cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A bacterial artificial chromosome library for sugarcane.

Modern cultivated sugarcane is a complex aneuploid polyploid with an estimated genome size of 3000 Mb. Although most traits in sugarcane show complex inheritance, a rust locus showing monogenic inheritance has been documented. In order to facilitate cloning of the rust locus, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the cultivar R570. The library contains 103,296 clones providing 4.5 sugarcane genome equivalents. A random sampling of 240 clones indicated an average insert size of 130 kb allowing a 98% probability of recovering any specific sequence of interest. High-density filters were gridded robotically using a Genetix Q-BOT in a 4 × 4 double-spotted array on 22.5-cm2 filters. Each set of five filters provides a genome coverage of 4x with 18,432 clones represented per filter. Screening of the library with three different barley chloroplast gene probes indicated an exceptionally low chloroplast DNA content of less than 1%. To demonstrate the library’s potential for map-based cloning, single-copy RFLP sugarcane mapping probes anchored to nine different linkage groups and three different gene probes were used to screen the library. The number of positive hybridization signals resulting from each probe ranged from 8 to 60. After determining addresses of the signals, clones were evaluated for insert size and HindIII-fingerprinted. The fingerprints were then used to determine clone relationships and assemble contigs. For comparison with other monocot genomes, sugarcane RFLP probes were also used to screen a Sorghum bicolor BAC library and two rice BAC libraries. The rice and sorghum BAC clones were characterized for insert size and fingerprinted, and the results compared to sugarcane. The library was screened with a rust resistance RFLP marker and candidate BAC clones were subjected to RFLP fragment matching to identify those corresponding to the same genomic region as the rust gene.
Cosmic structure formation and microwave anisotropies from global field ordering.

Spontaneous breaking of global symmetries and the consequent field ordering provide a mechanism for the formation of structure in the Universe. We compare the predictions of these theories with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy recently detected by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and with recent observations of large-scale structure. In this paper we give a self-contained discussion of the analytical formalism, and numerical techniques required to simulate the texture, global monopole, global string, and nontopological texture scenarios. The Universe is assumed to have critical density and to be dominated by "cold" dark matter. Our main conclusions are that all of these scenarios are consistent with the reported amplitude, statistical properties, and multipole spectrum of the COBE signal, for a high bias factor $b\ensuremath{\sim}(2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1){h}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The distinctive non-Gaussian character of the CMB anisotropies produced in these theories is investigated, and the prospects for its detection are discussed. We also compare the theories with the recent data on the large-scale galaxy distribution. Like the "standard" inflationary scenarios, if $\ensuremath{\Omega}=1$, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}=0$, these theories may have insufficient power on large scales.
Four notes on GB-rings

Abstract The following results are proved: (1) there exist integrally closed Noetherian domains which are not GB-rings, so the GB-conjecture does not hold; (2) Henselian domains of altitude two and integrally closed Henselian domains of altitude three are GB-rings; and there exist Henselian local domains of altitude three and integrally closed Henselian local domains of altitude four which are not GB-rings; (3) the GB-condition does not descend even for Henselian local domains; and, (4) if (R, M) is a local domain, then D=R[X](M,X) is a GB-ring if (and only if) adjacent prime ideals in local integral extension domains of D contract in D to adjacent prime ideals.
Evidence on occupational migration.

This paper tests whether persons in highly skilled and higher-income occupations (who include professionals managers salespersons clerical workers and craftsworkers) are more likely to migrate when they perceive economic opportunities than persons in the lesser skilled and lower-income ones (who include operatives transport workers laborers and service workers). A simultaneous equations model of migration and employment change is specified for the nine major occupations defined in the U.S. census and this model is estimated using occupation-specific data....This study is limited to an investigation of the impact of migration on a variable that was deemed to have been a significant determinant of the direction and magnitude of migration; this variable is occupation-related employment change by industry....In order to analyze the migration response of persons in different occupations to varying economic conditions this paper [includes] sections on theory and model specification empirical results and conclusions." Data are from the 1970 census. (EXCERPT)
Balloon borne observations of backscatter, frost point and ozone in polar stratospheric clouds at the South Pole

Concurrent backscatter and ozone measurements were made with near-simultaneous frost point soundings over the South Pole when the center of the 1990 winter vortex was at or very near that location. The initial water vapor concentration in the stratosphere was {approximately}5ppmv and decreased to {approximately}1.5-2.0 ppmv as cooling took place. By mid-July the stratospheric temperature had decreased to the frost point and heavy polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) activity was observed presumably due to the condensation of water vapor. The lowest water vapor concentrations observed correspond to saturated air at the lowest temperatures encountered. The slow recovery of the water vapor concentration during spring warming indicates that the 12 to 22 km altitude region in the vortex is not readily penetrated by outside air. The observed large decrease in PSC backscatter above {approximately}14 km before the stratosphere began to warm is consistent with loss of particles by sedimentation leading to significant dehydration and denitrification. The region of PSC activity in July is noted to be in the same region in which ozone depletion and the persistent dehydration is observed later in the year. At the end of August heavy PSC activity was observed in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, consistentmore » with earlier observations from NASA aircraft. These lower clouds were in a region that apparently was still experiencing cooling. No compelling evidence was found surrounding earlier claims that PSC layers are anti-correlated with ozone inside the vortex.« less
A fuzzy rule-based in-process inspection and control system for a gear-hobbing process

