cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A descriptive report of bleeding complications secondary to warfarin therapy

PurposeThis study identified factors that contributed to bleeding complications associated with warfarin therapy that were documented as adverse drug reactions (ADRs).MethodsA retrospective chart r...
The role of 11-deoxycorticosterone in human hypertension.

1. Using a newly developed and validated radio-assay method, we have measured plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone concentrations in a wide spectrum of human hypertensive states. 2. Patients with essential and renovascular hypertension have normal plasma concentrations of 11-deoxycorticosterone. 3. Elevated concentrations are seen in some patients with primary aldosteronism, Cushing9s syndrome, low-renin hypertension, and in adult hypertensive subjects with elevated urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion. 4. An aetiological role for deoxycorticosterone in certain forms of human hypertension appears likely.
PERFECT PROJECTORS AND PERFECT INJECTORS

This chapter describes the perfect projectors and perfect injectors. It is assumed that R and S are rings and R m and S m are the categories of all left R -modules and left S -modules, respectively. An ( R, S ) adjoint triple is a triple of additive functors. It is shown that a triple of functors ( G, F, H ) is an ( R, S ) adjoint triple if there is bimodule gPR with PR finitely generated and projective such that F, G, H are naturally equivalent to the functors. It is found that when F p is an equivalence, it preserves all categorical properties. In the more general setting, much of the structure may be lost in passing from R m to S m through F p . An epimorphism f: B → D is minimal if for any homomorphism g : B ′ → B ; if g 0 f is an epimorphism, then g is an epimorphism.
Phase II Study of Forodesine, a PNP Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Background: Forodesine is a potent, rationally designed purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor that has shown activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although the drug was thought to be most active in T-cell malignancies, preclinical data and results of a phase I/II trial showed clinical activity in B-lineage ALL (B-ALL). Methods: Twelve patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL were enrolled (median age of 10 adults, 48.5 yr; median age of 2 children, 10 yr). Three patients had relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and 9 patients relapsed after a median of two prior regimens. The patients were treated with a 30-minute infusion of forodesine, 80 mg/m2 for 5 days/wk for a 4-week period. If the patient showed clinical improvement at 4 weeks, the drug was continued for additional cycles. Results: Two of 12 patients achieved a complete response. One of these patients had relapsed after allogeneic BMT and restored complete donor chimerism after 16 weeks of forodesine treatment. As restoration of donor chimerism was achieved, the patient developed hepatic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and was treated simultaneously with dexamethasone beginning at 4 weeks; this was tapered off and restarted when GVHD again worsened. The second patient failed one prior regimen and had no leukemic blasts in the bone marrow after 4 weeks of treatment. Both these patients continue to receive therapy (5+ and 2+ months respectively). There were no patients with a partial response. Four patients presented with high white blood cell (WBC) counts; each demonstrated an initial decrease in WBCs without an increase in neutrophils while they were receiving forodesine but then developed persistent pancytopenia with residual bone marrow disease at 4 weeks. Dexamethasone was added to the treatment of 3 nonresponders, with no clinical benefit. Three patients with Ph+ B-ALL were treated on the study. Two rapidly progressed on the medication and were taken off the study before the end of 2 weeks; one had persistent pancytopenia and bone pain with residual marrow disease at 4 weeks and was taken off the study. Adverse events included increases in liver transaminase (grade ≥ 2, 2 patients) and alkaline phosphatase levels (grade 2,3, 2 patients), hyperkalemia (grade 2,3, 2 patients), and hypomagnesemia (grade 1, 1 patient). Two patients with increased liver transaminase levels underwent liver biopsies: 1 showed leukemic infiltration and the other GVHD. Patient accrual continues for this study. Conclusions: Forodesine is a safe, well-tolerated drug with preliminary evidence of activity as a single agent in B-ALL.
CAN1 Arginine Permease Deficiency Extends Yeast Replicative Lifespan via Translational Activation of Stress Response Genes

Transcriptional regulation plays an important role in the control of gene expression during aging. However, translation efficiency likely plays an equally important role in determining protein abundance, but it has been relatively understudied in this context. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling to investigate the role of translational regulation in lifespan extension by CAN1 gene deletion in yeast. Through comparison of the transcriptional and translational changes in cells lacking CAN1 with other long-lived mutants, we were able to identify critical regulatory factors, including transcription factors and mRNA-binding proteins, that coordinate transcriptional and translational responses. Together, our data support a model in which deletion of CAN1 extends replicative lifespan through increased translation of proteins that facilitate cellular response to stress. This study extends our understanding of the importance of translational control in regulating stress resistance and longevity.
Global Cardiovascular Health: A Role for the Interventionalist.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Global health partnerships emphasizing training and sustainability have begun to emerge in an effort to stem the tide of CVD [(1)][1]. As has been described by other fellows-in-training (FITs
Y-Balance Test Performance Following a Competitive Field Hockey Season: A Pretest-Posttest Study.

