cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
House of Mirrors: Textual Variation and the Mirror for Magistrates

Lily B. Campbell's 1938 edition has decisively shaped current scholarship on the Mirror for Magistrates, a sixteenth/seventeenth-century poem taking as its subject British history. Though sixteen texts calling themselves the Mirror for Magistrates (or some variation thereon) were published between 1554/5 and 1620, under the leadership of several editors (William Baldwin, John Higgins, Thomas Blenerhasset, and Richard Niccols), Campbell focuses on the earlier versions, selectively including the 1554/5–1587 editions (the material edited by or connected to Baldwin), and excluding the seventeenth-century texts entirely. My essay endeavors first to illuminate this complex textual history, and to suggest that a reckoning with the Mirror whole opens on to some crucial concerns for the literary history of the period, such as the role of the printer in producing the text, the uses of history in public discourse, and the status of the author in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
State Motor Vehicle Laws and Older Drivers

After teenage males, elderly individuals have the highest per capita motor vehicle fatality rate in the United States. Surprisingly, there has been only limited work examining the effect of state motor vehicle laws on older driver fatalities. This paper uses state-level data from the 1985-2000 Fatality Analysis Reporting System to examine the effects of changes in state laws dealing with license renewal, seatbelt use, speed limits, and driving while intoxicated on fatalities among drivers and others aged 65 and over. Negative binomial regressions are estimated using alternatively state and year fixed effects, or age and year fixed effects. In-person license renewal reduced fatalities among the oldest drivers, but vision tests, road tests and the length of the license renewal cycle generally did not. In terms of policies that apply to all drivers, seatbelt laws, particularly with primary enforcement, were generally the only policies that reduced older driver fatalities. These results are noteworthy because a number of policies that have been effective towards increasing younger driver safety are not relevant for older drivers, implying that policymakers must think broadly about using state laws to improve older driver safety.
Is education a lost cause? Žižek, schooling, and universal emancipation

This paper discusses the work of Slavoj Žižek and links several of his ideas to educational contexts. After giving a brief background on his unique intellectual perspective, I pull three themes (control, torture, and politics) from his body of work, and I consider their educational connections and implications. I conclude by speculating on the future use of Žižek's work to educational philosophy and educational studies.
Terrorism and intelligence

Surprise is a crucial element in a successful terrorist attack. The terrorist chooses the time, location, and circumstances of the attack in order to neutralize the potentially greater strength of the defense forces. In a modern, interdependent society the target opportunities are manifold. An attempt to protect all potential targets would impose intolerable burdens on both the economic and social structure. Interception of the terrorist prior to his attacks thus becomes a key element in the rational response to the threat of terrorism. Interception requires timely and accurate information about the activities of those directly involved in terrorist activities and, equally important, about their network of supporters who provide shelter, equipment, and other assistance. The intelligence process seeks to provide such information. Properly conceived, the intelligence process is neither simple nor magical. It is much more than a name check against existing files. It is in fact an application of the scientific method. Language: en
An integrated deletion and physical map encompassing l71Rl, a chromosome 7 locus required for peri-implantation survival in the mouse.

l71Rl, a locus that maps just proximal to the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus in mouse chromosome 7, was initially identified as being required for early post-implantation survival. We define further the null phenotype of l71Rl as peri-implantation lethal, with homozygous mutant embryos degenerating between embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) and E5. 5. We constructed an integrated deletion/physical map covering a 1. 82-Mb chromosomal segment extending proximally from p. This map defines the minimum critical interval for l71Rl as an 80- to 300-kb region. This sequence-ready deletion/physical map should enable the cloning and characterization of the l71Rl gene(s).
Lateral mixing of water masses

Abstract The vertical transport of heat and salt in the “salt-finger” convective regime can be enhanced by the vertical shear of a “medium” scale motion. A weak shear converts compensating temperature-salinity variations on isopycnal surfaces into strong vertical T-S gradients. The cumulative and selective modification of the density field amplifies the medium scale motion. The generation of geostrophic shear by this mechanism is discussed using a basic state with uniform horizontal and vertical mean T-S gradients. It is suggested that the main halocline of the oceanic central waters tends to a marginally stable and statistically steady state which has no T-S variations on isopycnal surfaces. Dimensional considerations lead to an order of magnitude estimate of the r.m.s. geostrophic velocity.
A Short and Efficient Synthesis of (-)-7-Methylomuralide, a Potent Proteasome Inhibitor

Short, practical, and scalable syntheses of (±)-7-methylomuralide and (−)-7-methylomuralide have been developed. Three consecutive tandem reaction pairs establish all of the carbons and the stereochemistry of the target molecule, vastly simplifying the synthetic scheme from N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl glycine. The chiral directing group controls the absolute stereochemistry of the key aldol reaction.
Forms of Lepage type and the balance systems

