cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the contribution of M2 tidal amplification to the Holocene rise of mean high water in the Gulf of Maine and the Bay of Fundy

Abstract Increase in the M2 (principal lunar semi-diurnal) component of the tidal range is an important contributor to the postglacial rise of the high-tide level in the Gulf of Maine and the Bay of Fundy in addition to relative sea-level rise. The increase occurred as the shape of this semi-enclosed embayment changed with sea-level rise and its natural period approached resonance with the M2 tide. A three-dimensional tide model (3DENS) predicts the following M2 tidal ranges averaged for the Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy as a percentage of the present range: 54–59% at 7000 yrs B.P., 73% at 5000 yrs B.P., 78% at 4000 yrs B.P., 85% at 3000 yrs B.P., 94% at 2000 yrs B.P., and 98% at 1000 yrs B.P. With a predicted sea-level rise of 0.15–0.90 m by the year 2100, M2 tidal range may increase 0.3–1.9%.
Aluminium (p, γ) resonances with H1+, H2+ and H3+ ions

Abstract Aluminium (p, γ) resonances were studied with H1+, H2+ and H3+ ions, under a variety of conditions, to clarify discrepancies between molecular ion results and results with H1+ ions. Thick target gamma-ray yield curves from H2+ ions are very asymmetric. They are accurately fitted by assuming the electron in the ion is torn away the moment the target is struck. The ensuing Coulomb force pushes the two protons apart. Proton energies in the laboratory system are substantially changed, and some protons pass through the resonance twice. Six resonance energies were measured with protons in terms of the Li(p, n) threshold at 1881.1 keV. Values obtained are (in keV) 632.8±0.2, 923.4±0.3, 992.4±0.3, 1001.7±1.0 and 1213.6±0.5.
Characterization of a second yellow compound from Drosophila melanogaster.

Hadorn and Mitchell1 demonstrated by simple chromatographic techniques the presence of two yellow, yellow-fluorescent compounds in Drosophila melanogaster. Both these compounds are accumulated in the sepia mutant, and one of them (F 1 5), which is by far the major component, has been isolated in crystalline form2. A structure has been postulated for it3, although this has had to be modified recently in the light of some new experiments on the compound to be described in this communication. The second component (F 1 7) is present in extremely small amounts even in the sepia mutant, and at such low levels it is very sensitive to light. However, we have succeeded in isolating a small amount of this material in crystalline form and have been able to demonstrate that it is indistinguishable from a yellow compound (compound A) which is found in comparatively large quantities in the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans 4,5.
Social Competence Among Adolescents in Residential Settings: Validation of an Empirically-Based Inventory

ABSTRACT The Seriously Emotionally Disturbed Adolescent Social Competence Inventory (SEDASCI) was developed to assess social competence in emotionally disturbed adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study attempting to determine if this instrument is also useful for assessing the competence of delinquent adolescents in residential settings. The SEDASCI was administered to three criterion groups of adolescents: SED youth, criminally delinquent youth, and a comparison group of youth with no identified social problems. Competence levels of the SED youth and the criminally delinquent youth did not differ, but both were significantly lower than the comparison group. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
High-resolution indirect pulse shaping by parametric transfer.

The phase and amplitude profile of a shaped pulse in the visible is transferred to a pulse in the near-infrared via an optical parametric amplification (OPA) process. Complex shaped pulses, such as multiple-pulse trains and pulses with high-order phase chirp, are produced at 1.2 µm. Theoretical conditions necessary for high-fidelity parametric shape transfer are discussed. Similar schemes can be implemented for other OPA systems pumped at near-infrared wavelengths to generate high-resolution shaped pulses in the mid-infrared.
Nanomechanical properties of nacre

Nacre, the inner iridescent layer of seashells is a model biomimetic system composed of 95% of inorganic (aragonite) phase and 5% of organic phase. Nacre exhibits an interlocked layered “brick and mortar” structure where the bricks are made up of aragonitic calcium carbonate and mortar is an organic phase. Here, we report the role of indentation load and penetration depth on measurement of nanomechanical properties of nacre. A range of loads from 10 μN to 10,000 μN were applied to obtain the response from different depths of nacre. The values of hardness and elastic modulus decrease with increasing load (i.e., increase in penetration depth). The variation in these values is significant at lower loads and decreases with increase in indentation load. From our results, it appears that the nanoindentation tests done at lower loads are highly influenced by micro and nanostructure in nacre. The indentation experiments performed at low loads indicate an elastic modulus of about 15 GPa for the organic phase. The low load, low penetration experiments appear to be better indicators of nanomechanical behavior. Also, we have observed a step-like behavior in the load-displacement curves at high load indentations on nacre. These features are attributed to the organic layer between the aragonite platelets. The indentation tests with penetration depths more than ~250-300 nm often disrupt the organic layer and the behavior is not recovered in the unloading part of the curve. The microarchitecture and the composition of nacre contribute to the decrease in hardness values with increasing depth along with the indentation size effects.
Term structure of risk, the role of Known and Unknown Risks and Non-stationary Distributions

