cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B86: Radiation and TGFβ blockade bring back memories in metastatic breast cancer patients

Purpose: This is a pilot study combining focal irradiation and systemic TGFβ blockade in metastatic breast cancer. The rationale for using TGFβ blockade was to limit tumor growth and further spread as well as to curb systemic immune suppression. Combining this systemic approach with hypofractionated radiation of selective tumor metastasis aimed at vaccinating each patient in vivo with her own, relevant tumor antigens by local radiation damage and allow T cells to reach their full potential while escaping TGFβ9s grip. Experimental Design: Serial blood samples from 22 patients undergoing treatment with 1mg or 10mg Fresolimumab and Radiation at the New York University School of Medicine (n=15) and at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (n=7) were immunophenotyped based on flow cytometric analysis of 21 surface antigens. Results: There were significant differences between the 1mg and 10mg groups with respect to several immune parameters, especially the rise in circulating central memory CD8s at the higher dose level (relative increase at 2 weeks 10mg vs 1mg, p=0.027). Regulatory networks responded to the 10mg treatment regime with a consistent expansion in CD4 Tregs while mMDSCs declined (ratio Tregs/mMDSC rising in 10mg vs 1mg, p=0.026). An overall survival benefit was seen in the 10mg Fresolimumab arm (median OS 64.1 weeks versus 20 weeks, p=0.015 log rank test) albeit not striking. CART analysis allowed accurate survival classification based on 2-week changes in CD8/mMDSC ratios and plasma Tryptophan (ROC AUC 0.979). Conclusion: Inhibiting TGFβ in the context of focal irradiation seems to create a favorable systemic immune landscape that drives T cell memory differentiation while limiting myeloid suppression. Citation Format: Dorthe Schaue, Michael W. Xie, Josephine A. Ratikan, Ewa D. Micewicz, Lin Hwang, Kym F. Faull, James W. Sayre, Percy P. Lee, John A. Glaspy, Sandra Demaria, Silvia C. Formenti, William H. McBride. Radiation and TGFβ blockade bring back memories in metastatic breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B86.
Can you do a community assessment without talking to the community

Conventionally, it has been accepted that an accurate understanding of community views on health topics can only come directly from community members. Yet, even as the need for this data has been increased by managed care, the methods of gathering it from community members remain costly and impractical for most busy practices or communities. This case study was conducted to determine whether well-informed health professionals can accurately and less expensively convey community views on health topics. In a low-income urban community, using a standard set of open-ended questions, focus groups and telephone and mail surveys were used to gather qualitative data from community residents and patients. Extended interviews and key informant surveys were used to gather similar data from health professionals. Data obtained from both sets of respondents were compared for content and logistics of collection. Overall, responses from the two groups had similar content but differing emphases. Community residents tended to emphasize socioeconomic determinants of health and everyday life concerns, while health care workers tended to emphasize the process of care. However, these perspectives were shared across the groups, as was an emphasis on the need for education with regard to community health concerns. The most striking difference between the groups was the community resources each group identified. As expected, costs for the health care worker approaches were less expensive. Findings from this case study suggest limited situations in which health care workers can adequately convey community views. In other situations, the different perspectives of each group can be complementary. Regardless of their role in qualitative data gathering, there remain important roles for community members in planning and decision-making regarding their health care.
Ebola’s Unanticipated Arrival in West Africa

Ebola’s Curse: 2013–2016 Outbreak in West Africa , a timely, needed and well-presented book by Michael Oldstone and Madeleine Rose Oldstone, unlocks the mysteries of the largest outbreak of one of the world’s most fearsome viruses. What is Ebola? Why did this happen? Here you will find the answers to these questions, while meeting fascinating people thrust into a situation as dramatic as any that could be imagined in a blockbuster novel or movie.
Chrysomelid behavioral counterploys to secretive canals in plants

Many species of plants produce secretions such as resins, latices, gums, and mucilages stored under pressure in networks of canals distributed throughout the plant (Fahn, 1979; Metcalfe & Chalk, 1983; Farrell et al., 1991). When such plants are damaged, there is an immediate release of fluids from injured tissues, often in abundant quantities. These canals and their secretions may constitute a challenge to herbivorous insects. In many species, canals contain secondary metabolites that are well known herbivore repellents and toxins. For example, species of the families Pinaceae and Burseraceae have ducts that contain monoterpenes and resin acids (Raffa, 1991; Becerra & Evans in prep). Resin canals in some species of Anacardiaceae have catechols (Joel, 1980), and some Apiaceae contain coumarins (Valle et al., 1987). The latex of members of Asclepiadaceae contains cardiac glycosides while that of Euphorbiaceae contains diterpenes (Seigler, 1979). Besides their chemical constituents, secretions may also pose a mechanical threat to herbivorous insects. They solidify when exposed to air to the point of impeding the movement of mandibles and seriously interfering with feeding. Copious secretion can entrap insects completely. Despite all of this, some insects have developed successful counterploys to these double-acting plant defence mechanisms. Before feeding, insects may block the canals by biting the midveins, cutting trenches in the leaves, or constricting the petioles. In this way, the amount of secretions can be diminished or eliminated from some tissues, rendering them more edible to the insects (Carroll & Hoffman, 1980; Dussourd & Eisner, 1987; Dussourd & Denno, 1991).
Imaginary politics: Climate change and making the future

