cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Career of Rich and Rewarding Compromises

Beth Doll began her career in school psychology during an era when four out of every five university faculty members were men. She worked as a school psychologist in Kentucky, coordinator of a university-affiliated clinic in Wisconsin, director of an Educational Specialist program in school psychology in Colorado, and faculty and sometimes director of a doctoral/educational specialist program in Nebraska. Her early experiences as an anti-war demonstrator foretold her lifelong commitment to social activism and policy advocacy, a commitment evidenced in her professional goal of promoting children’s mental health and psychological well-being by transforming mental health policies and practices in elementary and secondary schools.
Finding new creative solutions is a key component in world-class competitive bouldering

Bouldering is a sport climbing discipline in which short, extremely difficult climbing routes, so-called boulder problems, have to be mastered. Besides excellent physical condition, the ability to read a boulder and to generate motor solutions for the boulder problem is probably a performance-determining factor. In a full survey of all participants of the 2017 Bouldering World Cups we investigated how athletes deal with an unsuccessful first attempt. We distinguish between follow-up attempts in which athletes retry the same solution as before and follow-up attempts in which they find a new solution. We could show that the success rate of new solutions is substantially higher than the repetition of the old solution. Furthermore, there is a correlation with the frequency of finding new solutions and the position in the world ranking. We conclude that the ability to create several solutions for boulder problems is a very important component of performance in bouldering.
Achieving High Individual Service-Levels Without Safety Stock? Optimal Rationing Policy of Pooled Resources

Resource pooling is a fundamental concept that has many applications in Operations Management for reducing and hedging uncertainty. An important problem in resource pooling is to decide (1) the capacity level of pooled resources in anticipation of random demand of multiple customers and (2) how the capacity should be allocated to fulfill customer demands after demand realization. In this paper, we present a general framework to study this two-stage problem when customers require individual and possibly different service levels. Our modeling framework generalizes and unifies many existing models in the literature, and includes second-stage allocation costs. We propose a simple randomized rationing policy for any fixed feasible capacity level. Our main result is the optimality of this policy for very general service level constraints, including Type-I and Type-II constraints and beyond. The result follows from a semi-infinite linear programming formulation of the problem and its dual. As a corollary, we also prove the optimality of index policies for a large class of problems when the set of feasible fulfilled demands is a polymatroid.
Retrorubral field is a hub for diverse threat and aversive outcome signals.

Summary Adaptive fear scales to the degree of threat and requires diverse neural signals for threat and aversive outcome. We propose that the retrorubral field (RRF), a midbrain region containing A8 dopamine, is a neural origin of such signals. To reveal these signals, we recorded RRF single-unit activity while male rats discriminated danger, uncertainty, and safety. Many RRF neurons showed firing extremes to danger and safety that framed intermediate firing to uncertainty. The remaining neurons showed unique, threat-selective cue firing patterns. Diversity in firing direction, magnitude, and temporal characteristics led to the detection of at least eight functional neuron types. Neuron types defined with respect to threat showed unique firing patterns following aversive outcome. The result was RRF signals for foot shock receipt, positive prediction error, anti-positive prediction error, persistent safety, and persistent threat. The diversity of threat and aversive outcome signals points to a key role for the RRF in adaptive fear.
A reexamination of pre-service physical education teacher attitudes toward school-based health-related fitness testing in the USA:

Pre-service physical education teachers (PPETs) may be implementing health-related fitness testing (HRFT) in schools in the future. Thus, exploring their attitudes toward HRFT would help us underst...
Drone service response: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity implications

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, often called drones, have rapidly emerged for commercial and personal use in recent years. Drones are a promising and effective transportation mode because they can travel faster than traditional ground-based vehicles, particularly when obstacles limit quick response or in cases of congestion. An important consideration for drones is that travel times are impacted in various ways by real-time local conditions, including weather and terrain. While goods and supplies can be acquired at more traditional outlets (e.g., stores, warehouses, restaurants, hospitals, fire stations, etc.), drones are being increasingly relied upon to extend access, particularly for special services associated with food, drug, and equipment delivery. The reason is that they can reliably access almost anywhere, providing quick response without the need for more expensive (and larger) vehicles that are restricted to congested roadways. How to locate drone base stations and allocate service in order to optimize overall response is a challenging task, especially given spatiotemporal heterogeneity in distributed demand and service response times/costs that can vary over a day. This paper introduces an extension of p-median problem to aid in the deployment of a drone system that accounts for continuous planar travel costs. Results show that drone travel times can be significantly reduced across a region. A key feature in this work is the representation of both demand and flight trajectories across a continuous terrain.
Magnetotail Reconnection Asymmetries in a Small, Earth-Like Magnetosphere

