cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of fertilizer and nematicide treatments on crops grown for biomass

Abstract Successful production of biomass for energy requires selection of species with high annual yields and development of proper management conditions. Pennisetum purpureum, Erianthus arundinaceum, Sorghum bicolar, and Tripsacum dactyloides were grown as single biomass crops and Brassica campestris, Sorghum bicolor were grown in sequence under one nematicide and two fertilization treatments. The experiment was conducted over a three year period. P. purpureum (52·2 Mg ha−1) and Erianthus (46·4 Mg ha−1) produced highest dry biomass yield when recommended fertilizer rate for forage production was applied and the plants were cut once each year. Harvesting P. purpureum twice each year reduced yields 65% compared with the single cut. Decreasing fertilizer by one-half lowered yield 14–26% for P. purpureum and sorghums; 49% for T. dactyloides (zero fertilizer applied), whereas Erianthus increased from 46·4 to 54·0 Mg ha−1 with the lower fertility. The application of 6·7 kg ha−1 active nematicide on the soil surface in late March of each year did not control nematodes nor affect yields. Biomass yields from P. purpureum and Erianthus when grown on flatwood soils in peninsular Florida at the normal fertilizer rate and harvested once per year were higher than yields at reduced fertilizer treatments. Additional research is needed to determine optimum fertilizer levels for each grass grown under specific soil conditions.
Calcium Availability and Trace Mineral Composition of Feed Grade Calcium Supplements

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the calcium availability of 5 samples of ground limestone for chicks and laying hens. The first study employed broiler chicks to 4 weeks of age with body weight and bone ash as criteria of calcium availability. Regression analyses of the bone ash data showed a linear relationship between dietary calcium level and percent bone ash (fat-free, dry weight basis). A comparison of the slopes of the calculated regression lines showed that the percent calcium availability of the ground limestone samples varied from 73.3% to 109.4% in comparison with a calcium carbonate A.R. standard; oyster shell flour showed an availability of 107.8% by this method. The second study was carried out with laying hens and employed apparent calcium retention and egg shell thickness as criteria of calcium availability. The ground limestone samples varied from 82.4 to 98.4% calcium availability. Calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, and magnesium levels of twenty-four ground limestone and 5 oyster shell samples are reported.
Survival Benefit of Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Regurgitation and Pulmonary Hypertension

Background Severe pulmonary hypertension occurs in approximately 10% of patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR). The potential survival benefit of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in these patients is not known, and was analyzed in a large cohort of patients. Methods Our echocardiographic data was screened for severe AR patients with severe pulmonary hypertension defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg or greater. Chart reviews were performed for clinical, pharmacologic, and surgical details, and survival data were analyzed as a function of AVR. Results Of the 506 patients with severe AR and measurable pulmonary artery pressures by echocardiography, 83 had severe pulmonary hypertension defined as a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg or greater. Severe pulmonary hypertension was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (47% ± 22% versus 53% ± 19%, p = 0.006), larger left ventricular size ( p = 0.03), and higher grades of mitral regurgitation (2.7 ± 1.2 versus 1.7 ± 1.1, p p = 0.004). After adjusting for comorbidities, AVR remained an independent predictor of better survival (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22 to 0.92, p = 0.03). This survival benefit of AVR was further supported by propensity score analysis. Conclusions Severe pulmonary hypertension occurs in approximately 16% of patients with severe AR and is associated with left ventricular enlargement with dysfunction and resultant mitral regurgitation. Aortic valve replacement is associated with an independent survival benefit in these patients.
Experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats: altered pattern of disease induced by pertussis vaccine.

Abstract Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) was induced in Lewis rats by a single injection of sciatic nerve-complete Freund's adjuvant either with or without a simultaneous injection of pertussis vaccine as a supplemental immunopotentiating agent. Fibrin deposition, documented by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, was found to be an important immunohistopathologic concomitant of this autoimmune peripheral nervous system disorder irrespective of whether pertussis vaccine was included in the sensitization regimen. In contrast to the well-known capacity of pertussis vaccine to accelerate and intensify other analogous experimental autoallergies, Lewis rats receiving pertussis vaccine in addition to peripheral nerve sensitization clearly developed a less intense form and altered pattern of EAN as manifested by: (a) decreased thoracic cage muscular weakness and associated respiratory impairment and (b) decreased sciatic nerve inflammation. Diminished inflammation of sciatic nerves was accompanied by increased fibrin deposition and focal cellular infiltration within the brain. Pertussis vaccine would appear to exert an immunosuppressive effect on EAN while simultaneously retaining its known capacity to augment immunologic injury of the central nervous system.
From the pioneers till tomorrow

The evolution of polymer science has been astounding. Since the early days when Staudinger, Mark and others pioneered the then-new field, it has grown enormously thanks to a breathtaking collection of talent. A series of major discoveries has taken place since the 1950s, and the number of practitioners has grown impressively. Polymer science is now deeper and broader, and well poised to advance science and benefit society.
Integration of a carbon nanotube field emission electron gun for a miniaturized time-of-flight mass spectrometer

A carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron gun has been fabricated and assembled as an electron impact ionization source for a miniaturized time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The cathode consists of a patterned array of CNT towers grown by catalyst-assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition. An extraction grid is precisely integrated in close proximity to the emitter tips (20-35 μm spacing), and an anode is located at the output to monitor the ionization beam current. Ultra-clean MEMS integration techniques were employed in an effort to achieve three improvements, relative to previous embodiments: reduced extraction voltage during operation to be resonant with gas ionization energies, enhanced current transmission through the grid, and a greater understanding of the fundamental current fluctuations due to adsorbate-assisted tunneling. Performance of the CNT electron gun will be reported, and implications for in situ mass spectrometry in planetary science will be discussed.
Analysis of Excitation Functions in Cm(C,xn)No Reactions

Excitation functions for the synthesis of $^{251}\mathrm{No}$, $^{252}\mathrm{No}$, $^{253}\mathrm{No}$, $^{254}\mathrm{No}$, $^{255}\mathrm{No}$, $^{256}\mathrm{No}$, and $^{257}\mathrm{No}$ in the bombardments of $^{244}\mathrm{Cm}$, $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$, and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ with $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ are presented. A good fit to these functions has been obtained by the use of the Jackson formula as modified to include fission and angular-momentum effects. Experimental values of ${〈\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{f}}〉}_{\mathrm{av}}$ are compared with the semiempirical formula of Fujimoto and Yamaguchi and the following new empirical formula: ${log}_{10}(\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{f}})=\ensuremath{-}0.276Z+f(N)$, where $f(N)$ is $5.46+0.140N$ for $N\ensuremath{\leqq}153$ and $19.23+0.050N$ for $N\ensuremath{\geqq}153$. A brief discussion of $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{f}}$ systematics of transberkelium nuclides and the effect of the 152-neutron subshell is given.
Emotion Regulation and Stress

This paper examines the similarities and differences between emotion regulation and stress coping and reviews research that suggests that the association between emotion regulation and stress may be explained by the common neural structures. Developmental changes related to emotion regulation and stress are also discussed. Overall, the research suggests that individuals vary in their ability to regulate emotions and cope with stress, and these abilities may differ across age. Little is known, however, about the factors that influence individual differences in emotion regulation and stress coping. We suggest that behavioral genetic designs may be an important avenue for future research. Such research would indicate the extent to which variation in emotion regulation and stress are due to genetic and/or environmental influences and further the extent to which common genetic and/or environmental factors explain the links between emotion regulation and stress.
Elevated serotonin transporter binding in major depressive disorder assessed using positron emission tomography and [11C]DASB; comparison with bipolar disorder.

Background Altered serotonergic function is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive episodes based upon evidence from neuroimaging, pharmacological, postmortem and genetic studies. It remains unclear, however, whether depressed samples that differ with respect to having shown a unipolar versus a bipolar illness course also would show distinct patterns of abnormalities within the serotonergic system. The current study compared serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding between unipolar-depressives (MDD), bipolar-depressives (BD) and healthy-controls (HC) to assess whether the abnormalities in 5-HTT binding recently found in depressed subjects with BD extend to depressed subjects with MDD. Methods The 5-HTT binding-potential (BP) measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and [ 11 C]DASB was compared between unmedicated, depressed subjects with MDD ( n = 18) or BD ( n = 18) and HC ( n = 34). Results Relative to the healthy group both MDD and BD groups showed significantly increased 5-HTT BP in the thalamus (24%, 14%, respectively), insula (15%) and striatum (12%). The unipolar-depressives had elevated 5-HTT BP relative to both BD and HC groups in the vicinity of the periaqueductal gray (PAG, 20%, 22%, respectively). The bipolar-depressives had reduced 5-HTT BP relative to both HC and MDD groups in the vicinity of the pontine raphe nuclei. Depression-severity correlated negatively with 5-HTT BP in the thalamus in MDD-subjects. Conclusions The depressed phases of MDD and BD both were associated with elevated 5-HTT binding in the insula, thalamus and striatum, but showed distinct abnormalities in the brainstem. The latter findings conceivably could underlie differences in the patterns of illness symptoms and pharmacological sensitivity observed between MDD and BD.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEACTIVATION AND PROTECTION OF FeTi THIN FILMS USING COMPLEMENTARY NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES

Abstract FeTi is an excellent hydrogen storage material; however, it deactivates after numerous charge-discharge cycles. This study investigates the mechanism for deactivation as well as the use of a protective palladium coating to eliminate deactivation using a non-destructive technique which samples the integrity of the FeTi below the palladium coating. Specifically, conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and “static” secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were used to analyze the topmost 10nm, 2nm and monolayer respectively of a 10nm FeTi specimen after various annealings and reduction treatments. A 5 nm palladium coating was applied to an identical specimen and analyzed with CEMS after similar treatments. Analyses of the uncoated specimen revealed that titanium, initially in FeTi, reacted with O2-H2O impurities in the H2 charging gas to produce TiO2 at the outermost surface while forming iron domains in the near-surface region. During annealing at 450 K for 3 h, a solid state reaction was also noted to occur in which Fe2O3 was reduced by adjacent titanium in FeTi. This solid state reaction parallels the gas phase reaction for initial activation of FeTi after exposure to air. Analyses of the palladium-coated specimen could only be performed using CEMS because of its unique ability to probe below the coating at the Pd-FeTi interface, a region which is below the sampling depths of both XPS and static SIMS. The palladium coating provided an effective oxygen barrier which prevented deactivation and maintained the integrity of FeTi.
A model for solid-state dewetting of a fully-faceted thin film

Abstract Owing to their extremely aspect ratios, most thin films are unstable and when they are heated, they will dewet or agglomerate to form islands. This process can occur in the solid state through capillary-driven surface self-diffusion. A key feature of the dewetting process is the retraction of the edges of the film, either natural edges, patterned edges, or edges where holes have formed. Models of edge retraction have been previously developed for isotropic materials and anisotropic materials with differentiable surfaces, but the effects of faceting in highly anisotropic materials have been largely unexplored. Here, we present a two-dimensional model of edge retraction for highly anisotropic, fully-faceted thin films. This model shows generally good agreement with experimental results for edge retraction of single-crystal Ni films on MgO. In both experiments and the model, rims form as the edges retract. The effects of adjusting various physical parameters on the edge retraction rate and the evolving rim geometry were explored using the model. The film thickness, surface self-diffusivity on the top facet of the rim, the equivalent contact angle of the film on the substrate, and the absolute value of the surface energies were found to be the factors that have the greatest influence on the edge retraction rate. In isotropic models and some experimental systems, valleys form ahead of the retracting rims and deepen to contact the substrate and cause pinch-off. Our model suggests that this form of pinch-off will not occur when the rim is fully faceted and the top surface is an equilibrium facet. However, pinch-off can occur through film thinning and for films with top surfaces that do not form flat equilibrium facets.
Abundance of the Hawaiian monk seal in the main Hawaiian Islands

Most of the extant circa 1400 Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi live in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). However, an increasing number of sightings and births have recently occurred in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), where no systematic surveys of monk seals were conducted prior to 2000. We estimate that there were at least 45 seals in the MHI in 2000 and at least 52 in 2001, based on aerial surveys of all MHI coastlines, supplemented by sightings of seals from the ground. Moreover, annual births in the MHI have evidently increased since the mid-1990s. Weaned pups in the MHI are longer and have greater girth than those in the NWHI, perhaps reflecting greater per-capita abundance of prey resources. We think that Hawaiian monk seals have recently re-colonized the MHI, which were a very likely part of their historic range. Regardless, the MHI habitat appears to be favorable for continued increases of this endangered species.
An expert system for the selection of indexable inserts and tool holders

The selection and optimum utilization of tool holders and inserts is important for reducing manufacturing costs. The process of selection is time consuming and requires highly experienced process planners or tool engineers. This paper describes a Cutting Tool Expert system (CTE) developed to assist users in cutting tool selection or design. The system is implemented using the M.1 expert shell, runs on a personal computer. CTE queries the user on the type of operation, workpiece material and condition, tolerance, surface finish, etc. The system's recommendations are based on the ANSI/ISO specifications. CTE also suggests the appropriate cutting conditions for the selected insert.
A review of the electrical properties of monomeric and polymeric charge-transfer complexes

The electrical properties of a large number of monomeric charge-transfer (CT) complexes have been studied; a range of 20 decades is observed in their conductivity. We have learned that there is a structurally related anisotropy of the conductivity, that powder measurements can be very misleading, and that the conductivity is high in CT complexes having a large radical-ion component in the ground state. Further progress requires learning how to achieve purity and measure carrier mobility in single crystals, and attempts made thus far in these directions are reviewed. A major problem in achieving high conductivity in polymers is to increase chain-chain interaction; CT complexing is an effective way of accomplishing this and a number of donor polymer-monomeric acceptor systems have been examined. There has been very little work on carrier mobility. The emphasis in the future must be to achieve and study pure, well-understood structures.
Transient and persistent Marangoni–Bénard convection in the presence of surfactants

