cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histological quantitation of aluminum in iliac bone from patients with renal failure.

Abstract Aluminum in undemineralized, methyl methacrylate-embedded iliac bone from 16 hemodialyzed renal patients and six normal controls was stained by a modification of the aluminon method and quantitated histomorphometrically, and the results were compared with the aluminum values measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There was a high degree of correlation between the two techniques (r = 0.955, p less than 0.0001). The amount of stained aluminum also showed a statistically significant relationship with the amount of bone that is not mineralized (r = 0.840, p less than 0.001), with the TM (r = 0.841, p less than 0.001), and with osteoid width (r = 0.771, p less than 0.0001). The aluminum was found as bright red bands mainly in the junction of mineralized bone and osteoid but was also observed in cement lines of mature bone, on neutral surfaces, and surrounding the osteocytes. Analysis of serial sections for aluminum and tetracycline showed that a majority of the sites with aluminum did not take up tetracycline, implying defective mineralization. Occasionally tetracycline uptake was observed in such places, suggesting that the aluminum "block" might be overcome eventually. The presence of aluminum in cement lines of mature bone supports this hypothesis. The histochemical staining of aluminum provides a quick and easy method for identifying, localizing, and quantifying aluminum within the bone and may prove to be a useful tool in the study of the mechanisms of metabolic bone disease.
A Case Series on the Effects of Kripalu Yoga for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder associated with substantial impairment and poor treatment response. Yoga influences processes that are linked to the maintenance of GAD including mindfulness, anxiety, and heart rate variability, but has yet to be evaluated among people with the disorder. The present study is a first step toward documenting the efficacy of yoga for reducing worry among people with GAD using a single-subject AB design case series and daily ratings of worry. Standardized self-report measures of worry, trait anxiety, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, and heart rate variability were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Three participants with primary GAD received eight twice-weekly Kripalu yoga sessions following a baseline data collection period. All participants showed systematic improvement in daily worry ratings on at least one index and all scores on self-reported measures of worry, anxiety, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness changed in the expected direction following yoga (with one or two exceptions). Participants also showed improved heart rate variability during a worry period from pre- to post-intervention. Yoga has the potential to improve the processes linked to GAD and should stimulate further research in this area.
K 1 0 -K 2 0 mass difference - II

An expression for any mass difference, exact in all strong interactions and of second order in weak interactions, is obtained directly from perturbation theory. Earlier results (1) for the K10 -K20 mass difference are derived from this approach. Possible generalization of this model of the K10 -K20 mass difference are discussed.
Preliminary imaging results and SAR analysis of a microwave imaging system for early breast cancer detection

Currently X-ray-based imaging systems suffer from low contrast between malignant and healthy fibrous tissues in breast. Microwave Near-field Radar Imaging (NRI) shows a higher contrast between the aforementioned tissues and therefore can enhance tumor detection and diagnosis accuracy. In this work, we present the first imaging results of our developed NRI system that is equipped with a pair of Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas. We used a metal bearing ball immersed in oil as our object of interest, to keep the first measurement configuration simple. Moreover, to demonstrate the safety of our system for human subject tests, we simulated the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in a realistic breast tissue model and compared the resulted values with both the USA and Europe standards. The results show that firstly the imaging results from the measurements and simulations are comparable, and secondly the antennas radiations meet the SAR criteria.
Quinone 1 e– and 2 e–/2 H+ Reduction Potentials: Identification and Analysis of Deviations from Systematic Scaling Relationships

Quinones participate in diverse electron transfer and proton-coupled electron transfer processes in chemistry and biology. To understand the relationship between these redox processes, an experimental study was carried out to probe the 1 e– and 2 e–/2 H+ reduction potentials of a number of common quinones. The results reveal a non-linear correlation between the 1 e– and 2 e–/2 H+ reduction potentials. This unexpected observation prompted a computational study of 134 different quinones, probing their 1 e– reduction potentials, pKa values, and 2 e–/2 H+ reduction potentials. The density functional theory calculations reveal an approximately linear correlation between these three properties and an effective Hammett constant associated with the quinone substituent(s). However, deviations from this linear scaling relationship are evident for quinones that feature intramolecular hydrogen bonding, halogen substituents, charged substituents, and/or sterically bulky substituents. These results, particularly the di...
PWW bandpass filter for 60 GHz band based on 2D MoM design optimization

In this paper, a bandpass filter (BPF) at 60 GHz band based on new design procedure is presented. The BPF is constructed by quartz-based post-wall waveguide (PWW) due to its lower dielectric loss. Filter design is achieved by optimization theory and burden for design is reduced by modeling filter as two dimensional structure. The 2D model is analyzed by using the method of moment (MoM) with global basis function. Validity is shown by a reasonable agreement between S-parameters for 2D model and those for 3D model.
Bringing Geodesign to the world in a massive, open, online engagement: ‘Geodesign: change your world’

