cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revascularization end points in stroke interventional trials : Recanalization versus reperfusion in IMS-I

Background and Purpose—The acute stroke literature lacks a standard convention regarding the critical end point of revascularization. Two distinct parameters may be clinically important: (1) recanalization of the primary arterial occlusive lesion (AOL) and (2) global reperfusion of the distal vascular bed. We sought to determine their relationship in the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) Phase I trial of combined intravenous (IV) and intraarterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Methods—Sixty-one angiograms were reanalyzed using recanalization and reperfusion scores. The AOL Score was defined as: 0no recanalization of the primary occlusion, Iincomplete or partial recanalization of the primary occlusion with no distal flow, IIincomplete or partial recanalization of the primary occlusion with distal flow, or IIIcomplete recanalization of the primary occlusion with distal flow. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Score was defined as: 0no perfusion, 1perfusion past the initial occlusion but no distal branch filling, 2perfusion and incomplete or slow distal branch filling, or 3full perfusion with filling of all distal branches. We compared the 2 scores with one another and with good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Score zero to 2). Results—AOL and TIMI scores showed modest agreement (kappa, 0.30; confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.44). Good clinical outcome was seen in 49% of patients with AOL II/III scores (P0.055) and 54% with TIMI 2/3 scores (P0.019). The 2 methods did not significantly differ in predicting outcome (P0.13). Conclusions—AOL recanalization and TIMI reperfusion scores comparably predict clinical outcome in this treatment paradigm. Other modalities may show different relationships between these 2 revascularization end points. Future studies should distinguish between these parameters semantically and methodologically. (Stroke. 2005;36:2400-2403.)
A randomized trial of suprasternal palpation to determine endotracheal tube position in neonates

Objective: To compare suprasternal palpation, a previously described bedside technique, with standard chest radiography for correct positioning of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in newborn infants. Study design: A randomized single-blinded study in an academic medical center. Preterm and term newborn infants requiring intubation were eligible, provided that they had not had their initial chest roentgenogram (CXR). Infants were randomized to ETT palpation and non-adjustment (Controls), or to ETT palpation and adjustment (Treatment), following digital palpation of the ETT tip in the suprasternal notch. ETT position was considered correct when only the tip of the ETT was palpable in the suprasternal notch. ETT position by CXR was blindly assessed by an experienced pediatric radiologist. Results: Fifty-five infants were enrolled in the delivery room or neonatal intensive care unit. Correct tube placements improved from 48% pre-study to 85 and 93% in the Control and Treatment arms, respectively. The majority of incorrect estimations were that the ETT position using palpation was judged to be too low when it was, in fact, in correct position, as noted in 11 infants. ETT palpation had a 70% concordance with the position determined by CXR. No difficulties or complications were associated with the use of suprasternal palpation. Conclusions: Suprasternal palpation is a simple, safe, teachable, method of confirming ETT position in neonates when CXR is unavailable, and may especially helpful during neonatal resuscitation prior to surfactant administration.
Behavioral pathology in Alzheimer's disease (BEHAVE–AD) rating scale.

Before the development of the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (BEHAVE-AD) rating scale in 1987 by Reisberg and colleagues and its predecessor scale, the Symptoms of Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease (SPAD) rating scale, in 1985 by Reisberg and Ferris, other scales were available for measuring behavioral disturbances and psychiatric disorders in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, these scales generally mixed together cognitive disturbances with behavioral symptoms and sometimes included functional impairments as well. These predecessor scales also were not specifically designed to assess the types of behavioral problems seen in Alzheimer's disease. If a scale did address behavioral disturbances of dementia, it tended to be seriously underspecified in terms of the nature of behavioral disturbances.
Active Microwave Classification Of Sea Ice

Radar backscatter studies of Arctic sea ice have been carried out over a number of years with the intent to acquire physical property information through the examination of microwave signatures. The breadth of these studies continues to expand; as an example, measurements are now conducted at frequencies from 500 MHz to about 100 GHz. One of the scientific goals of this work has been to develop an improved outstanding of the scattering processes at play. A second, equally important goal has been to apply the knowledge gained in examining the backscatter response of ice and snow made in conjunction with the detailed scene characterizations, the insight gained through theoretical modeling and parametric study, and the data entered into the radar signature library to develop procedures to convert microwave signal information (available in the very near future) into valuable data products. This should ultimately provide a better understanding of the environment. The author discusses what has been learned through the many efforts associated with the near-surface scatterometer measurement programs and how the knowledge gained is assisting in the development of future sea ice type satellite algorithms. The logic and mechanisms used in discriminating sea ice types are presented.
The onset of receding motion captures attention: comment on Franconeri and Simons (2003).

