cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of musculoskeletal physical examination skills and attitudes of orthopaedic residents.

BACKGROUND Although the musculoskeletal physical examination is an essential part of patient encounters, we believe that it is underemphasized in residency education and that residents' physical examination skills may be lacking. We sought to assess attitudes regarding teaching of the physical examination in orthopaedic residencies, to assess physical examination knowledge and skills among residents, and to develop a method to track the skill level of residents in order to improve our physical examination curriculum. METHODS We created a thirty-question multiple-choice musculoskeletal physical examination test and administered it to our residents. We created a five-question survey assessing attitudes toward physical examination teaching in orthopaedic residencies and distributed it to U.S. orthopaedic department chairs We developed an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), in which standardized patients enact four clinical scenarios, to observe and assess physical examination skills. RESULTS The mean score on the multiple-choice physical examination test was 76% despite the fact that our residents consistently scored above 90% on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination. Department chairs and residents agreed that, although learning to perform the physical examination is important, there is not enough time in the clinical setting to observe and critique a resident's patient examination. The overall score of our residents on the OSCE was 66%. CONCLUSIONS We have exposed a deficiency in the physical examination knowledge and skills of our residents. Although the musculoskeletal physical examination is a vital practice component, our data indicate that it is likely underemphasized in training. Clinic time alone is likely insufficient for the teaching and learning of the musculoskeletal physical examination.
A wireless microsensor for monitoring flow and pressure in a blood vessel utilizing a dual-inductor antenna stent and two pressure sensors

This paper reports a micromachined antenna stent (stentenna) that is integrated with implantable microsensors for wireless sensing of blood flow and pressure with no battery. A device that has 20-mm length and 3.5-mm diameter (after expansion) is fabricated from 50 /spl mu/m thick stainless steel foil by using batch-compatible micro-electro-discharge machining. This is coupled to two micromachined capacitive pressure sensors of approximately 1.4/spl times/1.8/spl times/0.5 mm/sup 3/ dimensions. A 0.5-/spl mu/m thick parylene layer provides electrical insulation. The integrated device is deployed inside a silicone mock artery with a standard angioplasty balloon. The planar structure is plastically deformed to a tubular shape, resulting in dual helical coils with 50-60 nH each. These L-C tanks are used to wirelessly probe pressures at two points along a channel for flow-rate detection. Fluidic experiments that emulate a blockage in the mock artery demonstrate that the resonant impedance and phase provided by the LC-tanks to a separate transmitting coil shift by 5-40 MHz over flow-rate change of 150-300 mL/min. Pressure sensitivity is 273 ppm/Torr, which is >100/spl times/ higher than past results.
Robust test for detecting nonstationarity in data from gravitational wave detectors

It is difficult to choose detection thresholds for tests of nonstationarity that assume a priori a noise model if the data are statistically uncharacterized to begin with. This is a potentially serious problem when an automated analysis is required, as would be the case for the huge data sets that large interferometric gravitational wave detectors will produce. A solution is proposed in the form of a robust time-frequency test for detecting nonstationarity whose threshold for a specified false alarm rate is almost independent of the statistical nature of the ambient stationary noise. The efficiency of this test in detecting bursts is compared with that of an ideal test that requires prior information about both the statistical distribution of the noise and also the frequency band of the burst. When supplemented with an approximate knowledge of the burst duration, this test can detect, at the same false alarm rate and detection probability, bursts that are about 3 times larger in amplitude than those that the ideal test can detect. Apart from being robust, this test has properties which make it suitable as an online monitor of stationarity.
Streptococcal Bacterial Endocarditis in Chickens Associated Lesions of the Central Nervous System

Nineteen of 20 chickens with bacterial endocarditis characterized by well- developed vegetations on valves of the left side of the heart had lesions in the central nervous system. Anhemolytic streptococci were implicated as etiologic agents in 11 spon- taneous cases, and S. faecalis var. liquefaciens was used to produce the disease experimen- tally in the 9 other birds. The CNS lesions were related to bacterial emboli, and included multifocal segmental inflammation of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, with associated perivascular and intracerebral inflammatory foci, infarcts of brain tissue, and leptomenin- gitis. Lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) are commonly recognized in association with bacterial endocarditis in man (lo, 111. Although bacterial endocarditis is a well-documented disease in the chicken (4,6,7,12) there is no detailed description of accompanying lesions in the CNS of these animals. This paper reports the CNS lesions associated with spontaneous and experimental streptococcal endocarditis in chickens.
Neurocognition in Early-Onset Schizophrenia

