cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stealthy attacks on pheromone swarming

In multi-agent systems, digital pheromone swarming algorithms are used to coordinate agents to achieve complex and intelligent behaviors. Studies have shown that pheromone swarming systems are versatile, efficient and resilient to failures, and thus are applicable in various scenarios such as border control, area coverage, target tracking, search and rescue, etc. Due to their reliance on wireless communication channels - which are vulnerable to interference and jamming attacks - it becomes important to study the security of these systems under malicious conditions. In this paper, we investigate the security of pheromone swarming under different types of jamming attacks. In particular, we expose new types of stealthy attacks that aim to maximize the damage inflicted on the swarm while reducing the risk of exposure. Unlike complete Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, the attacks exposed select which signal to interfere with based on the current state of the swarm. We have assessed the impact of the attacks through new metrics that expose the tradeoff between damage and cost. Our results show that the exposed attacks are more potent than traditional DoS-like attacks. Our results are obtained from simulation experiments and real physical implementation using a number of iRobot Create robots in our Mobile Cyber-Physical Systems lab.
Implementing Community-Based Prevention Programming: A Review of the Literature

In this review of literature we identify consensually validated conclusions and recommendations for implementing community based prevention programming. The general recommendations identified from the literature are as follows: (1) a community must be ready for a prevention program, (2) effective community coalitions must be developed, (3) programming must fit the community, (4) program fidelity should be maintained, and (5) adequate resources, training, technical assistance, and attention to evaluation are necessary. The existing research and expert opinion in the field of prevention science indicate that when these crucial recommendations are incorporated into community prevention practice, the effectiveness of prevention efforts is optimized.
A perfectly coupled transformer with a variable turn ratio

A variable three-terminal device (like a potentiometer) is used to achieve a perfect transformer action with a variable coupling in active networks.
Infection and preterm birth: evidence of a common causal relationship with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cerebral palsy.

: Subclinical genital tract infection has been clearly established as a significant cause of spontaneous preterm birth, particularly in early gestations. Bacterial vaginosis organisms rank highly among the pathogens involved in preterm labour and there is considerable beneficial evidence from the use of prophylactic antibiotics for women at high risk of preterm birth. The pathogenesis involves activation of macrophages and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is seen in the most immature of survivors and appears to be secondary to interruption of normal development and maturation of the lungs. The link between chorioamnionitis and lung injury in utero and subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has now been substantiated. Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines is implicated in the impairment of the fetal lung. A significant body of evidence supports the association between chorioamnionitis, periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral palsy. Biological mechanisms that explain the association between chorioamnionitis and fetal brain injury involve pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similarity in the pattern of expression of cytokines suggests a common pathway for the initiation of preterm labour and also injury to the lung and the central nervous system of the fetus.
Advances in lithium-ion battery research and technology

The lithium-ion battery market has undergone trememdous growth ever since Sony Corporation introduced the first commercial cell in 1990. In less than a decade, the field has become a front-runner in rechargeable battery technology. Sales of lithium-ion cells exceeded 400 million units in 1999, and the market is expected to exceed 1.1 billion units valued at more than $4 billion by 2005.
Behavioral laterality advance: Neuroanatomical evidence for the existence of hemisity

Abstract The new context of “Hemisity” has recently emerged. Hemisity asserts that a person is inherently either left or right brain-oriented in their thinking and behavioral styles. Such a binary situation would necessarily be demanded if there were only a single executive “observer” element, imbedded either on the left or right side of the brain. Because the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the site of a major executive element of the brain, the hypothesis of a unilateral observer would predict that some element of well-known ACC anatomical asymmetries should be congruent with a subject’s hemisity. Here, this hypothesis was confirmed by the MRI-based discovery that in 146 of 149 cases (98%), Areas 24 and 24′ of the ACC were on average almost 50% thicker on the same brain side as the subject’s predetermined hemisity. Based upon this, the localization of the larger side of the ACC was used as a primary standard to calibrate recently developed biophysical methods and derivative preference questionnaires as well-correlated secondary standards for the determination of hemisity in individuals and groups without the use of MRI.
National Bureau Of Standards (NBS) Self-Study Manual On Optical Radiation Measurements

The history of the NBS Self-Study Manual on Optical Radiation Measurements is briefly reviewed following a short introductory discussion of the needs from which it arose. Important features of the content are discussed in relation to the objectives of the Manual. The original plan for a three-part Manual is presented, followed by a listing (in Appendix I) of the chapters published to date and some discussion of two more that are nearly ready for publication. The remaining chapters and plans for their preparation to complete Part I--Concepts in the next two to three years are presented, followed by a brief summary of the funding situation on which this depends.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The use of neural network and discrete Fourier transform for real-time evaluation of friction stir welding

