cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural integrity assessment of filament-wound components

This paper summarizes the results of a structural integrity assessment of filament-wound glass-epoxy cylinders and rocket motor cases under conditions of dynamic fracture due to internal pressure loadings of the order of 10-ms duration. Experiments were completed on four types of fiber glass configurations; straight cylinders of various angle ply orientations, tapered cylinders, and two bonded rocket motor case designs were evaluated. A brief review is provided of techniques to assess failure rates, and these elementary reliability techniques are used to establish the relative effects of variability in design pressure and burst pressure capacity. Type II and Type III extreme value and normal distributions are utilized. Polynominal approximations for normal distribution and graphical estimates as well as a transform method are used effectively in determining failure rates for nonnormal functional representation. Furthermore, the merit of several different design concepts, as well as the reliability growth achieved with improved manufacturing techniques, is quantified in terms of the estimated probability of component failure. Failure rates are shown to be more sensitive to design pressure variations than the conventional safety-factor approach. Finally, while the reliability methodology described in the paper is sufficient for preliminary design purposes, failure mode assessment via posttest examination and high-speed photographic observations suggests the necessity for further improvements in composite analysis procedures.
Case studies of optimized sequence diagram for program comprehension

In large project, source code becomes increasing complex and lengthy so program comprehension plays an important and significant role for developers. Sequence diagram generated using static source code or dynamic only approach provides limited execution coverage, additionally contains redundant, dead and fault driven methods, which increase the size of the diagram and complexity. In this paper, to address the problems, optimized sequence diagrams were developed by combining static source code and dynamic only approach, also incorporating various levels of abstraction in order to reduce complexity and provide complete behavior of the system. Case studies determined from the sequence diagram for three systems generated based on source code only and fully dynamic approach proved that the proposed optimized sequence diagrams were less complex and provided more detailed description of the functionality of the system.
Altitude, Heat, and Cold Problems

Patients may choose to be physically active in environments that can create illness, like high and low attitudes and the extremes of heat and cold. The primary care clinician needs to be aware of how to prevent and treat problems that are associated with these environments. Age, comorbid disease, and use of certain medications increase risk of environmental illness in some patients. A good working knowledge of the physiological responses to changes in altitude and temperature, clinical symptoms, and principles of treatment and prevention will facilitate effective management of this group of patients. Table 4.1 lists some of the problems that are encountered by the primary care clinician.
Ecological niche and species distribution modelling of sea stars along the Pacific Northwest continental shelf

Aim Populations of several sea star species were devastated by a disease in 2013–2014 from Alaska to Baja California. However, their exact distributions and ecological requirements are unknown and better knowledge could help identify populations that are at risk. This study aimed to assess patterns of distribution and determine ecological requirements of several sea star species affected by the disease. Location Continental shelf from southern Washington State to northern California, USA. Methods A large occurrence dataset (5385 data points) of 11 taxa was gathered from bottom trawl surveys and underwater video footage, along with data for 13 oceanographic and seafloor environmental parameters. Species distribution modelling (Maxent) and ecological niche (outlying mean index) analyses were applied to these biotic and abiotic datasets. Results Each species showed contrasting ecological niches and modelled distributions, the main explanatory factors being depth, temperature, salinity, sediment mean grain size and the presence of rocky outcrops. Despite these species being recorded from Alaska to California, some sea stars showed very narrow distributions, whereas other taxa were widely distributed in the whole area. Main conclusions The modelled ecological niches and distributions of these 11 sea star taxa showed a high degree of differentiation. Because intertidal and shallow subtidal populations were drastically affected by the 2013–2014 disease, recovery will depend on health of subtidal populations and the ability of the species to disperse and recolonize shallower areas. Our study will serve as a useful reference of the species distributions before the disease started. This distributional data and assessment of influential environmental factors will be valuable for future predictions or studies of the effects of bottom-contact ocean-use activities on sea star species as well as the effects of climate change. Understanding habitat conditions favourable for these species may be helpful in managing population recovery following disease outbreaks or other catastrophic events.
Motivational mechanisms of employee creativity: A meta-analytic examination and theoretical extension of the creativity literature

Abstract Drawing on the componential theory of creativity, social cognitive theory, and prosocial motivation theory, we examined intrinsic motivation, creative self-efficacy, and prosocial motivation as distinct motivational mechanisms underlying creativity. Results from a meta-analysis of 191 independent samples ( N = 51,659) documented in the relevant literature revealed that intrinsic motivation, creative self-efficacy, and prosocial motivation each had unique explanatory power in predicting creativity, and that the three motivational mechanisms functioned differently as mediators between contextual and personal factors and creativity. The relationships of intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy with creativity also were found to be contingent upon sample characteristics and methodological factors (i.e., national culture, creativity measure, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy measures, and publication status). Our findings highlight the need to develop a more fine-grained theory of motivation and creativity. Implications for theoretical extensions and future research are discussed.
Online adaptive bank of recursive least square estimators for slowly time-varying and abruptly changing systems

