cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teen Dating Violence: Co-Occurrence With Other Victimizations in the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV)

Objective: To examine the co-occurrence of physical teen dating violence (TDV) with other forms of victimization. Method: The sample includes 1,680 youth aged 12 to 17 from the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV), a nationally representative telephone survey of victimization experiences. Results: Every victim of physical TDV (100%) reported at least one other type of victimization. Physical TDV is very closely associated with several other forms of victimization in this sample, with adjusted odds ratio ranging from 1.48 to 17.13. The lifetime rate of TDV was 6.4% for all youth, but TDV rates reached 17% for youth who had been physically abused by a caregiver, 25% for youth who had been raped, and 50% for youth (16 years) who had experienced statutory rape or sexual misconduct by a partner more than 5 years older. Victims of TDV reported, on average, twice as many other types of victimizations as those with no history of TDV. Conclusions: These data indicate that physical TDV is especially closely associated with some forms of child maltreatment, sexual victimization, and polyvictimization. Universal dating violence prevention programs designed for youth who have not yet, or just recently, started dating will typically include a large number of youth who have already been victimized by other forms of violence. Prevention curricula may be more effective if they address the needs of victimized youth, for example, by teaching skills for coping with prior victimization experiences.
The Relationship of Breastfeeding to Antimicrobial Exposure in the First Year of Life

We assessed the relationship between breastfeeding and antimicrobial use in the first year of life in healthy infants by surveying a military population of healthy term infants with questionnaires obtained at the 6-month and 12-month well-baby visits. Breastfed (BF) babies spent 48% as much time receiving antimicrobials by 6 months of age and 47.4% by 12 months of age as compared to formula-fed peers. Breastfed babies also showed significant differences in use of second-line agents at both 6 months (BF=5.5%, Non-BF=19%) and 12 months (19% BF, nonBF=36.9%). These results suggest that breastfeeding decreases exposure of infants to antimicrobials throughout the first year of life and also decreases use of second-line antibiotics in the first year of life.
Extending Graphplan to handle uncertainty and sensing actions

If an agent does not have complete information about the world-state, it must reason about alternative possible states of the world and consider whether any of its actions can reduce the uncertainty. Agents controlled by a contingent planner seek to generate a robust plan, that accounts for and handles all eventualities, in advance of execution. Thus a contingent plan may include sensing actions which gather information that is later used to select between different plan branches. Unfortunately, previous contingent planners suffered defects such as confused semantics, incompleteness, and inefficiency. In this paper we describe SGP, a descendant of Graphplan that solves contingent planning problems. SGP distinguishes between actions that sense the value of an unknown proposition from those that change its value. SGP does not suffer from the forms of incompleteness displayed by CNLP and Cassandra. Furthermore, SGP is relatively fast.
Nonlinear Electrical Compensation for the Coherent Optical OFDM System

A main drawback of Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system is its sensitivity to fiber nonlinearity. Nonlinear electrical equalizer based on Volterra model has been demonstrated capable of compensating fiber nonlinear distortion in an OOK or PSK optical communication system. However, the implementation complexity of a Volterra model based electrical equalizer prohibits its deployment in a real-life CO-OFDM system. In this paper, we demonstrate that the number of kernels of a Volterra model based equalizer can be significantly reduced using the modified Gram-Schmidt method with reorthogonalization techniques. The resulting “sparse” Volterra model based electrical equalizer and the electrical equalizer based on the “full” Volterra model have comparable performance and can compensate intra-channel nonlinearity of a 16-QAM 100 Gbit/s CO-OFDM System.
vttRA and vttRB Encode ToxR family proteins that mediate bile-induced expression of type three secretion system genes in a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain

Strain AM-19226 is a pathogenic non-O1/non-O139 serogroup Vibrio cholerae strain that does not encode the toxin-coregulated pilus or cholera toxin but instead causes disease using a type three secretion system (T3SS). Two genes within the T3SS pathogenicity island, herein named vttR(A) (locus tag A33_1664) and vttR(B) (locus tag A33_1675), are predicted to encode proteins that show similarity to the transcriptional regulator ToxR, which is found in all strains of V. cholerae. Strains with a deletion of vttR(A) or vttR(B) showed attenuated colonization in vivo, indicating that the T3SS-encoded regulatory proteins play a role in virulence. lacZ transcriptional reporter fusions to intergenic regions upstream of genes encoding the T3SS structural components identified growth in the presence of bile as a condition that modulates gene expression. Under this condition, VttR(A) and VttR(B) were necessary for maximal gene expression. In contrast, growth in bile did not substantially alter the expression of a reporter fusion to the vopF gene, which encodes an effector protein. Increased vttR(B) reporter fusion activity was observed in a DeltavttR(B) strain background, suggesting that VttR(B) may regulate its own expression. The collective results are consistent with the hypothesis that T3SS-encoded regulatory proteins are essential for pathogenesis and control the expression of selected T3SS genes.
A Field Study of How Wind Waves and Currents May Contribute to the Deterioration of Saltmarsh Fringe