Climate change places major transformational demands on modern societies. Transformations require the capacity to collectively envision and meaningfully debate realistic and desirable futures. Without such a collective imagination capacity and active deliberation processes, societies lack both the motivation for change and guidance for decision-making in a certain direction of change. Recent arguments that science fiction can play a role in societal transformation processes is not yet supported by theory or empirical evidence. Advancing the argument that fiction can support sustainability transformations, this paper makes four contributions. First, building on the imaginary concept, I introduce and define the idea of socio-climatic imaginaries. Second, I develop a theory of imagination as linked cognitive-social processes that enable the creation of collectively shared visions of future states of the world. This theory addresses the dynamics that bridge imagination processes in the individual mind and collective imagining that informs social and political decision-making. Third, emphasizing the political nature of creating and contesting imaginaries in a society, I introduce the role of power and agency in this theory of collective imagination. I argue that both ideational and structural power concepts are relevant for understanding the potential societal influence of climate fiction. Finally, the paper illuminates these different forms of transformational power and agency with two brief case studies: two climate fiction novels. I contrast a dystopian and utopian science fiction novel – Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Water Knife (2015) and Kim Stanley Robinson's Green Earth (2015). The two books are very similar in their power/agency profile, but the comparison provides initial insights into the different roles of optimistic and pessimistic future visions.
Standardization, Censorship, Systems, Surveillance: Artist Perambulations Through Google Earth

This article analyzes the political implications of artists’ engagement with Google Earth. It considers Internet-based series from Clement Valla, Mishka Henner, Jenny Odell, and Jon Rafman that sea...
Insight into the Viscous and Adhesive Contributions to Hydrogel Friction

Investigation of the mechanisms underlying hydrogel lubrication is pivotal in understanding the complexity of biolubrication. In this work, the frictional characteristics of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels with varying composition have been studied over a wide range of sliding velocities and normal loads by colloidal probe lateral force microscopy. The results show that the friction force between the hydrogel and the colloid increases with velocity at sliding velocities above a transition value ( $${V^*}$$ ), while the friction force at slower sliding velocities depends on the composition, and it can either increase or decrease with velocity. Based on the viscoelastic behavior of hydrogels, we model hydrogel friction as the combination of viscous dissipation and the energy dissipated through the rupture of the transient adhesive bridges across the interface. The model parameters depend on relaxation characteristics of the confined polymer network at the interface and on the (bulk) viscoelastic behavior of the hydrogel and are sensitive to the compressive stress. We observe a collapse of the experimental data (at different loads and velocities and for hydrogels with different compositions) in a non-monotonic master curve with a minimum friction force at the transition velocity. Furthermore, a simple relation for the transition velocity $${V^*}$$ is derived from theory, thereby demonstrating the competing effect of both the adhesive and the viscous contributions to friction, which helps to reconcile discrepancies between previous studies of hydrogel friction.
Evidence for contrasting size-frequency distributions of workers patrolling vegetation vs. the ground in the polymorphic African ant Anoplolepis custodiens

It is often hypothesized that ant species with substantial variation in worker body size should have schemes for allocating workers to different foraging tasks based on size. Here, we document in Anoplolepis custodiens ants preliminary evidence for a relationship between worker body size and the foraging surfaces on which workers walk. Workers of A. custodiens were collected in pitfall traps near their nest entrances and compared in size to workers exploring the branches of associated shrubs (Salsola sp.). Although ants of all sizes moved freely on the ground, the bushes were almost entirely populated by the smallest workers. These results suggest an effect of substrate on the foraging behavior of an understudied species and suggest that A. custodiens might be a good model to explore size-based behavioral differences in polymorphic ants.
Determinants and Consequences of Financial Hardship Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