Inspection is defined as determining the conformance of a product to specifications or requirements. In general, inspection can be classified as done by attributes or by variables. Inspection by attribute is carried out with the use of gauges, resulting in a 'Yes' or 'No' (Go, No-Go) decision. With attribute inspection, decision making could become challenging in borderline cases, relying entirely on the subjective judgement of the operator. The consequences of a bad decision could be significant when the result of inspection is used to control a process. This paper presents a fuzzy rule-based in-process decision-making system for attribute inspection of a component gear ring (pinion) manufactured by a gear-hobbing process. Analysis of the performance of the proposed system in a simulated environment indicates that it improves the decision-making process in the presence of ambiguity, thus resulting in reduced manufacturing and defect costs.
Modeling the propagation of optical beams in three-dimensional photonic crystals

We show that the propagation effects of optical beams in three-dimensional photonic crystal structures can be modeled using a direction-dependent effective diffractive index model. The parameters of the model (i.e., the effective diffractive indices) can be calculated using the curvatures of the band structure of the photonic crystal at the operation point. After finding these indices, the wave propagation inside the photonic crystal can be analyzed using simple geometrical optics formulas. We show that the model has good accuracy for most practical applications of photonic crystals. As an example, the application of the model for diffraction compensation in a tetragonal woodpile photonic crystal is demonstrated.
Diversification of C-Function Activity in Maize Flower Development

The Arabidopsis gene AGAMOUS is required for male and female reproductive organ development and for floral determinacy. Reverse genetics allowed the isolation of a transposon-induced mutation in ZAG1, the maize homolog of AGAMOUS. ZAG1 mutants exhibited a loss of determinacy, but the identity of reproductive organs was largely unaffected. This suggested a redundancy in maize sex organ specification that led to the identification and cloning of a second AGAMOUS homolog, ZMM2, that has a pattern of expression distinct from that of ZAG1. C-function organ identity in maize (as defined by the A, B, C model of floral organ development) may therefore be orchestrated by two closely related genes, ZAG1 and ZMM2, with overlapping but nonidentical activities.
Blood substitutes: why haven’t we been more successful?

Persistent safety concerns have stalled the development of viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). HBOCs have several advantages over human blood, including availability, long-term storage, and lack of infectious risk. The basis of HBOC toxicity is poorly understood, however, several mechanisms have been suggested, including Hb extravasation across the blood vessel wall, scavenging of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), oversupply of oxygen, and heme-mediated oxidative side reactions. Although there are some in vitro and limited animal studies supporting these mechanisms, heme-mediated reactivity appears to provide an alternative path that can explain some of the observed pathophysiological changes. Moreover, recent mechanistic and animal studies support a role for globin and heme scavengers in controlling oxidative toxicity associated with Hb infusion.
Replication across regioisomeric ethylated thymidine lesions by purified DNA polymerases.

Causal links exist between smoking cigarettes and cancer development. Some genotoxic agents in cigarette smoke are capable of alkylating nucleobases in DNA, and higher levels of ethylated DNA lesions were observed in smokers than in nonsmokers. In this study, we examined comprehensively how the regioisomeric O2-, N3-, and O4-ethylthymidine (O2-, N3-, and O4-EtdT, respectively) perturb DNA replication mediated by purified human DNA polymerases (hPols) η, κ, and ι, yeast DNA polymerase ζ (yPol ζ), and the exonuclease-free Klenow fragment (Kf–) of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Our results showed that hPol η and Kf– could bypass all three lesions and generate full-length replication products, whereas hPol ι stalled after inserting a single nucleotide opposite the lesions. Bypass conducted by hPol κ and yPol ζ differed markedly among the three lesions. Consistent with its known ability to efficiently bypass the minor groove N2-substituted 2′-deoxyguanosine lesions, hPol κ was able to bypass O2-EtdT, thoug...
The United States medical profession: an abnormal form of the division of labour

Abstract During the last century, the US medical profession, once dominated by general practitioners, has been transformed into a body of highly specialised physicians. Sweeping technological advances have fueled this evolution in which broadly trained primary care physicians who provide relatively inexpensive comprehensive medical care have become a professional minority. This country's specialty-oriented system of medical education has produced far more specialised doctors than are required to meet the need for their services among the general population. As a result, medical specialists have invaded the province of primary care physicians. They now compete with generalists for patients who do not have conditions requiring sophisticated specialised medical procedures. Their intrusion into the field of primary care, for which they have not been trained, is bitterly resented by general physicians. This largely unregulated division of labour has been insensitive to patient need and has disrupted the collaboration between general and specialty physicians which previously served the public interest.
A generalized-degree homotopy yielding global bifurcation results

