cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure Optimize Clinic: Improving Quality of Care In Heart Failure Patients In An Academic Medical Center

Background While heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality and readmissions, only a small percentage of patients are optimized on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). We developed a multidisciplinary HF clinic to optimize medications, provide education and resources and screen for medical co-morbidities in HF patients. Methods A multidisciplinary clinic composed of Advanced Practice Providers (APPs), pharmacist, nutritionists and nurses was developed and targeted patients with a 30-day HF readmission, ≥ 2 HF-related hospitalizations in last 12 months or new HF diagnosis. The OPTIMIZE clinic consisted of a total of 6 visits approximately two weeks apart seeing an APP at each visit along with pharmacy and nutrition evaluation. Echocardiographic, 6-minute walk, and health related quality of life (EQ5D) outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the 12 weeks. Results A total of 62 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) completed OPTIMIZE clinic over an average of 11.6 weeks. Patients were primarily white (62.3%) males (56.5%) with an average age of 59.1 (±15.3) years. HF etiology was primarily non-ischemic (65%) and patients had typical cardiac comorbidities - hypertension 54%, hyperlipidemia 33%, diabetes 23%, sleep apnea 15%, and chronic kidney disease 24%. Completion of OPTIMIZE clinic resulted in significant improvements in 6-minute walk distance, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and patient reported quality of life measures as assessed by the EQ5D along with significant reductions in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) (Figure 1a). We also saw improved utilization of GDMT with completion of the OPTIMIZE clinic (Figure 1b). During the course of the clinic, only 7 (11%) patients were admitted for CHF exacerbation and 44 referrals were made to various other cardiology or internal medicine subspecialities, the most common being sleep clinic (14 referrals). A total of 13 (21%) patients had enough improvement in LVEF on GDMT as a result of this clinic that they no longer met criteria for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Conclusion Successful implementation of a multidisciplinary HF optimization clinic can help improve GDMT utilization, HF education, comorbidity recognition, and markers of HF severity. An OPTIMIZE clinic model can be considered in other centers as a way to increase GDMT optimization and improve clinical and functional markers of HF.
Racial Disparities in Epigenetic Aging of the Right vs Left Colon.

There are well-documented racial differences in age-of-onset and laterality of colorectal cancer. Epigenetic age acceleration is postulated to be an underlying factor. However, comparative studies of side-specific colonic tissue epigenetic aging are lacking. Here, we performed DNA methylation analysis of matched right and left biopsies of normal colon from 128 individuals. Among African Americans (n = 88), the right colon showed accelerated epigenetic aging as compared to individual-matched left colon (1.51 years; 95% CI = 0.62 to 2.40 years; two-sided P = .001). In contrast, among European Americans (n = 40), the right colon shows remarkable age deceleration (1.93 years; 95% CI = 0.65 to 3.21 years; two-sided P = .004). Further, epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identifies a unique pattern of hypermethylation in African American right colon. Our study is the first to report such race and side-specific differences in epigenetic aging of normal colon, providing novel insight into the observed younger age-of-onset and relative preponderance of right-side colon neoplasia in African Americans.
Immunosuppression broadens evolutionary pathways to treatment failure during Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia

Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly refractory to antibiotic treatment in healthcare settings. As is true of most human pathogens, the genetic path to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the role that the immune system plays in modulating AMR during disease are poorly understood. Here we reproduced several routes to fluoroquinolone resistance, performing evolution experiments using sequential lung infections in mice that are replete or depleted of neutrophils, providing two key insights into the evolution of drug resistance. First, neutropenic hosts were demonstrated to act as reservoirs for the accumulation of drug resistance. Selection for variants with altered drug sensitivity profiles arose readily in the absence of neutrophils, while immunocompetent animals restricted the appearance of these variants. Secondly, antibiotic treatment failure was shown to occur without clinically defined resistance, an unexpected result that provides a model for how antibiotic failure occurs clinically in the absence of AMR. The genetic mechanism underlying both these results is initiated by mutations activating the drug egress pump regulator AdeL, which drives persistence in the presence of the antibiotic. Therefore, antibiotic persistence mutations are demonstrated to present a two-pronged risk during disease, causing drug treatment failure in the immunocompromised host while simultaneously increasing the likelihood of high-level AMR acquisition.
Significance of Asymptomatic Pyelonephritis Found on Kidney Transplant Biopsy.

