cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gas exchange abnormalities after pneumonectomy in conditioned foxhounds

Loss of a major portion of lung tissue has been associated with impaired exercise capacity, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. We studied the alterations in gas exchange during exercise before and after left pneumonectomy in three conditioned foxhounds. After pneumonectomy, minute ventilation and O2 consumption at comparable submaximal work loads were unchanged but arterial PCO2 at any work load was higher, implying that ventilatory response to CO2 was impaired. Arterial hypoxemia and an elevated alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference (AaDO2) developed during heavy exercise. Using the multiple inert gas elimination technique, we determined the distributions of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios postpneumonectomy. Significant increase in VA/Q inequality developed during exercise while the foxhounds were breathing room air, accounting for an average of 42% of the total increase in AaDO2 while diffusion limitation accounted for 58%. While the animals were breathing hypoxic gas mixture, diffusion limitation accounted for an average of 88% of the total increase AaDO2. Cardiac output and O2 delivery were reduced at a given O2 consumption after pneumonectomy. After pneumonectomy, the animals reached O2 consumptions close to the maximum expected for normal dogs. Compensation for the impairment in O2 delivery post-pneumonectomy occurred mainly by an increase in hemoglobin concentration. Training probably played an important role in returning exercise capacity toward prepneumonectomy levels. We conclude that significant abnormalities in gas exchange develop during exercise after loss of 42% of lung tissue, but the animals demonstrate a remarkable ability to compensate for these changes.
Postnikov Towers and Rational Homotopy Theory

This chapter begins with the inductive construction (indexed by n) of the nth-stage of the Postnikov tower of a simply connected space. Next, the notion of localizing an abelian group at 0 is introduced, and the definition of a Q-space is given and then the existence and uniqueness of the localization of a space at 0 is established by localizing the Postnikov tower.
Paternal Age and Its Effects on Reproduction in C57BL/6NNia Mice

The reproductive capabilities of 6- and 24-month-old C57BL/6NNia male mice were compared after being paired for one month with a 4-month-old proven-fertile female. All of the younger males mated, with 96% yielding a litter; only 42% of aged males mated, with 65% siring young. There were no statistical differences in the litter sizes, nor any congenital defects noted in offspring from either age group. There was no evidence of aneuploidy in 10-day-old embryos sired from males of either age group. Aged males that failed to mate had lower body weight, a lower hematocrit, hypertrophied adrenal glands and seminal vesicles, decreased fructose levels in seminal vesicle fluid, atrophied testes with fewer sperm that were less motile, lower testosterone levels, and a greater percentage of degenerating epithelium lining seminiferous tubules. The latter group of aged mice, while appearing and acting as vigorous as aged mice that had mated, may have been experiencing disease processes associated with aging which subsequently impaired reproduction.
Church-State Relations and Civil Liberties: A Collegiate Interpretation

liberties on the other. What is being hypothesized, therefore, in its broadest sense is that young people of college age who have a strong commitment to civil liberties may well experience a clas sical "cross-pressure" should they have a strong commitment to religious education as well. It is further assumed that the methods in which such differences are reconciled are of great interest to students of political behavior and the dynamics of political socialization. The need of the individual for developing a viable belief system through which the myriad environmental cues are filtered and interpreted, thus allowing for the individual to come to grips with reality, and specifically political reality, has been discussed and examined.1 Furthermore, the role of perception in the process of attitude formation and the behavioral ramifications of per ceived political realities have also received studious attention.2 Yet, while political scientists are somewhat familiar with the process of attitude formation and both its dynamics and impli cations for political behavior, they are only vaguely equipped to deal with the resolution of conflicts within the political belief
Data and Statistics

Publisher Summary This chapter defines the components of a dataset, presents tools that are used to describe a dataset, and briefly discusses methods of data collection. A set of data is defined as a collection of observed values representing one or more characteristics of some objects or units. Data are obtained from two broad categories of sources: (1) primary data are collected as part of the study and (2) secondary data are obtained from published sources such as journals, governmental publications, news media, or almanacs. The observations can be classified according to a standard measurement scale that goes from strong to weak depending on the amount or precision of information available in the scale. The nature of the data description and statistical inference is dependent on the type of variable being studied. The ratio scale of measurement uses the concept of a unit of distance or measurement and requires a unique deﬁnition of a zero value, whereas the interval scale of measurement also uses the concept of distance or measurement and requires a “zero” point, but the deﬁnition of zero may be arbitrary. There are also the ordinal scale and the nominal scale that distinguishes among measurements on the basis of the relative amounts of some characteristic they possess and identiﬁes observed values by name or classiﬁcation, respectively.
Forecasting United States heartworm Dirofilaria immitis prevalence in dogs.

