cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cardiovascular effects of mu- and delta-opioid receptor antagonists in dogs with congestive heart failure

We have shown previously that right heart failure (RHF) in dogs is associated with activated endogenous opiate systems, and that administration of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, increases arterial pressure, cardiac contractile function and organ blood flows. To study whether the cardiovascular effects of naloxone are mediated via the mu- or delta-opioid receptors, we administered ICI-154,129, a delta-receptor antagonist, and naloxonazine, a mu-receptor antagonist, to 10 conscious dogs with RHF on 2 separate days. Like naloxone, ICI-154,129 increased mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, peak positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure, and blood flows to the myocardium, kidneys, splanchnic beds, and skeletal muscle. These changes were associated with increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine. In contrast, naloxonazine had no effects on systemic hemodynamics, regional blood flow distribution, and plasma catecholamines in RHF. These findings suggest that the increased endogenous opioids during heart failure act on the delta-opioid receptors to decrease myocardial mechanical performance and alter regional blood flow distribution. Opioid receptor-blocking agents may exert beneficial cardiovascular effects in heart failure.
Immanant Inequalities, Induced Characters, and Rank Two Partitions

If a = {ava2, ..., 0, is a partition of n then Xa denotes the associated irreducible character of Sn, the symmetric group on {1,2,...,«}, and, if ceCSn, the group algebra generated by C and Sn, then dc() denotes the generalized matrix function associated with c. If cvc2eCSn then we write Cj = 1 and as = 2, and a.' denotes {a^otj, . . . ,a8_j, 1'} then ^a ^ (K ® {2))* where f denotes character induction from Sn_2 x S2 to 5n . This in turn implies that if a = {«1,a2,...,as,l } with s> 1, as = 2, and /? denotes {a1 + 2,a2, ...,as_,, 1'} then Xa =< ip which, in conjunction with other known results, provides many new inequalities among immanants. In particular it implies that the permanent function dominates all normalized immanants whose associated partitions are of rank 2, a result which has proved elusive for some years. We also consider the non-relationship problem for immanants that is the problem of identifying pairs, (a,ff) such that Xa = A« and kg ^ Aa are both false.
The Assimilation of American Indians into Urban Society: The Seattle Case

This paper assesses the level of assimilation of Indian Americans living in Seattle, Washington, utilizing a seven stage model of assimilation developed by Gordon (1964). In addition two hypotheses concerning the antecedents of assimilation are tested. The first hypothesis was provided by Gordon who argues that once structural assimilation (primary group membership) has occurred the other stages leading to total assimilation will inevitably follow. The second hypothesis was derived from the assumption underlying Indian relocation programs that once Indian Americans are thrust into urban society they rather quickly blend into mainstream society.The data were collected from separate random samples of Indians and Whites in Seattle, Washington during 1971. The results revealed that on only two of the seven stages did Indians in Seattle evidence a significant level of assimilation. Overall the level of assimilation of Urban Indians was fairly low, especially in the area of political participation and conflict ...
A two-tiered model for simulating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving viruses, with an application to influenza

Understanding the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving pathogens is one of the most challenging problems facing disease ecologists today. To date, many mathematical and individual-based models have provided key insights into the factors that may regulate these dynamics. However, in many of these models, abstractions have been made to the simulated sequences that limit an effective interface with empirical data. This is especially the case for rapidly evolving viruses in which de novo mutations result in antigenically novel variants. With this focus, we present a simple two-tiered ‘phylodynamic’ model whose purpose is to simulate, along with case data, sequence data that will allow for a more quantitative interface with observed sequence data. The model differs from previous approaches in that it separates the simulation of the epidemiological dynamics (tier 1) from the molecular evolution of the virus's dominant antigenic protein (tier 2). This separation of phenotypic dynamics from genetic dynamics results in a modular model that is computationally simpler and allows sequences to be simulated with specifications such as sequence length, nucleotide composition and molecular constraints. To illustrate its use, we apply the model to influenza A (H3N2) dynamics in humans, influenza B dynamics in humans and influenza A (H3N8) dynamics in equine hosts. In all three of these illustrative examples, we show that the model can simulate sequences that are quantitatively similar in pattern to those empirically observed. Future work should focus on statistical estimation of model parameters for these examples as well as the possibility of applying this model, or variants thereof, to other host–virus systems.
Raloxifene: a selective estrogen-receptor modulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis - a clinical update on efficacy and safety

Selective estrogen-receptor modulators are molecules with specific estrogen-receptor binding affinity. Each selective estrogen-receptor modulator induces a unique conformation in the ligand–receptor complex, which leads to transcriptional activation and/or inhibition. Raloxifene 60 mg/day, a benzothiophene selective estrogen-receptor modulator, is approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This article provides an update on new studies and further analyses of clinical trial data for raloxifene. The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial of women with osteoporosis has described the efficacy of raloxifene in decreasing vertebral fracture risk over 4 years. The Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista® (CORE) trial, designed to assess the effects of raloxifene on breast cancer prevention, is a 4-year continuation of MORE. The skeletal and cardiovascular effects of raloxifene in the CORE study were similar to those observed in MORE. The relative risk of developing...
Orphans of the americas: Why the existence of zambo societies has been denied