Many real world problems can be modeled by a linear Gaussian model with a slowly time-varying and abruptly changing regression coefficient (called the state). However, some practical applications don't allow us to get complete knowledge of state dynamics parameters a priori. We address state estimation of the linear Gaussian model whose state dynamics is represented by a special case of switched linear systems. We also present a new multiple model method with an online adaptive model set (called the bank) for estimating the state without knowing the parameters a priori. The method is based on recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms and switching detection. The bank consists of RLS algorithm modulated estimators. Each estimator adapts to each elemental linear system. A new estimator is generated and added to the bank every time a switching among the linear systems is detected. The state is estimated as a mixture of bank element estimations weighted by a posterior distribution of the elements. In terms of computational efficiency, the new estimator is generated in closed form and the posterior distribution, that is a non-convex function, is approximated as a discrete distribution with a small number of bins. Computer simulations show that our online bank adaptation method improves state estimation accuracy of a baseline method that don't employ online bank adaptation, and our multiple model method requires less computational resources to achieve a practicable state estimation than conventional multiple model methods that employ online Kalman Filter bank adaptation.
Association of Gleason 9-10 prostate cancer with worse outcomes compared to Gleason 8 disease.

157 Background: Use of pathological Gleason score for risk stratification of localized prostate cancer is widely accepted. However, data are lacking regarding differences in presentation and outcome among those with Gleason 8-10 disease. Methods: Using the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Prostate Clinical Research Information Systems database, we identified a cohort of patients with biopsy Gleason 8-10 disease who received definitive radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) (external beam or brachytherapy) for curative intent. The study endpoints, time to biochemical recurrence (BCR), time to metastatic disease (MD), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association of the study endpoints and Gleason score groups (8 vs. 9 and 10) adjusted for clinical and pathological factors including age, PSA at diagnosis, type of local therapy, and tumor stage. Results: We identified 848 patients who received either lo...
The Literal and the Metaphoric

The exact nature of metaphor has intrigued linguists and philosophers since language was first examined, but only within the last decade or so has metaphor gained respectability as a serious and important aspect of language and cognition. Metaphor has had a long and checkered past, spent mostly on the outskirts of ‘proper’ speech. The traditional analysis of metaphor has assumed that metaphor involves a deviation from ordinary and straight-forward usage of language. Metaphor, for most people, was considered a fringe phenomenon, merely a literary device used for imaginative phrases in poetry and literature, and one which was not thought to be particularly important in our everyday speech. Literal language was considered to be the language of science, logic and objectivity, and the only kind of expression that could be trusted to describe our ideas precisely and unambiguously. After all, if I make a literal statement such as, I could tell that a change in society was occurring, my meaning is clear, unemotional and unconfused; but if instead I said, I felt the winds of change blow cold about my ears, it packs more punch; the hearer conjures up diverse associations, some of which may be vague or purely emotional.
Staged percutaneous coronary intervention followed by minimally invasive mitral valve surgery versus combined coronary artery bypass graft and mitral valve surgery for two-vessel coronary artery disease and moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation

Background: The optimal treatment for concomitant two-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains unclear. We compared the results of a staged percutaneous coronary intervention followed by minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (PCI+MIVS) versus combined coronary artery bypass graft and mitral valve surgery (CABG+MVS) in this population. Methods: All consecutive patients with two-vessel CAD and moderate to severe IMR, who underwent PCI+MIVS or CABG+MVS at our institution between February 2009 and April 2014, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: There were nine patients identified who underwent PCI+MIVS, and 15 who underwent CABG+MVS, with a mean age of 71±7, and 70±7 years, respectively (P=0.86). The remaining baseline characteristics were similar between both groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of pre-operative clopidogrel administration (78% versus 27%, P=0.03) and left anterior descending plus left circumflex CAD (78% versus 27%, P=0.03), in those who underwent PCI+MIVS. The PCI+MIVS approach was associated with decreased mean cardiopulmonary bypass (111±41 versus 167±49 min, P=0.01) and aortic cross-clamp (79±32 versus 129±35 min, P=0.003) times, and less median number of intraoperative packed red blood transfusions {2 [interquartile range (IQR), 0–2] versus 3 units (IQR, 1–4), P=0.05}, when compared with CABG+MVS. The rate of mitral valve repair, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, and 1-year survival did not differ between the surgical approaches. Conclusions: PCI+MIVS for two-vessel CAD and moderate to severe IMR is feasible, and associated with satisfactory outcomes, as compared with CABG+MVS.
Nuclear Reactor Crew Evaluation of a Computerized Operator Support System HMI for Chemical and Volume Control System

