cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pricing and allocation of retail space with one radio frequency identification enabled supplier and one non-RFID enabled supplier

We consider a retailer with one radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled supplier and one non-RFID enabled supplier. Assuming vendor managed inventory, we address the problem of allocation and pricing of the retail shelf-space. Using a Stackelberg game where the retailer leads, we observe that the RFID technology provides a competitive advantage for the RFID enabled supplier. Further, high product substitutability, high demand uncertainty, low tag prices, and low restocking costs favour the RFID enabled supplier. As shelf-space is capacitated with large fixed costs and its demand varies over time, shelf-space management addresses many of the same challenges as revenue management.
Cahokia: The Political Capital of the “Ramey” State?

Cahokia, a prehistoric site in the American Midwest, had massive human sacrifice which shows that a small elite had control over the legitimate use of force, probably had political and economic classes, had a hierarchical bureaucracy, and had a settlement system of at least four decision-making levels. As such it was probably the capital of a society organized at a “state” level.
Practical guide to the diagnosis of thalassemia

Thalassemias occur in individuals of all ethnic backgrounds and are among the most common genetic diseases worldwide. The diagnosis of thalassemia can easily be part of primary medical practice. Here we outline a practical approach to the detection of thalassemias in three common clinical settings. The first involves any patient with a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) with or without anemia. The second is a neonatal screening result indicating possible presence of thalassemia. Finally, evaluation for thalassemia should be considered in the context of family planning or pregnancy in patients whose ethnicity indicates origin from high risk geographic areas. We also review the various types of the thalassemia syndromes and provide an overview of general therapeutic considerations.
Finite Equal-Interval Measurement Structures

In this article I consider some of the simplest non-trivial examples of measurement structures. The basic sets of objects or stimuli will in all cases be finite, and the adequacy of the elementary axioms for various structures depends heavily on this finiteness.
Multivariate stasis in the dental morphology of the Paleocene-Eocene condylarth Ectocion

Evolutionary stasis has often been explained by stabilizing selection, intrinsic constraints, or, more recently, by spatially patterned population dynamics. To distinguish which of these mechanisms explains a given case of stasis in the fossil record, stasis must first be rigorously documented in a high-resolution stratigraphic time series of fossil specimens. Furthermore, past studies of evolutionary mode in fossil mammalian lineages have often been limited to univariate traits (e.g., molar crown area). It is reasonable to assume that tooth shape, a multivariate trait, reflects important additional aspects of tooth form and function. Here we present the results of a geometric morphometric analysis of the lower dentition of the Paleocene-Eocene condylarth species Ectocion osbornianus collected from the Bighorn and Clarks Fork Basins of northwestern Wyoming. Tooth margin shape, cusp configuration, and shearing crest shape were digitized for the last lower premolar, p4, and for two lower molars, m1 and m3. Multivariate statistical tests of evolutionary mode were used to analyze the change in shape variance over time in addition to the magnitude and direction of shape change. Test results characterize the shape time series as consisting of counteracting changes with less change than expected under a random walk (i.e., stasis). The temporal structure of shape variance implies that the sampled E. osbornianus most likely represent a single population, which is not concordant with the population dynamic mechanism of stasis. Stabilizing selection and/or intrinsic constraints remain as the mechanisms that could explain stasis in the lower dental shape of E. osbornianus despite the variable environmental conditions of the Paleocene–Eocene.
Design and Implementation of a Multi-Use Attack-Defend Computer Security Lab

This paper describes the rationale, design and implementation of a Reconfigurable Attack-Defend Instructional Computing Laboratory (RADICL). Topics covered include the ethical and pedagogical considerations for creating and using a lab that instructs and develops not only students abilities to secure a system, but also their ability to attack a system. An in-depth description of the design and implementation and future work of the lab is also included.
Implementing intermittent preventive treatment in infants

