cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress-induced inhibition of sexual behavior: corticosterone inhibits courtship behaviors of a male amphibian (Taricha granulosa).

Abstract When male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) are exposed to presumptive stressors, the incidence of courtship decreases and plasma corticosterone concentration increases. When sexually active males are injected intraperitoneally with corticosterone (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 μg), the incidence of courtship decreases rapidly and in proportion to the dose of corticosterone. Intracerebroventricular infusion of synthetic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) elevates plasma corticosterone levels and suppresses courtship. When male newts receive an injection of metyrapone, a drug that interferes with corticosterone synthesis, the inhibitory effects of stress or CRF infusion on courtship are reduced. These results support the hypothesis that, in this amphibian, elevated levels of corticosterone associated with exposure to stressful stimuli inhibit sexual behaviors.
GI/S: A graphical user interface for symbolic computation systems

The design and implementation of GI/S, a Graphical user Interface for Symbolic computation systems, is described. The system provides a multiple window environment for the high-resolution 2-D display of mathematical expressions, the ability to select and manipulate parts of expressions with a mouse, and graphics plotting of mathematical expressions. GI/S also provides command line editing and a history mechanism for editing and re-executing past commands. GI/S is written in Franz Lisp for the Macsyma system and has been implemented on the Tektronix 4404 workstation.
PROCESS MODELING FOCUSING ON BIM AND INTERDISCIPLINARY DESIGN RELATING TO STRUCTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) Industry is finding that “silo” barriers promote limitations within the community, as a result inhibiting effective and efficient collaboration even with the advent of new ways of thinking. The current industry, including the structural discipline, is not realizing how everything should fit together as one cohesive entity. Due to the lack of integrated design processes throughout the community, an Integrated Structural Process Model (ISPM) was chosen as a research focus for development. ISPM has the potential to be a tool to educate the community on the critical tasks and information exchanges needed by the structural discipline to provide the best product. This paper discusses the ongoing development of the ISPM model based on the critical components of the structural discipline and its place within the broader spectrum of the lifecycle process. The resulting ISPM is overarching in nature in that it is not material or systems specific, yet its scope is comprehensive because it encompasses a project from planning through construction with provisions for future expansion into facility management. The broad AEC impact resulting from the ISPM is that it will prescribe what other disciplines need and gives (information) to be conscious of when designing, fabricating, and/or constructing during model and non-model based tasks. This impact helps to promote full collaboration amongst the various AEC teams. Through the ongoing development of this model, industry practitioners with structural focus feel that the identification of major tasks and information exchanges used to create the best resultant product has direct benefit to them for planning to give the owner the best project results.
Climate Inferences from a Glaciological Reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene Wind River Ice Cap, Wind River Range, Wyoming

Abstract We reconstructed the former ice cap of the Wind River Range, Wyoming, using a glaciological model with scaled modern temperature and precipitation inputs to examine probable climate during the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (or Pinedale glaciation). A key result is that temperature anomalies of - 10 °C, -8.5 °C, -6.5 °C, and -5 °C must compensate respective precipitation values of 50%, 100%, 200%, and 300% that of modern in order for the maximum glacier system to attain equilibrium. In further sensitivity tests, we find that ice-cap area and volume shrink by 75% under a climate forcing 50% modern and 50% LGM. The glacier system disappears altogether in ∼100 years when subjected to sustained modern conditions. Our results are consistent with other interpretations of western U.S. LGM climate, and demonstrate that the Wind River Ice Cap could have disintegrated rapidly during the first phase of the termination. In future work we will simulate glacier-climate evolution as constrained by emerging 10...
Performance of lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio as a reflex test for documenting fetal lung maturity in late preterm and term fetuses.

Objective: To determine if infants delivered after immature or indeterminate TDx-FLM II testing and a mature reflex test are at increased risk for neonatal respiratory complications. Methods: The primary analysis compared neonatal respiratory morbidity (RDS or TTN) in 34–39-week fetuses delivered after either (i) mature TDx-FLM II testing, or (ii) indeterminate or immature TDx-FLM II and a positive reflex test (PG or L/S ratio). Results: Fifty patients delivered after mature TDx-FLM II, and 30 after immature or indeterminate TDx-FLM II with an L/S ≥2.0. Respiratory morbidity was significantly higher in the group delivered after mature reflex testing compared with mature TDx-FLM II (23% vs. 2%, p < 0.01). When PG was present, there were no cases of RDS or TTN. Conclusions: Utilizing L/S ratios as a reflex test to confirm lung maturity was associated with a high risk for respiratory morbidity, particularly when PG was not present.
Simulation study of multiple intelligent vehicle control using stochastic learning automata

