cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in Adult Antipsychotic Polypharmacy: Progress and Challenges in Florida’s Medicaid Program

We studied trends in antipsychotic polypharmacy over a 4 year period in order to see if a change occurred when a statewide quality improvement program aimed at reducing the practice was implemented. Antipsychotic polypharmacy prevalence rates were calculated for eight 6-month periods for enrollees with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and for those with all other diagnoses. Prevalence increased from 1/2003 to 12/2004 and then declined for 4 successive 6 month periods beginning in the 1/2005–6/05 period when the program began. Piecewise linear regression results for both diagnostic groups confirmed that the change in the likelihood of antipsychotic polypharmacy during the four 6 month periods before program implementation were significantly different than during the four 6 month periods following implementation. While it is impossible to control for the effects of all variables in evaluating the impact of any system wide intervention the data suggest that the program did help to reduce the use of antipsychotic polypharmacy.
Late Cystoid Macular Edema in Pseudophakia

Late-onset cystoid macular edema appears one yeasr or more after cataract extraction. Three patients developed this problem after intracapsular cataract extractions and implantation of intraocular lenses. In two cases the edema did not resolve despite drug therapy. In the third, the edema resolved completely, possibly because of spontaneous improvement rather than treatment. It is not yet possible to determine whether the incidence of cystoid macular edema is greater in eyes that have been implanted with intraocular rather than conventional lenses.
Usefulness of physical exercise for maintaining smoking cessation in women.

Abstract Successful smoking cessation is a problem for many smokers and the 1-year quit ratio among smokers is 1 Women may have lower cessation and higher relapse rates than men 2 and their risk for developing heart disease and lung cancer has increased significantly in recent years. 3 Physical activity offers a healthful alternative to smoking: it facilitates regulation of body weight, 4 moderates mood changes 5 and improves responses to stress. 6
Regional Esophageal Dysfunction in Scleroderma and Achalasia using Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and Manometry

Achalasia and scleroderma are esophageal motility abnormalities characterized by severely impaired bolus transit. Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and manometry (MII-EM) enables the simultaneous measurement of intraesophageal pressures and bolus transit at various levels within the esophagus. The aim of the study was to evaluate and characterize regional pressure and transit profile differences in scleroderma and achalasia patients. A retrospective analysis was carried out of MII-EM studies of patients with scleroderma (15), achalasia (20), and poorly relaxing lower esophageal sphincter (LES) with normal esophageal body function (20) as a control group. Bolus presence and segmental transit were evaluated by MII. In patients with achalasia, bolus transit was impaired across all four sites compared with scleroderma (P < 0.0125) even though distal esophageal pressures were higher (P < 0.05) in patients with achalasia. Pressures in patients with achalasia were similar across all four sites (ANOVA; saline, P = 0.373; viscous, P = 0.615). Bolus clearance rates and contraction amplitudes in patients with scleroderma decreased from proximal to distal. In the control group, bolus clearance was complete during ≥83% of all swallows and esophageal pressure amplitudes increased distally. While the overall bolus transit is impaired in both patients with achalasia and scleroderma regional pressure and bolus transit differences exist. Bolus transit abnormalities result from abnormal esophageal body contraction and not abnormal LES relaxation.
Race/ethnicity and changing US socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer incidence: California and Massachusetts, 1978-2002 (United States).

Objective We tested the hypothesis that the US socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is declining, with the decline most pronounced among racial/ethnic groups with the highest incidence rates. Methods We geocoded the invasive incident breast cancer cases for three US population-based cancer registries covering: Los Angeles County, CA (1978–1982, 1988–1992, 1998–2002; n = 68,762 cases), the San Francisco Bay Area, CA (1978–1982, 1988–1992, 1998–2002; n = 37,210 cases) and Massachusetts (1988–1992, 1998–2002; n = 48,111 cases), linked the records to census tract area-based socioeconomic measures, and, for each socioeconomic stratum, computed average annual breast cancer incidence rates for the 5-year period straddling the 1980, 1990, and 2000 census, overall and by race/ethnicity and gender. Results Our findings indicate that the socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer incidence is: (a) relatively small (at most 1.2) and stable among US white non-Hispanic and black women; (b) sharper and generally increasing among Hispanic and Asian and Pacific Islander American women; and (c) cannot be meaningfully analyzed without considering effect modification by race/ethnicity and immigration. Conclusion Our results indicate that secular changes in US socioeconomic gradients in breast cancer incidence exist and vary by race/ethnicity.
045 Bioinformatics approach in cryopreservation

Abstract not available. Source of funding: None declared. Conflict of interest: None declared. rlempicki@mail.nih.gov
State of the Art of Fluid Resuscitation 2010: Prehospital and Immediate Transition to the Hospital