Franconeri & Simons (2003) reported that some but not all types of motion capture attention in a visual search task, ostensibly because some types of motion are behaviorally significant. In the present article, we argue that a more parsimonious explanation of their results is that the onset of motion, but not motion per se, captures attention. This conclusion helps to resolve inconsistencies between the Franconeri and Simons findings and earlier reports from other investigators and is consistent with results that we have recently reported (Abrams & Christ, 2003). The Franconeri and Simons interpretation rests largely on their failure to find attentional capture by one type of motion—simulated receding motion. We report here the results of two experiments that demonstrate that the onset of receding motion does indeed capture attention when the motion is produced using stereo depth cues. As we have argued elsewhere, the capture of attention in displays containing motion appears to be dependent on the onset of the motion, rather than on the mere presence of specific types of motion as suggested by Franconeri and Simons. One possible explanation is that the onset of motion captures attention because it serves as a strong cue to animacy—and the detection of nearby animals can have important consequences for survival.
Imitation in newborn infants: exploring the range of gestures imitated and the underlying mechanisms

This study evaluated the psychological mechanisms underlying imitation of facial actions in young infants. A novel aspect of the study was that it used a nonoral gesture that had not been tested before (head movement), as well as a tongue-protrusion gesture. Results showed imitation of both displays. Imitation was not limited to the intervals during which the experimenter's movements were displayed; Ss also imitated from memory after the display had stopped. The results established that newborn imitation is not constrained to a few privileged oral movements. The findings support Meltzoff and Moore's hypothesis that early imitation is mediated by an active cross-modal matching process. A common representational code may unite the perception and production of basic human acts.
Scaphoid Excision with Four-Corner Fusion: A Biomechanical Study

Purpose Partial wrist arthrodesis is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of posttraumatic wrist arthritis because of its ability to provide pain relief without sacrificing complete wrist motion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the redistribution of force after four-corner fusion and scaphoid excision, and to correlate the findings with the reported clinical outcomes.
Some Remarks on the Effect of Interphases on the Mechanical Response and Stability of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomers

In filled elastomers, the mechanical behavior of the material surrounding the fillers -termed interphasial material-can be significantly different (softer or stiffer) from the bulk behavior of the elastomeric matrix. In this paper, motivated by recent experiments, we study the effect that such interphases can have on the mechanical response and stability of fiberreinforced elastomers at large deformations. We work out in particular analytical solutions for the overall response and onset of microscopic and macroscopic instabilities in axially stretched 2D fiber-reinforced nonlinear elastic solids. These solutions generalize the classical results of Rosen (1965, “Mechanics of Composite Strengthening,” Fiber Composite Materials, American Society for Metals, Materials Park, OH, pp. 37‐75), and Triantafyllidis and Maker (1985, “On the Comparison between Microscopic and Macroscopic Instability Mechanisms in a Class of Fiber-Reinforced Composites,” J. Appl. Mech., 52, pp. 794‐800), for materials without interphases. It is found that while the presence of interphases does not significantly affect the overall axial response of fiber-reinforced materials, it can have a drastic effect on their stability. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006024]
Pathways of inorganic carbon fixation in the endosymbiont‐bearing lucinid clam Lucinoma aequizonata. Part 1. Purification and characterization of the endosymbiotic bacteria

Two simple techniques by which the sulfur-oxidizing endosymbiotic bacteria may be purified from the bacteriocyte tissues of the marine bivalve Lucinoma aequizonata, are described. Tissue homogenates are prepared from symbiont-containing tissues, and symbionts are recovered by centrifugation through gradients of Percoll density gradient medium. The high density of the endosymbionts (probably because of the presence of numerous sulfur deposits within the cells) allows clean, rapid, and efficient separation of these cells from host cells and cell constituents. Light and electron microscopy and enzymatic and biochemical techniques are used to demonstrate the identity, quality, and purity of the symbiont isolates from this lucinid clam. The techniques described here for L. aequizonata, have also been used successfully to purify sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts from a variety of marine invertebrates, including the bivalves L. annulata, Lucina floridana, Calyptogena magnifica, and Codakia orbicularis, and from the vestimentiferan tubeworms Riftia pachyptila, and Tevnia jerichonana. Such preparations should prove useful for investigating these and similar sulfur-oxidizing symbioses.
The Impact of Tarnished Auditor Reputation on Nonprofit Income

