cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is extensivity a fundamental property of entropy

The role of linearity in the definition of entropy is examined. While discussions of entropy often treat extensivity as one of its fundamental properties, the extensivity of entropy is not axiomatic in thermodynamics. It is shown that systems in which entropy is an extensive quantity are systems in which a entropy obeys a generalized principle of linear superposition.
Reverse e-auctions: exploring reasons for use and buyer's satisfaction

Internet technology has changed many supply chain processes. This paper explores how buyers are using one controversial internet-based supply chain tool, reverse e-auctions. The reasons for use and satisfaction with reverse e-auctions are explored based on the experiences of 47 purchasing organisations. The results of this study suggest that attaining lower purchase prices is more important than improving the purchasing process, meeting strategic objectives, and finding new suppliers. Overall, e-auction adopters in this study are more satisfied with the purchase price, than supplier relationships, and the e-auction process itself.
Discussion of Cash flow asymmetry: : Causes and implications for conditional conservatism research

Abstract Accounting researchers should not view CHT׳s analysis as the solution to our collective problem of being able to measure conditional conservatism. CHT provide evidence about earnings asymmetric timeliness and an accruals-based measure of asymmetric timeliness that is useful for evaluating construct validity. In some cases, CHT׳s evidence will translate directly to another researcher׳s setting. In other cases, CHT provide useful guidance for researchers to follow in conducting their own construct validity analysis. But it is ultimately the responsibility of each researcher to conduct his own construct validity analysis specific to his research question and sample.
Chiral prostanoid intermediates from aucubin

Abstract Several potentially useful prostanoid intermediates have been prepared from aucubin. Dry DMSO-NBS converts enol ethers to α-bromoesters in one step.
Metabolism of amiodarone following intratracheal instillation in hamsters

Abstract Intratracheal instillation of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone (AD) in hamsters is an established animal model of AD-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A metabolite of AD, desethylamiodarone (dAD), has also been shown to produce pulmonary fibrosis in this model. It was previously reported that following intratracheal instillation of AD in hamsters, metabolite could not be detected in lung tissue. However, in studies in our laboratory dAD was detected following instillation of AD. The goal of the present study was to monitor the distribution of AD and dAD to lung and liver within l h of AD instillation and to investigate the site of AD metabolism. Both AD and dAD were detected in the lung and liver within 5 min of AD instillation; lung and liver concentrations of AD and dAD were also quantified at 30 and 60 min following AD instillation. Incubation of lung and liver microsomes with AD showed that the liver is a probable site of AD metabolism following the intratracheal administration of AD to hamsters.
A novel cationic heteropolyoxovanadium(IV) cluster functionalized with organic ligands: synthesis and characterization of the fully reduced species [MnIIVIV6O6{(OCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)}6]Cl2

The solvothermal reaction of (HOCH2CH2)3N with [(n-C4H9)4N]3[H3V10O28] and MnCl2 x 4H2O in CH3CN and CH3OH yields a novel cationic heteropolyoxovanadium(IV) cluster, [Mn(II)V(IV)6O6[(OCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)]6]2+, containing a fully reduced new cyclic [MnV6N6O18] core with the Anderson structure.
Impact of dimensional scaling and size effects on beyond CMOS All-Spin Logic interconnects

The energy-per-bit and delay of All-Spin Logic (ASL) interconnects have been modeled. Both Al and Cu interconnect channels have been considered and the impact of size effects and dimensional scaling on their potential performance has been quantified. It is predicted that size effects will affect ASL interconnects more severely than electrical interconnects.
A progress report: Water conservation by removal of phreatophytes

Evapotranspiration from the flood plain of a major river depletes the water contributed from upstream areas of the watershed. This depletion can be significant in arid regions where water supplies are inadequate. Phreatophyte control offers a method of reducing the evapotranspiration and thus increases the water available to downstream users. This control is achieved by removing the woody phreatophytes and replacing them with grasses having a lower consumptive use.
Relation of serum albumin concentration to death rate in nursing home men.

Serum albumin was measured in 126 men (average age 70.6; range 40 to 96) of a Veterans Administration Nursing Home, and was correlated with other items in an extensive clinical data base, including death or survival during the year after the analysis. The reason for institutionalization was chronic neurologic disease or other disabling physical condition in 63 men (group A), and psychiatric disorder in 63 men (group B).In group A, the proportions of men with albumin 4.0 g/dl were 6%, 37%, and 57%, respectively. In this group, the serum albumin level was significantly (p 4.0 g/ dl, the death rates were 50%, 43%, and 11 % respectively ( p < 0.01 for comparison of the former two groups with the latter). The subgroup with albumin 3.5-4.0 g/dl repres...
A tissue-specific code based on the abundance of SDS-solubilized proteins.