In this work we apply infinitesimal variational calculus to the systems of balance equations. We determine a class of the exterior n+(n+1)-forms Θ on the jet bundle of infinite order over a configurational bundle π:Yn+m→Xn similar to the class of Lepage n-forms. Systems of differential equations obtained in the way similar to one used in the Lagrangian field theory, include the Euler–Lagrange equations corresponding to a Lagrangian functions as well as arbitrary regular systems of balance equations. For a balance system with a symmetry group G we present the Noether balance laws corresponding to the generators of the Lie algebra of the group G.
Modular Semantic Tagging of Medline Abstracts and Its Use in Inferring Regulatory Networks

We describe Meds tract Plus, a resource for mining relations from the Medline bibliographic database that is currently under construction. It was built on the remains of Meds tract, a previously created resource that included a bio-relation server and an acronym database. Meds tract Plus uses simple and scalable natural language processing modules to structure text, is designed with reusability and extendibility in mind, and adheres to the philosophy of the Linguistic Annotation Framework. We show how Meds tract Plus has been used to provide seeds for a novel approach to inferring transcriptional regulatory networks from gene expression data.
Two-Year Outcomes of Treatment for Methamphetamine Use

While evaluation research supports the general effectiveness of substance abuse treatment, there is not a comprehensive literature on treatment effectiveness for methamphetamine (MA) use. The authors consider three outcome measures--MA use, criminal activity, and employment--compared across three periods: 24-months pretreatment, during treatment, and 24-months post-treatment. Data are from an intensive natural history interview conducted two to three years after treatment for 349 randomly selected admissions to treatment for MA abuse in a large publicly-funded county treatment system. Through this naturalistic design, data provide a system-wide perspective on effectiveness of treatment as usual. Results showed reduction in MA use and crime during and following treatment and increased employment following treatment over pretreatment levels. Regression analyses showed higher levels of education and more time in treatment related to more positive post-treatment outcomes for all three measures. Lower percentage of post-treatment months with MA use also was related to more pretreatment MA-related problems, lower pretreatment MA use, and residential (compared to outpatient) treatment modality. Lower post-treatment criminal activity was also related to gender (being female), lower pretreatment criminal activity, and residential modality. Higher percentage of post-treatment months with employment also was related to gender (being male), ethnicity (not African-American), and higher pretreatment employment.
nab-Paclitaxel for the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Update

Despite advances in the treatment of patients with nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung cancer remains a leading cause of death globally. Studies have demonstrated that survival varies according to histological subtype, and, in many cases, patients with squamous NSCLC have a poorer survival rate than those with nonsquamous NSCLC. For patients with squamous NSCLC, platinum-based doublets remain the standard first-line therapy option. This is in part because of the efficacy and safety concerns with some of the approved therapies and is secondary to the observation that many of the mutations targetable with currently approved therapies are rare in patients with squamous NSCLC. Recently, a subset analysis of a completed phase III trial demonstrated that use of nab-paclitaxel with carboplatin led to improved responses in patients with squamous NSCLC compared with solvent-based paclitaxel with carboplatin. In this review, the current experience and evolving role of nab-paclitaxel with carboplatin in the treatment of squamous NSCLC is discussed.
Drastic annealing effects in transport properties of single crystals of the YbNi 2 B 2 C heavy fermion system

We report temperature-dependent resistivity, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and thermoelectric power measurements made on the heavy fermion system ${\mathrm{YbNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C},$ for both as-grown and annealed single crystals. Our results demonstrate a significant variation in the temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power between as-grown crystals and crystals that have undergone optimal (150 h, $950\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C})$ annealing, whereas the thermodynamic properties $[{c}_{p}(T)$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)]$ remain almost unchanged. We interpret these results in terms of redistributions of local Kondo temperatures associated with ligandal disorder for a small $(\ensuremath{\sim}1%)$ fraction of the Yb sites.
Missing-tag detection and energy-time tradeoff in large-scale RFID systems with unreliable channels

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies are poised to revolutionize retail, warehouse, and supply chain management. One of their interesting applications is to automatically detect missing tags in a large storage space, which may have to be performed frequently to catch any missing event such as theft in time. Because RFID systems typically work under low-rate channels, past research has focused on reducing execution time of a detection protocol to prevent excessively long protocol execution from interfering normal inventory operations. However, when active tags are used for a large spatial coverage, energy efficiency becomes critical in prolonging the lifetime of these battery-powered tags. Furthermore, much of the existing literature assumes that the channel between a reader and tags is reliable, which is not always true in reality because of noise/interference in the environment. Given these concerns, this paper makes three contributions. First, we propose a novel protocol design that considers both energy efficiency and time efficiency. It achieves multifold reduction in both energy cost and execution time when compared to the best existing work. Second, we reveal a fundamental energy-time tradeoff in missing-tag detection, which can be flexibly controlled through a couple of system parameters in order to achieve desirable performance. Third, we extend our protocol design to consider channel error under two different models. We find that energy/time cost will be higher in unreliable channel conditions, but the energy-time tradeoff relation persists.
Longitudinal changes in engagement in care and viral suppression for HIV-infected injection drug users.

