cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postmodernism and the Public Sphere.

The idea of the public sphere, of an institutionalized arena of discursive interaction, is central to democratic theory and practice. The modern age has, however, witnessed the erosion of a public realm distinct from the state and the market. In response to this erosion, public realm theory, notably the work of Arendt and Habermas, attempts to theorize the minimal conditions necessary for a discursive realm free of structural coercion or manipulation. The resulting normative conception of the public sphere has come under sharp attack by postmodern theorists, including Foucault, Lyotard, and Baudrillard, who question the basic presuppositions of public realm theory. I examine their objections and show how the public realm theory of Arendt can be viewed as motivated by concerns similar to the postmoderns'. Against Habermas, I argue that Arendt's public realm theory is less concerned with the question of legitimation than with the theorization of an agonistic political subjectivity.
Sodium Requirement for Broiler Breeder Hens

Two experiments were conducted with Arbor Acres hens to determine their Na requirement. Sodium chloride was added to a corn-soybean meal diet to furnish daily intakes of 35, 65, 95, 125, and 150 mg per hen in Experiment 1. The 150 mg level was replaced with 180 mg in Experiment 2. The hens were maintained in floor pens with wood shavings used as litter. Experiment 1 was conducted for 9 wk and Experiment 2 for 12 wk. Egg production was significantly reduced during Week 4, when the hens had an intake of 35 mg Na/d. Egg production was reduced by Week 7 when the diet furnished 65 mg/d. Plasma Na was reduced and plasma K increased when the intake was 35 or 65 mg/d. Performance data from 6 to 9, and 6 to 12 wk were used in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, to determine the daily Na requirement. The daily requirement for maximum production was 113.8 and 96 mg and the requirement for egg mass was 105 and 100 mg in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively.
Interfacing Ada and relational databases

With the advent of the Ada* language, relational database manufacturers are faced with the task of interfacing their databases to a language based on the object-oriented model. This paper discusses the benefits gained from interfacing Ada to a relational DBMS, with ORACLE* Pro*Ada used as a concrete example. Two approaches to interfacing Ada and a DBMS are discussed: one which was based on the alpha testing the author performed on Pro*Ada, and one based on retrieving rows in a record format. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Government request for an SQL to Ada interface, as well as general issues for DBMS interfaces.
INLET: Access to Water Resources Management Data Through a Natural Language Interface

This paper describes the development of INLET, an Interactive Natural Language EnvironmenT, that allows convenient, rapid, and extensive access to water resource management data. This system is designed to require a minimum of training, making it immediately useful for water managers who do not have the time or interest to be trained in the use of traditional databases. INLET consists of a natural language processor that accepts commands posed to it in ordinary (conversational) English and a menu-driven query system. By using simple English commands, water resource managers and staff who are not familiar with either a formal database query system or computer programming can easily access hydrologic and management data and can use the analytical, statistical, and graphical capabilities provided by INLET.
Neonatal Resuscitation: The Infant With the Difficult Airway

Please read the following vignette and watch the video clip (Fig 1). Figure 1. A 38-2/7 weeks-gestation, growth-restricted infant is delivered through clear amniotic fluid after an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. Immediately after birth, the infant is warmed, dried, stimulated, and the team attempts to open the airway. Watch the following video segment; 30 seconds after birth, the heart rate is 90 beats per minute. Which of the following actions is most likely to result in an improvement in heart rate? 1. Begin chest compressions 2. Insert a 2.5-mm endotracheal tube through the nose 3. Place the infant in side lying position 4. Reposition the head and reapply the mask, begin positive pressure ventilation 5. Stimulate the infant by rubbing the back and flicking the feet Correct Response: b. Insert a …
Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatry: Minimizing Harm

By Robert L. Sadoff MD. New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 222 pp. $74.50 hard cover. Dr. Robert Sadoff is a senior member and past president of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) and has a wealth of forensic experience. In the Preface to Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatry :
Investigation on current situation of correct knowledge about prevention and treatment for kala-azar in Wen County, Gansu Province

Objective To understand awareness of correct knowledge about kala-azar prevention and treatment in Wen County of Gansu Province, to provide scientific basis for control and prevention. Methods Twenty-one dwellers from 15 villages in Wen County with kala-azar prevalence during 2005-2010 were interviewed with a questionnaire survey and analysis of general information of kala-azar, health behavior and living environment. Results Result of the investigation indicated that 71.04% of the 297 dwellers had incorrect knowledge about dogs as preservers of infection source of kala-azar, and 79.80% had incorrect knowledge about transmission cycle of kala-azar. 78.10% and 35.35% of the 297 dwellers didn't take measures to prevent human from sand-fly sucking such as mosquito net suspend and insecticide spray around living room.Conclusions Dwellers in the epidemic areas of Gansu Province know little basic information for prevention and control of kala-azar. Health education related to prevention and control of kala-azar must be performed in the dwellers according to the local condition. Technical skill education must be enhanced in rural doctors.
Role of Conditioning Factors in the Development of Drug Dependence