We welcome the fi nding that Intermittent Preventive Treatment in infants (IPTi) has a signifi cant eff ect on morbidity (Oct 31, p 1533). The drug used, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, does not seem to have negative interactions with routine childhood immunisations, its cost is low, and the intervention’s cost-eff ectiveness ratio is highly attractive. An important operational question is how to scale up its implementation along with the Expanded Programme of Immunizations (EPI). UNICEF has undertaken a multicountry research study in which IPTi was piloted in 20 districts in six African countries. About 500 000 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were given every year for 3 years to more than 217 000 infants. The results showed that IPTi imple mentation is highly feasible, reaching rapidly 97% of all immunised children, and can be easily integrated with EPI (unpublished data). IPTi was a well accepted intervention by both communities and health workers. Pharmacovigilance results showed a reassuring safety profi le, with no cases of serious adverse events detected and only mild or moderate side-eff ects noted, all related to immunisations except for diarrhoea. IPTi took up 11% of health workers’ time, of which 60% was spent on preparing a paediatric solution of the drug. Paediatric formulations of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine are needed, as are alternative long-lasting drugs to eventually replace sulfadoxinepyrimethamine. Additionally, some questions remain unanswered such as the thresholds of malaria transmission and drug resistance for when IPTi will no longer be an attractive cost-eff ective intervention. However, today IPTi can considerably contribute to malaria control with a relatively modest eff ort, and should be rapidly implemented in countries most in need.
An Interactive System for Wafer Emissivity Estimation as Determined in an RTP Chamber

We demonstrate an interactive software system in which the emissivity of wafers can be estimated in situ using different models. The system allows the data taker to introduce a choice of design parameters necessary for the control of temperature uniformity. The objective of the interactive system is to obtain a better estimation of the wavelength dependent emissivity by using existing data such as integrated emissivity, for example, as input information. Results for some of the models are presented and compared to show differences in the models chosen. The principle advantage offered by the system are the likely prospects of a realistic improvement and confident assessment for real time temperature measurement and control in an RTP environment.
Concerted Interconversion between Ionic Lock Substates of the β2 Adrenergic Receptor Revealed by Microsecond Timescale Molecular Dynamics

The recently solved crystallographic structures for the A2A adenosine receptor and the β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors have shown important differences between members of the class-A G-protein-coupled receptors and their archetypal model, rhodopsin, such as the apparent breaking of the ionic lock that stabilizes the inactive structure. Here, we characterize a 1.02 μs all-atom simulation of an apo-β2 adrenergic receptor that is missing the third intracellular loop to better understand the inactive structure. Although we find that the structure is remarkably rigid, there is a rapid influx of water into the core of the protein, as well as a slight expansion of the molecule relative to the crystal structure. In contrast to the x-ray crystal structures, the ionic lock rapidly reforms, although we see an activation-precursor-like event wherein the ionic lock opens for ∼200 ns, accompanied by movements in the transmembrane helices associated with activation. When the lock reforms, we see the structure return to its inactive conformation. We also find that the ionic lock exists in three states: closed (or locked), semi-open with a bridging water molecule, and open. The interconversion of these states involves the concerted motion of the entire protein. We characterize these states and the concerted motion underlying their interconversion. These findings may help elucidate the connection between key local events and the associated global structural changes during activation.
Evaluation of the effect of residual error covariance for a parent‐metabolite population pharmacokinetic model

Background The residual error of parent and metabolite concentrations in pharmacokinetic (PK) samples can be correlated due to issues such as mislabeled timing, sample extraction, and misspecification, although it is not typically estimated in population modeling. We investigated the impact of excluding this covariance on population estimates and clinical trial simulations. Methods Multivariate data from a single-dose oral study in Japanese and Caucasian male healthy volunteers (n=25) were described with a parent-metabolite population PK model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Weight effects on clearances and volumes of distribution were included. Covariance between parent and metabolite residual errors was estimated or excluded. A multiple-dose, study was then simulated using both models. Results Both models described the observed data well. Parameter estimates for clearances and volumes were similar between models. The correlation between proportional and additive residual errors was estimated at 61 and 100%, respectively. Multiple-dose simulations of 100 trials displayed that excluding the covariance term influenced predicted covariate effect on exposure by −4 to +17%. Conclusions The exclusion of covariance in residual error may have only minor impacts on resulting population parameter estimates, however the distribution of simulated multiple-dose trial outcomes may become exaggerated, which may influence the predicted exposure in subpopulations. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P91–P91; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.242
The relationship of coping strategies, social support, and attachment style with posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors

This cross-sectional study investigated attachment style, coping strategies, social support, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in 54 cancer survivors. Secure attachment was significantly associated with active coping, positive reframing, and religion, and these were all associated with PTG. Insecure types of attachment and social support variables were unrelated to PTG. Regression analysis suggests that positive reframing and religion as coping strategies may mediate the relationship between secure attachment and PTG.
Where there's a will there's a way: mobile media sharing in urban india