Abstract A liquid film subject to a transverse temperature gradient, with cool fluid above and hot fluid below, can erupt into a periodic flow caused by the Marangoni–Benard instability, a thermocapillary flow driven by the decrease in surface tension with temperature. A unit cell in this periodic flow has an upwelling of hot fluid at its center, and downward flow at the cool edges. There is renewed interest in this flow field, which has been adopted as a means to create periodic structures from particles suspended within evaporating films. Surfactants can alter the onset conditions for the flow through either surfactant-related Marangoni stresses or through increased thermocapillary coupling. We study the effects of an insoluble surfactant on the transients and steady behavior of this flow in a two-dimensional simulation of the non-linearly coupled heat, surfactant transport, and momentum equations in a unit cell of the flow field for the circumstance in which convective effects are strong compared to surface diffusion. This is the usual case in experiment, which cannot be accessed by the perturbative schemes typically adopted in stability analyses. Typically, surface tension reduces with surfactant concentration. For this case, at low surface concentration, surfactant is swept to the outer edges of the unit cell, and the interface can be divided into a surfactant-covered region with zero velocity, and a surfactant-free region of width λfree. Flow persists in the surfactant free region if λfree corresponds to a linearly unstable wavelength. That is, remarkably, the steady response of the non-linear system can be related to classical marginal stability results from a linear stability analysis, provided the wavelength is replaced by λfree. Insoluble surfactants in coexisting liquid expanded and liquid condensed surface states can promote thermocapillary flows, as surface tension is highly coupled to temperature, and decoupled from concentration in two phase coexistence. For such surfactants, linearly unstable conditions are readily established. The flow will rapidly occur and will subsequently self-quench. Surfactants will re-spread, setting conditions for auto-oscillatory behavior.
Ultrastructure of freeze-substituted pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum

In view of the importance of the lily pollen tube as an experimental model and the improvements in ultrastructural detail that can now be attained by the use of rapid freeze fixation and freeze substitution (RF-FS), we have reexamined the ultrastructure of these cells in material prepared by RF-FS. Several previously unreported details have been revealed: (1) the cytoplasm is organized into axial “slow” and “fast” lanes, each with a distinct structure; (2) long, straight microtubule (MT) and microfilament (MF) bundles occur in the cytoplasm of the fast lanes and are coaligned with every organelle present; (3) the cortical cytoplasm contains complexes of coaligned MTs, MFs, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER); (4) the cortical ER is arranged in a tight hexagonal pattern and individual elements are closely appressed to the plasma membrane with no space between; (5) mitochondria and ER extend into the extreme apex along the flanks of the pollen tube, and vesicles and ER are packed into an inverted cone-shaped area at the center of the apex; (6) MF bundles in the tip region are fewer, finer, and in random orientation in comparison to those of the fast lanes; (7) the generative cell (GC) cell wall complex contains patches of plasmodesmata; (8) The GC cytoplasm contains groups of spiny vesicles that are closely associated with and seem to be fusing with or pinching off from mitochondria, and (9) the vegetative nucleus (VN) contains internal MT-like structures as well as numerous cytoplasmic MTs associated with its membrane and also located between the VN and GC.
A Prospective Study of In-line Skating: Observational Series and Survey of Active In-line Skaters—Injuries, Protective Equipment, and Training

OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess the relationship between types of injuries incurred and training and protective equipment worn by adults injured while in-line skating; 2) to observe the type and amount of protective equipment worn by in-line skaters while skating; and 3) to survey active in-line skaters about formal training, protective equipment, and history of injuries incurred, and the effect of such injuries on the protective equipment subsequently worn. METHODS: A prospective study of consecutive adult patients presenting to the ED for evaluation of in-line skating injuries; a consecutive-series observational study of active in-line skaters to assess protective equipment worn; and a survey of selected active in-line skaters. Eighty-five adult patients were included who presented with a history of injury related to in-line skating to the EDs of an urban academic medical center, a suburban academic-affiliated hospital, and a community hospital. Four hundred eleven active in-line skaters on the Chicago lakefront were observed for protective equipment worn, 91 of whom participated in the survey. RESULTS: Of those presenting to the ED with injuries, only 15% indicated that they had received formal in-line skating instruction. Of the ED patients, 50% wore no protective equipment; overall, 6% wore a helmet; 44%, wrist protection; 23%, knee protection; and 19%, elbow protection. Only 2% wore all of the above equipment. The primary mechanism of injury reported was a loss of balance (58%); others included collision with objects (25%), collision with bicycles (11%), and collision with cars (5%). Fractures or dislocations occurred in 48% of the patients; 6% had head injuries necessitating CT scans. Those who wore no protective gear were more likely to require hospital admission (p
Isolation of defective viruses from SV40-transformed human and hamster cells.

