cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene printer: laser-scanning targeted transfection of cultured cardiac neonatal rat cells.

Heterogeneous gene expression in cardiac cells and tissues which requires targeted delivery of foreign DNA into selected cells or regions is needed for the development of novel therapies. Several techniques have been employed for targeted transfection, such as direct microinjection into cells or targeted electroporation. However, these techniques have limited bandwidth or spatial resolution of transfection. We aimed to develop a method for transfection of cardiac cells by means of laser-assisted optoporation using a standard confocal microscope. This technique allows for the transfection of selected cell types in the presence of other cell types as long as they are distinguishable with a microscope. This technique can work as a “gene printer” creating arbitrarily shaped areas of transfected cells.
Comparison of the kinetics of iron release from a marine (Trichodesmium erythraeum) Dps protein and mammalian ferritin in the presence and absence of ligands

The ferritin superfamily of iron storage proteins includes ferritin proper and Dps (DNA binding protein from starved cells) along with bacterioferritin. We examined the release of Fe from the Dps of Trichodesmium erythraeum (Dpstery) and compared it to the release of Fe from horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) under various conditions. Both desferrioxamine B (DFB), a Fe(III) chelator, and ascorbic acid were able to mobilize Fe from Dpstery at rates comparable to those observed for HoSF. The initial Fe release rate from both proteins increased linearly with the concentration of DFB, suggesting that the chelator binds to Fe in the protein. A small but significant rate obtained by extrapolation to zero concentration of DFB implies that Dpstery and HoSF might release Fe(III) spontaneously. A similar result was observed for HoSF in the presence of sulfoxine. In a different experiment, Fe(III) was transferred from holoferritin to apotransferrin across a dialysis membrane in the absence of chelator or reducing agent. The apparent spontaneous release of Fe from HoSF and Dpstery brings forth the hypothesis that the Fe core in Fe storage proteins might be continuously dissolving and re-precipitating in vivo, thus maintaining it in a highly reactive and bioavailable form.
AlPO4‐Supported nickel catalysts. IV.‐Substituent effects in competitive hydrogenation of styrene and its α‐methyl derivative

Styrene (S) and its α-methyl derivative (MS) were competitively hydrogenated over a series of nickel catalysts supported on the AlPO4, AlPO4-Al2O3 and AlPO4-SiO2 systems, using methanol as solvent, under initial hydrogen pressure in the range 0.4-0.6 MPa and temperatures between 288 and 323 K, obtaining the relative reactivities RMS,S and the relative adsorption constants KMS,S. The RMS,S and KMS,S values were less than unity in the range 0.04-0.08 indicating that S was adsorbed more strongly and less hindered on these catalysts than MS. With respect to the influence of temperature and pressure on competitive hydrogenation, the relative reactivity RMS,S was found to be independent of the initial hydrogen pressure while the changes of RMS,S with temperature followed and Arrhenius-type law below a temperature limit. This limit, as well as the slopes and intercepts of the representation log RMS,S vs. T−1, depended on the supports.
Dissociating Cortical Regions Activated by Semantic and Phonological Tasks: A fMRI Study in Blind and Sighted People

Previous neuroimaging studies of language processing in blind individuals described cortical activation of primary (V1) and higher tier visual areas, irrespective of the age of blindness onset. Spe...
Preparing to Fight the Good Fight: Advice from Two Associate Deans to Faculty Friends.

In our professional work, many of us are involved in university service and politics and some of us enter administrative positions. As political scientists who became associate deans of colleges of liberal arts and sciences, our observations from our administrative perches and our disciplinary knowledge have provided insights on how faculty can protect and promote academic values.
Optimising the performance of intermittent pneumatic compression devices.

Abstract Objectives this study was designed to determine whether an intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPC) with an increased maximal inflation pressure, a decreased time to maximal pressure and a longer duration of compression would improve venous return compared to a standard IPC device. Methods thirty limbs in 15 volunteers without evidence of venous disease were studied using duplex scanning at rest and during the application of two different IPC devices with different compression parameters. The first device IPC-1 (SCD 5325, Kendall) has a six-chambered cuff applying 45 mmHg after 12 s, sequentially from ankle to thigh followed by 60 s of non-compression. The second device IPC-2 (Vena-Assist®, ACI Medical) has a foot, ankle and calf cuff, applies a pressure of 80 mmHg, has a pressure rise time of 0.3 s, maintains inflation for 5.5 s, and has a cycling time of 1 min. Peak venous velocity and acceleration time were measured at rest and during the IPC application. Measurements were obtained in supine position from the common femoral vein 1 cm above the saphenofemoral junction to include the entire venous outflow from the limb. Results peak venous velocity at rest was significantly higher in the right limb than in the left limb (26±7.2 vs. 22±5.7 cm/s, p
Salt intake and non-ACE pathways for intrarenal angiotensin II generation in man

