cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Une nouvelle génération de surfactants de synthèse

Resume Le developpement et la mise sur le marche de surfactants d’origine bovine ou porcine, comprenant un melange de phospholipides et proteines hydrophobes specifiques SP-B et SP-C, ont revolutionne le traitement de la maladie des membranes hyalines du grand premature. Une nouvelle generation de surfactants synthetiques, constituee de phospholipides et d’analogues peptidiques des proteines specifiques, a recemment emerge. Lucinactant (Surfaxin ® ), un surfactant de synthese constitue par l’addition d’un analogue de la proteine SP-B a des phospholipides, a ete evalue par des essais cliniques controles avec des resultats prometteurs. L’impact de l’emergence de cette nouvelle classe de surfactants est potentiellement majeur. Ces surfactants disponibles en quantite illimitee et a moindre cout ont le potentiel de profondement modifier la prise en charge de la maladie des membranes hyalines dans les 10 prochaines annees.
The Psychology of Residential Mobility: Implications for the Self, Social Relationships, and Well-Being:

Residential mobility is an increasingly important personal and societal issue in both the United States and the world in general. However, it has received relatively limited attention in psychological theorizing and research. This article demonstrates the importance of residential mobility in understanding the self, social relationships, and well-being. Recent research has shown that residential mobility (number of moves for an individual or percentage having moved recently for a neighborhood) is associated with the primacy of the personal over the collective self. It is also associated with "duty-free" friendships and group memberships rather than obligatory friendships and group memberships. Overall, residential mobility is associated with lower levels of well-being at the individual level of analysis. Finally, residential mobility is associated with personal forms of subjective well-being (based on self-esteem, the verification of the personal self) as opposed to interpersonal forms of subjective well-being (based on social support, the verification of the collective selves). In short, residential mobility is a powerful, parsimonious explanatory construct in the self, social relationships, and subjective well-being and may be a key to understanding the future of mind and behavior in the increasingly mobile world.
The Effect of Iopanoic Acid on the Regulation of Thyrotropin Secretion in Euthyroid Subjects

Oral cholecystographic agents induce a decrease in serum T3 and an increase in serum T4 and rT3 concentrations in normal subjects. However, their effect on TSH secretion in man is unclear. In the present study, the serum TSH concentration was increased above baseline values 5 days after the administration of 3 g iopanoic acid (IA) in five of six euthyroid volunteers (an increase of borderline significance), and the TSH response to TRH was significantly augmented after IA administration. In four other euthyroid subjects who had received IA 3 days earlier, the administration of T3 (5 eg, five times daily) for the next 2 days restored the serum T3 concentration toward baseline values and prevented the IA-induced increase in TRHstimulated serum TSH concentrations. It is concluded from the present study that IA enhances pituitary thyrotroph sensitivity to TRH and that this effect may be related, at least in part, to the IA-induced decrease in circulating T3 as well as the previously demonstrated inhibitory eff...
Solitary plasmacytoma of the sternum: Surgical resection with long-term follow-up

Abstract Two patients with solitary plasmacytoma of the sternum were treated with primary surgical resection, Good long-term results were obtained. There is no long-term documentation that primary radiotherapy alone it the treatment of choice for solitary plasmacytomas. An individualized approach is warranted, especially when there is an isolated bulky lesion involving the chest wall.
Cortisol secretion in acidotic and nonacidotic juvenile diabetes mellitus

An attempt was made to determine whether increased cortisol production contributes to the pathogenesis of juvenile diabetes mellitus. Cortisol secretion rates (CSR) were estimated by the in vivo isotope dilution method in 10 children with newly diagnosed diabetes, who were not acutely ill and whose venous blood pH was 7.33 and plasma CO 2 content was 20 mM. per liter. The mean and range of their cortisol secretion rates were no different from those of normal control children. Hyperadrenocorticism apparently plays no role in the pathogenesis of juvenile diabetes mellitus. However, newly diagnosed diabetic children who were acutely ill in diabetic acidosis (venous blood pH ⪯7.30 and plasma CO 2 content ⪯19 mM. per liter) had elevated cortisol secretion rates.
"And I Don't Care What It Is": The Tradition-History of a Civil Religion Proof-Text

carefully protected from the methods of anthropology and sociology used in the study of modern religious movements. The question can be turned around. Why have methods applied to the study of ancient sources - Formgeschichte, Redaktionsgeschichte, Ueberlieferungsgeschichte, or just plain Geschichte-not been focused on contemporary scholarship? I recently had occasion to work through the transmissionhistory of one of the classical proof-texts of American civil religion, and found the territory remarkably like that of the Bible and church fathers where I usually roam. I had reached a point in writing an article at which President Eisenhower's famous/notorious remark about "wanting everybody to have faith but not caring what it was" would make a neat transition. I was tempted to leave it at that, since the general thrust of the remark was all I needed, and I had heard it referred to often enough to be confident that I had got its gist. But I decided that a footnote would lend a certain cachet to the article, so I went in search. The various dictionaries of quotations (Bartlett's 14th ed., Oxford 3rd ed., etc.) were no help. I remembered hearing a friend mention the Eisenhower remark and asked if he recalled where he had seen it. He thought it was probably in Ahlstrom, and sure enough it was. This is what we read in Ahlstrom: "In all of these modes, religion and Americanism were brought together to an unusual degree. This was especially true of the 1950s, when President Eisenhower served for
Conditional mixed models adjusting for non-ignorable drop-out with administrative censoring in longitudinal studies

