cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Active Learning Framework for New Relation Types

Relation extraction is a fundamental task in information extraction. Different methods have been studied for building a relation extraction system. Supervised training of models for this task has yielded good performance, but at substantial cost for the annotation of large training corpora (About 40K same-sentence entity pairs). Semi-supervised methods can only require a seed set, but the performance is very limited when the seed set is very small, which is not very satisfactory for real relation extraction applications. The trade-off of annotation and performance is also hard to decide in practice. Active learning strategies allow users to gradually improve the model and to achieve comparable performance to supervised methods with limited annotation. Recent study shows active learning on this task needs much fewer labels for each type to build a useful relation extraction application. We feel active learning is a good direction to do relation extraction and presents a more efficient active learning framework. This framework starts from a better balance between positive and negative samples, and boosts by interleaving self-training and co-testing. We also studied the reduction of annotation cost by enforcing argument type constraints. Experiments show a substantial speed-up by comparison to previous state-of-the-art pure co-testing active learning framework. We obtain reasonable performance with only a hundred labels for individual ACE 2004 relation types. We also developed a GUI tool for real human-in-the-loop active learning trials. The goal of building relation extraction systems in a very short time seems to be promising.
Plasma biomarkers in a phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

B18 Background: Sorafenib is a potent inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinases c-RAF and B-RAF and the angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-1, -2 and -3 and PDGFR-β) with activity against both tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Sorafenib has shown antitumor activity in several tumor types and is currently under clinical evaluation in several solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we investigated several biomarker candidates in NSCLC patients to determine their relationship with clinical endpoints. Methods: 52 patients with relapsed or refractory, advanced NSCLC were enrolled in a phase II, single-arm, multicenter study, and received sorafenib 400 mg orally bid, taken orally on a continuous schedule. Plasma samples were collected at baseline (BL), cycle1/day15 (C1D15), and C3D1 and assayed for total VEGF, VEGF-165, soluble VEGFR-2 (sVEGFR-2), PDGF-BB, soluble PDGFR-beta (sPDGFR-β), soluble EGFR (sEGFR), soluble HER-2 (sHER-2), uPA, PAI-1, uPAR, TIMP-1, and circulating Ras p21. Results: Sorafenib treatment resulted in significant changes in the levels of VEGF-165, sVEGFR-2, PDGF-BB, sPDGFR-β, sEGFR, PAI-1, uPAR, and TIMP-1. The mean level of sVEGFR-2 decreased by 17% at C1D15 and 27% at C3D1, as compared with baseline (n=35, p
The Indispensability of Business Archives

the complex world in which we live there is little that can be done without the use of existing business records of some nature or the creation of new ones. Memoranda, correspondence, reports, plans, charts, and many more kinds of records are all needed so that modern society can function with some degree of control. It is not possible and certainly not desirable to keep all business records indefinitely. Without some control the acquisition of filing cabinets alone can increase at an alarming rate at an approximate cost of $50 per drawer per year, this equipment can be a staggering investment. Selected material should be permanently preserved by individual firms, for the historical information contained is of definite educational value to the firms themselves, to the historian, and to the public served by the business. A business organization can profit from a better knowledge of its own history. In a small company the manager may know the business so well that he keeps much knowledge in his head, and as the need arises he can draw upon his knowledge. But as a firm grows and becomes complex, this capability no longer exists. And then there comes the day when the manager is no longer there. What happens then? Whether the organization is small or large, some provision should be made to preserve those records that will be of historical significance. If this can be done early in the life of the business, so much the better.
Can postoperative anthropometric changes predict diabetic response after bariatric surgery

