cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practices Associated with Weight Loss Versus Weight-Loss Maintenance: Results of a National Survey

Background Few studies have examined the weight-control practices that promote weight loss and weight-loss maintenance in the same sample. Purpose To examine whether the weight control practices associated with weight loss differ from those associated with weight-loss maintenance. Methods Cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 1165 U.S. adults. The adjusted associations of the use of 36 weight-control practices in the past week with success in weight loss (≥10% lost in the past year) and success in weight-loss maintenance (≥10% lost and maintained for ≥1 year) were examined. Results Of the 36 practices, only 8 (22%) were associated with both weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Overall, there was poor agreement (kappa=0.22) between the practices associated with weight loss and/or weight-loss maintenance. For example, those who reported more often following a consistent exercise routine or eating plenty of low-fat sources of protein were 1.97 (95% CI=1.33, 2.94) and 1.76 (95% CI=1.25, 2.50) times more likely, respectively, to report weight-loss maintenance but not weight loss. Alternatively, those who reported more often doing different kinds of exercises or planning meals ahead of time were 2.56 (95% CI=1.44, 4.55) and 1.68 (95% CI=1.03, 2.74) times more likely, respectively, to report weight loss but not weight-loss maintenance. Conclusions Successful weight loss and weight-loss maintenance may require two different sets of practices. Designing interventions with this premise may inform the design of more effective weight-loss maintenance interventions.
On the Relationship between Tropical and North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Variations

Abstract Empirical orthogonal function analysis of winter sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific domain (60°N–20°S) reveals an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode that is linked to the eastern North Pacific, and a North Pacific mode that is linearly independent of ENSO. The North Pacific mode exhibits maximum amplitude and variance explained along ∼40°N, west of ∼170°W. SSTs in this region have decreased by ∼1.5°C from 1950 to 1987. The cooling in winter has been associated with a strengthening of the overlying westerly winds.
Wnt signaling: a shaggy dogma tale.

The serine/threonine kinase GSK3 is known to negatively regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, keeping downstream targets off in unstimulated cells. New studies have now unveiled an additional, positive role for GSK3 in Wnt signaling, as well as a new role for a second kinase, CK1γ.
A rule based system for automated industrial inspection

This paper describes an automated visual inspection system for complex industrial purposes. The system is composed of four main interacting divisions. These represent knowledge, processing modules, data structures and the master program. The knowledge division is composed of a model and a set of rules. The model describes geometrical, positional and relational properties of the items under test. Rules are further classified into representational, procedural and control rules. Representational rules are a set of design rules that should be followed by items under inspection. Procedural rules are the specific steps that should be executed to ensure the validity of representational rules. Control rules are respon-sible for the sequence of different levels of system activities. Processing modules are simple image processing, morphological and pattern recognition procedures, each assigned a particular job. They share data at different levels of representation. The master program, supervized by the procedural and control rules, chooses the appropriate processing module to continuously update the data or create a new pictorial structure in order to achieve specific goals. The seperation between the rules and the master program makes it a learning system in the sense that it can be taught new models, design rules and inspection algorithms. Thus, it can be easily adapted to different applications.
Gender, Reflected Appraisals, and Labeling: A Cross-Group Test of an Interactionist Theory of Delinquency

This article builds upon a symbolic interactionist model of delinquency (Matsueda 1992) by assessing whether an interactionist model can account for the gender gap in delinquent behavior. We argue that delinquency is determined in part by the self as conceived by symbolic interactionists, which in turn is determined by a process of labeling by significant others. We estimate a cross-gender model of delinquency using data from the National Youth Survey and find that, for both males and females, parental appraisals significantly affect youths' reflected appraisals, which in turn predict delinquency. Nevertheless, wefind some gender interactions: for males, parental labeling and reflected appraisals have a larger effect on delinquency, and males are more likely to be falsely accused by parents. Vhen we take into accoutnt gender differences in both levels of independent variables and the magnitude of effects of those variables, our model explains a substantial portion of the gender gap in delinquency.
Prostate epithelial Pten/TP53 loss leads to transformation of multipotential progenitors and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

