cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microdevices for Nanomedicine

This review surveys selected methods of manufacture and applications of microdevices—miniaturized functional devices capable of handling cell and tissue cultures or producing particles—and discusses their potential relevance to nanomedicine. Many characteristics of microdevices such as miniaturization, increased throughput, and the ability to mimic organ-specific microenvironments are promising for the rapid, low-cost evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of nanomaterials. Their potential to accurately reproduce the physiological environments that occur in vivo could reduce dependence on animal models in pharmacological testing. Technologies in microfabrications and microfluidics are widely applicable for nanomaterial synthesis and for the development of diagnostic devices. Although the use of microdevices in nanomedicine is still in its infancy, these technologies show promise for enhancing fundamental and applied research in nanomedicine.
Morbidity and Mortality Rates After Maxillomandibular Advancement for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Purpose To compare morbidity and mortality rates in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) versus dentofacial deformity (DFD) patients undergoing equivalent maxillofacial surgical procedures. Patients and Methods Patients with OSA who underwent maxillomandibular advancement with genial tubercle advancement in the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from December 2002 to June 2011 were matched to patients with DFD undergoing similar maxillofacial procedures during the same period. They were compared regarding demographic variables, medical comorbidities, perioperative management, intraoperative complications, early and late postoperative complications, and mortality rate. Results A study group of 28 patients with OSA and a control group of 26 patients with DFD were compared. The patients with OSA were older (41.9 ± 12.5 years vs 21.7 ± 8.6 years), had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (2.0 ± 0.5 vs 1.3 ± 0.6), and had a higher body mass index (29.6 ± 4.7 kg/m 2 vs 23.0 ± 3.1 kg/m 2 ). They also had a greater number of medical comorbidities (2.4 ± 2.3 vs 0.7 ± 1.0). More OSA patients than DFD patients had complications (28 [100%] vs 19 [73%], P = .003), and the total number of complications in the OSA group was higher (108 vs 33, P Conclusions The patients in the OSA group were older, had more comorbidities, and ultimately had a greater number of early, late, minor, and major complications than those in the DFD group. The incidence of death in both groups was zero. Maxillomandibular advancement appears to be a safe procedure regarding mortality rate, but OSA patients should be counseled preoperatively regarding the relative increased risk of complications.
121 THE CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT COMPONENT OF THE SHUNT PATHWAY IN RABBIT ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIUM

Aim/Background We previously reported that exposure of rabbit esophageal epithelium (EE) in Ussing chambers to calcium-free solution reduces the transepithelial electrical resistance (RT), progressively over 2 hours by ˜ 35%. RT declines over the next 2 hours by ˜ 10% to reach a plateau. Since shunt pathway resistance dominates RT, the limited decline observed in RT indicates that ˜ 50% of the shunt pathway consists of a calcium-independent component. Methods To further examine the calcium-independent component of RT, rabbit EE was mounted in Ussing chambers and exposed luminally to either of two environments previously shown to reduce RT to a similar degree as calcium-free solution: 1) hypertonic urea, 0.5 M, and 2) HCl, pH 1.6. Results (Means ± SEM, n ≥ 4). The addition of luminal urea, but not HCl, to a calcium-free solution for 1 hour resulted in a marked decline in RT (41 ± 4%) to a value well below that produced by continued calcium-free alone (reduced 22 ± 3%). These data indicating that hypertonic urea alters the shunt pathway in a fashion that is distinct from calcium-free solution are also supported by 2 sets of experiments in which the flux of fluorescein, 300 mol. wt., in calcium-free solution plus urea was increased 2-3 fold over that of calcium-free solution alone. Conclusions The shunt pathway in rabbit esophageal epithelium is composed of two components, one calcium dependent and the other calcium independent. The calcium-independent component is sensitive to luminal hypertonic urea but not HCl. This sensitivity suggests that other structures, possibly the close apposition of adjacent cell membranes surrounding the intercellular space, contribute in important ways to the barrier function of EE. Support: NIH DK36013.
Electronic Health Records: Then, Now, and in the Future

