cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
After the Violence.

The Easter 2019 bombings in Sri Lanka signified how religious frictions could result in violence whose mental health impacts linger. Against the backdrop of nation-wide trauma due to a three-decade-long civil war and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the mental health consequences of the bombings in the context of Sri Lanka’s history remain unknown, and likely underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this philosophical exploration, a medical student of Sri Lankan descent grapples with these issues by untangling his own connections to the island.
Active voice authentication

Abstract Active authentication refers to a new mode of identity verification in which biometric indicators are continuously tested to provide real-time or near real-time monitoring of an authorized access to a service or use of a device. This is in contrast to the conventional authentication systems where a single test in form of a verification token such as a password is performed. In active voice authentication, voice is the biometric modality. This paper describes an ensemble of techniques that make reliable speaker verification possible using unconventionally short voice test signals. These techniques include model adaptation and minimum verification error training that are tailored for the extremely short training and testing requirements. A database of 25 speakers is recorded for developing this system. In our off-line evaluation on this dataset, the system achieves an average windowed-based equal error rates of 3-4% depending on the model configuration, which is remarkable considering that only 1 second of voice data is used to make every single authentication decision. On the NIST SRE 2001 Dataset, the system provides a 3.88% absolute gain over i-vector when the duration of test segment is 1 second. A real-time demonstration system has been implemented on Microsoft Surface Pro.
Chapter 36 – Transplantation Immunology

Physicians have long considered the transplantation of tissue and organs to individuals with various pathologies to be the Holy Grail. Initially they were faced with technical issues such as maintaining viability in organs removed from donors and anastomosing blood vessels. These issues were solved during the first half of the twentieth century, and in 1954, Joseph Murray and colleagues performed the first successful kidney transplant between identical twins. Subsequently the problem of immunologic rejection needed to be addressed. Although transplantation of relatively avascular tissue (cornea) was successful, the transfer of vascularized organs between donors and recipients who were not genetically identical routinely failed. Studies in the early 1900s demonstrated that transplanted tumors expressed cell surface antigens that stimulated adaptive immune responses. In the 1940s and 1950s, Peter Medawar showed that rejection of healthy tissue was due to an immunological reaction and that the antigens responsible for inducing this response were the same as those involved in tumor rejection. Further studies revealed that these antigens are coded for by genes in the major histocompatibility complex. The destructive reaction involves activation of T lymphocytes in the recipient. This knowledge led to the development of several drugs that can control these responses and has made organ transplantation the success it currently is.
FALCON-X: Zero-copy MPI derived datatype processing on modern CPU and GPU architectures

Abstract This paper addresses the challenges of MPI derived datatype processing and proposes FALCON-X — A Fast and Low-overhead Communication framework for optimized zero-copy intra-node derived datatype communication on emerging CPU/GPU architectures. We quantify various performance bottlenecks such as memory layout translation and copy overheads for highly fragmented MPI datatypes and propose novel pipelining and memoization-based designs to achieve efficient derived datatype communication. In addition, we also propose enhancements to the MPI standard to address the semantic limitations. The experimental evaluations show that our proposed designs significantly improve the intra-node communication latency and bandwidth over state-of-the-art MPI libraries on modern CPU and GPU systems. By using representative application kernels such as MILC, WRF, NAS_MG, Specfem3D, and Stencils on three different CPU architectures and two different GPU systems including DGX-2, we demonstrate up to 5.5x improvement on multi-core CPUs and 120x benefits on DXG-2 GPU system over state-of-the-art designs in other MPI libraries.
Imperfect Relations: Tomás Gutiérrez Alea’s Hasta cierto punto and Federico Fellini’s 8½

Italian neorealism’s influence on Cuban revolutionary filmmaking is well-known, but ongoing dialogs between Italian and Cuban film are less so. I propose an alternative film historiography, inspire...
Contemporary Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke Across the Continuum: From TeleStroke to Intra-Arterial Management

In this comprehensive contemporary review of acute ischemic stroke management, what is new and different will be highlighted beginning with prehospital stroke systems of care, emergency medical systems, and mobile stroke units, followed by hospital stroke teams, emergency evaluation, telemedicine, and brain and vascular imaging, and finishing with emergency treatments including thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy.
Paleoecological and paleolandscape modeling support for pre-Columbian burning by Native Americans in the Golden Trout Wilderness Area, California, USA

