cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial characterization of the glucose transport activity in the golgi-rich fraction of fat cells

Abstract The glucose transport activity solubilized from the basal and plus insulin forms of the Golgi-rich fraction of adipocytes was partially characterized, and the results were compared with those of the activity obtained from the plus insulin form of the plasma membrane-rich fraction. The transport activity was determined in a cell-free, reconstituted, system. Prior to reconstitution, the activities in the three preparations were all (a) stable at 0°C for at least 4 h, but not at 37°C or above; (b) most stable at pH 7–9, and (c) less stable in Tes than in Tris buffer. After reconstitution, the three activities were all (d) stable at 0°C, (e) most active at pH 5.5, (f) mildly stimulated by divalent cations, (g) unaffected by insulin or 1 mM of several SH-blocking agents, (h) inhibited by heavy metal ions, 10–100 mM of monovalent salts, organic solvents, several sugar isomers, and specific sugar-transport inhibitors. The rates of d -glucose uptake by the three liposome preparations were all inhibited more strongly by 2-deoxy- d -glucose or 3 -O- methyl- d -glucose than by d -glucose. These data indicate that the general properties of the glucose transport activity in the Golgi-rich fraction are similar to those of the activity in the plasma membrane-rich fraction.
Geriatric assessment in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective study of associated treatment and outcomes

We explored whether geriatric assessment variables predicted mortality in addition to known prognostic factors in 101 patients aged ≥ 65 with newly diagnosed AML. Baseline comorbidity score (HR=1.92; 95%CI 1.18-3.11), difficulty with strenuous activity (HR=2.18; 95%CI 1.19-4.00), and pain (HR=2.17; 95%CI 1.19-3.97) were independent prognostic factors for greater risk of death in a multivariable model that included cytogenetic risk group. They remained independent predictors in the subset of patients with baseline ECOG PS 0-1. Our results support the use of geriatric assessment to better predict prognosis in older patients with AML, even among those with excellent functional status.
An Introduction to Weak Values

I will give a brief background to weak values, discuss their implications and review some of the recent experiments employing weak value techniques including: weak value amplification, wave function measurement and technical noise suppression. Article not available.
Effect of Parenteral Liver Extract on the Fission Rate of Paramecium caudatum

ConclusionIn the range of its effective concentration in the body of the pernicious anemia patient, parenteral liver extract does not significantly change the fission rate of Paramecium caudatum. In the higher concentrations employed, liver extract decreased the fission rate. Inactivated liver extract decreased the fission rate in all concentrations used. Obviously the procedure has no value as a bioassay method for the antipernicious anemia principle.
Radiographic assessment of the sinuses in patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) often experience dysfunction of the sinonasal mucosa as a side effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sinonasal mucosal changes may vary throughout the treatment and posttreatment periods, but little objective data exist characterizing such changes. We evaluated serial radiologic changes of the paranasal sinus mucosa in patients with NPC undergoing treatment. METHODS: Medical and radiographic records were reviewed for all patients treated for NPC between 2004 and 2006 at Stanford University Medical Center. Pretreatment computed tomography (CT) images served as the baseline images for comparison, and posttreatment CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were categorized temporally into 3-month intervals, up to 25 months after initiation of treatment. Images were scored in a blinded fashion using the Lund-Mackay (LM) staging system. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients received treatment for NPC during the study period, of whom 27 had adequate data for analysis and inclusion in the study. The mean pretreatment LM score was 1.41, and a statistically significant increase in LM score was observed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18, 22, and 28 months. There was continued progression of radiologic sinus opacification over the first 30 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of NPC with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is associated with radiologic evidence of sinus mucosal thickening. The extent of mucosal thickening can be expected to progress after treatment for up to 30 months. Patients undergoing treatment for NPC should be monitored carefully throughout the posttreatment period for clinical manifestations of dysfunctional sinonasal mucosa.
Occlusive impedance phlebography: a diagnostic procedure for venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

Abstract Recent thrombosis in the major veins draining the lower leg alters normal venous physiology. The maximum rate at which blood can flow out of the leg is decreased. There is also a diminished capacity of the venous system to expand in response to increased venous pressure. These pathophysiologic consequences of venous obstruction can be quantitated accurately with a noninvasive technique that measures electric impedance in the lower leg following inflation and deflation of a pneumatic tourniquet around the thigh. This procedure has proved to be a useful bedside screening
Lability and Liability of Endogenous Copper Pools

Published ahead of print 2 August 2013 The views expressed in this Commentary do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM.
Understanding Software Maintenance Work

