cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Privacy perception and fall detection accuracy for in-home video assistive monitoring with privacy enhancements

Video of in-home activity provides valuable information for assistive monitoring but raises privacy concerns. Raw video can be privacy-enhanced by obscuring the appearance of a person. We consider five privacy enhancements: blur, silhouette, oval, box, and trailing-arrows. We investigate whether a privacy enhancement exists that provides sufficient perceived privacy while enabling accurate fall detection by humans. We recorded 23 1-minute videos involving normal household activities, falling, and lying on the floor after an earlier fall, and created versions of each video for each privacy setting. We conducted an experiment with 376 undergraduate, non-engineering student participants to measure perceived privacy protection and the participant's fall detection accuracy for each privacy setting. Results indicate that the oval provides sufficient perceived privacy for 88% of participants while still supporting fall detection accuracy of 89%, and that the common privacy enhancements blur and silhouette were perceived to provide insufficient privacy.
Spectrin Domains: Proteolytic Susceptibility as a Probe of Protein Structure

Mild treatment of human erythrocyte spectrin with trypsin produces discrete intermediate-sized peptides. The effects of buffer composition, enzyme–substrate ratio, temperature, and other experimental parameters on the resulting peptide pattern have been examined. Spectrin is capable of regaining its proteolytic resistance after NaDodSO4-induced denaturation, permitting the use of isolated subunits to study spectrin structure and function. Tryptic digestion of isolated subunits also has greatly facilitated the identification of the subunit origin of the intermediate-sized peptides. Isolated subunits could also be recombined to form functional units similar but not identical to the native dimeric form of the molecule. Spectrin apparently is composed of numerous large protease-resistant regions or domains connected by small protease sensitive segments. The structural integrity and accessibility of these sites is minimally affected by oligomeric state or proteolytic digestion conditions. The similarities of sizes, isoelectric points, and amino acid compositions of many intermediate-size peptides from areas of both subunits suggest that at least part of spectrin's structure may have evolved via replication of a single gene. A possible structural repeat of approximately 50,000 daltons is hypothesized.
Evidence that serum phosphate is independently associated with serum PTH in patients with chronic renal failure

Abstract There has been controversy regarding the initial pathogenic events involved with the hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure (CRF). Low serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in uremic patients are postulated by some as having a role in permitting higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. However, recent animal and in vitro studies strongly suggest that phosphate has a direct effect on parathyroid cells to enhance PTH secretion. To evaluate the relationships among serum phosphate, calcium, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in uremic humans, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 84 patients with varying levels of CRF. Using stepwise regression analysis after adjusting for multiple comparisons, we found that serum phosphate correlated directly with serum PTH ( r = 0.62, P 3.0 mg/dL), only the serum calcium correlated with serum PTH ( r = −0.47, P v 37 ± 2 pg/mL; P
Client-centric fractional frequency reuse based on user cooperation in OFDMA networks

This paper proposes client-centric fractional frequency reuse (CC-FFR) techniques for interference mitigation in OFDMA-based cellular wireless networks. In this framework, clients exploit their peer-to-peer connectivity to bargain for spectrum by exchanging channel quality indicator (CQI) metrics with the objective of jointly finding viable sub-channel allocations with low co-channel interference and high throughput. We analyze both the unconstrained case of greedily maximizing system capacity, as well as the fair case where optimization is performed subject to minimum rate constraints per user. Our numerical results, based on realistic channel propagation models and IEEE 802.16-based system parameters, show a promising performance gain that motivates to further investigate the potential of using user cooperation for co-channel interference mitigation.
The Temporal Reliability of Brown's Mean Length of Utterance (MLU-M) Measure with Post-Stage V Children

The temporal reliability of Brown's MLU-M was investigated with 30 normally developing children, 10 in each of three age groups: 3:6–4:6, 5:6—6:6, and 8:6–9:6 years. All children obtained MLU-Ms gr...
Exploring the Foundations of Middle School Classroom Management.

(2001). Exploring the Foundations of Middle School Classroom Management. Childhood Education: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 84-90.
On predicting minority influence

Paralleling closely an experiment on group polarization by Vinokur and Burnstein (1978), subjects discussed one of three risky, cautious, or neutral choice dilemmas. For each of the value items, one half of the six-person groups consisted of a cautious minority and a risky majority; the other half consisted of a risky minority and a cautious majority. The minorities always consisted of trained confederates. The results indicated that on risky items minorities that argued for risk had more influence than minorities advocating caution; on neutral and cautious items the majority was not influenced by the minority whether it advocated the risky or cautious alternative.
The ideal communicator as the basis for competence judgments of self and friend