Objectives: Describe the state of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in 1992 and their evolution by 2015 and where EHRs are expected to be in 25 years. Further to discuss the expectations for EHRs in 1992 and explore which of them were realized and what events accelerated or disrupted/derailed how EHRs evolved. Methods: Literature search based on “Electronic Health Record”, “Medical Record”, and “Medical Chart” using Medline, Google, Wikipedia Medical, and Cochrane Libraries resulted in an initial review of 2,356 abstracts and other information in papers and books. Additional papers and books were identified through the review of references cited in the initial review. Results: By 1992, hardware had become more affordable, powerful, and compact and the use of personal computers, local area networks, and the Internet provided faster and easier access to medical information. EHRs were initially developed and used at academic medical facilities but since most have been replaced by large vendor EHRs. While EHR use has increased and clinicians are being prepared to practice in an EHR-mediated world, technical issues have been overshadowed by procedural, professional, social, political, and especially ethical issues as well as the need for compliance with standards and information security. There have been enormous advancements that have taken place, but many of the early expectations for EHRs have not been realized and current EHRs still do not meet the needs of today’s rapidly changing healthcare environment. Conclusion: The current use of EHRs initiated by new technology would have been hard to foresee. Current and new EHR technology will help to provide international standards for interoperable applications that use health, social, economic, behavioral, and environmental data to communicate, interpret, and act intelligently upon complex healthcare information to foster precision medicine and a learning health system.
Coping with lab animal morbidity and mortality: a trainer's role

The author discusses the role of an animal research facility trainer in helping to teach laboratory animal facility staff how to recognize negative behavior patterns, manage grief, and help to prevent feelings of guilt.
Mind-Body Practices and the Adolescent Brain: Clinical Neuroimaging Studies.

BACKGROUND Mind-Body practices constitute a large and diverse group of practices that can substantially affect neurophysiology in both healthy individuals and those with various psychiatric disorders. In spite of the growing literature on the clinical and physiological effects of mind-body practices, very little is known about their impact on central nervous system (CNS) structure and function in adolescents with psychiatric disorders. METHOD This overview highlights findings in a select group of mind-body practices including yoga postures, yoga breathing techniques and meditation practices. RESULTS Mind-body practices offer novel therapeutic approaches for adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Findings from these studies provide insights into the design and implementation of neuroimaging studies for adolescents with psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Clinical neuroimaging studies will be critical in understanding how different practices affect disease pathogenesis and symptomatology in adolescents. Neuroimaging of mind-body practices on adolescents with psychiatric disorders will certainly be an open and exciting area of investigation.
Ideas and the Public Domain: Revisiting INS v. AP in the Internet Age

The integration of the Internet into all aspects of society has led to the quick and widespread distribution of information in digital form. This digital information can be easily aggregated and redistributed by third parties. Such information aggregators can free ride on the work of others. For example, Google News collects links to news stories from other news outlets. Blogs, Facebook, Twitter and other social media also enable redistribution of news stories and other information. Newspapers, wire services and other news creators and providers have voiced concern that such free riding allows aggregators to benefit from the work of enterprises that create news media without having to pay any of the costs to obtain such news stories. It has been asserted that free riding is unfair and that it can economically injure or destroy such enterprises. These concerns are reminiscent of the 1918 Supreme Court decision in International News Service v. Associated Press, in which a news organization successfully enjoined a competitor from free riding on its efforts to obtain news stories. The underlying basis for the Court’s decision was a federal common law action for misappropriation. Although a subsequent Supreme Court decision negated federal common law some states adopted the misappropriation doctrine from International News Service under state unfair competition law. This doctrine has been asserted with limited success but courts continue to hold that the doctrine is viable under appropriate facts. This Article will critically examine the International News Service decision and subsequent judicial decisions relying on the misappropriation doctrine. It will argue that International News Service has been misunderstood and misapplied; and, that courts should unequivocally repudiate the doctrine as inconsistent with property law. Additionally, the commonly asserted rationales for the doctrine — preventing free riding and ruinous competition — are not legitimate. Instead, any common law action to protect ideas or information should only succeed, if at all, under existing contract and tort causes of action.
The Nature and Challenge of Teleological Psychological Theory

Teleological theory is shown to rely upon final causation, which in turn also makes use of formal-cause patternings as the ‘that’ for the sake of which events are being intended. In the rise of science over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the belief crystallized that it was possible to explain events by reducing them to underlying material and efficient causation. Cartesian mathematics made it appear that motion caused patterns to come about and hence was basic to patterns. Modern physics has changed all this, placing the formal cause at the center of explanation. The unseating of material and especially efficient causation in science makes it possible for psychology to formulate telic theory. Formal causation is germane to meaning, and human beings can be seen to behave for the sake of such meaningful patterns. Mechanism is shown to be an instrumentality rather than a basic cause of behavior. Logical learning theory is presented as an example of telic theorizing. It is argued that unless psychology meets the challenge of teleological description it will never emerge as a distinctive area of study with a unique contribution to the family of the sciences.
17‐1: Invited Paper: Foldable Touch AMOLED with Plastic Window and Optical Enhancement

In order to improve the mechanical and optical properties of foldable AMOLED display, we integrated an ultra-thin plastic window and circular polarizer on foldable touch AMOLED. A 3mm bending radius foldable on-cell touch AMOLED prototype with plastic window or circular polarizer was demonstrated.
Resonance Theory in Reactor Applications