This paper introduces a novel real-time approach to detecting wormhole defects in friction stir welding in a nondestructive manner. The approach is to evaluate feedback forces provided by the welding process using the discrete Fourier transform and a multilayer neural network. It is asserted here that the oscillations of the feedback forces are related to the dynamics of the plasticized material flow, so that the frequency spectra of the feedback forces can be used for detecting wormhole defects. A one-hidden-layer neural network trained with the backpropagation algorithm is used for classifying the frequency patterns of the feedback forces. The neural network is trained and optimized with a data set of forge-load control welds, and the generality is tested with novel data set of position control welds. Overall, about 95% classification accuracy is achieved with no bad welds classified as good. Accordingly, the present paper demonstrates an approach for providing important feedback information about weld quality in real-time to a control system for friction stir welding.
Adjustable gastric banding for obesity: tightening the beltline.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the role of radiographic assessment in patients who had an adjustable laparoscopic gastric banding (ALGB) procedure for treatment of morbid obesity, and to evaluate the frequency and type of postoperative complications. The ALGB system used (LAP-BAND, Bio-Enterics, Carpinteria, CA) consists of an implantable silicon band that is placed around the proximal stomach to form a small pouch between the esophagus and remainder of the stomach. The band is connected by a catheter to a subcutaneously implanted port accessible for percutaneous puncture and injection and aspiration of fluid, so that the stomal width can easily be adjusted at any time. A total of 98 patients (18 men and 80 women, mean age = 39 yr, mean body weight = 132 kg, mean body mass index = 47.1 kg/m 2 ) underwent ALGB. Fluoroscopy was performed postoperatively in all patients to confirm band position and to exclude perforation, and at 6–8 wk later to measure and adjust the stomal size for optimal weight loss. Twelve months after the procedure all patients had further radiographic examinations; patients with unsatisfactory weight loss or those suspected of having complications were studied earlier and on several occasions. At each examination, band position, size and shape of the proximal gastric pouch, stomal width, and presence or absence of complications were evaluated. Results showed that port puncture was feasible in all patients, and stomal adjustments could be repeated at ease. Total weight loss after 1 yr ranged from 8.8% to 39.2% (mean = 18.3%). Twenty patients showed unsatisfactory weight loss. No early complications occurred, but late complications affected 34 patients; these included pouch dilation (concentric or eccentric with posterior slippage, n = 18), eccentric band herniation (n = 6), band penetration (n = 2), disconnection (n = 1), axial pouch herniation (n = 1), and port site infection (n = 6). The authors conclude that ALGB is an effective method in the treatment of morbid obesity. Radiographic assessments are crucial in the management of weight loss and detection of postoperative complications.
Career outreach on the college campus

Given the way today's students want information, career centers must develop some outreach programming to remain viable on campus. While it raises the critical issues of staffing, budget and time constraints, there are ways to expand our outreach efforts without severe impact. By assessing the programming needs of students on your specific campus and exploring cost reduction measures such as student staffing and multi-use materials, you can create an impressive outreach program that will provide “just in time” information to students when and where they will find it beneficial.
Quasimode Statistics in Localized Random Media

We have measured field spectra on a grid of points on the output surface of a quasi-one-dimensional random sample. The statistics of quasimodes is obtained by decomposing the spectra into sums of Lorentzian lines.
A multivariate mixture of Weibull distributions in reliability modeling

A new class of multivariate distribution is derived where each component is a mixture of Weibull distribution. The approach in this paper is based on the introduction of an exponentially distributed latent random variable. The new class includes several multivariate and bivariate models including Marshall and Olkin type. The moment generating function and, hence, the correlation structure is obtained for the bivariate situation. The distribution of the minimum in a competing risk framework is discussed and various other properties including correlation structures are investigated.
Glial Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) Generates Metaplastic Inhibition of Spinal Learning

Injury-induced overexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the spinal cord can induce chronic neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity that ultimately undermines functional recovery. Here we investigate how TNFα might also act to upset spinal function by modulating spinal plasticity. Using a model of instrumental learning in the injured spinal cord, we have previously shown that peripheral intermittent stimulation can produce a plastic change in spinal plasticity (metaplasticity), resulting in the prolonged inhibition of spinal learning. We hypothesized that spinal metaplasticity may be mediated by TNFα. We found that intermittent stimulation increased protein levels in the spinal cord. Using intrathecal pharmacological manipulations, we showed TNFα to be both necessary and sufficient for the long-term inhibition of a spinal instrumental learning task. These effects were found to be dependent on glial production of TNFα and involved downstream alterations in calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. These findings suggest a crucial role for glial TNFα in undermining spinal learning, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting TNFα activity to rescue and restore adaptive spinal plasticity to the injured spinal cord. TNFα modulation represents a novel therapeutic target for improving rehabilitation after spinal cord injury.
Review of "Planning to meet software deadlines by Walsh, Dorothy." in Proc. 6th Australian computer conf., Vol. 2, (Sydney, May 20-24, 1974), 1974, 480-490