Software maintenance can be successfully accomplished if the computing arrangements of the people doing the maintenance are compatible with their established patterns of work in the setting. To foster and achieve such compatibility requires an understanding of the reasons and the circumstances in which participants carry out maintenance activities. In particular, it requires an understanding of how software users and maintainers act toward the changing circumstances and unexpected events in their work situation that give rise to software system alterations. To contribute to such an understanding, we describe a comparative analysis of the work involved in maintaining and evolving text-processing systems in two academic computer science organizations. This analysis shows that how and why software systems are maintained depends on occupational and workplace contingencies, and vice versa.
On the Temperature Dependence of Infrared Absorption Lines due to Lattice Vibrational Modes

A theory is presented which describes the intensity of absorption lines due to infraredactive vibrations and the strength of their side bands. The theory allows for arbitrary anharmonicity and is applicable to perturbed and unperturbed crystals. Es wird eine Theorie dargestellt, die die Intensitaten von Absorptionslininen, die durch infrarotaktive Gitterschwingungen hervorgerufen werden, und deren Seitenbanden beschreibt. Die Theorie ist fur beliebige anharmonische Wechselwirkung gultig und auf gestorte und ungestorte Kristalle anwendbar.
The half life of32Si determined from a varved Gulf of California sediment core

Abstract Excess210Pb measurements and varve chronology were used to establish a sediment accumulation rate of 0.19 cm/yr in a 95-cm-long box core raised from the Gulf of California. Varve thickness is unchanged over the entire length of the core, indicating a constant rate of sediment accumulation. The32Si specific activity of biogenic silica shows an exponential decrease with depth in this core. The half life of32Si, calculated from these data and the 0.19-cm/yr sediment accumulation rate, is276 ± 32 years. As most of the silica and32Si supplied to the Gulf of California is a result of upwelling of deep ocean water, this half life determination should be relatively insensitive to secular variations in the atmospheric supply of32Si.
Isolation and characterization of mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 which leak β-galactosidase

Abstract Five mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 have been isolated which release β-galactosidase into the culture medium during growth at temperatures of 23 to 42 °C. Three mutants were lactose transport negative (y−), one mutant possess normal transport, and another contains 15% normal transport activity. A striking observation was that transport-negative cells were able to ferment lactose and grow on lactose as a sole carbon source. o- Nitrophenyl -β- d - galactopyranoside (ONPG) was rapidly split by washed transport-negative cells. The transport inhibitors thiodigalactoside (10 mM) and formaldehyde (10 mM) had little effect on this ONPG hydrolysis suggesting that β-galactosidase was external to the plasma membrane. This view was confirmed by the partial release of the enzyme by treatment of cells with lysozyme and EDTA. Evidence was presented which suggested that cell lysis was not the mechanism of protein loss from these cells. The growth medium at the end of logarithmic phase contained β-galactosidase, a small amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and a considerable amount of unidentified proteins which were eluted from a Sephadex G-200 column. It is concluded that the mutants possess defects in the plasma membrane-cell wall complex which allows loss of proteins from the cell. Growth on lactose by transport-negative cells is apparently due to the extracellular hydrolysis of the disaccharide followed by the uptake and metabolism of the split products.
An improved colorimetric assay for plasminogen activator

Abstract An assay is described for the determination of plasminogen activator activity, using an artificial tripeptide chromogenic substrate in a multistep procedure. Kinetics for the reactions are established in the presence of stimulatory and inhibitory ligands. Optimum assay conditions are determined using crude extracts of murine trophoblast and parietal endoderm, and a parietal endodermal cell line.
Aquacultural approaches to recycling of dissolved nutrients in secondarily treated domestic wastewaters-IV conclusions, design and operational considerations for artificial food chains

Abstract We have studied nutrient uptake, biological productivity, and heavy metal properties of laboratory scale artificial food chains composed of sequential monocultures of suspended unicellular green algae, herbivorous cladoceran crustaceans or teleost fish, carnivorous teleost fish, and, in some experiments, filamentous green algae. These food chains were grown in fully secondarily treated, chlorinated, then dechlorinated, domestic wastewaters. The later stages in the food chains were fed the products of the just preceding stages. This paper summarizes the results of the entire project, in terms of conclusions, implications for future work on recycling of nutrients in wastewater, and design and operational considerations for functional food chains.
Temperature and initial curvature effects in low-density panel flutter