Much scholarship, in a number of different disciplines, has been devoted to the study of mulattos, and mestizos, but little to zambos. This paper begins with an examination of efforts made in the American colonial period and then demonstrates how internalized decisions made by Indians and African Americans worked against zambo societies.
FORECASTING CODLING MOTH PHENOLOGY BASED ON PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-TIME MODELS

The relationship of pheromone trap catch to emergence and oviposition of the codling moth was defined for the two-generation climate of Michigan. Catch anticipated emergence and oviposition during spring flight when the trap displayed greatest efficiency, but lagged behind emergence and closely followed oviposition during the second generation. Trapping efficiency declined towards the end of the first generation and was generally lower during summer flight. Factors which possibly relate to this efficiency loss are discussed. First catch and the catch peaks in both generations were evaluated as reference points for the prediction of phenological events (particularly egg hatch) in both generations Of four forecasting methods, degree day and developmental unit summations, starting from first catch, for the preoviposition and incubation period were most reliable in predicting the beginning of spring brood egg hatch.
A procedure for the detection and removal of cloud shadow from AVHRR data over land

Although the accurate detection of cloud shadow in AVHRR scenes is important for many atmospheric and terrestrial applications, relatively little work in this area has appeared in the literature. This paper presents a new multispectral algorithm for cloud shadow detection and removal in daytime AVHRR scenes over land. It uses a combination of geometric and optical constraints, derived from the pixel-by-pixel cross-track geometry of the scene and image analysis methods to detect cloud shadow. The procedure works well in tropical and midlatitude regions under varying atmospheric conditions (wet-dry) and with different types of terrain. Results also show that underdetected cloud shadow ran produce errors of 30-40% in observed reflectances for affected pixels. Moreover, radiative transfer calculations show that the effects of cloud shadow are comparable to or exceed those of aerosol contamination for affected pixels. The procedure is computationally efficient and hence could be used to produce improved weather forecast, land cover, and land analysis products. The method is not intended for use under conditions of poor solar illumination and/or poor viewing geometry.
Placental Grafts in Rats

We have previously reported that certain parts of the rat placenta are capable of growth and differentiation when transferred from the uterus to the mother9s omentum (Payne & Payne, 1960). Yolk-sac membrane, transplanted on the 15th day of pregnancy, produced grafts containing a variety of tissues which included epidermoid cysts, mucus-secreting epithelium, muscle, bone, and cartilage. The purpose of this paper is to describe the work in detail and to report the results of further experiments. Methods Stock female rats (Albino Wistar strain) were used throughout except in 2 experiments where male rats of the same strain or stock albino mice were employed. The rats came from a colony at Compton which was not inbred although the population had been ‘closed’ for many years and bulk breeding had been practised. All animals were mature when incorporated in the experiments, rats weighing 200–250 g. and mice 20–25 g.
Uniform Threshold Scalar Quantizer Performance in Wyner-Ziv Coding With Memoryless, Additive Laplacian Correlation Channel

The performance of a uniform-threshhold scalar quantizer in Wyner-Ziv coding is investigated in this paper. To derive analytical expressions we assume the abstract correlation channel from the side information to the source to be encoded is memoryless, additive Laplacian. Furthermore, in order to focus our attention on the performance of the quantizer, the Wyner-Ziv coding scheme is assumed to encode the quantizer output by using perfect Slepian-Wolf coding. Analytical expressions for the operational rate-distortion function are obtained for this case. By evaluating these analytical expressions, we show that scalar quantization with a mid-tread uniform threshhold quantizer, followed by perfect Slepian Wolf coding achieves performance which is close to the theoretical Wyner-Ziv rate-distortion bound at low rates.
High-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator–amplifier system near 3 μm

An ultrafast laser system for the chemically important 3-μm spectral region has been constructed by means of noncritically phased-matched KTiOPO4 optical parametric gain elements. An optical parametric oscillator, synchronously pumped by a mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator, generates high-quality seed pulses for an optical parametric amplifier. The optical parametric amplifier, pumped by a high-repetition-rate Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier, amplifies the seed pulses by a factor of 520. Pulses with an energy of 550 nJ and a pulse width of 160 fs are produced at a 250-kHz repetition rate in the 3-μm region.
Intercultural Usability Surveys: Do People Always Tell The Truth?

Researchers have identified many ways that culture affects usability methods --- interviews, moderated tests, think-aloud protocols, and card sorts. This paper reviews some of that literature and discusses a project investigating the effect of culture on usability surveys.
Functional expression of horseradish peroxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris.