A Computerized Operator Support System (COSS) functional prototype was developed as an assistive technology for operators. The COSS was implemented as a hybrid control board for the Chemical Volume Control System (CVCS) of a three loop Combustion Engineering pressurized water reactor and implemented full-scope, full-scale, glass top control room simulator. The hybrid control board simulated a modernized control room with both analog and digital instrumentation and control. The digital portions consisted of large digital overview and smaller touch displays, while the analog portion consisted primarily of safety indicators and controls. The glass top nature of the simulator allowed the COSS configuration to be compared to the existing fully analog configuration. A cooperative research and development agreement with a major US utility allowed for two separate licensed three-person crews of commercial reactor operators to evaluate the COSS. The evaluation revealed stylistic issues, operation insights, and design considerations that will guide control room modernization efforts and influence next generation control systems and Human Machine Interfaces.
Can Corporate Social Responsibility Counteract Managers' Incentives to Manage Earnings?

Many firms engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, which aim to serve a broader set of stakeholders (e.g. workforce, communities, environment). These companies often encourage management to consider these stakeholders when making operational and financial decisions. One such decision that managers face involves managing earnings. We conduct an experiment in which experienced managers are placed in the role of a division manager facing an accrual decision. We find that a company’s demonstrated commitment to CSR moderates both upward and downward earnings management attempts. We propose, and find support for, a moderated-mediation model in which the firm’s commitment to CSR influences managers’ consideration of constituents. Managers’ consideration of these stakeholders differentially affects the level of accruals, depending on the direction of the earnings management incentive. Our results provide insight into how CSR may influence individuals’ decisions within the organization, minimizing the impact that incentives have on maximizing one’s self-interest.
Abstract TMP57: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Contributes to Comorbidity-enhanced Edema in Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Stroke-induced brain edema is a life-threatening complication for patient. Pre-clinical studies have shown that comorbidities such as diabetes (DB) and hyperlipidemia (HL) are associated with the enhanced edema, however the underlying mechanism is not clear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A has a major role in angiogenesis and vascular permeability by binding with the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Hypothesis: We therefore hypothesized that VEGF signaling contributes to comorbidity-enhanced edema in ischemic stroke. Methods: DB was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by feeding a high fat diet for 8 weeks with or without streptozotocin administration. HL was generated in male ApoE knock-out mice by feeding a high fat diet for 8 weeks. The mice were then subjected to 30 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and brain infarct and edema size were determined at 3 days post-stroke. Gene or protein expressions of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and the downstream pathway (phospho(p)-Akt and endothelial specific molecule (Esm)-1) were determined in the brain following stroke. Results: DB and HL mice displayed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Following stroke, DB and HL mice exhibited larger infarct and edema, and increased VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 expression compared to normal mice. The increase was accompanied by increased pAkt and Esm1 expression. We also found that the VEGFR-2 gene was positively correlated with the severity of edema in both comorbid conditions but not in normal condition (NC) (Fig. A and B). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the VEGF signaling may underlie for comorbidity-enhanced brain edema in stroke. A treatment strategy aimed at reducing edema by targeting VEGF signaling is suggested for stroke patients with the comorbidities.
Nonlinear Focusing and Rogue Waves in Deep Water

Rogue wave dynamics in deep water are examined using the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, as well as higher order generalizations. We observe that a chaotic regime greatly increases the likelihood or occurence of rogue waves.
pH Responsive Doxorubicin Delivery by Fluorous Polymers for Cancer Treatment

Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as valuable drug delivery vehicles as they improve solubility of hydrophobic drugs, enhance circulation lifetime, and can improve the biodistribution profile of small-molecule therapeutics. These nanoparticles can take on a host of polymer architectures including polymersomes, hyperbranched nanoparticles, and dendrimers. We have recently reported that simple low molecular weight fluorous copolymers can self-assemble into nanoparticles and show exceptional passive targeting into multiple tumor models. Given the favorable biodistribution of these particles, we sought to develop systems that enable selective delivery in acidic environments, such as the tumor microenvironment or the lysosomal compartment. In this report, we describe the synthesis and in vitro biological studies of a pH-responsive doxorubicin (DOX) fluorous polymer conjugate. A propargyl DOX hydrazone was synthesized and covalently attached to a water-dispersible fluorous polymer composed of trifluoroethyl ...
Architecture-Driven modeling of adaptive collaboration structures in large-scale social web applications

