cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relying on the Preventive Medicine Libraries and Improving Information Literacy of Disease Control Professional Staffs

The paper briefly introduces the development of information literacy concept and the necessity of promoting information literacy of disease control professional staffs.It proposes suggestions on improving the information literacy of disease control professional staffs relying on preventive medicine library,including popularizing information retrieval knowledge,carrying out multi-level knowledge service and creating information atmosphere,etc.
The Taxes of Toka. SB XVI 12324 Reconsidered

H. C. Youtie published this text (P.Mich. inv. 439) with the description of "complaint about a sitologos" in BASP 16 (1979) 145 -147. Hs major point of interest is a list of tax rates, unfortunate1y broken off after the first few entries, which Youtie compared to P.Oxy. XVI 1905.
New Concepts in the Surgical Treatment of the Craniofacial Synostosis Syndromes in the Infant

Strip craniectomy has traditionally been employed for the correction of craniofacial synostosis in infants but the deformity is often progressive. Combined stripping of the coronal and sphenozygomatic sutures, frontal bone advancement, and the rearrangement of frontal bone flaps have recently been used successfully to decompress the cranium in order to restore facial contour and prevent blindness and mental retardation.
Registration of Developmental Image Sequences with Missing Data

Longitudinal image registration is commonly used to establish spatial correspondence between images when investigating temporal changes in brain morphology. Most image registration methods have been developed to align images that are similar in appearance or structure. If such similarity is not given (e.g., in the case of neurodevelopmental studies, which is the target application of this paper), (i) local similarity measures, (ii) metamorphosis approaches, or (iii) methods modeling longitudinal intensity change can be used. Methods modeling longitudinal intensity change have the advantage of not treating images as independent static samples. However, missing or incomplete data can lead to poor model estimation and, in turn, poor registration. Therefore, incomplete longitudinal data sets are often excluded from analysis. Here, we propose a method to build a longitudinal atlas of intensity change and incorporate it as a prior into an existing model-based registration method. We show that using the prior can guide the deformable registration of longitudinal images of brain development with missing data and produce comparable registration results to complete data sets.
Preparation of the dead in coastal Andean preceramic populations

This paper addresses the earliest known artificial mummification in the world which was practiced by the Chinchorro Culture of South America 8,000 years ago (Uhle, 1919; Alvarez, 1969; Nunez, 1969; Allison et al., 1984; Arriaza, 1993). Mortuary techniques used by the preceramic Chinchorro Culture will be reviewed and it will be argued that less complex socio-political organizations cannot necessarily be equated with simple mortuary practices. Two fundamental questions will be discussed: 1) why did the Chinchorro develop their laborious mortuary practices? and 2) what is the anthropological relevance of studying preparations of the dead? These are basic questions which do not have simple answers, but are essential for understanding mummification customs and the utility of preceramic mortuary studies in anthropology.
Dynamics of the τ Decay

We present additional evidence against the vector-meson hypothesis obtained from the $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}e$ events accumulated at SPEAR. Assuming that $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is a heavy lepton, we show that the data satisfy predicted scaling in the $z$ variable and determine the "Michel parameter" for the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ decay to be $0.32l\ensuremath{\rho}l~1$.
A phase II study of preoperative (preop) bevacizumab (bev) followed by dose-dense (dd) doxorubicin (A)/cyclophosphamide (C)/paclitaxel (T) in combination with bev in HER2-negative operable breast cancer (BC).

1026 Background: Two recent preop studies evaluating bev showed conflicting results, particularly in hormone receptor (HR)+ BC. Identification of predictive markers and their relationship to the ph...
Mechanical Characterization of Prosthetic Feet and Shell Covers Using a Force Loading Apparatus

To assist in the redirection of kinetic energy many modern prosthetic feet often utilize a so called energy storing and return (ESAR) design that is achieved through dorsiflexion and elastic bending to facilitate forward propulsion during push-off. Consequently, the proper selection of the foot stiffness and mechanical response for an individual amputee is significant; however, the component stiffness and mechanical properties between manufactures remains largely unreported. This study reports independent characterization of TLM Prosthetics TaiLor Made foot with interchangeable springs and Freedom Innovations Renegade foot using mechanical testing techniques to determine the stiffness, viscoelasticity, and localized material strain in prosthetic feet and their cosmetic covers. Mechanical data are acquired during the compressive loading of the prosthetic foot via force-deflection sensors and digital image correlation. In doing so, this contribution demonstrates a curtailed characterization process that can be used to quantify properties for other modern foot prosthetics.
Photochemical Properties of CH2═CH-CFCl-CF2Br (4-Bromo-3-chloro-3,4,4-trifluoro-1-butene) and CH3-O-CH(CF3)2 (Methyl Hexafluoroisopropyl Ether): OH Reaction Rate Constants and UV and IR Absorption Spectra.

