cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinicians out of fashion for the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.

Ashrafian et al. propose that the proportion of clinicians receiving the Nobel Prize for discoveries in Physiology and Medicine is decreasing.1 I believe that Alfred Nobel and his advisors could never have envisioned the explosive development of biochemistry, pharmacology, cell biology and genetics that would occur in the 20th century. In 1895, the year that Nobel's will was opened, there was not a single professor of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Cell Biology or Genetics in the United States or Great Britain. The present categories of prizes are probably immutable. Were they to be altered to reflect current research activity, one could reasonably propose that an additional category of ‘biology’ be added for seminal discoveries in the basic sciences mentioned above.
Behavioural interventions for preventing and treating obesity in adults.

The purpose of this chapter is to review obesity prevention and treatment interventions in adults done in the USA. The problem of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions and has been recognized as a public health threat. Interventions that modify factors for obesity can be for prevention or treatment. Interventions for prevention and treatment of obesity can be behavioral, pharmacological, surgical, or environmental. Implementation of an intervention does not necessarily correspond to success, and therefore common components among successful interventions were examined. A total of 19 treatment interventions were found, with approaches including structured meal plans, dietary adherence, supervised exercise classes, use of supplements, self-weighing, social support, internet-based tutorials, behavioral counseling, individualized plans, and feedback. Fewer prevention interventions were found (n = 5) compared to the treatment interventions mentioned above. The focus was more on lifestyle changes, with topics such as increasing physical activity (PA) and meeting dietary recommendations. Providing individualized, theory-based interventions, which focused on both nutrition and PA behaviors, were connected to the success of the interventions. It was also critical to go beyond dissemination of knowledge and develop attitudes, skills, and behaviors to adopt and maintain these habits. Fewer prevention interventions existed among the adult population, and therefore, concerted efforts must be made to build and sustain both effective treatment and prevention interventions to target the issue of obesity.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci

It is becoming clear that modern medical practices leading to the compromise of patients (e.g., by the ntroduction of prostheses or • -atheters and immunosuppressive therapy) have greatly enhanced the risk of infection by resident coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. Table 1 lists the various species according to species group and pathogenic potential. Although Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. saprophyticus are now well documented as opportunistic pathogens, additional research will be required to assess the pathogenicity of the other species, especially with regard to possible site or tissue specificity, severity of infection, and problems with antibiotic treatment. Coagulase-negative staphylococci Ihave been frequently implicated in infections of prosthetic heart valves (7), vascular and joint prostheses (19, 27), and cerebral spinal fluid dshunts (10), subacute bacterial endocarditis (12), peritonitis in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis (21), and in urinary tract (11), eye (25), ear (6), and ~vound (20) infections. They have ,also been isolated frequently from he blood, urine, and tumors of ancer patients, and from these sources often exhibit altered strut~tural and biochemical features (e.g., las L-forms with cell wall deficiencies Table 1 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species
Boundary value problems for multiply connected domains

This paper is in the nature of a progress report on studies and computations carried out over the past two years at the Computation Laboratory (CL) of the National Bureau of Standards in the field of partial differential equations. The purpose of this work was to gain experience with numerical methods for representing the solution of boundary value problems by infinite series, and to compare the efficiency of these methods with that of the more commonly used finite-difference approximations.
A green fluorescent protein kinase substrate allowing detection and localization of intracellular ERK/MAP kinase activity.

Abstract We describe a versatile intracellular reporter of ERK/MAP kinase activity: a cDNA construct, pGFP.MBP, encoding amino acids 85–144 of the human myelin basic protein fused to the C-terminus of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). The fused fragment of myelin basic protein contains a single consensus ERK/MAP kinase phosphorylation motif (PRTP, where the threonine is phosphorylated). Phosphorylation of the specific motif can be detected via immunoblotting or immunofluorescence with a commercially available phospho-specific monoclonal antibody. When expressed in mammalian cells by either transient or stable transfection, the fusion protein acts as a bona fide kinase substrate, as demonstrated by rapid serum-induced phosphorylation that is blocked by a specific MEK inhibitor. Moreover, the localization of the total substrate pool is easily visualized by GFP autofluorescence and the extent of its phosphorylation simultaneously detected within intact fixed cells by immunofluorescence using the commercially available phospho-specific antibody. The approach described should be generally applicable to the intracellular analysis of many specific protein kinase substrates for which phospho-specific antibodies have been produced.
Proven value of translational research with appropriate animal models to advance breast cancer treatment and save lives: the tamoxifen tale

