cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identity and Spiritual Development in the Papers of Erik Erikson

This article explores the meaning of spirituality in adult identity development based on the published and unpublished writings of Erik Erikson. Erikson's unpublished Harvard University and related papers are the nucleus of this article, and his 120+ publications buttress that material. I situate Erikson as the trans-Freudian originator of the psychosocial identity construct who imported philosophical thought, poetic and ancient writings, and scripture into his theorizing. Explored is the trajectory that Erikson framed, that of the development of morality → ideology → aesthetics → mature ethics. Erikson framed the best of maturity in the ego identity of what he called the moral-ethical, spiritual human. This human is one with a horizontal, earthly identity and a vertical, transcendent identity.
The vitronectin receptor plays a role in the adhesion of human cytotrophoblast cells to endothelial cells.

During placental development in higher primates trophoblast cells invade maternal blood vessels and migrate along the luminal surface of endothelium. In the present study, the adherence of human cytotrophoblast cells to endothelial cells has been characterized to test the hypothesis that vitronectin receptors (αv integrins) play a role in intra-luminal trophoblast migration. Adherence was measured using a quantitative fluorescence-based assay and was found to increase in a time-dependent fashion up to about 2 h after which it leveled off. Adhesion was detectable at 4°C but was greatly reduced compared to that seen at 37°C. Adhesion was partially blocked by antibodies against αvβ3/β5 integrin, β1 integrin and by antibodies against P-selectin. Antibodies against β3 integrin subunits had no effect. Adhesion was reduced by galactose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. Flow cytometric analysis revealed av integrin on the surface of cytotrophoblast and endothelial cells, β1 Integrin was detected on the surfac...
Polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes: A new safe, effective, and palatable bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children

Abstract Objective To assess safety, efficacy, and acceptance of polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes (PEG) for bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children. Study design In a prospective study, 46 children (mean age, 11.2 years; range, 2.8-17.8) were given PEG at a dose of 1.5 g/kg/day for 4 days before colonoscopy. Patients were allowed to mix PEG in the beverage of their choice. Stool frequency and adverse effects were monitored during PEG therapy. Compliance, tolerance, and quality of colonic preparation were assessed. Serum electrolytes were measured before and after PEG therapy in 29 children. Results Daily stool frequency increased with PEG therapy from baseline of 2.6±0.3 to 3.0±0.5 on day 1, 4.6±0.4 on day 2, 5.5±0.7 on day 3, and 6.0±0.6 on day 4 (days 2, 3, and 4, P Conclusions Electrolyte-free PEG 3350 can be used as an effective and safe bowel preparation that is well accepted by children for colonoscopy.
Thrombotic complications related to discontinuation of warfarin and aspirin therapy perioperatively for cutaneous operation.

Abstract Background: Aside from anecdotal reports, there are few data on the risk of thrombotic complications in patients in whom use of warfarin and aspirin is discontinued perioperatively for cutaneous operation. Objective: Our aim was to present a large case series of thrombotic complications resulting from this practice and to estimate the incidence of these events. Methods: A total of 504 members of the American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology were surveyed regarding thrombotic complications when blood thinners were withheld perioperatively to ascertain the frequency of these complications and to describe associated morbidity and mortality. Results: A total of 168 responding physicians reported 46 patients who experienced thrombotic events. Of these patients, 54% (25 of 46) experienced the event when warfarin was withheld and 39% (18 of 46) when aspirin use was discontinued. Thrombotic events included 24 strokes, 3 cerebral emboli, 5 myocardial infarctions, 8 transient ischemic attacks, 3 deep venous thromboses, 2 pulmonary emboli, and 1 retinal artery occlusion leading to blindness. Three deaths were reported. Calculation of incidence yielded an estimated thrombotic risk of 1 event per 12,816 operations, 1 in 6219 operations when use of warfarin was discontinued and 1 in 21,448 when aspirin was withheld. Conclusions: With no documented increase in severe hemorrhagic complications during continued use perioperatively of blood thinners, these data provide a compelling argument to maintain patients on medically necessary blood thinners during cutaneous operation. All relevant clinical facts must be weighed when making this decision. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:233-7.)
Redetermination of the trigonal prismatic complex tris(cis-1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2-dithiolato)rhenium.