The ability to engineer proteins by directed evolution requires functional expression of the target polypeptide in a recombinant host suitable for construction and screening libraries of enzyme variants. Bacteria and yeast are preferred, but eukaryotic proteins often fail to express in active form in these cells. We have attempted to resolve this problem by identifying mutations in the target gene that facilitate its functional expression in a given recombinant host. Here we examined expression of HRP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Through three rounds of directed evolution by random point mutagenesis and screening, we obtained a 40-fold increase in total HRP activity in the S.cerevisiae culture supernatant compared with wild-type, as measured on ABTS [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (260 units/l/OD_(600)). Genes from wild-type and two high-activity clones were expressed in Pichia pastoris, where the total ABTS activity reached 600 units/l/OD_(600) in shake flasks. The mutants show up to 5.4-fold higher specific activity towards ABTS and 2.3-fold higher specific activity towards guaiacol.
Frequency transformation in the auditory lemniscal thalamocortical system

The auditory lemniscal thalamocortical (TC) pathway conveys information from the ventral division of the medial geniculate body to the primary auditory cortex (A1). Although their general topographic organization has been well characterized, functional transformations at the lemniscal TC synapse still remain incompletely codified, largely due to the need for integration of functional anatomical results with the variability observed with various animal models and experimental techniques. In this review, we discuss these issues with classical approaches, such as in vivo extracellular recordings and tracer injections to physiologically identified areas in A1, and then compare these studies with modern approaches, such as in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, in vivo whole-cell recordings, optogenetic methods, and in vitro methods using slice preparations. A surprising finding from a comparison of classical and modern approaches is the similar degree of convergence from thalamic neurons to single A1 neurons and clusters of A1 neurons, although, thalamic convergence to single A1 neurons is more restricted from areas within putative thalamic frequency lamina. These comparisons suggest that frequency convergence from thalamic input to A1 is functionally limited. Finally, we consider synaptic organization of TC projections and future directions for research.
Adjustment in Childhood Brain Tumor Survival: Child, Mother, and Teacher Report

Examined the adjustment of 6- to 18-year-old children and adolescents (n = 38) 2 to 5 years postdiagnosis of brain tumor with respect to standardized measures of anxiety and depression; self-perceptions; and adaptive living skills. Child, mother, and teacher report data were used. Maternal adjustment (anxiety and depression, parenting stress) was also assessed. Children and adolescents surviving brain tumors reported themselves to be generally within the normal range. However, maternal ratings of social problems were higher than normative scores and significantly lower than norms on social problems, scholastic competence, and communication skills. Teacher ratings on the Teacher Rating Form were all within normal limits. Maternal adjustment measures were within the normal range, although the Parent—Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscale of the Parenting Stress Index was elevated. No differences in scores were found between children in regular and special education, or between children who had received radiation and those who did not. This sample of survivors of pediatric brain tumors and their mothers had relatively mild problems in adjustment, supporting a competencybased view of the adaptation of pediatric patients and their families.
Chemokines and Central Nervous System Disorders

Chemokines and their receptors are large families of inflammatory molecules responsible for a number of biologic functions including the accumulation of leukocytes at tissue sites. Over the past 8 years, a number of studies have indicated a role for chemokines in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory diseases. This minireview provides a brief summary of our current knowledge of chemokines and CNS inflammatory diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, virus-induced demyelinating diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and central nervous system bacterial-induced diseases.
Sex-Biased Evolutionary Forces Shape Genomic Patterns of Human Diversity

Comparisons of levels of variability on the autosomes and X chromosome can be used to test hypotheses about factors influencing patterns of genomic variation. While a tremendous amount of nucleotide sequence data from across the genome is now available for multiple human populations, there has been no systematic effort to examine relative levels of neutral polymorphism on the X chromosome versus autosomes. We analyzed approximately 210 kb of DNA sequencing data representing 40 independent noncoding regions on the autosomes and X chromosome from each of 90 humans from six geographically diverse populations. We correct for differences in mutation rates between males and females by considering the ratio of within-human diversity to human-orangutan divergence. We find that relative levels of genetic variation are higher than expected on the X chromosome in all six human populations. We test a number of alternative hypotheses to explain the excess polymorphism on the X chromosome, including models of background selection, changes in population size, and sex-specific migration in a structured population. While each of these processes may have a small effect on the relative ratio of X-linked to autosomal diversity, our results point to a systematic difference between the sexes in the variance in reproductive success; namely, the widespread effects of polygyny in human populations. We conclude that factors leading to a lower male versus female effective population size must be considered as important demographic variables in efforts to construct models of human demographic history and for understanding the forces shaping patterns of human genomic variability.
Repeatability of the efficiency of columns packed with sub-3μm core-shell particles: Part III. 2.7μm Poroshell 120 EC-C18 particles in 4.6mm and 2.1mm × 100mm column formats.