Abstract : The Prehospital Fluid Conference was sponsored by the US Army Institute of Surgical Research and Combat Casualty Care Research, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Some 65 conferees were invited in January 2010 to review the contemporary guidelines on the use of fluid resuscitation in treating combat casualties, discuss the state of the art of fluid resuscitation for combat casualties, and answer the following questions: - Are current Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation guidelines optimal for today? - Which IV fluid should be the top priority for future research? - What are the current indications for fluid resuscitation in the combat trauma patient? - What is the current practice in tactical fluid resuscitation? The objective of this conference was to identify the fluid to be used by the prehospital provider and not to address the needs once definitive hemorrhage control has been achieved. The fluids to be used are those that will be carried into the field on the back of the combat medic or in the vehicle used to transport the medic or the patient (echelon 1 care). There are several definitions of these echelons of care (North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO], European forces, etc.). The definitions used in this document are those of the Joint Theater Trauma System. The use of role and echelon can be interchangeable depending on the country of origin, but the terms can vary significantly. Echelon, as used in many/most of Joint Theater Trauma System presentations will be used throughout this document to indicate a level of care facility (see Table 1). Although discussions focused on military needs, it was understood and accepted by the consensus group that many, if not all, of the recommendations could and would be used for civilian prehospital providers with appropriate situational modifications.
Orthostatic hypotension associated with dorsal medullary cavernous angioma.

Background – Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a rare manifestation of medulla oblongata lesions that may be because of interruption of descending sympathoexcitatory axons. Aims – To illustrate the location of a medullary lesion that produced OH following resection in relationship to the location of putative sympathoexcitatory pathways. Method – A case with dorsal medullary cavernous angioma presenting with OH is described. The possible localization of lesion was compared with distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive axons in a comparable section of the medulla of a control brain. Results – The patient had marked OH after partial removal of the cavernous angioma. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The magnetic resonance imaging location of the lesion overlapped that of TH-immunoreactive axons of the medullary transtegmental tract. Conclusions – A restricted lesion of medullary lesion interrupting the catecholaminergic transtegmental tract arising from the sympathoexcitatory C1 neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla could result in severe OH.
A Long PCR–Based Approach for DNA Enrichment Prior to Next-Generation Sequencing for Systematic Studies

Premise of the study: We present an alternative approach for molecular systematic studies that combines long PCR and next-generation sequencing. Our approach can be used to generate templates from any DNA source for next-generation sequencing. Here we test our approach by amplifying complete chloroplast genomes, and we present a set of 58 potentially universal primers for angiosperms to do so. Additionally, this approach is likely to be particularly useful for nuclear and mitochondrial regions. Methods and Results: Chloroplast genomes of 30 species across angiosperms were amplified to test our approach. Amplification success varied depending on whether PCR conditions were optimized for a given taxon. To further test our approach, some amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. Conclusions: Although here we tested this approach by sequencing plastomes, long PCR amplicons could be generated using DNA from any genome, expanding the possibilities of this approach for molecular systematic studies.
Vocational education and training today: challenges and responses1

Abstract Vocational education and training (VOCED) continues to be a favored instrument of social engineering for achieving a series of objectives, such as accelerating economic growth, reducing youth unemployment and benefiting from economic globalization. This is in spite of a great deal of scepticism regarding its effectiveness. The article examines the arguments underpinning the great hope on VOCED as a panacea for many social ills, and offers a series of alternative or complementary actions that would make VOCED more relevant to the world of work and increase its effectiveness. Many of such actions lie outside the sphere of traditional VOCED provision, pertaining to the macro-economic environment, the general demand for labor and, paradoxically, to general (rather than specialized) education and training.
Mechanisms of Forced Tropical Meridional Energy Flux Change

AbstractAnthropogenically forced changes to the mean and spatial pattern of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) alter tropical atmospheric meridional energy transport throughout the seasonal cycle—in total, its partitioning between the Hadley cells and eddies and, for the Hadley cells, the relative roles of the mass flux and the gross moist stability (GMS). The authors investigate this behavior using an atmospheric general circulation model forced with SST anomalies caused by either historical greenhouse gas or aerosol forcing, dividing the SST anomalies into two components: the tropical mean SST anomaly applied uniformly and the full SST anomalies minus the tropical mean.For greenhouse gases, the polar-amplified SST spatial pattern partially negates enhanced eddy poleward energy transport driven by mean warming. Both SST components weaken winter Hadley cell circulation and alter GMS. The Northern Hemisphere–focused aerosol cooling induces northward energy flux anomalies in the deep tropics, which manifest pa...
Exact solutions of the problem of the vibro-impact oscillations of a discrete system with two degrees of freedom