This study focuses on nonprofit clients of Arthur Andersen and investigates the impact of Andersen's loss of reputation on five charity income sources. We find that Arthur Andersen's loss of reputation does not impact nonprofit income. Our results are robust to alternative definitions of nonprofit income including multiple donation and revenue types, as well as organizational characteristics such as year, size, state, industry, organizational age, replacement auditor, and reliance on revenue source. These findings are in contrast to the results reported in for-profit studies that document the loss of market value suffered by shareholders of Andersen's clients. We believe this contribution has interesting implications for both nonprofit organizations and nonprofit researchers who aim to explore the effect accounting firm reputation plays in the nonprofit sector.
The response of two joined quarter spaces to SH line sources located at the material discontinuity interface

SUMMARY Exact analytical solutions to problems of SH line force and line dislocation operating at the interface between two quarter spaces are derived and discussed. It is shown that the resulting fields differ from that of a homogeneous half space in the distribution of travel times, wave amplitudes and polarity of first motions. These effects are documented in the literature. It is, therefore, suggested that when constructing theoretical seismic displacement fields from source, path and site effects, it is important to use response functions that account for material heterogeneity in the source region. An extension of the formulation used in the case of SH line dislocation leads to a 3-D representation theorem which gives the displacement field in terms of the displacement discontinuities along the rupture area. The resulting overall sue scaling parameter is the ‘potency’, which does not suffer from an ambiguity associated with seismic moment in the case of heterogeneous source region.
Writing the New Middle Ages

The epistemological shift represented by postmodernism and its aftermath has liberated Medieval Studies infusing the field with energetic and controversial studies that have made the field one of the more vigorous (and interesting) in the humanities. Play, humor, relativism, indeterminacy, differential repetition (multiple copies as opposed to an original), performative mimesis, postcolonialism, gender, sexuality, and other concepts associated with postmodern sensibility configure contemporary medieval studies in radically different ways from those of earlier paradigms. These studies undertake to define “a new Middle Ages.” This is not the neomedievalism of late modernism that Umberto Eco described a few years ago. It is rather the period itself, stretching from roughly the 3rd century to the beginning of the 16th century C.E. The contemporary fascination with a period so different from our own, so radically “other,” points to a sense that, despite its alterity — or perhaps because of it — the Middle Ages have something important to tell us about ourselves and our age. It would be difficult to deny the role that popular culture — the many films, books, television shows and other mediatic phenomena — has played both in popularizing and in liberating medieval studies. Besides a flexible approach, these studies also share with popular culture a fascination with the historical context, but in ways only found in the best fiction and film go further to discover means of demonstrating what the historical artifact has to communicate to us: how, for example, it can interrogate or confirm the insights opened by new intellectual paradigms. They show that the challenge lies in finding a way to connect the mind and the world not only for the historical material, but also for the contemporary scene. This article will explore some recent examples of writing the new Middle Ages.
Aerosol Retrievals from Individual AVHRR Channels. Part I: Retrieval Algorithm and Transition from Dave to 6S Radiative Transfer Model

Abstract The present second-generation aerosol retrieval algorithm over oceans used at NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) separately retrieves two values of aerosol optical depth, τ1 and τ2, from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 and 2 centered at λ1 = 0.63 (operational) and λ2 = 0.83 μm (experimental), respectively. From these, an effective Angstrom exponent α, related to particle size, can be derived as α = −ln(τ1/τ2)/ln(λ1/λ2). The single-channel lookup tables, relating reflectance to optical depth in the retrievals, have been precalculated with the Dave (1973) scalar radiative transfer (RT) model. This first part of a two-part paper describes the retrieval algorithm, with emphasis on its RT modeling related elements, and documents the transition to the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S; 1997) RT model. The new 6S RT model has the capability to account for reflection from wind-roughened sea surface, o...
Electrostatic Removal of Particle Singlets and Doublets from Conductive Surfaces

Fine particles can cause significant losses during the manufacture of microelectronic components. Removal of such deposited particles is important in reducing such losses. The repulsive force on a singlet conducting particle on a charged conducting surface is theoretically proportional to the particle area and the square of the electric field. We have removed particles as small as 1 μm by creating high (> 100 kV/cm) electrostatic fields at the surfaces of conductors. We found that members of doublet pairs had removal probabilities (at the same field strength) that were less than the removal probability of singlets. Further, the removal of one pair member made more probable the removal of the other. Likely factors are the adhesion of the particles to each other and the increase in adhesion to the surface resulting from the attraction of each particle to the image charge of the other. The theoretical analyses explain why whole chains of particles were found to be removed under conditions where the probabili...
Predictors of Intravesical Therapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program 2003 Patterns of Care Project