The most essential objective in reactor physics is to provide an accurate account of the intricate balance between the neutrons produced by the fission process and those lost due to the absorption process as well as those leaking out of the reactor. The presence of resonance structures in neutron cross sections obviously plays an important role in such processes. Therefore, the treatment of neutron resonance phenomena has constituted one of the most fundamental subjects in reactor physics since its conception. It is the area where the concepts of nuclear reaction and the treatment of the neutronic balance in reactor lattices over a wide span of energy become intertwined. The basic issue here is how to apply the microscopic neutron cross sections in the macroscopic reactor systems. Because of its importance to reactor physics, much of the existing nuclear data and a significant portion of all cross-section processing codes downstream are devoted to the treatment of resonance phenomena prior to any meaningful neutronic calculations via either the deterministic or Monte Carlo approaches.
Does Photojournalism Matter? News Image Content and Presentation in the Middletown (NY) Times Herald-Record Before and After Layoffs of the Photojournalism Staff:

This study explored the photojournalism and news presentation of the Middletown (NY) Times Herald-Record before and after the newspaper laid off its entire photography staff. Differences between pr...
Design Justice: Towards an Intersectional Feminist Framework for Design Theory and Practice

Design is key to our collective liberation, but most design processes today reproduce inequalities structured by what Black feminist scholars call the matrix of domination. Intersecting inequalities are manifest at all levels of the design process. This paper builds upon the Design Justice Principles, developed by an emerging network of designers and community organizers, to propose a working definition of design justice: Design justice is a field of theory and practice that is concerned with how the design of objects and systems influences the distribution of risks, harms, and benefits among various groups of people. Design justice focuses on the ways that design reproduces, is reproduced by, and/or challenges the matrix of domination (white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, capitalism, and settler colonialism). Design justice is also a growing social movement that aims to ensure a more equitable distribution of design’s benefits and burdens; fair and meaningful participation in design decisions; and recognition of community based design traditions, knowledge, and practices.
Gene Dosage Compensation in Drosophila Melanogaster

The comparative lack of sexual dimorphism of apricot and other [sex-linked] genes studied is due to “sex-limitation”, i.e., to a compensatory influence of the dosage difference between the sexes in respect to other genes in the X-chromo-some. The facts are of particular interest from an evolutionary standpoint [Muller et al., 1931, Anat. Rec. Suppl.51, p. 110].
Building technologies that help cyber-defense: Hardware-enabled trust

The paper discusses evolution of civil disobedience in cyberspace and real world. The result of comparison of both brings author to the conclusion of high impact of the deteriorating economic situation on the civil disobedience in both, cyberspace and real world, supporting each other. There is expectation of professionalization of movements in cyberspace slowly changing nature of attack to cyberterrorist-like attacks. The effort to bound free flow of information, governments will attempt to limit or circumscribe cyberspace in particular with reference to the fight against terrorism, which could lead to more aggressive civil disobedience in cyberspace.
Fibrin Polymerization and its Role in Regulating Hemostasis

The final phase of in vivo thrombus formation involves generation of a fibrin clot which provides the major structural support and scaffolding for the cellular and other blood elements that comprise the thrombus. Fibrin polymerization begins with the generation of fibrin monomer units by thrombin cleavage of soluble circulating precursor fibrinogen molecules. This is followed by an orderly process of fibril assembly, branching, lateral association, and covalent crosslinking, to form the mature fibrin clot. In addition to the structural function served by fibrin polymer formation, other biological properties develop as a result of the conversion from fibrinogen to fibrin that play a significant physiological role in regulating the rate and extent of clot formation, and clot lysis. In this article, I will summarize the nature of the essential elements and mechanisms that contribute to fibrin gelation, and review some of the special properties of fibrin that provide it with additional roles in hemostatic function and fibrinolysis.
Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorders: What’s New in the Revised 4th Edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms

Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders remain a challenging aspect of dermatopathology, in part due to the rarity of the entities and extreme variability in clinical outcomes. Although many of the entities remain unchanged, the approach to some of them has changed in the new 2016 classification scheme of the World Health Organization. Chief among these are Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders such as Epstein-Barr virus-associated mucocutaneous ulcer and hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder, primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In addition, translocations and gene rearrangements such as those involving the 6p25.3 locus have started to inform diagnosis and classification of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis. In this review, we will examine what is new in the diagnostic toolbox of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Associated Clinical Features in Latino and Caucasian Patients from a Single Center

