cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous hepatic venous drainage into the left atrium: an unusual cause of hypoxemia

A 50-year-old woman with life-long hypoxemia and digital clubbing had a transient ischemic attack at age 47, without identifiable vascular or cardioembolic source. Extensive work-up revealed a 20% anatomic shunt (while breathing 100% oxygen) and evidence of an intrapulmonary shunt (an agitated saline, contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiogram showed bubbles in the left atrium and in 3 of the 4 visualized pulmonary veins) but without evidence of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, intrapulmonary arteriovenous malformations, or any intracardiac shunt. She had the congenital anomalies of cleft palate and lip and inferior vena caval interruption with azygos continuation, and anomalous hepatic venous drainage into the left atrium. In keeping with the sparse evidence of 12 previously reported patients with anomalous hepatic-venous-to-left-atrial drainage, the intrapulmonary shunt was believed to result from the diversion of hepatic venous blood from the pulmonary circulation. Surgical correction of the anomalous drainage and restoration of hepatic venous drainage into the right atrium immediately improved oxygenation, and follow-up contrast-enhanced echocardiography 3 months after the surgery showed resolution of the associated intrapulmonary shunt. This case extends the sparse available evidence with this unusual combination of congenital anomalies, reminds clinicians to consider unusual causes of right-to-left shunt and of paradoxical embolization, and invites clarification of the mechanism by which anomalous hepatic venous drainage into the left atrium allows reversible intra-pulmonary right-to-left shunt.
Postpartum 'missing pieces': sequela of a passing obstetrical era?

ABSTRACT: Of 70 women interviewed 24 to 74 hours postpartum, six described events during childbirth as confusing and six identified ‘missing pieces’(17% total). The latter six defined missing pieces as external events related to the use of technological equipment and directions from others. Those who said they were confused but experienced no feeling of missing pieces described global events, such as losing track of time. The incidence of confusion and missing pieces was only a fraction of the percentage Affonso reported in 1977 (90%), perhaps because mindaltering medication is used less frequently today than it was in 1977 or because women are better educated about modern management of labor and delivery.
Disregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the mentally retarded.

Previous reports of cognitive and social improvement in the mentally retarded after administration of MSH/ACTH fragments suggested disregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The current study examined the integrity of this system with the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST). The DST is a biological index of HPA integrity and recently has been used as a diagnostic aid for endogenous depression. Thirty-five mentally retarded patients were administered 1 mg of dexamethasone just after a sample of blood was taken. Blood samples were analyzed for cortisol by RIA at 11:00 p.m. (basal), 8:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and 10:00 p.m. Between 40% and 48% (depending on sampling) of the patients failed to suppress cortisol (greater than 4 micrograms/dl), after the DST challenge. The results suggested that a significant proportion of mentally retarded patients have a DST index reflecting a disordered HPA axis and complements earlier studies of cognitive enhancement observed after treatment with MSH/ACTH fragments. The possibility that the stress of hospitalization was related to a disordered HPA was suggested. The possible co-existence of depression in the mentally retarded invites further study.
Evidence for resonance and absorption effects in positron-atom differential elastic scattering

This review focuses on recent positron-atom elastic differential cross section (DCS) measurements which reveal evidence that interference effects may be occurring between the elastic and inelastic scattering channels. These effects appear as (1) absorption effects which are observable in relative elastic DCSs by the “washing out” of structure in the DCS versus angle as the positron energy is increased above the positronium formation threshold, and (2) a new type of resonance-like structures at intermediate energies (well above the normal inelastic thresholds) that have been observed in absolute elastic DCS measurements when plotted at a fixed scattering angle versus energy. A discussion is provided of possibly relevant information on positron-atom scattering that also indicates that coupling is occurring between various scattering channels.
Complex pleural effusion associated with a subphrenic gallstone phlegmon following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A 90-year-old man presented with a large right-sided complex pleural effusion 4 months after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An initial thoracic CT scan confirmed the presence of the effusion, and the results of thoracentesis on three separate occasions were consistent with an exudative process. Another CT scan of the chest with thin-section cuts through the diaphragm along with an abdominal ultrasound revealed a retrohepatic subdiaphragmatic gallstone collection that eroded into the right hemidiaphragm. Thoracoscopic evacuation of the phlegmon, removal of the spilled gallstones, and repair of the diaphragm resulted in resolution of the effusion.
A catalytic study of formic acid oxidation on preferentially oriented platinum electrodes

The oxidation of formic acid was examined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in order to determine the rate of catalytic activity (reaction turnover) as a function of surface crystallography on preferentially oriented (electrochemically modified) platinum electrodes. The resulting turnover rates indicated a maximum fourfold current enhancement for an approximately 60% (111)-oriented surface versus a polycrystalline surface, suggesting that preferentially oriented electrodes are of potential practical significance.
Reflection-Extended-X-Ray-Absorption-Fine-Structure Spectroscopy at the Carbon K-Edge