Abstract Proteins were extracted from different tissues using sodium dodecyl sulfate and were resolved on polyacrylamide gels. Soluble- and particulate-fraction proteins were listed by molecular weights in order of abundance to yield a three-component code that is tissue specific.
Storage, Functional and Processing Characteristics of Pre‐ and Postrigor Beef Preblends for Wiener Production

Pre- and postrigor coarse ground beef was preblended with either salt, salt plus antioxidants or salt plus nitrite and stored for an extended period of time at 2°C. Although prerigor preblends had a lower pH and more salt-extractable protein, smokehouse yields for pre- and postrigor wiener batters were similar. Wieners prepared from prerigor raw materials were generally more acceptable in appearance, flavor and juiciness and more desirable than wieners prepared from postrigor raw materials. Desirable sausage making qualities of prerigor beef raw material can be maintained by pre-blending raw material with 3% salt plus 60 ppm nitrite, packaging preblends to minimize exposure to air and storing at 2°C for up to 28 days. Addition of a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and citric acid to the preblend had no effect on functional quality of the raw materials.
Integrating O2 production with power systems to capture CO2

Abstract Chemical cycles for separating oxygen (O 2 ) from air were developed many years ago. These cycles involve a chemical reaction to capture O 2 from the air and a change in the operating conditions to effect a controlled breakdown of the newly formed product to release the O 2 and regenerate the original species. These cycles are generally more expensive than cryogenic separation of air, partly because they consume high-temperature thermal energy (500–850°C). The chemical cycles can be integrated with high-temperature power cycles to provide efficient heat cascading and recovery because the different temperature levels at which they require thermal energy are compatible with the levels encountered in high-temperature power cycles. The O 2 can be used in the combustion process to generate a CO 2 -rich stream that is more readily separable for production of commercial-grade CO 2 . This paper presents a preliminary discussion of such integrated systems to facilitate the capture of CO 2 , aimed at reviving interest in these cycles.
IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF TELEPHONE-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Telephone information systems using synthetic speech displays have become a common form of communication between a computer and a remote user. The purpose of this study was to examine five variables associated with the design of such telephone information systems: the rate of synthetic speech, the time allowed for user input, the structure of the menu hierarchy, the availability of a diagram of the menu structure, and the amount of augmented feedback provided as the user traversed the menus. Each subject completed 16 searches through the auditory database using the telephone keypad. After each search, the subject transcribed a message presented by synthetic speech. The search task was affected by all variables except feedback. The accuracy of transcription was affected only by the rate of the synthetic speech. Implications for the design of telephone information systems are discussed.
Human glomerular endothelium: Interplay among glucose, free fatty acids, angiotensin II, and oxidative stress

Glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) are strategically situated within the capillary loop and adjacent to the glomerular mesangium. GEC serve as targets of metabolic, biochemical, and hemodynamic sig...
Phase I Clinical Trials in Patients ≥80

Phase I clinical trials play a crucial role in development of therapeutics for cancer patients. During phase I clinical trials common toxicities are delineated, dose limiting toxicities (DLT) are determined and a dose for phase II studies is recommended. However, reviews of the phase I population indicate a younger group of participants with a median age of 50-55. No data exists on the performance of octogenarians on phase I trials. Concerns for enrollment of this patient population, relates to presence of comorbidities and possibly altered pharmacokinetics in the setting of unknown potential toxicities. We present herein the largest review of octogenarians on phase I trials. Twenty-two octogenarian patients with a median age of 83 were enrolled on phase I clinical trials. More than 50% of them were chemotherapy-naive most likely indicative of the fact that treating physicians believed standard therapy to be potentially toxic to this population. These 22 patients were otherwise matched in terms of performance status and other parameters to a control group of participants < 80. This includes a similar number of cycles administered. Patients ≥80 had a 3 fold higher rate of achieving DLT (p=0.06) compared to the control group enrolled at the same dose level. The toxicities observed include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and infectious complications. Three patients were enrolled on molecular targeted treatments with no significant toxicities. We conclude that enrollment of patients ≥80 on phase I trials of chemotherapy agents is most likely associated with higher risk of DLT.
A novel method to detect crack location and volume in opaque and semi-opaque brittle materials

This research is an investigation into the use of liquid core hollow glass capillary fibers for the potential detection of cracking in opaque and semi-opaque brittle materials. The study was originally intended to combine work based on the concept of internal adhesive delivery from hollow fibers for repair with nondestructive analysis of crack location and cracking volume within the same system; however the detection system is the topic of this paper. The liquid filled hollow fibers can carry light. A cracked capillary tube which has released some liquid projects a diffraction pattern from the meniscus at the ends of the adhesive. The size relationship of these meniscuses allows us to predict the location of the fiber crack and the volume of the liquid lost into the matrix. For example, in the case of a standard capillary pipette with one-half of its liquid lost from one end, the two meniscuses projected circles approximately 4 and 2 mm in diameter. If the same amount of liquid is lost not from one end, but from somewhere else along the length of the pipette, the two to one relationship in size will remain, but the actual size will vary with distance of the meniscuses from the projection screen. The clarity of these relationships should allow later prediction of matrix crack location and volume.
VARIATIONS IN OCEANIC CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FINE-SCALE MAGNETIC ANOMALY SIGNAL

