cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A chi-square test for "proneness" in accident data.

Two chi-square tests are derived. They may be used to establish the significance of the correlation of accident occurrences in separate time samples involving the same individuals. In one test the theoretical marginal Poisson distributions are assumed to have identical parameters; in the second, the parameters are different. The tests may be used in conjunction with the correlation coefficient advocated by Maritz (25: 2696) in the analysis of "accident proneness." Significant correlation coefficients are interpretable only if the experimental design includes random assignment and reassignment of operators to machines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en
Partisan and Ideological Sources of Fiscal Deficits in the United States

Past research investigating the relationship between politics of fiscal institutions and fiscal deficits has primarily focused on how different configurations of partisan control over the executive and legislative branches produce distinct policy outcomes. Such models rely on the strength of majoritarian parties in Congress and party affiliation of president, as reflected in the theory of divided party government. In this study, a simple, fluid unidimensional spatial framework based on the degree of ideological fragmentation among the President, Senate, and House is set forth to arrive at a richer understanding of fiscal policy. It is hypothesized that U.S. fiscal deficits will rise as the degree of ideological fragmentation among these institutions increases because it is more difficult to reach compromise and reconcile conflicting preferences over fiscal policy. Using annual data from the post-war period from 1948-1995, strong consistent empirical support for this thesis exists across alternative empirical specifications that reflect different pivotal House and Senate members, institutional alignments, and measures of ideological fragmentation. These findings indicate that the degree of ideological policy divergence among political institutions, independent of divided partisan control of government, plays a notable role in explaining fiscal budget deficits in the United States during the post-war period. T he link between the fiscal policy process and budget deficits is a major topic of inqutiry in the study of political economy. Fiscal policy is not only an important topic because of its effect on the economy (hence, its impact on elections'), but its conduct is directly under the decision-making aegis of elected officials. Past research has demonstrated that fiscal policy outcomes are closely linked to party fragmentation among electoral institutions (Alesina 1995; Alesina and Drazen 1991; Alesina and Tabellini 1990; Alt and Lowry 1994; Lowrey 1985; McCubbins 1991; Poterba 1994; Roubini and Sachs 1989a, 1989b; Tabellini and Alesina 1990; but see Franzese 1999; Hahm, Kamlet, and Mowery 1995, 1996, 1997). Although these works make great strides in our understanding of fiscal institutions and policy making, they implicitly assume that (1) political parties within democratic institutions are strongly unified; and (2) considerable partisan differences exist between elected officials that do not vary across time. Thus, divided party government approaches to understanding fiscal policy making view discrete and static partisan differences among politicians. An alternative, yet complementary perspective on decision making by fiscal institutions is proposed that is based on a more fluid and dynamic concept of ideological fragmentation. A focus on ideological fragmentation associated with institutional politics is worthwhile due to the heterogeneous nature of both intra-party and inter-party divisions (Coleman 1996; Frymer 1994), as well as distinguishing between partisanship and ideological behavior (Hinich and Munger 1994). In the area of fiscal politics, this
Classroom Instructional Ecology and School-Wide Positive Behavior Support

Abstract Addressing increasing levels of disruptive behavior and improving discipline is a national matter. The challenge is intensified by teachers' concerns about the growing inclusion of students with emotional and behavioral problems in general education classrooms and the general levels of diversity common in America's schools. Removing children with persistent problems from the classroom has commonly been viewed as the solution to maintaining order and security in schools. Recently, proactive, school-wide approaches have come to the fore in discussions of alternative best practices in meeting the discipline challenge and improvements in child behavior indicators have been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to document and compare effects of a school-wide positive behavior support program on the instructional ecology in elementary school classrooms. Treatment fidelity data provided support for the integrity of teachers' use of the program. Total on-task behavior was significantly higher ...
Short-term prospective effects of impulsivity on binge drinking: mediation by positive and negative drinking consequences.

Abstract. Objective: Although the association of impulsivity with diverse alcohol outcomes has been documented, the mechanisms by which impulsivity predicts drinking over time remain to be fully characterized. The authors examined whether positive drinking consequences, but not negative drinking consequences, mediated the association between impulsivity and subsequent binge drinking, over and above prior binge drinking. Participants: Participants were 171 college students. Methods: Participants completed 2 online surveys with an average interval of 68 days between assessments at Time 1 (September to October 2012) and Time 2 (November to December 2012). Results: Path analysis showed that, among 5 facets of impulsivity, the effect of sensation seeking on subsequent binge drinking was completely mediated by prior positive consequences. No mediating effects of negative consequences were found. Conclusions: Prior experience of positive drinking consequences may serve as one of the risk pathways by which sensat...
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Italy: Half a Century of Progress, An Ongoing Search for Improvement