BACKGROUND Financial hardship among survivors of pediatric cancer has been understudied. We investigated determinants and consequences of financial hardship among adult survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS Financial hardship, determinants, and consequences were examined in 2811 long-term survivors (mean age at evaluation = 31.8 years, years postdiagnosis = 23.6) through the baseline survey and clinical evaluation. Financial hardship was measured by material, psychological, and coping/behavioral domains. Outcomes included health and life insurance affordability, retirement planning, symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Odds ratios (ORs) estimated associations of determinants with financial hardship. Odds ratios and regression coefficients estimated associations of hardship with symptom prevalence and HRQOL, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Among participants, 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.8% to 24.0%), 51.1% (95% CI = 49.2% to 52.9%), and 33.0% (95% CI = 31.1% to 34.6%) reported material, psychological, and coping/behavioral hardship, respectively. Risk factors across hardship domains included annual household income of $39 999 or less vs $80 000 or more (material OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.08 to 4.46, psychological OR = 3.64, 95% CI = 2.76 to 4.80, and coping/behavioral OR = 4.95, 95% CI = 3.57 to 6.86) and below high school attainment vs college graduate or above (material OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.45 to 3.42, psychological OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.62, and coping/behavioral OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.38 to 3.06). Myocardial infarction, peripheral neuropathy, subsequent neoplasm, seizure, stroke, reproductive disorders, amputation, and upper gastrointestinal disease were associated with higher material hardship (all P < .05). Hardship across three domains was associated with somatization, anxiety and depression (all P < .001), suicidal ideation (all P < .05), and difficulty in retirement planning (all P < .001). Survivors with hardship had statistically significantly lower HRQOL (all P < .001), sensation abnormality (all P < .001), and pulmonary (all P < .05) and cardiac (all P < .05) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of adult survivors of childhood cancer experienced financial hardship. Vulnerable sociodemographic status and late effects were associated with hardship. Survivors with financial hardship had an increased risk of symptom prevalence and impaired HRQOL.
Protecting Student Anonymity in Research Using a Subject-Generated Identification Code.

Abstract Background Within nursing education research, protection of students as human subjects must be the highest priority. This protection can be provided via student anonymity. A subject-generated identification code, comprised of responses to a series of questions, can link data across time points while protecting student anonymity. Method Two studies, focused on palliative care education, used a subject-generated identification code to link student data across multiple time points. Refinements to the code were made between studies to further enhance anonymity and response consistency. Results The subject-generated identification code fostered linking of student responses across three time points in study one and two time points in study two. Conclusion There are many benefits to utilizing a subject-generated identification code in nursing education studies. Researchers must consider the need for a data management expert and balancing transposition errors and the power to differentiate between responses.
Relative abundance of invasive red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and native western pond turtles (Emys marmorata) at Clear Lake, Lake County, California.

Abstract During 2010–2018 we studied the relative abundance of invasive red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and native western pond turtles (Emys marmorata) at Clear Lake and its associat...
Crip theory and the disabled identity: why disability politics needs impairment

This article highlights the importance of recognizing both the ontology of impairment as it relates to the creation of the disabled identity as well as why articulations of the disabled identity be...
Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes. 48. Efficient Synthesis of Trans-Fused Bicyclic and Cyclic Ketones and Secondary Alcohols in High Optical Purities via Asymmetric Cyclic Hydroboration with Isopinocampheylchloroborane Etherate

Highly stereo- and enantioselective annelation has been achieved for the synthesis of trans-fused bicyclic and cyclic ketones via the asymmetric cyclic hydroboration of suitable cyclic dienes, such as 1-allyl-1-cycloalkenes or 1-vinyl-1-cycloalkenes and appropriate acyclic 1,4-dienes, respectively, with enantiomerically pure isopinocampheylchloroborane etherate (IpcBHCl·Et2O). The IpcBHCl·Et2O (an 86−90% equilibrium mixture) was readily synthesized by the reaction of an equivalent amount of hydrochloric acid in ethyl ether (Et2O) with optically pure isopinocampheylborane (IpcBH2). The hydroboration of the terminal double bond of a representative diene with IpcBHCl·Et2O readily provided the corresponding isopinocampheylalkylchloroborane (IpcRBCl). Subsequent hydridation of the IpcRBCl with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH, 0.25 equiv) at −20 or −25 °C generated the intermediate isopinocampheylalkylborane (IpcRBH) almost instantly, which then underwent a rapid stereospecific and enantioselective intramolecular...
How much would family and medical leave cost workers in the US? Racial/ethnic variation in economic hardship under unpaid and paid policies

ABSTRACTUsing a capability approach, this study assesses economic constraints under the current US national unpaid family and medical leave (FML) policy compared to a hypothetical national paid FML...
Abstract WP262: Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Infective Endocarditis

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is considered to be an absolute contraindication for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment (IVtPA) in acute ischemic stroke. However during th...
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXX: Qualifications and Leadership of the Chief Medical Officer.