Marine magnetic anomalies are traditionally modelled using a constant thickness source layer, usually defined as the extrusive lavas associated with seismic layer 2A. Recent seismic studies reveal that the thickness of layer 2A can vary by more than a factor of two, an observation which has important implications for the magnetic anomaly source layer. We model deep-tow magnetometer data from the Endeavour Segment of the Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, in combination with nearby seismic data and find a positive correlation between the thickness of the seismically-defined layer 2A and the magnetic anomaly source layer. This suggests that short-wavelength magnetic anomalies observed within individual magnetic polarity units can arise from variations in the thickness of the extrusives, rather than geomagnetic field variations or secondary magnetization.
The infrared spectra of 3,3-dimethyldiazirine and 3,3-dimethyl-d6-diazirine

Abstract The vapor and solid phase infrared spectra for 3,3-dimethyldiazirine and 3,3-dimethyl-d 6 -diazirine have been observed in the 250–4000 cm −1 region. Vibrational assignments have been made for all infrared active fundamentals for the protonated molecule, except the B 1 methyl torsion. Accidental degeneracy was observed in some vibrations, and band contours were, in general, rather poorly defined.
Challenge of automotive sensors

ABSTRACTThe automotive industry faces the challenges of creating cost-effective improvements insensor technologies to increase vehicle quality and reliability, and to meet customer needs andwants. This paper, surveys the present, and offers a view of the future technologies and sensorsrequired the future for the automobila INTRODUCTION Automobiles will continue to operate in environments similar to today's, encountering variousroads as well as extreme temperatures, winds, and other harsh conditions. Requirements for lowmaintenance will increase as a desired feature as will the ability to handle fuels with various blendsand mixtures.Overall, customer wants and expectations probably will not change between now and 2010.[1 1 They will expect vehicles to start easily, perform and respond admirable and reliably, haveexcellent fuel economy, stop quickly and sagely on demand and comply with all governmentalregulations--all at a reasonable first cost and a minimum of maintenance. The luxury car owner,however, will expect features that were heretofore unknown, including extensive communicationand navigation facilities.The discussion will reflect upon sensor evolution, and offer a view of the challengesconfronting manufacturers and suppliers as we plan for future vehicles.FRAMEWORK FOR THE FUTURESuccess in automotive sensing will be predicated on providing valve for the customer. Valueconsists of robustness, cost-effectiveness and reduced size, while increasing the functions sensed.Quality parameters, once measured in percentages or returns/hundred parts, will be measuredin returns per million or ten million. Costs will be reflected in lower unit prices. Size considerationswill mandate space reductions per function. As automotive electronics become more sophisticated,additional sensors will be required.The term, sensor, as used in the automotive industry is really a system that contains threebasic parts; (1 ) transduction element, (2) electronics and (3) package. In some cases (e.g., variablereluctance based units) there is no need for sensor electronics. Packaging is often plastic or metal.The electronics is sometimes monolithic silicon, but usually is an integrated circuit (IC) and a printedcircuit board or ceramic substrata It is the transduction element where we have seen varioustechnologies. Therefore, we shall discuss those technologies which are embodied in thetransduction element.Microprocessor-based automotive electronic control systems began with electronic enginecontrol [2] and has evolved into a vehicle wide sensor application using many technologiesincluding:
Characterization of line graphs

Abstract Let G be a finite undirected graph with at most one edge joining a pair of vertices and no edge joining a vertex to itself. L(G) denotes the line graph of G, i.e., the vertices of L(G) are the edges of G and two vertices of L(G) are adjacent if the corresponding edges of G are adjacent. Let d(u) denote the valence of a vertex u. Let d(G) denote the smallest integer which is equal to the valence of some vertex of u. For an edge (u,v). Δ(u,v) denotes the number of vertices w which are adjacent to both u and v. The main theorem of this paper is: If (i) d(G)>43, (ii)−2 is the minimum eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of G, and (iii) for any edge (u,v), Δ(u,v) 3, the the line graph L(H) satisfies conditions (ii) and (iii) stated above.
Molecular Orientation Distributions in Protein Films. 4. A Multilayer Composed of Yeast Cytochrome c Bound through an Intermediate Streptavidin Layer to a Planar Supported Phospholipid Bilayer

