cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: an uncommon cause of temporomandibular joint pain and swelling.

Background Pseudogout, or calcium pyrophosphate deposition, is a rare cause of pain, swelling, and trismus of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Diagnosis and management of the lesion are discussed. Case description A 58-year-old female had a 2-month history of progressive swelling of right TMJ associated with trismus and facial pain. Imaging of the TMJ revealed a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion associated with the right TMJ joint space. Surgical excision was performed successfully via preauricular approach. Pathology was consistent with calcium pyrophosphate deposition of the TMJ, also known as pseudogout. Surgical excision successfully treated her symptoms as expected. She is now disease free without recurrence. Clinical implications Pseudogout is a rare cause of TMJ pain, swelling, and trismus that should be included in the differential of joint pain and dysfunction. It can be treated successfully with surgery.
Adaptive sliding manifold slope via grasped object stiffness detection with a prosthetic hand

Abstract Upper limb amputees have expressed the desire for their prosthetic hands to better adapt to the parameters of different grasped objects. In response to this need, an adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) is developed that has a variable-slope manifold which is dependent upon the stiffness of the grasped object. The ASMC is experimentally compared to a sliding mode controller (SMC) which has a constant manifold slope over a wide range of grasped object stiffness, ranging from an empty hand to a steel bar. Experimental results indicate that both controllers have satisfactory percent overshoot characteristics; however, the ASMC has significantly less absolute error for all experiments performed with eight different levels of grasped object stiffness.
L.A. Stories: Aggression in Preschoolers' Spontaneous Narratives after the Riots of 1992

64 inner-city preschoolers' spontaneous story narratives that were examined directly after the Los Angeles riots of 1992 were compared with narratives told by a matched comparison group of 128 children living in other U.S. cities who had no direct exposure to the riots. Narratives were coded for length, complexity, overall thematic content, character behavior in the stories, number of aggressive words, and story outcome. Children were given language and pre-academic skill assessments, their classroom behavior was observed, and teachers rated children's social competence. Results indicated that there were significant group differences in the story narratives. Children who were directly exposed to the riots told more narratives with aggressive thematic content, aggressive words, unfriendly figures who engaged in physical aggression, and mastery of situations with aggression than did the comparison group of children who had no direct exposure to the riots. The findings suggest that children's narratives reflected their exposure to the violence and their expression of that experience.
909 MOLECULAR BASIS OF A GENETIC DEFICIENCY OF THE SECOND COMPLEMENT COMPONENT (C2)

C2 deficiency is the most prevalent human genetic disorder of the complement proteins. We reported that monocytes from C2 deficient humans failed to secrete functional C2. Availability of a strain of C2 deficient (C2D) guinea pigs permitted a study of the molecular basis of this defect. Production of C2,factor B,and C4 by peritoneal macrophages from normal,heterozygous and homozygous C2D animals was monitored functionally and immunochemically. Homozygous C2D macrophages failed to secrete functional C2. C2 protein with an apparent molecular weight less than normal was found intracellularly. Extracellular C2 antigen secreted by the C2D cells was present primarily as apparent catabolic fragments on SDS-PAGE. Mixtures of normal radiolabeled C2 with conditioned medium from C2D cells suggested that this finding was not due to increased proteolytic activity in the C2D medium. Cells from each animal produced comparable amounts of C4 and factor B, and were similar in morphology,phagocytosis,nonspecific esterase staining,and C3b and Fc receptor function. These data indicate that C2D guinea pig macrophages synthesize a defective,unstable C2 protein.
On the effects of batch time variations on process performance

Abstract The effects of batch time variations on the performance of processes are investigated. Several simple problems are solved using queuing theory. Simulation is then presented to solve the more complicated problems.
Comparison between cytologic examination of fungi in bronchial washings and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens and culture: a review of 100 cases with emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls

Introduction Microbiology culture is the "gold standard" for diagnosis of fungal infections; however, culture has a lengthy turnaround time. A more timely assessment is possible with cytology and Gomori-methamine silver (GMS) staining. Materials and methods A total of 100 respiratory tract specimens with a positive fungal Gomori-methamine silver stain and corresponding culture were selected. The cytology slides were reviewed for factors contributing to discrepant results. Specimens were classified as 2 types of variances: interpretative and sampling. Concordant diagnoses were also evaluated. Results Eighty-two cases had fungal organisms that grew in culture. The remaining 18 cases were composed solely of fungal organisms that did not grow in culture (17 cases with Pneumocystis jirovecii ; 1 case with Pityrosporum ovale ). These 18 cases were excluded from the variance analysis. Thirty-three of 82 cases (40%) had concordant cytology and microbiology results, whereas 49 cases were discrepant. Variances were both sampling (41 cases) and interpretive (8 cases). Interpretive variances were predominantly Aspergillus species misinterpreted as Candida . Difficulty identifying true septate hyphae was the major contributing factor for misinterpretation. Conclusions Cytologic evaluation of respiratory specimens remains a useful preemptive diagnostic tool in the rapid diagnosis of fungal infection. Cytology samples significantly contribute to the diagnosis of respiratory fungi. However, interpretive variances between Aspergillus and Candida organisms are common. Awareness of the characteristic features that distinguish fungal organisms can further improve the diagnostic utility of cytology.
Increased prostatic blood flow in response to microwave thermal treatment: Preliminary findings in two patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract Objectives To determine the effects on prostate blood flow of heat generated by microwave thermal t reatment in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods Prostate blood flow was evaluated by continuous transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography in 2 patients at baseline, after implantation of interstitial needles used for thermal mapping, and during microwave thermal treatment. Temperatures at 30 prostatic, periprostatic, urethral, and rectal sites were continuously monitored. In 1 patient, transrectal prostate compression was applied and the blood flow and temperature response to this maneuver noted. Results Microwave thermal treatment achieved maximum prostate temperatures of 59 °C at 5 mm radially from the urethra. Urethral and rectal temperatures remained low. Marked increases occurred in prostate blood flow in response to microwave thermal treatment. These increases were apparent throughout the prostate gland, with the greatest increase in perfusion occurring in the peripheral zone and the posterior half of the transitional zone. After 15 minutes of microwave treatment, peak systolic blood flow increased 99% and 70% in patients 1 and 2, respectively, while end-diastolic blood flow climbed 50% and 112%, respectively. Prostate compression resulted in a prompt quenching of blood flow and an increase in prostate temperature. Conclusions Based on these preliminary findings in 2 patients, prostate blood flow increases markedly in response to microwave thermal treatment. This compensatory increase in blood flow is likely to be a significant treatment-limiting factor in achieving effective thermoablation.
Development and characterization of an ELISA assay in PDMS microfluidic channels

Abstract This report describes the first preliminary evaluation of a heterogeneous sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay in a PDMS microfluidic device. The PDMS devices were fabricated using replica molding against a patterned photoresist generated by photolithographic techniques. With this experimental setup, the microfluidic sensor chip was successfully used to quantify a model analyte (sheep IgM) with sensitivity down to 17 nM. The conventional blocking cocktail used in nearly all polystyrene microtiter plate-based ELISA assays failed to block the nonspecific adsorption of the analyte and secondary antibody. This report describes the successful use of surface modification chemistries and a modified blocking cocktail to reduce background due to nonspecific adsorption and to thereby increase the sensitivity of the assay. These protocols can be extended to the detection of a variety of analytes by immunoassay in PDMS microchannels.
Babies, television and videos: How did we get here?

Baby media have exploded in the past decade, and children younger than 2 are showing increased use of these baby media. This paper examines the historical evidence of babies’ use of television since the 1950s as well as the various factors that have given rise to the current increase in screen media for babies. We also consider the ubiquitous role of television in American families, the impact of evidence regarding the educational benefits of educational television on preschoolers, and positive parental beliefs about the usefulness of such educational media in preparing young children for schooling. Finally, we examine the theoretical issues of importance for guiding research into the interactions between media exposure and cognitive development, including the role of media in changing the context of children’s development and constraints on the kinds of things babies can learn from screen media. Lastly, we suggest that screen media may indeed be changing the nature of children’s development.
Peptidases in human blood. IV. The hydrolysis of glycyl-L-leucine and other dipeptides by leucocytes.

Abstract Glycyl- l -leucine is hydrolyzed by a leucocytic peptidase which appears to have zinc as a cofactor. A number of other dipeptides are probably split by the same enzyme. Lymphocytes were found to have greater activity per unit cell than leucocytes from normal blood. A number of peptidases previously found in serum could not be detected in leucocytes.
From Social Construction to Relational Construction: Practices from the Edge

In this paper, I talk about Ken Gergen’s influence in the communication discipline. Beginning with his ground-breaking publications in the 1970’s (Gergen 1973, 1978), we see him challenging the taken for granted separation of theory and practice, scholar and practitioner. One of Ken’s many contributions–regardless of disciplinary domain–has been the nurturing of forms of practice being developed by creative and innovative practitioners and young scholars alike. There are several key resources that are woven throughout Ken’s work that have continued to inspire and influence practitioners working in mental health, healthcare, organizations, schools, communities, and peace building endeavors. The most central of these resources include (1) centering relational processes which, in turn, generate the expansion of (2) collaborative, participatory practices that embrace alternative worldviews through a (3) a reflexive stance. Ken has challenged himself and all of us to stay on the edge because it is on the edge that new relational possibilities can be created. He has invited us to embrace the edge as the place of great comfort; comfort in knowing that there will always be possibilities for forging new ways of making meaning together.
Footstep planning on uneven terrain with mixed-integer convex optimization