Pediatric hematology and oncology has been a well-organized specialty throughout Italy only since 1974. However, it seemed interesting and fitting to review some of the milestones lying at the base of the development of this field of medicine: the first Italian Children's Hospital created in Florence in the fifteenth century; the first textbook of pediatrics, De Morbis Puerorum, by G. Mercuriale of Bologna; the first hematologic breakthroughs in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries; and the paramount achievements in pediatric hematology and oncology over the last 50 years.
THE HISTOLOGICAL SIGNS OF RESISTANCE TO A TRANSMISSIBLE SARCOMA OF THE FOWL

1. The living tissue of the chicken sarcoma, when implanted in susceptible hosts, survives, proliferates, and thus gives rise apparently to the whole of the new tumor. The histological findings about the graft do not suggest any other origin for the growth. 2. In fowls with a natural or acquired resistance, a very striking series of phenomena takes place about the graft or the established growth. They are referable to the presence of the living neoplastic cells and are essentially similar to those already described in mammals. 3. The lymphocyte has an association with the processes of resistance in the fowl, similar to, but more marked than that observed in mammals. 4. Resistance of the host does not constitute for the chicken tumor a differential means whereby the extrinsic agent present in the growth can be observed to engender it. In general, it may be stated that, when the new host is so unfavorable to the transplanted sarcoma cells as to cause their death, no tumor develops. 5. The activity of the extrinsic agent is negligible as affecting the interpretation of the phenomena about grafts of the avian sarcoma in resistant and susceptible hosts. They are referable to the presence of the transplanted cells. 6. The appearance or non-appearance of a specific, supporting, and vascularizing reaction in the host tissues cannot be looked upon as determining the fate of grafts of the chicken sarcoma. The same seems to be true of mammalian neoplasms.
Osteogenic sarcomas mimicking left atrial myxomas: Clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic features.

Two patients presenting with acute pulmonary edema were found to have a left atrial cardiac osteogenic sarcoma (primary and secondary). The two-dimensional echocardiographic appearance in both cases mimicked that of atrial myxoma. However, two echocardiographic features (that is, tumor extension into pulmonary veins and origin from nonseptal atrial walls) suggested the presence of a nonmyxomatous cardiac tumor.
Stability of solutions of one class of nonlinear dynamic equations

We study the stability of the zero solution of a nonlinear dynamic equation on a time scale under certain assumptions on the right-hand side of this equation. In addition to conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the Cauchy problem, we also assume that the exponential function of the linear approximation is bounded, and the norms of the nonlinear part and its derivatives with respect to the components of the space variable are majorized by power functions of the norm of the space variable. Using the generalized method of Lyapunov functions, we obtain sufficient conditions for the stability of the zero solution of the nonlinear equation under consideration.
Flame acceleration associated with the Darrieus-Landau instability

Flame acceleration associated with the Darrieus-Landau hydrodynamic instability is investigated computationally using an analytical model of premixed-flame structure valid in the limit of large-chemical-activation energies and weak flame stretch. A level-set formulation is used to track the evolution of the premixed flame and the Euler equations are used to describe the flow field. Coupling between the flame and flow-field dynamics resulting from order-unity gas expansion within the flame is found to result in growth of the average radius of outwardly propagating flames in proportion with the 3/2 power of time, consistent with experiment. Influences of the flame thickness, relative to the length scale of the hydrodynamic flow, and of the density ratio across the flame on the critical Reynolds numbers associated with the onset of wrinkled-flame propagation and self-similar acceleration are described also.
Geographical dimensions and correlates of trust.

A sample of 323 residents of New Jersey stratified by neighborhood quality (excellent, good, fair, poor) was gathered to determine if trust in science and technology to protect public health and environment at the societal scale was associated with trust of the local officials, such as the mayor, health officer, developers, mass media, and legislators who are guardians of the local environment. Societal (trust of science and technology) and neighborhood (mayor, health officer) dimensions of trust were found. These societal and neighborhood trust dimensions were weakly correlated. Respondents were divided into four trust-of-authority groups: high societal–high neighborhood, low societal–low neighborhood, high societal–low neighborhood, and low societal–high neighborhood. High societal–high neighborhood trust respondents were older, had lived in the neighborhoods for many years, were not troubled much by neighborhood or societal environmental threats, and had a strong sense of control over their environment. In strong contrast, low societal–low neighborhood trust respondents were relatively young, typically had lived in their present neighborhood for a short time, were troubled by numerous neighborhood and societal environmental threats, did not practice many personal public health practices, and felt little control over their environment.
Trajectories of axons in ectopic VIIIth nerves