Deltaic landscapes, such as the Mississippi River Delta, are sites of extensive conversion of wetlands to open water, where increased fetch may contribute to erosion of marsh edges, increasing wetland loss. A field experiment conducted during a storm passage tested this process through the observations of wave orbital and current velocities in the fringe zone of a deteriorating saltmarsh in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana. Incident waves seaward of the marsh edge and wave orbital and current velocities immediate landward of the marsh edge were measured. Through a dimensional analysis, it shows that the current and orbital velocities in the marsh fringe were controlled by the incident waves, inundation depth, submergence ratio, and vegetation density. Similarly, it is shown that the longshore currents in the inundated saltmarsh fringe depended on the local wave-induced momentum flux, vegetation submergence, and vegetation density in the fringe zone. The cross-shore current showed the presence of a return flow in the lower region of the velocity profile. A high correlation between the current direction and the local flow-wave energy ratio as well as the vegetation submergence and density is found, indicating the important role of surface waves in the fringe flow landward of an inundated wetland under storm conditions. The field observations shed light on the potential ecological consequences of increased wave activities in coastal saltmarsh wetlands owing to subsidence, sea level rise, limited sediment supply, increases in wind fetch, and storm intensity.
Age effect on transcript levels and synthesis rate of muscle MHC and response to resistance exercise

Experimental evidence indicates that a lower synthesis rate of muscle contractile protein myosin heavy chain (MHC) occurs in age-related muscle wasting and weakness. To determine the molecular mechanism of this lower synthesis of MHC, we measured transcript levels of isoforms of MHC (MHCI, MHCIIa, and MHCIIx) in muscle biopsy samples of 7 young (20-27 yr), 12 middle-aged (47-60 yr), and 14 older (>65 yr) people. We further determined the effect of 3 mo of resistance exercise training (exercise) vs. nonintervention (control) on transcript levels of MHC isoforms on these subjects and the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of MHC in 39 people aged 46-79 yr. MHCI mRNA levels did not significantly change with age, but MHCIIa decreased 38% (P < 0.05) from young to middle age and further decreased 50% (P < 0.05) from middle to old age. MHCIIx decreased 84% (P < 0.05) from young to middle age and 48% from middle to old age (P < 0.05). Exercise increased FSR of MHC by 47% (P < 0.01) and mixed muscle protein by 56% (P < 0.05). Exercise training results in an increase (85%) in transcript levels of MHCI and a decrease in the transcript levels of MHCIIa and MHCIIx. In conclusion, an age-related lowering of the transcript levels of MHCIIa and MHCIIx is not reversed by exercise, whereas exercise results in a higher synthesis rate of MHC in association with an increase in MHCI isoform transcript levels.
The Catfish Industry and Spatial Justice in the Mississippi Delta: Steve Yarbrough's The Oxygen Man

This essay traces Edward Soja's “geography of labor” in the Mississippi catfish industry. Our interdisciplinary analysis integrates the socioeconomic realities of the Mississippi delta with Steve Yarbrough's literary rendering of that place in his 1999 novel The Oxygen Man. We argue that Yarbrough's novel closely maps changes in Mississippi delta agribusiness and urges readers to reimagine spatial justice in a landscape infamous for racism and poverty.
FPGA implementation of principal component regression (PCR) for real-time differentiation of dopamine from interferents

This paper reports on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a digital signal processing (DSP) unit for real-time processing of neurochemical data obtained by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at a carbonfiber microelectrode (CFM). The DSP unit comprises a decimation filter and two embedded processors to process the FSCV data obtained by an oversampling recording front-end and differentiate the target analyte from interferents in real time with a chemometrics algorithm using principal component regression (PCR). Interfaced with an integrated, FSCV-sensing front-end, the DSP unit successfully resolves the dopamine response from that of pH change and background-current drift, two common dopamine interferents, in flow injection analysis involving bolus injection of mixed solutions, as well as in biological tests involving electrically evoked, transient dopamine release in the forebrain of an anesthetized rat.
Emergency department visits and hospitalisations for adverse events related to dietary supplements are common