Theory suggests that our evaluations of an observed communicator's competence is a function of the similarity between the competence‐relevant characteristics we attribute to the communicator and the characteristics we would expect of the “ideal communicator.”; It follows that when we judge ourselves as communicators, we should also compare our own perceived characteristics with our conception of the “ideal.”; Research participants rated themselves, a friend, and the “highly competent communicator”; on items measuring their characteristics and evaluations of their communicative competence. Consistent with expectation, the reationship between judgments and evaluations of the friend and the “ideal,”; and the self and the “ideal,”; were both strong.
Enhanced protection against influenza virus of mice immunized as newborns with a mixture of plasmids expressing hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein

Effective immunization of neonates is an important goal for vaccinology. We show that inoculation of newborn mice with a mixture of plasmids expressing influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes leads to an enhanced protection subsequent to the lethal challenge with two distinct strains. In sharp contrast, neonatal injection with UV-inactivated influenza virus strain WSN, failed to induce protection against the homologous challenge. Our results show that while plasmid immunization of neonates elicits a protective immunity, the immunization with inactivated virus does not.
Relationship between plasma adrenocorticotropin, hypothalamic opioid tone, and plasma leptin.

The purpose of the present study was to further the understanding of the relationship between plasma leptin concentrations, hypothalamic opioid tone, and plasma ACTH secretory dynamics. ACTH(1–24) challenges (250 μg) produced the expected increase in plasma cortisol levels but did not alter plasma leptin levels. Activation of the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was induced by employing the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. By blocking opioidergic inhibitory input to hypothalamic CRH neurons, naloxone induced the expected increase in plasma ACTH and cortisol. Plasma ACTH levels peaked 30 min after naloxone administration, whereas plasma cortisol levels peaked 60 min after opioid receptor blockade. Once again, plasma leptin concentrations were not altered by this manipulation. However, there was a positive correlation between fasting, integrated plasma leptin concentrations, and plasma ACTH responses to naloxone (peak r = 0.822, P < 0.0001; and area under curve r = 0.832, P < 0.0001). T...
Structuring diagnostic knowledge for large-scale process systems

A set of guidelines is described for generating an initial organization of knowledge for distributed diagnosis of a process plant. The diagnostic knowledge is organized hierarchically by primary processing systems (commonly feed, reaction, and separation in chemical plants), subsystems, components, behaviors and malfunction modes. The resulting classification hierarchy decomposes the diagnostic problem solving into coordinated, distributed modules, where different modules may use different methods to address specific local subproblems. Classification hierarchies, organized in this way, provide effective modularity for organizing large-scale, knowledge-based diagnostic systems, which are difficult to construct without pertinent organizing principles. Such hierarchies provide a framework for systematic knowledge acquisition and maintenance. Application of the guidelines emphasizes readily available sources of knowledge, considers common design and operating objectives of process plants, draws upon operating expertise and builds on generic process characteristics. Application is illustrated for a fluidized catalytic cracking unit and a paraxylene production unit.
I region-restricted antigen presentation by B cell-B lymphoma hybridomas

The activation of T lymphocytes for many responses requires interaction with specialized antigen presenting cells (APC) which express I region associated (Ia) antigens. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and the recently described dendritic cell have been shown to be effective APC. Antigen-specific T cells appear to recognize a complex of antigen and Ia molecules on the surface of the APC and such joint recognition is the basis of the restriction of T-cell activation due to the major histocompatibility complex. The Ia molecules appear to be Ir gene products. However the biochemical nature of antigen presentation has been difficult to approach largely because of problems in obtaining sufficient numbers of highly purified APC. Although several Ia antigen-positive B lymphoma cell lines, which have proved very effective APC, have been recently described, they have all been of the same H-2d haplotype. We report here on hybridomas produced by fusion of normal C57BL/6 (B6) B cells (H-2b) to a hypoxanthine guanosine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) deficient variant of one of these lymphoma cell lines. The hybridomas appear to express functional Ia molecules of both parental cell haplotypes. Such cloned somatic cell hybrids should prove useful in studying the properties of Ir genes and Ia molecules in antigen presentation.
Temporal changes in P-4502E1 expression with continued ethylbenzene exposure