Context: The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is a dynamic balance assessment used as a preseason musculoskeletal screen to determine injury risk. While the YBT has demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, it is unknown if YBT performance changes following participation in a competitive athletic season. Objective: Determine if a competitive athletic season affects YBT performance in field hockey players. Design: Pretest-posttest. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 20 NCAA Division I women's field hockey players (age = 19.55 ± 1.30 y; height = 165.10 ± 5.277 cm; mass = 62.62 ± 4.64 kg) from a single team volunteered. Participants had to be free from injury throughout the entire study and participate in all athletic activities. Interventions: Participants completed data collection sessions prior to (preseason) and following the athletic season (postseason). Between data collections, participants competed in the fall competitive field hockey season, which was ~3 months in duration. During data collection, partici...
Do Tax Incentives Affect Business Location? Evidence from Motion Picture Production Incentives

I provide the first estimates of the impacts of recently-popular motion picture production incentives on filming location, establishment location, and employment using panel regression. Filming in this industry is relatively footloose, and these incentives are numerous and strong, so this is a good case study to bound the effects of tax incentives on business location. For data, I compile a detailed database of incentives across U.S. states since 2012, matching this with filming data from IMDb.com and Studio System, and establishment and employment counts from the QCEW. I compare these outcomes in states before and after they adopt incentives, relative to similar states that did not adopt incentives over the same time period (a panel difference-in-differences). I find that incentives increase filming of IMDb productions and Studio System TV series, but there is no effect on Studio System feature films or business establishments in the industry. I find evidence of employment effects but this evidence is generally marginally significant and not of a large magnitude. These results show that the ability for tax incentives to affect business location decisions is mixed, suggesting that even in this extreme 'footloose' case there could be no effect of incentives.
Racial Discrimination, Binge Drinking, and Negative Drinking Consequences among Black College Students: Serial Mediation by Depressive Symptoms and Coping Motives

Objectives: Experiences of racial discrimination have been associated with diverse negative health outcomes among racial minorities. However, extant findings of the association between racial discr...
Viral Vector Delivery to Dividing Cells

Recent progress in stem cell research and developmental neurobiology opens up possibilities of stem cell-based replacement therapies for neurological disorders. Embryonic and adult stem cells of all kinds have been derived from various mammalian species, and extensive efforts have been made to uncover the secrets of “sternness” (self-renewal and multipotency). Viral vector-mediated gene delivery is a powerful technique that would facilitate basic stem cell biology research, as well as the development of stem cell-based therapeutics. In this chapter, five of the most popular viral vector systems are briefly reviewed and potential applications of herpes simplex virus amplicon vectors for stem cell research are discussed.
Bird specimens track 135 years of atmospheric black carbon and environmental policy

Atmospheric black carbon has long been recognized as a public health and environmental concern. More recently, black carbon has been identified as a major, ongoing contributor to anthropogenic climate change, thus making historical emission inventories of black carbon an essential tool for assessing past climate sensitivity and modeling future climate scenarios. Current estimates of black carbon emissions for the early industrial era have high uncertainty, however, because direct environmental sampling is sparse before the mid-1950s. Using photometric reflectance data of >1,300 bird specimens drawn from natural history collections, we track relative ambient concentrations of atmospheric black carbon between 1880 and 2015 within the US Manufacturing Belt, a region historically reliant on coal and dense with industry. Our data show that black carbon levels within the region peaked during the first decade of the 20th century. Following this peak, black carbon levels were positively correlated with coal consumption through midcentury, after which they decoupled, with black carbon concentrations declining as consumption continued to rise. The precipitous drop in atmospheric black carbon at midcentury reflects policies promoting burning efficiency and fuel transitions rather than regulating emissions alone. Our findings suggest that current emission inventories based on predictive modeling underestimate levels of atmospheric black carbon for the early industrial era, suggesting that the contribution of black carbon to past climate forcing may also be underestimated. These findings build toward a spatially dynamic emission inventory of black carbon based on direct environmental sampling.
Women's empowerment in India: assessment of women's confidence before and after training as a lay provider