Abstract We study the nonlinear eigenvalue problem F ( x , λ ) = Ax - ∑ j = 1 k λ j B j x - R ( x , λ ) = 0 where F : X × R → Y with X and Y Hilbert spaces such that X ⊆ Y ; i.e., X is imbedded in Y . It is shown that λ 0 = 0 is a global bifurcation point of the eigenvalue problem provided: a standard transversality condition is satisfied, the dimension of the null space of A is an odd number and each B j , j = 1 , 2 , … , k , is a positive operator on the finite-dimensional null space of A . We apply the theory to prove that λ = 0 is a global bifurcation point of the periodic boundary-value problem - x ″ ( t ) + λ x ( t ) + λ 2 x ′ ( t ) + f ( t , x ( t ) , x ′ ( t ) , x ″ ( t ) ) ; x ( 0 ) = x ( 1 ) , x ′ ( 0 ) = x ′ ( 1 ) .
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF HOST‐SEEKING STIMULANTS FOR CARDIOCHILES NIGRICEPS, A PARASITOID OF TOBACCO BUDWORM

Several methyl-branched saturated C32, C33, and C34 hydrocarbons have been identified from larvae and mandibular glands of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) that trigger a short-range host-seeking response of its parasitoid, Cardiochiles nigriceps, Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Although the individual components elicited a response, a mixture of the most active C32, C33, and C34 hydrocarbons was significantly more active than the individual components; some mixtures were as active as the contents of the mandibular gland of the host. Zusammenfassung ISOLIERUNG, IDENTIFIZIERUNG UND SYNTHESE DER DIE WIRTSSUCHE STIMULIERENDEN STOFFE BEI CARDIOCHILES NIGRICEPS, EINEM PARASITOID DES TABAKKNOSPENWURMS Isomere Monomethylalkane in den Larven und in der Mandibeldruse von Heliothis virescens, die bei ihrem Parasitoid, Cardiochiles nigriceps, nach Kontakt eine wirtsuchende Wirkung besitzen, wurden identifiziert. Mischungen mehrerer, als aktiv erkannter Substanzen (z.B. 12-Methyl C31 + 12-Methyl C32 + 13-Methyl C33, optimal zusammen 500 ng) wirkten starker als die einzelnen Komponenten und konnten die Wirkung des Mandibulardruseninhalts erreichen.
Ultrafast double-quantum-coherence spectroscopy of excitons with entangled photons.

We calculate the four-wave-mixing signal of excitons generated at ${\mathbit{k}}_{4}={\mathbit{k}}_{1}+{\mathbit{k}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{\mathbit{k}}_{3}$ by two pulsed entangled photon pairs (${\mathbit{k}}_{1}$, ${\mathbit{k}}_{2}$) and (${\mathbit{k}}_{3}$, ${\mathbit{k}}_{4}$), where all four modes are chronologically ordered. Entangled photons offer an unusual combination of bandwidths and temporal resolution not possible by classical beams. Contributions from different resonances can be selected by varying the parameters of the photon wave function. The signal scales linearly rather than quadratically with the laser field intensity, which allows performance of the measurements at low powers.
Single-unit responses of serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus neurons to environmental heating and pyrogen administration in freely moving cats.

Abstract Single-unit activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus was examined in response to environmental heating and pyrogen-induced fever in freely moving cats. In the heating study, ambient temperature was rapidly raised from a baseline of 25° to 43 ± 1°C and maintained at this level for 2 h. Cats displayed hyperthermia, intense panting, and signs of heat stress, however, the discharge rate of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus was not significantly different from baseline at any time during heat exposure. Similarly, the activity of these neurons was not significantly altered at any time during an approximately 6-h long febrile response induced by the synthetic pyrogen muramyl dipeptide (50 μg/kg, i.v.). These results indicate that serotonergic unit activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus is not related to either the activation of behavioral or physiological mechanisms underlying heat defense, or to alterations in thermoregulatory mechanisms during the febrile response to exogenous pyrogen. Furthermore, because these neurons do not respond to an elevation in body temperature induced by either ambient heating or pyrogen, they do not appear to be directly temperature-sensitive. These results do not support a specific role for serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus in thermoregulation.
The Magnetic Distributor—Downcomer (MDD) for fluidized beds

Abstract This paper evaluates the performance of the magnetic valve for solids when used as a combined distributor—downcomer (MDD) for fluidized beds of magnetic solids. Two kinds of MDD, the grate and the collar designs, are selected for study, and regimes of behavior are mapped out in the form of phase diagrams. The difference in behavior of these designs is contrasted, and is found to be great. Also studied in detail are the bed pressure drop, power requirements, and the mass flux through the MDD when the current is intermittently applied, and hence when the solids are allowed to drop from the bed in a controlled way. We conclude that either design of MDD can be made to operate satisfactorily, and this opens the door to the possibility of developing reliable trouble-free multistage fluidized beds for solids which contain magnetic materials.
Using multimedia in large-scale computer-based testing programs

