cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A cross-cultural study of managerial skills and effectiveness

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between managerial skills and effectiveness in a cross-cultural setting to determine their applicability. Design/methodology/approach – Data from 7,606 managers in 5 countries from a large multinational firm were analyzed using structural equation modeling to assess all relationships simultaneously and reduce error effects. Findings – The results support the cross-cultural validity of the model of managerial skills-effectiveness. Few cross-cultural differences were found. Interactive skills had greater positive impact on attitudes than initiating skills. Pressuring skills had a negative impact on attitudes. None of the skill sets were related to job performance. Research limitations/implications – Using a single firm and industry to control for other cultural levels may limit the generalizability of the results. Only three skill sets were assessed and one coarse-grained measure of culture was used. These factors may account for the few cul...
Walden: A Scalable Solution for Grid Account Management

A large and diverse consortium of grid clusters, as can be found in a university setting, requires a flexible authorization model that is scalable, extensible and easy to administer. Current approaches to grid authorization suffer from administrative interfaces that don't scale, authorization models that don't provide needed functionality, or both. This paper proposes a solution with initial implementation that uses existing standards to support the requirements of such a consortium of grid clusters. Our solution eliminates the need to manage authentication and authorization on a per-host basis, and implements a mechanism to temporarily bind a grid user to a local guest account on grid resource.
Single‐Molecule Pulling: Phenomenology and Interpretation

Single-molecule pulling techniques have emerged as versatile tools for probing the noncovalent forces holding together the secondary and tertiary structure of macromolecules. They also constitute a way to study at the single-molecule level processes that are familiar from our macroscopic thermodynamic experience. In this Chapter, we summarize the essential phenomenology that is typically observed during single-molecule pulling, provide a general statistical mechanical framework for the interpretation of the equilibrium force spectroscopy and illustrate how to simulate single-molecule pulling experiments using molecular dynamics. Published in Nano and Cell Mechanics: Fundamentals and Frontiers, edited by H.D. Espinosa and G. Bao (Wiley, Microsystem and Nanotechnology Series, 2013), Chap. 14, pages 359–388.
3-D Direct Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid and Gas–Liquid–Solid Flow Systems Using the Level-Set and Immersed-Boundary Methods

Abstract The recent advances in level-set and Immersed Boundary methods (IBM) as applied to the simulation of complex multiphase flow systems are described. Two systems are considered. For system 1, a computational scheme is conceived to describe the three-dimensional (3-D) bubble dynamics in gas–liquid bubble columns and gas–liquid–solid fluidized beds. This scheme is utilized to simulate the motion of the gas, liquid, and solid phases, respectively, based on the level-set interface tracking method, the locally averaged time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the Smagorinsky subgrid scale stress model, and the Lagrangian particle motion equations. For system 2, the hydrodynamics and heat-transfer phenomena of a liquid droplet in motion and during the impact process with a hot flat surface, as well as with a particle, are illustrated. The 3-D level-set method is used to portray the droplet surface deformation whilst in motion and during the impact process. The IBM is employed so that the particle–fluid boundary conditions are satisfied. The governing equations for the droplet and the surrounding gas phase are solved utilizing the finite volume method with the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique. To account for the multiscale effect due to lubrication-resistance induced by the vapor layer between the droplet and solid surface or solid particle formed by the film-boiling evaporation, a vapor-flow model is developed to calculate the pressure and velocity distributions along the vapor layer. The temperature fields in all phases and the local evaporation rate on the droplet surface are illustrated using a full-field heat-transfer model.
The dielectric strength of high frequency metamaterial composites

Metamaterial composites with both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phases have promising applications in the field of applied electromagnetics and directed energy. This metamaterial, which integrates the dielectric-ferromagnetic properties into a single composite, was synthesized using a hydrothermal process combining barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and nickel-zinc ferrites. The product of this reaction forms a shell of barium titanate around the ferrite particles. The dielectric strength of the resulting metamaterial has been tested and will be reported. The material was pressed with a binder to form discs for breakdown testing. The dielectric and magnetic losses have been measured with an airline waveguide, and the high voltage breakdown of the material was determined using DC measurements as well as nanosecond pulses from a PA-80, 100 KV pulser. The breakdown field of the core-shell material is compared to other known insulator materials.
Improved Microtechnique for the Leptospiral Microscopic Agglutination Test

