cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Anna" and the Panel of Psychological Inquiry: The Critic's Perspective

With an acknowledgment of the difficulty of evaluating the intricacies and implications of any intensely subjective interaction, the criticâ€™s function was conceived as dialectical rather than adversarial. Â Instead of a sustained attack directed against the therapist, this critical effort was formulated as a set of questions, reflections, perplexities, and suggestions designed to create opportunities for a deeper understanding of the intervention. Because the therapy under consideration so conscientiously depicted its work as an act of authentic concern, repeated attempts were made to understand the role that counter-transference played in the unfolding of the therapeutic relationship, an investigative orientation that led to the following overarching question: Is it possible that some of the clinicianâ€™s great therapeutic strengths, her reservoir of good will, her emotional attunement, her desire to be helpful, her capacity to be moved by the suffering of others, might also to some extent have undermined her therapeutic intent? Embedded in an understanding of psychotherapy as an activity of disappearance in which the therapist disappears by existing solely for the patient, the critical dialectic sought to access this paradoxical vitality in ways that might challenge the loving disappearance of the therapist without losing sight of her poignant contribution to the Freudian project of insightful, compassionate care protected against the unimaginative treatment of both physicians and priests.
Effects of Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Prostate Tumor

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for prostate cancer development, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that stromal cells of the adipose tissue might be recruited by cancer cells to help tumor growth. METHODS PC3 prostate cancer cells were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of the right flank of athymic mice. One week later, adipose tissue-derived stromal or stem cells (ADSC) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, as control) was transplanted similarly to the left flank. Tumor size was monitored for the next 34 days; afterwards, the mice were sacrificed and their tumors harvested for histological examination. The ability of PC3 cells to attract ADSC was tested by migration assay. The involvement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was tested by migration assay in the presence of a specific inhibitor AMD3100. RESULTS Throughout the entire course, the average size of PC3 tumors in ADSC-treated mice was larger than in PBS-treated mice. ADSC were identified inside the tumors of ADSC-treated mice; CXCR4 expression was also detected. Migration assay indicated the involvement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the migration of ADSC toward PC3 cells. Capillary density was twice as high in the tumors of ADSC-treated mice than in the tumors of PBS-treated mice. VEGF expression was similar but FGF2 expression was significantly higher in tumors of ADSC-treated mice than in the tumors of PBS-tread mice. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer cells recruited ADSC by the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. ADSC helps tumor growth by increasing tumor vascularity, and which was mediated by FGF2. Prostate 70: 1066–1073, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pasteurella multocida infective endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient complicated by rhabdomyolysis and permanent hearing loss

Pasteurella multocida is an inhabitant of the oral cavity of a variety of livestock and domestic pet species, especially cats and dogs. The case reported illustrates a 60-year-old, immunocompetent female patient who presented with P. multocida sepsis and aortic valve endocarditis. This required surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. Investigation also found infection-induced rhabdomyolysis and permanent hearing loss, both previously unassociated with P. multocida infection.
Identification and Structure Determination of a Bacterial Hydrosulfide Ion Channel

Though it is believed to have been critical to the origin of life on Earth, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) still plays a prominent role in physiology and cellular signaling. Its undissociated form, hydrosulfide ion (HS-), is a major metabolite in bacterial anaerobic fermentation. While toxicity due to HS- and H2S, has been extensively characterized, the molecular mechanism for HS- transport across the cell membrane is unknown. Through a combination of genetic, biochemical and functional approaches, we have identified a hydrosulfide ion channel (HSC) in the pathogen Clostridium difficile. The HS- channel is a member of the formate-nitrite-transport (FNT) family, and ∼50 HSC genes form a third subfamily besides those for formate and for nitrite. In addition to HS- ions, HSC is also permeable to formate and nitrite. Crystallographic studies revealed an HSC structure that is similar to that of the formate channel FocA [1], with an aquaporin fold that is arranged into a pentamer. Structural and biochemical characterization showed that the ion-selectivity filter is located in the center of the protomer.Reference:1. Waight AB, Love J, Wang DN: Structure and mechanism of a pentameric formate channel. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2010, 17:31-37.
The enduring function of caste: colonial and modern Haiti, Jamaica, and Brazil The economy of race, the social organization of caste, and the formulation of racial societies

Modern day social hierarchies in Jamaica, Brazil and, to a degree, Haiti find their roots in the colonial context, where planters stratified laborers in order to maximize control. During slavery pl...
Do families share-and-share-alike? The need to understand intrahousehold resource allocations

There is much to be learned about familial resource sharing and the role it plays in individual welfare. This article encourages family economists to take the lead in investigating questions of intrahousehold resource allocations. The article reviews the descriptive and theoretical work that has been done in this area and concludes with suggestions of how family economists could expand on the work that has been done to date.
Predicted CALET measurements of electron and positron spectra from 3 to 20 GeV using the geomagnetic field

