cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ADVOCACY, POLICY, RESEARCH AND BACK AGAIN: FEEDBACK LOOPS IN FAMILY CAREGIVING

Family caregiving is a critically important public policy issue that affects individuals, families, and society, and has been a topic of longstanding attention in the advocacy, policy, and research communities. This session will discuss feedback loops between advocacy, policy, and research and the synergies that each of these perspectives bring to bear in motivating public policy change, drawing on the recent National Academies’ report Families Caring for an Aging America as a case study. The presentation will review criticisms of traditional explanatory research and factors that have generated interest in pragmatic trials and new types of research to demonstrate real-world effectiveness and stimulate systems change in clinical care delivery and practice. The growing importance of understanding and leveraging interconnections between advocacy, policy, and research in setting the policy agenda, as well as opportunities and challenges to research in the current environment, will be explored.
Supracostal Upper Pole Endoscopic-Guided Prone Tubeless "Maxi-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy": A Contemporary Evaluation of Complications.

Abstract Objective: To develop a contemporary complication profile for supracostal upper pole endoscopic-guided prone tubeless “maxi-PCNL” to evaluate the need for change. Materials/Methods: We ide...
Single-Shot Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Produces over 4400 Phosphopeptide Identifications from a 220 ng Sample

The dependence of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separations on the charge state of the analyte is useful for the analysis of many post-translational modifications in proteins. In this work, we coupled CZE to an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid platform with an advanced peak determination algorithm for phosphoproteomics analysis. A linear-polyacrylamide-coated capillary with very low electroosmotic flow was used for the separation. The optimal injection volume was between 100 and 150 nL of a solution of phosphopeptides in 30 mM ammonium bicarbonate (pH 8.2) buffer, which produces a dynamic pH junction sample injection. Larger injection volumes resulted in serious peak broadening and decreased numbers of phosphopeptide identifications. The optimized system identified 4405 phosphopeptides from 220 ng of enriched phosphopeptides from mouse brain, which represents the state-of-the-art result for single-shot CZE-ESI-MS/MS-based phosphoproteome analysis. We found that the migration time for phosphopeptides is much longer than that for non-phosphopeptides and increased along with the number of phosphorylation sites on the peptides, as expected for the additional negative charges associated with the phosphate groups. We also investigated the phosphorylation site motifs; a number of motifs appeared in the CZE-ESI-MS/MS data but not in LC-ESI-MS/MS data, which suggested the complementary performance of the techniques. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012888.
Chronotopeography: Nostalgia and modernity in South Delhi’s linguistic landscape

This paper explores the processes through which visceral experience is cultivated, packaged and commodiﬁed in the Linguistic Landscape (LL) of South Delhi, India. We engage the theoretical concept of cultural chronotopes (Agha, 2007a) to demonstrate how spatially and temporally entwined experiences of nostalgia and modernity are produced in South Delhi’s commercial LL, and show how such positioning serves to compress or ﬂatten such experiences for ready consumption (Kockelman, 2006). Focusing on particularized chronotopes tied to a privileged and elite experience, imagination and aspiration, we highlight how discourses of the ‘ideal’ are reproduced and positioned as visceral through speciﬁc references or semiotic arrangements. In so doing, we discuss the quantiﬁcation of experience executed by these signs in commodifying the visceral, and the problematic way these instances propagate an idealized, sanitized and simpliﬁed understanding of Indian rural communities, Indian history and Indian traditional practices .
High-throughput phenotyping in cotton: a review

Recent technological advances in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) phenotyping have offered tools to improve the efficiency of data collection and analysis. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) is a non-destructive and rapid approach of monitoring and measuring multiple phenotypic traits related to the growth, yield, and adaptation to biotic or abiotic stress. Researchers have conducted extensive experiments on HTP and developed techniques including spectral, fluorescence, thermal, and three-dimensional imaging to measure the morphological, physiological, and pathological resistance traits of cotton. In addition, ground-based and aerial-based platforms were also developed to aid in the implementation of these HTP systems. This review paper highlights the techniques and recent developments for HTP in cotton, reviews the potential applications according to morphological and physiological traits of cotton, and compares the advantages and limitations of these HTP systems when used in cotton cropping systems. Overall, the use of HTP has generated many opportunities to accurately and efficiently measure and analyze diverse traits of cotton. However, because of its relative novelty, HTP has some limitations that constrains the ability to take full advantage of what it can offer. These challenges need to be addressed to increase the accuracy and utility of HTP, which can be done by integrating analytical techniques for big data and continuous advances in imaging.
Nationwide Survey of Patients’ Perspectives Regarding Their Radiation and Multidisciplinary Cancer Treatment Experiences

PURPOSE:The perspectives of patients with cancer about their treatment can inform interventions to improve the approaches of treating oncologists and experiences of future patients. We sought to id...
The Place of Imitation in Social Life and Its Anatomical Brain Supports

