cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a Dynamic Declarative Service Workflow Reference Model

Functional, nonfunctional, just-in-time approaches to composing web services span the sub-disciplines of software engineering, data management, and artificial intelligence. Our research addresses the process that must occur once the composition has completed and stakeholders must investigate historical and online operations/data flow to reengineer the process either off-line or in real-time. This research introducesan effective reference model to assess the message flow of long-running service workflows. We examine Dynamic Bayesian Networks (dDBNs), a data-driven modeling technique employed in machine learning, to create service workflow reference models. Unlike other reference models, this method is not limited by static assumptions. We achieve this by including the trend and time varying variables in the model. We demonstrate this method using a flight dataset collected from various airlines.
A Comparison of Initial and Subsequent Follow-Up Strobovideolaryngoscopic Examinations in Singers.

Summary Objectives Previous studies have identified abnormal findings in up to 86.1% of singers on initial screening strobovideolaryngoscopy (SVL) examinations. No studies have compared the prevalence of abnormalities in singers on their subsequent follow-up SVL. Our study evaluates the frequency of these findings in both the initial and subsequent examinations. Methods Retrospective charts and SVL reports were reviewed on students from an opera conservatory from 1993 to 2014. All students had initial screening SVL, but only students who later returned with acute voice complaints were included in the study ( n = 51, 137 follow-up visits). Normal SVL was defined as an examination without structural or functional abnormalities and reflux finding score ≤7. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results For initial examinations, 90.2% (including reflux) and 88.2% (excluding reflux) were abnormal. In follow-up examinations, 94.9% (including reflux) and 94.2% (excluding reflux) had abnormal findings, which included muscle tension dysphonia (40.1%), vocal fold (VF) masses (unilateral 48.9%, bilateral 30.7%), vascular abnormalities (unilateral 27.0%, bilateral 5.8%), sulcus (unilateral 17.5%, bilateral 5.1%), VF hypomobility (unilateral 36.3%, bilateral 5.9%), phase (30.6%) and amplitude (44.8%) asymmetries, and glottic insufficiency (49.3%). Follow-up examinations revealed a significant increase in laryngopharyngeal reflux (χ 2 = 7.043; P Conclusions We found a higher prevalence of abnormal findings compared with previous studies, which we attributed to a more inclusive definition of abnormal pathologies, improvements in SVL technology, and possibly increased experience with SVL interpretation. This high prevalence of abnormal findings in asymptomatic singers further supports the importance of baseline examinations.
The Neurodynamics of Affect in the Laboratory Predicts Persistence of Real-World Emotional Responses.

Failure to sustain positive affect over time is a hallmark of depression and other psychopathologies, but the mechanisms supporting the ability to sustain positive emotional responses are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neural correlates associated with the persistence of positive affect in the real world by conducting two experiments in humans: an fMRI task of reward responses and an experience-sampling task measuring emotional responses to a reward obtained in the field. The magnitude of DLPFC engagement to rewards administered in the laboratory predicted reactivity of real-world positive emotion following a reward administered in the field. Sustained ventral striatum engagement in the laboratory positively predicted the duration of real-world positive emotional responses. These results suggest that common pathways are associated with the unfolding of neural processes over seconds and with the dynamics of emotions experienced over minutes. Examining such dynamics may facilitate a better understanding of the brain-behavior associations underlying emotion. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How real-world emotion, experienced over seconds, minutes, and hours, is instantiated in the brain over the course of milliseconds and seconds is unknown. We combined a novel, real-world experience-sampling task with fMRI to examine how individual differences in real-world emotion, experienced over minutes and hours, is subserved by affective neurodynamics of brain activity over the course of seconds. When winning money in the real world, individuals sustaining positive emotion the longest were those with the most prolonged ventral striatal activity. These results suggest that common pathways are associated with the unfolding of neural processes over seconds and with the dynamics of emotions experienced over minutes. Examining such dynamics may facilitate a better understanding of the brain-behavior associations underlying emotion.
Critical Tax Theory: An Introduction

Introduction 1. Foundations of critical tax theory Grace Blumberg 2. Historical perspectives on taxation Carolyn C. Jones and Marjorie E. Kornhauser 3. The goals of tax policy Dorothy A. Brown, Lisa C. Philipps, Nancy C. Staudt, Anthony C. Infanti, and Anne L. Alstott 4. Critical tax theory meets practice Marjorie E. Kornhauser, Daniel M. Schneider, Anthony C. Infanti, and Gwen Thayer Handelman 5. Race and taxation Alice G. Abreu, Beverly I. Moran, William Whitford, Dorothy A. Brown, Mylinh Uy, and David A. Brennen 6. Gender and taxation Karen B. Brown, Nancy C. Staudt, Wendy C. Gerzog, and Marjorie E. Kornhauser 7. Sexual orientation and taxation Patricia A. Cain, Anthony C. Infanti, and Nancy J. Knauer 8. The family and taxation Marjorie E. Kornhauser, Lily Kahng, Edward J. McCaffery, Bridget J. Crawford, Dorothy A. Brown, and Mary Louise Fellows 9. Class and taxation Michael A. Livingston, Francine J. Lipman, Dennis J. Ventry, Jr., and Wilton B. Hyman 10. Disability and taxation Theodore P. Seto, Sande L. Buhai, Francine J. Lipman, and David G. Duff 11. Global critical perspectives on taxation Taunya Lovell Banks, Francine J. Lipman, Anthony C. Infanti, Karen B. Brown, and Miranda Stewart 12. Critical perspectives on critical tax theory William J. Turnier, Pamela Johnston Conover, David Lowery, Lawrence A. Zelenak, Joseph M. Dodge, and Amy L. Wax.
Text, tacit knowledge, and the tango