To measure problem solving and related cognitive constructs effectively, future generations of tests will need to include tasks more like those actually encountered in academic and work settings. The advent of computer-based tests makes the inclusion of such performance tasks more feasible. One way in which some tasks might be made more relevant is through multimedia, particularly by incorporating dynamic stimuli, such as audio, video, and animation. We give examples of how such stimuli might be employed to assess skill in history, physical education, and the sciences. In addition, we pose an initial set of issues for consideration by operational testing programs.
Vascular parameters from angiographic images

A system for display and analysis of neurological digital angiographic images is described. Images are archived along with patient data in a central database. The angiographic images can be displayed simultaneously with images from other modalities for study of anatomy. Digital videodensitometric techniques are used to calculate geometric and dynamic parameters from the angiographic image sequences.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Deposition of aerosols on surfaces in a turbulent channel flow

Abstract A digital simulation procedure for studying deposition of aerosol particles in a turbulent channel flow is developed. An empirical mean velocity profile and the experimental data for turbulent intensities are used in the analysis. The instantaneous fluctuating velocities are simulated as continuous Gaussian random fields. Effects of Brownian diffusion, Saffman lift force, gravity and particle-surface interactions are included in the computational model. Starting with an initially uniform concentration near the wall, ensembles of particle trajectories are generated and statistically analyzed. Several simulations for deposition of aerosol particles of various sizes are performed and the corresponding deposition velocities are evaluated. The results are compared with the existing experimental data and those obtained by empirical equations. The effect of particle rebound from surface on particle deposition rate is also studied.
The social psychology of cognitive repression

Erdelyi identifies cognitive and emotional motives for repression, but largely neglects social motivations. Yet social pressure to not know, and implicit needs to isolate awareness in order to protect relationships, are common motives. Social motives may even trump emotional motives; the most painful events are sometimes the most difficult to repress. Cognitive repression may be impacted by social information sharing.
1632 HYPEROXIA DAMAGES ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

When exposed to hyperoxia, patients and animals develop significant lung injury which may lead to respiratory failure and even death. Changes seen in lungs exposed to hyperoxia indicate that endothelial cell damage with vascular leak is a prominent and early feature of the pathophysiology of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. We hypothesized that hyperoxia directly damages endothelial cells, leading to vascular leak and compromise of gas exchange. To test this hypothesis, we exposed monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hyperoxia (95% O2 - 5% CO2) or normoxia (80% N2 - 15% O2 - 5% CO2) at ambient atmospheric pressure for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. We found that exposure to hyperoxia caused increasingly severe morphologic changes in endothelial cells, manifested by clumping of nuclear material and gross cytoplasmic disorganization. Such changes appeared in increasing proportions of cells between 24 and 96 hours of hyperoxic exposure, but were rarely seen in cells exposed to normoxia. These changes are quite similar to those found in the lung endothelial cells of animals exposed to hyperoxia. We also found increasing release of cytoplasmic lactic dehydrogenase from the hyperoxia-exposed but not normoxia-exposed cells. These results suggest that hyperoxia alone can damage pulmonary endothelial cells and support the possibility that this mechanism may contribute to the respiratory failure seen in oxygen toxicity.
Demonstration of specific receptors for fluoresceinated casein on human neutrophils and monocytes using flow cytometry

-Casein is chemotactic for human neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes. The binding of fluorescein (FITC) -conjugated casein (mixture ofα,β,and κ- casein) and purifiedα-casein to PMNs, monocytes, and lymphocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. These studies demonstrate that 75–95% of PMNs and 46–85% of monocytes have membrane receptors for casein while lymphocytes lack these receptors. The binding of FITC-casein and FITC-α-casein was specific and was blocked only by unlabeled casein andα-casein, but not by ovalbumin, bovine or human serum albumin,β-casomorphin, C5a, or formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP). The binding of FITC-casein was reversible when PMNs were stained with this fluorescent agent and subsequently incubated with unlabeled casein. Double-labeling studies of mononuclear cells using FITC-casein and the OKM1 monoclonal antibody in conjunction with a rhodamine conjugated anti-Ig second antibody demonstrate that mononuclear cells binding FITC-casein also stain with the OKM1 monoclonal antibody, indicating a specificity for monocytes.
Regulation of pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 expression by early growth response-1.

