cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women

Importance Prospective studies linking shift work to coronary heart disease (CHD) have been inconsistent and limited by short follow-up. Objective To determine whether rotating night shift work is associated with CHD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study of 189 158 initially healthy women followed up over 24 years in the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS [1988-2012]: N = 73 623 and NHS2 [1989-2013]: N = 115 535). Exposures Lifetime history of rotating night shift work (≥3 night shifts per month in addition to day and evening shifts) at baseline (updated every 2 to 4 years in the NHS2). Main Outcomes and Measures Incident CHD; ie, nonfatal myocardial infarction, CHD death, angiogram-confirmed angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, stents, and angioplasty. Results During follow-up, 7303 incident CHD cases occurred in the NHS (mean age at baseline, 54.5 years) and 3519 cases in the NHS2 (mean age, 34.8 years). In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, increasing years of baseline rotating night shift work were associated with a significantly higher CHD risk in both cohorts. In the NHS, the age-standardized incidence rate (IR) for less than 5 years of rotating night shift work per 100 000 person-years was 435.1 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97-1.08); the IR for 5 to 9 years of rotating night shift work was 525.7 (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22); and the IR for 10 years or more of rotating night shift work was 596.9 (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.26; P P = .01 for trend) vs an IR of 122.6 in women who never worked rotating night shifts. In the NHS, the association between duration of rotating night shift work and CHD was stronger in the first half of follow-up (IR for P P = .004 for trend; P = .02 for interaction), suggestive of waning risk after cessation of shift work. Longer time since quitting shift work was associated with decreased CHD risk among ever shift workers in the NHS2 ( P Conclusions and Relevance Among women who worked as registered nurses, longer duration of rotating night shift work was associated with a statistically significant but small absolute increase in CHD risk. Further research is needed to explore whether the association is related to specific work hours and individual characteristics.
Remote Sensing & Dynamic Monitoring of Land Use & Land Cover in Changbai Mountain Area of Jilin Province

Using TM image data,through method of remote sensing interpretation,data of land use land cover in Changbai mountain area in different years(2000,2004,2007)were obtained.Upon statistical analysis,dynamic variation information of their mutual transformation of various land types in Changbai mountain area under monitoring was obtained;suggestion of ecological protection economic development for Changbai mountain area were offered.
Effects of orthostatic fluid shifts on bioelectrical impedance measurements

This study analyzes the effect of orthostatic fluid shift caused by body postural changes on the reliability and stability of bioelectrical impedance. It has been found that following a fluid distribution perturbation caused by postural changes, impedance values change for a period of time that can be longer than the measurement time, Based on these preliminary measurements, it is recommended that new measure-ment protocols for bioelectrical impedance be developed in order to minimize perturbations on existing fluid distribution, thus increasing the reliability of bioelectrical impedance data.
Migration and proliferation of guinea pig and human airway epithelial cells in response to tachykinins

Restoration of the epithelial lining of a damaged airway is a necessary component of airway repair. Tachykinins, including substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), are localized to sensory nerves within the airway mucosa. These tachykinins regulate several airway functions, but their role in the repair of the epithelium has not been explored. To determine whether tachykinins stimulate migration and proliferation of airway epithelial cells, guinea pig tracheal epithelial (GPTE) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were grown in primary culture for 4-5 days. Epithelial cell migration was assessed in a blindwell chemotaxis chamber, and proliferation was determined by immunohistochemistry after incorporation of the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Both GPTE and HBE cells migrated after stimulation with 10(-11) M NKA [23.0 +/- 3.6 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.2 cells per 10 high-power fields (hpf), P < 0.001, n = 8 for GPTE cells; 18.4 +/- 2.3 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.5 cells per 10 hpf for control, P < 0.001, n = 4 for HBE cells]. Migration was stimulated within 2 h, was maximal after 6 h, and was attenuated substantially by the neurokinin 2 (NKA)-receptor antagonist SR-48968. NKA-stimulated migration was both chemokinetic and chemotactic, and it could be blocked by inhibition of protein synthesis with cyclohexamide, inhibition of microtubular function with colchicine, or inhibition of actin microfilament elongation with cytochalasin D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Defective bromosulfophthalein clearance in patients with constitutional hepatic dysfunction (Gilbert's syndrome).