Abstract Background Gender is the main social determinant of health in India and affects women's health outcomes even before birth. As women mature into adulthood, lack of education and empowerment increases health inequities, acting as a barrier to seeking medical care and to making medical choices. Although the process of women's empowerment is complex to measure, one indicator is confidence in ability. We sought to increase the confidence of rural Indian women in their abilities by training them as health-care providers for their community. Methods Our partner organisation selected women through an application process requiring (1) 1 year experience as community health facilitators and (2) availability to travel and participate in a lay provider programme. Women educated to primary school level were trained by adapting an application-based curriculum previously successful in training secondary-school graduates in Haiti. We adapted the curriculum to suit the gendered context and cultivate the following skills: (1) public speaking (each woman had to teach her small group a portion of the curriculum); (2) leadership (each woman led a large group discussion on the topic); and (3) autonomy and decision making (each woman had to care for several simulated patients, making decisions about diagnosis, treatment, and transportation, and simulating a phone call to an urban doctor laying out her plan for the patient). An 11-question survey assessing confidence as care providers was administered before and after the course. Answer choices varied from “not confident” to “completely confident”. Findings 55 women from villages in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar underwent training between August and December 2016. 54 participants completed both the pre-training and post-training surveys. Changes in mean number of responses corresponding to each confidence level are as follows: “not confident” 39·6 (SD 14·4) pre-training to 0 post-training (p Interpretation Rural Indian women's confidence in their abilities as a care provider can be significantly improved by practising roles as leaders, decision-makers, and public speakers. Funding None.
Dendroecological Analysis of Acidic Deposition Effects on Forest Productivity

Dendroecological techniques have been employed in several studies to assess the effects of acidic deposition on tree growth. However, some of these studies have not evaluated the roles of other determinants of tree growth (ontogeny, stand development, competition, climate, soil-site Variation) and therefore have not been able to adequately test hypotheses regarding the role of acidic deposition. In this study, detailed stem analysis was used to obtain complete historical records of terminal and radial growth patterns for trees of three species of plantation-grown conifers, representing a spectrum of potential susceptibility to acidic deposition effects. Analyses indicate that long-term variation in growth of the sample trees is related to stand dynamics and climatic factors, and there is little evidence of any long-term trend of diminished growth that might be related to acidic deposition effects. These results emphasize the importance of evaluating the roles of natural determinants of growth before inferences are made concerning the effects of acidic deposition, particularly in relatively young, second-growth forests.
Screening MR Imaging Versus Screening Ultrasound: Pros and Cons

Data support greater sensitivity of MR imaging compared with mammography and ultrasound in high-risk populations, in particular BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 carriers. Screening ultrasound improves cancer yield versus mammography alone in high-risk patients and in patients with dense breasts and is less expensive. Drawbacks include low positive predictive value, operator dependence, and significant physician time expenditure. Advances, such as refinement of automated whole-breast ultrasound, new outcomes data from ultrasound-detected masses in BI-RADS 3 and 4a categories, and development of new MR imaging sequences that allow rapid screening, potentially without use of contrast, will likely reveal the most appropriate tool over time.
Inhibitory Effects of a Purified Enterogasterone, Secretin, and Cholecystokinin on Histamine-Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion

Inhibitory effects of a purified enterogastrone, highly purified secretin, cholecystokinin (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden), and Cecekin on gastric secretion stimulated with one-half the dose of histamine required for maximal stimulation were studied in dogs with Heidenhain’s pouches. The enterogastrone preparation (0.5- and 2.0-mg doses) inhibited gastric acid secretion, but secretin (75 clinical units) and cholecystokinin (Karolinska) (75 Ivy dog units) did not. The 0.5-mg dose of the inhibitor decreased gastric acid secretion 18% for 15 min. The 2.0-mg dose produced about 30%, decrease of gastric acid secretion for 30 min. Cecekin, a crude preparation of cholecystokinin, inhibited histamine-stimulated gastric secretion at a dose of 20 Ivy dog units.
Preparing to teach English language learners: effect of online courses in changing mainstream teachers’ perceptions of English language learners

The number of English language learners (ELLs) is increasing rapidly at US schools. Mainstream teachers have an important role in academic success of these students because ELLs spend most of their...
Reducing Pressures on the Environment: Forward-Looking Solutions and the Role of Formal Models

Environmental problems result in substantial part as by-products of industrial production. These problems are sufficiently severe as to require independent analysis to determine where the public interest lies, and governmental intervention to assure that it is taken into account, because the profit-seeking orientation of industrial decision-makers is often at odds with avoiding environmental problems. The interventions may be direct, taking the form of regulations that require or prohibit certain actions, or indirect, in that they change the perceived attractiveness (e.g., the relative costs) of different courses of action.
Prostatic cancer, acid phosphatase, creatine kinase-BB and race: a prospective study.