This article should be read and discussed by everyone connected with computer science education. The data collected by the authors has been needed for some time. In view of the employment problem for new P.D.'s in other scientific fields, we certainly need data on the past and present employment pattern of computer science Ph.D.'s so we can better plan for the future. Though the authors have limited the study to Ph.D.-producing departments, the results are valuable and interesting. One area where more data would be very helpful is to learn the needs and requirements from non-Ph.D.-producing colleges and universities. It has been noted informally for several years that this will be one of the biggest markets for new Ph.D.'s. The authors also are aware of this from remarks they make, so possibly they will include such data in their follow-up studies.
Investigating linear and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior using model silica-particle-filled polybutadiene

We explore filler reinforcement (i.e., increase of elastic modulus G‘ due to incorporation of fillers) and Payne effect (i.e., decrease of G‘ at large strain amplitudes) in terms of the matrix molecular weight, filler loading, and time scales used to probe the viscoelasticity of filled melts. Use of monodisperse non-cross-linked 1,4-polybutadiene (PBD) along with a silica filler allows illustration of different mechanisms of filler reinforcement in the elastic and liquid regimes. The greater filler reinforcement for matrices of higher molecular weight indicates the filler association through chain adsorption and bridging. The role of matrix-mediated filler−filler interactions is explicitly illustrated in terms of the increased elastic modulus in the terminal region due to replacement a fraction of the matrix chains with longer chains of the same kind. The Payne effect is seen to be time-dependent and comprised of an instantly recoverable and a slowly recovering component. Measuring G‘ at both high and low...
Creating an academic self‐documentation system through digital library interoperability: The RePEc model

Cooperative cataloguing and collaborative resource description have a long and distinguished tradition in library services. The ubiquitous nature of the Internet presents new possibilities for the effective sharing of bibliographic data; imparts a more synergetic relationship between resource origin, description, and delivery; and represents the vanguard for a paradigmatic shift in library work. As an example, this paper discusses an effort led by Thomas Krichel to improve the resource description of scientific papers and their authorities in the field of Economics. The RePEc Economics Library provides access to the largest distributed source of freely disseminated scientific preprints in the world.
Preparation of Brain Slices for Macroscopic Study by the Copper Sulfate-Phenol-Ferrocyanide Technique

The technique of Mulligan (J. Anat., 65: 468–72, 1931) for preparing gross brain slices has been modified to include improvements in fixation, slicing and staining. The iron alum-tannic acid steps have been eliminated and potassium ferrocyanide substituted. Washing times have been reduced and a detailed routine for fixation and slicing developed. After postmortem removal, human brains were perfused with 40% formalin and kept suspended in 10% formalin for 2–4 wk. Serial slices, 4 mm thick, were cut with an electrically driven rotary-blade meat slicer, washed in running water for 12 hr, immersed in CuSO4-phenol solution (0.5%: 5%) at 60 C for 6 min, washed again in running water for 5 min, and then treated with a 2% solution of potassium ferrocyanide until a red-brown color developed in the gray matter, usually within 30–60 sec. The slices were then washed again for 5 min and stored in 10% formalin. Brains of patients over 60 yr of age frequently stained poorly and were not used.
Ulnar artery thrombosis and the role of interposition vein grafting: Patency with microsurgical technique

Eight consecutive cases of chronic ulnar artery thrombosis at the wrist managed with microsurgical interposition vein grafting were evaluated for long-term patency and clinical results. At a minimum of one-year follow-up, seven of eight vein grafts (88%) were patent by Doppler and Allen's tests. For the patent grafts, functional results were excellent in four (57%) and improved in three. For the nonpatent graft, the function was not improved. Patent vein grafts restored the pulse volume recording amplitudes in painful digits to normal in six of seven cases, although slow rewarming after ice immersion suggested residual vasospastic disease in two. The most favorable outcomes were in (1) nonsmokers, with (2) a single, distinctly recalled history of trauma. to the palm, and (3) preoperative symptoms of less than 5 months' duration before treatment. Interposition vein grafts can be used to restore pulsatile digital blood flow to painful digits after thrombosis of the ulnar artery.
A high precision close‐loop programmable CMOS delay generator for UWB and time domain RF applications