Cognitive impairment is recognized as a central feature of schizophrenia. Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) represents a more severe variant of the disorder associated with onset in childhood or adolescence. Examination of the cognitive abnormalities of EOS offers the opportunity to explore how disease-related mechanisms may affect facets of cognitive development. This article summarizes and synthesizes available data with regards to the profile of cognitive impairments in EOS, their severity, and their evolution over the course of the disorder.
On neighbor-selection strategy in hybrid peer-to-peer networks

Recently, computer users have increased their interests in downloading large-volume contents like movies and software from the Internet, and a new generation of peer-to-peer (P2P) file-swapping applications that aims at improving the efficiency of transfer are gaining popularity. In these P2P applications, a central "tracker" decides about which peer becomes a neighbor to which other peers. This decision critically dictates the distribution efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the neighbor-selection process in this new category of P2P networks, and we propose an efficient neighbor-selection strategy that performs better than the existing ones. We show that by increasing the content availability of peers from their immediate neighbors, it can significantly improve system performance without trading off users' satisfaction. We also show that the proposed strategy is incentive-compatible and is suitable for real-time deployment.
Treatable lower motor neuron disease due to vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism

Vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia are frequently associated with muscle weakness and atrophy. We present a 78-yearold man with complaints of progressive painless weakness who was referred to us...
Structural Features of Human Memapsin 2 (β-Secretase) and Their Biological and Pathological Implications

Memapsin 2 (β-secretase) is the membrane-anchored aspartic protease that initiates the cleavage of -amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the production of amyloid-β (Aβ), a major factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since memapsin 2 is a major target for the development of inhibitor drugs for AD, it has been intensively studied during the past five years. Here we discuss the structural features of the catalytic/specificity apparatus, transmembrane domain, cytosolic domain and the implications of these features in the physiological and pathological roles of this protease.
Malabsorption of zinc in rats with acetic acid-induced enteritis and colitis

Acute intestinal inflammation was estab lished in rats by intraluminal administration of acetic acid into loops of distal ileum, proximal jejunum or ascending colon. The study included two control groups of intact (untreated) rats and sham-operated (saline- treated) rats for each intestinal segment. A third group of rats received acetic acid. HistolA³gica! evaluation demonstrated that acetic acid treatment induced a mild inflammatory response. Two days after treatment, zinc absorption was measured using ligated 10-cm loops of each segment in which 65Zn was injected intraluminally. ^5Zn absorption by the ileum, jejunum and colon was markedly reduced in those rats in which inflammation was induced by acetic acid. The liver showed the highest uptake of radioisotope, but the relative tissue distri bution generally followed the amount of absorption. The surgical procedure itself seemed to reduce zinc ab sorption. No changes in pHJIeucine absorption were ob served between sham-operated and acetic acid-treated controls. There was no significant serosal â€¢ luminal secretion of intramuscularly injected ^Zn Âin anv Ofthe studied segments. Therefore, based upon the data ob tained, we conclude that acetic acid-induced intestinal inflammation reduces absorption of zinc by the small and large intestine, and that a surgical procedure (laparotomy) also reduces zinc absorption. The mech anism of this inflammation is such that malabsorption shows some specificity. J. Nutr. 123: 1389-1395, 1993.
The Federal Aviation Administration's Unique Approach to the O'Hare Modernization Program

Shortly after the City of Chicago announced its plans for the O’Hare Modernization Program (OMP) in 2001, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) established a project office to oversee the Agency’s participation in the program and provide a focal point for the City of Chicago. As the planning and design of the program progress, the FAA’s role in the OMP grows and become increasingly complex. This paper will highlight existing FAA processes that have been adapted to work within the City’s aggressive schedule. It will also introduce new positions, functions and processes established in order to meet schedule constraints and ensure compliance with FAA criteria for airport development and operations. The redesign of the Chicago area airspace and its integration with O’Hare airfield changes will be addressed. Lastly, the paper will highlight the complexity of safely operating one of the world’s busiest airports while reconstructing that airport at the same time.
Mouse Model of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Caused by Endotoxin-Free Shiga Toxin 2 (Stx2) and Protection from Lethal Outcome by Anti-Stx2 Antibody

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) results from infection by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli and is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. We have developed a mouse model of HUS by administering endotoxin-free Stx2 in multiple doses over 7 to 8 days. At sacrifice, moribund animals demonstrated signs of HUS: increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, proteinuria, deposition of fibrin(ogen), glomerular endothelial damage, hemolysis, leukocytopenia, and neutrophilia. Increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in the sera of Stx2-treated mice indicated a systemic inflammatory response. Currently, specific therapeutics for HUS are lacking, and therapy for patients is primarily supportive. Mice that received 11E10, a monoclonal anti-Stx2 antibody, 4 days after starting injections of Stx2 recovered fully, displaying normal renal function and normal levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes. In addition, these mice showed decreased fibrin(ogen) deposition and expression of proinflammatory mediators compared to those of Stx2-treated mice in the absence of antibody. These results indicate that, when performed during progression of HUS, passive immunization of mice with anti-Stx2 antibody prevented the lethal effects of Stx2.
Isotopic yields of Mg, AL from the carbon and neon zones in the explosion of a massive star