Keywords: angiotensin II, candesartan, renal plasma flow, renin, ACE inhibition, captopril Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in the generation of angiotensin II (Ang II) via conversion from angiotensin I (Ang I). There has been substantial recent interest in non-ACE pathways of Ang II generation in the heart, large arteries, and the kidney. In the case of the human kidney, studied when in balance on a low-salt diet, the renal haemodynamic response to Ang II antagonists substantially exceeds the renal response to ACE inhibitors (ACE-I), suggesting that about 30-40% of Ang II-generation occurs via non-ACE pathways. In this study, we examined the relative contribution of non-ACE pathways, by comparing the response to candesartan and to captopril at the top of the dose-response in normal humans when in balance on a low-salt, as well as a high-salt, diet. As anticipated on a low-salt diet, the increase in renal plasma flow (RPF) in response to candesartan (165±14 mL/min/1.73m2 ) significantly exceeded the response to captopril (118±12 mL/min/1.73m 2 ; p<0.01). In subjects studied on a high-salt diet, the response to candesartan (97±20 mL/min/1.73m
Millimeter-wave double-dipole antennas for high-gain integrated reflector illumination

A double-dipole antenna backed by a ground plane has been fabricated for submillimeter wavelengths. The double-dipole antenna is integrated on a thin dielectric membrane with a planar detector at its center. Measured feed patterns at 246 GHz agree well with theory and demonstrate a rotationally symmetric pattern with high coupling efficiency to Gaussian beams. The input impedance is around 50 Omega and will match well to a Schottky diode or SIS detector. The double-dipole antenna served as the feed for a small machined parabolic reflector. The integrated reflector had a measured gain of 37 dB at 119 mu m. This makes the double-dipole antenna ideally suited as a feed for high-resolution tracking or for long-focal-length Cassegrain antenna systems. >
The crystal structures of psoralen cross-linked DNAs: drug-dependent formation of Holliday junctions.

Abstract The single-crystal structures are presented for two DNA sequences with the thymine bases covalently cross-linked across the complementary strands by 4′-hydroxymethyl-4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT). The HMT-adduct of d(CCGCTAGCGG) forms a psoralen-induced Holliday junction, showing for the first time the effect of this important class of chemotheraputics on the structure of the recombination intermediate. In contrast, HMT-d(CCGGTACCGG) forms a sequence-dependent junction. In both structures, the DNA duplex is highly distorted at the thymine base linked to the six-member pyrone ring of the drug. The psoralen cross-link defines the intramolecular interactions of the drug-induced junction, while the sequence-dependent structure is nearly identical to the native Holliday junction of d(CCGGTACCGG) alone. The two structures contrast the effects of drug- and sequence-dependent interactions on the structure of a Holliday junction, suggesting a role for psoralen in the mechanism to initiate repair of psoralen-lesions in mammalian DNA.
Layout-Specific Circuit Evaluation in 3-D Integrated Circuits

In this paper, we describe a comprehensive layout methodology for bonded three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). In bonded 3D integration technology, parts of a circuit are fabricated on different wafers, and then, the wafers are bonded with a glue layer of Cu or polymer based adhesive. Using our layout methodology, designers can layout such 3D circuits with necessary information on inter-wafer via/contact and orientation of each wafer embedded in the layout. We have implemented the layout methodology in 3DMagic. Availability of 3DMagic has led to interesting research with a wide range of layout-specific circuit evaluation, from performance comparison of 2D and 3D circuits to layout-specific reliability analyses in 3D circuits. Using 3DMagic, researchers have designed and simulated an 8-bit encryption processor mapped into 2D and 3D FPGA layouts. Moreover, the layout methodology is an essential element of our ongoing research for the framework of a novel Reliability Computer Aided Design tool, ERNI-3D.
Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Remain Viable and Metabolically Active Following Needle Passage.