Abstract Non-smooth time transformations are used to investigate strongly non-linear periodic free oscillations of a vibro-impact system with two degrees of freedom. Allowance for the boundary conditions at collision times enables the singularities induced by these transformations to be eliminated. The smoothed equations of motion turn out to be linear. Investigation of the periodic solutions reveals vibro-impact states with one- an two-sided collisions, including localized states (only one of the masses experiences collisions with stopping devices), and their bifurcation structure.
Addressing African American English in Early Literacy Assessment and Instruction

Abstract Determining how best to address young children's African American English use in formal literacy assessment and instruction is a challenge. Evidence is not yet available to discern which t...
1198 REDUCTION IN OOCYTE NUMBER FOLLOWING PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO A HIGH GALACTOSE DIET

Even with a galactose (GAL) restricted diet started perinatally galactosemic women frequently manifest primary or secondary amenorrhea with ovarian failure. We postulated that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to excessive GAL and/or its metabolites might be toxic to oocytes or their precursors. Rats received a control or 50% GAL diet during pregnancy and nursing (day 3 of gestation thru 3-4 wks postnatal), or GAL only while nursing. Oocyte number and follicle type was quantitated as described by Pederson & Peters using stained 5 u serial sections of the 3-4 wk. infant ovary. Animals exposed to GAL prenatally plus postnatally had marked reduction in mean total oocyte number compared to controls (2120 ± 410 S.E.M. vs. 8680 ± 964, p<.0001). This was accounted for almost entirely by a reduction in type I (primary) oocytes (1380 ± 336 vs. 7500 ± 818, p <.0001). No significant change was documented in number of preantral or antral follicles. Postnatal GAL caused equally severe growth retardation with or without prenatal GAL (each an ∼ 3X reduction in body, liver, and kidney wt. vs. controls) but postnatal GAL alone produced no reduction in number of total (8400 ± 581) or type I (7280 ± 363) oocytes. In the rat, prenatal exposure to galactose strikingly reduces the number of primary oocytes; the precise timing and mechanism of toxicity now require elucidation. Galactosemic females may acquire ovarian damage in utero if the mother does not receive a galactose-free diet.
Oil spill clean-up: The effect of three dispersants on three subtropical/tropical seagrasses

Abstract Three seagrasses found throughout the Greater Caribbean tropical/subtropical region as major critical habitat organisms were tested in the laboratory for toxicity limits to three dispersants commonly stockpiled in the region. At concentrations in the recommended dosage level, that is, below 1 ml dispersant with 10 ml oil in 100 000 ml seawater, even for 100 h no large mortality occurred (15–18 barrels per acre as calculated by Exxon, 1985). At an order of magnitude higher, especially for longer time periods, the more sensitive seagrasses Syringodium filiforme and then Halodule wrightii succumbed. The dispersants had widely differing effects, with Corexit 9527 and Arcochem D609 having far less toxic effect than Conco K(K) at the same exposure time and concentration. There was comparatively little difference between effects of oils (Louisiana crude versus Murban). Types and brands of dispersants should be referred to specifically in oil spill contingency plans since such widely varying ecological toxicity occurs among various dispersants. Use of the word ‘dispersant’ as a policy tool should be used with caution, realizing that dispersants vary widely in toxicity effects. Further testing of seagrasses in other ocean basins and those dispersants to be used there is highly recommended.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of the tumor promoter related 4aα-phorbol esters†

The isobutane chemical ionization mass spectra of a series of 4aalpha-phorbol esters have been determined. Phorbol myristate acetate, a diester of phorbol, is the most potent known tumor promoter in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Several esters of the stereoisomer of phorbol have been synthesized to study the effect of structure and stereochemistry on tumor promotion. Conventional electron impact mass spectra of these esters gave little or no molecular weight information due to their low volatility, tendency to dehydrate and complex fragmentation to peaks in the low mass end of the spectrum. Isobutane chemical ionization mass spectrometry greatly enhanced the molecular ion region and through functional group selectivity established the identity of the various substituted esters.
An excluded minor theorem for the octahedron

In this article it is shown that every 4-connected graph that does not contain a minor isomorphic to the octahedron is isomorphic to the square of an odd cycle. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 31: 95–100, 1999
The psychobiology of premenstrual dysphoria: review of theories and treatments.

Abstract (1) Premenstrual mood changes such as depression, elation, anxiety, hostility and irritability are a common cause of disability in women. (2) The nature of the disorder, the clinical dimensions, the incidence, the psychological and psychosocial theories are reviewed. (3) A long list of treatments recommended over the years is also reviewed and discussed, illustrating the ambiguity and uncertainty in this area. (4) The relationship to other periodic functional conditions, especially manic-depressive illness is discussed with particular emphasis on predictive studies. (5) The psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms possibly involved in these premenstrual conditions are reexamined. A specific role for prolactin in the etiology of these premenstrual dysphoric states is suggested.
National semen analysis reference range reporting: adherence to the 1999 World Health Organization guidelines 10 years later.