The clinical significance and appropriate management of graft pyelonephritis diagnosed by biopsy are poorly understood. Methods We analyzed data from all patients with pyelonephritis on transplant kidney biopsy from January 1998 to December 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those whose urinalysis was positive for urinary tract infection (UA+) and those whose urinalysis was negative (UA-). Results There were a total of 101 patients with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis by biopsy during the study period. The mean time from transplant to pyelonephritis diagnosis was 3.3 ± 4 y. Thirty-six (35.6%) of the patients with pyelonephritis on biopsy had a negative UA. Out of 65 patients in the UA+ group, 54 (83%) received antibiotics. Only 12 of the UA- patients (33%) received antibiotics. The use of antibiotics in both the UA+ (P = 0.03) and UA- groups (P = 0.02) compared with no use of antibiotics was associated with better death-censored graft survival. On multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics (hazard ratio = 0.22, P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.61) was associated with improved graft survival. Conclusion The finding of pyelonephritis on a transplant kidney biopsy is almost always a surprise but is an important finding. Treatment with antibiotics, regardless of signs or symptoms of urinary tract infection, is associated with improved graft survival.
Regulation of β-Catenin Function by the IκB Kinases

Both the β-catenin and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) proteins are important regulators of gene expression and cellular proliferation. Two kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, are critical activators of the NF-κB pathway. Here we present evidence that these kinases are also important in the regulation of β-catenin function. IKKα- and IKKβ-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts exhibited different patterns of β-catenin cellular localization. IKKβ decreases β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation, while IKKα increases β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity. IKKα and IKKβ interact with and phosphorylate β-catenin using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results suggest that differential interactions of β-catenin with IKKα and IKKβ may in part be responsible for regulating β-catenin protein levels and cellular localization and integrating signaling events between the NF-κB and Wingless pathways.
Biologics in organ transplantation.

Summary The last two decades have witnessed a pandemic in antibody development, with over 600 entering clinical studies and a total of 28 approved by the FDA and European Union. The incorporation of biologics in transplantation has made a significant impact on allograft survival. Herein, we review the armamentarium of clinical and preclinical biologics used for organ transplantation – with the exception of belatacept – from depleting and IL-2R targeting induction agents to costimulation blockade, B-cell therapeutics, BAFF and complement inhibition, anti-adhesion, and anti-cytokine approaches. While individual agents may be insufficient for tolerance induction, they provide possibilities for reduction of steroid or calcineurin inhibitor use, alternatives to rejection episodes refractory to conventional therapies, and specialized immunosuppression for highly sensitized patients.
A study in contradictions: The origins and legacy of the housing act of 1949

Abstract The origins and legacy of the Housing Act of 1949 reflect the conflicting impulses of the political leaders who created it and the complexity of the forces it attempted to control. Its history is studded with contradictions. Through its public housing program, the act provided housing for low‐income families; through its urban redevelopment program, it cleared slums and destroyed affordable housing units. Twenty‐five years after its passage, many observers concluded that public housing and urban renewal programs were fostering the slums and blight they were meant to eradicate. Even as policy makers abandoned the methods the act prescribed and adopted one housing and redevelopment program after another, they adhered resolutely to its goals. Hence, although its programs have been deemed failures, the vision of the Housing Act of 1949—to revitalize American cities and provide a decent home for every American family—remains undimmed.
Differential regulation of the c-myc oncogene promoter by the NF-kappa B rel family of transcription factors.

Abstract The murine c-myc gene contains two elements responsive to the rel-oncogene-related family of NF-kappa B factors. Previously we have shown that factor binding to these two NF-kappa B elements mediates induction of transcription of the c-myc promoter upon interleukin-1 treatment of human dermal fibroblasts and human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax gene expression in T cells (D. J. Kessler, M. P. Duyao, D. B. Spicer, and G. E. Sonenshein, J. Exp. Med. 176:787-792, 1992; M. P. Duyao, D. J. Kessler, D. B. Spicer, C. Bartholomew, J. L. Cleveland, M. Siekevitz, and G. E. Sonenshein, J. Biol. Chem. 267:16288-16291, 1992). To begin to delineate the specific roles of the individual members of the NF-kappa B family, here we have tested their effects on activation of a c-myc promoter/exon 1-CAT construct in NIH 3T3 cells. Classical NF-kappa B (p65/p50) was a potent transcriptional activator of the c-myc promoter. Cotransfection with either p65 alone or p65 in combination with p50 mediated significant induction. In contrast, expression of either v-rel or chicken c-rel failed to transactivate, while murine c-rel induced c-myc promoter activity only slightly. Furthermore, induction by classical NF-kappa B was inhibited by coexpression of either v-rel or chicken c-rel. Thus, individual members of the rel family have differential effects of the c-myc promoter, which can modulate overall transcriptional activity and allow for precise regulation of this oncogene under diverse physiologic conditions.
Security in Wireless Networks and Devices

It is not feasible to discuss security in wireless networks without a thorough understanding of the working of wireless devices and networks. In fact, as we first set out to teach the computer network infrastructure in Chap. 1 in order to teach network security, we are going, in the first parts of this chapter, to discuss the wireless network infrastructure. As was the case in Chap. 1, it is not easy to discuss a network infrastructure in a few paragraphs and expect a reader to feel comfortable enough to deal with the security issues based on the infrastructure. So, although we are promising the reader to be brief, our discussion of the wireless infrastructure may seem long to some readers and sometimes confusing to others. Bear with us as we dispose of the necessary theory for a good understanding of wireless security.
Eta-quotients and elliptic curves