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a life-threatening obesity linked condition often treated with bariatric surgery. Predictors of diabetic improvement often include duration and severity of diabetes, type of operation employed and various patient factors. Central obesity, as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist/ hip ratio, has been associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk. In this study, anthropometric changes after surgery were analyzed and correlated with T2DM response. Method: Morbidly obese patients undergoing surgery at Loyola Health University Chicago were enrolled in this IRB approved cohort study. Analyzed were 35 patients having T2DM. Demographic data, diabetic type (non-insulin or insulin dependent) and type of surgery were analyzed. Anthropometric factors were measured pre and postoperatively. Predictors of diabetic remission (complete remission, improvement and non-response) were analyzed. Definition of complete remission was considered when there was a return to “normal” glucose metabolism (HbA1C o 6%, fasting glucose o 100 mg/Dl). Diabetic improvement (DI) was defined as lower drug dosage with sub-diabetic hyperglycemia. Results: 35 patients (22 women; mean age 1⁄4 44.86 9.81) were analyzed. The follow up time is 20.22 4.85 (range, 6-32) months. Surgical intervention included 19/35 (54.28%) gastric bypass (LRYGB), 10/35 (28.57%) sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 6/35 (17.15%) gastric banding (LAGB). There were no demographic or anthropometric measurement differences between type of surgery and gender (p1⁄4 0.370), race (p1⁄40.503) or diabetic type (p1⁄4 0.267). Mean preoperative BMI (kg/m) was 45.03 6.31 (LRYGB), 53.25 10.49 (LSG), and 50.41 13.70 (LAGB). Twenty (57.14%), ten (28.57%) and five (14.28%) of the 35 patients had complete remission, improvement and non-response of their diabetes respectively. In univariate analysis, preoperative independent predictors of success (complete response and diabetic improvement) included; white race (p1⁄40.013), LRYGB (p1⁄40.011), non-insulin dependent (p1⁄40.023), pre-BMI r 60 kg/ m (p1⁄40.016) and pre-WC r 160 cm (p1⁄40.018). Postoperative parameters of success included; decrease in waist/hip ratio at 1, 3 and 12 months (0.012, 0.00 and 0.00 respectively). In multivariate logistical regression analysis, type of surgery (p1⁄40.012; CI: 0.1321.194), greater Δ waist circumference and greater Δ neck circumference at 12 months remained independent predictors of success. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment of diabetes (overall 85.71% of success) in the morbidly obese patient. Predictors of positive outcome may not only include the type of surgery and duration/ severity of T2DM, but changes in fat distribution. Gastric bypass, in this intermediate-term study, led to a greater degree of change in central obesity. Long-term follow-up may show that gastric bypass is superior in resolving central adiposity and therefore decreasing cardiometabolic risk and improving diabetes.
Shouting Down Abraham: How Sixteenth Century Huguenot Women Found Their Voice

Il fit sa confession de foi avouant qu'il avoit beaucoup recu et peu profite. Et comme on lui repondait qu'il avoit fidelement employe son talent: “Eh! qu'y a-t-il du mien?” s'ecria-t-il. “ne dites pas moi, mais Dieu par moi.” — Philippe Du Plessis Mornay, on his deathbed, 1623 The strange case of French Calvinist women writers poses one of the more puzzling questions that scholars face in their efforts to reanimate the lost or silenced voices of early modern women. The pool of possibilities for the examination of these Huguenot writers is paltry, due to many factors, all of which obstruct a clear hearing of their voices. Admittedly, since women writers are relatively rare in sixteenth-century Calvinism, there is an inevitable temptation to stretch meager evidence too far.
AUTOMATED DATA EXCHANGE AND FUSION FOR AIRPORT SURFACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

An airport surface traffic data system called the Surface Movement Advisor (SMA) has been developed and deployed to Atlanta Hartsfield airport. The initial proof-of-concept SMA electronically connects the air traffic control, airline, and airport operations user communities to facilitate information sharing and improve taxi queuing. SMA uses a small expert system to fuse data from a variety of airline, airport operations, ramp control, and air traffic control tower sources, in order to establish and update reference data values for every aircraft surface operation. Operation of SMA on a daily basis in Atlanta since June, 1996 has demonstrated substantial benefits for ramp operations and airlines. Achieving full realization of improved management and control of aircraft surface movements will probably require integration with aircraft ground tracking systems.
A phase space tour of optical imaging

The phase-space instrument function is used to analyze optical systems. The Wigner distribution function and the ambiguity function of a lenslet array are constructed to interpret imaging systems as forms of phase-space tomography.
Evaluation of co-morbidity indices in patients admitted for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background. There is limited and conflicting information on the use of co-morbidity instruments to predict mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. We sought to test the validity of the Charlson Index and another co-morbidity instrument, the Adult co-morbidity evaluation 27 (ACE-27), in patients admitted with COPD exacerbations. Co-morbidity scores were obtained by chart review. Information on mortality was retrieved from the Social Security Death Index. We examined the predictive validity of the Charlson and the ACE- 27 using survival analysis. Results. There were 112 patients eligible for the study. The ACE-27 but not the Charlson predicted survival, after adjusting for age, gender, and smoking history in Cox regression, hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.99 (1.17-3.39). Conclusions. This study confirms earlier findings that the Charlson Index is not a reliable predictor of mortality in patients with COPD. However, the ACE-27 appears to be useful for predicting survival in this study.
Androgens, Brain, and Behavior

Objective: This article defines androgens (and anabolic steroids), describes their mechanisms of action, and summarizes their behavioral effects and relevance in animals and humans. Method: A MEDLINE-derived review of the literature on androgens and behavior was perIormed; pivotal earlier publications were also obtained and included in the review. Results: In animals, the effects of androgens on brain structure and function are well-established and profound, with behavioral implications extending far beyond reproduction. Androgens play a prominent role in the organization or programming ofbrain circuits, which are subsequently activated by gonadal steroids. In humans, roles for androgens have been described, albeit inconsistently, in the regulation ofsexuality, aggression, cognition, emotion, and personality. The relevance of androgens for psychiatry is further suggested by gender-related differences in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and in the prevalence, course, and treatment response characteristics ofseveral psychiatric disorders. Direct psychoactive effects ofexogenously administered androgens have been described for many years, most recently in reports of the psychotoxic effects of anabolic steroids. Conclusions: Data from both animals and humans suggest that the biological and behavioral responses to androgens are context-dependent. (Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:974-984)
Key Technology and Applied Practice in the System Development of Sci-Tech Management Service Platform

Through system analysis and design of the sci-tech management service platform, we had established the databases of scientific research achievements, sci-tech talents and practical technologies, and developed corresponding information systems based on web. Meanwhile,the paper has introduced key technology and practical experience in system development .
Assistant theatre practitioners: 'must have' or 'needs must'?