For non-reductionist sociologists, imitation may well be seen as less than exciting because it sounds so superficial. Imitation is learning an act from seeing it done (Rizzolatti 2005). During imitation the person transforms an observed action into an executed action that is similar, or identical, to the action observed (Rizzolatti 2005). I would suspect that some sociologists might see imitation as mere copying and disregard it as cognitively undemanding and even a childish form of behavior.
Supplementary Materials for How Digital and Physical Care Team Interaction Affect Processing Times: A Case Study of Hospitalists

Supplementary materials for our paper which can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=3068175.
Molecules of inefficiency: How tariffs impact carbon intensities, carbon dioxide emissions, and the environment

Abstract The 45th presidential administration declared natural gas to be “molecules of freedom”, a perfunctory used for political gain. Additionally, this administration has also levied tariffs as a political tool designed to reduce trade deficits rather than promote sustainability. In this paper, we study the impact of tariffs on domestic carbon intensities and carbon dioxide emissions. We find that tariffs increase carbon intensities and do not have an effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Since tariffs also reduce output, we conclude that by implementing tariffs the second best problem is invoked and overall market inefficiency increases. Additionally, since carbon intensities rise and overall carbon dioxide emissions do not decline, regional concerns over environmental quality and health should be raised. The paper concludes with a discussion of how these results impact policy decisions pertaining to instruments for promoting sustainability.
Cloning and homology analysis of blood stage 18S rDNA of two Plasmodium vivax isolates

Objective To clone and homology analyze the sequences of blood stage 18S rRNA-encoding gene fragment of two P.vivax isolates from Henan and Hubei provinces in China.Methods The 18S rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR from the DNA extracted from two P.vivax infection blood samples.After purification,the gene fragments were ligated with plasmid pGEM-Teasy to construct recombinant plasmids,and transformed into E.coli JM109.Positive clones were identified by double enzymes digestion methods.The sequences of inserted 18S rDNA fragments were finally determined and analyzed with BLAST and MEGA4 biological software.Results The amplified 18S rDNA fragments of two isolates were about 998 bp in length,and the 18S rDNA sequence of Henan isolate was same as that of Hubei isolate.As aligned with the corresponding sequences of twelve P.vivax strains deposited in the GenBank database,the indentity of nucleotides was more than 99％ respectively.Based on the 18S rDNA sequence,phylogenetic analysis with neighbor-joining and UPGMA methods indicated that two isolates have close association with P.vivax X13926.1 strain.Conclusion The blood stage 18S rDNA fragments of two P.vivax isolates were cloned,which were relatively conserved among different P.vivax isolates. Key words: Plasmodium vivax; 18S rDNA; Sequence homology analysis
Introduction to and History of Psoriasis and Psoriasis Therapy

The history of psoriasis has had a long and complicated path. With initial challenges in recognizing this disease, psoriasis was misunderstood in ancient times as documented in the Bible as well as in other ancient texts. At first mistakenly thought to be leprosy or other infectious processes such as impetigo, those with psoriasis were ostracized from their communities. It was only in the mid 1800s that Camille Gibert clarified psoriasis as a papulosquamous disease. Remarkable progress in our understanding has occurred over the millennium, some a result of scientific investigation while other has come as a consequence of serendipity. Even in the just the past decade we continue to refine our understanding of the immune dysregulation that causes this condition.
Tough amphiphilic antifouling coating based on acrylamide, fluoromethacrylate and non-isocyanate urethane dimethacrylate crosslinker

This study is focused on the development of tougher gels using combinations of acrylamide, fluoromethacrylate and a non-isocyanate urethane dimethacrylate (NIUDMA) crosslinker. The NIUDMA was tailo...
At the Crossroad of Gene Regulation and Genome Organization: Potential Roles for ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodelers in the Regulation of CTCF-Mediated 3D Architecture

In higher order organisms, the genome is assembled into a protein-dense structure called chromatin. Chromatin is spatially organized in the nucleus through hierarchical folding, which is tightly regulated both in cycling cells and quiescent cells. Assembly and folding are not one-time events in a cell's lifetime; rather, they are subject to dynamic shifts to allow changes in transcription, DNA replication, or DNA damage repair. Chromatin is regulated at many levels, and recent tools have permitted the elucidation of specific factors involved in the maintenance and regulation of the three-dimensional (3D) genome organization. In this review/perspective, we aim to cover the potential, but relatively unelucidated, crosstalk between 3D genome architecture and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers with a specific focus on how the architectural proteins CTCF and cohesin are regulated by chromatin remodeling.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based In-Vehicle Occupant Detection and Classification Method using Second Strategic Highway Research Program Cabin Images:

This paper describes an approach for automatic detection and localization of drivers and passengers in automobiles using in-cabin images. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework and ...
Bayesian inference under model misspecification using transport-Lagrangian distances: an application to seismic inversion.