Commentary on: Geller AI, Shehab N, Weidle NJ, et al. Emergency department visits for adverse events related to dietary supplements. N Eng J Med 2015;373:1531–40.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Vitamins, minerals, probiotics, botanical extracts and other ingredients are sold as dietary supplements in the USA.1 Supplements are sold directly to consumers and do not require premarket approval. All supplements are presumed to be safe. However, prior research has found that individual supplements can pose serious health risks.2 ,3 This study was the first attempt to estimate the number of consumers in the USA who require emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalisations due to supplement adverse events. The authors estimated the number of ED visits and hospital admissions for adverse events associated with dietary supplements in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEng%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D373%26rft.spage%253D1531%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMsa1504267%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26465986%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMsa1504267&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=26465986&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F2%2F79.atom
PTSD and Depressive Symptoms in 911 Telecommunicators: The Role of Peritraumatic Distress and World Assumptions in Predicting Risk

Continued exposure to trauma increases risk for both depression and PTSD. This may be particularly true for individuals with work-related exposure to trauma such as 911 telecommunicators, a group with significant exposure to work-related trauma that has received limited empirical attention. The present study examines current symptoms of PTSD and depression in telecommunicators and the extent to which peritraumatic distress and world assumptions interact to predict psychopathology. A sample of 171 911 telecommunicators from across the country completed a survey that assessed current symptoms of depression and PTSD, as well as exposure to different types of work-related events, peritraumatic distress, and world assumptions. Symptoms of PTSD and depression were significantly related to peritraumatic distress, self-worth, and benevolence of the world. Analyses revealed that the relationship between peritraumatic distress and both current depression and PTSD was significantly stronger for individuals who reported more negative assumptions about the benevolence of the world and self-worth. Further, positive assumptions regarding the controllability of the world were associated with PTSD, particularly in individuals who reported high peritraumatic distress. The results suggest that 911 telecommunicators experience significant work-related exposure to trauma, yet retain somewhat positive world assumptions. The important role of world assumptions in explaining the link between peritraumatic distress and posttrauma psychopathology in the form of current PTSD and depression is discussed.
Investigation of Prefrontal Hemodynamics of PTSD Patients While Performing Stroop Task Using fNIRS

Hemodynamic activities in prefrontal cortex under stimulation of Stroop task are explored and compared between healthy controls and veterans diagnosed with Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Preliminary results are reported.
Preformative molt adjustment in phenologically divergent populations of the Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria)

ABSTRACT The extent to which birds invest in a variable molt reflects the interplay between life history phenology and environmental conditions. This study assesses geographic variation in the preformative molt of the Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) by comparing molt patterns between the Pacific and interior populations of North America which differ in life history phenology by 2 months. Both populations exhibited a strong bimodal pattern in primary replacement where individuals either replaced none or ≥3 primaries. Among individuals that replaced >0 remiges, males molted significantly more remiges than females. The earlier breeding Pacific population contained a significantly greater proportion of individuals that replaced >0 remiges and a significantly greater proportion of individuals that replaced >0 primaries. These results provide observational evidence in support of the early breed – extensive molt hypothesis, which states that the preformative molt is adjusted in response to different photoperi...
Fault Diagnosis Technique Based on Support Vector Machines for Cylinder and Piston System in Reciprocating Compressor

A fault diagnosis technique based on support vector machines for cylinder and piston system in reciprocating compressor is put forward.The P-V indicating diagram of compressor is a truthful record of working condition in the cylinder.According to the technique,the pressure signals collected from cylinder are normalized and treated as characteristic vector.And the vectors are inputted into a multi-class classifier composed of many support vector machines to identify fault modes.The experimental diagnosis results show that the technique can identify faults of cylinder and piston system more correctly.Furthermore,comparing with the traditional BP neural networks,the technology is more adaptive,efficient and robust.
Elevated baseline serum glutamate as a pharmacometabolomic biomarker for Acamprosate treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent subjects

Acamprosate has been widely used since the Food and Drug Administration approved the medication for treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in 2004. Although the detailed molecular mechanism of acamprosate remains unclear, it has been largely known that acamprosate inhibits glutamate action in the brain. However, AUD is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. Thus, biomarkers are required to prescribe this medication to patients who will have the highest likelihood of responding positively. To identify pharmacometabolomic biomarkers of acamprosate response, we utilized serum samples from 120 alcohol-dependent subjects, including 71 responders (maintained continuous abstinence) and 49 non-responders (any alcohol use) during 12 weeks of acamprosate treatment. Notably, baseline serum glutamate levels were significantly higher in responders compared with non-responders. Importantly, serum glutamate levels of responders are normalized after acamprosate treatment, whereas there was no significant glutamate change in non-responders. Subsequent functional studies in animal models revealed that, in the absence of alcohol, acamprosate activates glutamine synthetase, which synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. These results suggest that acamprosate reduces serum glutamate levels for those who have elevated baseline serum glutamate levels among responders. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that elevated baseline serum glutamate levels are a potential biomarker associated with positive acamprosate response, which is an important step towards development of a personalized approach to treatment for AUD.
Improving position MSE estimation for biased estimators without true position knowledge