Author(s): Kuftinec, Gabriela N; Levy, Robert; Kieffer, Dorothy A; Medici, Valentina | Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer in adults and has seen a rapid increase in incidence in the United States. Racial and ethnic differences in HCC incidence have been observed, with Latinos showing the greatest increase over the past four decades, highlighting a concerning health disparity. The goal of the present study was to compare the clinical features at the time of diagnosis of HCC in Latino and Caucasian patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We retrospectively screened a total of 556 charts of Latino and Caucasian patients with HCC. RESULTS:The mean age of HCC diagnosis was not significantly different between Latinos and Caucasians, but Latinos presented with higher body mass index (BMI). Rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were similar in the two groups. The most common etiology of liver disease was alcohol drinking in Latinos, and chronic hepatitis C in Caucasian patients. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) was the associated diagnosis in 8.6% of Latinos and 4.7% of Caucasians. Interestingly, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at time of diagnosis were higher in Latino patients compared to Caucasians, but this difference was evident only in male patients. Multifocal HCC was slightly more frequent in Latinos, but the two groups had similar cancerous vascular invasion. Latino patients also presented with higher rates of both ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION:Latino and Caucasian patients with HCC present with a different profile of etiologies, but cancer features appear to be more severe in Latinos.
An analysis of results in a single-blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial comparing non-fixating versus self-fixating mesh for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

It remains unclear whether use of self-fixating mesh during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) impacts postoperative quality of life (QoL). We hypothesize patients receiving self-fixating mesh during totally extraperitoneal (TEP) LIHR will report less pain and improved QoL compared to those receiving non-fixating mesh. An IRB-approved, single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients with primary, unilateral inguinal hernias were randomized to receive either non-fixating (control) or self-fixating mesh. Clinical visits were conducted 3 weeks and 1 year after LIHR. A validated Surgical Outcomes Measurement System (SOMS) instrument was used to assess patients’ QoL preoperatively and postoperatively along with Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) at 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Comparisons between self-fixating and non-fixating mesh groups were made using Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum or independent samples t tests. Two hundred and seventy patients were enrolled (137 non-fixating vs 133 self-fixating). Preoperatively, there was no difference in mean age, BMI, or median hernia duration between groups (57.9 vs 56.6 years, p = 0.550; 26.1 vs 26.8, p = 0.534; 3.0 vs 3.0 months, p = 0.846). Median operative times (34 vs 34 min, p = 0.545) and LOS were similar. More patients in the non-fixating group received tacks (43 vs 19, p = 0.001). Patients receiving non-fixating mesh recorded better mean SOMS scores for the first 3 days following surgery (Day 1: p = 0.005; Day 2: p = 0.002; Day 3: p = 0.024, Table 1) indicating less pain. No differences in pain were seen 3 weeks or 1 year postoperatively. There were zero recurrences found during clinical follow-up in either of the groups. Patients receiving self-fixating mesh report worse postoperative pain in the first 2–3 days than those receiving non-fixating mesh. The groups showed no differences across QoL metrics (SOMS and CCS) at 3 weeks or 1 year postoperatively. Self-fixating mesh does not appear to positively impact QoL after TEP LIHR.
Synthesis and Characterization of [Yb(NH3)8][Cu(S4)2]·NH3, [Yb(NH3)8][Ag(S4)2]·2NH3, and [La(NH3)9][Cu(S4)2] in Supercritical Ammonia: Metal Sulfide Salts of the First Homoleptic Lanthanide Ammine Complexes

Three new lanthanide metal polysulfides have been synthesized in supercritical ammonia: [Yb(NH3)8][Cu(S4)2]· NH3 (I), [Yb(NH3)8][Ag(S4)2]·2NH3 (II), [La(NH3)9][Cu(S4)2] (III). Compounds were prepared in sealed quartz tubes which were filled to one-third volume with liquid ammonia and heated at 170 °C for 3 days. Compounds I and II were obtained from the reaction of a premade ytterbium polysulfide with M and S in the ratio of 1:1:4, while [La(NH3)9][Cu(S4)2], III, was obtained by reacting La, Cu, and S in the ratio of 1:1:8. In all these compounds, the lanthanide cation is coordinated only by ammonia, while the M+ is chelated by S42- to form metal tetrasulfide rings. [Yb(NH3)8][Cu(S4)2]·NH3 and [Yb(NH3)8][Ag(S4)2]·2NH3 contain [M(S4)2]3- anionic units with M+ in a distorted tetrahedral coordination environment chelated by two S42- groups. Compound III, [La(NH3)9][Cu(S4)2], also contains anionic [Cu(S4)2]3- units; however, Cu+ is in a trigonal planar coordination geometry due to the presence of one monoden...
Beyond Slacktivism: Examining the Entanglement between Social Media Engagement, Empowerment, and Participation in Activism