In this paper we list all the weight 2 newforms f(r) that are products and quotients of the Dedekind eta-function 71(r) = 1/24 17 (1 qn) n=1 where q := e2iT,. There are twelve such f (r), and we give a model for the strong Weil curve E whose Hasse-Weil L-function is the Mellin transform for each of them. Five of the f(T) have complex multiplication, and we give elementary formulae for their Fourier coefficients which are sums of Hecke Gr6ssencharacter values. These formulae follow easily from well known q-series infinite product identities. In light of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by A. Wiles and R. Taylor, there have been many expository articles describing the nature of the ShimuraTaniyama conjecture, the conjecture which asserts that every elliptic curve E over Q is modular. This implies that the Hasse-Weil L-function of an elliptic curve E with conductor N over Q,
An advancement in cyclic plasticity modeling for multiaxial ratcheting simulation

Abstract In a search for a constitutive model for ratcheting simulations, the models by Chaboche, Ohno–Wang, McDowell, Jiang–Sehitoglu, Voyiadjis–Basuroychowdhury and AbdelKarim–Ohno are evaluated against a set of uniaxial and biaxial ratcheting responses. With the assumption of invariant shape of the yield surface during plastic loading, the ratcheting simulations for uniaxial loading are primarily a function of the plastic modulus calculation, whereas the simulations for multiaxial loading are sensitive to the kinematic hardening rule of a model. This characteristic of the above mentioned models is elaborated in this paper. It is demonstrated that if all parameters of the kinematic hardening rule are determined from uniaxial responses only, these parameters primarily enable a better plastic modulus calculation. However, in this case the role of the kinematic hardening rule in representing the ratcheting responses for multiaxial loading is under-appreciated. This realization motivated many researchers to incorporate multiaxial load dependent terms or parameters into the kinematic hardening rule. This paper evaluates some of these modified rules and finds that none is general enough to simulate the ratcheting responses consistently for the experiments considered. A modified kinematic hardening rule is proposed using the idea of Delobelle and his co-workers in the framework of the Chaboche model. This new rule introduces only one multiaxial load dependent parameter to the Chaboche model, but performs the best in simulating all the ratcheting responses considered.
Hexa-acylation and KDO2-glycosylation determine the specific immunostimulatory activity of Neisseria meningitidis lipid A for human monocyte derived dendritic cells

To better understand immune modulation by endotoxin and facilitate the development of novel vaccine adjuvants, the structural requirements of Neisseria meningitidis lipopoly(oligo)saccharide (LOS) for activation of human monocyte derived dendritic cell (MDDC) was determined. Highly purified LOS from wild type and genetically-defined mutants of N. meningitidis serogroup B were used. Unglycosylated or penta-acylated meningococcal KDO(2)-lipid A failed to induce human MDDC maturation and activation. However, both wild type meningococcal LOS and KDO(2)-lipid A, significantly up-regulated CD80, CD83 and CD86 and released significantly higher amounts of IL-12p70, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha, MCP-1, IP-10 and RANTES. Further, DCs stimulated with wild type or KDO(2)-lipid A but not meningococcal lipid A or penta-acylated KDO(2)-lipid A stimulated naive allogeneic CD4+ T cells to secrete enhanced levels of IFN-gamma, relative to T cells primed with immature DCs. In contrast to Escherichia coli LPS, IL-5 production was enhanced or maintained in CD4+ T-cells stimulated with MDDC exposed to wild-type meningococcal LOS and KDO(2)-lipid A. These data suggest that KDO linked to a fully acylated meningococcal lipid A is required for meningococcal endotoxin's immunostimulatory activity of human MDDC via TLR4/MD-2 and that different endotoxin structures influence Th responses mediated by MDDC.
Abstract 1330: Immunotherapy targeting folate receptor induces autophagy in ovarian cancer