Drug dependence has long been a problem that, on the surface, is puzzling and contradictory. The person who is dependent on drugs will repeatedly return to drug use despite obvious problems produced by this behavior and despite repeated attempts to cease. The definition of addiction traditionally includes descriptions of this compulsive drug-taking behavior, including the strong tendency to relapse despite attempts to remain drug free. Thus, it is appropriate to consider the phenomenon of addiction from the behavioral perspective. In this review, the drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior itself will be examined, particularly from the perspective of classical conditioning.
Control structure overloading in X10

The X10 programming language offers a simple but expressive model of concurrency and distribution. Domain Specific Languages embedded in X10 (eDSL) can build upon this model to offer scheduling and placement facilities tailored to particular patterns of applications, e.g. stencils or graph traversals. They exploit X10's rich type system and closures to offer flexible and precise functional interfaces, however, they are restricted by X10's rigid syntax. In this work, we propose an overloading mechanism enabling eDSLs to redefine or extend the behavior of X10 control structures. Loops can be parallelized or distributed. Exception handlers can triage and process exceptions arising from concurrent tasks. While our overloading mechanism requires augmenting the X10 syntax with new forms, the change to the syntax is small and intuitive. Overall, the combination of syntax and semantics we propose improves code readability over traditional X10 at no cost in run time performance.
Viral Infections and Obstructive Airway Disease in Early Life

The role of viral respiratory infections as the principal provocateurs of wheezing illnesses during infancy and early childhood has been appreciated only recently. In this regard, the pre-eminence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been established and various mechanism of RSV-induced wheezing have been proposed. Atopy appears to be an important determinant of wheezing during an RSV infection during early life. It is also clear that viral infections of the lower respiratory tract in the young may result in persistent abnormalities in lung structure and function that may become evident only years later.
A Political Theory of Special-Purpose Government

Despite being the most common form of local government in the United States, spending more than all city governments combined, and having more civilian employees than the federal government, special-purpose governments have received precious little attention from scholars. Perhaps most surprisingly, no one has ever produced a theory of the politics of local special-purpose government. Fortunately, such a theory need not be constructed from whole cloth, for these local institutions bear a family resemblance to other, more familiar institutions of specialized jurisdiction, such as congressional committees and parliamentary ministries. In this chapter, I build a model of special-purpose government that is grounded in modern theories of political economy. I begin with a basic model of interest group competition with probabilistic voting (e.g., Hettich and Winer 1999; Persson and Tabellini 2000, ch. 7). I introduce two novel elements to the model: First, I allow for the existence of multiple independently elected governments, each providing a different public good; second, I allow for selective participation by the interest groups in the election of each government. Throughout, my emphasis is on understanding how outcomes differ when policy is made by one general-purpose government compared to multiple overlapping single-function governments. The central intuition of my theory is that removing a policy issue from the purview of a general-purpose government and placing it under the jurisdiction of a single-function district enables the interest groups concerned with the issue to increase their influence over it.
UTILITY AND INDIFFERENCE ANALYSIS

The utility from one good is affected by the presence of other goods and rational utility-maximizing consumer tends to allocate resources—income, time, and energy—in a manner suggested by the equimarginal principle. Cardinal utility analysis requires one to use certain values to designate the levels of utility experienced by the decision maker. While such an analysis is logically consistent, it has certain drawbacks. Ordinal utility analysis, fortunately, does not necessitate the measurement of utility in absolute terms. With this method, the decision maker is expected to be able to rank preferences. Indifference curves collectively represent a person's or institution's tastes and preferences. They are drawn under a specific set of assumptions and as such may not all look alike for different people or tastes. Some important observations concerning indifference curves are—any point along a given indifference curve represents a unique level of satisfaction, “higher” indifference curves represent greater levels of satisfaction, and indifference curves may not intersect.
Update on "Stem and Progenitor Cells Isolated from Cord Blood"