ABSTRACT The chief medical officer ideally has a degree in business, hospital administration, or related subjects and has also pursued training in leadership. This is very important to be able to read and interpret financial documents, understand the language of hospital executives, and be able to advise the administrators and physicians on many projects. The chief medical officer must be trusted by both the C-suite executives and the medical staff and be able to communicate effectively and diplomatically with both. In order to optimize value, it is important to engage the medical staff and to align the goals of not only the executives and doctors, but also of the patients and their families.
Ripplocations: A Progress Report

It has long been recognized that when the basal planes of crystalline layered solids were loaded in compression edge-on they failed by the formation of kink bands. And while no good model was ever put forth for how that occurred, it was always implicitly, or explicitly, assumed that basal dislocations, BDs, were the culprit. In 2015, the term ripplocation – best described as an atomic layer ripple - was coined and since then we have been making the case that atomic layers, like in other layered systems – be they playing cards, steel sheets or geological formations – also fail by constrained buckling. In graphite, beyond a critical buckling stress, ripplocation boundaries, RB, whose width is equal to the width of the perturbing load are formed. RBs - precursors of kink boundaries, KBs, and fully recoverable - are defined as the locus of points with the highest curvature in each layer. Once nucleated the RBs very rapidly indeed propagate, wave-like, away from under the perturbation. Once they reach a boundary standing waves, whose crests are RB, are formed. It is the to-and-fro motion of such waves and the concomitant friction between the layers that is responsible for the energy dissipated per cycle per unit volume outlined by stress-strain loops characteristic of layered solids that are cyclically loaded. The driving force for the reversibility of these loops is the elastic energy stored in the RBs and matrix surrounding them. Constraining motion normal to the basal planes results in an increase in buckling stresses and a decrease in the wavelengths of the resulting waves. The results of a folding mechanics model, based on confined buckling – that takes into account frictional, bending and foundation energies – on thin steel sheets not only agree surprisingly well with our experimental results, especially at low confining pressures, but also with previous work. At the atomic level transmission electron microscope, TEM, images on the MAX phases, graphite and a layered silicate all confirm existence of ripplocations.. The existence of bulk ripplocations will require a revisiting and reassessment of our understanding of how layered crystalline solids deform.
The Effects of Increasing Degree of Unreliable Automation on Older Adults’ Performance

Automated technology may help older adults maintain an independent lifestyle (e.g., Mynatt et al. 2004; Labonnote and Hoyland 2017). For example, domestic robots could help older adults remain in their homes longer, or cars with semi-autonomous safety technology can help older adults maintain their ability to drive. However, as older adults interact with technology that is more automated (i.e., automation is higher in stage and degree), they may become more subject to the negative effects when that technology fails. This concept of reaping greater benefits of higher degrees of automation that is reliable but suffering catastrophic performance consequences when it is unreliable has been termed the lumberjack effect and has been well documented among younger adults (Endsley and Kiris 1995; Onnasch et al. 2013; Rovira et al. 2017). The cause of this effect is that frequent interaction with reliable, high level automation induces a complacency or disengagement with the task (becoming out of the loop). Thus, when that automation fails, the user has been out of the loop (Endsley and Kiris 1995) and is thus unprepared to resume the task. As older adults have reduced cognitive abilities, they may be even more subject to the lumberjack effect. The purpose of the current study was to examine the presence and magnitude of the lumberjack effect in older adults as it has not yet been documented in the literature. Older and younger adults interacted with various degrees of automation. We replicated the finding that performance was negatively affected on unreliable trials of automation compared to reliable trials for both age groups (i.e., the lumberjack effect). However, these effects did not appear to be more pronounced in older adults. These results are the first to show that the lumberjack effect previously observed in younger adults is equally pronounced in older adults. However, what aspect of aging cognition was the source of this similar lumberjack effect is still an empirical question.
Organization, Operations, Management, and Their Role in Surge Capacity and Mass Casualty Incidents

Mass casualty incidents related to blast injuries, from both intentional and unintentional events, can quickly overwhelm an unprepared emergency department, leading to increased patient morbidity and mortality. The recommended approach in organization and operations management is to employ the Hospital Incident Command System to leverage the whole hospital system to optimize care and resource utilization. In this chapter, special attention will be placed on emergency department operations and best practices, such as increased security, space allocation, frequent drilling, and using small zones for emergency department teams.
The twisted Euclidean algorithm: Applications to number theory and geometry

Abstract We introduce a generalization of the Euclidean algorithm for rings equipped with an involution, and completely enumerate all isomorphism classes of orders over definite, rational quaternion algebras equipped with an orthogonal involution that admit such an algorithm. We give two applications: first, any order that admits such an algorithm has class number 1; second, we show how the existence of such an algorithm relates to the problem of constructing explicit Dirichlet domains for Kleinian subgroups of the isometry group of hyperbolic 4-space.
POINCARE INVARIANCE IN TEMPORAL GAUGE CANONICAL QUANTIZATION AND θ VACUA