Our current healthcare system is the beneficiary of the landmark successes of earlier pioneers who struggled, but persevered, to save lives. In the 19th century, two individuals stand out. Dr Louis Pasteur, a PhD basic scientist who luckily was ‘encouraged’ to conduct applied research and saved a life. Professor Paul Erhlich, a medically qualified research pathologist and winner of the Nobel Prize for antitoxin research, would create a model for successful synthetic drug development that would save thousands of lives. In my generation, it was my friend and supporter Sir James Black, Nobel laureate, who would advance the selectivity implied by receptor theory to treat patients for long periods with pathological conditions. Infectious diseases were cured within months but chronic heart disease, elevated blood pressure and gastric acid secretion were stabilized for years. Lives were saved and the practice of medicine changed to become evidence based. The key to success throughout was the creation and use of appropriate animal models. In this article, I will focus on the essential aspects of animal models in the unanticipated development of an orphan medicine tamoxifen, used initially to treat late stage breast cancer. The results from the animal models taught the medical profession how to use tamoxifen effectively to save lives, how to detect life-threatening side effects, or provided clues about a new group of medicines that now have multiple applications in women's health. But first, what did our pioneers do and how did they do it?
Understanding Locational Reserves and Reliability Needs in Electricity Markets

This paper describes a comprehensive set of examples being developed for the purpose of understanding the interaction between reserves and energy, the need to consider not only energy but also reserves by location, leading to the need to locational marginal pricing for both. The paper also illustrates how congestion in the transmission system that occurs for energy may or may not be correlated to congestion that occurs in the reserve markets.
Matrix conditioning for lengthened capillary DNA sequencing

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is currently the preferred format for both DNA sequencing and small DNA fragment analysis. The present study provides a simple revision of the procedure used for CE of DNA with a commercial DNA sequencing apparatus from Applied Biosystems. The revision is electrophoretic conditioning of the sieving matrix (typically POP-6) before sample injection. The effects of this preconditioning are revealed during subsequent analyses performed without replenishing the sieving matrix. The primary effect of preconditioning is to increase peak separations during a subsequent CE. The preconditioning has the following characteristics: (i) The effect on peak separation progressively increases as the preconditioning time increases to at least 6 h. (ii) The effect on peak separation scales approximately as the product of the preconditioning time and the magnitude of the electrical field (162 - 320 V/cm) during preconditioning. (iii) The preconditioning persists for more than 72 h at zero field. Preconditioning of the matrix substantially improves resolution of fragment analysis in the range of 700-2000 nucleotides. For DNA sequencing, the primary impact of preconditioning is, thus far, extension of the range of low-quality base calls at the end of sequence reading. Matrix preconditioning is a new factor to consider when interpreting data obtained by CE in polymer solutions. The mechanism of preconditioning is not yet known.
Abstract 3669: IDH mutant glial cell resistance to natural killer cell cytotoxicity

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Mutations in IDH 1 and 2 are common in gliomas. Methylation-related epigenetic repression of gene expression is a feature of IDH mutant (IDHmut) tumors. Epigenetic repression of NK cell ligands is a common occurrence in cancer, but it is unknown if this occurs in gliomas. Here, we demonstrate transcriptional repression of NKG2D activating ligands (NKG2DLs) in IDHmut tumors, and correlate this with decreased susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis in vitro We compared IDHmut and IDHwt gene expression values for annotated immune response genes and examined NKG2DL HM450 mean methylation values in glioma patients using TCGA data. cDNA was synthesized from cultured IDHwt or IDHmut astrocytes. NKG2DL expression was assayed using primers for NKG2D ligands ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3 and RAET1G. IDHwt astrocytes, U87 cells and IDHmut astrocytes were cultured with activated NK cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by flow cytometry. mRNA expression values for NKG2DLs ULBP1 and ULBP3 were significantly reduced in IDHmut gliomas. Conversely, methylation values were significantly increased. NKG2DL hierarchical clustering of gene expression of shows genotype-based expression clusters. IDHmt astrocytes expressed a two to eight-fold reduction in the relative gene expression of NKG2DLs compared with IDHwt astrocyte. Cytotoxicity is significantly lower in IDHmut astrocytes/NK cell co-cultures compared with IDHmut/NK or U87/NK co-cultures. Our data demonstrates evidence for the transcriptional repression of NKG2DLs in IDHmut gliomas in silico and in vitro. Reduced NKG2D levels in IDHmut cells correlates with impaired NK-mediated cytotoxicity and suggests a role for NK cell resistance in IDH mutant tumors. Further studies are in progress to utilize HSV vectors that express ULBP3 to determine whether restoration of ULBP3 expression in cancer cells will enhance susceptibility to NK activation and tumor cell killing. Results of these experiments will be reported. Citation Format: Xiaoran Zhang, Yigang Chang, Aofei Li, Joseph C. Glorioso, Paola Grandi, Mike Lotze, Nduka Amankulor. IDH mutant glial cell resistance to natural killer cell cytotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3669. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3669
Step-height standard for surface-profiler calibration

We report on the design and fabrication of an all-silicon test pattern that is very useful for assessing the performance of all types of profiling instruments. We present examples of results obtained from applying this method to various kinds of profiling instruments, including a WYKO TOPO 3D system, Micromap Promap 512 profilers, a ZYGO Maxim 3-D system, and scanning probe AFM systems. We also present the results from a measurement of the BRDF of the step with a TMA CASI scatterometer to show the utility of the step as a potential calibration standard for scattered light measuring instruments.
Sodium-phosphate cotransport in human red blood cells. Kinetics and role in membrane metabolism.