A model is developed for the nucleosynthetic yields from the supernova explosion of a massive star of the sort which has been proposed as the initiating event in the formation of the solar system by Cameron and Truran (1977). Calculations start with the Hugoniot curves, estimating the preshock conditions from a 25 solar masses model at the start of core collapse. It is shown that the products of static carbon burning dominate abundance patterns in the ejecta. Both explosive carbon burning and explosive neon burning contribute significantly to Al-26. The production of Al-26 in this model is consistent with the trigger hypothesis.
Collider Signatures of Singlet Extended Higgs Sectors

We explore the collider signatures of the Higgs sectors in singlet extended minimal supersymmetric standard models. We find that even with reduced couplings due to singlet mixing, a significant portion of the parameter spaces have a discoverable Higgs via traditional decay modes or via invisible decays (directly to neutralinos or through cascade decays to neutralinos and neutrinos). For illustrative points in parameter space we give the likelihood of Higgs discovery. In cases where neither traditional nor invisible modes can discover the Higgs, the neutralino sector may provide evidence for the extended models.
Saliency-based selection of sparse descriptors for action recognition

Local spatiotemporal descriptors are being successfully used as a powerful video representation for action recognition. Particularly competitive recognition performance is achieved when these descriptors are densely sampled on a regular grid; in contrast to existing approaches that are based on features at interest points, dense sampling captures more contextual information, albeit at high computational cost. We here combine advantages of both dense and sparse sampling. Once descriptors are extracted on a dense grid, we prune them either randomly or based on a sparse saliency mask of the underlying video. The method is evaluated using two state-of-the-art algorithms on the challenging Hollywood2 benchmark. Classification performance is maintained with as little as 30% of descriptors, while more modest saliency-based pruning of descriptors yields improved performance. With roughly 80% of descriptors of the Dense Trajectories model, we outperform all previously reported methods, obtaining a mean average precision of 59.5%.
Investigating the continuous synthesis of a nicotinonitrile precursor to nevirapine

2-Chloro-3-amino-4-picoline (CAPIC) is a strategic building block for the preparation of nevirapine, a widely-prescribed non-nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. A continuous synthesis to the bromo derivative of a CAPIC intermediate, 2-bromo-4-methylnicotinonitrile, that terminates in a dead-end crystallization is described. The route uses inexpensive, acyclic commodity-based raw materials and has the potential to enable lower cost production of nevirapine as well as other value added structures that contain complex pyridines. The route terminates in a batch crystallization yielding high purity CAPIC. This outcome is expected to facilitate regulatory implementation of the overall process.
Fairness and sharing in innovation games: a laboratory investigation

This paper studies whether psychological considerations can prevent agents from adopting potentially Pareto improving innovations. In the innovation game without the sharing option, A chooses whether to introduce an innovation that increases A’s payoff, but reduces B’s payoff, relative to “status quo” payoffs. B then decides whether to accept or reject the innovation. The unique subgame perfect equilibrium based on pecuniary payoffs (innovate, accept) is observed less than one-half of the time. When A can invest resources to share his innovation gains with B, the availability of sharing increases the innovation rate in one of the two payoff treatments. © 2002 Elsevier Science
Lateral Solid Phase Epitaxy of Silicon Over Oxide

We review recent progress in the growth of silicon-on-insulator films by lateral solid phase epitaxy. The temperature dependence of the rates of random crystallization and solid phase epitaxy are used to predict the maximum growth of Si over oxide achievable by this technique. Actual overgrowth distances of 10 μm obtained in UHV-deposited films are considerably less than the values predicted. Several possible causes of the difference between observed and predicted overgrowth are discussed.
KOHLBERG'S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF VALIDATION STUDIES WITH THE DEFINING ISSUES TEST