We consider measuring Position Mean Squared Error (PMSE) in a time-of-arrival positioning system with sensors of known locations and a fixed node to be located. To measure PMSE without prior knowledge of the true position of the node, it is common practice to assume that an average of all position estimates yields an acceptable estimate of the true position. In the case of biased estimators however, using this assumption no longer holds. In this paper we introduce a novel technique to estimate PMSE for biased estimators which is more robust than the common PMSE estimation approach, in terms of reduced estimation MSE. Our results are validated for the case of biased estimators in the presence of non-line-of-sight errors with both good and poor geometric configurations.
Can urban areas help sustain the preservation of open space? Evidence from statewide referenda

Abstract Statewide referenda for land conservation are likely to entail a disparity between people who vote on the referenda and those who live in proximity to conserved areas, which may lead to a lower probability of passage than a more local referendum. This paper examines trends in voting preferences on statewide land conservation referenda in Rhode Island using precinct-level voting data. We identify two similar referenda in 2004 and 2012 and estimate a first difference spatial regression model that seeks to understand the determinants of changes in support over time. Controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and political ideology, we find that referenda support is growing in densely populated communities relative to sparse ones, and there is a multiplicative effect of rapidly growing dense areas. This implies urban areas are becoming critical supporters for the preservation of farm, forest and open space lands, despite being non-proximate to lands at risk of development.
About the Course

This course was required in the preservice program for certification to teach in an elementary school. It was housed in an elementary education department. My faculty appointment was in a secondary education department. This latter department serviced the elementary program by providing methods courses in specialized disciplines such as science, mathematics, and social studies.
Should we be Alarmed by Foreign Acquisition in the U.S. Yet

The massive growth of foreign direct investment in the US has caused a lot of concern among local communities, businessmen and legislators. The Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Canada accounted for the major portion of direct investment and manufacturing represented the most important industrial activity. US giant firms are now the targets of foreign acquisition. Unless the US economic conditions change, foreign acquisition would be a challenge to US sovereignty in the 1980's.
Anxiety Symptoms and Coping Motives: Examining a Potential Path to Substance Use-Related Problems in Adolescents With Psychopathic Traits

ABSTRACTBackground: Although the relation between impulsive-irresponsible psychopathic traits and substance use is well-documented, the path to developing substance use problems is less understood in adolescents with these characteristics. Objectives: To examine the associations between psychopathy, anxiety, and substance use motives and a mechanism by which anxiety and alcohol and marijuana coping motives mediate the relation between psychopathic traits and substance use-related problems. Methods: A sample of 185 at-risk adolescent males from a residential military-style program reporting past alcohol or marijuana use (M age = 16.74) participated in the study. Results: Impulsive-Irresponsible psychopathic traits were uniquely and incrementally predictive of alcohol and marijuana use-related problems and anxiety. Anxiety and coping motives appeared to partially explain the association between impulsivity-irresponsibility and substance use-related problems. Conclusions/Importance: Findings suggest that you...
Fault Current Limiter Placement Strategies and Evaluation in Two Example Systems

The growth of demand invariably lead to higher and higher fault currents, and as a consequence protection devices must have higher ratings. The integration of distributed energy resources further complicates protection schemes, especially those that assume a radial distribution scheme and power flowing in only one direction. These conditions generate an increasing demand for fault current limiters to keep fault currents within the ratings of existing protection equipment as well as to minimize the impact of distributed generation on the grid during faults. However, placement of protection equipment must be carefully considered in order to keep them cost effective and to prevent the limiters themselves from disrupting existing protective measures. This paper explores several placement and coordination guidelines, as well as provides simulations of fault current limiters placed in substations with ring bus and double bus configurations, respectively.
Personal Health Budgets for Patients with Complex Needs.

An approach used in England to design higher-value care for people with complex needs is personal health budgets, which allow patients to tailor their own care, purchasing not only home-based support services but also a wide range of less traditional services.
Low temperature deposition of inorganic films by excimer laser assisted chemical vapor deposition

In this study, silicon nitride film is deposited by laser assisted chemical vapor deposition technique based on the direct photolysis of SiH 4 /NH 3 gas mixture using argon fluoride excimer laser of 193 nm wavelength at low substrate temperature around 100°C. By illuminating laser beam in parallel to sample surface, sample damage or heating can be avoided allowing compatibility of temperature sensitive device architectures. A wide range of processing parameters for laser and reactant gases are examined in correlation with deposition mechanisms.
UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION IN ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION FOLLOW-UP

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common comorbidities associated with acute aortic dissection (AAD), and strict blood pressure control is a cornerstone of post-AAD therapy. This study seeks to identify factors associated with uncontrolled HTN in AAD follow-up and investigates
Backwater Effect of Submerged Sills