Orthophosphate (Pi) uptake was examined in human red blood cells at 37~ in media containing physiological concentrations of Pt (1.0-1.5 mM). Cells were shown to transport Pi by a 4,4'-dinitro stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DNDS) -sensitive pathway (75%), a newly discovered sodium-phosphate (Na/Pi) cotrans- port pathway (20%), and a pathway linearly dependent on an extracellular phos- phate concentration of up to 2.0 mM (5%). Kinetic evaluation of the Na/P i co- transport pathway determined the KI/~ for activation by extracellular Pi ((Na)o = 140 mM) and extracellular Na ((Pi)o = 1.0 mM) to be 304  24/zM and 139  8 mM, respectively. The phosphate influx via the cotransport pathway exhibited a V~ of 0.63 _+ 0.05 mmol Pi (kg Hb)-l(h) -1 at 140 mM Na o. Activation of Pi uptake by Nao gave Hill coefficients that came close to a value of 1.0. The V=~, of the Na/P i cotransport varied threefold over the examined pH range (6.90-7.75); how- ever, the Na/P i stoichiometry of 1.73  0.15 was constant. The membrane trans- port inhibitors ouabain, bumetanide, and arsenate had no effect on the magnitude of the Na/Pi cotransport pathway. No difference was found between the rate of incorporation of extracellular Pi into cytosolic orthophosphate and the rate of incorporation into cytosolic nucleotide phosphates, but the rate of incorporation into other cytosolic organic phosphates was significantly slower. Depletion of intracellular total phosphorus inhibited the incorporation of extracellular Pi into the cytosolic nucleotide compartment; and this inhibition was not reversed by repletion of phosphorus to 75% of control levels. Extracellular S~P i labeled the membrane-associated compounds that migrate on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with the Rf values of ATP and ADP, but not those of 2,3-bisphosphoglycer- ate (2,3-DPG), AMP, or Pi. DNDS had no effect on the level of extracellular phos- phate incorporation or on the TLC distribution of Pi in the membrane; however, substitution of extracellular sodium with N-methyl-D-glucamine inhibited phospho- rylation of the membranes by 90% and markedly altered the chromatographic pat- tern of the membrane-associated phosphate. These results demonstrate the exis- tence of a Na/Pi cotransport system in the red cell membrane that is important in
Instability of the continuously transposed cable under axial short-circuit forces in transformers

The axial instability of the winding conductor is one of the principal modes of mechanical failure in large power transformers. It is caused by axial compressive forces generated by the electromagnetic interaction of the short-circuit current and the radial leakage flux. It is a buckling type of mechanical instability that occurs under compression. Two possible modes of failure in the layer type coil wound with the continuously transposed cable are identified and analyzed in this paper. The critical design loads leading to instability of the individual strands as well as of the whole cable are separately derived. The actual instability threshold of the coil would be the lesser of the two critical loads. For the through-fault integrity of the transformer design, this threshold must be greater than the peak compressive force on the cable under the worst case short-circuit current.
Functionally independent components of prey capture are architecturally constrained in spider orb webs

Evolutionary conflict in trait performance under different ecological contexts is common, but may also arise from functional coupling between traits operating within the same context. Orb webs first intercept and then retain insects long enough to be attacked by spiders. Improving either function increases prey capture and they are largely determined by different aspects of web architecture. We manipulated the mesh width of orbs to investigate its effect, along with web size, on prey capture by spiders and found that they functioned independently. Probability of prey capture increased with web size but was not affected by mesh width. Conversely, spiders on narrow-meshed webs were almost three times more likely to capture energetically profitable large insects, which demand greater prey retention. Yet, the two functions are still constrained during web spinning because increasing mesh width maximizes web size and hence interception, while retention is improved by decreasing mesh width because more silk adheres to insects. The architectural coupling between prey interception and retention has probably played a key role in both the macroevolution of orb web shape and the expression of plasticity in the spinning behaviours of spiders.
Soft Error Rate Reduction Using Circuit Optimization and Transient Filter Insertion