This paper evaluates studies that have used the Defining Issues Test for validating Kohlberg's theory of moral stage development. Although this test was introduced to overcome inadequacies with Kohlberg's procedure, it too encounters serious methodological and conceptual difficulties. Its limitations include truncation of the stages and age range assessed. The validation studies, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, have used a correlational design and confounded age with other variables. Threats to internal and external validity obviate support claimed for Kohlberg; moral reasoning thus measured seems a function of education, IQ, direct moral training, and cultural values rather than maturation. Nor is the stage model upheld by longitudinal data, which fail to reveal sequential stepwise change and belie occasional regression. Attempted redefinition of the stage concept to salvage these data has not rescued Kohlberg's proposal, which remains to be validated empirically.
FLASH proton density imaging for improved surface coil intensity correction in quantitative and semi-quantitative SSFP perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance

A low excitation flip angle (α < 10°) steady-state free precession (SSFP) proton-density (PD) reference scan is often used to estimate the B1-field inhomogeneity for surface coil intensity correction (SCIC) of the saturation-recovery (SR) prepared high flip angle (α = 40-50°) SSFP myocardial perfusion images. The different SSFP off-resonance response for these two flip angles might lead to suboptimal SCIC when there is a spatial variation in the background B0-field. The low flip angle SSFP-PD frames are more prone to parallel imaging banding artifacts in the presence of off-resonance. The use of FLASH-PD frames would eliminate both the banding artifacts and the uneven frequency response in the presence of off-resonance in the surface coil inhomogeneity estimate and improve homogeneity of semi-quantitative and quantitative perfusion measurements. B0-field maps, SSFP and FLASH-PD frames were acquired in 10 healthy volunteers to analyze the SSFP off-resonance response. Furthermore, perfusion scans preceded by both FLASH and SSFP-PD frames from 10 patients with no myocardial infarction were analyzed semi-quantitatively and quantitatively (rest n = 10 and stress n = 1). Intra-subject myocardial blood flow (MBF) coefficient of variation (CoV) over the whole left ventricle (LV), as well as intra-subject peak contrast (CE) and upslope (SLP) standard deviation (SD) over 6 LV sectors were investigated. In the 6 out of 10 cases where artifacts were apparent in the LV ROI of the SSFP-PD images, all three variability metrics were statistically significantly lower when using the FLASH-PD frames as input for the SCIC (CoVMBF-FLASH = 0.3 ± 0.1, CoVMBF-SSFP = 0.4 ± 0.1, p = 0.03; SDCE-FLASH = 10 ± 2, SDCE-SSFP = 32 ± 7, p = 0.01; SDSLP-FLASH = 0.02 ± 0.01, SDSLP-SSFP = 0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.03). Example rest and stress data sets from the patient pool demonstrate that the low flip angle SSFP protocol can exhibit severe ghosting artifacts originating from off-resonance banding artifacts at the edges of the field of view that parallel imaging is not able to unfold. These artifacts lead to errors in the quantitative perfusion maps and the semi-quantitative perfusion indexes, such as false positives. It is shown that this can be avoided by using FLASH-PD frames as input for the SCIC. FLASH-PD images are recommended as input for SCIC of SSFP perfusion images instead of low flip angle SSFP-PD images.
Enhanced access to digital video through visually rich interfaces

An image-rich interface is presented, which emphasizes visual exploration of sets of images representing shots returned from a query of filter against a digital video corpus. This interface, a storyboard of keyframes for multiple video segments, maintains temporal layout, accommodates contextual cues and filtering, supports additional filtering through visual features, and provides a means of drilling down to synchronized points in the associated video. These features allow for effective information retrieval from a video collection, as evidenced by the success achieved in interactive query for the TREC 2002 Video Retrieval Track (TREC-V). This paper introduces TREC-V, discusses the design of the multi-segment storyboard interface, illustrates its use with respect to the TREC-V topics, and presents results and conclusions based on the TREC-V evaluation.
Correlates of the Just World Factor of Rotter's I-E Scale:

The 23 forced-choice items of Rotter's I-E Scale were converted into 46 Likert agree-disagree items. Intercorrelations of the 46 I-E items were subjected to a principal factor analysis. A varimax rotation yielded four subscales: Belief in a difficult world, a just world, a politically responsive world, and a predictable world. Most items with high loadings on the just world factor had low loadings on the first principal factor. Further, a correlational study showed that the just world factor scores were negatively related to authoritarianism, dogmatism, intolerance of ambiguity, and attribution of blame to women for their inferior state (internals scored higher on all four measures). Except for one positive correlation between the difficult world factor scores and dogmatism, (internals scored lower on dogmatism), the three other I-E factors were not related to any of the four measures. Contrary to predictions, just world factor scores were not related to a low level of political activity. The correlationa...
Kinetics and interrelation of (beta)-carotene and canthaxanthin transport in human plasma lipoproteins