Assessing the connection between social media engagement and activism for strategic communication is tricky. Although social media facilitate protests, they may also create a lazy form of activism ...
Embedded Model Predictive Control for a Wearable Artificial Pancreas

While artificial pancreas (AP) systems are expected to improve the quality of life among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the design of convenient systems that optimize the user experience, especially for those with active lifestyles, such as children and adolescents, still remains an open research question. In this brief, we introduce an embeddable design and implementation of model predictive control (MPC) of AP systems for people with T1DM that significantly reduces the weight and on-body footprint of the AP system. The embeddable controller is based on a zone MPC (ZMPC) that has been evaluated in multiple clinical studies. The proposed embedded ZMPC features a simpler design of the periodic safe zone in the cost function and the utilization of state-of-the-art alternating minimization algorithms for solving the convex programing problems inherent to MPC with linear models subject to convex constraints. Offline closed-loop data generated by the FDA-accepted UVA/Padova simulator are used to select an optimization algorithm and the corresponding tuning parameters. Through hardware-in-the-loop in silico results on a limited-resource Arduino Zero (Feather M0) platform, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed embedded MPC. In spite of resource limitations, our embedded ZMPC manages to achieve a comparable performance of that of the full-version ZMPC implemented in a 64-bit desktop for scenarios with/without meal-disturbance compensations. Metrics for performance comparison included the median percent time in the euglycemic ([70, 180] mg/dL range) of 84.3% versus 83.1% for announced meals, with an equivalence test yielding $p=0.0013$ and 66.2% versus 66.0% for unannounced meals with $p=0.0028$ .
'A cataclysm of carnage, nausea, and death'. SAVING PRIVATE RYAN and visceral engagement

In interviews promoting the release of his 1998 film SAVING PRIVATE RYAN, Steven Spielberg said he had in the 30-minute opening 'Omaha Beach'-sequence intended to render war and warfare as realistically as possible: war evoked as it really was and really is. This essay suggests that in attempting to create greater 'realism' Spielberg and his team broke in a striking wag with traditional 'classic' forms of realism in order to solicit an effect of extreme bodily and emotional engagement. Further, this paper examines whether physical response effect of movies on viewers in the so-called 'body genres' as described in recent articles can be applied to the Omaha Beach-sequence as well. Moreover, the attention this sequence received seems to reveal a distinct change in expectations of a war film, both from an American and a European point of view. Finally, the present article claims to clarify how the visceral body effects in SAVING PRIVATE RYAN are to be understood, and how this new method as applied in a war film relates to the contemporary discourse on filmmaking.
Profiles of perceived social functioning in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer

Objectives Social interaction and peer relationships are critical for development, especially for adolescents and young adults (AYA). Cancer treatment may disrupt social functioning and impact quality of life. Prior research into AYA social functioning has primarily been qualitative in nature or assessed via broad measures of functioning. Given the multi-dimensional nature of social functioning, and its importance for AYA, a person-centered approach to analyses is needed. Methods AYA survivors of childhood cancer, ages 13 to 23 (n = 192, 51% male) and at least 1 year post-treatment (M = 7.35 ± 4.18 years post), completed measures to assess perceived social functioning, social support, and positive and negative affect. Caregivers also completed a measure of social functioning. Latent profile analysis was used to empirically derive profiles of perceived social functioning using the self-perception profile for adolescents (SPPA). Results A 3-class solution provided the best fit to the data: 58.9% average, 33.7% high, and 7.5% low functioning. The average group reported mean scores that were similar to normative values available in the SPPA manual. Demographic and medical factors were unrelated to class membership. Social support and positive/negative affect differed significantly by class; caregiver-report of social functioning did not. Conclusions Overall, the majority of AYA survivors of childhood cancer are doing well socially, with perceived adequate social functioning associated with both high levels of social support as well as greater perceptions of positive affect. Future work is needed to elucidate longitudinal trajectories of social functioning, as well as to identify and intervene with those survivors who are struggling.
Diagnostic utility of high-risk human papillomavirus mRNA in situ hybridisation in squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck and implementing American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations.