OBJECTIVE To examine temporal trends and predictors of linkage to HIV care, longitudinal retention in care and viral suppression among injection drug users (IDUs) infected with HIV. DESIGN Community-based, prospective cohort study. METHODS We prospectively studied 790 HIV-infected IDUs participating in the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) study from 1998 through 2011. IDUs were considered linked to care if they attended any HIV care visit during follow-up and retained in care if they reported HIV clinic attendance at every semi-annual study visit. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of poor retention in care and failure to achieve sustained viral suppression in response to ART. RESULTS Of 790 HIV-infected IDUs studied, 740 (93.6%) were ever linked to care. The majority of IDUs (76.7%) received ART at some point during observation and of these, most (85.4%) achieved viral suppression. However, over a median of 8.7 years of follow-up, only 241 (30.5%) IDUs were continuously retained with no 6-month lapses in HIV care and only 63 (10.2%) had sustained viral suppression at every study visit after first receiving ART. Suboptimal engagement in care was associated with poor access to medical care, active drug use, and incarceration. CONCLUSION Compared with national estimates of retention in care and virologic suppression in the United States, IDUs are substantially less likely to remain fully engaged in HIV care. Strategies to optimize HIV care should acknowledge the elevated risk of poor engagement in care among IDUs.
Multiperiod Forecasts of Interest Rates

The accuracy of forecasts of interest rates over different forecast horizons and time periods is examined. The results indicate a deterioration in “absolute” forecast accuracy measured by the mean absolute error and the root mean squared error but no decrease in “relative” accuracy measured by the Theil coefficient with an increase in the forecast span. The results also indicate a decline in accuracy in periods of volatile interest rates. Support is found for the hypothesis that the ratio of the variability of predicted changes to that of actual changes falls with an increase in the forecast horizon.
Evidence of Concurrent Prediction of the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS) for College Major Selection

This study examined evidence of concurrent criterion validity of the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS) for predicting college majors compared to that for the Strong Interest Inventory (SII). The sample consisted of 62 females and 66 males who were enrolled in an introductory psychology class at a large midwestern university. Data included each student's profile of scores on the interest and skill components of the CISS Occupational Scales and on the SII Occupational Scales, and information regarding her or his chosen major. Students' college majors were matched with Occupational Scales on the CISS and SII profiles, and hit rates were calculated to determine the accuracy of the scores for identifying college majors. Excellent and moderately good matches were found between chosen majors and the interest component of the CISS Occupational Scales for 69.3% of the women and 75.8% of the men. In addition, the results of this study indicated that the interest component of the CISS Occupational Scales and...
Dose–response to type V group B streptococcal polysaccharide–tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in healthy adults

Abstract A phase 1, dose-escalating trial was conducted in healthy adults to evaluate immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a type V group B streptococcal (GBS) capsular polysaccharide (CPS)–tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine. Participants received one dose of unconjugated V CPS (37 μg), V–TT (2.4 μg CPS/1.1 μg TT), V–TT (9.6 μg CPS/4.3 μg TT) or V–TT (38.5 μg CPS/17.0 μg TT). Each vaccine and all doses of V–TT were well-tolerated. V CPS-specific antibodies reached a peak 4–8 weeks after immunization and were significantly higher through 52 weeks post-immunization in recipients of V–TT at each dose than in uncoupled CPS vaccinees. V–TT vaccine-induced antibodies promoted opsonophagocytic killing of type V GBS and avidity maturation of V CPS-specific IgG.
Superconformal invariance in two dimensions and the tricritical Ising model

Abstract We discuss the realization of superconformal invariance in two dimensional quantum field theory. The Hilbert space of a superconformal theory splits into two sectors; one a representation of the Neveu-Schwarz algebra, the other of the Ramond algebra. We introduce the spin fields which intertwine the two sectors and correspond to the irreducible representations of the Ramond algebra. We give the determinant formula for the Ramond algebra and the discrete list of possible unitary representations. We have previously noted that the Z2 even sector of the tricritical Ising model is a representation of the Neveu-Schwarz algebra. Here we complete the picture by showing that the Z2 odd sector forms a representation of the Ramond algebra. This system is the first experimentally realizable supersymmetric field theory.
Hierarchically porous phenolic resin-based carbons obtained by block copolymer-colloidal silica templating and post-synthesis activation with carbon dioxide and water vapor