A MOOC titled “Geodesign: Change your world” demonstrated a unique approach to scaling up awareness about geodesign to a global audience. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are gaining visibility as a wide-reaching educational trend to provide exposure on topics, theories and techniques in any field. The first MOOC on the subject of geodesign was offered in Autumn 2014. Over 17,000 people registered from 167 countries. The results yielded a unique worldwide conversation about geodesign. This paper discusses how this MOOC engaged a global audience of thousands, including the challenges and opportunities experienced with the development and delivery of the MOOC. The outcomes illustrate how participants gained appreciation for the role geodesign can play in land planning and design issues in their location. The Geodesign MOOC course’s dynamic structure breaks from the typical format of MOOCs. Examined here are the innovative course design and delivery mechanisms deployed in this MOOC. Drawing on recent research about online learning, pedagogical and technological issues important to consider in MOOC development are reviewed.
International Co-operation on Vacuum Standards and Literature Abstracting

The exchange of information on standards for nomenclature, units, symbols, flanges, and measuring techniques which has already occurred between the Standards Committee of the American Vacuum Society and similar standards groups in England, Germany, France and Japan is reviewed. The areas in which international co-operation might be profitable are examined and proposals made for reaching as much agreement as possible before releasing final standards in the co-operating countries. Problems of abstracting and indexing the periodical literature on vacuum technology are mentioned in connection with standardization of nomenclature.
“Tax” and “Fee” Frames in Green Advertisements: The Influence of Self-Transcendence in Reusable Bag Usage

Increasing the use of reusable shopping bags is one of many actions that consumers can take to reduce waste and conserve energy. However, this goal is somewhat daunting because it requires a signif...
Men Experience Higher Risk of Pneumonia and Death After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Infectious complications worsen outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the impact of sex on post-ICH infections and mortality. Consecutive ICH patients (admitted to a single hospital between 1994 and 2015) were retrospectively assessed via chart review to ascertain the following in-hospital infections: urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, and sepsis. Adjusted logistic regression was performed to identify associations between sex, infection, and mortality at 90 days. Two thousand and four patients were investigated, 1071 (53.7%) males. Men were more likely to develop pneumonia (21.9 vs 15.5% p < 0.001) and sepsis (3.4 vs 1.6%, p = 0.009), whereas women had higher risk of UTI (19.9 vs 11.7% p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed association between male sex and pneumonia (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.74, p = 0.011). Male sex (OR 1.40; CI 1.07–1.85; p = 0.015) and infection (OR 1.56; CI 1.11–1.85; p = 0.011) were independently associated with higher 90-day mortality. Types and rates of infection following ICH differ by sex. Male sex independently increases pneumonia risk, which subsequently increases 90-day mortality. Sex-specific preventive strategies to reduce the risk of these complications may be one strategy to improve ICH outcomes.
How truth wins in opinion dynamics along issue sequences

How truth wins in social groups is an important open problem. Classic experiments on social groups dealing with truth statement issues present mixed findings on the conditions of truth abandonment and reaching a consensus on the truth. No theory has been developed and evaluated that might integrate these findings with a mathematical model of the interpersonal influence system that alters some or all of its members' positions on an issue. In this paper we provide evidence that a general model in the network science on opinion dynamics substantially clarifies how truth wins in groups.
Characteristics and Disparities among Primary Care Practices in the United States.

Despite new incentives for US primary care, concerns abound that patient-centered practice capabilities are lagging. Describe the practice structure, patient-centered capabilities, and payment relationships of US primary care practices; identify disparities in practice capabilities. Analysis of the 2015 Medical Organizations Survey (MOS), part of the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Practice-reported information from primary care practices of MEPS respondents who reported receiving primary care and made at least one visit in 2015 to that practice. Surveyed primary care practices (n = 4318; 77% response rate) providing primary care to 7161 individuals, representing 101,159,263 Americans. Practice structure (ownership and personnel); practice capabilities (certification as a patient-centered medical home [PCMH], electronic health record [EHR] use, and x-ray capability); and payment orientation (accountable care organization [ACO] and capitation). Independently owned practices served 55% of patients, hospital-owned practices served 19%, and nonprofit/government/academic-owned served 20%. Solo practices served 25% of patients and practices with 2–10 physicians served 53% of patients. Forty-one percent of patients were served by practices certified as PCMHs. Practices with EHRs cared for 90% of patients and could exchange secure messages with 78% of patients. Practices with in-office x-ray capability cared for 34% of patients. Practices participating in ACOs and capitation served 44% and 46% of patients, respectively. Primary care patients in the South, compared to the rest of the country, had less access to nearly all practice capabilities, including patient care coordination (adjusted difference, 13% [95% CI, 8–18]) and secure EHR messaging (adjusted difference, 6% [95% CI, 1–10]). Uninsured patients were less likely to be served at a practice that used an EHR (adjusted difference, 9% [95% CI, 2–16]). Participants’ primary care practices were mostly independently owned, nearly always used EHRs (albeit of varying capability), and frequently participated in innovative payment arrangements for a portion of their patients. Patient practices in the South had fewer capabilities than the rest of the country.
Electrophysiology of Cranial Nerve Testing: Spinal Accessory and Hypoglossal Nerves.