The kinetics of single equimolar doses of jJ-carotene and canthaxanthin (47 [imol and 44 ^mol, respectively) in plasma and plasma lipoproteins were investigated and compared in healthy premenopausal women. The lipoproteins were separated by cumulative rate ultracentrifiigation which isolated four subfractions of trigiyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) with progressively decreasing diameter and increasing density, i.e. chylomicron and three very-low density lipoprotein (VLDLA, B, and C) fractions, and also intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL). In plasma, P-carotene kinetics were biphasic with a minor peak increment at 5 h post-dosing (0.36 ± 0.06 |imol/L), aft«" which concentrations fell and then increased again to a larger peak at 48 h post-dosing (0.82 ± 0.21 jimol/L). The minor plasma peak coincided with peak P-carotene increments in TRL. The major peak was associated with appearance of Pcarotene in LDL. The peak increment at 6 h in VLDLA (0.12 ± 0.05 pimol/L) exceeded that in chylomiCTons (0.07 ± 0.03 |imol/L) although the apolipoprotein profile by sodium
ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES: STANDARDIZED TERMS OR ‘LINGUA FRANCA’?

ABSTRACT Whereas the anatomy of birds, domesticated mammals, and humans is described by standardized terminology, the anatomy of most fossil vertebrates is described by nonstandardized terminology. New fossil discoveries increasingly resolve the transitions between these living groups and their fossil outgroups, diminishing morphological differences between them, and vertebrate paleontologists can easily apply more than one system of anatomical terms to such groups. This plurality of systems has led to recent proposals to standardize anatomical terminology for tetrapods, either by applying avian and mammalian anatomical terminology to their respective stem groups (Sauropsida and Synapsida) or by creating an all-encompassing terminology for Tetrapoda from a combination of existing terminologies. The main rationale for implementing standardized anatomical terminology, which requires abandoning competing terminologies, is that it reflects homology and evolutionary descent, eliminates ambiguity, and enhances ...
Losartan with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension.

Aim To review the efficacy and safety of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide compared to losartan alone, hydrochlorothiazide alone or placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in a clinical trial. Patients and methods A randomly allocated, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel study was performed in 40 clinical centers throughout the United States. A total of 703 males and females aged 18-75 years with a sitting diastolic blood pressure of 95-115 mmHg entered the trial and 604 completed the 12-week protocol. The participants were randomly assigned to concomitant therapy once a day with: (1) 50 mg losartan and 6.25 mg hydrochlorothiazide, (2) 50 mg losartan and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide, (3) 50 mg losartan alone, (4) 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide alone or (5) placebo. All participants were followed for 12 weeks. Results At baseline, mean trough sitting diastolic blood pressure was 100.9-101.7 mmHg, with no significant difference between treatment groups. Sitting diastolic blood pressure fell 4.0 mmHg with placebo, 7.2 mmHg with 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide, 7.2 mmHg with 50 mg losartan, 9.3 mmHg with 50 mg losartan + 6.25 mg hydrochlorothiazide, and 13.2 mmHg with 50 mg losartan + 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide. The fall in mean trough sitting systolic blood pressure was 2.4, 9.3, 10.7, 12.0 and 17.9 mmHg for the respective groups. After subtracting the placebo effect, the reductions in blood pressure induced by losartan and hydrochlorothiazide were additive for both sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressures and approximately equaled the reduction seen with the combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. There were no significant differences in adverse events between treatment groups. Conclusions The concomitant administration of 50 mg losartan + 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide produced additive falls in sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressures which were greater than that achieved with either drug alone. On the basis of the adverse effects reported, the combination was well tolerated.
Nanolipoprotein Particles (NLPs) as Versatile Vaccine Platforms for Co-delivery of Multiple Adjuvants with Subunit Antigens from Burkholderia spp. and F. tularensis - Technical Report

The goal of this proposal is to demonstrate that colocalization of protein subunit antigens and adjuvants on nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) can increase the protective efficacy of subunit antigens from Burkholderia spp. and Francisella tularensis against an aerosol challenge. In the third quarter of the third year, F344 rats vaccinated with adjuvanted NLP formulations were challenged with F. tularensis SCHU S4 at Battelle. Preliminary data indicate that up to 65% of females vaccinated intranasally with an NLP-based formulation survived this challenge, compared to only 20% survival of naive animals. In addition, NLPs were successfully formulated with Burkholderia protein antigens. IACUC approval for immunological assessments in BALB/c mice was received and we anticipate that these assessments will begin by March 2015, pending ACURO approval.
Protection Offered to Consumers by the North Carolina State Government