As technical writers, we are typically quite comfortable with moving between tacit and explicit knowledge, having made careers out of first analyzing and then documenting that which has not been previously codified or captured in text. Yet not all types of knowledge are easy prey; indeed, I will argue that much of what we know defies the pen and taunts the page. The goal of this workshop is to explore one such type of elusive knowledge: that which pertains to our kinesthetic sense, the knowledge we have and rely upon daily about bodily position and movement. After this exploration, we will discuss the kinds of knowledge one must acquire to dance a tango and we will critique systems for recording dance movements in print. Finally, we 'II consider what we *ve learned about the tango and ballroom dance and consider its application to writing and reading.
Adaptive Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Subject to Seismic Loading Using Nondestructive Testing

AbstractSeismic fragility reflects the reliability of a structure to withstand future seismic demands. It is defined as the conditional probability that a structural demand attains or exceeds a specified capacity level for given values of earthquake intensity. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the seismic fragility, it is critical to incorporate information about the current structural properties, which reflects possible aging and deterioration. This paper proposes an adaptive reliability analysis of bridges using the actual structural properties identified through nondestructive testing (NDT). The proposed methodology combines global and local damage detection methods. Global damage detection uses the dynamic responses of a structure obtained from a vibration NDT to assess the global/equivalent structural properties of the structure and detect potential damage locations. Local damage detection uses local measurements from an NDT technique to identify the local characteristics of the structure ...
Immunologic response to Faenia rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) in a dairy farm family

In the present study, cellular and humoral responses to Faenia rectivirgula antigens were evaluated in seven subjects, members of a family who lived and worked on a dairy farm. Four subjects had clinical features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to moldy hay. The other three subjects had no clinical disease in spite of similar exposure. Although serum precipitins were found in most subjects, a biotin-avidin-linked immunosorbent assay revealed high levels of F. rectivirgula-specific antibodies only in the symptomatic subjects. In addition, numerous precipitin arcs were present in the sera of the symptomatic but not the asymptomatic subjects by antigen-antibody crossed immunoelectrophoresis. No clear distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects could be made on the basis of lymphocyte phenotype studies, and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation was not detected in any subjects. The results indicate that F. rectivirgula-specific antibody levels as detected by biotin-avidin-linked immunosorbent assay and by the presence of precipitin arcs in crossed immunoelectrophoresis may differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic farmers.
The Acute Care for Elders Consult Program

The Acute Care for Elders (ACE) Consult Program is an evidence-based model focused on improving care of hospitalized elders by targeting comprehensive biopsychosocial and functional needs from hospital admission. The four core principles of ACE include a prepared environment, patient-centered care, multidimensional assessment optimizing medication prescribing, and interdisciplinary team rounds linked with early comprehensive discharge planning.
Refinements in nasolabial fold reconstruction for facial paralysis.

Objectives/Hypothesis The objective of this study was to describe a methodology for creation of a nasolabial fold in patients with facial paralysis and to report patient-reported outcome measures following this procedure. Study Design Retrospective case series. Methods All patients who underwent nasolabial fold modification at our institution since July 2010 were included in our analysis. Patient demographics and characteristics of their facial paralysis were noted. Preoperative Facial Clinimetric Evaluation scores were compared with postoperative scores to quantify outcomes. Pre- and postoperative photos were then presented to an observer for ratings of overall midfacial appearance. Results Thirty-one patients were included in the review. Most of the patients were male. The average onset of paralysis was 50 years, and the average age at time of surgery was 61 years. The majority of patients had flaccid paralysis, with 10% of patients having synkinesis. Most patients presented with complaints of oral incompetence or drooling and generalized facial asymmetry. Facial Clinimetric Evaluation scores (P < .004) and overall midfacial appearance (P < .05) improved significantly following surgery. Conclusions The nasolabial fold is an important aesthetic component of the face commonly affected in patients with facial paralysis. We demonstrate quantitative improvement in quality of life scores and aesthetic appearance following nasolabial fold refinement and describe the procedure in depth. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 124:2687–2692, 2014
5‐Acetyl‐1,2,3,4,5‐Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