In this paper, a class of conditional mixed models is proposed to adjust for non-ignorable drop-out, while also accommodating unequal follow-up due to staggered entry and administrative censoring in longitudinal studies. Conditional linear and quadratic models which model subject-specific slopes as linear or quadratic functions of the time-to-drop-out, as well as pattern mixture models are both special cases of this approach. We illustrate these models and compare them with the usual maximum likelihood approach assuming ignorable drop-out using data from a multi-centre randomized clinical trial of renal disease. Simulations under various scenarios where the drop-out mechanism is ignorable and non-ignorable are employed to evaluate the performance of these models.
Autophagy and human disease: emerging themes.

Malfunction of autophagy, the process that mediates breakdown and recycling of intracellular components in lysosomes, has been linked to a variety of human diseases. As the number of pathologies associated with defective autophagy increases, emphasis has switched from the mere description of the status of autophagy in these conditions to a more mechanistic dissection of the autophagic changes. Understanding the reasons behind the autophagic defect, the immediate consequences of the autophagic compromise and how autophagy changes with the evolution of the disease has become a ‘must,’ especially now that manipulation of autophagy is being considered as a therapeutic strategy. Here, we comment on some of the common themes that have emerged from such detailed analyses of the interplay between autophagy and disease conditions.
Epidermal Growth Factor-dependent Regulation of Cdc42 Is Mediated by the Src Tyrosine Kinase

Treatment of cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes the activation of the small GTP-binding protein Cdc42, as well as its phosphorylation in cells. The EGF-dependent phosphorylation of Cdc42 occurs at tyrosine 64 in the Switch II domain and appears to be mediated through the Src tyrosine kinase, because both the expression of a dominant-negative Src mutant (mouse Src(K297R)) and treatment of cells with the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 blocks the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Cdc42, whereas expression of an activated Src mutant (Src(Y529F)) promotes phosphorylation in the absence of EGF treatment. The EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Cdc42 is not required for its activation, nor does it directly affect the interactions of activated Cdc42 with target/effector proteins including PAK, ACK, WASP, or IQGAP. However, the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Cdc42 is accompanied by an enhancement in the interaction of Cdc42 with the Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI). The EGF-stimulated activation of Cdc42 does require activated Src, as well as the Vav2 protein, a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Src catalyzes the tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav2, and overexpression of Vav2 together with activated Src (Src(Y529F)) can completely bypass the need for EGF to promote the activation of Cdc42. Thus, EGF signaling through Src appears to have dual regulatory effects on Cdc42: 1) it leads to the activation of Cdc42 as mediated by the Vav2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and 2) it results in the phosphorylation of Cdc42, which stimulates the binding of RhoGDI, perhaps to direct the movement of Cdc42 to a specific cellular site to trigger a signaling response, because Cdc42-RhoGDI interactions are essential for Cdc42-induced cellular transformation.
Response of the lens of the galactose-fed rat to YAG laser-induced injury.

Abstract Many investigations have focussed on the response of normal lenses to injury, but almost no attention in this regard has been given to the response of cataractous lenses. We addressed this subject, particularly in regard to cell proliferation, using ‘cataractous’ lenses from rats fed on a galactose-rich diet. Five days after initiation of the 50% d -galactose diet, the anterior aspects of the lenses of these animals were injured by Nd-YAG laser. For up to 5 additional days, the rats were maintained on a 25% d -galactose diet. Similarly injured, control animals were fed on 100% Purina laboratory chow throughout the experimental period. The response of the lenses to injury was assessed by gross examination and by light microscopic examination of paraffin sections and epithelial whole-mounts. By the second day post-injury, the anterior aspect of some of the lenses from galactose-fed rats was characterized by a band of darkly staining structures. Although the average number of mitotic figures of lenses from galactose-fed (GF) rats had increased by 2 days after injury, it still remained below that of injured lenses from normally fed rats. After 5 days, some of the eyes of galactose-fed rats were greatly swollen. At both 2 days and 5 days after injury, lenses of GF rats tended to be characterized by a greatly proliferated epithelium, destruction of lens fibers, and loss of cortical material. Responses of lenses from normally fed rats were far less dramatic. The results suggest that, in the case of lenses made cataractous by a galactose-rich diet, injury is more deleterious, and the response of epithelial cells more intense, than in normal lenses.
The Semantic Web Framework: A Component-Based Framework for the Development of Semantic Web Applications

