cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why You Should Submit Your Manuscript to Journal of Financial Reporting

If you submit a paper to JFR, we will keep the paper true to your goals and true to what it actually does and finds. All studies make compromises, and we encourage authors to do so. You need only explain why you've chosen the compromises you have, and be honest in what readers can conclude. Reasonable disagreements about commentary on the paper's implications won't be a bar to publication. Instead, we'll hash them out in published discussions.
Epidemiology and survival outcomes of sinonasal verrucous carcinoma in the United States.

Introduction Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare, variant of squamous cell carcinoma with benign cytohistopathologic features and a generally favorable prognosis. Epidemiologic and clinical outcomes data are lacking as a result of limited cases of sinonasal VC. Objective To describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with verrucous carcinoma of the sinonasal tract between the years of 1973 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods The SEER registry was utilized to calculate survival trends for patients with verrucous carcinoma of the sinonasal tract between 1973 and 2014. Patient data then was analyzed with respect to age, sex, race, and treatment modalities (surgery and radiation therapy). Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated. Results A total of 86 cases of VC of the sinonasal tract were identified. The cohort was comprised of 69.8% males. The mean age at diagnosis was 67.4 years. The nasal cavity was the most common primary site (51.2%), followed by the maxillary sinus (40.7%) and nasopharynx (5.8%). The median OS was 97.6 months. 89.5% of cases underwent surgery and 20.9% received both surgery and radiation therapy. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 73%, 59%, and 36%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (P < 0.05) and primary site (P < 0.05) were associated with worse OS and DSS, respectively. Primary nasopharyngeal tumor site was associated with reduced DSS (P < 0.05). Surgery improved OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P < 0.001). Conclusion Verrucous carcinoma of the sinonasal tract is associated with a generally favorable prognosis. Age, primary site, and surgical therapy are independent predictors of OS and DSS, respectively. We present the first population-based analysis of sinonasal VC, thus clarifying the prognosis and reinforcing the management of this malignancy. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
Quality Online Learning: e-Learning Strategies for Higher Education

This chapter is structured to target what we have identified as five key dimensions of planning, developing, and maintaining successful online learning specific to your educational institution. This chapter is written to be helpful to you whether you are just getting started with online learning or already have a strategy in place that you want to refine or further develop. In order to best maximize your efforts, we recommend that you (1) establish quality as a top priority; (2) customize your e-Learning approach for your institution; (3) invest in learning design and faculty development; (4) work strategically with educational technology and its vendors; and (5) leverage the e-Learning community. Each of the sections includes a brief overview of the essential information you need to know about the topic and then provides concrete suggestions for what you can do at your institution in order to make progress in that area. The authors of this chapter have over 40 years of combined experience in online education, starting as learning designers and moving into leadership roles. We have structured this chapter based on our professional experiences and our personal commitment to and passion for quality in e-Learning.
Early Onset Scoliosis Treated with Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods

Early onset scoliosis presents a challenging problem for both the patient and treating surgeon. Multiple techniques have been described to preserve growth and pulmonary development while managing the spinal deformity. A recent advancement has been the creation of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR). In this chapter we present the case of a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome and a 109° curve. He initially underwent treatment with traditional spine-based growing rods (TGR) and underwent conversion to MCGR when it became available in the United States. He has continued to be managed by magnetic lengthening and has not yet undergone final fusion. His curve has been maintained between 30 and 40° with the use of MCGR. He has had no complications to date.
Bipedalism and Musculoskeletal Stress Markers: Variation and What It Reveals About Adaptation, Environmental Stress, and Reconstructing Activity Patterns

Understanding the origins of bipedalism has been an important part of anthropological research. Many traits have been used to determine bipedalism, but musculoskeletal stress markers (MSMs) have not received much attention by paleoanthropologists. MSMs are observable locations on bone where muscles, tendons, or ligaments attach. Bioarchaeologists use MSMs to reconstruct activities. Using MSMs, anthropologists have addressed issues regarding differences in activity patterns (within and between populations) related to subsistence patterns, sex differences in specific activities, and the effects of terrain types. However, age and body weight are confounding factors of MSMs. Regardless of activity, it seems that older and larger individuals have greater MSM scores than younger and smaller individuals. Since these two factors are difficult to control for in the fossil record, paleoanthropologists may be reluctant to use MSMs to determine bipedalism. This chapter looks at the evidence of nonhuman primate research and modern human variation to deduce whether MSMs on fossils can be successfully analyzed to aid in understanding the evolution of bipedalism.
Chronopharmacokinetics of oral methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine: is there diurnal variation in the disposition of antileukemic therapy?

