cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New trends in photobiology: GTP-binding signalling proteins in higher plants

Abstract Two groups within the superfamily of GTP-binding proteins use their GTP-binding and hydrolysis properties to function as intracellular signalling molecules. These are the heterotrimeric GTP-binding regulatory (or big) G-proteins, which convey signals from activated seven trans-membrane segment receptors to specific cellular-effector systems such as the cAMP- or inisitol-triphosphate-generating systems; and the ras-type (or small) G-proteins representing several classes of proteins with functions ranging from a role in vesicle trafficking to a role in the cell cycle. Initial identification and characterization of these proteins was achieved using various animal and fungal systems. Only recently has it become clear that cognate proteins are present in higher plant systems where they probably serve signalling functions.
Penerapan Six Sigma Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Produk Bimoli Classic (Studi Kasus : PT. Salim Ivomas Pratama – Bitung)

Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk memberikan solusi peningkatan standar proses internal perusahaan yang bertujuan untuk meminimasi defect atau nonconforming sehingga trend kegagalan produk menurun untuk tiap periodenya adalah metode Six Sigma. Melalui penerapan siklus DMAIC (Define, Measure, Improve, Analyze, and Control) dalam Six Sigma, maka indeks kapabilitas proses (Cp) serta Defect per Million Opportunies (DPMO) dapat diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Salim Invomas Pratama-Bitung, sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pembuatan minyak goreng dengan menggunakan bahan baku kelapa sawit, dimana salah satu produk yang dihasilkan adalah Bimoli gelon 5 liter (classic). Dari karateristik kualitas Peroxide Value (PV) yang diukur oleh perusahaan selama satu periode (Februari-Maret 2007), kadar PV dengan batas maksimum 3% sering mengalami penyimpangan. Melalui pengolahan data serta analisis dengan menggunakan siklus DMAIC, didapatkan Cp sebesar 1,11 dengan nilai DPMO sebesar 3,4. Kata Kunci : Pengendalian Kualitas, Six Sigma, DMAIC, DPMO, SOP, Indeks Kapabilitas Proses One of method used to give solution of corporate internal process standard improvement, whose goal to minimalize defect or nonconforming, so trend of product decrease for each period is six sigma method. Through DMIAC cycle (Define, Measure, Improve, Analyze, and Control) on six sigma, The capability Index (CP) and defect per million opportunities (DPMO) will be knew. This reaserch was be done by PT Salim Invomas Pratama , Bitung, is one of edible oil corporate, one of product is bimoli. From quality characteristic in one period (February-March 2007) . PV content has 3 % as maximum limit. Trough data process and analysis use DMAIC, get 1,11 as CP and 3,4 s DPMO point Keywords :Quality Control, Six Sigma, DMAIC, DPMO, SOP, Indeks Kapabilitas Proces
Silver(I) Fluoride–Calcium Fluoride

(AgF) [7775-41-9] AgF (MW 126.87) InChI = 1S/Ag.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M (CaF2) [7789-75-5] CaF2 (MW 78.08) InChI = 1S/Ca.2FH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 InChIKey = WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L (fluorination reagent,2 useful for conversion of alkyl halides to alkyl fluorides and for halofluorination of alkenes) Form Supplied in: white free-flowing granular powder. Preparative Method: Silver(I) Fluoride is supported on calcium fluoride by slowly evaporating a mixture of silver carbonate, 50% aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid, and CaF2 in water to a dry granular powder.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: highly hydroscopic and light sensitive.
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome Subtypes and Cognitive Profiles