We present the results of a qualitative study of the sharing and consumption of entertainment media on low-cost mobile phones in urban India, a practice which has evolved into a vibrant, informal socio-technical ecosystem. This wide-ranging phenomenon includes end users, mobile phone shops, and content distributors, and exhibits remarkable ingenuity. Even more impressive is the number of obstacles which have been surmounted in its establishment, from the technical (interface complexity, limited Internet access, viruses), to the broader socioeconomic (cost, language, legality, institutional rules, lack of privacy), all seemingly due to a strong desire to be entertained. Our findings carry two implications for projects in HCI seeking to employ technology in service of social and economic development. First, although great attention is paid to the details of UI in many such projects, we find that sufficient user motivation towards a goal turns UI barriers into mere speed bumps. Second, we suggest that needs assessments carry an inherent bias towards what outsiders consider needs, and that identified "needs" may not be as strongly felt as perceived.
Long-term outcomes of patients with light chain amyloidosis (AL) after renal transplantation with or without stem cell transplantation

Background Recent advances in the treatment of immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) have dramatically improved survival. Kidney transplantation (KTx) has become more common but the long-term outcomes remain unknown and it is the objective of this study. Methods Nineteen patients with AL underwent living (n = 18) or deceased (n = 1) KTx at our institution from 1999 to 2008 (median age 57 years, six women). The primary end points were patient and kidney allograft survival and recurrence of AL in the allograft. The secondary end point was kidney transplant rejection. Outcome data were stratified according to three treatment modalities: renal transplantation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (Group 1, n = 8), ASCT followed by renal transplantation (Group 2, n = 6) and renal transplantation after complete remission achieved with nonmyeloablative therapy (Group 3, n = 5). Results The median follow-up was 41.4 months. At the time of study, 79% were still alive. Median graft survival did not differ from median overall survival. There was no difference in survival rates between the treatment groups. Five patients had a cellular rejection. Two of the three patients with a rejection in Group 1 died but neither patient with rejection in Groups 2 and 3. Recurrent amyloidosis was diagnosed by biopsy in one patient in Group 2 (preceding ASCT) and in another patient in Group 3. Conclusions KTx can be successfully performed in AL patients in complete hematologic response and meet the usual KTx selection criteria. Outcomes appear similar whether hematologic response was achieved with ASCT or by nonmyeloablative therapy.
Seismic structures of the Calico fault zone inferred from local earthquake travel time modelling

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 186 (2011): 760-770, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05055.x.
Myocarditis During Lenalidomide Therapy

Objective To report the first case of pathologically confirmed myocarditis in a patient receiving treatment with lenalidomide for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Case summary An 85-year-old woman with recurrent follicular lymphoma was treated with lenalidomide 10 mg daily and low-dose dexamethasone 8 mg once weekly in a clinical trial. She had a past medical history of hypertension and breast cancer. Within 17 days of starting lenalidomide and dexamethasone, she developed symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure. Despite aggressive supportive care, she had progressive and refractory multiorgan failure and died. Postmortem examination of the heart confirmed the absence of coronary artery disease, and histopathological examination of the myocardium revealed a diffuse lymphocytic/eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate with associated acute and chronic myocardial injury affecting all 4 chambers of the heart, consistent with myocarditis. Discussion Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent derived from thalidomide and is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes. The efficacy of lenalidomide has been reported in B-cell malignancies. Common toxicities are myelosuppression, fatigue, diarrhea, skin rash, venous thromboembolism, peripheral neuropathy, and tumor flare reaction. Cardiovascular toxicity has been limited to atrial fibrillation and an increased risk for venous thromboembolism. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pneumonitis, and dermatitis have been described with lenalidomide. We propose an immunological mechanism for myocarditis based on the predominantly T-cell infiltration of the myocardium. Conclusions Our findings suggest that lenalidomide may be a cause of drug-induced myocarditis. When patients treated with lenalidomide present with signs and symptoms of heart failure in the absence of other obvious causes, lenalidomide hypersensitivity should be considered in the differential diagnosis and a myocardial biopsy should be considered when other common causes of heart failure have been excluded. A reasonable management approach is drug discontinuation and early institution of corticosteroid therapy. An objective causality assessment, using the Naranjo probability scale, revealed that the adverse drug event was probable.
Structure of copper-doped tungsten oxide films for solid-state memory

Copper-doped WO3 films, which are an active media for programmable metallization cell memory devices, are studied. The highlights of this study are the intercalation products forming on the interface between the WO3 and Cu during thermal evaporation and also after thermal or photothermal diffusion of Cu into WO3 films. The diffusion profile is established using Auger spectroscopy. Further characterization is provided using Raman spectroscopy which gives evidence for formation of products with a lower valence state related to W and oxidation products related to Cu. The composition of the intercalation products containing Cu is confirmed using X-ray diffraction which shows the formation of copper oxides and tungstates.
AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise

5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic fuel sensor that monitors cellular energy charge, while the vasculature is important for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. Mice with muscle-specific inactive AMPK (AMPK DN) were used to investigate if AMPK regulates skeletal muscle capillarization and the angiogenic responses to exercise. Two hours of the AMP analogue AICAR (1.0 g kg−1) or systemic hypoxia (6% O2) increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in wild-type (WT), but not in AMPK DN mice. In contrast, the increase in VEGF mRNA with acute exercise (1 h at 20 m min−1, 10% gradient) was greater in AMPK DN compared to WT mice. Nuclear run-on assay demonstrated that exercise increased VEGF transcription, while hypoxia decreased VEGF transcription. There was no difference in VEGF transcription between WT and AMPK DN. There was a strong correlation between VEGF transcription and VEGF mRNA at rest and with exercise. Resting capillarization was lower in AMPK DN compared to WT. Wheel running (28 days) increased capillarization and this response was AMPK independent. Significant correlations between VEGF protein and muscle capillarization are consistent with VEGF being an important determinant of skeletal muscle capillarization. These data are to our knowledge the first to demonstrate in skeletal muscle in vivo that: (1) AMPK is necessary for hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA stabilization, (2) acute exercise increases VEGF transcription, (3) inhibition of AMPK augments the VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise, and (4) AMPK regulates basal VEGF expression and capillarization, but is not necessary for exercise-induced angiogenesis.
Modeling of sodium/metal chloride batteries

The performance of sodium/iron-chloride cells is modeled to determine the effect of a high ratio of solid electrolyte surface area to cell capacity. Preliminary studies show that electrolyte configurations of either multiple tubes joined to a header or compartmented flat structures result in high-performance cells. A detailed calculation of the performance of 215 Ah cells of the latter configuration shows cell specific energy of 187 Wh/kg and a specific power of 293 W/kg. A 61.6 kWh battery of these cells designed for the GM-G Van would weigh only 416 kg and have a volume of only 283 L. These calculated performances greatly exceed the experimental performances of conventional cells having a single tubular electrolyte. >
A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism

Deficits specific to the syndrome of infantile autism appear in imitation, emotion sharing, theory of mind, pragmatics of communication, and symbolic play. Current competing theories of Hobson and of Baron-Cohen, Frith, and associates account for some, but not all, of these specific deficits. The present article suggests that early social capacities involving imitation, emotion sharing, and theory of mind are primarily and specifically deficient in autism. Further, these three capacities involve forming and coordinating social representations of self and other at increasingly complex levels via representational processes that extract patterns of similarity between self and other. Stern's theory of interpersonal development is offered as a continuous model for understanding the development and deficits of the autistic child and as a means for integrating competing theories about the primary deficits in autism. Finally, the article suggests a neuropsychological model of interpersonal coordination involving prefrontal cortex and executive function capacities that is consistent with the social deficits observed in autism.
Complexity in the Treatment of Naming Deficits

Purpose This article discusses a novel approach for treatment of lexical retrieval deficits in aphasia in which treatment begins with complex, rather than simple, lexical stimuli. This treatment co...
Growth and Operating Patterns of Regional Jets in the United States

Data concerning the growth and utilization of regional jets between 1998 and 2003 are presented and analyzed. During this period, daily regional jet operations increased by 356%. These additional flights were primarily used to enter new midrange markets that were previously too far to serve efficiently with a turboprop and too small to warrant a traditional jet. Analysis of aircraft situational display to industry operational data also shows an increase in the stage length of regional jet flights; for example, at Dallas‐Fort Worth, the regional jet catchment basin increased from 299 n mile to 868 n mile. To better understand the reasons for the rapid growth of regional jets, an analysis of the economics of regional flight was performed. This analysis shows that airlines benefit from regional jets primarily because of the fee-per-departure payment structure and their current utilization patterns. HE number of regional jets in the national airspace system (NAS) has grown significantly over the past 10 years. Regional jets are small, 30‐100 seat aircraft capable of flying up to 1000 n mile and have been growing in number at a nearly exponential rate since 1994 (Ref. 1). This increase represents a major change in the composition of the national fleet and may affect the efficiency of the air traffic control system, as well as the dynamics of the airline industry. This paper examines the evolution of regional jet utilization to better understand their growth and operating patterns, as well as possible future trends. The goal just outlined was reached in two steps. The first was to analyze flight track data and develop methods to visualize and quantify any changes in the flight patterns of regional jets. Once this was accomplished, the second step was to analyze aircraft economics, aircraft utilization, airline scope clause agreements, and other factors to develop an understanding and explanation of the observed patterns. II. Methodology A. Data Sources To perform an analysis of emerging regional jet trends and compare them to those of other aircraft, this study made use of actual flight data from the aircraft situational display to industry (ASDI) feed. The ASDI feed provides aircraft position and speed information during flight, in addition to the flight origin, destination, and departure/arrival times. The ASDI feed is compiled from the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Enhanced Traffic Management System (ETMS) and is made available to vendors, who can then pass the data on to other interested parties. This study used ASDI data for one Thursday in January, between 1998 and 2003, resulting in a total of 6 days. Each data sample is from the same month and weekday to eliminate the effects of seasonal and weekly variations in airline operations. The specific dates were chosen to represent typical January days. In particular,
Protecting the brain:how do we measure success?

