cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thomism and Atheism

Atheism, the thesis that God does not exist and Thomism, the thesis that there are “proofs” for the existence of God based on experience and reason can be juxtaposed to each other as two extremes. On the other hand, the very statement of each implies the need to consider the other, so that the atheist and the Thomist both claim to belong to rational discourse, however much they differ in conclusions. The scriptural tradition has consistently found the one who says there is “no God” to be “foolish,” that is, someone with more than just an intellectual error.
Comparison between two opposite homicidal syndromes (Syndrome e vs. limbic psychotic trigger reaction)

Abstract Two syndromes with opposite kinds of homicidal acts also implicate opposite activation of frontal lobe and limbic systems. I. Fried's “Syndrome E” refers to planned, ideologically-motivated mass murders, committed in groups and accompanied by “elation.” Implicated are heightened functioning of certain frontal lobe regions with certain reduced limbic involvement . In contrast, A. A. Pontius' “Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction” delineates unplanned, motiveless homicidal acts (so far 17 cases) committed by a single loner with flat affect, implicating a partial limbic seizure hyperactivation with fleeting psychosis and brief secondary dysfunctioning of certain frontal regions.
Ethanol pyrolysis experiments in a variable pressure flow reactor

Experimental profiles of stable species concentrations are reported for pyrolysis of ethanol in a variable-pressure flow reactor at initial temperatures near 950 K and at constant pressures ranging from 3 to 12 atm. We present a new technique for comparison of model predictions with experimental observations in order to overcome the problem that time shifting of zero-dimensional modeling results cannot accommodate the memory effects resulting from phenomena that occur in the mixing–diffuser region in the experiments. Using this new technique, comparison of the experiments with the recent ethanol kinetic model of Marinov shows that the model underestimates the fuel consumption rate and the yields of H2O and C2H4, the main products of ethanol decomposition, as well as CH3HCO and CH4, species related to abstraction channels. Both decomposition and abstraction reactions require significant modifications to improve detailed modeling of ethanol pyrolysis at the conditions of the reported experiments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 859–867, 2001
The fine structure of developing bristles in wild type and mutant Drosophila melanogaster

In an attempt to understand the factors involved in morphogenesis of a complex cell like a scale or bristle, the fine structure of the normal development of bristle cells in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R) has been studied and compared with that of the mutants sn3 and Sb. In the development of the normal bristle rounded bundles of longitudinally oriented fibrils lie just beneath the cell surface at regularly spaced intervals. Fiber bundles constitute about 20% of the cross sectional area. The cytoplasmic surface between these bundles is active in enveloping the nerve fiber associated with the bristle and in sending out cytoplasmic processes associated with which the longitudinally oriented bristle ridges form. Singed bristles are bent and twisted and the fiber bundles are present as flattened bands constituting only about 5% of the cross-sectional area. In Sb mutants the total cross-sectional area of fiber bundle material is the same as that in Oregon R, but fiber bundles are smaller and more numerous, being distributed over the larger surface of this thicker and shorter bristle. They constitute only 7% of the cross-sectional area of the bristle. In Sn3Sb mutants characteristics of each gene are exaggerated and an extremely short, wide, and irregular bristle is formed.
Infection of Chironomus plumosus (Díptera: Chironomidae) by a Microsporidian (Thelohania sp.) in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin.

Abstract A new species of Microsporidia, in the genus Thelohania, was found infecting fourth-instar larvae of Chironomus plumosus in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, causing 61% mortality over a 29-day period and inhibiting the pupation and emergence of adult flies. Larvae became infected before the final instar, but the large masses of spores were observed only in fourth-instar larvae in which the fat bodies were well developed. Fourth-instar larvae could not be infected in the laboratory, although 97% of first-instar larvae exposed to Thelohania sp. spores became infected. The incidence of parasitism of fourth-instar larvae in Lake Winnebago often varied from one area of the lake to another, and varied greatly from one generation to the next.
The inhibition of mouse L-cell 45 S ribosomal RNA processing is a highly uv-Resistant property of vesicular stomatitis virus

In mouse L cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the synthesis of 45 S rRNA and its conversion to 28 S and 18 S rRNA are inhibited during the course of infection. Evidence is presented that the lack of accumulation of stable rRNA species results not only from the decreased transcription and processing of 45 S rRNA, but also from an increased breakdown of pre-rRNA or stable rRNA during processing. In cells prelabeled with [3H]uridine and then infected, the 28 S and 18 S rRNA species remain unaffected. Studies using uv-irradiated VSV indicate that the viral function involved in rRNA synthesis inhibition is slightly more sensitive to uv irradiation than the function involved in processing inhibition. These results suggest that the VSV functions involved in 45 S rRNA synthesis and processing inhibition may be related, or overlapping, but not identical. In cells infected by VSV mutant T1026R1, total RNA synthesis is inhibited, but the distribution of precursor and stable rRNA species remains nearly normal for up to 5 hr after infection. The function of the mutant virus involved in the inhibition of rRNA processing appears to be defective. In mengovirus-infected L cells, 45 S rRNA synthesis, but not processing, is severely inhibited soon after infection, indicating that a decrease in rRNA transcription is not necessarily accompanied by a decrease in processing.
Regulation of amino acid accumulation in isolated rat diaphragm: Effect of puromycin and insulin