Model misspecification constitutes a major obstacle to reliable inference in many inverse problems. Inverse problems in seismology, for example, are particularly affected by misspecification of wave propagation velocities. In this paper, we focus on a specific seismic inverse problem - full-waveform moment tensor inversion - and develop a Bayesian framework that seeks robustness to velocity misspecification. A novel element of our framework is the use of transport-Lagrangian (TL) distances between observed and model predicted waveforms to specify a loss function, and the use of this loss to define a generalized belief update via a Gibbs posterior. The TL distance naturally disregards certain features of the data that are more sensitive to model misspecification, and therefore produces less biased or dispersed posterior distributions in this setting. To make the latter notion precise, we use several diagnostics to assess the quality of inference and uncertainty quantification, i.e., continuous rank probability scores and rank histograms. We interpret these diagnostics in the Bayesian setting and compare the results to those obtained using more typical Gaussian noise models and squared-error loss, under various scenarios of misspecification. Finally, we discuss potential generalizability of the proposed framework to a broader class of inverse problems affected by model misspecification.
Automated Processing of Head CT Perfusion Imaging for Ischemic Stroke Triage: A Practical Guide to Quality Assurance and Interpretation.

Please see the Editorial Comment by Gregory Avey discussing this article. Recent successful trials of thrombectomy launched a shift to imaging-based patient selection for stroke intervention. Many ...
Exposure to fine airborne particulate matters induces hepatic fibrosis in murine models.

Background & Aims Hepatic fibrosis, featured by the accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix in liver tissue, is associated with metabolic disease and cancer. Inhalation exposure to airborne particulate matter in fine ranges (PM 2.5 ) correlates with pulmonary dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of PM 2.5 exposure on hepatic fibrogenesis. Methods Both inhalation exposure of mice and in vitro exposure of specialized cells to PM 2.5 were performed to elucidate the effect of PM 2.5 exposure on hepatic fibrosis. Histological examinations, gene expression analyses, and genetic animal models were utilized to determine the effect and mechanism by which PM 2.5 exposure promotes hepatic fibrosis. Results Inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient PM 2.5 induces hepatic fibrosis in mice under the normal chow or high-fat diet. Mice after PM 2.5 exposure displayed increased expression of collagens in liver tissues. Exposure to PM 2.5 led to activation of the transforming growth factor β-SMAD3 signaling, suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and expression of collagens in hepatic stellate cells. NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in PM 2.5 -induced liver fibrogenesis. Conclusions Exposure to PM 2.5 exerts discernible effects on promoting hepatic fibrogenesis. NADPH oxidase mediates the effects of PM 2.5 exposure on promoting hepatic fibrosis.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum. X. The protein composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Abstract The proteins of Sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into several fractions ranging in mol wt from 300,000 to about 30,000. The ATPase enzyme involved in Ca 2+ transport is associated with a major protein fraction and its molecular weight based on its electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate is about 106,000. Reducing agents (β-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol) cause the dissociation of membrane proteins into subunits of 20,000–60,000 mol wt, which can be separated by electrophoresis or Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Methods were developed for the isolation of a 32 P-labeled phosphopeptide from peptic hydrolysates of microsomal membranes. The presence of glycolipids was demonstrated in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes with periodate-Schiff reaction.
Black Participation in the Civil War as a Revolution

In this essay, I argue that slave participation in the US Civil War approximated a social revolution. Although Du Bois’ argued that black participation in the Civil War as “the largest and most successful slave revolt”, he did not provide a theoretical rationale to explain what motivated this slave revolution. Building on Du Bois’ arguments, I attempt to demonstrate how slave culture provided an institutional basis for black resistance through slave religion, which was the hub of the coordinating networks of slave neighborhoods and their often “hydra-like” extensions in protean associations ranging from the network of plantation preachers, coachmen, and hired out slaves; clandestine communication network of slaves; as well as the Underground Railroad. Each of these networks was either rooted in or facilitated by individuals or incipient institutions of slave religion and/or the early black Church. To be sure, slave religion could motivate resignation or rebellion; but when employed by rebel leaders it could serve as the central mechanism for coordinating and justifying black insurgency; and this allowed the participants of the major US slave revolts to utilize “slave culture” in revolutionary ways. What resulted was a template for black insurgency culminating in the black rebellion of the Civil War: a black cultural revolution. This blueprint for black revolution - or black cultural revolution -prefigured - though rarely actual informed - 20th century black revolutionary activity in black America.
Constant Returns To Scale

Constant returns to scale are defined. Keywords: Cobb–Douglass production function; economies of scale; production functions
Measuring dietetic students' perceptions of management skill competency gained during school food service practicum experience: A competing values framework method - A national study