The first trigonal prismatic mol­ecular compound characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, [Re(C14H10S2)3], has been redetermined using modern laboratory equipment. The new experiment reaffirms the results of the original. Since then, numerous tris-dithiol­ene complexes have been structurally characterized, having geometries ranging from trigonal prismatic to nearly octa­hedral. An examination of the coordination geometries of these structures is included.
Phenylalanine as a precursor for cryogenine biosynthesis in Heimia salicifolia

Abstract The aromatic group of cryogenine, the major alkaloid of Heimia salicifolia, is shown to be derived from phenylalanine. Feeding of [3-14C] dl -phenylalanine and degradation of the cryogenine showed that the activity was located specifically at both carbons alpha to the biphenyl ring. Thus, two phenylalanine-derived units take part in the biosynthesis of the alkaloid.
Insulin-like growth factor-I mitigates motor coordination deficits associated with neonatal alcohol exposure in rats

Abstract Prenatal alcohol exposure can affect brain development, leading to behavioral problems, including overactivity, motor dysfunction and learning deficits. Despite warnings about the effects of drinking during pregnancy, rates of fetal alcohol syndrome remain unchanged and thus, there is an urgent need to identify interventions that reduce the severity of alcohol's teratogenic effects. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is neuroprotective against ethanol-related toxicity and promotes white matter production following a number of insults. Given that prenatal alcohol leads to cell death and white matter deficits, the present study examined whether IGF-I could reduce the severity of behavioral deficits associated with developmental alcohol exposure. Sprague–Dawley rat pups received ethanol intubations (5.25 g/kg/day) or sham intubations on postnatal days (PD) 4–9, a period of brain development equivalent to the third trimester. On PD 10–13, subjects from each treatment received 0 or 10 μg IGF-I intranasally each day. Subjects were then tested on a series of behavioral tasks including open field activity (PD 18–21), parallel bar motor coordination (PD 30–32) and Morris maze spatial learning (PD 45–52). Ethanol exposure produced overactivity, motor coordination impairments, and spatial learning deficits. IGF-I treatment significantly mitigated ethanol's effects on motor coordination, but not on the other two behavioral tasks. These data indicate that IGF-I may be a potential treatment for some of ethanol's damaging effects, a finding that has important implications for children of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy.
Breccias from the Lunar Highlands: Preliminary Petrographic Report on Apollo 16 Samples 60017 and 63335

Lunar samples 60017,4 and 63335,14 are composed of microbreccias and devitrified glass. These components are predominantly anorthositic, with the exception of a cryptocrystalline clast found in the microbreccia portion of 63335,14 which contains 2.7 percent potassium oxide and 66.7 percent silicon dioxide. The samples have been subjected to extreme shock and thermal metamorphism. The parent materials of the microbreccias include both a coarse-grained anorthosite and a fine-grained subophitic anorthositic gabbro.
A generalized confidence interval for a measurand in the presence of type-A and type-B uncertainties

Abstract We consider the problem of estimating a measurand based on a sequence of measurements. Each measurement has both type-A and type-B errors. The measurements may have been obtained from a single experiment or several separate experiments. We investigate the estimation problem under two measurement models having different sets of assumptions on type-B errors. We review commonly used procedures for obtaining a confidence interval for the measurand and discuss an alternative approach based on the principle of generalized inference. We use several examples to illustrate the proposed approach.
Removal of an invasive shrub (Chinese privet: Ligustrum sinense Lour) reduces exotic earthworm abundance and promotes recovery of native North American earthworms

a b s t r a c t This study investigated the possibility of a facilitative relationship between Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and exotic earthworms, in the southeastern region of the USA. Earthworms and selected soil properties were sampled five years after experimental removal of privet from flood plain forests of the Georgia Piedmont region. The earthworm communities and soil properties were compared between sites with privet, privet removal sites, and reference sites where privet had never established. Results showed that introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus, and Octolasion tyr- taeum) were more prevalent under privet cover, and privet removal reduced their relative abundance (from >90% to ∼70%) in the community. Conversely, the relative abundance of native species (Diplocardia michaelsenii) increased fourfold with privet removal and was highest in reference sites. Soils under privet were characterized by significantly higher pH relative to reference plots and privet removal facilitated a significant reduction in pH. These results suggest that privet-mediated effects on soil pH may confer a competitive advantage to European lumbricid earthworms. Furthermore, removal of the invasive shrub appears to reverse the changes in soil pH, and may allow for recovery of native earthworm fauna. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Fiber shaft extension in combination with HI loop ligands augments infectivity for CAR-negative tumor targets but does not enhance hepatotropism in vivo