Rate constants for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether (CH3-O-CH(CF3)2) and 4-bromo-3-chloro-3,4,4-trifluoro-1-butene (CH2═CH-CFCl-CF2Br) have been measured over the temperature range 230–370 K to give the following Arrhenius expressions: kCH3OCH(CF3)2(T) = 7.69 × 10–14 × (T/298)2.99 × exp(+342/T), cm3 molecule–1 s–1, and kCH2CHCFClCF2Br(T) = (6.45 ± 0.72) × 10–13 × exp{+(424 ± 32)/T}, cm3 molecule–1 s–1. Atmospheric lifetimes of compounds were estimated to be 67 days and 4.5 days, respectively. UV absorption spectrum of CH2═CH-CFCl-CF2Br between 164 and 260 nm and IR absorption spectra of both compounds between 450 and 1600 cm–1 were measured at room temperature.
Progressive Educators and the Professionalization of Educational Research in the USSR, 1917-1927

This article examines the efforts made by Soviet progressive educators to accommodate themselves to the new Soviet government and the consequences thereof. Russia’s pre-revolutionary progressive education community sought to indirectly transform state and society by encouraging the creation of “schools of citizenship” that would educate all – regardless of class, creed, and gender – for lives of “harmonious development” and active engagement. Bolshevik victory in 1917 presented progressive educators with an ironic dilemma: the party that most progressives rejected as coarse, violent, and undemocratic embraced their ideas with a passion and energy unseen from every previous government. Could progressive educators work for such a benefactor? They could and they did, in great numbers. But to distance themselves from a ruling party they disdained, progressives wrapped themselves in the language of professionalism and retreated into self-contained institutes, governmental bureaucracies, and experimental schools. These developments warped the content of Russian progressive education, distanced progressives from the schools they sought to transform, and hastened the demise of educational progressivism in the Soviet Union. This article makes extensive use of archival documents, published primary sources, and both Russian and English-language secondary sources.
How do selling mechanisms affect profits, surplus, capacity and prices with unknown demand?

I analyze a model in which a seller wishes to sell multiple homogeneous goods to a large group of buyers with unknown demand. The seller may either sell objects via a posted-price mechanism, a discriminatory-price auction, a uniform-price auction, their open-bid analogs, or a revelation mechanism in which the seller first asks all potential buyers to report their valuations and then sets a reserve price. I show that the revelation mechanism leads to the greatest profits, the auction mechanisms result in identical expected profits and the posted-price mechanism results in the smallest profits. However, the more profitable mechanisms impose stronger informational requirements that may make these mechanisms infeasible in practice, and the posted-price mechanism also results in the greatest total surplus. I also find the seller chooses a lower capacity and reserve price in an auction than in the posted-price mechanism.
Federal Income-Driven Repayment Plans and Short-Term Student Loan Outcomes:

This brief uses administrative data provided on the Baccalaureate and Beyond and Beginning Postsecondary Students data sets to examine student loan repayment over time. Specifically, we provide descriptive details on what differentiates borrowers in income-driven repayment (IDR) plans and explore the relationship between these plans and short-term repayment outcomes. While IDR has many benefits, our analysis suggests there may also be negative consequences to increased participation in these plans.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Verbraucherforschung in Österreich vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftstheoretischer Diagnosen

In diesem Beitrag gehen wir in konzeptioneller Hinsicht auf die enge Relation von Verbraucherpolitik und -forschung ein, um uns der Frage zu nahern, welche Moglichkeiten und Grenzen fur eine Verbraucherforschung in Osterreich bestehen. Einer praxeologischen Perspektive folgend werden vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftstheoretischer Konzepte zur genealogischen Entwicklung von Verbraucherpolitiken, der Kolonialisierung lebensweltlicher Spharen und deren Erscheinungen sowie des analytischen Konzepts autonomer und heteronomer Wirkkrafte Experteninterviews und Dokumente analysiert. Dabei werden Forschungspraktiken, verbraucherpolitische Praktiken, Positionierungen von wissenschaftlichen wie auch politischen Akteurinnen und Akteuren und deren praxisspezifischen Leitorientierungen, die von ihnen genutzt werden, tentativ interpretiert. Auf dieser Basis lassen sich einerseits Entwicklungsstand und Szenarien der Weiterentwicklung einer Verbraucherforschung in Osterreich konturieren und andererseits Einblicke in die asymmetrische (Ko-)Konstitution verbraucherpolitischer Aktivitaten und Forschungsaktivitaten geben, die den theoretischen Rahmen uber das empirische Material modifizieren und konkretisieren.
The Square Integrable Span of Locally Square Integrable Functions