Multilayer protein films in which avidin or streptavidin is used as a cross-linking agent are widely used in bioanalytical laboratories for diagnostics, isolation, and localization. However, compar...
Modeling the economics of landfilling organic processing waste streams

As manufacturing industries become more cognizant of the ecological effects that their firms have on the surrounding environment, their waste streams are increasingly becoming viewed not only as materials in need of disposal, but also as resources that can be reused, recycled, or reprocessed into valuable products. Within the food processing sector are many examples of various liquid, sludge, and solid biological and organic waste streams that require remediation. Alternative disposal methods for food and other bio-organic manufacturing waste streams are increasingly being investigated. Direct shipping, blending, extrusion, pelleting, and drying are commonly used to produce finished human food, animal feed, industrial products, and components ready for further manufacture. Landfilling, the traditional approach to waste remediation, however, should not be dismissed entirely. It does provide a baseline to which all other recycling and reprocessing options should be compared. This paper discusses the implementation of a computer model designed to examine the economics of landfilling bio-organic processing waste streams. Not only are these results applicable to food processing operations, but any industrial or manufacturing firm would benefit from examining the trends discussed here.
Cancer survivorship: a new challenge for surgical and medical oncologists.

Increasingly, oncology practitioners are realizing that despite the “success” of cancer therapies, cancer survivors are facing previously unrecognized issues related to survivorship, including physical and psychosocial side-effects of the cancer and its treatment, second cancers, and practical and economic issues related to adjusting to life after their cancer diagnosis. In gastrointestinal cancers, traditionally, the medical and surgical oncologists charged with the care of the patient are not well-equipped to deal with these survivorship issues. At the Penn State Cancer Institute’s newly formed Gastrointestinal Cancer Survivorship Clinic, we provide a full array of services to optimize care through a multi-disciplinary approach. By utilizing a multi-disciplinary model with the primary medical and surgical oncologists spearheading the survivorship initiative and psychological and pastoral support as a priority, we hope to optimize cancer survivor care and patient quality of life.
Brainstem afferents to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.

The ascending connections from the brainstem to the dorsal division of the lateral geniculate nucleus were examined using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Labelled cells were identified in a variety of structures, including the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), the posterior pretectal nucleus (NPP), the superior colliculus (SC), the parabigeminal nucleus (PBN), the midbrain reticular formation (MRF), locus coeruleus and nucleus sub-coeruleus, the substantia nigra (SN), and parts of the raphe complex. The projections from NOT, NPP, MRF, LC and PBN were all bilateral in origin. The most intense labelling was observed in the nucleus of the optic tract and the superior colliculus. Colliculo-geniculate cells were located primarily in the superficial gray lamina II1 and II2 of Kaneseki and Sprague (1974), but sparse labelling was also observed in lamina II3 and in statum opticum (lamina III). Consistent with the report of Harrell et al. (1982), these cells represent a morphologically diverse population, which includes stellate cells, granule cells, and both vertical and horizontal fusiform cells. A similarly diverse population of cell types contributes to the geniculate projection arising from NOT. These results confirm and extend earlier descriptions of the brainstem projections to the cat LGNd, and serve to emphasize the diversity of brainstem influences over the geniculate.
A Participant-Observation Course in Applied Adolescent Development

We designed a course to help students learn about problems affecting urban adolescents and to work with the local community to develop and implement suitable solutions. To supplement course readings, students observed an assigned city neighborhood. They kept a journal, visited local institutions serving youth, and interviewed residents. Each student received statistical data on this neighborhood, the city as a whole, and the greater metropolitan area. Students discussed social problems, considered alternative social policies, and learned how social change is implemented on the community level.
Top management sponsorship to guide communities of practice

Purpose – Prior research on managing communities of practice (CoP) has not investigated top management's involvement in detail. The purpose of this paper is to present three detailed and successful mechanisms through which top management contributes to the guidance of CoPs.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents an investigation of 47 CoPs conducted in several organizations. Data collection was achieved using a qualitative questionnaire, followed by in‐depth interviews with leaders of CoPs.Findings – This study explored three mechanisms used by sponsors to successfully guide CoPs. More specifically, the findings highlight a set of operational means used by top management – via sponsors – to supervise and facilitate best practice development and sharing within CoPs.Research limitations/implications – The CoPs should be examined by means of an ethnological approach, thus interacting with many members of the same CoP to gain an in‐depth understanding of each mechanism's significance for the sponsors...
Concern about forecasts of national faculty shortages and the importance of local studies

The higher education popular press has published several forecasts of faculty shortages due to the mass retirement of expansion era faculty and the forecasted low numbers of doctoral graduates. These forecasts of national shortages encouraged a local study of faculty attrition in a four-campus university system. The local study considered two factors not accounted for in national studies but important locally: whether disciplinary field of study or campus location (urban or rural) has been associated with faculty attrition in the recent past and should therefore be considered when modeling demand for new faculty. Discipline and institution location were found to have no significant effect on the likelihood of faculty to continue employment from year to year when faculty age was controlled. Although retirement rate was expected to increase, no evidence of mass retirements producing an increased demand for new faculty was found. The lack of forecasted increases in demand for faculty locally led to reconsideration of national forecast studies, especially when it was determined that the age distribution of faculty across system campuses was similar to faculty nationwide. This paper questions whether there is sufficient evidence, as presented in the popular press, to support special action to increase the supply of faculty.
Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid and picrotoxin on spontaneous activity in the central nervous system of the crayfish.