Loss of PTEN and loss of TP53 are common genetic aberrations occurring in prostate cancer. PTEN and TP53 contribute to the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation in prostate progenitors, presumptive tumor initiating cells for prostate cancer. Here we characterize the transformed phenotypes resulting from deletion of the Pten and TP53 tumor suppressors in prostate epithelium. Using the PB-Cre4+Ptenfl/flTP53fl/fl model of prostate cancer, we describe the histological and metastatic properties of primary tumors, transplanted primary tumor cells, and clonal cell lines established from tumors. Adenocarcinoma was the major primary tumor type that developed, which progressed to lethal sarcomatoid carcinoma at approximately 6 months of age. In addition, basal carcinomas and prostatic urothelial carcinomas were observed. We show that tumor heterogeneity resulted, at least in part, from the transformation of multipotential progenitors. CK8+ luminal epithelial cells were capable of undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vivo to sarcomatoid carcinomas containing osseous metaplasia. Metastasis rarely was observed from primary tumors, but metastasis to lung and lymph nodes occurred frequently from orthotopic tumors initiated from a biphenotypic clonal cell line. Androgen deprivation influenced the differentiated phenotypes of metastases. These data show that one functional consequence of Pten/TP53 loss in prostate epithelium is lineage plasticity of transformed cells.
Electrodermal activity in low and high alexithymia neurotic patients.

This study explores the relations between alexithymia and level of arousal in patients suffering from anxiety states. Among 105 patients investigated, two groups were finally identified by means of th
Re-establishment of mycorrhizas on Mount St Helens: migration vectors

Large tracts of sterile soils resulted from the debris and tephra deposited by the 1980 Mount St Helens volcanic eruption. Re-establishment of vegetation may depend on the plants reforming mycorrhizas, wherein the fungus must migrate from outside the disturbed area or from pockets where residuals survived. From 1982 to 1985, VA mycorrhizas were observed to immigrate primarily in association with migrating mammals. Wind entrainment of soil and some Glomus spp. spores from buried topsoils exposed by gopher activity were also observed. Ectomycorrhizal fungi appeared to migrate primarily by wind.
Weight changes in children in foster care for 1 year

Abstract Objective The aims of this study of predominately racial/ethnic minority children in foster care ( N = 360, birth to 19 years old) in Los Angeles, CA were to examine the (1) prevalence of obesity (≥95 percentile) and overweight/obese (≥85 percentile) upon entrance to foster care (T1) and after 1 year in foster care (T2); (2) comparison of high weight categories to national statistics; (3) relationship of changes in weight status to age, reason for entry into foster care, and placement. Methods Chi-square test and McNemar test comparing paired proportions were used to determine whether there were significant changes in the proportion of high weight categories between T1 and T2. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the association between age, placement, and reason for foster care with the change in weight category. Changes in weight were categorized as (1) decreased in weight, (2) remained at overweight or obese, (3) increased in weight, or (4) remained normal. Results The proportion of obese and obese/overweight children between ages 2 and 5 were significantly lower at T2 than T1. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of obesity for the total population at T2. Children age 6 or older had a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight/obesity compared to national statistics. Of children at all ages, 64.7% of children of all ages entered foster care with a normal weight and stayed in the normal range during their first year in foster care, 12.2% decreased their weight, 15.4% remained overweight or obese, and 7.7% increased their weight. Age and parental substance use was related to change in weight category from T1 to T2. Conclusion Children did not become more overweight or obese in foster care; however 28% of the children were obese or overweight upon entry into foster care. Children who are 6 years or older and obese upon entering foster care should be targeted for weight reduction. The pediatric community and child welfare system need to work together by including weight percentiles in the foster care file and training/monitoring child welfare caregivers in weight reduction interventions.
Effects of excessive temperature change on contrast in temperature perception

Contrast in temperature perception was investigated in two experiments to follow up a previous report of perceptual assimilation. The results suggest that perceptual assimilation does not occur; instead, large temperature shifts result in periods of tingling or numbness which appear to mask thermal sensations.
In vitro and in vivo comparative colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on orthopaedic implant materials

Abstract Clinically, Staphylococcus aureus appears to be the dominant organism associated with infected metal implants, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains are more frequently isolated from infected polymer implants. We reproduced this trend experimentally in vitro and in vivo. Discs of a titanium alloy, poly(methyl methacrylate) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene were exposed to a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureaus or either of two strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Within 1 h Staphylococcus aureus was always the most rapid colonizer regardless of biomaterial. However, after 8 to 24 h, Staphylococcus aureus was present in higher numbers on metal and Staphylococcus epidermidis on polymers. Moreover, the exopolysaccharide produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis appeared to offer an effective protection against host defences in vivo.
Sensory cues and receptors for oviposition by Heliothis virescens