In this paper we document the presence of a term structure of risk and we propose how to measure it using alternative models to forecast volatility and the Value at Risk at different horizons. We then quantify the benefits of an investor that is aware of the existence of a term structure of risk in the context of an asset allocation exercise.
Field Approaches to Institutional Change: The Evolution of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 1906–1995

This article uses qualitative and quantitative data to examine the institutional change of an interest association. Interest associations are unique institutions in that they may be more concerned with membership growth than with economic gain. However, these associations play a vital role in the social control and evolution of organizational fields. After a discussion of the theoretical literature on institutional change, I examine the change of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as it competed for dominance in the US collegiate athletic field with a contender institution, the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. I hypothesize, and find support for the claim that to contend with the competing institution, the NCAA changed by changing its membership criteria. In the early period of the NCAA, it was a place for only high-status schools. After 1952, the NCAA attracted lower-status schools, which were previously not interested in joining the NCAA. This study advances institutio...
The Use of Standardized Patients in Athletic Training Education

Context: Standardized patients are widely used in health care programs to both teach and evaluate the communication and clinical skills of students. Although athletic training education programs (ATEPs) commonly use simulations, little information exists related to the use and implementation of standardized patients (SPs). Objective: To provide strategies to use SPs with athletic training students and limited resources. Background: Standardized patient encounters differ from simulations. Simulations require students to perform clinical skills on a mock patient or athlete who has no training to consistently portray a particular injury or illness. SP encounters are consistent, carefully crafted portrayals of injuries or illnesses by trained individuals. Synthesis: A feasible way to use SPs in an ATEP is the time-in-time-out method which allows students to not only examine a SP, but also interact with and obtain immediate feedback from their instructor. Research with athletic training students has revealed that SP encounters are both realistic and worthwhile. Many resources exist to initiate the use of standardized patients in ATEPs, including various research publications, and online resources such as MedEd Portal and the Association of Standardized Patient Educators. Results: The use of SPs enhances learning opportunities for students and provides a format for real-time evaluation for instructors.
Understanding Substrate Unbinding from the Sodium-Galactose Co-Transporter vSGLT based on 16 Microseconds of Molecular Simulation

We report the results from 16 microseconds of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations carried out on vSGLT using the Anton supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. We observed multiple galactose unbinding events as well as instances in which the energizing sodium ion unbind and then rebind to the putative sodium binding site. Using umbrella sampling we calculated the potential of mean force (pmf) for all galactose unbinding trajectories. We will discuss the allosteric interaction between the ion and substrate and the potential for one to control the release of the other via the inner and outer gates.
Cytophotometric estimation of inter- and intraspecific variation in nuclear DNA content in ten taxa of the Gelidiales (Rhodophyta)

Abstract Cytofluorometric analysis of DAPI-stained nuclei was used to confirm changes in ploidy level associated with life-history stage and to estimate nuclear genome size in 10 taxa of the red algal order Gelidiales. Results indicate an alternation of haploid gametophyte with diploid sporophyte generations in the taxa where both life-history stages were available. Estimates of 2C genome size in the sporophyte generation range from 0.42 to 0.66 pg for all species investigated. ANOVA of sporophytic 2C DNA amounts shows that there was significant variation among taxa, and indicates that quantity of nuclear DNA may be useful as an exclusionary taxonomic criterion.
Statistical surrogate models for prediction of high-consequence climate change

In safety engineering, performance metrics are defined using probabilistic risk assessments focused on the low-probability, high-consequence tail of the distribution of possible events, as opposed to best estimates based on central tendencies. We frame the climate change problem and its associated risks in a similar manner. To properly explore the tails of the distribution requires extensive sampling, which is not possible with existing coupled atmospheric models due to the high computational cost of each simulation. We therefore propose the use of specialized statistical surrogate models (SSMs) for the purpose of exploring the probability law of various climate variables of interest. A SSM is different than a deterministic surrogate model in that it represents each climate variable of interest as a space/time random field. The SSM can be calibrated to available spatial and temporal data from existing climate databases, e.g., the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), or to a collection of outputs from a General Circulation Model (GCM), e.g., the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and its predecessors. Because of its reduced size and complexity, the realization of a large number of independent model outputs from a SSM becomes computationally straightforward, so that quantifying the risk associated with low-probability, high-consequence climate events becomes feasible. A Bayesian framework is developed to provide quantitative measures of confidence, via Bayesian credible intervals, in the use of the proposed approach to assess these risks.
Implicit Attitudes Toward Violence Among Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence A Preliminary Investigation