This paper presents an intelligent controller for an automated vehicle planning its trajectory based on sensor and communication data received. The controller is designed using a stochastic learning automaton. Using the data received from on-board sensors, two automata are capable of learning the best possible actions to avoid collisions. Simulations for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal control of a vehicle using this method are encouraging.
Collaborative intelligence in knowledge based service planning

E-services are provided by several web-enabled companies. While some of them are competitive in nature, others are collaborative. There are few methodologies currently existing for measuring the value of e-collaboration among these e-service providers. The objective of this research is to measure collaborative intelligence (CI) in the knowledge based service (KBS) industry and to identify measures for finding the best collaborators during the formation and functioning stages of collaborative networks. The model developed in this research, CIMK (collaborative intelligence measure of KBS), measures CI by multi-objective optimization on parameters for collaboration, and suggests optimal operating points for various clients with greater flexibility. CIMK allows decision makers to customize the model based on their knowledge of the industry. Then, the CNOA (Collaborative Network Optimization Algorithm) is applied to select the best providers for requests based on their CI levels. CNOA has been implemented over a HUB-CI (HUB with CI) platform, which is a next generation collaboration support system developed at Purdue University. Three analytic experiments are designed and performed to validate the models (1) in terms of usability, (2) to compare the CIMK with alternative methods, and (3) to find the relative advantages of the CIMK model. The results of the experiments indicate that the average service cost can decrease by close to 50% when operating points with high CI, suggested by CIMK model, are implemented. The CI level computed by CIMK is successfully used as a decision parameter for on-going matching e-service providers to different requests.
Checkpoint Interval and System's Overall Quality for Message Logging-Based Rollback and Recovery in Distributed and Embedded Computing

In distributed environment, message logging based checkpointing and rollback recovery is a commonly used approach for providing distributed systems with fault tolerance and synchronized global states. Clearly, taking more frequent checkpointing reduces system recovery time in the presence of faults, and hence improves the system availability; however, more frequent checkpointing may also increase the probability for a task to miss its deadlines or prolong its execution time in faultfree scenarios. Hence, in distributed and real-time computing, the system’s overall quality must be measured by a set of aggregated criteria, such as availability, task execution time, and task deadline miss probability. In this paper, we take into account state synchronization costs in the checkpointing and rollback recovery scheme and quantitatively analyze the relationships between checkpoint intervals and these criteria. Based on the analytical results, we present an algorithm for finding an optimal checkpoint interval that maximizes system’s overall quality.
An airline tail routing algorithm for periodic schedules

This paper gives a tail routing algorithm that meets a flight schedule with a minimum number of aircraft. The flight segments are identical from period to period and form a partially ordered set. The algorithm takes advantage of the periodic nature of the schedule to reduce the problem size. For a domestic airline whose schedule is identical each week, one may solve two problems, each with a seven and one half day time horizon instead of one larger problem over the entire time horizon which may be several months.
Combined source-channel vector quantization using deterministic annealing

The authors present a new approach to combined source-channel vector quantization. The method, derived within information theory and probability theory, utilizes deterministic annealing to avoid some local minima that trap conventional descent algorithms such as the generalized Lloyd algorithm. The resulting vector quantizers satisfy the necessary conditions for local optimality for the noisy channel case. They tested the method against several versions of the noisy channel generalized Lloyd algorithm on stationary, first order Gauss-Markov sources with a binary symmetric channel. The method outperformed other methods under all test conditions, with the gains over noisy channel GLA growing with the codebook size. The quantizers designed using deterministic annealing are also shown to behave robustly under channel mismatch conditions. As a comparison with a separate source-channel system, over a large range of test channel conditions, the method outperformed a bandwidth-equivalent system incorporating a Hamming code. Also, for severe channel conditions, the method produces solutions with explicit error control coding. >
Jane Tennison and the Feminist Police Procedural

This article presents an analysis of Prime Suspect, a public television film about detective chief inspector Jane Tennison. The authors focus on the film's images of gender, work, and justice and reveal several progressive feminist tendencies. The film portrays the problems and achievements of a woman in a predominantly male field. The film conveys the obstacles described by scholars that confront policewomen. It provides a critical view of how men officers investigate crimes of violence against women. Even so, Prime Suspect presents several unresolved ambiguities about working women generally and about those who work in traditionally male occupations such as policing.
Color-vision mechanisms in the peripheral retinas of normal and dichromatic observers