Introduction The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-endorsed College of American Pathologists guideline recommends high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lymph nodes level II/III of unknown primary. Herein, the performance of HPV-RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) in detection of HPV-related SCC is evaluated implementing the ASCO guideline recommendations. Methods Eighty head and neck (HN) SCC fine needle aspirations, which utilized HPV-RNA ISH/P16, were evaluated at Johns Hopkins Hospital (2015-2018) to investigate their performance and concordance with histology. The results were compared to a prior study of 59 HNSCCs, which HPV-DNA ISH. Results Of the 80 reviewed fine needle aspirations, 65 (50 male, 15 female) were included. The mean age was 63.2 ± 14.0 years. The most common site was neck lymph nodes (47, 72.3%). Fifty-five cases (84.6%) were accompanied by concurrent core biopsy, and 48 cases (59.4%) had surgical follow-ups. HPV-RNA ISH was positive in 44 (67.7%), and P16 was strongly positive in 46 (70.8%). The HPV-RNA ISH/ P16 concordance rate was 92.3% on cytology material. The cytology/surgical concordance rate for HPV-RNA ISH was 88.9% (16/18). There was a discordance between the results in five cases (7.7%; HPV-RNA ISH-/P16+). Conclusion HPV-RNA ISH is a robust and reliable method for detecting HPV-related HNSCC on cytology material showing concordance rate of 92.3% between HPV-RNA ISH and P16, which is a sensitive but non-specific marker. Compared to HPV-DNA ISH, HPV-RNA ISH reproducibly identifies HPV-related HNSCC with fewer discrepancies between cytology and histology. The findings of this study are in agreement with the ASCO recommendations.
Confession, counter-conduct, critique

In this piece, I highlight three texts by French philosopher Michel Foucault on confession, counter-conduct, and critique to consider the operations of power and possibilities of resistance in the practice of confession. Beginning from The History of Sexuality: Volume 1, I discuss Foucault’s presentation of confession as a technique of power. I then turn to the story of Urusle from Foucault’s 1 March, 1978 lecture of Security, Territory, Population on ‘counter-conduct’ in order to highlight a case in which confession becomes a site of resistance. In the end, I invoke Foucault’s lecture “What is Critique?” (1978) to consider how the story of Ursule’s resistance configures the possibilities of confession in critique today.
Grade Retention and School Dropout: Comparing Specific Grade Levels Across Childhood and Early Adolescence:

Students who repeat a grade are at a higher risk of dropping out of high school. Previous research has examined this in a methodologically aggregated way (e.g., repeated any grade versus never repe...
Pain and functionality improved when underlying neuromuscular dysfunction addressed in chronic pelvic pain patients.

AIM Examine the effects of treating underlying neuromuscular dysfunction in chronic pelvic pain (CPP) patients. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study of 200 female and male patients with CPP was performed upon an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval (IRB# 17-0761). The outpatient protocol consisted of ultrasound-guided trigger point injections to the pelvic floor musculature with peripheral nerve blocks once a week for 6 weeks in an outpatient setting. Pelvic pain and functionality were measured before and after treatment using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Functional Pelvic Pain Scale. Functionality categories assessed were intercourse, bladder, bowel, working, walking, running, lifting, and sleeping. RESULTS Pretreatment, mean VAS score was 6.44 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.50; p < 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.09-6.79). Posttreatment mean VAS score was 4.25 (SD = 2.63; p < 0.05, 95% CI = 3.88-4.61). The mean FPPS score before treatment was 10.77 (SD = 6.39; p < 0.05, 95% CI = 9.88-11.65). Posttreatment mean FPPS score was 7.42 (SD = 5.87; p < 0.05, 95% CI = 6.61-8.23). Analysis of subcategories within FPPS indicated statistically significant improvement in the categories of intercourse, working, and sleeping. CONCLUSION Findings show the treatment was efficient at decreasing pain in CPP patients. Results show promise for improving overall pelvic functionality, particularly within the categories of intercourse, sleeping, and working.
Malignancies of the Immune System: Use of Immunologic and Molecular Tumor Markers in Classification and Diagnostics

Malignancies of the immune system are primarily represented by the malignant lymphomas and a smaller number of nonlymphoid neoplasms that originate from cells involved in antigen presentation and processing. The ability to correctly diagnose tumors of the immune system, which in many instances show little morphological variation, requires the careful application of both immunologic tumor markers and molecular (DNA- or RNA-based) tumor markers. The application of modern immunologic techniques and concepts has permitted the development of a conceptual framework that may be used to decipher the morphological diversity of these neoplasms and has shown the relationship of lymphoid and mononuclear phagocytic neoplasms to the normal immune and hematopoietic systems. In recent years, an increasing number of mouse monoclonal antibodies have become available for use in paraffin sections, eliminating the need to perform immunohistochemistry on frozen tissue sections. Lymphoblastic malignancies (LBL) are neoplasms of precursor T and B lymphocytes. They may present clinically as either lymphoblastic lymphoma or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and morphologically the T and B-lineage varieties of LBL are indistinguishable. The ability of the cells to form follicles correlates with the presence of dendritic reticulum cells (DRC), which can be identified in frozen and paraffin sections by using monoclonal antibodies reactive with CD21, CD23, CD35, or clusterin. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HD) is an unusual neoplastic disorder because the neoplastic cells represent only a minority of the cells present in the tumor mass.
Public information officers