5-acetyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene product: 5-acetyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene Keywords: rearrangements; peracids; addition funnels, pressure-equalizing; condenser, air-cooled; distillation, columns, spinning-band
Review: Mechthild Kiegelmann & Leo Gürtler (Eds.) (2003). Research Questions and Matching Methods of Analysis

In dem Buch werden im wesentlichen die Beitrage zusammengestellt, die fur den nun dritten Workshop zu qualitativer Psychologie, erstmalig nicht in Deutschland veranstaltet, verfasst wurden. Allerdings wird dem Thema des Bandes – namlich Forschungsfragen und Analyseverfahren aufeinander abzustimmen – nur sehr allgemein Genuge getan. Bei einem Grosteil der Beitrage geht es darum, einen Literaturauszug (aus Don Quixote) verschiedenen Arten qualitativer Analyse zu unterziehen. Obwohl die vorgestellten Ansatze teilweise interessant sind, bin ich nicht sicher, ob der hier gewahlte Literaturauszug wirklich hilft, die auf qualitative Datenanalyse bezogenen Fragen zu verdeutlichen. Allerdings ergeben sich aus dem Vergleich der Wege, die in den individuellen Beitragen beschritten werden, um Cervantes Sinn zu verleihen, einige interessante Einsichten fur Lesende. Die ubrigen Beitrage behandeln sehr unterschiedliche Fragen und Methodenanwendungen. Obwohl ich einige sehr reizvoll fand, konnten insgesamt nur begrenzt neue Ideen vermittelt werden. Die meisten Beitrage sind sorgfaltig editiert und das Englische ist gut nachvollziehbar. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0503166
Co-evolutionary analysis of domains in interacting proteins reveals insights into domain-domain interactions mediating protein-protein interactions.

Recent advances in functional genomics have helped generate large-scale high-throughput protein interaction data. Such networks, though extremely valuable towards molecular level understanding of cells, do not provide any direct information about the regions (domains) in the proteins that mediate the interaction. Here, we performed co-evolutionary analysis of domains in interacting proteins in order to understand the degree of co-evolution of interacting and non-interacting domains. Using a combination of sequence and structural analysis, we analyzed protein–protein interactions in F1-ATPase, Sec23p/Sec24p, DNA-directed RNA polymerase and nuclear pore complexes, and found that interacting domain pair(s) for a given interaction exhibits higher level of co-evolution than the noninteracting domain pairs. Motivated by this finding, we developed a computational method to test the generality of the observed trend, and to predict large-scale domain–domain interactions. Given a protein–protein interaction, the proposed method predicts the domain pair(s) that is most likely to mediate the protein interaction. We applied this method on the yeast interactome to predict domain–domain interactions, and used known domain–domain interactions found in PDB crystal structures to validate our predictions. Our results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed method is statistically significant. Comparison of our prediction results with those from two other methods reveals that only a fraction of predictions are shared by all the three methods, indicating that the proposed method can detect known interactions missed by other methods. We believe that the proposed method can be used with other methods to help identify previously unrecognized domain–domain interactions on a genome scale, and could potentially help reduce the search space for identifying interaction sites.
Association of Active Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase with Paired Helical Filaments of Inclusion-Body Myositis Muscle Suggests Its Role in Inclusion-Body Myositis Tau Phosphorylation

The possible role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the pathogenesis of inclusion-body myositis (IBM) was investigated by immunostaining the active phosphorylated form of ERK in muscle biopsies of six IBM and 14 control patients. Between 80% and 90% of IBM vacuolated muscle fibers contained well-defined ERK-immunoreactive inclusions, which were co-localized by light microscopy, with phosphorylated tau in 70 to 80% of those fibers. Immunoelectronmicroscopy colocalized ERK to small amorphous tufts adjacent to the muscle fiber paired-helical filaments. Strong ERK immunoreactivity was also present at the postsynaptic domain of all human neuromuscular junctions. Our study suggests 1) that ERK, a signal transducer, might play a role in IBM pathogenesis, including participation in the pathological phosphorylation of IBM tau; and 2) that signal transduction abnormalities may be a component of the IBM pathogenic cascade. Our novel immunolocalization of ERK at the postsynaptic domain of human neuromuscular junctions supports a role in transcription of junctional-protein genes. The ERK localized in nonjunctional regions of IBM fibers may underlie the known pathological up-regulation of junctional proteins there.
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor functionally antagonizes interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation

OBJECTIVE To delineate the mechanism underlying the potential functional relationship between interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor (APF) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), as APF has previously been shown to decrease the proliferation rate of normal bladder epithelial cells and the amount of HB-EGF produced by these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS APF-responsive T24 transitional carcinoma bladder cells were treated with high-pressure liquid chromatography-purified native APF with or without HB-EGF to determine the involvement of signalling pathways and proliferation by Western blot analysis, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)/MAPK assays, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS Cyclic stretch induced the secretion of HB-EGF from T24 cells overexpressing the HB-EGF precursor, resulting in enhanced proliferation. T24 cells treated with APF had increased p38MAPK activity and suppressed cell growth, events that were both reversed by treatment with a p38MAPK-selective inhibitor. Activation of Erk/MAPK by HB-EGF was inhibited by APF, and APF did not stimulate p38MAPK in the presence of soluble HB-EGF or when cells overexpressed constitutively secreted HB-EGF. Lastly, APF inhibitory effects on cell growth were attenuated by HB-EGF. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that HB-EGF and APF are functionally antagonistic and signal through parallel MAPK signalling pathways in bladder cells.
Thermodynamic properties of high polymers as a function of their pretreatment as determined by specific heat measurements

1. The absolute value of the specific heats of polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, poly(tetrafluorethylene), poly(ethylene sebacate), polyethylene terephthalate), copolymers of the latter two, and 6 and 6-6 Nylon are discussed from the standpoint of the number of vibrating units per chain atom. Qualitative agreement is obtained on the assumption that each chain atom has two classical degrees of vibrational freedom. 2. The glass transition temperatures and the increase inc p /T at the glass transition temperature are shown to be functions of the composition of the amorphous regions, magnitude and type of crystallinity and chain orientation.T g is increased andΔ c p /T decreased by fiber orientation whileT g may be increased, decreased or unchanged by crystallization. As the concentration ofB-units in the amorphous regions of anA-B copolymer increases on crystallization,T g decreases, butΔ c p /T per mole of residual melt remains about constant. It is concluded thatT g is more conveniently determined from a cp/T versusT plot than fromH-T curves. 3. Crystallinity is shown to be of two types, that which is produced under equilibrium conditions,Type I crystallinity, and that which results from random crystallization in the frozen amorphous regions many degrees below the melting point,Type II or “cold” crystallinity. BothType I andType II crystallization can be observed and studied in the 80/20 copolymer of poly(ethylene terephthalate-sebacate).T g is lowered in the case ofType I crystallization, but unchanged in the case ofType II. The melting point ofType II crystals is lowered 30 or 40° from the equilibrium melting point because of the small size of the crystals produced. 4. Cold drawing or chain orientation produces no significant change in the heat content of the polymer provided that no changes in crystallinity occur. The observed values ofΔH for the cold drawing process are thought to be due to changes in crystallinity.
Improvements to an Operational Clear-Air Turbulence Diagnostic Index by Addition of a Divergence Trend Term

Abstract An operational clear-air turbulence (CAT) diagnostic index has been modified to improve its performance. The Ellrod–Knapp turbulence index (TI) was developed in the early 1990s and is in use at many aviation forecasting facilities worldwide. It has been recognized, however, that TI often does not sufficiently account for situations where anticyclonic shear or curvature is present. The proposed modification to TI is based on the addition of a proxy term for divergence tendency, appropriate for both anticyclonic flow and gravity wave generation in cyclonic regions. Examples show how the modified index [referred to as the divergence-modified turbulence index (DTI)] leads to better anticipation of significant CAT for two scenarios where rapid divergence changes were occurring. Preliminary objective evaluation of the 6-h forecast DTI derived from the Rapid Update Cycle-2 (RUC-2) was completed for 2 months in 2007 (using more than 1100 pilot reports). Results showed significant improvements over TI, ba...
The development of cytomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS patients receiving ganciclovir

Abstract purpose: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency, syndrome (AIDS) requires lifelong therapy with either intravenous ganciclovir sodium or foscarnet sodium. From June 1989 through February 1992, seven patients with AIDS were diagnosed to have CMV retinitis, and all were treated with ganciclovir. Five of the seven developed abrupt preterminal mental status changes. All five with mental status changes received anti-CMV therapy until the time of death. Autopsies were performed in all cases to determine the cause of mental status changes. patients and methods: Five patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed CMV retinitis. Retrospective case analyses with autopsies. All five patients were treated with ganciclovir immediately upon the diagnosis of CMV retinitis and received ganciclovir at standard dosages until death. results: Four patients had clinically stable retinitis throughout the entire course of ganciclovir therapy. In the fifth patient, because of fundoscopic deterioration, foscarnet therapy was initiated 1-month prior to death. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and magnetic resonance imaging, although abnormal, were not diagnostically specific. Neuropathologic examination revealed fulminant diffuse CMV encephalitis in all patients, with prominent ependymal and periventricular necrosis. conclusions: These results suggest that while ganciclovir therapy may clinically stabilize CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS, it does not appear to prevent the development of, or be effective in the treatment of, CMV encephalitis. Thus, clinicians should consider the diagnosis of CMV encephalitis in patients receiving ganciclovir who develop mental status changes and, if possible, alter therapy accordingly.
Synthesis of embedded software using free-choice Petri nets