Background The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints, is a simple and easily accessible clinical approach to identify older adults at high risk for transitioning to dementia. This study aims to define subtypes of MCR based on individual quantitative gait variables and to compare their neuropsychological profiles and risk factors as well risk for incident cognitive impairment. Methods MCR was diagnosed in 314 community-residing, nondemented, older adults aged 65 and older (56% women) based on the presence of cognitive complaints and slow gait velocity (MCRv). Four new subtypes of MCR were defined by substituting slow gait with short stride length (MCRsl), slow swing time (MCRsw), high stride length variability (MCRslv), and high swing time variability (MCRswv). MCR subtypes were not mutually exclusive. Results A total of 25 participants (8%) met criteria for MCRv, 20 for MCRsl (6.4%), 15 for MCRsw (4.8%), 16 for MCRslv (5.1%), 12 for MCRswv (3.8%), and 266 participants (84.7%) did not meet criteria for any MCR subtype. At baseline, MCRv was associated with deficits in attention and language as well as in overall cognitive status. MCRswv was associated with deficits in all cognitive domains including memory. Obesity and sedentariness were risk factors of MCRv, MCRsl, and MCRsw. MCRv status predicted incident cognitive impairment in global cognition (odds ratio: 3.59, p = .016), whereas MCRswv status predicted incident cognitive impairment in memory (odds ratio: 4.24, p = .048). Conclusions MCR subtypes based on individual gait parameters show commonalities and differences in cognitive profiles and risk factors. Future studies should investigate whether the MCR subtypes predict different subtypes of dementia.
Explorations in Anthropology and Theology

Explorations in Anthropology and Theology. Frank A. Salamone and Walter Randolph Adams. eds. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1997. 279 pp.
Effect of non-geometric errors on manipulator inertial calibration

Investigated in this paper is the effect of nongeometric errors on manipulator inertial calibration. Nongeometric errors are referred to as joint friction, backlash and compliance. To account for this effect, the total least square (TLS) method and the instrumental variable (IV) method are applied to determine the estimates of the link inertial parameters. Results of simulation show that the TLS and IV methods can improve the accuracy of manipulator inertial calibration when subjected to nongeometric errors.
Hardware and software readiness: A systems approach

This paper describes a new approach to systems readiness by identifying quantitative hardware and software criteria to improve objective and effective decision-making at product shipment. The proposed method expands on previous work done in the software area by including and organizing hardware data. This streamlines various and diverse criteria obtained from existing quality and reliability data into simple metrics and visualizations. This allows for a systems approach to product development by defining a Systems Readiness Index (SRI) that is applicable across products and releases. This approach combines two ideas in quantitative terms: product and process parameters which have been adequately represented to formalize the readiness index. Parameters from all aspects of the hardware and software development life cycle (e.g., requirements, project management & resources, development & testing, audits & assessments, stability and reliability, and technical documentation) that could impact the readiness index are considered.
Tissue-specific insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: lessons from gene-targeted mice.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by genetic and environmental factors that affect the ability of the organism to respond to insulin. This impairment results from decreased insulin action in target tissues and insulin production in (3 cells. Genetic factors play a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the inheritance of diabetes is non-Mendelian in nature because of genetic heterogeneity, polygenic pathogenesis, and incomplete Perretrance. Novel insight into this complex process has been obtained from ‘designer’ mice bearing targeted mutations in genes of the insulin action and insulin secretion pathways. These mutant mice are beginning to challenge established paradigms in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and to shed light on the genetic interactions underlying its complex inheritance. Here we review recent progress in the field and assess its relevance to the pathogenesis of diabetes in humans.
Cytogenetic effects of cis-platinum(II)diamminedichloride on human lymphocyte cultures.

Abstract Human lymphocytes were treated with the antitumor agent cis -platinum(II)-diamminedichloride (PDD) during either the last 24 h or 48 h of incubation. A dose-dependent effect was observed for both inhibition of mitotic activity and increased frequency of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations. The aberrations observed consisted primarily of chromatid breaks. Statistical analysis of 3244 PDD-induced breakpoints demonstrated a significantly non-random distribution of breakpoints between chromosomes. The pattern of distribution varied with the type of aberration. Only chromosome number 9 had a significant increase of breakpoints for each type of aberration analyzed. The breakpoints were located predominantly in lightly staining G-bands. Certain individual bands had relatively high frequencies of breakpoints, indicating a specific interaction occurs between PDD and the DNA of human lymphocytes in vitro.
Germanium-on-SOI photo-detector based on an FET structure