This article presents a novel programmable high precision delay generator with adjustable digital control for ultra-wideband and time-domain RF applications.Ring oscillator based phase locked loop (PLL) is embedded to achieve desired propagation delay in the delay cell against process, temperature, and power supply variations. A replica inverter delay line parallel to the PLL offers a separate delay path for input clock. Sub-nanosecond delay step with high accuracy can be obtained by shaping the input clock slope and keeping a careful matching between the replica delay line and the delay cell in PLL. The prototype of the delay generator is implemented on a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The measurement results show relative delay error of 0.8%. The circuit consumes 9.5 mA from a 1.8-V power supply. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:390–392, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25732
Modeling of buried biomass effects on ground penetrating radar

Recent data suggest that the performance of ground penetrating radar (GPR) may be impaired by buried biomass, e.g. tree roots. In this paper, we focus on a model to obtain the scattering characteristics of tree roots, which is the first step in studying the effects of roots on GPR. We begin with the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), an algorithm that can be used to compute fields scattered from dielectric objects of arbitrary shape. Next, the use of the DDA to model scattering from tree roots for the ground-contacting antenna used in experiments is described. Results show that spatial and temporal properties of the simulated data are similar to those of the experiments.
CENTROGRAPHY AND GEOSTATISTICS

(1970). CENTROGRAPHY AND GEOSTATISTICS. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 15-19.
Path following for marine surface vessels with rudder and roll constraints: An MPC approach

The problem of path following for marine surface vessels using the rudder control is addressed in this paper. The need to enforce the roll constraints and the fact that the rudder actuation is limited in both amplitude and rate make the model predictive control (MPC) approach a natural choice. The MPC design is based on a linearized model for computational and implementation considerations, while the evaluation of the performance of MPC controller is performed on a nonlinear 4 degree of freedom surface vessel model. The simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the resulting controller and a simulation based tuning process for the controller is also presented. Furthermore, the performance of the path following MPC control in wave fields is evaluated using an integrated maneuvering and seakeeping model, and the simulation confirms its robustness.
Thermal metrology techniques for UV LED light sources

In this study, we highlight the use of micro-Raman spectroscopy to measure vertical temperature gradients within Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), ranging from the temperature of the growth substrate, the temperature of regions adjacent to the MQWs, as well as the p-GaN contact layer adjacent to the p-contact metallization. Depth-sensitive micro-Raman temperature measurements are compared with IR spectroscopy temperature measurements, for two types of device architectures. It was found that the temperature rises of the interior layers of the device are higher than those measured by IR thermography. Device peak temperatures shown by IR thermography are also compared to peak temperatures from a thermal finite element analysis (FEA) model for one type of device architecture and were found to agree closely. This study focuses mainly on the thermometry and thermal analysis of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) with some additional discussion on blue LEDs.
Review Of Recommendations Of The Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, On Varicella Vaccine

After US licensure of the Merck varicella vaccine for immunocompetent persons on 17 March 1995, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices finalized draft recommendations for varicella prevention in the public health sector. These recommendations call for routine vaccination of children at age 12-18 months with a single dose of the vaccine. Varicella vaccine preferably should be given to children at the same time they receive measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and may be given at the same time as other vaccines recommended at this age. Children ages 18 months to 12 years who have not been vaccinated as part of the routine schedule and who lack a reliable history of varicella should be vaccinated. Vaccination is desirable for persons ≥13 years old without a reliable history of varicella. Special efforts should be made to assess the immunity of and to vaccinate susceptible persons who have close contact with persons at high risk for complications, including family contacts of immunocompromised individuals and health care workers.
Micromachined capacitive transducers with improved optical detection for ultrasound applications in air

Diffraction based integrated optical detection method for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) can provide better receiver sensitivity without compromising transmit power as compared to conventional capacitance detection schemes especially for transducers operating below 1 MHz. This makes the method suitable for ultrasound applications and implementation of transducer arrays operating in air. The detection sensitivity of the method is improved by 11 dB forming a Fabry-Perot cavity structure in the transducer membrane-substrate gap, as predicted by calculations. The cavity is fabricated by depositing approximately 20 nm thick semi transparent silver layer under the grated bottom electrode. The optical detection scheme also allows one to obtain signals from individual elements of 1-D and 2-D cMUT membrane arrays for ultrasonic array imaging. This capability is demonstrated by imaging wire targets at 750 kHz using receive only synthetic aperture reconstruction.
Pro-Nets Versus No-Nets: Differences in Urban Older Adults' Predilections for Internet Use

Enthusiasm for information technology (IT) is growing among older adults. Many older adults enjoy IT and the Internet (Pro-Nets), but others have no desire to use it (No-Nets). This study found that Pro-Nets and No-Nets were different on a number of variables that might predict IT use. No-Nets were older, had less education and income, were retired, in poor health, and less active than Pro-Nets. No-Nets potentially have the most to gain from access to—and training inusing—the Internet as a health management tool. Further research with this population could inform the development of health-related web based interventions.
Schools, Social Capital and Children of Color