Abstract. We use a newly developed global Hall MHD code to investigate how reconnection drives magnetotail asymmetries in small magnetospheres. Here, we consider a scaled-down, Earth-like magnetosphere where the ion inertial length (δi) is artificially inflated to one planetary radius (the real Earth's δi ≈ 1/15–1/20 RE in the magnetotail). This results in a magnetotail width on the order of 30 δi, slightly smaller than Mercury's tail and much smaller than Earth's. At this small size, we find that the Hall effect has significant impact on the global flow pattern, changing from a symmetric, Dungey-like convection under resistive MHD to an asymmetric pattern similar to that found in previous Hall MHD simulations of Ganymede's subsonic magnetosphere as well as other simulations of Mercury's using multi-fluid or embedded kinetic physics. We demonstrate that the Hall effect is sufficient to induce a dawnward asymmetry in observed dipolarization front locations and find quasi-periodic global scale dipolarizations under steady, southward solar wind conditions. On average, we find a thinner current sheet dawnward; however, the measured thickness oscillates with the dipolarization cycle. During the flux-pileup stage, the dawnward current sheet can be thicker than the duskward sheet. This could be an explanation for recent observations that suggest Mercury's current sheet is actually thicker on the duskside: a sampling bias due to a longer-lasting "thick" state in the sheet.
Thermal resistance of thermal conductive adhesive anchored carbon nanotubes interface material

Abstract Due to their high intrinsic axial thermal conductivity, carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have generated much interest as next generation thermal interface materials. A significant barrier in their future use is CNT-substrate thermal boundary resistance. For this reason much research has been done in examining improved array adhesion methods. This paper models the thermal resistance of a novel interface structure which shows promise in achieving low thermal resistance and high mechanical compliance. Through the use of a thermal conductive adhesive attachment, overall thermal resistances below 1 mm2 KW−1 can potentially be achieved using a vertically aligned CNT array, which will enable development of future high performance electronic packages.
Recovery of parathyroid hormone secretion after parathyroid adenomectomy

Using a sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay which detects only intact human PTH-(l–84), we studied the kinetics of PTH secretion in 19 patients undergoing unilateral neck exploration and removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Preoperative serum PTH values averaged 116 ng/L (normal, 12–65 ng/L). In 8 patients in whom intraoperative sampling was performed, clearance of PTH-(l–84) was rapid, with virtual disappearance of PTH by 120 min after clamping the vascular pedicle to the adenoma. Analysis of the rate of disappearance of PTH-(1–84) indicated an exponential decay with a half-life of 21 min. Thirteen of 19 patients had serum PTH values less than 1 ng/L within 8 h after parathyroidectomy. Recovery of PTH secretion from the suppressed nonsurgically manipulated parathyroid tissue occurred during the nadir of postoperative hypocalcemia. Serum PTH was greater than 10 ng/L in 16 of 19 patients 30 h after removal of the PTH adenoma. Therefore, the functional recovery of atrophic parathyroid tissue is more rap...
Uniform domains and quasiconformal mappings on the Heisenberg group

We prove that in the Heisenberg group the image of a uniform domain under a global quasiconformal homeomorphism is still a uniform domain. As a consequence, the class of NTA (non-tangentially accessible) domains in the Heisenberg group is also quasiconformally invariant. A large class of non-differentiable Lipschitz quasiconformal homeomorphisms is constructed. The images of smooth domains under these rough mappings give a class of non-smooth NTA domains in the Heisenberg group.
Abstract 5247: Comprehensive and systematic identification of miR-215 targets in colon cancer via a novel translation capture immunoprecipitation (TrIP) approach

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The important roles that non-coding miRNAs play in cancer development, makes the investigation of the various genes they target particularly crucial. In addition to targeting mRNA transcripts for degradation, miRNA can also alter gene expression at the translational level to achieve rapid regulation. It has been a technical challenge to study translational control using a small number of cells. We have overcome this hurdle by developing a translational capture immunoprecipitation approach (TrIP) to investigate RNA binding proteins or non-coding RNA regulation at the translational level from a small numbers of cells. The new approach is based on the fact that nascent translated polypeptides are associated with hsp70 chaperones along with actively translating mRNA transcript complexes, called polyribosomes. We are able to isolate actively translating mRNA from free cytoplasmic mRNA by immunoprecipitation of hsp70 associated polyribosome complexes. In this study, we utilize this novel approach to identify both degraded and non-degraded mRNA transcripts targeted by miR-215 in colon cancer. Following miR-215 overexpression in colon cancer cells, actively translating mRNA transcripts were isolated using the TrIP technique and purified following standard RNA isolation techniques. We were able to identify additional non-degraded mRNA targets regulated by miR-215 using a TrIP with transcriptome-wide microarray based approach, when compared to a generic approach based on steady state total RNA that can only identify degraded targets. Specific targets were independently validated using qRT-PCR analysis. We further validated miR-215 targets at the protein level with a comprehensive and high-throughput quantitative SILAC proteomics analysis. Protein targets were further validated using Western blotting with select positive control targets including TYMS, DTL and DHFR. This approach offers the unique opportunity to understand not only the mRNA targets a miRNA may target for degradation, but also those it regulates at the translational level, providing unique insight into the actions of miRNAs. Interest in this type of thorough analysis of different miRNAs or RNA binding proteins will likely continue to grow as the important roles miRNA play in cancer are further investigated. Citation Format: Andrew Fesler, Xiao Xu, Emily Chen, Jingfang Ju. Comprehensive and systematic identification of miR-215 targets in colon cancer via a novel translation capture immunoprecipitation (TrIP) approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5247. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5247
Hölder estimates for subelliptic operators