Software synthesis from a concurrent functional specification is a key problem in the design of embedded systems. A concurrent specification is well-suited for medium-grained partitioning. However, in order to be implemented in software, concurrent tasks need to be scheduled on a shared resource (the processor). The choice of the scheduling policy mainly depends on the specification of the system. For pure dataflow specifications, it is possible to apply a fully static scheduling technique, while for algorithms containing data-dependent control structures, like the if-then-else or while-do constructs, the dynamic behaviour of the system cannot be completely predicted at compile time and some scheduling decisions are to be made at run-time. For such applications we propose a Quasi-Static Scheduling (QSS) algorithm that generates a schedule in which run-time decisions are made only for data-dependent control structures. We use Free Choice Petri Nets (FCPNs), as the underlying model, and define quasi-static schedulability for FCPNs. The proposed algorithm is complete, in that it can solve QSS for any FCPN that is quasi-statically schedulable. Finally, we show how to synthesize from a quasi-static schedule a C code implementation that consists of a set of concurrent tasks.
Atomic environment effect on the magnetic properties of VAu 4

Abstract Susceptibility data for disordered VAu4 and for ordered (V0.9Ta0.1)Au4 suggest that a moment occurs only at V atoms having no V nearest neighbors, but that the moment increases with increasing number of V second-nearest and third-nearest neighbors.
IR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE REVERSIBLE EQUILIBRIA BETWEEN RH(I)(TRIPHOS) ARYLOXIDES, ARYLOXYCARBONYLS, AND CARBONYLS

Abstract The complex, [Rh(triphos)CO][PF 6 ] {triphos=bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenyl phosphine}, 4 , reacts with aryloxides, ArO − {Ar=C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 4 - p -CH 3 , C 6 H 4 - p -OCH 3 }. The formation and subsequent chemistry of the resulting aryloxycarbonyl complexes were observed by FTIR spectroscopy. These aryloxycarbonyl complexes are formed and decay via different pathways involving the fac - and mer -isomers of Rh(triphos)(CO)(OAr). Decarbonylation of Rh(triphos)(CO)(OAr) forms Rh(triphos)OAr, {Ar=C 6 H 5 ( 1 ), C 6 H 4 - p -CH 3 , ( 2 ) C 6 H 4 - p -OCH 3 ( 3 )}, while elimination of the aryloxide via a different pathway can also reform [Rh(triphos)CO][PF 6 ], 4 .
An atomic interaction-based continuum model for adhesive contact mechanics

A micro/nano-scale computational contact mechanics model is proposed to study the adhesive contact between deformable bodies. To model adhesive contact, an interatomic interaction potential is incorporated into the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics. The ensuing contact model is cast into an efficient finite element formulation which is implemented using an updated Lagrangian approach. The scaling of the model with respect to its geometrical size and the strength of adhesion is investigated. The proposed computational contact model is validated by a comparison with the analytical JKR and Maugis-Dugdale models.
Strongyloides colitis is a lethal mimic of ulcerative colitis: the key morphologic differential diagnosis

Strongyloides stercoralis colitis is a severe, but easily curable, form of strongyloidiasis that carries a high mortality rate if untreated. Autoinfection characteristic of Strongyloides stercoralis frequently makes the infection a life-long disease unless it is effectively treated. Our experience with 4 cases of Strongyloides colitis prompted us to assess the clinical outcome of the disease by literature review. In this case series, the misdiagnosis and resultant mortality rates of Strongyloides colitis are 52% and 39.1%, respectively. A low index of suspicion and morphologic resemblance to ulcerative colitis were the main sources of diagnostic error. Ulcerative colitis alone accounted for 38.5% of the erroneous diagnoses. Features of Strongyloides colitis that contrast with those of ulcerative colitis include (1) skip pattern of the inflammation, (2) distal attenuation of the disease, (3) eosinophil-rich infiltrates, (4) relative intact crypt architecture, and (5) frequent involvement of submucosa. We also found that history of steroid therapy, chronic colitis refractory to conventional immune-modifying management, and endoscopic finding of distal attenuation of the colitis are helpful clues. It is also our experience that if Strongyloides colitis is included in the differential diagnosis, the correct diagnosis can usually be made. Current therapy with ivermectin or albendazole is very effective at a cure rate greater than 98%. We believe that the misdiagnosis and mortality rates of this curable, but often, unnecessarily deadly, infectious disease are alarming and warrant efforts to increase the awareness of the disease.
Huge aneurysms of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva with leaflet perforation in an infant: A case report

At 28 months’ follow-up, TTE and right heart catheteriza-tion revealed normal left ventricular size and function, EF60%; mild RV dilatation with mildly reduced RV systolicfunction; moderate regurgitation of the mitral and tricuspidvalves, mean right atrial pressure of 4 mm Hg; and cardiacindex 4.1 L $min
A Comprehensive Review of Prehospital and In-hospital Delay Times in Acute Stroke Care

