cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breakage and coalescence models for drops in turbulent dispersions

A substantial effort has been made by numerous investigators to describe droplet breakage and coalescence in turbulent dispersions. An attempt is made here to improve these models based on existing frameworks and recent advances described in the literature. Two-step mechanisms are considered for both the breakage and coalescence models. The drop breakage function is structured as the product of the drop-eddy collision frequency and breakage efficiency which reflect the energetics of turbulent liquid-liquid dispersions. The coalescence function retains the former structure of the product of drop-drop collision frequency and coalescence efficiency. The coalescence efficiency model has been modified to account for the effects of film drainage for drops with partially mobile interfaces. These models overcome several inconsistencies observed in previous efforts and are applicable for dense dispersions (about ϕ[0.10–0.30]). For the daughter drops produced by breakage, a probability density is proposed based on the energy requirements for the formation of daughter drops.
Conceptual Design for the SSC High Energy Booster

A tremendous amount of work has been done over the course of the past several years on the design of dipole magnets for the SSC main collider. Although they dominate the total magnet cost for the project and thus deserve the tremendous research and development effort they have received, the main ring magnets represent only part of the magnet requirements for the SSC. This paper presents the work to date on the design of dipole magnets for the SSC high energy booster (HEB). A complete discussion of the design is beyond the scope of this work.1 Rather it serves as an overview of the main aspects of the complete design.
Systematic Underestimation of Tree Branch Lengths by Lake's Operator Metrics: An Effect of Position-dependent Substitution Rates

Lake has proposed a method, which he calls “operator metrics,” for estimating branch lengths (as transversion differences) on an unrooted phylogenetic tree of nucleotide sequences. Examination of published applications of operator metrics reveals that it often assigns branch lengths that sum to less than the observed sequence differences, indicating a substantial systematic bias. The problem occurs in all sets of sequence data examined. It is shown analytically that operator metrics does not yield the claimed estimate of transversion sequence differences when sequence positions differ in their nucleotide substitution rate, in which case the method underestimates tree branch lengths. The site-to-site variations in substitution rate that have been characterized by previous authors are of sufficient magnitude to explain the problems observed in the operator-metrics branch length estimates. Transversion substitutions estimated using Kimura’s two-parameter (transition / transversion) model are less subject to this problem and are more consistent with directly observed differences.
Patterns in student-student commenting

The virtual classroom under consideration supports students submitting exercise answers online and comments on exercise answers that include numerical scores. Automated quality control procedures track the student scores. The patterns of scores vary as a function of the pragmatic import of these student scores. Clear consequences of commenting must be enforced in the classroom before students will engage in fruitful commenting. The managerial problems that arise in courses that rely on extensive student-student commenting can be partially solved with automated tools that guide students to comment in fair and flexible ways.
Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the patellar fat pad: a report of two cases.

Summary Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee is a well-recognized entity. We report on two cases of localized PVNS that involved the patellar fat pad, an area of involvment not previously reported. Diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopies were performed, and typical findings of localized PVNS were found. Complete resection of the lesions were performed arthroscopically. At short-term follow-up, all symptoms had resolved. Arthroscopy can be used as an effective diagnostic tool for identification of intraarticular PVNS of the knee. In the case of localized involvement, it also can be considered as definitive treatment.
Energy-Efficient Cooperative Communication in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

We study a clustered wireless sensor network where sensors within each cluster forward the message to another cluster via cooperative communication techniques. Only those sensors that correctly decode the packet from the source can participate in the subsequent cooperative communication. Hence, the number of cooperating sensors is a random variable depending on both channel and noise realizations. We formulate a multi-variable optimization problem to minimize the overall energy consumption. With numerical methods, we investigate how the energy efficiency is affected by the transmit power allocation, the total number of sensors in a cluster, the end-to-end packet error rate requirement, and the relative magnitudes of intra-cluster and inter-cluster distances.
Novel role for mediator complex subunit Srb5/Med18 in termination of transcription.

Mediator complex functions at the recruitment as well as the post-recruitment steps of transcription. Here we provide evidence for a novel role of Mediator in termination of transcription. Mediator subunit Srb5/Med18 cross-links to the 5′ and 3′ ends of INO1 and CHA1. In srb5− cells, recruitment of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) onto the promoter of these genes remained unaffected, but cross-linking of the cleavage-polyadenylation factors Rna15 and Pta1 toward the 3′ end of genes was compromised. In these cells, RNA polymerase II accumulated near the 3′ end of genes and beyond. Transcription run-on analysis confirmed a transcription readthrough phenotype in the absence of Srb5/Med18. These results strongly suggest that Mediator subunit Srb5/Med18 is required for proper termination of transcription of a subset of genes in budding yeast.
Working at Play: BDSM Sexuality in the San Francisco Bay Area