Abstract We will study optimal Holder estimates for equations of type (∗) L λ u= ∂ 2 u ∂x 2 +|x| 2λ ∂ 2 u ∂y 2 =f(x,y), where λ is an arbitrary positive number.
LOCAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL

We use a near-field scanning optical microscope to study optical transmission through a two-dimensional triangular photonic crystal. Spatial variations in the intensity of light coupled through the sample depend on the photon energy and the numerical aperture of the collection optics. We discuss the relationship between the observed dependence and the local structure of the optical modes in the crystal. Features in the data arising from modes with Fourier components inside and outside the first Brillouin zone can be distinguished by this technique.
Preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: Intuitive and counter-intuitive findings

Abstract The disease now called AIDS was first reported among injecting drug users in 1981. This article reviews the last 15 years of research on preventing HIV infection and AIDS among injecting drug users. Many of the findings were surprising in the context of previous understandings of the illicit injection of psychoactive drugs—both with respect to the much-larger-than-expected size of the epidemic and the much-greater-than-expected potential for behavior change among drug injectors (IDU). The research is reviewed within a framework of eight issues: the importance of the problem in the United States, the global diffusion of injecting drug use, the global diffusion of HIV among IDUs, potential rapid spread of HIV among IDUs, risk reduction among IDUs, community-level prevention, syringe exchange programs, and developing a public-health perspective on psychoactive drug use.
A comparison of the optical, IR, electron spin resonance and conductivity properties of a-Ge1−xCx:H with a-Ge:H and a-Ge thin films prepared by r.f. sputtering

Abstract Amorphous germanium (a-Ge), hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) and hydrogenated amorphous germanium carbide (a-Ge1−xCx:H) films were prepared by r.f. sputtering at various r.f. power levels and ratios of gases. The Tauc- determined optical gaps of the films calculated are in the range 0.55–0.66 eV for a-Ge, 0.62–1.19 eV for a-Ge:H and higher than 0.95 eV for a-Ge1−xCx:H. The slopes of the absorption curves of the films yield the usually observed values of the Urbach coefficients E0, namely 115 meV ⩽ E0 ⩽ 450 meV. The concentrations of GeH and CH bands were determined from Fourier transform IR spectra. Auger spectroscopy was used to determine the C:Ge ratio of some samples. The electron spin resonance defect spin densities range from 2.8 × 1017 to 7.84 × 1020 spins cm−3. Dark conductivity and photoconductivity of the films were measured with an intensity of 50 mW cm−2 at the sample surface. These films are unsuitable for single-cell photovoltaic devices because their optical gaps are less than 1.2 eV.
What's good for the goose should be good for the gander--6-MP use in fathers with inflammatory bowel disease.

What's good for the goose should be good for the gander—6-MP use in fathers with inflammatory bowel disease
Qualitative Relational Career Assessment: A Constructivist Paradigm

Consistent with calls for postmodern and constructivist approaches to career counseling and assessment, a systematic review of qualitative approaches to the assessment of work and relationships is timely. Situated within a constructivist paradigm, a conceptual rationale for the qualitative assessment of relational influences within the career domain is presented, together with a comprehensive review of the state of the art of current qualitative relational career assessment practices. This review is followed by a recommendation to move the field forward toward a more contextualized view of work embedded within the relational domains of life.
Studies on indices and causes of prolificacy in rats.