This paper describes a tunable transient filter (TTF) design for soft error rate reduction in combinational logic circuits. TTFs can be inserted into combinational circuits to suppress propagated single-event transients (SETs) before they can be captured in latches or flip-flops. TTFs are tuned by adjusting the maximum width of the propagated SET that can be suppressed. A TTF requires 6–14 transistors, making it an attractive cost-effective option to reduce the soft error rate in combinational circuits. A global optimization approach based on geometric programming that integrates TTF insertion with dual-V DD and gate sizing is described. Simulation results for the 65 nm process technology indicate that a 17–48× reduction in the soft error rate can be achieved with this approach.
Low-dose metronomic, multidrug therapy with the PEP-C oral combination chemotherapy regimen for mantle cell lymphoma

The prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine and cyclophosphamide (PEP-C) oral combination chemotherapy regimen (prednisone 20 mg, cyclophosphamide 50 mg, etoposide 50 mg, and procarbazine 50 mg with an oral anti-emetic) was employed at our center to treat 22 patients with heavily pretreated, recurrent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). All medications were administered daily until leukocytes fell to <3.0 x 10(9)/L whereupon treatment was withheld until recovery from the nadir. Therapy was then reinstituted on a daily, alternate day, or fractionated basis (e.g. 5 of 7 days) depending on patient tolerance. Doses given per day were held constant. Eighty-two percent achieved an objective response with 46% complete responses and 36% partial responses. Median time on therapy was 17 months. The regimen was well tolerated. Our findings demonstrate that low-dose oral agents administered in combination for continuous, prolonged periods with minimal drug-free intervals (metronomic therapy) may represent a novel, effective, easily tolerated approach to MCL and that this treatment approach warrants further exploration.
Neural activity tied to reading predicts individual differences in extended-text comprehension.

Reading comprehension depends on neural processes supporting the access, understanding, and storage of words over time. Examinations of the neural activity correlated with reading have contributed to our understanding of reading comprehension, especially for the comprehension of sentences and short passages. However, the neural activity associated with comprehending an extended text is not well understood. Here we describe a current-source-density (CSD) index that predicts individual differences in the comprehension of an extended text. The index is the difference in CSD-transformed event-related potentials (ERPs) to a target word between two conditions: a comprehension condition with words from a story presented in their original order, and a scrambled condition with the same words presented in a randomized order. In both conditions participants responded to the target word, and in the comprehension condition they also tried to follow the story in preparation for a comprehension test. We reasoned that the spatiotemporal pattern of difference-CSDs would reflect comprehension-related processes beyond word-level processing. We used a pattern-classification method to identify the component of the difference-CSDs that accurately (88%) discriminated good from poor comprehenders. The critical CSD index was focused at a frontal-midline scalp site, occurred 400-500 ms after target-word onset, and was strongly correlated with comprehension performance. Behavioral data indicated that group differences in effort or motor preparation could not explain these results. Further, our CSD index appears to be distinct from the well-known P300 and N400 components, and CSD transformation seems to be crucial for distinguishing good from poor comprehenders using our experimental paradigm. Once our CSD index is fully characterized, this neural signature of individual differences in extended-text comprehension may aid the diagnosis and remediation of reading comprehension deficits.
Computerized provider order entry in the clinical laboratory

Clinicians have traditionally ordered laboratory tests using paper-based orders and requisitions. However, paper orders are becoming increasingly incompatible with the complexities, challenges, and resource constraints of our modern healthcare systems and are being replaced by electronic order entry systems. Electronic systems that allow direct provider input of diagnostic testing or medication orders into a computer system are known as Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems. Adoption of laboratory CPOE systems may offer institutions many benefits, including reduced test turnaround time, improved test utilization, and better adherence to practice guidelines. In this review, we outline the functionality of various CPOE implementations, review the reported benefits, and discuss strategies for using CPOE to improve the test ordering process. Further, we discuss barriers to the implementation of CPOE systems that have prevented their more widespread adoption.
A Brinkman penalization method for compressible flows in complex geometries

To simulate flows around solid obstacles of complex geometries, various immersed boundary methods had been developed. Their main advantage is the efficient implementation for stationary or moving solid boundaries of arbitrary complexity on fixed non-body conformal Cartesian grids. The Brinkman penalization method was proposed for incompressible viscous flows by penalizing the momentum equations. Its main idea is to model solid obstacles as porous media with porosity, @f, and viscous permeability approaching zero. It has the pronounced advantages of mathematical proof of error bound, strong convergence, and ease of numerical implementation with the volume penalization technique. In this paper, it is extended to compressible flows. The straightforward extension of penalizing momentum and energy equations using Brinkman penalization with respective normalized viscous, @h, and thermal, @h"T, permeabilities produces unsatisfactory results, mostly due to nonphysical wave transmissions into obstacles, resulting in considerable energy and mass losses in reflected waves. The objective of this paper is to extend the Brinkman penalization technique to compressible flows based on a physically sound mathematical model for compressible flows through porous media. In addition to penalizing momentum and energy equations, the continuity equation for porous media is considered inside obstacles. In this model, the penalized porous region acts as a high impedance medium, resulting in negligible wave transmissions. The asymptotic analysis reveals that the proposed Brinkman penalization technique results in the amplitude and phase errors of order O((@[email protected])^1^/^2) and O((@h/@h"T)^1^/^[email protected]^3^/^4), when the boundary layer within the porous media is respectively resolved or unresolved. The proposed method is tested using 1- and 2-D benchmark problems. The results of direct numerical simulation are in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions. The numerical simulations verify the accuracy and convergence rates.
Protection against or triggering of Type 1 diabetes? Different roles for viral infections