Purpose: In response to variations in cancer care organizations have developed clinical guidelines. In the case of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, also known as superficial bladder cancer, 2 similar sets of guidelines were released in the late 1990s that provide care recommendations. We examined patterns of intravesical therapy use in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer in 2003 to determine whether disparities remained in the quality of cancer care.Materials and Methods: Data from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) Program 2003 Bladder Cancer Patterns of Care project were used. Subjects newly diagnosed with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer in 2003 were included. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained from the SEER Program and a detailed medical record review. Statistical analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of intravesical therapy in the entire cohort and in a subset of patients at high risk.Results: A total of 685 patients were included in the study, of...
Framing and the Public Agenda: Media Effects on the Importance of the Federal Budget Deficit

Abstract What explains the shift in public opinion over time on the issue of the 1996 U.S. federal budget? Public opinion polls demonstrate dramatic shifts in the percentage of people considering the budget issue to be the most important problem facing the country from November 1994 through April 1996. In this article, we model Roper Center opinion polls against a prediction of opinion from media content to investigate how media coverage affects the importance assigned to the budget issue. We identify four dominant frames present in media coverage of the budget issue and argue that a model combining the theories of agenda setting and framing provides a better explanation for the shifts in aggregate opinion than either theory on its own. By combining framing with the traditional agenda-setting approach, we take into account the nuances of cover age within the issue, in addition to the sheer amount of cover age, for a more complete explanation of media effects on public opinion on the issue of the federal b...
Use of topical nicotine for treatment of Pediculus humanus capitis (Anaplura : Pediculidae)

Head lice are caused by the host-specific, ectoparasitic insect Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and remain a common human infestation. As a response to increasing resistance of head lice to present insecticidal agents, additional agents must be pursued. Inasmuch as nicotine has been used for controlling poultry lice, an in vitro study assessing its possible usage for human head lice was performed. Nicotine proved not to be an efficient insecticide, although it may facilitate removal of adult lice because it induces muscle twitches that may affect the insect's normal grip on hair follicles.
Numerical Comparison of Five Mean Frequency Estimators

Abstract Five techniques of estimating power spectrum mean frequency are examined. Performance is given in terms of estimate bias, accuracy, and noise immunity. Techniques examined are: 1) fast Fourier transform, 2) covariance argument approximation, 3) vector phase change, 4) scalar phase change, and 5) time derivative form of covariance. Estimator evaluation is made from numerical results obtained with a computer-simulated signal having a Gaussian spectral density which serves as the population with known parameters in the statistical analysis, and 2) real data from a pulsed Doppler radar. Both data sets consist of uniformly time-spaced digital samples of a complex signal. Absolute and relative performance of each estimator are noted, and numerical results are compared with theoretical calculations made by other investigators. Insofar as the pulsed Doppler meteorological return is represented by the signal type examined (narrow, symmetrical spectral densities), the covariance technique of mean frequency...
Influence of Environmental Factors on Spawning of the American Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus) in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, USA

The Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, USA is near the northern distribution limit of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). This estuary has few ideal beaches for spawning, yet it supports a modest population of horseshoe crabs. There is no organized monitoring program in the Great Bay Estuary, so it is unclear when and where spawning occurs. In this 2-year study (May through June, 2012 and 2013), >5,000 adult horseshoe crabs were counted at four sites in the estuary. The greatest densities of horseshoe crabs were observed at Great Bay sites in the upper, warmer reaches of the estuary. Peaks of spawning activity were not strongly correlated with the times of the new or full moons, and similar numbers of horseshoe crabs were observed mating during daytime and nighttime high tides. While many environmental factors are likely to influence the temporal and spatial patterns of spawning in this estuary, temperature appears to have the most profound impact.
Clarithromycin, lenalidomide and dexamethasone combination therapy as primary treatment of multiple myeloma

7545 Background: Lenalidomide (Revlamid [R]) is the leading clinical compound in a new group of drugs called IMiDs. Our group demonstrated that clarithromycin (Biaxin [Bi]) augments tumor mass redu...
Patterns of Adjustment among Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: a Person-Centered Approach

