cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axillary to common iliac arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis access: Case report and review of 'exotic' axillary-based grafts

A 58-year-old Caucasian male with end-stage renal disease and peripheral arterial disease was referred to us for management of his complex vascular access. His vascular access history included a left wrist primary fistula, a left upper arm access graft, a left leg loop graft, and multiple PermCaths in his jugular veins with recurrent infections. Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of his chest revealed extensive bilateral venous occlusions due to numerous past hemodialysis access catheters. The patient was scheduled for right lower extremity arteriovenous graft placement, but intraoperatively was found to have severe peripheral arterial disease and a thromboendarterectomy was performed instead. Lower body venous imaging demonstrated patent iliac veins. Based on these anatomic considerations a right axillary artery to right common iliac vein polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft was placed. The graft required revision twice--once for graft ultrafiltration at the arterial end of the graft and once for needle stick infection--but continues to serve as sufficient access after 15 months. Grafts based off the axillary artery have become increasingly popular in recent years and several venous outflow options have been considered, each with distinct advantages. The common iliac vein offers a central location with high flow rate and low probability of infection. Axillary artery to iliac vein arteriovenous grafting may have a place in the vascular surgeon's armamentarium for complex vascular access cases.
Scaling of Host Competence

Body size influences many traits including those that affect host competence, the propensity to cause new infections. Here, we employ a new framework to reveal that, for at least two infections, West Nile virus and Lyme disease, large hosts should be more competent than small ones, but their lower abundance could mitigate their impacts on local risk. By contrast, for rabies, small hosts will be disproportionately more competent than large ones, an effect amplified by the higher densities of small species. These outcomes differ quite a bit from previous approaches that incorporate allometries into epidemiological models. Subsequently, we advocate for future integrative work to resolve how interspecific variation in body size influences the emergence and spread of infections.
The Threat of Outbreaks in US Border Patrol Detainment Centers.

Twelve minutes before the arrival of Christmas, medical staff at a county hospital in New Mexico declared an 8-year-old boy dead.1 He had arrived there unresponsive less than 1 hour before, his second visit to the hospital that day. It was the end of a long journey for Felipe Gomez-Alonzo. Early in December 2018, Felipe and his father departed their village in rural Guatemala for the United States.2 On December 18, US Customs and Border Protection apprehended them at the El Paso, Texas, border. During the next 6 days, US Customs and Border Protection detained both Felipe and his father, eventually transferring them to a Border Patrol station in Alamogordo, New Mexico, a city of 30 000 people.1 At 9 am on Christmas Eve, a US Border Patrol processing agent noticed that Felipe was coughing.1 Border Patrol agents transported him and his father to Gerald Champion Regional Medical Center for evaluation of influenza symptoms. Gerald Champion Regional Medical Center is a small county hospital shared by active-duty personnel and residents in Alamogordo. The extent of Felipe’s evaluation at Gerald Champion is unclear. Was an influenza test done? New Mexico had influenza cases since October, and for the previous week, the state department of health had characterized influenza activity as widespread.3 Felipe had a fever of … Address correspondence to Mark A. Travassos, MD, MSc, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201. E-mail: mtravass{at}som.umaryland.edu
Some Consequences of Grafting Autonomic Ganglia to Brain Surfaces

Neural transplantation has been concerned with both the survival potential of grafts and their incorporation or connections within the host brain substance. Recent investigations have shown that grafts can produce a relatively normal cellular pattern in the cerebellum1 and can make functional connections in the rat visual system,2, 3 hippocampus,4 basal ganglia,5 or hypothalamic system.6 A common thread throughout such experiments is that the neural tissues that survived and differentiated within the host brain were exclusively from fetal donors. Often, homologous fetal tissue was used as grafts that might ameliorate deficiencies in the host. For example, Gash et al.6 implanted fetal hypothalamus in the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat, and Bjorklund and Stenevi4 and Perlow, Wyatt, and associates5 inserted fetal substantia nigra grafts to supplant a damaged dopamine system. It is well known that the “younger” the CNS neural tissue graft, the better its chances of survival and rate of growth. Recently, cultured fetal CNS tissue has been utilized successfully as donor tissue.7 In sharp contrast, grafts of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) must come from a more mature source in order to survive upon the surface of the CNS.8, 9
Path Loss Modeling and Ray-Tracing Verification for 5/31/90 GHz Indoor Channels