Abstract The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is an imaging calorimeter under construction for launch to the ISS in 2014 for a planned 5 year mission. CALET consists of a charge detection module (CHD) with two segmented planes of 1 cm thick plastic scintillator, an imaging calorimeter (IMC) with a total of 3 radiation lengths ( X ∘ ) of tungsten plates read out with 8 planes of interleaved scintillating fibers, and a total absorption calorimeter (TASC) with 27 X ∘ of lead tungstate (PWO) logs. The primary objectives of the experiment are to measure the electron e - + e + energy spectra from 1 GeV to 20 TeV, to detect gamma-rays above 10 GeV, and to measure the energy spectra of nuclei from protons through iron up to 1000 TeV. In this paper we describe how the geomagnetic field at the 51.6 ° inclination orbit of the ISS can be used to allow CALET to measure the distinct electron and positron fluxes. The positron fraction has been seen to rise above ∼ 10 GeV by previous experiments (HEAT, AMS-01), and more recently to continue to increase to higher energies ( ∼ 80 GeV for PAMELA, ∼ 200 GeV for Fermi and ∼ 350 GeV with the best statistics for AMS-02). Utilizing the geomagnetic cutoff, CALET will be able to distinguish electrons and positrons in the ∼ 3 –20 GeV energy range where the positron fraction turns upward to complement existing high statistics measurements.
Transmission ofSerratia marcescens(Enterobacteriaceae) in AdultHeliothis virescens(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Laboratory Colonies

Abstract The red strain ofSerratia marcescens(Bizio) has been isolated from healthy, diseased, or dead field-collected insects, but it is most frequently reported as a pathogen of insectary-reared insects. In this study, we determined the path of transmission ofS. marcescensin adultHeliothis virescens(F.) to the next generation and compared longevity of infected and uninfected adults. Our results show thatS. marcescenscan be present on or within eggs produced byS. marcescens-infected pairs. Highest external contamination and/or internal infection of surface sterilized eggs from moths fed an aqueous solution of 10% honey contaminated withS. marcescens(4 × 108bacterial cells/ml) was 45% and internal infection of eggs from the same group of moths was 19%. The highest percentage of adults producing eggs contaminated and/or infected withS. marcescenswas 70% and the highest percentage producing internally infected eggs was 17%. The highest percentage of total adult mortality at day 10, in bacterial treatments, was 90.1% and in the controls was 15%. Living infected moths are usually asymptomatic, but typically become red postmortem. We demonstrated thatS. marcescenscan be transmitted both vertically (genetic transmission; the passage of pathogen from one host generation to the next in or on egg) and horizontally (transmission of pathogen between insects at any age after birth) inH. virescens,and that the bacterium has detrimental effects on adult longevity. We point out in this paper thatS. marcescenshas been frequently reported from poor quality insectary-rearedH. virescens(poor vigor and high mortality). This insect which is commonly used for a host of beneficial endoparasitoids, production of viruses and protozoa, and testing various biological control agents, must be pathogen free (such asS. marcescens) to provide quality biological control agents or meaningful data.
Rendering of the Shroud of Turin using sinusoidal pseudocolor and other image processing techniques

Abstract To help characterize noisy and subtle features in images, computers with graphics can be used to produce visual representations with a spectrum of perspectives. In this article, processed images of the Shroud of Turin—a 2000-year-old linen burial cloth—are computed, and they are presented with accompanying descriptions of patterns produced by the image processing. The images of the Shroud are created by using sinusoidal pseudocolor functions, and the resultant pictures reveal a beautiful, complex picture and help to differentiate various regions of potential interest. This paper differs from others in that it focuses on mathematical techniques for rendering this image which include unusual equations, shading, and convergence schemes.
The effect of menopause and perimenopause on the course of epilepsy.

Summary: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary information about the effect of menopause and perimenopause on the course of epilepsy, and to determine whether seizure type, use of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT), or a history of catamenial seizure pattern would influence this course. Methods: We performed a questionnaire study of women with epilepsy currently in menopause and perimenopause, requesting information regarding the course of their epilepsy and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson X2 with 95% confidence limits. Results: Forty-two menopausal women (ages 41–86 years) responded. Twelve subjects reported no change in seizures at menopause, 17 reported a decrease in seizure frequency, and 13 reported an increase. Sixteen (38%) took synthetic HRT. Sixteen (38%) additional subjects (having some overlap with the HRT group) reported having a catamenial seizure pattern before menopause. HRT was significantly associated with an increase in seizures during perimenopause (p = 0.001). A history of catamenial seizure pattern was significantly associated with a decrease in seizures at menopause (p = 0.013). Thirty-nine perimenopausal women (ages 38–55 years) responded. Nine subjects reported no change in seizures at perimenopause, five reported a decrease in seizure frequency, and 25 reported an increase. Eight (15%) subjects took synthetic HRT, and 28 (72%) reported having a catamenial seizure pattern before menopause. HRT had no significant effect on seizures; however, a history of catamenial seizure pattern was significantly associated with an increase in seizures at perimenopause (p = 0.02). Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that synthetic HRT may be associated with an increase in seizure frequency in menopausal women with epilepsy. A catamenial seizure pattern may be associated with seizure decrease during menopause but with an increase during perimenopause.
Boxing It Out: A Conversation About Body and Soul