Objective Cancer cells are highly dependent on folate metabolism for replication of DNA, making these cells susceptible to drugs that inhibit folate metabolism. Herein, we investigated the functional mechanism underlying blockade of folate receptor (FR) in human ovarian cancer with MORAb-003 antibody, a humanized monoclonal antibody directly against folate receptor 1 (FRα). Methods We first used FACS analysis and real-time PCR to compare the expression of FRα in several human ovarian cancer cells. We then examined the tumor growth in the orthotopic models of human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and A2780. Consequently, we performed in vitro genomic and proteomic profiling in these cells to identify the functional mechanism of MORAb-003. Results Among 7 human ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3ip1 cells have the highest levels of FRα and A2780 cells have the lowest. In vivo, MORAb-003 monotherapy led to significantly decreased tumor growth in the SKOV3ip1 model, but not in the A2780 model. Combination of MORAb-003 and docetaxel resulted in significantly greater reduction in tumor growth in the SKOV3ip1 model, but not in the A2780 model. MORAb-003 reduced proliferation but had no significant effect on apoptosis. Reverse-phase array analysis in SKOV3 cells revealed MORAb-003 up-regulated autophagic factors including PEA-15, Beclin-1, and ATG3 and down-regulated mTOR. cDNA microarray further showed that MORAb-003 up-regulated the expression of BECN1, ATG8, ATG3 and LC3B. Levels of Beclin-1 and LC3B were substantially increased in SKOV3 tumors treated with MORAb-003 alone or in combination with docetaxel, but not in A2780 tumors. Using FACS analysis with acridine orange (AO) staining, we observed significantly more AO positive population in SKOV3 cells treated with MORAb-003 alone (16.9%) or MORAb-003+docetaxel (21.2%) than in cells treated with control IgG (5.24%). Such differences were not observed in A2780 cells. Finally, we measured conversion of LC3 from isoform I to isoform II in cells treated with MORAb-003, and observed the significantly increased LC3II in SKOV3 cells but not in A2780 cells. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that MORAb-003 results in prominent anti-tumor activity through inducing sustained autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: Yun-Fei Wen, Whitney Spannuth Graybill, Department of Gyneocologic Oncology, Anil Sood. Immunotherapy targeting folate receptor induces autophagy in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1330. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1330
Constitutive Gradients and Pore Tolerance in Two Weldments

The mechanical constitutive behavior of welded components is difficult to characterize at any size scale, but particularly challenging in the case of sub-millimeter welds such as produced by laser welding. Recently emerging digital image correlation (DIC) techniques provide a means for extracting local constitutive response. The tensile stress-strain response of laser welded austenitic 304L is evaluated in the present study. Weld fusion zones were found to have slightly higher yield strengths than the corresponding basemetal, and retained significant ductility (~45%). In this ductile, flaw tolerant stainless steel, the local weld ductility was essentially unaffected by the presence of weld-root porosity which was induced only by pulsed laser welding. In contrast, in a parallel study on the local constitutive properties of a welded Ni-Gd-Mo-Gd alloy with much less macroscopic ductility, the presence of weld root porosity was found to localize strain only in the vicinity of the largest pores, causing premature failure at low macroscopic strains.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Frequency, Management, and Outcome of Extravasation of Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Medium in 69 657 Intravenous Injections

Purpose: To determine retrospectively the frequency, management, and outcomes of extravasations of intravenously injected nonionic iodinated contrast medium. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. The study was HIPAA compliant. For 69 657 intravenous injections of nonionic iodinated contrast medium for computed tomographic examinations between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2005, the incident reports, radiology reports, and medical records of patients in whom contrast medium extravasations occurred were reviewed. Data collected included patient age, catheter gauge, injection site, volume extravasated, patient symptoms, severity of injury, treatment, whether or not the plastic surgery service was consulted and any additional treatment that service instituted, and patient outcome. Results: Extravasations occurred in 475 (0.7%) of 69 657 patients, and follow-up information was available for 442 adults (280 women, 162 men; ...
Blunt traumatic hematuria in children. Is a simplified algorithm justified

Purpose: We determined whether radiographic evaluation is indicated in all children with traumatic hematuria.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 110 children from 1992 to 1999 diagnosed with blunt trauma and hematuria. It is routine practice at our emergency department to perform radiographic evaluation in all children with hematuria regardless of the degree. Each chart was evaluated for the mechanism of injury, degree of hematuria, hypotension, imaging studies, renal injury, renal anomalies, associated injuries and outcome.Results: A total of 110 patients 1 to 18 years old (mean age 9) were identified. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 37 children (34%), followed by a fall in 32 (29%). Grades I to V renal injury was present in 5, 6, 6, 6 and 1 cases, respectively (22%), while 1 (0.9%) involved ureteropelvic junction avulsion. No child had renal pedicle injury. In 9 patients renal anomalies were detected incidentally. Of the 110 patients 101 un...
Spinal Cord Atrophy and Reorganization of Motoneuron Connections Following Long-Standing Limb Loss in Primates

Primates with long-standing therapeutic amputations of a limb at a young age were used to investigate the possibility that deefferented motor nerves sprout to new muscle targets. Injections of anatomical tracers into the muscles proximal to the amputated stump labeled a larger extent of motoneurons than matched injections on the intact side or in normal animals, including motoneurons that would normally supply only the missing limb muscles. Although the total numbers of distal limb motoneurons remained normal, some distal limb motoneurons on the amputated side were smaller in size and simpler in form. These results suggest that deprived motoneurons survive and retain function by reinnervating new muscle targets. The sprouted motor efferents may account for some of the reorganization of primary motor cortex that follows long-standing amputation.
Religious coping and problem‐solving by couples faced with prostate cancer

