cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A BRAIN METASTATIC CANINE PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINE

BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer in men has a high mortality and morbidity due to metastatic disease. The pathobiology of prostate cancer metastasis is not well understood and cell lines and animal models that recapitulate the complex nature of the disease are needed. Therefore, the goal of the study was to establish and characterize a new prostate cancer line derived from a dog with spontaneous prostate cancer. METHODS. A new cell line (Leo) was derived from a dog with spontaneous prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry and PCR were used to characterize the primary prostate cancer and xenografts in nude mice. Subcutaneous tumor growth and metastases in nude mice were evaluated by bioluminescent imaging, radiography and histopathology. In vitro chemosensitivity of Leo cells to therapeutic agents was measured. RESULTS. Leo cells expressed the secretory epithelial cytokeratins (CK)8, 18, and ductal cell marker, CK7. The cell line grew in vitro (over 75 passages) and was tumorigenic in the subcutis of nude mice. Following intracardiac injection, Leo cells metastasized to the brain, spinal cord, bone, and adrenal gland. The incidence of metastases was greatest to the central nervous system (80%) with a lower incidence to bone (20%) and the adrenal glands (16%). In vitro chemosensitivity assays demonstrated that Leo cells were sensitive to Velcade and an HDAC-42 inhibitor with IC50 concentrations of 1.9 nm and 0.95 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION. The new prostate cancer cell line (Leo) will be a valuable model to investigate the mechanisms of the brain and bone metastases. Prostate 71: 1251–1263, 2011. # 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Philosophical Criminology and Complex Systems Science: Towards a Critical Theory of Justice

Chaos theory (or complex systems science, CSS) has made considerable inroads across a range of social science disciplines, including criminology. However, little has been done to assess the relevance of chaos theory for advancing a philosophical criminology. This task is significant because it tells us something about where, how, and why most modernist theories of crime are of limited utility when advancing the interests of justice and humanism in society. Accordingly, this article outlines the essential features of a philosophical criminology, including its commitments to ontology, epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics. Moreover, the contexts in which several key chaos theory principles such as iteration, sensitive dependence on initial conditions, bifurcations, attractors, fractal space, and dissipative structures function to promote a philosophical criminology are explored. A number of implications stemming from this analysis for purposes of critical theory building in law, crime, and justice studies are provisionally delineated.
Isolation of neptunium as a mono octyl phosphoric acid complex by liquid-liquid extraction

Abstract The extraction of certain M(III), M(IV) and M(VI) actinides and lanthanides and Y(III) in the system mono(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid (symbolized as H 2 MEHP) in toluene diluent vs. aqueous HCl has been investigated with respect to operational solvent and acid dependencies, state of oxidation, and Z , using the radioactive tracer technique. Through proper combination of solvent concentration and HCl concentration, systems may be devised by means of which M(IV) may be separated from M(VI) and M(III), or M(VI) may be separated from M(III). The ration of the K values for Np(IV) and Np(VI) respectively exceeds 10 5 as does the ratio of the respective K values for U(IV) and U(VI). The ratio of the K value of Np(IV) to the K values of U(VI) and Pu(III) may be made greater than 10 4 . A flow sheet for the isolation of Np as Np(IV) has been devised and tested. This procedure requires only a single extraction with H 2 MEHP (in toluene) followed by multiple scrubbing with 12 F HCl containing hydroquinone, or 6 F HCl containing hydroquinone and hydriodic acid, the reducing agents serving to reduce plutonium to Pu(III). The mechanism of extraction has been examined tentatively in terms of ion exchange analogy and chloride complexing. The anti-synergistic interaction of TBP (tri- n -butyl phosphate) with H 2 MEHP has been utilized in effecting the return of Np(IV) to an aqueous phase.
Photoacoustic spectrometer with a calculable cell constant for measurements of gases and aerosols.

We benchmark the performance of a photoacoustic spectrometer with a calculable cell constant in applications related to climate change measurements. As presently implemented, this spectrometer has a detection limit of 3.1 × 10−9 W cm−1 Hz−1/2 for absorption by a gas and 1.5 × 10−8 W cm−1 Hz−1/2 for soot particles. Nonstatistical uncertainty limited the accuracy of the instrument to ∼1%, and measurements of the concentration of CO2 in laboratory air agreed with measurements made using a cavity ring-down spectrometer, to within 1%. Measurements of the enhanced absorption resulting from ultrathin (<5 nm), nonabsorbing coatings on nanoscale soot particles demonstrate the sensitivity of this instrument. Together, these measurements show the instrument’s ability to quantitatively measure the absorption coefficient for species of interest to the climate and atmospheric science communities. Because the system constant is known, in most applications the acoustic response of this instrument need not be calibrated a...
Intestinal Calcium-Binding Protein in the Developing Rat Duodenum