Millimeter-wave links, which will be applied in 5G wireless communication, can suffer severe attenuation and multipath fading in indoor channels. Accurate indoor channel modeling for path loss is hence important. In this paper we address this for frequencies of 5, 31 and 90 GHz. An indoor environment is modeled and simulated via the X3D ray-tracing method in Wireless Insite® software, and results are post-processed in MATLAB. Measurements at each frequency were also made in the indoor environments for link distances up to 50 m. Two types of widely-used log-distance path loss models are used for comparing results: the close-in (CI) free-space reference model and the floating intercept (FI) model. Path loss simulation results are compared with measurement for different frequencies, antennas, and channel conditions. Our results show that CI model slopes between ray-tracing and measurements differ by less than 0.3, and model standard deviations differ by less than 2 dB for all frequencies for the line of sight (LOS) case. For a non-light-of-sight (NLOS) channel, differences are less than 0.6 for slope and 5 dB for standard deviations, illustrating the utility of ray-tracing for these frequencies and settings.
Grade 4 Pneumonitis in a Patient Treated with a Combination of Gemcitabine and Docetaxel for Recurrent Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus

Gemcitabine and docetaxel combination chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with unresectable recurrent or metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. Although they are generally well-tolerated agents, they can also cause severe and life-threatening pulmonary toxicities. Here, we describe a case of grade 4 pneumonitis due to gemcitabine and docetaxel in a 74-year-old woman with recurrent, metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma. Despite early recognition of chemotherapy-induced lung injury and early administration of corticosteroid, she developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. She required multiple intubations and a tracheostomy. Physicians should not only be aware of gemcitabine and docetaxel's potential to cause life-threatening pulmonary injuries but also recognize the variability in clinical presentations and treatment responses, the radiographic findings of these lung toxicities, and the need for early corticosteroid therapy in these cases.
In Situ 2D MoS2 Field-Effect Transistors with an Electron Beam Gate

We use the beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to modulate in situ the current–voltage characteristics of a two-terminal monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel fabricated on a s...
Books and Posters: Creating Conversations That Result in Learning:

Pairing poster conversations with individual reading selections for students in MBA and undergraduate organizational behavior and leadership courses is a rewarding method for students to share thei...
The longitudinal structure of disgust proneness: Testing a latent trait-state model in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Abstract Although disgust proneness (DP) is increasingly recognized as a personality characteristic that confers risk for psychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the extent to which it reflects a time-varying (TV) or state-like factor versus a time-invariant (TI) or trait-like personality characteristic is unclear. In a 6-wave, 5-month longitudinal study, community participants (n = 982) recruited through ResearchMatch completed the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale Revised (van Overveld, de Jong, Peters, Cavanagh, & Davey, 2006), a measure of three variants of DP including Somatic Disgust Sensitivity, Ruminative Disgust Sensitivity, and Disgust Propensity. A latent variable (trait-state-occasion) model was applied to all of the DP dimensions. The results showed that although estimates of TI factor variance and TV factor variance were both significant for Somatic Disgust, Ruminative Disgust, and Disgust Propensity, the proportion of TI factor variance (range from .68 to .82) for the DP dimensions was substantially and significantly greater than the amount of TV factor variance (range from .18 to .32). Furthermore, while TV factor stability was statistically significant for the DP dimensions, the size of the coefficients were only moderate in magnitude. Subsequent analysis then examined the extent to which TV or TI components of DP were associated with latent OCD symptoms at each of the six time points. The results showed that estimates of the regression weight for the TI DP factor were significant and larger than those for the TV factor which were often nonsignificant. These findings suggest that DP is largely TI, and it is this TI component that is most strongly associated with OCD symptoms.
Management of Venous Malformations

Venous malformations (VMs) are slow-flow, congenital vascular anomalies that are a result of vascular dysgenesis. Clinical presentation and morbidity depend on size, location, and association with other syndromes. VMs are the most common symptomatic vascular anomaly referred for intervention, usually due to thrombosis, swelling, mass effect, functional compromise, or cosmetic concerns. Treatment for larger lesions can be challenging and a multidisciplinary approach involving medical, interventional, and surgical input is critical for comprehensive care. This article will assist the interventional radiologist in patient assessment and will discuss current techniques for treatment, means to minimize adverse events, and expected outcomes.
Conservation easement landowners' willingness to accept for forest thinning and the impact of information

Abstract After being subject to several decades of degradation, the bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests within the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley have undergone landscape-scale restoration regimes through conservation easement programs, such as the Wetland Reserve Program (WRP). Reforested easements offer an opportunity for landowners' adoption of forest management practices to fulfill the program's long-term conservation goals. Using the contingent valuation approach, we examine easement landowners' willingness to accept (WTA) to thin their forest subject to an easement to enhance forest health and wildlife habitat quality, and we test the effect of providing information about the benefits of thinning on WTA estimates. Results from an interval regression model suggest that ownership characteristics like years of ownership, involvement in non-timber activities like hiking and walking, and management characteristics like having past intention to thin, significantly decreased WTA while being an original easement grantor and ownership objectives like legacy increased WTA. The mean monetary compensation required to induce thinning adoption is $11.41 per ton of pulpwood. There is some evidence that the information intervention influences the WTA estimates downward, representing a potential policy instrument to achieve thinning objectives in the conservation easements efficiently.
Impacts of S-Nitrosylation in Cancer