A method using limits of inverses of Gram type matrices is given for determining the square integrable span of a finite sequence of locally square integrable functions.
Electronic Structure and Spectra of Impurities in the More Ionic Crystals

The physics and chemistry of the solid state nearly always involve impurities or defects in crystals. It is impossible to get rid of them entirely, so they are present whether we want them or not. But a large class of phenomena and devices depend on impurity or defect behavior, so the control and understanding of these objects is very important.
Outline of a naive semantics for reasoning with qualitative linguistic information

This paper describes the mathematical basis for a computer language which can be used for representing natural human reasoning with imprecise linguistic information. The approach to doing this employs a collection of abstraction mechanisms which are based on the concept of a linguistic variable first introduced by Zadeh [1975]. The present semantics differs from that of Zadeh, however, in that (i) it does not require the use of fuzzy sets for the interpretation of linguistic terms, and (ii) the meanings of logical inferences are given as algorithms which act directly on linguistic terms themselves, rather than on their underlying interpretations. Two distinct types of deduction algorithm are proposed. The overall objective is to devise a reasoning system having sufficient generality that it can conveniently employ these plus others in a unified frame.
The Impact of Oil Price on Additions to U.S. Proven Reserves

Departing from Hotelling's assumption of fixed and known reserves, this paper develops an economic model of additions to proven reserves that explicitly incorporates the effects of expected resource price, cumulative reserves development, and technological progress on reserve additions. The model treats additions to proven oil reserves as output of a production process in which drilling wells is a primary input to transform some of oil-in-place into the economic category of proven reserves. Application of the model to U.S. data for the1950-1995 period provides strong statistical support for the existence of all the three salient effects. We obtain an estimate of the price elasticity of reserve additions (absent from previous studies) which, although statistically highly significant, is rather small. Using this price elasticity estimate, it is shown that if in the face of steady economic growth, and hence oil consumption, U.S. oil import dependence is to be kept from rising in the future, ceteris paribus, a steady oil price increase in the range of 1.5 to 4.5 percent a year is essential. Key Words: reserves additions, price effect, depletion, technological progress, oil dependence
Licking the sharp edge of the sword

This Forum contribution seeks to provide more rigour in the analysis of crisis scenarios involving low probability/high consequence events and their seeming intractabilities in analysis and action.
Abstract 3691: Collagen 1 fiber content may predict for recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises 85% of all lung cancers. Approximately 30-50% of NSCLC recur despite curative resection. There is a major unmet need to identify NSCLC that are likely to recur so that these patients may be treated with more aggressive therapies. Collagen 1 (Col1) fibers are a major structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumors. While increased Col1 fibers have been associated with increased metastasis in breast cancer, the role of Col1 in NSCLC and its relationship to recurrence has not been previously examined. We performed a blinded second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy study on tumor tissue obtained from 5 patients with nonrecurrent NSCLC and 5 patients with recurrent NSCLC. Col1 fibers were detected with SHG microscopy that detects an intrinsic signal derived from the noncentrosymmetric molecular structure of Col1 fibers. SHG microscopy of tumor regions was performed on the HE 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3691.
POGIL in Computer Science: Faculty Motivation and Challenges

Introductory computer science courses face multiple challenges, including a broad range of content, diverse teaching methods, and the need to help students develop skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and teamwork. One evidence-based approach to address these challenges is Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), in which student teams work on classroom activities specifically designed to help them construct understanding and develop key skills. While POGIL has been widely used and studied in Chemistry and other STEM fields, much less is known about how it is used in Computer Science. In this study, we examined how faculty adopt POGIL for the first time in introductory CS classrooms. Using qualitative in-depth interviews, we investigated why faculty chose to adopt POGIL and their concerns about using it. Our results suggest that faculty motivations to use POGIL centered around improving student outcomes, including their learning and engagement. However, faculty also had concerns about using POGIL, which ranged from how POGIL impacts the curriculum to logistical and institutional barriers. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to faculty development and active learning pedagogies.
Efficient real time optimization using a data-driven piecewise affine model

Abstract A data-driven real time optimization (RTO) scheme is proposed for complex processes under uncertainties. The objective is to optimize the economic performance of a plant when its first-principle model is difficult to obtain. To this end, a piecewise affine (PWA) model is built by fitting the operating data to predict the production of a process. The trust region of the PWA model is also characterized to ensure reliable predictions. Then, the RTO is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) based on the PWA model. To alleviate the computational demands, we also develop a dynamic programming (DP) scheme that solves the RTO to a near-optimal solution. Two case studies show that the PWA model can accurately forecast the real productions when the process is operated within the trust region, and the proposed DP scheme takes less time to find a better solution than the state-of-the-art solver for the large-scale MINLP.
Developmental NMDA receptor dysregulation in the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis mouse model