Summary:Multiple techniques have been developed for the electrodiagnostic evaluation of cranial nerves XI and XII. Each of these carries both benefits and limitations, with more techniques and data being available in the literature for spinal accessory than hypoglossal nerve evaluation. Spinal acces
Social Innovation Networks: A New Approach to Social Design Education and Impact

We may be able to educate social designers who can design for human needs through social innovation networks (SINs). SINs engage in three interrelated activities of: supporting design teams' project-based learning, supporting the leadership in studio-based learning communities, and continuous network improvement. SINs face challenges in diffusing social design that might be overcome through networked coaching platforms that support teams' socially-regulated learning and leaders' studio orchestration. SINs offer way to spread design education across disciplines in any organization where design teams need to both innovate and learn.
Interfacial area transport models for horizontal air-water bubbly flow in different pipe sizes

Abstract The current work seeks to develop the interfacial area transport models for horizontal bubbly flow applicable to various pipe sizes. A steady-state one-dimensional, one-group interfacial area transport equation (IATE) for horizontal adiabatic air-water bubbly flow is presented. The models discussed include: (a) frictional pressure drop prediction based on Lockhart–Martinelli approach; (b) drift-flux based closure relations for void-weighted bubble velocity and void fraction; (c) bubble interaction mechanisms; and (d) local void fraction reconstruction to calculate covariance parameters associated with asymmetric bubble distribution in horizontal bubbly flow. To develop these models, experiments are performed to establish local databases in bubbly flow using the four-sensor conductivity probe in horizontal test facilities with three different inner diameters (38.1 mm, 50.8 mm, and 101.6 mm). In total, 23 test conditions with superficial liquid and gas velocities in the ranges of 3.00–6.00 m/s and 0.08–1.00 m/s, respectively, are employed in the current work. The range of void fraction for the established database is 0.017–0.193. It is demonstrated that, the void weighted bubbly velocity ( >), void fraction ( ), and frictional pressure loss can be predicted very well with an averaged percent difference of ±4.8%, ±4.7%, and ±2.1%, respectively. The covariance parameters can be predicted generally within ±30% using the current approach for void fraction reconstruction. As a result, the IATE can predict the measured interfacial area concentration with an averaged percent difference of ±5.9%, except for the test conditions with large bubbles generated as flow develops. Meanwhile, it is found that decreasing liquid velocity decreases the contributions to the total change of interfacial area concentration by random collision induced bubble coalescence, and turbulent impact induced bubble breakup.
Intraspinal Delivery of Recombinant AAV-Mediated Interleukin-10 Modifies Disease in ALS Mice

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by inexorable degeneration of motor neurons leading to paralysis and death. Emerging data suggests that innate immune activation predicts disease progression in ALS patients. Similar observations in rodent ALS models show that inflammatory changes occur at sites of motoneuron injury early in the disease process. Based on these evidence, we hypothesized that broad anti-inflammatory therapies will have a disease-modifying effect in ALS. We used recombinant adeno-associated viruses to deliver the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), into the spinal cords of a familial mouse model of ALS, and showed that mice with high IL-10 levels survived longer. IL-10 has the potential as an ALS therapeutic in its own right, and additionally, because it is a biological agent, this study opens the door to the development of a variety of biological-based anti-inflammatory strategies in ALS.
Context Effects and the use of Relational Information in Recognition Memory

Studies of context effects on recognition memory are examined in relation to retrieval differences in recall versus recognition memory. Support is provided for the position that some episodic information is automatically accessed on a recognition test, but that additional, more precise contextual information requires effortful retrieval processes. It is suggested that two types of context effects on recognition memory exist in the literature, and which type of effect is obtained depends on subjects' strategies for using relational information from memory.
Control Yourself! The Impact of Self-Control on Auditors' Ability to Practice Professional Skepticism