LoWacquant provides a colorful and sociologically rich account of his experiences as a boxer at the Woodlawn Boys Club, situated in an economi- cally and racially segregated neighborhood in the South Side of Chicago. His (auto)ethnographic analysis of the urban ghetto relies on years of rich fieldnotes and interviews, and tells a compelling story about becoming a boxer and a partic- ipant in the urban underclass. Although both of us enjoyed this book, differences in opinion gradually emerged through our subsequent conversations. This review fleshes out our thoughts about Body and Soul.
Experimental study of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane oxidation at low to intermediate temperature in a motored engine

Abstract This work concerns the oxidation of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane in a motored engine at low to intermediate temperatures, which is largely unknown in the literature. The experiment is conducted with variable compression ratio from 4 to 15 at equivalence ratio 0.25 and intake temperatures of 120 °C and 200 °C. Results show that overall reaction activity, indicated by fuel conversion and carbon monoxide formation, is largely enhanced by the existence of the methyl group. Cyclohexane shows a stronger negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior than methylcyclohexane. Detailed product analyses reveal that conjugated olefins are the major product for cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane in both low temperature oxidation and NTC regime. Four C 6 oxygenates, 5-hexen-1-al, 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,4-epoxycyclohexane, and cyclohexanone are detected in cyclohexane oxidation. The relative yields indicate that intramolecular hydrogen abstraction of cyclohexylperoxy radical is more likely to occur on γ-carbons than on α-, β-, or δ-carbons. Four conjugated olefins, 1-, 3-, 4-methylcyclohexenes and methylenecyclohexane, are detected in methylcyclohexane oxidation, with relative yield about 1, 1.2, 1.4 and 0.25, respectively.
Cloning and Identification of Rat Deoxyuridine Triphosphatase as an Inhibitor of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that transcriptionally regulate responsive genes by binding to the peroxisome proliferator response elements. Protein(s) interacting with PPAR isoforms (α, δ, and γ) may modulate the PPAR-mediated transcriptional activation. Using a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a rat liver cDNA library, we have identified rat deoxyuridine-triphosphatase (dUTPase, EC 3.6.1.23) as a PPARα-interacting protein. This cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 203 amino acids; the C-terminal 141-amino acid segment of this protein corresponds to the full-length human enzyme, which exhibits 92% identity with human dUTPase; the N-terminal extra 62-amino acid residue region is arginine-rich. In vitro binding assays indicate that rat dUTPase interacts with all three isoforms of mouse PPAR, but not with retinoid X receptor and thyroid hormone receptor. Interaction of PPARα with dUTPase is with the N-terminal 62-amino acid segment of rat dUTPase. Full-length rat dUTPase prevents PPAR-retinoid X receptor heterodimerization resulting in an inhibition of PPAR activity in a ligand-independent manner. Immunostaining of human kidney tsA201 cells, transiently expressing dUTPase showed that this protein is present predominantly in the cytoplasm but translocates into the nucleus with PPARα when PPARα is coexpressed with dUTPase. Northern blot hybridization shows that rat dUTPase is encoded by an abundant 1kilobase mRNA species present in all rat tissues. The identification of dUTPase as a PPAR-interacting protein suggests a possible link between tumorigenic peroxisome proliferators and the enzyme system involved in the maintenance of DNA fidelity.
Actuator Disk Theory—Steady and Unsteady Models

In this paper, the classical work on steady actuator disk theory is recalled and the interpretation of the flow as the continuous shedding of vortex rings of constant strength that causes the slip stream is shown to be consistent with the classical model, yet offers a different approach that provides more flexibility for the extension to unsteady flow. The ring model is in agreement with the conservation law theorems which indicate that the axial inductance inside the streamtube, far downstream, is twice that at the rotor disk. The actuator disk relationship between the power and the axial inductance at the rotor plane has been used previously to construct the prescribed wake in the 3D vortex line model (VLM) of the author. The local pitch of the vortex sheet helices is based on the axial inductance along the streamtube, therefore, it is important to be able to calculate the axial inductance in all cases. In unsteady flow, the strength of the shed rings varies with power absorbed by the rotor and a new relationship between the two is derived to first-order, using the unsteady Bernoulli equation, which allows to calculate the inductance at the rotor and in the wake with the Biot-Savart law, even in cases where the Betz limit is exceeded. This more rigorous model can replace the semi empirical models such as dynamic stall and dynamic inflow used in the blade element method (BEM). The proposed new model has been incorporated in the VLM and applied to two sets of experiments, the Tjaereborg in-field tests and the NREL wind tunnel campaign, for which test data has been collected and serves for the comparison. The simulations show an overall good agreement with the experimental data. In some tests, the power coefficient exceeds the Betz limit, in which cases there are no solutions to the steady actuator disk theory, but the new model provides a solution for the inductance even in this case.
Zonisamide-Induced Mania