Abstract Transplantation of the acousticolateral placode to the evacuated eye position in embryos of the frog Rana pipiens has been used to force axons of the VIIIth cranial nerve to penetrate the diencephalon. These ectopic axons establish a grwoth trajectory that is strikingly similar to their growth trajectory within the medulla oblongata despite the fact that no other axons within the diencephalon normally follow this route. The result is discussed in terms of the “blueprint” and substrates pathway hypotheses which have been advanced to explain the initial development of axon tracts within the central nervous system.
Cruzando la frontera con Rousseau: Emilio y el Viaje por los Estados Unidos, 1783-1784, de Francisco de Miranda

Drawing on Charles W.J. Withers’s analysis of the transnational geographies of Enlightenment culture, this essay reconsiders the early Atlantic border crossings of Francisco de Miranda, forerunner of Latin American independence, in relation to Emile, Jean Jacques Rousseau’s revolutionary work on education. During his time as an officer in Cadiz, Spain, Miranda participated in the circulation and reading of Rousseau, extending a network of readers who challenged the Inquisition’s criminalization of forbidden books in what might be called a shadow public sphere. Miranda’s travel diary of his journey through the United States, Diario del Viaje por los Estados Unidos de America del Norte (The Diary of Francisco de Miranda: Tour of the United States, 1783-1784) shows how he transculturated Rousseau’s theories on empiricism, travel and education, and political maturation to develop a secular creole epistemology that ushered and affirmed his vision of independence, and his entry into the larger Enlightenment republic of letters as a self-identified American. Miranda thus enacted a model of traveling knowledge-making that paralleled and diverged from the work of Jesuits such as Francisco Clavijero and others who, as Jorge Canizares-Esguerra shows, developed patriotic epistemologies within religious frameworks.
A Level-Crossing Analog-to-Digital Converter With Triangular Dither

In this paper, a level-crossing analog-to-digital converter is described. It can convert audio bandwidth signals with high resolution using few threshold levels and digital interpolation. Samples are generated at nonuniform time intervals and then interpolated to produce uniformly spaced output samples. A periodic triangular dither signal added to the input ensures that low-amplitude or slowly varying signals are sampled and converted accurately. The dither is estimated and removed digitally before interpolation. Simulations show that greater than 10-bit resolution can be achieved with only seven comparators when using a sixth-order polynomial interpolator.
Activation of Equine Nuclear Transfer Oocytes: Methods and Timing of Treatment in Relation to Nuclear Remodeling

Early development of embryos produced by transfer of equine nuclei to bovine cytoplasts is superior to that of intraspecies equine nuclear transfer embryos. This may be related to differences in chromatin remodeling or efficiency of activation between the two oocyte types. The pattern of donor nucleus remodeling was examined in equine-equine and equine-bovine reconstructed oocytes. Chromosome condensation occurred in equine cytoplasts by 2 h but was not seen in bovine cytoplasts until 4 h. We investigated the effect of activation of equine-equine reconstructed oocytes at <30 min or at 2 h after reconstruction. Four activation treatments were evaluated at each time point: injection of sperm extract alone, or in combination with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP), cytochalasin B, or 1% dimethylsulphoxide. There was no significant difference in normal cleavage rate or average nucleus number of embryos between equine oocytes activated <30 min or at 2 h after reconstruction. The combination of 6-DMAP with sperm extract significantly (P < 0.01) improved cleavage rate compared with the other three treatments. Activation with sperm extract and 6-DMAP 2 h after donor nucleus injection gave the highest cleavage (79%) and the highest cleavage with normal nuclei (40%). Sperm extract and 6-DMAP also effectively activated oocytes parthenogenetically, yielding 83% cleavage and 73% cleavage with normal nuclei. These results indicate that although nuclear remodeling occurs rapidly in equine cytoplasts, early activation does not improve embryonic development after reconstruction.
Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender, and Economic Inequality, edited by Irene Browne

(2000). Latinas and African American Women at Work: Race, Gender, and Economic Inequality, edited by Irene Browne. Feminist Economics: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 132-135.
Entering the Era of Targeted Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Impact on the Practicing Clinician

Purpose Chemoimmunotherapy has been the standard of care for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the introduction of B-cell receptor (BCR) kinase inhibitors such as ibrutinib has the potential to eliminate the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of CLL. How to best incorporate old and new therapies for CLL in this landscape is increasingly complex. Methods This article reviews current data available to clinicians and integrates these data to provide a strategy that can be used to approach the treatment of CLL in the era of BCR signaling inhibitors. Results Current strategies separate patients based on age or functional status as well as genetics [presence or absence of del(17)(p13.1)]. In the era of targeted therapy, this will likely continue based on current available data. Phase III studies support chemoimmunotherapy as the initial standard therapy for patients without del(17)(p13.1). Choice of chemotherapy (fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, or chlorambucil) and anti-CD20 antib...
Impact of Changing Difficulty on Inferences From the National Assessment of Educational Progress