Though people have used fire to alter landscapes across North America for millennia, there remains a debate whether Native Americans altered California’s mountainous forests to create an anthropogenic landscape. We use paleoecological reconstructions and paleolandscape modeling to test whether climate or Native Americans were the driving force of pre-historic forest composition change. Understanding pre-historic forests and land-use legacies becomes more critical in a warming climate as wildfires become deadlier and more extensive. We performed a sub-centennial pollen and charcoal reconstruction for the last 1200 years using standard techniques. We then used a forest succession model to quantitatively test drivers of change: climatic fires only, or the addition of Native American-set surface fires. Hypothesized periods of anthropogenic burning were inferred from the pollen record (more open canopy taxa than climatically expected). Modeled outputs were compared against the paleorecord to determine which drivers best explained changes in the empirical record. Periods of occupation from the archaeological record were compared to hypothesized periods of burning. Pollen and charcoal reconstructions showed intermittent periods inconsistent with climatic expectations. Modeled scenarios including surface fires set by Native Californians during these periods had the greatest correlation with the observed paleoecological record. Inferred periods of burning corresponded temporally with site used based on the archaeological record. California’s pre-historic forests were altered by the traditional use of fire as a tool by Native Americans. Modeled outputs hint that incorporating indigenous resources management practices could improve forest health and decrease the likelihood of catastrophic wildfires.
Vitamin Analysis Comparison Study.

Purpose We compared and analyzed the concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper in both national and regional brands of dietary supplements recommended for patients who are at risk for macular degeneration. Design Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods National brand name and generic multivitamin formulations for age-related macular degeneration were obtained. Comparative analysis of the vitamin C and vitamin E content was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the zinc and copper content was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy in an institutional chemistry laboratory. Results All national brand name vitamins, both tablet and gel capsule formulations, and generic brands in tablet form were relatively accurate in their product labeling. For most of the samples tested, the measured quantities of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper were slightly higher than labeled but not to an amount that would cause any systemic toxicity if taken at the recommended dosages. Conclusions Physicians may recommend national brand name vitamins and generic brands in tablet form to their patients with some confidence; however, the content may have some inaccuracies regarding labeling.
Determination of Some Major and Trace Elements in Cladodes of Barbary fig (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.

Barbary fig (Opuntia ficus-indica) has attracted great attention in extensive rural agriculture for its potential agronomic, medicinal, and environmental benefits. However, there is only incomplete information about its chemical profile. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry was applied to determine the concentrations of 11 major and trace elements (Br, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, P, Rb, Sr, Yb, and Zn) in cladodes of O. ficus-indica and the adjacent soil. For analytical accuracy, the standard reference materials CRM–IAEA 336 (Lichen) and CRM–NIST 1646a (Estuarine Sediment) were used. The relationships between the chemical elements were established by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that K, P, Fe, and Mn were the dominant essential elements in O. ficus-indica cladodes; however, Br, Cr, Cu, Rb, Yb, and Zn were present at low concentrations. The cladodes showed high enrichment with K, Sr, and Br (BEF > 1), but the values of this coefficient were below 1 for the remaining elements. The PCA showed that in the O. ficus-indica cladodes, the higher concentrations of Br, K, and Sr were correlated; conversely, the highest contents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Rb, Yb, and Zn were retained in the soil. The present findings enabled us to determine that O. ficus-indica has a high ability to accumulate K, P, Fe, and Mn in its cladodes. Therefore, the data obtained from the analysis of this cactus will be useful for nutritional and medicinal purposes.
Tunable Single-Ion Anisotropy in Spin-1 Models Realized with Ultracold Atoms

Mott insulator plateaus in optical lattices are a versatile platform to study spin physics. Using sites occupied by two bosons with an internal degree of freedom, we realize a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy term proportional to $({S}^{z}{)}^{2}$ that plays an important role in stabilizing magnetism for low-dimensional magnetic materials. Here we explore nonequilibrium spin dynamics and observe a resonant effect in the spin alignment as a function of lattice depth when exchange coupling and on-site anisotropy are similar. Our results are supported by many-body numerical simulations and are captured by the analytical solution of a two-site model.
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens

Two cases of phlegmasia cerulea dolens are presented with acute venous obstruction, arterial spasm, and compromise of circulation to the extremity.
Oligarchy, Democracy, and Tyranny in the Italian City-States

In the Italian city-states, the rich oligarchs, such as the Medicis of Florence, successfully repressed democracy. But the people of Florence, Venice, Genoa, and others of the numerous Italian city-states remained rebellious. Also, rich families competed with each other, murdering each other in ruthless vendettas. Machiavelli’s The Prince, not only documents this anarchic violence, but also describes the policies by which the various tyrants restored order and maintained their power in this ruthless political atmosphere.
The Ecocentrists: A History of Radical Environmentalism