In this article, I argue that BDSM sexuality should be conceptualized as a form of "working at play." Considering two dominant models of sexuality, identity and lifestyle, I argue that BDSM is more fluid and less binary than identity Moreover, while lifestyle focusses attention on BDSM as consumptive labour, this model does not adequately address the pleasure or sociality BDSM practitioners themselves emphasize. Instead, I argue that "working at play" recognizes the ways that practi- tioners move between registers of work (productive labour) and play (creative recombination). This analysis situates BDSM (and other sexualities) within the shifting cultural geography of U.S. late-modernity, drawing attention to the ways sexuality blurs boundaries between individual-social, real-pretend and leisure-labour.
Folate Receptor Targeted Delivery of siRNA and Paclitaxel to Ovarian Cancer Cells via Folate Conjugated Triblock Copolymer to Overcome TLR4 Driven Chemotherapy Resistance

This paper focuses on the ability of a folate-decorated triblock copolymer to deliver a targeted dose of siRNA in order to overcome chemotherapy resistance which can commonly cause complications in ovarian cancer patients. The micelleplexes that are formed upon electrostatic interaction with siRNA are used to deliver siRNA in a targeted manner to SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells that overexpress folate receptor-α (FRα). The triblock copolymer consists of polyethylenimine-graft-polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol). In this work, polymers of different molecular weights of PEG, as well as different grafting degrees of the (g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol) chains to PEI, were analyzed to optimize targeted siRNA delivery. The polymers, their micelleplexes, and the in vitro performance of the latter were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytrometry, western blot, confocal microscopy, and in luciferase assays. The different PEI-...
Hydraulic Design of Stilling Basins: Short Stilling Basins for Canal Structures, Small Outlet Works, and Small Spillways (Basin III)

Continuing the development in Paper 1402, this paper describes tests to generalize the design of a shorter stilling basin containing chute blocks, end sill, and one row of baffle piers. General design rules and sample problems are included. Critical basin dimensions, water surface profiles, and tail water ranges are presented in dimensionless forms.
The results obtained in a conservative teaching clinic among 2500 negro patients

Abstract This work was done in the Obstetrical Clinic of the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. The city has a colored population of about 75,000. Our clinic serves the total charity population, which is practically the entire population, and is the only refuge for badly handled cases. Sixty per cent of all negro births reported are cases delivered on our service. All of the normal cases in our series were delivered by senior students, under the direction of the resident obstetrician. The operative work, in large part, was done by a colleague and myself. The service in our clinic has been entirely indoors for the past several years, enabling us to exercise a closer supervision at all times. All of our obstetrical teaching revolves around two things: the mechanism of labor and conservatism. At the present time a majority of the cases admitted may be classed as poor surgical risks. Their living conditions are poor, hygiene miserable, food insufficient and poorly balanced. Nearly all of the cases are anemic. Four-plus Wassermanns are present in 30 to 35 per cent of the cases. Oral sepsis, chronic tonsillitis and constipation are the rule. Only 50 to 60 per cent of the cases delivered have attended the prenatal clinic.
Treatment for Vitamin D Deficiency Prior to Bariatric Surgery: a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background Since obesity increases vitamin D deficiency (VDD) risk, bariatric surgery candidates are high-risk. Previously, we documented 71.4 % VDD at our center.
Experiments with Oil Sprays used in the Control of the California Red Scale, Chrysomphalus Aurantii (Mask.) (Homoptera: Coccidae) on Lemons

Data are presented which indicate that the effectiveness of oil sprays is proportional to the heaviness of the oil and the percentage of oil used in the spray, and inversely proportional to the amount of spreader used in the spray. Within the range of sulfonation of the oils used in the tests, no significant difference in insecticidal efficiency of the sprays was caused by difference in sulfonation of the oils. Injury to foliage was found to be proportional to the heaviness of the oil and the percentage of oil used in the spray, and inversely proportional to the amount of spreader used and the sulfonation of the oil.
Electrochemical Functionalization in Wavefunction Engineering of Epitaxial Graphene

Chemical modification of graphene web has attracted strong interest in engineering a band gap in graphene and in altering its magnetic and solubility properties. Electrochemical methods to functionalize graphene have emerged as attractive protocols to covalently modify graphene. Kolbe reaction, which involves the electrochemical oxidation of arylacetates (generation of α-naphthylmethyl radicals, in our present case), allows reversible grafting of radicals to graphene surface; the electro-erasing of the functional groups leads to graphene at its nearly pristine state. The surface coverage can be controlled from densely-packed (ideal as organic dielectrics) to sparsely functionalized surface (ideal for introducing reasonable band gap in graphene) with well-ordered structural patterning of the functional groups on EG surface by fine adjustment of electrochemical conditions. Such a control of the layer structure and packing of the functional groups over the graphene surface is an essential issue in the development of graphene chemistry.
Variation in proteolysis, sarcomere length, collagen content, and tenderness among major pork muscles.