The goal of this study was to examine the effect of duration of ethylbenzene exposure on cytochrome P-450-dependent activities. Male rats were treated with ethylbenzene by intraperitoneal injection for either 1 or 3 days, and microsomal preparations were examined for changes in the microsomal proteins and activities as well as the expression of specific P-450 isozymes. Two general pattems of induction were evident when different P-450-dependent activities were examined. (i) Cytochrome P-450 2B-dependent activities (e.g., p-nitroanisole demethylation, benzphetamine demethylation, and aromatic toluene hydroxylations) were induced both after 1 and 3 days of ethylbenzene exposure. (ii) Cytochrome P-450 2El-dependent activities (e.g., N,N-dimethylnitrosamine demethylation and aniline hydroxylation) were induced after treatment with ethylbenzene for one day; however, after 3 days of ethylbenzene treatment these activities returned to control levels. Changes in these activities were consistent with changes in the levels of specificP-450 isozymes as determined by immunoblotting. Cytochrome P-450 2B levels were increased and P-450 2Cll levels were suppressed at both 1 and 3 days of ethylbenzene exposure. A temporal response in P-450 2E1 expression was observed, with P-450 2E1 levels increasing after a single ethylbenzene injection and returning to controls after administration of the hydrocarbon for 3 days. Rats were also subjected to a pair-feeding regimen to determine whether these effects were related to altered dietary status in ethylbenzene-treated rats. Neither P-450-dependent activities nor immunoreactive protein levels were altered in pair-fed rats. These results demonstrate that prolonging the duration of hydrocarbon exposure can produce differential effects on the expression of P-450 2E1, with levels being elevated after acute hydrocarbon administration, but not after more prolonged hydrocarbon exposure.
A numerical approach to the solution of Abel integral equations of the second kind with nonsmooth solution

Abstract In this paper, we study the feasibility of numerical solutions, analogous to those methods introduced by Bownds (1979, 1982) and Bownds and Wood (1976, 1979) for Volterra integral equations of the second kind with weakly singular kernels.
Reviving the Momentum in US Engagement with India: An American Perspective

Indo-US relations have undergone a dramatic transformation over the past decade, and the positive change is likely to be long-lasting. The Obama administration benefits from the strong underlying momentum behind recently improved bilateral relations. While important long-standing differences exist, such as Iran, Pakistan, and nuclear proliferation, these factors are unlikely to destabilize the relationship seriously, as there are important strategic interests that sustain it, as well as strong incentives on both sides to advance the well being of the global commons in space, the oceans, and technology. The Obama administration, however, has not yet been able to sustain the relationship with India at the level achieved under the previous Bush administration. So far, it has yet to come up with a positive emblematic centrepiece comparable to the civil nuclear deal pushed by the Bush administration. In large part, this is due to the greater focus now on terrorism rooted in Afghanistan and Pakistan, where Indi...
Linear, structured covariance estimation: An application to pattern classification for remote sensing

Abstract This work offers a new approach for estimating the spectral covariance matrix obtained in multispectral scanning remote sensing applications. The advantage of estimating the covariance using a linear, structured model over the conventionally used general sample covariance is quantified in terms of the expected improvement in signal-to-interference ratio as a function of available sample size. A specific example is discussed in detail.
Cyber-security considerations for the smart grid

The electrical power grid is evolving into the “smart grid.” The goal of the smart grid is to improve efficiency and availability of power by adding more monitoring and control capabilities. These new technologies and mechanisms are certain to introduce vulnerabilities into the power grid. In this paper we provide an overview of the cyber security state of the electrical power grid. We highlight some of the vulnerabilities that already exist in the power grid including limited capacity systems, implicit trust and the lack of authentication. We also address challenges of complexity, scale, added capabilities and the move to multipurpose hardware and software as the power grid is upgraded. These changes create vulnerabilities that did not exist before and bring increased risks. We conclude the paper by showing that there are a number mitigation strategies that can help keep the risk at an acceptable level.
Thermal roughening of FEM-clean Pt{110} and its vicinal areas

Abstract After heat treatment at ∼1600 K and rapid quenching, thermal roughening through kink formation could be observed on “FEM-clean” Pt{110} and on all its vicinal areas (which are made up of {110} terraces). Noticeable exceptions were the areas between {771} and {331} (including {771}), which are located on the [110] zone. These areas may remain topographically unchanged, or, more likely, may form {111}-microfacets during heat treatment. Upon annealing, the high-temperature roughness on {110} started to decrease at 830 K (formation of an 1 × 2 structure) and reached a minimum at 960 ± 25 K (≡ transition temperature, Tc). Thereafter, it increased precipitously until 1030 K was reached (surface roughening/deconstruction). Surface roughening could be suppressed readily by gas phase and/or bulk impurities (surface segregation). Vapour deposited Si, P, SiO, TiO2, Al2O3 and C (graphite) prevented surface roughening on Pt{110}. All investigations were carried out by FEM.
NEW IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LP ALGORTHM FOR OPTIMAL REAL POWER RESCHEDULING

ABSTRACT A new implementation of an LP algorithm for security-constrained preventive rescheduling of real power is described. Rescheduling of generation and load (if required) is used to maintain a secure condition by avoiding line overloads. A dual linear programming formulation of the optimal rescheduling is developed. The weighted minimum deviations in real power generations and loads are chosen as the objective function in the LP formulation. Inclusion of inequality constraints on active line flow limits and equality constraint on real power generation-load balance assures a solution representing a secure system. Transmission losses are also taken into account in the constraint function. Change in customer demands can be brought into the objective function. The line losses are also brought into the optimization in the form of an equality constraint. The algorithm has options to choose selected generators or loads to take part in the optimization. The proposed method is tested on four representative po...
Long-term variations of climate and carbon fluxes over the Amazon basin