We present a new method for planning footstep placements for a robot walking on uneven terrain with obstacles, using a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained quadratic program (MIQCQP). Our approach is unique in that it handles obstacle avoidance, kinematic reachability, and rotation of footstep placements, which typically have required non-convex constraints, in a single mixed-integer optimization that can be efficiently solved to its global optimum. Reachability is enforced through a convex inner approximation of the reachable space for the robot's feet. Rotation of the footsteps is handled by a piecewise linear approximation of sine and cosine, designed to ensure that the approximation never overestimates the robot's reachability. Obstacle avoidance is ensured by decomposing the environment into convex regions of obstacle-free configuration space and assigning each footstep to one such safe region. We demonstrate this technique in simple 2D and 3D environments and with real environments sensed by a humanoid robot. We also discuss computational performance of the algorithm, which is currently capable of planning short sequences of a few steps in under one second or longer sequences of 10–30 footsteps in tens of seconds to minutes on common laptop computer hardware. Our implementation is available within the Drake MATLAB toolbox [1].
Unusual adsorption properties of silver adlayers on the Pt(111) electrode surface

Adsorption properties of silver monolayer and bilayer deposited at underpotentials on a Pt(111) electrode were studied by means of linear sweep voltammetry, in situ surface X-ray scattering and infrared spectroelectrochemistry. Surface X-ray scattering measurements show a pseudomorphic Ag monolayer and an incommensurate expanded bilayer on Pt(111) formed at underpotentials. Unusual adsorption properties of the silver layers with respect to the bulk silver are observed. The two Ag adlayers were found to have intermediate adsorption/oxidation characteristics between those of metallic Ag and Pt surfaces with (111) orientation. The Ag monolayer has properties that facilitate adsorption of bisulfate anions and adsorption and oxidation of CO. These properties are closer to the adsorption properties of the Pt(111) surface than to those of Ag(111), which adsorbs sulfate anions and does not adsorb CO. The Ag bilayer on the Pt(111) surface adsorbs sulfate anions as Ag(111) does, but in contrast to the behavior of Ag(111), it adsorbs CO. These properties of the Ag adlayers appear to be a consequence of the charge-transfer process and the electron distribution in the Ag/Pt(111) surface.
Two-dimensional analysis of thin shell- or plate-like muffler elements of non-uniform thickness

Abstract A general procedure for the analysis of curved, thin muffler elements, which can efficiently utilize the limited space in hermetically sealed compressors or compact engine installations [1], is extended to take non-uniform thickness into account. The inhomogeneous 2-D wave equation for the non-uniform thickness case is derived in two dimensional curvilinear coordinates defined on a curved surface by the application of Hamilton's principal. Four pole parameters are formulated form the pressure response solutions using the modal series expansion method and orthogonality property. The analyses of two types of curved, thin muffler elements with thickness variation in only one direction are demonstrated as examples. Analytical results are verified by comparison with the results obtained from a finite element program. Good agreement was achieved as long as the thickness of the muffler element is sufficiently small compared to the wavelength range of interest.
DSM-Based Product Representation for Design Process Modularity

An appropriate modularity representation is of critical importance in modular design. Without an appropriate representation, modular design cannot realize its benefits. In this paper, a representation for DSM-based modular product design is developed that facilitates product modularization with respect to the design process. The representation is based upon previous work presented in this venue that details representations for the assembly and manufacturing processes (Lai and Gershenson, 2007a; Lai and Gershenson, 2007b). The representation for the design process includes a design process similarity matrix and a design process dependency matrix. The definition of design process similarity uses information available in early stage design and is based on the similarity of the design tools and resources required for later stage design. Design process similarity within a module leads to increased design efficiency from the sharing of functional and geometric analyses and possibly the savings of not needing to “un-immerse” from a particular design task to “re-immerse” in the design of the next component. The definition of design process dependency is based on the connectivity caused by components’ design process attributes with the goal of fewer design interactions between different modules. With zero dependencies between modules, we hope to contain the cascade of design changes within each module, and prevent the need to redesign other modules. In this paper, we first present which design process elements we should consider for defining design process similarity and dependency, and then construct respective similarity and dependency factors tables. These tables include similarity and dependency factors, which, along with their values, are important in determining a product’s modular architecture at the early stages of design. Finally, a computer mouse is used to illustrate how to apply these factors tables to generate the similarity and dependency matrices that represent product modularity for the product design process. Using these representations as input to the DSM-based modular design methods, we can achieve a design with a modular architecture that improves design efficiency in the later stages of design. In the future, we hope to extend and generalize the process for developing product modularity representations so that it is applicable across all life-cycle processes.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Characterization of the Brain Injury, Neurobehavioral Profiles and Histopathology in a Rat Model of Cerebellar Hemorrhage

Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage (SCH) represents approximately 10% of all intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is an important clinical problem of which little is known. This study stereotaxically infused collagenase (type VII) into the deep cerebellar paramedian white matter, which corresponds to the most common clinical injury region. Measures of hemostasis (brain water, hemoglobin assay, Evans blue, collagen-IV, ZO-1, and MMP-2 and MMP-9) and neurodeficit were quantified 24 hours later (Experiment 1). Long-term functional outcomes were measured over 30 days using the ataxia scale (modified Luciani), open field, wire suspension, beam balance, and inclined plane (Experiment 2). Neurocognitive ability was assessed on the third week using the rotarod (motor learning), T maze (working memory), and water maze (spatial learning and memory) (Experiment 3), followed by a histopathological analysis 1 week later (Experiment 4). Stereotaxic collagenase infusion caused dose-dependent elevations in brain edema, neurodeficit, hematoma volume, and blood-brain barrier rupture, while physiological variables remained stable. Most functional outcomes normalized by the third week, while neurocognitive testing showed deficits parallel to the cystic-cavitary lesion at 30 days. All animals survived until sacrifice, and obstructive hydrocephalus did not develop. These results suggest that the model can generate important translational information about this subtype of ICH and could be used for future investigations of therapeutic mechanisms after cerebellar hemorrhage.
Non-equilibrium particle emission in heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions

Abstract Non-equilibrium particle emission occurring in heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions is analyzed in terms of the moving source model. Different projectile-target combinations are seen to give different source characteristics depending upon the particle being detected. Non-equilibrium particle production in a heavy projectile reaction, 28Si + 40Ca, is practically non-existent even at a relatively high projectile velocity above the Coulomb barrier.
Accuracy and stability of hyperopic treatments.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment of hyperopia presents greater challenges than treatment of myopia for multiple reasons, including the fact that hyperopia tends to progress with age and becomes more symptomatic with the loss of accommodation. RECENT FINDINGS Despite these issues, surgeons have multiple options to treat hyperopia successfully. Modern laser vision correction has high success rates for most patients and performs acceptably in the presence of high hyperopia or high cylinder. Early studies combining excimer laser treatment with collagen cross-linking (CXL) suggest that this may improve refractive stability. Recent studies have also described femtosecond lenticule extraction and use of a solid-state laser in place of the excimer. In addition to cornea-based treatment, long-term studies of a hyperopic phakic intraocular lens have shown excellent visual outcomes and good safety. Cross-linking is increasingly being applied to the hyperopia that follows radial keratotomy. SUMMARY The established treatments for hyperopia continue to accumulate evidence supporting their safety and efficacy. The next step forward in treatment may arise from combining these treatments with CXL to stabilize the cornea long-term.
Proton therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Proton radiotherapy has seen an increasing role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Historically, external beam radiotherapy has played a very limited role in HCC due to a high incidence of toxicity to surrounding normal structures. The ability to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor is a key factor in improving outcomes in HCC. Advances in photon radiotherapy have improved dose conformity and allowed dose escalation to the tumor. However, despite these advances there is still a large volume of normal liver that receives a considerable radiation dose during treatment. Proton beams do not have an exit dose along the beam path once they enter the body. The inherent physical attributes of proton radiotherapy offer a way to maximize tumor control via dose escalation while avoiding excessive radiation to the remaining liver, thus increasing biological effectiveness. In this review we discuss the physical attributes and rationale for proton radiotherapy in HCC. We also review recent literature regarding clinical outcomes of using proton radiotherapy for the treatment of HCC.
What the emergency radiologist needs to know about treatment-related complications from conventional chemotherapy and newer molecular targeted agents

Emergency departments (ED) are increasingly utilized by oncology patients for disease- and treatment-related issues. With the increased use of new molecular targeted therapy (MTT) and conventional chemotherapeutic regimens, oncology patients present with a range of adverse treatment effects, some of which reveal characteristic injury patterns and imaging appearances. Knowledge of these imaging findings is critically important for early detection and prompt management in oncology patients. In this article, we present a brief review of conventional chemotherapeutic and new MTT regimens as well as address adverse reactions that bring oncology patients to the ED.
Mutational analysis of the lac regulatory region: second-site changes that activate mutant promoters