The purpose of this study was to systematically review and summarize prehospital and in-hospital stroke evaluation and treatment delay times. We identified 123 unique peer-reviewed studies published from 1981 to 2007 of prehospital and in-hospital delay time for evaluation and treatment of patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack, or stroke-like symptoms. Based on studies of 65 different population groups, the weighted Poisson regression indicated a 6.0% annual decline (P<0.001) in hours/year for prehospital delay, defined from symptom onset to emergency department arrival. For in-hospital delay, the weighted Poisson regression models indicated no meaningful changes in delay time from emergency department arrival to emergency department evaluation (3.1%, P=0.49 based on 12 population groups). There was a 10.2% annual decline in hours/year from emergency department arrival to neurology evaluation or notification (P=0.23 based on 16 population groups) and a 10.7% annual decline in hours/year for delay time from emergency department arrival to initiation of computed tomography (P=0.11 based on 23 population groups). Only one study reported on times from arrival to computed tomography scan interpretation, two studies on arrival to drug administration, and no studies on arrival to transfer to an in-patient setting, precluding generalizations. Prehospital delay continues to contribute the largest proportion of delay time. The next decade provides opportunities to establish more effective community-based interventions worldwide. It will be crucial to have effective stroke surveillance systems in place to better understand and improve both prehospital and in-hospital delays for acute stroke care.
Oligo(N-aryl glycines): A New Twist on Structured Peptoids

We explore strategies to enhance conformational ordering of N-substituted glycine peptoid oligomers. Peptoids bearing bulky N-alkyl side chains have previously been studied as important examples of biomimetic "foldamer" compounds, as they exhibit a capacity to populate helical structures featuring repeating cis-amide bonds. Substantial cis/trans amide bond isomerization, however, gives rise to conformational heterogeneity. Here, we report the use of N-aryl side chains as a tool to enforce the presence of trans-amide bonds, thereby engendering structural stability. Aniline derivatives and bromoacetic acid are used in the facile solid-phase synthesis of a diverse family of sequence-specific N-aryl glycine oligomers. Quantum mechanics calculations yield a detailed energy profile of the folding landscape and substantiate the hypothesis that the presence of anilide groups establishes a strong energetic preference for trans-amide bonds. X-ray crystallographic analysis and solution NMR studies verify this preference. Molecular modeling indicates that the linear oligomers can adopt helical structures resembling a polyproline type II helix. High resolution structures of macrocyclic oligomers incorporating both N-alkyl and N-aryl glycine units confirm the ability to direct the presence of trans-amide bonds specifically at N-aryl positions. These results are an important step in developing strategies for the rational de novo design of new structural motifs in biomimetic oligopeptoid systems.
The ontogeny of cell-mediated immunity: the response of the mouse to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB).

Cellular immunocompetence begins to develop in mice during the first week after birth, as indicated by skin allografting and graft-versus-host reactions, but delayed hypersensitivity has not yet been detected at this early age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ontogeny of delayed hypersensitivity in suckling mice. Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) is an antigenic hapten which, when applied to the skin, can elicit both delayed hypersensitivity and a humoral immune response. In adult mice the induction period of delayed hypersensitivity to DNFB is a blastogenic reaction (accumulation of lymphoblasts) in the diffuse, thymusdependent cortex of the lymph node draining the site of application. This blastogenic reaction reaches a peak three days after initial application of antigen and then subsides, to be followed by the development of germinal centers and numberous plasma cells — indicative of a humoral immune response — a week after initial sensitization. Suckling mice were sensitized by application of DNFB to the ears, and the auricular lymph nodes wer prepared for light and electron microscopy three and eight days after sensitization. The development of delayed hypersensitivity was assayed by applying DNFB to an ear, 5 to 12 days after initial sensitization, and measuring the increase in thickness of the ear 24 hours later. The results of these studies indicate that by two days of age, mice have the capacity to develop delayed hypersensitivity as shown by both a blastogenic reaction in the draining lymph node and a positive skin test. Mice sensitized at birth or on the next day did not respond in either way. Mice sensitized prior to two weeks of age did not develop the late phase of the response (the formation of germinal centers and plasma cells), which matured in parallel with the normal maturation of the machinery for antibody production during the third postnatal week. These observations strengthen the conclusion of previous investigations that the blastogenic response in the regional lymph node is the inductive phase of delayed hypersensitivity. Because the late phase of the response does not appear in mice sensitized before two weeks of age, these animals offer an unusual opportunity to study delayed hypersensitivity relatively uncomplicated by humoral antibody production.
Effects of Alcohol, Hot Drinks, or Smoking on Hand and Foot Heat Loss