Forty-five minutes after the intravenous injection of bromosulfophthalein (BSP), 5 mg per kg, to 26 patients with Gilbert's syndrome, 9 patients had elevated plasma BSP concentrations of 0.52 to 1.52 mg per 100 ml (normal:
Tissue Processing and Staining for Histological Analyses

The process of preparing tissue for histological analysis begins with tissue fixation, typically in formalin, followed by processing into paraffin wax, embedding, and cutting thin sections that are affixed to glass slides. Hematoxylin and eosin is the standard stain used for tissue analysis. In addition, there is a long list of histochemical, immunofluorescent, and immunohistochemical stains that aid in differentiating tissue components and identifying certain pathological processes.
Drug Absorption and Bioavailability

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various aspects of drug absorption and bioavailability. The study of drug absorption is of critical importance in developing new drugs and establishing the therapeutic equivalence of new formulations or generic versions of existing drugs. Absorption by passive diffusion is largely governed by the molecular size and shape, degree of ionization, and lipid solubility of a drug. Morphine, organic nitrates, propranolol, lidocaine, and cyclosporine are some commonly used drugs that have extensive first-pass metabolism or intestinal P-glycoprotein transport. Bioavailability has been defined as the relative amount of a drug administered in a pharmaceutical product that enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged form and the rate at which this occurs. A two-formulation, two-period, two-sequence cross-over design is usually used to control the administration sequence effects. If a bioavailability comparison is made between two oral formulations of a drug, their relative bioavailability is measured. The in vitro prediction of bioavailability is elaborated in the chapter.
VCP recruitment to mitochondria causes mitophagy impairment and neurodegeneration in models of Huntington’s disease

Mutant Huntingtin (mtHtt) causes neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) by evoking defects in the mitochondria, but the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Our proteomic analysis identifies valosin-containing protein (VCP) as an mtHtt-binding protein on the mitochondria. Here we show that VCP is selectively translocated to the mitochondria, where it is bound to mtHtt in various HD models. Mitochondria-accumulated VCP elicits excessive mitophagy, causing neuronal cell death. Blocking mtHtt/VCP mitochondrial interaction with a peptide, HV-3, abolishes VCP translocation to the mitochondria, corrects excessive mitophagy and reduces cell death in HD mouse- and patient-derived cells and HD transgenic mouse brains. Treatment with HV-3 reduces behavioural and neuropathological phenotypes of HD in both fragment- and full-length mtHtt transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate a causal role of mtHtt-induced VCP mitochondrial accumulation in HD pathogenesis and suggest that the peptide HV-3 might be a useful tool for developing new therapeutics to treat HD.
Prediction of Transfusions After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgical Procedures.

Background Although blood transfusions are common and have been associated with adverse sequelae after cardiac surgical procedures, few contemporaneous models exist to support clinical decision making. This study developed a preoperative clinical decision support tool to predict perioperative red blood cell transfusions in the setting of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods We performed a multicenter, observational study of 20,377 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting among patients at 39 hospitals participating in the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative's PERFusion measures and outcomes (PERForm) registry between 2011 and 2015. Candidates' preoperative risk factors were identified based on previous work and clinical input. The study population was randomly divided into a 70% development sample and a 30% validation sample. A generalized linear mixed-effect model was developed to predict perioperative red blood cell transfusion. The model's performance was assessed for calibration and discrimination. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the model in different clinical subgroups. Results Transfusions occurred in 36.8% of patients. The final regression model included 16 preoperative variables. The correlation between the observed and expected transfusions was 1.0. The risk prediction model discriminated well (receiver operator characteristic [ROC] development , 0.81; ROC validation , 0.82) and had satisfactory calibration (correlation between observed and expected rates was r = 1.00). The model performance was confirmed across medical centers and clinical subgroups. Conclusions Our risk prediction model uses 16 readily obtainable preoperative variables. This model, which provides a patient-specific estimate of the need for transfusion, offers clinicians a guide for decision making and evaluating the effectiveness of blood management strategies.
The effect of foreign direct investment on human capital development in East Asia

ABSTRACTEast Asia has experienced fast economic growth along with large inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and accumulated human capital since the 1960s. Economic literature suggests a link between FDI and human capital development via technology transfer. This study employs a panel of sample data from 16 East Asian countries from 1985 to 2010 to examine the effect of inward FDI on human capital accumulation. The results show that an increase in foreign presence is associated with an increase in secondary schooling, yet has a negative impact on tertiary schooling. FDI from OECD countries presents positive effects on both secondary and tertiary schooling in East Asian countries. The findings are robust to different measures of educational attainment and different specifications.
Mechanistic modeling of high-shear and twin screw mixer granulation processes