A method for improving the original Galton microtechnique for detecting leptospiral antibodies has been developed. Simultaneous titrations were performed on 281 animal and human sera and 17 hyperimmune sera with the microscopic agglutination (MA) test and the improved microtechnique. Reproducibility of the improved microtechnique was determined independently on 65 animal sera by two laboratory sections. The results obtained by comparing positive test data from human and animal sera indicated that agreement between the original MA test and this new method exceeded 94%, whereas the original Galton microtechnique and the original MA test agreed in a maximum of 77% of the tests. This study indicates that the results obtained with the improved microtechnique are much more comparable to results obtained with the original MA test than are those obtained with the original Galton microtechnique.
Review of weak matrix elements on the lattice

Abstract We review the status of attempts to calculate weak matrix elements on the lattice. Both Wilson and staggered fermion techniques are described, with special emphasis given to the inherent difficulties of each method and how these difficulties are being overcome. In particular we discuss the “mixing problem” (i.e., how different lattice operators need to be combined to form the relevant continuum operators), and the complications introduced therein by chiral breaking (Wilson fermions) and flavor breaking (staggered fermions). We present and critically analyze results from various groups on K 0 − K 0 mixing (“B parameters”), K → ππ ΔI = 1 2 and 3 2 amplitudes, penguin and electromagnetic penguin contributions to ϵ1, and heavy-meson mixing and pseudoscalar decay constants. For the electromagnetic penguins and for the heavy-meson parameters (for D mesons if not B mesons), the groups are in good agreement, and the systematic errors, though fairly large (≈20 to 30%), are reasonably well understood. In the other cases, the picture is much less clear. Still, the evidence seems to favor three qualitative statements: (1) there is a large ΔI = 1 2 enhancement in K → ππ decays which comes from “eye” graphs and is of the right order of magnitude, (2) “large” values (≈0.5 to 1.2) are preferred for B ll in the K system, and (3) the lattice K → ππ ΔI = 3 2 amplitude seems to be a factor of ≈2 larger than one would expect from experiment, at least when isospin-violating and electromagnetic effects are ignored.
Statistical Inference for Tumor Growth Inhibition T/C Ratio

The tumor growth inhibition T/C ratio is commonly used to quantify treatment effects in drug screening tumor xenograft experiments. The T/C ratio is converted to an antitumor activity rating using an arbitrary cutoff point and often without any formal statistical inference. Here, we applied a nonparametric bootstrap method and a small sample likelihood ratio statistic to make a statistical inference of the T/C ratio, including both hypothesis testing and a confidence interval estimate. Furthermore, sample size and power are also discussed for statistical design of tumor xenograft experiments. Tumor xenograft data from an actual experiment were analyzed to illustrate the application.
Regulation of the concentration of dynorphin A1–8 in the striatonigral pathway by the dopaminergic system

The purpose of this study was to explore the dopaminergic control of the striatonigral dynorphin system by measuring the levels of dynorphin A1–8-like immunoreactivity (DN-LI) after repeated injections of a dopaminergic receptor agonist or antagonist. Seven daily injections of different doses of apomorphine (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a significant dose-related increase of DN-LI in the striatum (26, 34, 63, 85% over control at each corresponding dose). Similar increases were observed in the substantia nigra (22, 52, 50 and 62% over control). In another experiment, rats received 5 mg/kg of apomorphine for 1, 3, and 7 days. There was a significant time-related increase in DN-LI both in the striatum (37, 50 and 85% over control at each corresponding period) and in the substantia nigra (32, 78 and 62%). Repeated administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to change the striatal level of DN-LI, but, when given at the same time as apomorphine, significantly attenuated the effect of apomorphine. These results suggest that dopamine exerts a modulatory influence on the metabolism of dynorphin in the striatonigral pathway.
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

ExtractPatients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CFP) have elevated plasma renin activity,supine renin 497-595 compared with a normal value of 228 ± 133 ng/100 ml plasmaon 109 mEq sodium intake/24 hr, but have normal renin release mechanisms as faras postural changes are concerned, since the renin activity increases normally withthe upright posture; upright renin, 594-875 compared with a normal value of 359 ±210 ng/100 ml plasma on the same sodium intake. The high aldosterone secretion rates(ASR), 161 —4-45 compared with a normal value of 90 ± 31 /jg/24 hr, seen on 109mEq sodium intake were probably secondary to the abnormally high renin release.The same can be said for the lack of adequate suppression to normal of both renin andASR on 249 mEq sodium intake/24 hr, supine renin 205-544 compared with a normalvalue of 97 ± 71 ng/100 ml plasma; upright renin 845-893 compared with a normalvalue of 212 ±61 ng/100 ml plasma; ASR on the same intake, 93-333 compared witha normal value of 62.15 ± 27.8 /ug/24 hr. The low metabolic clearance rates and thehigh calculated plasma aldosterone concentrations on the 109 mEq sodium intakeindicate that a state of secondary hypcraldosteronism exists in patients with CFP,probably as an adaptation to frequent, excessive sodium losses via the sweat and con-sequent contraction of intravascular volume.SpeculationIn all the patients that we studied with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas a state of secon-dary hyperaldosteronism appears to exist. This state of hyperaldosteronism, secondaryto increased renin release, probably results from adaptation to frequent, excessivesodium losses via the sweat, leading to depletion of extracellular fluid volume.Introduction present in most patients. The sweat electrolyte abnor-Cyslic fibrosis of the pancreas (CFP) is a hereditary »'
College student question‐asking: The relationship of classroom communication apprehension and motivation