From its diminutive size and ephemeral nature to its lipophilicity and ability to rapidly diffuse across cell membranes, nitric oxide (NO) is a highly effective signal molecule. In this capacity, NO regulates the activity of a wide range of target proteins through its central function in S-nitrosylation. In the past decade, S-nitrosylation signaling events have garnered an increasing amount of interest with regard to their impacts on malignant neoplasms. In this chapter, we review both the pathogenic and prospective therapeutic roles of S-nitrosylation in cancer biology.
Marketing cereal to children: content analysis of messages on children's and adults' cereal packages

This study compares messages displayed on children's and adults' cereal boxes. In total, 127 cereal boxes were collected and content analysed. On the front panel, we found an interesting contradiction between health-related textual and graphical messages. The nutrient claim appeared on more than half of cereals for children, which is significantly higher coverage compared with that of adult cereals. On the other hand, the representation of a bowl of cereal was far more likely to appear artificially coloured or sweetened on child-targeted cereal boxes and contain less fruits and nuts compared with adult-targeted cereals. Results on the back and side panels showed that messages targeting adults are mostly health related (e.g. well-being, purity) while messaging to children focuses less on health-related messages and more on games, toys and other entertaining topics. Nutritionally, child-targeted cereals overall are less nutritious than adult-targeted cereals and have higher rankings of sugar sources in the ingredients. This study calls for a critical consideration about not only on what is in the cereal box but also what is on the box.
Integrilin in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

The adjunctive use of eptifibatide in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains controversial. We therefore set out to determine the safety and efficacy of eptifibatide in this population.
Studies of the binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to DNA. 3. Tight binding of RNA polymerase holoenzyme to single-strand breaks in T7 DNA.

Abstract Single-strand breaks in T7 DNA enhance transcription by Escherichia coli core RNA polymerase, probably by providing new sites for RNA chain initiation. Significant enhancement is obtained with a small number of breaks, hence it seems likely that a large proportion of all breaks can serve as RNA chain initiation sites for core polymerase. Single-strand breaks in T7 DNA inhibit transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme. The inhibition is due to a decrease in the fraction of RNA polymerase holoenzyme molecules that can initiate a T7 RNA chain when DNA containing single-strand breaks serves as template. This decrease is probably accounted for by the finding that single-strand breaks serve as tight binding sites for RNA polymerase holoenzyme but that few such sites can serve as RNA chain initiation sites. It is concluded that the structural requirements for a “tight” binding site on DNA for RNA polymerase are less stringent than the requirements for an RNA chain initiation site. Thus, the fidelity of initiation of T7 RNA synthesis is governed not only through regulation of the sites on T7 DNA at which binding of RNA polymerase can occur, but also by what appear to be rigid structural requirements for RNA chain initiation by RNA polymerase once it has been bound.
Faith in Action: Heritage Literacy as a Synchronisation of Belief, Word and Deed.

The concept that literacies are best understood when examined in their context has been promoted for decades by socio-cultural literacy researchers such as Brian Street and Shirley Brice Heath. Street's term ‘literacy practice’ is a combination of the actual ‘events of literacy’ and the cultural, social and political underpinnings that surround the event. Further, others in literacy studies have explored literacy in church settings. In this article, I explore the concept of faith as a heritage literacy practice. The combination of empirical literacy artefacts, such as biblical scripture used on everyday objects, the literacy events of acting out one's faith, and the ‘folk models’ or ways of conceptualising these events together make faith a literacy practice. Further, the ways that people adopt, adapt or alienate themselves from faith mark it as a heritage literacy practice. The following article examines the synchronisation of faith and action, specifically as it was exemplified in one northern Indiana Amish community and one multigenerational family.
Livingston v. Jefferson- A Freestanding Footnote