The chronopharmacokinetics of the orally administered antileukemic drugs, 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, were examined in 13 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to establish if there is a pharmacokinetic basis for the lower relapse rate associated with administration of these agents in the evening. Children with ALL in complete remission had plasma drug concentrations monitored for 8 h following an oral dose of either methotrexate or 6-mercaptopurine administered in the morning (8 a.m.) and the evening (8 p.m.). Total drug exposure to oral methotrexate, as measured by the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), was 2.75 microM.h following the morning dose and 2.77 microM.h in the evening. For 6-mercaptopurine, the mean morning AUC (198 ng.h/ml) was higher than that following the evening dose (167 ng.h/ml) (p greater than 0.05); but compared to the wide interpatient variability observed with this drug, this 20% difference is not likely to be clinically significant. These results indicate that the suggested benefit of evening drug administration is not likely to be a result of diurnal variation in drug disposition.
Biogenesis of Green Plant Thylakoid Membranes

Biogenesis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes involves the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and pigments and their assembly into an elaborate membrane system containing four different supramolecular photosynthetic complexes. In addition, because these biogenetic processes begin during early stages of plastid development, where plastids contain little internal membrane, thylakoid membrane formation also entails substantial membrane flow from the envelope. Most thylakoid proteins are encoded in the nucleus and synthesized in the cytosol—the remainder are encoded and synthesized in the plastid. Nuclear-encoded thylakoid proteins are imported into the plastid by a translocation apparatus that evolved after endosymbiosis, and the imported proteins are routed into thylakoids by translocation systems that evolved in prokaryotes prior to endosymbiosis. Four different translocation pathways have been described for thylakoids. The Sec pathway transports proteins in an unfolded conformation to the lumen; the ΔpH-dependent/Tat pathway transports folded proteins to the lumen; the spontaneous pathway integrates one class of membrane proteins; the cpSRP pathway appears dedicated to targeting and assembly of multispanning LHC proteins. Assembly of LHC proteins represents an interesting situation. A novel component of the cpSRP system has been employed to specifically adapt the SRP system to posttranslational integration. In addition, LHC proteins require chlorophyll for their integration and stability. Thus the site(s) of chlorophyll synthesis likely determine the exact site of LHC integration. Although the thylakoid membrane is the site of translocation/integration in immature and mature chloroplasts, evidence increasingly points to the inner envelope membrane as the site of insertion during very early plastid developmental stages, and envelope invagination combined with vesicular traffic as the vehicle for relocating lipids and proteins to the plastid interior. In such a scenario, the translocons and chlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes should be located in the envelope in developing proplastids. Recent cloning of the genes for these proteins should soon allow a test of this hypothetical mechanism.
A 32-Gb/s C2C-DAC-Based PAM-4 Wireline Transmitter With Two-Tap Feed-Forward Equalization and Level-Mismatch Correction in 28-nm CMOS

This letter presents a C2C-DAC-based PAM-4 wireline transmitter that utilizes capacitor-weighting within a predriver stage for multitap multilevel signal summation in charge domain at the transmitter front end. Such a unique approach isolates the signal summing node from the output to alleviate bandwidth limitation and also inherently provides passive voltage-scaling and level-shifting at the predriver output without sacrificing its speed. A level-mismatch-correction scheme is adopted to effectively enhance PAM-4 signaling quality. Implemented in a 28-nm CMOS, the designed transmitter prototype achieves a peak data rate of 32 Gb/s and an energy efficiency of 2.1 mW/Gb/s.
Catholic women educators’ discourse and educational measurement in the early twentieth century in the United States

In the early twentieth century in the United States, Roman Catholic schools grew in number and became increasingly regulated by state departments of education. This led to the increased influence of public school reform movements in Catholic schools. Some Catholic educators questioned these movements, while others embraced them. Educational measurement strategies, such as IQ and standardised testing, gained support from women religious orders and congregations, who made up the majority of the Catholic teaching force. For pragmatic reasons, they saw some value in the promises of modern educational science for teaching and learning. This practice, however, put them at odds with some of the beliefs and values of their Church. This study demonstrates how Catholic sister teachers attempted to shape the debate on the introduction and use of reform strategies like IQ and standardised testing. It also examines how Catholic sister teachers made use of Catholic beliefs and values to make arguments in favour of IQ and standardised testing in Catholic schools. Using agreed upon Catholic religious tenets and working within their gendered reality, Catholic sister teachers demonstrated how they tried to convince their colleagues, male and female, to come to an understanding around the use of educational measurement
Scientific Considerations for the Review and Approval of First Generic Mometasone Furoate Nasal Suspension Spray in the United States from the Bioequivalence Perspective