The purpose of this study was to define more clearly the role of apprehension and motivation in student questioning. A 118 item survey was completed by 156 students enrolled in an introductory communication course. The questions were designed to study student intentions to ask questions in class and to compare the effects of apprehension and motivation on question‐asking preferences.
High flow rate per power electroosmotic pumping using low ion density solvents

Abstract We present experimental investigations of electroosmotic pumping using porous borosilicate glass and various low ion density liquids. The working liquids were deionized water, deuterium oxide (heavy water), methanol, acetone, acetonitrile and a 1 mM sodium borate buffer as a control. We measured ionic conductivity and, as a useful comparative reference, the zeta potential generated by these liquids in borosilicate microfluidic chips. We evaluated the electroosmotic pump performance of porous borosilicate glass structures in terms of flow rate, pressure and total ionic current. We compared experimental data to an analytical model based on numerical solutions of nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation. In particular, we extend the model to the pumping of pure solvents and found a reasonable agreement with experimental results. For negligible pressure loads, pump flow rate per applied electric power can be more than ten times higher with acetone than with the 1 mM sodium borate buffer. For finite pressure loads, methanol typically yields the highest flow rate per applied electric power due to its higher pressure capacity compared to acetone. Low ion density liquids also showed strong current transients. At present, we do not have a clear understanding of the physics behind these transients, but we present measurements of current startup and discuss possible explanations for the data.
Cosmic‐Ray Intensity Variations During Two Solar Cycles

To facilitate the use of cosmic-ray intensity data from ionization chambers which are being sent to International Geophysical Year World Data Centers, and of those which have appeared in two publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, an improved correction for instrumental drift at Huancayo is derived and the reliability of the corrections for seasonal variations is discussed. From ionization chambers, the decrease of intensity from its maxima (near sunspot minima) is shown to lag a year or more behind the increase of solar activity following sunspot minima. This lag does not appear in the results obtained by Neher at high altitude and high latitude, nor in those obtained by Rose from a neutron monitor at Ottawa. The variability of daily means of cosmic-ray intensity (from monthly means) is in 1957 the largest observed during two complete solar cycles. Tables of monthly means corrected for seasonal wave are included, together with graphs of daily means at Huancayo for the period 1954–1957.
Golden-step phase encoding for flexible realtime Cardiac MRI

Realtime MRI involves an inevitable trade-off between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, field-of-view (FOV), and signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. In conventional Cartesian imaging all these parameters are fixed prior to scanning, and images can typically only be reconstructed for the prescribed parameters. Previously, Winkelmann [1] demonstrated the Golden Angle radial technique, advancing the projection angle in 111° steps (the Golden Ratio of 180°), providing almost uniformly distributed projections after any arbitrary number of acquisitions. Here we propose and demonstrate the use of Golden Step phase encoding for Cartesian type acquisitions permitting the temporal resolution, FOV and SNR to be selected retrospectively and multiple reconstructions with varied parameters from the same data. Applications include interventional imaging where images are required to serve multiple purposes simultaneously (e.g. instrument guidance and subject monitoring).
RECOMBINATION, ATTACHMENT, AND AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION OF ELECTRONS IN PHOTO- IONIZED NO AFTERGLOWS.