[1] The Amazon basin contains some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, yet we have little understanding of the long-term behavior. By examining historical climate records over the Amazon, we identify several modes of climatic variability—including previously undocumented long-term modes. Furthermore, using a process-based ecosystem model, we show that these variations in climate generate variations in terrestrial carbon fluxes on short (3–4 year), intermediate (8–9 year), and long (24–28 year) time scales. The long-term cycles in terrestrial carbon balance have not been previously suggested. Finally, we find that time-lags between productivity and decomposition enhance the short-term variations in net carbon balance, while slightly dampening the long-term variations. Given the worldwide attention on terrestrial carbon cycling, and the potential for “carbon sinks”, we suggest that an improved understanding of long-term climatic and ecosystem processes is crucial. Other regions should be examined for potential long-term carbon cycle variations.
Deterministic algorithms for constrained concave minimization: A unified critical survey

The purpose of this article is to present a unified critical survey of the deterministic solution algorithms for constrained concave minimization. To unify and streamline the survey, the article first describes four fundamental techniques that serve as building blocks for most of these algorithms. These four techniques are extreme point ranking, concavity cut reduction, outer approximation, and branch and bound. Using these descriptions, the article then surveys the deterministic algorithms for constrained concave minimization by grouping them into three categories of approaches. These categories are enumeration, successive approximation, and successive partitioning. This strategy provides a means of efficiently conveying the essential mechanics and the relative strengths and weaknesses of most ofthe well-known concave minimization algorithms.
A Lyme disease case study and individualized healthcare plan.

The Atlantic and Pacific coasts are the boundaries of Lyme disease with the Northeastern and Midwestern regions of the United States continuing to report the majority of cases. New reported cases of Lyme disease doubled from 1991 to 2001 according to statistics published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2002). Within that population are more children between the ages of 5 and 9. The younger the child, the more difficult it is to diagnose Lyme disease. Children under the age of 19 are at high risk for Lyme disease because of the amount of time spent in outdoor activities during the late spring and summer. These months correlate with the tick breeding cycle and the peak time for outdoor recreational activities. Lyme disease can pose serious health risks in late stage illness. A Lyme disease case study on a school-age child provides comprehensive assessment data, interventions, and educational information for parents. A template of an individualized healthcare plan using standardized l...
Magnetically tunable superconducting resonators and filters

Compact, low-loss, tunable filters are needed for overload protection in the front end of many microwave-frequency systems. We have demonstrated magnetically tunable superconducting resonators and filters comprising microwave circuits coupled to ferrite substrates in monolithic structures using niobium at 4 K and hybrid resonator structures using YBCO at 77 K. A three-pole 1% bandwidth filter with 10-GHz center frequency and 1-dB insertion loss is described. In these devices the tunability results from changes in the magnetization of the ferrite rather than changes in the ferrimagnetic resonance frequency as in conventional YIG filters. Tunability data plotted us a function of magnetic field are fitted to the hysteresis theory developed previously and indicate that a tuning range of 13% is achievable. We have demonstrated switching times of less than one microsecond in structures incorporating closed magnetic paths in the form of a circular toroid.
Mutation Operators for Actor Systems

Mutation testing is a well known technique for estimating and improving the quality of test suites. Given a test suite T for a system S, mutation testing systematically creates mutants of S and executes T to measure how many mutants T detects. If T does not detect some (non-equivalent) mutants, T can be improved by adding test cases that detect those mutants. Mutants are created by applying mutation operators. Mutation operators are important because they define the characteristics of the system that are tested as well as the characteristics that are improved in the test suite. While mutation operators are well defined for a number of programming paradigms such as sequential or multi-threaded, to the best of our knowledge, mutation operators have not been defined for the actor programming model. In this paper, we define and classify mutation operators that can be used for mutation testing of actor programs.
Event detection and sub‐state discovery from biomolecular simulations using higher‐order statistics: Application to enzyme adenylate kinase