SINCE the extraction of an inhibitory substance (factor I) from mammalian brain1, one constituent of which was identified as γ-aminobutyric acid2, this constituent has been tried on a number of invertebrate preparations3. It imitates the action of inhibitory neurones in crayfish and on injection into the animal results in flaccidity2. The action of γ-aminobutyric acid is very similar to that obtained on stimulation of the inhibitory fibres in crayfish stretch receptors4. The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid are counteracted by picrotoxin in this preparation2 as well as in crayfish hearts5. Picrotoxin by itself is a convulsant in crayfish6,7 although no effect on synaptic transmission is observed using 2.5 × 10−4 M picrotoxin8. However, concentrations greater than 10−6 M progressively decrease the effect of inhibitory nerve stimulation in crayfish claws9.
Generation of a Reactive ( i -Pr 2 NP) 2 Fe 2 (CO) 6 Intermediate by Extrusion of a Phosphorus-Bridging Carbonyl Group: Matrix Isolation and Chemical Reactivity Studies

A reactive ( i -Pr 2 NP) 2 Fe 2 (CO) 6 intermediate, which is generated by heating ( i -Pr 2 NP) 2 COFe 2 (CO) 6 in boiling toluene, adds to a variety of multiple bonds including the C=O bonds of aldehydes, ketones, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride; the C L N bonds of saturated nitriles; and the C=C bond of acrylonitrile. Photolysis at <380 nm of ( i -Pr 2 NP) 2 COFe 2 (CO) 6 in a Nujol matrix at 90 K also results in extrusion of the phosphorus-bridging CO group to give a pattern of infrared metal x (CO) frequencies suggestive of an intermediate of D 2 h symmetry.
Comorbidities and Lack of Blood Transfusion May Negatively Affect Maternal Outcomes of Women with Obstetric Hemorrhage Treated with NASG

The Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) is a first-aid device to reduce mortality from severe obstetric hemorrhage, the leading cause of maternal mortality globally. We sought to evaluate patient characteristics associated with mortality among a cohort of women treated with the NASG in Nigeria. Data on 1,149 women were collected from 50 facilities participating in the Pathfinder International Continuum of Care: Addressing Postpartum Hemorrhage project in Nigeria from 2007–2012. Characteristics were compared using the appropriate distributional tests, and we estimated multivariable logistic regression models to control for treatment received. There were 201 deaths (17.5%). Women who died were significantly more likely to have any co-morbidity (AOR 3.63, 95% CI: 2.41–5.48), ruptured uterus (AOR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.48–5.28), macerated stillbirth (AOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.60–5.48) and to have had 6 or more previous births, (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11–2.12), after adjusting for treatment received. These results suggest certain maternal conditions, particularly the presence of another life-threatening co-morbidity or macerated stillbirth, conferred a higher risk of mortality from PPH. This underscores the need for multi-system assessment and a comprehensive approach to the treatment of women with pregnancy complications.
Harman in human platelets

Abstract The β-carbolines present in human platelets have been extracted with diethyl ether, isolated by liquid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and identified by ultraviolet fluorimetry, gas liquid chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Harman (1-methyl-β-carboline) was the only β-carboline unequivocally identified in platelet samples with these techniques. Since harman is thought to be biosynthesized by the condensation of tryptamine and acetaldehyde, its formation may be of importance in the metabolism and the pharmacological-toxicological actions of alcohol.
The thermal disproportionation of 3-chloropropyltrichlogermane

Abstract 3-Chloropropyltrichlorogermane gave allyltrichlorogermane as the main product upon heating above 180°. Products arising from thermolysis at reduced pressure showed that both GeCl and GeC bonds are labile as well as the remote carbon-chlorine bond.
Training Trends and Needs of Paraprofessionals in Transition Service Delivery Agencies

The goal of improving services to help students with disabilities make successful transitions from school to adult living has increased the need for close collaborative relationships among public schools and adult service delivery agencies. One noticeable outgrowth of the emphasis on transition services has been the increased presence of and reliance on paraprofessionals at both public school and adult service levels. This study examined the training options and needs of paraprofessionals who provide transition services in a variety of public school and adult agencies. Few structured training programs for these paraprofessionals were found, and the training needs of these personnel were identified. The expansion of research and training efforts in this personnel development area is recommended.
Interfacial and Monolayer Properties of Poly(vinylcaprolactam)