This paper forecasts next year’s canine heartworm prevalence in the United States from 16 climate, geographic and societal factors. The forecast’s construction and an assessment of its performance are described. The forecast is based on a spatial-temporal conditional autoregressive model fitted to over 31 million antigen heartworm tests conducted in the 48 contiguous United States during 2011–2015. The forecast uses county-level data on 16 predictive factors, including temperature, precipitation, median household income, local forest and surface water coverage, and presence/absence of eight mosquito species. Non-static factors are extrapolated into the forthcoming year with various statistical methods. The fitted model and factor extrapolations are used to estimate next year’s regional prevalence. The correlation between the observed and model-estimated county-by-county heartworm prevalence for the 5-year period 2011–2015 is 0.727, demonstrating reasonable model accuracy. The correlation between 2015 observed and forecasted county-by-county heartworm prevalence is 0.940, demonstrating significant skill and showing that heartworm prevalence can be forecasted reasonably accurately. The forecast presented herein can a priori alert veterinarians to areas expected to see higher than normal heartworm activity. The proposed methods may prove useful for forecasting other diseases.
A New Treatment For Veterans In Need: Legal Assistance

To confront nonmedical barriers to care, some Department of Veterans Affairs clinics are embedding lawyers in their health care teams.
Treatment motivation among caregivers and adolescents with substance use disorders

Substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescence have negative long-term health effects, which can be mitigated through successful treatment. Caregivers play a central role in adolescent treatment involvement; however, studies have not examined treatment motivation and pressures to enter treatment in caregiver/adolescent dyads. Research suggests that internally motivated treatment (in contrast to coerced treatment) tends to lead to better outcomes. We used Self-determination theory (SDT) to examine intersecting motivational narratives among caregivers and adolescents in SUD treatment. Relationships between motivation, interpretation of caregiver pressures, adolescent autonomy, and relatedness were also explored. Adolescents in SUD treatment and their caregivers (NDyads=15) were interviewed about treatment experiences. Interviews were coded for treatment motivation, including extrinsic (e.g., motivated by punishment), introjected (e.g., motivated by guilt), and identified/integrated motivation (e.g., seeing a behavior as integral to the self). Internalization of treatment motivation, autonomy support/competence (e.g., caregiver support for adolescent decisions), and relatedness (e.g., acceptance and support) were also coded. Four dyadic categories were identified: agreement that treatment was motivated by the adolescent (intrinsic); agreement that treatment was motivated by the caregiver (extrinsic); agreement that treatment was motivated by both, or a shift towards adolescent control (mixed/transitional); and disagreement (adolescents and caregivers each claimed they motivated treatment; conflicting). Autonomy support and relatedness were most prominent in intrinsic dyads, and least prominent in extrinsic dyads. The mixed/transitional group was also high in autonomy support and relatedness. The extrinsic group characterized caregiver rules as an unwelcome mechanism for behavioral control; caregivers in the other groups saw rules as a way to build adolescent competence and repair relationships, and adolescents saw rules as indicating care rather than control. Adolescents with intrinsic motivations were the most engaged in treatment. Results suggest the importance of intrinsically motivated treatment, and highlight autonomy support and relatedness as mechanisms that might facilitate treatment engagement.
Salvage Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme With Prior Radiation Therapy

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a poor prognosis with high recurrence rates. Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may be an effective treatment option. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients (41 lesions) treated with salvage SRS for recurrent GBM between 2004 and 2012. Initial surgical treatments were gross total resection (58%), subtotal resection (STR) (24%), and biopsy (18%). All patients were treated with prior radiation therapy. Recurrent disease was treated with salvage SRS with a median dose and fractions of 23.4 Gy (range, 12–30) and 3 (range, 1–3), respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to establish predictive factors (P ≤ 0.05) Results: Median follow-up from salvage SRS was 10.8 months (interquartile range [IQR], 7.0–15.6). The median time from initial radiation therapy to salvage SRS was 13.7 months (IQR, 2.9–25.0). The 6- and 12-month overall survival from salvage SRS were 84.9% and 42.5%, respectively. On univariate analysis, STR was associated with inferior survival from salvage SRS (P ≤ 0.05). The 6- and 12-month local control (LC) estimates were 63.1% and 16.4%, respectively. On univariate analysis, higher biological effective dose and prior temozolomide were associated with superior LC. Concerning toxicity, there were 4 (12%) grade 2 and 1 (3%) grade 3 adverse events within this patient series. No grade 4 or grade 5 toxicities were observed. Conclusion: Our outcomes suggest that SRS is a feasible treatment option with acceptable salvage survival rates, given the poor prognosis of this disease.
Technology change or resistance to changing logics: The demise of Digital Equipment Corporation