The U.S. Department of Education measures student achievement through the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). NAEP estimates of population proficiency quantiles are based on a Bayesian multiple-imputation procedure. This article shows (a) that the resulting estimates depend directly on the mix of item difficulties on the test, and (b) the difficulty of items on the NAEP mathematics exam has increased over time. Does the increasing difficulty of the exam lead to observable changes in student performance over time? This study compared the simulated performance of 1990 examinees on the easier 1990 exam and the more difficult 1996 exam. No significant differences were found. While our results instill confidence that these changes have not impacted the NAEP trend line, our findings are both data-specific and limited in scope, and NAEP should carefully evaluate future adjustments to the test in this manner.
Direct analysis of steviol glycosides from Stevia leaves by ambient ionization mass spectrometry performed on whole leaves

Leaf spray mass spectrometry is explored as a fast and simple way for direct analysis of sweet glycosides in fresh untreated Stevia leaves without sample pretreatment. In this technique, a fresh triangular piece of Stevia leaf serves as both sample and substrate. Application of a butanol : methanol : water mixture and a high voltage to intact leaf material produces a high electric field at the tip of the leaf. This results in field emission of charged droplets containing the glycosides. The resulting dry ions are detected by mass spectrometry and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry and exact mass measurements. A comparison between leaf spray and other ambient ionization methods which are successful for screening glycosides in Stevia leaves – desorption electrospray ionization, low temperature plasma and paper spray – shows that leaf spray produces the highest quality spectra. It is also extremely easy to implement with no need for nebulizing gas or sample preparation and is suited to semi-quantitative determinations. The potential for the application of leaf spray mass spectrometry to direct and rapid screening of plant materials is here realized in the case of Stevia sweet glycosides.
Anesthetic management of a 9‐year‐old child undergoing resection of a tracheal tumor

Summary Primary tracheal tumors in children are rare. We report the anesthetic management of a 9-year-old child undergoing resection of a midtracheal tumor obstructing approximately 73% of the tracheal lumen. To prepare for any possible airway emergency during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, we ascertained preoperatively that a mini-tracheotomy tube could be inserted at the distal portion of the tracheal lesion. Oxygenation and ventilation were adequately maintained throughout the period of anesthesia. Anesthetic management for tracheal tumor resection should reflect the location of the tumor and the degree of tracheal obstruction.
Improved lung growth and function through hypoxia-inducible factor in primate chronic lung disease of prematurity

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease affecting preterm neonates, is associated with significant childhood and adult health problems. Histopathologic features of BPD include impaired vascular and distal airway development. We previously showed that activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) by inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHDs) is feasible and that it stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent angiogenesis in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that enhancement of angiogenesis by activation of HIFs improves lung growth and function in prematurely born neonates in vivo. Preterm baboons (125 day+14 day pro re nata O2 model, corresponding to 27 human gestational weeks) were treated for 14 days with intravenous (i.v.) FG-4095, a PHD inhibitor. Notably, 77% of diminished total alveolar surface area in untreated controls was recovered by FG-4095 treatment. Functional significance of the structural changes was indicated by improved oxygenation and lung compliance in FG-4095-treated newborns. Surfactant proteins B and C and saturated phosphatidylcholine were unchanged. Incidence of spontaneous ductus arteriosus closure was increased, likely contributing to lower ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow in FG-4095 group. These findings indicate that HIF stimulation by PHD inhibition ameliorates pathological and physiological consequences of BPD.
The benefits of industry - University interaction

Through participation in various activities, industry can influence the curriculum of Biomedical Engineering, provide feedback on how well students are prepared for careers in industry, and find well-prepared candidates for positions within the company. Universities can learn what current technologies are being used in industry and thus adapt their curriculum to meet the needs of industry. They can also acquire industry input to design and research projects and the monetary donations to fund the projects. Students can determine what area of industry they are most interested in, gain some experience in working in that area, find they do not like a particular area and explore other areas, and better prepare themselves for their careers. If additional biomedical companies and institutions of higher learning undertook this type of program, biomedical engineering would significantly improve and so would healthcare.
Does the presence of additional thyroid nodules on ultrasound alter the risk of malignancy in patients with a follicular neoplasm of the thyroid