Internet-based, large-scale systems provide the technical foundation for massive online collaboration forms such as social networks, crowdsourcing, content sharing, or source code generation. Such systems are typically designed to adapt at the software level to achieve availability and scalability. They, however, remain mostly unaware of the changing requirements of the various ongoing collaborations. As a consequence, cooperative efforts cannot grow and evolve as easily nor efficiently as they need to. An adaptation mechanism needs to become aware of a collaboration's structure and flexibility to consider changing collaboration requirements during system reconfiguration. To this end, this paper presents the human Architecture Description Language (hADL) for describing the envisioned collaboration dynamics. Inspired by software architecture concepts, hADL introduces human components and collaboration connectors for describing the underlying human coordination dependencies. We further outline a methodology for designing collaboration patterns based on a set of fundamental principles that facilitate runtime adaptation. An exemplary model transformation demonstrates hADL's feasibility. It produces the group permission configuration for MediaWiki in reaction to changing collaboration conditions.
Filamentous forms of Escherichia coli in cerebrospinal fluid.

A man presented with severe frontal headache and neck pain. There was no history of head trauma or loss of consciousness. Physical examination revealed left ankle clonus, positive Babinski sign on the left, and left lower extremity weakness. A computed tomographic scan showed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. An angiogram showed the presence of a basilar artery aneurysm. Coiling of the aneurysm was successfully performed. However, a subsequent computed tomographic scan showed development of hydrocephalus, for which a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. Three days after shunt placement, the patient became febrile (38.48C). Laboratory tests of cerebrospinal fluid revealed the following values: white blood cell count, 495 3 106/L; red blood cell count, 18 960 3 106/L; glucose, 1.61 mmol/L (29 mg/dL); and protein, 4.44 g/L. The cerebrospinal fluid differential count was neutrophils, 96%, and lymphocytes, 4%. Gram stain of a cytospin smear showed numerous, long, gramnegative filamentous organisms (see Figure). Cultures of cerebrospinal fluid revealed the organism to be Escherichia coli. Filamentous forms are seen when gram-negative bacteria are exposed to low concentrations of b-lactam antibiotics.1,2 At these concentrations, nuclear division takes place, but actual separation of bacterial cells is prevented
TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVAL OF HYDROCARBONS FROM SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER SOURCES

Abstract Emphasis is given to “state-of-the-art” treatment technology relative to the removal of oil and grease and soluble hydrocarbons from surface and groundwaters. Cited specifically are primary and secondary oil removal systems, impact of oil on biological treatment processes, the powdered and granular activated carbon applications for removal of hydrocarbons, and methodologies for treating contaminated groundwaters.
Tea Importation Act

The act commonly called the Tea Importation Act (sometimes the Impure Tea Importation Act), one of the oldest food laws in the United States, was enacted “to prevent the importation of impure and unwholesome tea.” It was first administered by the Secretary of the Treasury. This was to be accomplished by prohibiting the importation of tea which does not meet certain standards. So, in reality the act authorizes the establishment of standards, frequently a controversial subject. The first section, Chapter 22—Teas under Title 21 of the United States Code, presents the requirement for tea importation as follows
Exercise Therapy and Cardiovascular Benefits in Patients with Cancer

Exercise therapy improves vascular function and survival. In this chapter we briefly review the benefits of exercise therapy in patients with cancer.
Design of Superconducting Optoelectronic Networks for Neuromorphic Computing

We have previously proposed a novel hardware platform (SOEN) for neuromorphic computing based on superconducting optoelectronics that presents many of the features necessary for information processing in the brain. Here we discuss the design and training of networks of neurons and synapses based on this technology. We present circuit models for the simplest neurons and synapses that we can use to build networks. We discuss the further abstracted integrate and fire model that we use for evolutionary optimization of small networks of these neurons. We show that we can use the TENNLab evolutionary optimization programming framework to design small networks for logic, control and classification tasks. We plan to use the results as feedback to inform our neuron design.
SnapshotDx Quiz: February 2016

Editorial note: Welcome to the Journal of Investigative Dermatology (JID) SnapshotDx Quiz. In this monthly online-only quiz, the first question (“What is your diagnosis?”) relates to the clinical image found below, while additional questions concern the findings reported in a JID article that provides new information about that disease entity. The quiz questions may be found in the menu bar on the right-hand side of this page. A list of references relevant to the quiz follows the image. Questions 2 & 3 refer to the article by Jennifer Landsberg et al. (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.013).
Island biogeography theory explains the genetic diversity of a fragmented rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) population.