Religion can be an important resource for people struggling with chronic illness. Problem-solving skills have also been shown to be helpful. This study examined whether turning to religion as a coping resource would be associated with better problem-solving in couples trying to manage challenges associated with prostate cancer. The sample was 101 patients with prostate cancer and their wives. Wives completed the Social Problem-Solving Inventory--Revised at baseline (T1) and 10 weeks later (T2). Patients and their wives also completed a measure that included items on religious coping. These items were used to classify couples into four groups based on whether one or both members engaged in religious coping: (1) husband only, (2) wife only, (3) both husband and wife, and (4) neither husband nor wife. From T1 to T2, wives who used religious coping along with their husbands (group 3) showed a significantly greater reduction in dysfunctional problem-solving (specifically, on impulsive/careless problem-solving) in comparison with wives who used religious coping while their husbands did not (group 2). Findings suggest that when couples share in turning to religion as a source of coping, this may be associated with improved problem-solving, but sole engagement in religious coping by wives may be associated with worse problem-solving.
Nonuniform residual-stress measurement by hole-drilling method

Considering the general stress field as the summation of two terms of a power series, a method for the measurement of nonuniform stress fields in thin plates by the hole-drilling method has been devised. The relieved-strain equations for the uniform and linear terms of the assumed power series have been calculated and the related constants of these equations for a range of hole diameter have been plotted.
Determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations using high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract An improved high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin™) in pharmaceutical preparations has been developed. A liquid-solid system using microporous silica (Zorbax) as the stationary phase and 3.8% 0.5 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) in isopropanol as the mobile phase gave optimum separation of doxorubicin hydrochloride from the excipient (lactose) and minor impurities. The doxorubicin hydrochloride content of a 10-mg vial can be determined in 25–30 min with a relative standard deviation of 3.2%. Results compare favorably with those obtained by established thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric procedures. The sensitivity of the method is sufficiently high (nanogram range) for possible use in metabolic or pharmacological studies.
Decoder-aided multidata detection of COFDM-CDMA waveforms on HF multipath/fading channels

ABSTRACT Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely used technique for data transmission on multipath fading channels. The multipath component of these types of channels causes a phenomenon known as frequency selective fading. This type of fading can severely degrade or completely eliminate the signal energy of many of the OFDM tones producing an irreducible error rate, even when no noise is present. In the early 1990s, researchers combined some of the characteristics of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Spread Spectrum (SS) with OFDM in order to create a more robust modulation scheme capable of surviving frequency selective fading without the need for forward error correction (FEC) techniques and thus OFDM-CDMA was born. Similar to OFDM, FEC coding can be added to OFDM-CDMA waveforms to further improve performance (referred to as COFDM-CDMA). An additional performance improvement possible for COFDM-CDMA is to exploit the output of the FEC decoder in an iterative fashion. This paper will investigate the possible performance benefits of feeding back the decoded FEC data bits to the mutiuser (i.e. multidata) detection (MUD) scheme of COFDM-CDMA waveforms on various HF multipath/fading channels. Keywords: COFDM, CDMA, ITERATIVE DETECTION, CODED, MUD, CHANNEL ESTIMATION, HF, MULTIPATH, FADING
Daily physical activity and menopausal hot flashes: Applying a novel within-person approach to demonstrate individual differences

Background Physical activity (PA) may be a useful tool in the management of menopausal hot flashes (HFs) but findings are generally inconsistent. There are few well-designed and sufficiently powered RCTs. Applying a longitudinal within-person approach offers an alternative way to examine the PA-HFs relationship which enables complete accommodation of inter-individual differences.
Epitaxial nucleation model for chiral-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on bimetallic catalyst surfaces

Abstract An epitaxial nucleation model for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth on bimetallic catalysts surfaces is reported in support of experimental observations of chiral enrichment. We model the bimetallic catalyst surfaces as a 2D (1 1 1) surface consisting of Ni or a combination of Ni and Fe atoms, with varying average bond length between nearest neighbor atoms which corresponds to the crystal structure of the alloys. The energies associated with nanotube cap formation on these various surfaces are calculated using density functional theory (DFT). We find that certain cap chiralities, such as (8, 4), are more stably bound to a surface that resembles a Ni 0.27 Fe 0.73 bimetallic catalyst, whereas other chiralities, such as (9, 4), are more stable on a pure Ni surface. These results help explain the predominance of certain chiralities on specific bimetallic catalysts and provide a potential route to controlling the chirality of as-grown SWCNTs.
A posteriori error analysis for finite element methods with projection operators as applied to explicit time integration techniques