The column-to-column repeatability of the mass transfer mechanism in columns packed with sub-3μm shell particles was investigated. The parameters of this mechanism were measured for twelve columns (six 2.1mm×100mm and six 4.6mm×100mm) packed with the same batch of 2.6μm Kinetex-C(18) particles (Phenomenex, CA, USA). For both series, the manufacturer provided columns at different positions in the efficiency distribution given by the quality test control. Three compounds were used, uracil, naphthalene and insulin. The reduced longitudinal diffusion term was measured with the peak parking (PP) method, the reduced solid-liquid mass transfer resistance term was given by a combination of the PP results and a model of effective diffusion in ternary composite materials (non-porous cores, concentric porous shell, and eluent matrix), validated previously. The overall eddy diffusion term was obtained by subtraction of these two HETP terms from the overall reduced HETP measured by numerical integration of the entire peak profiles. The results demonstrate that the dispersion of the column efficiencies is only due to the random nature of the packing process. At the highest reduced velocity achieved, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the eddy diffusion term for the 2.1mm I.D. columns were ca. 7% and 3% for the low molecular weight compounds and for insulin, respectively. For the 4.6mm I.D. columns, these RSDs were 15% and 5%, respectively. The larger RSDs for the 4.6mm I.D. columns is explained by the exceptionally low value of the eddy diffusion term.
The Mechanism of Modifier Action in the GR-S Polymerization. I

Abstract When butadiene and styrene are copolymerized in an aqueous emulsion containing only the monomers, an emulsifying agent, and a peroxidic catalyst, the product obtained is an insoluble substance which is difficult to process and is of little value as a rubber. Useful copolymers are obtained by adding to the polymerization system a substance known as a “modifier”. In the preparation of GR-S, the modifier used is a thiol or a mixture of thiols. The copolymer produced in the presence of such a modifier is soluble in benzene, and it can be milled and processed much like natural rubber. The present work was undertaken in an effort to determine the nature of the chemical action of the modifier. It is now generally believed that vinyl polymerizations induced by peroxidic catalysts proceed by a free radical mechanism in which the essential steps are initiation, propagation, and termination. Peroxide-catalyzed polymerizations of dienes differ from those of simple vinyl monomers in that the steps of initiati...
Digital Learning in an Undergraduate Context: Promoting Long-Term Student–Faculty Place-Based Collaboration

In this essay, the authors present a case study of how an ongoing, multi-faculty, interdisciplinary DH project focused on the Susquehanna Valley in Pennsylvania has created, and continues to explore, ways in which students can excel both inside the classroom and outside. These DH projects involve undergraduates working with faculty on an unfolding expansive research project that affords otherwise unachievable opportunities for undergraduate student engagement, the development of new skills, and meaningful ongoing interaction between the institution and community that have, in turn, furthered the scope and scale of the project.
Management of infected caval filter with simultaneous aortic pseudoaneurysm and retroperitoneal perforation: a case report and literature review

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have been reported to have complication rates up to 35%. Penetration of surrounding retroperitoneal structures is an uncommon, but potentially serious, complication, with several reports in the literature. We present a unique case of a 34-year-old intravenous drug user with infected IVC filter struts penetrating multiple structures simultaneously. Definitive operative management was necessary for removal of filter struts from the aorta, the second part of the duodenum and the iliopsoas muscle. Drainage and debridement of an associated iliopsoas abscess was performed, followed by aortic and caval reconstruction.
One Step Preparation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Films by the RF Thermal Plasma CVD

Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting films were prepared on polycrystalline CaO stabilized ZrO2 substrates using RF thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition. The important feature of this work is that superconducting films can be deposited at a high rate of ≈0.1 m/µmin in the as-deposited state without post-oxidation. Mixed aqueous nitrate solutions of yttrium, barium and copper were used. The liquid precursors were atomized by an ultrasonic nebulizer and introduced into the RF thermal plasma using oxygen as a carrier gas. Different substrate temperatures of 450°C, 500°C and 600°C were used during deposition. The substrate temperatures were controlled by varying the feed rate of cooling gas to the substrate holder. X-ray diffraction, SEM and transition temperature measurements were used to characterize the as-deposited films. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the as-deposited films were preferentially oriented with the c-axis perpendicular to the plane of the films.
The State of Evidence-Based Practice in US Nurses: Critical Implications for Nurse Leaders and Educators