Whereas cognitive variables are hypothesized to play an important role in intimate partner violence (IPV) etiology and intervention, cognitive assessment methods have largely targeted offenders’ explicit, controlled cognitive processing using paper-and-pencil questionnaires prone to social desirability biases. Using an implicit measure of attitudes (the Implicit Association Test [IAT]), we assessed attitudes toward gender, violence, and the association between gender and violence among 50 men enrolled in an IPV treatment program and a comparison sample of 40 nonviolent (NV) men. Although no group differences were noted on explicit attitudinal measures, men in the IPV group showed more positive implicit attitudes regarding violence, and a more rapid association between women and violence. Among men in treatment for IPV, the attitudes toward violence IAT was significantly correlated with self/partner-reported IPV frequency. In accordance with social information processing models of aggression, these results...
Unbiased Minimum-variance Filtering for Input Reconstruction

In this paper, we introduce the concept of input and state observability, that is, conditions under which both the unknown input and state can be estimated from the output measurements. We discuss sufficient and necessary conditions for a discrete-time system to be input and state observable. Next, we derive an unbiased minimum-variance filter to estimate the unknown input and the state, when the state space matrices are known. We show that the Kalman filter and other filters in the literature are special cases of the filter derived in this paper. Finally, we present an illustrative example.
Finite Element Modeling of Hexagonal Surface Acoustic Wave Device in LiNbO 3

We present a 3-D finite element (FE) model of a novel hexagonal SAW device which finds applications in materials characterization as well as chemical and biological sensing. Prior to the device fabrication on any piezoelectric substrate, it is important to establish the type of waves that are generated along the various delay paths. The choice of a delay path for any specific application depends on the propagation characteristics of the wave generated along the crystal cut and orientation corresponding to that delay path. The frequency response as well as wave propagation characteristics along the three different delay paths corresponding to crystal orientation with Euler angles (0, 90, 90), (0, 90, 30) and (0, 90, 150) for a LiNbO3 substrate is analyzed using a FE model. Our findings indicate that the acoustic waves generated in the three Euler directions are very different in character. The (0, 90, 30) and (0, 90, 150) directions generate mixed wave modes with a prominent SH component whereas the (0, 90, 90) direction generates a Rayleigh wave. Our simulation results indicate that the hexagonal SAW device based on LiNbO3 can be utilized for rapid and simultaneous extraction of multiple film parameters (film material density, Lame and shear modulii, sheet conductivity) of a thin film material and achieve a more complete characterization in comparison to a conventional SAW device.
Screening for Albuminuria: A Case for Estimation of Albumin in Urine

The usefulness of bromcresol green for estimating albumin in urine was evaluated by comparison with the Laurell "rocket" technique. In contrast to the bromcresol green method applied for urinary albumin, rather doubtful results were obtained with conventional (Microzone) electrophoresis for albumin and with precipitation techniques for total protein estimation. Albumin estimation with bromcresol green is recommended as a more reliable substitute for total-protein estimations in urine. Limitations of bromcresol green are also pointed out.
Many‐body approaches to atoms and molecules in external magnetic fields

The proper treatment of many-body effects for fermions has long been a goal of theorists working in atomic and molecular physics. The computational demands of such a treatment, however, when coupled to the added difficulties imposed by the presence of external electromagnetic sources, have resulted in few studies of many-body effects in strong magnetic fields, i.e., in the field regime where perturbation theory is no longer applicable. In this article, we review the fundamental aspects of the problem and describe a variety of theoretical approaches for small atoms and molecules in strong .
Peak-to-Average Power Reduction in MIMO OFDM by Spatial Nulling

In this paper, a novel method of reducing the peak- to-average-power ratio (PAR) of multi-antenna OFDM systems is presented. The PAR is reduced by the addition of a PAR reduction signal to the transmitted signal. This PAR reduction signal is constrained to lie within the null space of the channel. Hence, only the original transmitted signal is received at the receiver because the channel nulls out the reduction signal. In this scheme, with the help of partial channel state information, the need for sending side information or allocating reserved tones (required for several existing PAR reduction schemes) is eliminated. We also present simulation results showing the performance improvement in the bit-error-rate curves while using the spatial nulling technique.
"Non-heart-beating," or "cardiac death," organ donation: why we should care.