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of puromycin and insulin on the accumulation of amino acids by isolated rat diaphragm was studied. 2. 2. Puromycin added in vitro inhibited the incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]leucine into protein of muscle; significant inhibition occurred with as little as 5 μg/ml of the antibiotic and appeared maximal with 100 μg/ml or more. The inhibition was apparent as early as 5 min after the start of incubation. 3. 3. When the concentration of puromycin was 50 μg/ml or less, insulin stilll stimulated amino acid incorporation into protein; when the concentration was greater, no effect of the hormone was observed. 4. 4. The fraction of the total radioactivity from [14C]phenylalanine added to the medium that was incorporated into protein was found to be 12.1% and was increased to 18.9% by insulin. Of the actual amount of 14C that appeared in the cell water of diaphragm muscle, 12 to 76.9%, depending on the particular amino acid, was incorporated into protein. It was concluded that a significant portion of the [14C]amino acid added to medium was utilized for protein synthesis. 5. 5. In the presence of puromycin insulin increased the accumulation in isolated diaphragm of radioactivity from 14C-labeled isoleucine and arginine; without puromycin the accumulation of the two amino acids was not increased by the hormone. 6. 6. When diaphragm was incubated in medium containing a single radioactive amino acid, the addition of insulin increased the disappearance of radioactivity from the medium; however, less radioactivity was present in the intracellular water of diaphragm and for that reason the concentration ratio (radioactivity in the intracellular water to that in the extracellular water) was unchanged. 7. 7. It was concluded: (1) that insulin probably increases the entry into muscle of most, if not all, amino acids; (2) that the insulin stimulation of amino acid transport, and of protein synthesis, are independent of each other.
Influence of fusicoccin and gramicidin‐D on Rb+ transport in intact barley seedlings

Abstract The influence of the fungal toxin fusicoccin or the quasi‐ionophore gramicidin‐D on Rb+ transport in intact barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare cv Morex) was studied. Fusicoccin (1 μM) or gramlcidin‐D (3.2 μM) were added to absorption solutions which contained 0.1 mM RbCl and 0.5 mM CaSO4, and the Rb+ content of roots and shoots determined over a 24 hour period. Roots of fusicoccin‐treated seedlings contained greater amounts of Rb+ throughout the entire course of the experiment, and roots of gramlcidin‐D treated seedlings contained greater amounts of Rb+ for the first 10 hours but contained smaller amounts of Rb+ for the rest of the experiment when compared with control seedlings. However, shoots of seedlings treated with fusicoccin or gramicidin‐D contained smaller amounts of Rb+ than the control seedlings throughout the entire course of the experiment. These results are discussed in terms of the interrelationships of the ion transport mechanisms which mediate the vectorial movement of ions from t...
A comparative study of four estimators for analyzing the random event rate of the poisson process

In this plaper,a random effect Poisson regression model is considered for prediction of the failiure rate which would follow a lognormal distribution.A two stage procedure is used to obtain the regression estimator of the failiure rate as well as the shrinkage estimator.These estimators are compared to both the raw estimator which entirely depends on the historical failiure records and a shrinkage estimator in whilch a gamma distribution is used mistakenly in place of the lognormal plrior distribution.Results of Monte-Carlo simulation indicate the following in terms of the MSE:(1)overall,the shrinkage estimator based on the lognormal prior distribution performs best;(2)with the failure rates (0-2.5),the performance of the shrinkage estimator based on the gamma distribution is not significantly different from that of the shrinkage estimator based on the lognormal distribution;(3)when there exists considerable variability in the failure rates(0-10),the raw estimator appears to replace shrinkage estimations....
Cross-National Perspectives on Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory

Abstract Parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory) is a theory of socialization that seeks to predict and explain major causes, consequences, and other correlates of parental acceptance-rejection worldwide. In effect, the theory searches for verifiable universals in parent-child relations insofar as these universals relate to issues surrounding perceived parental acceptance-rejection. In this article, we focus on four major issues within the theory. First, we review the common meaning-structure used by children cross-nationally to assess the extent to which they are accepted or rejected by their parents. Second, we describe the apparently universal psychological outcome of experiencing specific degrees of parental acceptance or rejection. Third, we review sociocultural factors that tend to be associated cross-nationally with variations in parental acceptance-rejection. Finally, we review other sociocultural factors, especially expressive correlates such as a people's institutionalized religious bel...
Designing Differentiated Mathematics Games Discarding the One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Educational Game Play