This descriptive survey assessed the perception of evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses in the United States. Although evidence-based healthcare results in improved patient outcomes and reduced costs, nurses do not consistently implement evidence-based best practices. A descriptive survey was conducted with a random sample of 1015 RNs who are members of the American Nurses Association. Although nurses believe in evidence-based care, barriers remain prevalent, including resistance from colleagues, nurse leaders, and managers. Differences existed in responses of nurses from Magnet® versus non-Magnet institutions as well as nurses with master's versus nonmaster's degrees. Nurse leaders and educators must provide learning opportunities regarding EBP and facilitate supportive cultures to achieve the Institute of Medicine's 2020 goal that 90% of clinical decisions be evidence-based.
Petiole N, P, K Concentrations and Yield of the Potato Cultivar Molli from Certified Organic Amendments and Fertilizer Formulations

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the petiole uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur (N, P, K, and S) by the potato from two seed meals, mint compost, and five commercially available organic fertilizers under an irrigated certified organic production system. Available soil nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) from each amendment averaged 115 kg N ha−1 at application and 25 kg N ha−1 30 d after planting through harvest, with minor differences between fertilizers. Petiole N declined from an average of 25,000 mg N kg−1, 4 wk after emergence to 3,000 mg N kg−1 prior to harvest. Petiole P and K concentrations were maintained above 4,000 mg P kg−1, 10,000 mg K kg−1, and 2,000 mg S kg−1 tissue, respectively, throughout the growing season in all treatments. Tuber yields were not different between fertilized treatments averaging 53 Mg ha−1. This study provides organic potato growers baseline information on the performance of a diverse array of organic fertilizers and amendments.
Anti-infective Agents Used in Specialized Hospital: Investigation and Analysis

OBJECTIVE To know the situation and problems of anti-infective agents used in clinics in our hospital. METHODS Antibacterial use of 1771 cases discharged from hospital in April 2005 was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The use rate of anti-infective agents was 94.81%,in which the drug combination therapy was the majority and the rate was 55.63%,and the rate of the prophylaxis of infections was 63.61%;of the first 10 drugs the use rate of second line and better drugs was 36.21%;the use rate of anti-infective agents used for Ⅰ incision for more than 4 days was 90.30%;the use rate of anti-infective agents used in obstetrics was 98.17%. CONCLUSIONS We should enhance the supervising of the use of anti-infective drug and mush adopt management measure.
Respiratory impedance and multibreath N2 washout in healthy, asthmatic, and cystic fibrosis subjects

We measured forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), respiratory impedance (Zrs) from 4 to 60 Hz, and a multibreath N2 washout (MBNW) in 6 normal, 10 asthmatic, and 5 cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects. The MBNW were characterized by the mean dilution number (MDN) derived by a moment analysis. The Zrs spectra were characterized by the minimum resistance (Rmin), the drop in resistance (Rdrop) from 4 Hz to Rmin, and the first resonance frequency (Fr1). Measurements were repeated after bronchodilation in three normal and all asthmatic subjects. Before bronchodilation, six of the asthmatic subjects showed close to normal FEV1. The Zrs in the normal subjects showed low Rmin (1.9 +/- 0.7 cmH2O.l-1.s), Rdrop (0.4 +/- 0.4), and Fr1 (10 +/- 2 Hz). Four of the mildly obstructed asthmatic subjects had normal Zrs but elevated MDNs (i.e., abnormal ventilation distribution). The other six asthmatic subjects had significantly elevated Rmin (4.1 +/- 0.8), Rdrop (6.3 +/- 5.8), and Fr1 (34 +/- 0.4 Hz) and elevated MDNs. The CF patients had elevated Zrs features and MDNs. After bronchodilation, no changes in FEV1, MDN, or Zrs occurred in the normal subjects. All asthmatic subjects showed increased FEV1 and decreased MDN, but the Zrs was unaltered in the four asthmatic subjects whose base-line Zrs was normal. For the other six asthmatic subjects, there were large decreases in the Rmin, Rdrop, and Fr1. Finally, there was a poor correlation between the MDN and the Zrs features but high correlation between the Zrs features alone. These results imply that significant nonuniform peripheral airway obstruction can exist such that ventilation distribution is abnormal but Zrs from 4 to 60 Hz is not. Abnormalities in Zrs from 4 to 60 Hz occur only after significant overall obstruction in the peripheral and more central airways. Combining Zrs and the MBNW may permit us to infer whether the disease is predominantly in the lung periphery or in the more central airways.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Fresh Produce Marketed in the United States