Cord blood (CB) has now been used to treat more than 25,000 patients with malignant and non–malignant disorders in a setting of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. While there are advantages to using CB as a source of HSCs, disadvantages include slower time to neutrophil, platelet, and immune cell recovery. This updated chapter reviews recent efforts to enhance the engrafting capability of CB cells through double CB transplantation, and via means to enhance the homing and engraftment of the limited number of cells present in single CB transplantation such as through the inhibition of the cell surface enzyme CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase IV. The length of time CB has been stored frozen in cryopreserved form and efficiently recovered with intact functional capability is now more than 23 years. These retrieved CB cells are also capable of generating induced pluripotent stem cells and endothelial colony forming cells of high proliferative activity. Efforts to make CB cells a more efficient and effacious source of transplantable cells continues.
The Impact of Dysphonic Voices on Healthy Listeners: Listener Reaction Times, Speech Intelligibility, and Listener Comprehension

Purpose There is currently minimal information on the impact of dysphonia secondary to phonotrauma on listeners. Considering the high incidence of voice disorders with professional voice users, it ...
A Power Market Model with Renewable Portfolio Standards, Green Pricing and GHG Emissions Trading Programs

Models based on complementarity formulation have been a useful tool to simulate the interactions between environmental policies and the power market. This paper presents a power market model that considers renewable portfolio standards (RPS), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cap-and-trade and green pricing programs. These are three concurrent policies in the United States that are expected to be implemented to reduce our reliance of electricity on carbon intensity sources. Under these policies, electricity generated from renewable sources would incur little or no GHG costs, and also can be used to meet RPS, or sell into green pricing programs. Therefore, load serving entities (LSEs) would view electricity as differential products and price it differently based on its emission rate. As an illustration, the model is applied to analyze the interactions of three policies using a three-node power system. The result suggests that the green premium and the price of renewable energy credits (RECs) are closely related and the interactions among three policies can effectively increase profits earned by renewables generators. RECs market needs to be carefully designed to prevent double counting.
Introduction: Same-Sex Marriage and the Collective Moving Toward Difference

Queer Argentina begins with the 2010 congressional debate on marriage equality in Buenos Aires. An analysis of the debate on same-sex marriage in Argentina reveals that queerness is associated, for some, with the unknown and the misunderstood, and, for others, with the uncomfortable feeling of having to accommodate new sociocultural models into heteronormative traditions. For everyone, however, the debate demonstrates a unique cultural movement toward engaging with queer systems of knowledge. When Senator Agustin Rossi reads from Osvaldo Bazan’s study, La historia de la homosexualidad en la Argentina (The History of Homosexuality in Argentina) (2004), the closet is made into a high traffic zone frequented by those who recognize cultural differences as a whole, and not just those communities marginalized by their sexual and gendered social identities.
WAPs in Medical Environments

Estimates about the size of the global wireless electronic health record (EHR) market underscore the importance of wireless access points in medical practice: about $11.2 billion in 2013 and projected to at least double by 2018. Several forces combine to make wireless technology especially prevalent in medical facilities: cost, inconvenience, and environmental burden (e.g., construction dust, noise, repair work) of implementing or upgrading wired networks; the desire for on-demand, real-time patient information (e.g., EHRs or patient readings); and the use of sensors, medical devices, and building automation solutions. Medical device manufacturers are not compelled at this time to comply with the guidelines for enhancing device security that the FDA developed at the behest of the Government Accountability Office. Meanwhile medical device availability and integrity are essential for maintaining patient-critical, clinician-critical, facility-critical, and organization-critical infrastructure and processes. Mandated security objective priorities (i.e., confidentiality first) are not completely aligned with patient well-being.
Seeing the Growth: Strengthening Teacher Connectedness Through Outward Bound Excursions

Positive teacher-student relationships are protective for various health outcomes in adolescence. Evidence suggests that outdoor education programs, such as Outward Bound (OB), have the potential to encourage social skill development, but little research has investigated programs’ effects on teacher-student relationships. This study assessed high-school teacher connectedness following participation in OB excursions. Twelve in-depth interviews with teachers and two focus groups with OB instructors were conducted in the Chesapeake Bay area. Data were analyzed in Atlas.ti using an iterative, Grounded Theory methodology. As OB trips altered the role teachers often played in their classrooms, informants perceived increased trust with participating students as they developed shared memories. The effects of OB extend beyond individual-level outcomes to encourage positive relationships between high-school teachers and their students. Given these findings, educators may want to consider incorporating outdoor education programs into their curricula as a way to engage teachers and students beyond their prescribed roles in the classroom.
Optimization of Error-Bounded Lossy Compression for Hard-to-Compress HPC Data