An integrated Ge-on-SOI photodetector with an FET structure, based on secondary photoconductivity is demonstrated. The Ge gate absorbs ~100 nW of 1.55 mum light, thereby modulating the conductance of the Silicon channel by a factor of 25.
Normative Disfluency Data for Early Childhood Stuttering

Although the past 50 years of research on early childhood stuttering and normal disfluency have produced vital information on the general features of disfluent speech behavior of young children, an adequate normative reference for early stuttering does not exist. The purpose of this report is to provide such reference and to provide a basis for clinical needs of differential diagnosis of stuttering from normal disfluency. Data are presented from 90 stuttering children ages 2 to 5 within 6 months of stuttering onset and from 54 age-matched normally fluent children. Means for disfluency types are presented. No significant differences were found for gender or for age. Stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) did differ significantly for the stuttering and fluent groups, but other disfluencies (OD) did not. A weighted SLD is defined to further clarify differences between the groups. The pattern of disfluency types for normally fluent and for mild, moderate, and severe stuttering is presented. Stuttering is shown to be qualitatively as well as quantitatively different from normal disfluency even at the earliest stages of stuttering. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Assessment of Probabilistic Methods for Mistuned Bladed Disk Vibration

In this paper, the accuracy and efficiency of various probabilistic methods are assessed for the vibration analysis of a mistuned bladed disk system with small, random bladeto-blade differences. A quantity of primary engineering interest is examined, namely the maximum resonant response amplitude of any blade in the assembly over a given frequency range. For the purpose of comparing the probabilistic methods, the response amplitude of a specific blade at a given resonant frequency is also considered. Initially, the following methods are applied to analyze the effects of small blade stiffness uncertainties for a lumpedparameter model of a 29-blade rotor: (1) a first-order reliability method (FORM), (2) a second-order reliability method (SORM), (3) an advanced mean value (AMV+) method, (4) a response surface method (RSM) using a moving least squares approach, and (5) a radius-based importance sampling method. In general, these methods do well in predicting the response statistics of a given blade at a given frequency, at least in limited ranges of uncertainties. However, all of these reliability-based methods fail to capture the statistics of the maximum resonant response across the blade assembly, regardless of the range of uncertainties. To circumvent this shortcoming, an accelerated Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) approach is also considered, which involves a combination of a small-sample MCS and a Weibull probability distribution fit. This method is found to predict the statistics of the largest resonant blade response over the blade assembly with great accuracy and efficiency. It is thus better suited to the analysis of bladed disk response statistics than the class of reliability-based probabilistic methods.
Promises, Premises . . . An Alternative View on the Effects of the Shane and Venkataraman 2000 AMR Note:

In this article, we provide a contrasting view to that of the original authors about the impact of their Research Note on the promise of entrepreneurship (ENT) research. We draw on citations in the top general business journals to assess where, how, and why the Note was referenced. This leads to a consideration of issues related to citation “quality” and the various types of “impact” that can exist. In light of such issues related to the Note, and in light of the present state of legitimacy of the field, we argue that the Note may have in fact had a negative impact, specifically on theory development unique to ENT. We conclude with directions for moving forward in fulfilling the promise of the ENT field.
A cross-browser web application testing tool

Web applications have gained increased popularity in the past decade due to the ubiquity of the web browser across platforms. With the rapid evolution of web technologies, the complexity of web applications has also grown, making maintenance tasks harder. In particular, maintaining cross-browser compliance is a challenging task for web developers, as they must test their application on a variety of browsers and platforms. Existing tools provide some support for this kind of test, but developers are still required to identify and fix cross-browser issues mainly through manual inspection. Our WEBDIFF tool addresses the limitations of existing tools by (1) automatically comparing the structural and visual characteristics of web pages when they are rendered in different browsers, and (2) reporting potential differences to developers. When used on nine real web pages, WEBDIFF automatically identified 121 issues, out of which 100 were actual problems. In this demo, we will present WEBDIFF, its underlying technology, and several examples of its use on real applications.
Approaches to Manipulating the Dimensionality and Physicochemical Properties of Common Cellular Scaffolds