Why market-leading incumbent firms falter and even fail during periods of technological change is a question of great interest to many scholars in a variety of disciplines including organizational behavior, management, technology management, and strategy. While there have been significant contributions towards this question made in the literature, much of the focus has been on the technology itself as a force that can put incumbent firms at risk. This case study explores the rise and fall of a single firm, Digital Equipment Corporation, to explore deeply the relationship between organizational failure and technology change. Digital invented the minicomputer in the early 1960s and quickly became a market leader. It created a strong reputation for innovation and engineering excellence. When new technology of the personal computer emerged in the early 1980s, Digital Equipment Corporation never could find success in this market and eventually was acquired by Compaq Computer, Inc. in 1998. The history of Digit...
Combining ultrasound ablation with immunotherapy: Opportunities and challenges

Thermal ablation provides local control of cancer; however, pairing ablation with immunotherapy is attractive as there is emerging evidence that focal therapy enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. The goals of local treatment are to rapidly debulk the tumor and release tumor antigen to stimulate immune recognition. We seek to evaluate combination protocols and their tumor suppressive effects.
SILS Right Hemicolectomy

1. Insert SILS port at the umbilicus (supine) 2. Expose the mesentery of right and transverse colon (bare area) (right side elevated, slight Trendelenburg) Position omentum over transverse colon Deliver SB to the left of the midline Expose Duodenum 3. Identify, isolate the ileocolic pedicle, and divide it (right side elevated, slight Trendelenburg) 4. Open a peritoneal window above and below the pedicle (right side elevated, reverse Trendelenburg) 5. Develop the retroperitoneal plane (right side elevated, slight Trendelenburg) 6. Expose and divide R branch of middle colic (Right side elevated, steep Trendelenburg) 7. Retroperitoneal takedown of the hepatic flexure (right side elevated, steep Trendelenburg) 8. Enter the lesser sac (right side elevated, steep Trendelenburg) 9. Release the ileocolic attachments (inferior to superior), enter previous retroperitoneal dissection plane (right side elevated, steep Trendelenburg) 10. Takedown the right lateral sidewall (right side elevated, moderate Trendelenburg) 11. Divide the terminal ileum and exteriorize the right colon (supine) 12. Extracorporeal division of the colon and ileocolic anastomosis (supine) 13. Return the colon to abdomen, reinsufflation, and final examination (supine) 14. Close ports/incisions (supine)
Deformation with hierarchical B-splines

Deformation has received wide attention in the field of computer graphics, computer vision, and image processing. This paper describes a new method, which is based on the concept of hierarchical B-splines. Compared with existing methods, our approach is adaptive in that it puts more effort in complex regions, which need more attention. It also provides an elegent tool for curve or surface matching together with the iterative closest point method.
Abstract A140: MERTK mediates intrinsic and adaptive resistance to AXL-targeting agents

The TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been discovered to play a predominant role in promoting the growth, survival, and metastatic spread of several tumor types. AXL and MERTK are two TAM family RTKs that are overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignancies that are highly metastatic and lethal. The AXL receptor is the most well-characterized TAM receptor and has been found to mediate resistance to both conventional and targeted cancer therapies. Since AXL is overexpressed in aggressive tumor types, cancer patients are currently being enrolled in clinical trials testing AXL inhibitors. In the current study, we analyzed the efficacy of AXL inhibitors—both small molecule and monoclonal antibody therapy—in HNSCC, TNBC, and NSCLC preclinical models. We observed limited efficacy of anti-AXL targeting strategies across these different models, which was attributed to the upregulation of MERTK. MERTK was robustly overexpressed in cell lines and patient-derived xenografts treated with AXL inhibitors. Inhibition of MERTK sensitized HNSCC, TNBC, and NSCLC preclinical models to AXL inhibitors, leading to a more potent blockade of downstream signaling, decreased expansion of tumor cells in culture, and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of MERTK in AXL inhibitor-sensitive models resulted in resistance to AXL-targeting strategies. These results suggest that cotargeting both AXL and MERTK may be highly beneficial in a variety of tumor types where both receptors are expressed and may therefore prolong antitumor effects and improve the survival of patients with lethal malignancies. Citation Format: Nellie K. McDaniel, Christopher T. Cummings, Toni M. Brand, Mari Iida, Justus Hulse, Hannah E. Pearson, Rachel A. Orbuch, Olivia J. Ondracek, Kurtis D. Davies, Parkash Gill, Xiaodong Wang, Stephen V. Frye, H. Shelton Earp, Randall J. Kimple, Paul M. Harari, Deborah DeRyckere, Douglas K. Graham, Deric L. Wheeler. MERTK mediates intrinsic and adaptive resistance to AXL-targeting agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A140.
Regional manual therapy and motor control exercise for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