In designing these sills one would like to know the various damming effects that could be achieved if the components of the sills are arranged in different configurations. The experiments described herein are an attempt to determine the influence of the configuration of the sills on the damming effect. Two configurations were studied, straight line spacing and staggered spacing.
Motivations, enrollment decisions, and socio-demographic characteristics of healthy volunteers in phase 1 research

Background/aim:Phase 1 trials with healthy volunteers are an integral step in drug development. Commentators worry about the possible exploitation of healthy volunteers because they are assumed to ...
Thickening Mechanisms of Polyisobutylene in Polyalphaolefin

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the effect of polyisobutylene polymer on the viscosity of polyalphaolefin base oil. The Newtonian viscosities of the solution calculated from simulations at 40 and 100 °C agree with rheometer measurements. The simulations are used to investigate three possible mechanisms by which the polymer may increase solution viscosity. The results indicate that neither (1) coil expansion nor (2) polymer–polymer association underlie viscosity enhancement in the case studied here. Measurements of solvent reorientation close to the additive molecule suggest that (3) modification of the solvent by the additive molecule contributes to viscosity enhancement.
Design and Simulation of Heterogeneous Control Systems using Ptolemy II

ABSTRACT Complex control systems are heterogeneous from both an implementation and a modeling perspective. Design and simulation environments for such systems need to integrate different component interaction styles, like differential equations, discrete events, state machines, dataflow networks, and real-time scheduling. This paper motivates the use of Ptolemy II software environment for mode ling and simulation of heterogeneous control systems. Ptolemy II advocates a component-based design methodology, and hierarchically integrates multiple models of computation, which can be used to capture different design perspectives. A Furuta pendulum control system is used as a motivating example. After designing a three-mode hybrid controller under idealized assumptions, implementation effects, like real-time scheduling and network protocols, are taken into consideration to achieve a more realistic simulation. The 3D animation package in Ptolemy II helps designers to visualize the control results. In this process of refining the design, components modeled in early phases can be reused.
The Administrator as Activist

I wonder if I should be writing this essay. My activist activity has not often been as a leader: I have often been a follower or a orchestrator of others activities; I sign petitions, I protest, I present political art, I teach about theatre and activism, but I have never run an activist organization, led a protest or been arrested, despite having had some words with the police over the years (and we can guess why that is).
Abstract 15180: Adeno-HSPA12B Delivery Improves Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Hind Limb Ischemia

Objective: Molecular chaperons/heat shock proteins play a critical role in angiogenesis. HSPA12B is a member of the HSP70 subfamily 12 and is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and requir...
Educational Implications of Dyscalculia.

One of a child's finest attainments in his learning experience is the concept of number ideas of quantity, weight, time, operation, numerical classification and problem solving. These principles begin early and develop as the individual grows. According to Gessell and Amatruda (1947) generalizations are made as early as in the first year with manipulations of various objects. Piaget (1953) observed acquisition of number concepts through a series of sequential levels depending upon the individual's readiness. A majority of children will acquire understanding of number and will encounter little diffi-
The Response of Leukemic Lymphocytes to Cortisol: A Suggested Role of Transcortin

Lymphocytes obtained from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) respond to the in vitro presence of cortisol by depressed incorporation of precursors into RNA and protein. The decreased incorporation of uridine into RNA is the sum of (1) an inhibition in the synthesis of RNA and (2) an enhanced destruction of newly synthesized RNA. Whereas cortisol was not dependent upon plasma for the manifestation of the above effects, the presence of plasma was an absolute requirement in order for cortisol to have an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of protein. A comparison of leukemic and normal lymphocytes demonstrated that the magnitude of inhibition of precursors into RNA and protein was greater in leukemic cells. Because it is believed that the plasma factor required is transcortin, determination of transcortin levels by cortisolbinding gel filtration technics were performed. These indicated that transcortin levels of CLL plasma were about 50 per cent lower than that of the normal. Consequently, further experiments involving type-specific plasma substitutions were performed. The results obtained from these experiments indicated that the magnitude of the effect of cortisol on the synthesis of lymphocyte protein was directly related to the transcortin level of the plasma employed.
Continuous monitoring and classification of odontocete echolocation clicks from an ocean observatory