It is possible that so-called normal trichromatic vision occurs only between the central blue-blind fixation area and about 30° peripherally. Beyond about 30° vision has been alleged to become dichromatic (red-green blind), and beyond about 60°, monochromatic. Hence every form of color blindness may characterize various zones of the normal retina. We have studied mechanisms of peripheral color vision, mainly by measuring the spectral sensitivities of the blue-, green-, and red-sensitive systems, isolated by differential color adaptation. In normal observers the sensitivity of the blue-mechanism falls off about 2 log units by 80° out. The green- and red-sensitive systems decline only about 0.7 log unit over the same range. Protanopes, deuteranopes, and tritanopes exhibit comparable changes. We have not found any color mechanism present centrally to be wholly lost peripherally. Nor, for dichromats, have we found any mechanism missing centrally to be present peripherally. Whatever evidences of peripheral color blindness have been observed appear to involve other mechanisms than failure of receptors, probably including some fusion of neural pathways from receptors to centers.
On the Meaning, Measurement, and Implications of Racial Resentment

A new racism, it is claimed, has become a dominant feature of contemporary American politics. According to the theory’s originators, the new racism has largely replaced the old racism, which was based on the alleged biological inferiority of blacks. The new racism, referred to as “symbolic racism” or, more recently, “racial resentment,” by contrast, is defined as a conjunction of anti-black feelings and American moral traditionalism. According to its proponents, this new racism now structures and dominates the racial thinking of whites generally. Howard Schuman has suggested, however, that the index used to measure racial resentment may be fundamentally flawed because it may be conflated with the measurement of attitudes toward racial policies. The authors’ analysis supports Schuman’s suggestion. They conclude that racial resentment is not a valid measure of racism, which raises questions about the extent to which a new racism now dominates the thinking of white Americans.
Evaluating the impact of a minimally invasive pediatric surgeon on hospital practice: comparison of two children's hospitals.

Widespread adoption of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques in pediatric surgery has progressed slowly, and the shift in practice patterns has been variable among surgeons. We hypothesized that a pediatric surgeon committed to MIS could effectively change surgical practice by creating an emphasis on MIS. Annual case volumes from 2000 to 2009 at two tertiary care pediatric hospitals, one with a dedicated minimally invasive pediatric surgeon, were evaluated for trends in MIS for ten different operations. Univariate analyses of the differences between hospitals in the use of the open versus laparoscopic approach were performed. The Breslow–Day test was used to examine differences in use of laparoscopic procedures across hospitals in early versus middle and middle versus late time periods. Between the two hospitals, for 9 of the 10 types of surgery, the number of laparoscopic and open procedures differed significantly (p values ranged from <0.0001 to 0.003). Over the 10-year period, the hospital with a dedicated MIS surgeon had a larger proportion of procedures done laparoscopically for all years. This difference reached statistical significance for appendectomy (p < 0.0001), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (p < 0.0002), chest wall reconstruction (p < 0.0001), cholecystectomy (p = <0.0001), gastrostomy (p < 0.0001), nissen fundoplication (p < 0.0001) oophorectomy (p < 0.0001), pyloromyotomy (p < 0.0001) and splenectomy (p = 0.0006). After grouping the years into early (2000–2003), middle (2004–2006) and late (2007–2009) categories, the hospital with a dedicated MIS surgeon had a significantly higher rate of increase in use of laparoscopic surgery between the early and middle years for four procedures: diaphragmatic hernia repair (p = 0.003), chest wall reconstruction (p = 0.0086), cholecystectomy (0.0083) and endorectal pull-through (p = 0.025). The presence of a dedicated minimally invasive pediatric surgeon led to a significant change in surgical practice with an overall trend of increasing MIS several years in advance of a hospital that did not have a dedicated MIS surgeon. This has implications for resident training in academic medical centers and potential patient care outcomes.
Potential value of electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram for non-invasive blood pressure estimation during exercise

Blood pressure (BP) monitoring is required to ensure safety of home-based exercise in seniors. Pulse transit time (PTT) defined as the time it takes a pulse wave to travel between two arterial sites is considered to be inversely proportional to BP. Different approaches have been described to calculate PTT using photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) however it is not clear which approach produces better BP estimates. The purpose of this study was to compare potential value of different approaches for calculating PTT and other derivatives of PPG and ECG described in the literature for assessing BP during exercise. Three calibration points were collected from five study participants at different levels of exertion on three different days. A high precision automated BP monitor was used to obtain reference BP. A correlation matrix between PPG/ECG derivatives and the reference BP values was analyzed. Based on the bivariate correlation analysis, PPG/ECG derivatives that demonstrated the most prominent association with reference BP were identified. The results of the study confirmed the value of individualized calibration for BP estimation using PTT and identified optimal means to derive it from PPG and ECG.
The effect of protein source on the growth promoting action of soybean oil, and the effect of glycerine in a low fat diet.