Do auditors who have impaired cognitive resources for self-control have a more difficult time being professionally skeptical? And if so, what impact does experience have? In this study I experiment with auditors at all levels of experience, testing them in a problem-solving task (analytical procedure) that requires evaluation of possible solutions and assessment of the associated risk of material misstatement. The act of professional skepticism requires individuals behave with a “questioning mind,” which requires cognitive resources. I suggest that professional skepticism is essentially an act of self-control. I posit that individuals who have depleted self-control resources have an impaired ability to correctly identify misstated accounts and increased risk aversion. Additionally, I posit that experience plays a moderating role, increasing the likelihood of optimal judgments, and that manipulation to client risk levels activates salient skeptical resources.
Comparisons of Sexual Victimization Experiences among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Women

This study examined the associations among heterosexual women (HW) and sexual minority women (SMW; for example, lesbian and bisexual), adolescent and adult sexual victimization experiences, childhood experiences of abuse, coping strategies, and mental health symptoms. Participants were 177 women recruited across the United States via the Internet to complete an online survey. Participants first completed the Sexual Experiences Survey and then described qualitatively their most distressing and/or severe sexual victimization experience. They were asked to include situational (e.g., location, alcohol, and drug use) and interpersonal features (e.g., relationship to perpetrator) of their experience. They then completed self-report questionnaires on childhood sexual abuse, coping with substances, coping through self-blame, social reactions to their assault disclosure, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization. Nonparametric tests were used to examine associations among the variables. There were no significant differences between SMW and HW in terms of the contextual features (i.e., situational, interpersonal) of their most distressing (i.e., severe) sexual victimization experiences or their postassault experiences. However, results revealed significant associations between sexual minority status and both victimization severity and sexual revictimization, with SMW reporting more severe victimization histories and higher rates of sexual revictimization relative to HW. In addition, there was a significant difference between SMW and HW with respect to coping through substances, with SMW reporting more substance use relative to HW. Future work should endeavor to identify the reasons for these important differences and seek to develop appropriate interventions for SMW who have experienced sexual violence.
Whale Rider: The Co-occurrence of Haemoglobin and Haemocyanin in Cyamus scammoni

Beatrice and Jonathan Wittenberg have inspired generations of scientists to explore the mysteries of heme proteins. Their papers on the high-affinity haemoglobins of Ascaris, a parasite living in the gut of a mammal, prompted discussions among Bob Terwilliger, Bob Garlick and the author in the 1970s, and led to investigations on numerous invertebrate myoglobins and haemoglobins in the Terwilliger laboratory. In this chapter, I review the structure and function of several of the outstanding molecules and their source organisms, including the haemoglobin and haemocyanin from Cyamus scammoni, the crustacean amphi-pod that rides on a whale. The presence of a high M w extracellular haemoglobin in this arthropod is the first report of haemoglobin expression in the more advanced crustaceans. The co-occurrence of haemoglobin and haemocyanin is also extremely unusual and unprecedented in the Arthropoda.
Near-fatal pulmonary embolism.

Abstr act A case of a 79-year-old female admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture and suffering a near-fatal embolism, is presented. The article then reviews the epidemiology of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the setting of hip fracture and orthopedic surgery and outlines the diagnostic approach to a critically ill patient with pulmonary embolism. The use of thrombolysis as an adjunct to usual heparin therapy is examined, as are the potential benefits versus the absolute risks of thrombolysis. Finally, practical recommendations outlining a reasonable approach to this group of patients, based on available evidence, are proposed.
Procedural management of rhinophyma: A comprehensive review.

Background Rhinophyma is a cosmetically deforming disease characterized by nodular overgrowth of the lower 2/3 of the nose and is considered the end stage of acne rosacea. Aims Review the spectrum of procedural techniques for treatment of rhinophyma with a focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each modality. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the search terms "rhinophyma," "treatment," and "surgery" in PubMed. Case reports, case series, and small retrospective trials using procedural techniques for management of rhinophyma were included for review. Animal studies, non-English articles, and reports of medical treatment of rhinophyma were excluded. Results There are currently no prospective, randomized controlled studies evaluating procedural management of rhinophyma. The most commonly employed treatments include scalpel excision, resection with heated knives, dermabrasion, electrosurgery and lasers, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG). The main complication associated with complete excision of rhinophymatous tissue is excessive scarring. To correct for this adverse effect, partial or tangential excision with preservation of underlying adnexal structures is now the accepted technique, irrespective of the chosen modality. Conclusion There is no accepted gold standard for management of rhinophyma, and each modality succeeds in maintaining hemostasis, reducing scarring and achieving satisfactory cosmesis to different degrees. There is a conflicting data on the theoretical risk of recurrence with partial excision due to incomplete removal of tissue. Further studies evaluating this risk and alternate methods of prevention are required.
Reducing hypertriglyceridemia in elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease stabilizes or improves cognition and cerebral perfusion.

Effects of lowering serum triglyceride levels were investigated among 44 elderly hypertriglyceridemic patients with risk factors for stroke, reduced cerebral perfusion, and a history compatible with symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Patients were randomly assigned to either treatment with gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering agent, or control conditions. Subjects in both groups were instructed to follow a diet recommended for lowering serum lipid levels, while the treatment group was additionally administered 600 mg daily of gemfibrozil. Subjects assigned to the treatment group (n = 22) showed significant reductions in serum triglyceride levels (p less than .0005). Control subjects (n = 22) did not show any significant changes in serum triglyceride levels. There were also no significant changes in total cholesterol levels in either group. Analyses of values for mean bihemispheric gray matter cerebral blood flow measured by the xenon 133 inhalation method and cognitive scores tested by the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination indicated that gemfibrozil-treated patients maintained significantly higher levels of cerebral perfusion and cognitive performance than untreated controls did. Regression analyses for different treatment intervals indicated that both cerebral blood flow and cognition showed linear improvements that correlated directly with the duration of treatment. Lowering triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic subjects appears to benefit cerebral perfusion and cognitive performance after four to six months.
Weakly Supervised Fusion of Multiple Overhead Images

This work addresses the problem of combining noisy overhead images to make a single high-quality image of a region. Existing fusion methods rely on supervised learning, which requires image quality annotations, or ad hoc criteria, which do not generalize well. We formulate a weakly supervised method, which learns to predict image quality at the pixel-level by optimizing for semantic segmentation. This means our method only requires semantic segmentation labels, not explicit artifact annotations in the input images. We evaluate our method under varying levels of occlusions and clouds. Experimental results show that our method is significantly better than a baseline fusion approach and nearly as good as the ideal case, a single noise-free image.
In Vitro Evidence for Cell-Accelerated Corrosion Within Modular Junctions of Total Hip Replacements.

Corrosion at modular junctions of total hip replacement (THR) remains a major concern today. Multiple types of damage modes have been identified at modular junctions, correlated with different corrosion characteristics that may eventually lead to implant failure. Recently, within the head-taper region of the CoCrMo retrieval implants, cell-like features and trails of etching patterns were observed that could potentially be linked to the involvement of cells of the periprosthetic region. However, there is no experimental evidence to corroborate this phenomenon. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential role of periprosthetic cell types on corrosion of CoCrMo alloy under different culture conditions, including the presence of CoCrMo wear debris. Cells were incubated with and without CoCrMo wear debris (obtained from a hip simulator) with an average particle size of 119 ± 138 nm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the corrosion tendency, corrosion rate, and corrosion kinetics using the media after 24 h of cell culture as the electrolyte. Results of the study showed that there was lower corrosion resistance (p < 0.02) and higher capacitance (p < 0.05) within cell media from macrophages challenged with particles when compared with the other media conditions studied. The potentiodynamic results were also in agreement with the EIS values, showing significantly higher corrosion tendency (low Ecorr ) (p < 0.0001) and high Icorr (p < 0.05) in media from challenged macrophages compared with media with H2 O2 solution. Overall, the study provides in vitro experimental evidence for the possible role of macrophages in altering the chemical environment within the crevice and thereby accelerating corrosion of CoCrMo alloy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:393-404, 2020.
Discharge narcotic prescribing and management practices at pediatric trauma centers in the United States.

Abstract Introduction Trauma is the leading cause of mortality among children in the US. Injured children often receive narcotic pain medication throughout their hospital stays and upon discharge from pediatric trauma centers. While effective, narcotics carry significant risks. There is a dearth of knowledge regarding narcotic education, prescribing practices, and pain management training at pediatric trauma centers. We hypothesize that there is a lack of standardization in these practices among pediatric trauma centers nationally. Methods A national survey was sent to medical directors at ACS-verified and state designated level 1 and 2 pediatric trauma centers. Data were collected over 6 months on discharge narcotic education and prescribing practices. Results Of 97 surveys sent, 92 were returned (94.8% response). Responses show that narcotics are most commonly prescribed by residents (79.1%). Electronic Medical Record (EMR) prescribing is common (89.2%); however, only 1.75% of EMRs give recommendation to prescribe naloxone. Only 9.7% report a standardized format of narcotic education. Most healthcare staff providing narcotic education receive no training in nonpharmacological pain management (68.8%). Most centers report no formal process to reduce the quantity of discharge narcotics prescribed (71.0%). Respondents report many barriers to providing discharge narcotic education to patients and families, including staff training on how to provide discharge narcotic education, staff availability, patient/ parent literacy, and format of available educational resources. Conclusion The study results show that there is lack of standardization in discharge narcotic education and prescription practices among pediatric trauma facilities nationally and highlight the need for a standardized narcotic prescribing and management protocol. Despite the growing national concern of opiate misuse, particularly among children, respondents report inability to deliver adequate narcotic education owing to various communication and systems barriers. Type of study Cross-sectional survey. Level of evidence Level IV.
The Impact of Surgery Resident Participation on the Outcome of Carotid Endarterectomy

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the in-hospital stroke rate plus deaths (SD) was adversely impacted by the participation of surgery residents during carotid endarterectomy. Methods. A single board-certified vascular surgeon performed 5,663 carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) from September 1982 through December 2016. The surgeon prospectively recorded the data used in this report during the patient’s hospital stay. These cases were done at five hospitals, three of which had general surgery residents participating in procedures and two that did not. Results. Of the 5,663 CEAs, residents participated at three hospitals in 4,974 CEAs. In the two hospitals that did not have surgery residents participating, 689 CEAs were performed. Fifty-seven strokes and 12 deaths occurred in hospitals with resident participation (SD 1.39%). Six strokes (0.9%) and no deaths occurred in hospitals without resident participation. No significant difference in stroke rate, death rate, or combined stroke plus death rate (SD) were identified in comparing hospitals with or without resident participation. Conclusion. This report corroborates others that senior general surgery residents did not have a significant impact on SD in patients undergoing CEA.
Clinicopathologic aspects of chronic fluoride toxicosis in cattle

Cattle normally ingest small amounts of fluoride without evidencing adverse effects. Excessive fluorides may be from a variety of combination of sources. Responses to fluorides are influenced by a number of factors. Excessive levels can induce an acute, subacute or an insidious chronic toxicosis. Fluorides accumulate primarily in developing teeth and in bone, where major fluoride-induced lesions occur. Characterization of clinical signs and lesions and classification criteria have been developed to help standardize the diagnosis and evaluation of fluorosis. Teeth are adversely affected during their development, but bones may be affected throughout an animals lifetime. Supportive diagnostic criteria and aids are discussed and procedures and techniques that may partially protect cattle from chronic fluoride toxicosis are presented. Recommended tolerance standards for various ages and types of cattle are also given.
Introduction: Renée de France’s Life and Legacy

This collection of essays on the life and legacy of Renee de France (1510–1575) addresses the cultural, spiritual, and political influence of the second daughter of King Louis XII and Anne de Bretagne. Orphaned at the age of four, the young princess was raised at the court of King Francois I, under the maternal influence of both her sister, Queen Claude de France, and the king’s sister, Marguerite de Navarre, both of whom favored internal reform of the Catholic Church and supported like-minded intellectuals and priests. After her 1528 politically motivated marriage to Ercole d’Este, future Duke of Ferrara, Renee spent her adult life in Italy, where she was called Renata or Renea, and continued her associations with heterodox intellectuals. After the death of her husband in 1559, she returned to France to spend her dowager years at her château of Montargis, in the midst of the French Wars of Religion. While Renee has not yet earned the scholarly attention that has been devoted to her mother, Anne de Bretagne, to her sister, Claude de France, or to her cousins, Marguerite de Navarre and Jeanne d’Albret, Peebles and Scarlatta demonstrate that she perpetuates the cultural, intellectual, and moral values of this long line of powerful French royal women, tracing their inspiration back to her godmother, Anne de France, and their influence on to Renee’s own children. After sketching the broad strokes of Renee’s biography, the authors offer an overview of the volume. Contributors from a variety of disciplines, including art history, bibliography and textual studies, literary and cultural studies, history, gender, and religious studies examine Renee’s many roles and flesh out her portrait and legacy as fille de France, Duchess of Ferrara, and Dowager Duchess at Montargis.
Epidural extension of dorsal vertebral D1-D7 hemangiomas with congenital cutaneous hemangiomas: Case report and literature review.

Background There are only rare reports of simultaneous multiple thoracic vertebral, epidural, and congenital cutaneous hemangiomas occurring at the same levels. Case description A 24-year-old male presented with a progressive paraparesis attributed to multiple vertebral hemangiomas (MVH) with epidural extension (i.e. resulting in D1-D3 significant cord compression.), plus congenital cutaneous lesions at the D2-D7 levels. Following preoperative angioembolisation, a D1-D7 laminectomy was performed along with a C7-D8 pedicle screw fixation. Pathologically the bone and cutaneous lesions were spinal cavernous hemangiomas. Postoperatively, the patient regained normal function. As complete excision was not feasible, he subsequently received radiotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. Conclusion MVH with multilevel epidural extension resulting in significant cord compression and congenital cutaneous lesions should undergo attempted tumor excision followed by radiation therapy where complete removal is not feasible.
BEDROCK MOTIONS COMPUTED FROM SURFACE SEISMOGRAMS

The method of characteristics is used to compute seismic bedrock motions which caused recorded transient motions at the ground surface. The method is based on a feed-forward process and may be characterized as a method of synthesis; it is termed the "base motion synthesis" method. Shear waves traveling normal through soil deposits of constant thickness resting on horizontal or inclined rigid bedrock are considered. The soil is assumed to react either as a linear viscoelastic material (Voigt solid), or as a strain-softening material. Ramberg-Osgood type shearing stress-shearing strain curves are used to model the nonlinear behavior of the soil. In this case, a centered implicit scheme is used in conjunction with the method of characteristics. Two examples are presented to illustrate the use and the accuracy of the base motion synthesis method. Nonlinear soil behavior is realistically treated and computational time is significantly reduced by using the base motion synthesis method. /Author/
Race, genes, power.

. . . [T]he thing is, we treat racism in this country like it’s a style that America went through. Like flared legs and lava lamps. Oh, that crazy thing we did.We were hanging black people. We treat it like a fad instead of a disease that eradicates millions of people. You’ve got to get it at a lab, and study it, and see its origins, and see what it’s immune to and what breaks it down. (Chris Rock, interviewed by Frank Rich, New York Magazine 2014)
The minimal time detection algorithm of changes in control parameters and its application to flight systems

There exists a significant interest in enhancing current flight systems so that they can reconfigure the controls to maintain adequate levels of performance even if there are complete failures in one or more of the actuators or sensors. A control system is designed such that it can autonomously achieve a high level goal, while its components, plant models and control laws are not completely defined, either because they were not known at the design time or because they changed unexpected due to random changes. So, system parameters should be tracked on-line to build a highly adaptive control system even though there exists a random change. For this purpose, a new performance index that the author is developing is the speed of adaptation-how quickly does the system determine that a change occurred? Therefore, a new, robust algorithm that is optimized to minimize the time delay in detecting a change for a fixed false alarm probability is proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm works fairly well and one of distinguishing properties is that detection delay of the algorithm is superior to that of the Whiteness test. >
Colloidal Gold Cytochemistry of Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase, 1,4-β-D-Glucan Cellobiohydrolase, and Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase: Ultrastructure of Sound and Decayed Birch Wood

Colloidal gold coupled to endo-1,4-β-glucanase II (EG II) and 1,4-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I), isolated from Trichoderma reesei (QM9414), and endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Aureobasium pullulans (NRRLY-2311-1) was used successfully to determine the ultrastructural localization of cellulose and xylan in sound birch wood. In addition, these enzyme-gold complexes demonstrated the distribution of cellulose and xylan after decay by three white rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phellinus pini, and Trametes versicolor, and one brown rot fungus, Fomitopis pinicola. Transverse sections of sound wood showed that EG II was localized primarily on the S1 layer of the secondary wall, whereas CBH I labeled all layers of the secondary wall. Oblique sections showed a high concentration of gold labeling, using EG II or CBH I. Preference for the sides of the microfibrillar structure was observed for both EG II and CBH I, whereas only CBH I had a specificity for the cut ends of microfibrils. Labeling with the xylanase-gold complex occurred primarily in the inner regions of the S2 layer, S1, and the middle lamella. In contrast, little labeling occurred in the middle lamella with EG II or CBH I. Intercellular regions within the cell corners of the middle lamella were less electron dense and labeled positively when EG II- and xylanase-gold were used. Wood decayed by P. chrysosporium or P. pini was delignified, and extensive degradation of the middle lamella was evident. The remaining secondary walls labeled with EG II and CBH I, but little labeling was found with the xylanase-gold complex. Wood decayed by T. versicolor was nonselective, and erosion of all cell wall layers was apparent. Remaining wall layers near sites of erosion labeled with both EG II and CBH I. Erosion troughs that reached the S1 layer or the middle lamella had less xylanase-gold labeling in the adjacent cell wall that remained. Brown-rotted wood had very low levels of gold particles present in sections treated with EG II or xylanase. Labeling with CBH I had the lowest concentrations in the S2 layer near cell lumina and corresponded to sites with the most extensive degradation.
Leaving an Insular Community: The Case of Ultra Orthodox Jews