The island biogeography theory is one of the major theories in ecology, and its applicability to natural systems is well documented. The core model of the theory, the equilibrium model of island biogeography, predicts that species diversity on an island is positively related to the size of the island, but negatively related by the island's distance to the mainland. In recent years, ecologists have begun to apply this model when investigating genetic diversity, arguing that genetic and species diversity might be influenced by similar ecological processes. However, most studies have focused on oceanic islands, but knowledge on how the theory applies to islands located on the mainland (e.g., mountain islands, forest islands) is scarce. In this study, we examined how the size and degree of isolation of mountain islands would affect the genetic diversity of an alpine bird, the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). Within our study area, we defined the largest contiguous mountain area as the mainland, while smaller mountains surrounding the mainland were defined as islands. We found that the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was significantly higher, and the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) significantly lower, on the mainland compared to islands. There was a positive significant relationship between the unbiased expected heterozygosity (Hn.b.) and island size (log km2), but a negative significant relationship between Ho and the cost distance to the mainland. Our results are consistent with the equilibrium model of island biogeography and show that the model is well suited for investigating genetic diversity among islands, but also on islands located on the mainland.
An Energy Lifestyles Program for Tweens: A Pilot Study

Prior work has demonstrated that energy education programs designed for young children can influence the adoption of energy efficiency measures in the home. Here, we introduce the Know Your Energy Numbers (KYEN) program, an energy education program designed to teach an older audience of pre-teens, or tweens, about: (i) their energy consumption lifestyles, (ii) available residential energy tools, and (iii) methods to extract insights from their energy data. We also describe results from two pilots with 18 tweens from Girl Scout and Boy Scout troops living in Northern California. We report on how participants and their families reacted to our energy-based curricula, the benefits and challenges they perceived about using energy tools, and their preferences regarding the display of home energy data. We conclude with a brief discussion of the outcomes and limitations of this work before describing next steps for the program.
Voice-Controlled Intelligent Personal Assistants to Support Aging in Place.

Background/objectives Many older adults wish to age in place, and voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants (VIPAs; eg, Amazon Echo and Google Home) potentially could support unmet home needs. No prior studies have researched the real-world use of VIPAs among older adults. We sought to explore how older adults and caregivers utilize VIPAs. Design/measurement Retrospective review of all verified purchase reviews of the Amazon Echo posted on Amazon.com between January 2015 and January 2018, with filtering for health-related older adult key words. Open-ended reviews were qualitatively analyzed to identify relevant themes. Results On retrieval, there were 73 549 reviews; and with subsequent key word filtering, 125 total reviews were subsequently analyzed. Five major themes were identified: (1) entertainment ("For two very senior citizens…we have really had fun with Echo. She tells us jokes, answers questions, plays music.); (2) companionship ("A senior living alone…I now have Alex to talk to."); (3) home control; (4) reminders ("I needed something that would provide me with information I couldn't remember well, such as the date, day, or my schedule…I highly recommend for anyone with memory challenges"); and (5) emergency communication. Several felt it reduced burdening caregivers. "…You also feel guilt from fear of overburdening your caregivers. Alexa has alleviated much of this." Specifically, caregivers found that: "By making playlists of songs from her youth whoever is providing care, family or professional caregiver, can simply request the right song for the moment in order to sooth, redirect, or distract Mom." Alternatively, negative reviewers felt the VIPA misunderstood them or could not adequately respond to specific health questions. Conclusion VIPAs are a low-cost artificial intelligence that can support older adults in the home and potentially reduce caregiver burden. This study is the first to explore VIPA use among older adults, and further studies are needed to examine the direct benefits of VIPAs in supporting aging in place. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:176-179, 2019.
Why Reliabilism Is not Enough: Epistemic and Moral Justification in Machine Learning

In this paper we argue that standard calls for explainability that focus on the epistemic inscrutability of black-box machine learning models may be misplaced. If we presume, for the sake of this paper, that machine learning can be a source of knowledge, then it makes sense to wonder what kind of \em justification it involves. How do we rationalize on the one hand the seeming justificatory black box with the observed wide adoption of machine learning? We argue that, in general, people implicitly adoptreliabilism regarding machine learning. Reliabilism is an epistemological theory of epistemic justification according to which a belief is warranted if it has been produced by a reliable process or method \citegoldman2012reliabilism. We argue that, in cases where model deployments require \em moral justification, reliabilism is not sufficient, and instead justifying deployment requires establishing robust human processes as a moral "wrapper'' around machine outputs. We then suggest that, in certain high-stakes domains with moral consequences, reliabilism does not provide another kind of necessary justification---moral justification. Finally, we offer cautions relevant to the (implicit or explicit) adoption of the reliabilist interpretation of machine learning.
Higher Audit Quality and Higher Restatement Rates: An Examination of Big Four Auditee Restatements