Primary grade students enter the mathematics classroom with a range of differences including students’ mathematical readiness, mathematical conceptions, interests, and learning profiles. Addressing the learning needs of students is not a trivial task, but accounting for these needs is essential for supporting students as they continually work toward their potential. The philosophy of differentiated instruction provides a framework for addressing the diversity of students’ needs. One unique way of differentiating instruction is by incorporating differentiated educational games into the mathematics curriculum. Although the education market contains scores of mathematics games, few incorporate substantive elements of differentiation. This article presents a guide for modifying a traditional game into a differentiated mathematical game that can be used in primary classrooms. The game design and implementation described in this article were used in a research study, Project Parallax (principal investigators Ca...
Rhenium polyhydride complexes that contain the tripodal phosphine CH3C(CH2PPh2)3 (triphos)

The compound ReCl 3 (triphos) (triphos=CH 3 C(CH 2 PPh 2 ) 3 ) reacts with NaBH 4 in ethanol to afford the pentahydrido complex ReH 5 (triphos), which when treated with HBF 4 -Et 2 O in RCN (R=Me, Et) converts to [ReH(NCR) 3 (triphos)](BF 4 ) 2 .
The effects of verbal and behavioral noncompliance on third party instigation of aggression

Abstract Females, assigned to one of four conditions defined in terms of a confederate's behavior, suggested which shock intensity the confederate ought to set for an opponent during a reaction time competition, should the opponent lose the trial (had slower reaction time). Confederates either verbally complied or disagreed with suggestions to set high shock, while either actually setting the intensity suggested or setting a lower intensity. Over trials, the opponent became increasingly provocative. Results revealed the main effects and interaction of confederate's verbal and actual behaviors, as well as provocativeness of the opponent, significantly influenced the level of shock subjects suggested. Subjects with verbally and behaviorally compliant confederates suggested more intense shock than subjects who encountered any noncompliance.
Tumor Xenograft Uptake of a Pyrrole–Imidazole (Py-Im) Polyamide Varies as a Function of Cell Line Grafted

Subcutaneous xenografts represent a popular approach to evaluate efficacy of prospective molecular therapeutics in vivo. In the present study, the C-14 labeled radioactive pyrrole–imidazole (Py-Im) polyamide 1, targeted to the 5′-WGWWCW-3′ DNA sequence, was evaluated with regard to its uptake properties in subcutaneous xenografts, derived from the human tumor cell lines LNCaP (prostate), A549 (lung), and U251 (brain), respectively. Significant variation in compound tumor concentrations was seen in xenografts derived from these three cell lines. Influence of cell line grafted on systemic polyamide elimination was established. With A549, a marked variation in localization of 1 was determined between Matrigel-negative and -positive xenografts. An extensive tissue distribution analysis of 1 in wild-type animals was conducted, enabling the comparison between the xenografts and the corresponding host organs of origin.
Silicon Platform for Mid-infrared Optofluidic Sensors

Mid-Infrared optofluidics based silicon sensor platforms are demonstrated. Silicon is a great candidate for mid-infrared optofluidics for the following reasons: (1) Silicon has a broad transmission window up to 7 um (2) Silicon offers CMOS compatible and monolithic fabrication (3) Silicon has high chemical resistance that can withstand high temperature, acid/base solution and organic solvents. (4) Silicon is a non-toxic environmentally friendly material. The fabricated mid-infrared optofluidic sensor can replace bulky instruments, such as FTIR, with a lab-on-a-chip system, while achieving much higher sensitivity.
Antibiotics and breast cancer: What's the meaning of this?

REAST CANCER IS THE MOST FREQUENT CANCER diagnosed among women in the United States. Establishedriskfactorsincludeage,familyhistory,reduced parity, earlier age at menarche, alcohol use, postmenopausal adiposity, and hormone therapy. In this issue of THE JOURNAL, Velicer and colleagues 1 report another potential risk factor: the use of prescribed antibiotics. Among 2266 women with breast cancer, as compared with 7953 controls, the use of antibiotics was more common; the risk of breast cancer was greater with longer duration of antibiotic use and was consistent across antibiotic classes.Thisobservationispotentiallyworrisomeinthatantibiotic exposure is common and sometimes nonessential. Thus, if real, the risk of breast cancer attributable to the use of antibiotics could be large and partially preventable. A number of strengths lend validity to the study’s findings. Cases and controls were numerous and chosen from a single clinical source. Cancer diagnoses were confirmed using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Among patients with the highest use of antibiotics, risk of breast cancer was similarly increased regardlessoftheindication(acne,rosacea,orrespiratorytract infections). Computerized pharmacy records were used to validate antibiotic prescriptions and adjustment was made for a number of potentially confounding factors. Atthesametime,thestudymethodsengendercertainconcerns. A randomized clinical trial would have been the criterion standard design, since randomization generates an equivalent distribution of both known and unknown confounding factors across treatment groups. However, randomizing women to an intervention hypothesized to increase the risk of disease would have been unethical. The authors appropriately chose an observational design, specifically a case-control study. Yet case-control studies have important limitations; a major one is confounding. Confounding by indication occurs if women using antibioticsdifferfromnonusersinwaysthatelevatetheirbreastcancerrisk.Womenwithgreatercumulativeuseofantibioticswere older, had earlier age at menarche, had higher body mass indexes,weremorelikelytohaveafamilyhistoryofbreastcancer,andweremorelikelytoreportpostmenopausaluseofhormones, all of which could have increased their risk of breast cancer. The authors adjusted for these factors and state that doing so did not materially influence their results. Nevertheless, the frequency of missing data, especially among controls, limited the validity of this adjustment. Residual confoundingmayhaveoccurred,forinstance,becausephysicians
Interaction of the Lys3614–Asn3643 calmodulin-binding domain with the Cys4114-Asn4142 region of the type 1 ryanodine receptor is involved in the mechanism of Ca2+/agonist-induced channel activation