(2003). Schools, Social Capital and Children of Color. Race Ethnicity and Education: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 71-94.
English- and French-Canadian Children's Perception of the October Crisis

Summary The purpose of this study was to examine English-Canadian and French-Canadian children's attitudes toward the October Crisis in Quebec. Three questions were examined. In the first place, the data indicated that all children were well aware of the kidnapping of Cross and the murder of Laporte. But many young children tended to assign the responsibility for these events on the basis of cultural rather than political membership. Second, the data indicated that French-Canadian children were frequently critical of the Canadian government's application of emergency measures. Finally, the findings revealed that while most children were critical of the actions of the Front de Liberation du Quebec, some backlash of sympathy for the terrorists occurred among French-Canadians.
Children’s and adolescent’s self - assessment of metabolic control versus professional judgment: a cross-sectional retrospective and prospective cohort study

Morbidity and mortality in T1DM depend on metabolic control, which is assessed by HbA1c measurements every 3–4 months. Patients’ self-perception of glycemic control depends on daily blood glucose monitoring. Little is known about the congruence of patients’ and professionals’ perception of metabolic control in T1DM. To assess the actual patients’ self-perception and objective assessment (HbA1c) of metabolic control in T1DM children and adolescents and to investigate the possible factors involved in any difference. Patients with T1DM aged 8 – 18 years were recruited in a cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective cohort study. Data collection consisted of clinical details, measured HbA1c, self-monitored blood glucose values and questionnaires assessing self and professionals’ judgment of metabolic control. 91 patients participated. Mean HbA1c was 8.03%. HbA1c was higher in patients with a diabetes duration > 2 years (p = 0.025) and in patients of lower socioeconomic level (p = 0.032). No significant correlation was found for self-perception of metabolic control in well and poorly controlled patients. We found a trend towards false-positive memory of the last HbA1c in patients with a HbA1c > 8.5% (p = 0.069) but no difference in patients’ knowledge on target HbA1c between well and poorly controlled patients. T1DM patients are aware of a target HbA1c representing good metabolic control. Ill controlled patients appear to have a poorer recollection of their HbA1c. Self-perception of actual metabolic control is similar in well and poorly controlled T1DM children and adolescents. Therefore, professionals should pay special attention that ill controlled T1DM patients perceive their HbA1c correctly.
TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY WITH EXPOSURE OF THE URETER.

Abstract 1. A reappraisal of the present-day techniques for total abdominal hysterectomy reveals that the time-honored principle of adequate exposure of vital structures is not practiced. 2. The common denominators associated with urinary tract injury during pelvic operation can be overcome and specific injuries to the ureter and bladder virtually eliminated by the practice of a true anatomic pelvic dissection. 3. The technique of a true anatomic dissection with exposure of the ureter during total abdominal hysterectomy is presented here. 4. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique are discussed.
Transforming growth factor-β1 enhances the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by the IEC-18 intestinal epithelial cell line

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are known to produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). However, MCP-1 production, as with many other cytokines, can be regulated by a network of cytokines present in the environment of the IEC. Both IEC and inflammatory cells have been shown to produce transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and the regulatory effect of this cytokine on MCP-1 secretion by IEC has not been determined. Using the IEC-18 cell line, we have found that TGF-β1 alone induced the secretion of high levels of MCP-1. Treatment with TGF-β1 also enhanced the levels of MCP-1 messenger ribonucleic acid. However, costimulation of the cells with TGF-β1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) resulted in significant, but less than additive, increases in MCP-1 secretion. Finally, the enhancing effect of TGF-β1 on MCP-1 secretion was not due to IL-6. These results suggest that TGF-β1 from IEC or inflammatory cells may significantly enhance the secretion of MCP-1 by IEC and play an important role in inflamed mucosal tissues.
ICU Deaths in Patients With Advanced Cancer Reasonable Criteria to Decrease Potentially Inappropriate Admissions and Lack of Benefit of Advance Planning Discussions

Background:A significant number of advanced cancer admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) are inappropriate in that they do not result in prolonged survival. No clear consensus criteria for re...
Modern Asclepieions

Modern asclepieions1 are new types of the famous Asclepieions of the ancient Greek world where people were flocking for cures. They were developed in local places which promoted health and culture in an integral and harmonious way. In modern asclepieions telematic technologies can make a reality of the concepts of equity of access' and citizen empowerment', while at the same time providing for social interaction and participation to be promoted for the benefit of all and in particular for the less privileged and those in need.
Iridium porphyrins in CD3OD: reduction of Ir(III), CD3-OD bond cleavage, Ir-D acid dissociation and alkene reactions.