In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first Abbreviated New Drug Application for Mometasone Furoate Nasal Suspension Spray. To establish the bioequivalence of this generic nasal suspension spray with the reference listed drug product (RLD), Nasonex®, a "weight-of-evidence" approach was utilized by the applicant that included formulation and device similarities, equivalent in vitro performance, equivalent systemic exposure, and equivalent local delivery. In addition to these testing for comprehensive evaluation of the drug product, FDA also considered supportive data generated by a novel in vitro method, Morphologically-Directed Raman Spectroscopy (MDRS), to characterize the particle size distribution (PSD) of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the drug product. In this case, MDRS data eliminated the need for a comparative clinical endpoint bioequivalence study. The approval of the first generic Mometasone Furoate Nasal Suspension Spray is precedent-setting and paves a new pathway to establish bioequivalence for generic nasal suspension sprays. This approval also exemplifies FDA's commitment to advance regulatory science for evaluation of generic drug products.
Individual preferences and democratic processes: two theorems with implications for electoral politics

The paper provides a complete characterization of Nash equilibria for games in which n candidates choose a strategy in the form of a platform, each from a circle of feasible platforms, with the aim of maximizing the stretch of the circle from where the candidate’s platform will receive support from the voters. Using this characterization, it is shown that if the sum of all players’ payoffs is 1, the Nash equilibrium payoff of each player in an arbitrary Nash equilibrium must be restricted to the interval $$ [1/2(n-1),2/(n+1)].$$ This implies that in an election with four candidates, a candidate who is attracting less than one-sixth of the voters can do better by changing his or her strategy.
The sonic pilgrimage. Exploring kīrtan and sacred journeying in Sikh culture

ABSTRACTThrough a comparative analysis of sound and pilgrimage in Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh cultures, this paper examines their musical repertoires and divergent views from the standpoint of sacred jou...
Nervous System Hemangiopericytoma.

The management of patients harboring central nervous system (CNS) hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) is a partially answered challenge. These are rare locally aggressive lesions, with potential for local recurrence, distal neural metastasis (DNM), and extraneural metastasis (ENM). Resection, when feasible, remains the initial treatment option, providing histological diagnosis and immediate relief of tumor-related mass effect. Patients receiving surgery alone or surgery and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) show improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival as compared to those undergoing a biopsy alone (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Yet, in many instances, patient and tumor-related parameters preclude complete resection. EBRT or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) shares a significant role in achieving local tumor control, not shown to impact OS in HPC patients. The benefits of SRS/EBRT are clearly limited to improved local tumor volume control and neurologic function, not affecting DNM or ENM development. SRS provides acceptable rates of local tumor volume control coupled with treatment safety and a patient-friendly apparatus and procedure. Single-session SRS is most effective for lesions measuring 15 Gy. Systemic HPC disease is managed with various chemotherapeutic, immunotherapeutic, and anti-angiographic agents, with limited success. We present a short discussion on CNS HPCs, focusing our discussion on available evidence regarding the role of microsurgical resection, EBRT, SRS, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for upfront, part of adoptive hybrid surgery approach or for recurrent HPCs.
Pre-surgical connectome features predict IDH status in diffuse gliomas.

// Shelli R. Kesler 1 , 2 , * , Rebecca A. Harrison 3 , * , Melissa L. Petersen 3 , Vikram Rao 1 , 2 , Hannah Dyson 3 , Kristin Alfaro-Munoz 3 , Shiao-Pei Weathers 3 and John de Groot 3 1 Cancer Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 2 Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 3 Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Shelli R. Kesler, email: srkesler@austin.utexas.edu Keywords: MRI; IDH; glioma; machine learning; connectomics Received: July 04, 2019 Accepted: October 21, 2019 Published: November 05, 2019 ABSTRACT Background Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumor. Clinical outcomes depend on many factors including tumor molecular characteristics. Mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene confers significant benefits in terms of survival and quality of life. Preoperative determination of IDH genotype can facilitate surgical planning, allow for novel clinical trial designs, and assist clinical counseling surrounding the individual patient’s disease. Methods In this study, we aimed to evaluate a novel approach for non-invasively predicting IDH status from conventional MRI via connectomics, a whole-brain network-based technique. We retrospectively extracted 93 connectome features from the preoperative, T1-weighted MRI data of 234 adult patients (148 IDH mutated) and evaluated the performance of four common machine learning models to predict IDH genotype. Results Area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic were 0.76 to 0.94 with random forest (RF) showing significantly higher performance ( p < 0.01) than other algorithms. Feature selection schemes and the addition of age and tumor location did not change RF performance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that connectomics is a feasible approach for preoperatively predicting IDH genotype in patients with gliomas. Our results support prior evidence that RF is an ideal machine learning method for this area of research. Additionally, connectomics provides unique insights regarding potential mechanisms of tumor genotype on large-scale brain network organization.
Neuroethics in Leadership Research and Practice