The ideas of “Radical environmentalism” in the U.S. began in modern form in the 1960s, emerging from a tangle of different philosophies. In his book The Ecocentrists, Keith Makoto Woodhouse reveals...
Measuring consumer-perceived humanness of online organizational agents

Abstract As organizations increasingly adopt artificial intelligence (AI) systems for their online communication with publics, conceptualizing and operationalizing perceived humanness presents an important challenge to understanding how consumers and other publics respond to both AI and human agents in live chats with organizations. This study develops a measure of consumer-perceived humanness derived from three related constructs: conversational human voice, anthropomorphism, and social presence. The new measure was tested for reliability and validity, including tests of criterion validity predicting how it would relate to perceived relational investment and trust as relational outcomes. Two online studies (N₁ = 172, N₂ = 375) were conducted in which participants interacted with either human or machine online chat agents. Greater perceived humanness of chat agents was found to correlate with greater perceived relational investment and trust in the organization, with perceived relational investment mediating the relationship between perceived humanness and trust. Perceived humanness can be utilized subsequently to assess both human and machine agents. Its corollary, perceived machineness, also was identified as a separate factor to be taken into consideration in future research and theory building.
Civil Society, Economic Distress, and Social Tolerance

The idea that civil society is declining has been much discussed recently, for example, by Fukuyama (Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press, 1995) and Putnam (The American Prospect 13 (Spring):35–42, 19937semi; Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, Sweden, August 27–30, 1994; PS: Political Science and Politics, December: 664–683:. At the same time, another stream of research suggests that racial tolerance is increasing through time (Quillian, American Journal of Sociology 101 (3):816–860, 1996; Firebaugh and Davis, American Journal of Sociology 94 (2):251–272. This paper combines ideas from several intellectual traditions to suggest that economic conditions may affect civil society, which in turn may influence social tolerance. These ideas are explored, using multivariate analysis of pooled General Social Survey data from 1972 to 1994. The results suggest that the fabric of civil society and economic conditions may contribute somewhat to espoused tolerance. Greater economic security, together with the attitudes fostered by a vibrant civil society including greater trust and less anomia, appear to increase espoused social tolerance. Period effects and the effects of other demographic factors remain strongly related to expressions of tolerance. While alternative interpretations may be offered depending on whether the interaction terms, Year × Education or Cohort × Education, are included in the analysis, the high correlation between the two suggests that these interpretations cannot be seen as oppositional. Finally and most important, the analysis reveals many parallels between espoused racial and homosexual tolerance, suggesting a more generalizable model of social tolerance.
Role of O-acetyl groups in the interaction of Vi antigen with protein.

1. 1. The enzyme degrading Vi antigen shows maximal activity at a substrate to protein activator ratio of 10:1. The enzyme appears to attack a Vi-protein complex rather than the free Vi antigen. The enzyme does not require an activator when the substrate lacks O-acetyl groups. 2. 2. Immunoelectrophoresis and sucrose density gradient centrifugation show that O-deacetylated Vi antigen does not form soluble complexes with albumin, and does not protect albumin from trichloroacetic acid precipitation. 3. 3. O-Acetyl groups are required for the formation of specific soluble protein-Vi antigen complexes.
A simple model for describing a lattice with a double occupancy

A simple model is presented to investigate an impact of the double occupied sites on the ground state energy of a lattice. The model is seen as a useful tool to introduce undergraduate or graduate physics students to an array of a relatively simple mathematical apparatus and physical ideas which they can choose later for a deeper study. Instead of analyzing a system of electrons in a periodic potential, a system of sites having different energy states related to a number of extra electrons at a site is considered. The simplification is achieved by introducing operators for one-electron sites and two-electron sites as independent entities. A simple modeling function for the ground state of the system is constructed. Linear and quadratic lattices are considered. For a quadratic lattice the existence of a critical temperature is shown.
Clinically Important Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions with H2-Receptor Antagonists: An Update

The H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine are well tolerated, with a low frequency and similar spectrum of adverse effects. The occasional problematic effects that have been associated with these agents include central nervous system symptoms (mental confusion, headache, and depression), rare cases of thrombocytopenia, and cardiovascular events related to the rate of intravenous infusion. Severe renal and hepatic impairment appear to be associated with a higher occurrence of central nervous system effects. Because the H2-receptor antagonists elevate gastric pH, bind to and inhibit the hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, and undergo renal tubular secretion, competition with other drugs sharing these pathways has resulted in a number of drug interactions, most of which are not clinically significant. The interaction that occurs with theophylline and warfarin when the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system is inhibited by cimetidine and ranitidine requires monitoring. Recent data suggest that administering cimetidine 800 mg at bedtime has less effect on the serum concentrations of warfarin and theophylline than other dosing regimens. Evidence to date indicates that famotidine does not bind to cytochrome P-450 to a significant extent, and interactions with drugs metabolized by this system have not been reported; however, clinical experience with this agent is very limited.
Intracellular sorting of neuromodulin (GAP-43) mutants modified in the membrane targeting domain

