positioning of the binding sites for transcription factors may provide an additional layer of control over gene expression. In the future, it would be important to map Sox2's binding sites while visualizing the activities of single genes in living cells. This would improve our understanding of how the structural organization of the contents of the nucleus can influence the correct timing of specific patterns of gene expression.
Synthesis and receptor assay of aromatic-ethynyl-aromatic derivatives with potent mGluR5 antagonist activity.

Abstract Noncompetitive antagonists of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) have been implicated as potential therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of nervous system disorders, including pain, anxiety, and drug addiction. To discover novel noncompetitive antagonists to the mGluR5, we initiated an SAR study around the known lead compounds MPEP and M-MPEP. Our results pointed out the critical role of the para position of the two aromatic rings, which leads to inactive products and permitted the discovery of potent mGluR5 antagonists (e.g., 16, 25, 28, 34 IC50 = 13.5, 11.9, 21, 15 nM, respectively).
Weapon ontology annotation using boundary describing sequences

This paper presents an approach to identify a weapon from a single image using a weapon ontology. Ontological nodes selected by experts store convex hull (CH) sequences for their descendants, whereas the ontological leafs are labeled with object boundary sequences. The latter are generated from object boundary vertices, while the CH sequences are generated from objects' CHs. The object's boundary and CH are extracted by an active contour model. Ontology search is performed top-down using cyclic sequence alignment, which provides a scaling and rotational invariant matching. Experimental results are given to validate the theory, and the paper concludes with a list of contributions and discussion.
Implementation and performance evaluation of TCP Boston: a fragmentation-tolerant TCP protocol for ATM networks

In this paper we overview the implementation of TCP Boston-a novel fragmentation-tolerant transport protocol, especially suited for ATM's 53-byte cell-oriented switching architecture. TCP Boston integrates a standard TCP/IP protocol, such as Reno or Vegas, with a powerful redundancy control mechanism based on AIDA-an adaptive version of Rabin's IDA dispersal and reconstruction algorithms. Our results show that TCP Boston improves TCP/IP's performance over ATMs for both network-centric metrics (e.g., effective throughput) and application-centric metrics (e.g., response time).
Minimally invasive knee arthroplasty: An overview

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for arthroplasty of the knee began with surgery for unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). Partial knee replacements were designed in the 1970s and were amenable to a more limited exposure. In the 1990s Repicci popularized the MIS for UKA. Surgeons began to apply his concepts to total knee arthroplasty. Four MIS surgical techniques were developed: quadriceps sparing, mini-mid vastus, mini-subvastus, and mini-medial parapatellar. The quadriceps sparing technique is the most limited one and is also the most difficult. However, it is the least invasive and allows rapid recovery. The mini-midvastus is the most common technique because it affords slightly better exposure and can be extended. The mini-subvastus technique entirely avoids incising the quadriceps extensor mechanism but is time consuming and difficult in the obese and in the muscular male patient. The mini-parapatellar technique is most familiar to surgeons and represents a good starting point for surgeons who are learning the techniques. The surgeries are easier with smaller instruments but can be performed with standard ones. The techniques are accurate and do lead to a more rapid recovery, with less pain, less blood loss, and greater motion if they are appropriately performed.
Deformations and Strains Surrounding Weldments Using Moire Interferometry

Research on surface deformation and strain fields surrounding flawed and intact weldments will be reviewed. The principal tool of investigation will be moire interferometry. Experimental results will be compared with existing computational solutions. Three material systems will be presented. A 304 stainless steel butt weld with a nickel filler containing diffusion bond line cracks, a 9-2 1/4 chrome K weldment containing a chromium depletion zone and a commercially pure (CP)/6A1-4V titanium diffusion bond with and without cracks. Issues such as field mixity due to heterogeneous materials, asymptotic field analysis for elastoplastic interface cracks and slip band instability emanating from a diffusion bond line will be addressed.
Critical Information Literacy Within the El Centro College Psychology Curriculum