Biomolecular simulations at milli-second and longer timescales can provide vital insights into functional mechanisms. Since post-simulation analyses of such large trajectory data-sets can be a limiting factor in obtaining biological insights, there is an emerging need to identify key dynamical events and relating these events to the biological function online, that is, as simulations are progressing. Recently, we have introduced a novel computational technique, quasi-anharmonic analysis (QAA) (PLoS One 6(1): e15827), for partitioning the conformational landscape into a hierarchy of functionally relevant sub-states. The unique capabilities of QAA are enabled by exploiting anharmonicity in the form of fourth-order statistics for characterizing atomic fluctuations. In this paper, we extend QAA for analyzing long time-scale simulations online. In particular, we present HOST4MD - a higher-order statistical toolbox for molecular dynamics simulations, which (1) identifies key dynamical events as simulations are in progress, (2) explores potential sub-states and (3) identifies conformational transitions that enable the protein to access those sub-states. We demonstrate HOST4MD on micro-second time-scale simulations of the enzyme adenylate kinase in its apo state. HOST4MD identifies several conformational events in these simulations, revealing how the intrinsic coupling between the three sub-domains (LID, CORE and NMP) changes during the simulations. Further, it also identifies an inherent asymmetry in the opening/closing of the two binding sites. We anticipate HOST4MD will provide a powerful and extensible framework for detecting biophysically relevant conformational coordinates from long time-scale simulations.
Slot-line mode suppression using a fast-wave method for broadband antenna feed line structures

In this paper, we present an inexpensive design technique that suppresses slot-line mode excitation in CPW right-angle bends without air-bridges. This design technique suppresses the slot-line mode by equalizing the travel time of electromagnetic waves propagating along inner slot and outer slot by trenching the outer slot of CPW bends.
PINEAL LESIONS AND PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY: A REVIEW

THE syndrome of premature sexual maturation (precocious puberty) in man has occurred in association with many factors, including pituitary, adrenal, gonadal and pineal lesions. The first three are well known to cause sexual precocity, but the relation of tumors of the pineal gland to this condition has never been defined. The nature of the association is not generally understood, because the available data on pineal function are not well known. Since this literature has never been thoroughly surveyed, an inclusive review, to be published later, has been undertaken by the author. Portions of it that concern the association of pineal tumors and precocious puberty are summarized in this paper. The relationship has been known since 1898, when Heubner described the first case. Since that time at least 475 verified cases of pineal tumor have been reported in detail. Of these, 178 occurred in patients 1 to 16 years of age, 145 of whom were boys. Precocious puberty was observed in 46 of these boys.
Direct measurements of the coordination of lever arm swing and the catalytic cycle in myosin V

Myosins use a conserved structural mechanism to convert the energy from ATP hydrolysis into a large swing of the force-generating lever arm. The precise timing of the lever arm movement with respect to the steps in the actomyosin ATPase cycle has not been determined. We have developed a FRET system in myosin V that uses three donor–acceptor pairs to examine the kinetics of lever arm swing during the recovery and power stroke phases of the ATPase cycle. During the recovery stroke the lever arm swing is tightly coupled to priming the active site for ATP hydrolysis. The lever arm swing during the power stroke occurs in two steps, a fast step that occurs before phosphate release and a slow step that occurs before ADP release. Time-resolved FRET demonstrates a 20-A change in distance between the pre- and postpower stroke states and shows that the lever arm is more dynamic in the postpower stroke state. Our results suggest myosin binding to actin in the ADP.Pi complex triggers a rapid power stroke that gates the release of phosphate, whereas a second slower power stroke may be important for mediating strain sensitivity.
Injury prevention and other international public health initiatives

Injuries, whether caused by unintentional or intentional events, area significant public health problem. The burden of injury is greatest in low-and middle-income countries and among individuals of low socioeconomic status living in high-income countries. Most of these injuries are prevent-able. Emergency physicians can play an important role in reducing the global burden of injuries by providing expert care and by identifying, implementing, and evaluating population-based countermeasures to prevent and control injuries. The strategy used in a particular country depends in large part on the nature of the local problem, the concerns of the population, the availability of resources, and competing demands. Even simple countermeasures may have a big impact in reducing the global burden of death and disability due to injury.
Spherical Waves Scattering from Planar Boundaries

In this chapter we consider the scattering of a spherical wave from a planar boundary separating two different fluids with densities ρ j and sound speeds c j (j = 1, 2). This is the same geometry considered in Chap. 3 with the additional complication that all incidence angles are now possible. For the point source located at x′(z′ > 0) in the upper fluid (fluid 1) and the receiver at x which could occur in either fluid we have the geometry illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
Autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow in preterm infants

The response of cerebral blood flow to changes in arterial tensions of carbon dioxide and oxygen in premature infants is studied. Experimental data for premature infants under mechanical ventilation has been compiled from the literature and analyzed. Algebraic representations are derived to describe the steady-state relationships for cerebral blood flow in terms of arterial blood tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide for premature infants.
Laboratory set-up for instruction and research in electric drives control