Abstract Particulate processes are ubiquitous in various industries, such as, pharmaceuticals, aerosols, and detergents, and are challenging to control owing to their discrete nature. Granulation is a particle design process used in the pharmaceutical industry to tailor the particle size and other attributes for improved handling. Granulation processes can be efficiently described using population balance models (PBMs) and discrete element modeling with efficient numerical techniques for accurate solution and the applicability of Quality by Design (QbD) in the process operation. The recent initiative by the US FDA suggesting the implementation of QbD in pharmaceutical processing has emphasized the need for a model-based system approach. In this chapter, a detailed discussion is provided on the applicability of modeling approaches for improved understanding of mixer wet granulation processes. The development of a semimechanistic model accentuates the ability to develop a predictive model for improved process operation. The implementation of efficient numerical techniques for solving PBMs is discussed in this chapter. A brief introduction is provided initially describing the underlying mechanisms and high-shear granulation equipment, and giving the readers an overview of QbD and its principles. The following sections focus on the mathematical models developed for describing granulation, the numerical techniques that can be applied for solving such models and more specific case studies that focus on problem solving using these techniques. Overall, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of high-shear granulation models with the implementation of a systems-based approach.
Observation of Ince-Gaussian beams and their polarization properties

Ince-Gaussian (IG) beam solutions of Maxwell’s equations and their polarization and propagation properties were studied experimentally for lower order IG beams for several different eccentricities.
Sex-Related Differences in the Physiology, Risk, and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement:

Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a less-invasive alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for the management of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in patients with inoperable, high, or intermediate surgical risk. Females undergoing TAVR exhibit distinct physiology and baseline characteristics from their male counterparts. Although rates of procedural complications are higher, medium-term survival appears better for females than males. These sex-based differences are discussed in depth in this review of TAVR in the female population.
Symposium on Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems: Some Impressions and Conclusions

Some 40 scientists with background in the physical and biological sciences met from November 29 to December 1 in Bad Neuenahr, West Germany in order to discuss coherent excitations in biological systems and related topics. Field induced force effects, known as pondermotoric effects, and their biological manifestations were also considered. In addition several papers were offered on such topics as biological structure, metastable states in proteins, intracellular water, mm and sub-mm wave spectroscopy. Most of these papers are included in this volume. I shall therefore not attempt to summarize them, but rather limit myself to comment only on a few and draw some general conclusions. The presentations were limited to twelve papers. This and the effective chairmanship of Froehlich assured room for valuable disucssions and interactions.
A microgrid ontology for the analysis of cyber-physical security

The IEC 61850 protocol suite for electrical sub-station automation enables substation configuration and design for protection, communication, and control. These power system applications can be formally verified through use of object models, common data classes, and message classes. The IEC 61850-7-420 DER (Distributed Energy Resource) extension further defines object classes for assets such as types of DER (e.g., energy storage, photovoltaic), DER unit controllers, and other DER-associated devices (e.g., inverter). These object classes describe asset-specific attributes such as state of charge, capacity limits, and ramp rate. Attributes can be fixed (rated capacity of the device) dynamic (state of charge), or binary (on or off, dispatched or off-line, operational or fault state). We sketch out a proposed ontology based on the 61850 and 61850-7-420 DER object classes to model threats against a micro-grid, which is an electrical system consisting of controllable loads and distributed generation that can function autonomously (in island mode) or connected to a larger utility grid. We consider threats against the measurements on which the control loop is based, as well as attacks against the control directives and the communication infrastructure. We use this ontology to build a threat model using the ADversary View Security Evaluation (ADVISE) framework, which enables identification of attack paths based on adversary objectives (for example, destabilize the entire micro-grid by reconnecting to the utility without synchronization) and helps identify defender strategies. Furthermore, the ADVISE method provides quantitative security metrics that can help inform trade-off decisions made by system architects and controls.
Electromagnetically induced transparency control in terahertz metasurfaces based on bright-bright mode coupling

We demonstrate a classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a highly flexible planar terahertz metamaterial (MM) comprised of three-gap split-ring resonators. The keys to achieve EIT in this system are the frequency detuning and hybridization processes between two bright modes coexisting in the same unit cell as opposed to bright-dark modes. We present experimental verification of two bright modes coupling for a terahertz EIT-MM in the context of numerical results and theoretical analysis based on a coupled Lorentz oscillator model. In addition, a hybrid variation of the EIT-MM is proposed and implemented numerically to dynamically tune the EIT window by incorporating photosensitive silicon pads in the split gap region of the resonators. As a result, this hybrid MM enables the active optical control of a transition from the on state (EIT mode) to the off state (dipole mode).
Aeroelastic Uncertainty Quantification of a Low-Boom Aircraft Configuration