The emergence of autoreactivity that ultimately destroys insulin-producing β-cells and causes Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a result of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, such as viral infections. The ability to induce strong cellular immune responses and to cause inflammation in the target organ makes viral infections prime candidates for the initiation of islet autoreactivity. Indeed, certain viruses have been linked to the occurrence of T1D based on epidemiological, serological and histological findings; and several rodent studies clearly demonstrate that viral infections can trigger autoimmunity. However, viruses have also been shown to efficiently prevent autoimmunity, which underlines the beneficial aspects of exposure to microbial agents as suggested by the hygiene hypothesis. Here, we will try to untangle some aspects of the complex interplay between viruses and the immune system and we will recapitulate by what rationale certain viruses have been associated with T1D.
USING LEAN METHODOLOGIES FOR ECONOMICALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE FOUNDRIES

She has 24 years experience in manufacturing, primarily in automotive power train and foundry, including operations, quality, and human resource management. She is currently pursuing an Industrial Engineering Ph.D at the Pennsylvania State University, and teaching engineering courses and consulting with companies on lean implementation and environmental life cycle assessment. Prior to that Ms. Torielli spent 20 years at Ford Motor Company and held positions in Human Resources, Power Train Operations and Quality including: Manufacturing and Product Development Leadership Program, Power Train Manufacturing Quality Manager, Plant Manager of Windsor Aluminum Plant, Manufacturing Manager of Cleveland Engine Plant 2 and Quality Manager of Dearborn Engine and Fuel Tank Plant. She joined the Ford Motor Company in 1987 after completing her MBA at Case Western Reserve University. Ms. Torielli has been active in the past on the Board of Trustees of the Foundry Education Foundation and the American Foundry Society.
The importance of retrospective analyses of adverse outcomes.

R Danik et al observed an increased incidence of subacute erforation or dislodgement of implantable cardioverterefibrillator (ICD) leads associated with a specific manuacturer. If the analysis were motivated by a suspected ifference, this would introduce a potential bias in the reults and result in conclusions that might not be applicable o all centers. A bias would not exist if the authors did not uspect a difference before their analysis. In either case, heir observations and concerns are valid. Moreover, their onclusions are qualified appropriately, and the authors hould be commended for bringing these observations forard. Manufacturers depend on physicians to report clinical bservations through direct communication or by publicaion in a peer-reviewed journal. For example, in 2000 a atient death was reported directly to the manufacturer hrough its field product monitoring process. Subsequent nalysis indicated that the potential failure mode could ffect other patients and was correctable by reprogramming he device. This information was disseminated by the manfacturer and undoubtedly avoided unnecessary deaths. lternatively, peer-reviewed publications disseminate inormation about isolated device malfunctions, possible deign flaws, or complications that may be related to techique. Despite inherent limitations, retrospective analyses dentify problems that are not obvious when the incidence is ow, and publication serves to alert other physicians and the anufacturers about the need for additional study. Examles include the following:
A Study on Restroom Advertising and Its Effect on Awareness of Campus Recreation Programs

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate what effect restroom advertising has on program awareness within a campus recreation department. Participants consisted of 217 students, faculty, and staff from a four-year private university, located in the Midwestern portion of the United States. This preliminary study found that the impact of restroom advertising to improve awareness of campus recreation programs was significantly high. Results showed that locating advertisements in the restroom, using a graphic to represent an advertised program, and selecting a specific color for the advertisement are strong indicators for support of a restroom marketing strategy. Suggestions for future research followed by limitations of the study are presented.
Evaluation of the physical, chemical and sensory properties of jerky processed from emu, beef, and turkey