The Poincare invariance in the temporal gauge canonical quantization of QCD is shown manifestly by verifying that the energy-momentum vector and angular momentum tensor satisfy the Poincare algebra in the physical Hilbert space. Two different values of θ for the θ term in the QCD Lagrangian lead to different representations of the Poincare group, which are, however, connected by a unitary transformation. Thus it is important to further restrict the physical Hilbert space to evaluate the θ dependence in temporal gauge canonical quantization.
Reswitching, the Average Period of Production and the Austrian Business Cycle: A Comment on Fratini

In a recent contribution to this journal Severino Fratini (2019) offers a critique of our work on Austrian Capital Theory on the grounds that our conception of capital and “roundaboutness”. In this comment we explain why we think this criticism is wrong.
Regional N-glycan and lipid analysis from tissues using MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging.

Summary N-glycans and lipids are structural metabolites that play important roles in cellular processes. Both show unique regional distribution in tissues; therefore, spatial analyses of these metabolites are crucial to our understanding of cellular physiology. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is an innovative technique that enables in situ detection of analytes with spatial distribution. This workflow details a MALDI-MSI protocol for the spatial profiling of N-glycans and lipids from tissues following application of enzyme and MALDI matrix. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Drake et al. (2018) and Andres et al. (2020) .
Data-driven gated PET/CT: implications for lesion segmentation and quantitation.

BACKGROUND Data-driven gating (DDG) can improve PET quantitation and alleviate many issues with patient motion. However, misregistration between DDG-PET and CT may occur due to the distinct temporal resolutions of PET and CT and can be mitigated by DDG-CT. Here, the effects of misregistration and respiratory motion on PET quantitation and lesion segmentation were assessed with a new DDG-PET/CT method. METHODS A low-dose cine-CT was acquired in misregistered regions to enable both average CT (ACT) and DDG-CT. The following were compared: (1) baseline PET/CT, (2) PET/ACT (attenuation correction, AC = ACT), (3) DDG-PET (AC = helical CT), and (4) DDG-PET/CT (AC = DDG-CT). For DDG-PET, end-expiration (EE) data were derived from 50% of the total PET data at 30% from end-inspiration. For DDG-CT, EE phase CT data were extracted from cine-CT data by lung Hounsfield unit (HU) value and body contour. A total of 91 lesions from 16 consecutive patients were assessed for changes in standard uptake value (SUV), lesion glycolysis (LG), lesion volume, centroid-to-centroid distance (CCD), and DICE coefficients. RESULTS Relative to baseline PET/CT, median changes in SUVmax ± σ for all 91 lesions were 20 ± 43%, 26 ± 23%, and 66 ± 66%, respectively, for PET/ACT, DDG-PET, and DDG-PET/CT. Median changes in lesion volume were 0 ± 58%, - 36 ± 26%, and - 26 ± 40%. LG for individual lesions increased for PET/ACT and decreased for DDG-PET, but was not different for DDG-PET/CT. Changes in mean HU from baseline PET/CT were dramatic for most lesions in both PET/ACT and DDG-PET/CT, especially for lesions with mean HU < 0 at baseline. CCD and DICE were both affected more by motion correction with DDG-PET than improved registration with ACT or DDG-CT. CONCLUSION As misregistration becomes more prominent, the impact of motion correction with DDG-PET is diminished. The potential benefits of DDG-PET toward accurate lesion segmentation and quantitation could only be fully realized when combined with DDG-CT. These results impress upon the necessity of ensuring both misregistration and motion correction are accounted for together to optimize the clinical utility of PET/CT.
Parenting in a Pandemic: Juggling Multiple Roles and Managing Technology Use in Family Life During COVID-19 in the United States

The COVID-19 pandemic upended the lives of families with young children as school closures and social distancing requirements left caregivers struggling to facilitate educational experiences, maintain social connections, and ensure financial stability. Considering families' increased reliance on technology to survive, this research documents parents' lived experiences adapting to technology's outsized role alongside other shifts in family life associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe a 10-week study with 30 enrolled families with children aged 3 to 13 in the United States using the asynchronous remote communities (ARC) methodology to 1) understand the benefits and challenges faced by families as they adapted technology at home to navigate the pandemic, and 2) to ideate improvements to those experiences through co-design. We found that amidst gaps in infrastructural support from schools, workplaces, and communities, parents experienced deep anxiety and took on new roles, including tech support, school administrator, and curator of meaningful activities for their children. As parents shared bold and creative technology-based solutions for improving family well-being, schooling experiences, social life, and beyond, they demonstrated their capacity to contribute to new models of learning and family life. Our findings are a call to action for CSCW researchers, designers, and family-focused practitioners to work with learning communities that incorporate parent, teacher, and technology experiences in their academic and community planning.
Abstract #4902: CD44, CD29 and CD133 as potential markers for Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)