Z onisamide (1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide) is a sulfonamide derivative and an investigational anticonvulsant. It has been found to be effective in treating some cases of simple and complex partial seizures refractory to conventional antiepileptics.1.2 The anticonvulsant profile of zonisamide is similar to that of phenytoin and carbamazepine in that it depresses focal spiking and secondary generalization in animals;l but its side effects resemble those reported for unsubstituted sulfonamides. Concentration-dependent side effects appear to include mental slowing, speech impairment, ataxia, nausea, and vomiting. 1.2 One previous case of a patient with zonisamide-induced paranoid psychosis has been reported.' We describe a patient who developed an acute, reversible zonisamide-induced psychosis with manic features.
Interaction of pyrethroids with mammalian spinal neurons

Abstract The effects of intravenous administration of non-cyano ( cis -permethrin) and cyano-substituted (deltamethrin) pyrethroids were studied on spontaneous and evoked ventral root activity in rat spinal cord and on spontaneous firing of ventral horn interneurons in the cat. Both pyrethroids had dramatic facilitatory effects on spontaneous firing rates of ventral roots and spinal interneurons and increased the amplitude of mono- and polysynaptically mediated ventral root responses to dorsal root stimulation. Spontaneous and evoked afferent sensory activity was slightly enhanced by cis -permethrin, but not by deltamethrin. In the cat diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, iv) was equally effective in antagonizing the facilitation of interneuronal firing resulting from either deltamethrin or cis -permethrin. These effects of pyrethroids on spinal neurons may underly the production of tremor and choreoathetosis-salivation toxicity symptoms in mammals.
A systematic review of the effects of postnatal maternal anxiety on children

Several decades of research have focused on the impact of exposure to postnatal depression on children, while anxiety has been largely overlooked. Estimates of the prevalence of postnatal maternal anxiety (PMA) range from 3% to 43%, suggesting PMA may be an important risk factor for adverse outcomes in children. This review summarizes what is known about the effects of PMA exposure on children and makes recommendations for future research. A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE® and PsychINFO® through 2008 identified 18 studies that evaluated child outcomes associated with PMA exposure. Identified studies covered three domains: somatic, developmental, and psychological outcomes. The strongest evidence for an adverse effect of PMA exposure is in somatic and psychological outcomes; the evidence for an effect of PMA on child development is inconclusive. Methodological differences among the studies make comparisons difficult and there are a number of common limitations that challenge the validity of these studies.
The role of non-canonical SNAREs in synaptic vesicle recycling.

An increasing number of studies suggest that distinct pools of synaptic vesicles drive specific forms of neurotransmission. Interspersed with these functional studies are analyses of the synaptic vesicle proteome which have consistently detected the presence of so-called “non-canonical” SNAREs that typically function in fusion and trafficking of other subcellular structures within the neuron. The recent identification of certain non-canonical vesicular SNAREs driving spontaneous (e.g., VAMP7 and vti1a) or evoked asynchronous (e.g., VAMP4) release integrates and corroborates existing data from functional and proteomic studies and implies that at least some complement of non-canonical SNAREs resident on synaptic vesicles function in neurotransmission. Here, we discuss the specific roles in neurotransmission of proteins homologous to each member of the classical neuronal SNARE complex consisting of synaptobrevin2, syntaxin-1 and SNAP-25.
A Study Of Organization Performance For Experimental Structures Of Two, Three and Four Levels

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of organization levels upon organization performance. The methodology involved the establishment of experimental organizations of four, t...
Polyelectrolyte Trilayer Combinations Using Spin-Assembly and Ionic Self-Assembly

Water-soluble, cationic, anionic, and neutral polymers are used to form various repeat trilayer films via ionic self-assembly (ISA) and spin-assembly. These multilayer thin films assemble through physical entanglement, electrostatic, and/or H-bonding interactions. Spin assembly has the advantage over ISA in constructing stable multilayers when polyelectrolytes with like charge are assembled in adjacent layers. These multilayers do not desorb in water over a long period of time. In contrast to spin assembly, the ISA method deposits only a minimal amount of polyelectrolyte on top of a like-charged layer. The mechanical entanglement that is responsible for the deposition of like-charged species in spin assembly is probably lacking in ISA. The ability to construct repeated trilayers or multilayers composed of polycations, polyanions, and neutral polymers allows the fabrication of multilayer thin films with the desired interfacial structure and interactions. In this work, polyelectrolytes with NLO chromophores...
Substrate inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase by 3-(2-furyl)acryloyl-glycyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanine

Abstract The kinetics of hydrolysis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase at 37 °C and pH 7.3 of 3-(2-furyl)acryloyl-glycyl- l -phenylalanyl- l -phenylalanine is compatible with nonproductive substrate inhibition, i.e., v = V·[S] (K m + [ S ]+ [ S ] 2 K 1 ), and the values of K m , K i and k cat are 1.4 m m , 5.0 m m , and 240 s −1 , respectively. Product inhibition experiments are in agreement with an ordered release of product, with l -phenylalanyl- l -phenylalanine, the amino-containing product, being released first from the elastase · product complex. The values of K i for l -phenylalanyl- l -phenylalanine and 3-(2-furyl)acryloyl-glycine are 1.5 and 4.0 m m , respectively. Kinetic experiments indicate that the second molecule of substrate combines with elastase · substrate to form a dead-end elastase · (substrate) 2 complex.
Spectroscopic determination of local-field parameters.

Atomic sources local multipolar field in anisotropic dielectrics determined from magnetic dipole radiation spatial distribution measurements
Subjective Social Status: Construct Validity and Associations with Psychosocial Vulnerability and Self-Rated Health

Subjective social status (SSS) predicts health outcomes independently of traditional, objective indicators of socioeconomic status (SES). However, the potential confounding and mediating effects of negative affect and similar psychosocial risk and resilience factors have not been adequately addressed through formal studies of convergent and discriminant validity of SSS measures. The current study provides such a test of construct validity and subsequently examines whether psychosocial factors mediate the relationship between SSS and self-rated health. We examined the convergent and discriminant validity of the MacArthur scales of SSS relative to measures of psychosocial risk and resilience (i.e., neuroticism, depressive symptoms, optimism, and marital quality) as well as SES (i.e., income) in 300 middle-aged and older married US couples. We also tested a factor of psychosocial vulnerability as a mediator of the relationship between SSS and self-rated health. Findings indicated clear convergent and discriminant validity of the MacArthur scales. Further, controlling age and income, both the US and community measures of SSS predicted psychosocial factors for men, however, only the community measure was independently predictive for women. Psychosocial vulnerability significantly mediated the pathway between SSS and self-rated health for men and women after controlling age and income. These results provide strong support for the construct validity of the MacArthur scales and provide additional evidence of the role of psychosocial risk and resilience factors as mediators of the effects of SSS on health.
17O-NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural Probe

17O-NMR spectroscopy has found limited application as a structural probe due to the experimental problems associated with a quadrupolar nucleus having low natural abundance. A survey of data obtained from systematic studies of structurally related compounds shows, however, that large chemical shift differences are usually obtained for structurally nonequivalent nuclei, and that characteristic chemical shift values are observed for specific chemical environments. The present day availability of 17O enriched materials and Fourier transform NMR instrumentation should allow extensive application of the 17O-NMR technique to structural problems in the immediate future.
The rotation rate of the upper atmosphere: A non-linear effect

Abstract In order to study the apparent ‘super-rotation’ of the Earth's upper atmosphere, we examine a non-linear solution to the continuity, momentum conservation and state equations of gasdynamics for the steady state motion of a gravitationally stratified, cylindrical, inviscid atmosphere under the influence of a steady state, local time dependent temperature distribution. The resultant flow field can be understood in terms of angular momentum conservation of air masses: heated, rising air decreases its rotation rate and cooled, falling air increases its rotation rate. The local-time average of the differential rotation rate may given rise to an apparent altitude dependent ‘super-rotation’. Comparison with observations is presented.
Assay of 1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphatase using a fluorometric method.

Abstract 1 l - myo -Inositol-1-phosphatase, an enzyme purified from brain tissues, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 1 l - myo -inositol 1-phosphate. This enzyme has become the subject of intense research interest, since myo -inositol is needed for the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol. We have developed a sensitive fluorometric assay for detecting the activity of 1 l - myo -inositol-1-phosphatase. The assay is based on o -aminobenzoyl β-glycerophosphate fluorescence, according to the following principles: (I) The fluorescence yield of o -aminobenzoyl β-glycerophosphate is increased by 2.75-fold in the presence of saturating concentrations of bovine serum albumin. (II) o -Aminobenzoyl β-glycerophosphate has the same fluorescence yield as o -aminobenzoyl glycerol, but the latter does not bind to bovine serum albumin. (III) Dephosphorylation of the substrate, catalyzed by the monophosphatase, makes less o -aminobenzoyl β-glycerophosphate available for binding to bovine serum albumin, thereby producing a decrease in the fluorescence intensity.
Parallel programming for the parallel recirculating pipeline