The carbon K-edge Reflection-Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (refl-EXAFS) spectra from graphite, diamond and glassy carbon have been investigated. There is good phase shift transferability between the two well-known bonding types in diamond and graphite, provided that appropriate inner potential corrections to the K-edge energy E. are made. The model spectra from diamond and graphite were used to investigate the nature of glassy carbon. It was found that, for the particular form of glassy carbon used in this study, the bonding more closely resembled sp3 than sp2. This result is preliminary pending our evaluation of the influence of surface oxygen.
Limitations of MIC as the sole criterion in antimicrobial drug dosage regimen design: the need for full characterization of antimicrobial pharmacodynamic profile especially for drug-resistant organisms.

IntroductionThe public health community is increasingly concerned aboutthe emergence of untreatable diseases due to infections causedby resistant pathogenic bacteria. Increasing the dose can overcomeresistance to some extent, but a point is reached when the requireddose is no longer practical, safe or affordable. The disease is thenconsidered untreatable, unless an alternative effective antimicro-bial with a different mechanism of action is available. This latteroption is becoming increasingly scarce as bacteria develop resis-tance to multiple antimicrobial drugs, and the pipeline of newdrugs runs dry. As a result, veterinarians are limited in their op-tions for the treatment of bacterial disease in their animal patients,particularly food-producing animals, as the use of antimicrobialsbecomes restricted in these species to ensure the continued efﬁ-cacy of the drugs in human patients.The conventional measure of a target pathogen’s sensitivity toan antimicrobial drug is the minimum concentration that will inhi-bit visible growth in vitro after overnight incubation (MIC). Stan-dard procedures for determining MICs are well described and arebased on exposure of bacterial cultures to serial dilutions of anti-microbial concentrations (Andrews, 2001). Strains of target bacte-ria are then classiﬁed as susceptible, intermediate or resistantbased on the value of the MIC, with resistant strains having MICsthat are too high to be clinically treatable with the tested antimi-crobial (Sirot et al., 2008). The values of the MIC that places a strainin one of these three categories are based on recommendations bynational committees such as CLSI
Determination of the activity of sulfadiazine against Besnoitia darlingi tachyzoites in cultured cells.

The present study examined the efficacy of sulfadiazine in inhibiting tachyzoite production of Besnoitia darlingi in bovine turbinate cell cultures. A host cell lesion based assay was used to determine the effect of sulfadiazine on developing tachyzoites in 24-well plate format. Also, a cell culture flask assay was used to determine if the selected concentrations of sulfadiazine killed or only suppressed the development of B. darlingi. Sulfadiazine inhibited B. darlingi tachyzoite production by 50%, 66%, 84%, and 92% in cultures treated with 1.0 µg ml−1, 2.5 µg ml−1, 5.0 µg ml−1, and 7.5 µg ml−1, respectively. At least 99% inhibition of tachyzoite production was observed when infected cultures were treated with 10 µg ml−1 sulfadiazine. Cultured host cells exposed to 10 µg ml−1 sulfadiazine showed some signs of toxic changes. Sulfadiazine may have promise as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of other Besnoitia spp. The methods described for drug evaluation were rapid, inexpensive and allowed the concurrent assessment of the drug against the parasite and its cytotoxic effect.
The Moral Psychology of Watergate.

As evidenced in their Senate testimony and other public statements nearly all members of the Nixon team seem to have reasoned at stages 3 and 4 as measured by Kohlberg's sequence of moral development. Indeed, many of the acts of the Watergate participants were “right” or at least “permissible” when viewed from the perspective of these stages. Survey responses of 370 persons not involved in Watergate demonstrate that those who reasoned at stages 3 and 4 agreed with the decisions of the participants more often than did their stage 5 counterparts. This was true regardless of their having supported either Nixon or McGovern. It is concluded that Watergate resulted, in part, because the situational pressures to “win at all costs” were particularly appealing to the stage 3 and 4 persons who comprised the leadership of the Nixon administration.
Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Molecular Composition

Outdoor smog chamber photooxidations to determine the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, p-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in sunlight-irradiated hydrocarbon−NO_x mixtures are reported. Gas-phase mechanisms leading to the observed products are proposed. Unsaturated anhydrides (2,5-furandione, 3-methyl-2,5-furandione, 3-ethyl-2,5-furandione) are predominant components of aerosol from all the aromatics, an observation that is consistent with gas-phase aromatic mechanisms involving ring fragmentation. Saturated anhydrides were also detected in significant quantities, which could result from the hydrogenation of the furandiones in sunlight in the particle phase.
Standard free energy for the hydrolysis of adenylylated T4 DNA ligase and the apparent pKa of lysine 159.