Abstract A series of hierarchically porous carbons was synthesized by self-assembly of polymeric carbon precursors and block copolymer template in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and colloidal silica under acidic conditions. Resorcinol and formaldehyde were used as carbon precursors, poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer was employed as a soft template, and TEOS-generated silica and colloidal silica were used as hard templates. The carbon precursors were polymerized in hydrophilic domains of block copolymer, followed by carbonization and silica dissolution. This resulted in carbons possessing cylindrical (∼12 nm) and spherical (20 or 50 nm) mesopores created by thermal decomposition of the soft template and by the dissolution of colloidal silica, respectively; fine pores were also formed by the dissolution of the TEOS-generated silica (∼2 nm). A further increase in fine porosity was achieved by post-synthesis activation of the carbons with carbon dioxide and/or water vapor, which resulted in hierarchical carbons with a surface area and pore volume approaching 2800 m2/g and 6.0 cm3/g, respectively.
Using CO 2 Efflux Rates to Indicate Below-Ground Growing Seasons by Land-use Treatment

CO2 efflux rates are affected by vegetation type, temperature, and soil surface conditions, and serve as an indicator of the length of the below-ground biological and microbial growing season. This study determined the effect of three land-use treatments on CO2 efflux and growing season lengths in Southeast Virginia on two forested mineral soil wetlands. CO2 efflux, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured 24 times in 18 months at plots representing forest, early successional field, and bare ground land-use treatments. CO2 efflux differed (p field > bare ground. CO2 efflux was higher in hardwood- than conifer-dominated forest and higher in bare ground plots that were not inundated. Appreciable CO2 efflux took place even once leaves had fallen off deciduous trees, and most of the CO2 efflux appeared to be from vegetation rather than microbial sources during that period. Variability in CO2 efflux was best described by the interaction between soil temperature and soil moisture (R2 = 0.32) (p < 0.05). The below-ground growing season indicated by appreciable CO2 efflux was similar to that indicated by soil temperatures above 5°C measured at 50 cm, the regulatory reference depth. The CO2 efflux growing season was 365 days in the forest but was 9–16 days shorter in the field and 21–78 days shorter in the bare ground land-use treatment plots. These data can be used to modify the regulatory growing season definition in forested thermic wetlands and to reflect the environmental variation caused by different land uses.
Creating Mental Illness

In this timely and provocative critique of modern psychiatry, Allan V. Horwitz examines current conceptions of mental illness as a disease. He argues that this notion fits only a small number of serious psychological conditions, and that most conditions currently regarded as mental illness are cultural constructions, normal reactions to stressful social circumstances, or simply forms of deviant behavior. According to Horwitz, the formulation of mental illness as disease benefits various interest groups, including mental health researchers and clinicians, prescriptive drug manufacturers, and mental health advocacy groups, all of whom promote disease-based models. Presenting case studies in maladies such as hysteria, multiple personality disorder, and depression, he examines the major causes and treatments of mental illness, paying special attention to the use of pharmaceuticals. While biologically based causes and treatments fit some of the entities formulated, Horwitz finds that more often than not, social responses offer far more suitable remedies.
Optimization of air drying of foods

Abstract Several optimization problems related with the air drying of foods are studied: maximization of nutrient or enzyme retention, minimization of process time, maximization of nutrient retention with a constraint on the final retention of an enzyme, and maximization of energy efficiency. These problems are successfully solved for three different model systems using an stochastic optimal control algorithm. The air dry bulb temperature and its relative humidity are used as the control variables. The optimal policies obtained are significantly superior to the classical processes in several cases. This suggests further research in order to experimentally evaluate these advantages.
Study on tobacco components involved in the pyrolytic generation of selected smoke constituents

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of various tobacco components to the generation of smoke constituents using a tobacco pyrolysis model. We analyzed the amounts of primary tobacco components (sugars, protein, polyphenols, alkaloids, organic acids, inorganics etc.) in flue-cured and burley tobacco leaves. Each of the components was added to the tobacco leaves at the 0.5-fold and 1.0-fold amount naturally present in the leaves. The treated tobacco samples were pyrolyzed at 800 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere with an infrared image furnace, and the selected smoke constituents (benzo[a]pyrene, hydrogen cyanide, carbonyl compounds, aromatic amines, volatile organic compounds and phenolics) were quantitatively analyzed by several methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The contribution of each tobacco component to the generation of selected smoke constituents was estimated from a regression line determined by the three yields (no addition, 0.5-fold addition, and 1.0-fold addition). The results of this study can provide useful and comprehensive information on the relationship between tobacco components and selected smoke constituents during pyrolysis.
The paradox of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (2013 Grover Conference series).