A restatement occurs when a previously issued financial statement contains a misstatement and this misstatement is detected and corrected. Higher audit quality lowers restatement probability by reducing misstatements, but it increases restatement probability by increasing the probability that misstatements will be detected and corrected. Most studies focus on misstatement reduction and equate higher audit quality with lower restatement rates. By contrast, we focus on how audit quality increases the probability that previously issued financial statements are restated. We find that Big Four auditees that have historically been associated with higher financial reporting quality, experienced an increase in restatement rates during the late 2000’s resulting in Big Four auditees having higher restatement rates than Non-Big Four auditees. The timing of this increase in restatement rates corresponds with a period of higher public scrutiny of Big Four auditors. We also find that the higher Big Four auditee restatement rate is driven by an increase in less material restatements and does not reflect a decrease in underlying financial reporting quality. Our findings underscore the importance of evaluating whether factors that increase audit quality could also increase restatement rates and highlight the bias that less material restatements introduce when evaluating financial reporting quality.
Axial symmetry of 24 Mg and 32 S in the BCS approximation

Employing the modified Yale and supersoft core potentials, BCS calculations are carried out for the ground-state properties of $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{32}\mathrm{S}$. It is found that the $T=0$ neutron-proton pairing correlations under the axially symmetric shape are more energetically favorable for $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, and equally favorable for $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, than the asymmetric shape obtained through the Hartree-Fock procedure. Comparisons are made with BCS results obtained via the Yale potential using the same shell-model expansion basis.
Chapter 32 – Hepatitis

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the hepatitis viruses that infect hepatocytes specifically and that have the greatest impact on the blood supply. Hepatitis A (HAV) is a small, single-stranded RNA virus of the picornavirus family. It lacks a lipid envelope, is stable at room temperature and in refrigerated storage, and is resistant to heating. By far the most common route of transmission of HAV is from person to person by the oral fecal route. There is no insect vector or animal reservoir for HAV. The clinical symptoms caused by HAV infection typically start abruptly and include fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, pruritus, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice. The management of acute HAV infection consists primarily of supportive care: provision of fluids, analgesics, and antipyretics. To control the spread of HAV infection, hospitalized patients should be isolated to prevent spread by the oral–fecal route for 1 week following the onset of symptoms. Hepatitis D (HDV) is a defective virus that can replicate only in cells that are infected with hepatitis B. HDV is a single-stranded RNA virus that requires hepatitis B (HBV) as a helper virus. The HDV viral particle is coated with HBsAg. The RNA genome of HDV has ribozyme activity and does not require protein enzymes to replicate. HDV infection can be acquired either as a coinfection with HBV or as a superinfection in an individual with chronic HBV infection. In patients who are coinfected with HBV and HDV, HDV antigen and HDV RNA appear about 1 week after the appearance of serum HBsAg and remain detectable for a few months. HDV is dependent on HBV for replication. Thus, HDV–HBV coinfection may be prevented by measures to prevent HBV infection. There are no specific interventions to prevent HDV superinfection in chronic HBV carriers, other than counseling to avoid behavior risk exposure to HDV.
Electronic Communication Patterns Could Reflect Preoperative Anxiety and Serve as an Early Complication Warning in Elective Spine Surgery Patients with Affective Disorders: A Retrospective Analysis of a Cohort of 1199 Elective Spine Patients.

Objective The analysis of perioperative electronic patient portal (EPP) communication may provide risk stratification and insight for complication prevention in patients with affective disorders (ADs). We aimed to understand how patterns of EPP communication in patients with AD relate to preoperative narcotic use, surgical outcomes, and readmission rates. Methods The records of adult patients who underwent elective spinal surgery between January 2010 and August 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed for analysis. Primary outcomes included preoperative narcotic use, the number of perioperative EPP messages sent, rates of perioperative complications, hospital length of stay, emergency department (ED) visits within 6 weeks, and readmissions within 30 days after surgery. Results A total of 1199 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with an AD were more likely to take narcotics before surgery (51.69% vs. 41%, P Conclusions AD patients have specific patterns of perioperative EPP communication. They are at a higher risk of postoperative complications. Addressing these concerns early may prevent more serious morbidity and avoid unnecessary ED visits and readmissions, thus reducing costs and improving patient care.
Single-trial neural dynamics influence auditory category learning