When given a choice of cotton (host) and ground cherry (non host) in a close range situation, Heliothis virescens (F.), the tobacco budworm, depends primarily on contact chemoreception and mechanoreception, and not olfaction or vision, to discriminate between these two plant species for oviposition. Further, in the presence of a certain level of hairiness (the non-host plant, ground cherry, has short capitate hairs), the females are capable of discriminating between these two plants based on contact chemosensory cues, if at least one pair of tarsi is intact. The contact chemosensilla on the ovipositor do not seem to be important for this purpose. These results are discussed in relation to the sensory cues and receptors for oviposition in other Lepidoptera, especially moths. Resume Signaux et recepteurs sensoriels intervenant dans la ponte d'Heliothis virescens Les differentes recepteurs sensoriels (chimique, mecanique et visuel) des femelles d'H. virescens ont ete rendus inactifs par traitement a l'acide, anten-notectomie ou peinture des yeux avec un enduit noir du type vernis a ongles, pour etudier le determinisme sensoriel de la selection des hǒtes lors de la ponte; les papillons avaient le choix entre le coton (Gossypium hirsutum), sur lequel ils pondent normalement, et Physalis angulata sur lequel on n'observe pas de pontes dans la nature. Au laboratoire, a faible distance, le choix de H. virescens dependait en premier lieu des mecanorecepteurs et des recepteurs chimiques dits de contact (gustatifs), et non de la vision ou de l'olfaction. En presence d'un certain niveau de pilosite (P. angulata possede de courts poils capites), les femelles choisissent les plantes en fonction de la perception chimique dite de contact (gustation) tant qu'une paire de tarses reste intacte. Les sensilles chimiques de l'ovitube ne semblent pas jouer un rǒle important a cet egard. La discussion a examine ces resultats a la lumiere des processus sensoriels utilises par d'autres papillons.
Managing power and performance for system-on-chip designs using Voltage Islands

This paper discusses Voltage Islands, a system architecture and chip implementation methodology, that can be used to dramatically reduce active and static power consumption for System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. As technology scales for increased circuit density and performance, the need to reduce power consumption increases in significance as designers strive to utilize the advancing silicon capabilities. The consumer product market further drives the need to minimize chip power consumption. Effective use of Voltage Islands for meeting SoC power and performance requirements, while meeting Time to Market (TAT) demands, requires novel approaches throughout the design flow as well as special circuit components and chip powering structures. This paper outlines methods being used today to design Voltage Islands in a rapid-TAT product development environment, and discusses the need for industry EDA advances to create an industry-wide Voltage Island design capability.
A Review of Donaldson and Dunfee's Ties That Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics

This article reviews Thomas Donaldson and Thomas Dunfee's new book Ties That Bind. The article argues that the book is a helpful elaboration of Donaldson and Dunfee's Integrative Social Contracts Approach, particularly with regard to their specification of hypernorms. The article also presents Donaldson and Dunfee's argument with regard to how the hypernorm of necessary social efficiency applies to bribery and raises questions about the extent to which human moral behavior might be hardwired.
Inequalities involving the lifetime of series and parallel systems

Let {Xi} be independent HNBUE (Harmonic New Better Than Used in Expectation) random variables and let {Yi} be independent exponential random variables such that E{Xi}=E{Yi} It is shown that for all increasing and concave u. This generalizes a result of Kubat. When comparing two series systems with components of equal cost, one with lifetimes {Xi} and the other with lifetimes {Yi}, it is shown that a risk-averse decision-maker will prefer the HNBUE system. Similar results are obtained for parallel systems.
Lysine Methylation and Functional Modulation of Androgen Receptor by Set9 Methyltransferase

Lysine methyltransferases modulate activities of transcription factors and transcription coregulators by methylating specific lysine residue(s). We report that the androgen receptor (AR) is methylated at lysine-630 by Set9, which was originally identified as a histone H3K4 monomethyltransferase. Alanine substitution of lysine-630 prevented AR methylation in vitro and in vivo. Set9 methylated the nuclear and cytoplasmic AR utilizing the cofactor S-adenosyl-methionine. A pan-methyllysine antibody recognized endogenous AR, and Set9 coimmunoprecipitated with nuclear and cytoplasmic AR. Set9 overexpression potentiated AR-mediated transactivation of the probasin promoter, whereas Set9 depletion inhibited AR activity and target gene expression. Similar to AR, chromatin occupancy of Set9 at androgen response elements (AREs) was androgen dependent, and associated with methylated histone H3K4 chromatin activation marks and p300/CBP associated factor acetyltransferase recruitment. Set9 depletion increased the histone H3K9-dimethyl repressive mark at AREs and reduced histone activation marks and occupancy of p300/CBP associated factor. K630A mutation reduced amino- and carboxy-terminal (N-C) interaction in Set9-intact cells, whereas N-C interaction for wild-type AR was reduced upon Set9 depletion. The K630A mutant was resistant to loss of activity from Set9 silencing and to increase of activity from Set9 overexpression. The K630 dependence of Set9-regulated N-C interaction and AR activity suggests that Set9 directly acts on AR at the amino acid level. Chromatin recruitment of Set9 to AREs is suggestive of its additional role as a transcriptional coactivator. Because the cellular metabolic state determines the level of S-adenosylmethionine and consequently the activity of Set9, the enhanced activity of methylated AR may have special significance in certain metabolic contexts.
Language Development in Profoundly Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants

Although cochlear implants improve the ability of profoundly deaf children to understand speech, critics claim that the published literature does not document even a single case of a child who has developed a linguistic system based on input from an implant. Thus, it is of clinical and scientific importance to determine whether cochlear implants facilitate the development of English language skills. The English language skills of prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants were measured before and after implantation. We found that the rate of language development after implantation exceeded that expected from unimplanted deaf children (p < .001) and was similar to that of children with normal hearing. Despite a large amount of individual variability, the best performers in the implanted group seem to be developing an oral linguistic system based largely on auditory input obtained from a cochlear implant.
Precise identification of side-effect-free methods in Java

Knowing which methods do not have side effects is necessary in a variety of software tools for program understanding, restructuring, optimization, and verification. We present a general approach for identifying side-effect-free methods in Java software. Our technique is parameterized by class analysis and is designed to work on incomplete programs. We present empirical results from two instantiations of the approach, based on rapid type analysis and on points-to analysis. In our experiments with several components, on average 22% of the investigated methods were identified as free of side effects. We also present a precision evaluation which shows that the approach achieves almost perfect precision - i.e., it almost never misses methods that in reality have no side effects. These results indicate that very precise identification of side-effect-free methods is possible with simple and inexpensive analysis techniques, and therefore can be easily incorporated in software tools.
From Quantitative Results to Qualitative Meaning: A Look at Renzulli Learning Through the Eyes of Students, Teachers, and Administrators at Oak Hills Elementary School and Inman Middle School:

This article summarizes an experimental study that investigated the use of Renzulli Learning on oral reading fluency, reading comprehension, science achievement, and social studies achievement amon...
Characterization of the structure and composition of gecko adhesive setae

The ability of certain reptiles to adhere to vertical (and hang from horizontal) surfaces has been attributed to the presence of specialized adhesive setae on their feet. Structural and compositional studies of such adhesive setae will contribute significantly towards the design of biomimetic fibrillar adhesive materials. The results of electron microscopy analyses of the structure of such setae are presented, indicating their formation from aggregates of proteinaceous fibrils held together by a matrix and potentially surrounded by a limiting proteinaceous sheath. Microbeam X-ray diffraction analysis has shown conclusively that the only ordered protein constituent in these structures exhibits a diffraction pattern characteristic of β-keratin. Raman microscopy of individual setae, however, clearly shows the presence of additional protein constituents, some of which may be identified as α-keratins. Electrophoretic analysis of solubilized setal proteins supports these conclusions, indicating the presence of a group of low-molecular-weight β-keratins (14–20 kDa), together with α-keratins, and this interpretation is supported by immunological analyses.
Future Therapeutic Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

In this review, we speculate about future therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), focusing on the need for better preclinical and clinical models and approaches beyond small molecules and systemically administered biologics. We offer ideas to change clinical trial programs and to use immunologic and genetic biomarkers to personalize medicine. We attempt to reconcile past therapeutic successes and failures to improve future approaches. Some of our ideas might be provocative, but we hope that the examples we provide will stimulate discussion about what will advance the field of IBD therapy.
Practical programmable packets

We present SNAP (safe and nimble active packets), a new scheme for programmable (or active) packets centered around a new low-level packet language. Unlike previous active packet approaches, SNAP is practical: namely, adding significant flexibility over IP without compromising safety and security or efficiency. In this paper we show how to compile from the well-known active picket language PLAN to SNAP, showing that SNAP retains PLAN's flexibility; give proof sketches of its novel approach to resource control; and present experimental data showing SNAP attains performance very close to that of a software IP router.
Terrestrial Planet Finder: technology development plans and progress

One of humanity's oldest questions is whether life exists elsewhere in the Universe. The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission can survey stars in our stellar neighborhood to search for planets and perform spectroscopic measurements to identify potential biomarkers in their atmospheres. TPF is planned for launch around 2015. Two major classes of mission have been identified as likely to meet the TPF goals: visible-light coronagraphs, and infrared interferometers. Within the interferometer class are options for using separated spacecraft or a connected structure. TPF is in the midst of an intensive period of technology development, design study, and scientific investigation to make a selection in 2006 for Phase A development. Substantial funding has been committed for development in these three areas, with the largest portion going to support demonstration of key technologies. Efforts underway through industry and university contracts and at JPL include a number of system and subsystem testbeds, as well as components and numerical modeling capabilities. The science, technology, and design efforts are closely coupled to ensure that requirements and capabilities are consistent and meet the science goals.
The dopamine transporter: A crucial component regulating dopamine transmission