Neuromodulin (GAP-43) is a neurospecific calmodulin binding protein that is targeted to neuronal growth cones via fast axonal transport by an undefined mechanism. The protein is associated with membranes by palmitoylation of cys-3 and cys-4. The objective of this study was to examine the intracellular localization of neuromodulin and neuromodulin mutants modified in the membrane targeting domain of the protein in neurons and non-neuronal cells. The N-terminal palmitoylation domain of neuromodulin was found to be sufficient for membrane and Golgi targeting as well as neurite transport. A fusion protein consisting of the N-terminal 20 amino acids of neuromodulin and beta-galactosidase accumulated in neurite endings demonstrating that this sequence is sufficient for targeting to growth cone membranes. Mutations in the palmitoylation domain of neuromodulin that abolished its acylation and membrane association diminished its Golgi localization. Mutations that prevented Golgi accumulation of neuromodulin-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins also interfered with neurite transport of the fusion proteins. These data demonstrate a correlation between membrane targeting, Golgi localization, and neurite transport of neuromodulin.
Specificity of infection-induced immunity among Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species

The specificity of infection-induced immunity in mice infected with cultured or host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of Lyme disease, was examined. Sera obtained from mice following infection with high and low doses of cultured B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, transplantation of infected tissue (host-adapted spirochetes), or tick-borne inoculation all showed protective activity in passive immunization assays. Infection and disease were similar in mice infected with cultured spirochetes or by transplantation. Thus, the adaptive form of inoculated spirochetes did not influence the immune response during active infection. Mice infected with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and then cured of infection with an antibiotic during early or late stages of infection were resistant to challenge with high doses of homologous cultured spirochetes for up to 1 year. In contrast, actively immune mice infected with different Borrelia species (B. burgdorferi sensu lato, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto cN40, Borrelia afzelii PKo, and Borrelia garinii PBi) and then treated with an antibiotic were resistant to challenge with cultured homologous but not heterologous spirochetes. Similar results were achieved for actively immune mice challenged by transplantation and by passive immunization with sera from mice infected with each of the Borrelia species and then challenged with cultured spirochetes. Arthritis and carditis in mice that had immunizing infections with B. afzelii and B. garinii and then challenged by transplantation with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto were equivalent in prevalence and severity to those in nonimmune recipient mice. These results indicate that protective immunity and disease-modulating immunity that develop during active infection are universal among species related to B. burgdorferi sensu lato but are species specific.
Deformable registration of 4D computed tomography data

Four-dimensional radiotherapy requires deformable registration to track delivered dose across varying anatomical states. Deformable registration based on B-splines was implemented to register 4D computed tomography data to a reference respiratory phase. To assess registration performance, anatomical landmarks were selected across ten respiratory phases in five patients. These point landmarks were transformed according to global registration parameters between different respiratory phases. Registration uncertainties were computed by subtraction of transformed and reference landmark positions. The selection of appropriate registration masks to separate independently moving anatomical subunits is crucial to registration performance. The average registration error for five landmarks for each of five patients was 2.1 mm. This level of accuracy is acceptable for most radiotherapy applications.
The Effects of Acetabular Shell Deformation and Liner Thickness on Frictional Torque in Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Acetabular Bearings

The purposes of this study were to determine if there were differences in the frictional torque generated between spherical acetabular shells and acetabular shells deformed as a result of implantation and to evaluate how changes in polyethylene insert thickness and head diameter affected these frictional torque data. An established bench top model was used for mechanical testing. A total of 70 samples were tested. Acetabular shells were impacted into polyurethane foam that was designed to create spherical or deformed shell models. We found that deformed acetabular shells produced higher frictional torque than spherical shells. Also, larger femoral head sizes produced greater frictional torque than smaller femoral head sizes. For the deformed models, the thicker polyethylene inserts produced greater frictional torque than the thinner polyethylene inserts.
Glass Formation During Room Temperature, Isothermal Drying

Isothermal drying and glass transition of solutions and films have drawn considerable attention from many industries. We here explore the feasibility of modifying the isothermal drying and vitrification kinetics of carbohydrate solutions in order to ensure the stability and quality of their ingredients. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry experiments with isothermally dried trehalose and trehalose/dextran solutions were performed and the glass transition kinetics have been determined. Three distinct drying regimes were observed. With isothermal, isobaric drying at 0%RH, it was indeed possible to reach the glassy state for a trehalose and a trehalosedextran system. With the addition of high molecular weight sugars, the glass transitions of isothermally dried carbohydrate solutions can be accelerated as a function of dextran mass ratio in the sample.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Optimum location of master agents in an agent based zone 3 protection scheme designed for robustness against hidden failure induced trips