Recent studies demonstrate that the fiber shaft length, which ranges from six beta-repeats to 23 beta-repeats in human adenoviruses (Ads), influences viral tropism. We have previously shown that artificial extension of the shaft length inhibits infectivity in CAR (coxsackievirus and Ad receptor)-positive cell lines, but does not affect infectivity in a CAR-independent, integrin-dependent cell entry pathway. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that Ad vectors with shaft extension might display lower infectivity in liver, which expresses high levels of CAR. We also postulated that infectivity of Ad vectors with shaft extension in CAR-negative tumors could be increased by exploiting a CAR-independent cell entry by incorporation of an RGD4C motif into the fiber knob HI-loop. We thus compared gene transfer efficiencies of our Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) capsid-based 'longer-shafted' Ad vector with or without an RGD4C motif in the HI-loop of the fiber knob (Ad5long and Ad5RGDlong, 32 beta-repeats) to wild-type Ad vector (Ad5, 22 beta-repeats) in vitro and in vivo. In this study, Ad5long showed similar infectivity in CAR-negative tumors (69.7%, P = 0.098), but significantly reduced infectivity in CAR-positive tumors (19.1%, P = 0.000038) and in liver (12.5%, P = 0.0047) compared with Ad5. On the other hand, Ad5RGDlong demonstrated similar infectivity in CAR-positive tumors (70.5%, P = 0.012) and in liver (83.4%, P = 0.51), but significantly increased infectivity in CAR-negative tumors (327%, P = 0.0000042) compared with Ad5. Importantly, Ad5RGDlong demonstrated an augmented gene transfer capacity for CAR negative tumors, but no enhanced hepatotropism in vivo. We suggest that Ad vectors with artificial fiber shaft extension in combination with HI loop ligands may be useful for gene therapy applications.
A combined surgical and radiologic technique for creating a functional neo–endocervical canal in a case of partial congenital cervical atresia

Abstract Objective: To recanalize the endocervical canal in a patient with partial congenital cervical atresia. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient: A 16-year-old girl referred with a history of primary amenorrhea, polycystic ovaries, and intermittent abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed a normal vagina and external cervical os, but magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid endocervical tract. Intervention(s): At laparotomy the endometrial cavity was accessed transfundally and outlined by injection of water-soluble contrast. A trocar needle was guided transvaginally into the uterus, the tract was dilated, and a 12F stent was placed. Oral contraceptives (OCs) and antibiotics were continued postoperatively. Main Outcome Measure(s): Hysterosalpingography and clinical follow-up. Result(s): The operation and postoperative course were uneventful. Withdrawal bleeding occurred at 8 weeks, after discontinuation of the OCs, at which time the stent was expelled. Later follow-up revealed recurrent narrowing, and the stent was replaced for 14 more weeks. After stent removal, regular menses continued (7 months to date). Conclusion: In select cases of congenital cervical atresia, recanalization may be safely performed with the use of the combined surgical-radiologic technique described, with good short-term outcome.
Focal inflammatory myopathy

We report three patients with inflammatory myopathy who presented clinically with weakness and wasting of only one limb. The myopathy progressed over 6 months and 5 years, respectively, in two patients and was stable after 8 years in the third patient. One patient had a skin rash. Serum CK was elevated in the two patients with progressive disease. Electromyography showed brief duration, small amplitude motor unit potentials and fibrillations in the affected limbs. Muscle biopsy revealed variable fiber size, degenerating and regenerating fibers, and inflammatory foci. Vasculitis was seen in the patient with skin lesions and marked fibroblastic proliferation in the patient with the most chronic course. Immunosuppressive therapy has arrested the progression in the two patients treated; both have regained strength.
Computational and numerical analysis of hypersonic nozzle flows with comparisons to wind tunnel calibration data

Navier-Stokes (NS), parabolized NS codes, and classical method of characteristics prediction techniques are employed to compute hypersonic nozzle flowfields for the 15 in Mach 6 High Temperature Tunnel and the 16 in Mach 17 Nitrogen Tunnel, which are part of the Langley Research Center. The study focuses on defining the accuracy of these techniques by comparing the computational results to wind tunnel pitot pressure measurements conducted in the newly designed nozzle of the Mach 6 tunnel and in the original nozzle of the Mach 17 tunnel. The comparisons between predicted results and test section pitot surveys for the Mach 6 nozzle are in good agreement and show highly uniform flow over a range of reservoir pressures and temperatures.
Further studies on human hetero-hemagglutinins for mouse erythrocytes.

SummaryThe Mo agglutinin (a human agglutinin for mouse erythrocytes) was found to be present in 400 human sera tested. The failure of previous attempts to demonstrate the agglutinin in all sera was probably due to the fact that the method used was not sufficiently sensitive. Merthiolate has little or no inactivating effect on the Mo agglutinin. The significance of the variation in amount of Mo antibody in human sera has not been determined.
Visibility-pollutant relationships in Southern Arizona—I. Analysis of the historical data base

Abstract A multivariate statistical analysis of the pollutant and meteorological data collected in and near Tucson, Arizona during the period 1974–1978 is presented. These data are analyzed for trends and correlations between visibility (as reported by National Weather Service), light scattering coefficient (from the integrating nephelometer), and atmospheric loadings of various pollutants. Significant findings include (1) evidence of regional sulfate loading, uniformly distributed in urban and nonurban areas and (2) significant correlation of sulfate to light scattering coefficient, but little correlation to NWS visibility. As a result of this analysis, a field study of size and chemical distribution of atmospheric aerosols in this region was undertaken.
A Survey of Current Perceptions of Drug Information Practice and Training