Equilibrium constants for the adenylylation of T4 DNA ligase have been measured at 10 pH values. The values, when plotted against pH, fit a titration curve corresponding to a pK a of 8.4 ± 0.1. The simplest interpretation is that the apparent pK a is that of the 6-amino group of the AMP-accepting residue Lys159. Based on the pH dependence of the equilibrium constants, the value at pH 7.0 is 0.0213 at 25 °C, corresponding to ΔG′o = +2.3 kcal mol−1. From this value and the standard free energy change of –10.9 kcal mol−1 for the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi, we calculate that ΔG′o for the hydrolysis of the adenylyl-DNA ligase is –13.2 kcal mol−1. The presence of conserved basic amino acid residues in the catalytic domain, which are proximal to the active site in the homologous catalytic domain of T7 DNA ligase, suggests that the pK a of Lys159 is perturbed downward by the electrostatic effects of nearby positively charged amino acid side chains. The lower than normal pK a 8.4 compared with 10.5 for the 6-amino group of lysine and the high energy of the α,β-phosphoanhydride linkage in ATP significantly facilitate adenylylation of the enzyme.
Development of orientation columns via competition between ON- and OFF-center inputs.

Development of orientation-selective receptive fields in primary visual cortex of higher mammals can occur through activity-dependent competition between ON-center and OFF-center inputs. This competition yields orientation and spatial-frequency-selective `simple cells' if the dark activity of ON (or OFF)-center inputs is best correlated with that of other ON (or OFF)-center inputs at small retinotopic separations and with that of OFF (ON)-center inputs at larger separations. Features of cat and monkey cortical organization emerge, including continuous and periodic arrangement of preferred orientation across the cortex. A new feature, systematic variation of receptive field spatial phase, is predicted. Experimental tests of this hypothesis are proposed.
New developments in current-transformer design

VERY noteworthy progress has been made in recent years in the design of current transformers for medium and high voltages. Previously most current transformers were designed and built according to the same general practices as a small power transformer, and its size, weight, and general appearance was that of a conventional transformer. The latest current transformers, described below, scarcely resemble their prede-cessors — their weight, size, etc., are but a small fraction of the older designs. A comparison of the principal data of two current transformers — one designed in 1929 and the other of recent development — may be of interest (table I).
Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccination and Infection Stress in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract The stress response following intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a non-adjuvant Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in cultured warmwater Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, has not been investigated. Further, little or no information is available on stress following S. agalactiae infection and what effect, if any, vaccination has on susceptibility to infection. The objective of this study was to develop preliminary information on the associations between vaccination, stress, and infection. Blood glucose levels were used to evaluate stress in the fish at different time intervals following vaccination and challenge with S. agalactiae. Blood glucose levels were measured in vaccinates and controls at 0, 2, 6, 24 hours, and 28 days post-immunization (0 hours pre-challenge), and at 2,6, 24,48,72, and 312 hours following challenge with 1.5 × 104 colony forming units (CFU) of S. agalactiae/fish. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed only in association with the injection of the vaccin...
Genetic and phenotypic variations of inherited retinal diseases in dogs: the power of within- and across-breed studies

Considerable clinical and molecular variations have been known in retinal blinding diseases in man and also in dogs. Different forms of retinal diseases occur in specific breed(s) caused by mutations segregating within each isolated breeding population. While molecular studies to find genes and mutations underlying retinal diseases in dogs have benefited largely from the phenotypic and genetic uniformity within a breed, within- and across-breed variations have often played a key role in elucidating the molecular basis. The increasing knowledge of phenotypic, allelic, and genetic heterogeneities in canine retinal degeneration has shown that the overall picture is rather more complicated than initially thought. Over the past 20 years, various approaches have been developed and tested to search for genes and mutations underlying genetic traits in dogs, depending on the availability of genetic tools and sample resources. Candidate gene, linkage analysis, and genome-wide association studies have so far identified 24 mutations in 18 genes underlying retinal diseases in at least 58 dog breeds. Many of these genes have been associated with retinal diseases in humans, thus providing opportunities to study the role in pathogenesis and in normal vision. Application in therapeutic interventions such as gene therapy has proven successful initially in a naturally occurring dog model followed by trials in human patients. Other genes whose human homologs have not been associated with retinal diseases are potential candidates to explain equivalent human diseases and contribute to the understanding of their function in vision.
A simple, high-yield method for obtaining multipotential mesenchymal progenitor cells from trabecular bone

In vitro cultures of primary, human trabecular bone-derived cells represent a useful system for investigation of the biology of osteoblasts. Our recent discovery of the multilineage mesenchymal differentiation potential of trabecular bone-derived cells suggests the potential application of these cells as mesenchymal progenitors for tissue repair and regeneration. Such applications are crucially dependent on efficient cell-isolation protocols to yield cells that optimally proliferate and differentiate. In this study, we describe a simple, high-yield procedure, requiring minimal culture expansion, for the isolation of mesenchymal progenitor cells from human trabecular bone. Moreover, these cells retain their ability to differentiate along multiple mesenchymal lineages through successive subculturing. Cell populations isolated and cultured as described here allow the efficient acquisition of a clinically significant number of cells, which may be used as the cell source for tissue-engineering applications.
Multiscale Analysis of Biological Signals