Abstract Objective To assess the biological effects of passage through clinically relevant needles on the viability and metabolic activity of culture-expanded, human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs). Design Prospective observational pilot study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Patient-derived clinical-grade culture expanded AMSCs. Interventions AMSCs were passed through syringes without a needle attached (control), with an 18-gauge (25.4-mm) needle attached and with a 30-gauge (19-mm) needle attached at a constant injection flow rate and constant cell concentrations. Each injection condition was completed in triplicate. Main Outcome Measures Cell number and viability, proliferative capacity, metabolic activity, and acute gene expression as measured by cell counts, mitochondrial activity, and quantitative real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on day 0 (immediately), day 1, and day 4 after injection. Results AMSC viability was not significantly affected by injection, and cells proliferated normally regardless of study group. Postinjection, AMSCs robustly expressed both proliferation markers and extracellular matrix proteins. Stress-response mRNAs were markedly but transiently increased independently of needle size within the first day in culture postinjection. Conclusions Human, culture-expanded AMSCs maintain their viability, proliferative capacity, and metabolic function following passage through needles as small as 30-gauge at constant flow rates of 4 mL/min, despite an early, nonspecific stress/cytoprotective response. These initial findings suggest that culture-expanded AMSCs should tolerate the injection process during most cell-based therapeutic interventions.
Choice of Emergency Contraceptive and Decision Making Regarding Subsequent Unintended Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives: To prospectively evaluate (1) pregnancy desirability, (2) stated intentions should pregnancy occur among emergency contraception (EC) users, and (3) explore differences between women selecting the copper T380 intrauterine device (Cu IUD) or oral levonorgestrel (LNG) regarding hypothetical pregnancy plans and actual pregnancy actions during subsequent unintended pregnancies. Study Design: In this prospective observational trial, women received the Cu IUD or oral LNG for EC without cost barriers. At baseline, participants completed a visual analogue scale measuring pregnancy desirability (anchors: 0, “trying hard not to get pregnant”; 10, “trying hard to get pregnant”) and self-reported plans (abortion, adoption, parenting, and unsure) if the pregnancy test were to come back positive. Pregnancies were tracked for 12 months, and actions regarding unintended pregnancies were compared between EC method groups. Results: Of 548 enrolled women, 218 chose the Cu IUD and 330 the oral LNG for EC...
Computational Quantum Chemistry for Multiple-Site Heisenberg Spin Couplings Made Simple: Still Only One Spin–Flip Required

We provide a simple procedure for using inexpensive ab initio calculations to compute exchange coupling constants, J(AB), for multiradical molecules containing both an arbitrary number of radical sites and an arbitrary number of unpaired electrons. For a system comprised of 2M unpaired electrons, one needs only to compute states having the Ŝ(z) quantum number M - 1. Conveniently, these are precisely the states that are accessed by the family of single spin-flip methods. Building an effective Hamiltonian with these states allows one to extract all of the J(AB) constants in the molecule. Unlike approaches based on density functional theory, this procedure relies on neither spin-contaminated states nor nonunique spin-projection formulas. A key benefit is that it is possible to obtain completely spin-pure exchange coupling constants with inexpensive ab initio calculations. A couple of examples are provided to illustrate the approach, including a 4-nickel cubane complex and a 6-chromium horseshoe complex with 18 entangled electrons.
Effects of photoperiod and estradiol on tonic gonadotropins in ovariectomized ewes.

Estradiol-17 beta (estradiol) inhibition of tonic (basal, as opposed to cyclic or preovulatory) serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was evaluated in ewes subjected to long or short photoperiods. Nine mature Colombia ewes were ovariectomized early in the breeding season and implanted with either Silastic capsules containing approximately .12 g of estradiol (n = 4) or with empty capsules (n = 5). Ewes were housed indoors for 43 wk under controlled lighting: 17 wk of short days (8.5 h light: 15.5 h dark), 12 wk of long days (15.5 h light: 8.5 h dark) and a second 14 wk of short days. Five intact ewes penned with a vasectomized marker ram were used to evaluate estrus under these photoperiodic conditions. Estrous cycles in intact ewes ceased approximately 10 wk after onset of the long photoperiod and resumed approximately 11 wk after return to short days. In ovariectomized ewes, estradiol dramatically depressed FSH as well as LH during the long photoperiod and, to a lesser degree, depressed FSH, but not LH, during the short photoperiod. These data support the hypothesis that sensitivity of the tonic gonadotropin regulatory mechanism to estradiol inhibition changes with photoperiod and, thereby, modulates the onset and duration of the breeding and anestrous seasons in ewes. A model accounting for seasonal changes in the inhibitory action of estradiol is proposed.
Greener and Sustainable Trends in Synthesis of Organics and Nanomaterials.

Trends in greener and sustainable process development during the past 25 years are abridged involving the use of alternate energy inputs (mechanochemistry, ultrasound- or microwave irradiation), photochemistry, and greener reaction media as applied to synthesis of organics and nanomaterials. In the organic synthesis arena, examples comprise assembly of heterocyclic compounds, coupling and a variety of other name reactions catalyzed by basic water or recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts. Generation of nanoparticles benefits from the biomimetic approaches where vitamins, sugars, and plant polyphenols, including agricultural waste residues, can serve as reducing and capping agents. Metal nanocatalysts (Pd, Au, Ag, Ni, Ru, Ce, Cu, etc.) immobilized on biodegradable supports such as cellulose and chitosan, or on recyclable magnetic ferrites via ligands, namely dopamine or glutathione, are receiving special attention. These strategic approaches attempt to address most of the Green Chemistry Principles while produc...
Educational Gaming: Improved Integration Using Standard Gaming Genres

A common problem seen in educational games is a lack of tight integration of educational content within the ‘fun’ portion of the game. We propose and test an educational game using the Shoot’em Up genre as a template for gameplay in which the educational content within the game is constantly presented to the user with the goal of ensuring that this content feels integral to the game. The goal is to enhance the appeal and fun factor of the game in the hope of increasing a learner’s motivation to play the game, thus increasing their exposure to the contained educational content.
The Course of Concussion Recovery in Children 6-12 Years of Age: Experience From an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Clinic