Since today's scientific applications are producing vast amounts of data, compressing them before storage/transmission is critical. Results of existing compressors show two types of HPC data sets: highly compressible and hard to compress. In this work, we carefully design and optimize the error-bounded lossy compression for hard-to-compress scientific data. We propose an optimized algorithm that can adaptively partition the HPC data into best-fit consecutive segments each having mutually close data values, such that the compression condition can be optimized. Another significant contribution is the optimization of shifting offset such that the XOR-leading-zero length between two consecutive unpredictable data points can be maximized. We finally devise an adaptive method to select the best-fit compressor at runtime for maximizing the compression factor. We evaluate our solution using 13 benchmarks based on real-world scientific problems, and we compare it with 9 other state-of-the-art compressors. Experiments show that our compressor can always guarantee the compression errors within the user-specified error bounds. Most importantly, our optimization can improve the compression factor effectively, by up to 49 percent for hard-to-compress data sets with similar compression/decompression time cost.
Understanding Employee Alignment During Organizational Change

Despite the fact that employee alignment with an initiative is often considered a critical process of organizational change, few studies have examined processes where organizations change the individual to bring about alignment. This research aims to fill this gap by exploring whether changes in employee line of sight to the objectives and actions necessary to accomplish the objectives can improve alignment with a change initiative. To accomplish this, I examine the trajectories for line of sight objectives and line of sight actions and whether those trajectories can affect behavioral alignment. Through an intervention aimed at improving efficiency in a sample of 189 fast food employees, a change in line of sight objectives was found to influence both a change in line of sight actions and a change in behavioral alignment. A change in line of sight actions also predicted a change in behavioral alignment. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
Summarization evaluation for text and speech: issues and approaches

This paper surveys current text and speech summarization evaluation approaches. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of these, with the goal of identifying summarization techniques most suitable to speech summarization. Precision/recall schemes, as well as summary accuracy measures which incorporate weightings based on multiple human decisions, are suggested as particularly suitable in evaluating speech summaries.
Cognitive Perceptual Motor Evaluation Research Findings for Adult Head Injuries

Historically, the early Greek view of the mind was simply that the mind is an organ that dealt with pure ideas.,Plato in his time denied that it had anything to do with sensation, and Aristotle felt the mind was governed by the psychic powers, associated with motion and sensation, believing the physical seat of mental life to be in the heart and not the brain (Wilson, 1964). In the eighteenth century, the theory of the phrenologists became popular when Franz Joseph Gall, a Viennese physiologist assumed that the bumps on man’s skull represented the parts of his brain that were well-developed (Wilson, 1964). He_divided the brain into thirty-seven areas, identifying each as a personality trait such as “self-esteem or gaiety.”
Interaction between Rib and Superstructure in Concrete Arch Bridges

Certain phases of the interaction between the rib and spandrel structure of concrete arch bridges are discussed herein with a view toward relating the action of the structure to the system of class...
Coaches' perceptions of the quality of care provided by athletic trainers.

BACKGROUND The coach's perception of the quality of care provided by the athletic trainer (AT) is essential in providing the best care for the athlete given the coaches' influential role on the sports medicine team. The purpose of this study was to examine National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) coaches' perceptions of the quality of care provided by the athletic trainer (AT). METHODS A survey was used to assess NCAA coaches' perceptions in both 1998 and 2016 in order to provide an analysis of change over time. RESULTS A total of 261 NCAA coaches (129 in 1998 and 132 in 2016) participated. There was a significant difference between the perception scores of coaches from high-profile sports (74.9±13.6) and low-profile sports (72.0±13.2; P=0.01) and between coaches surveyed in 1998 (75.9±11.7) and 2016 (70.2±14.3; P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the perception scores of coaches from Division I (74.3±13.3), II (70.1±13.9), or III (74.2±12.7; P=0.11) institutions. CONCLUSIONS The perceptions of coaches from high-profile sports are greater than those from low-profile sports. The perceptions of coaches surveyed in 1998 are greater than those surveyed in 2016. The factors that appear to influence the perceptions of coaches include equality for all athletes regardless of sport, adequate staffing of the athletic training room, and effective communication between the coach and AT.
Grooming child victims into sexual abuse: a psychometric analysis of survivors’ experiences

This study sought to examine the psychometric properties of the Grooming subscale of the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (CAMI) in a sample of adult survivors of child sexual abuse. There ...
Optimal Resource Allocation Problems (ORAP) G ( V ∗ ) in TND