Percepts are naturally grouped into meaningful categories to process continuous stimulus variations in the environment. Theories of category acquisition have existed for decades, but how they arise in the brain due to learning is not well understood. Here, advanced computational modeling techniques borrowed from educational data mining and cognitive psychology were used to trace the development of auditory categories within a short-term training session. Nonmusicians were rapidly trained for 20 min on musical interval identification (i.e., minor and major 3rd interval dyads) while their brain activity was recorded via EEG. Categorization performance and neural responses were then assessed for the trained (3rds) and novel untrained (major/minor 6ths) continua. Computational modeling was used to predict behavioral identification responses and whether the inclusion of single-trial features of the neural data could predict successful learning performance. Model results revealed meaningful brain-behavior relationships in auditory category learning detectible on the single-trial level; smaller P2 amplitudes were associated with a greater probability of correct interval categorization after learning. These findings highlight the nuanced dynamics of brain-behavior coupling that help explain the temporal emergence of auditory categorical learning in the brain.
Neural Tube Defects

Abstract Neural tube defects arise from failures of neurulation, and represent some of the most common congenital malformations in humans. Neural tube defects have a complex etiology, having both genetic and environmental contributing factors. Neurulation involves a complex series of precisely choreographed, morphogenetic movements that transform the neural plate into the neural tube. Mouse, chicken, Xenopus and zebrafish model systems have been instrumental in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neurulation. The study of these model systems has led to the discovery of a large number of candidate genes for sequencing in human patients.
Impact of Renin‐Angiotensin System Blockers on Mortality in Veterans Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Background Renin‐angiotensin system blockers (RASBs) have well‐validated benefit in patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Their use in the ...
Does regulatory approval speed impact product quality? Evidence from the US pharmaceutical industry (WITHDRAWN)

The trade-off between speed to market and product quality is a well-studied phenomenon in the new product development literature. However, there is little evidence of how supply chain stakeholders ...
Assessment of Vaccination and Underreporting on COVID-19 Infections in Turkey Based On Effective Reproduction Number

In this paper, we introduce a SEIR type COVID-19 model where the infected class is further divided into individuals in intensive care (ICUs) and ventilation units. The model is validated with the COVID-19 cases, deaths, and the number of patients in ICUs and ventilation units as reported by Turkey Department of Health for the period March 11 through May 30 when the nationwide lockdown is in order. COVID-19 interventions in Turkey are incorporated into the model to detect the future trend of the outbreak accurately. The lockdown is lifted on June 1, and the model is modified to include a time dependent transmission rate which is linked to the effective reproduction number [R]t through basic reproduction number [R]0. The modified model captures the changing dynamics and peaks of the outbreak successfully. With the onset of vaccination on 13 January 2021, we augment the model with the vaccination class to investigate the impact of vaccination rate and efficacy. We observe that vaccination rate is a more critical parameter than the vaccine efficacy to eliminate the disease successfully.
Evaluation of the accuracy of stopping and range of ions in matter simulations through secondary ion mass spectrometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry for low energy heavy ion implantation

The freely available “Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter” (SRIM) code is used for evaluating ion beam ranges and depth profiles. We present secondary ion mass spectrometry and Rutherford backscattering experimental results of Si samples implanted with low energy Sb ions to evaluate the accuracy of SRIM simulations. We show that the SRIM simulation systematically overestimates the range by 2–6 nm and this overestimation increases for larger ion implantation energy. For the lowest energy implantation investigated, here we find up to a 25% error between the SRIM simulation and the measured range. The ion straggle shows excellent agreement between simulation and experimental results.
The Performance of PredNet Using Predictive Coding in the Visual Cortex: An Empirical Analysis

PredNet is a deep recurrent convolutional neural network developed by Lotter et al.. The architecture drew inspiration from a Hierarchical Neuroscience model of visual processing described and demonstrated by Rao and Ballard. In 2020, Rane, Roshan Prakash, et al. published a critical review of PredNet stating its lack of performance in the task of next frame prediction in videos on a crowd sourced action classification dataset. While their criticism was nearly coherent, it is dubious, when observed, considering the findings reported by Rao and Ballard. In this paper, we reevaluate their review through the application of the two primary datasets used by Lotter et al. and Rane, Roshan Prakash et al.. We address gaps, drawing reasoning using the findings reported by Rao and Ballard. As such, we provide a more comprehensive picture for future research based on predictive coding theory.
Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects of Dietary Restriction in Aged Rodents