This study examined profiles of adjustment in an ethnically diverse sample of 291 school-age children recruited from community-based domestic violence services. Using latent profile analysis (LPA), six domains of adjustment were examined: social problems, attention problems, internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, empathy, and callous/unemotional traits. Results of the LPA provided support for three distinct profiles of socioemotional functioning among children in the sample: Resilient (66 %; n = 191), Struggling (28 %; n = 83), and Severe Maladjustment (6 %; n = 17). Variables that distinguished between the profiles included: children’s race/ethnicity, exposure to concomitant animal cruelty, relationship to the abusive partner, and the duration of their maternal caregiver’s experience of IPV. Study results lend support to previous research suggesting differential patterns of socioemotional adjustment among children exposed to IPV.
Colorectal cancer screening: a retrospective study of compliance with guidelines in a university-based primary care practice

Aim Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the US. Randomised trials have demonstrated the efficacy of screening. Our goal was to determine the compliance among primary care physicians with the American Cancer Society screening guidelines for colorectal cancer and secondarily to determine the reasons for non-compliance.Methods Two-hundred and twenty-one medical records were randomly selected for this retrospective cohort review. The identification of records was determined by inclusion criterion: (1) all patients born 1950 or before irrespective of co-morbidities;(2) first visit to the clinic in 2000; (3) most recent visit after December 2003, so as to exclude patients who dropped out of the practice or died. The records were examined to answer the following: (1) was screening offered when it was indicated? A 2-year period to complete screening was permitted; (2) was screening completed by any of the approved methods either on time or late? (3) Were abnormal/normal results followed-up according to the guidelines? We allowed a 2-year follow up period. If the answer to any of the above was ‘no’, non-compliance was recorded and possible reasons for non-compliance were searched in the medical record.Results Altogether, 55.6% of the patients were offered screening when it was indicated; 66.5% completed screening either late or on time; abnormal or normal results were followed according to guidelines in 59.2%; and 33.0% had documented compliance. The most common explanation for non-adherence was ‘unknown’, i.e. the medical record did not provide an explanation (79%),19.6% declined any screening and 1.4% were noncompliant because of lack of insurance or the presence of co-morbid conditions.Conclusions The compliance rate in this internal medicine practice was 33.0%. The reasons for noncompliance for the most part remain unknown, but there was substantial patient refusal to be screened,suggesting room for improvement either in patientor physician education, or in documenting recommendations and results.
Reputation on the line: the Starbucks cases

Purpose – The paper aims to increase the understanding of reputational-risk management by examining company responses to potentially reputation-damaging incidents. Design/methodology/approach – Incidents with potential for damaging Starbucks Corporation’s reputation were described and summarized as were the company’s responses to those incidents. Findings – It was observed that the complexity of resolving a reputation-damaging incident was inversely related to its closeness to the company’s core business. Also, the longevity of incidents suggests the persistent influence of past events. Research limitations/implications – Limitations are that findings are not generalizable beyond this case study and that the bulk of the information collected pertained to one of the five incidents examined. Potential hypotheses for future research are suggested. Practical implications – Findings provide reference points and a context for managers responding to reputation-damaging incidents. Originality/value – The paper illustrates how reputation-damaging incidents can be complex and difficult to resolve the more removed they are from the company’s core business.
Predicting Collision Risk between Trucks and Interstate Overpasses

AbstractA collision between a truck and an overpass bridge on an interstate highway is rare but can be catastrophic, especially if the bridge involved was designed and built in the early interstate highway era. Such collisions highlight the importance of developing a systematic and scientific method for evaluating at-risk bridges. The findings of this research offer a method for screening the safety risk of highway bridges and identifying bridges that require further review. A risk-based approach has been developed for this study from statistical models, probabilistic theories, and a comprehensive data set. Data include a five-year history of run-off-road (ROR) truck crashes, highway geometric characteristics, and traffic and weather information. The random coefficient Poisson model was used to model truck crashes so that data heterogeneity among highway segments could be captured. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to estimate the collision hazard envelope, given the uncertainties of truck size, encroac...
Effect of dibenamine on blood flow and cardiac output in the dog.

SummaryFollowing Dibenamine, cardiac output remained essentially unaltered in 5 of 8 dogs, peripheral blood flow decreased significantly in 16 of 24 dogs.
Internally versus Externally Solvated Derivatives of Doubly Bridged 1,4-Dilithio-2-butene: Structures and Dynamic Behavior. A “T” Shaped Dimeric Cluster in the Solid State