Chapter 7 begins the last of three chapters on optimization problems in topological network design (TND). While all the optimization problems are closely intertwined, we separate them due to the complexity and detail involved. We will build upon the open and closed algorithms which regulate the performance of the network and add optimization algorithms to define the best resources within the network.
The A is for Activism

Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration—the three major practice areas of ADR—have become so mainstream that many argue that the “A” of ADR, which historically has stood for “alternative,” no longer applies. But modern ADR originally developed as a set of prac- tices outside the mainstream, intended in large part to promote social transformation and empower individuals. Reynolds argues that these activist roots of ADR should not be forgotten, and in fact should spur new research and pedagogy around activism, community organizing, social movements, and other “extralegal” approaches to changing law and society.
Manufacturing quality prediction using smooth spatial variable selection estimator with applications in aerosol jet® printed electronics manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) has advantages in terms of production cycle time, flexibility, and precision compared with traditional manufacturing. Spatial data, collected from optical cameras or in ...
Sensitivity and Bifurcation Analysis of a Differential-Algebraic Equation Model for a Microbial Electrolysis Cell

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are a promising new technology for producing hydrogen cheaply, efficiently, and sustainably. In these devices, electroactive bacteria oxidize a biodegradable sub...
Comparing Advanced Placement Physics Teachers Experiencing Physics-Focused Professional Development.

ABSTRACTMany high school classrooms in the United States have physics teachers who are teaching the subject outside their certified content areas because of a severe shortage of physics teachers. T...
Claudin-7 Modulates Cl− and Na+ Homeostasis and WNK4 Expression in Renal Collecting Duct Cells

Claudin-7 knockout (CLDN7−/−) mice display renal salt wasting and dehydration phenotypes. To address the role of CLDN7 in kidneys, we established collecting duct (CD) cell lines from CLDN7+/+ and CLDN7−/− mouse kidneys. We found that deletion of CLDN7 increased the transepithelial resistance (TER) and decreased the paracellular permeability for Cl− and Na+ in CLDN7−/− CD cells. Inhibition of transcellular Cl− and Na+ channels has no significant effect on TER or dilution potentials. Current-voltage curves were linear in both CLDN7+/+ and CLDN7−/− CD cells, indicating that the ion flux was through the paracellular pathway. The impairment of Cl− and Na+ permeability phenotype can be rescued by CLDN7 re-expression. We also found that WNK4 (its mutations lead to hypertension) expression, but not WNK1, was significantly increased in CLDN7−/− CD cell lines as well as in primary CLDN7−/− CD cells, suggesting that the expression of WNK4 was modulated by CLDN7. In addition, deletion of CLDN7 upregulated the expression level of the apical epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), indicating a potential cross-talk between paracellular and transcellular transport systems. This study demonstrates that CLDN7 plays an important role in salt balance in renal CD cells and modulating WNK4 and ENaC expression levels that are vital in controlling salt-sensitive hypertension.
Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Practices See Significant Gains in Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality Measures.

OBJECTIVE Using the American College of Rheumatology's RISE registry, we examined performance on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) quality measures and assessed the association between practice characteristics and changes in performance over time among participating practices. METHODS We analyzed data from practices enrolled in RISE between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Eight quality measures in the areas of RA disease management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and patient safety were examined. Variability in performance was evaluated at the practice level. Multivariate linear models were used to predict change in measure performance by year and determine the effect of practice characteristics on change in performance over time. RESULTS Data from 59,986 patients from 54 practices was examined. Mean age was 62±14 years, 77% were female, 69% were Caucasian, and most patients were seen in a single-specialty group practice (46%). Average performance on measures related to RA treatments was consistently high (>90%) across the study period. Measures related to RA functional status and disease activity assessment had the greatest improvements over time (8.4% and 13.0% increase per year, respectively; p<0.001). Single-specialty group practices had the fastest rates of improvement over time across all measures. CONCLUSIONS Among practices participating in RISE between 2015 to 2017, performance on most RA quality measures improved. Single specialty group practices saw the fastest rates of improvement over time. Identification of workflow patterns leading to dramatic improvements in quality of care will help guide process redesign to address gaps in priority areas, such as TB screening and blood pressure control.
Deterministic Move Lists for Federal Incumbent Protection in the CBRS Band