Abstract THE GROWTH promoting effect of the addition of unsaturated fats to low fat diets for chicks has been demonstrated with diets based on isolated soybean protein and glucose by Rand et al. (1958) and Dam et al. (1959). However, Bieri et al. (1956) reported that there was no growth response at 4 weeks of age to the addition of 4% corn oil to a low fat diet based on casein, gelatin and glucose. The following study was conducted to determine the effect of protein source on the growth promoting action of soybean oil. EXPERIMENTAL Day old White Plymouth Rock chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery were randomly distributed, and housed in battery brooders with raised wire floors and thermostatically controlled electric heaters. Duplicate lots of 10 male chicks were used per treatment. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Purified low fat diets were prepared with isolated soybean protein, fillet …
Demand or request: Will load behave?

Power planning engineers are trained to design an electric system that satisfies predicted electrical demand under stringent conditions of availability and power quality. Like responsible custodians, we plan for the provision of electrical sustenance and shelter to those in whose care regulators have given us the responsibility to serve. Though most customers accept this nurturing gladly, a growing number are concerned with the economic costs and environmental impacts of service at a time when technology (particularly distributed generation, storage, automation, and information networks) offers alternatives for localized control and competitive service. As customers' and their systems mature, a new relationship with the electricity provider is emerging. Demand response is perhaps the first unsteady step where the customer participates as a partner in system operations. This paper explores issues system planners need to consider as demand response matures to significant levels beyond direct load control and toward a situation where service is requested and bargains are reached with the electricity provider based on desired load behavior. On one hand, predicting load growth and behavior appears more daunting than ever. On the other, for the first time load becomes a new resource whose behavior can be influenced during system operations to balance system conditions.
Generation of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection and Disease

ABSTRACT The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Middle East since 2012 has caused more than 900 human infections with ∼40% mortality to date. Animal models are needed for studying pathogenesis and for development of preventive and therapeutic agents against MERS-CoV infection. Nonhuman primates (rhesus macaques and marmosets) are expensive models of limited availability. Although a mouse lung infection model has been described using adenovirus vectors expressing human CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), it is believed that a transgenic mouse model is needed for MERS-CoV research. We have developed this transgenic mouse model as indicated in this study. We show that transgenic mice globally expressing hCD26/DPP4 were fully permissive to MERS-CoV infection, resulting in relentless weight loss and death within days postinfection. High infectious virus titers were recovered primarily from the lungs and brains of mice at 2 and 4 days postinfection, respectively, whereas viral RNAs were also detected in the heart, spleen, and intestine, indicating a disseminating viral infection. Infected Tg + mice developed a progressive pneumonia, characterized by extensive inflammatory infiltration. In contrast, an inconsistent mild perivascular cuffing was the only pathological change associated with the infected brains. Moreover, infected Tg + mice were able to activate genes encoding for many antiviral and inflammatory mediators within the lungs and brains, coinciding with the high levels of viral replication. This new and unique transgenic mouse model will be useful for furthering knowledge of MERS pathogenesis and for the development of vaccine and treatments against MERS-CoV infection. IMPORTANCE Small and economical animal models are required for the controlled and extensive studies needed for elucidating pathogenesis and development of vaccines and antivirals against MERS. Mice are the most desirable small-animal species for this purpose because of availability and the existence of a thorough knowledge base, particularly of genetics and immunology. The standard small animals, mice, hamsters, and ferrets, all lack the functional MERS-CoV receptor and are not susceptible to infection. So, initial studies were done with nonhuman primates, expensive models of limited availability. A mouse lung infection model was described where a mouse adenovirus was used to transfect lung cells for receptor expression. Nevertheless, all generally agree that a transgenic mouse model expressing the DPP4 receptor is needed for MERS-CoV research. We have developed this transgenic mouse model as indicated in this study. This new and unique transgenic mouse model will be useful for furthering MERS research.
Remembering the Romanian Anti-Communist Armed Resistance: An Analysis of Local Lived Experience

The anti-communist armed resistance that occurred as a disparate and heterogeneous movement in Romania from 1944 until 1962 became a highly politicized topic after 1989. Some interpreted this history as an element of the national resistance against Soviet occupation and the ensuing forced communization. Others demonized the partisans (or at least minimized their role) and presented them as outlaws, fascists, and criminals. This essay analyzes the armed resistance and its place within the politics of memory from three interrelated perspectives: 1) as lived experience in the context of post-World War II emergence of communism; 2) it takes a concretely localized perspective; and 3) analyzes these lived experiences as they have been presented in autobiographical accounts heavily influenced by post-1989 anti-communist rhetoric. The article concludes that multiple histories of repression and resistance have so far tended to be incorporated in a master narrative and argues that an approach emphasizing localized lived experience may offer an alternative interpretative framework.
Eye Glance Analysis of the Surrogate Tests for Driver Distraction