Semantic Web technology development and reuse is difficult for people outside the research community. This paper presents the Semantic Web Framework, a structure in which Semantic Web applications can be organised and developed. This component-based framework contains the definition of the semantic-related software components that can be used in the development of Semantic Web applications, the dependencies that exist between these components, and the existing implementations of components that can be used in this framework.
KrF(B) quenching by He, Ne, Xe, and NF3

Flash photolysis of KrF2 at 193 nm has been utilized to directly measure the quenching rate constants of KrF(B) molecules by He, Ne, Xe, and NF3. Investigation of the large rate constant measured for the KrF(B)+Xe reaction (≳10−9 cm3 sec−1) verified the XeF(B) state to be a product.
The Effects of Expected and Perceived Receiver Response on Source Attitudes

In a 2 × 2 experimental design, communication sources were given an expectation of the response (positive or negative) they might receive from a group of listeners. As they delivered persuasive messages, they were administered positive or negative nonverbal response by a trained audience. The sources’ attitudes toward their own performances and toward the receivers were measured. As predicted, sources who expected positive response but received negative response apparently restored balance by devaluing their performances, while sources who expected negative response but received positive response apparently restored balance by evaluating the receivers favorably. Cognitive balance theory was generally successful in predicting attitudes of communication sources in a setting where receiver response was manipulated.
Tunneling in quantum wires: Exact solution of the spin isotropic case

We show that the problem of impurity tunneling in a Luttinger liquid of electrons with spin is solvable in the spin isotropic case ${(g}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}=2$, ${g}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ arbitrary). The resulting integrable model is similar to a two-channel anisotropic Kondo model, but with the impurity spin in a ``cyclic representation'' of the quantum algebra $\mathrm{su}{(2)}_{q}$ associated with the anisotropy. Using exact, nonperturbative techniques we study the renormalization-group flow, and compute the dc conductance. As expected from the analysis of Kane and Fisher we find that the IR fixed point corresponds to two separate leads. We also prove an exact duality between the UV and IR expansions of the current at vanishing temperature.
High-Risk, High-Alert Medication Management Practices in a Regional State Psychiatric Facility

BackgroundThe Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that health care organizations identify high-risk, high alert medications and develop specific processes for enh...
ITDS, PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

The integrated traffic data system (ITDS) is a microcomputer‐based system that is designed to allow traffic engineers to store, maintain, and update traffic network information in a centralized data base. The information can then be used to create input data files for some of the widely used traffic simulation and network signal‐timing optimization models. ITDS uses the concept of integrated traffic data base to provide a friendly front‐end (or preprocessor) to the models such as TRAF‐NETSIM and TRANSYT‐7F. This data base provides a means of storing, maintaining, and retrieving the traffic network data in a generic format. In addition, interactive and static graphics display interfaces have been added to further simplify the task of users. The interactive graphics displays allow the user to graphically create or modify the network geometry. On the other hand, the static graphics displays allow the user to see a detailed graphical depiction of the traffic network geometry and data. This paper describes the...
Meromorphic functions and factoriality

Let K be a compact subset of a connected Stein manifold X. We study algebraic properties of the ring of meromorphic functions on X without poles in K.
Cost-Effective Techniques to Control Human Enteropathogens on Fresh Poultry

Abstract Salmonella is a multi-faceted problem that must be attacked on many fronts. The results of Food Safety and Inspection Service’s Puerto Rico Bacterial Control Project confirmed that there is no “silver bullet.” The project showed that a combination of management commitment, process control, and specific interventions at key control points can bring about significant improvements in the bacterial quality of fresh poultry.
Regulation of the appearance of cytoplasmic RNAs from region 1 of the adenovirus 2 genome.

Abstract The time-course of appearance of cytoplasmic RNA species coded by the region 9 to 10.7 on the adenovirus 2 genome (early region 1) has been examined using specific DNA probes. Hybridization with restriction endonuclease fragments of viral DNA resolved five cytoplasmic RNAs. A 22 S RNA contains sequences to the right of map position 4.4. One 13 S RNA (13 SL) maps to the left of this site, while an RNA of similar size (13 Sf) is transcribed from two separate regions to the right of 4.4. Each 13 S RNA shares 3′ sequences with a distinct 9 S RNA. Sequences in 13Sf RNA are also present in the 22 S species. These mapping studies have allowed the identification of probes that can be used to assay each RNA after fractionation by size. During productive infection, each RNA species has a characteristic rate of appearance in the cytoplasm; 22 S and 13 SL RNA accumulate at a constant rate throughout infection. Initially 13 Sf RNA appears at a rate substantially lower than the 22 S and 13 SL, RNAs. At late times accumulation of 13 Sf RNA is stimulated more than 50-fold, until its appearance exceeds that of the other “early” RNAs. The 9 S RNAs are detected only after viral DNA replication begins. The rate of labeling of each approaches that of its colinear 13 S RNA. The results demonstrate a complex regulatory pattern for region 1 RNAs. Regulatory events must account for: (1) continued synthesis of early RNAs at late times; (2) increased accumulation of 13 Sf RNA; (3) the turn on of 9 S synthesis; and (4) balanced rates of appearance of the colinear 13 S and 9 S RNAs at late times.
On the maximal cliques of the quadratic forms graph in even characteristic