In the present study we show that the interaction of the CaM (calmodulin)-binding domain (Lys 3614 -Asn 3643 ) with the Cys 4114 -Asn 4142 region (a region included in the CaM-like domain) serves as an intrinsic regulator of the RyR1 (type-1 ryanodine receptor). We tested the effects of antibodies raised against the two putative key regions of RyRI [anti-(Lys 3614 -Asn3643) and anti-(Cys 4114 -Asn 4142 ) antibodies]. Both antibodies produced significant inhibition of [ 3 H]ryanodine-binding activity of RyR 1. This suggests that the inter-domain interaction between the two domains, Lys 3614 -Asn 3643 and Cys 4114 -Asn 4142 , activates the channel, and that the binding of antibody to either side of the interacting domain pair interfered with the formation of a 'channel-activation link' between the two regions. In order to spectroscopically monitor the mode of interaction of these domains, the site of inter-domain interaction was fluorescently labelled with MCA [(7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl] in a site-directed manner. The accessibility of the bound MCA to a large molecular mass fluorescence quencher, BSA-QSY (namely, the size of a gap between the interacting domains) decreased with an increase of [Ca 2+ ] in a range of 0.03-2.0 μM, as determined by Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching analysis. The Ca 2+ -dependent decrease in the quencher accessibility was more pronounced in the presence of 150 μM 4-CmC (4-chlorometacresol), and was reversed by 1 mM Mg 2+ (a well-known inhibitor of Ca 2+ /agonist-induced channel activation). These results suggest that the Lys 3614 -Asn 3643 and Cys 4114 -Asn 4142 regions of RyR1 interact with each other in a Ca 2+ -and agonist-dependent manner, and this serves as a mechanism of Ca 2+ - and agonist-dependent activation of the RyRI Ca 2+ channel.
Adaptation of Avian Eggs to Incubation Period Variability Around Allometric Regressions Is Correlated with Time

Many morphological and physiological parameters of avian eggs are known to be correlated with fresh egg weight, i.e , to exhibit allometric relationships. It has been predicted that part of the variability around some of these allometric relationships is the result of adaptations to incubation periods of different lengths. I performed multiple regressions of three of these parameters (the rate of water loss in the nest, conductance of the shell to gases and the rate of O2 consumption just prior to hatching) versus weight and incubation period to test these predictions. All these parameters were significantly correlated with weight and for eggs of the same weight inversely correlated with the length of the incubation period. Other investigators have reported allometric interrelations between weight, life span and other parameters. For example the average number of heartbeats is the same in mammals of all weights. The kind of interrelation reported in this study appears similar to this kind of allometric interrelation but is actually quite different because it concerns organisms of the same weight. I refer to this kind of interrelation between various parameters for eggs of the same weight as an isometric interrelation. The two kinds of interrelations are quite independent the existence of an allometric interrelation does not prove the existence of an isometric interrelation.
Lacunarity analysis of raster datasets and 1D, 2D, and 3D point patterns

Spatial scale plays an important role in many fields. As a scale-dependent measure for spatial heterogeneity, lacunarity describes the distribution of gaps within a set at multiple scales. In Earth science, environmental science, and ecology, lacunarity has been increasingly used for multiscale modeling of spatial patterns. This paper presents the development and implementation of a geographic information system (GIS) software extension for lacunarity analysis of raster datasets and 1D, 2D, and 3D point patterns. Depending on the application requirement, lacunarity analysis can be performed in two modes: global mode or local mode. The extension works for: (1) binary (1-bit) and grey-scale datasets in any raster format supported by ArcGIS and (2) 1D, 2D, and 3D point datasets as shapefiles or geodatabase feature classes. For more effective measurement of lacunarity for different patterns or processes in raster datasets, the extension allows users to define an area of interest (AOI) in four different ways, including using a polygon in an existing feature layer. Additionally, directionality can be taken into account when grey-scale datasets are used for local lacunarity analysis. The methodology and graphical user interface (GUI) are described. The application of the extension is demonstrated using both simulated and real datasets, including Brodatz texture images, a Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR-C) image, simulated 1D points on a drainage network, and 3D random and clustered point patterns. The options of lacunarity analysis and the effects of polyline arrangement on lacunarity of 1D points are also discussed. Results from sample data suggest that the lacunarity analysis extension can be used for efficient modeling of spatial patterns at multiple scales.
Improving cervical cancer screening in hospital settings.