THE objects of this study were twofold: to determine if indices of prolificacy could be developed; to ascertain the cause of the difference in prolificacy in two inbred strains of rats. Studies with chickens (Hays, 1924), and with turkeys (Asmundson, 1941) have shown an inverse relationship between age at sexual maturity and egg production; the early maturing birds produced a greater number of eggs. Thus it would appear that age at sexual maturity is an index, at least in part, of the fun tional capacity of the ovary in these species. A similar relationship apparently exists between sexual maturity and prolificacy in swine. Phillips and Zeller (1943) found that sexual maturity occurred at an earlier age in largetype Poland China sows than in small-type animals and Hetzer and Brier (1940) working with the same stocks found that prolificacy was greater in the large type. In other words, the more prolific strain matured earlier.
Ungulate exclusion, conifer thinning and mule deer forage in northeastern New Mexico

The southwestern United States has experienced expansion of conifer species (Juniperus spp. and Pinus ponderosa) into areas of semi-arid grassland over the past century. The expansion of conifers can limit palatable forage and reduce grass and forb communities. Conifer species are sometimes thinned through hydraulic mulching or selective cutting. We assessed the effects of these treatments on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) habitat in northeastern New Mexico to determine if conifer thinning improved cover of preferred forage species for mule deer in areas with and without ungulates. We measured plant cover and occurrence of preferred forage species in the summers of 2011 and 2012. An ongoing regional drought probably reduced vegetation response, with preferred forage species and herbaceous cover responding to conifer thinning or ungulate exclusion immediately following treatment, but not the following year. In 2011, areas that received thinning treatments had a higher abundance of preferred forage when compared to sites with no treatment. Grass coverage exhibited an immediate response in 2011, with ungulate exclosures containing 8% more coverage than areas without exclosures. The results suggest that conifer thinning and ungulate exclusion may elicit a positive response, however in the presence of drought; the positive effects are only short-term.
The proposed ICCP certification in systems analysis (CSA)

Systems analysts occupy a unique position within the structure of information processing: They deal not only with the technology and with the creative dimensions of systems development, but also with the resolution of conflict between the objectives of product-oriented users and process-oriented programmers. While this conflict is frequently not open, a form of adversary relationship typically develops between users and software specialists, and the systems analyst becomes the focal point in reducing this alienation. Contemporary methodologies which aid in the systems development process have helped to reduce the friction, but the systems analyst still must frequently assume the role of arbitrator and diplomat.Coupled with the above role is the emerging position of the systems analyst as a quality assurance specialist. As organizations become increasingly dependent upon computer-based information systems, some of which are life-critical, systems analysts must assume greater responsibility for the results — good or bad — of the applications they develop and install. Accountability of this type has always been one distinguishing characteristic of the true professional.Although information processing is itself an evolving discipline, some computing professionals have responsibilities and requisite knowledge more clearly defined than those of the systems analyst. The bodies of knowledge relevant to the information systems manager and the senior programmer are well represented in the content of the two examinations currently offered by the Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals (ICCP): the Certificate in Data Processing (CDP) and the Certificate in Computer Programming (CCP), respectively. The systems analyst remains the primary computer professional not covered by a certification program.
Cost-effective treatment for persons with dual disorders.

Across several indicators of psychosocial adjustment, psychiatric and Substance abuse symptoms, and mental health service costs, standard mental health care augmented by the behavioral skills intervention model was more effective in improving client outcomes and reducing total service costs for those with dual disorders than case management or modified twelve-step recovery.
Analysis and modelling of buck converters output spectrum in CCM with PWM control

Simple and handy formulas for describing the spectrum of switching noise at the output of buck converters in CCM with resistive loads are derived. The formulas can be used by analog/RF designers to predict and account for power supply noise early in the design process. The results of those theoretical formulas are compared to the simulation results using verilog-A macro models, and further verified by measuring the noise spectrum of a standard on-the-shelf buck converter commonly used for large mixed-signal SoCs.
Polylogarithms in the field of omega (a root of a given cubic): Functional equations and ladders

The very special algebraic properties ofω give rise to an extremely rich series of results in the form of polylogarithmic ladders up to the 8th order, with a probable extension to the 9th All but three of the results forn 5 are all found numerically A family of single-variable functional equations up to the 5th order is developed to explain the presence of the remaining formulas forn ≤ 5, but is incapable of extension to the 6th order
Acute surgical complications of fractures

Abstract The need for early recognition of associated injuries to the soft parts in the patient with fractures has prompted this effort. The essential features of the more common and serious complications have been stressed. Attention has been given in some detail to associated injuries of the head, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera and their management.
Topological characterization of families of graphs generated by certain types of graph grammars

A precise topological characterization of classes of graphs generated by certain context free graph grammars (CFGG) is given. An informal interpretation of the results is that CFGG cannot generate any interesting classes of graphs besides trees and series-parallel networks, except in trivial ways (e.g. by including subgraphs of higher connectivity explicitly in the production rules).
Conformational analysis of saturated heterocycles substituted final ozonides