Methanol solutions of iridium(III) tetra(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin [(TSPP)IrIII] form an equilibrium distribution of methanol and methoxide complexes ([(TSPP)IrIII(CD3OD)(2–n)(OCD3)n](3+n)–). Reaction of [(TSPP)IrIII with dihydrogen (D2) in methanol produces an iridium hydride [(TSPP)IrIII–D(CD3OD)]4– in equilibrium with an iridium(I) complex ([(TSPP)IrI(CD3OD)]5–). The acid dissociation constant of the iridium hydride (Ir–D) in methanol at 298 K is 3.5 × 10–12. The iridium(I) complex ([(TSPP)IrI(CD3OD)]5–) catalyzes reaction of [(TSPP)IrIII–D(CD3OD)]4– with CD3–OD to produce an iridium methyl complex [(TSPP)IrIII–CD3(CD3OD)]4– and D2O. Reactions of the iridium hydride with ethene and propene produce iridium alkyl complexes, but the Ir–D complex fails to give observable addition with acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide in methanol. Reaction of the iridium hydride with propene forms both the isopropyl and propyl complexes with free energy changes (ΔG° 298 K) of −1.3 and −0.4 kcal mol–1 respectively. Equilib...
Fenoxycarb and Diapause: A Possible Method of Control for Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae)

That analogs or mimics of insect juvenile hormones could be used to control insects by disrupting their diapause, thus uncoupling the target insects from the seasonal cycles of their environment, was once considered a promising possibility for insect management. The animals would die during an inimical period because survival mechanisms are lacking. However, laboratory studies revealed no promising model system and the concept languished. I found that the reproductive diapause of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), was terminated by topical application of as little as 1 ng per insect of fenoxycarb, a carbamate that mimics juvenile hormone. Seasonally inappropriate ovarian development and mating began when fenoxycarb was applied to the foliage upon which adults fed and rested. The same effect was shown in field tests. Disruption of diapause with juvenoids may still be a viable strategy for insect pest management.
Research and Design of Framework of IT Operation and Maintenance Service Management of Fire Force Based on ITIL

Analyzes the fire forces IT operation and maintenance management status,in-depth analysis of the problems that exist in the the fire forces IT operation and maintenance management,ITIL theory as the guiding ideology,to explore building ITIL-based the fire forces IT operation and maintenance management system,in order to optimize the IT operation and maintenance servicesmode,operation and maintenance platform and workflow,improve the management level of IT operation and maintenance services.
Numerical Estimation in Children for Both Positive and Negative Numbers

Numerical estimation has been used to study how children mentally represent numbers for many years (e.g., Siegler & Opfer, 2003). However, these studies have always presented children with positive numbers and positive number lines. Children’s mental representation of negative numbers has never been addressed. The present study tested children in the 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades to assess their mental representations of both positive and negative numbers using a standard numerical estimation task. We replicated the shift from a logarithmic to linear representation for positive numbers (0–1,000 scale) in that 2nd graders represented positive numbers logarithmically, but 4th and 6th graders represented the numbers linearly. Furthermore, children’s representation of negative numbers paralleled their representations of positive numbers and showed the same shift from a logarithmic representation at Grade 2 to linear representations at Grades 4 and 6. This is the first study to provide data on children’s representa...
Towards flexible binderless anodes: silicon/carbon fabrics via double-nozzle electrospinning

Flexible electrodes (C–Si/C) composed of Si/C fibers trapped in carbon fiber frames via double-nozzle electrospinning improve the cycling stability and rate capability of Si/C fabrics. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) has been demonstrated as a superior carbon matrix for Si compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) annealed using the same heat-treatment process.
Impacts of IPM on Vegetable Production in the Tropics

Integrated pest management (IPM) seeks to manage pests in an economically efficient and environmentally sound manner. Given the multiplicity of IPM practices on tropical vegetables, and the diversity and levels of impacts, no one method is suitable for all IPM impact assessments. Due, in part, to the cost of rigorous assessment, IPM impact studies have been selective in the programs and practices targeted for evaluation and have varied in their depth. This chapter provides a summary of economic and environmental impact assessments of IPM on tropical vegetables. It focuses primarily, but not exclusively, on studies completed on the IPM CRSP (IL). Methods for measuring IPM impacts are briefly reviewed, followed by results of empirical studies. Finally lessons are drawn for IPM programs and for IPM impact assessment. The total estimated impacts of IPM on tropical vegetables exceed $500 million for just the small set of careful empirical evaluations that have been completed, making tropical vegetable IPM research and extension a highly-profitable public investment.
Collision avoidance road test for COLREGS-constrained autonomous vehicles