Complex systems often generate highly nonstationary and multiscale signals, due to nonlinear and stochastic interactions among their component systems and hierarchical regulations imposed by the operating environments. The further advances in the fields of life sciences, systems biology, nano-sciences, information systems, and physical sciences, have made it increasingly important to develop complexity measures that incorporate the concept of scale explicitly, so that different behaviors of the signals on varying scales can be simultaneously characterized by the same scale-dependent measure. Here, we propose such a measure, the scale-dependent Lyapunov exponent (SDLE), and develop a unified theory of multiscale analysis of complex data. We show that the SDLE can readily characterize low-dimensional chaos and random 1/f α processes, as well as accurately detect epileptic seizures from EEG data and distinguish healthy subjects from patients with congestive heart failure from heart rate variability (HRV) data. More importantly, our analyses of EEG and HRV data illustrate that commonly used complexity measures from information theory, chaos theory, and random fractal theory can be related to the values of the SDLE at specific scales, and useful information on the structured components of the data is also embodied by the SDLE.© 2011 ASME
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Due to an Intraneural Perineurioma in a 2-Year-Old Child

We report a 2-year-old girl with carpal tunnel syndrome due to a large intraneural perineurioma that required resection and nerve reconstruction.
Sexuality: a quality-of-life issue for cancer survivors.

Objectives To provide an overview of the broad, multidimensional construct of sexuality addressing physiologic, psychological, and social dimensions. Data Sources Research articles, abstracts, standards of care, international reports. Conclusion Multiple insults to the physiologic, psychological, and social dimensions of sexuality can occur following the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The incidence of altered sexuality in cancer survivors is high, long lasting, and can diminish the quality of life of both the cancer survivor and the sexual partner. Additional research is needed to address these alterations. Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses and other health care professions can begin to help cancer survivors adapt to changes in sexuality related to cancer and cancer treatment by initiating a discussion of sexuality at the time of diagnosis and throughout the trajectory of disease.
8.3.1 The Macro Risk Model: An Early Warning Tool for Software‐Intensive Systems Projects

The Macro Risk Model is a tool for early detection and quantification of project risks associated with Software-Intensive Systems (SIS). It has been calibrated and validated against detailed case studies. Structured questions guide a user in rating evidence and risk impacts with respect to critical project success factors. It provides color-coded risk exposures, and allows for rationale and supporting artifacts. This paper describes the model and the basis of its risk evaluation methods, it reviews case studies of NASA exploration mission failures with respect to the model, it discusses a Delphi consensus-seeking process that was used to analyze factors affecting model accuracy and to calibrate the model, and compares the model to other risk approaches.
AUTOMATIC SCANNING AND MEASUREMENT OF BUBBLE CHAMBER FILM ON POLLY II.

Abstract An exposure of 600 000 hydrogen bubble chamber pictures of 2.3 GeV/ c p p interactions in the 30-inch Argonne-MURA chamber is being scanned and measured for 2, 4, 6 and 8 prong interactions by POLLY II, a computer-controlled CRT device. The performance of the automatic scanning and measuring is assessed on the basis of the first 160 000 events processed. The control program searches for beam tracks and finds interactions without prescanning. It digitises the tracks, measures bubble density and outputs master point information ready for direct input to the geometrical reconstruction program. The operator is an integral part of the system and is available to give assistance when required. Film is processed at 70–100 events per hour.
Whither Deliberation? Mass e-Mail Campaigns and U.S. Regulatory Rulemaking

Abstract Mass e-mail campaigns are the organizational tool of choice for environmental activists seeking to inform and mobilize their constituencies. Some democratic theorists and reformers pin their hopes for more responsive and informed government policy on Internet-enhanced dialogue and debate. Electronic advocacy campaigns and action alerts are changing the nature and scope of public deliberation in contentious federal rulemaking. This paper examines the new digital landscape of electronic rulemaking through a case study of the recent mercury rulemaking at the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results are presented from an effort to code a sample of 1,000 e-mails selected at random from a dataset of approximately half a million. Particular attention is paid to the unique additions made to form letters.
Nonequilibrium interlayer transport in pulsed laser deposition.