The post-mortem analysis of few blackouts in US and Europe concluded that the hidden failure induced tripping of distance relays is one of the primary causes of blackouts. In order to provide the distance relays with situational awareness and improve their robustness to hidden failures, a non-intrusive agent based relay supervised distance protection scheme is proposed in [1] and their results seemed promising. Each relay is associated with an agent who has the ability to sense and communicate. The communication between hierarchically distinguished master and slave agents aid relays to differentiate a fault as a true fault or a hidden failure induced fault and respectively to trip or not to trip. The methodology presented in [1] is limited to single master agent and multiple slave agents communication therefore it can only be applied to smaller power system networks. In order to adapt the relay supervision scheme to a geographically widely distributed larger bus system, more than one master agent is required because the use of a single master agent may result in slave agent to master agent round trip communication delays greater than the relay fault clearing times which defeats the purpose of the relay supervision scheme. Therefore for a larger power grid that needs multiple master agents, finding the number of master agents required and the location of the master agents is an issue that has to be addressed. In this paper we modelled the problem of minimizing the number of master agents required to serve the slave agent queries and finding an optimum location for the master agents as a multiple facility location problem. Networking simulations are performed using OPNET and optimization models are developed and simulated using IBM ILOG CPLEX.
Vitamin D and skeletal tissues

It is now accepted that vitamin D is an integral part of a complex endocrine system, one with far-reaching implications in mineral metabolism. Reviews of the sources, functions and metabolism of vitamin D, as currently understood, are presented as a prelude to discussions of the role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphorous homeostatis and possible specific roles for vitamin D in mineralized tissues. Data describing a possible regulatory function for vitamin D in bone and bone protein metabolism are presented. Some of the controversy which presently exists regarding the biochemical mechanism of the action of this vitamin is discussed. Finally, the possible relationship of vitamin D and disorders of skeletal tissues is described.
Pea3 expression is regulated by FGF signaling in developing retina

FGF signaling has been implicated as an important regulator of retinal development. As a first step in characterizing potential downstream targets of FGF signaling in the retina, we have analyzed expression of Pea3, a member of the Pea3 class of Ets-domain transcription factors, in the developing eye. We find that Pea3 is expressed in the developing retina, and its transcription is regulated by FGF receptor activation. In addition, FGF signaling activates Cath5, a gene necessary for retinal ganglion cell differentiation. These results suggest that FGF signaling via MAPK up-regulates transcription factors that in turn control retinal ganglion cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 235:327–335, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationships between Grades in Music Theory for Nonmusic Majors and Selected Background Variables

The relative contributions of measures of musical aptitude, music experience, and sex in predicting grades in a music theory course for nonmusic majors (N = 279) were determined by multiple regression analysis. The only statistically significant predictor was the variable indicating years of performance experience, which accounted for 10% of the variation in theory grades. Although the bivariate correlations between the measures of musical aptitude and music experience were strong, the musical aptitude measures did not contribute significantly to the prediction of theory grades.
In vitro sensitivity assays and clinical response to glucocorticoids in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones used to induce remission in moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A substantial fraction of patients do not respond to GC treatment and require alternate therapies or surgery. At present, non-response can only be assessed empirically by observing continued disease activity.
A stable quicksort

A sorting algorithm, called Stable Quicksort, is presented. the algorithm is comparable in speed with the Quicksort algorithm, but is stable. The experimental evidence presented support the theoretical evaluation of the performance of Stable Quicksort.
Influence of documented lead poisoning on environmental modification programs in Newark, New Jersey.

Abstract Data from the Newark, New Jersey Childhood Lead Poisoning Program suggest that the major consequence of the program has been early intervention rather than the amelioration of environmental contamination. During 1975 to 1976, the authors investigated housing for 253 black and Hispanic children with blood levels over 60 Mg/100 ml. Of these, 115 had moved or had given incorrect addresses and were lost to follow-up, 22 were in the same homes but did not make themselves available and in 16 instances, the houses were boarded up or had been destroyed by fire. Of the remaining 100 children, 31% suffered from symptoms potentially related to lead poisoning and 57% of the children were still living in the same dwelling in which the c h id was affected. Only one-fourth of the houses had been properly abated, i. e., the problem of environmental lead had been corrected, and one-fourth of the houses were not investigated at all by health authorities. These data support the concern that lead poisoning will not ...
Alienation Syndrome Among Catholic Male Undergraduates.