The purpose of this study was to examine the eye glance patterns of Detection Response Tasks (DRTs) for assessment of driver distraction during simulated driving. Several types of DRTs across visual, tactile and haptic modalities were used to investigate driver distraction by the ISO Driving Distraction working group. As part of the working group, we conducted a simulated driving study examining driver performance while engaging the primary driving task with visual-manual or auditory-verbal secondary tasks. Results of eye glance analysis showed that the visual DRTs increased visual load in driving more than the tactile DRT. Subsequently, the visual DRTs marginally increased the total glance time for forward view by 6.27 seconds and significantly increased the detection response time by 135.79 ms than the tactile DRT. As for the secondary tasks, the visual-manual secondary task yielded significantly longer total eye-offthe-road time (effect size = 50.75 ms), as well as DRT response times than the auditory-verbal ones time (effect size = 55.85 ms). This study allowed us to examine the relationships between rated situational awareness, DRT performance, and glance patterns, yielding insights into the relationship between objective task performance measures and subjective ratings.
Asymptotics for p-value based threshold estimation under repeated measurements

Abstract We investigate the large sample behavior of a p -value based procedure for estimating the threshold level at which a regression function takes off from its baseline value, a problem arising in dose–response studies, engineering and other related fields. We study the procedure under the “repeated measurement” setting, where several responses can be obtained at each covariate-level. The estimator is constructed via fitting a “stump” function to approximate p -values that test for deviation of the regression function from its baseline level. The smoothness of the regression function in the vicinity of the threshold determines the best possible rate of convergence using our method: a “cusp” of order k at the threshold yields a rate of N − 1 / ( 2 k + 1 ) , where N is the size/budget of the problem (total number of responses across all values of covariates). The asymptotic distribution of the normalized estimator is shown to be the minimizer of a generalized compound Poisson process and confidence intervals based on this distribution are proposed. The method is illustrated on simulations and an application to data from a complex queuing system is presented.
Misfit Strain Driven Phase Transformations in Epitaxial Barium Strontium Titanate Films

We develop phase diagrams for single domain epitaxial barium strontium titanate films on cubic substrates as a function of the misfit strain based on a Landau-Devonshire phenomenological model similar to the one developed by Pertsev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1988 (1998)]. Unusual ferroelectric phases that are not possible in single crystals and bulk ceramics are demonstrated in epitaxially constrained BST films. The misfit strain is correlated with the film thickness quantitatively by taking into account the formation of misfit dislocations that relieve epitaxial stresses during deposition. Theoretical estimation of the dielectric constant of (001) Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 and Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 films grown on Si, MgO, LaAlO3, and SrTiO3 substrates as a function of film thickness is provided. It is shown that the selection of the substrate and the film thickness can be chosen as design parameters to manipulate the internal stress level in the film to achieve enhanced dielectric response.
A Video Bioinformatics Method to Quantify Cell Spreading and Its Application to Cells Treated with Rho-Associated Protein Kinase and Blebbistatin

Commercial software is available for performing video bioinformatics analysis on cultured cells. Such software is convenient and can often be used to create suitable protocols for quantitative analysis of video data with relatively little background in image processing. This chapter demonstrates that CL-Quant software, a commercial program produced by DRVision, can be used to automatically analyze cell spreading in time-lapse videos of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Two cell spreading protocols were developed and tested. One was professionally created by engineers at DRVision and adapted to this project. The other was created by an undergraduate student with 1 month of experience using CL-Quant. Both protocols successfully segmented small spreading colonies of hESC, and, in general, were in good agreement with the ground-truth which was measured using ImageJ. Overall the professional protocol performed better segmentation, while the user-generated protocol demonstrated that someone who had relatively little background with CL-Quant can successfully create protocols. The protocols were applied to hESC that had been treated with ROCK inhibitors or blebbistatin, which tend to cause rapid attachment and spreading of hESC colonies. All treatments enabled hESC to attach rapidly. Cells treated with the ROCK inhibitors or blebbistatin spread more than controls and often looked stressed. The use of the spreading analysis protocol can provide a very rapid method to evaluate the cytotoxicity of chemical treatment and reveal effects on the cytoskeleton of the cell. While hESC are presented in this chapter, other cell types could also be used in conjunction with the spreading protocol.
The Magnetic Attitude Control System for the Parkinson Satellite (PSAT) A US Naval Academy Designed CubeSat

The Parkinson Satellite is a CubeSat being built by students of the United States Naval Academy. The purpose of the mission is to serve as a dedicated satellite transponder for the relay of remote environmental sensor and other low duty-cycle data to the internet via a global network of volunteer ground stations. The transponder operates in the Amateur Satellite Service to encourage cooperation from students, educators and experimenters around the world. The attitude control system consists of a three axis magnetometer, a suite of coarse sun sensors, and three orthogonal coils to provide a magnetic dipole. There are three modes of operation, one will be to control excess rotation rates and establish a spin. The other two modes will maneuver to and maintain a sun pointing orientation to within 40 degrees. If successful, the Parkinson Satellite will be the first actively controlled spacecraft built by the Naval Academy.
Leaky gut – concept or clinical entity?