IN AN economy where the individual's consumption is limited to the specific goods he produces, it is obvious that there is an immediate relationship between each individual's production and his consumption. In our contemporary specialized exchange economy, however, production and consumption, though still interdependent, have become so far separated that the short-run objectives of the two functions frequently conflict. Thus we find the producer of goods desiring either an accidental or deliberately controlled scarcity of goods on the market so that the market value of his output relative to costs, and hence his profits, will be increased. The consumer's objective is the opposite; he wishes for an abundance of goods and low prices. It can readily be understood, therefore, that the consumer interest is a specialized interest arising out of specialization, the division of labor, and large-scale enterprise. It is in an economy such as ours, where specialization and exchange predominate, that the opposition of consumers to producers becomes apparent. Traditionally the consumer's role in our economic system has been predominately passive, primarily because most consumers are also producers and have chosen to increase their real income through their action as producers rather than as consumers. This is not an unnatural reaction since it is usually simpler to improve one's status by selling one's
Individual Mound Treatments for Control of the Western Harvester Ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, in Wyoming

Research on the control of the western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson), by treating mounds individually was carried out in 1962 and 1963. Of the insecticides tested, fenthion and Bayer 39007 (o-isopropoxy phenyl phethyl methylcarbamate), in water, when poured down the entrance of the mounds gave less than 70% control. Bayer 38920 (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahy-dro-3-methyl-6,9-methano-2,4-benzodioxepin) provided no control. Mirex and ENT 27005 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-nonachloro. 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane) on corncob grits mixed with soybean oil provided excellent control in southeastern Wyoming. Niether mirex (0.075 and 0.15%) nor ENT 27005 (0.075%) gave acceptable control in central Wyoming. Later tests in central Wyoming with Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta [ cd ]pentalen-2-one) Ant and Roach bait (0.125%) and mirex (0.125%) with peanut-meal base provided better control than was obtained with other bases. Excellent control was obtained with mirex when tallow was substituted for soybean oil on the corncob-grit bait.
Rhinosinusitis and Parotid Enlargement in a Young African American Man

AyoungAfricanAmericanmanpresentedwith a6-monthhistoryof nasal congestion, facial pressure, purulent rhinorrhea, and hypo-osmia that had not improved despite multiple coursesofantibiotics andsteroids.Hismedical historywassignificant for chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, andasthma, forwhichhetookfluticasonepropionateandsalmeterol (Advair) and albuterol. A review of systems revealed epiphora and ocular crusting for 4 months. Findings on nasal endoscopy includedbilateral turbinate hypertrophy and significant nasal crusting.A computed tomographic (CT) scanof the sinuses revealeddiffusemucosal thickening consistent with pansinusitis (Figure, A). All laboratory results from an autoimmune workup were normal for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, antinuclear antibody, and immunoglobulin levels. He had a normal chest radiograph. The patient was lost to follow-up but returned several months later with 6weeks of progressive bilateral parotid swelling (Figure, B). His parotid glands were diffusely enlarged and tender, and his facial function was normal. Radiologically, nomasses or sialoliths were seen (Figure, C). His only associated symptomswere fevers and fatigue. A history of recent tuberculosis exposure was obtained. Test results for SSa/SSb levels, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mumps titers, rapid plasma reagin, amylase, cytomegalovirus PCR, and quantiferon testing were negative. A superficial parotid biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomatous inflammation (Figure, D). Parotid biopsy specimen D Axial postcontrast CT of neck C Preoperative photograph B Coronal noncontrast CT image A
Computational Design of Materials: Planetary Entry to Electric Aircraft and Beyond

NASA's projects and missions push the bounds of what is possible. To support the agency's work, materials development must stay on the cutting edge in order to keep pace. Today, researchers at NASA Ames Research Center perform multiscale modeling to aid the development of new materials and provide insight into existing ones. Multiscale modeling enables researchers to determine micro- and macroscale properties by connecting computational methods ranging from the atomic level (density functional theory, molecular dynamics) to the macroscale (finite element method). The output of one level is passed on as input to the next level, creating a powerful predictive model.
O.J. Simpson Facts and Fictions: O.J. and politics

In the previous chapter, you will recall, I proposed a theoretical model for understanding the nature of media events like the “Trial of the Century.” A diagram of the model (see figure 9, chapter 1) graphically depicted six discrete factors – political projects, O.J. narratives, intertextual memory, individual decoding, social network discussions, and negotiated decoding – that interact with one another in ways that periodically lead to galvanizing foci of public interest and investment. This chapter zeroes in on the first of these factors, political projects, and the role it played in the O.J. Simpson double murder case. Politics, of course, literally refers to the gaining, using, and losing of power. And if we understand power as the ability – either through coercion or consent – to get people to act against their will, or as simply occupying a structural location that facilitates deriving benefit from the actions of others, then we get that much closer to comprehending the social significance of political projects. Inspired by Michael Omi and Howard Winant's (1986, 1994) work on “racial projects,” I understand “political projects” to be discourses that are (re)activated in order to simultaneously offer a common-sense explanation for political dynamics and to privilege certain political interests above others so that power might be redistributed (or its current distribution reinforced).
What Is a Theory of Function Supposed to Do