Current image analysis and image understanding applications in DoD systems require very high performance image pixel processing in real time. To attain the necessary performance within stringent system size weight and power constraints requires special-purpose parallel processing hardware architectures. At the same time it is desirable to retain as much programmability as possible in order to rapidly adapt the hardware to new applications or evolving system requirements. The Parallel Recirculating Pipeline processor uses techniques adopted from image algebra and mathematical morphology to provide a low-cost low-complexity high-performance architecture that is suitable for silicon implementation and programmable in high-order languages. This paper discusses the programming model for the Parallel Recirculating Pipeline. The model treats two dimensional data arrays as elementary operands. Elementary operators such as addition are performed point by point on these data arrays. A primitive spatial translation operator allows complex operations such as convolution to be constructed by combining " shifted" and non-shifted imtermediate result arrays. This model corresponds closely with the underlying hardware model and permits processor expressions embedded in " host" language source code to be translated in situ. The translation is accomplished by a simple preprocessor and the resulting modified source code can be cross compiled by any existing compiler of the host language.
Storage technologies for wind power in the Columbia River Gorge

The transition from traditional energy sources to renewable has gained popularity and acceptance in recent years. This has been driven mainly by the current level of pollution, global warming, decommission of old nuclear power plants and the increasing cost of conventional energy sources. Nevertheless, one of the many steps to overcome is the seasonality or intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind power. In recent years, new technologies have come up to address this problem, so the energy can be stored for future purposes. This paper analyses these energy storage alternatives for a specific case in the Columbia River Gorge for wind power. A hierarchical decision model is developed with criteria including political, social, environmental, technical and economical. The main conclusions highlight that the economical and technical criteria are among the most important ones for decision-makers.
Denoising methods for thermomechanical decomposition for quasi-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations

In this work, we applied robust denoising methods well established in the signal processing field for the thermomechanical decomposition of velocity data obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the decomposition, the atomic velocity was assumed to be the sum of the mechanical velocity and the thermal velocity, which can be linked to the stress and temperature field at the continuum scale, respectively. For the quasi-equilibrium process, with the thermal velocity treated as the Gaussian distributed stationary noise with zero mean and a positive variance that is linearly proportional to temperature and mechanical velocity as the clean signal, the velocity decomposition can be recasted into a denoising problem, for which powerful denoising methods have been developed to estimate a clean signal from noisy data. We investigated the widely-used linear parametric real-domain, linear nonparametric Fourier-based, and nonlinear nonparametric wavelet-based denoising methods, first on their theoretical properties and then made comparsion among them for denosing some synthetic noisy 1-dimensional (1D) data generated from MD simulations. The nonlinear wavelet-based thresholding estimator possessed better optimality properties than the other estimators, and also outperformed the other estimators in the synthetic data test. A further test comparing the various denoising methods for an adiabatic shear crack nucleation and propagation process simulated using MD simulations showed better performance by the wavelet-based denoisng method. Results from this work reveal good potential of applying wavelet-based denoising method to the study of thermomechanical processes simulated using MD simulations.
HLA-linkage in affective disorder

Weitkamp et al.14 have reported that affective disorder segregates in families along with HLA, which suggests that a locus on the sixth chromosome, close to the HLA region (but not necessarily part of it), contributes substantially to the risk for affective disorder. This report has generated a great deal of interest, but also controversy6.
Superlattice magnetic recording media: experiment and simulation

Abstract Co/Pd superlattice perpendicular films are fabricated on 2 nm indium tin oxide (ITO) seed layers by DC magnetron sputtering. A film with perfect remanent squareness and highly linear demagnetization shear is obtained. Micromagnetic simulation suggests that the film has weak intergranular exchange coupling. Good SNR is obtained, but D50 is reduced by the closely spaced soft underlayer and large fly height.
The Cultural Basis, Development, and Consequences of a Socially Mediated Trading Corporation in Southern Zambezia

Abstract A second millennium A.D. Central African exchange alliance, founded upon indigenous structures of socially ordered risk minimization, is described. The regulation of allocation and agricultural production within customary kin chartered coalitions and socially mediated material and informational circulations are posited as principles underlying regional exchange complexes. The enhanced worth of the circulations penetrated by Indian Ocean trade goods reinforced customary authorities, while underwriting civic formation, monumental architecture, elite involvement, and an ecumenical ideology. The location of trading centers, and the economics affecting long distance exchanges of value, affected changes in status of centers during the corporation's 600-year existence. Its decline is mooted from the fragilities ingrained in systems of socially commissioned material transfer.
"As I remember it" research on biosynthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, squalene, and cholesterol.