The surface properties of a polydisperse poly(vinycaprolactam) (48 kDa) have been studied at the air/water and hexane/water interfaces. Adsorption of the polymer at both interfaces shows substantial time-dependent surface tension lowering at remarkably low concentrations in the aqueous phase. This adsorption is increased by addition of electrolyte, which also lowers the lower consolute temperature (LCT) of the polymer in solution. Adsorption is endothermic, corresponding with the approach to the LCT as the temperature is raised. Spreading of the polymer at the air/water interface from aqueous solutions is near quantitative. The surface pressure−area isotherms indicate extensive coiling in the monolayer at low pressures and looping of the polymer monolayer into the aqueous phase in the higher pressure range.
Some aspects of the planar perturbation series

Abstract We discuss several features of the class of planar Feynman diagrams in perturbation theory. We show that the number of planar n -loop diagrams grows exponentially in n in any field theory, and calculate the detailed asymptotic behavior for φ 3 and φ 4 . We discuss the implications of this result for the convergence of the series and its relation to various semiclassical instabilities, with special reference to non-Abelian gauge theories. We also derive a functional integral equation for planar graphs.
Control of External Aeromonas salmonicida: Topical Disinfection of Salmonids with Chloramine-T

Abstract Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were treated with single 60-min static baths of 250 mg formalin/L, 3% NaCl, and 15 mg Chloramine-T/L to evaluate the efficacy of these compounds against external infections of Aeromonas salmonicida. Prevalence of A. salmonicida was significantly lower in brook trout treated with Chloramine-T than among those treated with formalin or salt. Further laboratory tests substantiated the therapeutic value of a single treatment of ChloramineT (15 mg/L) against A. salmonicida. In two experiments, viable counts of A. salmonicida in mucus did not vary among replicate groups of treated brook trout, but the counts for treated fish were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those for untreated controls. In vitro tube dilution assays indicated that mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of Chloramine-T for 10 isolates of A. salmonicida were 9.0 mg/L for 1 h and 2.25 mg/L, for 24 h. In field trials at the White River National Fish Hatchery (Bethel, Vermont), the pathogen was detec...
What They Expect and Why We Should Care: Students’ Perspectives on Hospitality Faculty Industry Experience

Hospitality management programs, similar to other fields within higher education, are faced with numerous challenges including decreased funding and competition for students.In an effort to boost enrollment, researchers suggest a transformation of higher education, placing students at the center of these initiatives.With a focus on service, particularly student-staff interactions, knowledgeable and experienced faculty have been shown to increase perceived service quality. This research sought to quantify students’ perspectives regarding the importance of faculty members’ hospitality industry experience in an effort to meet expectations, which may translate into greater undergraduate enrollment, retention and graduation rates. A large sample (n = 1130) of undergraduates from the U.S. participated in the study from hospitality programs ranging under 500 to over 1000 students.
Debating English's Hegemony: American, Australian and Slovenian Students Discuss “The” Global Language

This article looks at how mother-tongue English speakers and those who do not have English as a mother tongue discuss the complex questions that swirl around the global hegemony of English when given an opportunity to discuss these directly with one another. The article does so via an analysis of a series of online exchanges about English's global rise among American, Australian, and Slovenian university students. The analysis reveals that English's global expansion can look and feel quite different, and in fact is quite different, to different social actors, all of them situated differently vis-a-vis this social phenomenon along a variety of different social, cultural, national and, most notably, linguistic axes.
Abstract 723: Acquired resistance to PLX4720 involves both ERK re-activation and suppression of BH3-only proteins in human melanoma cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL B-RAF is mutated to a constitutively active form in 8% of human cancers. Tumors harboring mutant B-RAF are often dependent on B-RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling for the maintenance of malignant properties. Evidence for oncogene addiction has been underscored in early phase clinical trials in which the RAF inhibitor, PLX4032/RG7204, caused partial or complete responses in 81% of mutant B-RAF harboring melanoma patients. However, the average duration of response was 7-8 months with the majority of patients relapsing, indicating the acquisition of resistance to PLX4032. Since understanding the mechanisms of resistance will drive the design of future combinatorial trials, we undertook an in vitro analysis of melanoma cell acquired resistance to PLX4720, the tool compound for PLX4032. Through continuous culture in the presence of PLX4720, we developed mutant B-RAF melanoma cell populations that display resistance to B-RAF inhibitors. Resistance was associated with a partial re-activation of ERK1/2 signaling, recovery of G1/S cell cycle events, and suppression of BH3-only proteins, Bim-EL and Bmf, in the presence of PLX4720. Preventing the ERK1/2 re-activation with MEK inhibitors blocked G1-S cell cycle events but failed to induce apoptosis or up-regulate Bim-EL and Bmf levels. These data indicate that acquired resistance to PLX4032/4720 likely involves ERK1/2 pathway re-activation and ERK1/2-independent silencing of BH3-only protein up-regulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 723. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-723
THE USE OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE STRUCTURES FOR ASSESSING THE PSYCHOMETRIC UTILITY OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA IN DIFFERENTIAL PREDICTION STUDIES