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the extent of variation in proteolysis, sarcomere length, and collagen content among pork muscles and the association of those factors with tenderness variation among muscles at 1 d postmortem. Twenty-three white composite barrows were slaughtered and carcasses (66 kg) were chilled at 0 degrees C for 24 h. At 1 d postmortem, the longissimus lumborum, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and triceps brachii, long head were dissected from one side of each carcass and frozen. Trained sensory panelists evaluated tenderness, amount of connective tissue, juiciness, and pork flavor intensity of grilled (70 degrees C) chops on 8-point scales. Raw chops were used for total collagen content, sarcomere length, and the extent of desmin proteolysis. Tenderness ratings were highest (P < .05) for semitendinosus (7.2) and triceps brachii (7.1), followed by longissimus lumborum (6.4) and semimembranosus (5.7) and were lowest (P < .05) for biceps femorus (4.0). The simple correlations between longissimus lumborum tenderness and the tenderness of other muscles were .54 (semimembranosus), .34 (semitendinosus), .36 (triceps branchii), and .17 (biceps femorus). Total collagen was highest (P < .05) for biceps femorus (7.1 mg/g muscle), followed by triceps branchii (6.0 mg/g) and semitendinosus (5.3 mg/g), and lowest for semimembranosus (4.5 mg/g) and longissimus lumborum (4.1 mg/g). Sarcomere length was longest (P < .05) for semitendinosus (2.5 microm) and triceps branchii (2.4 microm), followed by semimembranosus (1.8 microm), longissimus lumborum (1.8 microm), and biceps femorus (1.7 microm). Proteolysis of desmin was greatest (P < .05) in longissimus lumborum (39.3%), followed by semimembranosus (21.0%) and biceps femoris (18.5%), then semitendinosus (.2%) and triceps brachii (.2%). Multiple linear regression using total collagen, sarcomere length, and proteolysis accounted for 57% of the variation in tenderness rating among all samples. Piecewise linear regression was used to account for the interaction of sarcomere length with proteolysis and collagen. This analysis accounted for 72% of the variation in tenderness rating. Variation in collagen, proteolysis, and sarcomere length and the degree of their interaction with one another determine the tenderness of individual muscles.
Effect of cold and drought stress on blueberry dehydrin accumulation

SummaryDehydrins are a group of plant proteins which respond to any type of stress that causes dehydration at the cellular level, such as cold and drought stress. Previously, three dehydrins of 65, 60, and 14.kDa were identified as the predominant proteins present in cold acclimated blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosumLinn.) floral buds. Levels were shown to increase with cold acclimation and decrease with deacclimation and resumption of growth. In the present study, to determine if dehydrins are induced in other organs in response to low temperature treatment (48C) and in response to drought, accumulation of dehydrins was examined in leaves, stems, and roots of two cultivars and one wild selection (a V. corymbosum cultivar, a V. ashei Reade cultivar, and a V. darrowi Camp selection) of blueberry by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting. Cold treatment involved placing plants in a cold room maintained at 48C for five weeks; drought stress was imposed by withholding water ...
Identification of Vessels By Lectin-Immunoperoxidase Staining of Endothelium: Possible Applications in Urogenital Malignancies

AbstractUlex europaeus agglutinin I binds specifically to vascular endothelium of various human tissues irrespective of the blood group type or secretive status of the tissue. Using this property, we have developed immunoperoxidase technique to identify vessel structures in urogenital tissues. Most vessels in malignant and nonmalignant tissues of bladder, prostate and testis of different blood types (A, B, AB and O) can be readily identified by this method. This technique has potential application in detecting tumor cell invasion of vessels and in studying distribution of vessels in relation to various normal and pathological events.
Unpacking the Treatment Contrast in the Head Start Impact Study: To What Extent Does Assignment to Treatment Affect Quality of Care?