We use time-resolved surface x-ray diffraction measurements with microsecond range resolution to study the growth kinetics of pulsed laser deposited ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. Time-dependent surface coverages corresponding to single laser shots were determined directly from crystal truncation rod intensity transients. Analysis of surface coverage evolution shows that extremely fast nonequilibrium interlayer transport, which occurs concurrently with the arrival of the laser plume, dominates the deposition process. A much smaller fraction of material, which is governed by the dwell time between successive laser shots, is transferred by slow, thermally driven interlayer transport processes.
Tertiary sea level symposium—Introduction

Abstract Eleven papers making up the Tertiary Sea Level Symposium (spring 1967) are presented herewith. Their combined effect is to produce a “first approximation”, Tertiary history of sea level involving a more-or-less steady drop, of 70–100 m, beginning about the middle of Miocene time. This history requires a careful reconsideration of identifications of high marine terraces as having been formed in the Quaternary Period. The concept of possible glacio-eustatic oscillations, in the Tertiary, is explored in one paper. Data from Antarctica and the surrounding ocean show that a major influence on Miocene and later sea levels was the advent of extensive glaciation.
A Conceptual exploration of participation. section III: Utilitarian perspectives and conclusion

This is the third section of an article (each published in subsequent regular issues of EPAT) that explores the concept of participation. Section I: Introduction and Early Perspectives grounds our exploration of participation and explores definitions and early perspectives of participation we have identified as ‘historically original’ and ‘philosophical’. Section II: Participation as Engagement in Experience—An Aesthetics Perspective is a continuation of our conceptual exploration of participation that digs into the world of aesthetics. Finally, Section III: The Utilitarian Perspective and Conclusion focuses on utilitarian meanings of participation from political and international development perspectives. Collectively, these sections focus on the meaning and deconstruction of the term, participation. By bringing attention to gradations in meaning, we hope to raise awareness of the superficial use of participation that is reflected in much of the educational literature and highlight possibilities that mor...
Radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

Objectives To explore the advancements in radiation therapy for patients with breast cancer. To review the side effects associated with radiation therapy to the breast. Data Sources Medical and nursing journals and texts. Conclusion Advances in technology and a shift in the paradigm used to treat breast cancer are leading to newer and accelerated methods of treatment. APBI has gained increased attention and is the subject of numerous clinical trials. Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses must be aware of the technical aspects associated with new technology and the rationale and implications associated with its use. The focus for nurses working in radiation therapy continues to be patient education and side effect management. Nurses must understand the ramifications such treatment entails so as to provide optimal care.
Start-up procedure for three-phase six-switch boost PFC rectifier

In three-phase applications, the six-switch boost PFC rectifier is the most widely employed topology because of its good performance and cost effectiveness. A vast amount of literature that deals with this circuit is exclusively focused on various control schemes aimed at optimizing different aspects of its steady-state and/or transient performance. However, no literature is available on its start-up procedure which is an indispensable part of control design of any practical circuit. To fill this gap, in this paper, a detailed start-up procedure is described. This three-step start-up procedure ensures that the inrush currents stay below a specified level and that the output voltage increases monotonically to its reference value, i.e., it does not exhibit any overshoot. The proposed start-up procedure is illustrated with Matlab/Simulink simulation waveforms and also experimentally verified.
CONE COLOR POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATION IN WHITE FIR, ABIES CONCOLOR, IN SOUTHERN COLORADO'

Morphological variation in color of female cones in white fir, Abies concolor, is postulated to have adaptive value. The purple variant is only found in one part of the range of white fir where it grows at high elevations. In addition, the frequency of purple cones increases with increasing elevation, suggesting a thermoregulatory function for the purple variant in the cold habitats found at high elevations. Temperature measurements support this hypothesis: purple cones attain higher internal temperatures than do green cones of comparable size. Cone diameter may, in fact, be correlated with cone color but definitive evidence is lacking. Alternative hypotheses are offered which may also be important in maintaining the presence of the purple variant at high elevations. It is suggested that other characters associated with purple cones may place them at a competitive disadvantage at lower elevations. ADAPTIVE COLORATION in animals has received serious consideration by several au
Going direct to market: The influence of exchange conditions

When faced with the strategic choice of going direct to market versus the opinion of using intermediaries, a firm is posited to evaluate the benefits to customers from going direct to market, and the transaction costs involved in using intermediaries. In this paper, we discuss how these evaluations might differ depending upon the microcharacteristics of the exchange domain. Based on these theoretical considerations, specific propositions are offered regarding the conditions under which firms might rely more heavily on direct channels. These propositions are tested by conducting a cross-sectional empirical analysis using a large sample of manufacturing firms operating in diverse exchange domains. We also control for the impact of macrolevel environmental characteristics, as well as firm-level characteristics that may influence the direct to market decision. Our empirical results confirm that customer benefits and transaction costs are important considerations in going direct to market
The Fertilization Layer Mediated Block to Polyspermy inXenopus laevis:Isolation of the Cortical Granule Lectin Ligand