A versatile laboratory set-up for teaching and research in the area of electric drive control is proposed. The set-up is simple to build and inexpensive compared to other conventional options. The system is assembled by using off-the-shelf integrated modules rather than built out of discrete components. General-purpose simulation software is used to perform any desired control function. No particular written software is needed. A personal computer is used to house the software and to provide adequate interface between the software and the external hardware. Except for the power electronic switches, the controllers and the interface circuits are modular and can drive motors of virtually any size. With the proposed lab set-up, any previously designed control system can be implemented and tested in just a few minutes. >
FKS Mutations and Elevated Echinocandin MIC Values among Candida glabrata Isolates from U.S. Population-Based Surveillance

Candida glabrata is the second leading cause of candidemia in the United States. Its high-level resistance to triazole antifungal drugs has led to the increased use of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents for primary therapy of these infections. We monitored C. glabrata bloodstream isolates from a population-based surveillance study for elevated echinocandin MIC values (MICs of ≥0.25 μg/ml). From the 490 C. glabrata isolates that were screened, we identified 16 isolates with an elevated MIC value (2.9% of isolates from Atlanta and 2.0% of isolates from Baltimore) for one or more of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin. All of the isolates with elevated MIC values had a mutation in the previously identified hot spot 1 of either the glucan synthase FKS1 (n = 2) or FKS2 (n = 14) gene. No mutations were detected in hot spot 2 of either FKS1 or FKS2. The predominant mutation was mutation of FKS2-encoded serine 663 to proline (S663P), found in 10 of the isolates with elevated echinocandin MICs. Two of the mutations, R631G for FKS1 and R665G for FKS2, have not been reported previously for C. glabrata. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that the predominance of the S663P mutation was not due to the clonal spread of a single sequence type. With a rising number of echinocandin therapy failures reported, it is important to continue to monitor rates of elevated echinocandin MIC values and the associated mutations.
How Today’s Developments in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Will Change Tomorrow’s Standards of Care

Cisplatin (Platinol; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, http://www.bms.com) and carboplatin (Paraplatin; Bristol-Myers Squibb), together with newer chemotherapies, such as docetaxel (Taxotere; Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, http://www.aventispharma-us.com), paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb), vinorelbine (Navelbine; GlaxoSmith-Kline, Philadelphia, http://www.gsk.com), pemetrexed (Alimta; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, http://www.lilly.com), and gemcitabine (Gemzar; Eli Lilly and Company), have improved treatment outcomes in both advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and in the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting. Newer systemic treatments for NSCLC, used in advanced stage IV management, are beginning to be studied in earlier stages of the disease, when treatment is better tolerated and potentially curative. Hopefully, newer agents with proven efficacies in advanced disease will enhance curability. Following the successful addition of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, http://www.gene.com) to carboplatin/paclitaxel in advanced disease, bevacizumab is now being incorporated into adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials. Trials in stage IB-IIIA patients will study neoadjuvant docetaxel/cisplatin/bevacizumab. The discovery that patients with exon 19 and 21 mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR have around an 80% response rate to gefitinib (Iressa; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, http:// www.astrazeneca-us.com) and that this response confers survival benefit indicates its potential utility for mutation-positive patients with advanced- and earlier-stage disease. Clinical characteristics, such as never smoking status and adenocarcinoma, and especially bronchioloalveolar carcinoma histological features, can also identify individuals likely to respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Studies of neoadjuvant erlotinib (Tarceva; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Melville, NY, http://www.osip.com) in operable NSCLC are planned. One such study includes cisplatin and docetaxel. Effective development of active agents and disease management based on molecular profiling of lung tumors will change tomorrow's standard of care.
Poultry Husbandry Practices

Abstract POULTRY Husbandry Practices” was a course planned at the request of the instructors in Agricultural Education to meet the particular needs of future high school teachers. Prior to the offering of this course, the only instruction that these students received in poultry was the introductory course “Poultry Husbandry 5,” which consists of two lectures and one demonstration per week for a semester of fifteen weeks. The instructors in Agricultural Education felt that their students needed some additional training in Poultry Husbandry, but the students had such a heavy load of required courses that they could not include several poultry courses. From this was evolved the idea that, after taking Poultry Husbandry 5, these students be required to take Poultry Husbandry 6, a laboratory course of one two-hour laboratory period per week, which would give them actual practice in those operations on the poultry farm that they would most likely have . . .
Parallel bidirectional A* search on a symmetry multiprocessor

This report presents our experiences parallelizing and implementing search problems. We take the sequential A* search and parallelize it by combining with bidirectional search, called parallel bidirectional A* search (PBiA*S). To identify the effectiveness of the PBiA*S, we implement two search problems, the Eight Puzzle and the Tower of Hanoi, on a Symmetry multiprocessor. Execution results demonstrate that the PBiA*S can be an effective parallel search method as it gives two two 12-fold speedup over the unidirectional A* search for the two search problems. >
The control of sexual identity in the Drosophila germline