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the current perceptions of drug information practice and training.MethodsElectronic surveys were sent to 417 pharmacists who likely would have drug information responsibilities. The survey collected information regarding job responsibilities, perceived importance of each responsibility to drug information practice, type of postgraduate training received to prepare for responsibilities, and perceived adequacy of training.ResultsThere were 206 survey respondents. The most frequently cited primary job responsibilities were providing instruction to students and staff, operating drug information centers, and responding to drug information queries. Most respondents felt that educational instruction, pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee support, and responding to drug information questions were very important to drug information practice. On-the-job experience was cited as the most frequent source of training. Of the respondents, 46% reported completion of a...
Bos1p, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicles, is required for their fusion competence

Abstract BOS1 encodes an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein and genetically interacts with three other yeast genes ( BET1, SEC22 , and YPT1 ) whose products are required for membrane traffic between the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Using an assay that reconstitutes transport at this stage of the pathway, we find that anti-Bos1p antibody blocks protein export after vesicles bud from the ER but prior to fusion with the Golgi. Additionally, the depletion of Bos1p from the ER leads to the formation of transport-incompetent vesicles. Carrier vesicles, immunoisolated with anti-Bos1p antibody, are ∼50 nm in size. These vesicles contain Bos1p, Sec22p, and Ypt1p, but not Bet1p. The functional interactions of Bos1p with Ypt1p and Sec22p may be necessary for the fusion competence of the ER to Golgi transport vesicles.
Distribution of Pu(V) and Pu(VI) in seawater

The stability of tracer concentrations of Pu(V) and Pu(VI) in surface seawater from the Gulf of Mexico was studied by adsorption to silica gel and calcium carbonate, and extraction by TTA. The methods were consistent in confirming that Pu(VI) was reduced rapidly to Pu(V) and Pu(IV). In darkness, the Pu(V) was slowly reduced to Pu(IV) with a first-order dependence on Pu(V) concentration and a half-life of ∼ 70 days for 10−10 M. In 0.7 M NaCl solution (pH 8.2), reduction of Pu(V) (in the dark) was much slower (t12 ∼ 1.6 year). When exposed to normal external light, Pu(V) was ∼ 60% reduced to Pu(IV) in a few hours, then remained stable over a month's observation time. When such a sample was removed from sunlight, no further redox change was observed. These data are discussed in terms of actinide redox and complexation behavior in marine waters.
A synthesis of 5-phenyl-d5-phenyl-d5-hydantoin

The drug 5-phenyl-5-phenyl-d5-hydantoin was prepared employing a five step synthesis starting from readily available benzene-d6. Two key intermediates, benzoin-d5, and benzil-d5, were prepared, containing only one fully labelled phenyl-d5 group. The precursor benzil-d5 was condensed with urea to generate the labelled drug, diphenylhydantoin-d5. This new probe possesses only one fully labelled phenyl group making it suitable for metabolic studies and as an internal standard for combined GC-MS-computer analyses of body fluid extracts. Synthetic procedures as well as complete spectral data of precursors and the labelled drug are presented.
The kinetics of the secondary nucleation of ice: Implications to the operation of continuous crystallizers

Abstract Nucleation rates of ice have been determined for a wide range of solution subcooling, refrigerant subcooling, agitation power, impeller configuration, and salt concentration. The results of the study have been used to predict the effect of changes in operating conditions in a continuous crystallizer on crystal size and to draw some tentative conclusions on the mechanism of secondary nucleation. The predictions made from the batch crystallizer nucleation data of this study are shown to provide an adequate generalization of all the past nucleation data from continuous crystallizers.
Solution Structures of Lithium Enolates, Phenolates, Carboxylates, and Alkoxides in the Presence of N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylenediamine: A Prevalence of Cyclic Dimers

The method of continuous variation was used to characterize lithium enolates, phenolates, carboxylates, and alkoxides solvated by N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). The method relies on characterizing an ensemble of homo- and heteroaggregates using (6)Li NMR spectroscopy. A combination of aggregate counts and symmetries, nearly statistical distributions, and quantitative parametric fits revealed that cyclic dimers are the dominant forms. Nonstatistical distributions favoring heteroaggregated dimers were observed when hindered enolates and carboxylates were mixed with unhindered enolates. Hindered (tertiary) alkoxides form higher aggregates (possibly hexamers), whereas hindered lithium phenolates appear to form TMEDA-solvated monomers.
Thermodynamics of roasting arsenopyrite

Existing thermodynamic data for the Fe-As-S-0 system were evaluted and predominance area diagrams for that system were constructed at 798 and 973 K. Isopleths for the As/S and As/O atomic ratios in the vapor phase have been added to the diagrams by solving the complex equilibria. These modified diagrams were used to evaluate the results of roasting both natural and synthetic arsenopyrite (FeAsS) in inert, reducing, and oxidizing atmospheres at 798 and 873 K. Conditions leading to the retention of As as As2O5(s) and FeAsO4(s) were also reviewed. The experimental results indicate that both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres are more effective in the removal of As than an inert atmosphere. In a reducing atmosphere arsenic sulfides are evolved and the percentage of As removal increases with decreasing PO 2The greatest percent of As removal occurred with highly oxidizing atmospheres which generated As4O6 vapor.
Beyond Student Learning Outcomes: Developing Comprehensive, Strategic Assessment Plans for Advising Programmes.