Assistant theatre practitioners (ATPs) are healthcare assistants (HCAs) with additional training, extending their practice to include limited, supervised roles in scrub and recovery support. They h...
The eugenics movement and its impact on art education in the United States

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the eugenics movement has had three major influences on education in the United States, and reveals how these influences have had an impact on visual arts education in particular. The first influence began with a debate between John Dewey and David Snedden that resulted in a two-tiered tracking system that separated college bound and vocational students. The second is the influence of eugenics on the establishment of the hierarchical framework for the public school curriculum. The third influence of eugenics discussed in this article is its impact on standardized testing. These influences have justified American imperialism in schools, and have led to the marginalization of visual arts education in the United States.
Induction of Stress Proteins and Drug Resistance by Hypoxia and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cryospectrophotometry for Detecting Hypoxia in Tumors

Most malignant neoplasms are believed to be composed of heterogeneous populations of cells with a variety of phenotypic properties associated with different important malignancy traits1–3. Many of these phenotypes have been shown to be unstable, so that a tumor cell population may be a dynamic mixture of relatively stable and very transient phenotypes4,5. This steady-state population of cells may be perturbed by a variety of host-tumor factors as well as by therapeutic interventions6–8 The cause of this cellular heterogeneity has been considered traditionally to be due to increased genetic mutation frequencies associated with the inherent instability of the malignant phenotype4. However, more recently the possible importance of epigenetic factors has arisen9. Among such factors, one area which has received increased attention is the role of the different microenvironments within solid tumors that arise due to various pathophysiological factors related to growth of the cells and the inefficient vascular supply10,11.
Letter by Dexter and Hindman Regarding Article, "Anesthesia Technique and Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke".

Bekelis et al1 used instrumental variable analysis to model the association between the use of general anesthesia or conscious sedation for mechanical thrombectomy and the incidence of hospital mortality among patients with acute ischemic stroke. A potential limitation of the analysis is that the administrative data used lacked some patient characteristics that predict mortality (eg, National Institutes of Health stroke scale and vascular distribution of the stroke). Suppose that most studied hospitals used almost exclusively 1 type of anesthesia (ie, either 95% to 100% or 0% to 5% general anesthesia). Then, the unaccounted for patient characteristics that determine outcome would not have influenced the decisions of type of anesthesia (ie, not biased …
The role of progesterone and the progesterone receptor in cancer

Introduction: There is an abundance of accumulating data strongly suggesting there is a key role for the progesterone receptor in the molecular events effecting the growth or containment of a varie...
A Chemically Patterned Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (C-µPAD) for Point-of-Care Diagnostics

A chemically patterned microfluidic paper-based analytical device (C-µPAD) is developed to create fluidic networks by forming hydrophobic barriers using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of trichlorosilane (TCS) on a chromatography paper. By controlling temperature, pattern size, and CVD duration, optimal conditions were determined by characterizing hydrophobicity, spreading patterns, and flow behavior on various sized fluidic patterns. With these optimal conditions, we demonstrated glucose assay, immunoassay, and heavy metal detection on well-spot C-µPAD and lateral flow C-µPAD. For these assays, standard curves showing correlation between target concentration and gray intensity were obtained to determine a limit of detection (LOD) of each assay. For the glucose assays on both well-spot C-µPAD and lateral flow C-µPAD, we achieved LOD of 13 mg/dL, which is equivalent to that of a commercial glucose sensor. Similar results were obtained from tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) detection with 3 ng/mL of LOD. For Ni detection, a colorimetric agent was immobilized to obtain a stationary and uniform reaction by using thermal condensation coupling method. During the immobilization, we successfully functionalized amine for coupling the colorimetric agent on the C-µPAD and detected as low as 150 μg/L of Ni. These C-µPADs enable simple, rapid, and cost-effective bioassays and environmental monitoring, which provide practically relevant LODs with high expandability and adaptability.
Extended C-band tunable multi-channel InP-based coherent receiver PICs

Fully integrated monolithic, multi-channel InP-based coherent receiver PICs and transceiver modules with extended C-band tunability are described. These PICs operate at 33 and 44 Gbaud per channel under dual polarization (DP) 16-QAM modulation. Fourteen-channel monolithic InP receiver PICs show integration and data rate scaling capability to operate at 44 Gbaud under DP 16-QAM modulation for combined 4.9 Tb/s total capacity. Six channel simultaneous operation of a commercial transceiver module at 33 Gbaud is demonstrated for a variety of modulation formats including DP 16-QAM for >1.2Tbit/s aggregate data capacity.
Critical Care Organizations: Business of Critical Care and Value/Performance Building