Recently developed algorithms quantify and subsequently evaluate COLREGS performance in collision avoidance scenarios based on vessel track data. Combining these evaluation algorithms with proposed categories of COLREGS rules allows for testing of collision avoidance performance in accordance with protocol requirements. This paper proposes a “road test” framework for autonomous marine vehicles prior to operating outside of a testing environment. Testing and certifying agencies may adopt the proposed categories of scope and testing attributes while determining the appropriate parameters for evaluation. Adapting the evaluation criteria to several thresholds would allow for various levels of certification and locally-tailored customs. Generalization to human operators and other domains such as Rules of the Air is proposed.
PollEverywhere: a web 2.0 tool to promote student engagement in classrooms

Due to the fact that a large amount of material must be taught in a relatively short amount of time, introductory computer programming courses are often frustrating to students [1]. How to improve student comprehension of course content to improve student satisfaction and engagement has a great impact on the likelihood of students' successful school completion [2].
Surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles determines the biocorona composition impacting cellular uptake, toxicity and gene expression profiles in human endothelial cells.

AbstractThis study investigated the role of nanoparticle size and surface chemistry on biocorona composition and its effect on uptake, toxicity and cellular responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), employing 40 and 80 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) with branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI), lipoic acid (LA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings. Proteomic analysis identified 59 hard corona proteins among the various AuNP, revealing largely surface chemistry-dependent signature adsorbomes exhibiting human serum albumin (HSA) abundance. Size distribution analysis revealed the relative instability and aggregation inducing potential of bare and corona-bound BPEI-AuNP, over LA- and PEG-AuNP. Circular dichroism analysis showed surface chemistry-dependent conformational changes of proteins binding to AuNP. Time-dependent uptake of bare, plasma corona (PC) and HSA corona-bound AuNP (HSA-AuNP) showed significant reduction in uptake with PC formation. Cell viability studies demonstrated dose-depende...
Critical Evaluation of Hazards Operability Versus Safety Integrity Risk Analysis Techniques

Many companies follow very systematic methodology for carrying out execution of Mega projects. Project risks are identified, analyzed and proposed mitigation actions are identified and agreed upon....
Accessibility Between the European Union and East-Central Europe: Analysis of Market Potential and Aggregate Travel

Two geographers utilize market potential and aggregate travel models to assess the relative market accessibility between: (a) selected regions within the European Union and (b) regions in five emerging free-market countries in East-Central Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia). Population size and GDP are used as indicators of regional attraction and passenger rail times between regional urban centers as one measure of intervening distance. Results of the investigation provide an indication of which regions in the European Union and East-Central Europe may benefit most from expanded trade and increasing economic integration within a future EU framework. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F10, F14, F15. 8 figures, 5 tables, 46 references.
Invasive and Interventional Procedures

Acute respiratory failure represents one of the most common causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in patients with hematologic or solid cancer. Malignant central airway obstruction, massive hemoptysis, and malignant pleural effusion represent common causes of airway compromise, ICU admission, and possible increased need for mechanical ventilation. In this chapter we will discuss potential therapeutic strategies that might provide successful symptomatic relief, possible liberation from mechanical ventilation, and a better opportunity for definitive surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy treatment.
Security investment under cognitive constraints: A Gestalt Nash equilibrium approach

With the increasing connectivity enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), security becomes a critical concern, and the users should invest to secure their IoT applications. Due to the massive devices in the IoT network, users cannot be aware of the security policies taken by all its connected neighbors. Instead, a user makes security decisions based on the cyber risks he perceives by observing a selected number of nodes. To this end, we propose a model which incorporates the limited attention or bounded rationality nature of players in the IoT. Specifically, each individual builds a sparse cognitive network which includes the users to respond to. Based on this simplified cognitive network representation, each user then determines his security investment policy by minimizing his own real-world security cost. The bounded rational decision-makings of players and their cognitive network formations are interdependent, and thus should be addressed in a holistic manner. We propose a Gestalt Nash equilibrium (GNE) solution concept to characterize the decisions of agents. Then, we design a proximal-based iterative algorithm to compute the GNE and show its convergence. With case studies to smart home communities, the designed algorithm can successfully identify the critical users whose decisions need to be taken into account by the other users during the security investment.
Non-variational global coordinates for Teichmüller spaces