The panel flutter phenomenon is studied assuming free-molecule flow. This kind of analysis is relevant in the case of hypersonic flight vehicles traveling at high altitudes, especially in the leeward portion of the vehicle. In these conditions the aerodynamic shear can be expected to be considerably larger than the pressure at a given point, so that the effects of such a loading are incorporated into the structural model. Both the pressure and shear loadings are functions of the panel temperature, which can lead to great variations on the location of the stability boundaries for parametric studies. Different locations can, however, be 'collapsed' onto one another by using as ordinate an appropriately normalized dynamic pressure parameter. This procedure works better for higher values of the panel temperature for a fixed undisturbed flow temperature. Finally, the behavior of the system is studied when the panel has some initial curvature. This leads to the conclusion that it may be unrealistic to try to distinguish between a parabolic or sinusoidal initial shape.
Lymph node counts in uterine cancer: A randomized double blind trial

Abstract Objective Higher number of lymph nodes counts may suggest a more accurate cancer staging. We wish to study whether sending lymph nodes to pathologist in four containers, instead of a single container, yields a higher nodal count. Methods Patients with uterine cancer who underwent abdominal hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy were recruited. The right and left pelvic lymph nodes were collected from four locations (common, external and internal iliac, and obturator). Blinded randomization ex vivo allocated the side of the pelvic nodes specimen which was sent to pathology as one versus four containers. Each patient served as her own control by having the other side of her pelvic nodes sent as four different specimens. The surgeons and pathologists were blinded. Results 104 consecutive patients were enrolled. The average age was 61 years old. The patients were predominately Caucasians (69%). The average total pelvic and aortic nodes per patients was 17.8. 54 patients, whose right-sided pelvic nodes were randomized to be sent in a single container, yielded an average of 7.2 right pelvic nodes versus 8.6 left pelvic nodes ( p =0.026). 50 patients, whose left-sided pelvic nodes were randomized to be sent in a single container, yielded an average 8.1 right pelvic nodes versus 6.9 left pelvic nodes ( p =0.042). Conclusion The lymph nodes count are higher when surgical nodes were sent as multiple separated instead of single specimens, regardless of the side of the pelvis.
Beauty and Lust

Why does lust demand beauty? How does it differ from functional beauty and from the beauty of what is purposive without definable purpose? Does eroticism really aim at visions of immortality ? How does erotic craving differ from the cognitive or practical intentions that aim at objects or objectives ? What is the difference between sexual satisfaction and the erotic transport ? Is erotic passion really a craving for the quiescence of the inert? What is erotic glamour in women and in men ? What kind of animality does eroticism see and crave in human bodies? Why is it youth that inflames the extreme emotions of eroticism ?
Abundance and habitat use of juvenile sunfish among different macrophyte stands

Abstract Collingsworth, PD and Kohler, CC. 2010. Abundance and habitat use of juvenile sunfish among different macrophyte stands. Lake Reserv. Manage. 26:35-42. Juvenile Lepomis sunfish (< 75 mm total length, TL) density, plant stem density and invertebrate density were compared in the 3 most common habitats in the littoral zone of Cedar Lake, a Midwestern North American reservoir: nonvegetated areas, stands of the exotic macrophyte Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and stands of American pondweed (Potomogeton nodosus). Eurasian watermilfoil stands consistently had significantly higher stem density and invertebrate density than American pondweed stands. Juvenile sunfish densities were significantly higher in vegetated habitats than nonvegetated areas, but no significant differences were observed between the 2 vegetated habitats. Juvenile sunfish densities were initially higher in American pondweed stands than Eurasian watermilfoil stands, but fish density in American pondweed stands declined d...
Bilateral sequential lung transplantation without sternal division eliminates posttransplantation sternal complications

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of an alternative surgical incision for bilateral sequential lung transplantation. The vast majority of these operations worldwide have been performed through an anterolateral thoracosternotomy known as the "clamshell" incision. Recently, we have undertaken most of these operations through bilateral anterolateral thoracotomies without sternal division. Methods: Our medical center performed 262 bilateral sequential single lung transplantations from 1989 to April 1998. Between July 1996 and April 1998 we performed 69 bilateral sequential single lung transplantations on 68 recipients with 52 transplantations being conducted without initial sternal division. We retrospectively reviewed the results of these operations to assess the safety of the altered exposure and the efficacy in avoiding sternal wound complications such as malunion, dehiscence, osteomyelitis, and migrating hardware. Comparison was made to a historical control group composed of the last 50 patients in whom the full clamshell incision was used. Results: Of the 68 patients who underwent transplantations, 52 patients underwent the initial exploratory procedure without sternal division. Two patients required emergency sternal division for institution of cardiopulmonary bypass to control life-threatening bleeding. Eleven of 68 patients were placed on bypass electively to permit transplantation, and the lack of a sternotomy in 8 patients did not present an obstacle to ascending aortic and right atrial cannulation. There were no wound healing complications in the 50 patients for whom the sternum was left intact. In a historical control group of 50 patients who underwent transplantation with sternal division, 34% experienced morbidity or mild disability as a direct result of poor sternal healing. Conclusions: We conclude that bilateral anterolateral thoracotomy without sternal division is a safe approach that allows adequate exposure without the risk of commonly observed problems with sternal healing. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:358-64)
A self-validating numerical method for computation of central and non-central F probabilities and percentiles