Background Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid are associated with an approximately 20% risk of malignancy. We sought to determine whether the presence of additional thyroid nodules on preoperative ultrasound decreased the risk of malignancy in a patient with a follicular neoplasm. Methods Between January 2000 and November 2006, 325 patients underwent thyroidectomy with a fine needle aspiration diagnosis of either follicular neoplasm, Hurthle cell neoplasm, or indeterminate (not including suspicious for papillary thyroid cancer). Records were reviewed retrospectively and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (SPSS Corporation, Chicago, Ill). Results The rate of malignancy in our patient population was 20% (23% in follicular neoplasm, 19% in Hurthle cell neoplasm, 9% in indeterminate). Overall, 57% of patients had multiple thyroid nodules on preoperative ultrasound. The risk of malignancy was lower in patients with greater than or equal to 1 additional nodule in comparison with those with a solitary nodule (16.6% vs 28.0%, P = .02). The risk of malignancy was lowest in those with 1-3 additional nodules in comparison with those with greater than or equal to 4 nodules (14.5% vs 21.7%, P = .04). Conclusions The presence of additional thyroid nodules on preoperative ultrasound is associated with a lower risk of malignancy in a patient with a follicular neoplasm.
The laws of electrical stimulation of cardiac tissue

Classic description of the criteria for cardiac stimulation is by the strength-duration curve which may be presented for current, energy, or charge. Minima for each of these occur at different waveform durations. The fundamental mechanism by which the stimulus is effective is altering the polarization potential of the cell membranes in the heart. Partial depolarization of these cells initiates a cascade leading to complete depolarization which in turn triggers cardiac cell contraction. Active propagation of the depolarization from cell to cell is the mechanism for activation of the entire heart when stimulation is used for pacemaking. For depolarization with much stronger shocks, this depolarization mechanism in some cells is combined with hyperpolarization in other cells. The hyperpolarization causes anodal block of propagation. Two methods are used to study cardiac stimulation, the threshold concept and the probability concept, and each method has advantages and limitations. Many variables affect the capability of an electrical shock to stimulate the heart to a desired response. These include the current waveform the characteristics of the electrodes used to inject the current into the tissue, the disorder being treated, the mass of cells required to be effected, metabolic variables (such as temperature or pH of the the tissue), drugs, and the geometric arrangements of electrodes and body organs. Of particular engineering interest are different effectiveness of different electrical waveforms, and the electrode characteristics of half-cell potentials, polarization potentials and materials. Equivalent circuits are presented for the complex and nonlinear, interactive behavior of the electrical shock, electrodes, and tissues.
Perceptual Reasoning: A New Computing with Words Engine

Zadeh proposed the paradigm of computing with words (CWW). We have proposed a CWW architecture for making subjective judgments, called a Perceptual Computer (Per- C). Because words mean different things to different people, the Per-C uses interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs). The encoder of the Per-C transforms words, in an application-dependent word- codebook, into IT2 FSs. The central element of the Per-C is the CWW engine, which maps IT2 FSs to IT2 FSs. Several CWW engines have appeared in the literature, e.g., fuzzy IF- THEN rules to perform inference and/or reasoning based on Mamdani or TSK models, linguistic weighted averages (LWAs) to aggregate linguistic data, and linguistic summarization to perform human friendly data mining. In this paper a new CWW engine-Perceptual Reasoning (PR)-is proposed. It also uses fuzzy IF-THEN rules; however, unlike a traditional Mamdani or TSK model, in which fired rules are combined using the union, or addition, or during the defuzzification process, in PR a LWA is used to combine the fired rules. We prove that the output IT2 FSs of PR can only look like the IT2 FSs in the application codebook. This is very important for CWW, because the last component of the Per-C is a decoder which converts the CWW output IT2 FS back into a word, e.g. a word whose IT2 FS is most similar to it.
ON SAMPLE-SIZE AND POWER CALCULATIONS FOR STUDIES USING CONFIDENCE INTERVALS

A recent trend in epidemiologic analysis has been away from significance tests and toward confidence intervals. In accord with this trend, several authors have proposed the use of expected confidence intervals in the design of epidemiologic studies. This paper discusses how expected confidence intervals, if not properly centered, can be misleading indicators of the discriminatory power of a study. To rectify such problems, the study must be designed so that the confidence interval has a high probability of not containing at least one plausible but incorrect parameter value. To achieve this end, conventional formulas for power and sample size may be used. Expected intervals, if properly centered, can be used to design uniformly powerful studies but will yield sample-size requirements far in excess of previously proposed methods.
Design Science Research: Looking to the Future

The previous chapters have taken you through the fundamentals of design science research, the problems, solutions space, design process, frameworks, outputs and artifacts, theories and dissemination of the research results. The design science research paradigm is highly relevant to information systems (IS) research because it directly addresses two of the key issues of the discipline: the central, albeit controversial, role of the IT artifact in IS research (Weber 1987; Orlikowski and Iacono 2001; Benbasat and Zmud 2003) and the lack of professional relevance of IS research (Benbasat and Zmud 1999; Hirschheim and Klein 2003). Design science, as conceptualized by Simon (1996), supports a pragmatic research paradigm that calls for the creation of innovative artifacts to solve real-world problems. Thus, design science research combines a focus on the IT artifact with a high priority on relevance in the application domain.
Relative mortality in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries with Parkinson disease and hip and pelvic fractures