Just 6 decades ago, the introduction of right heart catheterization provided investigators their very first opportunity to explore the previously inaccessible pulmonary circulation. This marked the dawn of the new era of pulmonary vascular physiology. Just measuring the pulmonary arterial pressure for the first time was noteworthy. Virtually nothing was known about the regulation of the pulmonary blood vessels. Interestingly, one of the very first investigations was to measure the effect of acute hypoxia in man.1 A rise in pulmonary arterial pressure was noted, but this was erroneously ascribed to a passive response of increasing pulmonary blood flow. Shortly, a follow-up publication acknowledged the overestimation of cardiac output, and when this was corrected, the increase in pressure was attributed to pulmonary vasoconstriction. This was the physiological response to acute hypoxia, but obviously, the effects of long-term chronic hypoxia were completely unknown.
Immunochemical Studies on Linear Antigenic Polypeptides with a Known Primary Structure

The specificity of an antibody to poly(L-phenylalanyl-L-glutamyl-L-alanylglycyl)glycine-l-14C ethyl ester (I) was studied using polypeptides in which the phenylalanyl residue was modified to L-tyrosyland O-methyl-L-tyrosyl. Both of these modified polypeptides fit the receptor sites of the antibody to I as well as the homologous antigen. Furthermore, modification of the phenylalanyl residue to a tyrosyl moiety and of the alanyl residue to a valyl moiety caused little loss of the precipitating ability with the antibody to I.
Divisions in botany

Mutation, Developmental Selection, and Plant Evolution. By Edward J. Klekowski Jr. Columbia University Press: 1988. Pp.373. $55.
Self-concept, self-esteem, gender, race and information technology use

This research addressed two fundamental questions regarding self-concept, self-esteem, gender, race and information technology use. First, is technology use related to dimensions of self-concept and/or to self-esteem? Second, are there gender and/or race differences in self-concept, self-esteem and technology use? Approximately 500 youth, average age 12years old, one-third of whom were African American and the remaining two-thirds were Caucasian American, completed multidimensional measures of self-concept, the Rosenberg (1965) self-esteem scale and measures of frequency of Internet use, Internet use for communication (email and instant messaging), videogame playing and cell phone use. Findings indicated that technology use predicted dimensions of selfconcept and self-esteem, with videogame playing having a negative influence, and Internet use having a positive influence on self-concept dimensions. Gender differences were observed on several self-concept dimensions but contrary to expectations not on the social self-concept dimension. Only one race difference was observed and this was in behavioral self-concept. Implications of the benefits and liabilities of youth's current and future technology use are discussed.
Cyberbullying: Neither an epidemic nor a rarity

There appears to be some perceptual confusion with regard to the scope and extent of online bullying based on media reports and a number of studies—some of which are theoretically sound and methodologically rigorous and some of which are not. In the following text, we share findings from our own research and those of our peers to highlight the actual prevalence rates of cyberbullying. We also depict an overlap between offline and online bullying based on empirical works to make clear that those who are mistreated in the real world and in cyberspace are not two separate populations. Finally, we champion the systemic approach of enhancing the emotional and relational climate within schools as the most promising way to stem the tide of adolescent aggression.
The role of commitment devices and self-shaping in persuasive technology

We examine the role of self-shaping and commitment devices in persuasive systems. Self-shaping refers to the practice of taking purposeful action in modifying one's environment in order to shape or influence one's own future behavior. We present results from a survey of 23 users that assessed the role self-shaping plays in their use of persuasive technologies. A second survey elicited 65 self-shaping designs from 41 expert users, finding the Fogg Behavior Model describes how the designs were indeed persuasive. We then reviewed 85 tools based on this model to show the two dimensions that can be used to organize persuasive devices: (1) salience of a tool's self-shaping features and (2) their intended flexibility. The resulting four categories of tools are useful for researchers and designers of persuasive systems.
The electrocardiogram in rheumatic fever

Summary The electrocardiograms of 181 patients, in whom Sydenham's chorea was the first sign of rheumatic fever, were studied. These patients were admitted to the hospital 250 times. Abnormalities were noted in 39 per cent of the electrocardiograms in the absence of clinical or other laboratory findings of cardiac involvement. The more significant of these abnormalities was the prolongation of the P-R and Q-T intervals. The latter occurred in 18 per cent of the series as compared to only 9.6 per cent of the former. Prolongation of both time intervals occurred in 8 per cent of the series. The electrocardiogram may corroborate a clinical diagnosis of rheumatic cardiac involvement and show the presence of active carditis.
THE APPLICATION OF BOREHOLE LOGGING TO CHARACTERIZE THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE FAULTLESS NUCLEAR TEST SITE, NEVADA, USA

The Central Nevada Test Area was the site of the “Faultless” underground nuclear test, a potential source of radio nuclide contamination to aquifers in Hot Creek Valley, Nevada, USA. Field studies in 1992 and 1993 used hydrologic logging and water sampling to determine the adequacy of the current groundwater monitoring network. New data from the monitoring wells and an abandoned postshot hole raise questions about the ability of the current monitoring network to detect migration. Logging and sampling at monitoring wells HTH-1 and HTH-2 reveal that the construction of HTH-1 may be responsible for its elevated water level (as compared to pre-nuclear test levels) and may also create a local groundwater mound in the alluvium that accounts for higher post-test water levels at HTH-2. This mound would serve to divert flow around the monitoring wells, so that only migration of contaminants through the underlying, higher-pressure volcanic units is currently monitored. A hydraulic high observed in an abandoned hole between the nuclear test and the monitoring wells further reduces the likelihood that HTH-1 and HTH-2 can intercept contaminant migration. Hydrologic logs from a postshot well, drilled into the nuclear detonation zone, reveal inflow at about 485 m below land surface that drives strong vertical flow both up and down the well to outflow zones at about 350 m and 600 m. Although hydrologic relationships between the cavity, the rubble chimney, and the surrounding alluvium are unknown, migration from the site has probably not yet occurred, because regional hydraulic pressures are greater than those observed in this postshot hole.
The Effect of Gender on the Motivation of Members of Generation Y College Students to Volunteer