Let V denote an n -dimensional vector space over the field of q elements. Associated with V is a graph Quad( n , q ), the vertices of which are the quadratic forms on V , with two forms adjacent if the rank of their difference is 1 or 2. The cliques in Quad( n , q ) of size at least q 2 + q + 3 were determined in [2]. The cliques of size at least q + 4 were characterized in [3] for q odd, q ⩾ 5. In this paper, we address the even characteristic case and provide a classification of all cliques of size at least max{ q + 4, 9).
Dynamic binding in strongly typed programming languages

Abstract Dynamic binding, delaying the binding of a name in a program to an object implementing that name, is generally considered to be a property of weakly typed languages. Many strongly typed languages, however, provide methods to dynamically link subprogram bodies to names, although most require static definition of the alternative bodies to maintain compile-time type checking. In strongly typed languages without this feature, access to operating system facilities is a common substitute, but such a mechanism typically is incompatible with compile-time type checking across the interface to the subprograms. A third approach is needed for dynamic binding of separately compiled subprograms under program control. This approach, incorporated into a language, provides the flexibility of the latter method while maintaining strong typing and is useful in many applications, including data base programming and monolingual programming environments.
Interference with avoidance behavior as a function of qualitative properties of inescapable shocks

Temporal form (continuous vs. pulsating) and shock source (alternating current vs. direct current) were factorially combined to produce four shock treatments. The effects of inescapable presentations of these stimuli on subsequent avoidance response acquisition were measured in dogs (Experiment 1) and in rats (Experiment 2) and revealed an interaction of shock variables. Initially, all groups that received ac shock showed impaired performance for the pulsating and continuous shock conditions; groups that received dc continuous shock were also impaired, while those that received dc pulsating shock were not. While this pattern of interference persisted for dogs, it was transient in rats, with only the ac continuous-shock group continuing to be impaired. Mean avoidance performance were positively related to mean activity levels during inescapable shocks for the dc shock groups but not for the ac shock groups.
Prognostic imaging of neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial neoplasm in children. It represents about 8 % of childhood malignancies and 90% of those affectedare under the age of 5 years. It is an embryonal tumor and develops mostly in the adrenal medulla. It is metastatic and has a high risk of relapse [1–3]. The treatment of the tumor is dependent on several factors including age, stage, location of the tumor and molecular pathology. Diagnosis is made from blood, urine and tissue samples using different biomarkers, and is completed with in vivo imaging studies. In vivo imaging studies play a central role in selection of the therapeutic approach as well as in following the therapeutic response [4]. They can also be used to obtain prognostic estimates of disease progression. Several radiological imaging modalities are used in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Traditionally CT has been the first method of choice. Concerns about the radiation burden in children have resulted in the use of other imaging modalities including MRI and ultrasonography. The information obtained with all these imaging modalities consists of anatomical localization, estimation of the tumor size and detection of metastases based on the contrast in relation to the surrounding tissue. CT imaging is based on x-rays and electron density while MRI isbased onprotondensity, and ultrasonography on the speed of sound in tissue. Although these imaging modalities are the first interventions used for diagnosis, they provide only secondary information on the stage of the malignancy based on the spread of metastases. The INRG (International Neuroblastoma Risk Group) has published guidelines on the imaging and staging of neuroblastic tumors with the aim of optimizing imaging and uniform reporting for staging [5]. Children with an abdominal or pelvic mass should be initially investigated by ultrasonography due to its noninvasive nature and widespread availability. MRI and CT studies are recommended for further evaluation of the primary tumor. Functional imaging with nuclear medicine imaging techniques is gaining importance for staging neuroblastic tumors and for the selection of a personalized therapeutic approach, and even to obtain prognostic estimates of disease progression. Since the presently used methods for making prognostic estimates of the disease are heavily based on semiquantitative analyses of nuclear medicine imaging enhanced with anatomical information obtained by CT or MRI, it is imperative to deeply evaluate which basic technical factors affect nuclear medicine imaging data [2, 6]. The most important factor in nuclear medicine imaging is the biological problem to be investigated (e.g. a biological dysfunction, the presence of tumor,etc.).Thefunctionalbiochemistryoftheproblemunder investigation may allow selection of a biomarker and of a possible detection ligand (drug). A method for the radiosynthesis of the drug then needs to be established and a radioisotopeselected,whichwill indicatethemostappropriate
Abstract 3121: A novel molecular mechanism for HER2-induced sustained signaling and transformation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC HER2 overexpression in breast and other tumors leads to an aggressive disease state and poor prognosis for patient survival. It is believed that increased cell growth and survival signaling induced by HER2 is responsible for the aggressive disease state and unfavorable outcome. The peculiarity of HER2 among the four EGFR family members is that even a modest expression leads to cell transformation, while similar expression of the other members does not. But how HER2 overcomes the receptor regulatory mechanism to induce constitutive signaling and cell transformation is virtually unknown. Here, we show that HER2 induces distinctive EGFR autophosphorylation that disfavors c-Cbl and RasGAP, but favors Gab1/2, PLCγ, SHP2 and PI3K interactions. We further show that HER2 expression leads to reduced interaction of Grb2 with EGFR-HER2 complexes, an effect that further reduces the interaction c-Cbl. The inefficient interaction of c-Cbl confers receptor resistance to EGF-induced degradation, while the reduced interaction with RasGAP leads to an increase in the half live activated Ras. Therefore, the molecular mechanism by which HER2 confers sustained signaling and cell transformation is by inducing distinctive receptor autophosphorylation that favors receptor recycling and prolon Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3121.
Institutional development, economic liberalisation and firm internationalisation