Objective:New, value-based regulations and reimbursement structures are creating historic care management challenges, thinning the margins and threatening the viability of hospitals and health systems. The Society of Critical Care Medicine convened a taskforce of Academic Leaders in Critical Care Me
Binge Eating Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Case for Food Addiction

We review literature regarding the symptomatic and neurological similarities between Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in order to make a case for the inclusion of “Food Addiction” (FA) in future versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). FA is defined by a markedly harmful and addictive cycle of compulsive eating, which requires professional intervention and treatment strategies. We argue that FA is a scientifically sound diagnosis due to the addictive-like compulsive overeating behavior that has major similarities with SUDs. Similarities occur among the symptoms of the disorders, the chemical components within the disorders, and the neurological details related to each of the disorders. Some symptom similarities include the descriptor of consuming “large amounts” of the substance (i.e., food), experience of dependence and withdrawal, and “self-medicating” behavior. We conclude that the compulsive overeating that defines BED is distinctively similar to substance addictions and that this consistent overlap provides reason for FA to be accepted as a diagnosis in the DSM.
Using subcutaneous methotrexate to prolong duration of methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective Our study aims to determine whether the use of subcutaneous methotrexate (SC MTX) is associated with prolonged MTX use and lower incidence of hepatotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on MTX monotherapy and multiple drug therapy. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using national databases of a large hospital system. Subjects had been diagnosed with RA and treated with MTX between September 30, 1999, and October 1, 2009. Outcomes of interest were the amount of time on MTX monotherapy or multiple disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy before addition of additional DMARDs or biologic agents, respectively. We conducted Cox regressions and Kaplan-Meier curves for association between SC MTX use and length of time before therapeutic change. We conducted chi-square tests for association between SC MTX use and elevated liver function tests (LFT). Results MTX monotherapy: SC MTX was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of therapeutic change (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52-0.78). Multiple DMARD therapy: SC MTX was not associated with a lower risk of adding a biologic (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97-1.31). Liver enzymes: There was no significant association between use of SC MTX and decreased frequency of abnormal LFTs [p=0.09 for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), p=0.924 for aspartate aminotransferase (AST)]. Conclusion Use of SC MTX is associated with longer duration of MTX monotherapy before addition of other DMARDs/biologic agents in RA patients. Use of SC MTX is not associated with significantly longer duration of multiple DMARD therapy before addition of biologic agents. Use of oral MTX is not significantly associated with increased frequency of elevated LFTs.
Advances in thyroid orbitopathy

The management of thyroid eye disease continues to evolve. The development of newer diagnostic assays has simplified the medical evaluation of patients suspected to have this ocular disorder. The s...
IMPELLA SUPPORT FOR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK SECONDARY TO ACUTE MYOCARDITIS

The Impella support devices have received FDA approval for temporary stabilization of patients with cardiogenic shock. The use of these devices in cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocarditis has not been evaluated in clinical trials. The aim of this study is to report our experience with these
Assisted Reproduction and Primum Non Nocere

Support for the argument that preimplantation genetic diagnosis followed by selection and implantation of an embryo with a trait that many consider a disability, e.g., deafness, achondroplasia, does not harm the child that develops from the implanted embryo. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Value of information analysis for life cycle assessment: Uncertain emissions in the green manufacturing of electronic tablets

Abstract Optimization of manufacturing processes and practices requires multiple tradeoffs among often competing priorities. This is especially the case for green manufacturing, where meeting sustainability goals often requires the use of more expensive materials and technologies with uncertain effects on product performance. Not only are decisions regarding such trade-offs difficult to make, these decisions often need to be made with incomplete and uncertain information. These scenarios often result in requests for more information, some of which may be irrelevant for the decision at hand. Value of information (VoI), a decision analytic method for quantifying the expected benefit of acquiring additional information, can be used to improve a wide range of manufacturing decisions. By identifying the contribution of specific model parameter uncertainty to total product or decision uncertainty, VoI can prioritize additional data collection and research strategies to optimally reduce uncertainty and support decisions, i.e., identifying the greatest “bang for the buck.” VoI has been used in many fields including medicine, ecology, and economics, but is rarely used in manufacturing and has never been applied within life cycle assessment (LCA), e.g., to address uncertainty in product development decisions. This paper discusses the use of VoI with LCA in manufacturing and details a case study in which we calculate VoI related to the lifecycle environmental impact of electronic tablet production. We found that LCA-VoI can be successfully used to triage the data gathering process in electronic tablets, to more accurately describe lifecycle environmental impact. We anticipate future applications of LCA-VoI to lead to more cost-effective and sustainable production.
Pharmacokinetics of 4-methylimidazole in sheep.