Biological functions are central to several debates in science and philosophy. In science, they play a role in debates in genetics, neuroscience, biomedicine, and ecology. In philosophy, they play a role in debates about the nature of teleological reasoning, biological information, trait classification, normativity, meaning and mental representation, health, disease, and the nature of artifacts. Yet philosophers and scientists disagree about what biological functions are, or whether there are different kinds of functions. One problem is that they do not agree about what, precisely, a philosophical theory of biological function is supposed to be or to do. I begin this chapter by discussing why functions matter to philosophy and science. I lay out three very traditional desiderata for a theory of function: namely, that the theory account for the function/accident distinction and the explanatory and normative features of function. I review three main approaches to thinking about what a theory of function should be: a conceptual analysis, a theoretical definition, and a Carnapian-style explication. I argue that it does not matter which one we accept so long as we agree that a theory of function should be reasonably constrained by actual biological usage.
Diversity of Dechlorinating Bacteria

Chlorinated compounds are ubiquitous environmental pollutants due to their extensive use in industry, agriculture, and private households. Despite efforts to replace chlorinated chemicals by compounds that are of lesser environmental concern, large amounts of chlorinated chemicals are still produced for a variety of applications (44). In the early 1970s, the potential danger that chloroorganic chemicals pose to the environment and human health was recognized and consequently, production and handling operations were optimized and restricted to minimize human exposure, as well as to improve environmental quality. At the time, it was believed that the chemically synthesized chloroorganic compounds had no naturally occurring counterparts, and were therefore termed “xenobiotics” (from the greek, xenos = foreign, and bios = life). Research over the last two decades, however, has demonstrated that most, if not all, chloroorganic pollutants are also produced naturally, and are not “foreign to life”. Hence, the term xenobiotic is misleading, and should only be used to indicate that anthropogenic (from the greek, anthropos=people, and genesis = creation) activity has changed the concentration of a chloroorganic compound in certain environments. Significant amounts of chloroorganic compounds are of biogenic and geogenic origin (7, 28, 59-62, 76, 77, 146). Marine organisms, in particular seaweeds, sponges, ascidians, soft corals, and algae, commonly produce a variety of secondary metabolites, many of which are halogenated compounds (62, 72, 73). The function of these compounds for the producing organisms is largely unknown, however, in some cases haloorganic compounds may play a role as feeding deterrents (72,73). Abrahamsson et al. (1) demonstrated the biogenic formation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) by different species of temperate, subtropical, and tropical marine microand macroalgae. Other algal species have been shown to produce halogenated propanes (63), and cyanobacterial mats were implied to be a major source of a variety of halogenated aliphatic compounds (161). The natural global production of
Comparison between different methods for parametric image estimation in analyzer-based phase contrast images

Analyzer-based phase contrast imaging (ABI) is an emerging imaging technique capable of visualizing complex interactions between X-rays and an object. Like many of the modern imaging techniques, ABI is a computed imaging method where parametric images are estimated from raw data.
DNA-Directed Self-Assembly of Highly Ordered and Dense Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT or CNT) have unique and well-known high-performance material properties that can enable revolutionary increases in the performance of electronic devices and architectures. However, fabrication of large-scale SWNT-based ICs is an enormously challenging, unsolved problem, and self-assembly is likely needed for critical steps. Over the past several years, methods have been introduced to created ordered carbon nanotube structures using DNA guided self-assembly. In this chapter, we briefly review the challenges involved in using DNA to assemble SWNT nanostructures, and then give detailed methods to assemble dense, aligned SWNT arrays. In particular, we discuss the preparation of DNA wrapped single-walled nanotubes (DNA-CNTs) using commercial carbon nanotube products that are suitable for electronics applications. Then, we discuss methods to characterize DNA-CNTs using fluid mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, we give detailed procedures for assembly of DNA-CNTs into dense parallel arrays via linker induced surface assembly (LISA).
Metrologies supporting EUV lithography

EUV lithography remains the preferred option for 7-nm node semiconductor device manufacturing. Successful insertion of this technology into manufacturing, however, will also depend on the development and deployment of new EUV actinic metrologies. Here we describe the metrology needs and status of such systems and the critical components they require.
Methylation of avpr1a in the cortex of wild prairie voles: effects of CpG position and polymorphism