The homeodomain transcription factor pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a key regulator of pancreatic β-cell development, function, and survival. Deficits in PDX-1 expression result in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. We previously found that the glucose-responsive transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) activates the insulin promoter in part by increasing expression levels of PDX-1. We now report that Egr-1 binds and activates multiple regulatory sites within the pdx-1 promoter. We identified consensus Egr-1 recognition sequences within proximal and distal regions of the mouse pdx-1 promoter and demonstrated specific binding of Egr-1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Overexpression of Egr-1 increased transcriptional activation of the –4500 proximal pdx-1 promoter and of the highly conserved regulatory Areas I, II, and III. Mutagenesis of a specific Egr-1 binding site within Area III substantially decreased Egr-1-mediated activation. Egr-1 increased the transcriptional activation of Areas I and II, despite the absence of Egr-1 recognition sequences within this promoter segment, suggesting that Egr-1 also can regulate the pdx-1 promoter indirectly. Egr-1 increased, and a dominant-negative Egr-1 mutant repressed, the transcriptional activation of distal pdx-1 promoter sequences. Mutagenesis of a specific Egr-1 binding site within regulatory Area IV reduced basal and Egr-1-mediated transcriptional activation. Our data indicate that Egr-1 regulates expression of PDX-1 in pancreatic β-cells by both direct and indirect activation of the pdx-1 promoter. We propose that Egr-1 expression levels may act as a sensor in pancreatic β-cells to translate extracellular signals into changes in PDX-1 expression levels and pancreatic β-cell function.
Seizures in Children Following an Apparent Life-threatening Event

The characteristics of seizures and epilepsy in infants who have had an apparent life-threatening event have been poorly defined. Our objective was to characterize in depth the cohort of patients with apparent life-threatening events who developed seizures. We collected data from infants hospitalized for an apparent life-threatening event, and evaluated patients for subsequent seizures or chronic epilepsy. Of 471 patients with an apparent life-threatening event, 25 (5.3%) had seizures and 17 (3.6%) developed chronic epilepsy. There was no increased risk for febrile seizures. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging results and developmental delay were only found in those patients who developed chronic epilepsy. Of those who developed chronic epilepsy, 47% were diagnosed with seizures within 1 week of their apparent life-threatening event. The discharge diagnosis at the time of the apparent life-threatening event was poorly predictive of those who developed seizures. In most cases the cause of chronic epilepsy was unknown, although cortical dysplasias made up a significant percentage (12%).
Roman Legends and Luke—Acts

As a complement to his anti-imperial agenda, Luke undergirds his narrative with implicit nuances derived from the worthies (and not so worthy) of republican Rome. The Evangelist makes a case that the best of the Romans' pre-imperial history is available in this Jesus and his church. However one decides the question of the work's genre, these data confirm its full Romanita. In this regard, he is picking up a cue from Mark.
Evaluation and Management of Chronic Mitral Regurgitation

Foreword This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author's clinical recommendations. Stage A 56-year-old man with no history of cardiac disease and no cardiac symptoms has a holosystolic murmur at the apex that radiates to the axilla. Echocardiography shows moderate mitral regurgitation with mild left ventricular dilatation. How should this patient's care be managed? There are about 500,000 discharge diagnoses of mitral-valve disease annually in the United States.1 However, estimates of the prevalence of mitral regurgitation are confounded by the presence of benign flow murmurs in many adults and by the small amount of physiologic regurgitation detected on echocardiography in 80 percent of adults. Only about 18,000 patients undergo mitral-valve surgery . . .
Lorentz-Lorenz shift in an inhomogeneously broadened medium

A simple calculation shows that the Lorentz-Lorenz shift due to the local field correction remains significant in situations where the inhomogeneous broadening of a medium exceeds the homogeneous broadening. As an illustration, the calculated selective reflection signals of a low-density atomic vapor are presented, and it is shown that the Lorentz-Lorenz shift persists in the case where the line width is predominantly determined by the inhomogeneous Doppler width.
909-23 Increased Plaque Burden Affects Procedural Outcomes in Total Occlusions: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study

In an attempt to understand the pathology and results of transcatheter therapy of total occlusions, intravascular ultrasound imaging of 43 de novo total occlusions was compared to 620 focal, significant (quantitative angiographic diameter stenosis = 66 ± 15%), de novo, native vessel lesions in 465 males and 162 females ages 60 ± 12 yrs. Total occlusions were defined angiographically as abrupt vessel cutoff with TIMI 0 or 1 flow. Lesion site external elastic membrane (EEM), lumen, and plaque + media (P + M) cross-sectional areas and % cross-sectional narrowing (%CSN = P + M/EEM) were compared to a proximal reference site (most normal looking cross-section within 10 mm of the lesion, but before major side branches). Total Occlusion NonTotal p Reference EEM area (mm 2 ) 18.5 ± 7.6 19.4 ± 6.6 NS Reference lumen area (mm 2 ) 9.1 ± 4.0 96 ± 39 NS Reference % CSN 49.0 ± 12.5 49.6 ± 12.3 NS Pre-intervention ultrasound Lesion EEM area (mm 2 ) 248 ± 14.8 190 ± 62 0.0043 Lesion lumen area (mm 2 ) 1.3 1.9 ± 1.1 0.0013 Lesion P + M area (mm 2 ) 23.5 ± 14.8 17.1 ± 6.1 0.0013 Post-intervention ultrasound Lesion lumen area (mm 2 ) 5.1 ± 2.2 6.3 ± 2.5 0.0062 Lesion %CSN 73.3 ± 8.2 68.6 ± 10.7 0.0086 Reference site measurements were similar in total and nontotal occlusions. Total occlusions had a larger plaque mass (23.5 vs 17.1 mm 2 ), a difference that could not be explained by the small difference in pre-intervention lumen area (1.3 vs 1.9 mm 2 ). The larger plaque mass was associated with greater compensatory arterial remodeling (larger EEM area and lesion/reference EEM). A larger plaque mass also contributed to a larger postintervention %CSN. Furthermore, despite a similar pattern of transcatheter device use, the post-intervention lumen area was smaller in total occlusions. We Conclude Pre-intervention intravascular ultrasound imaging shows that despite significant compensatory dilatation, an increased plaque mass in total occlusions results in a smaller post-procedural lumen area and a larger residual %CSN. These findings may explain more frequent episodes of restenosis following angioplasty of total occlusions and may suggest a treatment strategy of aggressive plaque removal andlor stent placement in these lesions.
XSOL, A COMBINED INTEGRAL EQUATION (XRISM) AND QUANTUM MECHANICAL SOLVATION MODEL : FREE ENERGIES OF HYDRATION AND APPLICATIONS TO SOLVENT EFFECTS ON ORGANIC EQUILIBRIA