Summary: An immunoassay for rat intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) employing antibody raised in chickens using purified rat intestinal CaBP has been used to measure immunoreactive CaBP in the duodenum of suckling and weanling rats. A 5-fold increase in immunoreactivity, associated with a 2 ½-fold increase in calcium-binding activity occurred at weaning, a period during which duodenal mucosal mass increased 2-fold and supernatant protein concentration increased 1 ½-fold. Speculation: The ontogeny of calcium-binding protein in the duodenum of young rats parallels the maturation of cholecalciferol hydroxylases and represents maturation of the intestine as an end organ responsive to the vitamin D endocrine system.
The May 7 Cadre Schools in the People's Republic of China: 1968-1976:

The May 7 Cadre Schools were established in the People's Republic of China during the Cultural Revolution. Their function was to train cadres to follow the "mass line, " which was the communist equivalent of the formula, "Of the people, by the people, and for the people. " The principal method of training in these schools was hard manual labor, which had been the Chinese peasants' way of life. It was hoped that through such training, civil servants would be one with the masses. This emphasis on mass line has been abandoned since Mao's death. Insofar as it represents the purists' view of communism, it is worthy of our attention, for the purists are surely waiting in the wings for their moment to return in history.
Existing problems in the testing for infectious diseases.

Current methods for testing donated blood for presence of infectious viral agents in the USA differ from those used in other countries because of the USA Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) control which inhibits rapid introduction of testing methods or improvements. Delays in FDA approval may occur because of concerns about methodology or the state of knowledge about the disease it is intended to detect as wellas due to variability between manufacturers. Despite strict FDA control, testing problems continue to occur in the USA. No approved method detects infectious agents during the window period,'' and variations in detection, i.e., false positives and false negatives (even with confirmatory testing), continue to occur. The effect of physical and chemical changes (e.g., various anticoagulants) on samples has not been thoroughly evaluated. Test performance problems include lapses in sample identification, failure to use routine laboratory controls, improper calculation and reporting of results, improper...
Comments on ¿Identification of SAGBO-induced damage zone ahead of crack tip to characterize sustained loading crack growth in alloy 783¿

Abstract The results of Ma and Chang, which reported enhanced cracking of alloy 783 during cyclic loading at room temperature after a hold time in air at elevated temperatures, and which they explained (inappropriately calling it SAGBO) as resulting from an oxygen-weakened damage zone of hundreds of micrometers in extent, are shown to be explainable in terms of the phenomenon of dynamic embrittlement.
Crop sequencing to improve use of precipitation and synergize crop growth

Cropping systems will not be sustainable without change. Broad-scope problems associated with developing sustainable cropping systems are how to choose and sequence crops in cropping systems. Our objectives were twofold: (i) evaluate impacts of crop sequencing on precipitation use and (ii) show how crop sequencing can accentuate synergistic interactions among crops. Crop-fallow systems that developed in the Great Plains resulted in precipitation storage efficiencies of about 20% in the early 1930s to about 40% in the late 1980s. Integrated crop-livestock systems have been developed in the southern Great Plains to take advantage of bimodal annual precipitation pattern to produce high quality pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] forage during the noncrop period between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest and seeding. Pigeonpea can be grown after a mid-June winter wheat harvest since pigeonpea uses precipitation received from wheat harvest to late September and pigeonpea has a root system that allows it to use soil water below the effective rooting depth of wheat. In the central Great Plains, water-use efficiency of winter wheat was improved 18 to 56% by including broadleaf crop in a grass-based rotation. Cropping systems in the northern Great Plains tend to be more diverse, and research at Mandan, ND, suggests that seed yield of flax (Linum usitatissium L.) can be tripled with a safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)-flax crop sequence vs. a flax-flax crop sequence. Great Plains cropping systems of the future will not only need to take advantage of crop sequences through synergism, but also take advantage of the interactions associated with diversity in space (polyculture).
Asymptotic Analysis of Equilibrium in Radiation Fog

Abstract A vertical distribution formulation of liquid water content (LWC) for steady radiation fog was obtained and examined through the singular perturbation method. The asymptotic LWC distribution is a consequential balance among cooling, droplet gravitational settling, and turbulence in the liquid water budget of radiation fog. The cooling produces liquid water, which is depleted by turbulence near the surface. The influence of turbulence on the liquid water budget decreases with height and is more significant for shallow fogs than for deep fogs. The depth of the region of surface-induced turbulence can be characterized with a fog boundary layer (FBL). The behavior of the FBL bears some resemblance to the surface mixing layer in radiation fog. The characteristic depth of the FBL is thinner for weaker turbulence and stronger cooling, whereas if turbulence intensity increases or cooling rate decreases then the FBL will develop from the ground. The asymptotic formulation also reveals a critical turbulent...
Deficit Thinking and the Effective Teacher

This research was a qualitative study of 10 elementary school teachers working with predominantly African American students in a large urban school district. The primary focus of this study was to analyze the teachers’ perceptions of their African American students. The hope is that the data presented in this study will initiate trends that assist in effectively preparing teachers to attain successful outcomes with African American students.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF H ii REGIONS IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS: SIMULATION METHODOLOGY, TESTS, AND UNIFORM MEDIA