A critical information literacy model centers libraries within the curriculum where students find, evaluate and use information in order to conduct successful research (Swanson, 2011). This report documents the process by which the El Centro College (Dallas County Community College District) librarians and the psychology faculty collaborated in bringing information and research skills into the psychology curriculum. The sessions included (a) the research process of finding articles in professional psychology journals, (b) instruction on creating references using NoodleTools ™ (an integrated tool for note-taking, outlining, and building references), and (c) how to write in American Psychological Association (APA) style. The integration of the library sessions within the classroom setting of team teaching with the instructor suggests an ideal opportunity for educators to enhance the academic, research, and information literacy education for all students.
Rapid Solidification: Selective Laser Melting of AlSi10Mg

Rapid movement of the melt pool (at a speed around 1 m/s) in selective laser melting of metal powder directly implies rapid solidification. In this work, the length scale of the as-built microstructure of parts built with the alloy AlSi10Mg was measured and compared with the well-known relationship between cell size and cooling rate. Cooling rates during solidification were estimated using the Rosenthal equation. It was found that the solidification structure is the expected cellular combination of silicon with α-aluminum. The dependence of measured cell spacing on calculated cooling rate follows the well-established relationship for aluminum alloys. The implication is that cell spacing can be manipulated by changing the heat input. Microscopy of polished sections through particles of the metal powder used to build the parts showed that the particles have a dendritic-eutectic structure; the dendrite arm spacings in metal powder particles of different diameters were measured and also agree with literature correlations, showing the expected increase in secondary dendrite arm spacing with increasing particle diameter.
Team Cognition and Reframing Behavior: The Impact of Team Cognition on Problem Reframing, Team Dynamics and Design Performance

As designers collect information about a problem, they form a mental frame of the problem space that is the scaffolding around which to build a solution. When presented with new information, successful designers can “reframe” the problem and the solution as part of a successful iterative cycle. These iterative cycles are central to the Stanford Design Thinking process. However, individuals and teams reframe to differing extents; is this variation rooted in intrinsic differences in cognitive style, and can it be associated with long-term innovative performance? We propose and evaluate a closed-form assessment tool called the Stanford Design Thinking Exercise (SDTE) to answer these questions. The results shed light on the particularly strong need for improved team dynamics measurements and the challenges of transcending context-specificity. Pathways for enhanced team dynamics measurements are explored.
Two-Stage Determinants of the Organic Food Retailing Landscape: The Case of Manhattan, New York

ABSTRACTRetail sales of organic food products have been increasing faster than any other category of food and have penetrated mainstream retail grocery outlets. The majority of the literature on organic markets explores the socioeconomic characteristics of consumers, linking these traits to the probability of buying organic food, and it suggests that access to organic food is an important but overlooked factor in such studies. More recently, research focusing on food retailer marketing strategies for organic food finds that traditional strategies such as price promotions are largely unsuccessful with increasing sales for the organic food consumer. This article focuses on the retailer decision to offer organic food for sale. We model the decision as a two-stage process, where the retailer’s first decision is whether to sell organic food, and the second decision determines how many different organic products to offer for sale. In doing so, by using data collected in stores, we assess the organic food retail...
The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender girls in juvenile justice systems

Recent research finds that youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) are disproportionately incarcerated in juvenile justice systems. These systems have paid little attention to this subgroup in terms of their unique needs and risk factors. Using a feminist perspective, we analyze in-depth interviews with juvenile justice staff to better understand their perceptions about working with these youth. We examine the challenges for staff, for facilities, and for the girls, as well as consider staff recommendations for changes in policies or programs that are needed to support girls who identify as LGBT. Language: en
Comparing Various Methods of Predicting Development of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, in Northern Minnesota

Two climatological and two phenological methods for predicting spray application dates were compared. These were: degree-hour temperature summation, day-degree temperature summation, actual shoot growth of balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and 15% of shoot growth of balsam fir. Because the degree-hour method predicted the date of the peak of the 3rd instar precisely in each of 4 years, it was considered the more accurate method. On the other hand, the day-degree method was never more than 1 day off from the peak of the 3rd instar and was much easier to calculate; it was therefore deemed the more practicable method. Both phenological methods were less accurate and more variable.
A Passionate Misunderstanding: Orwell's Paris, Miller's China