Abstract Background Current concussion evidence is derived largely from teenagers and adults. Concussion in younger children occurs within the context of neuromaturation, with differing age-based pathophysiological responses to injury. Therefore, our current understanding of concussion in older children and adults is unlikely to directly apply to younger children. Objective To describe patient variables, clinical course, and factors associated with time to discharge from concussion care in children 6-12 years of age with concussion treated in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation-based concussion clinic. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Interdisciplinary concussion clinic at an academically affiliated rehabilitation center. Patients Children aged 6-12 years (n = 105; mean 10.8 years of age, 70% male) seen within 60 days of concussive injury. Main Outcome Measurements Descriptive statistics explored demographic, injury, and clinical features. The primary outcome measure, time to discharge from concussion care, was estimated with survival-analysis methods based on the date of discharge from the clinic. Multivariate models were used to examine factors associated with longer time to discharge. Results Median time to discharge was 34 days postinjury (range 5-192 days); 75% of children were discharged within 60 days of injury. A minority reported persisting symptoms at discharge. Younger age and increased symptom burden at initial evaluation predicted longer time to discharge. Conclusions Although children 6-12 years old treated in a specialty concussion clinic show variability in time to discharge from concussion care, most were discharged within 2 months after injury. Risk factors for prolonged recovery, such as younger age and greater symptom burden at initial visit, can be used when counseling families and planning interventions. There may be varying contributions, including psychosocial stressors, to ongoing symptoms in children who experience persisting symptoms after other concussion-related concerns have resolved. Future work focused on the subset of children who report persisting symptoms will be useful for developing an evidence base related to their care. Level of Evidence II
What contributes to convention attendee satisfaction and loyalty? A meta-analysis

ABSTRACTThe significant economic contribution and other positive impacts of the convention industry make it imperative to understand the factors that influence attendees' satisfaction and generate repeat attendance, which is loyalty. A meta-analysis of the convention literature revealed that networking and education are the top contributors to attendee satisfaction. Interestingly, the findings suggest that convention environment is more important for loyalty than satisfaction, whereas destination image is relatively unimportant for either outcome. Perception of service quality is more important than value for both satisfaction and loyalty. The meta-analysis confirmed that there is a strong relationship between attendee satisfaction and loyalty.
Validation of diffusion measurements obtained on a 0.35 T MR in Malawi: Important insights for radiologists in low income settings with low field MRI

Abstract Purpose To investigate the reliability of diffusion weighted image (DWI) measurements obtained on a 0.35 T MR scanner in Malawi for malaria research. Materials and methods The same healthy volunteers (n = 6) were scanned on a 0.35 T MR scanner in Malawi and a 3 T scanner in the US. Three subjects had two repeated DWI scans at 0.35 T. Due to scanner constraints, only three diffusion gradient directions for DWI on 0.35 T could be obtained. An apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map was reconstructed from the 0.35 T and the result was compared to standard DWI acquisition on the 3 T scanner. The mean ADC from 15 different regions and the voxel-wise coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to investigate the intra-scanner and inter-scanner variability. Reproducibility was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The 0.35 T intra-scanner ADC repeatability was high for all three subjects with repeated scans (ICC > 0.7). The intra-scanner correlation between repeated scans was also high (r > 0.67, p 0.7, r > 0.5, p 20%), which were primarily located in peripheral regions and the boundary of lateral ventricles, and likely due to partial volume effects in low field scans. Conclusion These findings support the validity of DWI obtained from low field MR scanners used in many low income countries.
Disease models: Method in the madness of fibrosis

Blocking the growth of new blood vessels has been shown to alter fibrosis in livers in a disease stage-specific manner. In vitro models of fibrosis were developed to understand this process, highlighting the role of environmental mechanics.
Use of the subcutaneous lumbar spine (SLS) index as a predictor for surgical complications in lumbar spine surgery.

Abstract Background context Lumbar spine surgeries require adequate exposure to visualize key structures and limited exposure can make surgery more technically difficult, thus increasing the potential for complications. Body mass index and body mass distribution have been shown to be associated with worse surgical outcomes. Purpose This study aims to further previous investigations in elucidating the predictive nature of body mass distribution with peri- and postoperative complications in lumbar surgery. Study Design/Setting This is a retrospective study conducted at a single institution. Patient Sample Two hundred eighty-five patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy, laminotomy, or posterior lumbar interbody fusion or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedures between 2013 and 2016. Outcome Measures Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and electronic medical records were reviewed for measurements and relevant complications. Methods Previously known risk factors were identified and MRI measurements of subcutaneous adipose depth (SAD) relative to spinous process height (SPH) were measured at the surgical site to generate the subcutaneous lumbar spine (SLS) index. This measurement was then analyzed in association with recorded surgical complications. Results The SLS index was found to be a significant risk factor for total complications (0.292, p=.041), perioperative complications (0.202, p=.015), and need for revision surgery (0.285, p Conclusion Body mass distribution of the surgical site as indicated by SAD to SPH (SLS index) is significantly associated with increasing risk of postoperative and perioperative complications as well as increased likelihood for necessary revision surgery. This relationship was shown to be a more accurate indication of perioperative risk than previous standards of body mass index and SAD alone, and may allow spine surgeons to assess surgical risk when considering lumbar spine surgery using simple calculations from standard preoperative MRI results.
Sources of Power and CIO Influence and Their Impact: An Explorative Survey