Clinical practice guidelines recommend a focus on regional interdependence for the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study investigated the additive effect of regional manual therapy...
Anticoagulation use and clinical outcomes after catheter ablation in patients with persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION Whether successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) reduces risk of cerebrovascular events (CVEs) remains controversial and whether oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) can be safely discontinued in patients rendered free of AF recurrences remains unknown. We evaluated OAT use patterns and examined long-term rates of CVEs (stroke/TIA) and major bleeding episodes (MBEs) in patients with nonparoxysmal AF treated with catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS Four hundred patients with nonparoxysmal AF (200 persistent, 200 longstanding persistent; mean age 60.3 ± 9.7 years, 82% male) undergoing first AF ablation were followed for 3.6 ± 2.4 years. OAT discontinuation during follow-up was permitted in selected patients per physician discretion. At last follow-up, allowing for multiple ablations, 172 (43.0%) patients were free of AF recurrence. Two hundred and seven (51.8%) discontinued OAT at some point; 174 (43.5%) were off OAT at last follow-up. Patients without AF recurrence were more likely to remain off OAT (HR 0.23 [95% CI 0.17-0.33]). Patients with persistent (versus longstanding persistent) AF type prior to ablation (HR 0.6 [CI 0.44-0.83]) and those with CHA2 DS2 -VASc score <2 (HR 0.56 [0.39-0.80]) were less likely to continue OAT. Seven patients had CVEs (incidence: 0.49/100 patient years) and 14 experienced MBE during follow-up (incidence: 0.98/100 patient years). Older age (P = 0.001) and coronary artery disease (P = 0.028) were associated with CVE. CONCLUSION Anticoagulation discontinuation in well selected, closely monitored patients following successful ablation of nonparoxysmal AF was associated with a low rate of clinical embolic CVEs. Prospective studies are required to confirm safety of OAT discontinuation after successful AF ablation.
Maternal psychosocial stress and children's ADHD diagnosis: a prospective birth cohort study.

Objective: Examine the association of mothers’ psychosocial stressors before and during pregnancy with their children’s diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: This st...
Facts and Frameworks: An Approach to Studying the Users of Archives

The continuing reluctance of the archival profession to develop a better understanding of users seems less a problem of will than a problem of method. The framework presented here is a first attempt to structure a comprehensive program of user studies. Built on definitions of users, information needs, and use, the framework combines the basic elements of information that should be recorded, analyzed, and shared among archivists with a scheme to gather this information. The author illustrates how parts of the framework can be implemented as an ongoing program through the use of a reference log and suggests applications of the framework at the personal, repository, and professional levels.
Correction to: Virtual memory cells make a major contribution to the response of aged influenza-naïve mice to influenza virus infection.

In the original publication of this article [1] there is an error in Fig. 3a as the labels “TM” and “VM” are in the wrong order for the last plot. The CD49d high cells should be “TM” and the CD49d low cells should be “VM”.
A data science approach for the classification of low-grade and high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas

Copy Number Alternations (CNAs) is defined as somatic gain or loss of DNA regions. The profiles of CNAs may provide a fingerprint specific to a tumor type or tumor grade. Low-coverage sequencing for reporting CNAs has recently gained interest since successfully translated into clinical applications. Ovarian serous carcinomas can be classified into two largely mutually exclusive grades, low grade and high grade, based on their histologic features. The grade classification based on the genomics may provide valuable clue on how to best manage these patients in clinic. Based on the study of ovarian serous carcinomas, we explore the methodology of combining CNAs reporting from low-coverage sequencing with machine learning techniques to stratify tumor biospecimens of different grades. We have developed a data-driven methodology for tumor classification using the profiles of CNAs reported by low-coverage sequencing. The proposed method called Bag-of-Segments is used to summarize fixed-length CNA features predictive of tumor grades. These features are further processed by machine learning techniques to obtain classification models. High accuracy is obtained for classifying ovarian serous carcinoma into high and low grades based on leave-one-out cross-validation experiments. The models that are weakly influenced by the sequence coverage and the purity of the sample can also be built, which would be of higher relevance for clinical applications. The patterns captured by Bag-of-Segments features correlate with current clinical knowledge: low grade ovarian tumors being related to aneuploidy events associated to mitotic errors while high grade ovarian tumors are induced by DNA repair gene malfunction. The proposed data-driven method obtains high accuracy with various parametrizations for the ovarian serous carcinoma study, indicating that it has good generalization potential towards other CNA classification problems. This method could be applied to the more difficult task of classifying ovarian serous carcinomas with ambiguous histology or in those with low grade tumor co-existing with high grade tumor. The closer genomic relationship of these tumor samples to low or high grade may provide important clinical value.
Development of a CYP1B1*3 genotyping assay and mechanism of action studies related to docetaxel treatment in CRPC.

e16036 Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in men over age 75, with most cases progressing to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Docetaxel remains the sta...
Incidence of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis in referrals to two academic centers.

Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) specialists routinely evaluate misdiagnosed patients, or patients incorrectly assigned a diagnosis of MS. Misdiagnosis has significant implications for patient morbidity and healthcare costs, yet its contemporary incidence is unknown. We examined the incidence of MS misdiagnosis in new patients referred to two academic MS referral centers, their most common alternate diagnoses, and factors associated with misdiagnosis. Methods Demographic data, comorbidities, neurological examination findings, radiographic and laboratory results, a determination of 2010 McDonald Criteria fulfillment, and final diagnoses were collected from all new patient evaluations completed at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the University of California, Los Angeles MS clinics over twelve months. Results Of the 241 new patients referred with an established diagnosis of MS, 17% at Cedars-Sinai and 19% at UCLA were identified as having been misdiagnosed. The most common alternative diagnoses were migraine (16%), radiologically isolated syndrome (9%), spondylopathy (7%), and neuropathy (7%). Clinical syndromes and radiographic findings atypical for MS were both associated with misdiagnosis. The misdiagnosed group received approximately 110 patient-years of unnecessary MS disease modifying therapy. Conclusion MS misdiagnosis is common; in our combined cohort, almost 1 in 5 patients who carried an established diagnosis of MS did not fulfill contemporary McDonald Criteria and had a more likely alternate diagnosis.
Increasing Organ Donor Designation Rates in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of video messaging on adolescent organ donor designation rates.Methods. We randomized adolescent driver education classes in Massachusetts, between July 20...
21. ESTABLISHING THE RESIDENT ACADEMIC PROJECT TO INCREASE SCHOLASTIC ACTIVITY AMONG PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS

Introduction Participation in scholarly activity is a critical element of clinicians’ training. Required research projects are becoming increasingly more common among medical schools and residency programs. The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) pediatric residency program aims to increase research participation among its residents by launching and evaluating a new Resident Academic Project (RAP Project). Methods The RAP Project will be initiated starting with the UCSD pediatric residency class of 2021. The RAP Project is introduced during the fall of their first year. In the spring of their first year, residents will attend an afternoon-long research session that will connect them to potential mentors within each available research area (basic science, clinical, quality improvement (QI), education, and advocacy/global health research). Residents will select a project chair and two committee members and, with the help of their chosen mentor, develop a research proposal. Proposals will be approved by each trainee's research committee as well as the RAP oversight board by the beginning of their second year of residency. Residents will complete their project within the two months prior to graduation, submitting a yearly update at the end of their second year. Residents will present their work at an annual research day at the end of residency. Conclusions A pediatric and adult neurology residency program found that requiring residents to participate in mentored projects aimed at producing peer-reviewed publications or conference presentations increased research productivity among residents as well as expanded its pool of research mentors. 1 We will use baseline data from previous residency classes to determine if the Resident Academic Project increases scholastic activity (peer-reviewed publications, conference participation, ongoing projects) among UCSD pediatric residents and if it increases residents’ satisfaction with their research opportunities during training. We will also create a database of research opportunities, funding sources, and mentors to continue to make the scholastic experience among pediatric residents more robust.
Robust Non-negative Tensor Factorization, Diffeomorphic Motion Correction, and Functional Statistics to Understand Fixation in Fluorescence Microscopy.

Fixation is essential for preserving cellular morphology in biomedical research. However, it may also affect spectra captured in multispectral fluorescence microscopy, impacting molecular interpretations. To investigate fixation effects on tissue, multispectral fluorescence microscopy images of pairs of samples with and without fixation are captured. Each pixel might exhibit overlapping spectra, creating a blind source separation problem approachable with linear unmixing. With multiple excitation wavelengths, unmixing is intuitively extended to tensor factorizations. Yet these approaches are limited by nonlinear effects like attenuation. Further, light exposure during image acquisition introduces subtle Brownian motion between image channels of non-fixed tissue. Finally, hypothesis testing for spectral differences due to fixation is non-trivial as retrieved spectra are paired sequential samples. To these ends, we present three contributions, (1) a novel robust non-negative tensor factorization using the \(\beta \)-divergence and \(L_{2,1}\)-norm, which decomposes the data into a low-rank multilinear and group-sparse non-multilinear tensor without making any explicit nonlinear modeling choices or assumptions on noise statistics; (2) a diffeomorphic atlas-based strategy for motion correction; (3) a non-parametric hypothesis testing framework for paired sequential data using functional principal component analysis. PyTorch code for robust non-negative tensor factorization is available at https://github.com/neel-dey/robustNTF.
What Lies Ahead? (The Future of Our Technological Society)