The rationale for carotid revascularization, surgical or interventional, is to reduce the patient's future risk of stroke. Unfortunately, carotid revascularization itself poses a risk of stroke, and enormous efforts have been made in refining both surgical and interventional techniques to reduce
Doppler endoscopic probe as a guide to risk stratification and definitive hemostasis of peptic ulcer bleeding

Background and Aims For more than 4 decades endoscopists have relied on ulcer stigmata for risk stratification and as a guide to hemostasis. None used arterial blood flow underneath stigmata to predict outcomes. For patients with severe peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB), we used a Doppler endoscopic probe (DEP) for (1) detection of blood flow underlying stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH), (2) quantitating rates of residual arterial blood flow under SRH after visually directed standard endoscopic treatment, and (3) comparing risks of rebleeding and actual 30-day rebleed rates for spurting arterial bleeding (Forrest [F] IA) and oozing bleeding (F IB). Methods Prospective cohort study of 163 consecutive patients with severe PUB and different SRH. Results All blood flow detected by the DEP was arterial. Detection rates were 87.4% in major SRH—spurting arterial bleeding (F IA), non-bleeding visible vessel (F IIA), clot (F IIB)—and were significantly lower at 42.3% ( P P Conclusions (1) For major SRH versus oozing or spot, the arterial blood flow detection rate by the DEP was significantly higher, indicating a higher rebleed risk. (2) Before and after endoscopic treatment, spurting (F IA) PUB had significantly higher rates of blood flow detection than oozing (F IB) PUB and a significantly higher 30-day rebleed rate. (3) The DEP is recommended as a new endoscopic guide with SRH to improve risk stratification and potentially definitive hemostasis for PUB.
Portal-systemic encephalopathy and portacaval anastomosis: a prospective, controlled investigation.

Portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) is generally considered to be the most common and most serious complication of portacaval anastomosis (PCA). Reports of the frequency of this syndrome vary widely, but the true prevalence is not known. The frequency of PSE was determined in 100 cirrhotic patients who were included in two prospective, randomly controlled investigations of prophylactic PCA—40 patients with patent shunts and 60 unoperated control patients. A second nonrandomized group of 118 patients, 39 with therapeutic PCA and 79 without, was also analyzed, and the findings were similar. PSE occurred in 20% of the patients before their inclusion in the study. After inclusion, during a mean period of follow-up of more than 4 years, 35% of the control patients and 53% of the shunted patients developed PSE, an insignificant difference. Severe, chronic PSE occurred in 20% of the shunted and in only 3% of the unshunted patients (P
Effect of Postural Education on Physical Satisfaction and Life Habit in Elementary Students

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of postural education in preventive educational aspects on physical satisfaction and life habit related to posture in elementary school students. Methods: Participants were 974 4th-grade elementary school students in 9 schools of U city (boy 50.2%, girl 49.8%). Postural education was conducted from May through November 2011, once each semester, each class was conducted two times. Results: Results of this study showed that physical satisfaction and life habit related to posture were significantly improved after postural education (p<0.05). Both physical satisfaction and life habit were not significantly difference between effort and non-effort group about good posture after education. Conclusion: This study showed that postural education was effective in improving the physical satisfaction and life habit of elementary school students.
The constitution and microstructure of laser surface-modified metals

The applications oflasers in the processing of metals, ceramics, and semiconductors range from surface glazing of thin films on semiconductors to thick surface cladding on metals. Lasers have the unique capability of rapid heating, melting, and quenching of the substrate, which results in the formation of new engineering materials with metastable microstructures. This article describes the microstructural evolution of laser-glazed and laser-clad alloys treated with a pulse or continuous-wave CO2 laser.
Optical imaging with nanoscale resolution using optical nonlinearities and spatiotemporal modulation