We present a method for simulating the evolution of H II regions driven by point sources of ionizing radiation in magnetohydrodynamic media, implemented in the three-dimensional Athena MHD code. We compare simulations using our algorithm to analytic solutions and show that the method passes rigorous tests of accuracy and convergence. The tests reveal several conditions that an ionizing radiation hydrodynamic code must satisfy to reproduce analytic solutions. As a demonstration of our new method, we present the first three-dimensional, global simulation of an H II region expanding into a magnetized gas. The simulation shows that magnetic fields suppress sweeping up of gas perpendicular to magnetic field lines, leading to small density contrasts and extremely weak shocks at the leading edge of the H II region's expanding shell.
The impact of spectroscopy and diagnostics on combustion research

Abstract This paper demonstrates the intimate, but essential, coupling of sound spectroscopic research with the application of laser diagnostics to reacting flows. We begin with the laser itself, as dictated by the needs in combustion spectroscopy, then explore some of the specific spectroscopic advances, and finally demonstrate some of the applications currently being pursued at Sandia's Combustion Research Facility.
The Mars surface environment and solar array performance

January, 2010, marked the 6th anniversary for MER. This also marked the completion of more than three Martian years of solar array operation on Mars. During the spring of 2010, the MER rovers broke the RTG powered Viking Lander record for robotic operations on the Mars surface. Not only has a wealth of scientific information been obtained from MER but also a large quantity of data regarding factors that impact solar array performance. These include measurement of atmospheric dust, i.e., the atmospheric tau value. Additionally, dust buildup and removal from the solar array surfaces has been tracked. It is expected that the data from the rovers will enhance the prediction of future Mars surface solar array performance. Seasonal and annual trends have been identified. The results of these parameter analyses will be presented to assist in the design of future Mars surface solar power systems, both rover and stationary.
Continuous-time feedback in floating-gate MOS circuits

We present the negative- and positive-feedback circuit configurations of continuous-time floating-gate MOS circuits. We start by reviewing the dynamics of our pFET and nFET single-transistor synapses. We present the range of possible stabilizing and destabilizing types of feedback in circuits with one floating-gate synapse, including data from nFET and pFET synapses. We then show examples of competitive and cooperative behavior in multiple-synapse circuits. We present experimental data from circuits fabricated in the 2-/spl mu/m n-well CMOS process available through MOSIS. We see similar experimental effects in 1.2and 0.5-/spl mu/m processes.
Force Generation by Microtubule Assembly/Disassembly in Mitosis and Related Movements

In this article, we review the dynamic nature of the filaments (microtubules) that make up the labile fibers of the mitotic spindle and asters, we discuss the roles that assembly and disassembly of microtubules play in mitosis, and we consider how such assembling and disassembling polymer filaments can generate forces that are utilized by the living cell in mitosis and related movements.
Origin of coexisting minette and ultramafic breccia, Navajo volcanic field

Trace element evidence indicates that at the Buell Park diatreme, Navajo volcanic field, the felsic minette can be best explained by crystal fractionation from a potassic magma similar in composition to the mafic minettes. Compatible trace element (Cr, Ni, Sc) abundances decrease while concentrations of most incompatible elements (Ce, Yb, Rb, Ba, Sr) remain constant or increase from mafic to felsic minette. In particular, the nearly constant Ce/Yb ratio of the minettes combined with the decrease in Cr, Ni, and Sc abundances from mafic to felsic minette is inconsistent with a model of varying amounts of partial melting as the process to explain minette compositions. The uniformity of rare earth element (REE) abundances in all the minettes requires that an accessory mineral, apatite, dominated the geochemistry of the REE during fractionation. A decrease in P2O5 from mafic to felsic minette and the presence of apatite in cognate inclusions are also consistent with apatite fractionation. Higher initial87Sr/86Sr ratios in the felsic minettes relative to the proposed parental mafic minettes, however, is inconsistent with a simple fractionation model. Also, a separated phlogopite has a higher initial87Sr/86Sr ratio than host minette. These anomalous isotopic features probably reflect interaction of minette magma with crust. The associated ultramafic breccia at Buell Park is one of the Navajo kimberlites, but REE concentrations of the matrix do not support the kimberlite classification. Although the matrix of the breccia is enriched in the light REE relative to chondrites, and has high La, Rb, Ba, and Sr concentrations relative to peridotites, the concentrations of these elements are significantly lower than in South African kimberlites. A high initial87Sr/86Sr ratio combined with petrographic evidence of ubiquitous crustal xenoliths in the Navajo kimberlites suggests that the relatively high incompatible element concentrations are due to a crustal component. Apparently, Navajo kimberlites are most likely a mixture of comminuted mantle wall rock and crustal material; there is no evidence for an incompatible element-rich magma which is characteristic of South African kimberlites. If the mafic minettes are primary magmas derived from a garnet peridotite source with chondritic REE abundances, then REE geochemistry requires very small (less than 1%) degrees of melting to explain the minettes. Alternatively, the minettes could have formed by a larger degree of melting of a metasomatized, relatively light REE-enriched garnet peridotite. The important role of phlogopite and apatite in the differentiation of the minettes supports this latter hypothesis.
Studies on Oemopteryx vanduzeea (Claassen, 1937) and a new species in the O. vanduzeea species group (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) from the Pacific Northwest, USA