Whether to be male or female is a critical decision in development. Nowhere is this more important than in the germ cells, which must produce either the sperm or eggs necessary for the perpetuation of the species. How does a germ cell make this decision and how is it executed? One thing that is clear is that this process is very different in germ cells compared with other cells of the embryo. Here, we explore how sexual identity is established in the Drosophila germline, how this affects other aspects of germ cell development and what studies in Drosophila can teach us about mammalian germ cells.
Optimal time-frequency signaling for rapidly time-varying channels

We introduce a new signaling scheme for time- and frequency-selective channels that is a generalization of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) signaling used in slowly time-varying channels. The Fourier basis functions used in conventional MC-CDMA systems encounter temporal distortion in rapidly time-varying channels resulting in degraded performance. The proposed scheme transmits the data over a set of orthonormal time-frequency basis functions whose time-frequency support is matched to the coherence time and bandwidth of the channel. The time-frequency signaling scheme approximately diagonalizes the time-varying multipath channel and each basis function encounters flat Rayleigh fading. We derive an optimal choice of basis parameters that yield the most accurate diagonalization for given multipath and Doppler spreads of the channel. The proposed system fully exploits the diversity afforded by the channel and delivers improved performance in rapidly time-varying channels in contrast to degraded performance of existing systems under such conditions.
Tailoring Privacy to Users' Needs

This article discusses how the deployment of personalized systems is affected by users' privacy concerns and by privacy legislation. It shows that these impacts are substantial and will require a significant enhancement of current systems. Basic requirements can already be met with existing technology. Most privacy laws however also impose demands that call for new technologies that still need to be researched. A central conclusion of the paper is that a uniform solution for privacy demands does not exist since both user preferences and legal stipulations are too heterogeneous. Instead, privacy will have to be dynamically tailored to each individual user's needs, and to the jurisdiction at both the location of the personalized system and that of the user.
Error Estimation and Error Reduction in Separable Monte-Carlo Method

6) and using computationally expensive finite element models, makes Monte–Carlo simulations very expensive. This paper uses an improved sampling procedure for calculating the probability of failure, called separable Monte–Carlo method. The separable Monte– Carlo method can improve the accuracy of the traditional crude Monte–Carlo when response and capacity are independent. In previous research, accuracy of separable Monte–Carlo for a simple limit state was estimated via expectation calculus for a simple form of the limit state. In this paper, error estimates for a general limit state are developed through bootstrapping, and it is demonstrated that the estimates are reasonably accurate. Separable Monte–Carlo allows us to choose different sample sizes of the response and capacity in the limit state, and the paper demonstrates that bootstrapping may be used to estimate the contribution of the response and capacity to the total error. When the accuracy of the probability of failure is not good enough, the paper proposes reformulation of the limit state as another way to reduce uncertainty associated with the expensive random variable (usually the response). The accuracy of the bootstrapping estimates and the effectiveness of regrouping is demonstrated with an example of prediction of failure in a composite laminate with the Tsai–Wu failure criterion.
Anarchy, State, or Utopia?: Checks and Balances in Internet Governance

Internet governance once took place through a social contract: good behavior from all parties produced a ripe environment for invention and innovation, and generated tremendous worldwide benefits. Over time, an influx of money and power began to break the Internet's utopia, leading to crime, censorship, and fights over control. Internet governance now requires a complex system of checks and balances among users, businesses, and governments&#x2014;and too great a power imbalance among these groups could undermine some policy goals in favor of others.
Who Owns Implicit Attitudes? Testing a Metacognitive Perspective:

Metacognitive inferences about ownership for one's implicit attitudes have the power to turn implicit bias into explicit prejudice. In Study 1, participants were assigned to construe their implicit attitudes toward gay men as belonging to themselves (owned) or as unrelated to the self (disowned). Construing one's implicit responses as owned led to greater implicit-explicit attitude correspondence. In Study 2, we measured ownership for implicit attitudes as well as self-esteem. We predicted that ownership inferences would dictate explicit attitudes to the degree that people had positive views of the self. Indeed, higher ownership for implicit bias was associated with greater implicit-explicit attitude correspondence, and this effect was driven by participants high in self-esteem. Finally, in Study 3, we manipulated inferences of ownership and measured self-esteem. Metacognitions of ownership affected implicit-explicit attitude correspondence but only among those with relatively high self-esteem. We conclude that subjective inferences about implicit bias affect explicit prejudice.
Robust Classification of Information Networks by Consistent Graph Learning