Dr. George Popjak, recipient of the 1977 Award in Lipid Chemistry, presented a chronological account of his career in lipid biochemistry during, his address to the American Oil Chemists' Society on May 9, 1977, in New York City during the Society's 68th Annual Meeting. The address covers his early work in fetal lipids, through his pioneering studies of cholesterol and squalene biosynthesis, and his present work on mevalonate metabolism. “On reading the citation for this award,”. Dr. Popjak said, “I, had difficulty in deciding the topics for this address. I chose, rightly or wrongly, an autobiographical approach and to relate, as best I can remember, how I started and progressed in the study of the biochemistry of lipids.”
Asynchronous multilevel adaptive methods for solving partial differential equations on multiprocessors - Performance results

The fast adaptive composite grid method (FAC) is an algorithm that uses various levels of uniform grids (global and local) to provide adaptive resolution and fast solution of PDEs. Like all such methods, it offers parallelism by using possibly many disconnected patches per level, but is hindered by the need to handle these levels sequentially. The finest levels must therefore wait for processing to be essentially completed on all the coarser ones. A recently developed asynchronous version of FAC, called AFAC, completely eliminates this bottleneck to parallelism. This paper describes timing results for AFAC, coupled with a simple load balancing scheme, applied to the solution of elliptic PDEs on an Intel iPSC hypercube. These tests include performance of certain processes necessary in adaptive methods, including moving grids and changing refinement. A companion paper reports on numerical and analytical results for estimating convergence factors of AFAC applied to very large scale examples.
High call volume at poison control centers: identification and implications for communication

Context. High volume surges in health care are uncommon and unpredictable events. Their impact on health system performance and capacity is difficult to study. Objectives. To identify time periods that exhibited very busy conditions at a poison control center and to determine whether cases and communication during high volume call periods are different from cases during low volume periods. Methods. Call data from a US poison control center over twelve consecutive months was collected via a call logger and an electronic case database (Toxicall®).Variables evaluated for high call volume conditions were: (1) call duration; (2) number of cases; and (3) number of calls per staff member per 30 minute period. Statistical analyses identified peak periods as busier than 99% of all other 30 minute time periods and low volume periods as slower than 70% of all other 30 minute periods. Case and communication characteristics of high volume and low volume calls were compared using logistic regression. Results. A total o...
Tapped delay line focal plane detectors

Abstract The use of commercially available tapped delay lines in focal plane detectors is illustrated by four examples. These lines are small and rugged. They offer design flexibility, high resolution and dynamic range, moderately fast readout and simultaneous event suppression.
High performance Al y Ga 1-y As-GaAs-In x Ga 1-x As quantum well lasers defined by silicon-oxygen impurity-induced layer disordering

In these experiments impurity-induced layer disordering (IILD) utilizing chemical reduction of SiO2 by Al (from Al0.8Ga0.2As) is employed to generate Si and O to effect layer disordering. The SiO2-Al0.8Ga0.2As reaction is studied with respect to annealing ambient. By controlling the extent of disordering via As4 overpressure, closely spaced (∼1μm) Si-O IILD buried heterostructure lasers can be optically coupled or uncoupled. Direct observation of O incorporation into the buried layers is shown using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The thermal stability of separate-confinement AlyGa1−yAs-GaAs-InxGa1−xAs quantum well heterostructure (QWH) laser crystals is investigated using SIMS, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The data show that the thermal stability of a strained-layer In0.1Ga0.9As quantum well (QW) is strongly dependent upon: (1) the layer thickness and heterointerfaces of the AlyGa1−yAs-GaAs waveguide layers located directly above and below the QW, (2) the type of surface encapsulant employed, and (3) the annealing ambient. Narrow single-stripe (<2μm) lasers fabricated via Si-O diffusion and layer disordering exhibit low threshold currents (Ith ∼ 4 mA) and differential quantum efficiencies,η, of 22% per facet under continuous (cw) room-temperature operation.
Optimization of ion‐implanted low noise GaAs metal‐semiconductor field effect transistors

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of implantation energy and dose on the noise figure and associated gain of low noise GaAs metal‐semiconductor field effect transistors. Our results show that the noise figure and associated gain in these devices decrease as the implantation energy and the implanted dose increase. rf and dc performance of devices fabricated by direct ion implantation into liquid encapsulated Czochralski substrates, metalorganic chemical vapor deposited buffer layers, and AsCl3 buffer layers have been evaluated. The equivalent circuit elements derived from the S parameters are used to interpret the variation of critical device properties as a function of implantation energy, dose, and gate recess depth.
A comparison of several design augmentation strategies