ABSTRACT Many human-service agencies and nonprofit organizations are experiencing increasing difficulties recruiting new volunteers. As a demographic group, young adults are very involved in volunteer activities and may reflect an excellent source of volunteers. The effect of gender on the motivations of young adults to volunteer, however, has received relatively little research attention. Examining the effect of gender on the motivations of young adults to volunteer was the objective of this study. The results support the existence of a gender difference in the motivations of young adults to volunteer. Interestingly, significant gender differences were not observed for two of the six motivations–social and career motivations–the two motivations for which gender stereotypes would suggest a difference. The gender difference observed, however, was relatively weak, especially when compared to the differences observed across the motivations for both males and females.
On Enumerating the Trees of the Wheel and Other Special Graphs

Abstract A specialized method is presented for listing all the spinning trees of the wheel, homeomorphs of the wheel, and certain cellular arrays. The procedure is a generalization of a known method of enumerating the trees of a suitably labeled ladder graph, and results in a direct listing of the trees with no duplications and no extraneous subgraphs.
Preparation of radioactive diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butylene glycol

Abstract Toluene-treated cells of Streptococcus diacetilactis produced large amounts of diacetyl and acetoin without 2,3-butylene glycol. With Na-[3-14C]pyruvate added to reaction mixtures in place of unlabeled pyruvate, diacetyl with specific activity of 6.1 × 104 cpm/μmol and acetoin with specific activity of 6.8 × 104 cpm/μmol were harvested. Growing cells of Enterobacter aerogens incubated 48 h at 30°C in a complex medium produced large amounts of 2,3-butylene glycol without acetoin or diacetyl. With uniformly labeled [14C]glucose added to the medium in place of unlabeled glucose, 2,3-butylene glycol with specific activity of 10.8 × 104 cpm/μmol was harvested. The radioactive chemicals were tested and found to be chromatographically homogeneous. Storage frozen in capped containers was especially important for diacetyl, which was found to evaporate rapidly from capped containers at room temperature.
CA-125: a marker for persistent gestational trophoblastic disease?

Abstract The objective was to determine whether CA-125 levels have any clinical utility in gestational trophoblastic disease. Fifty-one patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole had a CA-125 level obtained prior to suction molar evacuation. Data were analyzed using χ 2 and Mann-Whitney U test. CA-125 levels were twice as high in persistent gestational trophoblastic disease than those in complete hydatidiform molar patients (85.9 vs 48.3 U/ml; P = 0.004). CA-125 levels were independent of age, gravidity, weeks of amenorrhea, or presence of thecal-luteal cysts. CA-125 levels appear to be of value in predicting which molar patients will develop persistent disease.
Novel design for a confocal endoscope

Confocal imaging in an endoscopic format is currently under-utilized as a clinical investigative tool. This is due mainly to the complex, sensitive and costly scanning systems required to produce images. We hypothesize that design potential exists for an endoscope without any type of scanning system and that consequently can simultaneously acquire an entire confocal image frame. Our design exploits the parallel structure of fiber-optic image guides to eliminate all scanning hardware. The design is based upon developing a novel method to form a miniscule aperture on the end of each fiber in an image bundle. This process creates out-of-focus light rejection space between each fiber without changing the fiber spacing or the original outer diameter of the image guide. Our modified image guide can then be incorporated into an essentially typical endoscopic system. Using parallel apertures, a confocal endoscope or "conscope" can acquire images at a rate limited only by light intensity and the acquisition rate of a camera. The research presented in this paper shows the effects of adjusting pinhole diameter on confocal performance. The marriage of endoscopes, confocal imaging, parallel optical fibers, and the conscope design offers life science an ability to quickly observe deep, in-vivo cellular structures in their natural state. Although originally intended for endoscope applications, our design may benefit other forms of microscopy as well.
Exploring the role of emotional intelligence in behavior-based safety coaching.