This article argues that while the importance of assessment in academic advising is clear and the current emphasis on defining and measuring student learning outcomes represents an essential component of any comprehensive advising assessment plan, an even more comprehensive understanding of programme assessment is needed. Drawing upon business literature related to Kaplan and Norton's balanced scorecard and an expanded model of Bolman and Deal's organisational frames, this article suggests an extended framework for understanding and engaging in comprehensive assessment of advising programmes.
Real-time fast ferrite ICRF tuning system on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Abstract A real-time ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) antenna matching system has been successfully implemented on Alcator C-Mod. This is a triple-stub tuning system working at 80 MHz, where one stub acts as a pre-matching stub and the other two stubs use fast ferrite tuners (FFTs) to accomplish fast tuning. It utilizes a digital controller for feedback control (200 μs per iteration) using real-time antenna loading measurements as inputs and the coil currents to the FFT as outputs. The system has achieved and maintained matching for a large range of plasma parameters, including L-mode, H-mode, and plasmas with edge localized modes. It has succeeded in delivering up to 1.85 MW net rf power into H-mode plasmas at maximum voltage of 37 kV on the unmatched side of the matching system.
Fixed Point Free Action with Some Regular Orbits

Abstract Let the finite group A be acting on a finite (solvable) group G and suppose that no non-trivial element of G is fixed under the action of all the elements of A . Assume furthermore that (| A |, | G |) = 1. A long-standing conjecture is that then the Fitting height of G is bounded by the length of the longest chain of subgroups of A . In 3 , this was proved in the case where for every proper subgroup B of A and every B -invariant elementary abelian section S of G , there exists some v ∈ S such that C B ( v ) = C B ( S ) (we say that B has a regular orbit on S ). In the present paper we establish the conjecture assuming only that some of these sections have regular orbits.
Factors accounting for the rise in health-care spending in the United States: The role of rising disease prevalence and treatment intensity

Summary Objectives To examine the factors responsible for the rise in health- care spending in the United States over the past 15 years. Study Design and Methods Nationally representative survey data from 1987 and 2003 were used to examine the top medical conditions accounting for the rise in spending. I also estimate how much of the rise is traced to rising treated disease prevalence and rising spending per case. Results The study finds most of the rise in spending is linked to rising rates of treated disease prevalence. The rise in prevalence is associated with the doubling of obesity in the US and changes in clinical thresholds for treating asymptomatic patients with certain cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Most of the policy solutions offered in the US to slow the growth in spending do not address the fundamental factors accounting for spending growth. More aggressive efforts for slowing the growth in obesity among adults and children should be centre-stage in the efforts to slow the rise in health-care spending.
Direct thermal-UV nanoimprint of an iron-containing organometallic hybrid film

Direct thermal-UV nanoimprinting of an organometallic hybrid film has been demonstrated to fabricate nanoscale features into a novel organic-inorganic solution containing selected metals. The film can be patterned at low temperature and pressure, and requires only a short processing time. When analyzed by energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, the authors observe both organic and metal content in the final patterned features. They have also observed that film thermal stability increases after UV and oxygen plasma treatments, which may lead to devices that perform well across a wide spectrum of temperatures.
Direct regulatory effect of ketones on lipolysis and on glucose concentrations in man.

IT has been repeatedly shown that the administration of ketones to animals or man produces a decrease in the concentration of glucose and free fatty acids in the blood, and this effect has been generally accepted as compatible with an increased secretion of insulin1–7. That ketones stimulate the secretion of insulin seems to have been confirmed in dogs because the concentration of insulin in pancreatic venous blood rose in response to infusions of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate4. In man a rise in the concentration of insulin in the peripheral blood has been observed following the administration of medium chain triglyceride and attributed to the induction of ketonaemia8.
A new laser Printing technique for the fabrication of thin film transistors

We present a new technique for the spatially selective deposition, or “printing”, of materials such as Si and Al. This transfer is effected by irradiating a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film deposited on a quartz substrate and coated with the material to be transferred with an excimer laser pulse. The resulting release and accumulation of hydrogen at the film/substrate interface generates pressures sufficient to propel the silicon, as well as any overlying material, onto an adjacent glass receptor wafer. Transient optical transmission measurements performed during the transfer of Si indicate that the amorphous film is melted by the laser pulse and breaks into droplets during ejection. These droplets travel towards the host substrate with a velocity of about 800 m/s and coalesce upon arrival. For fluences above 400 mJ/cm 2 , the resulting films adhere well to the receptors and can be smoothed using a second laser irradiation. We fabricated thin film transistors (TFTs) in the printed-and-smoothed Si using conventional lithography. The resulting devices show consistent switching behavior. We have also printed Si and Al lines with widths 5 to 15 µm by patterning the laser beam using a reflective grating mask defined on the target substrate. These lines are straight, show few discontinuities, and have sharp edges.
Management of postmenopausal women who have hyperlipidemia