Introduction: Recent work indicates the there is a small subpopulation of malignant stem cells that are responsible for the initiation, growth, recurrence and metastasis of solid tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region (HNSCC). Cells with stem cell characteristics have also been identified in cell lines derived from other cancers. The aim of the present work was to characterize stem cell markers in HNSCC cell lines. Methods: The ATCC SCC 9, 15, and 25 established cell lines were examined for their pattern of colony morphologies, expression of the putative stem cell markers CD44, CD133 and CD29 by FACS analysis and their ability to form spheroids in the absence of attachments. To determine the relationship of CD44 expression to cisplatin sensitivity in vitro, two stable CD44 expressing clones were created in the established ATCC SCC25 cell line and were analyzed for cisplatin sensitivity. Results: All HNSCC established cell lines showed a holoclone/meroclone/paraclone series of colony morphologies and formed spheres when cultured in suspension. Re-passaging of primary spheres of all cell lines showed the ability to form secondary spheres with an increase in the total number of spheres. When cells from secondary spheres were dissociated and plated into standard tissue culture plates, they adhered and formed colonies with mainly holoclone morphologies. FACS analysis of the primary \#8216;cancer spheroids\#8217; showed a co-expression of high levels of CD44 and CD29, but only a very small fraction of highly expressing CD133 showed high co-expression of CD44 or CD29. The average IC50 (drug dose to inhibit 50% of cell growth) for the HNSCC cell line with no expression of CD44 was Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4902.
Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Relations in Amphibian Development

Publisher Summary Interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm are of the greatest importance in all stages of amphibian development. Long before fertilization, preparations begin in the slowly growing oocyte for the creation of a definite organization of the egg cytoplasm, which is revealed as soon as the egg becomes available for experimentation, at the time of fertilization. These preparations are made under the control of the oocyte nucleus, which manifests its participation in these activities in structural changes involving both the nucleoli and the chromosomes. The latter interrupt meiosis in the diplotene stage and transform into the diffuse “lampbrush” chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, histochemical tests uncover a pattern of a variety of substances and the existence of “microsomes,” which operate as centers of enzymatic activity. Once the egg is mature and fertilization is initiated, again numerous problems of nucleo-cytoplasmic relations arise, such as the nature of the interactions between the sperm head and the egg cytoplasm, between the sperm and egg nuclei, and the mechanism of the inhibition of accessory sperm nuclei in the normally polyspermic eggs of urodeles.
Hybrid microtubules from mixtures of human fibroblast homogenates and chick brain microtubules. Absence of high molecular weight associated proteins.

Abstract Microtubules have been assembled from a mixture of chick-brain microtubule protein and total soluble protein of cultured human fibroblasts. In this system microtubules were assembled which did not have any high molecular weight (HMW) microtubule-associated protein (MAP). Since the fibroblasts were human in origin, the hybrid microtubules were compared to microtubules assembled from human brain, which do include HMW-MAPs. To determine whether HMW-MAP is unique to brain, microtubules were assembled from mixtures of soluble proteins from non-neural mouse organs and chick brain microtubules. These hybrid microtubules contain similar HMW-MAPs to those of the chick brain alone. The absence of HMW-MAPs from the hybrid microtubules does not appear to be due to proteolysis. SDS-gel electrophoresis of all fractions prepared during the process of assembly of the hybrid microtubules reveals that the HMW-MAPs of the mixture are sedimented away from disassembled microtubules during the first centrifugation. The exclusion of the HMW-MAPs from the hybrid microtubules suggests that the assembly process in these mixtures, and in fibroblasts, may be qualitatively different from that found in extracts from brain and other organs.
The X-Ray Emission of TAU SCO, BO V, and the Problems Posed for Embedded Shock Models

Main sequence OB-stars are useful for testing X-ray source models, because the mass loss rates are low as compared to those of the OB supergiants and the Of stars hence the winds are optically thin at nearly all frequencies. We are therefore able to detect the emission from all parts of the outer atmosphere and not be concerned that some source regions are attenuated from our view. The analyses of the X-ray emission and the ultraviolet line profiles are relatively straight-forward.
Cation Transport in Bacteria: K+, Na+, and H+

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses concepts and techniques originating outside the bacterial world, and especially upon Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotie hypothesis. It aims to construct a framework to hang the present and future experimental data on. The chapter describes the balance of the charge account and with the physical state of the cytoplasmic ions. It discusses the use of ionophores. It also discusses the theoretical concepts, surveys methods for measuring membrane potentials and then turns to the emerging evidence for electrogenic proton transport as the metabolic basis of electrical potentials across bacterial membranes. The emerging evidence for electrogenic transport of protons by vectorial ATPase and a respiratory chain, with the generation of an electrical potential across the plasma membrane are discussed. The chapter discusses the transport of the alkali metal ions and the interrelationship of the cation fluxes. It also discusses the significance of the cations transport process.
Multiscalar model for the determination of spatially explicit riparian vegetation roughness