Passive acoustic monitoring is a valuable technique for detecting the presence and inferring the activities of odontocetes, but is often limited by power and data-storage constraints of self-contained recorders. Since July 2015, a broadband (10 Hz–128 kHz) hydrophone has been recording continuously at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS), a cabled observatory in Monterey Bay, California, USA. This acoustic record is notable for its combination of duration, bandwidth, and completeness. An automated detector identified more than 200 million unique clicks in this dataset, and extracted a variety of time-domain, spectral, and cepstral features from each click. Depending on the criteria used, clustering algorithms identified 4-8 click classes consistent with those of local odontocete species, including dolphins and beaked whales. Clicking rates were highly variable, with a median of 0.2 clicks minute-1 and a mean of 165 (± 130 standard error) clicks minute-1. Echolocation activity was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher at night than during daytime, and was seasonally higher in fall and winter. Prior work has shown that mesopelagic sound-scattering layers in Monterey Bay are densest at these times of year, suggesting higher availability of prey. Continuous passive monitoring has great potential to improve our understanding of these species’ foraging ecology, especially when integrated with environmental measurements and active acoustic measurements of their prey fields.Passive acoustic monitoring is a valuable technique for detecting the presence and inferring the activities of odontocetes, but is often limited by power and data-storage constraints of self-contained recorders. Since July 2015, a broadband (10 Hz–128 kHz) hydrophone has been recording continuously at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS), a cabled observatory in Monterey Bay, California, USA. This acoustic record is notable for its combination of duration, bandwidth, and completeness. An automated detector identified more than 200 million unique clicks in this dataset, and extracted a variety of time-domain, spectral, and cepstral features from each click. Depending on the criteria used, clustering algorithms identified 4-8 click classes consistent with those of local odontocete species, including dolphins and beaked whales. Clicking rates were highly variable, with a median of 0.2 clicks minute-1 and a mean of 165 (± 130 standard error) clicks minute-1. Echolocation activity was 1-2 orders of ...
Ocular dermoids in dogs: A retrospective study

Objective To describe clinical features of dogs diagnosed with ocular dermoids at two veterinary teaching hospitals. Animals studied Retrospective case series of 44 dogs (49 dermoids) with ocular dermoids. Procedures Medical records of dogs evaluated by the Cornell University and University of Pennsylvania ophthalmology services were evaluated to identify dogs with a clinical diagnosis of ocular dermoids between 2004 and 2018, and 2011 and 2018, respectively. Signalment, historical, and clinical details were recorded, including dermoid location, concurrent diseases, treatment, histopathologic findings, and outcome. Results A total of 49 ocular dermoids, involving 47 eyes, were diagnosed in 44 dogs. The mean ( standard deviation) age of the study population at the time of diagnosis was 1.19 years (1.85 years). Of the 44 dogs evaluated, 28 (63.6%) were male and 30 (68.2%) were intact at time of diagnosis. Twenty-two different breeds were represented in the study, with mixed breed, French Bulldog, and Shih Tzu being the most common. Twenty-two dermoids were categorized as limbal (44.9%), 14 as eyelid (28.6%), eight as corneal (16.3%), and five as conjunctival (10.2%). Concurrent ocular findings were noted in 29 of the 47 eyes (61.7%), including corneal pigmentation, epiphora, and conjunctival hyperemia. Nine dogs (20.5%) suffered from concurrent systemic disease, with the majority being cardiac in origin. A total of 34 dermoids (69.4%) were surgically excised with no recurrences. Conclusions Ocular dermoids are an uncommon condition in dogs. Concurrent congenital cardiac disease was relatively common in the dogs of this study. Surgical excision of dermoids was curative.
Morphology, yield, grain quality and minerals content (Fe and Zn) in white, brown and black rice lines

This study aims to determine the morphology, grain yield, grain quality, and minerals content (Fe and Zn) of white rice, brown rice and black rice lines produced by the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). The research used 25 rice genotypes consisting of nine white rice lines, ten brown rice lines, four black rice lines and two check varieties (Aek Sibundong and Ciherang). The experiment was conducted in the Pusakanegara Experimental Station, Subang, West Java from January to April 2016. The experiment used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that three white rice lines yielded dry grain significantly higher than Ciherang (7.3 ton/ha) and four brown rice lines had grain yield significantly higher than Aek Sibundong (6.0 ton/ha). Four white rice and one black rice lines had high Fe content in endosperm (>15.0 ppm), while high Zn content (>25.0 ppm) was found in four white rice, two brown rice and one black rice lines. The lines that have high yield were not corelated by high Fe and Zn content, except for one brown rice line B13820E-MR-50-3-2 which had yield of 7.7 tons ha and a high Zn content (26.6 ppm).
Theoretical Studies of Overtone-Induced Chemical Reactions

Overtone-induced chemical reactions are studied theoretically via a combination of classical trajectories and nonlinear resonance analysis. The examples discussed are 1) a model unimolecular isomerization (akin to the HCN → HNC reaction) subsequent to a CH bond excitation, 2) the dissociation of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals after an OH bond excitation and 3) the model dissociation of a bond remote from an initial excitation site, as influenced by an intervening metal atom “blocker”. In all these examples, emphasis is given to the mechanism, time scales and possible “nonstatistical” character of the energy flow to the reaction site.
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Oral clefts are a major public health problem worldwide. The inheritance patterns of cleft lip and/or cleft palate are not classically Mendelian, but are characterized by the interaction of numerous genes, the influence of diverse environmental factors, and genetic heterogeneity within and between families and populations.
DPD simulations of anion exchange membranes functionalized with various cationic groups and associated anions