This study investigates whether differences between developing countries in the extent of institutional development and economic liberalisation explain some variation in the internationalisation patterns of their firms. We suggest that these countries experience a trade-off between inward and outward firm internationalisation decisions. We use a sample of 6,877 firms across 59 developing countries and hierarchical linear modelling to examine the effect of country-level factors on firm internationalisation variables. We find that institutional development is related to outward internationalisation whereas economic liberalisation is associated with inward internationalisation. Younger firms are more likely to take advantage of globalisation opportunities provided by reform.
Citation patterns in instructional development literature

The field of instructional development is diverse in both its foundations and practice. Within the field there are a number of different approaches. This article reports on a study of the citations in the ID literature that identifies patterns among those citations. Those patterns, referred to as invisible colleges, represent groups of individuals who are linked by a common set of ideas or a common approach. Authors who are repeatedly cited together form the hub of these invisible college networks and exert the most influence. This particular study found eight invisible colleges in the ID field and ten authors who seem to dominate the literature. As a whole, the ID literature was weakly based on previous work and included a great many reports from developers working on their own ideas with little regard for the work of others that had gone on before.
Clocking and clocked storage elements in a multi-gigahertz environment

Clocking considerations and the design of clocked storage elements are discussed in this paper. We present a systematic approach for deriving a clocked storage element suitable for "time borrowing" and absorption of clock uncertainties. We explain how to compare different clocked storage elements with each other, and discuss issues related to power consumption and low-power designs. Finally, results of comparisons among representative designs are presented.
Studies of quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells in non-human primates

Abstract Well documented differences exist between murine and primate hematopoiesis, therefore we examined the quiescence of PHSC in vivo by continuous oral bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) administration to baboons in unperturbed and perturbed states. CD34+ cells from bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) were fractionated based upon relative fluorescence of Hoechst (Ho) and Rhodamine (Rho). HoLow/RhoLow cells contained the highest frequency of cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFCs). Within 1 week of BrdU feeding more than 90% of granulocytes but only 2% of HoLow/RhoLow cells were BrdU+. The BrdU labeling HoLow/RhoLow cells never exceeded 26% and 44% despite 52 and 61 weeks of BrdU feeding respectively during steady state. Granulocytes (>90%) from one of these animals remained BrdU labeled despite withdrawal of BrdU for more than 1 month, confirming that indeed granulocytes are derived from previously labeled progenitors. To determine the cell cycle status of HSC during stress, two additional baboons were given G-CSF alone (100μg/kg × 5 days), one baboon was given SCF (25 μg/kg/day, day 1–8) and G-CSF (100 μg/kg/day day 4–8), and one baboon was given thrombopoietin alone (TPO, 2.5 μg/kg/day × 14 days). During this period these animals were also fed with BrdU continuously. Following administration of G-CSF alone 18% of the HoLow/RhoLow cells were BrdU+ in the mobilized peripheral blood (MPB). SCF alone resulted in only 3% of HoLow/RhoLow cells undergoing cell division, however, when G-CSF was combined with SCF, 34% of HoLow/RhoLow cells acquired BrdU labeling. Although TPO did not effectively mobilize HSC, 27% of BM HoLow/RhoLow cells were labeled with BrdU after 6 days. Since the majority of HSCs in steady state BM were quiescent, these findings are consistent with the clonal succession hypothesis. Our studies provide a direct evidence in a large animal model that hematopoietic stress induced by growth factors leads to a rapid increase in the proportion of cycling HSCs within few days. The presence of BrdU+ cells in MPB suggests that PHSCs cycle in the BM following cytokine administration and then mobilize into the PB where they re-enter the quiescent phase. Indeed, a significant proportion of HoLow/RhoLow cells present in MPB were not labeled with BrdU, which suggest that HSC mobilization is independent of cell cycle status. The quiescence of PHSC in baboons and the potential of growth factors to perturb the quiescence may provide insights regarding human clinical therapies involving HSC. These studies likely more closely portray the behavior of human PHSCs than studies reported in mice.
Review and hypothesis: does Graves' disease develop in non-human great apes?