X-ray crystallographic NMR and calculational modeling studies using B3LYP/6-311G* of selected dilithium derivatives of the 1,3-butadiene dianion including cis-dilithio-1,4-bis(TMS)-2-butene·(TMEDA)22, internally solvated cis-dilithio-1,4-bis[bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminomethyldimethylsilyl]-2-butene 5, and using only modeling, 1,4-dilithio-2-butene·(TMEDA)29 reveal remarkably similar structural and NMR parameters. In the solid, 5 consists of unusual “T” shaped dynamic clusters. In all three bridging lithiums are sited between 1.8 and 1.9 A normal to the centroids of opposite faces of the near coplanar of the 2-butene component. Typical bond lengths of the latter are 1.458 ± 0.004, 1.385 ± 0.006, and 1.459 ± 0.003 A, for C1–C2, C2–C3, and C3–C4, respectively. The 13C chemical shifts lie within the ranges δ 21 ± 0.5, 99 ± 0.7, 99 ± 0.7 and 21 ± 0.5 for C1, C2 and C3 together, and C4, respectively. Dynamic 13C NMR provides activation parameters for nitrogen inversion in 2 and 5, overall molecular inversion of 5, ...
Diagnostic problems in surgical pathology

This discussion is designed to call attention to certain difficult areas in surgical pathology. The presentation of 10 problematic cases will be followed by a discussion of the differential diagnosis and the application of recent diagnostic techniques. A set of transparencies and a list of references will be given for each participant.
Individual patient factors associated with effective tinnitus treatment.

BACKGROUND Little is known about patient factors that might influence outcomes of tinnitus interventions. Determining such factors would offer insights into why some individuals benefit from tinnitus intervention whereas others do not. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate selected patient factors that may be associated with outcomes of tinnitus intervention. Factors studied include demographics, tinnitus characteristics, psychoacoustic tinnitus measures, audiometric data, and overall physical/emotional health status. RESEARCH DESIGN A retrospective analysis was performed on data obtained from a controlled clinical study that compared factors associated with tinnitus relief after tinnitus masking and tinnitus retraining therapy. STUDY SAMPLE A total of 126 military veterans participated in this controlled clinical study. Of these, 89 completed outcome measures at both baseline and 12 mo and were included in the present analysis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS A "responder" to intervention was identified as having a decrease (improvement) of 20 or more points on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory between baseline and 12 mo. A "nonresponder" did not achieve a 20-point improvement on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Individual patient factors were examined using independent t-tests or χ² analysis. A logistic regression model was used to determine how well each factor predicted treatment outcome (responder or nonresponder) while controlling for each of the other factors. RESULTS Five patient factors were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) between responders and nonresponders. Responders tended to (1) be younger in age; (2) have better low-frequency hearing sensitivity; (3) have greater problems with overall hearing; (4) be more likely to have tinnitus for shorter durations; and (5) perceive their tinnitus to be located "in the head" versus "in the ears." A logistic regression was then performed to determine how well each factor predicted the treatment outcome (responder versus nonresponder) while controlling for each of the other factors. RESULTS from the logistic regression revealed two of the five factors, localization of tinnitus and self-report of hearing problems, to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Examining the association of individual patient factors to a specific tinnitus intervention yielded several significant findings. Although these findings are not definitive, they reveal the capability that exists to perform these kinds of analyses to investigate relationships between individual patient characteristics and outcomes of intervention for tinnitus. Prospective research using systematic approaches is needed to identify these relationships that would contribute toward the ability to differentially predict outcomes of various tinnitus interventions. Obtaining this information would lead to more targeted therapy and ultimately more effective intervention.
Polyvinyl alcohol nephrosis: relationship of degree of polymerization to pathophysiologic effects

SummaryPolyvinyl alcohol of 3 different molecular weights, 37,000, 133,000 and 185,-000, was injected daily and subcutaneously into rats on a high NaCl intake. The lowest molecular weight material was not demonstrated in any of the tissues examined and, over the period studied, produced only mild elevation of blood pressure in a third of the animals which received it. High molecular weight PVA infiltrated a number of organs and tissues. Most prominently it affected renal glomeruli causing swelling and multiplication of endothelial and epithelial cells and often crescent formation. Mild hypertension affected half of the animals and heart, kidneys, liver and spleen were enlarged. Neither polymer caused polydipsia. The intermediate polymer produced severe polydipsia, a nephrotic syndrome associated with ascites and edema, severe hypertension, marked renal damage with severe glomerulonephritis, often hemorrhagic, and widespread cardiovascular lesions. The pathologic effects depend more upon the molecular size...
Mutual Funds Apart from the Crowd