Second-site mutations that restored activity to severe lacP1 down-promoter mutants were isolated. This was accomplished by using a bacteriophage f1 vector containing a fusion of the mutant E. coli lac promoters with the structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), so that a system was provided for selecting phage revertants (or pseudorevertants) that conferred resistance of phage-infected cells to chloramphenicol. Among the second-site changes that relieved defects in mutant lac promoters, the only one that restored lacP1 activity was a T----G substitution at position -14, a weakly conserved site in E. coli promoters. Three other sequence changes, G----A at -2, A----T at +1, and C----A at +10, activated nascent promoters in the lac regulatory region. The nascent promoters conformed to the consensus rule, that activity is gained by sequence changes toward homology with consensus sequences at the -35 and -10 regions of the promoter. However, the relative activities of some promoters cannot be explained solely by consideration of their conserved sequence elements.
SU-FF-T-401: Monte Carlo Simulation of Batch Assay of Iodine-125 Seeds Preloaded in Unshielded Cartridges

Purpose: Although the feasibility of batch assay of LDR brachytherapy sources has been proposed, the technique has not gained widespread clinical acceptance due to the uncertainties in the measurement of packaged seeds. Interest in batch assays has been revived with the availability of preloaded seeds in a cartridge, which permits all seeds to be assayed in bulk and limits radiation exposure. In this study, the batch assay of I‐125 seeds was simulated by Monte Carlo method including the evaluation of the correction factor between individual and batch assays. Method and Materials: To validate the initial simulation model, both FLUKA and DOSRZnrc/EGSnrc Monte Carlo code were used to calculate the dose distribution of single I‐125 seed based upon the TG‐43 formulation. Further simulations of seed assay were then performed by FLUKA code including detailed geometries of the seeds, the unshielded cartridge, source holders and a HDR‐1000 Plus well chamber. The sensitivity of the batch scheme was also tested by simulating defective (out of calibration tolerance) seeds in cartridges. Results: The calculated correction factor is 1.482 (s=1.60%), which is comparable with the measured result of 1.496 (s=0.71%). The test of defective seeds shows an average 0.87% error (only 6.64% batches with error >2%) could be found if some seeds in batch with 5%–10% departure from reference activity. An extra and missing seed in cartridge caused 10.45% error in chamber response. Conclusion: A cartridge assay provides an accurate measurement of the mean activity but could mask large individual seed variability. The correction factor for seeds preloaded in unshielded cartridge could be measured and used confidently. To agree with NRC regulation and AAPM recommendations, all the seeds should and could be measured by batch. The individual sample of 10% of the seeds could then be chose from the cartridges with the most divergent reading.
Blood volume and exercise

Summary 1. The increase of serum protein concentration has been determined following both moderate and vigorous exercise in experiments on eighty-five healthy boys. The blood pressure changes have also been observed. 2. In nineteen of these subjects, the increase of the concentration of the blue dye, T-1824, following exercise has also been determined. 3. In twelve of these subjects there was evidence of circulatory collapse.
On using the Gameboy Advance as a controller for inverted pendulums

This paper describes the usage of a Gameboy Advance (GBA) for non-gaming applications in control systems. The GBA is extended with the XPort and the XPort Robot Controller developed by Charmed Labs. Typical control problems include balancing an inverted pendulum about its unstable vertical equilibrium point. This paper also explores the capabilities of this controller, which can serve as a cheap, widely available microcontroller that can find use in college-level control systems classes.
THE LOST WORLD OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

falls short of the minimal requirements for a systematic political science: for the literature of municipal government is studded with an array of facts that have been gathered with little regard for the construction of general theories; and, at the same time, it is beset with theories that have been advanced without ever being checked against available empirical data.2 That, in essence, is the case against the literature of muncipal government; and it is the purpose of this essay, not to re-try the case, but to offer one explanation for this alleged state of affairs by way of a close examination of the leading textbooks in the field.8 I One possible exception might be an article that dealt with the independent voter in a Massachusetts city. The reported research was not, however, upon the politics of that city per se: the city was merely a convenient focus for the study of a problem in national politics. During the past decade, the REVIEW has carried seven other articles dealing with city government and politics. One of these clarified a legal term (the village in New Hampshire); a second set down the reminiscences of a candidate for town council. Two articles examined parties in New York City with special emphasis on PR. A fifth article was concerned with the impact of the urban electorate upon the allocation of votes in the Electoral College; another article had as its focus the voting behavior of nationality groups in four cities. The seventh article was concerned with gross changes in the voting behavior of a small town, from 1924 to 1948, as revealed by ballots cast in two elections.
Computing nonlinear network equilibria

This paper examines the problem of computing nonlinear network equilibria using a ‘Newton’ iteration. By exploiting the network structure, we are able to show that the iteration is globally convergent, monotonic, and (locally) quadratically convergent using only simple algebraic arguments.
Effects of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (regramostim), Escherichia coli (molgramostim) and yeast (sargramostim) on priming peripheral blood progenitor cells for use with autologous bone marrow after high‐dose chemotherapy