Photo-ionized plasma afterglows of NO have been studied by combined microwave and mass-spectrometric techniques. Nitric-oxide-neon mixtures (5-65 mTorr NO, 2-7 Torr Ne) are contained in a 10-cm resonant cavity where they are ionized by a "single pulse" of Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation. A temporal spectrum of ions diffusing to the wall is obtained by a differentially pumped mass spectrometer and multichannel analyzer. Analysis of the electron-density decay curves obtained by microwave techniques to obtain an electron-ion recombination coefficient for N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ is complicated by the conversion of N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ to the dimer ion, ${(\mathrm{NO})}_{2}^{+}$. At sufficiently low densities of nitric oxide the ${(\mathrm{NO})}_{2}^{+}$ concentration becomes negligible, and the N${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ wall current tracks the electron-density decay. From comparisons of experimental electron-density decay curves obtained under recombination-controlled conditions, with computer solutions of the electron-continuity equation, the values $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}^{+})=(7.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7), (4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.3}{0.2}), \mathrm{and} (3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec, at $T=200, 300, \mathrm{and} 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K, respectively, are obtained. From analysis of electron-density decay curves at higher densities of NO, where ${(\mathrm{NO})}_{2}^{+}$ is the dominant ion, the value $\ensuremath{\alpha}{{(\mathrm{NO})}_{2}}^{+}=(1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec at $T=300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K is obtained. The three-body electron-attachment and ambipolar diffusion coefficients have been measured in pure NO (0.1-5 Torr) and are found to be $K=(1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$/sec and ${D}_{a}p=80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ Torr/sec, respectively, at $T=300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K.
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist: effects on the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular function.

Abstract The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist, α-helical [Glu 27 ]-corticotropin-releasing factor 9–41 (CRF 9–41) has been assessed for its ability to modify plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Basal concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were not altered by lateral ventricular (icv) administration of CRF 9–41. However, this CRF antagonist, given icv, attenuated the rise of plasma epinephrine following 30% hemorrhage and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. CRF 9–41 did not alter the increased plasma concentrations of epinephrine or norepinephrine following icv administration of bombesin. Icv administration of CRF 9–41 blunted CRF-induced elevation of MAP and HR in normal animals. However, this CRF antagonist did not modify the MAP or HR in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Similarly, this CRF antagonist administered to Sprague-Dawley rats neither prevented the rise of MAP or HR following electrical stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala, nor did it affect nitroprusside-induced hypotension and tachycardia.
Combining Constituent Parsers

Combining the 1-best output of multiple parsers via parse selection or parse hybridization improves f-score over the best individual parser (Henderson and Brill, 1999; Sagae and Lavie, 2006). We propose three ways to improve upon existing methods for parser combination. First, we propose a method of parse hybridization that recombines context-free productions instead of constituents, thereby preserving the structure of the output of the individual parsers to a greater extent. Second, we propose an efficient linear-time algorithm for computing expected f-score using Minimum Bayes Risk parse selection. Third, we extend these parser combination methods from multiple 1-best outputs to multiple n-best outputs. We present results on WSJ section 23 and also on the English side of a Chinese-English parallel corpus.
Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone in lactating mammary gland.

The addition of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) 3 × 10−5 to 3 × 10−4m to minced guinea pig mammary gland incubated with acetate-l-14C resulted in a strong inhibition of the labeling of squalene, lanosterol and cholesterol, and to a lesser extent of the glycerides. DHA strongly inhibited the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose 6-phosphate: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) of this tissue. Although 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D-gluconate: N ADP oxidoreductase decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.44) was not inhibited by DHA, the addition of 6-phosphogluconate did not reverse the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. However, the addition of 6-phosphogluconate reversed the inhibition by DHA of glyceride synthesis. The results of this study do not support a primary causal relationship between the inhibition by DHA of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and of sterol synthesis. (Endocrinology 83: 1311, 1968)
Dispersed family of human genes with sequence similarity to farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase

Abstract Prenyltransferases are a group of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of both sterol and nonsterol isoprene compounds. Somatic cell hybrid studies and in situ hybridization show that the human genome contains five distinct loci that hybridize to the cDNA for the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (FPS), a prenyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of an intermediate common to both the sterol and the nonsterol branches of the isoprene biosynthetic pathway. The loci identified in this report may correspond to unique prenyltransferase genes related to FPS or to pseudogenes. The loci mapped have been identified as farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase-“like”-1 (FPSL- 1) on chromosome 1q24–31, FPSL-2 on chromosome 7, FPSL-3 on chromosome 14, FPSL-4 on chromosome 15q14–q21, and FPSL-5 on chromosome Xq21–22. Multiple copies of sequences similar to those of FPS are also present in both the mouse and the rat.
Dynamic Maintenance Strategy With Q-Learning for Workstations in a Flow Line Manufacturing System