A combined XRISM integral equation and quantum mechanical solvation model (XSOL) is presented and tested for the computation of free energies of hydration of organic compounds. The method features the extended reference interaction site model (XRISM) for the description of solute−solvent interactions and a quantum mechanical representation of the solute molecule. A coupled self-consistent-field procedure is used to achieve the convergence of the solvent structural reorganization and the electronic polarization of the solute molecule in solution. The present XSOL model is tested through computation of free energies of hydration of a series of organic compounds and the medium dependence of a number of organic equilibria in solution. The method complements continuum self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) methods and explicit Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, and it is much more efficient than QM/MM simulation approaches for estimating solvent effects on organic processes in aqueous solution.
Phylogenetic analysis of GRAS proteins from moss, lycophyte and vascular plant lineages reveals that GRAS genes arose and underwent substantial diversification in the ancestral lineage common to bryophytes and vascular plants

GRAS genes are a large family of streptophyte specific transcription factors that function in a diverse set of physiological and developmental processes. GRAS proteins of the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) sub-family are required for maintenance of shoot and root indeterminacy. The transcriptional targets of HAM proteins and the signaling inputs regulating HAM activity are completely unknown. Understanding the relationship of HAM proteins to other members of the GRAS family may inform hypotheses relating to cellular level HAM functions. I here report a phylogenetic analysis of GRAS proteins employing the complete set of known and probable GRAS proteins from the sequenced genomes of the flowering plants Arabidopsis and Rice, the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii, and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. HAM proteins are most closely related to DELLA proteins, key components of gibberellin perception. However, GRAS proteins diversified into a minimum of twelve discreet monophyletic lineages, including the HAM and DELLA subfamilies, prior to divergence of the moss and flowering plant lineages. Substantial diversification of GRAS proteins at so early a point in land plant evolution suggests that relative relatedness sequence homology among GRAS proteins sub-families may not substantially reflect shared protein function.
Quantitative Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Vascular Closure Devices on the Femoral Artery after Repeat Cardiac Catheterization

Background We evaluated the exact quantitative long-term impact of repeated catheterizations, vascular closure devices, and cardiovascular risk factors on the femoral artery after cardiac catheterization. Methods A total of 2,102 available femoral angiograms from 827 consecutive patients were analyzed using caliper-based quantitative vascular analysis. These patients underwent coronary interventions between January 2005 and April 2007 and had at least one additional catheterization procedure through the ipsilateral femoral access site from December 2001 until January 2008. Multivariate analysis was performed to control for confounding variables. The primary outcome was change in artery size. Results The average punctured artery diameter was 6.5 ± 2.1 mm. The average time between the first case and last follow-up was 349 days. There was no significant change of the punctured artery size over time after the index procedure ( P = .15) and no change associated with the use of vascular closure devices ( P = .25) after multivariate analysis. Smaller arteries were associated with female gender (−1.22 mm, P P P = .001) or former (−0.23 mm, P = .01) smoking status, whereas previous statin therapy was associated with an increase in artery size (+0.47 mm, P P Conclusion Vascular closure devices are not associated with a change in the artery size or progression of PVD. Overall, there is no change in vessel size over time after repeat catheterizations, with a decrease in vessel size associated with current and former smoking and an increase with previous statin therapy.
Generalizing the analysis of PRM

This paper presents it novel analysis of the probabilistic roadmap method (PRM) for path planning. We formulate the problem in terms of computing the transitive closure of a relation over a probability space and give a bound in terms of the number of intermediate points for some path and the probability of choosing a point from a certain set. Explicit geometric assumptions are not necessary to complete this analysis and consequently it provides some unification of the previous work as well as generalizing new path planning problems, two of which, 2k-DOF kinodynamic point robots and deformable robots with force field control, are presented in this paper.
Congenital laryngeal hamartoma with ectopic thymus causing airway compromise in a neonate