The broad purpose of this research is to investigate links among various sources of power available to CIOs and organizational IS strategies, the manner in which IS is perceived by senior executives in the process of strategic decision-making. We conducted a survey of CIOs and preliminary findings suggest that power derived from managing organizational contingencies corresponds to organizations with IS innovator strategy. The initial results suggest we need to further investigate power dynamics in organizations with an in-depth field study, to better understand how CIO can influence top management team members in regards to IS decisions in their organizations.
Flaxseed Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Visceral Obesity: A Closer Look at its Chemical Properties, Absorption, Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Effects on Visceral Fat, Lipid Profile, Systemic Inflammation, and Hypertension

Abstract Linum usitatissimum (flax) is a crop plant that is cultivated worldwide. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a major lignan found in flaxseeds and has numerous health benefits. Obesity is a serious health condition associated with multiple physiological changes, and visceral obesity is a hallmark change that is strongly associated with several chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Flaxseeds have long been used for treating several human illnesses, including obesity. Currently, there are many flaxseed-related products available, such as SDG-enriched flaxseed powder. Therefore, in this chapter, the potential effects of SDG on obesity are reviewed by closely examining its chemical properties, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability, and biological actions. Following the assessment of data included in this chapter, we cautiously suggest that SDG may provide beneficial effects on obesity via reducing weight and fat accumulation, improving lipid profile, and lowering blood pressure. However, further investigations are required to fully determine its effects on obesity in humans.
Utility of Follow-Up Annual Echocardiograms in Patients With Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries After Arterial Switch Operations

The arterial switch operation (ASO) in complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) has increased long-term survival. Annual follow-up echocardiograms are recommended, but evidence-based guidelines do not exist. We sought to assess how often a patient with TGA after ASO who had no symptoms or change in physical exam underwent an intervention based solely on echocardiographic changes. We retrospectively reviewed all records from patients with TGA and a history of ASO followed at our institution between November 1983 and January 2015. Changes in echocardiograms resulting in hospital admission, significant medication change, interventional catheterization, or surgical procedure were identified through the surgical and cardiac catheterization laboratory databases and patient charts. These changes were referred to as an actionable change (AC). Interventions were defined as being driven by either clinical (change in physical exam, patient and/or parental concerns) or echocardiographic findings. A total of 1,792 echocardiograms from 149 patients were reviewed. Median number of echocardiograms per patient was 12 (1 to 34). Of the 1,792 echocardiograms, 20 (1.12%) were associated with AC. The most common intervention for an AC was cardiac catheterization (13 of 20, 65%). Most AC (15 of 20, 75%) occurred in the first decade after ASO. AC occurred in 83% (5 of 6) of those with a history of both ASO and arch repair. Annual echocardiograms in patients with TGA after ASO are rarely useful and are unnecessary. In conclusion, decreasing surveillance of asymptomatic patients to biennial follow-up echocardiograms in asymptomatic patients without physical examination changes is safe and would decrease medical expenses.
Successes and challenges in implementing a progressive K-8 computer science curriculum

As CS for all efforts expand rapidly, the idea of situating curriculum within a progressive school framework is not commonly mentioned. Progressive schools can be characterized by their attention to: the whole child; community; collaboration over competition; social justice; intrinsic motivation; deep understanding; active learning; and "taking kids seriously." Constructivist approaches, in which teachers guide students to the point of discovery as opposed to telling them what they are supposed to know, are important in progressive schools. Because teaching is so responsive to emergent ideas, it can be challenging to implement curriculum designed for another context. In this paper, we present a report from the field in implementing a thoughtful, authentic, and comprehensive K-8 curriculum for inclusive classrooms, sharing successes and challenges.
Three-dimensional supernova explosion simulations of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M⊙ stars