Every machine or equipment in a manufacturing facility is subject to failure due to deterioration based on cumulative wear, crack growth, erosion, etc. This failure will cause production losses and delays resulting in high costs. As the modern manufacturing systems are getting more and more complex, intelligent maintenance schemes must replace the old labor intensive planned maintenance systems to ensure that equipment continues to function. If the maintenance decision is based on the state of the system rather than its age, this leads to the choice of a Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) policy to prevent catastrophic unexpected machine breakdowns and increase the availability of individual machines, but it also introduces randomness into the manufacturing operation. This paper presents a Q-Learning model to dynamically group maintenance actions on different machines and execute them simultaneously, so that one can reduce maintenance cost and increase the efficiency of the manufacturing system.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Recent progress in molecular biology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 50%. A causative agent of CCHF is CCHF virus, which is a tick-borne virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus. The virus is transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, squashed ticks or from direct contact with viremic animals or humans. Outbreaks of CCHF have been documented in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Western Asia where the vector and/or reservoir ticks of Hyalomma spp. are distributed. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical analyses of CCHF virus revealed that the virus encodes larger proteins compared to other genus of Bunyavirus and the processing of viral proteins are complicated. Recent studies also showed that the CCHF viruses are relatively divergent in its genome sequence and the viruses are grouped in seven different clades. In general, these phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of S-RNA and L-RNA segment of CCHF viruses indicate that the seven clades correlate with their geographical location. The phylogenetic topology based on M-RNA segment sequences of CCHF viruses is different from those based on S-RNA and L-RNA segments. These analyses indicate that M-RNA segment reassortment events occur more frequently than those in S- and L-RNA segments.
Introreflective analysis: Using algebraic polynomials with boolean coefficients to represent a person's inner world

Albegraic polynomials with Boolean functions as coefficients may be used to represent a person's inner world. In this manner, it is possible to express complex structures of and from the viewpoints of various persons. The use of such polynomials allows us to introduce the concept of specific operators of realization, and build a mathematical model explaining the most simple aspects of the subconscious and of obsession.
Enhanced Charge-Collection Efficiencies and Light Scattering in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Oriented TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays

We report on the microstructure and dynamics of electron transport and recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) incorporating oriented TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays. The morphology of the NT arrays, which were prepared from electrochemically anodized Ti foils, were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The arrays were found to consist of closely packed NTs, several micrometers in length, with typical wall thicknesses and intertube spacings of 8−10 nm and pore diameters of about 30 nm. The calcined material was fully crystalline with individual NTs consisting of about 30 nm sized crystallites. The transport and recombination properties of the NT and nanoparticle (NP) films used in DSSCs were studied by frequency-resolved modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies. While both morphologies display comparable transport times, recombination was much slower in the NT films, indicating that the NT-based DSSCs have significantly higher charge-collection efficiencies than...
Racial comparison of filaggrin null mutations in asthmatic patients with atopic dermatitis in a US population.

We examined the association of filaggrin loss-of-function mutations in U.S. atopic patients with asthma. We confirm that only Whites with the R501X mutation and AD have increased risk of asthma.
Regulation of MAPK function by direct interaction with the mating-specific Gα in yeast

The mating response of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by a prototypical heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Although signal transmission by such pathways has been modeled in detail, postreceptor down-regulation is less well understood. The pheromone-responsive G protein α subunit (Gα) of yeast down-regulates the mating signal, but its targets are unknown. We have found that Gα binds directly to the mating-specific MAPK in yeast cells responding to pheromone. This interaction contributes both to modulation of the mating signal and to the chemotropic response, and it demonstrates direct communication between the top and bottom of a Gα-MAPK pathway.
Effect of ageing on responses of nerve fibres to pulpal inflammation in rat molars analysed by quantitative immunocytochemistry

The response of sensory nerve fibres to inflammation in young adult rat molars has recently been shown to include increases in nerve sprouting and neuropeptide content. The objective was to evaluate neural responses to class V dental preparations in molars of old (1-2 yr) as compared with young adult rats (3-4 months). Tissues were investigated immunocytochemically 4 days post-injury for the sensory neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P. Quantitative image analysis of the material demonstrated that more immunoreactivity was present for CGRP than for substance P in intact control teeth for each age group. Four days after injury, both immunoreactivities were increased in pulp adjacent to the injury in both young and old teeth. The increase depended on at least three factors: (1) enhanced immunoreactivity of the nerve fibres; (2) increased terminal nerve sprouts near the injury and (3) elevated peptide content of the pulp tissue. Although the incidence of CGRP- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres had decreased in older teeth, the proportional increases in both neuropeptides near the injury were greater in old than in young teeth, owing to a reduction in pulpal volume during ageing. Pulpal tissue was also immunostained for the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75-NGFR) as an index of pulpal ageing; and an extensive decrease was found in the old adult as compared to young adult rats. These results indicate that old rats maintain the capacity for nerve sprouting despite the decreases in p75-NGFR labelling of pulp cells, pulp volume and nerve fibre numbers that occur as part of dental ageing.
Antibiotic failure in a renal transplant patient with Rhodococcus equi infection: an indication for surgical lobectomy