This commentary originated as a footnote to my in-process article on the "statutizing" of evidence law-an examination of how the laws regulating that subject have changed from purely decisional, Englishstyle common law to their present-day status of codes and rules. The very first effort to construct a Code of Evidence was by an eminent American named Edward Livingston, sometimes from New York, sometimes from Louisiana, always a man of the world.1 One of Livingston's celebrated encounters was with Thomas Jefferson. It was a bitter dispute that lasted some decades and involved many other famous names of that era. The ruling of John Marshall that ultimately terminated their lawsuit, appropriately entitled Livingston v. Jefferson,2 still lingers in civil procedure treatises3 and casebooks,4 and continues to confound law students. Although biographers of the participants usually state correctly the narrow ground of the ruling, they do so without any depth of exploration. These biographers are mostly historians by training, and, rightly enough for their purposes, they wholly ignore questions that may be of professional interest to lawyers.
Lovastatin Inhibits Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Induced Chemokine Expression via LFA-1 and Decreases Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background Lovastatin has a unique ability to bind Leukocyte Function Antigen-1 (LFA-1), an integrin necessary for the full expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by the low molecular weight form of the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (LMW HA). We hypothesized that lovastatin could inhibit LMW HA inflammatory signals via interaction with LFA-1, and attenuate bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods We evaluated the effects of lovastatin, pravastatin, LFA-1 blocking antibodies, and a novel LFA-1 inhibitor LFA 878 on LMW HA induced cytokine production in alveolar macrophages. We evaluated the effect of lovastatin in a bleomycin model of lung injury. Results Lovastatin immediately inhibited the LMW HA induced cytokine MIP 1-α (p=0.001) independent of HMG CoA reductase. Pravastatin showed no inhibitory profile when administered simultaneously with LMW HA. LFA-1 blocking antibodies and the small molecule statin derivative LFA 878 showed an inhibitory profile similar to lovastatin. Lovastatin showed decreased fibrosis on histopathology and improved survival at day 14, with a decrease in fibrocytes noted at day 8. Conclusion Lovastatin and LFA 878 inhibit LMW HA inflammatory signaling independent of HMG-CoA decreasing the chemotactic cytokine MIP 1-α. Lovastatin treatment improves survival in bleomycin lung injury with decreased fibrocytes and fibrosis.
The position of the AUG start codon in MFG-based γ-retroviral vectors has a dramatic effect on translation-dependent protein expression

Background In the past three decades, much advancement has been made in γ-retroviral vector mediated gene transfer. One widely used vector design is based on the MFG vector, which uses the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) transcriptional unit with extended packaging signals and insertion of the native MoMLV envelope splice acceptor region immediate 5′ to the gene of interest inserted at an NcoI restriction site, which contains a translation start codon. Little is known about the impact of variations in start codon location within MFG-based vectors on protein expression. Methods To evaluate variation in start condo placement, a gene encoding a T-cell receptor (TCR) was cloned into an MFG-based vector and site-directed mutagenesis was used to move the gene away from the splice acceptor, as well as alter the frame with respect to the upstream start codon. Kozak consensus sequences were also added to the gene in an attempt to improve translation. Results Protein expression as measured by TCR surface expression and biological activity was substantially reduced when the gene was placed downstream and out-of-frame with the NcoI start codon. Expression was reestablished by mutation of the upstream start site, although at a reduced level. These findings were repeated with two other genes, a dominant negative TGFβRII and the reporter protein dEGFP. Conclusions These finding emphasize the scanning rule for translation initiation and stress the importance of cloning genes of interest into or near the native NcoI start site of MFG-based retroviral vectors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contributions of Professional Community to Exemplary Use of ICT

In these six case study sites, the commitment to teachers' individual learning about technology as a support to instruction was very strong and was complemented by technology leadership, support staff and professional development programming dedicated towards this end. This paper describes some conclusions about how the presence of this need to learn and the supportive conditions to do so was reciprocal, or mutually supportive, of the development of professional community around technology use. The professional community deepened and refined the shared vision related to the purposes of instructional technology, and the technology support. The supposition is that effective use of technology and professional community are mutually supportive in that increases in one create conditions for increases in the other.
Effect of acellular human dermis buttress on laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair

Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of acellular human dermis reinforcement during laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair.
Geographic variation in life-history traits of the ant lion, Myrmeleon immaculatus : Evolutionary implications of Bergmann's rule

In eastern North America, body size of the larval ant lion Myrmeleon immaculatus increases from south to north, following Bergmann's rule. We used a common-garden experiment and a reciprocal-transplant experiment to evaluate the effects of food and temperature on ant lion growth, body size, and survivorship. In the laboratory common-garden experiment, first-instar larvae from two southern (Georgia, South Carolina) and two northern (Connecticut, Rhode Island) populations were reared in incubators under high- and low-food and high- and low-temperature regimes. For all populations, high food increased final body mass and growth rate and decreased development time. Growth rates were higher at low temperatures, but temperature did not affect larval or adult body mass. Survivorship was highest in high-food and low-temperature treatments. Across all food and temperature treatments, northern populations exhibited a larger final body mass, shorter development time, faster growth rate, and greater survivorship than did southern populations. Results were similar for a field reciprocal-transplant experiment of third-instar larvae between populations in Connecticut and Oklahoma: Connecticut larvae grew faster than Oklahoma larvae, regardless of transplant site. Conversely, larvae transplanted to Oklahoma grew faster than larvae transplanted to Connecticut, regardless of population source. These results suggest that variation in food availability, not temperature, may account for differences in growth and body size of northern and southern ant lions. Although northern larvae grew faster and reached a larger body size in both experiments, northern environments should suppress growth because of reduced food availability and a limited growing season. This study provides the first example of countergradient selection causing Bergmann's rule in an ectotherm.
Effects of hearing words, imaging hearing words, and reading on auditory implicit and explicit memory tests.