Objective To determine the adherence by laboratories across the United States to the standard semen analysis guidelines and parameter reference ranges 10 years after being set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 and to compare compliance between regional laboratories vs. specialty assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories. Design Observational study. Setting Regional clinical and reproductive endocrinology andrology laboratories. Intervention(s) Blank or deidentified semen analysis reports were collected from laboratories through direct contact or from reports received as part of clinical care for male infertility. Main Outcome Measure(s) Adherence to semen analysis reference range reporting as recommended by the 1999 WHO guidelines. Result(s) Semen analyses reports were collected from 111 laboratories from 31 different states. Of 111 laboratories, 26 (23%) reported all reference range parameters in accordance with the guidelines. Of 65 ART laboratories, 21 (32%) complied with all reference range parameters as outlined by the guidelines, vs. 5 of 46 non-ART laboratories (11%). Seventy percent of laboratories that did not report 1999 WHO parameters did so because of differences in reference values for normal morphology. Conclusion(s) Adherence to WHO 1999 semen analysis reference range guidelines has not been achieved by ART and non-ART laboratories 10 years after being introduced. Non-ART laboratories report reference ranges less accurately than ART laboratories.
Relationship between the changes in serum thyroid hormone levels and protein status during prolonged protein supplemented caloric deprivation

The relationship between the changes in serum thyroid hormone levels and nitrogen economy during caloric deprivation were investigated in ten obese men during a 40 d, 400 kcal protein-supplemented weight-reducing diet. This regimen induced increases in the serum levels of total T4, free T4 and total rT3, and decreases of total T3, while serum TSH remained unchanged. There were progressive decreases in total body weight and urinary losses of total nitrogen and 3-methylhistidine, with the early negative nitrogen balance gradually returning towards basal values during the 40 days. Subjects with the largest weight loss had the most increase in the serum levels of total T4 and free T4 index and the greatest decrease in T3. The magnitude of the increase of the nitrogen balance from its nadir was correlated with the extent of the reduction of T3 and increase of T3 uptake ratio and free T4 levels. The decrease in the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine correlated with the increase in free T4 and rT3 levels. Nadir serum transferrin values were directly related to peak rT3 values, and the lowest albumin concentrations occurred in subjects with the highest total T4 and free T4 index values. Further, the maximum changes in the serum thyroid hormone levels preceded those of the nutritional parameters. These relationships suggest that: (1) increases in serum rT3 and free T4 and reductions in T3 concentrations during protein supplemented weight reduction may facilitate conservation of visceral protein and reduce muscle protein turnover; and (2) the variation in the magnitude of these changes may account for the heterogeneity of nitrogen economy.
Mannose-binding protein genetic polymorphisms in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective. To determine whether dysfunctional or deficient mannose-binding protein (MBP) variants are found with increased frequency in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with controls. Methods. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of 4 different polymorphic sites was performed on samples from 92 black SLE patients and 86 geographically matched black controls. Results. Two structural polymorphisms of MBP, associated with low serum levels of MBP, were found with significantly increased frequency in the SLE patient population compared with controls. In contrast, a promoter haplotype associated with particularly high serum levels of MBP was negatively associated with SLE. Conclusion. Deficiencies of MBP predispose individuals to SLE.
Unequal access to energy efficiency in US multifamily rental housing: opportunities to improve

The energy efficiency of US multifamily rental housing is compared with other housing types. A real and growing energy efficiency gap is documented, particularly for lower income households. Findings are based on data from the 2005 and 2009 US Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). Individual energy efficiency features related to HVAC (heating, ventilation and cooling) systems, appliances, and the building envelope are analysed along with weighted and unweighted total energy efficiency indices. Multifamily units occupied by low income renters had 4.1 fewer energy efficiency features in 2005 and 4.7 fewer in 2009 compared with other households. If the number of efficiency features was on par with other housing, the savings could be in the range of US$200–400 per year for most lower-income renters in multifamily buildings. There is an astonishing lack of information on how efficiency retrofits would affect property (real estate) metrics such as cash flow and value. Available evidence suggests that mi...
Examining issues in communicating patient care information across shifts in a critical care setting

This study addresses issues associated with sign-out reports occurring during shift changes in the pediatric intensive care unit of a large metropolitan hospital. The issues include the need for organizing our knowledge concerning the types of errors that providers are susceptible to during the sign-out process, the roles of personality, experience, and cultural factors, particularly as they may affect the incoming provider's inquisitiveness, and the potential impact on patient care of various different methods of performing sign-outs. We observed eight outgoing nurses and four residents who gave sign-out reports, and conducted eight semi-structured interviews with nurses, residents, nurse managers, and attending physicians. The results revealed important and intricate relationships among many of the variables that were investigated and suggested a number of interventions that might improve the sign-out process. Overall, our data on shift change sign-outs in an acute care setting confirmed the resiliency ...
The kinematic insignificance of mineral lineations in a late jurassic thrust and fold belt in eastern oregon U.S.A.