The pharmacokinetics of 4-methylimidazole (4MI), a toxin found in ammoniated forage, was studied after i.v. infusion or oral administration of a single dose of 20 mg 4MI/kg BW to sheep. A two-compartment open model was used to describe i.v. infusion data. Oral data were described by a one-compartment open model. A rapid distribution phase (t1/2 alpha = 28 min) was observed after i.v. infusion. The biological half-lives obtained after i.v. infusion (t1/2 beta = 9.72 h) and oral dosing (t1/2 beta = 9.37 h) were similar. The bioavailability of oral 4MI was .69, with a relatively rapid absorption phase (t1/2abs = 1.52 h). The relatively large volume of distribution (61.6 and 65.8 liters for i.v. infusion and oral dosage, respectively) indicates that 4MI is distributed in the extravascular compartment. A dose of 20 mg/kg BW did not cause any apparent ill effects to the animals.
Inhibition of electron transport in photosystem II by hydroxylamine: further evidence for two binding sites

The reaction of hydroxylamine, a substrate analogue of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC), with spinach photosystem II (PSII) membranes has been further studied by using EPR spectroscopy to monitor the stepwise oxidation of donors and reduction of electron acceptors during successive low-temperature illuminations. In addition to its well-known binding on the donor side of PSII, hydroxylamine binds in the dark with high affinity to a site that structurally interacts with the primary electron acceptor FeQ/sub A//sup -/. Binding in the dark to this acceptor site causes conversion of the normal g = 1.9 EPR signal for FeQ/sub A/) to g = 2.1 on the first turnover. These results indicate that the binding site for NH/sub 2/OH overlaps with or interacts with the binding site for Q/sub B/. The EPR microwave power saturation of the g = 2.1 signal at 5.5 K is similar to that found for the endogenous ferrosemiquinone acceptors. These results indicate a structural change in the primary acceptor site upon binding NH/sub 2/OH, with no change in oxidation state of the iron or the semiquinone. In contrast, NH/sub 2/OH does not bind in the dark to PSII centers exhibiting the other major form of the primary acceptor, whichmore » exhibit the g = 1.82 EPR signal, since no change in the EPR signal is observed. The authors also find that the high-affinity binding of NH/sub 2/OH within the WOC produces no observable EPR-active products in the dark. They conclude that this binding site is closely associated with manganese, since there exists no blockage in the photooxidation of other donors like high-potential cytochrome b/sub 559/ or signal II (/sup 160/Tyr x D/sub 1/ protein).« less
Not So Black and White: Understanding Group Differencesin Academic Performance

This study examined race and gender group differences in academic performance measures that are widely used in college admissions and personnel selection contexts. Each of the study variables (e.g., SAT, high school GPA, and college GPA) were examined over time, but the group differences in GPA were significantly lower than other assessments used in employment. The findings reveal that women across two ethnic groups performed better than men in academic outcomes that should result in a higher rate of selection success when GPA is used. The implications for personnel strategies are discussed with suggestions for future research.
39 – DSP-Based Control of Variable Speed Drives

High-performance motor drives are characterized by the need for smooth rotation down to stall, full control of torque at stall, and fast accelerations and decelerations. In the past, variable speed drives employed predominantly dc motors because of their excellent controllability. However, modern high-performance motor drive systems are usually based on three-phase ac motors, such as the ac induction motor or the permanent-magnet synchronous motor. These machines have supplanted the dc motor as the machine of choice for variety of applications because of their simple robust construction, low inertia, high power density, high torque density, and good performance at high speeds of rotation.
Group G streptococcus leading to necrotizing soft tissue infection after left lower extremity radiofrequency venous ablation

Abstract A 73-year-old morbidly obese woman developed a severe group G Streptococcus (GGS) necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI), superimposed by toxic shock-like syndrome after undergoing radiofrequency venous ablation of her left lower extremity. NSTI secondary to GGS are relatively uncommon, with only nine cases described in the literature. We present a case of GGS NSTI, a debilitating wound infection, occurring after radiofrequency venous ablation. Early identification and treatment are imperative to prevent mortality from NSTI and care must be taken when selecting patients for percutaneous endovascular ablation as they are at risk for such infections.
Further Reflections on The Free Will Debate and Basic Desert: A Reply to Nelkin and Pereboom

In my “The Free Will Debate and Basic Desert,” I argued that against a familiar claim in the free will debate: that the freedom in dispute between compatibilists and incompatibilists is limited to the type required for an agent to deserve blame for moral wrongdoing, and to deserve it in a sense that is basic. In that earlier paper, I sought a rationale for this claim, offered an explanation of basic desert, and then argued that the free will debate can persist even when divorced from basic desert. Dana Nelkin and Derk Pereboom then argued against my thesis. In this paper, I reply to their thoughtful criticisms.
The Unsolid South: Mass Politics and National Representation in a One-Party Enclave

Southern politics has confounded scholars of elections, parties, and representation since the publication of V.O. Key’s seminal book in 1949, Southern Politics in State and Nation. How to make sens...
Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Frozen Section Practice: An Enterprise Audit as a Guide for Moving Forward.