In four experiments, we examined the degree to which imaging written words as spoken by a familiar talker differs from direct perception (hearing words spoken by that talker) and reading words (without imagery) on implicit and explicit tests. Subjects first performed a surface encoding task on spoken, imagined as spoken, or visually presented words, and then were given either an implicit test (perceptual identification or stem completion) or an explicit test (recognition or cued recall) involving auditorily presented words. Auditory presentation at study produced larger priming effects than did imaging or reading. Imaging and reading yielded priming effects of similar magnitude, whereas imaging produced lower performance than reading on the explicit test of cued recall. Voice changes between study and test weakened priming on the implicit tests, but did not affect performance on the explicit tests. Imagined voice changes affected priming only in the implicit task of stem completion. These findings show that the sensitivity of a memory test to perceptual information, either directly perceived or imagined, is an important dimension for dissociating incidental (implicit) and intentional (explicit) retrieval processes
International Heat Flow Committee

The International Heat Flow Committee was formed within the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics to promote geothermal research on an international scale. It is now under the chairmanship of Francis Birch of Harvard University. The purpose of this article is to describe its organization and the first meeting held on March 5 and 6, 1964.
Studies on whole blood and muscle creatine levels: Effect of systemic and local anoxia, of cardiac failure and compensation, and of alphatocopherol administration

Abstract 1. 1. Values for the creatine content of whole blood have been determined for: (a) normal individuals, (b) patients suffering from various illnesses, (c) those with cyanosis or anemia, and (d) cases of cardiac failure before and after compensation. 2. 2. The elevation of creatine values in heart failure bore a relation to the degree of decompensation. Decreasing values indicated improvement, while stationary, high, or increasing values indicated severe cardiac failure, often impending death. On this basis serial levels may be of prognostic value. 3. 3. Fatigue, an important early symptom of impending cardiac decompensation, may be due to a decrease of elements essential to muscle contraction, of which creatine is one. The values of biopsied muscle creatine showed a similar but opposite variation to those observed in blood, i.e., cardiac failure is accompanied by increase of creatine in the blood and decrease in the muscle. With return of compensation, this relationship is reversed. Vitamin E caused an increase of muscle creatine above that resulting from compensation only.
Optimal control of an HVAC system using cold storage and building thermal capacitance

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis on the optimal control protocol to minimize the daily operating cost of an air-conditioning system in a 33 600 m 2 office building. The system consists of two chillers, one designated for cold storage charging, the other for direct cooling, an air-handling unit, a cooling tower, and water pumps. This analysis determines the optimal protocol for indoor temperature and humidity control as well as operating point settings for the chiller control considering two thermal storage sources: (i) the thermal capacitance of the building, and (ii) a cold storage facility. The analysis is based on the thermodynamic modeling of the air-conditioning system including the thermal response of the building structure. A discussion of operating cost savings is presented for several outdoor conditions and electricity rates. Furthermore, the load shift potentials are discussed for each storage source. The results of this analysis indicate significant savings can be achieved by precooling the building during hours of low electricity rates. The resulting load shifting can be augmented by utilizing cold storage equipment. The results are discussed in detail for Seattle climatic conditions and electric rates. A regional comparison of the results for the four US locations, Seattle, WA; Phoenix, AZ; San Diego, CA; and the island of Hawaii, is given.
Creating contour gradients using 3D bevels

Contour gradients have color contours that follow the shape of the path being filled. Existing algorithms cannot create them in a resolution- and scale-independent way, causing visible rendering artifacts if enlarged. We describe a new method that approximates them with a set of paths filled by linear gradients. A 3D bevel of the path being filled gives both the shape of these paths and the information needed to compute gradient vectors for the linear gradients. Our representation is efficient, compact, and both resolution and scale independent.
Tropospheric effects on design of line-of-sight space-diversity system

The successful application of space diversity to achieve a high propagation reliability over line-of-sight microwave links requires proper separation between diversity antennas, whereby the signals received at the antennas are sufficiently decorrelated. The multipath-propagation model is examined, and en expression is derived for the envelope correlation coefficient which is a function of antenna spacing and is dependent on the parameters of the troposphere.
Consumer-Company Identification: A Framework for Understanding Consumers¿ Relationships with Companies