Abstract The kinematic significance of mineral lineations in tectonites has been discussed many times in the past. While in some instances mineral lineations are parallel to the “tectonic transport direction”, in other cases these lineations do not have such a relationship. Lower and Middle Jurassic flysch deposits in eastern Oregon have been strongly deformed during the Nevadan orogeny by south- to southeast-directed thrusting and by folding. Mega- and mesoscopic folds are overturned to the south and southeast and they have a well-developed axial-planar slaty cleavage. Foldaxes and cleavage/bedding intersections are generally subhorizontal, but toward the Oregon/Idaho border their orientation gradually changes from horizontal to steeply plunging. The shape of quartz grains (and of many other minerals) can be represented by a triaxial ellipsoid with the shortest axis normal to the cleavage and the longest axis consistently parallel to the foldaxis and cleavage/bedding intersection. Previously, these mineral lineations were thought to have formed by “arcuation” or extension parallel to the foldaxis. Quartz c -axes orientations measured in several samples consistently show the well-known cross-girdle pattern indicating that the major principal compressive strain is normal to the cleavage plane and the major principal extensile strain is parallel to the downdip direction of the cleavage plane. The measured strain axes are thus in agreement with south- to southeast-directed thrusting and they are unrelated to the mineral lineations. The mineral lineations may have formed by dissolution synchronous with the non-coaxial deformation.
ACTION SPECTRA FOR THE PHOTOLYSIS OF 5‐IODODEOXYURIDINE IN DNA AND RELATED MODEL SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FOR SHORT‐RANGE ENERGY TRANSFER*

— A variety of polynucleotides containing 5-iodouracil residues were irradiated in aqueous solution with wavelengths between 240 and 313 nm. From the rate of deiodination the photochemical cross sections (aB) were determined as a function of the irradiation wavelength (A). The expression was used to relate the observed values of B to the intrinsic quantum yield, φINT, and to the absorption cross sections, and for the iodinated and noniodinated residues, respectively. φINT is the probability an excited iodouracil residue will deiodinate, while the parameter b is a measure of the number of noniodinated bases which contribute their excitation energy to the deiodination process. For IdUrd and poly(5-iodouridylic acid), the average values of φINT calculated from the experimental B values were 0.0202 and 0.0188, respectively, for irradiation in air. In native, denatured, and depurinated DNA in which IdUrd was substituted for 10% of the Thd, the average φINT values were 0.0069, 0.0088, and 0.0153, respectively, indicating an enhancement in φINT upon decreasing the order of the polynucleotide. In contrast, the average values of b bor the same set of compounds were found to be4, 2 and 0.4, respectively, indicating a decrease in b with decreasing polynucleotide order, i.e. a loss of base stacking decreases the extent of energy transfer. A value of b= 4 for native DNA is assumed to mean that the extent of energy transfer in native DNA is limited to four base donors per iodouracil residue serving as an energy trap.
Dielectric properties of (Ba 0.8−x Bi 0.2 )(Zn 0.1 Ti 0.9 )O 3 ceramics for high temperature applications

A number of Pb-free BaTiO 3 - Bi(Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 solid solutions have been studied by Huang et al. [1]. Compositions close to 0.8BaTiO 3 - 0.2Bi(Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 revealed pseudo-cubic symmetry and showed a linear dielectric response. The existence of a nearly flat temperature dependence of the relative permittivity over the temperature range of 100 °C to 350 °C was also obtained. In this study, the effects of cation non-stoichiometry and doping were investigated in an attempt to optimize the insulation resistance for high temperature capacitor applications. The dielectric response of (Ba 0.8−x Bi 0.2 )(Zn 0.1 Ti 0.9 )O 3 ceramics where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08 as well as ZrO 2 - and Mn 2 O 3 -doped ceramics were investigated. The optimum compositions exhibited a relative permittivity in excess of 1150 and low loss tangent (tan δ &#60; 0.05) that persisted up to a temperature of 460 °C. The temperature dependence of resistivity also revealed the improved insulation resistance of Ba-deficient compositions. Additionally, an ionic conduction mechanism was suggested to be responsible for the resistivity at high temperatures.
Coal: Response of cultured mammalian cells corresponds to the prevalence of coal workers pneumoconiosis