AbstractTo examine the effectiveness of prostatic acid phosphatase and creatine kinase-BB determinations in detecting prostatic cancer serum from 594 men more than 40 years old was assayed for prostatic acid phosphatase with the thymolphthalein monophosphate substrate and a radioimmunoassay kit. Creatine kinase-BB levels also were measured with a radioimmunoassay kit.Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia had higher prostatic acid phosphatase levels than normal controls. Accordingly, to avoid a high incidence of false positives in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia the 92.5 percentile level of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (3.9ng./ml.) was chosen as the upper limit of normal. With this critical value elevated prostatic acid phosphatase levels were observed in 6 per cent of the patients with clinical stage A disease, 8 per cent with stage B, 35 per cent with stage C and 68 per cent with stage D. The radioimmunoassay was no more effective than the enzymatic assay in detecting pr...
Rank-One Extensions of the Generalized Hermitian Eigenvalue Problem for Adaptive High Resolution Array Processing

The determination of number, location, and movement of radiating sources using passive arrays of sensors is an important problem in radar imaging, medical imaging, and seismology. High resolution array processing, methods utilize spectral information contained in the observed signal correlation matrix in order to decompose incoming signals into signal and noise components. This allows extraction of various characteristic parameters such as source intensity and direction of arrival. Treatment of nonstationary signals in a colored noise environment necessitate the, analysis of generalized Hermitian pencils. In order to conserve computational resources and permit real time processing of information, one may wish to process these matrix pencils adaptively only up to the smallest order necessary for full estimation of the desired signal parameters.
Visa Wait Times and Future Earnings: Evidence from the National Survey of College Graduates

This study explores the relationship between lawful permanent resident status and earnings. We begin by estimating wage differentials between lawful permanent residents and immigrants on temporary visas. We find a wide variation in earnings differentials according to category of temporary visa, and find a negative differential between lawful permanent residents and immigrants on temporary work visas. We then examine the effect of longer wait times to obtain a permanent resident visa on immigrants’ income. Using data from the National Survey of College Graduates, we find that immigrants who enter the US on temporary work visas earn 2% less for each year between the time of entry into the US and when their permanent resident visa is issued. We find a similar relationship for immigrants who enter on student visas and have wait times of more than 5 years. Further, we find a larger relationship for African and Latin American and Caribbean immigrants.
ENDOVASCULAR MANAGEMENT OF EPISTAXIS SECONDARY TO DISSECTING PSEUDOANEURYSM OF THE DESCENDING PALATINE ARTERY FOLOWING ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY

Orthognathic surgeries such as Le Fort I are widely used in clinical practice. Postoperative internal maxillary artery pseudoaneurysm is a very rare complication, which can lead to significant postoperative bleeding. In this article, we report a case of early postoperative bleeding secondary to pseudoaneurysm following Le Fort I surgery with a novel endovascular treatment approach.
Capacity Region of the Symmetric Injective $K$ -User Deterministic Interference Channel

We characterize the capacity region of the symmetric injective $K$ -user deterministic interference channel for all channel parameters. The achievable rate region is derived by first projecting the achievable rate region of Han–Kobayashi (HK) scheme, which is in terms of common and private rates for each user, along the direction of aggregate rates for each user (i.e., the sum of common and private rates). We then show that the projected region is characterized by only the projection of those facets in the HK region for which the coefficient of common rate and private rate are the same for all users, hence simplifying the region. Furthermore, we derive a tight converse for each facet of the simplified achievable rate region.
DEEM 2019: Workshop on Data Management for End-to-End Machine Learning

The DEEM workshop brings together researchers and practitioners at the intersection of applied machine learning, data management and systems research, with the goal to discuss the arising data management issues in machine learning application scenarios.
Assessing the impact of knowledge and location on college students' perceptions of gun control and campus carry policies: a multisite comparison

Recent incidents of mass shootings in schools have raised questions about the availability of “military-style” firearms and need for campus carry policies. Previous research that has measured students’ attitudes toward gun control has neglected the Northeastern Region of the United States and failed to include measures of students’ knowledge of current firearm legislation in prediction models. Using a sample of 1,518 students enrolled in 3 universities across two regions of the United States (e.g., Northeast and Midwest), the present study expands on prior literature by comparing regional variants in student gun owners, and perceptions of gun legislation. Results indicate that, with the exception of “military-style” rifles, students in the Northeast are more likely to have access to every other type of firearm assessed (e.g., rifle, shotgun, handgun), but significantly less likely to have completed a formal gun safety course. Knowledge of current gun legislation is a direct negative predictor of support for general gun control, and a direct positive predictor of support for faculty campus carry, however, race moderates the relationship between knowledge and support for gun control. These findings indicate that there may be a need for formal general gun safety education courses in the Northeast Region of the United States. Previous models that failed to control for knowledge of current gun legislation may have been misspecified.
Offshore outsourcing: impact on CS/IS curriculum