The Holarctic genus Oemopteryx is represented in the Nearctic region by three species groups, including the far western O. vanduzeea group. In this paper, we redescribe and illustrate O. vanduzeea (Claassen, 1937) and describe O. leei sp. n. from California and Oregon, USA. The new species is distinguished in the male from O. vanduzeea by the epiproct complex having a tongue-shaped prong that is hood-like at the apex, by the sleeve containing a filament that bears a terminal hook, and by a ventral, elongate, finger-like process that inserts into the apex of the prong. The female of O. leei sp. n. exhibits a large, wide subgenital plate that terminates in a narrow notched apex, whereas the subgenital plate is smaller and trapezoidal, with a flat, truncate margin in O. vanduzeea.
Magmatic volatiles in primitive lunar glasses: I. FTIR and EPMA analyses of Apollo 15 green and yellow glasses and revision of the volatile-assisted fire-fountain theory

Abstract Apollo 15 green and yellow glasses have been examined by FTIR and EPMA for dissolved C, S, and Cl. Neither the green glass, the volcanically produced yellow glass, nor the impact produced yellow glasses show any signs of FTIR active dissolved C species down to FTIR detectability (κ50–100 ppm). Glass hydroxyl contents are also below FTIR detectability (κ10–50 ppm). Sulfur and Cl contents are close to or below electron probe detection (S = 100–350 ppm, Cl = detection to κ 100 ppm). Thermochemical modeling demonstrates that C solubility is above FTIR detection limits only under relatively oxidizing conditions. If the lunar mantle is at an oxygen fugacity of less than 0.5 log units below IW, C exsolution from picritic melts is not an effective process for driving lunar pyroclastic eruptions. Almost all the current estimates of lunar mantle fO2 point to a lunar mantle more reducing than 0.5 log units below IW. This is consistent with the lack of dissolved FTIR detectable C observed in this study. Calculations of volatile losses from lunar melt spheres during eruption, due to diffusion followed by evaporation, suggest that significant amounts of C and other volatiles are lost from the melt. This is an alternative explanation for the lack of dissolved volatiles in the Apollo 15 glasses. Diffusive volatile loss is an effective means of generating the fumarolic gasses that accompanied mare volcanism and is implied by the volatile coatings on lunar picritic glass spheres. The oxidation of graphite and the fragmentation of the melt are the essential tenets of the volatile assisted fire-fountain theory. This process is still the most plausible explanation for lunar fire-fountaining; however, the conclusions of our study suggest that carbon exsolution from the melt played only a minor role in driving the eruptions. Graphite oxidation alone is capable of producing the desired pyroclastic effect. The oxidation of graphite can proceed via the reduction of Cr2O3, TiO2, and FeO. Each one of the above components alone has the capacity to produce impressive amounts of CO gas from reduction by C. This is a result of the large reduction capacity of elemental C.
Evaluation of alternative reference toxicants for use in the earthworm toxicity test

The use of the 14-d earthworm toxicity test to aid in the evaluation of the ecological impact of contaminated soils is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the method is in need of further standardization. As part of this continuing process, the choice of reference toxicants was evaluated. Reference toxicants were rated in relation to the following criteria: (a) reproducibility, (b) low human health hazard, (c) feasibility of measurement, and (d) chemical stability. Potassium chloride (KCl) and ammonium chloride (NH{sub 4}Cl) were evaluated as possible alternatives to the one currently in common use, 2-chloroacetamide. Potassium chloride rated the best for the combination of the four criteria, followed by NH{sub 4}Cl and 2-chloroacetamide. Coefficients of variation (C.V.s) from control charts of six definitive tests were use to measure reproducibility. The best reproducibility (lowest C.V.) was shown by KCl, followed by NH{sub 4}Cl and 2-chloroacetamide. Toxicants ranked KCl 2-chloroacetamide in terms of measurement feasibility. Both 2-chloroacetamide and NH{sub 4}Cl changed in concentration during testing. Evidence is also presented that 2-chloroacetamide degrades rapidly during testing, and that, as dead worms decay, ammonification may be adding another toxicant, ammonia, tomore » tests.« less
TH-C-J-6B-01: Guided Surgery Using Rapid Prototyping Patient Specific Guides