Purpose of reviewThis article evaluates the current status of the gut barrier in gastrointestinal disorders.Recent findingsThe gut barrier is a complex, multicomponent, interactive, and bidirectional entity that includes, but is not restricted to the epithelial cell layer. Intestinal permeability, t
Smartphone Data in Rheumatoid Arthritis - What Do Rheumatologists Want?

Objective To create a relevant and clinically informative visualization of passively collected patient mobility data from smartphones of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients for rheumatologists. Methods (1) Pilot analysis of smartphone mobility data in RA; (2) Assessment of rheumatologists' needs for patient data through semi-structured interviews; and (3) Evaluation of the visual format of the RA data using scenario-based usability methods. Results We created a color-scale mobility index superimposed on a calendar to summarize the passive mobility measures from the smartphone that the rheumatologists confirmed would be clinically relevant. Conclusion This assessment of clinician data needs and preferences demonstrates the potential value of passively collected smartphone data to resolve an important data question in RA. Efforts such as these are necessary to ensure that any smartphone data that patients share with their doctors will not exacerbate clinician information overload, but actually facilitate clinical decisions.
An investigation of bone density among children aged over 5years old in Shenyang city

Objective To investigate change trend of bone density among children aged over 5 years old in Shenyang city and to determine a normal reference range of bone density of children in the city.Methods The healthy children and teenagers aged 5~15 years old who came to our Child Health Clinic for routine physical examination from 2003 to 2007 were selected as study subjects.Dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DPX-NT,LUNAR Co.ltd,US) was applied to detect bone density of the children and teenagers.Results In each age group,bone density was correlated positively with age(r=0.997,P0.001) and height(r=0.983,P0.001) of the children.In prepuberal phase(8~12 years old),there was significant difference in bone density between the two gender groups(P0.01).Conclusion Bone density is affected by age and gender.It can be regarded as judgment index of calcium nutrition during the childhood.
Effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on Programmed Death-1 Expression in Monocytes of Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Objective To research the immune regulation of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression in monocytes of hepatitis C virus-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas (HCV-NHL). Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy persons, patients with HCV infection and HCV-NHL patients. The PBMCs were cultured in vitro and stimulated. The flow cytometry was used to analyze the ratio of CD14+PD-1+/CD14+ in the healthy persons, patients with HCV infection and HCV-NHL patients. The ratio of CD14+PD-1+/CD14+ was analyzed in HCV-NHL patients after adding DG in the PBMCs and intervention with positive control HCV core antigen as compared with HCV-NHL blank control as well. Results Comparing with the healthy persons, the ratio of CD14+PD-1+/CD14+ in patients with HCV infection and HCV-NHL patients was significantly increased (P0.05), especially in HCV-NHL patients (P0.05). Comparing with the HCV-NHL blank control, the ratio of CD14+PD-1+/CD14+ in the HCV-NHL+HCV core antigen group was significantly increased (P0.05). But the ratio of CD14+PD-1+/CD14+ in the HCV-NHL+DG group was significantly decreased as compared with the HCV-NHL+HCV core antigen group (P0.05). Conclusion The activation of PD pathway obviously increases in HCV-NHL patients as compared with patients with HCV infection. DG can decrease the high expression of PD-1+ in HCV-NHL patients.
Atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of pollens and semi‐quantification of flavonoid fingerprints

RATIONALE From allergies to plant reproduction, pollens have important impacts on the health of human and plant populations, yet identification of pollen grains remains difficult and time-consuming. Low-volatility flavonoids generated from pollens cannot be easily characterized and quantified with current analytical techniques. METHODS Here we present the novel use of atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) for the characterization of flavonoids in pollens. Flavonoid patterns were generated for pollens collected from different plant types (trees and bushes) in addition to bee pollens from distinct geographic regions. Standard flavonoids (kaempferol and rhamnazin) and those produced from pollens were compared and assessed with ASAP-MS using low-energy collision MS/MS. Results for a semi-quantitative method for assessing the amount of a flavonoid in pollens are also presented. RESULTS Flavonoid patterns for pollen samples were distinct with variability in the number and relative abundance of flavonoids in each sample. Pollens contained 2-5 flavonoids, and all but Kochia scoparia contained kaempferol or kaempferol isomers. We establish this method as a reliable and applicable technique for analyzing low-volatility compounds with minimal sample preparation. Standard curves were generated using 0.2-5 μg of kaempferol; from these experiments, it was estimated that there is approximately 2 mg of kaempferol present in 1 g of P. nigra italica pollen. CONCLUSIONS Pollens can be characterized with a simple flavonoid pattern rather than analyzing the whole product pattern or the products-temperature profiles. ASAP-MS is a rapid analytical technique that can be used to distinguish between plant pollens and between bee pollens originating from different regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Entrepreneurial Motivations on Strategic Business Decisions