The purpose of the study was to determine how coordinated dietetic program (CDP) senior students and program directors perceived students gain management skills, and competencies during school food service practicum experience. A self-assessment instrument, Competing Values Leadership Instrument (CVLI), was used to measure perceived management competencies and roles within in the Competing Values Framework (CVF), and a self-reported skills survey compared number and type of management skills of 192 students and 37 directors. It is important to fully understand if dietetic students are gaining the management skill competency needed for the changing school nutrition environment whether in the school food service practicum or in broader food service management. Results indicate students and program directors perceive their own management competencies to be developed in the same managerial roles for two areas, Control and Compete, with one exception on a subscale: Emphasizing, while there was a significant difference in the scales and subscale managerial roles for student and directors as reported in the roles of Collaborate and Create. Except on subscale Acknowledging and Anticipating, directors had perceived strengths in managerial competencies in the roles of Collaborate and Create that were significantly higher compared to the students. Students perceived they gain management skills from direct contact with managers and in work experience environments. Students perceived a need for actually performing management roles or observing them during a practicum experience. The outcome of this research should be used to review how dietetic students are gaining management competencies in a food service practicum and how this management framework can contribute to a dietetics education.
A New Anthropology of Islam

1. How to think about religions - Islam, for example 2. Learning 3. Perfecting piety through worship 4. Reshaping sacrifice 5. Healing and praying 6. Pious organizing 7. Judging 8. Migrating and adapting 9. Mobilizing.
First results in the development of double-positive metamaterials for high power microwave components

A new research effort at the University of Missouri-Columbia aims to develop metamaterials for high power antennas and other microwave devices. In the past, size reduction of high power antennas has focused on the development of materials with a high relative permittivity. However, the authors propose that by controlling both the permittivity and permeability, it will be possible to significantly reduce the component size while also optimizing the impedance for improved efficiency and bandwidth over previous designs that used only a high relative permittivity. This could lead to improved performance for various loaded antennas, as well as benefits to other microwave devices incorporating insulating material with an optimized impedance. Using techniques developed at the University of Missouri-Columbia for the production of high dielectric constant composite materials, initial metamaterial samples have been produced by insulating ferrites and binding them into a composite matrix. The initial stage of this project investigated taking a variety of ferrites and measuring their properties once incorporated into a composite. These ferrites ranged from having a relative permeability of 1200 at 200 MHz to 50 at 800 MHz. Permittivity and permeability measurements of initial samples indicate wavelength and impedance optimization via metamaterials is feasible.
Fairy Tales from Before Fairy Tales: The Medieval Latin Past of Wonderful Lies

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jan M. Ziolkowski Year: 2009 Publisher: University of Michigan Press ISBN: 978-0-472-03379-9 (soft cover). Prices: $30.00 USD(soft cover).
Evaluation of the Global Land Data Assimilation System using global river discharge data and a source-to-sink routing scheme

[1] Advanced land surface models (LSMs) offer detailed estimates of distributed hydrological fluxes and storages. These estimates are extremely valuable for studies of climate and water resources, but they are difficult to verify as field measurements of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and surface and subsurface runoff are sparse in most regions. In contrast, river discharge is a hydrologic flux that is recorded regularly and with good accuracy for many of the world's major rivers. These measurements of discharge spatially integrate all upstream hydrological processes. As such, they can be used to evaluate distributed LSMs, but only if the simulated runoff is properly routed through the river basins. In this study, a rapid, computationally efficient source-to-sink (STS) routing scheme is presented that generates estimates of river discharge at gauge locations based on gridded runoff output. We applied the scheme as a postprocessor to archived output of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). GLDAS integrates satellite and ground-based data within multiple offline LSMs to produce fields of land surface states and fluxes. The application of the STS routing scheme allows for evaluation of GLDAS products in regions that lack distributed in situ hydrological measurements. We found that the four LSMs included in GLDAS yield very different estimates of river discharge and that there are distinct geographic patterns in the accuracy of each model as evaluated against gauged discharge. The choice of atmospheric forcing data set also had a significant influence on the accuracy of simulated discharge.
Brassboard Astrometric Beam Combiner (ABC) Development for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)

The Astrometric Beam Combiner (ABC) is a critical element of the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) that performs three key functions: coherently combine starlight from two siderostats; individually detect starlight for angle tracking; and disperse and detect the interferometric fringes. In addition, the ABC contains: a stimulus, cornercubes and shutters for in-orbit calibration; several tip/tilt mirror mechanisms for in-orbit alignment; and internal metrology beam launcher for pathlength monitoring. The detailed design of the brassboard ABC (which has the form, fit and function of the flight unit) is complete, procurement of long-lead items is underway, and assembly and testing is expected to be completed in Spring 2009. In this paper, we present the key requirements for the ABC, details of the completed optical and mechanical design as well as plans for assembly and alignment.
Reliability and Copper Interconnections with Low Dielectric Constant Materials