Protein palmitoylation and depalmitoylation alter protein function. This post-translational modification is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mutation of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) causes infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1), a pediatric neurodegenerative disease. However, the role of protein depalmitoylation in synaptic maturation is unknown. Therefore, we studied synapse development in Ppt1-/- mouse visual cortex. We demonstrate that the developmental N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit switch from GluN2B to GluN2A is stagnated in Ppt1-/- mice. Correspondingly, Ppt1-/- neurons exhibit immature evoked NMDAR currents and dendritic spine morphology in vivo. Further, dissociated Ppt1-/- cultured neurons show extrasynaptic, diffuse calcium influxes and enhanced vulnerability to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, reflecting the predominance of GluN2B-containing receptors. Remarkably, Ppt1-/- neurons demonstrate hyperpalmitoylation of GluN2B as well as Fyn kinase, which regulates surface retention of GluN2B. Thus, PPT1 plays a critical role in postsynapse maturation by facilitating the GluN2 subunit switch and proteostasis of palmitoylated proteins.
Auger Electron Spectroscopy

When a vacancy is formed in one of the inner shells of an atom, it may be filled by either a radiative (x ray) or nonradiative (Auger) process. In most instances nature chooses the Auger process. Only when the transition energy exceeds roughly 10 keV is x-ray emission predominant. Thus, the fluorescence yield is greater than 0.5 only for vacancies in the K shells of atoms whose Z > 30, and in a few cases in the L shell for very heavy elements. (The fluorescence yield ω is defined as equal to the number of times a vacancy in a given shell is filled by a radiative process divided by the total number of times that hole is filled.) Why, then, are x rays well known even to the man in the street, while the understanding of the Auger processes has been until recently restricted to the specialist? The answer lies simply in the ease of measurement. X rays are a highly penetrating radiation, while Auger electrons have only a small mean free path in solids.
Transition levels of intrinsic defects in type-II InAs/InAs0.5Sb0.5 strained-layer superlattices

We report a first-principles study of the formation energies and transition energy levels of intrinsic point defects, including In and As vacancies, antisites, and interstitials, in the InAs and InAs0.5Sb0.5 regions of the type-II InAs/InAs0.5Sb0.5 strained-layer superlattices (SLSs). Both strain and the quantum confinement effects are thoroughly studied. The transition levels of the defects calculated from the strained bulk InAs and InAsSb are aligned to the band edge states of the SLS. The calculations reveal that both the strain and the change of the SLS band edges have significant effects on the transition levels and change in turn the role of these defects in the recombination of carriers through the Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism.
Tumor-on-a-chip for integrating a 3D tumor microenvironment: chemical and mechanical factors

Tumor progression, including metastasis, is significantly influenced by factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as mechanical force, shear stress, chemotaxis, and hypoxia. At present, most cancer studies investigate tumor metastasis by conventional cell culture methods and animal models, which are limited in data interpretation. Although patient tissue analysis, such as human patient-derived xenografts (PDX), can provide important clinical relevant information, they may not be feasible for functional studies as they are costly and time-consuming. Thus, in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models are rapidly being developed that mimic TME and allow functional investigations of metastatic mechanisms and drug responses. One of those new 3D models is tumor-on-a-chip technology that provides a powerful in vitro platform for cancer research, with the ability to mimic the complex physiological architecture and precise spatiotemporal control. Tumor-on-a-chip technology can provide integrated features including 3D scaffolding, multicellular culture, and a vasculature system to simulate dynamic flow in vivo. Here, we review a select set of recent achievements in tumor-on-a-chip approaches and present potential directions for tumor-on-a-chip systems in the future for areas including mechanical and chemical mimetic systems. We also discuss challenges and perspectives in both biological factors and engineering methods for tumor-on-a-chip progress. These approaches will allow in the future for the tumor-on-a-chip systems to test therapeutic approaches for individuals through using their cancerous cells gathered through approaches like biopsies, which then will contribute toward personalized medicine treatments for improving their outcomes.
Hyperthermia combined with nanoparticles to enhance cytotoxic effects of fresh human soft tissue sarcoma.