We derive a posteriori error estimates for two classes of explicit finite difference schemes for ordinary differential equations. To facilitate the analysis, we derive a systematic reformulation of the finite difference schemes as finite element methods. The a posteriori error estimates quantify various sources of discretization errors, including effects arising from explicit discretization. This provides a way to judge the relative sizes of the contributions, which in turn can be used to guide the choice of various discretization parameters in order to achieve accuracy in an efficient way. We demonstrate the accuracy of the estimate and the behavior of various error contributions in a set of numerical examples.
Tablet-based valuators that provide one, two, or three degrees of freedom

The ability of the user of a graphics system to interactively control the motions of 3-D objects enhances his or her spatial perception and comprehension of those objects. This paper describes several logical devices based on the tablet, each particularly suited to control some type of interactive manipulation of 2-D and 3-D objects in real time. The “turntable” and the “stirrer” convert rotary motion of the tablet pen or puck into values for one-axis rotational control; the “rack”, a two-axis device, is used for scaling control; for three-axis rotational control, the tablet-based three-axis trackball is particularly suited.
A Generalized Computer Simulation Model for Fish Population Studies

Abstract A generalized computer model for fish population simulation and maximum yield determination is described. The model utilizes age-specific natural mortality rates, growth rates, relative fecundities, and any desired stock-recruitment relationship. Best harvest strategies are found by treating long-term yield as a response surface on the set of age- and year-specific fishing rates. The model is illustrated using data on arctic cod, stream brook trout, and on a hypothetical population with strong age-class dominance. Best predicted management strategies include periodic harvest when age at entry to the fishery cannot be controlled, but maximum yield is usually obtained with constant fishing rate.
Coulomb Excitation of Sb, Cs, and Ba

Coulomb excitation of several nuclei in the region between A = l23 and 137 has resulted in observation of the following gamma rays: Sb/sup 123/, 161 and 376 kev; Cs/sup 133/, 82, Ba/sup 135/, 218 kev; and Ba/sup 137/, 281 kev. Values of reduced transition probability for excitation are given for most of the above gamma rays. In the case of Cs/sup 133/, absolute intensities and branching ratios are given for the gamma rays in the decay of the upper excited states. Level schemes are proposed based on coincidence studies and excitation curves. (auth)
Glutaminase induced prolonged regression of established Ehrlich carcinoma.

Abstract Glutaminase treatment of mice bearing an asparaginase-resistant Ehrlich carcinoma resulted in complete regression of one week established tumors in 67 to 80 percent of animals and more than 200 percent prolongation of survival time to date. Combination of glutaminase with asparaginase did not produce a better therapeutic effect than glutaminase alone.
Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo as Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychological Distress, and Relationship Satisfaction in Hispanic Veterans

An online survey was used to examine 45 Hispanic male veterans’ traditional machismo and caballerismo as correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, and relationship satisfaction. Higher traditional machismo was associated with higher PTSD severity and distress and lower relationship satisfaction. Psychometric properties of the Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo Scale were explored. Se utilizo una encuesta en linea para examinar el machismo y el caballerismo tradicionales de 45 veteranos hispanos varones, y su correlacion con el trastorno de estres post-traumatico (PTSD, por sus siglas en ingles), la angustia psicologica y la satisfaccion en sus relaciones. Un mayor nivel de machismo tradicional se asocio con una mayor severidad del PTSD, asi como con angustia y una menor satisfaccion en las relaciones. Se exploraron las propiedades psicometricas de la Escala de Machismo y Caballerismo Tradicionales.
Cost-benefit analysis of alternative programs of vaccination against rubella in Israel.

Abstract Rubella, a highly contagious disease, reached epidemic proportions in Isreal in 1972 andis forecast to attain an elevated dimension in 1984. To prevent susceptibility to this disease, several vaccination programmes have been universally implemented with varying degrees of success. A cost-benefit analysis of three major programmes was performed to determine which alternative would maximize prevention of rubella while at the same time minimizing cost: (1) vaccinate all pre-pubertal children; (2) vaccinate children between 12 and 14 years old; and (3) vaccinate adult females. The cost side included expenditures for abortion, contraceptives, institutional care, manpower needs, working days forgone and vaccine. Benefits are defined in terms of the reduction in both total and partial costs associated with the additional immunity gained from each programme. The results indicate that cost-benefit ratios over the 1984–1995 period exceed one in all years for Programme 2, are mixed for Programme 1, and are uniformly under one for Programme 3. The magnitude of rubella cases in 1984 was estimated by a Delphi Opinion Poll.
Self and Interpersonal Correlates of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A Review and New Findings

Abstract The relation between the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI, Raskin & Hall, 1979) and conceptually relevant self and interpersonal variables was examined in three investigations. Based on clinical theory and description, it was proposed that the NPI would be correlated with self-images which were positive but low in complexity and vulnerable to threat. In addition, it was hypothesized that the NPI would be associated with antagonism and hostility, characteristics that should contribute to narcissists′ frequently observed interpersonal difficulties. As expected, the NPI was associated with extremely positive self-images as well as low self-complexity (Study 1). High NPI scores were also associated with a self-aggrandizing attributional style (Study 1) and higher scores on hostility and antagonism (Study 2). High NPI scorers appeared to benefit the most from the perception of available social support during periods of high stress. The findings are discussed with regard to the construct validity of the NPI and adaptive versus maladaptive aspects of narcissistic behavior.
The mechanism of unimolecular decomposition of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane. A computational DFT study.