BACKGROUND Organ donation after cessation of cardiac pump activity is referred to as non-heart-beating organ donation (NHBOD). NHBOD donors can be neurologically intact; they do not fulfill the brain death criteria prior to cessation of cardiac pump activity. For hospitals to participate in NHBOD, they must comply with a newly introduced federal requirement for ICU patients whose deaths are considered imminent after withdrawal of life support. This report describes issues related to NHBOD. METHODS A nonstructured review of selected publications and Web sites was undertaken. RESULTS Scientific evidence from autoresuscitation and extracorporeal perfusion suggests that verifying cardiorespiratory arrest lasting 2–5 minutes does not uniformly comply with the dead donor rule, so that the process of organ procurement can be the irreversible event defining death in organ donors. The interest of organ procurement organizations and affiliates in maximizing recovery of transplantable organs introduces self-serving bias in gaining consent for organ donation and abandons the basic tenet of obtaining true informed consent. The impact of donor management and procurement protocols on end-of-life (EOL) care and the potential trade-off are not disclosed, raising concern about whether potential donors and their families are fully informed before consenting to donation. CONCLUSIONS The use of comprehensive quality indicators for EOL care can determine the impact of NHBOD on care offered to donors and the effects on families and health care providers. Detailed evaluation of NHBOD will enable the public to make informed decisions about participating in this type of organ donation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:324–334. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Availability Impact on GPS Aviation due to Strong Ionospheric Scintillation

Strong ionospheric scintillation due to electron density irregularities inside the ionosphere is commonly observed in the equatorial region during solar maxima. Strong amplitude scintillation causes deep and frequent Global Positioning System (GPS) signal fading. Since GPS receivers lose carrier tracking lock at deep signal fading and the lost channel cannot be used for the position solution until reacquired, ionospheric scintillation is a major concern for GPS aviation in the equatorial area. Frequent signal fading also causes frequent reset of the carrier smoothing filter in aviation receivers. This leads to higher noise levels on the pseudo-range measurements. Aviation availability during a severe scintillation period observed using data from the previous solar maximum is analyzed. The effects from satellite loss due to deep fading and shortened carrier smoothing time are considered. Availability results for both vertical and horizontal navigation during the severe scintillation are illustrated. Finally, a modification to the upper bound of the allowed reacquisition time for the current Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) is recommended based on the availability analysis results and observed performance of a certified WAAS receiver.
Conformationally biased P3 amide replacements of beta-secretase inhibitors

We have synthesized and evaluated a series of conformationally biased P3 amide replacements based on an isophthalamide lead structure. The studies resulted in the identification of the beta-secretase inhibitor 7m which has an in vitro IC(50)=35 nM. The synthesis and biological activities of these compounds are described.
Parallel VSIs wireless control by emulation of output current state using optimal linear controller

The paper presents an optimal approach to design a linear controller for parallel connection of Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) without data exchange between VSI units for applications in renewable energy systems. An Enhanced Phase Lock Loop (EPLL) provides accurate output voltage derivative in order to emulate each output current state for wireless control of parallel VSIs. Additionally, the EPLL locks the reference voltage phase in each VSI unit with grid or common load voltage for interfacing renewable energy or distributed energy storage systems. The LQR method is used to address the sinusoidal output voltage tracking; this optimal control method is extended from its original application of regulation problems. The controller is designed for two VSI units and consequently simulation and experimental results are provided to validate performance of the proposed control strategy.
A strong association between body fat mass and protein profiles in nipple aspirate fluid of healthy premenopausal non-lactating women

Fluid can be aspirated from the nipples of most non-lactating women. This nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is a potential source for the discovery of new breast cancer biomarkers. NAF has two distinct protein profiles. Type I NAF is similar to the fluid associated with cystic disease of the breast, whereas type II NAF is enriched in milk-associated proteins. The prevalence of these two profiles differs in healthy women and in breast cancer patients. This study investigated the relationship of these two NAF profiles to reproductive history, body composition, diet, and levels of lipids, steroids and thyroid hormones in healthy premenopausal women (age 30-40 years) who had regular menstrual cycles and normal mammograms and were not taking contraceptive medications. On average, women with the type I NAF profile were older, had more years since last childbirth, were less likely to have breastfed their babies and had higher dietary saturated fat intake, body mass index, body fat mass, and levels of plasma low density lipoproteins than women with the type II profile (P <0.05). Using multiple logistic regression, type I NAF was predicted independently (P <0.05) by higher body fat mass [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.5-6.1], more years since last childbirth (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.2) and a higher percentage of calories from saturated fat (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1-14.6). These results suggest that protein profiles of NAF might be influenced by amounts or types of dietary and body fat, but further study of the relationship of the two profiles to breast cancer risk is needed.
Horses or Unicorns: Can Paying for Performance Make Quality Competition Routine?