Rhodococcus equi is an animal pathogen that causes infrequent but challenging infections in immunocompromised individuals, few of which have been described in solid organ transplant recipients. Common clinical presentations include indolent cough, fever, and dyspnea, with necrotizing pneumonia and cavitation. We report a case of a dense right upper lung pneumonia with resultant R. equi bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient. Our patient initially responded to antibiotic treatment with resolution of bacteremia and clinical recovery, followed by interval progression in her right upper lobe consolidation on follow-up computed tomography scans. She underwent lobectomy for definitive therapy with resolution of symptoms. Lobectomy can be utilized in isolated infection after antibiotic failure with excellent clinical outcomes.
Supervision in school psychology: Where will the future take us?

This article discusses the nature of supervision within school psychology. An overview of relevant literature and empirical research is provided with the intention of proposing future directions for supervision research. The future of school psychology supervision is conjectured upon by developing suggestions that will facilitate training, continuing professional development, and effective service delivery. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prospective intrapatient comparison of extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation with and without trabeculectomy.

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine whether extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy provides better long-term results than extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation alone in a group of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and cataract. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 35 patients with bilateral, symmetric, primary open-angle glaucoma and visually disabling cataracts were randomly selected to undergo surgery with trabeculectomy in one eye and without in the other. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon in a private practice setting with follow-up for more than 5 years in all cases. RESULTS: After an average of 87 months of follow-up, extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation reduced intraocular pressure by 4.4 ± 3.3 mm Hg, reduced the number of medications by 1.28 ± 0.86, increased diopter vector of astigmatism by 1.49, and was associated with visual field loss in six of 35 eyes. After an average of 80 months of follow-up, extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation with trabeculectomy reduced intraocular pressure by 8.2 ± 4.6 mm Hg ( P = .0001), reduced the number of medications by 1.76 ± 0.82 ( P = .0002), increased diopter vector of astigmatism by 1.14, and was associated with visual field loss in one eye ( P = .05). Both groups had similar improvement in visual acuity and perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation with trabeculectomy was beneficial in the long-term control of intraocular pressure and in prevention of visual field loss. This procedure should be considered for patients in whom long-term pressure control at a lower level would be beneficial in preventing further optic nerve damage.
Early psychosocial risks for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts

ABSTRACT Objective An ongoing, 14-year, longitudinal community study examined psychosocial risks for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts, as well as the link between earlier suicidal behavior and later functioning. Method Nearly 400 youths were followed between the ages of 5 and 18 years. Suicidal ideation was assessed at age 15 and lifetime suicide attempts were determined at age 18. Risk factors covered developmental periods from birth to age 15, and most were measured prospectively using multiple informants. Late-adolescent functioning (at age 18) was based on both self-reports and school records. Results For both genders, the early onset (by age 14) of psychiatric disorders significantly increased the risk for suicidal ideation at age 15 and suicide attempts by age 18. Early gender-specific risks for suicidal ideation included preschool behaviors that are counter to typical gender norms, such as aggressive behavior in females and dependence in males. Suicidal ideation at age 15 and suicide attempts were both associated with deficits in later adolescence (at age 18) in behavioral and social-emotional functioning. Conclusions Suicidal ideation at age 15 was a marker of distress with long-term implications for later functioning. The early gender-specific risk factors for suicidal behavior identified in this study can aid in developing strategies for prevention and early intervention.
MARTIN: a midwest regional database for recycling materials from post-consumer solid waste

Abstract This article describes the design, development and implementation of MARTIN (Mid-America Recycling and Transportation Information Network), a project conducted under sponsorship from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources from 1990 to 1994. MARTIN was designed, developed and implemented in response to the needs of solid waste officials and generators to access information on the most cost effective options for marketing recyclable commodities. The system provides basic information on markets, material specifications and transportation. The database with its modem and aural DECtalk ™ telephone line access, originally planned for Iowa and bordering states, and expanded to a fifteen state area with access to regional and international markets, received calls from all parts of the United States. Unique features of this system include its flexibility, low cost, DECtalk ™ capability and transportation resource access and selection. This system operated 4 years from April 1991 through April 1995. The technology derived from developing MARTIN can be adapted to a broad range of material logistics and resource management applications.
Use of Numerical Guidance at the National Weather Service's National Meteorological Center