The dopamine system is implicated in the control of locomotion, cognition, and endocrine function, The relative contribution of the various dopamine-related components is not well established mainly because drugs that target the dopaminergic system often lack selectivity. The in vivo gene inactivation procedure, or knockout, enables the creation of new strains of mice lacking a specific gene. This technique has been applied recently to inactivate the expression of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter. Here we summarize the main findings obtained with these transgenic mice carrying this “genetic defect.” leading to a better understanding of the relative contribution of the dopamine transporter regarding locomotor activity, regulation of the expression of peptides under the control of dopaminergic activity, and responses to various drugs targeting the dopamine system. Our results establish not only the central importance of the transporter as the key element controlling dopamine levels in the brain, but also its role as an obligatory target for the behavioral and biochemical action of amphetamine and cocaine. In addition, the genetically altered mice offer a unique model to test the specificity and selectivity of dopamine transporter-acting drugs and may provide important new concepts related to the clinical and social implications of conditions such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction.
Mechanisms That Regulate Macrophage Burden in Atherosclerosis

Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) relevant to atherosclerosis include monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A decade ago, studies on macrophage behavior in atherosclerotic lesions were often limited to quantification of total macrophage area in cross-sections of plaques. Although technological advances are still needed to examine plaque MP populations in an increasingly dynamic and informative manner, innovative methods to interrogate the biology of MPs in atherosclerotic plaques developed in the past few years point to several mechanisms that regulate the accumulation and function of MPs within plaques. Here, I review the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques with respect to changes in the MP compartment from the initiation of plaque to its progression and regression, discussing the roles that recruitment, proliferation, and retention of MPs play at these different disease stages. Additional work in the future will be needed to better distinguish macrophages and dendritic cells in plaque and to address some basic unknowns in the field, including just how cholesterol drives accumulation of macrophages in lesions to build plaques in the first place and how macrophages as major effectors of innate immunity work together with components of the adaptive immune response to drive atherosclerosis. Answers to these questions are sought with the goal in mind of reversing disease where it exists and preventing its development where it does not.
Pharmacist and physician views on collaborative practice: Findings from the community pharmaceutical care project

Background:Strong working relationships between pharmacists and physicians are needed to optimize patient care. Understanding attitudes and barriers to collaboration between pharmacists and physici...
A Two-State Epistasis Model Better Explains Complex Traits and Increases Power to Detect Additive Risk Variants

Despite more than a decade of effort, the genetic underpinnings of many complex traits and diseases remain largely elusive. It is increasingly recognized that a purely additive model, upon which most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) rely, is insufficient. Although thousands of significant trait-associated loci have been identified, they often explain little of the inferred genetic variance. Several factors have been invoked to explain the ‘missing heritability’, including epistasis. Accounting for all possible epistatic interactions is computationally complex and requires very large samples. Here, we propose a simple two-state epistasis model, in which individuals show either high or low variant penetrance with respect to a certain trait. The use of this model increases the power to detect additive trait-associated loci. We show that this model is consistent with current GWAS results and better fits heritability observations based on twin studies. We suggest that accounting for variant penetrance will significantly increase our power to identify underlying additive loci.
What has happened to social development policy in the era of neoliberal globalization and emerging markets? A look at Latin America in global context

Las elites globales (por ejemplo, instituciones internacionales financieras, capitalistas globales o la burocracia y clientes de la administracion del Estado) presentan al neoliberalismo como el salvador de los problemas del Tercer Mundo. Paises que prestan oido a los consejos de esos lideres globales han sido nombrados “mercados emergentes” y pronto llegan a ser receptores de inversion extranjera. Este trabajo se basa en una gran cantidad de fuentes escritas que describen la experiencia internacional y demuestran que este tipo de desarrollo es inherentemente inconstante y se encuentra condicionado a los intereses de las elites de los paises del norte por lo que tienen una baja posibilidad de alcanzar un desarrollo social sostenido. Cuando un pais gana el titulo de mercado emergente, es sinonimo de oportunidades para inversionistas que buscan ganancias rapidas. El problema mayor es que esas ganancias rapidas se logran a expensas de la calidad de vida de las personas. Nuestra conclusion es que el discurso neoliberal, como el de los mercados emergentes, necesita ser confrontado si se quiere dar una oportunidad a caminos alternativos de desarrollo.
Forensic Analysis of Human Autopsy Tissue for the Presence of Polydimethylsiloxane (Silicone) and Volatile Cyclic Siloxanes using Macro FT‐IR, FT‐IR Spectroscopic Imaging and Headspace GC‐MS