The 3.5 GHz citizens broadband radio service (CBRS) band in the U.S. is a key portion of mid-band spectrum shared between commercial operators and existing federal and non-federal incumbents. To protect the federal incumbents from harmful interference, a spectrum access system (SAS) is required to use a common, standardized algorithm, called the move list algorithm, to suspend transmissions of some CBRS devices (CBSDs) on channels in which the incumbent becomes active. However, the current reference move list implementation used for SAS testing is non-deterministic in that it uses a Monte Carlo estimate of the $95^{\mathrm {th}}$ percentile of the aggregate interference from CBSDs to the incumbent. This leads to uncertainty in move list results and in the aggregate interference check of the test. This article uses upper and lower bounds on the aggregate interference distribution to compute deterministic move lists. These include the reference move list used by the testing system and an operational move list used by the SAS itself. We evaluate the performance of the proposed deterministic move lists using reference implementations of the standards and simulated CBSD deployments in the vicinity of federal incumbent dynamic protection areas.
Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry of laser energy deposition on a mach 3.4 flow field

Experiments were performed within Rutgers University’s supersonic wind tunnel to measure the influence of off-axis laser energy deposition on the flow field about an ogive cylinder at a freestream Mach number of 3.4. Perturbation of the flow field was accomplished using an infrared laser source, focused to a point ahead of the ogive cylinder. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements were performed to quantify the effects of energy deposition on the flow field at discrete time delays following the generation of the spark. The SPIV results showed a measurable change in streamwise velocity downstream of ogive’s shock that appears to be dependent on proximity of the initial spark to the ogive’s surface. In contrast, the spark was shown to have little influence on the vertical velocity component at early times. Data corresponding to later times showed the passage of an induced jet through the flow field. The jet rotated about its axis while passing through the shock structure, in agreement with previous qualitative imaging. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using SPIV to investigate the influence of laser energy deposition on the flow field.
Order {alpha}{sub s}{sup 2}{beta}{sub 0} correction to the charged lepton spectrum in b{r_arrow}cscr(l){bar {nu}}{sub scr(l)} decays

We compute the ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{2}{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{0}$ part of the two-loop QCD corrections to the charged lepton spectrum in $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\mathcal{l}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\mathcal{l}}$ decays and find them to be about 50% of the first order corrections at all lepton energies, except those close to the end point. Including these corrections we extract the central values $\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}=0.33 \mathrm{GeV}$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}0.17{\mathrm{ }\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ for the HQET matrix elements and use them to determine the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ $b$ and $c$ quark masses, and $|{V}_{\mathrm{cb}}|$.
Isolation of Mitochondria from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Cultures and an Application of High-Resolution Respirometric Assay (XF e 96 Seahorse Assay).

Intracellular Ca2+ is strictly regulated to maintain optimal levels for function of cellular organelles as well as mitochondrial respiratory signaling at the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain level. Optimal Ca2+ concentration for these processes vary between cell types. Furthermore, exposure of mitochondria to sustained, elevated levels of Ca2+ induces mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and damage to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Isolated mitochondria are widely used to study mitochondrial physiology and drug effects on mitochondrial metabolism and respiratory function. However, isolated mitochondria are easily damaged during the mitochondrial isolation process. The present article describes a mitochondrial isolation method using Ca2+-chelation to minimize mitochondrial damage. We follow up the isolation process with an application that requires an optimized buffer Ca2+ concentration: the characterization of their respiratory function using a high-resolution respirometric assay.
Sensitivity analyses informed by tests for bias in observational studies.

In an observational study, the treatment received and the outcome exhibited may be associated in the absence of an effect caused by the treatment, even after controlling for observed covariates. Two tactics are common: (i) a test for unmeasured bias may be obtained using a secondary outcome for which the effect is known, and (ii) a sensitivity analysis may explore the magnitude of unmeasured bias that would need to be present to explain the observed association as something other than an effect caused by the treatment. Can such a test for unmeasured bias inform the sensitivity analysis? If the test for bias does not discover evidence of unmeasured bias, then ask: Are conclusions therefore insensitive to larger unmeasured biases? Conversely, if the test for bias does find evidence of bias, then ask: What does that imply about sensitivity to biases? This problem is formulated in a new way as a convex quadratically constrained quadratic program and solved on a large scale using interior point methods by a modern solver. That is, a convex quadratic function of N variables is minimized subject to constraints on linear and convex quadratic functions of these variables. The quadratic function that is minimized is a statistic for the primary outcome that is a function of the unknown treatment assignment probabilities. The quadratic function that constrains this minimization is a statistic for subsidiary outcome that is also a function of these same unknown treatment assignment probabilities. In effect, the first statistic is minimized over a confidence set for the unknown treatment assignment probabilities supplied by the unaffected outcome. This process avoids the mistake of interpreting the failure to reject a hypothesis as support for the truth of that hypothesis. The method is illustrated by a study of the effects of light daily alcohol consumption on HDL cholesterol levels. In this study, the method quickly optimizes a nonlinear function of N = 800 variables subject to linear and quadratic constraints. In the example, strong evidence of unmeasured bias is found using the subsidiary outcome, but, perhaps surprisingly, this finding makes the primary comparison insensitive to larger biases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
License with Contract and Precedent: Publisher-Licensor Protection Consequences and the Rationale Offered for the Nontransferability of Licenses under Article 2B