[1] Improved understanding of the connection between riparian vegetation and channel change requires evaluating how fine-scale interactions among stems, water, and sediment affect larger scale flow and sediment transport fields. We propose a spatially explicit model that resolves patch-scale (submeter) patterns of hydraulic roughness over the reach scale caused by stands of shrubby riparian vegetation. We worked in tamarisk-dominated stands on the Yampa and Green Rivers in Dinosaur National Monument, northwestern Colorado, USA, where questions remain regarding the role of vegetation in inducing or exacerbating documented channel changes. Hydraulic roughness patterns were derived from patch-scale measurements made with detailed terrestrial laser scan (TLS) data that were extrapolated to reach scales based on correlation with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) (ALS) data. Two-dimensional, patch-scale, hydraulic models were used to parameterize the stage dependence of hydraulic roughness of typical patch types (i.e., sparse, moderate, and dense patches). We illustrate the value of using this approach to characterize vegetation roughness by applying our results to a two-dimensional hydraulic model of flow for one of our study sites. Results from this work predict that the roughness of vegetated floodplains increases with flow depth and is dependent on patch-scale stem organization. Geomorphically relevant patterns (i.e., areas of low or high shear stress that are likely to scour or fill during high flows) become apparent with the detail introduced by spatially explicit, depth-dependent roughness. To our knowledge, the multiscalar analysis presented here is the first to mechanistically account for shrubby riparian vegetation stand structure, and associated hydraulic roughness of vegetation patches, at the reach scale.
'Almost Wholly Negative': The Ford Foundation's Appraisal of the Virginia School

In 1960 the Thomas Jefferson Center [TJC] of the University of Virginia applied for a “massive” grant from the Ford Foundation. Although James Buchanan, Warren Nutter and Ronald Coase had all received grants from Ford, Ford turned down their proposal because of the Center’s unified “point of view.” We report on correspondence and private discussions of the events. Following the submission of their proposal, Buchanan, Nutter and then President of UVA, Edgar Shannon met with representatives of the Ford Foundation, Tom Carroll and Kermit Gordon. Buchanan concluded that the “reaction of the Ford representatives must be considered to have been almost wholly negative.” The crux of the matter, in Gordon’s assessment was the TJC reflected “a single ‘point of view’.” As the conversation unfolded, it became clear to the UVA representatives that by this the Foundation officials meant a narrow ideological perspective, one in line with Chicago-style economics. Buchanan attempted to dispel this conclusion, arguing that the program was “sufficiently broad” to “encompass wide and divergent points of view.” Coase was particularly incensed by allegation of ideological narrowness since, as he explained, he had close ties to the Fabian Society Despite the attempts of both Coase and Buchanan to defend their proposal, Ford officials turned down the application and the TJC never fully recovered.
Single-step multimodal locoregional treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: balloon-occluded percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation (BO-RFA) plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)

Purpose This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of a new combined single-step therapy in patients with unresectable multinodular unilobar hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with at least one lesion >3 cm, with balloon-occluded radiofrequency ablation (BO-RFA) plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of the main lesion and TACE of the other lesions. The second purpose of our study was to compare the initial effects in terms of tumour necrosis of this new combined therapy with those obtained in a matched population treated with TACE alone in a singlestep treatment in our centre in the previous year.
Modeling and Closed Loop Control for Resource-Constrained Load Balancing with Time Delays in Parallel Computations

Load balancing for parallel computations is modeled as a deterministic dynamic nonlinear time-delay system. This model accounts for the trade-off between using processor time/network bandwidth and the advantage of distributing the load evenly between the nodes to reduce overall processing time. A distributed closed-loop controller is presented to balance load dynamically at each node by using not only the local estimate of the work load of other nodes, but also measurements of the amount of work load in transit. To handle the time varying delays arising in the closed-loop load balancing, a discrete event simulation based on OPNET Modeler is presented and compared with the experiments. Results indicate good agreement between the nonlinear time-delay model and the experiments on a parallel computer network. Moreover, both simulations and experiments show a dramatic increase in performance obtained using the proposed closed loop controller.
Repeated testing in eyewitness memory : A means to improve recall of a negative emotional event

Participants viewed either a violent, arousing film or a non-violent, control version of the same film. After viewing the film, they made three successive attempts to recall details of the event. Participants who were exposed to the negative emotional event were better than control participants at recalling details of the event itself, but they were worse at recalling details that preceded or followed the violence. Both groups of participants recalled significantly more information over successive recall attempts, suggesting that memory impairment due to arousal can be alleviated by repeated testing. Repeated testing was also associated with a small but reliable increase in memory intrusions. The implications of these findings for research on hypermnesia and on the relationship between arousal and memory are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Genetic Determinants of the Sexual Dimorphism in CNS Autoimmunity