In November 2002 Forrester Research report [6] predicted that at least 3.3 million white-collar jobs and $136 billion in wages are expected to shift overseas by 2015, of which nearly one million would be IT-related. This was brought closer home when headlines in the Kansas City Star detailed the extensive layoffs of Sprint IT employees due to outsourcing [7]. According to Evans Data Corporation, 4.0% of outsourcing work was done offshore a year ago while 9.6% of outsourcing work is done offshore today [1]. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 2.1% of U.S. computer and math workers were unemployed as of July 2000. That number had risen to 5.6% by July 2003 [1].
Spectrum-clean S 1 AlN Lamb wave resonator with damped edge reflectors

A concept for the development of spectrum-clean S1 Lamb wave resonator (LWR) utilizing an aluminum nitride (AlN) plate with damped edge reflectors is demonstrated. Numerical analysis is performed on the dispersive characteristics of the Lamb modes propagating in AlN plates, and the design parameters to enable zero group velocity (vg) for the S1 mode are identified. The simulation results based on finite element analysis verify that the use of the damped edge reflectors, instead of the conventional edge reflectors, can efficiently de-couple most of the Lamb waves such as the S0 mode by mode conversion upon edges, but not the S1 mode characterizing zero vg. Specifically, the measured frequency response of a 1.38-GHz AlN S1 LWR with damped edge reflectors yields a clean spectrum up to 6 GHz and excellent resonance passband performance.
Redefining the role of adjuvant versus salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy for T3 disease and/or positive margins.

367Background: SWOG 8794 recommends adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for T3 and/or positive margins. Our purpose was to assess 12-year outcomes on 862 RP patients w...
A cost-effective chemo-thermo-poroelastic wellbore stability model for mud weight design during drilling through shale formations

Abstract Drilling through chemically-active shale formations is of special importance due to time-dependent drilling fluid–shale interactions. The physical models presented so far include sophisticated input parameters, requiring advanced experimental facilities, which are costly and in most cases unavailable. In this paper, sufficiently-accurate, yet highly practical, models are presented containing parameters easily-derived from well-known data sources. For ion diffusivity coefficient, the chemical potential was formulated based on the functionality of water activity to solute concentration for common solute species in field. The reflection coefficient and solute diffusion coefficient within shale membrane were predicted and compared with experimental measurements. For thermally-induced fluid flow, a model was utilized to predict thermo-osmosis coefficient based on the energy of hydrogen-bond that attained a reasonably-accurate estimation from petrophysical data, e.g. porosity, specific surface area (SSA), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The coupled chemo-thermo-poroelastic governing equations were developed and solved using an implicit finite difference scheme. Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion was adopted for mud weight required to avoid compressive shear failure and a tensile cut-off failure index for mud weight required to prevent tensile fracturing. Results showed a close agreement between the suggested model and experimental data from pressure transmission tests. Results from a numerical example for a vertical wellbore indicated that failure in shale formations was time-dependent and a failure at wellbore wall after 85 min of mud–shale interactions was predicted. It was concluded that instability might not firstly occur at wellbore wall as most of the conventional elastic models predict; perhaps it occurs at other points inside the formation. The effect of the temperature gradient between wellbore and formation on limits of mud window confirmed that the upper limit was more sensitive to the temperature gradient than the lower limit.
Monomer Sequence Effects on Interfacial Width and Mixing in Self-Assembled Diblock Copolymers

Monomer sequence is shown to directly control interfacial and in-domain mixing in lamellar polystyrene-b-polypeptoid diblock copolymers, where the polypeptoid block is composed of precise sequences...
Social Bonding Experiences Facilitating Desistance in Adolescence

Desistance from crime involves nuanced consideration of external and internal theories of change and methodological challenges to accurately capture positive change. Although desistance is expected...
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a polyclonal lymphoproliferation that leads to lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoimmune cytopenias. Most cases present in pediatric patients due to inherited germline mutations affecting the FAS-mediated apoptosis pathway that mediates development of the immune system, particularly the elimination of autoreactive T cells. It is a rare disease that clinicians need to recognize in order to appropriately pursue additional ancillary testing that includes screening for circulating double-negative T cells, elevated cytokine levels, characteristic histologic findings on lymph node biopsies, and definitive follow-up evaluation with gene sequencing. Management of ALPS centers around selecting the appropriate immunosuppressive regimen to treat autoimmune cytopenias, avoiding splenectomy, and long-term surveillance for lymphomatous transformation.
Diversity of Coronavirus Spikes: Relationship to Pathogen Entry and Dissemination