Context.— In recent years, there has been a shift to less aggressive surgical management of the axilla in breast cancer. Consequently, sentinel lymph node evaluation by frozen section (FS) has declined. Additionally, there has been an impetus to decrease efforts in identifying small sentinel lymph node metastases. Objectives.— To critically evaluate our enterprise performance in evaluating axillary sentinel lymph nodes submitted for FS prior to considering changes in processing. Design.— A retrospective review (August 1, 2017-July 31, 2019) was conducted to identify sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes from 1 academic institution and 2 community sites. Cases were evaluated for grossing technique and discordance between FS and permanent section (PS) due to sampling and/or interpretive error. Clinicopathologic features were assessed. Results.— Lymph nodes from 426 patients with 432 neoplasms were sent for FS. Serial sectioning at 2-mm intervals was adhered to in 338 of 432 (78.2%). Serial sectioning was significantly lower at the community sites (14 of 60; 23.3%) versus at the academic institution (324 of 372; 87.1%; P 2 mm) disease; of these, 3 were post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 3 were neither serially sectioned nor posttherapy, and 1 was a small (0.3-cm) focus. A total of 15 of 16 false negatives due to sampling error were detected on the first permanent section level. Conclusions.— Standard serial sectioning of sentinel lymph nodes at 2-mm intervals resulted in infrequent false negatives due to macrometastatic disease. A single additional permanent section level is reasonable, given adherence to serial sectioning.
Post-1989 Cold War Diplomatic Shifts in Southern Africa

Dieser Artikel wertet erstmals Materialien aus britischen und US-amerikanischen Archiven aus,die jetzt zuganglich geworden sind und die diplomatischen Verhandlungen uber das Ende derKonflikte in Namibia, Angola und Mozambique sowie das Ende der Apartheid in Sudafrika betreffen. Dabei werden altere Interpretationen, die den Ruckzug der Sowjetunion als einen Verrat an den alten Bundnispartnern innerhalb der kommunistischen und Befreiungsbewegungen im sudlichen Afrika ansehen, erganzt um eine nuanciertere Sicht, die den Beginn dieses Wandels im Jahr 1988 und in den Verhandlungen um den Ruckzug kubanischer Truppen aus Angola und um die namibische Unabhangigkeit lokalisieren. Das Ziel der sowjetischen Ausenpolitik war nun nicht mehr die bedingungslose Unterstutzung ihrer Alliierten, sondern eine Beruhigung und Stabilisierung der politischen Lage, um der angestrebten neuen Weltordnung zum Durchbruch zu verhelfen. Damit ruckte auch eine demokratische, von einem Mehrheitsvotum der Wahler getragene Regierung fur Sudafrika in den Fokus sowjetischer Politik, was wiederum Angste auf US-amerikanischer Seite vor einem sozialistischen Einparteiensystem reduzierte. Aus den britischen und US-amerikanischen Quellen lasst sich ebenfalls ablesen, dass die sowjetischen Unterhandler in einem komplizierten Annaherungsprozess Sympathien fur eine kapitalistische Entwicklung in Sudafrika entwickelten und darin auch Chancen fur ihr eigenes Land sahen.
Prediction of three-dimensional scattering by pressure-release sinusoidal surfaces

Acoustic scattering by pressure-release sinusoidal surfaces is analyzed in three dimensions using the potential integral formula. Boundary values for sinusoidal surfaces are rigorously determined using a Fredholm boundary value integral equation. No restrictions on the surface heights and slopes are made. An incident field composed of spherical waves produced by a beamed source is used as this conforms to the reported acoustic experiments. Spherical waves provide a general solution because they transition to plane waves in the limit as the range to the surface becomes large with respect to the surface dimensions. In this limit, the Fraunhofer phase approximation is valid, and the solution mirrors the published “exact” solutions based on plane waves. This solution is, thus, applicable to both acoustical and scalar optical experiments. A periodic solution is assumed for the unknown boundary values. This approach produces a compact, computationally efficient solution in the form of a periodic Green's function. Predictions by the potential integral formula are compared to scattering measurements made on three different surfaces, and the agreement is good. A key finding is that acoustic experiments must be conducted using narrow beam widths to avoid interference in the measurement of grating order locations, amplitudes, and widths.
Site of action of atractyloside in mitochondria. II. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation

Abstract The site of inhibition by atractyloside of oxidative phosphorylation and related processes in mitochondria prepared from beef heart was localized in the outer membrane. Support for this conclusion came from several lines of evidence: (a) the outer membrane is impenetrable to charged molecules of the size of acyl-CoA esters, adenine nucleotides, and pyridine nucleotides; (b) up to 60% of the total adenine nucleotides is localized in the outer membrane; (c) the release of AMP bound to the outer membrane is mediated by atractyloside; (d) exogenous adenine nucleotides can be bound by the outer membrane; (e) the loss of atractyloside inhibition parallels the loss (or alteration) of the outer membrane; (f) oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles such as ETPH is insensitive to atractyloside; and (g) the outer membrane contains a phosphoryl transferase (nucleoside monophosphokinase) which is atractyloside-sensitive.
Screening for depression in medical patients. Is the focus too narrow

Abstract There is growing consensus that depression is a major public health problem causing significant psychosocial morbidity and mortality which should be addressed by casefinding efforts in primary care settings. A large amount of literature has examined the ability of self-report questionnaires to detect depression in medical patients and the results have been encouraging. However, studies of general population and psychiatric patient samples indicate that depression is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, and that psychiatric disorders other than depression are also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, we believe that psychiatric screening in primary care should be broad based. We administered a newly developed, multidimensional questionnaire (the SCREENER), that simultaneously screens for a range of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders, to 508 medical outpatients attending a VA general medical clinic. Compared with nondepressed cases, the depressed patients significantly more often reported all of the nondepressive symptoms. Nine of the ten nondepressive disorders screened for by the SCREENER were significantly more frequent in the depressed group. Most patients who screened positive for depression also screened positive for at least one nondepressive disorder. Compared with patients who only screened positive for depression, those who screened positive for both depression and a nondepressive disorder rated their physical and emotional health more poorly and made more visits to the doctor. Compared with patients who did not screen positive for any disorder, those who only screened positive for a nondepressive disorder rated their physical and emotional health more poorly, and more frequently had a history of mental health treatment. The implications of these findings for screening for psychiatric disorders in medical patients are discussed.
In vivo pump-probe optical coherence tomography imaging in Xenopus laevis

Currently, optical coherence tomography (OCT), is not capable of obtaining molecular information often crucial for identification of disease. To enable molecular imaging with OCT, we have further developed a technique that harnesses transient changes in light absorption in the sample to garner molecular information. A Fourier-domain Pump-Probe OCT (PPOCT) system utilizing a 532 nm pump and 830 nm probe has been developed for imaging hemoglobin. Methylene blue, a biological dye with well-know photophysics, was used to characterize the system before investigating the origin of the hemoglobin PPOCT signal. The first in vivo PPOCT images were recorded of the vasculature in Xenopus laevis. The technique was shown to work equally well in flowing and nonflowing vessels. Furthermore, PPOCT was compared with other OCT extensions which require flow, such as Doppler OCT and phase-variance OCT. PPOCT was shown to better delineate tortuous vessels, where nodes often restrict Doppler and phase-variance reconstruction. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Internetworking with TCP/IP vol. III: client-server programming and applications

This is the Second Edition of Vol. III BSD Socket Version from one of the most popular TCP/IP Internetworking series ever published. This new edition includes code in ANSI C throughout. This is the only book available who's central theme is software design that teaches designers how to structure clients and servers. The server designs are directly applicable to WWW and other applications. The authors present the most complete coverage of server technology that allows designers to understand the costs and benefits of advanced server technologies. In addition, the Second Edition discusses the use of application gateways to allow client-server communication across heterogeneous protocols.
Biliary Tumor Ablation with Photodynamic Therapy and Radiofrequency Ablation

Within the past two decades, major progress has been made in biliary endoscopy both with stenting and with ablative therapy. A primary goal in patients with malignant biliary lesions who are not candidates for surgery is to provide localized and efficient necrosis of the lesions. This article summarizes the current literature on biliary tumor ablation with photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation. Prognosis, treatment technique, potential complications, treatment efficacy, and controversies are discussed.
Geometry driven volumetric registration

In this paper, we propose a novel method for the registration of volumetric images of the brain that attempts to maximize the overlap of cortical folds. In order to achieve this, relevant geometrical information is extracted from a surface-based morph and is diffused throughout the volume using the Navier operator of elasticity. The result is a volumetric warp that aligns the folding patterns.
Insights into the ground attachment process of natural lightning gained from an unusual triggered-lightning stroke

[1] We present measured electric and magnetic field and current derivatives from an unusual triggered-lightning stroke that was initiated by a dart-stepped leader and that involved an upward connecting leader. The initial rising portion of the current (integrated dI/dt) waveform is composed of a “slow front” rising to 20 kA in 2.2 μs, followed by a “fast transition” from 20 to 27 kA in 0.2 μs. A similar slow-front/fast-transition sequence has been observed in the currents and in the distant radiation fields of natural-lightning first strokes. Field derivatives measured at 15 and 30 m for the triggered-lightning stroke are similar to those measured for natural-lightning first strokes occurring within a few hundred meters. Two versions of the transmission line model, with the measured current derivative and assumed propagation speeds as input, are able to reasonably reproduce the slow fronts and fast transitions in the field derivatives measured at 15 and 30 m (the electric field slow front being primarily electrostatic) and predict the slow front in the distant radiation fields. These results suggest that the source of the slow fronts observed in the currents and in the distant radiation fields of natural first strokes is likely to be a pair of microsecond-scale current waves, each having a peak of up to some tens of kiloamperes, propagating in opposite directions from the junction of the descending and upward connecting leaders at a speed on the order of 108 m s−1, rather than the upward connecting leader itself, as is often thought.
Before and Beyond Anticipatory Intelligence: Assessing the Potential for Crowdsourcing and Intelligence Studies