Abstract Introduction Safety coaching is an applied behavior analysis technique that involves interpersonal interaction to understand and manipulate environmental conditions that are directing (i.e., antecedent to) and motivating (i.e., consequences of) safety-related behavior. A safety coach must be skilled in interacting with others so as to understand their perspectives, communicate a point clearly, and be persuasive with behavior-based feedback. Method This article discusses the evidence-based “ability model” of emotional intelligence and its relevance to the interpersonal aspect of the safety coaching process. Results Emotional intelligence has potential for improving safety-related efforts and other aspects of individuals' work and personal lives. Safety researchers and practitioners are therefore encouraged to gain an understanding of emotional intelligence and conduct and support research applying this construct toward injury prevention.
A review of analytical methods for eicosanoids in brain tissue

Eicosanoids are potent lipid mediators of inflammation and are known to play an important role in numerous pathophysiological processes. Furthermore, inflammation has been proven to be a mediator of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Hence, these lipid mediators have gained significant attention in recent years. This review focuses on chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods that have been used to analyze arachidonic acid and its metabolites in brain tissue. Recently published analytical methods such as LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS are discussed and compared in terms of limit of quantitation and sample preparation procedures, including solid phase extraction and derivatization. Analytical challenges are also highlighted.
Bin packing with restricted piece sizes

Abstract Coffman et al. have recently shown that a large number of bin-packing problems can be solved in polynomial time if the piece sizes are drawn from the power set of an arbitrary positive integer q (i.e., the piece sizes are drawn from the set {1, q, q2, q3,…}). In this article we show that these problems remain NP-hard if the piece sizes are drawn from the power set of an arbitrary positive rational number r. We also show that the running time of the ϵ-approximation scheme recently proposed by Hochbaum and Shmoys for the multiprocessor scheduling problem can be reduced from O((n/ϵ)exp(1/ϵ)2) time to O (n/ϵ)exp((1/ϵ)log(1/ϵ)) time.
Stress-Strain Behavior of an Aluminum Alloy under Transient Strain Rates

Because most structures are subjected to transient strain-rate loading, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the stress-strain behaviors of an aluminum alloy undergoing varying strain-rate loading. To this end, uniaxial tensile loading was applied to coupons of dog-bone shape such that each coupon underwent two or three different strain-rates, i.e., one rate after another. As a basis, a series of single-strain-rate tests was also conducted with strain-rates of 0.1–10.0 s−1. When the material experienced multistrain-rate loading, the stress-strain curves were significantly different from any single-strain-rate stress-strain curve. The strain-rate history affected the stress-strain curves under multistrain-rate loading. As a result, some simple averaging of single-strain-rate curves did not predict the actual multistrain-rate stress-strain curve properly. Furthermore, the fracture strain under multistrain-rate loading was significantly different from that under any single-strain-rate case. Depending on the applied strain-rates and their sequences, the former was much greater or less than the latter. A technique was proposed based on the residual plastic strain and plastic energy density in order to predict the fracture strain under multistrain-rate loading. The predicted fracture strains generally agreed well with the experimental data. Another observation that was made was that the unloading stress-strain curve was not affected by the previous strain-rate history.
Innovative effector design for simulation training in robotic surgery

Feasibility and effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery have made the use of robotic surgical system a rising prevalence with a wide range of applications. However, as a remarkable result, how to adroitly and precisely manipulate the sophisticated robotic surgery instruments is of fundamental importance to new surgeons. In order to provide the robotic surgical skill training for surgeons, we designed and built a training simulator with virtual reality equipped with two new hardware interfaces (effectors) which can emulate the operating process of the actual manipulators in the robotic surgical system. By using our designed framework, medical trainees can use the simulator to practice the fundamental technique of the surgical operation. To develop training platform and analyze performance, personal real time operating data, such like space position, moving speed and acceleration parameters of the virtual robotic instruments, can be collected by the sensors on the effectors and transmitted through wireless communication to the PC terminal for surgical skill performance analysis.
Highly Ionized High-Velocity Gas in the Vicinity of the Galaxy

We report the results of a FUSE study of high-velocity O VI absorption along complete sight lines through the Galactic halo in directions toward 100 extragalactic objects and two halo stars. The high-velocity O VI traces a variety of phenomena, including tidal interactions with the Magellanic Clouds, accretion of gas, outflowing material from the Galactic disk, warm/hot gas interactions in a highly extended Galactic corona, and intergalactic gas in the Local Group. We identify 84 high-velocity O VI features at ≥3 σ confidence at velocities of -500 106 K), low-density (n 10-4-10-5 cm-3) Galactic corona or Local Group medium. The existence of a hot, highly extended Galactic corona or Local Group medium and the prevalence of high-velocity O VI are consistent with predictions of current galaxy formation scenarios. Distinguishing between the various phenomena producing high-velocity O VI in and near the Galaxy will require continuing studies of the distances, kinematics, elemental abundances, and physical states of the different types of high-velocity O VI found in this study. Descriptions of galaxy evolution will need to account for the highly ionized gas, and future X-ray studies of hot gas in the Local Group will need to consider carefully the relationship of the X-ray absorption/emission to the complex high-velocity absorption observed in O VI.
ACOUSTIC DRYING OF GREEN RICE