A self-validating numerical method based on interval analysis for the computation of central and non-central F probabilities and percentiles is reported. The major advantage of this approach is that there are guaranteed error bounds associated with the computed values (or intervals), i.e. the computed values satisfy the user-specified accuracy requirements. The methodology reported in this paper can be adapted to approximate the probabilities and percentiles for other commonly used distribution functions.
Developing a Wound Management Orientation Program Using Evidence-Based Guidelines:

Staff development specialists and certified wound, ostomy, continence nurses must be leaders in the design of orientation programs that will assist nurses new to the practice of home health care develop wound care management skills. An orientation developed on evidence-based practice is essential to ensure quality, safe patient outcomes, and positive fiscal outcomes. This article describes the basic elements essential to a comprehensive orientation and suggests several models to assist the orientee in developing competency in wound care.
A note on the finite amplitude dynamics of spatially growing baroclinic waves on an f-plane

Finite amplitude behavior of inviscid spatially growing baroclinic waves in a two-layer model on an f -plane is investigated. In the framework of the weakly nonlinear theory it is found that nonlinearity can stabilize or destabilize the flow. In the former case, the nonlinear wave experiences spatial vacillations. In the latter case, the possibility of high frequency finite amplitude subcritical destabilization of the flow field exists. The study is relevant to the problem of mountain-induced cyclogenesis. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00865.x
Assessment of regional myocardial blood flow with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography

It was hypothesized that regional myocardial blood flow could be measured using myocardial contrast echocardiography. Accordingly, arterial blood was perfused into the coronary circulation in 16 dogs. In Group 1 dogs (n = 8), blood flow to the cannulated left circumflex artery was controlled with use of a roller pump, whereas in Group 2 dogs (n = 8) blood flow to the left anterior descending coronary artery was controlled by a hydraulic occluder placed around it. Sonicated microbubbles (mean size 4 microns) were used as the contrast agent. In Group 1 dogs the microbubbles were injected subselectively into the left circumflex artery, whereas in Group 2 dogs they were injected selectively into the left main coronary artery and two-dimensional echocardiographic images were recorded. Computer-generated time-intensity curves were derived from these images and variables of these curves correlated with transmural blood flow measured with radiolabeled microspheres. A gamma-variate function (y = Ate-alpha t) best described the curves, and alpha (a variable of curve width) correlated well with transmural blood flow at different flow rates in all Group 1 and Group 2 dogs (mean r = 0.81 and 0.97, respectively). Other variables of the curve width also correlated well with myocardial blood flow, but peak intensity had a poor correlation with myocardial blood flow in both groups of dogs (r = 0.39 and r = 0.63, respectively). When data from all dogs were pooled, Group 1 dogs still showed good correlation between variables of curve width and myocardial blood flow (r = 0.81); Group 2 dogs did not (r = 0.45). The difference between the two sets of dogs was related to the site of contrast agent injection. It is concluded that measurement of the transit time of microbubbles through the myocardium with two-dimensional echocardiography accurately reflects regional myocardial blood flow. Although injection of contrast agent selectively into the left main coronary artery only allows measurement of relative flow, it may be feasible to measure absolute flow by injecting contrast agent subselectively into a coronary artery. Myocardial contrast echocardiography may, therefore, offer the unique opportunity of simultaneously assessing regional myocardial perfusion and function in vivo.
Technology: The Critical Role in Organizational, Work, and Management Change

This article discusses the implications of technology as it is affecting the evolution and the management of the contemporary organization. Key trends that are facilitating the increased interest in applying technologies, particularly information technologies, are discussed. Also, reasons for the relatively slow deployment of technologies are identified. Finally, recommendations for accommodating the needed changes are presented.
MO-F-134-06: Innovative Approach Towards a Paperless Physics Residency Management System