DNA methylation can cause stable changes in neuronal gene expression, but we know little about its role in individual differences in the wild. In this study, we focus on the vasopressin 1a receptor ( avpr1a ), a gene extensively implicated in vertebrate social behaviour, and explore natural variation in DNA methylation, genetic polymorphism and neuronal gene expression among 30 wild prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ). Examination of CpG density across 8 kb of the locus revealed two distinct CpG islands overlapping promoter and first exon, characterized by few CpG polymorphisms. We used a targeted bisulfite sequencing approach to measure DNA methylation across approximately 3 kb of avpr1a in the retrosplenial cortex, a brain region implicated in male space use and sexual fidelity. We find dramatic variation in methylation across the avrp1a locus, with pronounced diversity near the exon–intron boundary and in a genetically variable putative enhancer within the intron. Among our wild voles, differences in cortical avpr1a expression correlate with DNA methylation in this putative enhancer, but not with the methylation status of the promoter. We also find an unusually high number of polymorphic CpG sites (polyCpGs) in this focal enhancer. One polyCpG within this enhancer (polyCpG 2170) may drive variation in expression either by disrupting transcription factor binding motifs or by changing local DNA methylation and chromatin silencing. Our results contradict some assumptions made within behavioural epigenetics, but are remarkably concordant with genome-wide studies of gene regulation.
Genetic Analysis of Toxin Production by Fungi

Certain plant pathogenic fungi produce toxins, secondary metabolites that have adverse effects on plants. The roles of fungal toxins in pathogenesis have rarely been critically evaluated. However, at least 15 species of fungi produce special types of toxic molecules called host-specific toxins (Yoder, 1980). These metabolites are toxic to susceptible hosts of the fungus but not to resistant plants or nonhosts. Host-specificity suggests, but does not prove, that these toxins play significant roles in pathogenesis. To date, the most persuasive argument that can be made in support of pathological roles for these toxins is based on conventional genetic analyses. Toxin production, in three cases at least, is correlated genetically with fungal pathogenicity or virulence.
Comics and in-Between Kids: Immigration-Themed Graphic Novels as a Resource for Second-Generation Adolescents

This paper describes the process of acculturation for immigrant adolescents using immigration-themed graphic novels. The author’s own experience as a third-culture child is offered as a starting point. The paper explains recent developments in acculturation theory. It uses vignettes from the graphic novels to show discrimination, ethnic bullying, and cultural self-definition. The article explains adolescents’ life-and-death need to belong in tension with a need to hold onto ethnic pride. It underscores that the painful process of working through cultural identifications is an important part of identity development and faith formation for adolescents.
Immunologic significance of specificities of cellular agglutinins of Limulus polyphemus.

From the earliest investigations of blood group antigens, plant extracts (lectins) were found with hemagglutinating ability. The hemolymph of selected invertebrate animal species were found to contain agglutinins for a variety of animal cells and specificity for human erythrocyte blood groups.
Effects of Production and the 1930 Business Depression on Farm Income

Major business and agricultural depressions that periodically sweep over the country tend to restore a more balanced sense of economic realities. During such trials we tend to learn again the lesson that sustained agricultural well-being depends on sustained industrial prosperity here and abroad. During the few years of sustained urban prosperity prior to the collapse in the last half of 1929-years when domestic demand conditions were relatively stable-it appeared to some that the farmers' problems were largely of their own making, with only minor influences due to industrial conditions. Some even attempted to prove statistically that most of the variations in farm prices and farm income are due to variations in supply. The events of 1930 and 1931, however, have again demonstrated how a business depression sweeping over the entire country drags farmers down to the despair of profitless production and the loss of their land just as it reduces millions of industrial workers to the dire want of the jobless. The purpose of this statement is to point out a few specific influences of the 1930 business depression on agriculture, and to present certain facts of aggregate production, prices and income for the country as a whole which show fairly clearly how the great changes in general demand conditions, and not production, were the chief factors in the collapse in farm income in 1930 and 1931. These facts together with others that have to do with inflexible taxes, debts, operating costs; with competition between farmers of different regions, between farmers and unemployed city labor, and with foreign demand and competition and the vagaries of nature, point to the tremendous difficulties in the way of regional or national agricultural adjustments to demand conditions weighed down by national and international forces. Being practically insuperable, these difficulties lend 'reasonableness to the point of view, now frequently heard, that a solution of the present agricultural depression depends more on restoring industrial prosperity than on adjusting agricultural production to the reduced demand. Some of the effects that a business depression can have on