The materials, process integration, and reliability issues in the development of multilevel electroplated Cu/polyimide on-chip interconnections are described. A combination of: good diffusion/adhesion barrier layers consisting of a metal liner plus the insulator Si3N4, and W stud/Si contacts resulted in a highly reliable IC chip. Electromigration of Cu damascene lines in both SiO2 and polyimide structures was investigated. Similar void growth was observed at the cathode ends of both the interconnect systems. However, the shapes of protrusions at the anode ends of the lines were different. Although the activation energies for both near bamboo-like Cu/SiO2 and Cu/polyimide were both 1.1 eV, the electromigration lifetime of the former was significantly longer. The difference is largely attributable to the poorer thermal conductivity of polyimide.
Sotalol kinetics in renal insufficiency

Kinetics of sotalol, a beta adrenoceptor blocker, was studied in 20 patients with varying renal function. In subjects with creatinine clearance (Clcr) ≥ 39 ml/min/m2, sotalol plasma clearance (x ± SD) was 71 ± 31 ml/min/m2, elimination half-life (t½) was 8.1 ± 3.4 hr, and renal clearance was 46 ± 26 ml/min/m2. In patients with moderate renal impairment (Clcr = 8 to 38 ml/min/m2) elimination t½ rose to 24.2 ± 7.5 hr, and plasma clearance fell to 24 ± 7 ml/min/m2. In patients receiving dialysis, elimination t½ rose to 33.9 ± 27.1 hr. Elimination t½ during hemodialysis was 5.8 ±2.1 hr and was associated with a 56.7 ± 21% reduction in plasma levels. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 29, 457–463; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.63
Strong and mild requestive hints and positive-face redress in Cuban Spanish

The study applies Blum-Kulka and House's (1989) and Kasper's (1989) categories of strong and mild hints and Brown and Levinson's (1978, 1987) classification of positive and negative politeness categories to a corpus of naturally occurring data from Cuban Spanish. It argues that the specific cultural norms of facework and face behavior in Cuban culture dictate a preferential employment of strategies aimed at positive-face redress. It concludes that there are no instances of hints performed solely with negative-politeness strategies, which are employed considerably less frequently. Therefore, hints in Cuban Spanish seem to be always either exclusively positively polite or simultaneously positively and negatively polite, but never purely deferential.
Endopeptidase-mediated beta lactam tolerance.

In many bacteria, inhibition of cell wall synthesis leads to cell death and lysis. The pathways and enzymes that mediate cell lysis after exposure to cell wall-acting antibiotics (e.g. beta lactams) are incompletely understood, but the activities of enzymes that degrade the cell wall (‘autolysins’) are thought to be critical. Here, we report that Vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, is tolerant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. In response to a wide variety of cell wall- acting antibiotics, this pathogen loses its rod shape, indicative of cell wall degradation, and becomes spherical. Genetic analyses revealed that paradoxically, V. cholerae survival via sphere formation required the activity of D,D endopeptidases, enzymes that cleave the cell wall. Other autolysins proved dispensable for this process. Our findings suggest the enzymes that mediate cell wall degradation are critical for determining bacterial cell fate - sphere formation vs. lysis – after treatment with antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.
SLEEP AND NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Nocturnal sleep-related ventilatory alterations may occur in dis-proportion to the severity of the neuromuscular disorder. Diaphragm paralysis occurring with a neuromuscular disorder is an overlooked complication. Failure to thrive, daytime tiredness, and incapacitating fatigue may be the result of a correctable sleep-related abnormality, not the result of relentless progression of a neuromuscular condition. Polysomnographic evaluation is recommended for patients who have neuromuscular disorder who develop symptoms and signs of sleep-wake abnormality or nocturnal respiratory failure. Application of noninvasive positive airway ventilation and, in some cases, administration of supple-mental oxygen may improve quality of life and prolong survival of patients who have neuromuscular disorder.
Structural disorder and the effects of aging in a phosphate glass: Results from two-dimensional 31P PASS NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The nature of the short-range structural disorder and its dependence on the fictive temperature are investigated in a phosphate glass of composition 60ZnO·40P 2 O 5 using 31 P two-dimensional phase adjusted spinning sidebands nuclear magnetic resonance (2D PASS NMR) spectroscopy. The 2D PASS experiment is shown to be a robust method for determining the correlations between the 31 P isotropic shift and chemical shift tensor parameters and their distributions in this glass that allows for a remarkably detailed quantification of structural disorder. The spectra in the isotropic dimension indicate a Q-species disproportionation reaction in this glass of the type 2Q 1 = Q 2 + Q 0 that is driven to the right hand side with increasing fictive temperature. Such a reaction can be a source of configurational entropy as well as a mechanism of Q-species exchange associated with viscous flow in the supercooled liquid. In the anisotropic dimension, the 31 P chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters and their distributions are quantified for the constituent Q-species and are found to be sensitive to the thermal history of the glass. Specifically, the span and the asymmetry parameter of the 31 P chemical shift tensor decrease with lowering of the fictive temperature implying a concomitant increase in the P site symmetry resulting from the structural relaxation of the network.
Gene flow measured by allozymic analysis in pesticide resistant Typhlodromus pyri occurring within and near apple orchards