Using precision calorimetric techniques for measuring extremity heat loss, possible contraindications or advantages of alcoholic or hot drinks or smoking just prior to cold exposure were assessed. Ten subjects were given 60-min exposures with one hand and one foot immersed in 15° C water, following the drinking of 1. 200 ml of 23° C water (control), 2. 200 ml of 23° C water containing 22 ml of absolute alcohol, 3. 200 ml of 55° C bouillon, 4. 200 ml of 23° C water and smoking 2 cigarettes. No significant effects were noted in the foot, but significant differences were observed in hand heat loss to the calorimeter; smoking depressed hand heat loss, alcohol elevated it. Smoking had a persistent influence, but the effect of alcohol had disappeared after 30 min. Bouillon had an effect similar to alcohol, but of shorter duration, and also resulted in a significantly reduced heat loss after 30 min. Alcohol produced a significantly higher amount of cold induced vasodilatation (CIVD) with greater total temperature elevation in 3 fingers than did smoking, although smoking did not prevent CIVD. With intake of bouillon, CIVD appeared earlier than with alcohol, and during the 1st 15 min, total temperature elevation in the 3 fingers was markedly higher than in the control run, but not as large as with alcohol. All differences were relatively small and would seem to be of little practical importance.
KINETIC AND CALCIUM-BINDING PROPERTIES OF THREE CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE ISOENZYMES FROM SOYBEAN

Calmodulin-like domain protein kinases (CDPKs) are a family of calcium- but not calmodulin-dependent protein kinases found in a wide variety of plants and in protists. CDPKs are encoded by large multigene families, and to assess whether family members play distinct or redundant roles in vivo, we characterized soybean CDPK isoforms alpha, beta, and gamma, which share 60-80% identity in amino acid sequence. RNA blot analysis showed that the three CDPKs were expressed in most plant tissues examined and in suspension-cultured soybean cells. Recombinant CDPKalpha, -beta, and -gamma phosphorylated peptide substrates containing the four-residue motif R/K-X-X-S/T, but CDPKalpha was the most selective for residues outside of the motif. The CDPKs were inhibited by the general protein kinase inhibitors K252a and staurosporine and by calphostin C, which is an inhibitor of protein kinase C. The calcium-binding properties of each CDPK were distinct. The Kd's for Ca2+ determined by flow dialysis in the absence of substrates were 51, 1.4, and 1.6 micro M for CDPKalpha, -beta, and -gamma, respectively. In the presence of the peptide substrate syntide-2 the Kd of CDPKalpha decreased to 0.6 microM. Also, the sensitivity of this isoenzyme's activity to calcium varied with protein substrate. The concentrations of Ca2+ required for half-maximal activity (K0.5) for each CDPK with syntide-2 as substrate were 0.06, 0.4, and 1 micro M, respectively. These results show that members of the CDPK family differ in biochemical properties and support the hypothesis that each isoform may have a distinct role in calcium signal transduction.
Renal hemodynamic and diuretic effects of low‐dosage dopamine in anesthetized cats

Objective: To evaluate the effects of low-dosage (3 μg/kg/min) dopamine on urine output, renal blood flow, creatinine clearance, sodium excretion, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in healthy anesthetized cats. Design: Controlled experimental study. Setting: University experimental laboratory. Animals: Twelve random-bred 2–4-year-old cats. Interventions: Anesthesia, laparotomy for renal artery blood flow measurement, and arterial and venous catheterization. Measurements: Heart rate (HR), MAP, renal blood flow, urine output, sodium excretion, fractional sodium excretion, and creatinine clearance. Main results: No significant difference in urine output, sodium excretion, HR, or creatinine clearance occurred in cats receiving low-dosage dopamine. A transient decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure occurred in cats receiving dopamine. Conclusions: Low-dosage dopamine cannot be expected to induce diuresis in healthy cats. Low-dosage dopamine may cause vasodilation in non-renal vascular beds.
Resolving the Coronary Artery Disease Epidemic Through Plant-Based Nutrition

The world’s advanced countries have easy access to plentiful high-fat food; ironically, it is this rich diet that produces atherosclerosis. In the world’s poorer nations, many people subsist on a primarily plantbased diet, which is far healthier, especially in terms of heart disease. To treat coronary heart disease, a century of scientific investigation has produced a device-driven, risk factor-oriented strategy. Nevertheless, many patients treated with this approach experience progressive disability and death. This strategy is a rear-guard defensive one. In contrast, compelling data from nutritional studies, population surveys, and interventional studies support the effectiveness of a plant-based diet and aggressive lipid lowering to arrest, prevent, and selectively reverse heart disease. In essence, this is an offensive strategy. The single biggest step toward adopting this strategy would be to have United States dietary guidelines support a plant-based diet. An expert committee purged of industrial and political influence is required to assure that science is the basis for dietary recommendations. (Prev Cardiol. 2001;4:171‐177) ©2001 CHF, Inc.
Strong orbital anisotropy in the exchange interaction in Fe3+ : EuGaG

Abstract Orbitally anisotropic exchange interaction 1 3 a μν Y μν ( Eu ) Eu · Fe (0 is introduced, in addition to the isotropic exchange -2a∞ Eu· Fe, to interpret the observed spin-Hamiltonian parameters g and D of Fe3+ doped into EuGaG. Strong orbital anisotropy is found: The parameter a20 is estimated from the g-shift to be comparable in magnitude to a∞, and the harmonics Yμν( Eu) of rank μ > 2 are found from D to be overridingly important.
Numerical experiments on the accuracy of ENO and modified ENO schemes