Using the new state-of-the-art core-collapse supernova (CCSN) code F{\sc{ornax}}, we have simulated the three-dimensional dynamical evolution of the cores of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M$_{\odot}$ stars from the onset of collapse. Stars from 8-M$_{\odot}$ to 13-M$_{\odot}$ constitute roughly 50% of all massive stars, so the explosive potential for this mass range is important to the overall theory of CCSNe. We find that the 9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-M$_{\odot}$ models explode in 3D easily, but that the 13-M$_{\odot}$ model does not. From these findings, and the fact that slightly more massive progenitors seem to explode \citep{vartanyan2019}, we suggest that there is a gap in explodability near 12-M$_{\odot}$ to 14-M$_{\odot}$ for non-rotating progenitor stars. Factors conducive to explosion are turbulence behind the stalled shock, energy transfer due to neutrino-matter absorption and neutrino-matter scattering, many-body corrections to the neutrino-nucleon scattering rate, and the presence of a sharp silicon-oxygen interface in the progenitor. Our 3D exploding models frequently have a dipolar structure, with the two asymmetrical exploding lobes separated by a pinched waist where matter temporarily continues to accrete. This process maintains the driving neutrino luminosty, while partially shunting matter out of the way of the expanding lobes, thereby modestly facilitating explosion. The morphology of all 3D explosions is characterized by multiple bubble structures with a range of low-order harmonic modes. Though much remains to be done in CCSN theory, these and other results in the literature suggest that, at least for these lower-mass progenitors, supernova theory is converging on a credible solution.
A Two-Dimensional Feature Space-Based Approach for Human Locomotion Recognition

The current state-of-the-art methods utilize multiple sensors and derive numerous features to perform human locomotion recognition. The use of multiple sensors causes discomfort to the users. Also, the derivation of numerous features for multiple sensors poses real-time processing issues. This paper presents a real-time human locomotion recognition system using a single inertial measurement unit placed on the human thigh to capture thigh angular data. Two features, amplitude ( $A$ ) and omega ( $\omega $ ), are derived from the adaptive time window of thigh angular data. An adaptive time window is built using two consecutive peaks in the thigh angle signal. The machine learning algorithms, such as linear support vector machine and $k$ -nearest neighbors, are employed on the $A$ - $\omega $ feature space to perform the classification. A total number of six periodic activities are considered in this paper that includes level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, uphill, downhill, jogging, and running. The experiments are performed on six healthy subjects in controlled (motion capture laboratory) and uncontrolled (outdoor) environmental conditions to evaluate the efficacy of the algorithm. The $A$ - $\omega $ feature-based method achieved a significant classification accuracy of 98.1% and 93.3% for controlled and uncontrolled experiments, respectively. Also, it reported a fast mean activity recognition time of 80 ms.
Reflections: DMDU and Public Policy for Uncertain Times

Public policy has always confronted future uncertainties. Projecting likely futures has been viewed as best practice for assessing proposed plans even though few would expect exactly those futures to occur. But in an era of deep uncertainties in which prior rules of thumb are no longer believed likely to hold true in years to come, sufficient diligence for policy analysis demands a different standard. DMDU approaches collectively represent an evolving capacity to deal with the challenge of the future by providing a technology of complexity, especially in the analysis of problems in public policy. New approaches to policy analysis may provide the means to enable policy processes better suited to deep uncertainty and dynamic change. And the recognition by policymakers that there exist (and that they should demand) new means for analysis that comport better to the emerging needs of policy would, in turn, allow more rapid diffusion of technique into realms not yet exposed to means for decisionmaking under deep uncertainty. The interaction between analysts and policymakers requires contact between two distinct cultures. DMDU applications collectively present a body of theory and practice with the potential for providing a common vocabulary to the work of both analysts and of those charged with policy design and implementation during uncertain times. For a problem requiring treatment by DMDU approaches, “any job worth doing is worth doing superficially.” An analysis based on an initial fast and simple exploratory model will frequently elucidate many of the major interactions between policy choices and the problem system. (Exploratory Modeling is discussed extensively in Chaps. 2, 7, and 15.) Those factors that appear most salient may then be examined in more detailed fashion in later model revisions and recalibrations. By developing a basis for planning and operating under conditions of deep uncertainty, complexity, or both, DMDU approaches support governance and decisionmaking in an environment characterized by multiplying centers of authoritative expertise and interests, as well as the diffusion of government responsibility beyond the control of any one agency.
Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain

The current experiment investigated bilingual language control within the dual mechanisms framework. In an fMRI investigation of morphosyntactic rule production, the presence or absence of target language cues was manipulated to investigate the neural mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive global language control mechanisms. Patterns of activation across nine regions of interest (ROIs) were investigated in seventeen early Spanish-English bilingual speakers. A cue by phase interaction in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA) was observed, suggesting that these regions were more active during cue phases, and less active during execution phases, when target language cues were presented. Individual differences analyses showed that variability in proactive control (informative > non-informative cued trial activation during preparation) in the basal ganglia was correlated with proactive control in the left DLPFC, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and right precentral ROIs. In contrast, reactive control (non-informative > informative cued activation during execution) in the anterior cingulate was correlated with reactive control in the Pre-SMA and left orbital frontal ROIs. The results suggest that, consistent with the dual mechanisms framework, bilinguals differ in the degree to which they use cues to proactively prepare to use a target language.
Overbooking with Endogenous Demand