Coronaviruses are widespread in the environment, infecting humans, domesticated and wild mammals, and birds. Infections cause a variety of diseases including bronchitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and encephalitis, with symptoms ranging from being nearly undetectable to rapidly fatal. A combination of interacting variables determine the pattern and severity of coronavirus-induced disease, including the infecting virus strain, its transmission strategy, and the age and immune status of the infected host. Coronavirus pathogenesis is best understood by discerning how each of these variables dictates clinical outcomes. This chapter focuses on variabilities amongst the spike (S) proteins of infecting virus strains. Diversity of coronavirus surface proteins likely contributes to epidemic disease, an important and timely topic given the recent emergence of the human SARS coronavirus.
HIVAN and medication use in chronic dialysis patients in the United States: analysis of the USRDS DMMS Wave 2 study

The use and possible effects of factors known to improve outcomes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus associated nephropathy (HIVAN), namely of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) and antiretroviral therapy, has not been reported for a national sample of dialysis patients. We conducted a historical cohort study of the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study (DMMS) Wave 2 to identify risk factors associated with increased mortality in these patients. Data were available for 3374 patients who started dialysis and were followed until March 2000. Cox Regression analysis was used to model adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) with HIVAN as a cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and its impact on mortality during the study period, adjusted for potential confounders. Of the 3374 patients who started dialysis, 36 (1.1%) had ESRD as a result of HIVAN. Only 22 (61%) of patients with HIVAN received antiretroviral agents, and only nine patients (25%) received combination antiretroviral therapy, and only 14% received ACE inhibitors. Neither the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs (AHR, 0.62, 95% CI, 0.10, 3.86, p = 0.60), or ACE inhibitors were associated with a survival advantage. Patients with HIVAN had an increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.74, 95% Confidence Interval, 3.12, 7.32, p < 0.01) compared to patients with other causes of ESRD. Medications known to improve outcomes in HIV infected patients were underutilized in patients with HIVAN. Adjusted for other factors, a primary diagnosis of HIVAN was associated with increased mortality compared with other causes of ESRD.
A review of human resources management research: The past 10 years and implications for moving forward

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to present a review of the human resources (HR) research that has been published over the past ten years in discipline-based and hospitality-specific journals and identify key trends and opportunities for advancing future research. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a critical review of the extant literature in the general HR management and hospitality HR management fields. Findings – A comparison of the findings shows a substantial degree of overlap in the themes and results that have been generated to date. However, several hospitality studies have identified a number of variables that appear to be particularly relevant for labor-intensive, service-focused settings. As such, context-specific factors should be considered in efforts to advance our understanding about the ways in which hospitality HR systems may impact a wide array of individual and organizational outcomes. Originality/value – The results offer a foundation for advancing future h...
Design of a doubly-hydrophilic block copolypeptide that directs the formation of calcium carbonate microspheres.

The crystallization of calcium carbonate into microspheres has been accomplished using the rationally-designed, doubly-hydrophilic block copolypeptide poly{Ne-2[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetyl-L-lysine}100-b-poly(L-aspartate sodium salt)30 as a structure-directing agent.
Investigating the causes and consequences of symbiont shuffling in a multi-partner reef coral symbiosis under environmental change

Dynamic symbioses may critically mediate impacts of climate change on diverse organisms, with repercussions for ecosystem persistence in some cases. On coral reefs, increases in heat-tolerant symbionts after thermal bleaching can reduce coral susceptibility to future stress. However, the relevance of this adaptive response is equivocal owing to conflicting reports of symbiont stability and change. We help reconcile this conflict by showing that change in symbiont community composition (symbiont shuffling) in Orbicella faveolata depends on the disturbance severity and recovery environment. The proportion of heat-tolerant symbionts dramatically increased following severe experimental bleaching, especially in a warmer recovery environment, but tended to decrease if bleaching was less severe. These patterns can be explained by variation in symbiont performance in the changing microenvironments created by differentially bleached host tissues. Furthermore, higher proportions of heat-tolerant symbionts linearly increased bleaching resistance but reduced photochemical efficiency, suggesting that any change in community structure oppositely impacts performance and stress tolerance. Therefore, even minor symbiont shuffling can adaptively benefit corals, although fitness effects of resulting trade-offs are difficult to predict. This work helps elucidate causes and consequences of dynamism in symbiosis, which is critical to predicting responses of multi-partner symbioses such as O. faveolata to environmental change.
Conversaciones con Ramón: big questions for the millennium*

Ramon Margalef and I have enjoyed many years of conversation about ecology and my remarks will celebrate our relationship. My life has gradually shifted from the hustle of the market place and consumption of money and goods to a academic career devoted to students and ideas. Students ask how they can avoid becoming trivial, how they can contribute to solving the dreadful problems that face human society? Students want to know from me, their senior, what are the big questions of ecological science. That is the motivation for me to think about the challenging questions ecologists are asking today, that may change the subject tomorrow.
Ureteral obstruction by shotgun pellet seven years after injury