Abstract In this article, the authors try to determine why and under what conditions consumers enter into strong, committed, and meaningful relationships with certain companies, becoming champions of these companies and their products. Drawing on theories of social identity and organizational identification, the authors propose that strong consumer-company relationships often result from consumers’ identification with those companies, which helps them satisfy one or more important self-definitional needs. The authors elaborate on the nature of consumer-company identification, including the company identity, and articulate a consumer-level conceptual framework that offers propositions regarding the key determinants and consequences of such identification in the marketplace.
An examination of adsorbed oxygen molecules on Ag(110) by UPS

Abstract The nature of the chemisorbed state of molecular oxygen on Ag(110) was studied by ultraviolet photoemission. The results show that the molecular orbital structure of O 2 (gas) is strongly altered in contrast to O 2 adsorbed on aluminum. These results are consistent with previous studies utilizing vibrational spectroscopy.
Photoeffects on the Reduction of Carbon Tetrachloride by Zero-Valent Iron

While reduction of chlorinated hydrocarbons by zero-valent iron in water is strongly influenced by the oxide layer at the metal−water interface, the role of the oxide in the dechlorination mechanism has not been fully characterized. In this paper, we investigate the semiconducting properties of the oxide layer on granular iron and show how the electronic properties of the oxide affect electron transfer to aqueous CCl4. Specifically, we determine whether conduction-band electrons contribute to the reduction of CCl4 by using light to increase the number of conduction-band electrons at the oxide surface and measuring how this treatment affects the rate and products of CCl4 degradation. We find that photogenerated conduction-band electrons do degrade CCl4 and, more importantly, shift the product distribution to more completely dechlorinated products that are indicative of two-electron transfer with a dichlorocarbene intermediate. Since the photogenerated electrons give different reduction products than the da...
On the role of word frequency in the detection of component letters.

The experiments reported in this study were conducted to explore the issue of race models versus holistic models of word processing. In both types of model, it is assumed that an available wordlevel encoding for a display will conceal letter information, and thereby inhibit component-letter detection. However, whereas in holistic models it is assumed that encoding always should occur at the word or pattern level first, in the race models it is assumed that encoding occurs at all levels (e.g., feature, letter, and word) simultaneously, with the final level of encoding being at whatever level has been completed first. If the rate of word-level encoding is facilitated by increasing word frequency, the holistic models predict a generally declining latency for letter detection, because the initial step in letter detection (i.e., word-level encoding) will be occurring more rapidly. The race models, on the other hand, predict that with increasing word frequency there will be an increasing chance that the word-level encoding will win the encoding race, resulting in an increase in the latency for letter detection (i.e., the word code will conceal the letter codes). Two experiments are reported, and the obtained pattern of latency data appears to be most consistent with the race models.
Four-day repeated inhalation and recovery study of methyl isocyanate in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Abstract F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to 0, 1, and 3 ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC) for 4 consecutive days (6 hr/day) followed by a recovery period of 91 days. Five mice and rats/sex/group except the 3 ppm group (5 rats/sex on Day 7 and 2 males on Day 28) were killed on Days 7, 28, 49, and 91 after the exposure and examined histopathologically. Forty-nine of 56 male rats, 51 of 56 female rats, and 1 of 56 male mice in the 3 ppm group died by 28 days; early death animals were also examined histologically. Exposure-related changes occurred in rats and mice of both sexes in the 3 ppm group only. Lesions of the nasal cavity in rats and mice were characterized by regeneration of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia secondary to epithelial erosion. By Day 28 the olfactory and respiratory epithelia in mice appeared normal, while in rats incomplete regeneration of the olfactory epithelium was still present. Regeneration of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea of rats occurred in the 3 ppm group and the epithelium appeared to retum to normal by Day 28. Lung lesions in rats consisted of mural and/or intraluminal fibrosis secondary to extensive erosion of the respiratory epithelium in the major bronchi to the terminal bronchioles. Acute inflammation of the small airways, occasional hyaline membranes of alveolar walls, and pulmonary atelectasis were also seen. Alveolar fibrosis was observed in rats found dead from Day 14 on and in male rats killed on Day 28. Atrophy of the thymus and spleen, atrial thrombosis of the heart, and hepatocellular necrosis were frequently seen in rats dying following MIC exposure. The lung lesions in mice were qualitatively similar to those in rats, but were restricted to the major bronchi. Minimal intraluminal or mural fibrosis was still present in mice on Day 91. In a separate study, a single 6-hr exposure of five male rats to 3 ppm MIC was followed by a recovery period of 7 days. The lesions of the respiratory system were essentially the same as those in the 3 ppm group killed on Day 7 after the 4-day repeated exposure of MIC, but the alveolar lesions were more severe.
The Acquisition of General Purpose Strategic Knowledge for Argumentation