e23570Background: Sarcomas represent 1% of all adult cancers and 20% of all pediatric cancers worldwide.Sarcomas are heterogeneous with more than 50 histologic subtypes involving the mesenchyme inc...
Early Intervention with Lenalidomide in Patients with High-risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Purpose: Infectious complications constitute a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients respond poorly to vaccines, particularly pneumococcal polysaccharide and influenza vaccines. In addition, patients with genetically high-risk disease are at increased risk for early disease progression and death. Lenalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory agent with demonstrated clinical activity in CLL, can potentially restore immune system dysfunction associated with CLL while improving disease outcomes. Patients and Methods: Phase II study randomized 49 patients with genetically high-risk CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL; defined as unmutated Ig heavy chain variable region, deletion(17p) or (11q), and/or complex abnormal karyotype], to receive lenalidomide either concurrent (arm A) or sequential to (arm B) two doses of 13-valent protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) administered 2 months apart, in patients not meeting International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia treatment criteria. Results: Four serotypes (3, 4, 5, 6B) achieved the additional seroprotection definition of a fourfold increase in arm A, and six serotypes (3, 4, 5, 6B, 19A, 19F) in arm B. All patients achieved the defined concentration of 0.35 μg/mL for at least one serotype tested. No significant difference was observed with the addition of lenalidomide. At median time on treatment of 3.6 years, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.1—not reached]. PFS at 1, 2, and 3 years was 85% (95% CI, 72–93), 79% (95% CI, 64–88), and 72% (95% CI, 57–83), respectively. Conclusions: Lenalidomide is efficacious with manageable toxicities as an early intervention strategy in patients with high-risk CLL, but did not enhance humoral response to PCV13 vaccine.
A multifunctional polymeric coating incorporating lawsone with corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity for biomedical Mg alloys

Abstract The clinical application of magnesium (Mg)-based alloys as temporary orthopedic implants is highly limited by their rapid corrosion rate in the physiological environment. Herein, an anti-corrosive polymeric coating based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and lawsone was prepared on AZ31 Mg alloy to improve its corrosion resistance. Lawsone was incorporated into the coating as a corrosion inhibitor to enhance the passive corrosion protection of the PCL coating through its strong chelation ability of dissolving Mg2+. Anti-corrosion properties of the coatings were assessed by electrochemical techniques and in vitro immersion tests, and the results demonstrated a remarkable improvement in corrosion resistance of the bare Mg alloy. In addition to the corrosion inhibition effect, incorporation of lawsone provided the coating with a strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. Moreover, the fabricated coating was cytocompatible (viability of > 85 %) toward human fetal osteoblast cells. The findings of this work highlighted the great potential of lawsone as a natural corrosion inhibitor for fabrication of corrosion protective, antibacterial, and biocompatible coatings on Mg-based biodegradable implants.
Perinatal COVID-19: guideline development, implementation, and challenges.

Purpose of review The aim of this review was to describe the process of and challenges in developing national guidance for management of infants born to mothers with COVID-19. Recent findings Beginning in January 2020, infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread across the USA, causing the illness COVID-19. As pregnant women began to present for delivery while sick with COVID-19, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convened a writing group in March 2020 to develop guidance for the management of their newborns. The initial guidance was developed emergently and was forced to rely on extremely limited data from China. The initial guidance advocated for a conservative approach that included temporary physical separation of infected mother and newborn. To address the knowledge deficit, the AAP sponsored a volunteer registry to collect data on perinatal infection and management. As data have emerged informing the natural history of COVID-19, the performance of PCR-based diagnostics, the value of infection control measures and the risk of infant disease, AAP has issued serial updates to newborn guidance. Summary Evolving knowledge on the epidemiology of perinatal COVID-19 has informed newborn guidance. The most recent guidance focuses on the use of infection control measures to support maternal-newborn contact and breastfeeding.
Gender Affirming Care