The competitive benefits of pay-for-performance (P4P) financial incentives are widely assumed. These incentives can affect health care through several mechanisms, however, not all of which involve competition. This insight has three implications. First, federal antitrust enforcement should continue to scrutinize P4P arrangements. Second, government needs to play a larger role in P4P than through antitrust oversight. Third, widespread enthusiasm for a particular health policy reform does not relieve policy makers of the obligation to understand its theoretical basis.
On the mechanisms underlying directional selectivity

Recent efforts in the understanding of motion detection and directional selectivity include electrophysiological studies using single photoreceptor stimulations and a combination of electrophysiology and neuropharmacology. Results of the former have been interpreted in favor of facilitator motion detection models while results of the latter have been interpreted in favor of inhibitory models. In this paper, this conflicting data interpretation problem is addressed by mathematically modeling some effects of neuropharmacological substances and by applying this formalism to a neural network model of directionally selective motion perception. The study offers a possible resolution to the paradox.
Programming environments for multidisciplinary Grid communities

Rapid advances in technological infrastructure as well as the emphasis on application support systems have signaled the maturity of grid computing. Today’s grid computing environments (GCEs) extend the notion of a programming environment beyond the compile-schedule-execute paradigm to include functionality such as networked access, information services, data management, and collaborative application composition. In this article, we present GCEs in the context of supporting multidisciplinary communities of scientists and engineers. We present a high-level design framework for building GCEs and a space of characteristics that help identify requirements for GCEs for multidisciplinary communities. By describing integrated systems for five different multidisciplinary communities, we outline the unique responsibility (and opportunity) for GCEs to exploit the larger context of the scientific or engineering application, defined by the ongoing activities of the pertinent community. Finally, we describe several core systems support technologies that we have developed to support multidisciplinary GCE applications.
Does a Preoperative Educational Class Increase Patient Compliance.

Past studies have shown successful outcomes regarding the use of various interventional education methods in improving patient compliance. At our institution, different educational resources are offered and encouraged, including a 2-hour–long educational class, to prepare patients who are undergoing total joint arthroplasty procedures. Given the significant impact that patient compliance with preoperative instruction can have on overall outcomes of these procedures, this study was intended to assess the effects that the educational classes can have on patient compliance with this institution’s 6-point preoperative total joint arthroplasty protocol. The study analyzed 2 groups, those who did and did not attend the preoperative classes, and compliance rates were compared between the 2. It was hypothesized that patients who did attend the classes would be more compliant to the protocol compared to those who did not. Although results from the study showed that there were no significant differences in adherenc...
Effects of pyruvate on lipid oxidation and ground beef color.

: Our overall objective was to better understand the effects of added pyruvate on enhanced beef color stability. The 2 possible mechanisms assessed were the role of pyruvate in lipid oxidation and direct interaction between pyruvate and beef myoglobin. Microsomes were incubated with pyruvate at pH 5.6, 25 °C, and lipid oxidation was measured hourly for 3 h. Bovine oxymyoglobin at pH 5.6 was incubated with pyruvate and used to quantify both redox stability (metmyoglobin formation) and pyruvate-myoglobin adduction using mass spectrometry analysis. Surface color and lipid oxidation were measured on ground beef patties stored for 6 d in polyvinyl chloride over-wrap (PVC) or high oxygen. Addition of pyruvate to microsomes decreased lipid oxidation compared with controls (P 0.05). However, pyruvate increased color stability and decreased lipid oxidation of ground beef patties packaged in PVC and high oxygen. Pyruvate decreased nitric oxide metmyoglobin-reducing capacity and oxygen consumption of patties compared with controls (P < 0.05). This research suggests that pyruvate may improve beef color stability primarily through its antioxidant effect on lipids. Practical Application: Discoloration of meat often results in significant revenue loss. This study suggests that pyruvate can improve the color stability of patties packaged in high oxygen and PVC primarily through its antioxidant effect on lipids.
Effect of blockiness in grafted monomer sequences on assembly of copolymer grafted nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo simulation study

We use Monte Carlo simulations to study AB copolymer-grafted nanoparticles to elucidate the effect of blockiness (length of contiguous blocks of like-monomers) in the grafted monomer sequence on the shape, size, and structure of assembled nanoparticle clusters for a range of monomer–monomer and monomer–particle interactions. The graft sequence dictates the ease or difficulty of the grafted chains to form attractive like-monomer (A–A or B–B) contacts while minimizing repulsive unlike-monomer (A–B) contacts within an assembled cluster or a dispersed state. When A–B repulsion is negligible, with increasing blockiness at constant graft length the cluster size and average coordination number decrease in the presence of A–A or B–B attractions, and are approximately constant in the presence of A–A and B–B attractions. When A–B repulsion is strong, the cluster size and average coordination number increase with increasing blockiness for small and large particles. For small particles, with strong B–B attraction and A–B repulsion, increasing blockiness leads to increasing anisotropy in cluster shape, while strong A–A attraction produces isotropic clusters regardless of the graft sequence. The effect of graft sequence on cluster shape is reduced for large particles as compared to small particles, at constant graft length. Lastly, the extent to which monomer–particle attractive interactions change the above trends is highly dependent on the relative strength of monomer–particle to monomer–monomer interactions, in addition to the ratio of particle size to graft length, and the grafting density.
Cocaine induces cell death within the primate fetal cerebral wall.

Transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) analysis was used to compare the occurrence of cell death in the cerebral wall of cocaine-exposed and drug-naive monkey fetuses. The rhesus monkeys providing the drug-exposed fetuses received 10 mg/kg of cocaine orally (in fruit treats) in the morning and in the evening between pregnancy days 50 and 65. The control pregnant animals received fruit treats only. The fetuses were removed for analysis by Caesarean section 10 h after the last cocaine treatment. The sections of the cerebral wall from the cocaine-exposed fetuses contained significantly higher numbers of TUNEL-positive nuclei (counted either per section area or per 1000 unlabeled nuclei) than the matching sections from the drug-naive fetuses. This elevation in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was observed through the entire depth of the fetal cerebral wall including its proliferative and intermediate zones, cortical plate and the marginal zone. The present study demonstrates that consumption of cocaine during pregnancy can result in increased occurrence of cell death in the developing cerebrum.
Work‐Related Health Limitations, Education, and the Risk of Marital Disruption

Despite progress in identifying the covariates of divorce, there remain substantial gaps in the knowledge. One of these gaps is the relationship between health and risk of marital dissolution. I extend prior research by examining the linkages between work-related health limitations and divorce using 25 years of data (N = 7919) taken from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY-79). I found that work-related health limitations among husbands, but not wives, were linked to an increased risk of divorce. In addition, I found that this relationship was moderated by education in a fashion that varies according to race. For White men, education exacerbated the effect of health limitations, but for Black men, education attenuated the effects of work-related health limitations.
Multiapplication support in a parallel-program performance tool

We added new features for analyzing multiple programs to the IPS-2 parallel-program performance tools and were surprised at the wide range of performance problems for which this modified IPS-2 can be used. With multiapplication IPS-2, programmers can simultaneously run and analyze cooperating or contending applications; combine performance displays and metrics of multiple applications or multiple versions of the same application to directly compare performance; analyze critical paths of execution for individual applications, for a single application and the applications with which it interacts, or for entire workloads; study how the application workload performance affects the hardware, operating system, and network performance; study an application's evolution through multiple versions, hardware platforms, or input sets; study a workload's aggregate behavior, how applications interact, or how individual applications perform in the presence of other applications; and compare the measured performance of a program with predictions made by simulations or analytical models. This modified parallel-program performance tool analyzes multiple applications in a single session, allowing better performance tuning than is possible when programs are run in isolation. >
Mechanisms Meet Content: Integrating Cognitive Architectures And Ontologies

Historically, approaches to human-level intelligence have divided between those emphasizing the mechanisms involved, such as cognitive architectures, and those focusing on the knowledge content, such as ontologies. In this paper we argue that in order to build cognitive systems capable of human-level event-recognition, a comprehensive infrastructure of perceptual and cognitive mechanisms coupled with high-level knowledge representations is required. In particular, our contribution focuses on an integrated modeling framework (the “Cognitive Engine”), where the learning and knowledge retrieval mechanisms of the ACT-R cognitive architecture are combined with integrated semantic resources for the purpose of event interpretation.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of SrO buffer layers on graphite and graphene for the integration of complex oxides

Abstract We report the successful growth of high-quality SrO films on highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and single-layer graphene by molecular beam epitaxy. The SrO layers have (001) orientation as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) while atomic force microscopy measurements show continuous pinhole-free films having rms surface roughness of 3 grown atop a SrO/HOPG stack.
The Impact of High-Stakes Testing on Latina/o Students' College Aspirations.

This study explores the influence high-stakes testing has on Latina/o student aspirations and subsequent college enrollment. It quantitatively examines the critical juncture of high school exit and...
Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo.