Industrial experiments often involve many variables, of which only a few are expected to be important. Typically a sequential design approach is used in which a screening phase is followed by a more detailed design on a subset of the variables. Screening designs are usually highly-fractionated factorials or Plackett–Burman designs; the subsequent stages usually involve folding over the Plackett–Burman design, augmenting the fractional factorials, or a completely new less-fractionated factorial using a subset of the original variables. In all of these designs, the alias structure can cause difficulties in detecting the correct model. This paper examines the foldover properties of the Plackett–Burman versus those of three-quarter fractional factorials, comparing and contrasting the efficacy of these two alternative approaches relative to convergence to an a priori known correct model. The results suggest that an initial fractional factorial (that can be subsequently extended to a three-quarter fraction) supports better model identification than the Plackett–Burmann design (with subsequent full foldover). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global storm time plasma redistribution imaged from the ground and space

[1] The bulk redistribution of plasma in the near-Earth space environment during the onset and main phase of a magnetic storm has been observed on a global scale with 2-minute resolution using Far-Ultraviolet images from the NASA-IMAGE satellite and ground-based total electron content (TEC) maps using Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receivers. The dynamic variations under the storm conditions show a redistribution of plasma away from the nominal low-latitude location of the equatorial ionospheric anomalies, resulting in peak nightside ionospheric densities at middle latitudes. A zonal redistribution of plasma is also evident, as the plasma is depleted across the Atlantic sector, while TEC values grow in the Caribbean sector to the largest values on the nightside. The ground-based GPS measurements provide 24-hour observations of TEC, while the FUV measurements provide nightside observation with greater spatial resolution, continuous over land and sea. The complimentary observations are shown to have a very good correspondence, promising new analyses of storm time plasma redistribution with high temporal and spatial resolution and greatly improved global coverage.
Leakage power reduction in data driven dynamic logic circuits

In this paper, data-driven dynamic logic and its' variant split-path data-driven dynamic logic circuits are analyzed for dynamic and static power consumption. A new low-power methodology is introduced in order to reduce the leakage current while maintaining the speed advantages of the data driven dynamic logic. A sleep switch transistor is used in the data driven dynamic circuits in order to force a sleep mode asynchronously. An additional power gating transistor is used to avoid the possible short-circuit paths during idle mode. The proposed circuits are compared against the conventional dynamic logic that uses dual-Vt sleep switch transistors for reduced leakage. 45nm technology has been used to implement the designs and they have been tested using ripple carry adders. The results demonstrate that, with the proposed circuits, leakage power can be reduced by more than 90%, with minimal impact on the speed and dynamic power consumption. Split-path data-driven dynamic logic offers the best speed and power-delay product among the dynamic logic circuits.
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in spiral ganglion neurons contribute to excitatory neurotransmissions in the cochlea.

Abstract Evidence has accumulated over the years supporting glutamate as the primary neurotransmitter used by hair cells in afferent cochlear neurotransmission. Besides acting on ionotropic glutamate receptors, glutamate also activates second messenger systems via G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to modulate neuronal excitability. However, it is unclear whether mGluRs participate in cochlear neurotransmission. We present evidence directly supporting a functional role for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRIs) in spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. The presence of mGluRI and downstream G-protein subunits was demonstrated by molecular biology and immunolabeling methods. Direct activation of mGluRIs in cultured SG neurons resulted in transient increases of intracellular Ca++ concentration and transient inward currents that gave rise to firings of multiple action potentials. These responses showed mGluRI pharmacological specificity and quickly desensitized. We next examined changes in cochlear function after noise exposure as a result of pharmacologically manipulating cochlear glutamate neurotransmission. These in vivo tests showed that blocking non-N-methyl- d -aspartic acid glutamate receptors was sufficient to eliminate compound action potentials of the auditory nerve, and pharmacologically inhibiting mGluRIs in the cochlea did not significantly affect the hearing threshold. In contrast, blocking mGluRIs lowered the amplitude of compound action potentials at louder sound levels and reduced the noise-induced temporary threshold shift. Our results suggest that although mGluRIs did not initiate fast excitatory cochlear neurotransmission, their activation contributed to the growth of excitatory responses of the cochlea. As a result, the cochlea was more resistant to noise-induced temporary hearing losses without the activation of mGluRIs in SG neurons.
Asymmetry of the heliosphere

The outflowing solar wind interacts with the local interstellar medium to form the heliospheric cavity within which the solar wind is supersonic. Because the interstellar medium is moving with respect to the sun, and because the solar wind has a latitude dependence, the heliosphere is asymmetric. The flow of the interstellar medium past the heliosphere produces an asymmetry because of the Bernoulli effect, which draws the heliosphere out in a direction orthogonal to the upstream-downstream axis, and because of a viscous interaction, which draws out the heliosphere downstream. A variety of cases are considered and the effects are found to be significant with, typically, the upstream direction having a heliospheric dimension that is 2/3 the downstream dimension. Suggestions have been put forth to the effect that a spacecraft penetration of the heliospheric shock wave may be imminent. Because one of the most distant spacecraft is moving roughly in the upstream direction relative to the interstellar flow, and the other is moving in the downstream direction, the distance to their encounters with the heliospheric shock may differ by as much as 40 AU.