A major hurdle in studying biological systems and administering effective tissue engineered therapies is the lack of suitable cell culture models that replicate the dynamic nature of cell-microenvironment interactions. Advances in the field of surface chemistry and polymer science have allowed researchers to develop novel methodologies to manipulate materials to be extrinsically tunable. Usage of such materials in modeling tissues in vitro has offered valuable insights into numerous cellular processes including motility, invasion, and alterations in cell morphology. Here, we discuss novel techniques devised to more closely mimic cell-tissue interactions and to study cell response to distinct physico-chemical changes in biomaterials, with an emphasis on the manipulation of collagen scaffolds. The benefits and pitfalls associated with using collagen are discussed in the context of strategies proposed to control the engineered microenvironment. Tunable systems such as these offer the ability to alter individual features of the microenvironment in vitro, with the promise that the molecular basis of mechanotransduction in vivo may be laid out in future.
Mechanically induced crystallization of metglas Fe78B13Si9 during cryogenic high energy ball milling

Nanocrystalline structures with crystallite size of approximately 2 nm were synthesized during cryogenic ball milling in liquid nitrogen. The crystallization kinetics, studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealed a sigmoidal transformation curve, which may be described by a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami relation. Mechanisms of the mechanical crystallization during cryogenic ball milling were found to be related to bending and wear-like events during milling.
Canalization of surface plasmon polaritons on a graphene sheet with a perturbed ground plane

Canalization of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a layer of suspended graphene is investigated. In the canalization regime (Phys. Rev. B. vol. 71, pp. 193105, 2005), spatial harmonics propagate with the same phase velocity. One application of canalization is in sub-wavelength imaging to overcome the diffraction limit. It is shown that a graphene sheet with anisotropic conductivity can provide a canalization regime with the phase velocity of spatial harmonics being equal to the phase velocity in free space. The anisotropic conductivity is derived by tuning the isofrequency contours for SPPs. Similar to the layered perfect lens introduced in (J. Mod. Optics, vol. 50, pp. 1419–1430, 2003), a composite graphene sheet consisting of strips having complex conductivities with alternating positive and negative imaginary parts provides the anisotropic effective conductivity which is essential for canalization.
Transmitted photon intensity through biological tissues within various time windows.

The intensity of the early-arriving snake portion of 100-fs ultrashort laser pulses transmitted through biological tissue of increasing thickness was measured by a streak camera. The snake photon intensity within the first arrival time interval. Δt was found to decrease exponentially with tissue thickness (z) as I(Δt) = I0A exp[−b(Δt)z/lt], where I0 is the incident laser pulse intensity, lt is the transport mean free path of the medium, and the parameters b and A depend on the time interval Δt. This result shows that the intensity of snake photons decays significantly more slowly than that of ballistic photons as tissue thickness increases.
No Association Found Between Strongyloides Infestation and Asthma

It has been postulated that infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis is associated with asthma. We conducted a case-control study to determine whether the presence of parasites is associated with asthma. We undertook a retrospective analysis of 15,856 stool specimens received by our Parasitology Laboratory from January 1989 to December 1992. The diagnosis of asthma was secured by a chart review or a review of the computer diagnosis coding system. An association between asthma and Strongyloides was tested by calculating an odds ratio, as well as a Fisher's Exact Test to estimate the strength of the relationship. We also prospectively collected stool specimens for Strongyloides in asthmatics hospitalized for acute exacerbations of asthma from January 1992 to January 1993. Of 60 subjects with evidence of Strongyloides in a stool specimen, 6 were asthmatic. Of 203 stool-negative controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity, 13 were asthmatic (odds ratio, 1:62; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-4.4; Fisher's Exac...
Some connections of the posterior thalamus in monkey