Several provisions of the proposed draft of Article 2B of the Uniform Commercial Code have the aim and effect of prohibiting transfer of software and information copy use licenses without consent of the copy publisher. This is inconsistent with the increasing emphasis on freedom of transferability in modem contract law, and has the effect of indirectly amending trade secret law, impairing security in debt financing, and undercutting the balances struck in copyright law. Important unintended consequences include a substantial increase in burdens and costs on parties to mergers and acquisitions, business reorganization, and even individual charitable donation transactions. The primary benefit, and purpose, of these rules is statutory and contractual protection of software and information publishers against competition in both the primary and resale markets. Several rationales, not including trade restraint, have been presented as the foundation for the rules. The most prominent of these suggest that the rules are consistent with those of other U.C.C. articles and that they reflect, are constrained by, or are even dictated by federal patent and copyright law. The article shows that these and other rationales do not withstand scrutiny of claimed authority. It is the author's view that the provisions and their rationales have been presented in a manner designed to deflect such scrutiny, and to induce acceptance of the rules without notice and weighing of their extraordinary consequences.
Digital optical tape: Technology and standardization issues

During the coming years, digital data storage technologies will continue an aggressive growth to satisfy the user's need for higher storage capacities, higher data transfer rates and long-term archival media properties. Digital optical tape is a promising technology to satisfy these user's needs. As any emerging data storage technology, the industry faces many technological and standardization challenges. The technological challenges are great, but feasible to overcome. Although it is too early to consider formal industry standards, the optical tape industry has decided to work together by initiating prestandardization efforts that may lead in the future to formal voluntary industry standards. This paper will discuss current industry optical tape drive developments and the types of standards that will be required for the technology. The status of current industry prestandardization efforts will also be discussed.
Structural Basis for Signal Processing

The synaptic nest represents a structural pattern and a concept whose time have come for serious consideration in the effort to understand the mechanisms responsible for signal coding in the auditory system. Synaptic nests have an organization which makes it difficult to explain mechanisms of signal processing based on current assumptions about the primacy of cell types and their discrete circuits. Synaptic nests occur in many other parts of the central nervous system, including other sensory nuclei and the cerebellum, although this is not very well appreciated at present. Thus their functional significance has general implications for understanding the function of the nervous system.
Joint pricing and openness decisions in software markets with reinforcing loops

In software markets, pricing and openness interact to determine profitability through the direct effect of openness on feasible prices and costs, and their impact on different reinforcing feedback loops such as network effects. We develop a simulation model of the inner workings of a software firm, product life cycle and market aggregation, and analyze their interactions in a competitive market. The reinforcing loops increase the value of early market lead and put pressure on the competing firms to seek such advantage. The competitive equilibrium under strong reinforcing loops calls for highly open software products with early discounts that significantly compromise the profitability of the players. Proprietary platforms and higher prices are favored when those mechanisms are weak. We discuss the implications of thisanalysis for the dynamics ofdifferent competitive marketsaswellasthe contributions to thesystem dynamicsliteratureinanalyzingNashequilibriumofdifferentialgames. Copyright©2012System Dynamics Society. Syst. Dyn. Rev. (2012) Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
Solution-Focused Group Therapy for Substance Abuse

Solution-Focused Therapy provides a framework by which a competence-based group treatment can be provided to clients who are struggling with substance abuse and dependence. Solution-Focused Group T...
AGE OF DPT IMMUNIZATION OF SPECIAL CARE NURSERY (SCN) GRADUATES

DPT immunization data were collected on 103 SCN graduates in a Neonatal Follow-up Clinic to determine if DPT immunization schedules were significantly delayed relative to recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (2, 4 & 6 mo.) Infants were divided into 4 groups by b.wt.(gm.): I. ≤1000, II. 1001 to 1500, III. 1501 to 2500, IV. ≥2501. Immunization schedules were left to the discretion of the primary pediatricians. As shown below, there is delay in immunization of SCN graduates. The infants weighing ≤1000 gm. at birth were particularly at risk with 27% partially immunized at 1 yr. of age. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between b.wt. and immunization age for DPT #1, r=.319, p<.01; DPT #2, r=.205, p<.05; and DPT #3, r=.236, p<.05. One infant (b.wt. 1070 gm.) had pertussis requiring hospitalization for 3 wks. at 5 mo.of age. The 1% attack rate for pertussis is considerably higher than the reported age specific pertussis attack rate of 0.08% in RI. These data identify a group of vulnerable infants at risk for pertussis and stresses maintenance of recommended immunization schedules.
Studies in contact dermatitis