Background: Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects gait and postural stability, resulting in an increased risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to estimate mortality associated with demographic factors after hip or pelvic (hip/pelvic) fracture in people with Parkinson disease. A secondary goal was to compare the mortality associated with Parkinson disease to that associated with other common medical conditions in patients with hip/pelvic fracture. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 1,980,401 elderly Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with hip/pelvic fracture from 2000 to 2005 who were identified with use of the Beneficiary Annual Summary File. The race/ethnicity distribution of the sample was white (93.2%), black (3.8%), Hispanic (1.2%), and Asian (0.6%). Individuals with Parkinson disease (131,215) were identified with use of outpatient and carrier claims. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of death associated with demographic and clinical variables and to compare mortality after hip/pelvic fracture between patients with Parkinson disease and those with other medical conditions associated with high mortality after hip/pelvic fracture, after adjustment for race/ethnicity, sex, age, and modified Charlson comorbidity score. Results: Among those with Parkinson disease, women had lower mortality after hip/pelvic fracture than men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.62 to 0.64), after adjustment for covariates. Compared with whites, blacks had a higher (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.16) and Hispanics had a lower (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.95) mortality, after adjustment for covariates. Overall, the adjusted mortality rate after hip/pelvic fracture in individuals with Parkinson disease (HR = 2.41, 95% CI = 2.37 to 2.46) was substantially elevated compared with those without the disease, a finding similar to the increased mortality associated with a diagnosis of dementia (HR = 2.73, 95% CI = 2.68 to 2.79), kidney disease (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.60 to 2.72), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR = 2.48, 95% CI = 2.43 to 2.53). Conclusions: Mortality after hip/pelvic fracture in Parkinson disease varies according to demographic factors. Mortality after hip/pelvic fracture is substantially increased among those with Parkinson disease. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Where Catholic Identity Is Visible: Differences in College Students’ Mission Perception at Catholic and Independent Colleges

The distinctive impact of a Catholic college on students springs from its identity. Students sense Catholic identity in a vibrant campus environment shaped by the Catholic college mission. Although many constructs found in mission statements are common to a host of colleges, their practical application in the campus environment affects student perceptions of their institution in different ways. The purpose of this research was to investigate differences in student perception of engagement in institutional mission and identity at Catholic and independent colleges in order to identify the constructs of mission most relevant to students in each group. This research was conducted using original data that the author/principal investigator has generated in an ongoing study to explore college student perceptions of mission. Student data were obtained between 2009 to 2012 from Catholic (59) and independent (24) colleges that administered the National Survey of Student Engagement, with extra Mission Perception Inventory (MPI) questions attached.2 Results show that senior students at Catholic colleges score signifi cantly higher than those at independent colleges on scales representing Sense of Mission, Respect for Diversity, and overall Mission Perception. Catholic colleges demonstrate particular strength in representing several distinctive features of Catholic identity, such as knowledge of a founding religious community, freedom to express individual spirituality, and discussion of ethical issues. Conversely, there are some matters that the results indicate are in need of attention, including developing leadership skills, increasing respect for different cultures, accepting people of different sexual orientations, and promoting awareness of social justice issues. It is concluded that outcomes observed in this research provide promising evidence that Catholic colleges and universities are cultivating students who appreciate the Catholic identity of their colleges and universities and further, who grow in their affiliation with the mission and Catholic identity of their institutions from the first to final year of their college career.
Silver nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotube carpets: influence of surface functionalization.

The effectiveness of nanoparticle-based functional devices depends strongly on the surface morphology and area of the support. An emerging powerful approach of increasing the available surface area without decreasing strength or increasing bulk is to attach arrays of suitable nanotubes on the surface, and to attach the necessary nanoparticles to them. Earlier publications by this team have shown that carpet-like arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be successfully grown on a variety of larger carbon substrates such as graphite, foams and fabric, which offer hierarchical multiscale supporting architecture suitable for the attachment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A limiting factor of pure CNT arrays in fluid-based applications is their hydrophobicity, which can reduce the percolation of an aqueous medium through individual nanotubes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the treatment of CNT carpets with dry (oxygen) plasma can induce reversible wettability, and treatment with wet (sol–gel) coating can impart permanent wettability. In this paper, we report the influence of such treatments on the attachment of AgNPs, and their effectiveness in water disinfection treatments. Both types of hydrophilic surface treatment show an increase in silver loading on the CNT carpets. Oxygen-plasma treated surfaces (O-CNT) show fine and densely packed AgNPs, whereas silica-coated nanotubes (silica-CNT) show uneven clusters of AgNPs. However, O-CNT surfaces lose their hydrophilicity during AgNP deposition, whereas silica-CNT surfaces remain hydrophilic. This difference significantly impacts the antibacterial effectiveness of these materials, as tested in simulated water containing Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, JM109). AgNPs on silica-coated CNT substrates showed significantly higher reduction rates of E. coli compared to AgNPs on plasma-treated CNT substrates, despite the finer and better dispersed AgNP distribution in the latter. These results provide important insights into different aspects of surface modification approaches that can control the wettability of CNT carpets, and their applicability in water treatment applications.
The mobility of ions trapped on vortex lines in pure 4 He and 3 He- 4 He solutions