Dimensions of Davids' alienation syndrome, egocentricity, distrust, pessimism, anxiety and resentment among Catholic male undergraduates were comparable to those reported for students at a high prestige private university. 30 Ss showed significantly less alienation on a verbal projective and significantly more alienation on a pictoral projective measure. Ss also showed significantly less variability on 4 of the 5 alienation measures than the normative group.
INDUSTRIAL SABOTEURS, REPUTED THIEVES, COMMUNISTS, AND THE FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION

In the early and mid-twentieth century, the United States confronted a shadowy enemy. There were fears that the nation had been, or might be, infiltrated by covert agents of a foreign power, that the U.S. was faced with “tightly organized, highly disciplined, international revolutionary . . . organization[s]” capable of working against American interests from within the United States itself.1 Moreover, the members of these organizations and those associated with them might well work against American interests through actions that were themselves legal, or they might spend long periods covertly preparing for a catastrophic revolutionary act. The U.S. government responded creatively and aggressively to this perceived threat, which, in turn, fostered new thinking about the constitutional limits on government powers. This essay is concerned with one aspect of that new thinking, the jurisprudential development of the idea of “freedom of association.” The difficulty of addressing the perceived threat created the temptation to look for and make use of “guilt by association” and to undertake measures to prevent harmful acts from occurring in the first place by breaking up, harassing, or monitoring dangerous or potentially dangerous associations. Of course, we are familiar with that temptation today from the war on terror, and freedom of association and related concerns have been raised in the context of antiterrorism efforts as well.2 The idea that freedom of association is constitutionally protected is now well entrenched,
Basolateral membrane Na+/H+ antiport, Na+/base cotransport, and Na+-independent Cl-/base exchange in the rabbit S3 proximal tubule.

Abstract The basolateral membrane Na+ and Cl(-)-dependent acid-base transport processes were studied in the isolated perfused rabbit S3 proximal straight tubule. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with 2'7'-biscarboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) and a microfluorometer coupled to the tubule perfusion apparatus. Reduction of basolateral HCO3- from 25 to 5 mM caused pHi to decrease at a rate of 0.81 pH/min. Approximately 50% of this rate was Na+-dependent, 30% Cl(-)-dependent and 20% Na+ and Cl(-)-independent. Two basolateral Na+-dependent acid base transport pathways were detected: (a) an amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiporter and (b) a stilbene-sensitive Na+/base cotransporter. No evidence was found for a Na+-dependent Cl-/base exchanger. The Cl(-)-dependent component of basolateral base efflux was mediated by a stilbene-sensitive Na+-independent Cl-/base exchange pathway. The results suggest that the acid base transport pathways of the basolateral membrane of the S3 proximal tubule differ from more proximal nephron segments.
Excitonic states in pure and impurity-doped magnesium oxide.

Excitonic states in pure and anion-impurity-doped MgO are investigated inseveral well-defined models using unrestricted Hartree-Fock(UHF)/icecap (ionic crystal with electronic cluster,automatic program) simulation procedures. The calculated excitation energies inpure MgO are in excellent agreement with the experiment. The results forS/sup 2/minus//- or Se/sup 2/minus//-doped MgO show quite conclusivelythat the lattice response needs to be consistently incorporated with the defectelectronic structure.
Erythropoietin and its clinical promise.

As expected, renal damage or ablation will decrease the titers of erythropoietin, a decrease which is primarily responsible for the ubiquitous anemia of chronic renal failure. In other anemias not associated with renal damage erythropoietin production is usually normal
Prevarication under hypnosis

(1953). Prevarication under hypnosis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 32-40.
Using AutoCAD to Help Relocate a Map Collection: The University of Tennessee Libraries' Experience

Not only is AutoCAD software an invaluable tool for creating building plans, it works very well for relocating libraries. In the fall of 2006, the University of Tennessee Map Library was faced with planning the move of its collection. From the onset, AutoCAD was used to help plan the relocation, to create a virtual model of the new map space (a smaller area), to make it relatively easy to avoid potential setbacks involving space, and to aid the movers with a visual guide to use when relocating the collection. The use of AutoCAD helped everyone communicate with one another and saved the university time and money. This article will discuss the map collection relocation in detail and the incorporation of AutoCAD computer software into the process.
Characterization of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase in neutrophil subcellular fractions