Conformational analyses of cis- and trans-2-butene final ozonide (a 1,2,4-trioxolane) and a series of singly substituted final ozonides have been performed. The calculations are in agreement with experimentally determined structures and indicate the applicability of the approximate molecular orbital method CNDO/2 to conformational analyses of other oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds.
Simulation-aided development of the Hawaii swine research programme

Abstract A computer model is presented to estimate the quantitative impact of future research/extension activities in various aspects of swine production on the profit of an average swine producer in Hawaii. The model was designed and used to generate information for making decisions regarding funding of future research/extension projects in the swine production area. The computer model has two components. The first simulates the biological production behaviour of a typical pig enterprise of Hawaii. The General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) language was used to model the stochastic nature of the production. For a given set of biological parameters, this component provides annual production levels, feed consumption and statistics for selecting the capacity of various building facilities. The second component computes annual revenues, costs and rate of return to capital investment over the analysis period by using discounted cash flow method. In addition to other cost and price data, it uses the output of the first component as input.
Isolated duodenal duplication cyst presenting as a complex solid and cystic mass in the upper abdomen

Duodenal duplication cysts are a rare subtype of gastrointestinal duplications cysts. Approximately 5% of gastrointestinal duplication cysts occur in the duodenum. An 18-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain and a subjective abdominal bulge. A computed tomography scan was subsequently performed and showed a solid and cystic mass with wall calcifications in the lesser sac of the upper abdomen. A duodenal duplication cyst was found unexpectedly on histopathologic analysis. This was also an unusual case as there was no evidence of malignancy. Four years after surgery, the patient remains asymptomatic. We present a brief literature review on duodenal duplication cysts and discuss its differential diagnosis.
Arbitrary Metrics Redux.

Reducing the arbitrariness of a metric is distinct from the pursuit of validity, rational zero points, data transformations, standardization, and the types of statistical procedures one uses to analyze interval-level versus ordinal-level data. A variety of theoretical, methodological, and statistical tools can assist researchers who wish to make their metrics less arbitrary. These approaches can be combined with perspectives from classic test theory, item response theory, or other scaling models. The importance of considering arbitrary metrics for some applied areas of research is reemphasized.
The determination of atomic force constants in cubic solid solutions—I. Theory

Abstract A method is described for determining the coupling parameters (force constants) in b.c.c. and f.c.c. solid solutions from measurements of the elastic constants and the diffuse X-ray intensity scattered by static atomic displacements in the solid solution. Both measurements can be made on the same single crystal, the diffuse intensity measurements consisting of radial scans (varying 2Ω only) along the [100], [110], and [111] reciprocal lattice directions. The analysis of the diffuse intensity allows the scattering due to thermal lattice vibrations to be eliminated from measurements at one temperature. With this method, it is possible to determine all of the coupling parameters of the first three coordination shells in b.c.c. solid solutions, while it is necessary to assume that some of the coupling parameters are dependent variables in order to determine the coupling parameters of the first three coordination shells in f.c.c. solid solutions. If one assumes that the third-nearest neighbor forces in the f.c.c. lattice are central forces, it can be shown that one need know the diffuse intensity along only the [100] and [110] directions in order to determine the remaining independent coupling parameters of the first three coordination shells. The proposed method is applicable to concentrated solid solutions where there are large mass differences in the solute and solvent atoms and where the interaction distances are short-range in nature.
Experimental investigation of the travel-time variance of an acoustic wave propagating through the grid-generated turbulence

An experimental technique for the investigation of the behaviour of acoustic wave propagation through a turbulent medium is discussed. The present study utilizes the ultrasonic travel-time technique to diagnose a grid-generated turbulence. Travel-time variance is studied versus mean flow velocity, travel distance and outer turbulence scale. The effect of thermal fluctuations, which result in fluctuations of sound speed, is studied using a heated-grid experiment. Experimental data obtained using ultrasonic technique confirm numerical and theoretical predictions of nonlinear increase of the travel-time variance with propagation distance, which could be connected to the occurrence of caustics. The effect of turbulent intensity on the travel-time variance and appearance of caustics is studied. It is demonstrated experimentally that the higher turbulence intensity leads to the shorter distance, at which the first caustic occurs. The probability density for caustics appearance is analysed against the measured w...
An Integrated Model for Master Scheduling, Lot Sizing and Capacity Requirements Planning

Although material requirements planning (M.R.P.) allows managers to better plan hierarchical production and inventory systems, much is still left to the planner's intuition and experience in devising realistic master production schedules, selecting appropriate lot sizes for components, and changing capacity levels. Decisions are made sequentially, rather than simultaneously, with no real assurance of satisfactory performance.
Evaluation of Barley Straw and a Commercial Probiotic for Controlling Prymnesium parvum in Fish Production Ponds