Background: Graves' disease, caused by stimulatory thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies, has not been observed in animals. In contrast, Hashimoto's thyroiditis develops in chickens, rats, mice, dogs, and marmosets. Attempts to induce an immune response in mice to the luteinizing-hormone receptor suggested that autoantigen glycosylation was one parameter involved in breaking self-tolerance. Over evolution, TSHR glycosylation increased from three asparagine-linked-glycans (N-glycans) in fish to six N-glycans in humans and great apes. All other placental mammals lack one N-glycan in the shed TSHR A-subunit, the primary Graves' disease autoantigen. We hypothesized that (a) lesser TSHR A-subunit glycosylation reduces immunogenicity, accounting for the absence of Graves' disease in most placental mammals; (b) due to human-like A-subunit glycosylation, Graves' disease might arise in great apes. Here, we review and analyze the literature on this subject and report the results of a survey of veterinarians at...
Initial validation of a self-report measure of perceptions of interpersonal attraction

Abstract We examine psychometric properties and validity of the Perceptions of Attraction scale (POA). Responses of undergraduate students (N = 510) indicate that the POA has high reliability and a coherent factor structure comprising two dimensions of feelings of attraction toward others and perceptions of attraction from others that explain 67% of response variance. POA scores are correlated with social skills and extraversion, but not related to other personality dimensions. POA scores are predictive of outcomes in current romantic relationships (n = 160).
Minimally invasive thoracic decompression for multi-level thoracic pathologies.

Abstract We describe our experience using a minimal access approach for multi-level dorsal decompression of the thoracic spine that may limit approach-related soft-tissue injury and spinal destabilization. Additionally, three patients, each with unique compressive thoracic pathology, are discussed. A single minimal access technique, using multi-level hemilaminotomies, was used to address these unique pathologies via a similar approach. The three patients in this study had a mean age of 49.3 years (range: 45–55 years), mean estimated blood loss of 750 cc (range: 350–1000 cc), mean operative time of 3.8 hours (range: 3–5 hours), and a mean post-operative hospital stay of 2.3 days (range: 2–3 days). Complete decompression was achieved with resolution of symptoms in all patients. Long-term follow-up averaged 26.7 months (range: 15–36 months). Radiographic decompression was demonstrated in all patients. Minimal access techniques using muscle-splitting tubular retractor systems can effectively treat multi-level dorsal compression of the thoracic cord, while potentially limiting morbidity and long-term spinal instability.
Effects of bottom relief in two-dimensional oceanic eddy diffusion models

Abstract Two-dimensional diffusion-reaction equation for a steady state, (∂/∂x)(Kx∂C/∂x) + (∂/∂z)(Kz∂C/∂z) − λC = 0, was used to investigate theoretically the effects of horizontal (Kx) and vertical (Kz) eddy diffusivities in the presence of bottom relief, on the concentrations of dissolved species transported by diffusional flux from sediments to the overlying water. Two types of the bottom relief, having dimensions comparable to the dimensions of the water column, were considered: (1) a basin, and (2) a continental shelf. In a basin, distribution of a dissolved species of short half-life (in the example used,222Rn, half-life 3.8 days) is, as expected, strongly affected by the eddy diffusional structure of the water body: for a given bottom shape and vertical eddy diffusivity, a higher horizontal diffusivity produces distribution more uniform horizontally. However, estimates ofKz based on one-dimensional vertical concentration profiles, depend on the horizontal eddy turbulence (Kx) in the basin. For the water overlying continental shelf and slope, a model based on the228Ra flux from sediments and eddy-diffusional anisotropy of the water, produces concentrations in the surface water comparable to the values reported in the literature. In general, steady-state concentrations of radionuclides (or reactive species) in diffusionally anisotropic bodies of water are affected by the topographic relief of the bottom.
Variable grid scheme for discontinuous grid spacing and derivatives

Abstract A Crank-Nicolson type finite-difference scheme is developed for solving boundary layer flows on arbitrary grids and with jumps in viscosity and density. The method is applied to the similar equations and two approaches are obtained depending upon the linearization of terms. One of these approaches can be developed from the box scheme formulation. In some cases, difference relations for derivatives are those obtained in the variable grid scheme developed previously. Numerical solution verify that the difference techniques have second-order behavior as the grid system is refined. A wall velocity gradient relation is determined which gives second-order accuracy for all grids considered.
Influence of Forskolin on the Parathyroid Hormone Dependent Adenylate Cyclase System of Canine Kidney: Evidence for Noncatalytic Effects of Forskolin*

The present studies examined the effects of for-skolin on the PTH responsive adenylate cyclase system of canine basolateral renal cortical membranes. This agent is a potent activator of adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of intact cells and broken cell preparations. Initially forskolin was believed to activate adenylate cyclase by direct stimulation of the catalytic unit of the enzyme. Several observations, however, have suggested that there may be additional noncatalytic sites of action. In the present studies, forskolin was found to increase PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by 4-fold associated with a 2-fold decrease in the Kact for PTH (dose of PTH required for half-maximal enzyme stimulation). Studies of the interaction of forskolin with magnesium revealed that forskolin resulted in a dose dependent increase in the affinity of adenylate cyclase for magnesium. A short lag was observed in the onset of enzyme activation by forskolin. The lag was decreased as Mg++ concentration was increased. Th...
Purification and molecular weight determination of glucose-6- -phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme from mouse and drosophila.