Ureteral obstruction by an extrinsic object is rare. We herein report a case of renal colic caused by a shotgun pellet lodged in the ureter seven years after the injury. Computerized tomography scan and antegrade pyelogram demonstration were obtained.
Syntheses and configurations of some heterocyclic amidoximes. X-Ray crystal structure of 3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyrazinone-O-methyloxime

O-Methyl-α-ketophenylacetohydroximoyl chloride (1) was prepared by the reaction of O-methyl-α-methoxyphenylacetohydroximoyl chloride (5) with N-bromosuccinimide and concentrated hydrobromic acid. Reaction of 1 with ethylenediamine gave 3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyrazinone-O-methyloxime (6). 3-Phenyl-5,6-cyclohexano-5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyrazininone-O-methyloxime (7) was prepared by reaction of 1 with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The X-ray structure of 6 has been determined. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 10.264(3), b = 18.262(4), c = 23.530(4)A, V = 4411(2)A3, and Z = 16. The structure, which was refined to R = 0.038 using 1652 observed reflections, shows the amidoxime moiety to be the Z configuration. Reaction of benzohydroximoyl chloride with aziridine gave (Z)-aziridinylbenzaldoxime (16a). Ultraviolet irradiation of a benzene solution of 16a gave a mixture of the Z and E isomers 16a and 16b. The E isomer 16b underwent thermal isomerization to 16a at 100°. Reaction of 16a with dimethyl sulfate in sodium hydroxide solution gave (Z)-O-methylaziridinylbenzaldoxime (17a). Photoisomerization of a hexane solution of 17a gave a mixture of the Z and E isomers 17a and 17b which were separated by preparative glc. The isomers 17a and 17b are resistant to thermal Z = E isomerization. The mechanisms of thermal isomerization of benzamidoximes are discussed.
AGN variability: an extreme ultraviolet view from deep EUVE observations

Abstract We present highlights from the most recent results on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) variability obtained during some very long observations (more than 3 weeks in a few cases) of extragalactic objects with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer ( EUVE ) satellite.
Lens implant exchanges for incorrect power: Results of an informal survey

Despite the introduction of ultrasonic axial length measurements and a variety of intraocular lens implant prediction formulas, postoperative predicted errors greater than 2 diopters occur in approximately 5% to 10% of lens implantations, and occasional errors of 5 diopters to 7 diopters or greater are still encountered. An informal survey revealed successful lens implant exchanges for initial postoperative refractive errors of +4.37 to -14.00 diopters in eight eyes.
A METHOD FOR COPPER-STAINING GERMANIUM CRYSTALS

Abstract A method for copper-staining germanium crystals is described. This method can be used to show nonuniformities in germanium crystals prior to Li drifting, and as a tool for studying the diffusion and drifting of Li in germanium.
Galactokinase deficiency presenting as pseudotumor cerebri

DISTURBANCES in galactose metabolism from deficiency of the enzyme galactose uridyl transferase may cause cataracts and liver and brain damage. The more recently discovered deficiency of galactokinase has been thought to be a benign condition other than causing cataracts. A 2-month-old female infant presented with a picture of pseudotumor cerebri, cataracts, and a urinary reducing substance. She was found to be deficient in galactokinase and was fed a lactose-free formula with improvement in the physical abnormalities. It appears that galactokinase-de ficient galactosemia may not be as benign as previously supposed.
Use of simultaneous computer fitting to estimate the apparent absorption rate constant

In this study we explored an alternative approach to specifically determine the apparent absorption rate constant (ka) and the initial disposition macro-rate constant (alpha) without intravenous dose data. Data sets were simulated with ka values in a range of +/- 70% of alpha. A 10%, uniformly distributed, random error was added to all the simulation parameters and to the concentration values. The data sets were fit individually (one data set) and simultaneously (all possible combinations of two, four, or six data sets) using NONLIN. The parameters alpha, beta (the terminal disposition rate constant), and k21 (the exit rate constant from the peripheral compartment) were assumed to be common parameters between the data sets. If a single data set was used in fitting the equation, large deviations in the estimates for ka and alpha occurred as ka became less than alpha. However, when multiple data sets were fit simultaneously, correct values for ka and alpha were consistently predicted regardless of the relative magnitude of the initial estimates.
The Research of EEG Analysis Methods Based on Sounds of Different Frequency

In this study, we carry out a research of EEG analysis base on sounds of different frequency. Experiment schemes are designed to obtain the EEG data. Wavelet transform decomposes the EEGs into signals of different frequency. Modulus maximum is applied to detect the extrude spots and power spectrum is used to show the power distribution of EEG with frequency. Through studying, analyzing and comparing EEG data based on different frequency sounds, the characters of brain are drawn, the relationship between sound and brain is analyzed using research results. The results of the experiments are valuable to actual life, such as navigation for the blind based on different frequency sounds.
The influence of modality and transparency on trust in human-robot interaction