As we discussed in the previous chapter, the distant future of our technological society will depend on the decisions that are taken now and in the near future, regarding what research projects to fund or not to fund, and how to use the new discoveries that are made and the new technologies that are developed. In this chapter, we will explore some visions of the future, as presented in science fiction. We will also consider how cultural and historical context can influence the way in which a classic science fiction story is told, and how our understanding of technology can influence how we think about culture. But we begin with a brief survey of some sci-fi predictions which have already come to pass, and a few more which may be coming very soon.
Adaptive-Passive Virtual Inertia Control Based on Energy Balance Between a Synchronous Generator and a Three-Phase Inverter

The integration of renewable energy sources as grid-following units and taking part in having a major share in generation with no rotational inertia can lead to frequency instabilities. The concept of virtual inertia algorithm to maintain the stability of the power system by emulating a synchronous generator in the control structure has attracted attentions. However, a technique to quantify the virtual moment of inertia based on the stability requirements of the power system is still not available. Whereas, the passive maps in the interaction of a three-phase inverter with a synchronous generator in an isolated microgrid invokes the law of conservation of energy to solve the modeling problem. In this paper, a scheme of energy balance equation between a synchronous machine and a three phase inverter has been selected to give a quantifiable method to adaptively measure the virtual moment of inertial as a control parameter. The validation of the proposed method has been verified through the implementation of the control structure in a Hardware-in-the-Loop testbench in different scenarios.
The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies

Measurements of H-alpha, HI, and CO distributions in 61 normal spiral galaxies are combined with published far-infrared and CO observations of 36 infrared-selected starburst galaxies, in order to study the form of the global star formation law, over the full range of gas densities and star formation rates (SFRs) observed in galaxies. The disk-averaged SFRs and gas densities for the combined sample are well represented by a Schmidt law with index N = 1.4+-0.15. The Schmidt law provides a surprisingly tight parametrization of the global star formation law, extending over several orders of magnitude in SFR and gas density. An alternative formulation of the star formation law, in which the SFR is presumed to scale with the ratio of the gas density to the average orbital timescale, also fits the data very well. Both descriptions provide potentially useful "recipes" for modelling the SFR in numerical simulations of galaxy formation and evolution.
Algorithmic Folk Theories and Identity: How TikTok Users Co-Produce Knowledge of Identity and Engage in Algorithmic Resistance

Algorithms in online platforms interact with users' identities in different ways. However, little is known about how users understand the interplay between identity and algorithmic processes on these platforms, and if and how such understandings shape their behavior on these platforms in return. Through semi-structured interviews with 15 US-based TikTok users, we detail users' algorithmic folk theories of the For You Page algorithm in relation to two inter-connected identity types: person and social identity. Participants identified potential harms that can accompany algorithms' tailoring content to their person identities. Further, they believed the algorithm actively suppresses content related to marginalized social identities based on race and ethnicity, body size and physical appearance, ability status, class status, LGBTQ identity, and political and social justice group affiliation. We propose a new algorithmic folk theory of social feeds-The Identity Strainer Theory-to describe when users believe an algorithm filters out and suppresses certain social identities. In developing this theory, we introduce the concept of algorithmic privilege as held by users positioned to benefit from algorithms on the basis of their identities. We further propose the concept of algorithmic representational harm to refer to the harm users experience when they lack algorithmic privilege and are subjected to algorithmic symbolic annihilation. Additionally, we describe how participants changed their behaviors to shape their algorithmic identities to align with how they understood themselves, as well as to resist the suppression of marginalized social identities and lack of algorithmic privilege via individual actions, collective actions, and altering their performances. We theorize our findings to detail the ways the platform's algorithm and its users co-produce knowledge of identity on the platform. We argue the relationship between users' algorithmic folk theories and identity are consequential for social media platforms, as it impacts users' experiences, behaviors, sense of belonging, and perceived ability to be seen, heard, and feel valued by others as mediated through algorithmic systems.
Improving Coordination of Addiction Health Services Organizations with Mental Health and Public Health Services