Abstract This investigation was designed to confirm the presence of PA phosphohydrolase in human neutrophils and to determine the distribution and characteristics of the enzyme in soluble and particulate subcellular fractions of disrupted neutrophils. Enzyme activity was detected in unseparated extracts of sonicated neutrophils. The majority of the recovered activity was recovered in a particulate fraction rich in neutrophil plasma-membrane markers; moderate levels (20%) of the total activity were recovered in the cytosol. While Mg 2+ markedly potentiated the cytosolic but not the particulate activity, Ca 2+ moderately inhibited both the cytosolic and particulate enzymes. The plasma-membrane-associated activity was absolutely dependent on detergent (0.5% Triton X-100) and displayed an apparent K m of 62 μM for phosphatidic acid. Enzyme activity was markedly inhibited by NaF, not influenced by excess glycerophosphate and slightly attenuated by propranolol, an inhibitor of PA phosphohydrolase in other systems. Preincubation of plasma membranes with N -ethylmaleimide at concentrations up to 25 mM had little effect on enzyme activity. However, activity in cytosolic and microsomal fractions of neutrophils were completely abolished by preincubation with N -ethylmaleimide at concentrations of less than 5 mM. We conclude that neutrophils possess a potent PA phosphohydrolase localized in their plasma membranes. Metabolism of cellular second-messengers by this enzyme may exert a profound effect on the functions of stimulated neutrophils.
Development and Use of a Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations in Freshly Fallen Snow

An analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 57 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and degradation products in 5 kg samples of freshly fallen snow, using Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) with quantitation by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The Estimated Detection Limits (EDLs) for PAHs ranged from 53 ± 1 pg/LSWE to 222 ± 3 pg/LSWE, while the EDLs for pesticides ranged from 5 ± 0.1 pg/LSWE to 750 ± 5 pg/LSWE, with most relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8%. Mean analyte recovery for the entire analytical method was 63% ± 11% for OCPs and 47% ± 11% for PAHs. The method was applied to samples of freshly fallen, pre-metamorphic snow collected from two remote alpine sites of similar altitude and exposure in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA during the winter of 2012–2013. PAHs were detected in freshly fallen snow at concentrations of 1.3–2.2 ng/L of snow water equivalents (SWE). The pesticides dactha...
Brain extracellular γ-hydroxybutyrate concentrations are decreased by L-lactate in rats: Role in the treatment of overdoses

Purpose L-lactate represents a potential treatment for GHB overdose by inhibiting GHB renal reabsorption mediated by monocarboxylate transporters. Our objective was to assess the dose-dependence of L-lactate treatment, with and without D-mannitol, on GHB toxicokinetics/toxicodynamics (TK/TD).
p53Val135 temperature sensitive mutant suppresses growth of human breast cancer cells

One common step in the malignant progression of a wide variety of human cancers seems to be inactivation of the p53 gene, via point mutation or deletion or both; or overexpression of mutated protein with dominant transforming activity. This study shows a suppressive effect of wild type p53 on the growth of human breast cancer cells. Introduction of wild type p53 versus mutant into five human breast cancer cell lines containing mutant p53 resulted in a marked reduction in colony formation. Two of these were transfected with human wt p53 expression vectors and the other three were infected with retroviruses packaging human wt p53, both showing similar reduction in the number of surviving colonies, suggesting a role for wt p53 in suppression of breast cancer cell growth. Direct evidence for growth suppression was obtained by introduction of the temperature sensitive p53Val135 into Hs578T human breast cancer cells containing a mutant p53. This murine mutant allele p53Val135 functions as an oncogene at 37° C and as a tumor suppressor at 32° C. The cell line generated was strongly growth inhibited at the restrictive temperature (31.5° C), at which temperature the suppressor form is expressed. This inhibition of proliferation was reversible upon a temperature upshift. Analysis of the cell cycle distribution shows these growth suppressed cells to be inhibited in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus wt p53 may have an important role in breast cancer tumorigenesis.
Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation

The article reviews the book “Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation,” by Georg Von Krogh, Kazuo Ichijo and Ikujiro Nonaka.
Conducting Action Research While Teaching about it

Abstract In this article we describe a self-study research project. As one professor and six doctoral students, we co-taught a course on action research while doing a self-study of our teaching. We studied ourselves, and our students, as we taught this course. We report on what we learned from this co-teaching and co-researching. We analyze how we worked together, how we conducted the research, and the process used to integrate our individual and collective reflections into a collaborative text. There were common themes in our learning but at times we speak in individual voices because our experiences were not all the same. The co-teaching, the collaborative analysis of our data, and writing about our research were separate aspects of our self-study yet each of these fed our relationships, our thinking about teacher education and action research within it, and our future, and present, lives as university professors in teacher education.
Pregnancy After Liver Transplantation