As the state of the art in uncertainty quantification for low-boom aircraft advances, the underlying assumption of a rigid airframe must be revisited. The goal of this research is to investigate the impact of uncertainties in aeroelastic deformation of a low-boom aircraft on ground noise. Variations in structural properties and uncertainties in loading, derived from flight conditions, both factor into the overall aeroelastic deformation and subsequently the ground noise. Incorporation of these aeroelastic uncertainties in the prediction of ground noise during the design phase can lead to improved robustness. In this paper, a review of methodologies and techniques employed in low-boom uncertainty quantification will be given. In addition, methods for aeroelastic uncertainty quantification are integrated into the previous work and a generalized set of procedures is established. In a case study implementing the analysis procedures, ground noise generated from a static aeroelastic deformed low-boom aircraft increased slightly over that from the undeformed geometry for both undertrack and offtrack angles. Ground noise sensitivities to uncertainties in near field conditions and structural parameters varied significantly with atmospheric profiles. Shifts in confidence interval width in addition to shifts in deterministic values of ground noise were observed while varying atmospheric conditions.
Every Minute Counts: Using Process Improvement and Performance Feedback to Improve Patient Flow in an Emergency Department

Prolonged emergency department (ED) visits are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for patients as well as lower patient satisfaction scores and increased costs. Several factors that influence the length of ED visits are out of the control of hospital employees, but some opportunities exist to improve performance. For this study, the ED department of a 150-bed hospital in the southeastern United States wanted to improve door-to-discharge time. To do so, a subprocess of door-to-discharge time was targeted, door-to-order. After analyzing the process, the team created standard orders for the 10 most common presenting conditions in the ER with preapproval, allowing nurses to submit the orders without the provider first visiting the patient. Following the process change, daily feedback was added to increase utilization of the preapproved orders. Reductions in door-to-order times and door-to-discharge were observed and patient satisfaction remained stable. Implications for future research in th...
3D PRINTING FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND SURGICAL SIMULATION OF VAD IMPLANTATION IN A FAILING RIGHT SYSTEMIC VENTRICLE

Adult congenital heart disease patients with a systemic morphologic right ventricle (RV) commonly develop systemic ventricular failure. A hypertrophied and dilated RV complicates VAD implantation. We aimed to determine the utility of two 3D printed models for preoperative planning by simulating VAD
Development and experimental validation of a multi-algorithmic hybrid attitude determination and control system for a small satellite

Abstract Advanced missions of satellites are increasingly demanding more accurate and robust attitude maneuvering capabilities. However, it is difficult to achieve especially for small satellites due to limited hardware resources of sensors, actuators, and processors. In this paper, to achieve the desired performance, a multi-algorithmic hybrid attitude determination and control system (ADCS) that utilizes a family of control and estimation algorithms is developed and implemented in numerical simulations and experiments for a small satellite. The hybrid automaton framework of the ADCS is designed to accomplish the desired performance with the limited hardware capability by switching the control and estimation algorithms effectively for given situations in space. The performance of the hybrid ADCS is evaluated through numerical and hardware-in-the-loop simulations that are based on a three-dimensional air-bearing testbed, CubeSat Three-Axis Simulator (CubeTAS). Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-algorithmic hybrid ADCS. The significance of this paper is in demonstrating that the hybrid automaton framework can be an effective approach to handle operational situations in space. It also provides a design reference for a small satellite ADCS.
Creativity, “Twinning,” and Self-Destruction in the Life and Work of Tennessee Williams

Applying an eclectic psychoanalytic framework, this paper provides a thematic link between the core experiences of Williams' early life and his creative work. Both preoedipal and Oedipal themes are elucidated. The central issue that dominated Williams' mental life was his struggle between a sense of suffocation and confinement, on the one hand, and having artistic and sexual freedom, on the other. The experience of suffocation extended to his dread of becoming mad. This dread derived from his intense twinning or twinship merger with his schizophrenic sister who was confined in an asylum. The study focuses attention on a number of Williams' one-act and full-length plays, written during each of the decades of his public career, as representative of his overall dramatic opus. These works are indicative of his special relationship with his sister as well as of his obsession about self-indulgence and fear of confinement. The later plays suggest that he was subject to identity confusion.
Board Level Solder Joint Reliability Assessment Study of Megtron 6 Vs FR-4 Under Power Cycling and Thermal Cycling

High frequency laminates like Nelco N4000–13, Isola FR408 and Panasonic Megtron 6 packages gained popularity among the industry due to better and improved electrical performances, Improved impedance control, low moisture absorption, good thermal management. High speed laminates are extensively used in high speed system-level interconnects like high speed network equipment, mainframes, IC testers and high frequency measuring instruments. When an electronic device is turned off and then turned on multiple times, it creates a loading condition called power cycling. The die is the only heat source causing non-uniform temperature distribution. In this paper, the solder joint reliability assessment of Megtron 6 boards are done using Finite element analysis (FEA) under two different loads power cycling and thermal cycling which act as a combined load. The reliability assessment is done to check stress distribution on PCB boards and solder joint. The life to failure is determined for Megtron 6 board package assembly. The mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between components used in Megtron 6 and the non-uniform temperature distribution makes the package deform. Modeling of life prediction is usually conducted for Accelerated Thermal Cycling (ATC) condition, which assumes uniform temperature throughout the assembly. An assembly is also subjected to Power Cycling i.e., non-uniform temperature with the chip as the only source of heat generation. This analysis shows the performance of Megtron 6 package assembly under thermal and power cycle in combination and the stress distribution and plastic work for the package.
Malignant Transformation of Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2-deficient (Fancd2-/-) Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by a Single HPV16 Oncogene.