Dyslipoproteinemia is prevalent in women as well as in men. In both, its consequences of premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) morbidity and mortality are common. Although clinical evidence of the benefits of cholesterol lowering is less abundant in women, it is not entirely absent. As in men, cholesterol lowering in women is associated with a decline in CAD risk and regression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Tool life testing in gundrilling: an application of the group method of data handling (GMDH)

Although the known techniques of the design of experiments (DOE) allows significant improvements in the methodology of machining tests, their use in metal cutting is restricted by limited number of variables included into consideration, pre-set model, subjective pre-process decisions and uncertainties in the machining data collected experimentally. This paper introduces an application of a new powerful technique of DOE known as the group method of data handling (GMDH) to the design of tool life experiments that allows avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages of traditional DOE. As a result of such an application, a mathematical model that correlates tool life in gundrilling of cast iron with various regime and design parameters was obtained. Special care was taken to avoid the influence of the dynamic phenomenon of the gundrilling process on the obtained experimental results. The obtained mathematical model reveals that tool life in gundrilling is a complex function of various regime and design parameters.
Feature-based component model for design of embedded systems

An embedded system is a hybrid of hardware and software, which combines software's flexibility and hardware real-time performance. Embedded systems can be considered as assemblies of hardware and software components. An Open Embedded System Model (OESM) is currently being developed at NIST to provide a standard representation and exchange protocol for embedded systems and system-level design, simulation, and testing information. This paper proposes an approach to representing an embedded system feature-based model in OESM, i.e., Open Embedded System Feature Model (OESFM), addressing models of embedded system artifacts, embedded system components, embedded system features, and embedded system configuration/assembly. The approach provides an object-oriented UML (Unified Modeling Language) representation for the embedded system feature model and defines an extension to the NIST Core Product Model. The model provides a feature-based component framework allowing the designer to develop a virtual embedded system prototype through assembling virtual components. The framework not only provides a formal precise model of the embedded system prototype but also offers the possibility of designing variation of prototypes whose members are derived by changing certain virtual components with different features. A case study example is discussed to illustrate the embedded system model.
Service delivery assessment: Qualitative evaluations at the cabinet level

An innovative new evaluation unit in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is regularly briefing the Secretary on the services delivered to clients at the local level.
Leaf optical properties and photosynthetic leaf absorptances in several Australian seagrasses

Abstract This study investigated within- and among-species variability in the leaf optical properties of eight large-bodied seagrasses, Posidonia australis , Posidonia sinuosa , Posidonia coriacea , Posidonia angustifolia , Amphibolis antarctica , Amphibolis griffithii , Zostera tasmanica , and Zostera capricorni and the small-bodied Halophila ovalis from the east and west coasts of Australia. Leaf spectral transmittance [ T L ( λ )], reflectance [ R L ( λ )], and non-photosynthetic absorptance [ A L (NP)] were measured in order to calculate leaf spectral absorptance [ A L ( λ )] and photosynthetic leaf absorptance [ A L (PAR)]. Leaf spectra for the seagrasses were similar in shape, but variable in magnitude. Greatest among-species differences in leaf optical properties were present across green (500–600 nm) and near infrared (700–750 nm) wavelengths. This suggests differences in seagrass leaf optical properties are mainly due to variations in accessory pigments and leaf functional anatomy (e.g., internal structure, sclerenchyma fibers, etc.). Reflectance of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by leaves [% R L (PAR)] ranged from 4.6 to 9.3% with a mean of 6.1 ± 1.2%. A L (NP) was more variable (16 ± 5%) than % R L (PAR) among species and sites. P. coriacea , a seagrass characteristic of high energy environments with the most structurally reinforced leaves, had the highest values of % R L (PAR) (9.3 ± 1.4%) and A L (NP) (29 ± 8%). A L (PAR) values ranged from 45 ± 3% for H. ovalis from a shallow (1 m) open coastal site in Western Australia to 68 ± 3% for P. australis from a deeper (3 m) protected site in New South Wales. The overall mean A L (PAR) of 57 ± 6% for the seagrasses measured here is over 30% lower than the absorption factor of 84%, commonly used in PAM fluorometric studies of seagrasses. Because of the relatively low within-species variability in this parameter, A L (PAR) was significantly higher for the eight large-bodied species (59 ± 6%) compared to the small-bodied H. ovalis (53 ± 5%). This limited survey of seagrass leaf optical characteristics indicates relatively low variability in light absorption across a wide range of leaf morphologies and environments consistent with previous suggestions of constraints on light absorption by aquatic plants.
A model to approximate transient performance of the flowshop