Abstract SV40-transformed human and hamster nonyielder cell lines were fused with green monkey kidney cells and the heterokaryocytes were seeded in green monkey kidney cell monolayers for detection of plaques due to infectious centers. Formation of “microplaques” was observed and material isolated from “microplaques” induced SV40 T-antigen in human and mouse cells.
Automatic text extraction from color image

An effective and fast method to extract text from color background is proposed in this paper. Under the assumption that the text strings with high contrast are usually important, a modified sobel operator is utilized to transform the color image into an edge binary image and an edge-based smear processing is also used to speed up the color image processing time greatly. Combining the feature- based text candidates identification with the moment preserving region segmentation, we can effectively extract text from scanned true-color image varying in text font, size and color complexity. The extracted texts are finally input to the Optical Character Recognition system. Experimental results demonstrate the high speed performance and feasibility of this method.
Excited‐state kinetics in the photolysis of azoethane and hexafluoroazomethane at 366 nm, up to one atmosphere pressure, and from room temperature to 150°C

The photochemistry of azoethane and hexafluoroazomethane at 366 nm has been reinvestigated up to 1 atm pressure, and over a range of temperature from 27 to 150°C. The Stern-Volmer type quenching plots primarily demonstrate the decomposition of a single electronic and vibrationally excited state for azoethane, but competitive photodissociation from two different electronic and vibrationally excited states, which was previously postulated for hexafluoroazomethane and azoisopropane, is confirmed for hexafluoroazomethane. It is concluded, however, that two different electronic and vibrationally excited photodissociating states are present in azoethane photolysis, but that one of them is difficult to detect, at least by the present approach Photosensitization with biacetyl at 436 nm also causes the dissociation of azoethane, and this is probably from the vibrationally equilibrated first triplet state. The energy barrier for this process was found to be 5.0 kcal/mol.
Confidence intervals for the parameters of psychometric functions

A Monte Carlo method for computing the bias and standard deviation of estimates of the parameters of a psychometric function such as the Weibull/Quick is described. The method, based on Efron's parametric bootstrap, can also be used to estimate confidence intervals for these parameters. The method's ability to predict bias, standard deviation, and confidence intervals is evaluated in two ways. First, its predictions are compared to the outcomes of Monte Carlo simulations of psychophysical experiments. Second, its predicted confidence intervals were compared with the actual variability of human observers in a psychophysical task. Computer programs implementing the method are available from the author.
Brain Imaging And Behavioral Outcome In Traumatic Brain Injury

Brain imaging studies have become an essential diagnostic assessment procedure in evaluating the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Such imaging studies provide a wealth of information about structural and functional deficits following TBI. But how pathologic changes identified by brain imaging methods relate to neurobehavioral outcome is not as well known. Thus, the focus of this article is on brain imaging findings and outcome following TBI. The article starts with an overview of current research dealing with the cellular pathology associated with TBI. Understanding the cellular elements of pathology permits extrapolation to what is observed with brain imaging. Next, this article reviews the relationship of brain imaging findings to underlying pathology and how that pathology relates to neurobehavioral outcome. The brain imaging techniques of magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography are reviewed. Various image analysis procedures, and how such findings relate to neuropsychological testing, are discussed. The importance of brain imaging in evaluating neurobehavioral deficits following brain injury is stressed.
Characterization of hindlimb motoneuron membrane properties in acute and chronic spinal cats

The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in hindlimb motoneuron membrane electrical properties occur 4–6 months after spinal transection in the adult animal. Eight acute and nine chronic animals were spinalized at T12. Intracellular recordings from motoneurons innervating the triceps surae were performed. Membrane electrical properties, including resting potential, action potential peak amplitude, afterhyperpolarization duration, rheobasic current, input resistance and axonal conduction velocity were measured. There were no statistical differences found between group means or frequency distributions in the membrane properties of motoneurons assessed from acute and chronic spinal animals. Thus, alteration of motoneuron membrane properties does not appear to be a major contributing factor to the hyperexcitable hindlimb reflex activity demonstrated by chronic spinal animals.
Islam in Tribal societies

Ahmed, Akbar S., and David M. Hart, eds. Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984. vii + 343 pp. including chapter references and index. $21.95 paper.
The futurity of decisions as a facilitator of organizational creativity and change

Behavior in organizations is predominantly driven by expectations and routines derived from past experience rather than by envisioned scenarios reflecting future potentialities. The disproportionate weight placed on expectations derived from past experience has been blamed for a variety of problems associated with individual and organizational creativity and change. Drucker addressed this long‐standing problem by arguing that decision makers must address the degree of “futurity” they need to factor into their present thinking and action. Specifically, decision makers must consider the relative weight or ratio given to ideas derived from two temporally distinct sources of knowledge – expectations constructed from remembering past experiences, and visions derived from imagining the future. In this paper I seek to describe how varying the priority given to remembering and imagining during enactment (action‐perception‐sensemaking) episodes affects organizational creativity and change.
Arnold B. Arons (1916–2001)