Background: Identifying opportunities to offer cervical cancer screening to underscreened women is important for increasing early detection. Maryland law mandates offering Pap tests during hospital admissions. We examined organizational and physician attitudes and practices regarding inpatient screening, to identify mechanisms for increasing the law's effectiveness. Methods: We analyzed state admission data, a hospital administrators telephone survey, and a mailed survey of Maryland primary and specialty care physicians, to identify overall patterns and subgroup differences regarding screening. Results: Overall, we found significant concern regarding cancer, and evidence of policies and procedures for screening. However, most hospitals and providers offered screening without assessing clinical need or including persuasive recommendations. Providers with significantly less engagement in preventive assessment and screening included medical and surgical subspecialists and non-primary care providers. Providers to African-American and Medical Assistance women were also less likely to have knowledge, attitudes, and practices conducive to inpatient screening. Conclusions: Adequate support and infrastructure for preventive screening exist within hospitals. Adding clinical assessment and persuasive education could in crease the impact of these mechanisms, and improve prevention among underscreened inpatient populations.
PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

The well-recognized pathology of the collagen vascular diseases is reviewed along with pathologic findings in systemic vasculitides that commonly involve the lung. The pathology of alveolar hemorrhage syndromes is also reviewed.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Whitman Connection

Provides a brief account of the relationship of Whitman to "ardent feminist socialist" Charlotte Perkins Gilman, exploring the question of why this "arch feminist" celebrated Whitman's poetry with such enthusiasm and "what connection there could have been between her philosophy and Whitman's."
Variational calculation of dynamic polarizabilities

Abstract The finite field method of obtaining static multipole polarizabilities is extended to the calculation of dynamic polarizabilities. The first-order frequency dependent wavefunction is obtained variationally using a trial function, λ(ω)ψ 1 (0). ψ 1 (0) is the first-order wavefunction obtained in the static calculation. The results are applied to the approximation of the dynamic polarizability at imaginary frequencies. These are then used to calculate the coefficients for the inverse power series representation of the interatomic potential energy. The method has been applied to two simple cases, hydrogen and helium. For hydrogen the present method yields results close to the exact values for the static dipole polarizability and the dipole-dipole van der Waals coefficient; C 6 . In the case of helium a simple Hartree-Fock function was perturbed but the results are still encouraging with the dipole-dipole van der Waals coefficient, C 6 , calculated to within 7% of the accurate value.
Combined catheterization of the heart utilizing a modified transbronchial technique, percutaneous left ventricular puncture, and venous and arterial catheterization.

Abstract A modified technique for left atrial puncture by the transbronchial route, which makes this approach even safer and more reliable, is presented. The results of various combinations of procedures for hemodynamic studies of the left heart are presented. The value of a versatile armamentarium of techniques for left heart puncture or catheterization is emphasized.
On regulating what is known: A way to social epistemology

This paper lays the groundwork for normative-yet-naturalistic social epistemology. I start by presenting two scenarios for the history of epistemology since Kant, one in which social epistemology is the natural outcome and the other in which it represents a not entirely satisfactory break with classical theories of knowledge. Next I argue that the current trend toward “naturalizing” epistemology threatens to destroy the distinctiveness of the sociological approach by presuming that it complements standard psychological and historical approaches. I then try to reassert, in Comtean fashion, the epistemologist's credentials in regulating knowledge production. Finally, I consider how social epistemology may have something exciting and relevant to say about contemporary debates in the theory of knowledge.
SOC and Multicore Debug: Are Design for Debug (DFD) Features that Are Put in Re-use Cores Sufficient for Silicon Debug?