Electrophoresis of allozymes was used to estimated gene flow among populations of Typhlodromus puri Scheuten from apple orchards and nearby blackberry plants from two valleys of western Oregon, USA. Four allozyme loci unaffected by pesticides were tested. Wright's coefficient of inbreeding, FST, for all populations was 0.115 and the proportion of populations that migrated per generation, Nm, was 2.08. These values were higher than expected for such locally collected mites. No allelic patterns could be discerned for populations among or within valleys: however, more variation was found for mites collected within than between valleys. From other studies of dispersal and pesticide resistance, we concluded that T. pyri had a low dispersal rate, but these data from allozymic analysis indicated there was moderate gene flow among populations. We concluded that the unique features of the population dynamics of T. pyri may account for the differences seen in estimating gene flow when using different types of population assessment (i.e., dispersal distances, resistance rates and allozyme frequency studies).
THE SECRETORY PHYSIOLOGY OF GASTRIC FREEZING.

Dog experiments are presented showing that the alterations of gastric secretion following the freeze treatment for duodenal ulcer (as performed in humans) are due to a temporary cryogenic vagotomy. No gastric mucosal or tissue alterations otherwise occur. The general therapeutic usefulness (if any) of this physiological observation remains to be established.
Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

Naturally high total dissolved solids and upstream agricultural runoff often mask the influence of urban land cover on stream chemistry and biology. We examined the influence of headwater urbanization on the water chemistry, microbiology, and fish communities of the Big Brushy Creek watershed, a 96 km2 drainage basin in the piedmont of South Carolina, USA. Concentrations of most major anions and cations (especially nitrate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, and calcium) were highest in the urban headwaters and decreased downstream. Generally, the highest concentrations of suspended coliform bacteria occurred in the urban headwaters. In contrast, stream habitat quality and the abundance, species richness, and species diversity of fishes did not differ significantly between urban and rural sites. Discharge of wastewater treatment plant effluent at one rural location caused an increase in concentrations of many solutes and possibly the abundance of benthic algae. We hypothesize that atmospheric dry deposition and domestic animal wastes are important sources of stream solutes and of coliform bacteria, respectively, in the urban headwaters. The lack of significant differences in fish abundance and diversity between urban and rural sites may indicate that urban development in the Big Brushy Creek watershed has not yet degraded habitat conditions greatly for stream fishes. Alternatively, agriculture or other land uses may have degraded stream habitat quality throughout the watershed prior to urbanization.
Adaptive blind source separation and equalization for CDMA

The problem of separating multiple, independent code division multiple access (CDMA) sources at a single antenna element receiver in the presence of inter symbol interference, co-channel interference and additive white Gaussian noise is addressed. The channels are not known and separation process is required to be blind and adaptive. The system is assumed to consist of multiple users. Only a single user separation is desired. The CDMA channel is assumed to be a multiple-input single-output dispersive channel. The user's codes are assumed to be orthogonal and known to the receiver. The adaptation process is blind and uses the well-known constant modulus (CM) algorithm. The CM approach uses a modulus-corrected version of the output signal in place of the training signal needed in nonblind equalization techniques. The CM algorithm minimizes the deviation of this modulus from a constant in a mean squared error sense. The minimization is done using an LMS-type algorithm.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stretchable microelectrode array using room- temperature liquid alloy interconnects

In this paper, we present a stretchable microelectrode array for studying cell behavior under mechanical strain. The electrode array consists of gold-plated nail-head pins (250 µm tip diameter) or tungsten micro-wires (25.4 µm in diameter) inserted into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform (25.4 × 25.4 mm2). Stretchable interconnects to the outside were provided by fusible indium-alloy-filled microchannels. The alloy is liquid at room temperature, thus providing the necessary stretchability and electrical conductivity. The electrode platform can withstand strains of up to 40% and repeated (100 times) strains of up to 35% did not cause any failure in the electrodes or the PDMS substrate. We confirmed biocompatibility of short-term culture, and using the gold pin device, we demonstrated electric field pacing of adult murine heart cells. Further, using the tungsten microelectrode device, we successfully measured depolarizations of differentiated murine heart cells from embryoid body clusters.
Framework for classifying compliance and medical immediacy among low-acuity presentations at an urban trauma center