The detrimental effects on brain and behavior resulting from protein-calorie deprivation have long been of central interest in nutritional research particularly involving early development (Morgane et al. 1978). Therefore, it is surprising that relatively few gerontological studies of dietary restriction (DR) have addressed such questions (Forbes 1980) even though concerns have been expressed about possible detrimental effects of this nutritional treatment (Moment 1978). With respect to brain and behavioral function at an advanced age, does DR in rodents produce detrimental effects or beneficial effects as it does for numerous other physiological and biochemical parameters, or no effects at all?
Physical Capital in Dual Economies

In this chapter, we shift attention to industrialization and economic growth in dual economies. We focus again on the consequence of missing land markets , a common characteristic of developing economies that was documented in the previous chapter. Here, we examine the connections between land ownership, saving, and physical capital formation.
CVIII. The Doppler effect in de Sitter's space-time. In reply to M. Jean Chazy

(1927). CVIII. The Doppler effect in de Sitter's space-time. In reply to M. Jean Chazy. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 3, No. 18, pp. 1085-1087.
Rapid Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Pulsed Currents A Theoretical Analysis

Lithium-ion batteries are typically charged using constant current that is applied until the cell voltage reaches about 4.2 V, at which time, charging continues at a constant voltage until the full battery capacity is attained. This process is slow, typically requiring 2-4 h. Empirically selected pulse-charging sequences have been shown to provide enhanced charging; however, no model exists to explain and optimize the pulse-charging protocols. Modeling the lithium diffusion into a homogeneous intercalant layer indicates that the lithium concentration reaches saturation at the graphite/electrolyte interface after about 1 h under conventional constant current charging, mandating the shift to the lower rate constant voltage charging. It is shown here that charging the lithium battery using non-dc waveforms with properly selected parameters may circumvent this lithium saturation, enabling charging at significantly higher rates. A nonlinearly decreasing current density profile which conforms to the mass transfer coefficient variation was shown to provide complete charging in less than 3 4 of an hour, faster than any other pulse-charging profile studied.
Further studies in congenital cranial osteoporosis (craniotabes). II. Its relationship to cranial molding and duration of labor.

Summary Congenital craniotabes, or cranial osteoporosis, is studied in relation to certain etiologically important factors in intracranial birth trauma, such as cranial molding and duration of labor. This study, supplementing an carlier investigation, now comprises 1,425 nonselected, apparently full-term newborn infants in Los Angeles and Mexico City, and the corresponding maternal obstetrical histories. It confirms the relationship of congenital craniotabes to cranial molding and separated cranial sutures as observed in the neonatal period, and rules out any relationship to the type of delivery and duration of labor. No published reports were foundconcerning the relationship of congenital craniotabes to any of these factors with the exception of separated cranial sutures. This study provides the basis for anew approach to the problem of intracranial birth trauma, namely, investigating it in relation to cranial ostoporosis in the full-term infant, and thus supports a broader clinical concept of congenital craniotabes.
An inverse problem based approach for channel parameters estimation in UWB systems

We propose a new blind method to estimate the channel parameters, such as multipath time-of-arrival (TOA) and scattering parameters, for an ultra-wideband (UWB) communication system. We treat the parameter estimation as a mathematical inverse problem and reformulate it as a large scale linear least squares problem. We then apply conjugate gradients (CG) iterations on the resulting normal equations (NE) to obtain the solution, using which we recover the channel parameters. Simulation results exhibit the robustness of our algorithm in the regimes of low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and in frequency dependent scattering channels.
White-Coat Effect Among Older Adults: Data From the Jackson Heart Study.

Many adults with elevated clinic blood pressure (BP) have lower BP when measured outside the clinic. This phenomenon, the "white-coat effect," may be larger among older adults, a population more susceptible to the adverse effects of low BP. The authors analyzed data from 257 participants in the Jackson Heart Study with elevated clinic BP (systolic/diastolic BP [SBP/DBP] ≥140/90 mm Hg) who underwent ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). The white-coat effect for SBP was larger for participants 60 years and older vs those younger than 60 years in the overall population (12.2 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.2-15.1 mm Hg and 8.4 mm Hg, 95% CI, 5.7-11.1, respectively; P=.06) and among those without diabetes or chronic kidney disease (15.2 mm Hg, 95% CI, 10.1-20.2 and 8.6 mm Hg, 95% CI, 5.0-12.3, respectively; P=.04). After multivariable adjustment, clinic SBP ≥150 mm Hg vs <150 mm Hg was associated with a larger white-coat effect. Studies are needed to investigate the role of ABPM in guiding the initiation and titration of antihypertensive treatment, especially among older adults.