We examine the effects of transparency and communication modality on user trust in a human-robot interaction scenario. To better understand the emerging topic of transparency, we have varied the levels of information that a robotic teammate provided to participants and measured their trust responses. Additionally, we varied the modality (text, auditory, and graphic) the robotic teammate used when communicating with the participant. Participants reported higher trust levels in the constant level of information, the condition in which they were provided with a constant information stream from the robotic team member. Differences in communication modality had little influence on trust ratings.
Physical dependence increases the relative reinforcing effects of caffeine versus placebo

Using a within-subject cross-over design, this study examined the role of physical dependence in caffeine reinforcement by experimentally manipulating physical dependence. Each subject was exposed to two chronic drug phases (300 mg/70 kg/day caffeine and placebo) for 9–12 days, with order of phases counterbalanced across subjects. On 2 separate days immediately following each of the chronic drug exposures, subjects received acute doses of either caffeine (300 mg/ 70 kg) or placebo in counterbalanced order. The reinforcing effects of these drugs were then determined by using a multiple-choice procedure in which subjects made a series of discrete choices between receiving varying amounts of money or receiving the drug again, and a choice between the two drugs. To ensure that subjects completed the form carefully, following exposure to both of the acute drug administrations, one of the subject’s previous choices from the multiple-choice form was randomly selected and the consequence of that choice was implemented. When subjects were maintained on chronic caffeine, they were willing to forfeit significantly more money and showed significant increases in typical withdrawal symptoms (e.g. fatigue, mood disturbance) after receiving placebo as compared to the other three conditions. When subjects were maintained on chronic caffeine, they also chose to receive caffeine over placebo twice as often than when they were maintained on chronic placebo. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date indicating that caffeine physical dependence increases the relative reinforcing effects of caffeine versus placebo.
Characterization of whole-cell and organelle protein synthesis in normal and aposymbiotic strains of Crithidia oncopelti and Blastocrithidia culicis

Abstract 1. 1. Normal (bacterial endosymbiont-containing) and aposymbiotic strains of Crithidia oncopelti and Blastocrithidia culicis were metabolically labelled with [ 3 H]leucine and [ 35 S]methionine. 2. 2. Autoradiography of labelled proteins separated by one- or two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis failed to detect differences between normal and aposymbiotic strains, although interspecific differences were evident. 3. 3. Whole cells and symbiont and mitochondrial fractions were separated by differential centrifugation; each synthesized a distinct and different array of electrophoretically separable, [ 35 S]methionine-labelled proteins. 4. 4. Proteins synthesized by the host cell were eliminated by cycloheximide inhibition but were unchanged in the presence of chloramphenicol; proteins synthesized by the symbiont and mitochondrial fractions were eliminated by chloramphenicol but not by cycloheximide.
Restoring mediterranean-climate rivers

Mediterranean-climate rivers (med-rivers) have highly variable flow regimes, with large, periodic floods shaping the (often-braided) channels, which is different from stable humid-climate rivers, whose form may be dominated by the 1.5-year flood. There is a fundamental challenge in attempting to “restore” such variable, ever-changing, dynamic river systems, and the most effective restoration strategy is to set aside a channel migration zone within which the river can flood, erode, deposit, and migrate, without conflicting with human uses. An apparent cultural preference for stable channels has resulted in attempts to build idealized meandering channels, but these are likely to wash out during large, episodic floods typical of med-rivers. Med-rivers are more extensively dammed than their humid-climate counterparts, so downstream reaches are commonly deprived of high flows, which carry sediments, modify channel morphology, and maintain habitat complexity. Restoration of the entire pre-dam hydrograph without losing the benefits of the dam is impossible, but restoration of specific components of the natural hydrograph (to which native species are adapted) can restore some ecosystem components (such as native fish species) in med-rivers.
Decontamination of Inoculated Beef with Sequential Spraying Treatments

Spray-washing/rinsing treatments utilizing warm/hot water and/or acetic acid solution were evaluated separately and in sequence for their efficacy in reducing microbial contamination on beef tissue inoculated with Escherichia coli. Treatments reduced the aerobic plate (APC) and E. coli counts of the samples inoculated to have 5.0-7.4 log CFU/cm 2 (APC) by 1.1 to 4.3 logs. Similarly, most treatments reduced APC and total coliform counts of samples inoculated to have 1.8-3.7 log CFU/cm 2 (APC) by 0.1 to 1.7 logs. Combinations involving 3 or 4 treatments were more effective in reducing bacterial contamination than single- or 2-treatment combinations.