Three jerky formulations were prepared from beef top round, turkey breast, and various emu cuts (inner mid drum, inner outside drum, oyster, and fan fillet). The meat sources were sliced, cured, smoked, and dried. All treatments were evaluated for palatability traits, shear force and chemical properties. No significant difference was found in the sodium or ash levels among the three treatments. Beef jerky had the highest percentage fat followed by emu, and then turkey (p < 0.05). Emu jerky was the toughest, chewiest, and most desirable as evaluated by a trained and consumer sensory panels. The production of emu jerky may be of particular interest to the emu industry to increase profits by utilizing less desirable cuts and opening a new market for the meat obtained from the emu. The information provided by this study can be utilized by emu producers and product marketers for the advancement of the emu industry.
Virtuous circles in science and commerce

. During the formative years of biotechnology, ‘star’ bioscientists possessed intellectual capital of extraordinary scientific and pecuniary value. In America and Japan, 35 percent of star bioscientists became involved with firms in commercialising their discoveries (a crucial determinant of success) versus 7 percent in Europe. Did star involvement come at expense of scientific progress? No, the publication rate of these ‘involved stars’ increased very significantly whilst actively involved with firms. Furthermore, citations per article were unchanged or significantly increased; so quality was maintained. Top academic scientists and firms working together led to faster commercial and scientific progress – a truly virtuous circle. Abstract. Durante los anos formativos de la biotecnologia, los bioinvestigadores “estrella” acumulaban un capital intelectual de extraordinario valor cientifico y pecuniario. En America y Japon, el 35 por ciento de bioinvestigadores “estrella” se involucraron con empresas en la comercializacion de sus descubrimientos (determinante crucial del exito) comparado con un 7 por ciento en Europa. ?Fue este involucramiento a costa del progreso cientifico? No, la tasa de publicacion de estos investigadores estrella aumento muy significativamente mientras que estaban activamente involucrados con dichas empresas. Es mas, el numero de citas de sus articulos no cambiaron o aumentaron significativamente, y por tanto la calidad se ha mantenido. Los investigadores mas eminentes y las empresas punteras trabajando juntos nos llevan mas rapidamente al progreso comercial y cientifico – un circulo virtuoso verdadero.
77GHz band antenna array substrate for short range car radar

Linear polarized antenna array has been developed for short range automotive radars. The antenna achieved low side lobe level small size and wide bandwidth. Material of the antenna is ceramics, which can readily unify the antenna with packages for ICs. Unifying antenna can reduce radar cost significantly because it can decrease component count and manufacturing process and introduce stable characteristics. The paper presents two kinds of antennas appropriate for short range radar. One has gain of 15.6 dBi and side lobe level of -28.1 dB and the other has gain of 17.9 dBi and side lobe level of -26.3 dB at 76.5 GHz.
Is There Any Parameter Helpful for Predicting a Suitable Candidate for Mite Immunotherapy

Few biomarkers that can predict the clinical response to allergen immunotherapy (AIT) have been identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate parameters that could be used "in predicting the clinical response to AIT" in children with asthma caused by house dust mites. We evaluated 107 children with mild persistent asthma who were sensitised only to mite aeroallergens. The study group included 47 patients who underwent a 4-to-5-year course of subcutaneous immunotherapy with standardised mite allergenic extract. Sixty patients who had not undergone AIT but were allergic to house mites were included in the control group. The clinical features and laboratory parameters of patients who did and did not sustain remission were compared. Remission was achieved in 74.5% of the 47 patients in the study group and in 20% of those in the control group. In the study group, one parameter predictive of a clinical response to AIT was identified by multivariate logistic analysis. This parameter was the serum total IgE level (tIgE) at the time of diagnosis (OR 131.64 and CI 0.858-20193; p = 0.032). Serum tIgE levels ≤ 339 kU/L at diagnosis were associated with an effective clinical response to AIT, with a sensitivity of 64.5% and specificity of 88.9%. We conclude that measurement of the serum tIgE level can be used as a predictive test prior to AIT in patients sensitized to mite aeroallergens.
Progestational agents and blood coagulation: IV. Changes induced by progestogen alone

Abstract The effects of two types of oral contraceptive medication upon blood coagulability were studied in 35 women on a double-blind basis. A progestin alone induced only minimal changes in some procoagulant levels, in contrast to the marked rises which accompanied progestin-estrogen combination therapy.
Influence of coronary artery anatomy on survival following resection of left ventricular aneurysms and chronic infarcts.