Aim To demonstrate that Fanconi anemia complementation group D2-deficient (Fancd2-/-) hematopoietic progenitor cell lines can be transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing either the E6 or E7 oncogene of human papillomavirus (HPV) to generate malignant plasmacytoma-inducing cell lines. Materials and methods In order to determine whether a single HPV type 16 (HPV16) oncogene induced malignant transformation, Fancd2-/- and Fancd2+/+ interleukin 3 (IL3)-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines were transfected with plasmids containing E6 or E7 oncogene, or control empty plasmid. Results Fancd2-/- but not Fancd2+/+ cells were transformed into malignant IL3-independent cells by both E6, and E7 oncogenes, but not by empty plasmid. Hematopoietic cell lines and tumors induced by Fancd2-/- E6 and Fancd2-/- E7 cell lines were positive for each respective HPV RNA and protein. Conclusion A single HPV16 oncogene is adequate to produce malignant transformation of Fancd2-/- hematopoietic cells.
Modernizing Protocols for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Oil and Dispersant

The goals of this chapter are to discuss, compare and contrast these new or altered protocols with the initial Chemical Response to Oil Spills: Ecological Effects Research Forum (CROSERF) methods. Although we do not advocate for any specific approach, we do provide a summary of updated guidelines and present recommendations for improvements to the standard protocols for future aquatic toxicity testing with oil and/or chemical dispersants.
Case-matched Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes Following Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Exposure to Vedolizumab vs Other Biologics

BACKGROUND AND AIM The effects of vedolizumab [VEDO] exposure on perioperative outcomes following surgery for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] remain controversial. The aim of our study was to compare postoperative morbidity of IBD surgery following treatment with VEDO vs other biologics or no biologics. METHODS An institutional review board-approved, prospectively collected database was queried to identify all patients undergoing abdominal surgery for IBD between August 2012 and May 2017. The impact of VEDO within 12 weeks preoperatively on postoperative morbidity was initially assessed with univariate and multivariable analyses on all patients. A case-matched analysis was then carried out comparing patients exposed to VEDO vs other biologic agents, based on gender, age ± 5 years, diagnosis, date of surgery ± 2 years, and surgical procedure. RESULTS Out of 980 patients, 141 received VEDO. The majority of patients [59%] underwent surgery involving end or diverting ostomy creation. The initial multivariate analysis conducted on all patients indicated that VEDO use was independently associated with increased overall morbidity [p <0.001], but not infectious morbidity [p = 0.30]. However, the case-matched comparison of 95 VEDO-treated patients vs 95 patients treated with adalimumab or infliximab did not indicate any difference in overall morbidity [p = 0.32], infectious complications [p = 0.15], or surgical site infections [p = 0.12]. CONCLUSIONS In a study population having a high rate of surgery involving ostomy creation, the exposure to preoperative VEDO was not associated with an increased morbidity rate when compared with other biologics.
A Masquerader of Disease: An Incomplete Presentation of Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic pediatric vasculitis that most commonly affects children between the ages of 6 months and 4 years. The diagnosis of KD requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. In younger patients (less than 6 months) the diagnosis is exceedingly difficult as these patients typically do not meet the criteria to diagnosis KD clinically. Oftentimes, these younger patients do not meet enough of the criteria to warrant ordering an echocardiogram. We report a case of a 6-month-old Caucasian female who presented with high fevers originally thought to be due to a urinary tract infection. The patient required multiple echocardiograms in order to be diagnosed with incomplete KD. The patient was treated with IVIG and aspirin per standard of care, and experienced resolution of fevers and illness.
Impact of Routine Surveillance Imaging on the Outcome of Patients with Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Abstract Abstract 1558 Poster Board I-581 Purpose To determine the role of asymptomatic post-remission surveillance imaging in the diagnosis of first relapse and its impact on outcomes in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Patients and Methods The impact of surveillance imaging on diagnosis of first relapse and outcomes was determined by analysis of a defined patient population with relapsed HL who underwent high dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR). We retrospectively identified 114 patients from the HDT/ASCR database with biopsy-confirmed, relapsed HL; 94 patients had adequate data and follow-up for inclusion in the analysis. Details of surveillance imaging were obtained including: frequency; type; indication; and results of post-remission imaging. The indication for imaging was classified as asymptomatic surveillance (AS) or clinically indicated (CI; i.e. to investigate symptoms or physical examination findings). We have previously reported a validated prognostic model for relapsed HL that found time from initial therapy, presence of B symptoms at relapse and extra-nodal disease at relapse to be adverse factors (Moskowitz et al. Blood 97:616). We determined the prognostic risk group (PRG) (low [L] 0-1 factor, intermediate [I] 2 factors, high risk [H] 3 factors) for all patients. Overall and failure-free survivals were determined using the methods of Kaplan and Meier. Results Patient characteristics included: median age 32 years; PRG L: 65%, I: 31%, H: 4%; AS 36 (38%), CI 58 (62%). The median follow-up for surviving patients was 7.4 years. The PRG (L, I/H) correlated to outcome, validating its applicability in this patient cohort: FFS at 5 years was 64.8% and 49.4% respectively, p=0.045. PRGs were evenly distributed between the AS and CI groups: L: 64% v 66%; I/H: 36% v 37% p=0.48. The FFS at 5 years for patients in the AS and CI groups was 58.4% and 59.3% respectively, p=0.9; similar there was no difference in 5 year OS, AS 62.4% and CI 73.3% p=0.6. Within a given risk group (L or I/H) patients in the AS group did not have a superior outcome compared to the CI group. Conclusion AS does not identify a group of patients with first relapse of HL with a more favorable risk profile according the MSKCC prognostic model. While nearly 40% of patients were identified with relapse as a consequence of AS imaging, this did not identify a group of patients with relapsed HL with improved outcomes compared to patients who had CI imaging. If these results are confirmed in a prospective study, AS may be safely eliminated in HL after remission to reduce cost and long-term risk of the diagnostic imaging. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Climate variability reduces employment in New England fisheries.