Abstract Criminal justice Public Information Officers (PIOs) are a unique criminal justice specialty and key gatekeepers in the production of crime and justice information. The findings of a 1998 survey of the Florida PIO professional association members and nonmembers are reported. The results show that a typical PIO is a middle-aged, sworn, college-educated male. PIOs have also shifted away from criminal justice and communication degrees to reflect a broader, more diverse set of disciplines. Comparing association members with nonmembers, civilian PIOs, especially those from larger agencies, concentrate in the state's professional association while sworn PIOs, particularly from smaller agencies, dominate the nonmember ranks. Professional association member PIOs also tend to be assigned a greater range of job tasks and to spend more time on those tasks than the nonassociation members. The results suggest that a civilian/sworn dichotomy reported in prior research remains significant for PIOs and has come to overlap with a professional association member/nonmember division. The implications for criminal justice agencies and for the PIO as a criminal justice career are discussed.
The mega-event city as neo-liberal laboratory: the case of Rio de Janeiro

As Brazil’s economic and political structures have stabilized over the past quarter century, the country has assumed an increasingly important role in global affairs. The dominant trends towards neo-liberalism in the global political-economy are being reproduced within the context of a state structure that has traditionally occupied a central role in the national economy. While transitions to neo-liberalism at the national scale occur more slowly I argue that it is within urban contexts that coalitions of political and economic interests transform space and social relations. In this sense, sports mega-events function as mechanisms for the implementation of neo-liberal modes of governance within urban contexts. This paper will examine the processes through which mega-events in Rio de Janeiro are staging the city as an active laboratory for new models of neo-liberal governance that are accelerating the transformation of Brazilian society.
Developing Online Learning Environments in Nursing Education by Carol A. O’Neil, Cheryl A. Fisher, and Matthew J. Rietschel

The authors and contributors are experienced nursing education professionals with specific experience in developing curriculum, teaching, and assessing results in online environments in academic, g...
New iterative methods for linear inequalities

New iterative methods for solving systems of linear inequalities are presented. Each step in these methods consists of finding the orthogonal projection of the current point onto a hyperplane corresponding to a surrogate constraint which is constructed through a positive combination of a group of violated constraints. Both sequential and parallel implementations are discussed.
The Dexamethasone-Suppressed Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test Differentiates Mild Cushing’s Disease from Normal Physiology

The dexamethasone-suppressed CRH test (Dex-CRH test) differentiates patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) from those with pseudo-Cushing states, who have decreased ACTH responses to CRH because of negative feedback exerted by chronic hypercortisolism. Normal subjects, however, have not been studied with the Dex-CRH test, raising concern that this test might not separate patients with CS from patients with normal adrenal function. To determine whether the criterion that separates CS from pseudo-Cushing states also would differentiate patients with Cushing's disease (CD) from individuals with eucortisolism, we studied 20 healthy volunteers during low-dose (2 mg/day) dexamethasone suppression, and then during the Dex-CRH test (CRH stimulation test performed 2 h after completion of low-dose dexamethasone suppression), and contrasted their results with those of 20 patients with surgically proven mild CD [urine free cortisol (UFC) < 1000 nmol/day). Basal UFC was significantly greater in patients with CD (P < 0.001) but within the normal range (55-250 nmol/day) in 4 patients. During low-dose dexamethasone suppression, a UFC less than 100 nmol/day (36 micrograms/day) was found in all but 1 volunteer subject, and a urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion less than 14.6 mumol/day (5.3 mg/day) was found in all but 2 subjects. During the Dex-CRH test, plasma cortisol less than 38 nmol/L was found in all 20 normal volunteers until 30 min after CRH administration. By contrast, the 15-min CRH-stimulated plasma cortisol exceeded 38 nmol/L in all patients with CD (P < 0.001). Plasma dexamethasone measured just before CRH administration was similar in normal volunteers (13.0 +/- 6.1 mumol/L) and patients with CD (16.4 +/- 6.4 mumol/L). We conclude that cortisol measurements obtained during the Dex-CRH test are suppressed in normal volunteers below those found in mild CD. These results suggest that the Dex-CRH test may be useful in the evaluation of CS in patients without significant hypercortisoluria. However, its value in patients with episodic hormonogenesis has not been tested.
Digital computer determination of alpha source activity

A technique is described for determining the activity and homogeneity of an alpha source. It is believed that the technique, using a digital computer, has many uses and applications in the field of nuclear physics. The technique involves computer manipulation of the digital image of the nuclear source. Experimental details are given.
Methylation of Dimedone