Abstract The fertilization layer of Xenopus laevis eggs is formed by the cortical granule lectin binding to its ligand. The binding requires Ca 2+ , is specific for galactose, and functionally establishes a block to polyspermy at fertilization. We have designed a new enzyme-linked lectin assay for the cortical granule lectin (CGL) ligand which can detect the presence of the CGL ligand at a sensitivity of 1–2 ng/ml. This assay is specifically inhibited with galactose, 50% inhibition at 9.9 m M , and produces a linear response between 2 and 20 ng of jelly adsorbed to the microtiter plate. Using this assay, the CGL ligand was purified through gel filtration, anion-exchange, and CGL affinity chromatography. Hydrolysis of the purified CGL ligand with a series of exoglycosidases showed that a terminal α-galactose is the ligand structure required for recognition by CGL.
Dibaryons as chiral solitons

Abstract In the chiral model with three or more flavours, there are topological excitations which can be interpreted as dibaryon states. They correspond to the six-quark states found by Jaffe in the quark model. In this paper we discuss the quantum mechanics, masses and quantum numbers of these states in detail. We also discuss the ambiguities in the quantization of such soliton solutions which arise when only the collective coordinates are quantized.
Effect of ultra-low Pt loading on mass activity of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

The mass activity is intensively used as characterization parameters for evaluation of the effectiveness of the cathode catalyst in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this work, the dependence of mass activity on platinum loading was studied at the cathode. The results indicated that the mass activity and the utilized electrochemical surface area of the catalyst are not independent of the catalyst loading. The electrochemical specific surface area (ECSA) and the mass activity increase as the loading is decreased. The increase of the ECSA is attributed to the increase of the utilization of the catalyst. The commonly applied Tafel-approximation cannot be used to fit the result because the mass activity is controlled not only by RΩ and the ORR kinetics, but also the utilization of the catalyst, which in turn depends on catalyst loading, the structure of the catalyst layer, the degree of agglomeration, and screening of the catalyst particles. A detailed and more precise definition of mass activity (MA) is given to elucidate the variation of MA with catalyst loading.
The composition of bladder bile and the histological pattern of the gallbladder and liver of the sea cow

Abstract 1. 1. The bladder bile of Dugong dugon contains three modern C 24 bile acids including cholic, deoxycholic and chenodeoxychloic acids. 2. 2. The concentrations of cholesterol, bile acids and lecithin in the bladder bile of this species are low when compared to other mamals; however, the bile acid to cholesterol molar concentration ratios are adequate to hold the cholesterol present in solution. 3. 3. The histological structure of the gallbladder and liver is similar to that of other mammals.
Associative logic for logic network implementation

This paper will cover a development, using bipolar design, capable of implementing combinational or sequential, multi-level, multiple-output, LSI logic networks containing over 100 gates. Ten circuit blocks, each comprising a logic matrix and an amplifier section, are used. Approach is based on Si monolithic Schottky technology resulting in die area of approximately 24,000 square mils.
AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION OF PAPAIN A Reinvestigation

The reinvestigation of the affinity chromatographic method of purifying papain has been carried out. It has been reported that papain could be purified by taking advantage of the affinity of the enzyme for the insolubilized peptide inhibitor, agarose-Gly-Gly-Tyr(Bz)-Arg. Using pure tetrapeptide obtained commercially and standard coupling procedures, a significant purification of papain could not be achieved. Both active and nonactivatible enzyme bound to a column prepared in this manner were eluted together by the use of deionized water. An affinity medium with properties similar to those reported by Blumberg et al. was obtained by removal of the benzyl group on tyrosine prior to coupling with agarose. The deprotected tetrapeptide was also synthesized by an independent route and inhibition constants for the binding of the protected and deprotected tetrapeptide to papain were determined in kinetic experiments.
Interporous hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute in tibial plateau fractures

The metaphyseal defects in 40 patients with displaced tibial plateau fractures necessitating surgical repair were filled with either cancellous autograft or interporous hydroxyapatite. Roentgenographic and clinical assessments at follow-up periods averaging 15.4 months (autograft) and 34.5 months (hydroxyapatite) demonstrated no significant differences in the two groups. Interporous hydroxyapatite is a safe, effective alternative to autogenous cancellous bone for the filling of metaphyseal defects associated with tibial plateau fractures.
Impulsivity and Alcohol Involvement: Multiple, Distinct Constructs and Processes

Of all the personality traits associated with problematic alcohol involvement, traits related to impulsivity appear to show the most robust relations to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. This article reviews both seminal articles that focus on broadband measures of impulsivity and newer research linking more specific impulsivity-related traits to the development and course of problematic alcohol involvement, with a specific focus on self-report measures of impulsivity-related traits. Specifically, empirical support for different theoretical models that account for the overlap between impulsivity-related traits and problematic alcohol involvement is discussed, including current limitations of existing research. Recent studies suggest that specific impulsivity constructs relate to distinct aspects of alcohol-related behavior. Further, there is emerging evidence that problematic alcohol use and impulsivity-related traits are dynamically related, such that changes in these constructs appear to correlate during specific developmental periods. We close by discussing potential research directions that may provide increased clarity in understanding the impulsivity-alcohol relation.
Synthesis and characterization of a semiflexible liquid crystalline polyester with a broad nematic region