Abstract The growth of mammalian cells is inhibited when leachates of coal are incorporated into the growth medium. Coal samples in these experiments are exposed to water, calf serum, or tissue culture medium under physiological conditions of temperature and pH. The coal sample from a mine whose miners had a very high incidence of coal workers pneumoconiosis, “Black Lung Disease,” inhibited the growth of cells much more than coal from another mine whose miners showed a much lower prevalence of the disease. The cellular growth inhibition was related linearly to the logarithm of the concentration of the coal leachates. Several metals in the leachate were determined in an attempt to determine the toxic substances leached from the coal.
The sup norm of a polynomial with perturbed coefficients

Abstract We show that if the coefficients of a polynomial P(z) of degree n are perturbed by at most t > 0, then the order of magnitude of the sup norm of P on the unit circle is at most multiplied by tn 1 2 . Furthermore, the polynomials with coefficients of modulus 1 of Kahane are used to show that this multiplication effect is achievable.
Localization of the Plasmodium falciparumPfNT1 Nucleoside Transporter to the Parasite Plasma Membrane

Nutrient transporters play critical roles in parasite metabolism, but the membranes in which they reside have not been clearly defined. The transport of purine nutrients is crucial to the survival of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum,and nucleoside transport activity has been associated with a number of different membrane components within the parasitized erythrocyte. To determine the location of the PfNT1 nucleoside transporter, the first component of the nucleoside permeation pathway to be studied at the molecular level in P. falciparum (Carter, N. S., Ben Mamoun, C., Liu, W., Silva, E. O., Landfear, S. M., Goldberg, D. E., and Ullman, B. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 10683–10691), polyclonal antisera against the NH2-terminal 36 amino acids of PfNT1 were raised in rabbits. Western blot analysis of parasite lysates revealed that the antibodies were specific for PfNT1 and that the level of PfNT1 protein in the infected erythrocyte is regulated in a stage-specific fashion. The amount of PfNT1 polypeptide increases dramatically during the early trophozoite stage and reaches its maximal level in the late trophozoite and schizont stages. Deconvolution and immunoelectron microscopy using these monospecific antibodies revealed that PfNT1 localizes predominantly, if not exclusively, to the plasma membrane of the parasite and not to the parasitophorous vacuolar or erythrocyte membranes.
Predicting emotional adjustment in home dialysis patients and their relatives.

Abstract At the beginning of a home dialysis training program, twelve patients and their relatives (who were trained to run the dialysis machine) completed three self-administered and objectively scorable psychological tests: the MMPI, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL), and the Shipley-Hartford IQ Scale. The results indicate that a patient's emotional adjustment during his first year in the home, as rated by the staff, was predictably poor if he admitted, on the MMPI and MAACL, to feelings of anxiety and depression; to hostility and other problems in object relations; and to complaints of physical symptoms associated with dialysis. In a similar way, a relative's emotional adjustment during the first year was predictably poor if he admitted, on the MMPI and MAACL, to feelings of anxiety and depression; to hostility and competitiveness; and to introversion and ego weakness. In addition, the first-year emotional adjustment of both patients and relatives was predictably poor if they achieved low scores on the ‘Present Problem-Solving’ scale of the Shipley-Hartford. A striking finding was that while the patient's physical health, as rated by the staff, was significantly associated with the length of his survival on home dialysis, neither of these two variables was significantly associated with first-year emotional adjustment. This finding, together with others, suggests that in selecting patients for inclusion in a home dialysis training program, in many cases the program will have to make a decision about which is more valued; ‘quantity’ of life (sheer length of physical survival), or ‘quality’ of life (emotional adjustment while alive).
Systolic Lattice Processing By Optical Coupled-Wave Device Arrays

We propose to implement systolic sampled-data lattice processors optically by means of linear integrated optics arrays of coupled-wave devices such as switched directional couplers and TE-TM mode converters. Potential signal processing applications include discrete time and analog frequency filtering and optical pulse compression.
Determination of silver in soils, sediments, and rocks by organic-chelate extraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Abstract A useful method for the determination of silver in soil, sediment, and rock samples in geochemical exploration has been developed. The sample is digested with concentrated nitric acid, and the silver extracted with triisooctyl thiophosphate (TOTP) in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after dilution of the acid digest to approximately 6 M. The extraction of silver into the organic extractant is quantitative and not affected by the nitric acid concentration from 4 M to 8 M, or by different volumes of TOTP-MIBK. The extracted silver is stable and remains in the organic phase up to several days. The silver concentration is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Effect of Ionic Liquid on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Zwitterionic Copolymer Membranes

Zwitterionomers containing less than 13 mol % zwitterion functionality were synthesized using free radical copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and sulfobetaine monomers. X-ray scattering res...
Postmetalation Ligand Modification on the Periphery of a Diruthenium Compound: Toward Novel Metallayne Scaffoldings

A diruthenium compound bearing a peripheral iodo substituent cross-couples with acetylenes under Sonogashira conditions to yield a novel family of diruthenium compounds bearing a peripheral alkyne functionality, which can be further functionalized at the axial positions via a reaction with lithiated butadiynyl.
A mathematical analysis of the incubation time in competitive binding systems.