ABSTRACTAttending high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) is associated with higher cognitive and social-emotional skills, especially for children growing up in poverty, but access to high-quality ECCE is limited. This study capitalizes on the random assignment design of the Head Start Impact Study to better understand whether the randomized offer to attend Head Start, a free comprehensive child development program for low-income and at-risk children, raises the quality of ECCE in which children enroll. Multinomial logistic regression was used to isolate the intent-to-treat impacts of random assignment to Head Start on ECCE quality from impacts on enrollment in formal ECCE. Results indicate that children randomly assigned to receive Head Start (treatment), compared to children in the control group, were more likely to enroll in high-quality and, to a lesser extent, low-quality ECCE. Treatment impacts were largest at the high end of the quality distribution, were driven by increased enrollme...
State and Local Tax Incentives: A Weapon in the War to Attract Distribution Facilities

This paper reports some preliminary results of reseach currently in progress that analyzes the attitudes of “snowbelt buyers” and of “sunbelt suppliers” regarding the importance of a series of state and local tax incentives which are sometimes provided to encourage firms to locate distribution facilities in a particular area.
Low-loss TiO 2 planar waveguides for nanophotonic applications

We deposit TiO 2 planar waveguides on oxidized silicon substrates by reactive sputtering. The films exhibit Raman spectra consistent with an amorphous or anatase phase and have losses as low as 0.4 dB/cm at 826 nm.
Investigating Flipped Learning: Student Self-Regulated Learning, Perceptions, and Achievement in an Introductory Biology Course

In flipped classrooms, lectures, which are normally delivered in-class, are assigned as homework in the form of videos, and assignments that were traditionally assigned as homework, are done as learning activities in class. It was hypothesized that the effectiveness of the flipped model hinges on a student’s desire and ability to adopt a self-directed learning style. The purpose of this study was twofold; it aimed at examining the relationship between two variables—students’ perceptions of the flipped model and their self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors—and the impact that these variables have on achievement in a flipped class. For the study, 76 participants from a flipped introductory biology course were asked about their SRL strategy use and perceptions of the flipped model. SRL strategy use was measured using a modified version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ; Wolters et al. 2005), while the flipped perceptions survey was newly derived. Student letter grades were collected as a measure of achievement. Through regression analysis, it was found that students’ perceptions of the flipped model positively predict students’ use of several types of SRL strategies. However, the data did not indicate a relationship between student perceptions and achievement, neither directly nor indirectly, through SRL strategy use. Results suggest that flipped classrooms demonstrate their successes in the active learning sessions through constructivist teaching methods. Video lectures hold an important role in flipped classes, however, students may need to practice SRL skills to become more self-directed and effectively learn from them.
Generation of cocrystals of Tavaborole (AN2690): opportunities for boron-containing APIs

Cocrystals of the FDA-approved boron-containing API Tavaborole (AN2690) were obtained through solvent evaporation with coformers functionalized with 4-pyridyl groups. The components form three- and four-component supramolecular assemblies sustained by a combination of (B)OH⋯Npyr hydrogen bonds and C–H⋯F interactions, as demonstrated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Three cocrystals are isostructural.
Process design kit and modulator simulation for hybrid silicon-lithium niobate integrated optics

A set of optical components for the hybrid silicon-lithium niobate platform is designed and tabulated as robust parameterized-cells. Eye diagrams of an IQ electro-optic modulator are simulated at 25 and 50 Gbps.
A Multiparameter Tactile Display System for Teleoperation

Abstract Tactile feedback promises to improve the dexterity of telemanipulation by providing information about the contact between the remote robot’s fingers and the grasped object. This paper reports the development of a system for relaying two tactile parameters, vibration and small-scale object shape. The appropriate sensors are mounted in the gripping surface of the remote slave robot’s hand, while the tactile display devices are mounted at the operator’s finger tips on the master manipulator. For vibrations, the sensor is a miniature accelerometer, and the display is a voice coil actuator. This system is capable of relaying small vibrations from 50 to 1000 Hz. For small-scale shape, the sensor is a 16x16 mm 64 element tactile array sensor which measures the pressure distribution across the contact area. The tactile shape display raises and lowers a grid of pins to recreate this pressure distribution on the operator’s finger tips. Experimental tests with a force-reflecting teleoperated hand show that the system improves task performance and aids in object localization.
High fidelity virtual reality orthognathic surgery simulator

Surgical simulators are powerful tools that assist in providing advanced training for complex craniofacial surgical procedures and objective skills assessment such as the ones needed to perform Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO). One of the crucial steps in simulating BSSO is accurately cutting the mandible in a specific area of the jaw, where surgeons rely on high fidelity visual and haptic cues. In this paper, we present methods to simulate drilling and cutting of the bone using the burr and the motorized oscillating saw respectively. Our method allows low computational cost bone drilling or cutting while providing high fidelity haptic feedback that is suitable for real-time virtual surgery simulation.
Improved Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer With Software-assisted Systematic Biopsy Using MR/US Fusion in Patients With Negative Prostate MRI.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason 7 or above) between standard transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUSGB) and software-assisted systematic biopsy (SASB) using magnetic resonance/ultrasound fusion in the setting of negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in biopsy-naive patients. Methods We reviewed our prospectively maintained database of consecutive men that underwent prostate biopsy following mpMRI from September 2015 to December 2016. Patients with no prior biopsy (ie, biopsy naive) whose mpMRI demonstrated no targetable lesions were included. Patients underwent either TRUSGB (n = 23) or SASB (n = 29). SASB was performing using the MRI/US fusion systematic template. Prebiopsy data were collected, and the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer was compared between biopsy approaches. Results Baseline patient characteristics were similar between the TRUSGB and SASB groups. Clinically significant prostate cancer was found in no patients undergoing TRUSGB and in 6 patients undergoing SASB (0 vs 21%, P = .028). Conclusion Based on our institutional experience, SASB is associated with a higher detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer when compared to TRUSGB for biopsy-naive patients with negative prostate mpMRI. Software co-registration of the MRI and ultrasound image may optimize the distribution of biopsy cores allowing for improved prostate cancer detection compared to conventional TRUSGB.
Androgens in prenatal development: behavior changes in nonhuman primates and men.