Left ventricular (LV) aneurysms were resected in 27 patients for treatment of congestive heart failure and in five patients for treatment of ventricular arrhythmia. There were eight early (25 per cent) and five late (15 per cent) deaths. Preoperative hemodynamics including analysis of left ventriculograms in the right anterior oblique position did not consistently predict survival. In contrast, coronary artery anatomy appeared to influence the mortality rate strikingly in patients with congestive heart failure. The hospital mortality rate was 6 per cent and the late mortality rate was 13 per cent for 16 patients with one- or two-vessel coronary artery disease, but with unobstructed LV lateral wall blood supply. All but one of the survivors obtained a good late result. In nine patients with two- and three-vessel coronary artery disease and obstructed LV lateral wall blood supply there were six hospital deaths and two late deaths. It is concluded that the presence or absence of occlusive disease in the arteries supplying the LV lateral wall is an important determinant of the mortality rate associated with resection of anterior apical LV aneurysms in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Epileptic Children in Detroit's Special School Program a Study

The time between the extension of medical services and the extension of educational services will be a measure of our social lag.
Sensory Receptors of the Skin

Successive periods of investigation have produced anatomic, physiological, and psychological phases in our understanding of skin sensation. Each phase has been the result of technological improvement. The use of the electron microscope has brought about a decade of renewed anatomic study and reclassification of skin nerve endings. Correlation with single-unit recordings has produced a new awareness that anatomic simplicity may be attainable but that physiological responses remain complex and often proceed from stimulation of patterns of diverse receptor tissue. New chemical and immunochemical methods are providing a new degree of resolution of histological questions. Whole-mount preparations offer an excellent opportunity for correlation of sensation with structure and for quantitative study of receptor tissue. This review of cutaneous sensory receptors summarizes diverse approaches to the common problem of what receptors are present and on what evidence their independent existence and function rest. The chapter includes specific pertinent and current references. Exhaustive bibliographies on the subject will be found in the reviews of the last 20 years (Montagna and Brook-hart, 1977; Munger, 1971; Halata, 1975; Chouchkov, 1978; Winkelmann, 1960b; Sinclair, 1981; Malinovsky and Pac, 1982).
Application of the Sequential n-Step Kinetic Mechanism to Polypeptide Translocases

Clp/Hsp100 proteins are essential motor proteins in protein quality control pathways in all organisms. Such enzymes couple the energy derived from ATP binding and hydrolysis to translocate and unfold polypeptide substrates. Often they perform this role in collaboration with proteases for protein removal or with other chaperones for protein disaggregation. Unlike other well-characterized motor proteins, fundamental parameters such as the microscopic rate constants and overall rate of translocation, step-size (amino acids translocated per step), processivity, and directionality are not available for many of these enzymes. We have recently developed a fluorescence stopped-flow method to elucidate these fundamental mechanistic details. In addition, we have developed a quantitative method to examine the single-turnover time courses that result from the rapid mixing experiments. With these two advances in hand, we have recently reported the first determination of the microscopic rate constants, overall rate of translocation, kinetic step-size, and processivity for the E. coli ClpA polypeptide translocase. Here, we report a description of both the fluorescence stopped-flow method to examine the mechanism of enzyme catalyzed polypeptide translocation and the mathematics required to quantitatively examine the resulting time courses.
Short-Term Incorporation of Tomato Pomace and Invert Sugar in Diets of One- and Two-Year-Old Layers

By-products - tomato pomace ( TP) and powdered invert sugar ( IS , to enhance palatability) - were substituted at low concentration in commercial Layena ® crumble( L ) diets of second and third cycle laying hens to simulate feeding of backyard layers for 2 wk. to determine the effect on several production measurements. In Experiment I, 1-yr-old layers were fed L as the control, LTP (90.0% L plus 10.0% ground TP) or LTPIS (90.0% LTP plus 10% powdered IS). Feed consumption was similar (p < 0.05) across diets and hens fed L maintained BW for 2 wk in contrast to those fed LTP and LTPIS. Hen-day production for L, LTP and LTPIS was similar (P < 0.05) while yolk color for eggs from hens fed TP was significantly (P < 0.05) darker than that of eggs from hens fed L. Egg shell thickness values for all eggs in Experiment I were similar (P < 0.05). To compare the form of diets containing TP, in Experiment II, 2-year-old hens were fed LTP as the control or diets that were pelleted, then crumbled (LTPp or LTPISp). Hens fed LTP did not maintain BW for 2 wk while those fed LTPp had BW equal (P < 0.05) to that of their initial BW by the end of wk 2. Hens fed LTPISp maintained BW for 2wk. Pellet formation caused statistically (P < 0.05) lower yolk color compared to that from eggs of hens fed LTP. Age and strain of hens produced low hen-d egg production of 20 to 30 %, likely obfuscating the effect of diet. Egg shell thickness values for eggs from hens given LTPp met the standard (33 mm) while that (32 mm) for eggs from hens administered LTP and LTPISp did not. Older layers will need excess supplemental calcium when fed pellet-crumble diets with TP at 10.0%. Pellet formation will add extra cost to backyard production and negatively affect consumer preference for darker yolks.
Signaling Pathways Critical for Tooth Root Formation