In recent years, there has been a great proliferation of interest in neuroscience applications to both research and practice in the area of leadership. In terms of research, this interest raises questions regarding the treatment of research participants, storage and use of data, and so forth. But even greater issues have arisen with regard to practice, including areas pertaining to employee selection or placement, neurofeedback, and what might be termed “brain training.” Despite valid concerns, we argue that ethical considerations in the neuroscience of leadership may not be as vexing as they appear. Instead, these considerations can be readily addressed, particularly with regard to basic research methods. On the other hand, continuing attention will need to be paid to practice-based, ethical issues.
Regulating Professional Players in Peer-to-Peer Markets: Evidence from Airbnb

We study professional players and their roles in peer-to-peer (P2P) markets. Most notably, P2P home-sharing platforms (e.g., Airbnb) consist of both professional hosts and nonprofessional individual hosts. What are the roles of the professionals? Should home-sharing platforms regulate their participation? Professional hosts may primarily offer properties that nonprofessional hosts would not supply and attract more guests—the differentiation effect. Or they may mostly supply similar properties and compete with the nonprofessionals—the competition effect. Using a unique dataset of Airbnb listings, we first find that professional hosts’ properties are more expensive and have superior characteristics than nonprofessionals’. Second, we capitalize on a quasi-experiment in which Airbnb capped the number of properties a host can manage in several U.S. cities to determine the roles of professional hosts. With contrasting predictions (on the policy impacts) under the differentiation versus competition effects, we find evidence suggesting the dominance of the latter. In particular, the policy increased the supply from nonprofessional hosts, and the price level of nonprofessional properties as a group went up after the policy. However, our findings of heterogeneity in policy impacts suggest that the dominance of competition is less prominent in certain markets. Lastly, we find that the platform was not worse off in attracting reservations or securing revenue after the policy. Our findings contribute to both theory and practice as they reveal the roles of professional players and how P2P platforms can manage their participation.
What is the Role of Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing in Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Purpose To (1) investigate trends in kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), and (2) determine whether kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing scores are associated with achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for any of the hip-specific patient-reported outcome questionnaires. Methods Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAIS between December 2016 and March 2017 were prospectively enrolled. Patients received the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophoibia-11 (TSK-11) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) questionnaires preoperatively, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. They also received the hip-specific patient-reported outcome questionnaires (Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living and Sport-Specific subscales, modified Harris Hip Score, and International Hip Outcome Tool-12), as well as visual analog scale for satisfaction and pain preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. The threshold for achieving MCID was determined for each hip outcome tool, and patients achieving MCID were compared with those who did not. Results A total of 85 (80.2%) patients (mean age: 33.7 ± 12.4 years; female: 75.3%) were included in the final analysis. At 1-year follow-up, there was a significant reduction in TSK-11 scores (26.22 ± 5.99 to 18.70 ± 6.49; P Conclusions Patient kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing both show significant improvements 1 year after undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS. However, pain catastrophizing scores at 1 year are significantly greater in patients not achieving MCID, whereas no association was identified between kinesiophobia and likelihood for MCID achievement. This suggests PCS may be a more useful tool than TSK-11 during postoperative rehabilitation for identifying patients at risk for not achieving MCID. Level of Evidence Level II, prospective case series
Adverse Events of Injectable Deoxycholic Acid.

Background Injectable deoxycholic acid (DCA) may be used to remove excess submental fat and off-label for local adipose reduction. Despite DCA's widespread use, rare incidences of severe, systemic, long-term adverse events (AEs) have been reported. Objective To evaluate the potential side effects associated with injectable DCA. Methods and materials A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science using PRISMA guidelines to gather the literature relating to DCA or deoxycholate-associated AEs and their management. Results Twenty-eight manuscripts were included after full article review. Most commonly, patients experienced mild localized AEs, whereas a small number of patients experienced severe pain, alopecia, nasopharyngitis, dysphagia, dizziness/lightheadedness, and gastrointestinal upset. Severe, long-term AEs were reported as rare in the evaluated literature. Deoxycholic acid injections in large volumes were more likely to cause severe adverse effects. Conclusion Self-resolving, mild side effects and severe but rare adverse effects have been reported with DCA use making it a safe treatment for local adipose reduction. Further studies are necessary to determine its safety profile, especially when using DCA in off-label areas.
Queering the Colonial in Shyam Selvadurai’s Swimming in the Monsoon Sea

In my paper “Queering the Colonial” I will analyze Sri-Lankan-Canadian novelist Shyam Selvadurai’s novel Swimming in the Monsoon Sea (2005) to facilitate a discussion where a diasporic heterosexual...
A 44-Year-Old Woman With Chest Pain and Dyspnea.