While Re-useable cores and SOC components are delivered along with a "complete" test suite to ensure good functional test coverage, this is inadequate for silicon debug.
Scope Fallacies and the “Decisive Objection” Against Endurance

From time to time, the idea that enduring things can change has been challenged. The latest challenge has come in the form of what David Lewis has called a “decisive objection”, which claims to deduce a contradiction from the idea that enduring things change with respect to their temporary intrinsics, when that idea is combined with eternalism. It is my aim in this paper to explain why I think that no argument has yet appeared that deduces a contradiction from a combination of eternalism and the idea that enduring things change with respect to their temporary intrinsics, except ones that do so by committing scope fallacies.
Dielectric Response of High Explosives at THz Frequencies Calculated Using Density Functional Theory

We present in this study calculations of the ground-state resonance structures associated with the high explosives β-HMX, PETN, RDX, TNT1, and TNT2 using density functional theory (DFT). Our objective is the construction of parameterized dielectric-response functions for excitation by electromagnetic waves at compatible frequencies. These dielectric-response functions provide the basis for analyses pertaining to the dielectric properties of explosives. In particular, these dielectric-response functions provide quantitative initial estimates of spectral-response features for subsequent adjustment with knowledge of additional information, such as laboratory measurements and other types of theory-based calculations. With respect to qualitative analyses, these spectra provide for the molecular-level interpretation of response structure. The DFT software GAUSSIAN was used for the calculations of the ground-state resonance structures presented here.
High-involvement work practices and employee engagement

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between high involvement work practices (HIWPs) and employee engagement. HIWPs consist of four main attributes: (a) power – employees have the power to make decisions and/or to participate in decision-making; (b) information – information is shared among employees; (c) reward – employees are rewarded for their good performance; and (d) knowledge – employees are provided with the necessary training to do their work. This paper investigates the connections between engagement and each of these practices, and proposes a conceptual model that links these relationships. It starts by providing a brief overview of HIWPs, followed by a discussion on the connections between HIWPs and engagement, and a conclusion and discussion of implications for practice and research.
Azathioprine reduces extravasation and neutrophil trafficking in immune complex-mediated inflammation in the rat colon.

Azathioprine (AZ) has been used in the treatment of refractory inflammatory bowel disease. The mechanism by which AZ decrease colonic inflammation is not known. It is alluded that AZ may be effective in the maintenance of remission. We examined whether AZ in non-immunosuppressive doses reduces extravasation and neutrophil trafficking in a rat model of colonic inflammation. Rats were treated with I.P. injection of AZ (1 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. At the end of 2 and 6 weeks rats were injected I.V. immune complex and on the following day the proximal colon was perfused with 2.5% formaldehyde (local irritant 3 ml/hour for 5 mins). Extravasation was measured by Evans' blue technique and neutrophil concentration in the tissue was determined by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO). AZ did not inhibit extravasation and MPO after 2 weeks of therapy. However, after 6 weeks, AZ reduced extravasation to 20±2 μg/gm compared to untreated animals (51±6 μg/gm tissue) and MPO levels to 0.3±13 compared to untreated rats (0.8±0.32 mU/gm). There was a good correlation between extravasation and MPO levels. These results suggest that long-term treatment with AZ may prevent extravasation and cause reduction in neutrophil trafficking. Such an effect may be beneficial for maintaining remission in IBD.
Performance evaluation of a liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell operating under hydrogen, argon and coal

Abstract A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell is constructed and investigated under different operating conditions. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is used to reflect the effect of fuel feed as the EIS spectra changes significantly on switching the fuel from argon to hydrogen. A cathode symmetric cell is used to separate the impedance from the two electrodes, and the results indicate that a major contribution to the charge-transfer and mass-transfer impedance arises from the anode. The OCP of 0.841 V for the cell operating under argon as a metal-air battery indicates the formation of a SnO2 layer at the electrolyte/anode interface. The increase in the OCP to 1.1 V for the hydrogen fueled cell shows that H2 reduces the SnO2 film effectively. The effective diffusion coefficients are calculated using the Warburg element in the equivalent circuit model for the experimental EIS data, and the values of 1.9 10−3 cm2 s−1 at 700 °C, 2.3 10−3 cm2 s−1 at 800 °C and 3.5 10−3 cm2 s−1 at 900 °C indicate the system was influenced by diffusion of hydrogen in the system. Further, the performance degradation over time is attributed to the irreversible conversion of Sn to SnO2 resulting from galvanic polarization.
Major influences on hospital emergency management and disaster preparedness.

The role of hospitals in the community response to disasters has received increased attention, particularly since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Hospitals must be prepared to respond to and recover from all-hazards emergencies and disasters. There have been several initiatives to guide hospitals' role in these events and to assist hospitals in their effort to prepare for them. This article focuses on the efforts of 4 distinct groups: The Joint Commission (TJC), the executive branch of the US government, the US Congress, and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Despite the different approach each group uses to assist hospitals to improve their emergency management capabilities, the initiatives reinforce one another and have resulted in increased efforts by hospitals to improve their disaster preparedness and response capabilities and community integration. The continued progress of our medical response system in all-hazard emergencies and disasters depends in large part on the future guidance and support of these 4 key institutions. Language: en
Next generation of optical diagnostics for bladder cancer using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy

Real-time imaging with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) probes that fit in standard endoscopes has emerged as a clinically feasible technology for optical biopsy of bladder cancer. Confocal images of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic urothelium obtained with intravesical fluorescein can be differentiated by morphologic characteristics. We compiled a confocal atlas of the urinary tract using these diagnostic criteria to be used in a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Patients scheduled to undergo transurethral resection of bladder tumor underwent white light cystoscopy (WLC), followed by CLE, and histologic confirmation of resected tissue. Areas that appeared normal by WLC were imaged and biopsied as controls. We imaged and prospectively analyzed 135 areas in 57 patients. We show that CLE improves the diagnostic accuracy of WLC for diagnosing benign tissue, low and high grade cancer. Interobserver studies showed a moderate level of agreement by urologists and nonclinical researchers. Despite morphologic differences between inflammation and cancer, real-time differentiation can still be challenging. Identification of bladder cancer-specific contrast agents could provide molecular specificity to CLE. By using fluorescently-labeled antibodies or peptides that bind to proteins expressed in bladder cancer, we have identified putative molecular contrast agents for targeted imaging with CLE. We describe one candidate agent - anti-CD47 - that was instilled into bladder specimens. The tumor and normal urothelium were imaged with CLE, with increased fluorescent signal demonstrated in areas of tumor compared to normal areas. Thus, cancer-specificity can be achieved using molecular contrast agents ex vivo in conjunction with CLE.
Comparison of adsorption and reversed-phase partition high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation of androgens

Abstract Sixty-nine androstane derivatives were chromatographed by adsorption and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total number of hydroxyl and keto groups on the androstane molecule is the most important factor in determining their chromatographic behavior. An α,β-unsaturated keto group contributes as much to the polarity of the molecule as a hydroxyl group and more than an isolated keto group. Generally, 3-hydroxyandrostane derivatives are more polar in adsorption HPLC with n -hexane-ethanol as eluent when the hydroxyl group is equatorial than when it is axial. 17β-Hydroxyandrostane derivatives are generally more polar than their 17α-epimers in reversed-phase partition HPLC with methanol-water as eluent. Compounds inseparable by adsorption HPLC can often be separated by reversed-phase partition HPLC and vice versa .
PRIMO-M: An Extension of the Coarse-Grained Force Field Primo to the Membrane Environment

CG models for biomolecules and lipids are widely established but often suffer from a lack of transferability between different systems and to different environments. Furthermore, the combination with atomistic force fields in hybrid AA/CG multiscale models is often challenging. To alleviate these problems, we have previously developed the PRIMO coarse-grained force field. Here, the extension of PRIMO to membrane environments, PRIMO-M, is presented. The membrane environment is modeled implicitly with the heterogeneous dielectric generalized Born methodology that simply replaces the standard generalized Born model in PRIMO without further parameterization. The resulting model was initially validated by reproducing amino acid insertion free energy profiles. Membrane proteins with 148-661 amino acids show stable root-mean-squared-deviation between 2 and 4 A for most systems. PRIMO-M was able to predict tilt angles of several transmembrane helical peptides that are in good agreement with experimental or other simulation data. The association of two glycophorin A helices was simulated using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations yielding the correct dimer structure with a crossing angle in agreement with previous studies. Finally, the conformational sampling of influenza fusion peptide also generates structures in agreement with previous studies. Overall, these findings suggest that PRIMO-M can be used to study membrane bound peptides and proteins and validates the transferable nature of the PRIMO coarse-grained force field.
The effect of invertebrate consumption on bacterial transport in a mountain stream

Although laboratory studies have shown that filter-feeding invertebrates consume bacteria from stream water, no study has measured bacterial consumption in the field or determined system-level removal rates of sestonic bacteria. To examine bacterial removal rates and consumption by invertebrates, we released fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) into a second-order stream at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina. We performed two l-h releases during summer over bedrock habitat that supports many filterfeeders. We calculated uptake length and counted FLB in the guts of seven insect taxa. Uptake length was 78 and 83 m for the two releases, which corresponded to uptake rates of 4.03 and 3.69 x 10’ cells m-2 min-l. Simulium, a filter-feeding blackfly larva, ingested FLB at a rate of II .4 x lo4 cells mg- * min-l, 10 times the rate of other taxa. Diplectrona and Parapsyche, hydropsychid caddisfly filter-feeders, had ingestion rates between Simulium and other taxa. Epeorus, a scraping mayily, and Tallaperla, a shredding stonefly, also ingested FLB, presumably from cells that adhered to the substrate. Invertebrate ingestion per square meter of stream bottom was 7% of total stream uptake, with Simulium responsible for 9 1% of the total invertebrate ingestion. Adhesion of FLB to the substrate from the water column seemed to be more important than invertebrate consumption in this stream, and one taxon, Simulium, was responsible for most invertebrate consumption of bacteria.
FIELD CONFIGURATIONS AND THEIR INSTABILITY INDUCED BY HIGHER DIMENSIONS OF SPACE TIME: AN EXAMPLE