Gender is a concept that encompasses a complex relationship between a person’s body or physical sexual characteristics, their identity or a deeply held internal sense of self, and their gender expression or the way they present themselves to the world. Gender is distinct from sex, which describes the biological make-up of the individual. People are typically assigned a sex at birth based on the characteristic appearance of their genitalia as male or female, which is referred to as “natal sex.” Gender exists on a spectrum, and individuals who identify as transgender or gender non-conforming have unique healthcare needs. In this chapter, we discuss ways to improve the experience that transgender people have when interfacing with the healthcare system, preventative health topics, as well as specifics of gender affirming hormone therapy.
Zero fluoroscopy approach versus fluoroscopy approach for cardiac arrhythmia ablations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Radiofrequency catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias has traditionally been guided by fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy exposes the patient, operator, and staff to ionizing radiation which has no safe dose void of stochastic and deterministic biologic risks. Zero fluoroscopy (ZF) approaches for catheter ablation have been advocated to eliminate these risks. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing acute procedure success, recurrence-free survival, complications, and procedure times between the approaches. Methods We conducted a literature search from inception through December 2020 in the databases of EMBASE and MEDLINE. We included randomized controlled trials and cohorts that compared the outcomes of interest in ZF and conventional/low fluoroscopy (CF/LF) approaches. The outcomes sought were acute procedure success, recurrence-free survival, complications, and procedure times. Effect estimates were combined, using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results Sixteen studies from 2013 to 2020, including 6,052 patients (2,219 ZF, 3,833 CF/LF) were included. There were no significant differences in acute procedure success rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% CI 0.75-1.59), recurrence-free survival (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78-1.49), periprocedural complication rate (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.45-1.16), or total procedure time (weighted mean difference 2.32 minutes, 95% CI -2.85-7.50) between ZF and CF/LF approaches, respectively. Overall, only 1.26% of patients crossed over from ZF to CF/LF arm. Conclusions Peri- and post-procedural outcomes with a ZF approach compared favorably with traditional fluoroscopic guidance without increasing procedural times. As comfort with ZF grows, coupled with evolving mapping technologies, this method has potential to become the standard approach for catheter ablation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Timely Update of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Classification in the Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Endometrial Carcinomas

Context.— Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States and has been traditionally classified based on histology. However, the distinction of certain histologic subtypes based on morphology is not uncommonly problematic, and as such, immunohistochemical study is often needed. Advances in comprehensive tumor sequencing have provided novel molecular profiles of endometrial carcinomas. Four distinct molecular subtypes with different prognostic values have been proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas program: polymerase epsilon ultramutated, microsatellite instability hypermutated, copy number low (microsatellite stable or no specific molecular profile), and copy number high (serouslike, p53 mutant). Objective.— To discuss the utilities of commonly used immunohistochemical markers for the classification of endometrial carcinomas and to review the recent advancements of The Cancer Genome Atlas molecular reclassification and their potential impact on treatment strategies. Data sources.— Literature review and authors' personal practice experience. Conclusions.— The current practice of classifying endometrial cancers is predominantly based on morphology. The use of ancillary testing, including immunohistochemistry, is helpful in the identification, differential diagnosis, and classification of these cancers. New developments such as molecular subtyping have provided insightful prognostic values for endometrial carcinomas. The proposed The Cancer Genome Atlas classification is poised to gain further prominence in guiding the prognostic evaluation for tailored treatment strategies in the near future.
A Survey: Feature Extraction Techniques and machine learning models for Depression Analysis

The most common psychiatric disorder is Clinical Depression. More than fifteen percent of people undergo an incident of major depression sometime during their life. There is an increase in depressive disorders and other-regarding symptoms in past years, which leads to the importance of early detection of depression. Detection of depression can be automated by analyzing a person's behaviour and emotions. The depressive disorder influences auditory speech qualities, facial expressions, thinking, and some cardiovascular activities; hence depression can be recognized by analyzing such factors and also trying to find out which method is more suitable and reliable. Through preprocessing, features of different signals are extracted and further handled to develop a machine learning model. Neural Networks are a faster and efficient way to analyze depression. This survey briefs about different techniques and machine learning models for depression detection.
The Heme Biosynthesis Pathway and Clinical Manifestations of Abnormal Function

Biosynthesis of heme is important for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The enzymes for this multistep process are distributed between the cytosol and mitochondria in eukaryotes. In humans there are inherited and acquired disorders characterized by over synthesis of one or more enzymes or absence of an enzyme. This overview discusses each enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway.
Intravenous methadone in the management of chronic cancer pain: safe and effective starting doses when substituting methadone for fentanyl.

BACKGROUND Patients often are rotated from other opioids to methadone when side effects occur before satisfactory analgesia is achieved. Various strategies have been proposed to estimate safe and effective starting doses of methadone when rotating from morphine and hydromorphone; however, there are no guidelines for estimating safe and effective starting doses of methadone when rotating from fentanyl. METHODS The authors prospectively observed 18 consecutive patients experiencing chronic pain from cancer who underwent opioid rotation from intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl to intravenous PCA with methadone. Patients were switched from fentanyl to methadone because of uncontrolled pain associated with sedation or confusion. A conversion ratio of 25 μg/hour of fentanyl to 0.1 mg/hour of methadone was used to calculate the initial dose of methadone in all patients. RESULTS Mean pain scores decreased from 8.1 to 4.8 on Day 1 after the switch and to 3.22 on Day 4 after the switch. Mean sedation scores were 1.5 before the switch and 0.44 and 0.16 on Days 1 and 4, respectively. Among the 6 patients who experienced confusion while on fentanyl before the switch, 5 improved within 2 days of the switch. None of the patients experienced toxicity from methadone. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this preliminary study, the authors suggest that when switching from intravenous fentanyl to methadone a conversion ratio of 25 μg/hour of fentanyl to 0.1 mg/hour of methadone may be safe and effective. Cancer 2001;92:1919–25. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Process dependency of MOSFET depletion mode MOS capacitors in series compensation