Abstract Since 2001, the ichthyotoxic microalga Prymnesium parvum has caused major fish kills in 13 U.S. states, including Texas, raising concerns about its impacts on hatchery fish production, sport fisheries, and local economies. We investigated the efficacy of two natural products, barley Hordeum vulgare straw and the probiotic Liquid Live Micro-Organisms (LLMO) System in controlling P. parvum and its ichthyotoxicity. Their effects on factors essential for successful production of fingerling fish (i.e., water quality, nutrient levels, phytoplankton biomass and composition, zooplankton density and composition, and fingerling fish production) were also evaluated. Barley straw and LLMO were individually tested during summer and fall 2004 in hatchery ponds for 140 d (experiment 1). Four ponds were treated with barley straw applied once at the beginning of the study at 252 kg/ha, and four ponds received LLMO at a rate of 1 L/56,718 L of pond water at 2-week intervals throughout the study. Another four ponds...
PGE2 receptors and synthesis in human gastric mucosa: perturbation in cancer

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that prostanoids are an important participant in the pathobiology of gastric adenocarcinoma, but the location and identity of cells in tumor-adjacent gastric mucosa able to synthesize and/or bind specific prostanoids is not clear. Using probes for cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA and protein as well as for the EP family of PGE 2 receptors, we sought to define the biology of prostanoids in adjacent human gastric mucosa at the site of tumor invasion. In mucosa adjacent to an invasive gastric adenocarcinoma, expression of cyclooxygenase was prominent, with COX 1 primarily in mucosal T lymphocytes surrounding nests of tumor cells. Densitometry showed these tumor-adjacent cells had substantial levels of COX 1 immunoreactive protein (relative intensity, 3.2). Cyclooxygenase 2 was newly expressed among these cells as well, but was limited in number ( + mononuclear cells, adjacent to tumor, strongly expressed prostanoid receptor EP 4 (relative intensity, 8.0), but cells with this receptor were not evident in the tumor itself. In contrast, normal gastric mucosa showed a consistent and structured expression of cyclooxygenase and PGE 2 receptor immunoreactive protein among mucosal cells. Cyclooxygenase 1 and PGE 2 receptor EP 4 were expressed on mucosal CD3 + T lymphocytes in the lumenal (upper) third of gastric mucosa; and prostanoid receptors EP 2 , EP 3 and EP 4 , on gastric epithelia lining gastric pits. In situ hybridization with COX cDNAs confirmed these findings, and neither COX 2-specific mRNA nor protein was detected in normal gastric tissue. Our studies suggest that synthetic machinery and receptors for PGE 2 , prominently expressed by T lymphocytes in gastric mucosa at the boundary of normal mucosa with tumor cells, may play a central role in prostanoid-driven tumorigenesis of this tissue.
Summertime atmospheric ozone measurements above the Gap-Tallard Aerodome, France

Ozone data are presented which were obtained from seven balloon-borne ECC (Electrochemical Concentration Cell) ozonesonde/radiosonde experiments launched from Gap, France in the Haute Alps between 24 and 27 June 1998. These launches were carried out with the support of the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). Small, 1200 gram balloons were used to provide in situ measurements of ozone, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, temperature and temperature fluctuations. The balloons were launched during the spring/summer transition, a period of minimum upper air winds. The ozone height profiles obtained from the in situ measurements reveal interesting patterns in the ozone concentrations above and below the tropopause level at 12.5 km. There is some evidence that the ozone concentration is affected by wave activity. The balloon data taken over the period from 24 to 27 June 1998 are within 4% to 5% of the TOMS (Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) data.
E-Resource Statistics: What to Do When You Have No Money

Libraries are moving toward electronic resource management systems (ERMSs) to track their usage statistics, but these can be expensive to purchase and maintain. For some libraries, an ERMS can be cost-prohibitive, but they still need to justify the renewal of databases and e-journals to their budget officers or determine which e-resources should be cancelled. Using spreadsheets to track e-resource usage statistics and to calculate cost-per-use can be a viable alternative to an ERMS as budgets continue to shrink and libraries are being held increasingly accountable for their purchase decisions.
Long-Horizon Exchange Rate Predictability?