Abstract A facile two-step procedure was employed for simultaneous purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme from mouse (strain DBA 2J ) and Drosophila melanogaster. This involved the use of an 8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-2′,5′-ADP-Sepharsoe affinity column chromatography followed by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The native and subunit molecular weights of these two homogeneous enzymes were determined by gel-filtration chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From this study, it was concluded that the two enzymes are tetrameric and have native molecular weights between 200,000 and 280,000 in both species.
Mechanisms, predictors, and trends of electrical failure of Riata leads

Background Riata and Riata ST implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads have been shown to be prone to structural and electrical failure. Objective To determine predictors, mechanisms, and temporal patterns of Riata/ST lead electrical failure. Methods All 314 patients who underwent Riata/ST lead implantation at our institution with greater than or equal to 90 days of follow-up were studied. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of lead survival was performed. Results from the returned product analysis of explanted leads with electrical lead failure were recorded. Results During a median follow-up of 4.1 years, the Riata lead electrical failure rate was 6.6%. The rate of externalized conductors among failed leads was 57%. The engineering analysis of 10 explanted leads revealed 5 (50%) leads with electrical failure owing to breach of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene conductor coating. Female gender (hazard ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval 1.1–6.7; P = .04) and age (hazard ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.92–0.97; P Conclusions Younger age and female gender are independent predictors of Riata lead failure. Loss of integrity of conductor cables with ethylene tetrafluoroethylene coating is an important mode of electrical failure of the Riata lead. Further study of Riata lead failure trends is warranted to guide lead management.
Social ePortfolios as the new course management system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the practicality of a new portfolio design that incorporates distributed content, emphasizes student ownership, encourages social learning, and acknowledges the central importance of ease of use.Design/methodology/approach – The approach's practicality is demonstrated through survey results and usage logs from two case studies.Findings – Students enjoy using this system, and report that its social aspects improve their academic performance and motivation. They also report it as being more social than their past experiences with BlackBoard.Originality/value – The paper provides support for a vision of distributed educational software centered on portfolios, anchored by course tools, connected to assessment outcomes, and opened for public learning.
Conversion of a Zinc Disilazide to a Zinc Hydride Mediated by LiCl

An unusual β-elimination reaction involving zinc(II) and LiCl is reported. LiCl and a coordinatively saturated disilazido zinc compound form an adduct that contains activated SiH moieties. In THF/toluene mixtures, this adduct is transformed into a zinc hydride and 0.5 equiv. cyclodisilazane. The Li+ and Cl− ions apparently affect the reaction pathway of the disilazido zinc in a synergistic fashion. Thus, the zinc hydride and cyclodisilazane products of formal β-elimination are not observed upon treatment of the zinc disilazide with Cl− or Li+ separately.
Comparison of boundary-fitted coordinates with finite-element approach for solution of conduction problems

This paper compares the boundary-filled coordinates/finite-difference scheme with a finite-element method for solving transient conduction problems in complex geometries. Various boundary conditions are considered on two-dimensional bodies with square and completely circular cross sections and a circular airfoil cross section. Wherever possible, the temperature distribution obtained numerically using both methods is compared with the analytic solution. For an identical mesh system, the boundary-fitted coordinates approach is found to be more accurate and economical in terms of both computational time and storage requirement than the finite-element method. A parametric study of the conduction problem for various heat generation rates and Biot numbers has been performed.
Electrocardiogram risk stratification of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes

During acute myocardial ischemia and after reperfusion, various changes in the QRS complexes, ST segments, and the T waves can be detected on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (Fig. 1). The standard badmission Q or benrollment Q 12-lead ECG is only a snapshot that may miss some of the transient ischemic changes that can be detected with continuous ECG recording, especially in patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). Nevertheless, there have been attempts to use this badmissionQ or benrollmentQ ECG for risk stratification and triage of patients with NSTEACS. Most studies have concentrated on the ST segment. Some have also assessed the significance of T-wave inversion. Although acute ischemia may also affect the QRS complexes (QRS duration; Q-wave, R-wave, and S-wave amplitude; and QRS axis), except of the general notion that presence of abnormal Q waves on admission may be associated with lower myocardial reserves and poorer outcome, this spectrum of ischemic ECG changes has been less investigated. Several different approaches have been used to try to quantify all these ECG changes. One approach is to concentrate on 1 variable and to compare patients with and without such ECG changes (eg, patients with and without T-wave inversion) or to use simple correlation or linear regression models (eg, sum of ST depression, number of leads with ST depression, etc). However, the initial assumption underlying this approach is inaccurate. The heart is not a sphere and the various ECG leads are not bsamplingQ identical portions of the heart. Therefore, ischemic myocardial areas of similar size may cause different absolute amount of ST depression in different number of leads depending on the exact location of ischemic zone (anterior vs lateral vs inferior). Moreover, because the
CENTER-ADJUSTED INFERENCE FOR A NONPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN RANDOM EFFECT DISTRIBUTION