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system that affects approximately 2.3 million individuals worldwide, with higher prevalence in females, and a strong genetic component. While over 200 MS susceptibility loci have been identified in GWAS, the underlying mechanisms whereby they contribute to disease susceptibility remains ill-defined. Forward genetics approaches using conventional laboratory mouse strains are useful in identifying and functionally dissecting genes controlling disease-relevant phenotypes, but are hindered by the limited genetic diversity represented in such strains. To address this, we have combined the powerful chromosome substitution (consomic) strain approach with the genetic diversity of a wild-derived inbred mouse strain. Using experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, we evaluated genetic control of disease course among a panel of 26 consomic strains of mice inheriting chromosomes from the wild-derived PWD strain on the C57BL/6J background, which models the genetic diversity seen in human populations. Nineteen linkages on 18 chromosomes were found to harbor loci controlling EAE. Of these 19 linkages, six were male-specific, four were female-specific, and nine were non-sex-specific, consistent with a differential genetic control of disease course between males and females. An MS-GWAS candidate-driven bioinformatic analysis using orthologous genes linked to EAE course identified sex-specific and non-sex-specific gene networks underlying disease pathogenesis. An analysis of sex hormone regulation of genes within these networks identified several key molecules, prominently including the MAP kinase family, known hormone-dependent regulators of sex differences in EAE course. Importantly, our results provide the framework by which consomic mouse strains with overall genome-wide genetic diversity, approximating that seen in humans, can be used as a rapid and powerful tool for modeling the genetic architecture of MS. Moreover, our data represent the first step towards mechanistic dissection of genetic control of sexual dimorphism in CNS autoimmunity.
Fibrositis/fibromyalgia: A form of myofascial trigger points?

The diagnostic criteria for fibrositis and primary fibromyalgia are similar to those for myofascial pain syndromes due to trigger points. Tender points in muscles are likely to be myofascial trigger points; nonmuscular tender points clearly are not myofascial trigger points, but may be areas of tenderness referred from such trigger points. Myofascial trigger points refer pain to a distance and restrict range of motion of the muscle. They are associated with a palpable taut band that exhibits a local twitch response of the muscle, and they are responsive to treatment. Persistence of myofascial trigger points is due to perpetuating factors that can usually be corrected. Although their number is unknown, it is likely that some patients who are diagnosed as having fibrositis/fibromyalgia have multiple myofascial trigger points aggravated by a powerful perpetuating factor and also have a systemic disease process independent of the myofascial trigger points. Since myofascial pain syndromes are treatable, these patients would benefit greatly by identification and relief of the myofascial component of their pain.
Supporting Bulk Synchronous Parallelism in Map-Reduce Queries

One of the major drawbacks of the Map-Reduce (MR) model is that, to simplify reliability and fault tolerance, it does not preserve data in memory across consecutive MR jobs: a MR job must dump its data to the distributed file system before they can be read by the next MR job. This restriction imposes a high overhead to complex MR workflows and graph algorithms, such as PageRank, which require repetitive MR jobs. The Bulk Synchronous Parallelism (BSP) programming model, on the other hand, has been recently advocated as an alternative to the MR model that does not suffer from this restriction, and, under certain circumstances, allows complex repetitive algorithms to run entirely in the collective memory of a cluster. We present a framework for translating complex declarative queries for scientific and graph data analysis applications to both MR and BSP evaluation plans, leaving the choice to be made at run-time based on the available resources. If the resources are sufficient, the query will be evaluated entirely in memory based on the BSP model, otherwise, the same query will be evaluated based on the MR model.
The Application of Resistive Charge Division in Large Proportional Tube Chambers

A proportional tube chamber system has been constructed to instrument a high energy neutrino calorimeter at Fermilab. Each proportional wire chamber consists of a stack of extruded aluminum eight cell 1" × 8" extrusion with a 1/2" cell offset. With these modules 12' × 12', 16' × 16' and 24' × 24' chambers have been constructed. A novel resistive charge division system is used for the position measurement. This system, consists of a number of wires resistively connected in a paralled feeding into two amplifiers, one at each end. From a measurement of the pulse height difference normalized to the pulse height sum, the hit wire is uniquely determined thus giving a lateral position measurement.
Dufek and Rust receive 2010 Hisashi Kuno Award: Citation

[1] Josef Dufek and Alison Rust each received the Hisashi Kuno Award at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, held 13–17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “accomplishments of junior scientists who make outstanding contributions to the fields of volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology.”