Using airlines as a backdrop, we study optimal overbooking policies with endogenous customer demand, when customers internalize their expected cost of being bumped. We first consider the traditional setting in which compensation for bumped passengers is fixed and booking limits are the airline's only form of control. We provide sufficient conditions under which demand endogeneity leads to lower overbooking limits in this case. We then consider the broader problem of joint control of ticket price, bumping compensation, and booking limit. We show that price and bumping compensation can act as substitutes, which reduces the general problem to a more tractable one-dimensional search for optimal overbooking compensation and effectively allows the value of flying to be decoupled from the cost of being bumped. Finally, we extend our analysis to the case of auction-based compensation schemes and demonstrate that these generally outperform fixed compensation schemes. Numerical experiments that gauge magnitudes suggest that fixed-compensation policies that account for demand endogeneity can significantly outperform those that do not and that auction-based policies bring smaller but still significant additional gains.
Genetic Variant Set-Based Tests Using the Generalized Berk-Jones Statistic with Application to a Genome-Wide Association Study of Breast Cancer.

Studying the effects of groups of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as in a gene, genetic pathway, or network, can provide novel insight into complex diseases such as breast cancer, uncoverin...
Inclusion of herdmate data improves genomic prediction for milk-production and feed-efficiency traits within North American dairy herds

Genomic data are widely available in the dairy industry and provide a cost-effective means of predicting genetic merit to inform selection decisions and increase genetic gains. As more dairy farms adopt genomic selection practices, dairy producers will soon have genomic data available on all of the animals within their herds. This is a very rich, but currently underused, source of information. Herdmates provide an excellent indication of how a selection candidate's genetics will perform within a given herd, noting that herdmates often include close relatives that share a similar environment. The study objective was to evaluate the utility of incorporating herdmate data into genomic predictions in a data set composed of 3,303 Holsteins from one herd in Canada and 6 herds throughout the United States. Within-herd prediction accuracy was assessed for milk-production and feed-efficiency traits determined from genomic best linear unbiased prediction under 4 different scenarios. Scenario 1 did not include herdmates in the training population. Scenarios 2 through 4 included herdmates in the training population, and scenarios 3 and 4 also included modeling of herd-specific marker effects. Leave-one-out cross validation was used to maximize the number of herdmates in the training population in scenarios 2 through 4, while maintaining constant training population size with scenario 1. Results from the present study reveal the importance of incorporating herdmate data into genomic evaluations. Inclusion of herdmates in the training population improved mean within-herd prediction accuracy for milk-production traits (± standard error) by 0.08 ± 0.03 (milk yield), 0.07 ± 0.03 (fat percentage), and 0.05 ± 0.01 (protein percentage) and feed-efficiency traits by 0.07 ± 0.02 (milk energy), 0.03 ± 0.02 (DMI), and 0.08 ± 0.01 (metabolic body weight). Modeling herd-specific marker effects further improved mean within-herd prediction accuracy for milk yield and energy by 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.02 ± 0.01, respectively. Herds with higher within-herd heritability and low genomic correlation with the remaining herds benefitted most from the inclusion of herdmate data.
Examining College Student Perceptions of Criminal Justice Outcomes Among Persons With Mental Illness

An extensive body of literature has documented punitive responses to mental illness in the United States that have coalesced around arrest and incarceration. Similarly, studies have highlighted the...
IDENTIFICATION OF DISTINCT PATIENT CLUSTERS WITH HETEROGENEOUS CLINICAL PROFILES INCLUDING TIMELINE TO DIAGNOSIS, CO-MORBIDITIES AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES AMONG PATIENTS WITH 99MTC-PYROPHOSPHATE POSITIVE TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOID CARDIOMYOPATHY (ATTR-CM)

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, making early detection and diagnosis challenging. A new approach may be needed to identify affected patients. A random sample of 46 patients with grade 2 or 3 positive 99mTc-Pyrophosphate scans and
Research on Hmong American College Students: A Scoping Review

The current study sought to review the existing literature that has contributed to our understanding of Hmong Americans in higher education. A literature search identified 32 articles that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the current review. The results of this scoping review demonstrate that research on Hmong American college students has received increased scholarly attention within the past six years and is primarily limited to academic communities that focused on Hmong studies. In addition, this body of research have mainly been examined qualitatively through a psychosociocultural lens with Hmong male and female university students. Based on these findings, recommendations for synthesizing the current research, shifting the focus of future research, and including theoretical perspectives in future research are provided.
Follow My Lead: Assertive Cheap Talk and the Gender Gap

A person’s success often depends on whether others believe what they say. Growing evidence suggests that people are less likely to believe statements made by women rather than men. We consider whet...
Alcohol use disorder and treatment receipt among individuals aged 50 years and older: Other substance use and psychiatric correlates.