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) were collected without prior association with chemotherapy but after the administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-GM, regramostim), Escherichia coli (E. coli-GM, molgramostim), or yeast (Yeast-GM, sargramostim) and used in conjunction with autologous bone marrow after high-dose chemotherapy in 69 patients with breast cancer or melanoma. The mean peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts increased by 2.2 to 2.7-fold after regramostim, 4.5 to 7.3-fold after molgramostim and 4.3-fold after sargramostim. All patients underwent three leukaphereses. The mean (+/- standard error) total nucleated pheresed cells per kg x 10(8) were 4.15 +/- 0.56, 15.10 +/- 1.77 and 7.24 +/- 1.00 for patients receiving regramostim, molgramostim or sargramostim respectively. The mean (+/- standard error) granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units per kg x 10(4) mobilized into the PB were 8.75 +/- 3.63, 71.03 +/- 17.85, and 65.11 +/- 18.74 for patients receiving regramostim, molgramostim, or sargramostim respectively. The total mean (+/- standard error) CD34+ cells per kg x 10(7) collected by three leukaphereses were 3.28 +/- 1.62, 1.34 +/- 0.51 and 2.57 +/- 1.93, for patients receiving regramostim, molgramostim or sargramostim respectively. The use of either molgramostim- or sargramostim-primed PBPCs led to complete elimination of absolute leukopenia with a WBC count under 100/mm3 in 64% and 77% of patients treated, respectively. Patients receiving molgramostim-primed PBPCs required fewer red blood cells transfusions than patients receiving regramostim-primed PBPCs (p = 0.0062). Our data indicate that PBPCs collected without prior association with chemotherapy but after either molgramostim or sargramostim with autologous bone marrow support and GM-CSF shorten the hematopoietic recovery after myeloablative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer or melanoma.
Bacterial and Nonbacterial Expression of Wild-Type and Mutant Human Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase and Purification of the Mutant Enzyme in the Milligram Scale

15-Lipoxygenases and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases are counterparts in the metabolism of hydroperoxy lipids and a balanced regulation of both enzymes is essential for normal cell function. Glutathione peroxidases contain selenocysteine as catalytically active amino acid and this selenocysteine is encoded by a TGA stop codon. Detailed protein chemical investigations on phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases and crystal trials have been hampered in the past by limited protein supply. There is no efficient natural source for large-scale enzyme preparation and overexpression of the functional protein in recombinant systems has not been reported so far. To avoid problems with recognition of the selenocysteine stop codon we mutated the selenocysteine to a cysteine and expressed the Sec46Cys mutant in milligram amounts in the baculovirus/insect cell system and as His-tag fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme species were purified by conventional fast protein liquid chromatography (nonfusion protein) or by affinity chromatography on a nickel matrix (His-tag protein). Surprisingly, we found that both protein variants were functional although their specific activities were reduced when compared with the wild-type enzyme. Basic protein chemical and enzymatic properties of the purified enzyme species were determined and monoclonal antibodies which recognize the native phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases were raised using our enzyme preparations as antigen. The described strategies for overexpression of mutant phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase species and their purification from recombinant sources provide sufficient amounts of enzyme for future protein chemical investigations and detailed crystal trials.
Disruption of embryonic and fetal development due to preimplantation chemical insults: A critical review

Descriptive teratology has developed several fundamental precepts, two of which can now be challenged on the basis of experimental evidence. The first is that prior to implantation the developing embryo is not susceptible to survivable defects from chemical injury. The second is that developmental defects cannot be due to mutational events since rare events seem unlikely to explain alterations in large populations of cells. This review presents current experimental evidence demonstrating that the effects of chemical exposure on blastocyst stage embryos may be manifest long after the time of insult and that subtle nonlethal mutations may have a role in poor fetal performance after early chemical exposures.
Nuclear gamma-ray emission from antiproton annihilation at rest in uranium

We have observed low energy nuclear gamma-rays, which we interpret as coming from fission fragments, from antiproton annihilation at rest in a uranium target. The high gamma-ray and previously reported fission neutron temperatures, as well as large relative neutron-to-gamma ray yields, suggest a high level of excitation of the fission fragments.
Factor‐Price Equalization By Trade In Joint and Non‐Joint Production

Sans joint products, relative factor prices do determine relative goods prices. Free trade in goods thus can hope to equalize factor returns when this relationship is monotone and therefore uniquely reversible. However, when joint production obtains, often the same relative factor prices can entail an infinity of relative goods prices depending upon the composition of tastes and demand. In consequence, trade's equalization of goods prices is compatible with factor-returns inequality. Generic and singular relationships are described.
Mediating Role of Creative Identity in the Influence of Transformational Leadership on Creativity: Is There a Multilevel Effect?