We construct measures of mutual fund uniqueness using cluster analysis of fund returns. We find funds that are more unique have higher total expense ratios, mainly due to their higher management fees. As the fund uniqueness increases, the gap in net performance widens between funds with above-median past performance and those with below- or at-median past performance. Fund uniqueness significantly reduces the sensitivity of fund flows to past performance, and increases performance persistence, especially when funds perform poorly. Since unique funds are more difficult to evaluate, these results support the prediction that higher search costs in the asset management markets lead to higher fees and larger outperformance by informed managers. They also suggest that higher costs of performance evaluation and the lack of close substitutes reduce the sensitivity of fund flows to performance and increase the convexity in the flow-performance relation, which may in turn increase performance persistence, especially the persistence of poor performance.
Thiocarbamoyl derivatives of N-acylpiperazines

1-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)piperazine failed to yield a thiocarbamoyl derivative when treated with ammonium thiocyanate; only a thiocyanate salt was formed. However, it reacted readily with benzoylisothiocyanate to form the expected 1-(N-benzoylthiocarbamoyl)-4-(p-chlorobenzoyl)piperazine. Benzoylisothiocyanate also produced an N-benzoylthiocarbamoyl derivative of 1-formylpiperazine.
Score of liver ultrasonography predicts treatment-related severe neutropenia and neutropenic fever in induction chemotherapy with docetaxel for locally advanced head and neck cancer patients with normal serum transamines

Induction chemotherapy with docetaxel improved outcome in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, but docetaxel was not recommended in liver dysfunction patients for treatment toxicities. Severe neutropenic events (SNE) including severe neutropenia (SN) and febrile neutropenia (FN) still developed in these patients with normal serum transaminases. Ultrasonography (US) fibrotic score represented degree of hepatic parenchymal damage and showed good correlation to fibrotic changes histologically. This study aims to evaluate the association of US fibrotic score with docetaxel treatment-related SNE in advanced HNSCC patients with normal serum transaminases. Between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013, a total of 47 advanced HNSCC patients treated with induction docetaxel were enrolled. The clinical features were collected to assess predictive factors for SNE. The patients were divided into two groups by the US fibrotic score with a cutoff value of 7. The Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression method were used for the risk factor analysis. The background, treatment, and response were similar in both groups except for lower lymphocyte and platelet count in patients with higher US score. Twenty-seven patients (51 %) developed grade 3/4 neutropenia, and more SNE developed in patients with US score ≧7. In multivariate analysis, only US score ≥7 was independent predictive factor for developing SN (hazard ratio 7.71, p = 0.043) and FN (hazard ratio 20.95, p = 0.008). US score ≥7 is an independent risk factor for SNE in advanced HNSCC patients treated with induction docetaxel. US score could be used for risk prediction of docetaxel-related SNE.
A Nonperturbing Temperature Sensor for Measurements in Electromagnetic Fields

ABSTRACTAn electro-optical temperature measuring device which neither perturbs electromagnetic fields nor causes hot spots has been developed for use in monitoring temperature in biological systems during microwave irradiation.
Factors Determining Scientific Paper Productivity by Neuroradiology Fellows

Rationale and Objectives We sought to determine (1) whether United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores predict academic productivity in neuroradiology fellows as measured by publications and citations, and (2) what factors predict such productivity. Materials and Methods We reviewed the USMLE scores, gender, medical school location attended, publication record before and during fellowship, fellowship evaluation ratings and subsequent practice site (private vs academic) of neuroradiology fellows from 2004 to 2014 to determine relationships with publications and citations after fellowship. Spearman's correlation and Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the association between these factors and quantity of publications and citations per year after fellowship. Results USMLE scores and fellowship evaluation scores correlated inversely with radiology publications and citations. There were strong correlations between publication records before or during fellowship and after fellowship. Fellows from international medical schools, with PhD degrees, and those fellows proceeding to academic practice had more publications before or during and after neuroradiology fellowship. Conclusions The best predictors of whether a graduating neuroradiology fellow will publish and have high citation rates is prior publication record, a PhD degree, and staying in academics. USMLE scores and evaluations during the fellowship were inversely correlated with publication measures of academic productivity.
Ice formation and the risk of chloride toxicity in shallow wetlands and lakes

The process of ice formation in shallow waterbodies can increase chloride to toxic levels in waterbodies already impacted by chloride loading from road salt (NaCl deicer) application. Chloride concentrations were measured bi-weekly in a shallow, urban wetland in Madison, Wisconsin. We found that in this shallow waterbody, ice thickening doubled chloride concentrations from ion exclusion as the water froze. To understand the role of ice formation and ion exclusion, we constructed a numerical model to predict chloride concentrations beneath the ice resulting from ion exclusion. Where chloride levels already are elevated above background and flushing rates are low, ice thickening can push concentrations well above toxicity thresholds for much of the winter. The compounding effects of road salt runoff and ice formation should be considered in the management of water quality and ecosystem health in shallow urban water bodies or waterbodies receiving road salt runoff from nearby roadways.
Tracing the traces: The critical role of metadata within networked communications