Several authors have recently investigated the predictability of exchange rates by fitting a sequence of long-horizon error-correction equations. We show by means of a simulation study that, in small to medium samples, inference from this regression procedure depends on the null hypothesis that is used to generate empirical critical values. The standard assumption of a stationary error-correction term between exchange rates and fundamentals biases the results in favor of predictive power. Our results show that evidence of long-horizon predictability weakens when using empirical critical values generated under the more stringent null of no cointegration. Likewise, results are weakened using critical values generated under the null that exchange rates and fundamentals are generated by an unrestricted VAR with no integration restrictions.
A cylindrical-section ultrasound phased-array applicator for hyperthermia cancer therapy

A phased-array applicator geometry for deep localized hyperthermia is presented. The array consists of rectangular transducer elements forming a section of a cylinder that conforms to the body portals in the abdominal and pelvic regions. Focusing and scanning properties of the cylindrical-section array are investigated in homogeneous lossy media using appropriate computer simulations. The characteristic focus of this array is shown to be spatially limited in both transverse and longitudinal directions with intensity gain values suitable for deep hyperthermia applications. The ability of the cylindrical-section phased array to generate multiple foci using the field conjugation method is examined. The effect of the grating lobes on the power deposition pattern of the scanned field is shown to be minimal. Steady-state temperature distributions are simulated using a three-dimensional thermal model of the normal tissue layers surrounding a tumor of typical volume. The advantages and the limitations of this array configuration are discussed. >
Listeria monocytogenes Inhibition in Refrigerated Vacuum Packaged Turkey Bologna by Chemical Additives

Sliced cooked turkey bologna with various additive formulations was surface-inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (2.06–2.75 log CFU/g), vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C. Sodium acetate was most inhibitory against growth of L. monocytogenes, followed by sodium lactate and potassium sorbate, while sodium bicarbonate allowed a maximum net growth of 6.78 log CFU/g, not significantly different (p>0.05) from the control (6.43 log CFU/g). Addition of 0.5% sodium acetate, 2.0% sodium lactate, or 0.26% potassium sorbate may significantly (p<0.05) decrease growth of L. monocytogenes in refrigerated turkey bologna surface-inoculated after thermal processing and slicing.
Time-resolved methods in biophysics. 9. Laser temperature-jump methods for investigating biomolecular dynamics

Many important biochemical processes occur on the time-scales of nanoseconds and microseconds. The introduction of the laser temperature-jump (T-jump) to biophysics more than a decade ago opened these previously inaccessible time regimes up to direct experimental observation. Since then, laser T-jump methodology has evolved into one of the most versatile and generally applicable methods for studying fast biomolecular kinetics. This perspective is a review of the principles and applications of the laser T-jump technique in biophysics. A brief overview of the T-jump relaxation kinetics and the historical development of laser T-jump methodology is presented. The physical principles and practical experimental considerations that are important for the design of the laser T-jump experiments are summarized. These include the Raman conversion for generating heating pulses, considerations of size, duration and uniformity of the temperature jump, as well as potential adverse effects due to photo-acoustic waves, cavitation and thermal lensing, and their elimination. The laser T-jump apparatus developed at the NIH Laboratory of Chemical Physics is described in detail along with a brief survey of other laser T-jump designs in use today. Finally, applications of the laser T-jump in biophysics are reviewed, with an emphasis on the broad range of problems where the laser T-jump methodology has provided important new results and insights into the dynamics of the biomolecular processes.
The neuropsychology of depression and its implications for cognitive therapy.

The past few years have witnessed a growing interest in the specialty of neuropsychology as well as continued support for cognitive therapy of depression. The purpose of this paper is the examination of the neuropsychology of depression and its implications for A. T. Beck's cognitive theory and therapy of depression ([1963] “Thinking and Depression: Idiosyncratic Content and Cognitive Distortions,”Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 9, pp. 324–333; [1964] “Thinking and Depression,”Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 10, pp. 561–571; [1967]Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects, New York: Harper & Row). Specifically, the neuropsychological and cognitive theory and therapy literatures related to depression are reviewed followed by an antegration of these areas. Neuropsychological evidence is presented that both supports cognitive theory and therapy of depression and helps explain why such therapy may prove ineffective in treating depression. Implications for clinical practice, including neuropsychological assessment of depressives, and potential future research directions are also provided.
Reassessment of Brain Free Fatty Acid Liberation During Global Ischemia and Its Attenuation by Barbiturate Anesthesia

: We previously reported that whole-brain free fatty acids (FFA) rose almost linearly for up to 1 h after decapitation of unanesthetized rats and was significantly attenuated by pentobarbital anesthesia. However, our values for total FFA and arachidonic, stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids were severalfold higher than those obtained by previous investigators. Based upon the suggestion that this may be due to FFAs released from di- and triglycerides in the quantitation of FFAs, we have now analyzed and improved our procedures for TLC separation of FFA and reassessed the accumulation of FFA in whole brain during decapitation ischemia in unanesthetized and pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. FFA levels in whole brain after 0.5 min of ischemia were one-half to one- fourth the levels previously reported after 1 min of ischemia. The rise in FFA between 0.5 and 60 min of ischemia was 9-fold for total FFA, and between 7 and 12-fold for each of the FFAs quantitated. Pentobarbital significantly attenuated the rise of all FFAs with, however, greater effects on oleic and palmitic acids than previously reported.
Bringing J2ME industry practice into the classroom