Abstract: Studies on nonhuman primates and on several human clinical samples of genetic females exposed to high levels of prenatal androgen have consistently documented modifications in several aspects of sexually dimorphic behavior. In a recent family study of genetic females and genetic males with the early-treated adrenogenital syndrome, 17 female patients were compared with a sample of 11 unaffected female siblings. The fetally androgenized females were significantly more often long-term tomboys with a behavior cluster centering around intense energy expenditure in outdoor activities, on the one hand, and a low interest in rehearsal of parenting behavior, on the other hand. Since normal gender identification as a female seemed to be unaffected, the results suggest that effects of prenatal androgen on human behavior in genetic females have to be viewed as modifications in temperament within the spectrum of acceptable feminine behavior.
Headache in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Headaches are one of the most common symptoms associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). According the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3), posttraumatic headache (PTH) may be acute if there is new onset headache or worsening primary headache for less than 3 months. Persistent posttraumatic headache (PPTH) occurs when headache is present for 3 months or more. Risk factors include the female gender, younger age, a history of recurrent head and neck injuries, medication overuse, and litigation. The exact cause of PTH is unknown; however, there are a number of pathological mechanisms in mild TBI (mTBI) that may contribute to functional and structural changes associated with the generation of head pain. This chapter reviews the recent advances in the understanding of PTH, including the epidemiology, basic science, diagnostic evaluations, treatment, and management of mTBI, as well as future research considerations. Special populations of patients with headaches associated with mTBI will be discussed.
SCUBA Medicine for otolaryngologists: Part I. Diving into SCUBA physiology and injury prevention.

Objectives Introduce pertinent self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) physiology and corresponding terminology. Appreciate the scope of diving and related otolaryngological injury. Illustrate pathophysiologic mechanisms for diving injuries. Summarize strategies for ear, paranasal sinus, and lung barotrauma prevention, including medical optimization and autoinsufflation techniques. Methods We conducted a review of the available medical and diving literature in English, German, Spanish, Italian Turkish, and French to determine the degree of evidence or lack thereof behind recommendations for treating SCUBA divers. The databases of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane library, as well available textbooks, were queried for relevant data. Results Divers are subjected to large pressure gradients within the first few meters of descent. This can lead to gas embolism formation as well as barotrauma secondary to gas expansion/compression in potential closed spaces such as the middle ear, paranasal sinuses, and lungs. Physicians can minimize the risk of injury by counseling patients regarding proper equalization and descent/ascent techniques, and optimizing sinonasal and eustachian tube function. The use of decongestants is controversial. Conclusions Diving is an increasingly popular sport with predominantly otolaryngologic manifestations of injury and disease. Treating SCUBA divers requires a firm understanding of how physiology is altered underwater. This review presents the relevant background information using illustrations to understand the environmental forces acting on divers and how to prevent injury. Laryngoscope, 130:52-58, 2020.
Snap-valve cerebral shunt design for intracranial pressure operation and ultrasound visualization.

Abstract Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) shunts are the main treatment for hydrocephalus. They divert excess CSF from the ventricular system to the abdominal, pleural, or intravascular space where it is absorbed. The shunt valve regulates flow based on intracranial pressure (ICP) to maintain a physiologically stable and safe ICP. Shunt malfunction is difficult to detect, life-threatening and common. The present study demonstrates that snap-though buckling (STB) shells can be transformed into pressure-relief valves that act in the normal physiological range of ICP. Three different shell designs in this preliminary experiment were found to have opening and closing pressures that fall within the physiologically normal range of ICP of 6 to 25 cm H2O. Furthermore, these STB shells demonstrate a valve actuation that is visible by ultrasound and have an implantable form-factor that is similar to currently available shunt valves. The unique characteristics of STB shell valves have potential clinical applications for shunt monitoring using ultrasound imaging and can be fabricated from antibiotic-impregnated materials to mitigate shunt infection. These characteristics make STB valves attractive for future use in cerebral shunt systems.
Biliary Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Review of the Literature