This research offers two exploratory frameworks, one for medical regimen compliance and one for medical immediacy. The first classifies compliance awareness, compliance mitigation, and financial limitation for those patients that exhibit nonadherence with a medical regimen. The second classifies medical immediacy and characterizes avoidable utilization. Representative sampling of adult patients presenting at an emergency department (62,000/ppy) triaged as low acuity; emergency department physician assessment of noncompliance with medical regimen for those patients with a complaint related to a chronic condition; and emergency department physician assessment of medical immediacy and avoidable utilization. Physicians report 48.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 43.5% to 53.1%) of patients with at least a single chronic condition are presenting with symptoms or complaint related to a chronic condition, and 39.6% (CI 31.7% to 47.4%) of these exhibit noncompliance with the medical regimen associated with that chronic condition. 16.4% (CI 6.6% to 26.1%) of the patients exhibit pseudo compliance, a belief that the medical regimen is in compliance when in fact it is not. If the patient had been in compliance, 85.9% (CI 77.0% to 94.8%) of the presenting conditions may have been mitigated. Noncompliance cases (34.5% (CI 22.0% to 47.1%)) are partly attributable to financial constraints. Further, 19.1% (CI 15.7% to 22.5%) are assessed as requiring no medical intervention and 3.4% (CI 1.8% to 4.9%) require immediate stabilization. A large portion of low-acuity presentations are related to a chronic condition and noncompliance with the associated medical regimen contributes to the need to seek medical services. Interventions addressing literacy and financial constraints may increase compliance and decrease utilization.
Technology and the transformation of global politics

This article looks at some of the implications of technological change for contemporary global politics. Among the most important of the consequences of innovations, especially in microelectronics, has been to erode the primacy of the territorial state and to hasten the end of the epoch of ‘international’ politics that is usually dated from the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia. Among the key consequences of the microelectronics revolution are the proliferation of nonstate actors, the growing importance of new types of boundaries, and an explosion in public participation in politics. Its effects can be felt in all the major dimensions of global politics including the economic, military and cultural realms.
Turbulent dispersion of droplets for air flow in a pipe

An optical technique was used to study the dispersion of 50 μm, 90 μm and 150 μm droplets downstream of a source located in the center of a vertical pipe through which turbulent air is flowing. A turbulent dispersion coefficient, ɛ P, and a mean-square of the fluctuations in the turbulent velocity, v p 2 , are determined from the change of the measured mean-square displacement of the droplets over the pipe cross section with time. The interesting aspect of the experiments is that they explored conditions where the inertia of the particles is believed to be a much more important effect than that of the “crossing of trajectories” associated with the inequality of the average velocities of the particles and the fluid.
Arrested puberty associated with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Androgen-producing ovarian tumors are rarely recognized as a cause of delayed or arrested puberty, despite their frequent association with secondary amenorrhea in the older patient. A case is discussed of a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in an 18-year-old girl resulting in arrest of breast development and primary amenorrhea.
Centrifugal partition chromatography. v. octanol-water partition coefficients, direct and indirect determination

Abstract Octanol-water partition coefficients (Koct) are one of the accepted physico-chemical parameters for predicting the biological effects of organic chemicals. It is demonstrated that centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) can be used to determine directly the Koct values from about 0.003 to 300. The mobile phase must be water and the stationary phase must be octanol for accurate determination of the larger Koct values. To reduce retention times and volumes, the stationary phase volume can be decreased. This can be done using an original mode: the “underload” mode. The “underloading” procedure is described. To extend the Koct range which can be determine by CPC, the system hexane (60%) octanol (40%)-water was used. A single linear relationship between log K in this system and log Koct was established allowing to determine the Koct values up to 1000 (log Koct=3).
Pregnancy decisions among women with HIV.

Nearly 80% of women currently infected with HIV are of childbearing age. As women of childbearing age continue to be at risk of contracting HIV, there will be an increased need for choices about whether or not to have biological children. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the influence of partners, physicians, and family members on pregnancy decisions, as well as the impact of HIV stigma on these decisions. Results indicated that most women chose not to become pregnant since learning their HIV diagnosis and the woman’s age at the time of diagnosis is significantly associated with this decision. Additional factors included fear of transmitting HIV to their child, personal health-related concerns, and desire to have children. Women with a procreative inclination were more likely to choose to become pregnant which outweighed social support and personal health concerns. Implications and suggestions for future research are noted.
Advances in Computer-Aided Well Test Interpretation