Holovideo displays are based on light-bending spatial light modulators. One such spatial light modulator is the anisotropic leaky mode modulator. This modulator is particularly well suited for holographic video experimentation as it is relatively simple and inexpensive to fabricate1-3. Some additional advantages of leaky mode devices include: large aggregate bandwidth, polarization separation of signal light from noise, large angular deflection and frequency control of color1. In order to realize these advantages, it is necessary to be able to adequately characterize these devices as their operation is strongly dependent on waveguide and transducer parameters4. To characterize the modulators, the authors use a commercial prism coupler as well as a custom characterization apparatus to identify guided modes, calculate waveguide thickness and finally to map the device's frequency input and angular output of leaky mode modulators. This work gives a detailed description of the measurement and characterization of leaky mode modulators suitable for full-color holographic video.
The minimal invasive operation for pectus excavatum creport of 125 cases

Objective To summary the characteristic and therapeutic effect of different minimally invasive techniques for pectus excavatum (PE). Methods From Mar 2003 to Feb 2008,there were 125 children with PE underwent corrective operation of PE by different minimal invasive techniques in our institution. There were four kind of techniques were used,1: thoracoscopy-assisted minimal invasive operation for 52 cases; 2: direct viewing mini-incision operation for 28 cases; 3: mini-incision with costal cartilage consecution for 15 cases and 4: Nuss procedure for 30 cases. Except the Nuss procedure,all children’s sternal was elevated and fixed reverse T shape internal fixation. Results All patients recovered uneventfully,but 1 patients got the steel panel dislocation who were re-fixed 3 days late,1 patient who undergone the Nuss procedure got hemothorax. After the correct operation,the location of sternal was normal in X ray film or CT. All patients were followed-up with the period of 2 months to 2 years,local chest wall excavation was found in 4 patients. Conclusions The operation selections mentioned above have the advantages of minimal invasion and good aesthetic effect. The optimal timing of operation is the age of 3-5 years,or 2-3 years if the sternal excavation is severe.
Clinical analysis of 20 cases of muscular tuberculosis

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of muscular tuberculosis (MT) and analyze its risk factors.Methods Twenty MT patients were recruited from our department during 2000 -2010.There were 9 males and 11 females with an average age of 43.5 years old.And their clinical manifestations were recorded and analyzed.Results All patients had local masses.And 19 patients had the involvement of single muscle and multiple muscles were involved in 1 patient.Gastrocnemius was affected in 9 patients.Nine patients had a previous history of tuberculosis or suffered concurrent tuberculosis of other body parts.Three patients with immune system disease received glucocorticoid therapy.And 11 patients underwent PPD (purified protein derivative) test and only 1 was strongly positive while 10 others were negative.MT was confirmed by pathological examinations in 20 cases.All patients underwent muscle biopsy and received effective chemotherapy.Conclusion As a kind of systemic disease, MT is mainly characterized by painful or painless muscle mass.The patients with a history of tuberculosis,tuberculosis of other body parts and immune system disease are susceptible to MT.Diagnosis is mainly made through biopsy.And chemotherapy is effective. Key words: Tuberculosis,muscle; Clinical research
Investigation of the proposed solar-driven moisture phenomenon in asphalt shingle roofs

We report that unvented, sealed or conditioned attics are an energy efficiency measure to reduce the thermal load of the home and decrease the space conditioning energy consumption. This retrofit is usually done by using spray polyurethane foam underneath the roof sheathing and on the gables and soffits of an attic to provide a thermal and air barrier. Unvented attics perform well from this perspective but from a moisture perspective sometimes the unvented attic homes have high interior humidity or moisture damage to the roof. As homes become more air tight and energy efficient, an understanding of the hygrothermal dynamics of the home become more important. One proposed reason for high unvented attic humidity has been that moisture can come through the asphalt shingle roof system and increase the moisture content of the roof sheathing and attic air. This has been called solar driven moisture. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) investigated this proposed phenomenon by examining the physical properties of a roof and the physics required for the phenomenon. Results showed that there are not favorable conditions for solar driven moisture to occur. ORNL also conducted an experimental study on an unvented attic home and compared the humidity below themore » roof sheathing before and after a vapor impermeable underlayment was installed. There was no statistically significant difference in absolute humidity before and after the vapor barrier was installed. Finally, the outcome of the theoretical and experimental study both suggest that solar driven moisture does not occur in any significant amount.« less
In vitro enhancement of antibiotic resistance development: interaction of residue levels of pesticides and antibiotics

This study investigated the interaction of three commonly used pesticides, carbaryl, captan, and malathion, with combinations of antibiotics occurring commonly in milk, all at levels below established tolerances. The modality of measurement was the MIC; the assay organism was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144. Acetone alone or individual pesticides in acetone caused no increase in the baseline MIC of any of the marker antibiotics. For single antibiotics, (ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethazine) 7.1 % of the combination possibilities showed increased MICs. The three pesticides together resulted in an increased MIC in 4.8% of the combinations. Varying combinations of three of the aforelisted antibiotics showed increases in the baseline MIC in 18.5% of the possibilities. Combinations of three antibiotics and the three pesticides showed increased MICs in 24.4% of the possibilities. There appears to be an additive effect upon the development of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus cells between the three pesticides and the antibiotics in the combinations studied.
Mechanism of action of insulin.