This study describes effective and straightforward primary and secondary methods for the detection of silicone in human autopsy tissue. The primary method is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) specific and employs either macro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy for samples with a high PDMS concentration (relative to that of the matrix) or micro-FT-IR spectroscopic imaging in a reflection/absorption modality for samples with a low PDMS concentration. Although the secondary method is not PDMS specific, it employs headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HS/GC-MS) for the detection of low molecular weight volatile cyclic siloxanes (VCS), which are characteristic marker compounds for PDMS. Overall, the combined results from the primary and secondary analyses provide reliable evidence for the presence of silicone.
Electromagnetic modeling of inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures by volume integral equation methods

Given the application of inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures in different application areas, it is of critical importance to develop accurate and efficient modeling methods. Among various methods, volume integral equations (VIEs) using moment method are efficient solutions for electromagnetic modeling of inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures. In this paper, we investigate the solutions of the VIE method and augmented volume integral equation (A-VIE) method for solving inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures with arbitrary shapes. The moment method solutions are presented and curl-conforming bases are used to discretize the electric and magnetic field distributions inside the structures. When the structures contain inhomogeneous magnetic materials, A-VIE method is applied. Various numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms.
Immigration and Education Policy in the United States

(1988). Immigration and Education Policy in the United States. NABE Journal: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 113-132.
Challenges of Multiracial Antiracist Activism: Racial Consciousness and Chief Wahoo

We explore how white activists' racial identity struggles might disrupt effective antiracist action in multiracial organizations. Drawing on data collected through participant observation and interviews, we examine the struggles of a small, multiracial antiracist organization that protests the Cleveland baseball franchise's 'Indians' name and Chief Wahoo mascot. White activists' racial consciousness, or awareness of white racism and white privilege, compels them to participate in the group; their ways of participating, however, ultimately may hamper the organizational effectiveness of the Committee of 500 Years of Dignity and Resistance. Specifically, white activists' racial consciousness makes them reluctant to adopt necessary leadership roles. Borrowing from literature on white racism, white racial consciousness, and multiracial organizing, we illustrate the complex nature and potential pitfalls of multiracial alliances formed to protest racism in the United States.
Patient Quality Measures: The Necessary Paradigm Shifts in Medicine

Copyright: © 2014 Patel PM. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Volume 1 : Issue 1 Article Ref. #: 1000e001 Improving patient quality measures is a complex task. It involves more than simply telling caregivers to adopt new practices. Rather, it uses current research and tools to bring about creating changes in workplace attitudes, building teamwork among healthcare providers, and converting evidence based data into actual practice. There are many tools that physicians can use to change practice and improve on quality measures. Heart Research Open Journal is one such tool. This electronic journal is an open access scholarly journal, dedicated to making accessible medical information and research to a wide variety of healthcare individuals. We welcome everyone to our first journal and hope that is a valuable resource for the future. In this edition I am going to discuss changing role of physicians in medical practices as new research and therapy directs us towards better patient care. I will use one particular example that I am very familiar with, and this is the practice of transradial cardiac catheterization.
Imaging for renal tumors.

Purpose of reviewThe present review summarizes current developments in the imaging of renal tumors.Recent findingsComputed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are used for diagnosing, characterizing, and staging renal tumors. Recent advances have been made in many areas, but
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration

Nox1 is an abundant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in colon epithelium recently shown to function in wound healing and epithelial homeostasis. We identified Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) as a novel binding partner of Nox activator 1 (Noxa1) in yeast two-hybrid screening experiments using the Noxa1 SH3 domain as bait. Prdx6 is a unique member of the Prdx antioxidant enzyme family exhibiting both glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities. We confirmed this interaction in cells overexpressing both proteins, showing Prdx6 binds to and stabilizes wild type Noxa1, but not the SH3 domain mutant form, Noxa1 W436R. We demonstrated in several cell models that Prdx6 knockdown suppresses Nox1 activity, whereas enhanced Prdx6 expression supports higher Nox1-derived superoxide production. Both peroxidase- and lipase-deficient mutant forms of Prdx6 (Prdx6 C47S and S32A, respectively) failed to bind to or stabilize Nox1 components or support Nox1-mediated superoxide generation. Furthermore, the transition-state substrate analogue inhibitor of Prdx6 phospholipase A2 activity (MJ-33) was shown to suppress Nox1 activity, suggesting Nox1 activity is regulated by the phospholipase activity of Prdx6. Finally, wild type Prdx6, but not lipase or peroxidase mutant forms, supports Nox1-mediated cell migration in the HCT-116 colon epithelial cell model of wound closure. These findings highlight a novel pathway in which this antioxidant enzyme positively regulates an oxidant-generating system to support cell migration and wound healing.
The 18th World Congress of IFAC in 2011 on Academic Trends of Power Systems