Purpose: One of the basic tenets of Neurosurgical planning is the ability to generate an operative approach that minimizes the disruption of normal tissues while allowing the required access to target tissues. To aid the surgeon in his or her ability to appreciate the location of target tissues, as well as the relationship of the target to normal tissues, graphical workstation have been employed. The introduction of Image Guidance Systems (IGS) into OR has brought along a host of new computers, infrared camera systems and radio frequency transmitters and receivers, all of which pose restrictions on the placement and operation of the other equipment needed for the operative procedure. In order to provide the advantages of IGS while avoiding the problems associated with the commercial equipment we elected to investigate a mechanical alternative, one that did not require any of the above equipment to be present with the operating room. Method and Materials: Recently, a new generation of 3‐dimensional printers has been developed. These systems are capable of fabricating OR compatible objects within an hour of design. The goal of this project is to develop software that provides the surgeon with the ability to build a patient specific 3D model from a diagnostic image dataset and to then plan a surgical procedure. Utilizing the 3D patient specific model, the software designs a patient specific reference frame and fabricates the frame using rapid prototyping technology. This reference frame incorporate all necessary trajectories, including mechanical referencing to the patient, guidance for initial skin incision, trajectory alignment to the target tissues, as well as providing a mechanical platform for mounting other surgical tools. Results Conclusion: We have written and tested this new generation of software on phantom targets and are now engaged in an IRB surgical trial assessing the system's accuracy and precision.
An MSV-specific subgenomic mRNA in MSV-transformed G8-124 cells

An intracellular subgenomic RNA species from MSV-transformed G8-124 cells was characterized by electron microscopy of RNA:cDNA heteroduplexes using long cDNAs both MSV and MuLV. This subgenomic RNA, 3.1 kb long, consisted of 5'-derived sequences of about 0.4 kb joined to 2.7 kb of RNA derived from the 3' end of the RNA genome. The 3'-derived sequences included the residual sequences from the MuLV pol region and the acquired cellular sequences of MSV. The genome of MSV was shown to retain approximately 0.13 kb from the 5' end of the MuLV env region, including sequences which span the point in the MuLV env mRNA. No subgenomic MSV RNA could be detected, however, which consisted of a 5'-derived leader sequence spliced to the retained env region sequences. Nor could a subgenomic MSV RNA be detected in which a 5'-derived leader sequence was joined directly to the acquired cellular sequences. Although its translation products are unknown, the subgenomic MSV RNA was present in preparations of poly(A)+ polysomal RNA, consistent with this RNA functioning as a messenger. The structure of this 3.1 kb MSV subgenomic RNA suggests a possible role in the expression of 3'-encoded MSV information, possibly including transformation-specific sequences.
An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for diacetoxyscirpenol applied to the analysis of wheat

High-titre, high-specificity antisera against diacetoxyscirpenol have been produced in rabbits and used to set up an indirect, microtitration-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the trichothecene mycotoxin. The assay, with a limit of detection of 2 pg per well, has been applied to the determination of diacetoxyscirpenol in wheat. Cereal extraction consists of a simple solubilisation of toxin in methanol resulting in an assay sensitivity of 300 ng g−1. Recovery, measured at three different toxin levels, was essentially quantitative.
2-20-GHz GaAs Traveling-Wave Power Amplifier

Power amplification in FET traveling-wave amplifiers is examined, and the mechanisms which limit power capability of the amplifier are identified. Design considerations for power amplification are discussed. A novel single-stage and two-stage monolithic GaAs traveling-wave power amplifier with over 250-mW power output in the 2-20-GHz frequency range is described.
Miscibility of ternary mixtures of phospholipids and cholesterol in monolayers, and application to bilayer systems.

We investigate miscibility transitions of two different ternary lipid mixtures, DOPC/DPPC/Chol and POPC/PSM/Chol. In vesicles, both of these mixtures of an unsaturated lipid, a saturated lipid, and cholesterol form micron-scale domains of immiscible liquid phases for only a limited range of compositions. In contrast, in monolayers, both of these mixtures produce two distinct regions of immiscible liquid phases that span all compositions studied, the α-region at low cholesterol and the β-region at high cholesterol. In other words, we find only limited overlap in miscibility phase behavior of monolayers and bilayers for the lipids studied. For vesicles at 25°C, the miscibility phase boundary spans portions of both the monolayer α-region and β-region. Within the monolayer β-region, domains persist to high pressures, yet within the α-region, miscibility phase transition pressures always fall below 15 mN/m, far below the bilayer equivalent pressure of 32 mN/m. Approximately equivalent phase behavior is observed for monolayers of DOPC/DPPC/Chol and for monolayers of POPC/PSM/Chol. As expected, pressure-area isotherms of our ternary lipid mixtures yield smaller molecular area and compressibility for monolayers containing more saturated acyl chains and cholesterol. All monolayer experiments were conducted under argon. We show that exposure of unsaturated lipids to air causes monolayer surface pressures to decrease rapidly and miscibility transition pressures to increase rapidly.
Differential lung mechanics are genetically determined in inbred murine strains.