SUMMARY Transient performance of the flowshop is approximated using a model which is based on the assumption that operation start and finish times are related by the multivariate normal distribution. Start times are defined by evaluating the maximum of the finishing times which determine the epoch at which an operation can begin. Fundamental relationships among the correlations of start and finishing times are derived and used in several computational procedures to estimate start times. Examples which demonstrate application of the approach to flowshops with finite and infinite buffer capacities are given. Applications of the approach to more complex queueing networks and assembly systems are described.
Laboratory biology and field population dynamics of Trichopria columbiana (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), an acquired parasitoid of two hydrilla biological control agents

The biology and population dynamics of Trichopria columbiana, a native semi-aquatic parasitoid of ephydrid flies of the genus Hydrellia, were investigated in Florida and Texas, USA. Hydrellia pakistanae and Hydrellia balciunasi were introduced for classical biological control of the invasive aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata in the 1980s and acquired T. columbiana post-release. Several life history parameters of T. columbiana were investigated in the laboratory, including fecundity, egg shape and size, number and location of egg(s) deposited per host, preferred host age, description and number of instars, mode of respiration and host-selection behaviour. Field studies included seasonal abundance of T. columbiana and the introduced Hydrellia spp., parasitism levels, overwintering stage and adult winter sex ratio. T. columbiana is a synovigenic solitary endoparasitoid that developed from egg to adult in 21.9 ± 0.2 days under laboratory conditions. Eggs of T. columbiana are hydropic, hymenopteriform in shap...
Joint effects of errors of measurement and grouping on the estimated product-moment correlation

The problem of estimating the correlation coefficient between two random variables is considered. A model incorporating a special type of measurement error is introduced. The effect of measurement errors and the combined effect of measurement error and grouped data on the estimation of the un-grouped correlation are investigated. It is found that measurement errors cause bias toward zero in the estimation of the correlation coefficient. The joint effect of measurement errors and grouping can be expressed as the product of three components: the factor associated with the measurement errors, the factor associated with the grouping and the interaction between the above two factors.
Dragma hippomanicum IX. A new astragalus (Leguminosae: Astragalanae) from sandstone rim-rock in New Mexico

Astragalus knightii, related to ammophilousA. (sect.Cusickiani)ceramicus Sheld. but adapted to a specialized habitat and reciprocally modified in growth-form, is described from north-central New Mexico, illustrated and discussed.
The Role of Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Cancer Prevention

Prophylactic oophorectomy is presently the only effective method of ovarian cancer prevention. This study reviews current data on how prophylactic oophorectomy (PO) should be used in different risk groups. It is estimated that 7% of ovarian cancer patients have positive family history, of which 3-9% may end up having hereditary cancer syndromes. Women in direct genetic lineage of family cancer syndromes may have up to 50% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Because of such a high risk, PO is indicated for women with familial cancer syndromes after childbearing or the age of 35-40 at the latest. Most women with positive family history of ovarian cancer do not have one of the recognized hereditary cancer syndromes. However, women with one or two affected relatives do have an increased lifetime risk of ovarian cancer from a baseline of 1.6 to 5-7%. This risk is not high enough to warrant PO recommendation for a large number of women. After being properly informed and the patient still desires surgical prevention (i.e., cancer phobia), PO then becomes an indicated procedure. In women without family history of ovarian cancer, the role of PO remains controversial. The decision of PO as a concurrent procedure to other indicated gynecologic surgeries should depend on the individual patient and her ability to comply with lifelong estrogen replacement therapy.
THE TRANSMISSION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS OPHTHALMIA OF CATTLE

The experiments in which transmission of the disease was attempted by flies hardly parallel the observations within the herd. It is not unusual to observe large numbers of flies feeding on the exudate. Slight disturbances may interrupt feeding and cause the flies to disperse and within a short period alight about the eyes of other cows. The experiments, however, bring out the fact that the bacterium will not remain viable for even a few minutes in the digestive tract of the fly. Its life on the external surfaces of the fly is extremely short and in our observations has not exceeded 3 hours. The latter fact strengthens the opinion that in the main the infection is not dust-borne since the bacterium soon dies when not in contact with the eye. Two other points are of considerable significance. The ability of the organism to maintain itself on the eye for considerable periods after the acute symptoms have subsided may explain the reappearance of cases during the warmer months. The organism can exist in the eye throughout the winter and with the warm weather flies may transmit it to other susceptible individuals and thus a nucleus of an epidemic may be established. The presence of the organism in the nasal passages in the incubation stage and early in the disease in two of our experimental animals affords an explanation for the appearance of the disease in sporadic cases in the colder months. It is assumed that nasal exudate as a fine spray may be forcibly expelled and directly reach the eyeball of a normal individual. It has been shown that small quantities of culture sprayed on the cornea are capable of giving rise to the characteristic disease. The irregularity of the elimination of the organism through the nostril may be explained by the effect of inflammation on the tear duct. In experimental cases a small quantity of bouillon containing the culture was dropped or sprayed on the cornea. Doubtless the bacilli are deposited on the mucosa of the tear duct. Here they may multiply and set up an inflammation and thus gain access to the nasal passage. To what degree the virus is spread by the forcible expulsion of nasal secretion containing lacrimal fluid cannot be determined. The elimination of the bacilli from the nasal passage in our experimental inoculations leads us to believe that in the main the phenomenon is associated with early infections. The examination of the nasal passages of a large number of well established cases with negative findings tends to corroborate this view. Of interest to those concerned with the treatment of animal diseases is the readiness with which the inflammation subsides when treated with 1:40 zinc sulfate.
Differential expression of endothelin receptors in regenerating spinal motor neurons in mice