We present measurements of the mobility of positive and negative ions trapped on vortex lines in pure4He and dilute3He-4He solutions over the temperature range 1.6>T>0.3 K. In pure4He below about 0.7 K, we observe several new effects not seen at higher temperatures and not easily explained with existing theories. Most notable are an enhanced broadening of the ion pulse and a rapid increase in the mobility with decreasing temperature. Measurements of the electric field dependence of the drift velocity in pure4He at low temperatures show a limiting velocity for sufficiently large fields. This behavior can be explained using a simple resonance theory. The inverse mobility data for solutions show sharp increases at certain critical temperatures, which are interpreted as being associated with the condensation of3He atoms onto the vortex cores. The dependence of the critical temperature on the bulk3He concentration is found to be in good agreement with a simple condensation theory. An extension of arguments used in this theory to lower temperatures leads to the picture of a3He-rich core growing with decreasing temperature, consistent with our lower temperature experimental data.
Abstract A20: Random periareolar fine‐needle aspiration is highly reproducible in a CALGB multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study

Background: Biomarkers that vary with risk and response to prevention interventions are referred to as “surrogate endpoint biomarkers”. As outlined by Fabian et al., surrogate endpoint biomarkers should be 1) biologically and statistically significantly associated with cancer development, 2) present in a reasonable proportion of at‐risk individuals, 3) obtainable by minimally invasive procedures, and 4) reversible with prevention interventions that have been validated to decrease cancer incidence. Many modalities have been suggested as potential surrogate endpoint biomarkers for breast cancer, including mammographic density, serum biomarkers, and breast tissue biomarkers. Currently, there is no consensus as to the optimal surrogate endpoint biomarker. Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration (RPFNA) is a research technique developed to assess short‐term breast cancer risk in women at increased risk for breast cancer. While there is increasing acceptance of RPFNA, neither the reproducibility nor the inter‐institutional compatibility of RPFNA has been established. To address these key limitations, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Prevention Group tested the reproducibility of RPFNA in a multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study. Methods: Sixty‐three high‐risk women from five CALGB institutions (Duke, Ohio State, Roswell Park, Dana‐Farber, and Vermont) underwent RPFNA from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008. Duplicate bilateral RPFNA was performed on each woman by a single investigator on a single day. Masood Cytology Index score was assessed by a single blinded cytopathologist. Results: There was a high degree of statistical agreement in the Masood Cytology Index scores of duplicate RPFNA samples from the same breast, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.8312 (p Conclusions: This multi‐institutional study demonstrates that RPFNA is a highly reproducible measure of breast cytology in a cooperative group cross‐sectional trial. RPFNA did not demonstrate a high degree of agreement between breasts, suggesting that breast cancer risk and progression may occur at different rates in individual breasts from a single woman. These data provide important validation of the reproducibility of RPFNA in a multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study that included cohorts that varied in demographic composition. Important future directions will include a larger RPFNA cohort study and testing for the reproducibility of RPFNA samples with atypia before and after administration of chemoprevention agents. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A20.
Prospective Sampling of Patient Bath Basins in an Acute Care Setting: Qualitative Evaluation of Bacterial Colonization

settings, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines have been developed but bridging the gap between best evidence and best practice has been a struggle. Simple cost effective evidence based measures can be implemented to maintain a zero infection rated as demonstrated by this regional ICU. Although patients’ intrinsic risk factors for developing infections are difficult to modify, the risk of transmission of microorganisms can and should be reduced to a minimum. Practice can no longer be based on tradition and needs to be based in evidence. Clinicians have a responsibility to continually review exisiting practice and be open to considering new ways of providing care. They should continually question their practice and accept that what they do may not always be the most appropriate action. The healthcare organisation has a responsibility to ensure that there is a sustainable culture that is based on learning and education. Health care is rapidly changing and information is quickly becoming outdated and therefore no longer provides an adequate base for practice. A culture that supports patient safety should be nurtured and encouraged throughout all disciplines within the health care facility.
A Comparative Study of Clinic Manifestation and MR Perfusion and DSA in Patients with TIA