Purpose: Documentation of a resident's progress can be difficult to collect and disseminate, resulting in minimal utilization by current residents and faculty. The goal of this work is to use an electronic management system to enhance communication by providing centralized program information and real‐time tracking of resident progress. Methods: A web‐based residency management database (Medhub, Inc.) was adapted for use in a physics residency program. To distribute program information, announcements, policies, rotation objectives, and required readings were uploaded. The rotation schedule, machine assignments, and educational conference calendar with associated files and attendance records were added. To document resident progress, requirements for over 30 different clinical procedures were added, for which the resident logged the total number of procedures performed. Resident demographics and files documenting activities and achievements were added. An extensive evaluation system was created with over ten different electronic evaluation and report forms produced. Results: Results are shown for the initial eight months of program existence consisting of one resident and eight physics faculty. 130 documents were uploaded, and 100% of required documents were downloaded by the resident. 135 educational conferences and meetings were offered, of which the resident attended 121. The resident logged a total of 299 clinical procedures. A total of 11 evaluations were submitted. The resident reviewed 100% of respective evaluations within an average of 2.1 days. The resident submitted 19 status reports detailing weekly activities, 100% of which were reviewed by faculty within an average of 4.2 days. Conclusion: We have successfully incorporated a paperless, web‐based management system in a physics residency program. This system has played a central role in optimizing the training experience of the resident by providing a vehicle for easy documentation of resident activities, frequent monitoring and feedback of training progress, and widespread communication of program developments.
Effect of Freezing and Thawing on the Permeability and Structure of Soils

ABSTRACT Chamberlain, E.J. and Gow, A.J., 1979. Effect of freezing and thawing on the permeability and structure of soils. Eng. Geol., 13: 73–92. The permeability and structure of four fine-grained soils were observed to be changed by freezing and thawing. In all cases freezing and thawing caused a reduction in void ratio and an increase in vertical permeability. The increase in permeability is attributed to the formation of polygonal shrinkage cracks and/or to the reduction of the volume of fines in the pores of the coarse fraction, the mechanism controlling the process depending on material type. No definite relationships are established; however, it appears that the largest increase in permeability occurs for the soil of highest plasticity.
Visual detection with non-Lambertian displays: model and human observer results

Many investigators have now recognized that deviations from the on-axis grayscale presentation function in non-Lambertian displays affect the way images are presented to the human observer. However, the quantification of that effect in terms of detection performance has not yet been reported. In the past, we have described physical measurements of the off-axis changes in display luminance and contrast, and on the incorporation of such measurements into a simple mathematical transformation acting on image data that mimics the effect of off-axis viewing. In this paper, we report on the performance of model and human observers with respect to on- and off-axis viewing. The model observers used are the ideal linear observer with off-axis template knowledge and a human-like observer that incorporates quantization due to limited bit-depth and contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. Our results for diagonal viewing at 30 and 45° from the display normal in a 5-million-pixel, monochrome, in-plane-switching, dual-domain AMLCD suggest severe degradation in detection performance. A human-like model which considers the contrast sensitivity of the visual system - not the ideal linear observer - can be used to approximately map off-axis grayscale changes into detectability maps for non-Lambertian displays. This investigation contributes to the setting of viewing angle requirements for medical imaging monitors based on robust observer performance data.
Parametric Cycle Analysis of an Ideal Pulse Detonation Engine

The purpose of this work is to present a mathematical description of an ideal pulse-detonation-engine-based on parametric cycle analysis. The parametric cycle analysis is presented in terms of parameters similar to those for the well-known parametric cycle analyses for the ideal turbojet engine and the ideal ramjet engine. The performance characteristics of specific thrust, thrust-specific fuel consumption, fuel-to-air ratio, thermal efficiency, propulsive efficiency, and overall efficiency are presented as functions of the two variables: compressor total pressure ratio πc and freestream flight Mach number Mo. This work provides algebraic equations that can be used conveniently to investigate the ideal pulse detonation engine performance as a function of a variety of input parameters. It is hoped that this work will aid in exploring the performance of the ideal pulse detonation engine from a big-picture perspective.
Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation of Heart Muscle Mitochondria from Digitalized Guinea Pigs

Fifty-four normal adult male guinea pigs were divided into two groups: (a) a control group of 29 was injected with a carrier solution and (b) an experimental group of 25 was injected with the carrier solution which contained digitoxin nativelle. Serial electrocardiographs revealed no significant changes in the control group; in the experimental group, changes indicated only therapeutic digitalis effect and no toxic phenomena. The efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated cardiac mitochondria from the digitalized animals has been compared with that from control animals. No significant differences could be observed between the digitalized and non-digitalized animals. It would appear that the administration of therapeutic amounts of digitoxin nativelle does not affect the energy-generating mechanisms of normal guinea pig heart mitochondria.
Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced dermatologic toxicities on quality of life†