Tooth is made of an enamel-covered crown and a cementum-covered root. Studies on crown dentin formation have been a major focus in tooth development for several decades. Interestingly, the population prevalence for genetic short root anomaly (SRA) with no apparent defects in crown is close to 1.3%. Furthermore, people with SRA itself are predisposed to root resorption during orthodontic treatment. The discovery of the unique role of Nfic (nuclear factor I C; a transcriptional factor) in controlling root but not crown dentin formation points to a new concept: tooth crown and root have different control mechanisms. Further genetic mechanism studies have identified more key molecules (including Osterix, β-catenin, and sonic hedgehog) that play a critical role in root formation. Extensive studies have also revealed the critical role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in tooth root formation. In addition, Wnt10a has recently been found to be linked to multirooted tooth furcation formation. These exciting findings not only fill the critical gaps in our understanding about tooth root formation but will aid future research regarding the identifying factors controlling tooth root size and the generation of a whole "bio-tooth" for therapeutic purposes. This review starts with human SRA and mainly focuses on recent progress on the roles of NFIC-dependent and NFIC-independent signaling pathways in tooth root formation. Finally, this review includes a list of the various Cre transgenic mouse lines used to achieve tooth root formation-related gene deletion or overexpression, as well as strengths and limitations of each line.
The Consciousness of Embodied Cognition, Affordances, and the Brain

Tony Chemero advances the radical thesis that cognition and consciousness are actually the same thing. I question this conclusion. Even if we are the brain–body environmental synergies that Chemero and others claim, we will not be able to conclude that consciousness is just cognition because this view actually expands cognition beyond being the sort of natural kind upon which to hook phenomenal experience. Identifying consciousness with cognition either means consciousness exists at multiple levels of organization in the universe, or more work needs to be done to delineate conscious cognition from other synergies. Still, while radical embodied cognition does not solve any of the hard problems associated with consciousness, this perspective allows useful insights concerning phenomenal experience. Moreover, recent neuropsychological research in action selection and projection can help us refine notions of consciousness from this embodied perspective.
Limited Evidence Suggests a Protective Association Between Oral Contraceptive Pill Use and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Females: A Systematic Review:

Context:Female athletes aged 14 to 18 years are at particular risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Hormonal factors are thought to predispose them to this injury. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) might reduce ACL injury risk, although the literature appears controversial.Objective:To evaluate the association between OCP use and ACL injuries in women. The secondary objective was to determine the rates of ACL injuries in the pre- and postovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle in OCP and non-OCP (NOCP) users.Data Sources:Searches were performed across 4 reference databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane), abstracts from 6 specialty societies, ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists of relevant papers.Study Selection:We included studies investigating the association between OCP use and ACL injuries in females of any age or the distribution of ACL injuries across the menstrual cycle in OCP and NOCP users.Study Design:Systematic review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Data Extraction:Data regarding s...
Reaching Shared Goals in Higher Education: A Collaboration of the Library and Disability Support Services

How do departments in higher education partner and collaborate to support student academic success? Is collaboration a result of only intentional work, or can unintentional conversations, interactions, and dialogue produce significant impact? Disability Support Services (DSS) and the Library uncovered some common goals as a result of ongoing yet informal dialogue and interactions. As common goals and shared vision emerged in conversations and activities, new opportunities for collaborative work between DSS and the Library became evident. This case study may provide new stepping stones and innovative thoughts for your collaborative work possibilities in higher education.
Robust Predictive Battery Thermal Management Strategy for Connected and Automated Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Thermoelectric Parameter Uncertainty

The connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles (CAHEVs) have the potential to improve safety and mitigate traffic congestions. A crucial problem of the CAHEVs is that the lithium-ion batteries are highly temperature sensitive, whose output power is severely limited at low temperatures. Moreover, the cells may be premature aging at high operating temperatures and even result in an explosion, seriously threatening the human safety. Consequently, a practical and energy-efficient battery thermal management (BTM) strategy is required with the minimum possible cooling/heating energy consumption. To achieve the multiple objectives, a finite-set based model predictive control (FSMPC) strategy is presented for the BTM in CAHEVs. Since the thermoelectric model of the BTM system is highly nonlinear and time variant, an extended state observer is implemented for accurate system state estimation and prediction so that the parameter uncertainties inherent in the system can be compensated. The hardware-in-the-loop validation of the proposed strategy is conducted on the urban dynamometer drive schedule-based on a Toyota Prius plug-in HEV model. The results demonstrate that the proposed BTM strategy can maintain the battery pack in the CAHEV operating at the optimum temperature and save 30% BTM energy compared to the conventional method even under 50% parameter uncertainty.
Turbidimetric and Pipetimetric Measurements of Number of Hydra

To determine rapidly and accurately the number of hydra in dense suspensions by the turbidity of diluted hydra homogenates or by the volume they occupy in a pipet.