Abstract Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) continue to provoke interest as electrolytes in low temperature fuel cells. AEMs based on the triblock copolymer and polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene- co -butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) can be functionalized with different cationic groups. The coexisting anion, due to the possibility of different routes of synthesis, can also be varied. The hydrated morphology of SEBS functionalized with various cationic groups provides a suitable platform for understanding the mechanism of anion transport and the route to preparing highly conductive and stable membranes. In this work, mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations were utilized to study the morphology of various SEBS-based ionomers: SEBS-trimethylammonium (SEBS-TMA), SEBS- methylimidazolium SEBS-MIm and SEBS-trimethylphosphonium (SEBS-TMP) as a function of hydration levels. The morphology was transformed to perfect lamellae followed by disordered bicontiunous domains from perforated and interconnected lamellae as the hydration was increased from 4 to 20 H 2 O/head group. Perfect lamellae occur at λ = 8 for SEBS-TMP and at λ = 12 for SEBS-TMA and SEBS-MIm. Moreover, exclusive water domains were observed at high hydration levels for all systems. Large clusters of the water and hydrated OH – are formed when λ ≥ 8 for SEBS-TMP, SEBS-TMA, and SEBS-MIm. The choice of the functional group was found to moderately affect the distribution of water but have little influence on the structure of the backbone. The associated anion seemed to have a greater impact on the size of the exclusive water domains rather than the cationic groups.
Neural Network Based Model to Estimate Dynamic Modulus E* for Mixtures in Costa Rica

Several dynamic modulus (E*) predictive models of asphalt mixtures have been developed as an alternative to laboratory testing. The 1999 I-37A Witczak equation is one of the most commonly used alternatives. This equation is based on mixtures laboratory results in the U.S. In Latin American countries there are significant differences in material properties, traffic information, and environmental conditions compared to the U.S.; therefore, there is a limitation is the use of this equation using local conditions. The National Laboratory of Materials and Structural Models at the University of Costa Rica (LanammeUCR) has previously performed a local calibration of this equation based on results from different types of Costa Rican mixtures. However, there was still room for improvement using advanced regression techniques such as neural networks (NN). The objective of this study was to develop an improved and more effective dynamic modulus regression model for mixtures in Costa Rica using Neural Networks. Results indicated that the new and improved model based on neural networks (E* NN-model) not only met the model adequacy checking criteria but also exhibited the best goodness of fit parameters and the lowest overall bias.
318 Correlation of lymphovascular space invasion and invasive circulating tumor cells in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer

Objectives The detection of circulating (CTCs) and invasive circulating tumor cells (iCTCs) in the peripheral blood of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been proven to be feasible and prognostic. The deleterious impact of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) has been well-established in various gynecologic malignancies (e.g., vulvar, cervical, endometrial) but has not been extensively evaluated in EOC. The goal of this study is to evaluate the correlation between CTCs, iCTCs and LVSI in patients with EOC. Methods Peripheral blood samples from 85 patients with EOC were assessed for the presence of CTCs and iCTCs using our functional cell adhesion matrix (CAM) enrichment method. The histopathology slides from each patient were reviewed by two gynecologic oncology pathologists for histologic type, grade, presence or absence of LVSI, extent of the LVSI (focal or multifocal) and location (organ site). Results High levels of CTCs and iCTCs were significantly associated with advanced stage but not with grade, debulking status, platinum sensitivity, lymphovascular space invasion, age, or overall survival. High levels of CTCs and iCTCs were positively correlated. Lymphovascular space invasion was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (median: 1194 vs. 2034 days, p=0.02) but not with stage, grade, debulking status, platinum sensitivity, median or high levels of CTCs or iCTS, or age. Conclusions Lymphovascular space invasion is an independent risk factor for women with EOC, but was not associated with levels of circulating tumor cells. These findings suggest that these two circulations have distinct mechanisms by which they contribute to spread of ovarian cancer.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Geriatric Populations

The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing has greatly increased in the geriatric population. The pathophysiology of sleep-disordered breathing for this population varies from younger populations due to consequences of aging such as loss of neuromuscular tone, soft tissue hypertrophy, and tissue laxity. The importance of treating obstructive sleep apnea is obvious as it is linked to detrimental cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks with additional effects on quality of life. Treatment of older patients is best met by evaluating their goals of treatment and meeting it with options that are minimally invasive, cost-effective, and with low pain and morbidity. Non-surgical options such as continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliances are beneficial to those who can tolerate them, but for those that cannot, various surgical options including nasal surgery, palatal stiffening procedures, hyoid suspension, radiofrequency ablation, and upper airway stimulation can provide improvement in their disease and meet their expectations for treatment.
Single-Cell Immune Map of Breast Carcinoma Reveals Diverse Phenotypic States Driven by the Tumor Microenvironment