Abstract To describe an interesting clinical and histopathologic case of a neonate presenting with respiratory distress and a laryngeal hamartoma with ectopic thymus and parathyroid tissue. Case report and PubMed review of the English literature. A full term, newborn male who presented immediately after birth with postitional, inspiratory stridor and airway distress. During operative microlaryngoscopy, a well-delineated, non-cystic, stalk-like mass was found in the endolarynx. Biopsy revealed thymic tissue with Hassall's corpuscles, parathyroid tissue and a central core of mature fibroadipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The mass was removed endoscopically with cold instrumentation. At 4 months postoperatively, the patient was doing well, without any respiratory symptoms, feeding difficulties, or endoscopic findings of recurrence. Neonatal laryngeal hamartomas are extremely rare. In general, an excellent prognosis is associated with these lesions, and the treatment of choice is endoscopic, surgical excision. This case is histopathologically unique because it is the first to encounter the presence of thymic and parathyroid tissue within a glandular hamartoma.
Firefly Luciferase in Chemical Biology: A Compendium of Inhibitors, Mechanistic Evaluation of Chemotypes, and Suggested Use As a Reporter

Summary Firefly luciferase (FLuc) is frequently used as a reporter in high-throughput screening assays, owing to the exceptional sensitivity, dynamic range, and rapid measurement that bioluminescence affords. However, interaction of small molecules with FLuc has, to some extent, confounded its use in chemical biology and drug discovery. To identify and characterize chemotypes interacting with FLuc, we determined potency values for 360,864 compounds found in the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository, available in PubChem. FLuc inhibitory activity was observed for 12% of this library with discernible SAR. Characterization of 151 inhibitors demonstrated a variety of inhibition modes, including FLuc-catalyzed formation of multisubstrate adduct enzyme inhibitor complexes. As in some cell-based FLuc reporter assays, compounds acting as FLuc inhibitors yield paradoxical luminescence increases, thus data on compounds acquired from FLuc-dependent assays require careful analysis as described here.
Runway schedule determination by simulation optimization

Many airport runway expansion projects are restricted by space limitations imposed by development in the vicinity of the airport. This often causes planners to choose configurations for new runways that limit the use of these runways in time and/or space. Studies that model airports with new runways that are not yet operational need to develop plausible operational models for these new runways since historical data is not available. We look at a runway schedule problem encountered during the configuration and validation step of an earlier study. We develop a method using simulation optimization to approach the runway schedule problem and compare it to a manual approach developed in the earlier study. We use the total airspace and airport modeler to model the airport and airspace operations and fast simulated annealing for the optimization.
User benefits of data link in the AERA environment

One of the key elements of the National Airspace System Plan is the advanced automation system (AAS), which provides new hardware and software to be used in ATC (air traffic control). An enhancement current to the AAS will be the automation capabilities collectively known as automated en route ATC (AERA). AERA is being designed with several goals in mind: to enhance safety, increase user benefits, increase controller productivity, and increase system capacity. To meet these goals, many AERA capabilities are being designed, one of which is the increased use of data link. AERA data link capabilities are described, showing how AERA's use of data link will provide user capabilities to accommodate requests better than has been possible in the past, while reducing the amount of verbal communication required with the aircrew and reducing communication errors. >
Meat and Meat Products

Knowledge of animal muscle and the process by which it is converted to food has developed considerably. Much of this progress has resulted from the great strides that have been made in the basic understanding of proteins. Basic work of this character has already been discussed in Chapter 6 on proteins. The electron miscroscope has been instrumental in the understanding of the structure of muscles. Along with proteins, fats in meat are important from the nutritional as well as functional standpoint.
Investigating Reliabilities of Intraindividual Variability Indicators

Reliabilities of the two most widely used intraindividual variability indicators, ISD (2) and ISD, are derived analytically. Both are functions of the sizes of the first and second moments of true intraindividual variability, the size of the measurement error variance, and the number of assessments within a burst. For comparison, the reliability of the intraindividual mean, [Formula: see text], is also derived. Simulations are conducted to confirm accuracy of the derived functions. The influences of different factors on the reliabilities of these indicators are also studied. Results show that the reliabilities of ISD (2) and ISD are lower than the reliability of [Formula: see text] in all studied conditions and the reliability of ISD is lower than that of ISD (2) in most studied conditions. The derived functions are applied to calculate the reliabilities of intraindividual variability indicators of negative affect measured over 56 days and perceptual-motor performance measured over five assessments. Implications for measurement-burst study designs are discussed.
Multilevel discretization of symmetric saddle point systems without the discrete LBB condition