Case Presentation A 44-year-old woman with a medical history of anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome complicated by recurrent pulmonary emboli with subsequent chronic hypoxic respiratory failure (3 L/min oxygen baseline) presented to the ED with 2 to 3 weeks of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain that radiated to the center of her back. These symptoms were accompanied by an increase in her oxygen requirement from 3 L/min to 6 L/min. She also reported nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, and dizziness for the same period. The patient had two prior pulmonary emboli in the same year, which prompted a hypercoagulable workup, ultimately revealing a diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. The second pulmonary embolus occurred while the patient was on coumadin, though achieving a therapeutic international normalized ratio was challenging. At the recommendation of the Hematology Department, she was transitioned to systemic anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg twice daily, which was her regimen at the time of admission. The patient confirmed total compliance with her anticoagulation therapy, and she denied any recent travel or long periods of being sedentary. She was up to date on her age-appropriate cancer screening, without any evidence of active malignancy.
On the connected metric dimension of graphs and their complements

Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G), and let d(u,w) denote the length of a shortest u − w path in G. A set S ⊆ V (G) is called a connected resolving set of G if, for any distinct x,y ∈ V (G), th...
Three Dimensional Electromagnetic Microwave and Millimeter Wave Structures Employing Complex Media

This paper addresses some of the most problematic but important issues remaining in multidimensional computation including structures requiring substantial kernel flexibility, modularizing programs, and upgrading hardware to assure sufficient processing speed and memory. As a vehicle for discussion, a cavity structure filled with an arbitrarily complex medium is treated. Solution of such a problem using available numerical techniques is discussed.
Federalism Challenges to CERCLA: An Overview

When Congress began enacting statutes to govern environmental regulation and natural resources management, it was quite conscious of the United States’s underlying federalism scheme. Nevertheless, parties have challenged the provisions of many such statutes on federalism grounds, presenting Commerce Clause and Tenth Amendment arguments, and many of those challenges have been significant (if only rarely successful).CERCLA, however, has largely avoided federalism challenges to its implementation, especially in the U.S. Supreme Court. After providing a brief overview of how CERCLA works, this article, written in connection with Southwestern Law School's CERCLA Symposium, explores the few federalism challenges to CERCLA that have been raised, focusing on CERCLA’s retroactivity and its federally required commencement date provisions. It concludes with speculations regarding why CERCLA has avoided the federalism scrutiny that other statutes such as the Clean Water Act and Endangered Species Act have warranted.
I. Intravascular clotting and afibrinogenemia, the presumptive lethal factors in the syndrome of amniotic fluid embolism

I N 1941, Steiner and Lushbaugh’ described the syndrome of amniotic fluid embolism which they considered the major cause of maternal death during labor. The chief clinical signs were dyspnea and sudden shock, and death was ascribed to the embolic effects of amniotic fluid and an associated anaphylactoid reaction. Widespread embolization of the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries by particulate matter contained in amniotic fluid were believed to be responsible for the essential pathologic lesions. The predisposing factors in the causation of this syndrome seemed to be tetanic uterine contractions, multiparity, and exceedingly large infants. Since the original description of amniotic fluid embolism, additional cases of the syndrome have been recognized and reported.2 As in the case OS Steiner and Lushbaugh’s patients, some died undelivered with the classical signs and symptoms of embolism, while others who survived the initial shock succumbed within one to three hours after delivery. In the latter group, bleeding from the mucous membranes and organ surfaces was noted, and some degree of vaginal bleeding was described which was attributed to atony of the uterus, secondary to shock. When these fatal cases are reviewed, two unexplained observations stand out. One is to the effect that the amount of mechanical blockage of the pulmonary vessels by amniotic debris is hardly suf-
Nonlinear Model-Predictive Control of a Packed Distillation Column

This paper describes the experimental application of Nonlinear Model-Predictive Control (NMPC) in conjunction with on-line state and parameter estimation to control a packed distillation column. Due to mass transfer effects, the process gain changes sign within the region of operation, which precludes the use of a linear controller for closed-loop control.
How Does the Asian Crisis Affect the Interdependencies Between Major Financial Markets in Asia and the US

Empirical studies support evidence of major financial markets affecting minor markets. During the Asian Crisis, however, major markets, such as the US and Japan, reacted to the problems in smaller markets such as Hong Kong and Singapore. In this paper we apply a VAR model to capture the changes in the dynamic relationship among stock markets in Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and the US. A multivariate stochastic volatility model (SVM) is also utilized to study the correlations in volatility among these markets to determine the impacts of the Crisis. We find strong lead-effect of Hong Kong market returns over the US market returns during the Crisis. Our results also show strong overacting behavior among investors across these markets during the Crisis. We also find that the Crisis period was marked by higher volatilities and stronger spillover effects across these markets.
Fetal Antigens in Human Leukemia