Climate change is already affecting fish productivity and distributions worldwide, yet its impact on fishing labor has not been examined. Here I directly link large-scale climate variability with fishery employment by studying the effects of sea-surface pressure changes in the North Atlantic region, whose waters are among the world’s fastest warming. I find that climate shocks reduce not only regional catch and revenue in the New England fishing sector, but also ultimately county-level wages and employment among commercial harvesters. Each SD increase from the climatic mean decreases county-level fishing employment by 13%, on average. The South Atlantic region serves as a control due to its different ecological response to climate. Overall, I estimate that climate variability from 1996 to 2017 is responsible for a 16% (95% CI: 10% to 22%) decline in county-level fishing employment in New England, beyond the changes in employment attributable to management or other factors. This quantitative evidence linking climate variability and fishing labor has important implications for management in New England, which employs 20% of US commercial harvesters. Because the results are mediated by the local biology and institutions, they cannot be directly extrapolated to other regions. But they show that climate can impact fishing outcomes in ways unaccounted by management and offer a template for study of this relationship in fisheries around the world.
Risk of breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in a cohort of 3546 women prospectively followed long term after reconstruction with textured breast implants.

Summary Background The risk of BIA-ALCL for patients with textured breast implants has been estimated between 1/2832 and 1/30,000 women. Existing studies estimating the numbers exposed and at risk, may have under reported cases, and/or lacked comprehensive follow-up. Our objective is to determine the risk of BIA-ALCL in a defined cohort of patients reconstructed with macro-textured breast implants and consistently followed long-term. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in patients who underwent breast reconstruction by a single surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from December 1992 to December 2017. Major events related to implants were prospectively recorded. We identified cases of BIA-ALCL by cross-checking clinical, pathology and external records data. Patients were followed until lymphoma occurrence or last follow-up. The primary outcomes were incidence rate per person-years and cumulative incidence. Results From 1992 to 2017, 3546 patients underwent 6023 breast reconstructions, mainly after breast cancer removal, or contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, using macro-textured surface expanders and implants. All reconstructions were performed by a single surgeon (PGC). Median follow-up was 8.1 years (range, 3 months – 30.9 years). Ten women, 1/354, developed ALCL after a median exposure of 11.5 years (range, 7.4–15.8 years). Overall risk of BIA-ALCL in our cohort is 1/355 women or 0.311 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0.118 to 0.503). Discussion This study, the first to evaluate the risk of macro-textured breast implants from a prospective database with long term follow-up, demonstrates that the incidence rate of BIA-ALCL may be higher than previously reported. These results can help inform implant choice for women undergoing breast reconstruction.
Spontaneous Expressive Language Profiles in a Clinically Ascertained Sample of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have varying degrees of language impairment across multiple domains, which may include deficits in syntactic, pragmatic, and/or semantic skills. The heterogeneity of language profiles within ASD, coupled with the limited scope of existing standardized language measures, makes a comprehensive assessment of language impairments in ASD challenging. The Observation of Spontaneous Expressive Language (OSEL) is a new measure developed to capture children's spontaneous use of language in a naturalistic setting. The current study used the OSEL to examine the patterns of spontaneous expressive language abilities of 87 clinically ascertained children with ASD from 2 to 12 years. As expected, children with ASD were significantly more impaired in their spontaneous use of language compared to typically developing peers. Syntax and narrative skills continued to increase with age from toddler to elementary school years in cross-sectional comparisons. Pragmatic skills improved form toddler to preschool years but remained stable from preschool to elementary school years. Preliminary data also demonstrated significant improvements in OSEL syntax scores over time for a subset of children followed longitudinally (n = 8). Children with ASD consistently showed more impairments in spontaneous expressive language captured on the OSEL compared to language skills measured by other more structured standardized assessments, despite moderate