We suggest a type of imaging technique that uses optical nonlinearities and spatiotemporal modulation to achieve nanoscale resolution in the far field. The technique utilizes intense laser beams to produce an optical excitation with spatial features that are much smaller than the wavelength of light. Nonlinear mixing with the excitation can then be used to imprint the information contained in high spatial frequencies into the propagating region. As a specific example, we study the implementation of this technique using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) near maximum molecular coherence. Our simulations suggest that it may be possible to resolve the structure of complex biological molecules at the nanometer scale in the far field using near-infrared light.
Survey on the Spring Water Quality,Jinan City,2012

Objective To analyze the content of trace elements of Jinan springs,so as to provide scientific basis for exploring the relationship between the spring water and longevity. Methods Trace elements content was detected from sample spring water,collected from representational sources,during March-October,2012. Results A total of 42samples of spring water were collected from 7main spring groups,which were all alkaline and with rich strontium,lithium content,the median content for strontium was 0.35mg/L,which was higher than the level of content of strontium for natural drinking mineral water indicators,0.20mg/L;the median content for lithium was 0.24mg/L,which was higher than the level of content of strontium for natural drinking mineral water indicators,0.20mg/L.They complied with the requirements of natural drinking mineral water,and they were strontium lithium mineral water.Although the contents of metasilicate,selenium and iodide from the samples did not reach the boundary indicators for natural drinking mineral water,the contents of metasilicate and selenium were rich and the contents of metasilicate,selenium and iodide complied with the limits of natural mineral water for drinking indicators.The contents of potassium,sodium,calcium,magnesium,iron,copper,manganese,zinc,fluoride and bicarbonate were all in line with Drinking natural mineral water standard. Conclusion The water samples of Jinan springs are at a higher level of beneficial trace elements.
Prevalence of hypertension among three special operation groups in Jiayuguan railway area

[Objective]To understand the prevalence of hypertension and the effect of occupational factors among special operation workers in Jiayuguan railway area.[Methods]The epidemiological investigation for hypertension was conducted in three special operation groups with similar characteristics.[Results]The prevalence of hypertension among special operation workers was 23.9%.The prevalence of hypertension in electricians,welding workers and lifting workers was respectively 21.2%,29.7% and 21.0%,which were significantly higher than national prevalence of hypertension in adults.[Conclusion]The blood pressure of welding workers is apt to be affected by occupational factors.The prevalence of hypertension among special operation workers increases with the increasing of service lengthen,and the detection rates of different types of hypertension rise with the increasing of service lengthen,too.The situation of hypertension in special operation workers is serious,and it is obviously affected by occupational factors.The comprehensive prevention and control for hypertension should be strengthened.
Body MR angiography in children: how we do it

Vascular pathology is ubiquitous in children. Common indications for angiographic imaging in the body include congenital anomalies, portal hypertension, assessing resectability of neoplasms, renovascular hypertension, vascular malformations, vasculitis, systemic vein thrombosis, and trauma. MR angiography, with or without the use of intravenous contrast agents, is therefore a mainstay in the repertoire of MR imaging in children. Pediatric contrast-enhanced MR angiography has benefited from several innovations in recent years, including improved hardware options like high-field-strength scanners and integrated high-density coil arrays, new sequences that combine parallel imaging, innovative k-space sampling and Dixon fat suppression with time-resolved imaging, new contrast agents with longer blood-pool residence time, and advanced post-processing solutions like image fusion. This article focuses on the principles of contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the body as it pertains to the physiologies and pathologies encountered in children. It also discusses tools to adapt the MR angiographic technique to the clinical indication, as well as pitfalls of post-processing and interpretation in commonly encountered vascular imaging scenarios in the pediatric body.
The MPEG-7 Initiative for Multimedia Content Description

Digital imaging technologies are producing large collections of networked images and are creating an increasing need for additional types of descriptive mechanisms for these collections. Among the communities addressing this need is the MPEG-7 initiative, focusing on content description for multimedia. this paper describes MPEG-7, its context and objectives, its constituencies and methods.
A pluralistic and gamified senior seminar in economics: capstone to a heterodox undergraduate liberal arts economics curriculum

The paper recounts the development and implementation of gamified pedagogy for the capstone senior seminar of the pluralistic undergraduate curriculum of the Department of Economics at Rollins College. An introduction to gamification and its neurological, behavioural, and pedagogical foundations, is followed by description of the experimental process used to arrive at some promising pedagogical methodologies for the senior seminar in particular. The process evolved along two synergistic paths: finding ways to guide students in doing applied pluralistic economics in their senior research project, and using gamified pedagogy to facilitate this. Finally, the paper discusses some of the insights gleaned and problems encountered in order to outline proposals for further research and data collection, and to provide fruitful ideas for other pluralistic reformers of undergraduate economic education, so that students gain an applied critical appreciation of the complex and diverse argument that is economics.
Industrial Ecology for Inertial Fusion Energy: Selection of High-Z Material for HYLIFE-II Targets