Biliary mucinous cystadenomas are cystic neoplasms commonly mistaken for simple cysts. They are rare and generally benign tumors, often incidentally found on imaging and during unrelated surgical interventions. They tend to be slow growing though may reach symptomatic dimensions. Misdiagnosis of biliary mucinous cystadenomas may have serious consequences secondary to their potential for malignant transformation into biliary mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. Here, we review the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, diagnostic modalities, histology, and available treatment methods for mucinous cystadenomas reported in current literature.
Immunofluorescence-based Determination of Centrosome Number in Tissue Samples

Centrosome numerical abnormalities have been reported in a variety of tumors. Centrosome numbers in cancer cells display both inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The over production of centrosomes (centrosome amplification) is unique in cancer cells and is a promising target for therapy. Thus, a method to quantify centrosome numbers on a single cell level is needed. Here, we describe a protocol to quantify centrosome numbers in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples by multiplexing antibodies to define bona fide centrosomes and cell borders. Centrosomes in single cells are identified using high resolution immunofluorescent microscopy with Z-sectioning. This protocol is easy to perform and has been used to quantify centrosome numbers on a single cell level in a variety of human tissue samples.
The Cartesian Framework

In this chapter, I begin to explain Descartes’s account of virtuous belief formation by doing two things. First, I clarify his conception of the nature of belief. Second, I elucidate the significance of this clarification for understanding, what I call, “the Cartesian framework for virtuous belief formation.” In particular, I explain (1) that the framework is comprehensive insofar as it consists of a method of belief formation that includes not only a method of enquiry and a method of judgment but also a method of belief fixation, (2) that it is modest insofar as it is intended to be understood in light of its proper context and limits, and (3) that it consists of a normative method with a distinctive focus on virtues by which people should be able not only to unmask the beauty of the sciences but also to raise their natures to a higher degree of perfection.
The Content of the Elementary School Geometry Program.

The collection of mathematical concepts, facts, and skills alluded to in the first goal may vary considerably. The goal does not imply the long-held contention that there exists a minimal collection of mathematical "things" that every student must know to operate efficiently in our society. The essential thing is that the concepts, facts, and skills be consistent with the overall goals of elementary education. The second goal implies that instruction should provide numerous opportunities for the students to use mathematical tools in solving problems. Some problems should be applications to real life situations that help the student to acquire more concepts, facts, and skills. In addition, there must be problems which are just fun to do. The third goal is an important, and most general, goal of all instruction. This goal suggests a major emphasis on the inductive aspect of mathematics drawing conclusions from several known cases. The de-
Implementing a Decentralized Volt/VAR Scheme on a Smart Distribution System

Voltage regulation in distribution networks gets more challenging with the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). With the recent amendment to IEEE 1547, distributed energy resources (DERs) with smart inverters are required to provide reactive power (VAR) support capability. Incorporating these smart inverters into conventional volt-var schemes is challenging as they are SCADA based central control schemes. This paper investigates the requirementes for implementing a decentralized volt-var scheme. The scheme coordinates traditional volt-var control (VVC) devices with smart inverters. Simulations on the IEEE 123 node system is used to assess the performance of the proposed scheme and to estimate its communication requirements.
Correcting the Nostra Aetate Legend: The Contested, Minimal, and Almost Failed Effort to Embrace a Tragedy and Amend Christian Attitudes Toward Jews, Muslims, and the Followers of Other Religions

Not even Pope John XXIII anticipated from his council a document on Jewish relations, much less interreligious relations. An unexpected appointment in June 1960 with the Holocaust survivor Jules Isaac, planted the idea in the pope’s mind and also with Cardinal Agustin Bea, S.J., head of the newly formed Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity. Bea concurred that the Secretariat might facilitate relations with the Jews in the preparations for the council. The idea eventually required a statement, but a first draft was removed from the agenda for Middle East concerns, just weeks before the council’s opening. Pope John restored the document to the agenda after the first session, and a draft on the Jews grew, like the biblical mustard seed, into a tree, “in which all the non-Christian religions find a place in it.” Truly an outcome of the conciliar process, Nostra Aetate is the shortest but most controversial, in certain ways, of all “sixteen documents.” The election of Paul VI quickly became a factor in its favor with his support for another secretariat “for those who profess religions other than those among Christians” and his 1964 encyclical promoting dialogue, Ecclesiam Suam. The Secretariat drew help from missionaries, experts on Islam and the other traditions, and bishops from Asia and Africa and addressed serious challenges from Eastern Catholic bishops and from a minority refusing to change. Paulist Thomas Stransky, an original member of Bea’s staff, commented after its final approval, “What is said in the declaration may seem naive in centuries to come, but at the present, it would be difficult for the council to come up with any more than it has.”
Explorations in Baltic medical history, 1850–2015: edited by Nils Hansson and Jonatan Wistrand, Rochester, University of Rochester Press, 2019, 270 pp., $85.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-58046-940-1