Abstract A brief history is given of the use of Numerical Weather Prediction guidance at NMC since 1958. A review of verification statistics shows that the impact of use of operational prediction models from the Barotropic to the Primitive Equations has been most noticeable in construction of sea-level and 500-mb prognostic charts. Progress in cloud and precipitation forecasting based on NWP guidance has been more modest. Comments are offered on the reasons for this difference in skill. Statistics on the skill of the Limited-Area fine Mesh (LFM) model are provided to indicate its contribution to forecast skill since it began operation in the fall of 1971. A recent case involving the LFM model and the large-mesh P. E. model is used to illustrate current practices in use of NWP for operational forecasting at NMC. Illustrations are given of the application of methods correcting systematic errors in NWP and interpreting the variety of computer products to produce a coordinated prognostic package.
GTPγS-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidyinositol-4,5-bisphosphate by soluble phospholipase C from human platelets requires soluble GTP-binding protein

Abstract GTP-binding activity was fractionated into two peaks (GI and GII) by chromatography on heparin-agarose. GTP-dependent PLC activity eluted as a single peak, which co-chromatographed with GTP-binding peak GII. Rechromatography of peak GII on heparin-agarose, in the presence of 0.5% sodium cholate, resulted in separation of PLC and GTP-binding activities, and loss of GTP-dependent PLC activity. Recombining fractions containing PLC and GTP-binding activities restored GTP-dependent PLC activity. A specific GTP-binding protein of 29,000 daltons was identified in peak GII by Western blotting of column fractions with [α- 32 P]GTP. These results demonstrate that the soluble phospholipase C from human platelets is regulated by GTP S-binding protein (G29).
Towards small robot aided victim manipulation

Robotic manipulation of human victims is a problem that has been avoided by the robotics community. This paper presents the issues that would need to be addressed in order to have small man-portable robots aiding the transport of incapacitated victims. Focusing on the manipulation of victims in preparation for transport, the primary design specifications come from the required forces that a small robot would need to be capable of applying. Data and analysis is presented for human limb manipulation, in terms of limb pose statistics and forces required for limb motions that a small robot may be required to do. Components of the robot solution are presented including a wristlet mechanism that can be robotically deployed as well as a novel head protection and cervical spine immobilization method using rapidly expanding foam.
Retrieval characteristics of complex pictures: Effects of verbal encoding

Four experiments examined the role of verbal information in recognition memory for complex, scenic photographs. At input, subjects performed a communication-oriented verbalization task or one of several varieties of a nonverbal task. Verbalization subjects out-performed others in a subsequent “resemblance” test which required recognition of both previously presented items and verbally similar “same-scene” or left/right-reversed items. However, verbalization did not improve discrimination between input pictures and their verbally similar mates in a “discrimination” test. Subjects were apparently able to control the weight given to verbal versus nonverbal information in meeting demands of the recognition tests. Experiment 4 suggested differences in the retrieval characteristics of verbal and nonverbal information, supporting one version of a dual-trace theory.
Structure of the piriform cortex of the opossum. III. Ultrastructural characterization of synaptic terminals of association and olfactory bulb afferent fibers

Terminals of olfactory bulb afferent (OB) and association (ASSN) fibers within the piriform cortex were characterized ultrastructurally. Identification was by electron microscopic (EM) autoradiography following injections of tritiated amino acids into the olfactory bulb and anterior piriform cortex. The results show that terminals of both fiber systems contain round vesicles and make asymmetrical synaptic contacts predominantly onto dendritic spines. Profiles with pleomorphic vesicles do not appear to be labeled from either site. Since there is strong evidence that both fiber systems generate excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in pyramidal cells, these results provide additional examples in the mammalian CNS of terminals with round vesicles and asymmetrical contacts that mediate an excitatory effect. Percentage density analysis and quantitative study of a large number of heavily labeled terminals revealed that while OB and ASSN terminals are similar in terms of vesicle shape and contact type, they differ in many morphological details including pre- and postsynaptic profile size, the packing density and distribution of synaptic vesicles, synaptic contact shape, and the presence of overlying neuroglial lamellae. However, large variations in appearance of different terminals of the same type are also present so that a small percentage of OB and ASSN terminals are indistinguishable morphologically in the absence of label. An important finding of the quantitative analysis is that spines contacted by lateral olfactory tract (LOT) terminals appear to be of two types based on a bimodal distribution in size and differences in morphology, while spines contacted by ASSN terminals appear to be of a single type. Comparison of these data with results from Golgi analysis indicates that ASSN terminals predominantly contact pyramidal cell spines while OB terminals contact both pyramidal and semilunar cell spines. Quantitative analysis of synaptic vesicles revealed that histograms of vesicle size for OB and ASSN terminals are virtually identical in shape, but peaks are slightly displaced (ASSN vesicles are 5% larger; significant with P less than .002). An analysis of the laminar distribution of OB and ASSN synaptic terminals revealed that while most OB terminals are segregated in layer Ia and most ASSN terminals in layer Ib, occasional OB terminals are observed up to approximately 50 micro deep to the Ia-Ib boundary and occasional ASSN terminals up to approximately 50 micro superficial to this boundary.
Tell them you love them because you never know when things could change: Voices of adolescents living with HIV-positive mothers