EXPERIMENTS have been carried out to determine to what extent insulin lowers the glucose concentration in the plasma by increasing glucose utilization by the tissues and to what extent by diminishing glucose production by the liver.
Flow and acoustic characteristics of non-axisymmetric jets at subsonic conditions

Flow and acoustic behavior of two asymmetric, rectangular (AR = 4) and elliptic (AR = 2.5), jets are studied and compared to an equivalent area round jet. The jets are operated at a Mach number of 0.9 and temperature ratio of 1. Time-averaged flow field measurements are carried out using planar and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. In addition, far-field microphone measurements are performed to compare jet acoustics. Mean flow field results demonstrate that for the given Mach number and aspect ratios, rectangular and elliptic jet properties are somewhat modified compared to the round jet. The elliptic jet exhibits properties that are intermediate between two geometric extremes. Moderately enhanced mixing in asymmetric jets as a result of weak streamwise vortices is evidenced by overall shorter potential core, faster centerline velocity decay, and higher shear layer growth rates. Centerline turbulence levels and transverse shear stress distribution also show enhanced fluctuations for non-circular jets. Compared to their major axis planes, relatively higher turbulence levels are measured in the minor axis planes for both rectangular and elliptic jets. Far-field acoustic measurements reveal the asymmetric nature of the sound field. Compared to the round jet, major axis orientation for asymmetric jets is observed to provide moderate acoustic benefit in the downstream direction. However, enhanced fluctuations in the minor axis plane result in a marginal noise augmentation at moderate to high frequencies in this plane for downstream polar angles.
Spatiotemporal dynamics and spatial pattern in a diffusive intraguild predation model with delay effect

Abstract Based on biological meaning, a kind of diffusive intraguild predation (IGP: resource, IG prey and IG predator) model with delay effect is investigated in this paper. The model has Holling-Type I functional response between resource-IG prey and resource-IG predator; Holling-Type II functional response between IG prey and IG predator. We first give sufficient conditions on the stability of possible nonnegative constant steady-state solutions for the proposed model, which give us a complete picture of the global dynamics. Then we investigate Hopf bifurcation near the unique positive constant steady-state solution by taking delay as bifurcation parameter and derive the Hopf bifurcation threshold. It is shown that the delay can induce three types of bistability (node-node bistability, node-cycle bistability and cycle-cycle bistability), periodic oscillations and irregular oscillations triggering spatiotemporal chaos in the diffusive IGP model. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical results and suggest that delay can even trigger the emergence of self-organised spatiotemporal patterns, which evolve from spiral patterns to irregular spatial patterns via spatiotemporal Hopf bifurcation. In addition, the impact of diffusion on the model’s dynamics under certain time delay are also explored.
Glioblastoma in natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis patients

We present two natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients who developed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with variable outcomes. One patient had an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GBM with aggressive behavior, who declined treatment and died 13 weeks after symptoms onset. The other patient underwent resection of an IDH-mutant secondary GBM that arose from a previously diagnosed grade II astrocytoma. He is still alive 5 years after the diagnosis of GBM. JC virus was not detected in either case. Whether natalizumab played a role in the development of GBM in those patients deserves further investigation.
Predictive Biomarkers for Asthma Therapy

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple phenotypes. Treatment of patients with severe disease can be challenging. Predictive biomarkers are measurable characteristics that reflect the underlying pathophysiology of asthma and can identify patients that are likely to respond to a given therapy. This review discusses current knowledge regarding predictive biomarkers in asthma. Recent trials evaluating biologic therapies targeting IgE, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4 have utilized predictive biomarkers to identify patients who might benefit from treatment. Other work has suggested that using composite biomarkers may offer enhanced predictive capabilities in tailoring asthma therapy. Multiple biomarkers including sputum eosinophil count, blood eosinophil count, fractional concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO), and serum periostin have been used to identify which patients will respond to targeted asthma medications. Further work is needed to integrate predictive biomarkers into clinical practice.
A puzzle about desire

This paper develops a novel puzzle about desire consisting of three independently plausible but jointly inconsistent propositions: (1) all desires are dispositional states, (2) we have privileged access to some of our desires, and (3) we do not have privileged access to any dispositional state. Proponents of the view that all desires are dispositional states might think the most promising way out of this puzzle is to deny (3). I argue, however, that such attempts fail because the most plausible accounts of self-knowledge of desires do not explain how we possess privileged access to dispositional desires. I conclude by offering what I take to be a more promising solution to the puzzle, one that involves the rejection of (1) on the grounds that some desires possess phenomenology.
A mechanistic-empirical model for predicting top-down fatigue cracking in an asphalt pavement overlay

Climate, pavement structure, traffic and material properties were identified and incorporated into a new mechanistic-empirical model to predict top-down cracking in an asphalt pavement overlay. The...