Arnold B. Arons died of a heart attack at his home in Seattle on February 28, 2001, aged 84. He was a long-time member of the American Geophysical Union (1950; Ocean Sciences) and of the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT), of which he was president in 1961. He was a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Arnold Arons was a teacher of physics. He taught it to the freshmen at Amherst College from 1952 to 1968, and then, at the University of Washington, he taught prospective teachers of physics how to teach it. He stressed meaning in physical concepts: how it is derived from shared experience, is founded on operational definitions, and is deepened and broadened with growing sophistication, individual and historical. He derided glib chatter about complex ideas (“Gibberish!”), or mere manipulation of symbols and formulas, and insisted—fiercely—that students know what they were talking about. His presence in the lecture hall at Amherst was sometimes terrifying; that technique might not be readily accepted in present, more tender times, but it was effective in shaking high school hotshots loose from some of their delusions. Despite perceived indignities, they usually gave him a standing ovation at the end of the spring semester.
Chemical kinetic modeling of a methane opposed flow diffusion flame and comparison to experiments

The chemical structure of an opposed flow, methane diffusion flame is studied using a chemical kinetic model and the results are compared to experimental measurements. The chemical kinetic paths leading to aromatics and polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the diffusion flame are identified. These paths all involve resonantly stabilized radicals which include propargyl, allyl, cyclopentadienyl, and benzyl radicals. The modeling results show reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements for the large hydrocarbon aliphatic compounds, aromatics, and PAHs. the benzene was predicted to be formed primarily by the reaction sequence of Allyl plus Propargyl equals Fulvene plus H plus H followed by fulvene isomerization to benzene. Naphthalene was modeled using the reaction of benzyl with propargyl, while the combination of cyclopentadienyl radicals were shown to be a minor contributor in the diffusion flame. The agreement between the model and experiment for the four-ring PAHs was poor.
Lag screw technique for orbital floor reconstruction with autologous bone grafts

The goal of orbital floor reconstruction in trauma surgery is to restore the functional anatomy. Recent advances in orbital reconstruction include the use of immediate autogenous bone grafts for support of the orbital contents, as well as the capability to use rigid fixation within the bony orbit.’ Stable bone grafts seem to undergo less resorption and are less prone to infection.2s3 AND DAVID M. FEINERMAN, DMD, MD-f
Pediatric epilepsy surgery: long-term 5-year seizure remission and medication use.

Background It is unclear whether long-term seizure outcomes in children are similar to those in adult epilepsy surgery patients. Objective To determine 5-year outcomes and antiepilepsy drug (AED) use in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients from a single institution. Methods The cohort consisted of children younger than 18 years of age whose 5-year outcome data would have been available by 2010. Comparisons were made between patients with and without 5-year data (n = 338), patients with 5-year data for seizure outcome (n = 257), and seizure-free patients on and off AEDs (n = 137). Results Five-year data were available from 76% of patients. More seizure-free patients with focal resections for hippocampal sclerosis and tumors lacked 5-year data compared with other cases. Of those with 5-year data, 53% were continuously seizure free, 18% had late seizure recurrence, 3% became seizure free after initial failure, and 25% were never seizure free. Patients were more likely to be continuously seizure free if their surgery was performed during the period 2001 to 2005 (68%) compared with surgery performed from 1996 to 2000 (61%), 1991 to 1995 (36%), and 1986 to 1990 (46%). More patients had 1 or fewer seizures per month in the late seizure recurrence (47%) compared with the not seizure-free group (20%). Four late deaths occurred in the not seizure-free group compared with 1 in the seizure-free group. Of patients who were continuously seizure free, 55% were not taking AEDs, and more cortical dysplasia patients (74%) had stopped taking AEDs compared with hemimegalencephaly patients (18%). Conclusion In children, 5-year outcomes improved over 20 years of clinical experience. Our results are similar to those of adult epilepsy surgery patients despite mostly extratemporal and hemispheric operations for diverse developmental etiologies.
Radionuclide photon dose kernels for internal emitter dosimetry

Photon point dose kernels and absorbed fractions were generated in water for the full photonemission spectrum of each radionuclide of interest in nuclear medicine, by simulating the transport of particles using Monte Carlo. The kernels were then fitted to a mathematical expression. Absorbed fractions for point sources were obtained by integrating the kernels over spheres. Photondose kernels and absorbed fractions were generated for the following radionuclides: I‐123, I‐124, I‐125, I‐131, In‐111, Cu‐64, Cu‐67, Ga‐67, Ga‐68, Re‐186, Re‐188, Sm‐153, Sn‐117m, Tc‐99m. The Monte Carlo simulation was verified by comparing the dose kernels to published monoenergetic photon kernels. Further validation was obtained by generating an I‐125 brachytherapy seed kernel and comparing it with published data. Since Monte Carlo simulation was initialized by sampling from the complete photonspectra of these radionuclides, interpolation between monoenergetic kernels and absorbed fractions was not required. The absorbed‐fraction due to uniform spherical distributions can be directly applied for use in internal dosimetry. In addition, the kernels can be used as input for three‐dimensional internal dosimetry calculations.
The role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in cerebellar abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Recent postmortem and functional imaging studies have revealed that cerebellar abnormalities may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Cerebellum is a part of the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry that is involved in higher cognitive functions. Deficits in cognition, including information, executive functions, attention, emotion, and memory have been described in patients with schizophrenia. Given the pivotal role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways in regulation of neuronal function and especially the role of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) in synaptic plasticity, cell survival, learning and memory, the importance of MAP kinases in schizophrenia is being increasingly recognized. In this minireview is summarized recent evidence from human postmortem studies and the phencyclidine (PCP) pharmacological model of schizophrenia that ERK signaling pathway could contribute to the pathogenic events that occur in the cerebellum in schizophrenia.
Toward optimized high-relaxivity MRI agents: thermodynamic selectivity of hydroxypyridonate/catecholate ligands.