This ten-chapter anthology is an invitation to reflect on the interconnectedness of knowledge circuits and practices within the Baltic region and outward connections that have influenced the discip...
CREB Participates in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain Genesis Through Transcriptional Activation of Dnmt3a in Primary Sensory Neurons.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) often occurs in cancer patients treated with antineoplastic drugs. Therapeutic management of CIPNP is very limited, at least in part due to the largely unknown mechanisms that underlie CIPNP genesis. Here, we showed that systemic administration of the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel significantly and time-dependently increased the levels of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Blocking this increase through DRG microinjection of Creb siRNA attenuated paclitaxel-induced mechanical, heat, and cold nociceptive hypersensitivities. Mimicking this increase through DRG microinjection of the adeno-associated virus 5 expressing full-length Creb mRNA led to enhanced responses to basal mechanical, heat, and cold stimuli in mice in absence of paclitaxel treatment. Mechanically, paclitaxel-induced increase of DRG CREB protein augmented Dnmt3a promoter activity and participated in the paclitaxel-induced upregulation of DNMT3a protein in the DRG. CREB overexpression also elevated the expression of DNMT3a in in vivo and in vitro DRG neurons of naive mice. Given that DNMT3a is an endogenous instigator of CIPNP and that CREB co-expresses with DNMT3a in DRG neurons, CREB may be a key player in CIPNP through transcriptional activation of the Dnmt3a gene in primary sensory neurons. CREB is thus a likely potential target for the therapeutic management of this disorder.
Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to Investigate the Construct Validity of the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale

One of the primary goals of higher education is to enhance students’ critical thinking skills as they work to complete their program of study. As such, it is for critical educators and academic pro...
A Consolidated Approach towards Application of Machine Learning Principles in Additive Manufacturing

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has garnered significant attention all over the world due to the exemplary benefits attained during design to achieving superior part quality. Researchers have also started utilizing machine learning (ML) tools to aid the AM process. Emphasis has been laid on the availability of ample datasets and the ease of their acquisition. The need for establishment of feature libraries has been highlighted. Different ML techniques and associated models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision Trees (DT), Deep Convolution Network (DNN), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are being used by researchers for optimization of parameters, defect detection, creation of online monitoring systems as well as predicting the powder spreading mechanism for AM. In fact, most ML tools are utilized either for classification or regression purposes. This paper focuses on the availability of the resources required to employ ML in AM, the applications of ML in AM, present limitations, and potential opportunities for extended use in future.
Geographic Distribution of Ophiosphaerella Species in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is primarily caused by Ophiosphaerella herpotricha and Ophiosphaerella korrae in North America. These two species respond differently to nu...
Breaking Windows: Estimating Some Costs of Breaking up Microsoft Windows

Warning: This is not an academic paper, but a relatively short applied advocacy article for non economists. Because of the high level of interest in the topic, I thought it might be worthwhile to make it available on the Social Science Research Network Library. This article attempts to roughly estimate one of the costs of breaking Microsoft Windows operating system into three components. It is found that developers are likely to incur extra costs of $30 billion over 3 years. Other papers related to the Microsoft Case: "Creating Competition in the Market for Operating Systems: A Structural Remedy for Microsoft" by Thomas M. Lenard. "The Flawed Fragmentation Critique of Structural Remedies in the Microsoft Case" by Robert J. Levinson, R. Craig Romaine, and Steven C. Salop. "A Fool's Paradise: The Windows World After a Forced Breakup of Microsoft" by Stan J. Liebowitz. Our database includes more than 20 other papers about the Microsoft case. To find them, please use an "abstract body" search,. and enter "Microsoft" as the search term.
Elastic wave propagation along a set of parallel fractures

[1] Previous studies on elastic wave propagation in fractured media have demonstrated that a single planar fracture supports fracture interface waves and that two plane parallel fractures support fracture channel waves. Here, the results are presented for plane wave propagation through an infinite number of plane parallel fractures with equal fracture spacing and fracture stiffnesses. Analysis of the dispersion equations for this fractured system demonstrates that these waves exhibit symmetric and antisymmetric particle motions, degenerate to classical Rayleigh-Lamb plate waves when the fractures are completely open, and possess dispersive velocities that are functions of both the fracture stiffness and spacing. Time-frequency analysis performed on a series of laboratory ultrasonic transmission measurements on a fractured rock analog shows good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Flow electrification measurements in a Couette flow facility