Abstract Irritation from adhesive plaster (dermatitis) was unrelated to a family history of allergy, to the previous use of adhesive plaster, to dermographism, to the ability of the skin to tan, to the color of the eyes, or to the shade of the skin. Young adults reacted more readily than did older subjects, and females showed a greater tendency to react. Subjects did not react to the same extent at all times, and it did not seem possible to group them according to degrees of reactivity. About one in six normal subjects showed some phenomenon of irritation, by far the greater number showing only an erythema. Adhesive plaster dermatitis was of two types: (1) nonspecific and (2) specific. Both showed evidence of a dermatitis, though the former was less prone to show edema, vesicles, and desquamation. The nonspecific type was of shorter duration than the specific, and its effects were gone in a few days. There seemed to be an interplay of mechanical factors, such as tension, friction, maceration, skin infection, and capillary breakdown in the causation of nonspecific dermatitis. In the specific variety there was a more lasting dermatitis of the type venenata, and positive reactions by the surface or patch test to one or more ingredients in the adhesive plaster were obtained. Only two specifically sensitive subjects were found among 275 normals tested with adhesive plaster. Five known cases of adhesive dermatitis were also tested. The results showed all seven to be sensitive to rosin and three also to native rubber. There was a fluctuation in reactivity to these test substances. In addition four of the subjects showed positive reactions to cellophane of the moisture-proof variety. Specific adhesive plaster dermatitis seemed to occur in persons with a dermatitis due to other contact excitants. The person with a true sensitivity usually volunteered the information that he could not tolerate the application of adhesive plaster.
Using Dynamic Duty Cycle Modulation to Improve Energy Efficiency in High Performance Computing

Power is increasingly the limiting factor in High Performance Computing (HPC). Growing core counts in each generation increase power and energy demands. In the future, strict power and energy budgets will be used to control the operating costs of supercomputer centers. Every node needs to use energy wisely. Energy efficiency can either be improved by taking less time or running at lower power. In this paper, we use Dynamic Duty Cycle Modulation (DDCM) to improve energy efficiency by improving performance under a power bound. When the power is not capped, DDCM reduces processor power, saving energy and reducing processor temperature. DDCM allows the clock frequency to be controlled for each individual core with very low overhead. Any situation where the individual threads on a processor are exhibiting imbalance, a more balanced execution can be obtained by slowing the "fast" threads. We use time between MPI collectives and the waiting time at the collective to determine a thread's "near optimal" frequency. All changes are within the MPI library, introducing no user code changes or additional communication/synchronization. To test DDCM, a set of synthetic MPI programs with load imbalance were created. In addition, a couple of HPC MPI benchmarks with load imbalance were examined. In our experiments, DDCM saves up to 13.5% processor energy on one node and 20.8% on 16 nodes. By applying a power cap, DDCM effectively shifts power consumption between cores and improves overall performance. Performance improvements of 6.0% and 5.6% on one and 16 nodes, respectively, were observed.
Chemical Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: The Basics

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy enables the detection and quantification of a wide range of cerebral metabolite compounds in vivo. Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in particular holds great potential for characterizing the pathophysiology of disease states and may provide important biomarkers particularly at the level of inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems. However, the field of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy contains a multitude of concepts that may be unfamiliar to many readers. The present chapter is an overview of the basic fundamentals of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data acquisition and post processing strategies, which are currently are employed by investigators worldwide for characterizing the metabolic profile of the central nervous system and its associated disease states.
Fluctuation of serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 during the menstrual cycle☆

Abstract The serum concentrations of total calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 were measured in seven women during a menstrual cycle. A rise in the serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 was observed on day 15 of the cycle without a detectable change in the serum calcium level. The level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on day 15 was double the values observed at days 1 and 8 of the cycle. The peak of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on day 15 was not observed in five women ingesting oral contraceptives, suggesting that ovulation or its hormonal control was involved in the peak on day 15. A small but significant fall in the serum calcium concentration occurred in the women ingesting oral contraceptives. In view of these findings the serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in women with functioning ovaries must be interpreted in the context of the stage of the menstrual cycle when the blood sample was obtained.