Abstract An explicit mathematical solution is offered for the time required to achieve any fraction of equilibrium concentration in a second-order association reaction opposed by a first-order dissociation reaction. A complete description of the effects of variation in reactant concentrations is given. Calculations of fractional equilibrium times demonstrate the unforeseen result of changing in some cases nonmonotonically with reactant concentrations. An analysis of an irreversible association reaction also reveals nonmonotonic behavior of fractional equilibrium times.
Comments on far field scattering from bodies of revolution

A previous paper1) on the subject, although 35 pages in length, omitted a good many physical explanations and mathematical details. As a result this paper discusses Rayleigh and resonance scattering for a cone. Two minus sign errors are corrected in the cone's cross section obtained by the local wedge field approximation
FOLIAR VENATION PATTERNS IN THE RUTACEAE

A B S T R A C T DEDE, ROLAND A. (California Concordia Coll., Oakland.) Foliar venation patterns in the Rutaceae. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(5): 490-497. Illus. 1962.-A study of herbarium specimens selected from 80 genera of the Rutaceae revealed a series of 7 venation types. The series is based on the spatial relationship of the venation system to the secretory cavities. The hypothesis is advanced that the uncorrelated venation pattern is primitive and that the more complex types represent end products involving a branching pattern of phylogenetic sequences. A key to the illustrated representatives--of the 7 types-is included. DURING the course of an investigation of the ontogeny of the secretory cavities and associated venation in the leaflets of Ptelea crenulata Greene, it was found desirable to make a broad survey of leaf venation patterns in the Rutaceae as a whole (Dede, 1958). The large size of the family, the definitive possession of secretory cavities by all its members, and the bizarre venation pattern of Ptelea suggested that such a study might yield some clues as to the possible course of evolution leading to the pattern found in Ptelea. In addition, the paucity of references in the literature to venation in the Rutaceae suggested a virgin field for exploration. Students of foliar venation in the angiosperms are undoubtedly ham,pered by the lack of surveys which might at least serve as starting points for further study in breadth and depth. The classical work of Ettinghausen (1861), though fundamental and still unsurpassed in kind, is now 100 years old and after a century of botanical progress leaves much to be desired. HISTORICAL REVIEw-As early as 1687, although not for the Rutaceae, Malpighi illustrated a correlation between the cavities of some plants and their vascular systems. Volkens (1887), however, was the first to picture such a correlation in the Rutaceae. He discussed in some detail and illustrated the situation in Ruta tuberculata Forsk. of the Rutoideae. Other workers have also noted this correlation in the Rutaceae. Chatin (1875) discovered it in Citrus and Diosma. Ford (1942) noted it in the 'Eureka' lemon. Scott, Schroeder, and Turrell (1948) have also observed the phenomenon in the 'Valencia' orange. Tillson and Bamford (1938), in their study of floral anatomy of the Aurantioideae, stated: ". . . whenever a large oil gland
Biochemical responses of myocardial cells in culture to oxygen and glucose deprivation.

Summary The biochemical responses of myocardial cells to oxygen and glucose deprivation, i.e., “ischemia”, have been measured in two tissue culture models: beating intact fetal mouse hearts maintained in organ culture and beating chick heart cells in monolayer culture. The responses to 1–4 hours of ischemia include loss of beating function, depletion of ATP content and release of cytoplasmic enzymes. It is suggested that these culture models are useful in the study of the biochemical responses of the myocardium to ischemia. Culture models offer advantages over adult in vivo and in vitro models of ease and reproducibility of preparation and the ability to control experimental conditions.
Using general strain theory to explore the effects of prison victimization experiences on later offending and substance use

We examine the relationship between victimization during incarceration and the likelihood of former prisoners' subsequent criminal behavior and substance use from a general strain theory (GST) perspective. Data from the multi-site evaluation of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative were used, involving interviews with 543 men and 168 women in 12 states at four time points: once before prison release and 3 times after release. Path analyses show support for GST by indicating that prisoners who are physically assaulted or threatened have negative emotional reactions to such experiences, specifically hostility and depression, which increases their likelihood of violent criminal behavior and substance use after release. Language: en
Studies of the synthesis, structure and function of the phosphorylated oligosaccharides of lysosomal enzymes

Newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes were found to contain N-acetylglucosamine residues in phosphodiester linkage to the 6 position of the mannose residues on high-mannose type oligosaccharides. The formation of these structures was shown to be catalyzed by a specific N-acetylglucosaminylphosphotransferase enzyme, that utilises UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as a donor. The phosphorylation reaction can take place on any of four or five positions on the high-mannose oligosaccharide. Subsequently an α-N-acetylglucosaminylphosphodiesterase removes the outer blocking N-acetylglucosamine residues to generate the mature phosphomannsoyl recognition signal. This signal is responsible for the targetting of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. The human syndromes of I-cell disease (Mucolipidosis II) and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy (Mucolipidosis III) were shown to be caused by deficiency of the first enzyme in the pathway, the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: Glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminylphosphotransferase.
Role of the Clp system in stress tolerance, biofilm formation, and intracellular invasion in Porphyromonas gingivalis