It is assumed that the dependent variables in differential prediction studies, test bias studies, analysis of variance and covariance designs are characterized by certain psychometric properties which are invariant across the subgroups of interest. More specifically, the validity of the results in such analyses depend on the assumption that the dependent variables are measuring the same constructs in the same metrics with equivalent reliabilities across all subgroups. Systematic procedures are outlined for testing these assumptions.
Evolving theories of vowel perception.

In the past 15 years, research on the perception of spoken vowels has given rise to new conceptions of vowels as articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual events. This paper traces the evolution of vowel theory starting from “simple” target models in which vowels were characterized articulatorily as static vocal tract shapes and acoustically as points in an F1/F2 vowel space. Within this conceptual framework, two major problems in perception to be accounted for were the Speaker Normalization problem and the Target Undershoot problem. Theoretical developments have taken two directions: (1) “Elaborated” target theories have been hypothesized which account primarily for perceivers' solution of the Speaker Normalization problem; (2) dynamic specification models have been offered (a) to deal with the Target Undershoot problem and (b) to characterize the perceptual significance of vowel diphthongization. Findings of perceptual studies are summarized that motivate these theoretical developments and a characterization is offered of vowels as dynamic gestures giving rise to temporally distributed acoustic information that perceivers utilize in identifying coarticulated vowels. [Research supported by NINCDS.]
The Impact of an Ongoing Professional Development Program on Prekindergarten Teachers' Mathematics Practices

Mathematics is a natural part of daily life for young children as they explore and investigate the world around them. To build on these experiences, and to begin establishing a mathematical foundation, early childhood educators must not only be knowledgeable about mathematical concepts, they must also be aware of the most developmentally appropriate ways in which to teach these concepts to young children. After participation in an ongoing professional development program, specifically targeting teachers of prekindergarten children in public school, Preschool Programs for Children with Disabilities (PPCD), Head Start, and child care settings, teachers reported positive changes in math practices. Specifically, teachers reported a stronger alignment to national mathematics standards and increased awareness pertaining to developmentally appropriate mathematics practices as they apply to early childhood classrooms. Teachers reported a shift towards more hands-on activities and a shift away from the use of work...
Propositions or Objects? A Critique of Gail Fine on Knowledge and Belief in Republic V

According to most contemporary epistemologies, the distinction between true belief and knowledge concerns, not objects, but propositions. What we know or believe are propositions about objects, not these objects themselves.' Knowing something is thus rendered completely disanalogous to seeing something. Whether or not I see something depends on the direct relation I have to the object and on the character of the object, i. e., whether or not it is something visible (as opposed, for example, to something only audible). Knowledge, on the other hand, does not depend on any sort of direct relation to the object, but instead on the justification or explanation of propositions; furthermore, presumably anything about which we can formulate meaningful propositions can in theory though not, of course, in fact be known. Many interpreters believe that Plato's conception of knowledge does not fit this model. Plato appears to take very seriously the analogy frequently found in his writings between knowing and seeing. A locus classicus is the argument at the end of Republic V that, in apparently concluding that one can know only intelligible forms and that nothing more than belief is possible with regard to sensible objects, appears to understand knowledge and belief as direct cognitive relations to objects and as restricted to certain kinds of objects. This common reading of the argument, however, has been challenged by Gail Fine in a couple of articles, the first appearing almost two decades ago.' Fine rejects the "objects analysis" that interprets the argument as correlating knowledge with certain kinds of objects. She defends instead a "contents analysis" that interprets the argument as correlating knowledge
Self-dual monopoles in SU (5)

Explicit solutions to the self-duality equations of SU (5) gauge theory are obtained for all embeddings of physical interest. This is done by showing that for each case considered of a nonmaximal embedding the equations can be mapped into the self-duality equations for maximal embedding for some $\mathrm{SU}(N)$, where $Nl5$. The method generalizes to $\mathrm{SU}(N)$.
What does it take to be successful

Physicists were asked the question, “What do you think are the most important qualities needed to be successful at the type of work you do?” The results demonstrate which qualities physicists value...
Economic incentives and the demand for accounting information: Perspectives from medieval English finance