This paper discusses the realization of linear capacitors using two series connected MOS transistors in depletion mode. The efficiency of this approach is compared to poly-metal or poly-poly capacitors for several sub-micron processes. The linearity achievable with this technique is predicted for various sub-micron processes based on BSIM3 models in HSPICE. The simulations revealed a significant variation in capacitance (2% - 10%) over the usable voltage range. Incremental improvements in linearity are observed as the device geometries are scaled down. If the operation of a circuit depends on capacitor ratios only, the non-linearities of the individual capacitors can partially cancel out. Thus, despite relatively large changes in capacitance, the circuits can still achieve a high linearity. This point is illustrated by example of 2 frequently employed switched-capacitor circuits, a non-inverting integrator and a second-order bandpass/lowpass filter section.
In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. III. T-cell requirement for initiation but not maintenance of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cells.

Abstract The in vitro anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming-cell (anti-SRBC PFC) response of primed rabbit spleen cells can be abrogated by prior treatment with anti-thymocyte serum plus complement (ATS + C). The direct addition of ATS without C to stimulated cultures also reduces the response 60–90%, if the antiserum is added before the initiation of antigen-stimulated PFC production. However, the PFC response becomes refractory to ATS inhibition by 48 hr. This loss of ATS sensitivity is not caused by T cells themselves becoming refractory to ATS for the following reasons: (i) ATS + C treatment or ATS addition at 48 hr causes cytotoxic effects comparable to similar treatments at 0 hr; (ii) The responsiveness of cells incubated 48 hr before the addition of SRBC remains sensitive to ATS inhibition at that time. The loss of ATS sensitivity is also not the result of soluble T-cell factors which have accumulated in the medium, because the number of PFC in stimulated cultures continues to increase after treating with ATS + C and reculturing in fresh medium at 48 hr. We conclude that T cells are required to initiate the production of antibody by B cells but are not required to maintain the later proliferative events.
Predicting success: What medical student measures predict resident performance in neurology?

Abstract Objective Many medical school metrics are used by residency programs to differentiate residency applicants. The importance of each metric in the field of neurology is unclear. Materials and methods This is a single-site retrospective evaluation of characteristics that predict resident quality. Several measures from all 57 adult neurology residents over 8 years were obtained including Step I scores, college and medical school rankings, in-service training examination scores, advanced degrees, and number of publications during residency. Two program directors, blinded to these data and each other's ratings, rated the quality of all residents at the end of the residency. The data were then anonymized for all analyses. Results There was no significant relationship between Step I scores and resident quality, though Step I scores correlated significantly with in-service training examination scores. Medical students with PhDs did not perform differently in terms of resident quality, number of publications in residency, or in-service training examination scores. Resident quality was correlated with the ranking of each applicant's undergraduate college, but not the ranking of their medical school. Conclusions While Step I is used by many residency programs in ranking potential residents, it does not correlate with overall resident quality, although Step I scores may predict success on future standardized medical examinations. Students with PhDs do not differ from other residents across several metrics. Applicants from highly selective colleges, though not highly selective medical schools, had significantly higher quality ratings. Further research is needed to determine characteristics of medical students that predict performance during neurology residency.
Inferring the Cost of Capital Using the Ohlson-Juettner Model

We compare risk premia (RP) inferred using the Ohlson-Juettner (RPOJ) and residual income valuation (RPRIV) models in three ways: (1) correlation with risk factors; (2) correlation with RP estimated by multiplying current realizations of risk factors by coefficients obtained from regressing prior-year RP on prior-year risk factors; and (3) correlation with ex post returns. RPOJ has expected correlations with risk factors, a modest correlation with RP estimated from prior-year regressions, and an economically significant association with ex post returns. RPRIV has generally higher correlations, but regression coefficients are sensitive to whether the industry median ROE is computed with or without loss firms.
You Can't Please Everyone, So You'd Better Please Yourself: Directing (or Teaching in) a First-Year Legal Writing Program

This Article accompanies, and responds to another article in this symposium issue: Maureen Arrigo-Ward, How to Please Most of the People Most of the Time: Directing (or Teaching in) a First-Year Legal Writing Program, 29 VAL. U. L. REV. 557 (1995). The article focuses on the fundamental, yet often hidden, interrelationships of teacher status, program design, and staffing issues as it reviews Professor Arrigo-Ward's ideas and suggestions for legal writing directors.
Equipping Homeless Shelter Providers With Child-Centered Play Therapy Skills

Children are presenting with their families at homeless shelters at alarming rates. Shelter providers charged with carrying out front-line services for these families are trained in techniques that are primarily used with adults leaving a training gap when it comes to interacting with children. The purpose of this article is to highlight ways that child-centered play therapy skills could be used to improve the quality of adult–child interactions between shelter providers and children staying at homeless shelters.
Naimark Dilations, State-Space Generators and Transmission Lines,

With any positive Toeplitz form we can associate, via an inverse scattering algorithm, a discrete transmission-line model, parametrized by a so called “choice sequence” of local reflection coefficients. The infinite-dimensional state-space representation of this model then readily yields the structure of the Naimark dilation and of the state-space moment generator for the unit circle measure that corresponds to the Toeplitz form. This point of view motivates and considerably simplifies many operator-theoretic manipulations aimed at analyzing the structure of Naimark dilations and also connects this theory to some recent results on state-space generators for moment matrices associated with positive measures on the unit circle. The new insights readily yield several interesting matrix indentities and also suggest the extension of Naimark dilation results and state-space generator theory to the continuous case.
Race, racial resentment, attentiveness to the news media, and public opinion toward the Jena Six

Objective. We outline the role of race, racial resentment, and attentiveness to news in structuring public opinion toward the prosecution of the Jena Six, the name given to six African-American high school students who beat a white student, five of whom were subsequently charged with attempted second-degree murder.Method. We rely on a telephone survey of 428 registered voters collected in the aftermath of the protests in Jena, Louisiana.Results. Public reactions were heavily filtered by race and associated with measures of racial resentment. African Americans followed news about the protests more closely, believed race was the most important consideration in the decision to prosecute, and believed the decision to prosecute was the wrong decision. Racially conservative white respondents were less likely to believe race was the most important consideration in the decision to prosecute and were more likely to believe that the decision to prosecute was the right decision. Consistent with theories of agenda setting and framing, attentiveness to the news influenced perceptions regarding the importance of race in the decision to prosecute but not whether the decision was the right decision.Conclusions. At least within the context of the Deep South, race and racial attitudes continue to be an important predictor of public reactions to racially charged events. Attentiveness to the news influenced the lens through which events were interpreted, but not perceptions of whether the outcome was the right decision. Language: en
The activity of calmodulin is altered by phosphorylation: modulation of calmodulin function by the site of phosphate incorporation

Calmodulin transduces Ca2+ signals by binding to and activating essential regulatory enzymes. The large number of intracellular targets for calmodulin raises the possibility that mechanisms in addition to Ca2+ may modulate calmodulin activity. Phosphocalmodulin is found in cells and tissues, and calmodulin phosphorylation is enhanced by several mitogens. Phosphorylation of calmodulin on serine/threonine residues by casein kinase II decreased its ability to activate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II). The major effect was a 2.5-fold increase in the concentration at which half-maximal velocity (K0.5) was attained, with no apparent alteration in the Vmax, or the K0.5 for Ca2+. In contrast, calmodulin phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by the insulin receptor kinase produced an increase in the Vmax, with no alteration in the affinity for CaM-kinase II or the K0.5 for Ca2+. Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding. In contrast to CaM-kinase II, neither serine/threonine nor tyrosine phosphorylation of calmodulin altered its ability to activate calcineurin. These data indicate that phosphorylation of calmodulin differentially modifies its interaction with individual target enzymes. Moreover, the amino acid residues phosphorylated provide an additional level of control. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation is an in vitro regulatory mechanism in the targeting of calmodulin responses and, coupled with the stoichiometric phosphorylation of calmodulin in rat hepatocytes, suggest that it may be relevant in intact cells.
BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION IN DIABETES

Blood pressure was measured in a population-based study of diabetic retinopathy in southern Wisconsin. Persons diagnosed prior to 30 years of age and taking insulin (younger onset, n = 996) and those diagnosed at 30 years of age or older (older onset, n = 1,370) were examined. Blood pressures were measured by a standard protocol using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. In both groups of patients, systolic blood pressure increased with increasing age and tended to be higher in older onset than younger onset persons. Hypertension was present in 21.9% of the younger and 58.1% of the older onset group. Older age at examination, presence of proteinuria, larger body mass, gender, and longer duration of diabetes were significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure.
Thermal viscoelastic simulation model for tapering of laser-heated fused silica fiber

A computer simulation model represents the processes of heating a fused silica fiber and drawing it to form a taper. The model is a transient thermal and visco-elastic representation of an axial string of nodes that respond to laser heating and drawing in vacuum chucks. Preliminary sample simulation results are shown.