3+ of two ligands of potential interest as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents has been determined by NMR spectroscopy and potentiometric and spectrophotometric titration. The two hexadentate ligands TREN-6-Me-3,2-HOPO (H 3L2) and TREN-bisHOPO- TAM-EA (H 4L3) incorporate 2,3-dihydroxypyridonate and 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamide moieties. They were chosen to span a range of basicity while maintaining a structural motif similar to that of the parent ligand, TREN-1-Me- 3,2-HOPO (H 3L1), in order to investigate the effect of the ligand basicity on its selectivity. The 1:1 stability constants (‚110 )a t 25°C and 0.1 M KCl are as follows. L2 :G d 3+ , 20.3; Ca 2+ , 7.4; Zn 2+ , 11.9; Fe 3+ , 27.9. L3 :G d 3+ , 24.3; Ca2+ , 5.2; Zn 2+ , 14.6; Fe 3+ , 35.1. At physiological pH, the selectivity of the ligand for Gd 3+ over Ca 2+ increases with the basicity of the ligand and decreases for Gd3+ over Fe 3+ . These trends are consistent with the relative acidities of the various metal ions;s more basic ligands favor harder metals with a higher charge-to-radius ratio. The stabilities of the Zn2+ complexes do not correlate with basicity and are thought to be more influenced by geometric factors. The selectivities of these ligands are superior to those of the octadentate poly(aminocarboxylate) ligands that are currently used as MRI contrast agents in diagnostic medicine.
Tunable photoluminescence of closed-shell heterobimetallic Au-Ag dicyanide layered systems.

The excited-state properties of the layered La[Ag(CN)2]3 and La[Au(CN)2]3 systems have been examined and compared with mixed-metal systems of varying metal ratios such as La[Ag0.78Au0.22(CN)2]3, La[Ag0.55Au0.45(CN)2]3, La[Ag0.33Au0.67(CN)2]3, and La[Ag0.19Au0.81(CN)2]3. We have found that these mixed-metal systems luminesce quite strongly at room temperature at an energy that is tunable and depends on the Au:Ag stoichiometric ratio. The emission energy of the mixed-metal samples lies between those of the pure Au and Ag systems. This provides evidence that the excited states responsible for this emission are delocalized over the Ag and Au centers. The strong luminescence of the mixed-metal systems at ambient temperatures is in stark contrast to the weak luminescence behavior of pure La[Au(CN)2]3 and La[Ag(CN)2]3 samples, which makes the mixed-metal systems more viable than the pure systems for practical applications.
A generalized Crame´r-Rao analogue for median-unbiased estimators

Abstract A generalized Cramer-Rao analogue for median-unbiased estimators having continuous joint density functions is given by defining a dispersion measure, joint diffusivity , analogous to the generalized variance in mean-unbiased estimation and extending the usual definition of median-unbiasedness to the multivariate case. The resulting inequality is valid for multivariate distributions with a vector parameter.
Approximating groundwater age distributions using simple streamtube models and multiple tracers

Abstract We use a streamtube based decomposition and a recently developed, simple relationship between tracer concentrations and ages to estimate groundwater age distributions. The decomposition assumes that an age distribution can be approximated using a superposition of linearly independent streamtubes. Transport in each streamtube is modeled with inverse Gaussian functions, the parameters of which are inferred from radiometric tracer concentrations. Three simple sampling methods are considered for weakly and moderately heterogeneous aquifers and the method gives reasonable approximations in both systems. The method is sensitive to errors in the measured concentrations but some of these errors are easily identifiable and a range of plausible age distributions can still be found. The method was then tested in a highly heterogeneous system and reasonable estimates of the age distribution were also obtained. The simplicity of this method and its insensitivity to the heterogeneity structure suggest that this approach may be an effective tool for obtaining estimates of age distributions in natural systems.
Rumination and depressive symptoms: Moderating role of defense style immaturity