ABSTRACTOne of the most famous essays in the sociology of intellectuals, “Inside the Whale” (1940), has been commonly understood as an anomaly: by endorsing Henry Miller's quietism in the face of world-scale disaster, George Orwell seemed to waver from his otherwise exemplary political commitment, later confirmed by famous books such as Animal Farm and 1984. A close look at the essay's literary career, however, suggests that Orwell might have misread Miller's work, in particular Tropic of Cancer (1934), and engagement with the genealogy and rhetoric of “Inside the Whale” sheds light on Orwell's passionate misunderstanding of the American author's footloose, rootless existence in Paris, that he was too eager to identify with his own experiences of voluntary destitution, recorded only a few years before in Down and Out in Paris and London (1933). This essay revisits “Inside the Whale” and the two books that marked the beginning of Orwell's and Miller's acquaintance, spelling out the nature of their aestheti...
Maturation of the male pales weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) reproductive system and its effect on male response to females

Male pales weevils, Hylobius pales (Herbst), were sexually immature upon emergence from their pupal cells. During the first 2 wk of adult life the concentration of sperm bundles in the testes increased, and a lumen containing a granular material began to form in the accessory glands. Most individuals had active sperm when 2 wk old. Four-week-old males had a large concentration of sperm bundles, numerous active sperm, and accessory glands entirely filled with a granular material. During mating trials 3- to 6-d-old (prereproductive) males did not transfer sperm to either reproductive or prereproductive females. Twenty percent of the 11- to 15-d-old (incipient reproductive) males transferred some sperm to reproductive females, but no sperm was transferred to prereproductive females. Eighty-five percent of the 4-wk-old (reproductive) males transferred sperm to reproductive females. The quantity of sperm transferred was quite variable. Seventy percent of the reproductive males transferred small amounts of sperm to prereproductive females. Female receptivity may influence the amount of sperm transferred by reproductive males.
Switching and Negative Capacitance in Thin Amorphous SiC-Si Heterojunction Diode

The heterojunction diode of amorphous SiC-pSi with barrier contacts in which the interface layer, a-SiC, is much less than 100 nm and contains considerable defect densities, exhibited bistable switching with memory. Either state was maintained over weeks without bias. A high-impedance state switched to a low-impedance state with the transient on-state when a threshold voltage was exceeded. After application of current pulses, a low-impedance switched to a high-impedance state. In C-V Measurement, novel negative capacitance phenomenon in the entire bias range which has not been reported yet was demonstrated. Experimental results show that this negative capacitance is due to the inductive reactance. This phenomenon presents the possibility of replacing inductor even at zero bias.
Hot and dense matter beyond relativistic mean field theory

Properties of hot and dense matter are calculated in the framework of quantum hadrodynamics by including contributions from two-loop (TL) diagrams arising from the exchange of isoscalar and isovector mesons between nucleons. Our extension of mean field theory (MFT) employs the same five density-independent coupling strengths which are calibrated using the empirical properties at the equilibrium density of isospin-symmetric matter. Results of calculations from the MFT and TL approximations are compared for conditions of density, temperature, and proton fraction encountered in the study of core-collapse supernovae, young and old neutron stars, and mergers of compact binary stars. The TL results for the equation of state (EOS) of cold pure neutron matter at sub- and near-nuclear densities agree well with those of modern quantum Monte Carlo and effective field-theoretical approaches. Although the high-density EOS in the TL approximation for cold and $\ensuremath{\beta}$-equilibrated neutron-star matter is substantially softer than its MFT counterpart, it is able to support a $2{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ neutron star required by recent precise determinations. In addition, radii of $1.4{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ stars are smaller by $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ km than those obtained in MFT and lie in the range indicated by analysis of astronomical data. In contrast to MFT, the TL results also give a better account of the single-particle or optical potentials extracted from analyses of medium-energy proton-nucleus and heavy-ion experiments. In degenerate conditions, the thermal variables are well reproduced by results of Landau's Fermi-liquid theory in which density-dependent effective masses feature prominently. The ratio of the thermal components of pressure and energy density expressed as ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{th}}=1+({P}_{\mathrm{th}}/{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{th}})$, often used in astrophysical simulations, exhibits a stronger dependence on density than on proton fraction and temperature in both MFT and TL calculations. The prominent peak of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ at supranuclear density found in MFT is, however, suppressed in TL calculations. This outcome is analogous to results of nonrelativistic models when exchange contributions from finite-range interactions are included in addition to those of contact interactions.
The performance and carcass composition responses of finishing swine to a range of porcine somatotropin doses in a 1-week delivery system.