Dirichlet process (DP) priors are a popular choice for semiparametric Bayesian random effect models. The fact that the DP prior implies a non-zero mean for the random effect distribution creates an identifiability problem that complicates the interpretation of, and inference for, the fixed effects that are paired with the random effects. Similarly, the interpretation of, and inference for, the variance components of the random effects also becomes a challenge. We propose an adjustment of conventional inference using a post-processing technique based on an analytic evaluation of the moments of the random moments of the DP. The adjustment for the moments of the DP can be conveniently incorporated into Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations at essentially no additional computational cost. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed inference procedure in both a linear mixed model and a logistic linear mixed effect model. We illustrate the method by applying it to a prostate specific antigen dataset. We provide an R function that allows one to implement the proposed adjustment in a post-processing step of posterior simulation output, without any change to the posterior simulation itself.
Left Ventricular Dimension Decrement Index Early After LVAD Implantation: A Novel Risk Marker for Late Pump Thrombosis

Purpose: Early risk stratification for pump thrombosis in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy remains challenging. We hypothesized that the decrement in LV size prior to discharge after device implantation is associated with increased risk of pump thrombosis. Methods: In 65 patients (age 59±11 years, 79% men, 45% destination therapy) discharged alive without evidence of thrombosis or other device malfunction following first HeartMate II LVAD implantation (January 2011-June 2014), LV dimensions in end-diastole (LVIDd) and end-systole (LVIDs) were compared between pre-implantation and optimal set speed predischarge echocardiography. LV dimension decrement indices (preoperative dimension optimal set speed dimension divided by preoperative dimension x100) for LVIDd [LVIDdDI] and LVIDs [LVIDsDI] were calculated. Patients were followed for occurrence of confirmed or suspected (lactate dehydrogenase > 1000IU/l or 2.5x upper limit of normal ± evidence of pump dysfunction) LVAD thrombosis for the duration of therapy through November 2014. Results: Incidence of pump thrombosis was 0.07 per-patient-year (n= 18 patients overall). Median time to event was 8 (IQR 2, 17) months. Baseline preoperative LVIDd (p= 0.73) and LVIDs (p= 0.84) were similar between patients with and without LVAD thrombosis. Mean set speed (9240±300 vs. 9190±380 rpms, p= 0.60), other ramp parameters, and change in right heart indices between preoperative and set speed studies did not differ between groups. However, LVIDdDI (18±13 vs. 25±11%, p= 0.04) and LVIDsDI (16±16 vs. 28±13%, p= 0.006) were significantly lower in the pump thrombosis compared to no thrombosis group. On ROC curve analysis, AUC for association with LVAD thrombosis was 0.67 (0.52-0.82, p= 0.04) for LVIDdDI and 0.69 (0.55-0.83, p= 0.02) for LVIDsDI. A cut-off value of ≤ 15% for both indices had sensitivities of 82% (LVIDdDI) and 84% (LVIDsDI) for predicting pump thrombosis (specificities 41% and 35% respectively). Conclusion: LV Dimension Decrement Index measured at optimized speed setting on predischarge echocardiography is predictive of late pump thrombosis. This novel marker reflects intrinsic limitations to optimization of the LVAD/patient interface and identifies patients in whom more intensive surveillance for pump thrombosis may be indicated.
A Structural-informatics Approach for Tracing β-Sheets: Building Pseudo-Cα Traces for β-Strands in Intermediate-resolution Density Maps

We report the development of two computational methods to assist density map interpretation at intermediate resolutions: sheettracer for building pseudo-C(alpha) models of beta-sheets, and a deconvolution method for enhancing features attributed to major secondary structural elements. Sheettracer is tightly coupled with sheetminer, which was developed to locate sheet densities in intermediate-resolution density maps. The results from sheetminer are used as inputs to sheettracer, which employs a multi-step ad hoc morphological analysis of sheet densities to trace individual strands of beta-sheets. The methods were tested on simulated density maps from 12 protein crystal structures that represent a reasonably complete sampling of sheet morphology. The sheet-tracing results were quantitatively assessed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and rms deviations. Furthermore, sheettracer and the deconvolution method were rigorously tested on experimental maps of the lambda2 protein of reovirus at resolutions of 7.6A and 11.8A. Our results clearly demonstrate the capability of sheettracer in building pseudo-C(alpha) models of beta-sheets in intermediate-resolution density maps and the power of the deconvolution method in enhancing the performance of sheettracer. These computational methods, along with other related ones, should facilitate recognition and analysis of folding motifs from experimental data at intermediate resolutions.