Salmonella continues to rank as one of the most costly foodborne pathogens, and more illnesses are now associated with the consumption of fresh produce. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Microbiological Data Program (MDP) sampled select commodities of fresh fruit and vegetables and tested them for Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Listeria. The Salmonella strains isolated were further characterized by serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. This article summarizes the Salmonella data collected by the MDP between 2002 and 2012. The results show that the rates of Salmonella prevalence ranged from absent to 0.34% in cilantro. A total of 152 isolates consisting of over 50 different serotypes were isolated from the various produce types, and the top five were Salmonella enterica serotype Cubana, S. enterica subspecies arizonae (subsp. IIIa) and diarizonae (subsp. IIIb), and S. enterica serotypes Newport, Javiana, and Infantis. Among these, Salmonella serotypes Newport and Javiana are also listed among the top five Salmonella serotypes that caused most foodborne outbreaks. Other serotypes that are frequent causes of infection, such as S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis, were also found in fresh produce but were not prevalent. About 25% of the MDP samples were imported produce, including 65% of green onions, 44% of tomatoes, 42% of hot peppers, and 41% of cantaloupes. However, imported produce did not show higher numbers of Salmonella-positive samples, and in some products, like cilantro, all of the Salmonella isolates were from domestic samples. About 6.5% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to the antimicrobial compounds tested, but no single commodity or serotype was found to be the most common carrier of resistant strains or of resistance. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the produce isolates showed similarities with Salmonella isolates from meat samples and from outbreaks, but there were also profile diversities among the strains within some serotypes, like Salmonella Newport.
Modelling Of Stochastic/Deterministic Mixed Signals Using A Modified Multipulse Analvsis Technique

This paper develops a Markovian model of a multi-processor multiple bus system to predict performance measures such as average message delay, bus throughput(and utilization in a broadcast communica...
Theoretical model of adhesively bonded single lap joints with functionally graded adherends

Abstract Adhesively bonded joints with functionally graded (FG) adherends are of practical significance since tailoring material composition through the adherend thickness can lead to more uniform shear or peeling stress distributions in the adherends and the adhesive layer near the edges of the joint. Stresses at the free edges of the adhesive layer have been found to be critical to the integrity of the joint. To this end, an analytical model is proposed for an adhesively bonded single lap joint with FG adherends. In this model, the adhesive layer is modeled as a three parameter, elastic foundation, allowing for different peel stress values at the two adherend-adhesive interfaces. Closed-form expressions for interface stresses and internal forces in the adherends are obtained. The model is validated by its agreement with finite element analysis simulations. This model shows that the peel stresses are critical at the left edge of the upper adherend-adhesive interface and at the right edge of the lower adherend–adhesive interface, suggesting that the joint is vulnerable to delaminations along the upper adherend-adhesive interface at the left edge and along the lower adherend-adhesive interface at the right edge. Parametric studies reveal the effects of adhesive thickness, adhesive stiffness, and FGM configuration on the stresses within the single lap joint. Results show that stress concentrations can be reduced near the edges of the joint by increasing the thickness of the adhesive layer, reducing the Young’s modulus of the adhesive layer, and/or configuring the FG adherends so that the stiffer material is nearest the adhesive layer.
The Quranic Story of Mary: Does Rethinking the Text Support Women Prophethood?

Women prophethood has always been an alien concept to Islamic theology. According to modern as well as mediaeval mainstream Islamic schools of exegeses, jurisprudence and even according to everyday schools of fatwa: women are either too inferior, too week, or even not pure enough to meet the requirements or handle the challenges associated with prophethood. However, rethinking the Quranic text, in isolation from mediaeval gender biased narrow preferences, proves this view to be wrong. In this paper I provide a unique linguistic analysis of the Quranic story of Maryam, the mother of Jesus and the only woman mentioned by name in Quran. Maryam as I argue, is acknowledged in Quran as a female prophet: chosen equally to all chosen men, i.e., male prophets and above all women. In addition, a logical analysis in favor of Maryam’s prophethood will be provided. The juxtaposition of both evidence supports women prophethood.
Mixture toxicity of phostebupirim and cyfluthrin: Species-specific responses

Currently, the potential impact of insecticide mixtures to nontarget organisms is largely unknown, and additional study is needed. The present study investigated the mixture toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide phostebupirim and the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin using 4 nontarget species including Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and Danio rerio (zebrafish). For each species, the toxicity of equipotent mixtures was compared with the expected toxicity estimated using the independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. Lethal and sublethal responses to D. magna and H. azteca were best described with the IA model. For both fish species, mixture toxicity was significantly higher than that estimated using either mixture model. The synergism noted in fish exposed to the combination of phostebupirim and cyfluthrin was confirmed by exposing P. promelas larvae to a nontoxic dose of phostebupirim and a range of toxic cyfluthrin concentrations, and vice versa. Sublethal and lethal concentrations to fish were up to 7 times lower for the mixture than in concurrently run individual compound exposures. Potential mechanisms for the synergistic responses found in fish are presented. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1947-1954. © 2016 SETAC.
Immunogenicity of FVIII: a Role for Thrombin.