Four experiments using 580 barrows and 580 gilts (Study 1) and seven experiments using 500 barrows and 500 gilts (Study 2) were conducted at various geographical locations in the United States to determine the dose response of a pelleted form of porcine somatotropin (pST) relative to ADG, feed/gain (F/G), and percentage of carcass protein. Average initial weights for Studies 1 and 2 were 67.6 and 72.6 kg, respectively, and four pigs/pen were slaughtered when they achieved weights of 106.5 to 111.0 kg. In Study 1, pigs were implanted subcutaneously with pelleted pST doses of 0, 12, 24, 36, or 48 mg/wk and self-fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 13.75% CP. Study 2 included two control groups self-fed a diet containing either 13.75 or 17% CP with added lysine. The pST-treated pigs were administered 12, 24, or 36 mg/wk, and all were offered the 17% CP diet. The pST treatments in Study 1 resulted in a linear reduction (P less than .05) in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and a quadratic (P less than .05) improvement in F/G and percentage of carcass protein. The pST treatments in Study 2 resulted in a linear reduction in ADFI (P less than .05), a linear improvement in F/G, and a quadratic increase in the percentage of carcass protein (P less than .05). Average daily gain was not affected in either study with this form of pST. The greatest increase in efficiency of lean gain was observed with the 36-mg dose for both Study 1 (9.4%) and Study 2 (10.8%). In Study 1, the force required to shear cores of the longissimus muscle was increased linearly with pST treatment (P less than .05). There was a similar linear increase in Study 2 with pST treatment (P less than .05); however, there was also an effect of sex (P less than .05) on shear force (gilts greater than barrows) that was similar in magnitude to that observed for pST treatment. Differences in sensory evaluation because of pST were minor and of the same magnitude as those observed between barrows and gilts. It was therefore concluded that weekly administration of pST improved F/G and percentage of carcass protein with no detrimental effects on palatability of cooked lean pork.
Risk of hospitalization due to motor vehicle crashes among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans diagnosed with traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) was deemed the 'signature injury' of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars (OEF/OIF/OND). Civilians with severe TBI have increased risks of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Little is known about MVC risk among Veterans with TBI, many of whom incurred TBIs that were mild in severity. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between TBI and MVC-related hospitalizations among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans who use Veterans Health Administration (VA) healthcare. METHODS: Using national VA data, we identified 277,330 Veterans who enrolled in VA within one year of deployment. MVC, TBI, and other diagnoses were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. We estimated risk of subsequent MVC hospitalization for those with, versus without, TBI using time-to-event analyses. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while controlling for potential confounders, including psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS: There were 28,551 Veterans diagnosed with TBI; 130 were subsequently hospitalized for MVC. In adjusted models, those with TBI were four times more likely to be hospitalized for MVC than those without (HR = 4.2; CI = 3.3-5.3). CONCLUSION: Veterans with TBI had substantially greater risk of MVC-related hospitalizations. These Veterans may benefit from enhanced driving safety interventions to reduce risk. Language: en
A dyadic Green's function representation of fields near a convex impedance surface

Summary form only given. Asymptotic methods have been widely used to evaluate inter-antenna electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between aircraft-mounted antennas in cases where the aircraft exterior surfaces can be considered to exhibit perfect conductivity. In other cases, the asymptotic methods have proven less attractive owing, to a significant degree, to the unavailability of a Green's function suitable for representing creeping-ray fields on or near surfaces which are not perfect conductors. Such a Green's function is supplied here for the case of a simple impedance boundary condition.
Rosuvastatin reduced major cardiovascular events in patients at intermediate cardiovascular risk

Source Citation Yusuf S, Bosch J, Dagenais G, et al; HOPE-3 Investigators. Cholesterol lowering in intermediate-risk persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2021-31. 27040132
Managerial Control Ratios: Applications and Extensions

While the preceding five chapters have focused primarily on the concepts, adjustment patterns and decision-making issues relating to productivity and costs, it has also been shown that effective appraisal of these major sub-systems may be integrated into the larger analytical framework represented by the managerial control ratio approach introduced in Chapter 2. Before exploring still further possible extensions of this approach, however, it may be helpful to recall its primary objectives and to illustrate some of the applications which may prove useful.