In this paper we examine similarities that medieval English finance bears to modern systems of national finance. First, the medieval system afforded economic incentives which invited potential abuse by self-interested parties; second, while proposed solutions to such abuses were both administrative and fiscal, the fiscal monitoring solutions were largely accounting in nature. We discuss several of the medieval abuses and their accounting-based solutions instituted from, roughly, A.D. 1200 to 1375. We conclude that many of the economic factors and competing relationships of constituent groups are remarkably similar in principle and application to today’s environment. By gaining a perspective on their historical bases, we can gain a richer understanding of current practices.
An international partnership: impacting wound care in Brazil.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to review nursing literature about international partnerships, describe nursing and nursing education in Brazil, and describe an international partnership about chronic wound prevention and treatment in Brazil. Because countries often share health care concerns, nursing knowledge is greater than any one country's health care trends or clinical issues. Although the literature has numerous articles about pressure ulcers and other chronic wounds, much of this information is lacking for nurses in Brazil because it is primarily written in English. This project provided educational programs in Portuguese to nurses and nursing students in Brazil, involved them in the development of wound care protocols, allowed practice with dressings, and stimulated discussions on improvement of home care to patients and families. WOC nurses have a critical global role in sharing wound care knowledge. (J WOCN 2002;29:287-94.)
Coincident Lidar and Aircraft Observations of Entrainment into Thermals and Mixed Layers

Abstract Coincident observations of the daytime convective boundary layer over Oklahoma were made with the NCAR Queen Air aircraft and the University of Wisconsin ground-based lidar. The two data sets have been merged to provide a unique visual representation of the temperature, moisture, vertical velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and the momentum fluxes in a field of thermals. These data show that horizontal moisture profiles observed in thermals penetrating the entrainment zone tend to exhibit more of a top-hat profile than the corresponding temperature or vertical velocity profiles. The specific humidities observed at various heights including cloud base 1) are frequently nearly constant along the horizontal tracks within each thermal; 2) show thermal-to-thermal variability; and 3) have values nearly the same as found in the surface layer. This paper also proposes the concept of an “intromission zone” describing the zone of lateral entrainment at the edges of active thermals. For the data studied here...
Stability of Liquid Films Containing Monodisperse Colloidal Particles.

Thin liquid films containing colloidal particles are considered to be the key structural elements of three-phase foams containing liquid, gas, and colloidal particles. This study is aimed at understanding the stability of such films in the absence of any surfactants. The particles form a layered structure in the film and produce a stepwise thinning in the thin liquid films. We report here for the first time the effects of particle concentration and size on film thickness transition of curved liquid films containing monodispersed colloidal particles. The rate of stepwise film thinning was observed to be high when particle concentration was low and both particle size and film size were large. The phenomenon of stepwise film thinning (i.e., stratification) is rationalized on the basis of diffusion of colloidal particles from the film to the meniscus, i.e., the diffusive osmotic mechanism. There exists a critical film size below which at least one layer of particles always stays in the film (i.e., black spot expansion does not occur). This critical size is dependent upon both particle size and concentration. Also, Monte Carlo simulations of the film show that, at a high particle concentration, better particle in-layer structure develops that increases the energy barrier, inhibiting particle diffusion from the film to the bulk meniscus.
Effect of nutritional state and allopourinol on purine metabolism in the rat small intestine

Abstract The effect of fasting and refeeding on the uptake and retention of purines by the small intestine of the rat was studied in vivo. Short-term uptake and incorporation into nucleotides of the purine bases adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine and the nucleoside inosine were evaluated in the proximal jejunum. After 5 min, more label was recovered in the intestinal contents in fasted rats, indicating that total absorption was reduced. However, intestinal retention of purines (50 nmol dose) was elevated with fasting (27.2 vs. 16.6 nmol/g for adenine, 5.7 vs. 3.0 nmol/g for guanine and 16.1 vs 7.4 nmol/g for hypoxanthine, for fed vs. fasted, respectively). After 1 day of refeeding, retention remained elevateed for adenine (27.4 nmol/g) and quanine (5.5 nmol/g). After 3 days of refeeding intestinal weight and retention of labeled purines returned to the unfasted levels. Nucleotide formation from all purine bases was greater in the intestinal tissue of tissue of fasted as compared to fed rats (25.4 vs 11.4 nmol/g for adenine, 1.32 vs 0.24 nmol/g for guanine, and 2.84 vs 0.82 nmol/g for hypoxanthine). At a higher dose (3000 nmol) hypoxanthine and inosine were retained to a greater extent in the fasted than in the fed state. Pretreatment with allopourinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) reduced the absorption of hypoxanthine, increased the retention of label in the tissue 4-fold or more, and elevated nucleotide formation 1-fold or more. Fasting and allopourinol treatment, both known affectors of xanthine oxidase activity, enhanced both the retention of dietary purine and nucleotide formation.