We use the model of L. Randall et al.3 to investigate the stability of allowed quantum field configurations. Firstly, we find that due to the topology of this five-dimensional model, there are two possible configurations of the scalar field, untwisted and twisted. They give rise to two types of instability. Secondly, when allowed to interact in the brane, the untwisted field is shown to be unstable even if it is at the true vacuum ground state as a result of one-loop corrections that arise from coupling with the twisted field. On the other hand, the twisted field can make the two three-branes (that are otherwise identical in their properties and geometry) distinguishable therefore causing an energy difference between them. That is due to the antiperiodicity of the twisted fields, when rotating with π to go from one three-brane to the other. This energy difference between the branes renders the fifth dimension unstable. This toy model is simple enough to use to illustrate a point that can be important for ...
The diastolic function to cyclic variation of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter relation: the influence of parametrized diastolic filling (PDF) formalism determined chamber properties

Abstract Myocardial tissue characterization represents an extension of currently available echocardiographic imaging. The systematic variation of backscattered energy during the cardiac cycle (the “cyclic variation” of backscatter) has been employed to characterize cardiac function in a wide range of investigations. However, the mechanisms responsible for observed cyclic variation remain incompletely understood. As a step toward determining the features of cardiac structure and function that are responsible for the observed cyclic variation, the present study makes use of a kinematic approach of diastolic function quantitation to identify diastolic function determinants that influence the magnitude and timing of cyclic variation. Echocardiographic measurements of 32 subjects provided data for determination of the cyclic variation of backscatter to diastolic function relation characterized in terms of E-wave determined, kinematic model-based parameters of chamber stiffness, viscosity/relaxation and load. The normalized time delay of cyclic variation appears to be related to the relative viscoelasticity of the chamber and predictive of the kinematic filling dynamics as determined using the parametrized diastolic filling formalism (with r-values ranging from .44 to .59). The magnitude of cyclic variation does not appear to be strongly related to the kinematic parameters.
Prolonged muscle vibration increases stretch reflex amplitude, motor unit discharge rate, and force fluctuations in a hand muscle.

The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of prolonged vibration of a hand muscle on the amplitude of the stretch reflex, motor unit discharge rate, and force fluctuations during stead...
Characterization of dehaloperoxidase compound ES and its reactivity with trihalophenols.

Dehaloperoxidase (DHP), the oxygen transport hemoglobin from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata, is the first globin identified to possess a biologically relevant peroxidase activity. DHP has been shown to oxidize trihalophenols to dihaloquinones in a dehalogenation reaction that uses hydrogen peroxide as a substrate. Herein, we demonstrate that the first detectable intermediate following the addition of hydrogen peroxide to ferric DHP contains both a ferryl heme and a tyrosyl radical, analogous to Compound ES of cytochrome c peroxidase. Furthermore, we provide a detailed kinetic description for the reaction of preformed DHP Compound ES with the substrate 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and demonstrate the catalytic competency of this intermediate in generating the product 2,4-dichloroquinone. Using rapid-freeze-quench electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we detected a g ≈ 2.0058 signal confirming the presence of a protein radical in DHP Compound ES. In the absence of substrate, DHP Compound ES ev...
Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Maturation by Group A Streptococcus

Background Exposure to group A Streptococcus (GAS) has been shown to induce maturation of dendritic cells (DC). Methods To identify bacterial determinants that modulate DC activation in response to GAS infection, we analyzed the induction of maturation in human monocyte-derived DC following exposure to GAS clinical isolates. Results Unexpectedly, only 6 of 24 GAS strains tested induced surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD83 to levels consistent with DC maturation. Rather, the majority of the strains did not promote DC maturation, and many triggered DC apoptosis. GAS strains that failed to induce DC maturation were those that produced abundant hyaluronic acid (HA) capsular polysaccharide and/or large amounts of the cytotoxin streptolysin O (SLO). By use of isogenic mutants deficient in HA and/or SLO, we determined that GAS inhibits DC maturation through 2 distinct mechanisms: (1) inhibition of bacterial binding and/or phagocytosis by the HA capsule and (2) SLO-mediated induction of DC apoptosis by intracellular GAS. Conclusions These results demonstrate that GAS virulence factors modulate maturation and survival of human DC, effects that are likely to have a critical impact on activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to this important human pathogen.
Cell transplantation as future therapy for cardiovascular disease?: A workshop of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Abstract—Despite the development of improved therapies and the significant advances in the understanding of the basis of disease pathogenesis, millions of Americans continue to live with life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Recent breakthroughs suggest exciting directions that are likely to produce more effective therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. One such area, cell transplantation (grafting of healthy cells into the diseased heart), holds enormous potential as an approach to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Once thought to be a scientific long shot, cell transplantation is becoming recognized as a viable strategy to strengthen weak hearts and limit infarct growth. The technology could also be used for the long-term delivery of beneficial recombinant proteins to the heart, which is a strategy to complement molecular biology advances and provide an alternative strategy for gene therapy. On August 24, 1998, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to discuss...