Further numerical experiments are made assessing an accuracy degeneracy phenomena. A modified essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) scheme is proposed, which recovers the correct order of accuracy for all the test problems with smooth initial conditions and gives comparable results with the original ENO schemes for discontinuous problems.
Matrix-Operator Description of the Propagation of Polarized Light through Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

The propagation of polarized light within the cholesteric structure along its helical axis is conveniently expressed in terms of four 2-by-2 matrix operators. This description is useful in studying the change in the state of polarization of a beam propagating along the helical axis. The well-known properties of the liquid crystals come out as natural consequences of the properties of these operators. In particular, for a certain region of wavelengths as the beam propagates along the helical axis, a vector representing the state of polarization in Stokes space precesses about the s3 axis. The s3 axis stands for circular polarization. Furthermore, owing to the properties of the matrix operators, if the propagation of polarized light within the liquid crystal is described in diagonal form for propagation in one direction along the helical axis, then it cannot have a diagonal form for propagation in the opposite direction.
Genotype-by-sex and environment-by-sex interactions influence variation in serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in adult baboons (Papio hamadryas)

Abstract While more than 77% of the people in the US with osteoporosis are women, the contributions of genotype-by-sex (G×S) and environment-by-sex interactions to sex differences in osteoporosis risk factors have not been studied. To address this issue, we conducted a statistical genetic analysis of serum concentrations of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (Bone ALP), a highly specific marker of osteoblast function that is elevated in persons with conditions like osteoporosis characterized by excessive bone turnover or rapid bone loss. We assayed Bone ALP from 657 pedigreed baboons using a commercially available ELISA kit. Using a maximum likelihood variance decomposition approach, we treated sex as an environmental milieu in which genes influencing Bone ALP levels are expressed. We modeled the genetic covariance in Bone ALP between all relative pairs conditional on their sex so that the covariance is the product of the kinship, the genetic correlation between trait levels in the two sexes, and the genetic variances in the two sexes. Sex-specific maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of residual heritability for Bone ALP were greater for females than for males ( h 2 = 0.44 vs. h 2 = 0.26, respectively), but likelihood ratio tests revealed only a marginally significant difference in sex-specific genetic variances ( P = 0.057). In contrast, the between-sex genetic correlation ( ρ G = 0.43) was significantly less than 1.0 ( P = 0.037), and the difference in sex-specific environmental variances was highly significant ( P = 0.00006). We report the first evidence for G×S interactions influencing variation in an osteoporosis risk factor. The diminished between-sex genetic correlation implies that different genes influence Bone ALP levels in the two sexes. The significant differences between environmental variances suggest that unmeasured factors, including those from the internal, biological environments of the two sexes, account for a greater proportion of the Bone ALP variation in males.
USE OF SELECTED MANAGEMENT SCIENCE TECHNIQUES IN HEALTH CARE FOODSERVICE SYSTEMS

Many management science techniques have been reported by foodservice researchers but use by foodservice managers has not been documented. Due to the lack of this information, the purposes of this paper are to: (1) identify the value and use of management science techniques in healthcare foodservice systems; (2) identify the problems most frequently faced by health care foodservice managers; (3) and make recommendations for use of management science techniques in health care foodservices. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 200 members of the ADA practice group, Members with Management Responsibilities in Health Care Delivery Systems. The response rate was 28.5%; the mean value and frequency of use was highest for perpetual inventory and lowest for linear programming. The most frequently used forecasting method was simple average. None of the five methods for capital investment had been used by the respondents. Six major problem areas were reported and recommendations for uses of management science techniques were made.
Methods for the synthesis of the diels-alder catalysts (ArO)2TiX2 (X = Cl, Br, I; Ar = 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)

A procedure for converting titanium diethylamidos to the corresponding dihalides (Cl, Br, I) and a complementary method for converting titanium dichlorides into dibromides and diiodides are reported. These methods were utilized to synthesize a family of homogeneous and polymer-supported Diels−Alder catalysts with the general formula (ArO)2TiX2 (X = Cl, Br, I; Ar = 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl).
Building a relational database for a physician document index

We show how three existing medical knowledge bases: Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Standardized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) and Current Medical Information and Technology (CMIT) are mapped into a relational data model and stored on an Apollo workstation and an Intelligent Database Machine. Since two of these knowledge bases have been used in the indexing of medical literature and patient records, they can be useful not only as direct views on the organization of medical concepts but also as tools for the retrieval of documents. In order that the concepts from one knowledge base can be connected to those of the other knowledge base, a method has been developed for the semi-automatic merging of MeSH, SNOMED and CMIT. This method takes advantage of the relational model and the synonyms that are given in SNOMED and CMIT, in order to recommend concepts to be merged. An expert interacts with the system to accept or reject the recommendations of the computer. The method would apply equally well to other knowledge bases and is particularly well-suited for knowledge bases that contain tens of thousands of concepts.