In this mixed-method study, we examined coordination of mental health and public health services in addiction health services (AHS) in low-income racial and ethnic minority communities in 2011 and 2013. Data from surveys and semistructured interviews were used to evaluate the extent to which environmental and organizational characteristics influenced the likelihood of high coordination with mental health and public health providers among outpatient AHS programs. Coordination was defined and measured as the frequency of interorganizational contact among AHS programs and mental health and public health providers. The analytic sample consisted of 112 programs at time 1 (T1) and 122 programs at time 2 (T2), with 61 programs included in both periods of data collection. Forty-three percent of AHS programs reported high frequency of coordination with mental health providers at T1 compared to 66% at T2. Thirty-one percent of programs reported high frequency of coordination with public health services at T1 compared with 54% at T2. Programs with culturally responsive resources and community linkages were more likely to report high coordination with both services. Qualitative analysis highlighted the role of leadership in leveraging funding and developing creative solutions to deliver coordinated care. Overall, our findings suggest that AHS program funding, leadership, and cultural competence may be important drivers of program capacity to improve coordination with health service providers to serve minorities in an era of health care reform.
A 12.5 MHz CMOS continuous time bandpass filter

The authors describe a continuous-time bandpass filter integrated in a 3- mu m CMOS technology, with an f/sub 0/ of 12.5 MHz and a 2% fractional bandwidth. The four-pole filter is modeled on two L-C resonators coupled by mutual inductance, resistively terminated at the input and output for maximum power transfer. Each resonator is simulated on the IC by two tunable integrators in negative feedback and is terminated by MOS resistors to define the filter bandwidth. Regulation of f/sub 0/ is obtained by locking an oscillating, consisting of a third identical integrator pair without termination resistors, to an externally supplied reference frequency. The circuits were fabricated on a double-metal, single-polysilicon, 3- mu m CMOS IC. Operation of the chip at a 12.5-MHz center frequency was verified, showing the desired 2% fractional bandwidth. >
Defect formation during binder removal in ethylene vinyl acetate filled system

This paper focuses on determining the criteria for defect formation during the early stages of thermal binder removal within an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer filled with submicron SiC ceramic powder. The only product of the early stage thermal degradation reaction of EVA within an inert atmosphere is acetic acid. This single component and well characterized organic reaction product has allowed the defect forming criteria to be definitively examined. It will be shown that bloating occurs in the early stages of binder removal as a result of pressure build-up in the specimen resulting from acetic acid formed from the thermal elimination reaction of EVA. The first part of this paper examines defect formation occurring in the pure polymer within a hot-stage optical microscope. Bubble formation is observed in the pure polymer. Next, bloating occurring in the molded system is examined. The affect of mineral oil on bloating is also discussed as well as the effect that molding pressure has on bloating. It was found that molding pressure effects defect formation. Finally, this paper presents binder removal maps that were developed for specimens up to 8 mm thick. These bloating maps indicate the existence of two primary bloating regimes.
Cardiopulmonary effects of antimalarial drugs: V. Cycloguanil and a new triazine compound (WR 99,662)☆

Abstract This report pertains to the pharmacology of a new antimalarial compound identified as WR 99,662 (2-[3-(dimethylamino) propylamino]-4-(trichloromethyl)-6-(α,α,α-trichloro- m -tolyl)-2-triazine). Its toxicity was compared with that of cycloguanil in three animal species: mouse, rat, and dog. The differences between the two triazines are as follows: (a) The lethal doses for cycloguanil are smaller than those for WR 99,662: in mice the LD50 is 54 mg/kg for cycloguanil and 1350 mg/kg for WR 99,662; in dogs the LD100 is 24.3 ± 2.7 mg/kg for cycloguanil and 159 ± 39 for WR 99,663. (b). The chronic effects of cycloguanil in rats include reduction of the reticulocyte count, while WR 99,662 has no such hematologic effect. (c) Cycloguanil increases cardiac output in dogs, but WR 99,662 does not produce this effect. (d) Sublethal doses of cycloguanil in anesthetized dogs increase pulmonary resitance, whereas sublethal doses of WR 99,662 stimulate respiration and reduce aortic blood pressure and cardiac output. (e) In rats the mortality from cycloguanil can be reduced by concurrent injection of leucovorin. The mortality from WR 99,662 could not be reduced by leucovorin indicating that deaths from WR 99,662 cannot be due to antifolic acid property. However, the possibility that antimalarial activity and other pharmacodynamic effects of WR 99,662 are exerted by inhibiting folic acid has not been ruled out.
CXCR-4 (fusin), a co-receptor for the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is expressed in the human brain in a variety of cell types, including microglia and neurons