The information sciences have traditionally been at the center of metadata-focused research. The US National Security Agency NSA intelligence documents revealed by Edward Snowden in June of 2013 brought the term "metadata" into the public consciousness. Surprisingly little discussion in the information sciences has since occurred on the nature and importance of metadata within networked communication systems. The collection of digital metadata impacts the ways that people experience social and technical communication. Without such metadata, networked communication cannot exist. The NSA leaks, and numerous recent hacks of corporate and government communications, point to metadata as objects of new scholarly inquiry. If we are to engage in meaningful discussions about our digital traces, or make informed decisions about new policies and technologies, it is essential to develop theoretical and empirical frameworks that account for digital metadata. This opinion paper presents 5 key sociotechnical characteristics of metadata within digital networks that would benefit from stronger engagement by the information sciences.
Patient Burden of Axial Spondyloarthritis.

AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is an inflammatory spondyloarthritis (SpA) that has significant impact on a patient's life. Symptoms, including fatigue, sleep problems, depression, and sexual dysfunction, can profoundly impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and limit work, leisure, a
Reply to Bair: Crossover to Arrhenius behavior at high viscosities in squalane.

As noted in our paper (1), values of the Newtonian viscosity, η N, of squalane from Deegan et al. (2) are well fit by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation over the measured range of temperature, T . This is entirely consistent with the fairly straight line shown for their data in the Stickel function plot by Bair (3). As shown in figure 1 of ref. 1, our calculated values of η N are consistent with Deegan et al.’s data (2). Thus, any derived quantity such as the Stickel function will be consistent within statistical uncertainties. The line attributed to our data by Bair (3) is not consistent with our plotted data. It appears to reflect a misunderstanding of the crossover we describe, which we are happy to address below. The difficulty … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: mr{at}jhu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A Vindication of the Woman Known as Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797)

From panegyric to vituperative, heroic to denigrative, from puritanical to whorish, from radically subversive to domestically entrenched, biographies and critical articles have represented and misrepresented, labeled and mislabeled Wollstonecraft as a woman to such a disparate extent, it is nearly impossible to know who she was and what she believed. This chapter synthesizes the biographies, critical studies, and Wollstonecraft’s own writing with the purpose of exposing the gaps and contradictions and then attempts to fill and reconcile them, respectively. It is an effort to resituate Wollstonecraft as a woman of her time and to identify those influences that made her who she was.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management.

Disease overview The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older males and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Diagnosis Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry or molecular genetics is usually complementary and may help refine diagnosis. Risk-stratification Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system is probably the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). IPSS is now replaced by the revised IPSS-R score. Although not systematically incorporated into new validated prognostic systems, somatic mutations can help define prognosis and should be considered as new prognostic factors. Risk-adapted therapy Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts and cytogenetic and mutational profiles. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5-azacitidine and decitabine have activity in both lower and higher-risk MDS. 5-azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. A number of new molecular lesions have been described in MDS that may serve as new therapeutic targets or aid in the selection of currently available agents. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation. Management of progressive or refractory disease At the present time there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include participation in a clinical trial or cytarabine based therapy and stem cell transplantation.
Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention

E-cigarette (vaping) conventions are public events promoting electronic cigarettes, in which indoor use of e-cigarettes is allowed. The large concentration of people using e-cigarettes and poor air ventilation can result in indoor air pollution. In order to estimate this worst-case exposure to e-cigarettes, we evaluated indoor air quality in a vaping convention in Maryland (MD), USA. Real-time concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and real-time total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO2 and NO2 concentrations were measured. Integrated samples of air nicotine and PM10 concentrations were also collected. The number of attendees was estimated to range from 75 to 600 at any single observation time. The estimated 24-h time-weighted average (TWA) PM10 was 1800 μg/m3, 12-fold higher than the EPA 24-h regulation (150 μg/m3). Median (range) indoor TVOCs concentration was 0.13 (0.04-0.3) ppm. PM10 and TVOC concentrations were highly correlated with CO2 concentrations, indicating the high number of people using e-cigarettes and poor indoor air quality. Air nicotine concentration was 125 μg/m3, equivalent to concentrations measured in bars and nightclubs. E-cigarette aerosol in a vaping convention that congregates many e-cigarette users is a major source of PM10, air nicotine and VOCs, impairing indoor air quality. These findings also raise occupational concerns for e-cigarette vendors and other venue staff workers.