By using the B3LYP level of density functional theory, possible decomposition reaction pathways of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) in the gas phase have been investigated. We have found several types of reactions for this process: homolytic cleavage of an N−N bond to form the NO2• group; HONO elimination; C−C and C−N bonds breaking leading to ring opening; and H-migration. On the basis of the results of computation scanning of the potential energy surface, the most favorite pathway of CL-20 unimolecular decomposition that results in the formation of the stable aromatic compound 1,5-dihydrodiimidazo[4,5-b:4‘,5‘-e]pyrazine has been proposed.
A functionally unique anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with basal keratinocytes

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 147, 446, and 454 each recognize different epitopes of CD3. The CD3 epitope recognized by mAb 446 is functionally unique for the T cell. In contrast to mAb 147 and 454, mAb 446 induces modulation of surface CD3 with delayed kinetics and, hence, is impaired in inducing a refractory state in the T cell to subsequent anti-CD3-induced helper function. MAb 446 (but not other anti-CD3 mAb, including mAb 147, 454, OKT3, and anti-Leu4) recognizes a cytoplasmic determinant within basal keratinocytes. Extraction of keratinocytes with nonionic detergent and 2 M NaCl abolished subsequent staining with mAb 446 but enhanced subsequent staining with anti-keratin mAb, suggesting that this cross-reactive determinant is not keratin. Immunoprecipitation of internally labeled keratinocytes with the anti-CD3 mAb 147 and 446 failed to reveal specific bands, whereas these same mAb immunoprecipitated specific bands from internally labeled CD3+ Jurkat cells corresponding to previously identified CD3 subunits, suggesting that the cross-reactive determinant in keratinocytes is also not CD3. The cross-reactivity is not species specific, in that mAb 446 stained a mouse keratinocyte line, nor is it absolutely keratinocyte specific, in that mAb 446 stained one of the two nonkeratinocyte human epithelial cell lines tested. This study raises the possibility that perturbation of unique CD3 epitopes may have unique effects on T cell surface events and subsequent activation and function.
Mechanics of axial plastic collapse in multi-cell, multi-corner crush tubes

Quasi-static nonlinear finite element simulations are performed to study the energy absorption characteristics of axially crushed thin-walled aluminum tubes with different multi-cell, multi-corner configurations. By considering the kinematically consistent representation of plastic collapse as observed in the crush simulations, an analytical formula for the mean crush force is derived using the super folding element theory. In this model, the isotropic material is treated as rigid-perfectly plastic and the total internal energy is calculated by considering both bending and membrane deformation during the folding process. The simulation results show a strong correlation between the cross-sectional geometry and the crush response of the tubes. The analytical predictions for the mean crush force are compared with the FE results as well as other analytical models reported in the literature.
Biochemical oscillations: The opposite dynamical effects of competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors

Abstract In a potentially oscillatory biochemical system, competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme have opposite effects on the steady-state react
Intrapatient Variations in Type 1 Diabetes-specific iPS Cell Differentiation into Insulin-producing Cells

Nuclear reprogramming of adult somatic tissue enables embryo-independent generation of autologous, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Exploiting this emergent regenerative platform for individualized medicine applications requires the establishment of bioequivalence criteria across derived pluripotent lines and lineage-specified derivatives. Here, from individual patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) multiple human iPS clones were produced and prospectively screened using a battery of developmental markers to assess respective differentiation propensity and proficiency in yielding functional insulin (INS)-producing progeny. Global gene expression profiles, pluripotency expression patterns, and the capacity to differentiate into SOX17- and FOXA2-positive definitive endoderm (DE)-like cells were comparable among individual iPS clones. However, notable intrapatient variation was evident upon further guided differentiation into HNF4α- and HNF1β-expressing primitive gut tube, and INS- and glucagon (GCG)-expressing islet-like cells. Differential dynamics of pluripotency-associated genes and pancreatic lineage-specifying genes underlined clonal variance. Successful generation of glucose-responsive INS-producing cells required silencing of stemness programs as well as the induction of stage-specific pancreatic transcription factors. Thus, comprehensive fingerprinting of individual clones is mandatory to secure homogenous pools amenable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications of iPS cells from patients with T1D.
Masking protection in the perception of auditory objects