A rotating cylindrical electrode experiment, with cylindrical Couette flow, has been used to simulate flow electrification in an electric power transformer. A simple model relates the terminal open circuit voltage and short circuit current to the charge redistribution by the flowing fluid. Sample measurements of the volume charge density in the oil and the terminal quantities are found to be in qualitative agreement with the model. >
Desigualdad sanitaria, libertarismo e igualitarismo

Resumen: Los sistemas sanitarios de Chile y Estados Unidos estan en crisis. Los resulta­ dos desiguales que han producido hacen necesario insistir en el problema de los determi­ nantes sociales de las desigualdades sanitarias y en el modo en que la teoria de la justicia del “liberalismo igualitario” permiten responder al libertarismo —que rechaza la legitimi ­ dad de la redistribucion de recursos sociales y deja las demandas de cuidado sanitario a la caridad y al mercado—, fundamentando moralmente que el cuidado sanitario es un dere­ cho basico esencial que afecta de manera sustancial las oportunidades de bienestar y par­ ticipacion de las personas. Palabras clave: salud, desigualdad, libertarismo, beneficencia. Health Inequality, Libertarianism and Egalitarianism
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: current diagnosis, biologic behavior, and management.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. GISTs occur throughout the GI tract but are usually located in the stomach and small intestine. The majority of GISTs are immunohistochemically positive for c-kit protein (CD117) and CD34. GISTs express a heterogeneous clinical course not easily predicted by standard pathological means. The most important prognostic factors are size >5 cm, tumor necrosis, infiltration and metastasis to other sites, mitotic count >1–5 per 10 high-powered fields, and most recently, mutation in the c-kit gene. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, as chemotherapy and radiation are ineffective. Long-term follow-up is imperative, as recurrence rates are high.
Effect of histamine and cimetidine on amino acid meal-stimulated gastrin release at a controlled intragastric pH in healthy human beings

Abstract Results of several experiments have suggested that histamine-2 receptors play an inhibitory role in regulating gastrin release. We evaluated this prospectively in healthy human beings by infusing intravenously either histamine (0.33 μg/kg/min) or cimetidine (3.33 mg/min) during a continuous 3-h intragastric infusion of a 3% mixed amino acid meal, a potent stimulus of gastrin release. In order to be certain that effects of histamine or cimetidine on gastrin release were independent of their known effects on gastric acid secretion, intragastric pH was maintained at 5.0 by in vivo intragastric titration with sodium bicarbonate or hydrochloric acid. Although histamine and cimetidine had significant effects on gastric acid secretion, neither significantly affected the rises in serum gastrin concentrations during intragastric amino acid infusion. For example, mean gastrin rises above basal concentrations were 39 ± 9 pg/ml on the control day, 39 ± 9 pg/ml on the histamine day and 44 ± 11 pg/ml on the cimetidine day ( P > 0.05). Thus, blockade or stimulation of H 2 -receptors at the doses tested had no effect on gastrin release in response to an amino acid meal in humans when intragastric pH was maintained at 5.0.
Decrease of three lysosomal enzymes in guinea pig macrophages activated by lymphocyte mediators

Guinea pig peritoneal macrophages incubated for 72 h with MIF-rich medium which results in an activation of certain physiological functions have decreased specific activity of the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase,Β-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D, and decreased phagocytosis of denatured particulate hemoglobin in comparison to control cells. Enhanced release of enzymes does not account for the decrease in lysosomal enzyme activity because these enzymes cannot be detected in the supernatant of the cells. Furthermore, when macrophages are activated by whole sensitized and stimulated lymphocytes, the specific activities of the lysosomal enzymes are also decreased or unchanged. It is therefore unlikely that the defense mechanisms of macrophages which are enhanced by lymphocyte mediators include an increase in lysosomal enzyme activity.
Effects of antiserum on the systemic response in mice caused by a component isolated from an extract of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom apparatus

Abstract An extract of brown recluse spider ( Loxosceles reclusa ) venom apparatuses causes death in mice when injected i.p., but causes no local response when sublethal doses are injected s.c. An antiserum was produced against the extract by i.v. injection in a rabbit. Preincubation of a component, isolated from the brown recluse venom apparatus extract, with the antiserum resulted in a loss of its lethal activity in mice. Post-treatment of component-challenged mice with the antiserum was successful if accomplished 0·5 hr after challenge, but not at 1·0 and 2·0 hr.
Emerging Qualities of Effective Teaching: Embracing New Literacies

AbstractIn response to calls for changes in teaching and teacher education, the authors propose a framework for change called the Emerging Qualities of Effective Teaching Continuum. The continuum integrates critical components that identify the movement of education from a teacher-centered focus toward a focus in which teacher and student work together to shape the learning process in a technologically enhanced world. This new focus requires both students and teachers to embrace new literacies that have been reframed for the demands of a global context.