In this study, the authors examined the relationships among transformational leadership, creative identity, and creativity from a multilevel perspective. They found that individual-level transformational leadership positively affected employees’ individual creativity indirectly through individual creative identity. Group creative identity instead mediated the relationship between group-level transformational leadership and group creativity. In addition, group creative identity mediated the relationship between group-level transformational leadership and individual creative identity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Murine Myocarditis due to Coxsackie B3 Virus: Blood Amino Acid, Virologic, and Histopathologic Correlates

Mice, 14-16 days old, were challenged with coxsackie B3 virus to define and ascertain possible mechanisms for changes in amino acids in blood accompanying infection with this virus and to correlate amino-acid responses with viral titers in blood and myocardium and with gross and histopathologic evidence of disease. There was significant depression of total concentration of amino acids in blood and profound depression of amino acids important for protein synthesis 15 min after challenge; these changes persisted through day 5. Viremia was detectable from 15 min to day 6 after challenge. Myocardial virus persisted until day 10. Weights of infected animals were depressed on days 5 through 12, but compensatory growth was noted subsequently. Gross myocardial lesions were present in 50% of mice three months after challenge. These findings suggest that maintenance of optimal nutrition during acute infection may be important in sustaining the early anabolic response of the host and can prevent the decreased rate of growth.
MEAN AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS ACROSS MAJOR NATIONAL STOCK MARKETS: FURTHER EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

This paper provides additional insight into the nature and degree of interdependence of stock markets of the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany, and it reports the extent to which volatility in these markets influences expected returns. The analysis uses the multivariate GARCH-M model. Although they are considered weak, statistically significant mean spillovers radiate from stock markets of the U.S. to the U.K., Canada, and Germany, and then from the stock markets of Japan to Germany. No relation is found between conditional market volatility and expected returns. Strong time-varying conditional volatility exists in the return series of all markets. The own-volatility spillovers in the U.K. and Canadian markets are insignificant, supporting the view that conditional volatility of returns in these markets is “imported” from abroad, specifically from the U.S. Significant volatility spillovers radiate from the U.S. stock market to all four stock markets, from the U.K. stock market to the Canadian stock market, and from the German stock market to the Japanese stock market. The results are robust and no changes occur in the correlation structure of returns over time.
Is increased dietary protein necessary or beneficial for individuals with a physically active lifestyle

For most of the 20th century, scientists have believed that protein needs are not altered by physical exercise. In contrast, athletes are typically convinced that additional dietary protein can significantly enhance exercise performance. Until recently, the opinion of the athletes has been largely unsubstantiated in the scientific literature. However, since the 1970s, an increasing number of studies have appeared that indicate dietary protein needs are elevated in individuals who are regularly physically active. Together, these data suggest that the RDA for those who engage in regular endurance exercise should be about 1.2-1.4 g protein/kg body mass/d (150-175% of the current RDA) and 1.7-1.8 g protein/kg body mass/d (212-225% of the current RDA) for strength exercisers. Fortunately, the typical North American diet contains protein near these quantities, so most individuals who decide to begin an exercise program will obtain sufficient protein as long as their diet is mixed and they are careful to consume adequate energy. Populations at greatest risk for consuming insufficient protein include any group that restricts energy intake (those on diets) or high quality protein sources (vegetarians) as well as any group that has a requirement higher than normal due to another existing condition (growing individuals). Future studies should focus on these groups. Moreover, few exercise performance measures have been made, so any negative effect of insufficient dietary protein on athletic success needs to be determined. Supplementation of several individual amino acids may be beneficial for physically active individuals, but considerable potential risk is also present. Intake of large quantities of individual amino acids is not recommended until much more information is available.
Structure of the ABC ATPase domain of human TAP1, the transporter associated with antigen processing.

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is an ABC transporter formed of two subunits, TAP1 and TAP2, each of which has an N-terminal membrane-spanning domain and a C-terminal ABC ATPase domain. We report the structure of the C-terminal ABC ATPase domain of TAP1 (cTAP1) bound to ADP. cTAP1 forms an L-shaped molecule with two domains, a RecA-like domain and a small α-helical domain. The diphosphate group of ADP interacts with the P-loop as expected. Residues thought to be involved in γ-phosphate binding and hydrolysis show flexibility in the ADP-bound state as evidenced by their high B-factors. Comparisons of cTAP1 with other ABC ATPases from the ABC transporter family as well as ABC ATPases involved in DNA maintenance and repair reveal key regions and residues specific to each family. Three ATPase subfamilies are identified which have distinct adenosine recognition motifs, as well as distinct subdomains that may be specific to the different functions of each subfamily. Differences between TAP1 and TAP2 in the nucleotide-binding site may be related to the observed asymmetry during peptide transport.
Effect of extrusion conditions on resistant starch formation from pastry wheat flour