Let Γ be a terminal, torsion free, (regular) b-group of type (p, n), 2p — 2 + n > 0. Maskit [M3] has observed that the deformation space T(Γ) is a model for the Teichmuller space T(p, n) of Riemann surfaces of finite analytic type (p, n) (because Γ represents a surface of type (p,n) on its invariant component and, in general, 2p — 2 + n thrice punctured spheres— the latter carry no moduli). He showed that the group Γ can be constructed from 3p — 3 + n terminal b-groups of type (1, 1) or (0, 4) (hence with a one dimensional deformation space). Each one dimensional Teichmuller space can be identified with U, the upper half plane—the Teichmuller space of the torus.
Aspectual categories that overlap: A historical and dialectal perspective of the Chinese zhe

Recent studies of the Modern Mandarin aspectual marker zhe have found that as an imperfective marker it typically signals a stative resultant situation. In various modern Chinese dialects, the cognates of zhe, however, can also mark perfect, perfective, inchoative, and progressive aspects, as well as locative. By examining various uses of zhe's cognates in modern Chinese languages and in historical texts, this paper finds that the imperfective zhe may arise from its uses as a directive verb in Middle Chinese. Furthermore, the imperfective and perfect aspects in Modern Wu are used interchangeably in situations related to resultative senses. It is further hypothesized that it is this type of semantic overlapping that provides important links leading to the genesis of the various aspectual meanings of zhe's cognates. The paper concludes that there are no clear-cut semantic boundaries among the Chinese aspectual categories.
MECHANISMS OF MONOVALENT CATION ACTION IN ENZYME CATALYSIS : THE TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE ALPHA -, BETA -, AND ALPHA BETA -REACTIONS

The α-subunit of the tryptophan synthase bienzyme complex catalyzes the formation of indole from the cleavage of 3-indolyl-d-glyceraldehyde 3‘-phosphate, while the β-subunit utilizes l-serine and the indole produced at the α-site to form tryptophan. The replacement reaction catalyzed by the β-subunit requires pyridoxal 5‘-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. The β-reaction occurs in two stages: in stage I, the first substrate, l-Ser, reacts with the enzyme-bound PLP cofactor to form an equilibrating mixture of the l-Ser Schiff base, E(Aex1), and the α-aminoacrylate Schiff base intermediate, E(A-A); in stage II, this intermediate reacts with the second substrate, indole, to form tryptophan. Monovalent cations (MVCs) are effectors of these processes [Woehl, E., and Dunn, M. F. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 9466−9476]. Herein, detailed kinetic dissections of stage II are described in the absence and in the presence of MVCs. The analyses presented complement the results of the preceding paper [Woehl, E., and Dunn, M. F....
Molecular Genetic Approaches to Improving Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

Recent advances in plant biotechnology may play crucial roles in the development of superior crop plants with better environmental stress tolerance and higher yield potential under stressful conditions. Appropriate research strategies are, however, required to harvest the fruits of this recent explosion of information in the field of molecular genetics. Most crop plants such as wheat, rice, corn, sorghum, soybean and cotton suffer from heat and drought stress conditions during their normal growth cycles and their yield as well as quality are seriously affected by such environments. Designed genetic modifications of existing crop plants may provide a suitable means to develop plants with improved productivity and quality in stressful environments. However, no cultivar in any crop species has yet been developed and released by introducing a specific stress tolerance gene or by using a molecular marker-aided selection. The main reason for this deficiency is the polygenic nature of the stress tolerance traits which makes it difficult to identify a single gene conferring stress tolerance in crop plants. Most of the data collected in stress tolerance research is correlative and cause and effect relationships have rarely been addressed. In this review, we present the current status of knowledge in the field of molecular biology and molecular markers for heat and drought stress tolerance in crop plants.
On the Dispersal of Large Particles in the Atmosphere

The process by which large airborne particles move farther apart with time in our atmosphere is investigated by means of simple examples and arguments.
Effects of Joint Video Modeling on Unscripted Play Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have marked deficits in pretend play that impede interactions with typically developing peers in inclusive early childhood settings. This study aimed to teach three young children with ASD to engage in pretend play behaviors with their peers. A multiple probe across participants experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of joint video modeling on scripted and unscripted verbalizations and scripted and unscripted play actions of children with ASD. The participants showed improvement on unscripted verbalizations during pretend play with typically developing peers in an inclusive early childhood setting.
Mr. Rogers: A radical social studies teacher?

Could Mr. Rogers—the White, heterosexual, man in a sweater and tie—be a radical force that pushed the boundariess of race, gender, and human dignity?The documentary, Won’t You Be My Neighbor?, debu...
Impacts of the North Atlantic Warming Hole in Future Climate Projections: Mean Atmospheric Circulation and the North Atlantic Jet

AbstractIn future climate simulations there is a pronounced region of reduced warming in the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean known as the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH). This study in...
Tumor-Stroma Proportion as a Predictive Biomarker of Resistance to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Ovarian Cancer.

This study assesses tumor-stroma proportion and compares this finding with the development of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in women newly diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma.