cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gopher Tortoise Burrow Use, Home Range, Seasonality, and Habitat Fidelity in Scrub and Mesic Flatwoods of Southern Florida

Abstract In southern Florida, USA, Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) primarily occupy habitats that are considered suboptimal or unsuitable in other parts of the range. The dominant habitat is mesic flatwoods, which has abundant forage but has high water tables that might hinder burrowing and nesting. In contrast, Florida scrub assemblages on inland ridges have suitable soils but scarce forage. We used radio telemetry to monitor 22 male and 23 female Gopher Tortoises in mesic flatwoods and scrub habitats of southern Florida. Compared to mesic flatwoods, we predicted larger home ranges and more frequent movement among burrows in scrub because of the scarcity of forage, and we predicted possible shifts in home ranges (e.g., from wetter to drier habitats) in response to seasonal rainfall. We found that home ranges in our study area were larger than is typical for higher-quality habitats (e.g., sandhill) in other parts of the range, but we observed little movement between habitats. Male home ranges and b...
Capillary Rise of Nanostructured Microwicks

Capillarity refers to the driving force to propel liquid through small gaps in the absence of external forces, and hence enhanced capillary force has been pursued for various applications. In this study, flower like ZnO nanostructures are successfully deposited to enhance capillarity of microwick structures that are specially designed to augment boiling heat transfer performance. Microreactor-assisted nanomaterial deposition, MANDTM, is employed with a flow cell to deposit the ZnO nanostructures on a large sized microwick (4.3 cm × 10.7 cm) with dual-channel configuration. A capillary rise experiment based on the mass gain method is first performed using water and ethanol (EtOH) as the working liquids to demonstrate the enhanced capillary force induced by the ZnO nanostructure on the microwick structure. It is found that the coating of ZnO nanostructure effectively propels the working fluids through the nano- or micro pores created from the ZnO nanostructure and consequently improves the capillary force. In order to investigate the wicking mechanism of the ZnO coated microwick structure, the capillary rise result based on height measurement was compared with analytical models. It is found that the gravity effect and viscous force play an important role in wicking rise of the coated wick structure. This study aims at demonstrating the capability of the integrated MAND process with a flow cell for producing a large scaled nanostructured surface, which eventually has a great potential for enhanced boiling heat transfer.
Characteristics of Ice Impedance Recorded From a Ring Electrode Placed at the Anterior Surface of the Cryoballoon: Novel Approach to Define Ice Formation and Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

Background: The success of cryoablation of the pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is dependent on transmural and circumferential ice formation. We hypothesize that rising impedance recorded from a ring electrode placed 2 mm from the cryoballoon signifies ice formation covering the balloon surface and indicates ice expansion. The impedance level enables titration of the cryoapplication time to avoid extracardiac damage while ensuring PVI. Methods and Results: In 12 canines, a total of 57 pulmonary veins were targeted for isolation. Two cryoapplications were delivered per vein with a minimum of 90 and maximum of 180-second duration. Cryoapplication was terminated on reaching a 500 Ω change from baseline. Animals recovered 38±6 days post-procedure, and veins were assessed electrically for isolation. Heart tissue was histologically analyzed. Extracardiac structures were examined for damage. PVI was achieved in 100% of the veins if the impedance reached 500 Ω in 90 to 180 seconds (142.60±29.3 seconds), 90% PVI was achieved. When the final impedance was between 200 and 500 Ω with 180 seconds of freeze time, PVI was achieved in 86.8%. For impedance of Conclusions: Impedance rise of 500 Ω at
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials: Part 80. Pyrolysis of 5-nitraminotetrazole salts of group 1 metals and DFT analysis of the volatile MNCO product (M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+)

Abstract Flash pyrolysis of the energetic Group 1 element (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) salts of mono-anionic and di-anionic 5-nitraminotetrazole (5-NATZ) was conducted by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 1 atm Ar. The mono-anionic salts where M=Na, K, Rb, and Cs produced gaseous phase metal isocyanates, MNCO. The di-anionic salts produced a mixture of volatile metal salts: MNCO, M2CO3, and MCN, whose amounts depended on M. Taking the spectral data for LiNCO from our previous work, the IR spectral trends, structure, and bonding of MNCO were calculated with density functional theory (DFT).
Red Cell Membrane Deformability: an Examination of Two Apparently Disparate Methods of Measurement

Two techniques for measuring the deformability of the red blood cell membrane give divergent results. The folded cell traction technique indicates that an exponential stiffening occurs with increasing deformation, a response highly characteristic of most biological materials. Up till now, when membrane has been analyzed by the micropipette aspiration technique, no change in membrane characteristics has been elicited even at large deformations.
Clostridium Difficile-Associated Infection in Trauma Patients: Development of the Clostridium Difficile Influencing Factors (CDIF) Score.

CONTEXT Clostridium difficile-associated infection (CDAI) can result in longer hospitalization, increased morbidity, and higher mortality rates for surgical patients. The impact on trauma patients is unknown, however. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of CDAI on trauma patients and develop a scoring system to predict CDAI in that population. METHODS Records of all trauma patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Center from 2001 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Presence of CDAI was defined as evidence of positive toxin or polymerase chain reaction. Patients with CDAI were matched to patients without CDAI using propensity score matching on a ratio of 1:3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was inhospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and need for mechanical ventilation. A decision-tree analysis was performed to develop a predicting model for CDAI in the study population. RESULTS During the study period, 11,016 patients were identified. Of these, 50 patients with CDAI were matched to 150 patients without CDAI. There were no differences in admission characteristics and demographics. Patients in whom CDAI developed had significantly higher mortality (12% vs 4%, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (57% vs 23%, p < 0.01), and mean hospital length of stay (15.3 [standard deviation 1.4]) days vs 2.1 [0.6] days, p < 0.0). CONCLUSION In trauma patients, CDAI results in significant morbidity and mortality. The C difficile influencing factor score is a useful tool in identifying patients at increased risk of CDAI.
Predictors of Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentrations: NHANES 2001–2006

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous air pollutants formed during incomplete combustion, absorbed through inhalation and ingestion, and metabolized to hydroxylated compounds that can be detected in urine. Biomonitoring data provide a direct way to link human exposure to environmental contaminants. However, these data do not reveal how various exposure routes or media contribute to the body burden of a specific chemical. We evaluated predictors of urinary PAH concentrations in 2001–2006 NHANES participants from reported information on demographic and housing characteristics, reported food intake, and modeled outdoor air pollutant exposures. NHANES participants were linked to their daily PM2.5 exposure estimate and annual air toxics concentrations. Multivariate linear regression models were developed using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition algorithm to predict urinary PAHs. Exposure to air pollution was not associated with levels of urinary PAH metabolites. Current smoking status was the strongest predictor of PAH biomarker concentration and was able to explain 10–47% of the variability of PAH biomarker concentrations. In non-smokers, our prediction models were able to explain only 2–5% of the variability of PAH biomarker concentrations. Overall, our results indicated, with the exception of smoking status, there are not strong demographic, dietary, or environmental predictors of PAH exposure.
Identification of key challenges in liver pathology: data from a multicenter study of extramural consults

Extramural consultation for challenging pathology cases is an important part of patient care. The specific reasons why liver cases are submitted in consultation are poorly understood. To study patterns in extramural consultation, data were gathered from 1360 liver/GI/pancreatobiliary consults submitted to 7 academic centers. Liver cases comprised 40% of consults and are the focus of this paper. They were submitted for questions on medical (61%) and tumor pathology (39%). A preliminary diagnosis was provided by the referring pathologist in 65% of cases. The most common questions in medical liver pathology were on general classification of a hepatitic pattern of injury (37%), primary biliary cirrhosis (14%), fatty liver disease (13%), autoimmune hepatitis (12%), and etiology of cirrhosis (10%). Most tumor consults were submitted for classification (83%). The most common final tumor consultant diagnoses for benign tumors were hepatic adenoma or focal nodular hyperplasia (52%) and for malignant tumors were metastatic malignancies (47%), hepatocellular carcinoma (32%), or cholangiocarcinoma (8%). For cases submitted with a diagnosis of malignancy, the diagnosis was concordant (43% of cases), concordant but with a generic diagnosis for which a more specific diagnosis could be rendered (37%), or discordant with a major change in diagnosis from malignant to benign or change in tumor type (17%). In conclusion, analysis of consult patterns identifies challenging areas in medical and tumor liver pathology, areas that benefit from consult services and can be focused on by continuing medical educational activities.
A 12.5 mW Packaged K-Band CMOS SOI LNA with 1.5 dB NF

This paper presents a packaged single-ended low-noise amplifier (LNA) for a K-band SATCOM phased-array receiver. The LNA is fabricated in a 45 nm Semiconductor-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS process technology. It has a measured peak gain of 23.1 dB at 17.4 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of 8.1 GHz (13.9 – 22.0 GHz). The measured NF is 1.5 dB at (15.7 – 17.2 GHz) and it is < 1.7 dB at (13.9 – 20.9 GHz). At 18 GHz, the measured IP1dB, and IIP3 are −21.6, and −12 dBm, respectively. The CMOS LNA achieved this high gain and low NF with a power consumption of 12.5 mW. At 18 GHz, when the power consumption is increased to 21.6 mW, the measured gain is 24.4 dB, and the measured NF is 1.38 dB. To the authors’ knowledge, this packaged single-ended CMOS LNA has the highest gain, with the lowest NF, and power consumption when compared to published packaged and non-packaged K-Band LNAs in SiGe and CMOS processes.
Optimizing design thinking: theatrical improv's effects on creativity within groups

This study builds upon current research correlating the relationship among improvisation (improv), divergent thinking, and emotions. A recent study looked at the affect improv had on an individual's ability to think divergently and effect their emotional state. My research extends this inquiry and examines the question: How does improv affect a group's ability to think divergently as it relates to the Design Thinking process? Using a modified version of the Alternative Use Test (AUT) and traditional Profile of Mood States - Short Form (POMS-SF) to measure a groups divergent thinking ability and mood, I will compare results from a control and treatment group.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Thalamic Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Thalamic atrophy is among the earliest brain changes detected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the degree of thalamic atrophy is a strong predictor of disability progression. The causes of thalamic atrophy are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the contributions of thalamic demyelinated lesions, thalamic neuronal loss, and cerebral white matter (WM) lesions to thalamic volume. METHODS We used postmortem in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 95 subjects with MS to correlate thalamic lesion volumes with global MRI metrics. We histologically characterized thalamic demyelination patterns and compared neuronal loss and neuritic pathology in the thalami with the extremes of volume. RESULTS Grossly apparent thalamic discolorations in cm-thick brain slices were T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense, T1-hypointense, and appeared as perivascular demyelinated lesions with dystrophic neurons/axons. Subependymal demyelinated lesions with axonal loss and microglial/macrophage activation were also observed. The 12 subjects with the least thalamic volume had a 17.6% reduction of median neuronal density in the dorsomedial/ventrolateral and pulvinar nuclei compared with the 14 subjects with the greatest thalamic volume (p = 0.03). After correcting for age, disease duration, sex, and T2 lesion volume, the total (p = 0.20), ovoid (p = 0.31), or subependymal (p = 0.44) MRI thalamic lesion volumes correlated with thalamic volume. Thalamic volume correlated with cerebral T2 lesion volume (Spearman's rho = -0.65, p < 0.001; p < 0.0001 after correcting for age, disease duration, and sex). INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest the degeneration of efferent/afferent thalamic projections and/or a neurodegenerative process as greater contributors to thalamic atrophy than thalamic demyelinating lesions. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:81-92.
High-Fidelity Machine Learning Approximations of Large-Scale Optimal Power Flow

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is a key building block in many power system applications. It determines generator setpoints at minimal cost that meet the power demands while satisfying the underlying physical and operational constraints. It is non-convex and NP-hard, and computationally challenging for large-scale power systems. Motivated by the increased stochasticity in generation schedules and increasing penetration of renewable sources, this paper explores a deep learning approach to deliver highly efficient and accurate approximations to the AC-OPF. In particular, the paper proposes an integration of deep neural networks and Lagrangian duality to capture the physical and operational constraints. The resulting model, called OPF-DNN, is evaluated on real case studies from the French transmission system, with up to 3,400 buses and 4,500 lines. Computational results show that OPF-DNN produces highly accurate AC-OPF approximations whose costs are within 0.01% of optimality. OPF-DNN generates, in milliseconds, solutions that capture the problem constraints with high fidelity.
Manipulation of the van der Waals Magnet Cr2Ge2Te6 by Spin–Orbit Torques

We report measurements of current-induced thermoelectric and spin–orbit torque effects within devices in which multilayers of the semiconducting two-dimensional van der Waals magnet Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT)...
Business as usual? An exploration of the determinants of success in the multinational transfer of corporate responsibility initiatives

Scholars have shown that corporate responsibility (CR) initiatives can create intangible assets that help MNCs reduce their liability of foreignness and even gain competitive advantage over local rivals. But scholars have not addressed the ability of MNCs to transfer CR initiatives to subsidiaries. This study builds theory about the conditions that influence success and failure in the transfer of CR practices from headquarters to overseas subsidiaries. We analyze CR transfers from the headquarters of an Indian multinational to its subsidiaries in China and the U.K. Our findings suggest that CR transfer differs in substantial ways from operational practice transfer. In particular, the ambiguity of the CR initiative, the social competency of the business unit transferring the CR initiative, and the active involvement of local stakeholders play significant roles in CR transfer success.
How Patients Choose a Laryngologist: A Pilot Stated Preference Study:

ObjectivePatients consider many factors when deciding how to receive medical care. This study used best-worst scaling (BWS), a technique novel to otolaryngology, to quantitatively examine preferenc...
On the syntax of 'why'-like 'how' in Korean

The wh -phrase ettehkey 'how' in Korean is forced to be interpreted as a reason wh -adverbial corresponding to way 'why' when it occurs with a causative- key toy -construction with past tense. In this paper, I try to answer a simple but fundamental question of whether or not reason ettehkey is base-generated in the same position as the 'high' wh -adjunct way (Ko 2005, 2006). I argue that reason ettehkey in an interrogative clause is externally merged in its checking position, Spec-C Int P, just like way (Ko 2006), whereas manner/instrumental ettehkey originates below NegP.
Band Together: How College Marching Band Students Perceived Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 mitigations significantly altered college marching band operations during the fall 2020 football season. Modified band operations may have affected students’ sense of community and togethe...
A Note on Age Structure and COVID-19 Transmission in U.S.

An important determinant of the transmission and outcomes in patients is the age distribution of the population. Using U.S. county-level daily data on confirmed COVID-19 cases, I find a positive relationship between the growth rate of cases and the fraction of the very young (aged 0 to 17) in the population. My results are consistent with the hypothesis that the very young are asymptomatically transmitting COVID-19 at a higher rate than the average population.
Targeting of cyclin-dependent kinases in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors with multikinase inhibitor TG02.

OBJECTIVE Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are aggressive pediatric brain tumors with no current standard of care and an estimated median patient survival of 12 to 18 months. Previous genetic analyses have implicated cyclin D1 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase that is implicated in many cancers, as key drivers of tumorigenicity in ATRTs. Since the effects of EZH2 and cyclin D1 are facilitated by a host of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), the authors sought to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of targeting CDKs in ATRTs with the multi-CDK inhibitor, TG02. METHODS Human ATRT cell lines BT12, BT37, CHLA05, and CHLA06 were selected for investigation. The effects of TG02 on cell viability, proliferation, clonogenicity, and apoptosis were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, cell counting, clonogenic assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Similar methods were used to determine the effects of TG02 combined with radiation therapy (RT) or cisplatin. Synergism indices for TG02-cisplatin combination therapy were calculated using CompuSyn software. RESULTS TG02 was observed to significantly impair ATRT cell growth in vitro by limiting cell proliferation and clonogenicity, and by inducing apoptosis. TG02 inhibited ATRT cell proliferation and decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with nanomolar half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values (BT12, 207.0 nM; BT37, 127.8 nM; CHLA05, 29.7 nM; CHLA06, 18.7 nM). TG02 (150 nM) dramatically increased the proportion of apoptotic ATRT cells 72 hours posttreatment (TG02 8.50% vs control 1.52% apoptotic cells in BT12, p < 0.0001; TG02 70.07% vs control 15.36%, p < 0.0001). Combination therapy studies revealed that TG02 acted as a potent radiosensitizer in ATRT cells (BT12 surviving fraction, RT 51.2% vs RT + TG02 21.7%). Finally, CompuSyn analysis demonstrated that TG02 acted synergistically with cisplatin against ATRT cells at virtually all therapeutic doses. These findings were consistent in cell lines that cover all three molecular subgroups of ATRTs. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation have established that TG02 is an effective therapeutic against ATRTs in vitro. Given the lack of standard therapy for ATRTs, these findings help fill an unmet need and support further study of TG02 as a potential therapeutic option for patients with this deadly disease.
PARALLEL PROCESSING APPROACH TO BRIDGE PLANNING

This paper presents a mode of computer processing in planning and design of bridges which provides flexibility in searching, comparing, evaluation and selecting available data from the project environment and potential design alternatives. The computer program is written in A Programming Language (APL) and is suitable for structuring and manipulating the basic data. The subroutines in the program can accept and manipulate arrays, and express them in semi-graphic form. The input and output can be handled in conversational mode on time sharing systems.
Comparison of Anticipatory Glancing and Risk Mitigation of Novice Drivers and Exemplary Drivers when Approaching Curves

Novice drivers are overrepresented in run-off-the-road crashes. Indeed, the previous literature demonstrates that novice drivers are less likely to anticipate hazards or maintain attention to the forward roadway and as a result fail to mitigate hazards by slowing. This research was an effort to compare the linked hazard anticipation and hazard mitigation behaviors of novice drivers with exemplary experienced drivers at curves, locations that are known to have a greater crash risk. Each driver navigated three drives in a driving simulator, one of which included a moderate curve left and one of which included a tightening curve right. Experienced drivers made more anticipatory glances and began slowing significantly earlier in the curves than did novice drivers. However, novice drivers who anticipated hazards were much more likely to also mitigate the hazard. The use of these results in a PC-based driver hazard mitigation training program will be discussed.
Effect of build direction on the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth in selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4 V

Experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth characteristics in selective laser-melted titanium 6Al-4 V materials as a follow-on to a previous study on high cycle fatigue. For both the fracture toughness and crack growth evaluation, the compact tension specimen geometry was used. It was found that the fracture toughness was lower than what would be expected from wrought or cast product forms in the same alloy. This was attributed to the rapidly cooled, martensitic microstructure, developed in the parts. At low stress ratios, the crack growth rates were faster than in wrought titanium but became comparable at higher ratios. The fracture toughness appears to be higher when the crack is oriented perpendicular to the build layers. The difference in the average threshold and critical stress intensity values for the crack growth results for the three orientations was within the scatter of the data, so there was essentially no difference. The same was true for the empirically derived Paris Law constants. Residual stresses were likely to have overshadowed any variation in crack growth because of microstructural directionalities associated with build orientation.
General Principles of Mass Spectrometry: GC-MS, LC-MS, and LC-MS/MS

A variety of mass spectrometry techniques aid in both targeted and nontargeted analyses. This chapter introduces some of the most prevalent instrumentation for example, quadrupole, ion trap, and, time-of-flight mass spectrometers, as well as hybrid instrument configurations. Beyond the instrumentation itself, successful analytical techniques rely on a number of experimental design considerations including suitable ionization mechanisms, chromatographic approaches, and appropriate derivatization reactions. The most robust techniques applied toward structural elucidation, metabolite identification, or biomarker discovery involve high resolution accurate mass data, enabling isotope pattern analysis and mass defect filtering, as well an array of other data acquisition and processing techniques that capitalize on the enhanced mass accuracy. These advanced techniques are becoming more routine because of increases in computational power and advances in software tools to aid in data processing and interpretation. Keywords: mass spectrometry; gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS); liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS); metabolite identification; ion mobility
Sexual recombination in self-organizing interaction networks

We build on recent advances in the design of self-organizing interaction networks by introducing a sexual variant of an existing asexual, mutation-limited algorithm. Both the asexual and sexual variants are tested on benchmark optimization problems with varying levels of problem difficulty, deception, and epistasis. Specifically, we investigate algorithm performance on Massively Multimodal Deceptive Problems and NK Landscapes. In the former case, we find that sexual recombination improves solution quality for all problem instances considered; in the latter case, sexual recombination is not found to offer any significant improvement. We conclude that sexual recombination in self-organizing interaction networks may improve solution quality in problem domains with deception, and discuss directions for future research.
The Forms and Limits of Religious Accommodation: The Case of RLUIPA

This paper, prepared for a Symposium at the Benjamin Cardozo School of Law to mark the 20th anniversary of the Supreme Court’s decision in Employment Division v. Smith, focuses on the constitutionally appropriate forms for, and limits on, government protection of religious freedom. Part I articulates in general terms the primary constitutional strategy of mandatory accommodations – protection of religion and its secular analogues in matters of speech, association, and equality – and the limits on such accommodations, with an emphasis on a jurisdictional limit to the state’s capacity to decide questions of religious significance. Part II extends this concept of a jurisdictional limit to permissive accommodations, and analyzes the role of that limit in the interpretation of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”). Part II argues that many of the land use provisions of RLUIPA can be constitutionally applied without official decision-makers violating that jurisdictional limit, but that some applications of the land use provisions, and a significant number of applications of the institutionalized persons provisions, raise profound problems of state exercise of religious authority.
The transcription factors ZEB2 and T-bet cooperate to program cytotoxic T cell terminal differentiation in response to LCMV viral infection

The transcription factor T-bet is critical for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation, but it is unclear how it operates in a graded manner in the formation of both terminal effector and memory precursor cells during viral infection. We find that, at high concentrations, T-bet induced expression of Zeb2 mRNA, which then triggered CTLs to adopt terminally differentiated states. ZEB2 and T-bet cooperate to switch on a terminal CTL differentiation program, while simultaneously repressing genes necessary for central memory CTL development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing showed that a large proportion of these genes were bound by T-bet, and this binding was altered by ZEB2 deficiency. Furthermore, T-bet overexpression could not fully bypass ZEB2 function. Thus, the coordinated actions of T-bet and ZEB2 outline a novel genetic pathway that forces commitment of CTLs to terminal differentiation, thereby restricting their memory cell potential.
Self-talk Repertoire of Physical Education Teachers: Awareness, Reflection and Action

Self-talk (ST) is a strategy that has been found to change behavior by decreasing interference or distractions to better face challenges related to an impending task. Self-talk is typically a dynamic use of words, phrases or cues that may be positive, negative, instructional or motivational in nature. Physical education teachers and coaches have consistently used ST; however, they may not have even been aware of their own ST. Various functions of ST have been found to enhance the preparation, performance and reflection of teachers, yet the examination of the use of ST in physical education is still in its infancy. This article will help physical educators to determine (1) the steps that a self-aware teacher can use to implement effective ST in his or her teaching repertoire, and (2) how to use ST for a variety of functions that could be used by teachers before, during and after a teaching episode.
Impact Resistant Resin for Low Profile SMC

A polyester resin has been developed whose moldings show high impact strength and reduced stress cracking. Toughness is combined with the handling and physical properties expected of a high quality low profile resin.
Utilizing parental observations and computer technology in developing a child‐screening instrument in Singapore

It is widely known that parent–teacher partnerships are vital to children's progress in their development and learning in schools. These partnerships involve parent–teacher conferences, parents helping in the classroom, teachers making home visits and parent education seminars. However, partnerships rarely extend to having parents involved in the assessment process of their children in a significant way. In Singapore, opportunities for parents to be involved in the assessment process exist but only when invited by a professional, and this is only to a limited extent. Routinely, when professionals assess a child, parents are asked for their observations of their progress at home. However, such information gathered from parents is informal, unorganized and used on a supplementary basis. Hence, it was the purpose of this research project to develop a child‐screening instrument that utilized observations of Singaporean parents in an organized fashion by the help of computer technology. With this, it is hoped ...
Fast-Forward Playback of Recent Memory Sequences in Prefrontal Cortex During Sleep

As previously shown in the hippocampus and other brain areas, patterns of firing-rate correlations between neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex during a repetitive sequence task were preserved during subsequent sleep, suggesting that waking patterns are reactivated. We found that, during sleep, reactivation of spatiotemporal patterns was coherent across the network and compressed in time by a factor of 6 to 7. Thus, when behavioral constraints are removed, the brain's intrinsic processing speed may be much faster than it is in real time. Given recent evidence implicating the medial prefrontal cortex in retrieval of long-term memories, the observed replay may play a role in the process of memory consolidation.
Stroke following rottweiler attack

A previously healthy 50-year-old man suffered a major right cerebral infarction shortly after receiving head and neck bites in an attack by two rottweilers. Arteriography revealed occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, an intimal flap and pseudoaneurysm in the high right internal carotid artery just proximal to the skull base, and an obstructed right vertebral artery. The powerful jaw mechanism of rottweilers and other large mastiff-type dogs makes their bites particularly destructive. The predilection of these animals for attacking the head and upper body makes occult crush injury to the extracranial cerebral vessels an important diagnostic consideration following such attacks.
Non‐Ohmic Transport in Semiconductors in a Magnetic Field

Shockley's hot electron picture for semiconductors in high electric fields is extended to include arbitrary (though “non-quantizing”) magnetic fields. The effects are then more diversified and offer wider experimental possibilities. While preserving the original simplicity of Shockley's model, its scope can be extended by including a reduction of the power input due to the deflection caused by the Lorentz force. Explicit calculations are carried out for an idealized isotropic model which Conwell [15] used to interpret the experimental data for n-Ge in zero magnetic field. This involves interactions of electrons with acoustic and covalent optical modes. This model calculation is designed to illustrate the main physical features of an extended Shockley picture. The results here derived are discussed from the point of view of the planning and analysis of experimental investigations which may bear on the subject. Shockleys Modell der heisen Elektronen in Halbleitern in starken elektrischen Feldern wird erweitert, um beliebig grose (nicht quantisierte) magnetische Felder behandeln zu konnen. Es ist dann moglich, eine grosere Anzahl von Effekten, die durch heise Elektronen verursacht werden, zu beschreiben und neue Experimente anzuregen. Ohne die ursprungliche Einfachheit, die Shockleys Modell auszeichnet, zu verlieren, ist es moglich, dieses Modell so zu verallgemeinern, das es die durch die Lorentzkraft-Ablenkung verursachte Abnahme der zugefuhrten Leistung beschreibt. Es werden an einem idealisierten, isotropen Modell, das Conwell [15] benutzt hat, um experimentelle Ergebnisse uber n-Ge im magnetfeldfreien Fall zu erklaren, explizite Rechnungen durchgefuhrt. Diese Rechnungen berucksichtigen die Wechselwirkungen der Elektronen mit den akustischen und kovalenten optischen Phononen. Die an diesem Modell durchgefuhrten Rechnungen verfolgen als Hauptzweck, den physikalischen Gehalt des Shockleyschen Modells zu illustrieren. Die gewonnenen Resultate werden im Hinblick auf zukunftige Experimente diskutiert.
Loss Leader Pricing and Rain Check Policy

Loss leader pricing and rain check policies are common in retail markets, yet research on these topics is surprisingly scarce. In this paper, we study the effects of leader pricing and rain check policy on stores' profits and market outcomes. Suppose stores can accurately predict demand. Might they still run out of stock? We investigate whether such a result is plausible when stores can offer rain checks. The paper also helps resolve an issue that has recently attracted much attention: Should the FTC repeal its rule prohibiting stock outs of advertised sale items?
Observations on a previously undescribed type of cellular degeneration in hydra.

Abstract A form of cellular degeneration in the fresh-water hydra Pelmatohydra pseudoligactis Hyman is described, and its relationship to the depression phenomenon is discussed. The normal ultrastructure of characteristic cell types in each of the two epithelia (ectoderm and endoderm) is presented; the progress of degeneration is followed through successive stages in an attempt to ascertain the morphological pattern of this abnormal condition. The type of deterioration described shows some similarity to, but appears to be basically different from the phenomenon known as “depression”.
Emergency vascular access in a patient with limb agenesis

A 19-year-old white man with congenital agenesis of all four limbs arrived in the emergency room in full cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to Reye's syndrome. The patient was intubated but had no vascular access. After a percutaneous femoral venous line proved unsuccessful, an internal jugular line was placed for venous access. Repeated attempts at percutaneous femoral and axillary arterial line placements were unsuccessful. A femoral cutdown showed 2-mm femoral vessels. The autopsy showed increasingly hypoplastic aortic, iliac, and femoral vessels below the takeoff of the renal vessels. The subclavian vessels were reasonably normal in caliber. This case shows that femoral or axillary vessels in a congenitally amputated limb are not useful for vascular access, and a low threshold should exist for using internal jugular/subclavian veins and the subclavian/carotid arteries if emergency access is necessary.
Attribute and Safety Perceptions in a Double-Hurdle Model of Shellfish Consumption

Individuals' perceptions of food product attributes such as safety may influence decisions about whether to consume and how much to consume. Survey data from southeastern U.S. adults were used in a double-hurdle model to evaluate effects of health risk and other attribute perceptions on shellfish demand. Results indicate that attribute perceptions were important in both participation and consumption decisions. However, responses to new health risk information were not the same for each decision. Findings suggest that efforts to reduce shellfish health risks with an improved U.S. inspection program may have little influence on existing shellfish demand.
Immune reconstitution after combined haploidentical and umbilical cord blood transplant.

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells are frequently employed for allogeneic stem cell transplant, but delayed myeloid and lymphoid immune reconstitution leads to increased risk of infections. We recently reported the clinical results of 45 patients enrolled on a pilot study combining UCB with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical donor with reduced-intensity conditioning who showed rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery. We report here preliminary immune reconstitution data of these patients. Patients were assessed for lymphocyte subsets, T-cell diversity, Cylex ImmuKnow assay and serological response to pneumococcal vaccination. Natural killer (NK)-cell and B-cell reconstitution were rapid at 1 month and 3 months, respectively. T-cell recovery was delayed, with a gradual increase in the number of T-cells starting around 6 months post-transplant, and was characterized by a diverse polyclonal T-cell repertoire. Overall, immune reconstitution after haplo-cord transplant is similar to that ...
Market orientation, interdepartmental integration, and product development performance

Abstract Various research studies have shown that a market orientation and interdepartmental integration can positively influence product development performance. Addressed in this article is whether market orientation and interdepartmental integration both equally influence product development performance, whether one of these constructs is more influential than the other, and whether such influence is dependent on the type of department being examined? Analyzing survey data from 156 marketing, manufacturing, and R&D managers, the tentative results suggest that a market orientation and interdepartmental integration correlate to improved product development and product management performance in varying degrees across these three manager sets. It appears that a positive relationship between market orientation and product development performance is likely to be reflected by the marketing department, while marketing and manufacturing departments are likely to reflect a positive relationship between the general construct of market orientation and product management performance. Manufacturing managers also reflect a positive relationship between interdepartmental integration and product development and product management performance. Further analyses involving the elements of a market orientation and interdepartmental integration find that a customer orientation appears important to performance in the case of marketing managers, and that collaboration is important to performance in the case of manufacturing managers. R&D managers did not reflect any statistically significant relationships between market orientation, interdepartmental integration, their constructs, and performance. These results should not be taken as refuting the claim of an important relationship between market orientation and product development performance, however. The present results refine our understanding of market orientation to consider department-specific effects, as well as temper the claims that implementing a market orientation will readily lead to improved product development performance across all departments in an organization. This may or may not be the case, depending on the focal department.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Effects of Raisin Paste in Cooked Ground Beef, Pork, and Chicken

: The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant activity of raisin paste added to raw ground beef, pork, or chicken before cooking to 163 °C. Samples were held at 2 °C for up to 14 d. TBA values were measured using a distillation method, to avoid yellow color interference found in “wet” TBA methods. Sample meat flavor intensity, rancid flavor intensity, and raisin flavor intensity were evaluated by a trained panel (n = 6). Addition of raisin paste lowered (p < 0.05) TBA values and decreased panel scores for rancid flavor scores of all meat samples in a concentration-dependent manner. Highest antioxidant effects were obtained with a minimum of 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.0% raisin paste in cooked ground beef, pork, or chicken, respectively. There was a high correlation (0.93, 0.94, 0.94) between TBA values and sensory rancid flavor scores in beef, pork, and chicken samples respectively. Addition of a reducing sugar (glucose) was nearly as effective as raisins for maintenance of low TBA values and rancid flavor scores, probably due to antioxidant effects of Maillard browning products. There was no detectable raisin flavor in cooked ground beef samples with added raisins. However, all meats with added glucose had a higher raisin flavor intensity score than controls, indicating that panelists associated sweetness with raisin flavor. Maillard browning (sample darkening) was evident after cooking of ground chicken with either raisins or glucose.
Irreversible growth model for virus capsid assembly

We model the spontaneous assembly of a capsid (a virus' closed outer shell) from many copies of identical units, using entirely irreversible steps and only information local to the growing edge. Our model is formulated in terms of (i) an elastic Hamiltonian with stretching and bending stiffness and a spontaneous curvature, and (ii) a set of rate constants for the addition of new units or bonds. An ensemble of highly irregular capsids is generated, unlike the well-known icosahedrally symmetric viruses, but (we argue) plausible as a way to model the irregular capsids of retroviruses such as HIV. We found that (i) the probability of successful capsid completion decays exponentially with capsid size; (ii) capsid size depends strongly on spontaneous curvature and weakly on the ratio of the bending and stretching elastic stiffnesses of the shell; (iii) the degree of localization of Gaussian curvature (a measure of facetedness) depends heavily on the ratio of elastic stiffnesses.
The practice and politics of food system localization

Abstract As an apparent counterpoint to globalization, food system localization is often assumed to be a good, progressive and desirable process. Such thinking rests on a local–global binary that merits closer scrutiny. This paper examines the social construction of “local”, by analyzing the practice and politics of food system localization efforts in Iowa, USA. It argues that desirable social or environmental outcomes may not always map neatly onto the spatial content of “local”, which itself involves the social construction of scale. These contradictions in turn relate to differing political inflections discernible in food system localization. Localization can be approached defensively, emphasizing the boundaries and distinctions between a culturally and socially homogeneous locality needing protection from non-local “others”. But through the experience of new social and gustatory exchanges, localization can also promote increased receptivity to difference and diversity. More emergent, fluid and inclusive notions of the “local”, however, may challenge the very project of crafting and maintaining distinctive food identities for local places. These themes are explored through a case study of food system localization efforts and activities in Iowa, an American state that has been a stronghold of conventional commodity agriculture. Demographic and agricultural histories are drawn on to understand recent food system localization practice that has come to emphasize a definition of “local” that coincides with sub-national state boundaries. The emergence and popularization of the “Iowa-grown banquet meal” and the shifting meaning of “local Iowa food” further illustrate the potential tension between defensiveness and diversity in food system localization.
Copper-nuclease efficiency correlates with cytotoxicity for the 4-methoxypyrrolic natural products

The DNA-targeting activities of the 4-methoxypyrrolic natural products, that include prodigiosin (1), tambjamine E (2), and the blue pigment (3), have been compared using fluorescence spectroscopy to study DNA binding and agarose gel electrophoresis to assess their ability to facilitate oxidative copper-promoted DNA cleavage. Fluorescence emission titration of 3 with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) shows that the natural product occupies a site size (n) of ca. two base pairs and possesses an affinity constant (K) of approximately 6x10(5) x M(-1). Similar to prodigiosin (1), the blue pigment 3 was found to facilitate oxidative double-strand DNA (dsDNA) cleavage without the aid of an external reducing agent. Quantitation of ds- (n2) and ss- (n1) breaks provided n1:n2 ratios of approximately 8-12, which were significantly greater than the number expected from the accumulation of ss-breaks (approximately 120). This was contrasted by the nicking activity of tambjamine E (2), which only generates ss-breaks in the presence of copper. The superior copper-nuclease activity of 1 and 3 also correlated with their superior anticancer properties against leukemia (HL-60) cells. These results are discussed with respect to the mode of cytotoxicity by the 4-methoxypyrrolic natural products.
Patterning of the mammalian dentition in development and evolution

The mammalian dentition is a segmented organ system with shape differences among its serially homologous elements (individual teeth). It is believed to have evolved from simpler precursors with greater similarities in shape among teeth, and a wealth of descriptive data exist on changes to the dentition that have occurred within mammals. Recent progress has been made in determining the genetic basis of the processes that form an individual tooth, but patterning of the dentition as a whole (i.e. the number, location and shape of the teeth) is less well understood. In contrast to similarly organized systems, such as the vertebral column and limb, Hox genes are not involved in specifying differences among elements. Nevertheless, recent work on a variety of systems is providing clues to the transcription factors and extracellular signalling molecules involved.