Clp proteases and chaperones are ubiquitous among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and in many pathogenic bacteria the Clp stress response system is also involved in regulation of virulence properties. In this study, the roles of ClpB, ClpC, and ClpXP in stress resistance, homotypic and heterotypic biofilm formation, and intracellular invasion in the oral opportunistic pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis were investigated. Absence of ClpC and ClpXP, but not ClpB, resulted in diminished tolerance to high temperatures. Response to oxidative stress was not affected by the loss of any of the Clp proteins. The clpC and clpXP mutants demonstrated elevated monospecies biofilm formation, and the absence of ClpXP also enhanced heterotypic P. gingivalis-Streptococcus gordonii biofilm formation. All clp mutants adhered to gingival epithelial cells to the same level as the wild type; however, ClpC and ClpXP were found to be necessary for entry into host epithelial cells. ClpB did not play a role in entry but was required for intracellular replication and survival. ClpXP negatively regulated the surface exposure of the minor fimbrial (Mfa) protein subunit of P. gingivalis, which stimulates biofilm formation but interferes with epithelial cell entry. Collectively, these results show that the Clp protease complex and chaperones control several processes that are important for the colonization and survival of P. gingivalis in the oral cavity.
The role of unstable self-esteem in the appraisal of romantic relationships

The relationship appraisals of individuals with stable and unstable forms of self-esteem were examined in two studies using undergraduate participants. Study 1 (N = 166) used indicators of relationship closeness and satisfaction whereas Study 2 (N = 125) examined relationship commitment. Across both studies, men with unstable high self-esteem reported more positive views of their relationships than other individuals. We believe that the fragile nature of their feelings of self-worth may have motivated these men to appraise their relationships positively in an effort to maintain and enhance their own tenuous feelings of self-worth. These findings suggest that men with unstable high self-esteem may use their romantic relationships to regulate how they feel about themselves.
Towards self-validating knowledge-based archives

Digital archives are dedicated to the long-term preservation of electronic information and have the mandate to enable sustained access despite a rapidly changing information infrastructure. Current archival approaches build upon standardized data formats and simple metadata mechanisms for collection management, but do not involve high-level conceptual models and knowledge representations. This results in serious limitations, not only for expressing various kinds of information and knowledge about the archived data, but also for creating infrastructure independent, self-validating and self-instantiating archives. To overcome these limitations, we first propose a scalable XML-based archival infrastructure, based on standard tools, and subsequently show how this architecture can be extended to a model-based framework, where higher-level knowledge representations become an integral part of the archive and the ingestion/migration processes. This allows us to maximize infrastructure independence by archiving generic, executable specifications of: archival constraints (i.e., model validators); and archival transformations that are part of the ingestion process. The proposed architecture facilitates construction of self-validating and self-instantiating knowledge-based archives. We illustrate our overall approach and report on first experiences using a sample collection from a collaboration with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
Towards a Standardized Terminology for Network Performance

The integration of the products of diverse fields, including the human component, into complex systems has created major difficulties in the development of efficient mechanisms for analyzing system performance. One of the problems can be traced to the variety of terminologies used in describing performance across different fields. A designer or user is faced with vague terms that may be complementary, synonymous, or some combination thereof. There is a need to develop a common understanding of the meaning of widely used terms without reference to a specific discipline. The work described in this paper aims to develop a framework that helps identify a set of performance indicators for complex systems, such as information infrastructures. The objective is not to propose yet another concept, but rather to identify from the existing concepts the proper definitions, attributes, intersections, and evaluation measures. Dependability, fault-tolerance, reliability/availability, security, and survivability are used as representative examples for describing the proposed framework. This framework could eventually help furnish the basis towards adoption of standard terminology.
Particle swarm optimization-based dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral image classification

We propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based dimensionality reduction approach to improve support vector machine (SVM)-based classification for high-resolution hyperspectral imagery. After a searching criterion function is well designed, PSO can find a global optimal solution much more efficiently, compared to other frequently used searching strategies. In our experiments, SVM classification accuracy using PSO-selected bands is greatly higher than using all the original bands or dimensionality-reduced data from principal component analysis (PCA) or linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In addition, misclassification incurred from trivial within-class spectral variation can be further corrected by decision fusion with an unsupervised clustering, where the improvement on SVM accuracy can bring out even more significant improvement in the final fusion output.