Graph regularization-based methods have achieved great success for network classification by making the label-link consistency assumption, i.e., if two nodes are linked together, they are likely to belong to the same class. However, in a real-world network, there exist links that connect nodes of different classes. These inconsistent links raise a big challenge for graph regularization and deteriorate the classification performance significantly. To address this problem, we propose a novel algorithm, namely Consistent Graph Learning, which is robust to the inconsistent links of a network. In particular, given a network and a small number of labeled nodes, we aim at learning a consistent network with more consistent and fewer inconsistent links than the original network. Since the link information of a network is naturally represented by a set of relation matrices, the learning of a consistent network is reduced to learning consistent relation matrices under some constraints. More specifically, we achieve it by joint graph regularization on the nuclear norm minimization of consistent relation matrices together with $$\ell _1$$-norm minimization on the difference matrices between the original relation matrices and the learned consistent ones subject to certain constraints. Experiments on both homogeneous and heterogeneous network datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Aortic Wall Injury Related to Endovascular Therapy for Aortic Coarctation

Aortic wall complications can occur in unrepaired aortic coarctation (CoA) and after surgical repair or endovascular treatment. This review summarizes the available literature and current understanding of aortic wall injury (AWI) surrounding the management of CoA, focusing specifically on acute and follow-up AWI after endovascular treatment. There have been 23 reported cases of aortic rupture after endovascular treatment for CoA, including angioplasty alone, bare metal stenting, and primary covered stent therapy. Even if these published cases represent only a minority of ruptures that have actually occurred, the incidence is substantially <1%. The incidence of acute aneurysm formation was 0% to 13% after angioplasty, 0% to 5% after bare metal stent placement, and <1% after covered stent placement. The reported incidence and natural history of both acute and new AWI during follow-up after endovascular therapy for CoA varies considerably, likely secondary to ascertainment and reporting biases and inconsistent definitions. Although important AWI after endovascular treatment of CoA seems to be declining in frequency with increasing experience and improving technology, it remains one of the most important potential adverse outcomes. Long-term surveillance for new AWI and monitoring of existing AWI is mandatory, with institution of appropriate treatment when necessary. A central research focus in this population should be determination of the appropriate treatment for both native and recurrent CoA across various ages with regard to limiting recurrent CoA and preventing associated aortic wall complications, in addition to determining the appropriate treatment of various AWI. Consistent definitions and reporting are necessary to truly understand the incidence of, risk factors for, and measures protective against AWI after angioplasty or stent implantation for CoA.
EDGE EFFECTS IN GEOMORPHOLOGY

Edge effects in geomorphology produce features or processes along the boundaries between landscape elements, which are distinctly different from those of the adjacent elements. These effects are unique to the edge environment, as opposed to simply being transitional in nature. Three general types of edge effects are identified and illustrated with examples from the North Carolina coastal plain. First, ecological edge effects may have a geomorphic expression owing to the biogeomorphic impacts of plants and animals. This is illustrated by ant bioturbation along a forest-grass boundary. A concentration of ant mounding in the edge zone affects bioturbation rates, soil turnover times, and surface physical properties that are distinct from those in the adjacent forest or grass. Second, edge effects may be associated with unique geomorphic controls along boundaries. In the coastal plain, for example, ferricretes form along valley-side slopes where the discharge of iron-enriched groundwater coincides with erosion...
Strange eros: Foucault, ethics, and the historical a priori

This essay explores Foucault’s conception of the historical a priori through the lens of an archival ethics of eros. Highlighting the paradoxical nature of the historical a priori as both constitutive and contingent, it harnesses the temporal dynamism of experiences of the untimely as erotic. Drawing on the work of Anne Carson, the essay brings out the strangeness of eros as an ancient Greek word that remains unintelligible to us. That strangeness signals an ethics of dissonant attunement to the untimeliness of the historical a priori. Such an ethics of eros names those experiences of connection and rupture that both bind and unbind us in relation to a biopolitical present that is radically unstable. Reading eros as strange thus ultimately allows us to find resources for an ethics of self-transformation in Foucault’s reflections on the temporal instability that the historical a priori names.
An Analysis of the Present Negro Press

IT IS generally agreed that the two most important and influential agencies for social control, for racial solidarity, and for moulding public opinion within the Negro group are the church and the press. One of these, the Negro press, is growing rapidly in both size and influence, and no one can hope to understand the dynamics of the "Negro problem" in the United States without some knowledge of the Negro press and the role it plays.
Morphological Analysis of Wisconsin (U.S.A.) Species of the Acanthocyclops Vernalis Group (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

ABSTRACT The species of Acanthocyclops with 17-segmented antennules are a subtly variable group in Wisconsin. Principal Components Analysis of 313 individuals suggests there are 3 distinct species. Two of these species, A. vernalis and A. brevispinosus, show little or no within-species morphological variation. The third species, A. robustus, expresses a range of spininess, depending on the season. Descriptions and a key are provided for the Wisconsin species.