convergent validity among those measures. Results suggest that impairments in the spontaneous and functional use of expressive language persist into middle childhood for many children with ASD, and a comprehensive assessment approach can lead to more precisely targeted treatment addressing specific language profiles. LAY SUMMARY: This study aimed to examine the variable language profiles in children with ASD. Children with ASD were shown to have impairments in the structure, meaning, and social use of language. These challenges were captured best by a measure that was created to assess the spontaneous use of language in a naturalistic environment. The results of this study emphasize the importance of a comprehensive assessment of language in ASD to inform treatment. Autism Res 2021, 14: 720-732. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Spinoza on the resistance of bodies.

Abstract Commentators often claim that the bodies of Spinoza’s physics resist the changes they undergo. But it’s not always clear what they mean when they say this, or whether they are entitled to say it. This article clarifies what it might mean to for Spinoza’s bodies to resist change, and examines the evidence for such a view. In the first half, the author argues that there is some limited evidence for such a view, but not nearly as much as people think. In the second half, the author proposes looking for a mental analogue to collision in the realm of ideas and argues that adequacy amounts to a meaningful concept of resistance in Spinoza, albeit one that is incomplete.
CADET: Debugging and Fixing Misconfigurations using Counterfactual Reasoning

Modern computing platforms are highly-configurable with thousands of interacting configurations. However, configuring these systems is challenging. Erroneous configurations can cause unexpected non-functional faults. This paper proposes CADET (short for Causal Debugging Toolkit) that enables users to identify, explain, and fix the root cause of non-functional faults early and in a principled fashion. CADET builds a causal model by observing the performance of the system under different configurations. Then, it uses casual path extraction followed by counterfactual reasoning over the causal model to: (a) identify the root causes of non-functional faults, (b) estimate the effects of various configurable parameters on the performance objective(s), and (c) prescribe candidate repairs to the relevant configuration options to fix the non-functional fault. We evaluated CADET on 5 highly-configurable systems deployed on 3 NVIDIA Jetson systems-on-chip. We compare CADET with state-of-the-art configuration optimization and ML-based debugging approaches. The experimental results indicate that CADET can find effective repairs for faults in multiple non-functional properties with (at most) 17% more accuracy, 28% higher gain, and $40\times$ speed-up than other ML-based performance debugging methods. Compared to multi-objective optimization approaches, CADET can find fixes (at most) $9\times$ faster with comparable or better performance gain. Our case study of non-functional faults reported in NVIDIA's forum show that CADET can find $14%$ better repairs than the experts' advice in less than 30 minutes.
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Blockade after Stroke Onset Protects Normal but Not Diabetic Mice

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is abundant in the brain, is upregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and is possible mediator of ischemic injury via the breakdown of neuroprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Prophylactic, pre-ischemic sEH blockade with 4-[[trans-4-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylamino)carbonyl]amino]cyclohexyl]oxy]-benzoic acid (tAUCB) reduces stroke-induced infarct in normal and diabetic mice, with larger neuroprotection in DM2. The present study tested whether benefit occurs in normal and DM2 mice if tAUCB is administered after stroke onset. We performed 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion in young adult male C57BL mice divided into four groups: normal or DM2, with t-AUCB 2 mg/kg or vehicle 30 min before reperfusion. Endpoints were (1) cerebral blood flow (CBF) by laser Doppler, and (2) brain infarct at 24 h. In nondiabetic mice, t-AUCB reduced infarct size by 30% compared to vehicle-treated mice in the cortex (31.4 ± 4 vs. 43.8 ± 3 (SEM)%, respectively) and 26% in the whole hemisphere (26.3 ± 3 vs. 35.2 ± 2%, both p < 0.05). In contrast, in DM2 mice, tAUCB failed to ameliorate either cortical or hemispheric injury. No differences were seen in CBF. We conclude that tAUCB administered after ischemic stroke onset exerts brain protection in nondiabetic but not DM2 mice, that the neuroprotection appears independent of changes in gross CBF, and that DM2-induced hyperglycemia abolishes t-AUCB-mediated neuroprotection after stroke onset.
Post-dural puncture headache following lumbar spinal drain: an atypical presentation with cognitive symptoms.