There have been great strides in transplant medicine over the past few decades, and hundreds of pregnancies have now been reported in liver transplant recipients. Information on pregnancy in transplant patients has been collected through case reports, retrospective center-specific studies, and voluntary registries. Overall, favorable pregnancy outcomes have been reported for these patients. Pregnancy complications, however, are more common in liver transplant recipients than in the general population. Accordingly, pregnancies in liver transplant recipients should be followed by a multidisciplinary team involving both maternal fetal medicine specialists and transplant physicians. This chapter outlines the available data on the maternal and obstetrical outcomes of pregnancies in liver transplant recipients, and will review guidelines for management of these high-risk pregnancies.
The general education core at Shoreline community college

Shoreline Community College has established general education outcomes that guide the design of a coherent core of study for both academic transfer and vocational students. Interesting features of the general education program include integrated studies courses and learning communities.
Early thermal profiles and lithospheric strength of Ganymede from extensional tectonic features

The early thermal profiles and the lithospheric stability and strength of Ganymede are quantitatively determined on the basis of brittle lithosphere thickness estimates derived from the width and spacing of extensional tectonic features, together with lithospheric strength envelopes for ice. Plots of the brittle and ductile yield stress vs. depth for the icy lithosphere of Ganymede exhibit a linear increase in brittle strength with depth to a maximum at the brittle-ductile transition that is followed by an exponential decrease in ductile yield stress with depth. The results obtained imply that the thermal gradient and lithospheric strength have varied laterally by factor as great as 5, and that Ganymede underwent cooling in a highly inhomogeneous fashion with lateral thermal anomalies. The present analysis furnishes reasons for the stability of large cratered terrain remnants.
Ultrafast Electron Crystallography. 3. Theoretical Modeling of Structural Dynamics

A systematic theoretical study of structural dynamics for a substrate and an adsorbate is presented and compared with experimental results of ultrafast electron crystallography. Using the harmonic lattice model of a chain of atoms, including anharmonic forces, we investigate influences of the impulsive force on the temporal behavior of Bragg diffraction; the roles of damping and anharmonicity are also discussed. Extensive simulations are made in order to gain an understanding of the controlling factors of the atomic motions in the substrate, with or without the adsorbate. The results elucidate the importance of coherent wave propagation in the nonequilibrium regime and provide the atomic-scale description of surface and bulk dynamics. The influence of the attenuation length of the impulsive force and the thickness of the substrate (adsorbate) are also considered. For adsorbates, the mismatch of force constants and the coupling with the substrate are examined, thus establishing the conditions for wave-type propagation.
Multiparticle partial-wave amplitudes and inelastic unitarity. III. Solution of the three-body unitarity equations using characteristic operator functions

The most general solution to the unitarity equations involving 2 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 2, 2 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 3, and 3 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 3 processes is given when the total (including all disconnected processes) 3 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 3 partial-wave amplitude $S$ is non-normal. The solution is given in terms of characteristic operator functions, using the theory of completely nonunitary operators. It is shown, once the characteristic operator function is given, how to compute the 2 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 3 partial-wave amplitude. An appendix shows that, if $S$ can be exponentiated and all forces are two-body forces, no particle production is allowed, i.e., the 2 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 3 partial-wave amplitude is zero.
Intracellular Ca2+ elevation and contraction due to prostaglandin F2α in rat aorta

Prostaglandin F2α was tested to determine (a) whether its effect on intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and force in vascular smooth muscle was mediated through activation of the thromboxane A2 and/or prostaglandin receptor, and (b) the relative roles of Ca2+ influx via L-type and non-L-type Ca2+ channels in prostaglandin receptor-mediated contraction. [Ca2+]i and force were measured simultaneously in fura-2-loaded rat aortic strips. The thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, SQ29548 ([1S]-1a,2b(5Z),3b,4a-7-(3-{2-[(phenylamino)carbonyl] hydrazinomethyl)-7-oxobicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-2-yl-5-heptenoic acid), prevented the prostaglandin F2α-induced plateau [Ca2+]i elevation and force by 80–90%, while abolishing these responses due to the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α). Prostaglandin F2α (+SQ29548)-induced plateau [Ca2+]i elevation and force were not inhibited by verapamil. Ni2+, a non-selective cation channel blocker, in the presence of verapamil, abolished the prostaglandin F2α (+SQ29548)-elevated [Ca2+]i, while the contraction was only partially inhibited. These results suggest that, in rat aorta, (1) elevated [Ca2+]i and force due to high prostaglandin F2α concentrations largely results from thromboxane A2 receptor activation, and (2) the prostaglandin component of the prostaglandin F2α-induced contraction is dependent on Ca2+ influx via non-L-type channels.