A general description of the 18th International Federation of Automatic Control(IFAC) world congress on power systems is made,and the contents of the panel sessions are classified and summarized.The key subjects are reviewed,including control and dispatch of the smart grid,integration of renewable energy,microgrid and wind power generation technologies.Meanwhile,some representative papers are abstracted and reviewed.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Prognosis, and Management

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic interstitial lung pneumonia associated with the histologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Although UIP is a distinct histologic lesion, this histologic pattern is not specific for IPF and can also be found in other diseases (e.g., connective tissue disease and asbestosis). Clinical features of IPF include progressive cough, dyspnea, restrictive ventilatory defect, and progressive fibrosis and destruction of the lung parenchyma. IPF is rare (13-42 cases/100,000), and primarily affects older adults (>50 years of age). The diagnosis of IPF often requires surgical lung biopsy, but the diagnosis can be affirmed with confidence in some patients provided the results of computed tomographic (CT) scans and clinical features are consistent. The clinical course is variable, but inexorable progression (typically over months to years) is typical. Mean survival from the onset of symptoms approximates 3 to 5 years. Medical treatment is only modestly effective, primarily by slowing the rate of disease progression. Lung transplantation is the best therapeutic option.
Relative to Typical Antipsychotic Drugs, Aripiprazole Is a Safer Alternative for Alleviating Behavioral Disturbances After Experimental Brain Trauma:

Background. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are used to manage traumatic brain injury (TBI)–induced behavioral disturbances, such as agitation and aggression. However, APDs exhibiting D2 receptor antago...
An Automated Hardware/Software Co-Design Flow for Partially Reconfigurable FPGAs

Partial reconfiguration (PR) enhances traditional FPGA-based reconfigurable embedded systems with benefits such as reduced resource requirements and increased functionality. Since fully realizing these PR benefits requires extensive PR design flow knowledge, as well as the target FPGA's low-level architectural details, PR has not yet gained widespread usage. To alleviate manual design-time effort, we present the design automation for partial reconfiguration (DAPR) design flow for hardware/software (HW/SW) co-designed systems. DAPR's design flow isolates low-level PR design complexities involved in analyzing PR designs with different performance parameters to make PR more amenable to designers.
Large Scale Distributed Data Science from scratch using Apache Spark 2.0

Apache Spark is an open-source cluster computing framework. It has emerged as the next generation big data processing engine, overtaking Hadoop MapReduce which helped ignite the big data revolution. Spark maintains MapReduce's linear scalability and fault tolerance, but extends it in a few important ways: it is much faster (100 times faster for certain applications), much easier to program in due to its rich APIs in Python, Java, Scala, SQL and R (MapReduce has 2 core calls) , and its core data abstraction, the distributed data frame. In addition, it goes far beyond batch applications to support a variety of compute-intensive tasks, including interactive queries, streaming, machine learning, and graph processing. With massive amounts of computational power, deep learning has been shown to produce state-of-the-art results on various tasks in different fields like computer vision, automatic speech recognition, natural language processing and online advertising targeting. Thanks to the open-source frameworks, e.g. Torch, Theano, Caffe, MxNet, Keras and TensorFlow, we can build deep learning model in a much easier way. Among all these framework, TensorFlow is probably the most popular open source deep learning library. TensorFlow 1.0 was released recently, which provide a more stable, flexible and powerful computation tool for numerical computation using data flow graphs. Keras is a high-level neural networks library, written in Python and capable of running on top of either TensorFlow or Theano. It was developed with a focus on enabling fast experimentation. This tutorial will provide an accessible introduction to large-scale distributed machine learning and data mining, and to Spark and its potential to revolutionize academic and commercial data science practices. It is divided into three parts: the first part will cover fundamental Spark concepts, including Spark Core, functional programming ala map-reduce, data frames, the Spark Shell, Spark Streaming, Spark SQL, MLlib, and more; the second part will focus on hands-on algorithmic design and development with Spark (developing algorithms from scratch such as decision tree learning, association rule mining (aPriori), graph processing algorithms such as pagerank/shortest path, gradient descent algorithms such as support vectors machines and matrix factorization. Industrial applications and deployments of Spark will also be presented.; the third part will introduce deep learning concepts, how to implement a deep learning model through TensorFlow, Keras and run the model on Spark. Example code will be made available in python (pySpark) notebooks.
Can there be a feminist aesthetic