Based on an integration of the theoretical conceptualization of rumination and defense style, we hypothesized that the association between rumination and depressive symptoms would be moderated by defense style immaturity. Three hundred and fourteen undergraduate students completed measures of rumination, defense style, and depressive symptoms. As predicted, both rumination and defense style were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Also as hypothesized, a significant interaction emerged in which the association between rumination and depressive symptoms was moderated by defense style. Rumination was associated with depressive symptoms primarily when accompanied by an overuse of immature defenses. The pattern of findings were obtained with both the brooding and reflection components of rumination, suggesting that there is no clear differentiation between the two in terms of their association with depression. The results support the possibility that we can identify a particularly problematic subtype of rumination that is associated with distortion of reality and poor problem solving, which are characteristic of an immature defense style.
Current commercial applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers

SOAs seem to have finally found their niche. We will review the applications in which semiconductor optical amplifiers are presently used, and will go into the characteristics that make the devices distinctively suited for these purposes. We notice that the modern uses of SOAs are not limited to optical networking, but can also be found in fields as diverse as medical diagnostics and sensing.
"Soft"or "hard" ionisation? Investigation of metastable gas temperature effect on direct analysis in real-time analysis of Voriconazole.

The performance of the direct analysis in real-time (DART) technique was evaluated across a range of metastable gas temperatures for a pharmaceutical compound, Voriconazole, in order to investigate the effect of metastable gas temperature on molecular ion intensity and fragmentation. The DART source has been used to analyse a range of analytes and from a range of matrices including drugs in solid tablet form and preparations, active ingredients in ointment, naturally occurring plant alkaloids, flavours and fragrances, from thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates, melting point tubes and biological matrices including hair, urine and blood. The advantages of this technique include rapid analysis time (as little as 5 s), a reduction in sample preparation requirements, elimination of mobile phase requirement and analysis of samples not typically amenable to atmospheric pressure ionisation (API) techniques. This technology has therefore been proposed as an everyday tool for identification of components in crude organic reaction mixtures
Predicting and evaluating the post-assembly shape of thin-walled components via 3D laser digitization and FEA simulation of the assembly process

Three-dimensional (3D) laser digitization has become a critical research field and a widely used technique for product quality inspection in the manufacturing and medical industries during the last decade. One common application of this technology is to analyze whether the final shape of an assembly component fulfills the designer's geometric specifications. This task is currently performed by digitizing the component's surface after mounting it into its final assembly or on a special testing frame. In order to speed up this process a new computational method is proposed for inspecting the final shape of an assembly component by virtually mounting it into the assembly, without the physical assembling process taking place. The developed computational method employs laser digitization to measure the initial shape of the assembly component and then finite element analysis (FEA) to predict its post-assembly shape. First, a laser-digitized dense mesh is smoothed and decimated to make it suitable for FEA. Material properties of the component, if not available, are then determined by a calibration process, and specific displacement boundary conditions are applied to reproduce the assembly process. After FEA is executed, the quality of the simulated post-assembly shape is checked using visualization tools such as light-reflection patterns and contour plots of the distance between the computed geometry and the target computer-aided design (CAD) geometry. Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed method is validated by comparing the simulated post-assembly shape with the actual post-assembly shape measured after physically assembling the component. Experiments show that the average distance between simulated shape and actual shape varies from 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm for objects with a characteristic size of a half meter, and that the isophotes and height fields of reflection (HFR) based indices are reduced up to 50%. The proposed method can thus predict the final shape of an assembled component well without assembling it, reducing the time and the cost of product quality inspection.
Regulation of leukocyte migration by activation of the leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1) selectin

A CENTRAL feature of host defence is the ability of leukocytes to enter tissues in response to immune or inflammatory stimuli. The leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1) regulates the migration of human leukocytes by mediating the binding both of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules of peripheral lymph nodes and of neutrophils to endothelium at inflammatory sites1–10. As lymphocytes and neutrophils express the same LAM-1 protein11,12, it is not clear how lineage-specific differences in leukocyte migration are controlled. We now report that the affinity of LAM-1 for a carbohydrate-based ligand, PPME13–16, is dramatically increased following lymphocyte and neutrophil activation by lineage-specific stimuli. In addition, activation of lymphocytes by physiological stimuli enhanced LAM-1-dependent binding to high endothelial venules. Thus, transient changes in LAM-1 affinity after leukocyte stimulation probably directly influence leukocyte migration.
Solubility of cinchonine and cinchonidine in alcohol‐water mixtures

The solubility of cinchonine and of cinchonidine in mixtures of alcohol and water in different proportions has been determined. The method employed and the results obtained are reported.
New method for the preparation of t-butyldimethylsilyl triflate

Abstract t-Butyldimethylsily triflate is easily prepared from the reaction of triflic acid with isopropenyltrimethylsilane.
Helping the children of fatally ill parents.

Parental death during childhood may have enduring traumatic effects. This paper discusses a sequence of preventive interventions for children during the course of a parent's fatal illness. The approach is intended to prepare them to cope with the eventual loss of the parent and to foster their long-term adaptation.