Abstract Three experiments demonstrate the phenomenon of masking protection, where the threshold for identifying a brief masked signal is lowered when that signal is presented in conjunction with other sounds that provide no information about the correct response and which are separated from the distinctive signal by more than a critical band Gordon, 1997a , Gordon, 1997b . The first experiment shows that listeners' thresholds for distinguishing a low tone (375 Hz) from a high tone (625 Hz) is lower when those tones are accompanied by a synthetic speech sound that combines with the tones to give percepts of / i / or /e/, respectively. This effect is reliable for individual listeners and involves a change in perceptual sensitivity. The second experiment shows that a similar lowering of identification thresholds is produced when the distinctive signals are combined with high-frequency, acoustic energy that does not prompt a speech percept. The third experiment shows that identification thresholds are elevated when the non-distinctive, high-frequency acoustic energy leads and lags the distinctive signals. The results of the experiments indicate that mechanisms of perceptual object formation that exploit the temporal alignment of energy changes across the spectrum can contribute to the accurate identification of speech and non-speech sounds.
Evidence for the Recurrence of Large-Magnitude Earthquakes Along the Makran Coast of Iran and Pakistan

(Accepted for publication June 8, 1978) ABSTRACT: Page, W.D., Alt, J.N., Cluff, L.S. and Plafker, G., 1979. Evidence for the recurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes along the Makran coast of Iran and Pakistan. In: C.A. Whitten, R. Green and B.K. Meade (Editors), Recent Crustal Movements, 1977. Tectonophysics, 52: 533-547. The presence of raised beaches and marine terraces along the Makran coast indicates episodic uplift of the continental margin resulting from large-magnitude earthquakes. The uplift occurs as incremental steps similar in height to the 1-3 m of measured uplift resulting from the November 28, 1945 ( M 8.3) earthquake at Pasni and Ormara, Pakistan. The data support an E—W-trending, active subduction zone off the Makran coast. The raised beaches and wave-cut terraces along the Makran coast are extensive with some terraces 1-2 km wide, 10-15 m long and up to 500 m in elevation. The terraces are generally capped with shelly sandstones 0.5-5 m thick. Wave-cut cliffs, notches, and associated boulder breccia and swash troughs are locally preserved. Raised Holocene accretion beaches, lagoonal deposits, and tombolos are found up to 10 m in elevation. The number and elevation of raised wave-cut terraces along the Makran coast increase eastward from one at Jask, the entrance to the Persian Gulf, at a few meters elevation, to nine at Konarak, 250 km to the east. Multiple terraces are found on the prominent headlands as far east as Karachi. The wave-cut terraces are locally tilted and cut by faults with a few meters of displacement. Long-term, average rates of uplift were calculated from present elevation, estimated elevation at time of deposition, and 14 C and U—Th dates obtained on shells. Uplift rates in centimeters per year at various locations from west to east are as follows: Jask, 0 (post-Sangamon); Konarak, 0.031-0.2 (Holocene), 0.01 (post-Sangamon); Ormara 0.2 (Holocene).
Repairable spare parts management simulator

The development of simulator system as a support to repairable spare parts management is reported. Through the use of this type of tool is possible to evaluate the behavior of a multiechelon - multitem spare parts inventory as a function of different stock levels, minimizing shortages and restricted to a given budget. The simulation constitutes a useful tool to evaluate different decision alternatives.
Mechanisms of Non-Genetic Inheritance and Psychiatric Disorders

Inheritance is typically associated with the Mendelian transmission of information from parents to offspring by alleles (DNA sequence). However, empirical data clearly suggest that traits can be acquired from ancestors by mechanisms that do not involve genetic alleles, referred to as non-genetic inheritance. Information that is non-genetically transmitted across generations includes parental experience and exposure to certain environments, but also parental mutations and polymorphisms, because they can change the parental 'intrinsic' environment. Non-genetic inheritance is not limited to the first generation of the progeny, but can involve the grandchildren and even further generations. Non-genetic inheritance has been observed for multiple traits including overall development, cardiovascular risk and metabolic symptoms, but this review will focus on the inheritance of behavioral abnormalities pertinent to psychiatric disorders. Multigenerational non-genetic inheritance is often interpreted as the transmission of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and chromatin modifications, via the gametes (transgenerational epigenetic inheritance). However, information can be carried across generations by a large number of bioactive substances, including hormones, cytokines, and even microorganisms, without the involvement of the gametes. We reason that this broader definition of non-genetic inheritance is more appropriate, especially in the context of psychiatric disorders, because of the well-recognized role of parental and early life environmental factors in later life psychopathology. Here we discuss the various forms of non-genetic inheritance in humans and animals, as well as rodent models of psychiatric conditions to illustrate possible mechanisms.