Can there be a feminist aesthetic?” analyzes the difficulty of finding an ontological position from which to write about photography created by women. It interrogates the discomfort of inhabiting, socially, and in art and literature, the position of the embodied feminine, and seeks through aesthetic analysis to mine this discomfort. The essay argues that despite the social and intellectual discomfort of articulating a space of the feminine, in that this space is always already coded as oppressed, there is a value in interpreting photography created by women through the lens of feminist resistance. The article concedes that defining the word woman is always a risk, in that the term reflects manifold and contradictory embodied experiences. And yet, within this avowed risk emerges the only space of possible resistance to oppression, the opportunity to create a rearrangement of the visible so that the category of the oppressed woman, however phantasmatic, is re-envisioned as sovereign. However, each act of re-envisioning woman must be culturally specific. Hence, the essay concludes with an interpretation of Ethiopian photographer Aida Muluneh’s series of images Dinkinesh (or, “you are beautiful”), evoking the remains of an Ethiopian hominid that were long considered to be the oldest of human ancestors. Muluneh reclaims this distant ancestor as Ethiopian, dressing her in an extravagant red gown, using photography to re-envision Dinkinesh’s fall into history, granting this ancestor the power to haunt modernity.
Working Together: Preparing the Next Generation of Highly Qualified Middle-School STEM Teachers

ABSTRACTIn response to the demand to produce highly qualified teachers to fill teacher vacancies in high-need middle school areas while simultaneously strengthening the teacher preparation process, this article highlights how an innovative partnership with a very large school district and multiple colleges within a metropolitan university resulted in a collaboration to rethink and retool teacher preparation for the next generation of middle school STEM teachers.
Bursting and critical layer frequencies in minimal turbulent dynamics and connections to exact coherent states

A new investigation identifies frequencies in minimal channel flow relevant to critical layer dynamics displayed by exact coherent states and shows their predominance over bursting frequencies away from the wall. It is also shown that strong bursts are related to the instability of coherent states.
The Goddess of Old Money: The Chettiar Bankers of India and their Temples in Southeast Asia

Morgan, Rockefeller, Girard, Astor, Getty, Fugger, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were among the most well-known ultra-wealthy families of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They ran tran...
Evaluation of landscape fabric as a solar air heater

Abstract Solar heating has great potential to displace fossil fuels in agricultural and industrial space heating. The conventional metal transpired solar collectors (mTSC) is highly-efficient but its high cost has impeded its adoption. While the plastic TSC (pTSC) would be less-expensive than the mTSC, it requires perforation. Since a high absorptance, non-woven landscape fabric is widely available and inexpensive, it could be cost-effective solar collector. The landscape fabric collector (fTSC) was compared with mTSC (anodized aluminum) and pTSC for temperature rise (ΔT) and efficiency (η) at two suction velocities (Vs). The mTSC and pTSC had porosity of 1.2% while the fTSC had a porosity of 80%. At 0.047 m/s, the fTSC produced higher average ΔT (by at least 2 °C) and average η (by at least 10%) than the mTSC and pTSC that were similar in performance. At the higher Vs of 0.060 m/s, the fTSC slightly outperformed the mTSC while the pTSC had the lowest ΔT and η. Superior performance of the fTSC was likely due to lower energy losses than the other two collectors as was indicated by its scanning electron microscope images. Modeling the fTSC as a simplified packed bed may be appropriate and challenges have been identified. Practical scale-up suggestions are provided. The fTSC is the least expensive solar air heater for space heating.
Sex hormone levels and risk of primary open-angle glaucoma in postmenopausal women.

Objective We evaluated the relation of prediagnostic sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Among postmenopausal participants of the Nurses' Health Study, POAG cases (n = 189; diagnosed 1990-2008) and controls (n = 189) were matched on age, fasting status, and postmenopausal hormone use at blood draw (1989-1990). Plasma concentrations of estrone sulfate, estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were assessed. The primary outcome was POAG; in secondary analyses, among cases only, we evaluated maximum untreated IOP at diagnosis. Multivariable-adjusted logistic/multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate tertiles (Ts) of biomarker levels and the two outcomes, adjusting for various potential confounders. Results We observed no significant associations of estrone, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin, or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with POAG risk or with maximum IOP at glaucoma diagnosis among cases. Suggestive significant associations were observed with highest testosterone and POAG risk (T3 vs T1 multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 1.84; 95% confidence interval 1.02, 3.33; P trend 0.10). Similarly, for maximum IOP at diagnosis among cases only (mean 8 years after blood draw), higher testosterone was significantly associated with higher IOP (multivariable-adjusted difference in IOP T3 vs T1 2.17 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval 0.34, 3.99; P trend 0.02). Conclusions Overall, plasma sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women were not associated with POAG risk; however, a trend of higher testosterone levels being associated with higher POAG risk and higher IOP at diagnosis was observed and needs confirmation.