This project analyzes the relationship between motivations to engage in the entrepreneurial process and business decisions made regarding the business strategy, focuses on production versus focus on market and marketing function. We also take into consideration the potential for differences in strategic decisions due to influences from the entrepreneurs’ previous industry experience and due to gender differences.
Ice Stream Troughs and Variety of Cenozoic Seismic Stratigraphic Architecture From a High Southern Latitude Section: Ross Sea Antarctica

This series of figures illustrates the significance of gaining a better understanding of the seismic stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy of depositional units in the Ross Sea. Bartek et al., [1991] present Neogene shelf margin aggradation and progradation patterns that appear to be eustatically driven. Comparison to the Hag et al. [1987] Cenozoic sea level chart suggests that waxing and waning of Antarctic ice sheets appears to be synchronous with these eustatic events. We are currently working on refining the coarse chronostratigraphy that currently exists in the Ross Sea (numbered units 1–13 Anderson and Bartek [1992]). We have also identified a number of seismic facies that appear to represent a broad spectrum of glacial regimes ranging from interglacial to temperate glacial to perhaps polar glacial. However, a problem in this area is that, although there are more than 14,000 km of high to intermediate resolution seismic data, very few cores penetrate this material and so many of our interpretations must remain tentative and speculative. It is also interesting to note that some of the features we observe have not been reported in the literature from other locales so there is little basis for comparison.
Conditioning of Autonomic Functions, Schizokinesis, and Psychosomatic Medicine

In Pavlovian conditioning experiments with aversive reinforcement, the animal is faced with a no-solution problem and thus cannot achieve a consummatory response. Gantt reported that in dogs, classical cardiac conditioning (to aversive stimuli) occurs more rapidly and extinction occurs more slowly than conditional motor defense responses. He referred to this phenomenon as schizokinesis. Such somatovisceral dichotomy was observed by us in regard to many other conditional visceral reactions, particularly in certain breeds of dogs. Some dogs (e.g., wirehair fox terriers, border collies, German shepherds, cocker spaniels, and some mongrels) exhibited highly generalized, almost inextinguishable conditional tachycardia, polypnea, profuse salivation, high energy metabolism, high urinary vasopressin and catecholamines, and increased muscle tension. Other dogs (most beagles and other hounds and some mongrels) exhibited very little or only temporary schizokinesis. We postulate that individuals exhibiting marked and persistent schizokinesis may be considered at risk for developing psychosomatic disorders. Suggestions for possible prophylactic therapeutic interventions will be discussed.
Can incidental sighting data be used to elucidate habitat preferences and areas of suitable habitat for a cryptic species

The involvement of communities in ecological studies has been shown to augment conservation efforts, especially for cryptic species. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the utility of incidental sighting records from community members in gaining knowledge on habitat preferences and distribution of suitable habitat for these organisms. This study compares preferences of the Lumholtz's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi; LTK), a cryptic rainforest folivore in northeastern Australia, for various habitat and climatic variables derived from data collected during scientific projects to those derived from incidental sighting records using ArcGIS and Maxent. Incidental sighting records suggest that the species uses a wider range of altitudes, annual rainfalls, annual mean temperatures and vegetation types than predicted by scientific studies. Incidental records also show that the species can persist in areas of lower rainfall during the wettest month and lower minimum temperature during the coldest month. Both data place the species within a comparable range of rainfalls during the driest month, maximum temperatures of the warmest month and soil types. When using identified preferences to assess the extent and distribution of suitable habitat, incidental records predicted more areas of suitable habitat than scientific records with an overlap of up to 91% between them. The present study proves that incidental sighting records can be a valuable part of the study of cryptic species and should be considered complementarily alongside scientific studies to obtain comprehensive ecological information of a species that can assist in its conservation.
Extension Education with Marketing Firms: An Analysis of the Future