Abstract 3175 Poster Board III-115 Administration of human Factor VIII to hemophilia A (FVIII-/-) mice is a useful small animal model to study the immune response in patients given therapeutic FVIII. These mice manifest a robust, T-cell dependent, antibody response to exogenous FVIII treatment even when encountered through traditionally tolerogenic routes, whereas a different foreign protein like ovalbumin (OVA) is much less immunogenic by these routes. Interestingly, administration of FVIII with OVA led to an immune response to both proteins, suggesting that the function of FVIII in the clotting cascade led to additional “danger” signals to co-administered proteins. Thus, we propose that FVIII is particularly immunogenic because of its function in the coagulation cascade that leads to thrombin formation. We showed that native FVIII is poorly immunogenic when it cannot activate downstream coagulation factors. Thus, heat-inactivated FVIII is poorly immunogenic despite containing normal T-cell epitopes. Importantly, native FVIII is less immunogenic in mice treated with warfarin (which blocks vitamin K-dependent enzymes) or with the direct thrombin-inhibitor, hirudin. Based on the hypothesis that thrombin generation is necessary for the immunogenicity and formation of inhibitors to FVIII, we wished to uncouple this immune response from the disease. When hemostatically normal BALB/c mice were injected directly with thrombin and OVA, they formed increased immune responses to OVA compared to mice given OVA alone. Thus, a likely mechanism is that FVIII treatment initiates a thrombin burst, which we propose is an immunogenic “danger” signal, leading indirectly to dendritic cell activation and promotion of an immune response. (Supported by NIH RO1 HL061883, NIH T32 HL007698, and AHA Fellowship 0815219E) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cholestatic Liver Diseases After Liver Transplant

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are the most common cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) in adults. Liver transplant (LT) is desirable for those who progress to end-stage liver disease. CLD have become an uncommon indication for LT. PSC and PBC accounted for 7.1% of all adult LT in 2015. CLD have the best post-LT outcomes compared with other indications for LT. Disease recurrence of PSC and PBC after LT is reported in up to 37% and 43% of LT recipients, respectively. Although recurrent PBC does not affect post-LT outcomes, recurrent PSC is associated with worse post-LT survival.
Core column prediction for protein multiple sequence alignments

In a computed protein multiple sequence alignment, the coreness of a column is the fraction of its substitutions that are in so-called core columns of the gold-standard reference alignment of its proteins. In benchmark suites of protein reference alignments, the core columns of the reference alignment are those that can be confidently labeled as correct, usually due to all residues in the column being sufficiently close in the spatial superposition of the known three-dimensional structures of the proteins. Typically the accuracy of a protein multiple sequence alignment that has been computed for a benchmark is only measured with respect to the core columns of the reference alignment. When computing an alignment in practice, however, a reference alignment is not known, so the coreness of its columns can only be predicted. We develop for the first time a predictor of column coreness for protein multiple sequence alignments. This allows us to predict which columns of a computed alignment are core, and hence better estimate the alignment’s accuracy. Our approach to predicting coreness is similar to nearest-neighbor classification from machine learning, except we transform nearest-neighbor distances into a coreness prediction via a regression function, and we learn an appropriate distance function through a new optimization formulation that solves a large-scale linear programming problem. We apply our coreness predictor to parameter advising, the task of choosing parameter values for an aligner’s scoring function to obtain a more accurate alignment of a specific set of sequences. We show that for this task, our predictor strongly outperforms other column-confidence estimators from the literature, and affords a substantial boost in alignment accuracy.
Latinos and Higher Education: A Literature Review:

This article is an overview of the Latino population within the United States, and within higher education. Changes in demography have led to an increase in Latinos in higher education. First-gener...
OSTMED.DR®, an Osteopathic Medicine Digital Library

The OSTMED.DR® database provides access to both citation and full-text osteopathic literature, including the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. Currently, it is a free database searchable using basic and advanced search features.
Probiotic Lactococcus lactis decreases incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in a preterm animal model.

BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) persists as the most common and serious gastrointestinal disorder among premature infants. Lactococcus lactis (LL), a lactic acid producing bacteria commonly found in buttermilk and cheese products, has several unique properties making it an ideal probiotic for neonates. We evaluated if the probiotic LL prevents development of NEC in a preterm rabbit model with Cronobacter sakazakii (CS). METHODS Two-day preterm New Zealand white rabbit pups were randomly assigned to three diets: control (no additives), CS, and CS+LL. Pups were gavage fed and given daily oral ranitidine and indomethacin. Anal blockage was performed using tissue adhesive. Subjects were sacrificed on day four, with tissue from distal ileum and proximal colon graded for NEC by a pediatric pathologist blinded to group assignments. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS All pups in the control group survived to sacrifice and none developed NEC. Survival was 26% higher (p = 0.03) and incidence of NEC 51% less (P < 0.001) in CS+LL group compared to CS group. Of the pups that developed NEC, all pups in the CS+LL group had Grade 1 NEC, while one-third of pups in the CS group developed Grades 2-4 NEC. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of CS, LL is protective against development of NEC in a preterm rabbit model. Future studies are needed that evaluate utilization of prophylactic probiotics in the neonatal intensive care unit to determine if this intervention can successfully decrease rates of NEC in preterm infants.
Assessing Physical Activity, Fruit, Vegetable, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Patterns of College Students in Kansas

Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness of a 15-month intervention for reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among college students and assess fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake and physical activity (PA) habits and their relationship to SSB intake. Design Randomized, controlled study. Participants A total of 156 college students (aged 18–24 years) from a Kansas university, mostly female (72%), white (89%), and freshmen (51%). Intervention Two-staged intervention included participants receiving: (1) 3 weekly stage-tailored messages on healthful behaviors for 10 weeks; and (2) 3 monthly stage-tailored messages and 1 monthly e-mail encouraging a visit to the portal page, after the 3-month physical assessment. Main Outcome Measure(s) Stages of change for PA and F/V intake, self-reported PA scores, self-reported F/V intake, and SSB intake habits. Analysis Generalized linear mixed models and linear regression models were used to test changes and associations among outcome measures. Results No significant decrease occurred in SSB consumption (P > .05) among intervention participants. Both control and intervention groups recorded low F/V intake and moderate PA scores. Conclusions and Implications Low F/V intake and high SSB intake evident among study participants may pose risk for unwanted weight gain and obesity-related conditions. Furthermore, college campuses can continue to support an environment conducive for being physically active, while promoting healthy eating behaviors.
Cancer-Related Fatigue as a Late Effect:

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is widely recognized as the most distressing adverse effect experienced by cancer patients. We report on a large prospective survey conducted in part to characterize CRF severity in relation to depression and shortness of breath and to compare symptom severity in radiation and chemotherapy patients and over time. Careful characterization of CRF will aid in the development of effective methods to manage this disabling symptom.
General Living Systems Theory

An increasing number of psychiatrists recognize the need of psychiatry for an integrative theory to provide a basis for their diagnostic and therapeutic actions. General living systems theory is a conceptual framework within which the biological and social approaches to the study of living things are logically integrated with the physical sciences. This theoretical integration and the empirical testing of hypotheses which it requires, can provide to psychiatry the theoretical and empirical support that other medical specialties find in cellular biology, physiology, and biochemistry.
Leptin and Pubertal Development in Higher Primates

According to Romer’s classification (Romer, 1959), higher primates are comprised of three families; namely Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys), Simiidae (man-like apes), and Hominidae (human). Although puberty in these mammalian families, as in nonprimate species, is defined as the period of becoming first capable of reproducing sexually, the mechanism that times the onset of this developmental milestone in monkeys, apes, and man appears to be unique to higher primates (Plant, 1994). The distinguishing feature of puberty in higher primates, as exemplified in our own species, is that despite a competent hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during the greater part of prepubertal development, the initiation of robust sex steroid production in association with gametogenesis is delayed for years. The delay of puberty in monkeys and man is occasioned at the hypothalamic level by a prolonged reduction in the activity of the neuronal network governing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release that extends from infancy until termination of the juvenile phase of development. Puberty in primates thus comprises the subsequent re-augmentation of pulsatile GnRH release and the profound sequelae set in motion by this neurobiological event (Plant, 1994).
Creating a space for the arts and humanities at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.

A description of the Fulginiti Pavilion and the Arts and Humanities in Healthcare Program at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
Clinical and manometric characteristics of patients with oesophagogastric outflow obstruction: towards a new classification

Background The Chicago Classification (CC) defines oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) as the presence of an elevated integrated residual pressure (IRP) together with preserved oesophageal body peristalsis but its clinical significance is evolving. Aims To describe the clinical and manometric characteristics in patients with EGJOO and propose a new classification. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients with functional oesophageal symptoms underwent clinical and endoscopic assessment and oesophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM). The CC V.3 was used to define and redefine abnormalities. Results Of 478 HRM studies performed, EGJOO, defined as median IRP >15 mm Hg, was diagnosed in 116 patients; 17 underwent a follow-up HRM. Forty-four patients had otherwise normal oesophageal motility, with the only finding being EGJOO; 14 had achalasia, 19 had EGJOO plus ineffective oesophageal motility (IEM), 28 had EGJOO plus diffuse oesophageal spasm (DES) (n=25) or jackhammer oesophagus (n=3), and 11 had EGJOO plus IEM and DES. Patients with EGJOO+IEM had lower distal contractile integral (DCI) while those with EGJOO+DES had higher DCI. All groups exhibited high percentages of incomplete bolus clearance. On repeat studies, EGJOO preceded or followed another HRM diagnosis and remained permanent in 2/17 patients. Only one patient transitioned to achalasia. Conclusions The new classification further defines EGJOO by considering abnormalities in the body of the oesophagus that could contribute to symptoms or require therapy. Most patients with EGJOO have a coexisting motility disorder and do not have isolated EGJOO. There is a fluidity of the HRM diagnosis that needs to be considered prior to therapy.