Genetic determinants of lung structure and function have been demonstrated by differential phenotypes among inbred mice strains. For example, previous studies have reported phenotypic variation in ...
Cornelia and Dido (Lucan 9.174–9)

Pompey has been treacherously killed, his body decapitated and thrown into the surf. The faithful Cornelia cannot give her husband a proper funeral, but must be content to place on the pyre all that is left of his greatness. Commentators are not of much help in this place, most caught up in tralatician glossing and hence content to echo the scholiastic reference to Pompey's three triumphs. Thomas Farnaby thought of the funeral of Misenus in Aeneid 6; but one looks in vain to Grotius (1639), Oudendorp (1728), Burman (1740), Bentley (1760), Weber (1828–9), Francken (1896–7), Heitland-Haskins (1889), Housman (1926), Bourgery-Ponchont (1947), and Luck (1985) for the most important parallel, which is to Dido in Aeneid . I adduce the passages Heinze well described as examples of ‘das Idealbild eines heroischen Weibes’: tu secreta pyram tecto interiore sub auras erige, et arma uiri thalamo quae fixa reliquit impius exuuiasque omnis lectumque iugalem, quo perii, super imponas: 494–7) super exuuias ensemque relictum effigiemque toro locat haud ignata futuri. (507–8)hie, postquam Iliacas uestis notumque cubile conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata incubuitque toro dixitque nouissima uerba: ‘dulces exuuiae …’
Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Detected by Clonotypic Polymerase Chain Reaction Despite Continuous Pathologic Remission Induced by Involved-Field Radiotherapy

Purpose Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is indolent and often associated with Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection. H pylori–independent MALT develops either in the absence of the bacteria or persists after bacterial eradication. We have previously demonstrated long-term pathologic remission after involved-field radiotherapy therapy (IFRT). We determined molecular remission status by clonotypic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients and Methods Twenty-four consecutive patients with stage I to IIE gastric MALT lymphoma who obtained a pathologic remission after IFRT alone were evaluated. All had at least two follow-up endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. IFRT median dose was 30 Gy (range, 28.5 to 43.5 Gy). Post-treatment biopsies were subjected to semi-nested clonotypic PCR. Results All patients obtained a complete response based on routine immunohistochemical pathologic analysis of random post-treatment gastric biopsies. Median follow...
Oral manifestations of acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the classification of leukemias.

Background: Oral signs and symptoms may indicate a serious underlying systemic disease. The most frequently observed oral findings of leukemia are mucosal bleeding and ulceration, petechiae, and gingival hyperplasia. This case report describes a 53- year-old male who presented with gingival enlargement and bleeding, fatigue, and recent weight loss as initial manifestations of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Methods: A gingival biopsy was performed, revealing the presence of a hypercellular infiltrate of atypical myeloid and monocytic cells. Further work-up consisted of a complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, and immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis of biopsy material and flow cytometry of peripheral blood. Results: Flow cytometry results confirmed that the infiltrate was of a myelomonocytic origin, and a diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia was rendered. The patient responded well to a chemotherapeutic induction regimen of cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin hydrochloride, with regressi...
Physical Tactics of Female Partners Against Male Batterer Program Participants

Descriptive and predictive analyses were conducted using a multisite database of batterer program participants to assess the nature and extent of their female partner's violence, and implications for batterer program outcome (N = 563). Approximately 40% of the women reported ever using "severe" conflict tactics on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS; 17% used severe tactics in the arrest incident). Approximately 20% of the women reported using any type of physical tactic during a 15-month follow-up, and nearly all of these women were with men who physically attacked them during that period. These women were also highly likely to report acting out of fear or self-defense, and having sought a variety of services to deal with the men's violence. Their male partners, furthermore, showed evidence of antisocial tendencies and alcohol problems. Overall, the findings suggest women's "violent resistance" rather than "mutuality and symmetry." Batterer programs appear more appropriate in this regard than couples counseling.
Detection of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) by hyperspectral remote sensing. I. Effects of tillage and cover crop residue

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of hyperspectral reflectance data collected with a hand-held spectroradiometer to discriminate soybean intermixed with pitted morningglory and weed-free soybean in conventional till and no-till plots containing rye, hairy vetch, or no cover crop residue. Pitted morningglory was in the cotyledon to six-leaf growth stage. Seven 50-nm spectral bands (one ultraviolet, two visible, four near-infrared) derived from each hyperspectral reflectance measurement were used as discrimination variables. Pitted morningglory plant size had more influence on discriminant capabilities than tillage or cover crop residue systems. Across all tillage and residue systems, discrimination accuracy was 71 to 95%, depending on the size of pitted morningglory plants at the time of data acquisition. The versatility of the seven 50-nm bands was tested by using a discriminant model developed for one experiment location to test discriminant capabilities for the other experiment, with discrimination accuracy across all tillage and residue systems of 55 to 73%, depending on pitted morningglory plant size.
Quantifying Separate and Unequal: Racial-Ethnic Distributions of Neighborhood Poverty in Metropolitan America