Knowledge of the phenotypic states of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is essential for understanding immunological mechanisms of cancer progression and immunotherapy responses, as well as the development of novel treatments. By combining single-cell RNA-seq data from over 45,000 immune cells collected from eight primary breast carcinomas, as well as matched normal breast tissue, peripheral blood, and lymph node, we created an immune map of breast cancer. We developed a preprocessing pipeline, SEQC, and a Bayesian clustering and normalization method, Biscuit, to address the computational challenges inherent to single-cell RNA-seq data, enabling integration of data across patients. This atlas revealed significant similarity between normal and tumor tissue resident immune cells. However, we observed continuous tumor-specific phenotypic expansions driven by environmental cues. Our results argue against discrete activation states in T cells and the polarization model of macrophage activation in cancer, with important implications for characterizing tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
Physician Beliefs Concerning Structural and Institutional Racism in Health Care

Perceived discrimination in medical settings remains prevalent within the U.S. health care system. However, the details of these experiences and their associations with perceived quality of care are not well understood. This study evaluates any potential difference in African Americans' systemic health care discrimination and Latinx perceived by African American and Latinx patients and physicians. The New England physician alumni from the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine were sent surveys. Two hundred fifty-one practicing physicians' responses to the 2018 study address their beliefs toward African Americans and Latinx' racism within the health care system. High scores indicate more significant perceived discrimination among these groups. Physicians have lower discriminatory belief scores across gender, patient racial distribution and specialty.
Chemoproteomics for Plasmodium Parasite Drug Target Discovery.

Emerging Plasmodium parasite drug resistance is threatening progress towards malaria control and elimination. While recent efforts in cell-based high-throughput drug screening have produced first-in-class drugs with promising activities against different Plasmodium life cycle stages, most of these antimalarial agents have elusive mechanisms of action. Though challenging to address, target identification can provide valuable information to facilitate lead optimization and preclinical drug prioritization. Recently, proteome-wide methods for direct assessment of drug-protein interactions have emerged as powerful tools in a number of systems, including Plasmodium . In this review, we will discuss current chemoproteomic strategies that have been adapted to antimalarial drug target discovery, including affinity- and activity-based protein profiling and the energetics-based techniques thermal proteome profiling and stability of proteins from rates of oxidation. The successful application of chemoproteomics to the Plasmodium blood stage highlights the potential of these methods to link inhibitors to their molecular targets in more elusive Plasmodium life stages and intracellular pathogens in the future.
Redefining Motherhood: Mothering in Mandated Inpatient Substance Use Treatment

More than 80% of women involved in the US criminal justice system are supervised in the community. Community supervision includes strict adherence to court-mandated conditions to avoid incarceration. Although increasing the use of community supervision can decrease incarceration rates, there has been little research on mothers under community supervision. In this study, we used grounded theory methods to uncover how 23 women mandated to inpatient substance use treatment (a form of community supervision) by the criminal courts manage motherhood while on community supervision. Women reported parenting histories for 78 children (M = 3, SD = 2, range = 1–8). We identified redefining motherhood as the central process by which women managed parenting during community supervision. In the redefinition process, women used seven key strategies to navigate personal and systemic challenges and the developmental needs of their children and to craft the most physically and emotionally close maternal roles available to them at any given time. Community supervision can prevent women from full participation in family life, even if the physical restrictions are not as severe as incarceration. We conclude by recommending structural and program-based changes to enhance the strategies women are already using to care for their children and reduce the negative family impacts of community supervision.
A 2.3-3.9 GHz Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer with Charge Pump and TDC Calibration for Reduced Reference and Fractional Spurs

A 2.3-3.9 GHz fractional-N phase locked loop (PLL) with charge pump and a time-to-digital converter (TDC) based calibration for reference and fractional spurs reduction suitable for frequency synthesizers used in 5G mobile communication systems is introduced in this paper. The charge pump PLL includes a digital phase processor composed by a TDC, digital filters and a DTC and it is used for monitoring, tracking, and filtering both reference and fractional spurs simultaneously. Calibrated sub-ranging TDCs and DTC with 1 ps resolution are employed. A non-invasive master-slave calibration methodology is applied to TDCs and DTC with Vernier delay line structure to achieve the required INL and DNL performances. Fabricated in a mainstream 40-nm technology, the PLL is characterized, showing a reference spur level of −108.3 dBc and a fractional spur under −95.0 dBc. The frequency synthesizer's total power consumption when operating at 3.3 GHz is 15.7 mW.