ABSTRACT The effects of acoustic drying of rice in a fluidized bed were evaluated at frequencies of 12 kHz and 19 kHz and air temperatures of 20.5° C and 40° C. The intensity levels were 132 and 128 dB respectively, intensities that are considerably lower than the 145 dB and higher usually applied in drying experiments of this type. The results confirmed that the effectiveness of acoustic drying is more pronounced at the lower temperatures, a significant fact especially in drying heat sensitive materials. The rate of water removal increased when acoustical energy at either frequency was applied with room temperature air. Increase in drying rate was not obvious when acoustic energy was applied at 40° C at the intensity levels of these experiments.
Introduction to training simulator programming

Several years ago, while we were having a compiler developed for our use in simulator computer programming, one of the senior management people at our subcontractor's expressed surprise at our dogged insistence on object code "efficiency." Now, in fact, he had not been on this project very long and did not realize that a simulator for our purposes is a product---not a program run on an in-house computer. As I shall interpret the word simulator in the remainder of this discussion, it will mean a product used for training.
Fire Blight of Apples and Pears: Epidemiological Concepts Comprising the Maryblyt Forecasting Program

This article describes the fire blight prediction model Maryblyt, developed by Steiner and Lightner, and its recent release in the first Windows-compatible version. A brief discussion of the biological basis for the model is provided, including its integrated use of multiple cumulative heat unit "clocks." Furthermore, we describe the recent release of Maryblyt v. 7 for Windows, which is available for free.
Elaborations of Introductory Psychology Terms: Effects on Test Performance and Subjective Ratings:

Undergraduate students participated in an experiment designed to evaluate different types of elaborations on definitions of 16 psychology terms. First, participants received booklets presenting the definition of each term, followed by 1 of several elaborations: an example, a mnemonic, a paraphrase, or a repeated definition (the nonelaborating control condition). Then students received a multiple-choice test consisting of questions both on the definitions and on novel examples of the terms. Compared to repeated definitions, examples and mnemonics-but not paraphrases-improved scores on each type of question. However, students' subjective ratings did not always reflect the effectiveness of the elaborations in improving test performance.
Independence and interdependence of Dif and Frz chemosensory pathways in Myxococcus xanthus chemotaxis

Dif and Frz, two Myxococcus xanthus chemosensory pathways, are required in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) chemotaxis for excitation and adaptation respectively. DifA and FrzCD, the homologues of methyl-accepting chemoreceptors in the two pathways, were examined for methylation in the context of chemotaxis and inter-pathway interactions. Evidence indicates that DifA may not undergo methylation, but signals transmitting through DifA do modulate FrzCD methylation. Results also revealed that M. xanthus possesses Dif-dependent and Dif-independent PE-sensing mechanisms. Previous studies showed that FrzCD methylation is decreased by negative chemostimuli but increased by attractants such as PE. Results here demonstrate that the Dif-dependent sensory mechanism suppresses the increase in FrzCD methylation in attractant response and elevates FrzCD methylation upon negative stimulation. In other words, FrzCD methylation is governed by opposing forces from Dif-dependent and Dif-independent sensing mechanisms. We propose that the Dif-independent but Frz-dependent PE sensing leads to increases in FrzCD methylation and subsequent adaptation, while the Dif-dependent PE signalling suppresses or diminishes the increase in FrzCD methylation to decelerate or delay adaptation. We contend that these antagonistic interactions are crucial for effective chemotaxis in this gliding bacterium to ensure that adaptation does not occur too quickly relative to the slow speed of M. xanthus movement.
Narcolepsy in prepubertal children

Narcolepsy was diagnosed in 51 children (29 boys). The age range was 2.1 to 11.8 years (mean, 7.9 +/- 3.1 years). A mean of three referrals was made before narcolepsy was considered. In 10 children, cataplexy was the presenting symptom. Thirty-eight children acknowledged sleep paralysis and 30 acknowledged hypnagogic hallucinations. All children had sleep studies; 31 exhibited rapid eye movement at sleep onset. The mean sleep latency was 1.5 minutes +/- 39 seconds on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. All children had at least two sleep-onset rapid eye movement sleep episodes in this test. Forty-six children were HLA class II-positive for DQw6, and 45 were also positive for DRw15. Thirty (65%) families refused referrals to support and counseling groups. Teachers often refused to acknowledge a medical problem. During follow-up, all children presented at least once with depressive symptoms in reaction to their syndrome. Narcolepsy should be considered when evaluating children with behavioral and depressive symptoms.
BIASES IN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT DURING CONTRIBUTIONS: A NOTE

This note demonstrates that a statistical error (e.g., due to pricing error) made in valuing an investment fund at the time of an intra-period contribution leads to an error in calculating the period's total return, even if the fund was valued correctly at the beginning and end of the period. On average, even if the valuation error is distributed randomly with mean zero, the fund's performance will be biased.