Abstract Objective Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is increasing among U.S. individuals aged 50+. We examined associations of past-year AUD with other substance use and any mental illness (AMI) and associations of past-year AUD treatment receipt with other substance use, AMI, and mental health treatment receipt among those with AUD. Methods Data came from the 2015–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 35,229). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the research questions. Results In the 50+ age group, 58.7% of women and 66.9% of men reported past-year alcohol use and 2.0% of women and 4.9% of men had AUD. Those with any alcohol use problem (binge drinking, heavy drinking, or AUD) had higher odds of other substance use or use disorders; however, AMI was associated with higher odds of AUD only (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.15–3.00, AOR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.98–3.50, and AOR = 3.13, 95% CI = 2.19–4.48, respectively, for mild, moderate, and serious mental illness). Only 7.9% of those with AUD received any alcohol treatment. AMI and mental health treatment were associated with higher odds of alcohol treatment receipt (AOR = 5.18, 95% CI = 2.13–12.55, AOR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.51–11.30, and AOR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.41–6.00, respectively, for moderate mental illness, serious mental illness, and mental health treatment receipt). Conclusion The findings show that fewer than one in 10 older adults with AUD received any alcohol treatment and suggest that individuals need education on alcohol harms and assistance in accessing alcohol treatment. Combined mental health and alcohol treatment at a single location may improve access and use.
White Noise and Black Boxes: Social Justice Discourses and Social Media Practices

Social media has long been a powerful tool for marginalized individuals to connect and form communities. Yet the digital tools used to facilitate these modes of communication, including the hashtag...
Self-construal and feature centrality

The current research investigates the interactive influence of self-construal and product feature centrality on product judgment tasks. Feature centrality refers to the extent to which a feature is integral to the product concept and its network of correlated features, and contributes to the coherence of the product’s conceptual representation. While the categorization literature suggests that central features (versus less central features) are weighted more when consumers make judgments about a product, across two studies we find such effect is bounded by individuals’ self-construal. In particular, whereas independent consumers, adopting an analytical thinking style, rely more on central features than less central features in product categorization and evaluations, interdependent consumers, employing a holistic thinking style, use both features to form their judgments.
The Four-Factor Penn Central Regulatory Takings Test

The Article examines the ad hoc, multifactor, regulatory takings doctrine derived from Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York. It analyzes the conventional three-factor characterization of the Penn Central tests, and concludes that a four-factor approach better captures the dynamics of Penn Central analysis. “Parcel as a whole,” conceptually regarded as delimiting the relevant parcel for the Penn Central inquiry, in fact interacts with the “economic impact,” “investment-backed expectations,” and “character of the regulation” tests. While the four-factor analysis advocated here is conceptually better and enhances understanding of how Penn Central operates, the doctrine remains under-theorized, subjective, with its factors mutually referential, and unable to provide a reliable guide to courts or litigants.
Populating Entity Name Systems for Big Data Integration

An Entity Name System (ENS) is a thesaurus for entities. An ENS is a fundamental component of data integration systems, serving instance matching needs across multiple data sources. Populating an ENS in support of co-referencing Linked Open Data (LOD) is a Big Data problem. Viable solutions to the long-standing Entity Resolution (ER) problem are required, meeting specific requirements of heterogeneity, scalability and automation. In this thesis, we propose to develop and implement algorithms for an ER system that address the three key criteria. Preliminary results demonstrate potential system feasibility.
Does the Numerical Underrepresentation of the Working Class in Congress Matter

Working-class citizens have been numerically underrepresented in policymaking institutions throughout most of America's history. Little is known, however, about the political consequences of this enduring feature of our democratic system. This essay examines the relationship between legislators' class backgrounds and their votes on economic policy in the House of Representatives during the twentieth century. Like ordinary Americans, representatives from working-class occupations exhibit more liberal economic preferences than other legislators, especially those from profit-oriented professions. These findings provide the first evidence of a link between the descriptive and substantive representation of social classes in the United States.
Scalable large nanosheets of transition metal disulphides through exfoliation of amine intercalated MS2 [M = Mo, W] in organic solvents

Various alkylamine intercalated MS2 (M = Mo, W) have been prepared by reacting LixMS2 with aqueous solutions of the amines. The amine intercalated MS2 exfoliate readily in alcohols. While the shorter amine intercalated MS2 exfoliate better in lower alcohols the longer amine intercalated MS2 exfoliate better in higher alcohols. The longer amine intercalated MS2 exfoliate well even in a nonpolar solvent, toluene. Up to 9 millimoles of MS2 per liter could be dispersed through exfoliation in organic solvents. The dispersions are quite stable and comprise 2D-nanosheets of MS2. Hybrids of MoS2 and WS2 could be prepared by evaporating the solvent from a mixture of colloidal dispersions of amine intercalated MoS2 and WS2. The hybrid exhibits features of a heterostructure in its photoluminescence spectrum.