This study analyzed the qualitative and quantitative responses of 60 minority teens affected by HIV. Relationships between adolescents' reports of: (1) feeling different, (2) having secrets, (3) worrying, and (4) caretaking were revealed. Six themes emerged from the content analysis of qualitative data that reflect how these adolescents have been affected by HIV: (1) core assumptions about life, (2) fearful anticipation of the death, (3) stigma and isolation, (4) current and future losses, (5) family role reassignment, and (6) lack of resources. Group treatment is presented as an effective method of intervention for adolescents living with an HIV-positive mother.
Effects of injected or orally ingested opiate drugs on conditioned avoidance response learning in rats

Groups of rats were given morphine or methadone on a regimen of increasing amounts for 20 days. The animals were then tested using a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) task. Morphine-treated animals tested between 15 min and 3 h after daily injections were clearly superior to saline-injected control animals. Animals tested following self-regulated oral intake of morphine or methadone and animals tested with 1-min, 12-h, or 24-h delays between daily injections and tests performed very much like control rats. A second experiment was performed which indicated that the superior performance of some groups is associated with drug-induced hyperactivity in animals chronically injected with morphine.
Determination of nanomolar quantities of free amino acids dissolved in North Atlantic Ocean waters.

A new gas-chromatographic method was used to determine amino acids. It gave complete separation of small samples quickly and quantitatively. A one-step reaction, trimethylsilylation, was used to prepare volatile derivatives for injection in the gas chromatograph. Conditions for the detection of as little as 10−11 mole of all the protein amino acids (except arginine and histidine) plus many nonprotein amino acids were found. By chromatographing on each of two dissimilar columns, the chances of coincidence of amino acid signals with nonamino acid noise were greatly reduced. Standard solutions of amino acids were used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the quantitative analysis by gasliquid chromatography. Duplicate injections agreed with a mean co-efficient of variation of 1.5% and linearity of response over the range 0 to 10 nanomoles injected was established. In the extraction of amino acids from lyophilized sea salts, recovery of individual amino acids was essentially complete. This new technique was applied to samples taken from the surface to 5400 meters in the North Atlantic Ocean. Individual amino acid concentrations were nonuniform and showed statistically significant variations with depth.
Effects of electron irradiation on precipitation in Al-3.5% Cu

Abstract The effects of electron irradiation on precipitation in Al-3.5 % Cu has been studied in the temperature range 20–200°C by high voltage electron microscopy. G.P. zones gradually disappear during irradiation and are replaced by θ″ precipitates. The intermediate stage of θ″ precipitation is inhibited by irradiation. If θ′ precipitates are introduced by preaging, they are also gradually replaced by θ′ precipitates during irradiation, even in the temperature range where they would normally grow. The growth of θ′ precipitates is observed to be enhanced at all temperatures between 20 and 200°C (above 200°C the growth rate is normal), especially at the lower temperatures. In fact, the growth rate is approximately constant between 20 and 120°C where essentially no growth is observed under normal aging. These results are explained in terms of a model of enhanced diffusion resulting from the annihilation at fixed sinks of the vacancies and interstitials created by irradiation; the fixed sinks are the precipitates themselves. The irradiating conditions in the microscope are shown to give rise to a constant contribution to the diffusion coefficient, Drad ∼- 2 × 10−16 cm2/sec for the temperature range 20–120°C. Irradiation also gives rise to small dislocation loops in either the quenched or the aged condition, but these are only observed at room temperature. Voids are never observed; apparently, the precipitates act as sinks for both the vacancies and interstitials.