Summary Immunization of BALB/c male mice with human peripheral leukemic blasts effectively reduced the later formation of syngeneic fetal liver, but not bone marrow hematopoietic colonies in the spleen when these mice were lethally irradiated and challenged i.v. Fetal antigen was detected in 6 of 6 lymphocytic leukemic patients and in 4 or 8 myelocytic leukemia patients and was correlated with low cellular levels of sialic acid. A rabbit antiserum to BALB/c 15-day fetal liver cells labeled only 0 to 2% of normal donor peripheral leukocytes in indirect immunofluorescence but reacted with 10 to 21% of leukemic peripheral blasts. Active disease bone marrow on the same patients gave 7 to 40% fluorescent cells. Two remission bone marrow samples were negative and 1 had 44% fluorescent cells. Using this antiserum coupled to sepharose, affinity column separation of KCl extracts from mouse and human fetal liver and from chronic lymphocytic leukemia has produced 4 common protein bands (identifiable on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Sera from mice immunized with leukemic blasts reacted with syngeneic fetal liver cells, but not with bone marrow or adult liver by immunofluorescence. While only 3 to 10% of the cells were positive in the unfractionated fetal liver, separation of cells by density on discontinuous albumin gradients gave 15 to 40% fluorescence in the 23% albumin fraction. This represented a 70 to 90% purification of the leukemia cross-reactive cell (recovery of fluorescent cells) and, concomitantly, 79% recovery of the hematopoietic stem cell, as determined by the spleen colony assay. The data suggest that antisera raised against the purified fetal hematopoietic stem cells or the solubilized cross-reactive leukemia antigen may be valuable in monitoring the clinical status of leukemia patients.
Uptake of the major hemolymph lipoprotein and its transformation in the insect egg

The egg of Manduca sexta contains a very high density lipophorin (VHDLp-E; Mr approximately equal to 4.14 x 10(5), rho = 1.238 g/ml) that is derived from the high density lipophorin (HDLp-A; Mr approximately equal to 7.63 x 10(5), rho = 1.076 g/ml) of the hemolymph. The selective uptake of HDLp-A into the egg and its subsequent conversion to VHDLp-E was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Upon entering the egg, an estimated 530 mol of lipid were stripped from each mol of HDLp-A, and 68% of the diacylglycerol fraction was converted to triacylglycerol. In addition, the two molecules of the low molecular weight apolipoprotein, apolipophorin-III, of HDLp-A were dissociated from the lipophorin particle. The VHDLp-E thus formed consisted of 80% protein and 20% lipid, 75% of which was phospholipid. HDLp-A labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine in its apoprotein moiety was injected into females at the onset of egg development, and its incorporation in a series of follicles at different stages of growth was measured. There was increased accumulation of [35S]HDLp-A in the follicles as they matured. The apoproteins of [35S]HDLp-A were not hydrolyzed when the particle was internalized by the follicle. In the accompanying paper we have presented the evidence that the apoproteins of HDLp-A are retained in the follicles (Kawooya, J.K., and Law, J.H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8748-8753).
Metrics for Offline Evaluation of Prognostic Performance

Prognostic performance evaluation has gained significant attention in the past few years. Currently, prognostics concepts lack standard definitions and suffer from ambiguous and inconsistent interpretations. This lack of standards is in part due to the varied end-user requirements for different applications, time scales, available information, domain dynamics, etc. to name a few. The research community has used a variety of metrics largely based on convenience and their respective requirements. Very little attention has been focused on establishing a standardized approach to compare different efforts. This paper presents several new evaluation metrics tailored for prognostics that were recently introduced and were shown to effectively evaluate various algorithms as compared to other conventional metrics. Specifically, this paper presents a detailed discussion on how these metrics should be interpreted and used. These metrics have the capability of incorporating probabilistic uncertainty estimates from prognostic algorithms. In addition to quantitative assessment they also offer a comprehensive visual perspective that can be used in designing the prognostic system. Several methods are suggested to customize these metrics for different applications. Guidelines are provided to help choose one method over another based on distribution characteristics. Various issues faced by prognostics and its performance evaluation are discussed followed by a formal notational framework to help standardize subsequent developments.
Low-temperature, photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes

Our studies of photoluminescence excitation spectra of individual carbon nanotubes indicate strong electron-phonon coupling leading to a high intensity of phonon-assisted optical transitions and a large broadening of excited states induced by inelastic electron-phonon scattering.
The Determination of Equalized Valuation: A Massachusetts Case Study

The state-determined measure of the equalized valuation of the taxable property base in local jurisdictions is often crucial in the disbursement of state funds. This note describes the outcome of an equalization study for the state of Massachusetts. The results suggest that the ratio of aggregate equalized valuation to true market valuation is always less than one and varies systematically with the population of the communities involved.
Sensitive, colorimetric enzyme amplification cascade for determination of alkaline phosphatase and application of the method to an immunoassay of thyrotropin