Despite the feeling expressed several times over the past 40 years that well-test analysis had reached it peak development, an examination of recent advances shows continuous expansion in capability, with future improvement likely. The expansion in interpretation capability over the past decade arose mainly from the development of computer-aided techniques, which, although introduced 20 years ago, have come into use only recently. The broad application of computer-aided interpretation originated with the improvement of the methodologies and continued with the expansion in computer access and capability that accompanied the explosive development of the microcomputer industry. This paper focuses on the different pieces of the methodology that combine to constitute a computer-aided interpretation and attempts to compare some of the approaches currently used. Future directions of the approach are also discussed. The separate areas discussed are deconvolution, pressure derivatives, model recognition, nonlinear regression, and confidence intervals.
Analogs of Methyl-Piperidinopyrazole (MPP): Antiestrogens with Estrogen Receptor α Selective Activity

Abstract Methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (MPP), an estrogen receptor α (ERα)-selective antagonist we developed, has a basic side chain (BSC) attached to an ERα-selective agonist ligand, methyl-pyrazole-triol (MPT) through an ether linkage. To remove the possibility that metabolic cleavage of the BSC in MPP would regenerate MPT, we have replaced the N-piperidinylethoxy moiety with an N-piperidinylpropyl group, giving MPrP. This new analog retains the high ERα-selective binding affinity and antagonist potency of MPP.
Effects of alternating monocular occlusion on the development of visual callosal connections

During normal postnatal development there is a partial elimination of the callosal projections of cortical areas 17 and 18 in the cat. Visual experience early in life can modulate this process. In the present study, we investigated how restricting visual experience to alternating monocular occlusion affects the development of the callosal connections of cortical areas 17 and 18. Alternating monocular occlusion exaggerates the normally occurring partial elimination of immature callosal projection: it causes a significant reduction in the total number of neurons in the supragranular layers that send an axon through the corpus callosum and marginally increases the distribution of these neurons across areas 17 and 18. Examination of these data in the context of the effects of other types of abnormal early visual experience on the corpus callosum and on the anatomy and physiology of areas 17 and 18 indicates that the postnatal development of the corpus callosum is under the control of multiple, interacting influences which differ in the magnitude and quality of their effects. The data also support the conclusion, drawn from our results in prior studies, that normal visual stimulation is necessary for the stabilization of the normal complement of callosal projections.
OVEREXPRESSION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70) PROTECTS PORCINE PROXIMAL TUBULAR (LLC-PK1) CELLS FROM HEAT STRESS BUT NOT HYPOXIA. † 2195

OVEREXPRESSION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70) PROTECTS PORCINE PROXIMAL TUBULAR (LLC-PK1) CELLS FROM HEAT STRESS BUT NOT HYPOXIA. † 2195
A New Technique for Aesthetic Labia Minora Reduction

A new technique has been developed to reduce the labia minora yet maintain the normal labial edge and color. Labia minora enlargement can be congenital or acquired by chronic irritation, exogenous androgenic hormones, and stretching with weights. This can cause inflammation, poor hygiene, interference with sexual intercourse, or intermittent urinary self-catheterization. Aesthetically, asymmetrical or enlarged labia minora causes self-consciousness sexually and when the subject wears tight pants. Previously labia minora reduction was performed by amputation of the protuberant segment and oversewing the edge. Now, rather than amputation, a wedge of protuberant labial tissue is excised and the labial edges are reapproximated. Four patients have undergone this aesthetic procedure with excellent results. No complications occurred. The new technique is relatively simple and can greatly enhance the patient's confidence.
Should Smartphone Users Mock Apps

Smartphones represent the most serious threat to user privacy of any widely-deployed computing technology. Unfortunately, existing permission models provide smartphone users with limited protection, in part due to the difficulty users have distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate use of their data. A mapping app may upload the same location information it uses to download maps (legitimate) to a marketing agency interested in delivering location-based ads (illegitimate). However, armed with the right technology users can turn apps' interest in personal data against them by intentionally manipulating the data that they expose. We refer to the intentional substitution of real data with artificial data intended to alter an apps perception of a user as mocking to differentiate this approach from other privacy-motivated techniques that focus on concealing data. In this paper, we explore the desirability and implications of this approach, present results from a survey suggesting that many users are interested in mocking apps, and discuss ethical and practical issues related to widespread app mocking.
Task complexity effects on non-task-related movements: A test of activation theory.

The present experiment tested the activation theory-based predictions that variation in task complexity affects experienced activation level, which in turn affects performance, satisfaction, and the number of non-task-related movements made by task performers. Subjects performed both a low-complexity and a moderate-complexity task. It was predicted that subjects would make more non-task-related movements on the low-complexity task than on the moderate-complexity task, to increase experienced activation levels that were depressed by performance of the low-complexity task. It was also hypothesized that there would be inverted-U relationships between experienced activation level and number of non-task-related movements. Finally, it was predicted that the number of non-task-related movements would be inversely related to performance. Results provided modest support for the hypotheses. Implications for theory and work design are discussed.