Post-dural puncture headache is a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, leading to reduced intracranial pressure. Its classical symptoms include a frontal-occipital headache which is worse on standing, neck stiffness, nausea, hearing loss and photophobia. In this report, we describe an atypical presentation of post-dural puncture headache in a 72-year-old woman following an endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm, before which a lumbar spinal drain was placed to reduce the risk of spinal cord ischemia. Following drain removal, the patient developed hypoactive delirium, challenges with both depth perception and fine motor skills and a mild headache. An epidural blood patch was performed, which resulted in the complete resolution of her symptoms. This case highlights an atypical presentation of post-dural puncture headache in an older patient, in whom the major symptoms were cognitive. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage should be considered as a cause of postoperative delirium in patients who have undergone neuraxial anaesthesia.
BLOCKCHAIN: A NON-TECHNICAL PRIMER FOR MARKETING ACADEMICS

In the ongoing march of industrial evolution there comes along technologies that have the power to transform businesses as we know it. The Internet revolutionized business/marketing in the nineties...
Fluorite-Type and Related Structure Systems

In functional materials, compounds with fluorite-type structures have important applications in gas sensors, solid-state electrolytes, ionic conductors, fuel cells, catalysis, and oxygen pumps. The fluorite-related anion-deficient nonstoichiometric and stoichiometric oxides are very sensitive to the external oxygen partial pressure. Thus, they are smart materials for transducing the variation in oxygen partial pressure via a change in their electric resistivity. Amazingly it can simultaneously have actuator effect to compensate the environmental change. This is an incredible and unique character of this system. In this chapter, we will explore fluorite-type and related structures to reveal the intrinsic connections between the observed properties and the crystal structures.
Action logic and pure induction

In Floyd-Hoare logic, programs are dynamic while assertions are static (hold at states). In action logic the two notions become one, with programs viewed as on-the-fly assertions whose truth is evaluated along intervals instead of at states. Action logic is an equational theory ACT conservatively extending the equational theory REG of regular expressions with operations preimplication a --< b (had a then b) and postimplication b a)}^*$ = a --< a.
Effects of marginal zinc deficiency on subclinical lead toxicity in the rat neonate

Influence of maternal dietary zinc intake on tissue distribution of lead and zinc in neonatal rats administered lead acetate by gavage during lactation was examined. Milk from dams fed a marginally deficient diet (6 micrograms Zn/g diet) contained a lower zinc concentration at the beginning of lactation than did that from control dams (30 micrograms Zn/g diet); no differences were seen by d 11 of lactation. Dams fed the deficient diet had lower plasma zinc values in comparison with pair-fed or ad libitum-fed dams and lower femur zinc concentration in comparison with pair-fed dams. Pups suckling marginally deficient dams had lower concentrations of zinc in plasma, femurs and kidneys although hippocampal and cerebellar zinc were unaltered. Body weights of pups from marginally zinc-deficient dams were lower than those from ad libitum-fed dams, but similar to those from pair-fed dams. Lead ingestion had no effect on body weight. Marginally zinc-deficient pups had greater lead accumulation in blood, femurs, hippocampi and cerebella, but not kidney, than did zinc-adequate pups. Marginal zinc deficiency during lactation increases the body lead burden of suckling rats, an effect not attributable to increased transfer of lead into milk in response to suboptimal maternal zinc status.
Zeroing in on tolerance.

Many genetic loci have been associated with autoimmune diseases through linkage analyses, but it has been a major challenge to isolate actual disease genes. The sequencing of the human genome and mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms will speed the identification of these genes, and may also help explain how environmental factors such as bacteria and viruses can induce autoimmunity.
A reduction theorem for concurrent object-oriented programs

A typical execution of a concurrent program is an interleaving of the threads of its components. It is well known that the net effect of a concurrent execution may be quite different from the serial executions of its components. In this paper we introduce a programming notation for concurrent object-oriented programs, called Seuss, and show that concurrent executions of its programs are, under certain conditions, equivalent to serial executions. This allows us to reason about a Seuss program as if its components will be executed serially whereas an implementation may execute its components concurrently, for performance reasons.