A highly sensitive flavin adenine dinucleotide-3'-phosphate (FADP)-based enzyme amplification cascade has been developed for determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1). The cascade detects ALP via the dephosphorylation of the novel substrate FADP to produce the cofactor FAD, which binds stoichiometrically to inactive apo D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO). The resulting active holo D-AAO oxidizes D-proline to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is quantified by the horseradish peroxidase-mediated conversion of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine to a colored product. The FADP-based enzyme amplification cascade has been used in a novel releasable linker immunoassay (RELIA) to quantify thyrotropin (TSH). In the assay, TSH is first captured onto antibody-coated chromium dioxide particles. After formation of an antibody-TSH sandwich with a dethiobiotinylated second antibody, the complex is reacted with a streptavidin-ALP conjugate. Biotin is then used to release the conjugate into solution, and ALP is quantified in an automated version of the FADP-based amplification cascade on the aca discrete clinical analyzer (Du Pont). The sensitivity of the colorimetric RELIA assay for TSH (less than 0.1 milli-int. unit/L) is comparable with that of fluorometric assays. This technology provides a way to adapt to the aca high-sensitivity immunoassays for a wide range of analytes via colorimetric detection.
DIY Project Based Learning for ELA and History

Contents Foreword by Suzie Boss INTRODUCTION Project Based Learning, the Common Core, and the 4Cs Experts weigh in The Relationship Between PBL and Teaching Writing How to Create Your Own PBL Unit Focusing on ELA and/or History How This Book Is Different From Other PBL Books PART I: PBL UNITS CHAPTER 1: THE SUPERHERO UNIT: A unit based on superhero science, science-fiction narratives, and advocacy writing, culminating in an issues-based presentation to the "United Nations" Facts Overview Step-by-Step Lessons ELA 1st Quarter Checklist -- Narrative ELA 2nd Quarter Checklist -- Advocacy Student Exemplars CHAPTER 2: THE LIVING MUSEUM UNIT: A unit based on role-play, historical perspectives, and informational writing culminating in a student-created living museum Facts Overview Step-by-Step Lessons Student Exemplars CHAPTER 3: THE MOVIE CRITIC UNIT: A unit based on literary analysis, biography, and film appreciation culminating in a persuasive argument and student-taught lesson Facts Overview Step-by-Step Lessons Student Exemplars CHAPTER 4: THE CAREER QUEST UNIT: A unit based on persuasive cover letters, developing resumes, interview skills, culminating in a school-wide Career Day event Facts Overview Step-by-Step Lessons Student Exemplars CHAPTER 5: THE GRIT AND MOTIVATION UNIT: A unit based on vital academic life skills and persuasive letter writing Facts Overview Step-by-Step Lessons Student Exemplars CHAPTER 6: THE TEACH THEM TO BE TEACHERS UNIT: A unit based on the highest level of communication of all...the ability to teach Facts Overview Step-by-Step Lessons Student Exemplars PART II: MIX AND MATCH LESSONS Bulwur-Lytton Contest Assignment Hooks for Essays or How to Get a Reader's Attention Narrative Outline Character Traits Chart Google Advanced Search 6 Steps of Being an Internet Detective How to Write a Newspaper Article The Problem Statement Writing with Numeracy Lesson Collaboration Constitution Assignment Online Ethics and Copyright Activity Understanding Infographics Lesson Executive Summary Outline Norms for Backchanneling and using Twitter Internet Literacy: Verifying the Evidence Lesson Cornell Notes Literary Analysis Outline Oral Presentation Rubric Cover Letter Outline How to Conduct an Interview QRF format Oral Conference Feedback Sheet Norms for Video Conferencing Developing a Student-Created Assessment How to Annotate Text Visual Presentation (PowerPoint) Guidelines Advocacy/Argument Outline REFERENCES
Surface segregation kinetics in binary alloys

Abstract An integral equation describing the kinetics of surface segregation in a binary alloys is derived. Solution of this equation yields the well-known McLean form for the kinetics when the surface enrichment ratio is independent of the segregant concentration. In other cases the equation is nonlinear and must be solved by numerical techniques in general. However, here, an alternative approximate analytical scheme is developed which entails only the solution of a sequence of linear equations. This method is used to expose the qualitative features of the effect of a concentration-dependent enrichment ratio upon the segregation kinetics. The practical utility of the approach is also established by the analysis of a real system. The results given agree with those found by prior workers using other methods.
Physical attractiveness and personal space.

Summary Experiments in the laboratory and on a sidewalk examined the influence of sex and physical attractiveness on personal distance. In the laboratory 30 male and female college students approached posters showing attractive or unattractive target persons, and subject-poster distances were measured with a tape. On a sidewalk an attractive or unattractive male or female interviewed 102 adult male and female passing pedestrians, and interviewer-S distances were recorded by a camera on a rooftop. Ss in the laboratory approached attractive targets more closely than unattractive ones, but on the sidewalk attractiveness had no effect.
Global Gradations of Secularism: The Consociational, Communal and Coercive Paradigms