Crowdsourcing is a new tool for businesses, academics, and now intelligence analysts. Enabled by recent technology, crowdsourcing allows researchers to harness the wisdom of crowds and provide recommendations and insight into complex problems. This paper examines the potential benefits and limitations of crowdsourcing for intelligence analysis and the intelligence community beyond its primary use: anticipatory intelligence. The author constructs a model and compares it to existing crowdsourcing theories in business, information science, and public policy. Finally, he offers advice for intelligence analysis and public policy. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol8/iss5/2
Commentary on "Psychologists and the Use of Torture in Interrogations"

In“PsychologistsandtheUseofTortureinInterrogations,”Costanzo,Gerrity,and Lykes (2007) make a number of important points. They repeatedly make cleartheir absolute and emphatic stance against the use of torture and other cruel, in-human, or degrading treatment or punishment by psychologists. Perhaps mostimportant, by crystallizing a particular aspect of the discussions on this challeng-ing issue, the authors seek to move our understanding of the ethical aspects ofpsychologists’ involvement in interrogations to a deeper level.To capture the importance of this article in moving discussions on the issueof ethics and interrogations forward, we suggest beginning at the end, where theauthors make four recommendations to “APA [American Psychological Associa-tion]andotherscholarlyandprofessionalassociationsofpsychologists”(Costanzoetal.,2007,doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2007.00118.x).Recommendation3ofthesefour is that the associations
Joint analysis of correlated repeated measures and recurrent events processes in the presence of death, with application to a study on acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Summary. In many longitudinal studies, we observe two correlated processes: a repeated measures process and a recurrent events process, both subject to a dependent terminal event. For example, in the ‘Terry Beirn community programs for clinical research on AIDS’ (CPCRA) study, higher CD4 cell counts are associated with lower risk of recurrent opportunistic diseases. They are also correlated with mortality, e.g. higher CD4 cell repeated measures and a lower rate of opportunistic disease imply better survival for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We propose a joint random-effects model for the three correlated outcomes. The correlation is modelled by conditioning on shared random effects. Covariate effects can be taken into account in the model. Maximum likelihood estimation and inference are carried out through a Gaussian quadrature technique, assuming piecewise constant baseline hazards for recurrent events and death. The model can be fitted conveniently by Gaussian quadrature tools, e.g. SAS procedure NLMIXED. Simulation studies show that the estimation method yields satisfactory results. We apply this method to the CPCRA data.
Relocating Gender and Rural Economic Strategies

In recent decades, increasing entrepreneurial activities among women have contributed to shifting livelihood strategies at the household, community, and regional scales. In this paper I examine home-based work in an economic network to highlight the intersection of gender and economic practices in rural Appalachia. The research demonstrates that these livelihood strategies both construct and are shaped by dynamic material conditions and social processes in place. Economic restructuring in the central Appalachian region has led to the reworking of economic strategies, despite a continued reliance by households on homework and informal activities. The case study for this project is an economic network comprised of sixty home-based workers who produce knitwear for regional and national markets. In-depth interviews and extensive fieldwork are used to examine the complexity of shifting economic livelihoods in the rural Appalachian context. The analysis focuses on the (re)negotiation of gender identities by hom...
Sugar Cane Cultivation and Rural Misery: Northeast Brazil

Sugar plantations were the basis of settlement by the Portuguese of northeastern Brazil. The legacies of monoculture agriculture include a highly stratified society controlled by a small group of elites, concentrated land ownership, and great inequities in income distribution. Agricultural modernization has caused these legacies to become more firmly entrenched. The government's program to produce alcohol from sugar cane to be used as fuel has caused cane cultivation to be expanded with a consequent deterioration of the situation for the rural poor. It is doubtful that Brazil's return to democratic government will appreciably improve the lot of these poor people.
Transport and magnetic properties of layered rare earth disilicides

Abstract The layered rare earth (RE) disilicides RE3Si5 with RE = Y, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu have been studied by means of ac magnetic susceptibility and ac electrical resistance measurements. Evidence for magnetic orderings have been found at 4.4K, 3.1K and 1.7K for Er3Si5 and at 2.1K for Tm3Si5. The resistance of Lu3Si5 was observed to drop abruptly below 7K, possibly indicating the presence of a superconducting phase. An apparent correlation was noted between the value of the room temperature resistivity and the amount of negative curvature observed in the resistivity above ∼ 50K in these materials.