We describe the implementation and testing of a program designed to develop critical-reading and writing skills in psychology students through the acquisition of a general knowledge structure for a...
First order programming logic

First Order Programming Logic is a simple, yet powerful formal system for reasoning about recursive programs. In its simplest form, it has one major limitation: it cannot establish any property of the least fixed point of a recursive program which is false for some other fixed point. To rectify this weakness, we present two intuitively distinct approaches to strengthening First Order Programming Logic and prove that either extension makes the logic relatively complete. In the process, we prove that the two approaches are formally equivalent. The relative completeness of the extended logic is significant because it suggests it can establish all "ordinary" properties (obviously we cannot escape the Godelian incompleteness inherent in any programming logic) of recursive programs including those which compute partial functions.The second contribution of this paper is to establish that First Order Programming Logic is applicable to iterative programs as well. In particular, we show that the intermittent assertions method--an informal proof method for iterative programs which has not been formalized--is conveniently formalized simply as sugared First Order Programming Logic applied to the recursive translations of iterative programs.
Analysis of lipids in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract 1. The lipids of Drosophila melanogaster have been analyzed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The total lipid content was determined from dehydrated young adults and the proportion of each class was determined. 2. The double bond positions of unsaturated fatty acids were resolved, the fatty acid composition of each lipid class was analyzed, and the effect of developmental temperature on fatty acid composition was determined. A fatty acid analysis was carried out on fifty inbred lines. 3. Diet has a strong influence on total lipid content, the relative proportion of lipid classes and upon the fatty acid distribution within a class.
PAR-CLIP analysis uncovers AUF1 impact on target RNA fate and genome integrity

Post-transcriptional gene regulation is robustly regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here we describe the collection of RNAs regulated by AUF1 (AU-binding factor 1), an RBP linked to cancer, inflammation and aging. Photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) analysis reveals that AUF1 primarily recognizes U-/GU-rich sequences in mRNAs and noncoding RNAs and influences target transcript fate in three main directions. First, AUF1 lowers the steady-state levels of numerous target RNAs, including long noncoding RNA NEAT1, in turn affecting the organization of nuclear paraspeckles. Second, AUF1 does not change the abundance of many target RNAs, but ribosome profiling reveals that AUF1 promotes the translation of numerous mRNAs in this group. Third, AUF1 unexpectedly enhances the steady-state levels of several target mRNAs encoding DNA-maintenance proteins. Through its actions on target RNAs, AUF1 preserves genomic integrity, in agreement with the AUF1-elicited prevention of premature cellular senescence.
Formation of composites in equilibrium plasmas

A generalized, multielectron version of the Planck-Larkin convergent hydrogenic partition function is presented. It is shown that compensation between bound and scattering states leads naturally to convergent expressions for multielectron bound-state partition functions. The nature of the compensation is studied by comparing a high-temperature expansion of the bound-state sum with a perturbation expansion in the coupling parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}{e}^{2}$ of the complete trace. The analytic form of high-order quantum perturbation terms is determined from a parametrized pseudopotential method. Rigorous evaluation of low-order quantum perturbation expressions is used to determine parameter values.
Sex Role Development in Early Adolescence.

(1983). Sex role development in early adolescence. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 22, Early Adolescence: A New Look, pp. 105-111.
Two classes of performance bounds for closed queueing networks

Abstract Two classes of performance bounds for separable queueing networks are presented, one for single-chain networks and one for multichain networks. Unlike most bounds for single-chain networks, our bounds are not based upon the consideration of balanced networks. Instead, they are obtained by assuming mean queue lengths to be proportional to server loads; hence, they are called proportional bounds . Proportional bounds are tighter than balanced bounds because individual server loads are retained as parameters in a bound's formula. For the same reason, they require more computational effort than balanced bounds. We also show how proportional bounds are related to balanced bounds. Next we present generalized bounds that are calculated iteratively over sequences of population sizes; our method extends that of Eager and Sevcik (1983). These generalized bounds are shown to have a nested property. Furthermore, we present optimal population sequences, over all sequences of the same length, for getting the tightest upper and lower bounds. The other emphasis of this paper is on performance bounds for networks with many closed chains and many service centers. Bounding techniques are especially important for multichain networks since the computation time and space requirements are often so large that an exact solution is not feasible. Models of communication networks typically have many routing chains which are characterized by a sparseness property. In the computation of our performance bounds for multichain networks, we improve their accuracy by making use of routing information and exploiting the sparseness property.
Assessment of turbulent dispersion models for bubbly flows in the low Stokes number limit