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors frequently result in dermatologic toxicities, including rash, xerosis, pruritus, and paronychia. Although the frequency and severity of these events have been described, their effect on health-related quality of life (QoL) remains poorly understood. By using a dermatology-specific questionnaire, the authors examined the effect of these toxicities on QoL. METHODS: Patients completed the Skindex-16, a questionnaire that measures the effects on 3 domains of QoL: symptoms, emotions, and functioning. The severity of dermatologic toxicities was assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0 (NCI-CTCAE). Correlations of dermatology QoL scores with NCI-CTCAE grade, skin phototype (SPT), sex, age, type of EGFR inhibitor, and cancer type were investigated. RESULTS: Concordant with greater severity of rash grade, there was an increase in median scores for symptoms (P = .0006), emotions (P 50 years with regard to symptoms (P = .02), emotions (P = .03), functioning (P = .04), and overall score (P = .02). There were no significant differences between QoL and SPT, sex, treatment type, or cancer type (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Toxicities, including rash, xerosis, paronychia, and pruritus, adversely affected QoL, and rash was associated with a QoL greater decrease. Younger patients reported lower overall QoL than older patients who had the same toxicities. The current results support using the NCI-CTCAE as a correlative tool for measuring the effects of rash on dermatology-specific QoL. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Theme and Variations: One Middle School's Interpretation of Mandated Action Research.

In the current climate of accountability, action research is one way for teachers to evaluate instructional changes designed to improve assessment results. It may become increasingly common for administrators to mandate teacher involvement in action research, yet few studies have been conducted in such settings. This article focuses on one middle school where the principal mandated action research for all teachers. Projects were carried out within academic departments, and department chairs were given latitude in how to organize and implement projects. This study explores project implementation and teacher perceptions of the action research. Interviews were used as an appropriate tool to explore teacher perceptions, with document analysis providing triangulation. Results from interviews of administrators, department chairs, and department members suggest an overall positive attitude toward action research, as well as variation in how action research projects were carried out. Differences occurred across s...
A variation in the value of colectomy for cancer across hospitals: mortality, readmissions, and costs.

Introduction Although hospital variation in costs and outcomes has been described for patients undergoing operation, the relationship between them is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this relationship among patients undergoing colon resection for cancer and identify characteristics of “high-quality, low-cost” hospitals. Methods We identified adult patients who underwent colon resection for cancer in California, Florida, and New York from 2009 to 2010. We estimated hospital-level, risk-standardized 30-day hospital costs, in-hospital mortality rates, and 30-day readmission rates by using hierarchical generalized linear models. Costs were compared between hospitals identified as low, average, and high performers. Results The final sample included 14,790 patients discharged from 389 hospitals. After adjusting for case mix, variation was noted in risk-standardized costs (median = $26,169, inter-quartile range [IQR] = $6,559), in-hospital mortality (median = 1.8%, IQR = 2.3%), and 30-day readmission (12.2%, IQR = 0.7%) rates. Minimal correlation was noted between a hospital's costs and outcomes, with similar costs noted across hospital performance groups (low = $25,994 vs average = $26,998 vs high = $25,794, P = .19). High-quality, low-cost hospitals treated a greater percentage of Medicare beneficiaries, approached fewer cases laparoscopically, and trended toward greater volume. Conclusion Hospital costs are not correlated with outcomes in this population. More work is needed to identify means of providing high-quality care at lesser costs.
Endothelial nitric oxide production is tightly coupled to the citrulline–NO cycle

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasorelaxant produced along with L-citrulline from L-arginine in a reaction catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Previous studies suggested that the recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine is essential for NO production in endothelial cells. However, there is no direct evidence demonstrating the degree to which the recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine is coupled to NO production. We hypothesized that the amount of NO formed would be significantly higher than the amount of L-citrulline formed due to the efficiency of L-citrulline recycling via the citrulline-NO cycle. To test this hypothesis, endothelial cells were incubated with [14C]-L-arginine and stimulated by various agents to produce NO. The extent of NO and [14C]-L-citrulline formation were simultaneously determined. NO production exceeded apparent L-citrulline formation of the order of 8 to 1, under both basal and stimulated conditions. As further support, alpha-methyl-DL-aspartate, an inhibitor of argininosuccinate synthase (AS), a component of the citrulline-NO cycle, inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study provide evidence for the essential and efficient coupling of L-citrulline recycling, via the citrulline-NO cycle, to endothelial NO production.
Premature rupture of membranes and surface energy: Possible role of surfactant