Abstract In this paper, we report on the synthesis and detailed characterization of a new semiflexible nematic liquid crystalline polyester which could serve as a ‘model’ polyester for a variety of physical and physico-chemical investigations. The polymer is a nematic liquid over a wide temperature range–from the glass transition temperature at ∼95°C to the isotropic transition at ∼240°C. We expect this polyester to be particularly useful for studying the effect of flow on the orientation of liquid crystalline polymers, as well as the production and removal of disclinations.
Human thalamic and amygdala modulation in emotional scene perception

Emotional scene perception is associated with enhanced activity in ventral occipitotemporal cortex and amygdala. While a growing body of research supports the perspective that emotional perception is organized via amygdala feedback to rostral ventral visual cortex, the contributions of high-order thalamic structures strongly associated with visual attention, specifically the mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar, have not been well investigated. Here we sample the activity of amygdala, MDN, pulvinar, and extrastriate ventral visual regions with fMRI as a group of participants view a mixed series of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant natural scenes, balanced for basic perceptual characteristics. The results demonstrate that all regions showed enhanced activity during emotionally arousing relative to neutral scene perception. Consistent with recent research, the latency of emotional discrimination across subcortical and visual cortical regions suggests a role for the amygdala in the early evaluation of scene emotion. These data support the perspective that higher order visual thalamic structures are sensitive to the emotional value of complex scene stimuli, and may serve in concert with amygdala and fusiform gyrus to modulate visual attention toward motivationally relevant cues.
Early Lexical Characteristics of Toddlers With Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective: To examine development of early expressive lexicons in toddlers with cleft palate to determine whether they differ from those of noncleft toddlers in terms of size and lexical selectivity. Design: Retrospective. Patients: A total of 37 toddlers with cleft palate and 22 noncleft toddlers. Main Outcome Measures: The groups were compared for size of expressive lexicon reported on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory and the percentage of words beginning with obstruents and sonorants produced in a language sample. Differences between groups in the percentage of word initial consonants correct on the language sample were also examined. Results: Although expressive vocabulary was comparable at 13 months of age for both groups, size of the lexicon for the cleft group was significantly smaller than that for the noncleft group at 21 and 27 months of age. Toddlers with cleft palate produced significantly more words beginning with sonorants and fewer words beginning with obstruents in their s...
Getting Clipped: Denial and Masculinity Politics in the 2002 US Senate Race in Montana

This essay analyzes a political commercial and the controversy it engendered in October of 2002, during the final stretch of a race for US Senate in Montana. Arguing that the spot sought to make him appear to be a homosexual, Republican challenger Mike Taylor withdrew from the race and appealed to the public to condemn the message and its producers. The producers of the spot, those who sought to reelect Democratic Senator Max Baucus, rejected Taylor's interpretation and denied that they intended to slander the challenger. We seek to understand why the interpretation of the spot's beneficiaries emerged with integrity despite the obvious nature of the spot's accusation and the reasonable expectation that the message would be condemned by progressive communities. We contend that the spot employs strategic ambiguity to both portray Taylor as gay and insulate the spot's producers against charges of gay-baiting and homophobia. To that end, we offer a semiotic analysis that illumines the nature and function of g...
Observable properties of E0 triaxial galaxies - A test for triaxiality

It is shown that most triaxial galaxies oriented in space to appear as E0 galaxies should have observable rotation velocities. By projecting Levison and Richstone's (1987) triaxial models so that they look like E0s, it was found that v/sigma can be as large as 1.0. In a separate argument, the observed distribution of axial ratios of ellipticals was used to show that between 3 percent and 23 percent of E0 galaxies are intrinsically flattened systems. Thus, if elliptical galaxies are triaxial then some E0 galaxies should have observable rotation velocities.
Benchmarking the perioperative process: III. Effects of regional anesthesia clinical pathway techniques on process efficiency and recovery profiles in ambulatory orthopedic surgery