Abstract In connection with our synthetic approach to pentacyclic triterpenes,1 we have required substantial amounts of 2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (methyldimedone, 2), which is available by methylation of dimedone (1).2 However, methylation may also afford the 2,2-dimethyl product 3, the methyl ether 4, and the C, O-dimethyl product 5.
Lipschitz stability of canonical Jordan bases of H-selfadjoint matrices under structure-preserving perturbations

In this paper we study Jordan-structure-preserving perturbations of matrices selfadjoint in the indefinite inner product. The main result of the paper is Lipschitz stability of the corresponding affiliation matrices. The result can be reformulated as Lipschitz stability, under small perturbations, of canonical Jordan bases (i.e., eigenvectors and generalized eigenvectors enjoying a certain flipped orthonormality relation) of matrices selfadjoint in the indefinite inner product. The proof relies upon the analysis of small perturbations of invariant subspaces, where the size of a permutation of an invariant subspace is measured using the concepts of a gap and of a semigap.
A Dynamic Role for GABA Receptors on the Firing Pattern of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Dopaminergic neurons are subject to a significant background GABAergic input in vivo. The presence of this GABAergic background might be expected to inhibit dopaminergic neuron firing. However, dopaminergic neurons are not all silent but instead fire in single-spiking and burst firing modes. Here we present evidence that phasic changes in the tonic activity of GABAergic afferents are a potential extrinsic mechanism that triggers bursts and pauses in dopaminergic neurons. We find that spontaneous single-spiking is more sensitive to activation of GABA receptors than phasic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated burst firing in rat slices (P15-P31). Because tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors has previously been shown to suppress burst firing in vivo, our results suggest that the activity patterns seen in vivo are the result of a balance between excitatory and inhibitory conductances that interact with the intrinsic pacemaking currents observed in slices. Using the dynamic clamp technique, we applied balanced, constant NMDA and GABA(A) receptor conductances into dopaminergic neurons in slices. Bursts could be produced by disinhibition (phasic removal of the GABA(A) receptor conductance), and these bursts had a higher frequency than bursts produced by the same NMDA receptor conductance alone. Phasic increases in the GABA(A) receptor conductance evoked pauses in firing. In contrast to NMDA receptor, application of constant AMPA and GABA(A) receptor conductances caused the cell to go into depolarization block. These results support a bidirectional mechanism by which GABAergic inputs, in balance with NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory inputs, control the firing pattern of dopaminergic neurons.
Failure to find H-2-associated susceptibility to LCM disease.

SUMMARY Nine strains of mice bearing five distinct H-2 genotypes were inoculated intracerebrally with LCMV. There was no association found between particular K or D allotypes and susceptibility to acute LCM disease.
Uniform asymptotic stability in nonlinear volterra discrete systems

Abstract We employ the notion of total stability to obtain new criteria for uniform asymptotic stability of the zero solution of a nonlinear Volterra discrete system. Resolvent equation methods are employed, and a summability criterion on the resolvent kernel is obtained. Also, we obtain a new difference equation that the resolvent R(n, s) satisfies.
Enhanced power spectrum estimates using Kalman reconstruction

A number of power spectral density (PSD) estimators were assessed using real laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) data from grid generated turbulence. PSD estimates from the raw data via the slotting technique and direct transform method were compared to those estimated from sample and hold, linear, and Kalman reconstructed velocity time histories. Of the reconstruction schemes, only Kalman reconstruction was shown to significantly reduce the effects of noise on the measurements leading to an additional 2 decades in power of high frequency information
Solvent stabilization of the edge inversion transition state in tetrahedral molecules

The edge inversion process in phosphoric acid, PO(OH)3 has been studied by large scale ab initio molecular orbital theory. Edge inversion of the tetrahedral ground state via a square-planar transition state requires 69.5 kcal/mol (MP-2). Addition of two NH3 solvent molecules to the vacant NLUMO stabilizes the transition state by 45 kcal/mol (MP-2). The value for ΔH(300K) for the reaction 2NH3 + PO(OH)3 PO(OH)3 · (NH3)2 is 24.1 kcal/mol (MP-2). The complex with two NH3 molecules is an intermediate. Addition of one NH3 to PO(OH)3 leads to an energy lowering of the planar form of 31 kcal/mol. This structure is now a transition state. The value for ΔH(300K) for the reaction NH3 + PO(OH)3 PO(OH)3 · NH3 is 38.6 kcal/mol (MP-2). The complex of PF3O with two NH3 molecules was studied and is an intermediate. The value for ΔH(300K) for the reaction 2NH3 + POF3 POF3 · (NH3)2 is only 3.3 kcal/mol (MP-2). Electron-donor solvents clearly will stabilize the edge inversion transition state for tetracoordinate main group compounds.