This article describes a study that used a qualitative mythology to capture the lived experience of individuals who grew up in Ultra Orthodox and Chasidic communities and left to explore a new path. A convenience sample of 19 individuals from the New York area was used. Non structured individual in-depth interviews were conducted to learn how these individuals perceive, describe, and interpret their experience. The interviews were content-analyzed. This analysis yielded six main themes: The nature of the process (beginnings, intellectual vs. relational motivation, phases, and pivotal points), social attitudes (of the families and the community), emotional issues, challenges, and coping strategies (reaching compromises and reasoning, relocating to a different geographical area, pretending, developing a “thick skin”, and catching up), support sources, current view of the Ultra Orthodox community and of self. These themes are discussed and illustrated. Implications for intervention and for future research are suggested.
Quantifying the credibility of energy projections from trends in past data: the US energy sector

For energy forecasts to be useful in modelling or in policy efforts, the associated uncertainties must be known reliably. We analyse the actual errors in past forecasts of over 170 energy producing and consuming sectors of the US economy. We find that the often assumed normal distribution fails to model frequency of extreme outcomes (those lying far from the mean) accurately. Triangular distributions perform even worse as they assign zero probability to the outliers. We develop a simple one-parameter model that can be used to estimate a probability distribution for future projections. In addition to energy forecasts, our method can be applied to any field where a history of forecasting is available.
Energy coupling of the hexose phosphate transport system in Escherichia coli.

The active transport of hexose phosphates in Escherichia coli was inhibited by many uncouplers or inhibitors of oxidative metabolism. Fluoride and the lipid soluble cation, triphenylmethylphosphonium, had little effect. The uninduced level of transport was sensitive to fluoride, but not to azide. After energy uncoupling of active transport, the cells could equilibrate their intracellular water with the glucose-6-phosphate in the medium and displayed exit counter-flow suggesting the existence of carrier-mediated transport in the energy-uncoupled cells. The uncoupled transport of glucose-6-phosphate was inhibited by fructose-6-phosphate; the uninduced level of glucose-6-phosphate transport was not inhibited by fructose-6-phosphate. After energy uncoupling, the influx had a low affinity suggesting that, unlike the transport of β-galactosides, the energy coupling for the active transport of hexose phosphate involved a change in the affinity of influx.
Counting rational points on curves over finite fields

We consider the problem of counting the number of points on a plane curve, given by a homogeneous polynomial F/spl isin/F/sub p/[x, y, z], which is rational over the ground field F/sub p/. More precisely, we show that if we are given a projective plane curve C of degree n, and if C has only ordinary multiple points, then one can compute the number of F/sub p/-rational points on C in randomized time (log p)/sup /spl Delta// where /spl Delta/=(degF)/sup O(1/). The complexity of this construction improves previously known bounds for this problem by at least an order of magnitude. >
Response to "Is post-operative radiotherapy of any benefit after R0 resection for N2 disease?".

We thank Drs Cerfolio and Estes (1) for their comments in regard to our recently published analysis from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) exploring the utility of post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (2). As they note, while the strength of such a multi-institutional database lies in its numbers (in this case, more than 4,000 patients), there is an expected loss of data fidelity and granularity. For example, in our analysis we had a limited ability to explore questions of lymph node station involvement, number of nodes, or completeness of lymph node sampling due to incomplete or completely missing data. As such, we could not control for these variables in our multivariate modeling. However, with respect to questions of lymph node involvement or sampling, it would be expected that those patients with less favorable features (incomplete dissection, more lymph node involvement, etc.,) would be more likely to receive PORT. It if were possible to account for this likely stacking of less favorable patients in the PORT group, it seems possible that we may have seen an even larger benefit to PORT. Nonetheless, such an imbalance could not reverse the survival curves, and therefore we believe our overall conclusions remain sound. Additionally, we appreciate Dr. Cerfolio and Estes’ kind comments regarding the importance of our analysis in the absence of randomized data, and echo our support for randomized trials such as Lung ART.
High-Speed Integrated Circuit Testing by Time-Resolved Photoemission

The growing complexity of integrated circuits (IC) and the rapid development in VHSICs require contactless testing methods for logic state analysis and waveform measurements on internal nodes of VLSI chips. Considering the fast evolution of VLSI/VHSIC technologies, a contactless testing method has simultaneously to provide challenging features like high-voltage resolution (mV), high spatial resolution (sub-micrometer), and high time resolution (ps) in a short testing time. In addition to these requirements, it is desired that the method should be applicable to all technologies, e.g., Si as well as GaAs-based ones.