Abstract On day 4 after sciatic nerve crush injury, expression and localization of endothelin receptors ETA and ETB in the lumbar spinal cord were examined. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to ETA and ETB receptors showed cytoplasmic distribution of ETA receptors in motor neurons, whereas ETB receptors were localized in the perinuclear region. On the injured side of the lumbar spinal cord, when compared to contralateral, results demonstrated an up-regulation of ETB and a down-regulation of ETA receptors expression at the level of both mRNA and protein. These results suggest that ETB receptors may play a role in the regeneration of axotomized motor neurons.
Integration of EGFR Inhibitors and Conventional Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Introduction/Background Given the limited gains of traditional chemotherapy in improving outcomes in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), recent research efforts have investigated the integration of targeted agents into the treatment algorithm. Materials and Methods Searches of PubMed and of recent results from key oncology congresses were performed to identify relevant articles and abstracts. Initial phase III trials combining the reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib with platinum-based doublets as first-line therapy failed to demonstrate an overall survival advantage in unselected patients with NSCLC. However, in recent years, there has been substantial progress in understanding the determinants of response to EGFR TKI therapy, including the presence of activating EGFR mutations, which has been reflected in clinical trials specifically evaluating these patient populations. In addition, evidence suggesting potential mechanistic interference between concurrent EGFR TKIs and chemotherapy has also been observed, fueling interest in sequential or intermittent dosing. EGFR-targeted agents such as the multitargeted TKI vandetanib and the next-generation EGFR TKIs afatinib (BIBW 2992) and PF00299804 are also under clinical investigation for the treatment of NSCLC, both alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusions Trials evaluating various regimens of EGFR-targeted agents and chemotherapy are planned and/or underway and will hopefully define the role of integrated therapy in NSCLC.
Glass transition, crystallization and thermoreversible gelation in ternary PPO solutions; relationship to asymmetric membrane formation

Abstract The phase equilibrium behaviour of PPO (poly 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) in mixtures of trichloroethylene with non-solvents ethanol, methanol or octanol has been studied. Attention has been given to the phenomena of glass transition, crystallization and thermoreversible gelation. The effect of solvent-non-solvent mixtures on the glass transition temperature depression was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) and found to be well described by a ternary form of the Kelley-Bueche equation, using a modified best fit value of 3.67 for the solvent/polymer thermal expansivity ratio. Crystallization and gelation behaviour was studied using both d.s.c. and falling ball methods. D.s.c. scans showed a two-peaked behaviour when solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) or mixtures of TCE with octanol were used. Analysis showed that gel and crystal melting (associated with the higher temperature peak) are in a one-to-one correspondence and both exhibit a behaviour pattern with solvent concentration suggestive of simple melting point depression. However, addition of small amounts of non-solvent methanol or ethanol had a significant effect on the melting behaviour in that only a single endotherm resulted, whose depression in temperature could not be accurately described using the ternary form of the Flory melting point expression. A semiquantitative discussion is given emphasizing the role of these phenomena in controlling both the nature of the ternary phase diagram and the structure formation Processes associated with asymmetric membrane production.
Interaction of screen distances, screen letter heights and source document distances

An experiment was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of screen distances (600 mm and 900 mm), screen letter heights (for visual angles of 16, 20, and 30 minutes of arc), and source document distances (same as the screen distance and closer than the screen distance) on visual performance and subjective preference in text proofreading tasks. Thirty subjects in different age groups participated in the experiment. The experimental results revealed that the subjects' performance improved from the letter height of 16 minutes of arc to the letter height of 20 minutes of arc for the 600 mm screen distance, but from 20 minutes of arc to 16 minutes of arc for the 900 mm screen distance. The subjects generally preferred a screen distance slightly higher than 600 mm, a letter height at the 22 minutes of arc, and a small difference between the visual angle of screen letters and the visual angle of source letters.