Objective To study the clinical values of MR perfusion-weighed imaging (PWI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), and also discuss their correlations with clinical manifestations. Materials and Methods 30 patients with TIA were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with limb weakness or numbness, another group without limb weakness or numbness. PWI and DSA were performed on 30 patients with TIA. The relationships of clinic manifestation and the results of PWI and DSA were analyzed. Results Persisting abnormal perfusion areas were found in all cases of group 1 on PWI. Abnormal perfusion areas were found in 7 cases of group 2. There was statistically significant difference between clinical symptoms and abnormal perfusion(P0.01). Internal carotid artery stenosis was found in 3 cases and occlusion in 12 cases of group 1 on DSA. Internal carotid artery stenosis was found in 9 cases and occlusion in 6 cases of group 1 on DSA. There was no statistically significant difference between clinical symptoms and degree of internal carotid artery stenosis (P0.01).Conclusion PWI and DSA could provide valuable diagnostic information for patients with TIA.
Chromosome Changes and in vitro Transformation of Hamster Embryonic Lung Cells Induced by Dimethylnitrosamine in Combination with an Activation System

this is the first to report that DMN induces cell transformation in vitro in the presence of an activation system. Evidence presented is suggestive of that DMN is activated by the liver microsomal fraction, and then reacts with target DNA causing chromosome changes and finally cell transformation in vitro.
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia masquerading as ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis, ascites, and elevated CA-125.

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is a rare hematology malignancy which often presents with "B symptoms," anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A 46-year-old woman presented with 2 months of abdominal distension accompanied by an unintentional 20-lb weight loss. Her abdominal CT scan demonstrated diffuse carcinomatosis with bilateral ovarian lesions and screening labs revealed a markedly elevated CA-125, suggesting a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Upon admission for workup, patient was found to have a significant protein gap, later attributed to a markedly elevated IgM. Omental and bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, with elevation in CA-125 thought to be secondary to peritoneal irritation. This patient has since been successfully treated with six cycles of bendamusine and rituximab with no evidence of disease on staging scans and normalization of both CA-125 and IgM. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia presenting with symptoms classically associated with ovarian cancer and demonstrates the importance of maintaining a broad differential when evaluating patients with abdominal carcinomatosis.
Laboratory Effects of Two Organically-Certified Insecticides on Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae)

The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of two organically-certified insecticides, azadirachtin and spinosad, on the stink bug parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in residual, topical, and oral toxicity tests. The insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was used as a conventional crop production standard for control of lepidopterous pests. Azadirachtin was the only insecticide in which T. pennipes adults survived after exposure to dried residues, topical applications, and insecticide-treated food. Spinosad was as highly toxic to this parasitoid as lambda-cyhalothrin in all 3 tests even though spinosad was slower acting than lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that azadirachtin would probably be safer to T. pennipes adults than spinosad in organically-grown crops.
Design and criticality analysis of colloidal slurry nuclear reactors

Abstract A novel nuclear reactor concept is presented in this paper which can sustain the controlled fission reaction and has an innovative mechanism of reactivity control. The concept of this reactor is based on the stability of colloidal suspensions. These suspensions consist of colloidal fuel particles suspended in a moderator with a controllable separation distance. The packing factor of the colloidal suspension can be controlled by slightly modifying the ionic concentration of the suspension medium, effectively controlling the criticality of the reactor. Based on local average separation distance between particles, thermalization of neutrons can be varied and can be used to manipulate neutron multiplication factor k ∞ . Numerical calculations are performed with the help of MCNP software to obtain optimal configuration of critical assemblies. For the numerical case studies presented in this paper, uranium dioxide ( UO 2 ) fuel particles with size ⩾10 μm in different liquid solvents are considered. The fuel particles are simulated as hard spheres packed in Bravais lattice structures within the solvent medium. Simulations involve neutron interactions of a uniform colloidal suspension of spherical fuel elements of diameters 5 cm–0.001 cm. The homogeneous fuel equivalence was found to occur for particles sized below 0.010 cm diameter. Criticality curves are generated for fuel particle configurations with varying particle density, confirming fuel configurations can be controlled by only modifying particle packing factor. Additional criticality curves are generated for various cylindrical geometries of fuel suspension vessels with modular form factors. Triethylene glycol is substituted as a moderator and suspension fluid with higher boiling point as compared to water. The type of moderator or solvent does not have any significant impact on criticality performance.
A safety evaluation of evolocumab.

Introduction: Evolocumab is an injectable, fully human monoclonal antibody and a member of the newest class of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering agents called proprotein converta...