HIS paper assumes that Extension will continue to be actively involved in educational programs for agricultural-marketing firms and hence focuses primary attention on the needed direction and nature of such programs. Whether, in fact, Extension "should" conduct programs for marketing-firm clientele has been actively discussed for several years.? Indeed this appears to be a somewhat irrelevant question if we recognize the following facts: -Most if not all states are at least to some extent conducting educational programs for agricultural-marketing firms, and the future promises more, not less, emphasis in this area. -Administrators in general appear to recognize the merits of this involvement, if for no other reason than the envisioned future support by marketing-firm personnel. Indeed, some Extension administrators have moved far beyond the confines of agriculture in their concept of Extension's future.2 -Funds are available to support these programs. -The opportunities for continued or expanded programs in this area are evidenced by the demands for and contribution of effective Extension workers.
Judging personal values and personality traits: Accuracy and its relation to visibility

Abstract Personality judgment research typically focuses on traits, and visibility of traits often predicts judgmental accuracy. However, visibility and accuracy of values are not well-explored. It was predicted that visibility and accuracy would be positively related, and values would be judged more accurately than traits. In groups of 3 acquaintances, 204 undergraduates completed self-report measures of traits and values, and other-reports of acquaintances. A separate sample of 247 participants assessed visibility. Values were rated as more visible than traits, but traits were judged more accurately than values. Correlations between visibility and item-level accuracy for both values and traits were small and non-significant. The ease with which people think values and traits can be judged may differ from the accuracy of judgments.
Case Study 18. Neanderthals in the Mirror: Imagining our Relatives

Anyone who views hominin fossils has a desire to see them fleshed out. What did extinct species look like? How did they behave? Anthropologists and artists who try to answer these questions for us need quite a bit of license for their imagination, and often the results tell as much about modern humans as they do prehistoric ones. Of the extinct species, Neanderthals have been known and imagined the longest and have experienced the greatest number changes in their image. For the first half of the twentieth century, they were seen as primitive brutes next to civilized Cro-Magnon people. That image improved as perception of human nature took a turn for the worse. A new, humanized understanding of Neanderthals coincided with remarkable discoveries at Shanidar Cave.
An Odd Ladder to Climb: Socioeconomic Differences Across Levels of Subjective Social Status

Subjective social status (SSS), a promising measure of social class or standing, is linked robustly to diverse indicators of mental and physical well-being. However, the processes behind SSS remain poorly understood. Socioeconomic status (SES; e.g., education, income, or occupation) is among the strongest predictors of SSS, but when and how much does SES matter for understanding differences between given SSS ranks? Drawing on multiple years of national US data (2010–2014 General Social Survey), I show that a quartic form closely describes relationships between SSS and SES: namely, education, income and occupational attainment increase at the bottom of the SSS ladder (between rungs 1–2 and 3) and before the top (between rungs 5–8), increase more modestly (“plateau”) across other ranks, and decrease markedly at the very top (across rungs 9–10). Auxiliary data on wealth accumulation among older Americans (2005 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States; MIDUS) replicate the quartic form for education and occupation while also suggesting that high personal net worth (e.g., millionaire status) may help to explain why individuals assign themselves to the very top of the ladder despite holding less education, income or occupational prestige relative to others who rank just below. Additional multinomial analyses showed how probabilities of occupying specific rungs of the SSS ladder shift across levels of SES, confirming that the very top of the ladder is more responsive to gains in personal net worth than to traditional SES measures.
Spectrometric techniques for elemental profile analysis associated with bitter pit in apples

Abstract Bitter pit and healthy ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Granny Smith’ apples were collected from three commercial orchards. Apples were scanned using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers to associate the elemental profile with bitter pit occurrence in apples. The FTIR spectra were acquired from apple peel and flesh; while XRF spectra were acquired from the apple surface (peel). Destructive elemental analysis was also performed to estimate calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentrations in the apples. There were significant differences between healthy and bitter pit affected apples in calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentrations, in addition to magnesium/calcium and potassium/calcium ratios (5% level of significance). Peak analysis of FTIR spectra of prepared standards indicated the possible spectral regions associated with calcium content as 1150–1450 cm−1. Two different classification models (support vector machine, SVM and soft independent modeling of class analogy, SIMCA) were used to classify healthy and bitter pit affected apples using FTIR spectral signatures. FTIR spectra were able to predict bitter pit incidence in apples with higher classification accuracy using peel tissue (92%) than using flesh tissue with SVM model. The XRF technique could determine bitter pit incidence in apples and semi-quantitative analysis using XRF data was in agreement with the elemental analysis. FTIR and XRF spectrometric techniques are rapid methods that can be used for elemental profile analysis in apples. These techniques can serve as potential prediction tools for elemental profile analysis to detect bitter pit in apples.
DNA on Trial

Law and medicine are arenas in which critical challenges to conceptions of choice and free will are raised. Genes influencing impulsivity and the decipherment of gene by environment interactions contributing to behavior sharpen the discussion. Identification of neurogenetic factors leading to diminished capacity informs but does not contravene the conception of free will based on neurogenetic individuality.