Researchers measuring racial inequality of neighborhood environment across metropolitan areas have traditionally used segregation measures; yet such measures are limited for incorporating a third axis of information, including neighborhood opportunity. Using Census 2000 tract-level data for the largest U.S. metropolitan areas, the authors introduce the interquartile-range overlap statistic to summarize the substantial separation of entire distributions of neighborhood environments between racial groups. They find that neighborhood poverty distributions for minorities overlap only 27%, compared to the distributions for Whites. Furthermore, the separation of racial groups into neighborhoods of differing poverty rates is strongly correlated with racial residential segregation. The overlap statistic provides a straightforward, policy-relevant metric for monitoring progress toward achieving more equal environments of neighborhood opportunity space.
Contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to alanine and lactate metabolism in humans

To quantitate alanine and lactate gluconeogenesis in postabsorptive humans and to test the hypothesis that muscle is the principal source of these precursors, we infused normal volunteers with [3–1...
Energy Absorption Characteristics of a Carbon Fiber Composite Automobile Lower Rail: A Comparative Study

Composite materials have emerged as promising materials in applications where low weight and high strengths are desired. Aerospace industry has been using composite materials for past several decades exploiting their characteristics of high strength to weight ratio over conventional homogenous materials. To provide a wider selection of materials for design optimization, and to develop lighter and stronger vehicles, automobile industries have been exploring the use of composites for a variety of components, assemblies, and structures. Composite materials offer an attractive alternate to traditional metals as designers have greater flexibility to optimize material and structural shapes according to functional requirements. However, any automotive structure or part constructed from composite materials must meet or exceed crashworthiness standards such as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 208. Therefore, for a composite structure designed to support the integrity of the automotive structure and provide impact protection, it is imperative to understand the energy absorption characteristics of the candidate composite structures. In the present study, a detailed finite element analysis is presented to evaluate the energy absorbing characteristics of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite lower rail, a critical impact mitigation component in automotive chassis. For purposes of comparison, the analysis is repeated with equivalent aluminum and steel lower rails. The study was conducted using ABAQUS CZone module, finite element analysis software. The rail had a cross-sectional dimension of 62 mm (for each side), length of 457.2 mm, and a wall thickness of 3.016 mm. These values were extracted from automobile chassis manufacturer’s catalog. The rail was impacted by a rigid plate of mass 1 tonne (to mimic a vehicle of 1000 Kg gross weight) with an impact velocity of 35 mph (15646.4 mm/s), which is 5 mph over the FMVSS 208 standard, along its axis. The simulation results show that the composite rail crushes in a continuous manner under impact load (in contrast to a folding collapse deformation mode in aluminum and steel rails) which generates force-displacement curve with invariable crushing reactive force for the most part of the crushing stroke. The energy curves obtained from reactive force-displacement graphs show that the composite rail absorbs 240% and 231% more energy per unit mass as compared to aluminum and steel rails. This shows a significant performance enhancement over equivalent traditional metal (aluminum and steel) structures and suggests that composite materials in conjunction with cellular materials/configurations have a tremendous potential to improve crashworthiness of automobiles while offering opportunities of substantial weight reductions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Health Literacy Among Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

The purpose of this systematic literature review was to describe the empirical findings on health literacy in adults 65 and older. A systematic search for research studies from 1999 to early 2010 was conducted in MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. Articles were analyzed using the following foci: skills and health knowledge, functional health literacy, and health behaviors and health outcomes. Findings indicated that advancing age resulted in a significant increase in prevalence of inadequate health literacy. Further research is needed to develop evidence-based, culturally congruent interventions to improve health literacy among older adults.
Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH═CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential

Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with (Z)-CF(3)CH═CHCF(3) (cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene) were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) to produce OH and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to detect it. Rate coefficients were measured over a range of temperatures (212-374 K) and bath gas pressures (20-200 Torr; He, N(2)) and found to be independent of pressure over this range of conditions. The rate coefficient has a non-Arrhenius behavior that is well-described by the expression k(1)(T) = (5.73 ± 0.60) × 10(-19) × T(2) × exp[(678 ± 10)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) where k(1)(296 K) was measured to be (4.91 ± 0.50) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the uncertainties are at the 2σ level and include estimated systematic errors. Rate coefficients for the analogous OD radical reaction were determined over a range of temperatures (262-374 K) at 100 Torr (He) to be k(2)(T) = (4.81 ± 0.20) × 10(-19) × T(2) × exp[(776 ± 15)/T], with k(2)(296 K) = (5.73 ± 0.50) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). OH radical rate coefficients were also measured at 296, 345, and 375 K using a relative rate technique and found to be in good agreement with the PLP-LIF results. A room-temperature rate coefficient for the O(3) + (Z)-CF(3)CH═CHCF(3) reaction was measured using an absolute method with O(3) in excess to be <6 × 10(-21) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetime of (Z)-CF(3)CH═CHCF(3) due to loss by OH reaction was estimated to be ~20 days. Infrared absorption spectra of (Z)-CF(3)CH═CHCF(3) measured in this work were used to determine a (Z)-CF(3)CH═CHCF(3) global warming potential (GWP) of ~9 for the 100 year time horizon. A comparison of the OH reactivity of (Z)-CF(3)CH═CHCF(3) with other unsaturated fluorinated compounds is presented.
Studies on the control of antibody synthesis. XI. Effect of antigen on the localization of cells secreting different avidity antibodies.