Two-fluid turbulent dispersion models have been compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a decaying turbulence bubbly flow in the low Stokes number limit, St≈10−3. Because of the absence of empiricism, DNS results represent an excellent means of assessing turbulent dispersion models. Sufficiently far away from the inlet of the channel, where the turbulence was fully developed, these turbulent dispersion models were able to predict the DNS results when a Schmidt number, Scb=0.83, was used. This result highlights the fact that even bubbles of diameter, Db=42 μm, considerably smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, η=75 μm, do not behave as passive scalars for which Scb=1. In addition, these models were also assessed against a bubbly mixing layer flow having a low Stokes number, St<10−2. Most of the models successfully predicted these mixing layer data. Moreover, for Stokes numbers much smaller than unity several of the models were virtually identical. No adjustable coefficients were used in the mixing layer data comparisons.
Benthic microalgal biomass in sediments of Onslow Bay, North Carolina

Abstract Sediment samples were collected at stations along cross-shelf transects in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, during two cruises in 1984 and 1985. Station depths ranged from 11 to 285 m. Sediment chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0·06 to 1·87 μg g −1 sediment (mean, 0·55), or 2·6–62·0 mg m 2 . Areal sediment chlorophyll a exceeded water column chlorophyll a a at 16 of 17 stations, especially at inshore and mid-shelf stations. Sediment ATP concentrations ranged from 0 to 0·67 μg g −1 sediment (mean, 0·28). Values for both biomass indicators were lowest in the depth range including the shelf break (50–99 m). Organic carbon contents of the sediments were uniformly low across the shelf, averaging 0·159% by weight. Photography of the sediments revealed extensive patches of microalgae on the sediment surface. Our data suggest that viable benthic microalgae occur across the North Carolina continental shelf. The distribution of benthic macroflora on the North Carolina shelf indicates that sufficient light and nutrients are available to support primary production out to the shelf break. Frequent storm-induced perturbations do not favour settling of phytoplankton, an alternative explanation for the presence of microalgal pigments in the sediments. Therefore, we propose that a distinct, productive benthic microflora exists across the North Carolina continental shelf.
Electronic band structure, electron-phonon interaction, and superconductivity of (5,5), (10,10), and (5,0) carbon nanotubes

The electronic band structure, electron-phonon interaction, and superconducting transition are investigated for the (5,5), (10,10) armchair and (5,0) zigzag single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). While the electron-phonon interaction and superconducting transition temperature are very small in (5,5) and negligibly small in (10,10) armchair tubes, they are considerable in the (5,0) zigzag tube. The (5,0) tube, which is a semiconductor with $\ensuremath{\pi}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{bands}$ alone contributing to the band structure, exhibits metallic character with $\ensuremath{\pi}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\sigma}$ bands hybridization. As a result the van Hove like singularity in the density of states moves towards the top of the valance band enhancing the effective density of states near the Fermi energy. Consequently the electron-phonon interaction increases and the (5,0) tube turns out to be a superconductor with appreciable transition temperature and found to be the most probable member of the family of $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ diameter carbon nanotubes for which the superconducting transition temperature is experimentally measured.
Simultaneous production of high specific activity 64Cu and 61Co with 11.4 MeV protons on enriched 64Ni nuclei

The (64)Cu and (61)Co radionuclides were produced simultaneously by irradiation of enriched (64)Ni on a low energy proton-only cyclotron. Nickel targets were prepared by electrodeposition of enriched (64)Ni (>95%) on Au backing at thicknesses of 25-225 mg/cm(2) with efficiencies >99%. Irradiations up to 30 microA for 8h were performed with 11.4 MeV protons using a water-cooled target mounting. Radiochemical separation of (64)Cu and (61)Co from (64)Ni was performed by chromatography of the chlorocomplexes in a single step using an anion exchange resin column with a yield >95%. Using this method, the Ni target material was recovered and re-plated for subsequent production runs with an overall efficiency >96%. The excitation function for the (64)Ni(p,n)(64)Cu reaction was measured and compared with published values. Experimental thick target saturation yields of 159 mCi/microA for (64)Cu and 715 microCi/microA for (61)Co were achieved. Typical specific activities of (64)Cu were found to be 18.8+/-3.3 Ci/micromol.
NOTE: Monotone Iterative Technique for a Nonlinear Integral Equation☆

Abstract A result for the existence of a positive solution to a nonlinear integral equation is proved using the monotone iterative technique and an application in the mathematical theory of water percolation phenomena is given.
Demonstration of high-bandwidth density and low-power organic optical MCM link

The high-speed performance of polymer waveguide-based optical multi-chip module (MCM) link is demonstrated. Two optical MCMs serving as TX and RX respectively are connected by a graded-index multi-mode fiber. We integrated commercially-available 850-nm bare VCSEL and PD chips on our custom-made MCM. The link performance operates at a bitrate up to 14 Gb/s and an open eye is obtained at 20 Gb/s.