Abstract Thirty-one human placental membranes of various gestational ages ( 24 1 2 to 42 weeks) have been studied for their surface properties by use of a goniometer to observe drops of saline and olive oil applied at regular intervals to the amniotic and chorionic surfaces as they dried in air. Results show that the epithelial surfaces of the chorion and amnion and their interface are all appreciably hydrophobic. Surface energy decreased on the amniotic surface with fetal maturity while the surface energy of the chorion was significantly (137%) higher in those displaying premature rupture of the membranes than in others of comparable gestational age. This is explained on the basis that low-energy surfaces (for instance, Teflon) do not stick and provide boundary lubrication which facilitates movement. These properties are needed to avoid the buildup of local mechanical stress which could initiate rupture. It is speculated that the release agent-lubricant is surfactant derived from amniotic fluid and directly adsorbed onto the epithelial walls. On other tissues, the same surfactants have been shown to reduce surface energy, rendering them hydrophobic and imparting many desirable properties such as release, lubrication, and resistance to erosion.
Caudal Approach to the Shoulder Joint in the Dog

A caudal approach to the scapulohumeral joint for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head was performed in seven dogs. By 14 days after surgery, three of the seven dogs were walking normally. At 6 weeks after surgery, all dogs were considered sound. Visualization was adequate for curettage of the osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Access to the medial joint compartment also was afforded.
Circumventing laser relaxation oscillations in interferometers.

Mesure par interferometrie optique des impulsions d'ultrason generees par laser et des impulsions d'emission acoustique generees par contraintes. Proposition d'une methode permettant de contourner les effets des oscillations de relaxation du laser
Domestic structure and international technological collaboration: Ocean pollution regulation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the thesis that the domestic structural milieu (i.e. the state‐society relationship) provided a crucial link in the policy process of intergovernmental attempts to prevent and control ocean pollution from ships and oil during the period 1974–1978. Essentially, it is argued that the ability of political leaders to mobilize domestic resources toward environmental objectives is dependent upon the structure of the domestic political system (i.e. the intragovemmental framework), and the relationship between public and private actors (public‐private structure). In order to test this hypothesis, the study utilizes both aggregate and case study data. As predicted, both aspects of the state‐society relationship are found to be positively related to national support for ocean pollution regulation within the context of advanced industrial countries. In addition, suggestions are made for future research along these lines in order to further develop the linkage between ...
Eosinophilic esophagitis: treatment in 2005.

Purpose of review Eosinophilic esophagitis is an isolated, eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus. The symptoms are often confused for those of gastroesophageal reflux. Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the literature surrounding eosinophilic esophagitis as more than two-thirds of the articles written on the subject have been published within the past 3 years. Because the incidence is rising and the condition is easily diagnosed by endoscopy with biopsy, it is important for physicians to understand the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options available for patients. Recent findings The etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis in children is reported to be associated with an allergic response to food antigens. Because allergy tests are often unable to determine the causative foods, complete elimination of all foods is often required. The diagnosis requires a biopsy of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The condition is diagnosed if the patient's esophageal biopsy depicts over 20 eosinophils per high-powered field despite the use of aggressive acid blockade, biopsies of the stomach antrum and duodenum are normal, and the tissue inflammation resolves when dietary antigens are removed from the diet. While the most commonly involved foods causing eosinophilic esophagitis include milk, eggs, nuts, beef, wheat, fish, shellfish, corn and soy, almost all foods have been implicated. Alternative treatments include esophageal dilatation and medical therapy. Summary This article reviews the past year's literature, concentrating on the pathophysiology, and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in both children and adults.
Forum: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Recently, there have been many efforts to encourage high school graduates to major in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) when they enter college or university. The question remains as to what would be the effective ways to implement these proposed initiatives and execute these ongoing projects. This Froum outlines some suggestions.
Non-invasive mechanical properties estimation of embedded objects using tactile imaging sensor