Abstract Study Objectives: (1) To incorporate regional anesthesia options for common outpatient orthopedic surgery into clinical pathways; (2) to use the clinical pathway format and the Procedural Times Glossary published by the Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors (AACD) as management tools to measure postoperative same-day surgery processes and discharge outcomes; and (3) to determine the effects of general, regional, and combined general-regional anesthesia on these processes and outcomes. Design: Hospital database and patient chart review of consecutive patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) during academic years (AY) 1995–1996 and 1996–1997. Patient data from AY 1995–1996, during which no intraoperative anesthesia clinical pathway existed, served as historical controls. Data from AY 1996–1997, during which intraoperative anesthesia clinical pathways were used, served as the treatment group. Setting: Ambulatory surgery center in a teaching hospital. Measurements and Main Results: The records of 503 ASA physical status I and II patients were reviewed. 1996–1997 patients selected general anesthesia (±femoral nerve block) or epidural anesthesia, after which the remainder of the perioperative anesthesia process was standardized with respect to the drugs and equipment used. 1995–1996 patients did not necessarily have a choice in anesthesia technique and did not have a standardized perioperative anesthetic course with respect to specific drugs and supplies. Intervals described in the AACD Procedural Times Glossary, anesthesia drug and supply costs, and patient outcome variables (postoperative nursing interventions required and unexpected admissions), as influenced by anesthesia technique used, were measured. Combined general-regional anesthesia care for ACLR in 1996–1997, when compared with general anesthesia alone, led to increased pharmacy and materials costs and increased turnover time. However, patients with the combined technique showed improved recovery profiles and lower unexpected admission rates, and they required fewer nursing interventions for common postoperative symptoms. Patients receiving epidural anesthesia showed discharge outcomes similar to those patients receiving general anesthesia with femoral nerve block. Postanesthesia care unit bypass (fast-tracking) was more likely in clinical pathway regional anesthesia patients, when compared with the clinical pathway general anesthesia used. Conclusions: Clinical pathway regional anesthesia care for outpatient orthopedics may have a significant role in simultaneously containing costs and improving both process efficiency and patient outcomes.
The esophagus: New methodologies and discoveries lead to an evolution in clinical practice

New understandings of disease management often evolve from new discoveries or the development of new methodologies for investigation. This phenomenon is observed several times in the reviews featured in this issue. New tools in the investigation of esophageal physiology and in the treatment of esophageal disorders have led us to reappraise our understanding of this enigmatically complex organ.
La(TM)5 hydrides (TM = Fe, Co, Ni): Theoretical perspectives

Abstract Systematic theoretical results for La(TM) 5 H n materials with TM one of the magnetic transition metals Fe, Co, or Ni are discussed. For TM = Co, Ni the antecedent LaCo 5 and LaNi 5 intermetallics and hydrides are well known. While no La–Fe compounds exist, LaFe 5 hydrides are predicted to form by both Miedema's phenomenological model as well as by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) for several prototype crystal structures. Enthalpies of formation and saturation hydrogen contents derived from Miedema's model and DFT are compared. Our phonon calculations for LaCo 5 and LaCo 5 H 4 yield new information on their crystal structures.
Characteristics of substance P transport across the blood-brain barrier

Substance P (SP; NH3 +-Arg+-Pro-Lys+-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2) belongs to a group of neurokinins that are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The biological effects mediated by SP in the central nervous system include regulation of affective behavior, emesis, and nociception. Many of these actions are believed to be the result of the binding of SP to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor and subsequent transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The objective of the study was to investigate the involvement of the NK-1 receptor in the permeation of SP across the BBB. Transport of 3H SP (1–13 nM) was investigated using BBMEC monolayers grown on polycarbonate membranes mounted on a Side-bi-Side™ diffusion apparatus. 3H SP samples were analyzed by scintillation spectrometry. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor the transport at higher concentrations (micromolar). SP transport across BBMEC monolayers was found to be saturable (K m = 8.57 ± 1.59 nM, V max = 0.017 ± 0.005 pmol min−1 mg−1 protein) in the concentration range of 0–13 nM. Significant (p < 0.05) decline in 3H SP permeation was observed in the presence of unlabeled SP and at 4°C, indicating that the transport process is carrier-mediated. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed no significant metabolism of 3H SP in either the donor or receiver chambers. 3H SP transport was inhibited by 2–11 SP (p < 0.05) but not by any other fragments, indicating that both the C- and N-terminal regions are essential for molecular recognition by the receptor. Endocytic inhibitors (chloroquine, phenylarsine oxide, monensin, and brefeldin) did not inhibit SP transport, suggesting the involvement of a nonendocytic mechanism in SP permeation. Pro9 SP, a high-affinity substrate for the NK-1 major subtype receptor, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the transport of SP. However, Sar9Met(O2)11 SP, a high-affinity substrate for the NK-1 minor subtype receptor, septide, and neurokinin A, inhibitors of NK-1 and neurokinin-2 (NK-2) receptors, respectively, did not produce any inhibition of SP transport. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of the NK-1 receptor in BBMEC monolayers. The above results provide functional and molecular evidence for the existence of a carrier-mediated mechanism in the transport of SP across the BBB. The effects of specific inhibitors and the results of Western blot analyses demonstrate the involvement of the NK-1 receptor in the transport of SP across the BBB.