Pastry wheat flour was extruded under various conditions of feed moisture (20%, 40%, and 60%) and screw speed (150, 200, and 250 rpm), at constant barrel temperature profile (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C, feed port to exit die). The extruded samples were stored at 4 °C for 0, 7, or 14 days, at which times resistant starch (RS) formation was analyzed. Thermal and pasting properties of extruded samples stored for 14 days were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter and rapid visco analyzer (RVA), respectively. The RS content increased after extrusion compared to non-extruded pastry wheat flour. High significant positive correlations of feed moisture (P < 0.01) and storage period (P < 0.05) with RS formation were observed. The RS derived from extrusion and storage showed higher thermal stability with decreasing feed moisture and screw speed. Statistically significant differences in pasting properties were observed with feed moisture or screw speed. In particular, the setback value from RVA of the sample was significantly increased with increasing feed moisture. These results indicate that feed moisture and storage time were both important factors for the formation of RS from pastry wheat flour during extrusion.
Assignment of human preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene to chromosome 3.

The human gene encoding preproTRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) was assigned to chromosome 3, using human-Chinese hamster ovary somatic cell hybrids, analyzed by Southern hybridizations. Hybridization was carried out with a32P-labeled human preproTRH cDNA labeled by the method of random priming (3). Hybridization of the cDNA probe to a human specific 4.8-kb DNA fragment of EcoRI-digested WBC DNA was used to localize the human preproTRH gene. No hybridization, by contrast, was seen with human preproTRH cDNA probe and hamster DNA after EcoRI treatment. Results from 29 somatic cell hybrids corroborated unequivocally that the human preproTRH gene can be assigned to human chromosome 3.
Low Modulus, High Damping, High Fatigue Life Elastomer Compounds for Vibration Isolation

Abstract NR/BR/NIR copolymer blends were found to be too stiff at low temperatures for many potential isolation applications. Soft compounds have been developed which exhibit high damping, long fatigue life, and good heat resistant properties. These compounds are based on NR/BIIR blends with IM as a diluent. The new compounds are cured with a semi-EV cure system. The morphology appears to be an important factor controlling the fatigue properties of the blends. Fatigue life can be affected by the cure temperature, molecular weight of the IM used, and by the use of amine anti-oxidants. For improved processing and shelf-life stability, the use of amine anti-oxidants is not recommended.
An analysis of the genetics of schizophrenia.

Abstract Data on the inheritance of schizophrenia indicate that both genetics and environment contribute importantly to the manifestation of the disease. However, heterogeneity of the data makes an accurate analysis very difficult. In this paper, a crude analysis of a threshold model, using a polygenic or a single gene hypothesis, shows that both are in approximate agreement with the data. Though argument about genetic models seems futile when virtually any model can account for the data, the single gene hypothesis is unavoidably more attractive at this stage. If a single gene is involved, the allele predisposing toward schizophrenia should be considered as essentially, though not entirely, recessive; all genotypes would be strongly affected by unknown environmental factors; and even some genetically normal individuals would manifest the disorder.
Thermal Expansion of a Boron-Aluminum Tube:

Contactless laser interferometric measurements of the thermal expansion of an axially reinforced aluminum tube are reported. (GHT)
Simian virus 40 T antigen binds to host cell chromosomes.

T ANTIGEN of simian virus 40 (SV40) is the product of the A gene of the virus1 and has been shown to have a role in the establishment and maintenance of transformation2–5. T antigen has also been shown to be required for the initiation of each round of viral DNA synthesis6 and for induction of host DNA synthesis7–11. Furthermore, it has been suggested that T antigen may initiate DNA synthesis in transformed cells and thereby help maintain those cells in the transformed state6,12–14. The SV40 genome has three preferential binding sites for T antigen, one of which is at or near the site at which viral DNA synthesis is initiated15. The binding of T antigen to eukaryote DNA is less well defined but shows a preference for double-stranded over single-stranded DNA16. Similar findings have been reported for tumour-specific transplantation antigen17. SV40 nucleohistone has also been reported to bind T antigen in amounts threefold greater than does native SV40 DNA18. To investigate the role of T antigen in the regulation of the host cell, we have asked whether host chromosomes bind detectable amounts of T antigen; and, if so, whether the binding is restricted to specific chromosomes or to specific chromosomal loci. Although earlier studies have suggested that T antigen is associated with nuclear chromatin of infected cells19, this study is the first to report the binding of SV40 T antigen to mammalian chromosomes.