Using an inexact Uzawa algorithm at the continuous level, we study the convergence of multilevel algorithms for solving saddle-point problems. The discrete stability Ladyshenskaya-Babusca-Brezzi (LBB) condition does not have to be satisfied. The algorithms are based on the existence of a multilevel sequence of nested approximation spaces for the constrained variable. The main idea is to maintain an accurate representation of the residual associated with the main equation at each step of the inexact Uzawa algorithm at the continuous level. The residual representation is approximated by a Galerkin projection. Whenever a sufficient condition for the accuracy of the representation fails to be satisfied, the representation of the residual is projected on the next (larger) space available in the prescribed multilevel sequence. Numerical results supporting the efficiency of the algorithms are presented for the Stokes equations and a div-curl system.
Near-Infrared Optical Imaging of Ovarian Cancer Xenografts with Novel α3-Integrin Binding Peptide “OA02”:

Through screening of random one-bead one-compound (OBOC) libraries, we previously identified cyclic peptides with the cDGXGXXc motif that bind to alpha3 integrin subunit on ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines ES-2, SKOV-3, and CaOV-3. We subsequently synthesized two secondary libraries based on this motif and identified new peptides that bound with a higher affinity to these cell lines. One of the peptides identified from the 20% "down-substituted" focused library was the c-dGHCitGPQ-c ("OA02") peptide. The goal of this study was to determine whether this peptide labeled with near-infrared probes could be detected after intravenous injection in ovarian tumor-bearing mice and if it would selectively localize in the tumor. Three different forms of this peptide were synthesized, "OA02"-biotin (noncovalently linked to streptavidin-Cy5.5); "OA02"-Cy5.5 and "OA02"-AlexaFluo 680. Using a KODAK IS2000MM image station, these peptide probes were used at the near-infrared (NIR) spectra to image nude mice bearing ES-2 (alpha3 integrin positive) and Raji (alpha3 integrin negative) xenografts. The peptide probe displayed highly specific tumor uptake within 15 min, which lasted for 70 min for "OA02"-Cy5.5 and "OA02"-AlexaFluo 680 and for 24 hours for "OA02"-biotin-streptavidin-Cy5.5. Some kidney and bladder signal were noted. Prior injection with anti-alpha3 monoclonal antibody blocked the binding of this peptide to the ES-2 tumors.
The CCL Guide to Leadership in Action: How Managers and Organizations Can Improve the Practice of Leadership

The article reviews the book “The CCL Guide to Leadership in Action: How Managers and Organizations Can Improve the Practice of Leadership,” edited by Martin Wilcox and Stephen Rush.
A GIANT NEW SPECIES OF NUKUPUU (FRINGILLIDAE: DREPANIDINI: HEMIGNATHUS) FROM THE ISLAND OF HAWAII

Abstract We describe a new species of drepanidine bird from a fossil found in a lava tube cave on the island of Hawaii. The bill of the new species combines a long, scimitar-like maxillary rostrum with a much shorter mandibular rostrum, giving the bird a most unusual appearance. The general bill form is shared with members of the drepanidine genus Hemignathus, to which the new species is referred, although it is quite distinct from other species of Hemignathus in aspects of its bill morphology and in its much larger body size. The scimitar-like maxilla appears to be adapted to probing in cracks or crevices and possibly to moving loose material, such as leaf detritus, to obtain invertebrate prey. The species became extinct <3,000 years ago.
Immunologische functie van de milt na embolisatie bij traumapatiënten

Na traumatisch miltletsel wordt naast operatie steeds vaker gekozen voor (a)selectieve coiling. Het vermoeden bestaat dat de immunologische functie van de milt daarmee gehandhaafd blijft, maar bewezen is dat nog niet. Voor de dagelijkse praktijk is het noodzakelijk een gemakkelijk te meten parameter te vinden om snel de resterende miltfunctie te kunnen bepalen. Dit om een weloverwogen keuze te kunnen maken voor eventuele vaccinaties en/of antibioticaprofylaxe om eenoverwhelming postsplenectomie infection (OPSI) te voorkomen. Voor deze review doorzochten we verschillende databases naar studies over de immunologische functie van de milt na embolisatie. Zeven studies werden gevonden. Veelal zijn de auteurs het erover eens dat de immunologische functie mogelijk gehandhaafd blijft, maar over een methode om dit objectief vast te stellen, is geen overeenstemming. Verder onderzoek is noodzakelijk om een betrouwbare en eenvoudige parameter te vinden voor het meten van de overgebleven miltfunctie na embolisatie.
Redactable signatures on data with dependencies and their application to personal health records

Storage of personal information by service providers risks privacy loss from data breaches. Our prior work on minimal disclosure credentials presented a mechanism to control the dissemination of personal information. In that work, personal data was broken into individual claims, which can be released in arbitrary subsets while still being cryptographically verifiable. In applying that work, we encountered the problem of connections between claims, which manifest as disclosure dependencies. In this work, we provide an efficient way to provide minimal disclosure, but with cryptographic enforcement of dependencies between claims, as specified by the claims certifier. This provides a mechanism for redactable signatures on data with disclosure dependencies. We show that an implementation of our scheme can verify thousands of dependent claims in tens of milliseconds. We also describe ongoing work in which the approach is being used within a larger system for dispensing personal health records.