This paper describes efforts to use industry wireless software development practices in the classroom. Nokia's OK Java 2 Platform Micro Edition (J2ME) application certification program was chosen for use in a core set of wireless software engineering courses. The adaptation process included 1) modifying Nokia OK application standards for classroom use as examples of what is expected of industry-quality software; 2) incorporating Nokia OK software development tools into a student-friendly software development environment; and 3) implementing in-house Nokia OK certification procedures as a basis for assessing student projects and providing feedback.
Haptic recognition of children with specific language impairment: effects of response modality.

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have been shown to exhibit deficient nonlinguistic symbolic functioning as indexed by their poor haptic recognition. Previous findings from conventi...
Antibodies to the C-terminus of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP): a site specific marker for the detection of traumatic axonal injury

Antibodies to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are commonly used to detect traumatic axonal injury (TAI). Carried by fast anterograde axoplasmic transport, APP will pool at regions of impaired transport associated with TAI. Based primarily upon commercial antibody availability, previous studies have targeted the N-terminus of APP, which, with respect to antigen detection, is suboptimally located within anterogradely transported vesicles. Recently, antibodies to the APP C-terminus, located on the external surface of anterogradely transported vesicles, have become available, allowing for the exploration of their utility in detecting TAI. To this end, rats were subjected to an impact acceleration injury, surviving 30 min to 24 h post-injury. They were then perfused, their brains sectioned and prepared for dual label immunofluorescent microscopy, single label bright field microscopy, and electron microscopy (EM). Antibodies to the APP C-terminus yielded the ready detection of intensely labeled TAI with significantly reduced diffuse background staining in comparison to antibodies to the APP N-terminus in both dual label immunofluorescent and single label bright-field approaches. EM examination of antibodies to the APP C-terminus in TAI revealed intense labeling of pooled intra-axonal vesicular profiles, confirming the anterogradely transported vesicular source of the APP seen in TAI. Interestingly, in addition to providing a technically superior approach and new detailed information on the subcellular localization of APP, antibodies to the APP C-terminus also proved more cost effective. Immunofluorescent studies of APP C-terminus immunoreactivity involved 1/3 the cost of targeting the N-terminus, while bright field APP C-terminus studies were performed for 1/20 the cost.
A method for quantitation of human leukocyte adhesion to glass.

SummaryA new method for quantitation of leukocyte adhesion to glass is described. Using this method, it was possible to demonstrate the adverse effects of low temperature, sodium arsenite, divalent...
Effects of processing on mechanical properties and microstructure of a ceramic composite

Abstract The effects of processing on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of a Tyranno SiC fibre-reinforced zirconia titanate composite were evaluated. The microstructure was analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical behaviour was characterized by strength and toughness measurements, which were correlated with the microstructure of the composite and its fibre/matrix interface. BN-coated fibres modified the interfacial microstructure by allowing debonding and fibre pull-out to occur. Incorporating CO-treated fibres and hot-pressing in an atmosphere of CO at an overpressure of 111.5 kPa limited fibre degradation during consolidation and resulted in improved in situ fibre strength. As a result, a strong (705 MPa) and tough ( 17.1 MPa m 1 2 ) Tyranno SiC fibre-reinforced composite was fabricated via hot-pressing at 1270°C at an applied pressure of 17.25 MPa.
Large Linguistic Areas and Language Sampling

Le phenomene de parente areale peut s'etendre jusqu'a un continent, ne peut donc etre neglige au profit d'une typologie " preferentielle " des langues du monde. L'auteur propose une methode d'echantillonnage
Direct Immobilization of Glutamate Dehydrogenase on Optical Fiber Probes for Ultrasensitive Glutamate Detection

Ultrasensitive glutamate monitoring is important in a variety of areas of biochemical analysis. We have developed a glutamate sensor with micrometer to submicrometer diameter. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been directly immobilized onto an optical fiber probe surface through covalent binding mechanisms. An optical fiber surface is initially activated by silanization, which adds amine groups (NH2) to the surface. We then affix functional groups CHO to the optical fiber surface by employing a bifunctional cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde. The amino acids of GDH molecules (or other biomolecules) readily attach to these free CHO groups on the fiber surface. Optimal immobilization of GDH occurred between 20 and 25 h in the enzyme solution. The immobilized GDH enzyme molecules on the fiber surface have shown high enzymatic activity. The sensor is able to detect its substrate, glutamate, by monitoring the fluorescence of NADH, a product of the reaction between NAD+ and glutamate. The concentration detecti...