AbstractIn engaging with heterogeneous societies, states have oscillated between three modes of dealing with social diversity: accommodation, segregation and eradication. Accordingly, this article cross-examines three typologies of secularism: Consociational secularism (Lebanon), communal partition (India and Pakistan) and coercive secularization (China and Turkey). The article argues that while each state shared the challenge of establishing state sovereignty in pluralistic societies, the central authorities’ attempt to impose homogenization varied according to the strength of state institutions, the hold of communal ideologies and the degree of disparate socio-economic interests. The legitimacy of regimes hinged on the perceived impartiality of the state in meeting the demands of diverse socio-economic and ethno-religious constituencies. The article argues that the potential for fragmentation was particularly high when socio-economic fault-lines overlapped with, and reinforced ethno-religious fissures. When sectarian solidarity trumped loyalty to the state, partition along communal lines unfolded within the caldron of civil war, as was the case in Lebanon in 1975 and the Indian Subcontinent in 1947 and 1971. By contrast, the authoritarian states of Maoist China and Kemalist Turkey could enforce, albeit violently and at great human cost, a rigidly secular, cultural homogenization in part because they were perceived to be lessening socio-economic inequalities despite their assault on traditional identities. In all cases, and regardless of whether or not a dominant majority existed or not, sovereignty and state legitimacy was ultimately predicated not so much on the absence or presence of democracy or diversity, but on the provision of a critical measure of justice for all citizens irrespective of origin or identity.
Gender, Race, and Urban Policing The Experience of African American Youths

Proactive policing strategies produce a range of harms to African Americans in poor urban communities. We know little, however, about how aggressive policing is experienced across gender by adolescents in these neighborhoods. The authors argue that important insights can be gained by examining the perspectives of African American youths and draw from in-depth interviews with youths in St. Louis, Missouri, to investigate how gender shapes interactions with the police. The comparative analysis reveals important gendered facets of African American adolescents' experiences with and expectations of law enforcement. Young men described being treated routinely as suspects regardless of their involvement in delinquency and also reported police violence. Young women typically described being stopped for curfew violations but also expressed concerns about police sexual misconduct. This study highlights the differential harms of urban policing for African American young women and men and highlights the need for syst...
Mortgage and rental qualification criteria, household location decisions, and urban form

Abstract This paper examines the impact of a binding housing share constraint on household location decisions and monocentric urban form. Comparative statics and de novo calculations are presented for each impact. Though comparative static results are generally ambiguous, they allow determination of some conditions under which households or the urban boundary will move out or in with relaxation of the constraint. De novo calculations indicate that, relative to unconstrained equilibria, households will choose more distant locations and monocentric cities will have more distant boundaries. Simulations reveal that the incentive for considering a ceiling on the total of commuting and housing expenditure, vice housing expenditures alone, is probably not substantial, given the assumed relative size of the commuting costs.
Transcription in mouse embryo cells permissively infected by murine cytomegalovirus.

Abstract The sites of transcription and abundance of steady-state cytoplasmic viral RNA in murine cytomegalovirus (Smith strain) infected mouse embryp cells were analyzed. Cloned subgenomic DNA fragments were labeled with 32 P and hybridized to filters containing polyadenylated RNA extracted from cells at immediate-early, early, and late times in the infection. The pattern of transcription was distinctive at each time point. Immediate-early transcription occurred primarily at 0.770–0.816 map units. Minor sites of immediate-early transcription were clustered at 0.671–0.861 map units and at the termini of the genome (0.944-0.002 map units). Early transcripts were detected from the entire genome with the exception of a fragment at 0.278–0.305 map units. The site of major immediate-early transcription at 0.770–0.816 map units was represented less abundantly while the concentration of RNA from most other sites of immediate-early transcription was increased at the early time point. The most abundant site of early transcription was at 0.840–0.861 map units. RNA from late in the infection hybridized to all subgenomic fragments. The highest concentration of late RNA transcripts was detected with fragments located at 0.444–0.770 map units. In contrast, late RNA transcripts from both ends of the genome were present at a concentration equal to or lower than that seen at the early time point, and the concentration of late RNA from the major early site (0.840–0.861 map units) was significantly decreased. We also detected uninfected mouse cell RNA with three separate subgenomic Eco RI fragments.
Implementing physical hyperlinks using ubiquitous identifier resolution

Identifier resolution is presented as a way to link the physical world with virtual Web resources. In this paradigm, designed to support nomadic users, the user employs a handheld, wirelessly connected, sensor-equipped device to read identifiers associated with physical entities. The identifiers are resolved into virtual resources or actions related to the physical entities - as though the user 'clicked on a physical hyperlink'. We have integrated identifier resolution with the Web so that it can be deployed as ubiquitously as the Web, in the infrastructure and on wirelessly connected handheld devices. We enable users to capture resolution services and applications as Web resources in their local context. We use the Web to invoke resolution services, with a model of 'physical' Web form-filling. We propose a scheme for binding identifiers to resources, to promote services and applications linking the physical and virtual worlds.