The methods of industrial ecology have been applied to the selection of a high-Z material for indirect-drive targets in the HYLIFE-II reactor. We quantify physical, chemical, and radiological impac...
Your memory is working against you

Security warnings are critical to the security of end users and their organizations, often representing the final defense against an attack. Because warnings require users to make a contextual judgment, it is critical that they pay close attention to warnings. However, research shows that users routinely disregard them. A major factor contributing to the ineffectiveness of warnings is habituation, the decreased response to a repeated warning. Although previous research has identified the problem of habituation, the phenomenon has only been observed indirectly through behavioral measures. Therefore, it is unclear how habituation develops in the brain in response to security warnings, and how this in turn influences users' perceptions of these warnings.This paper contributes by using eye tracking to measure the eye movement-based memory (EMM) effect, a neurophysiological manifestation of habituation in which people unconsciously scrutinize previously seen stimuli less than novel stimuli. We show that habituation sets in after only a few exposures to a warning and progresses rapidly with further repetitions. Using guidelines from the warning science literature, we design a polymorphic warning artifact which repeatedly changes its appearance. We demonstrate that our polymorphic warning artifact is substantially more resistant to habituation than conventional security warnings, offering an effective solution for practice. Finally, our results highlight the value of applying neuroscience to the domain of information security behavior. Eye tracking is used to measure habituation to security warnings.Habituation sets in after a few exposures to a warning.A polymorphic warning is designed to reduce habituation.The polymorphic warning reduces habituation compared to conventional warnings.
Parasite MIF Orthologs

Orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have been identified in dozens of protozoan and nematode parasites, and the properties of many of these have been investigated and reported upon. Crystallographic analyses have revealed close structural similarity of these with human MIF, and many of these parasite MIFs are able to bind directly to the human MIF receptor CD74. Additionally, most parasite MIFs demonstrate tautomerase activity similar to that of the human protein. Parasite MIFs demonstrate many of the pro-inflammatory activities of human MIF, including the ability to regulate macrophage migration, stimulate signal transduction pathways, inhibit apoptosis, and promote production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-8 and TNF-α. These properties indicate that parasite MIFs may be involved in altering the immune response during infection, a role that has been confirmed in a handful of animal model studies. These suggest a mechanism in which parasite MIFs signal to host macrophages to influence the ensuing adaptive immune response in order to promote parasite persistence and transmission. Because of the pathogenic impact of parasite MIFs, therapeutic interventions including small molecule inhibitors and immunizations have been explored. It is hoped that therapies targeting parasite MIFs will provide a novel treatment for an array of chronic, difficult-to-treat infectious diseases.
Improving Pharmacy Student Communication Outcomes Using Standardized Patients

Objective. To examine whether standardized patient encounters led to an improvement in a student pharmacist-patient communication assessment compared to traditional active-learning activities within a classroom setting. Methods. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with second-year pharmacy students in a drug information and communication skills course. Student patient communication skills were assessed using high-stakes communication assessment. Results. Two hundred and twenty students' data were included. Students were significantly more likely to have higher scores on the communication assessment when they had higher undergraduate GPAs, were female, and taught using standardized patients. Similarly, students were significantly more likely to pass the assessment on the first attempt when they were female and when they were taught using standardized patients. Conclusion. Incorporating standardized patients within a communication course resulted in improved scores as well as first-time pass rates on a communication assessment than when using different methods of active learning.
Conventional and Molecular Cytogenetics in Cancer

The discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome in 1960, its subsequent characterization as a 9;22 translocation in 1973, and the cloning of the BCR and ABL1 genes that fuse as a result of the translocation opened the field of genomic medicine. The techniques of chromosomal analysis by G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that enabled researchers to make these discoveries are still commonly used today and remain invaluable means to diagnose and monitor many different constitutional and acquired diseases. Conventional cytogenetic analysis by G-banding permits the identification of numerical (gain or loss of a chromosome) and/or structural (translocation, deletion, inversion, etc.) abnormalities present in metaphase (dividing) cells. FISH can detect numerical abnormalities and characteristic gene fusions or rearrangements in interphase (nondividing) cells and additionally can detect abnormalities that may be cryptic (undetectable by G-banding). Whereas G-banding analysis provides a whole-genome view, FISH provides targeted analysis of only those genes or loci to which the probe is complementary. Each, however, has its place and can be used strategically to permit accurate diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring for minimal residual disease. In light of the rapid advances being made in genomic technologies such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization and next-generation sequencing, it is critical for clinicians and laboratorians to work together to determine the best testing algorithms for individual patients.
Diagenesis of Mid-Cretaceous Rudist Reefs, Valles Platform, Mexico

The Taninul (“reef”) facies of the El Abra Formation in the Sierra de El Abra and the adjacent Sierra Madre Oriental (Fig. 1) is renowned for exposures of mid-Cretaceous rudist assemblages. These outcrops have long served as the most accessible depositional model (Kellum 1930, Muir 1936, Bonet 1952, Griffith et al. 1969), and, recently, as a diagenetic model (Aguayo 1978), for the spectacular oil-producing trend of the Golden Lane. Early submarine cement of rudist boundstones and grainstones is extensive (Shinn et al. 1974, Aguayo 1978), and Minero (in press) documents significant early meteoric diagnesis as well in the backreef facies. This study deals with the diagenesis of the platform-margin rocks, generally referred to as the Taninul facies or “reef”, at the eastern margin of the Valles platform (Fig. 1).
Heterotopia and Actor-Network Theory: Visualizing the Normalization of Remediated Landscapes:

This article analyzes the heterotopic space of Weldon Spring, Missouri, a site that juxtaposes cultural heritage and recreational activities with a publicly available radioactive and toxic waste dump. The article argues for the value of actor-network theory as a supplement to heterotopia, an addition especially productive given the highly complex networks and configurations that order many contemporary spaces. Specifically, actor-network theory can make visible the range of actors and associations that work to establish specific social orders and practices that attempt to normalize reclaimed landscapes.
Restoration of Bladder and Bowel Control After Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Bladder and bowel emptying can be restored after suprasacral spinal cord injury by stimulating parasympathetic nerves to produce contraction of these organs. This greatly reduces urinary tract infection, catheterization, constipation, and use of medications. Continence can be improved by posterior sacral rhizotomy, often performed at the same time as implanting an electrical stimulator. The resulting areflexia of bladder and sphincter protects the kidneys from reflux and hydronephrosis, but abolition of reflex erection and reflex ejaculation has limited the adoption of this technique. Other ways of reducing hyperreflexia of the bladder and sphincters are needed. The sacral neuromodulation used in able-bodied patients is ineffective after complete spinal cord injury, though modulation via the pudendal nerves or sacral posterior roots may be more effective in inhibiting the bladder. Hyperreflexia of the sphincter remains problematic, but it may be possible to prevent this by high frequency electrical block of the pudendal nerves.
Two-Beam Coupling in Dual-Seeded Four-Wave Mixing

We observe the two-beam coupling effect in dual-seeded four-wave mixing. The effect adds excess noise to the probe seeds at frequencies below 5 MHz when both probe seed powers are over 10 µW.
High throughput GPU LDPC encoder and decoder for DVB-S2

Previous studies that used Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to decode Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes for DVB-S2 employed inter-codeword parallelism and/or Turbo Decoding Message Passing (TDMP) to achieve high throughput. By converting the LDPC parity check matrix into a quasi-cyclic structure, we show that LDPC encoding can be efficiently implemented on a GPU, and a different approach to LDPC decoding with intra-codeword parallelism and early termination that can achieve approximately 100 Mbps increase in throughput per 0.1 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio and, for some cases, achieve 1 Gbps or greater overall throughput.
The Role of Phytoplankton in Surf Ecosystems

A widely-held view concerning primary production in the littoral and inner sublittoral zones of the ocean is that high productivity can occur only in areas having a stable substratum to which benthic plants can attach. Consequently, exposed sandy beaches, where the shifting substratum precludes attachment of macroalgal holdfasts, are commonly regarded as zones of low primary production. If little plant material is produced within the sandy beach environment, then the fauna of such beaches must rely heavily on food produced in other environments and subsequently transported to the beach. The food is believed to come chiefly from the ocean beyond the surf zone and, in lesser quantities, from the land (Brown, 1964). In short, the general rule is that the sandy beach biota is “subsidized” to a high degree (McLachlan, 1980). This paper concerns a widespread phenomenon that constitutes an exception to that rule.
Using Hierarchical Probability Models to Evaluate Robust Parameter Design Methods

﻿A hierarchical probability model is proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of robust parameter design (RPD) models. The model is used to create responses to which alternative robust parameter design methods published in the literature are applied. T..