SummaryIt was shown that rabbit popliteal lymph nodes draining the site of antigen injection tend to contain high avidity PFC while the PFC present in sites distant to the antigen injection tend to be of low avidity. When different doses of antigen are injected into the two rear footpads the popliteal node draining the side receiving the higher dose of antigen tends to contain more and higher avidity PFC. If antigen injections are given serially, 1 week apart, into different footpads, then the popliteal node draining the site of the first antigen injection tends to contain more and higher avidity PFC regardless of the dose of antigen used. Thus, antigen availability appears to be a critical factor in determining the localization of precursors of PFC. Following an injection of antigen, high avidity PFC (or their precursors) appear to be preferentially retained in the node draining the site of antigen injection; only low avidity PFC are found at distant sites. In addition, there is a depletion of the availa...
Functional Effects on the Acetylcholine Receptor of Multiple Mutations of γAsp174 and δAsp180

Residues γAsp174 and δAsp180, previously implicated in the binding of acetylcholine (ACh) by the mouse muscle ACh receptor, were each mutated to nine other residues, Asn, Glu, Thr, Ala, Cys, His, V...
A Contingency Perspective of Student Performance in the Principles of Marketing Classes

This study empirically examines the effect of class/exam timings (50 minute versus 75 minute classes), number of questions in an exam, gender and year in college on student performance in exams. The focus of investigation is Principles of Marketing course. The results from ANOV A and pair-wise comparison of exam scores indicate that these variables have no effect on student score on any exam. These non-effects have very serious implications on the notions such as academic freedom and administrative flexibility.
Automatically Splitting a Two-Stage Lambda Calculus

Staged programming languages assign a stage to each program expression and evaluate each expression in its assigned stage. A common use of staged languages is to describe programs where inputs arrive at different times or rates. In this paper we present an algorithm for statically splitting these mixed-staged programs into two unstaged, but dependent, programs where the outputs of the first program can be efficiently reused across multiple invocations of the second. While previous algorithms for performing this transformation also called pass separation and data specialization were limited to operate on simpler, imperative languages, we define a splitting algorithm for an explicitly-two-stage, typed lambda calculus [InlineEquation not available: see fulltext.] with a $$\bigcirc $$ modality denoting computation at a later stage, and a $$\nabla $$ modality noting purely first-stage code. Most notably, the algorithm splits mixed-stage recursive and higher-order functions. We prove the dynamic correctness of our splitting algorithm with respect to a partial-evaluation semantics, and mechanize this proof in Twelf. We also implement the algorithm in a prototype compiler, and demonstrate that the ability to split programs in a language featuring recursion and higher-order features enables non-trivial algorithmic transformations that improve code efficiency and also facilitates modular expression of staged programs.
Psychological Safety: A Meta-Analytic Review and Extension

Although psychological safety research has flourished in recent years, and despite the empirical support for the important role of psychological safety in the workplace, several critical questions remain. In order to address these questions, we aggregate theoretical and empirical works, and draw on 136 independent samples representing over 22,000 individuals and nearly 5,000 groups, to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis on the antecedents and outcomes of psychological safety. We not only present the nomological network of psychological safety but also extend this research in 4 important ways. First, we compare effect sizes to determine the relative effectiveness of antecedents to psychological safety. Second, we examine the extent to which psychological safety influences both task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors over and beyond related concepts such as positive leader relations and work engagement. Third, we examine whether research design characteristics and national culture alter validities within the nomological network, thus promoting a more accurate and contextualized understanding of psychological safety. Finally, we test the homology assumption by comparing the effect sizes of the antecedents and outcomes of psychological safety across individual and group levels of analysis. We conclude with a discussion of the areas in need of future examination.
The Use of He's Variational Iteration Method for Solving the One-Dimensional Parabolic Equation with Non-Classical Boundary Conditions

Over the last 15 years, the He’s variational iteration method (HVIM) has been applied to obtain formal solutions to a wide class of differential equations. This method leads to computable, efficient, solutions to linear and nonlinear operator equations. The parabolic partial differential equations with non-classical boundary conditions model various physical problems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the application of HVIM for solving the second-order linear parabolic partial differential equation with non-classical boundary conditions. The HVIM provides a reliable technique that requires less work when compared with the traditional techniques such as the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The present approach can be used and extended for investigating more scientific applications.