Non-invasive mechanical property estimation of an embedded object (tumor) can be used in medicine for characterization between malignant and benign lesions. We developed a tactile imaging sensor which is capable of detecting mechanical properties of inclusions. Studies show that stiffness of tumor is a key physiological discerning parameter for malignancy. As our sensor compresses the tumor from the surface, the sensing probe deforms, and the light scatters. This forms the tactile image. Using the features of the image, we can estimate the mechanical properties such as size, depth, and elasticity of the embedded object. To test the performance of the method, a phantom study was performed. Silicone rubber balls were used as embedded objects inside the tissue mimicking substrate made of Polydimethylsiloxane. The average relative errors for size, depth, and elasticity were found to be 67.5%, 48.2%, and 69.1%, respectively. To test the feasibility of the sensor in estimating the elasticity of tumor, a pilot clinical study was performed on twenty breast cancer patients. The estimated elasticity was correlated with the biopsy results. Preliminary results show that the sensitivity of 67% and the specificity of 91.7% for elasticity. Results from the clinical study suggest that the tactile imaging sensor may be used as a tumor malignancy characterization tool.
Changes in interaction biodiversity induced by an introduced ungulate

Long-term conservation of biodiversity may depend not only on the maintenance of its component parts but also on their interactions. Here we provide strong evidence that an introduced species is able to affect the network of interactions among coexisting species. We studied plant–pollinator interactions in native forest sites with and without domestic cattle and used these data to construct plant–pollinator interaction networks. Results from nonmetric multidimensional scaling and permutation tests suggest that the presence of cattle has significantly modified the structure of the plant–pollinator interaction network. The effect of cattle on network structure was mainly because of the modification of a few highly frequent interactions, which are likely important from a functional perspective. This overwhelming influence of a few interactions on observed community patterns should serve as a caution to those studying community and ecosystem properties.
Kiss of the Mutant Mouse: How Genetically Altered Mice Advanced Our Understanding of Kisspeptin's Role in Reproductive Physiology

The kisspeptin system has emerged as one of the most important circuits within the central network governing reproduction. Although kisspeptin physiology has been examined in many species, much of our understanding of this system has come from mice. Recently, the study of several innovative strains of genetically engineered mouse models has revealed intriguing and unexpected insights into the functions of kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Here, we review the advancements in our knowledge of the central kisspeptin system through the use of mutant mice.
Sexism in online video games: The role of conformity to masculine norms and social dominance orientation

Sexism toward women in online video game environments has become a pervasive and divisive issue in the gaming community. In this study, we sought to determine what personality traits, demographic variables, and levels of game play predicted sexist attitudes towards women who play video games. Male and female participants (N=301) who were players of networked video games were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Social dominance orientation and conformity to some types of masculine norms (desire for power over women and the need for heterosexual self-presentation) predicted higher scores on the Video Game Sexism Scale (i.e., greater sexist beliefs about women and gaming). Implications for the social gaming environment and female gamers are discussed.
Preserved visual representations despite change blindness in infants

Combining theoretical hypotheses of infant cognition and adult perception, we present evidence that infants can maintain visual representations despite their failure to detect a change. Infants under 12 months typically fail to notice a change to an object’s height in a covering event. The present experiments demonstrated that 11-month-old infants can nevertheless maintain a viable representation of both the pre- and post-change heights despite their ‘change blindness’. These results suggest that infants, like adults, can simultaneously maintain multiple representations, even if they do not optimally use them.
Need for Autonomy and Resistance to Standardized Employee Selection Practices

Two experiments used a hypothetical hiring scenario to examine (a) how standardizing employee selection practices affects decision makers’ perceptions of autonomy potential, and (b) if increasing the level of autonomy inherent in standardized practices reduces decision makers’ reluctance to use them. The results of Experiment 1 suggest that decision makers perceived the structured interview and the mechanical approach to data combination as having less autonomy potential than their unstructured and intuition-based counterparts. The results of Experiment 2 suggest that the amount of autonomy inherent in a structured interview and a mechanical data combination procedure significantly affected decision makers’ intentions to use them. Together, these findings provide empirical support for the notion that autonomy is an important factor contributing to people’s reluctance to use standardized selection practices and that standardized practices may be modified to enhance people’s perceptions of autonomy and subs...
Initial Validation of the Children’s Worry Management Scale

We investigated the psychometric properties of a new instrument, the Children’s Worry Management Scale (CWMS). The CWMS has three subscales that specify methods of regulating worry: inhibition (the suppression of worry), dysregulation (exaggerated displays of worry), and coping (constructive ways of managing worry). Using a Caucasian, middle-class sample of 214 children (M = 9 years, 1 month), Study 1 provides reliability and validity data through patterns of correlations to parent- and child-completed measures of emotion management and behavioral problems. Internal consistencies range from .69 to .74. Study 2 establishes discriminant validity by demonstrating that the CWMS Dysregulation and Coping subscales differentiated, in the expected directions, between a group of children (n = 27) with DSM-IV anxiety diagnoses and a control group of children with no psychological disorders.