Entry of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus into most cells requires the presence of the CD4 protein in combination with one of several recently described co-receptors. CXCR-4 (fusin) was the first identified, and it serves as co-receptor for T-cell-line tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 isolates. To determine the expression of CXCR-4 in the brain, a major target of HIV pathology, we used immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with CXCR-4-specific antibodies and probes. We found that CXCR-4 was expressed in several cell types in brain, but notably in neurons and microglia, a finding that was replicated in tissue culture. The study of the expression of CXCR-4 in the brain, which may be one of many chemokine receptors in the central nervous system, may provide further insight into the interactions between brain cells, pathogens, and the immune system, and help understand the pathogenesis of HIV dementia.
Droplet nuclei produced during dental treatment of tubercular patients: A preliminary study☆

Abstract The possibility of infection from a tubercular patient exists for the dentist, auxiliary personnel, and other patients. Aerosols released during dental procedures which incorporate water sprays may result in droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether these droplet nuclei are generated during dental treatment of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A dental prophylaxis was performed with an ultrasonic scaler on the labial surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth of patients suspected of having active pulmonary tuberculosis. Air samples were taken immediately after the prophylaxis. The findings suggest that droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli may not be generated during oral prophylaxis, with an ultrasonic scaler, of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Further modified study is indicated, however, since factors associated with the investigation may explain this failure to produce tubercle bacilli.
An automatic three-dimensional human behavior analysis system for video surveillance applications

We developed a system for automatic 3-D human body motion in video surveillance sequences. As the first step, the human body that will be used for the analysis is extracted and tracked based on video object (VO) segmentation technique. Once human body is extracted, this 2-D object, which consists of the merging of several regions, is then analyzed for activity and body part interpretation. The specific 2-D human body shape along with the information derived from maximum probable explanation (MPE) of dynamic Bayesian modeling is then effectively utilized to obtain 3-D body model frame-by-frame so that the 3-D motion trajectory of the human object can be derived for any future event analysis, which is independent of the viewing perspective of the 2-D video.
Sensing and Actuation in a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine

A complete set of equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, and multicomponent transport and chemical reaction in a liquid propellant rocket (LPR) engine are given, along with appropriate boundary conditions. The formulation includes a detailed description of the two-phase (gas/liquid) flow in terms of a moving boundary problem, with droplets and vapor occupying time-dependent subdomains of the LPR chamber. Several sensor and actuator types are considered in detail, and their mathematical descriptions are incorporated into the differential equations and boundary conditions.
Thermochronological constraints on the timing and magnitude of Miocene and Pliocene extension in the central Wassuk Range, western Nevada

Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronological data provide new constraints on the timing of faulting and exhumation of the Wassuk Range, western Nevada, where east dipping normal faults have accommodated large-magnitude ENE-WSW oriented extension. Extensional deformation has resulted in the exhumation of structurally coherent fault blocks that expose sections of preextensional mostly granitic upper crust in the Grey Hills and central Wassuk Range. These fault blocks display westward tilts of ∼60° and expose preextensional paleodepths of up to ∼8.5 km, based on the structural reconstruction of tilted preextensional Tertiary andesite flows that unconformably overlie Mesozoic basement rocks. Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronological data from the fault blocks constrain the onset of rapid footwall exhumation at ∼15 Ma. Fission track modeling results indicate rapid fault block exhumation occurred between ∼15 and 12 Ma, which is in agreement with Miocene volcanic rocks that bracket the tilting history. In addition, fission track and (U-Th)/He data suggest reduced rates of cooling following major extension, as well as renewed cooling related to active, high-angle faulting along the present-day range front starting at ∼4 Ma. Thermochronological data from structurally restored fault blocks indicate a preextensional Miocene geothermal gradient of 27° ± 5°C/km. The thermochronological constraints on the timing of extensional faulting and the eruptive history in the Wassuk Range imply a model for extension where crustal heating and volcanism precede the onset of rapid large magnitude extension, and where synextensional magmatism is suppressed during the highest rates of extension.
Strategy-Proofness and the Core in House Allocation Problems

Abstract We study house allocation problems introduced by L. Shapley and H. Scarf (1974, J. Math. Econ.1, 23–28). We prove that a mechanism (a social choice function) is individually rational, anonymous, strategy-proof, and nonbossy (but not necessarily Pareto efficient) if and only if it is either the core mechanism or the no-trade mechanism, where the no-trade mechanism is the one that selects the initial allocation for each profile of preferences. This result confirms the intuition that even if we are willing to accept inefficiency, there exists no interesting strategy-proof mechanism other than the core mechanism. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C71, C78, D71, D78, D89.