Abstract Lesions were made in parietal cortex, temporal operculum, and spinal cord of macaque monkeys. Connections were traced to the posterior thalamus using the Fink-Heimer I or Wiitanen methods. The postcentral gyrus projected strongly to n. ventralis posterior medialis and lateralis, with small projections to n. pulvinaris oralis, n. lateralis posterior, and n. ventralis posterior inferior. At the mesodiencephalic border degeneration was observed in n. geniculatus medialis (pars magnocellularis) and n. suprageniculatus. Parietal operculum projected mainly to n. ventralis posterior lateralis, medialis, and inferior, and to n. pulvinaris oralis and medialis, with lesser connections to n. medialis dorsalis, n. lateralis posterior, n. suprageniculatus, and n. geniculatus medialis (pars magnocellularis and parvocellularis). The superior parietal lobule projected mainly to n. lateralis posterior and n. pulvinaris oralis, with lesser connections to n. ventralis lateralis, n. suprageniculatus, and n. limitans. The rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule provided a small projection to n. lateralis posterior and dorsalis, whereas the caudal part projected heavily to these nuclei and less heavily to n. pulvinaris oralis and medialis, and n. suprageniculatus. The superior temporal gyrus projection to the posterior thalamus was to n. geniculatus medialis (pars magnocellularis and parvocellularis), n. suprageniculatus, and n. pulvinaris oralis and medialis. Spinothalamic fibers terminated in n. posterior lateralis, n. suprageniculatus, n. geniculatus medialis (pars magnocellularis), n. medialis dorsalis, and n. centralis lateralis. A few terminal ramifications were apparent in caudoventral n. pulvinaris oralis. The areas of overlap of ascending and descending connections in the posterior thalamus, exclusive of the primary sensory relay nuclei, were n. geniculatus medialis (pars magnocellularis), n. suprageniculatus, n. limitans, and the caudoventrai part of n. pulvinaris oralis. It is possible that these areas as well as the region of their poorly defined boundaries with n. ventralis posterior lateralis and medialis constitute a nuclear group comparable to the posterior nuclear group of the cat thalamus.
Development of a reconfigurable tool for forming aircraft body panels

Abstract To significantly cut the time and cost of tooling development, a reconfigurable discrete die (that is, matrix of individually actuated pins) is being developed for aircraft fuselage parts made by forming sheet metal or molding of composite materials. Each pin in the die is a simple hydraulic actuator outfitted with an in-line NC solenoid valve to control its vertical position. Pin positions can either be set in a closed or open-loop fashion. Once the pins are “set,” then the entire matrix is clamped into a rigid tool. A single pin was constructed to resolve several design issues, including the removal of trapped air in the hydraulic circuit, prevention of hydraulic leakage, motion control, and quantifying the dynamic frictional forces. Because the performance of the single pin was deemed acceptable, a 4 × 4 test die of similar design has been constructed to establish the frictional interactions between adjacent pins, the workability of the pin matrix clamping scheme, and the feasibility of closed and open-loop control of pin positioning.
Two types of pyriform Ab amacrine cells in the goldfish retina: an EM analysis of [3H]GABA uptake and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity

Pyriform Ab amacrine cells in the goldfish retina take up [3H]GABA and show somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLIR), leading to the question of whether these two markers are labeling the same or different types of Ab amacrine cells. We used a double-label radio/immuno-technique at the electron microscopical level to visualize the comparative location of [3H]GABA uptake and SLIR in Ab amacrine cells and their processes. SLIR was restricted to large dense-cored vesicles in processes of Ab amacrine cells. In no case were processes labeled with SLIR observed to take up [3H]GABA. Thus, there are at least two types of pyriform Ab amacrine cells: one that takes up [3H]GABA and one that shows SLIR. These may correspond to the two types of Ab amacrine cells described by Cajal in his classic studies on the retina.
You Are Where? The Function and Frustration of You-Are-Here (YAH) Maps

Abstract In this article, I define you-are-here (YAH) maps and consider their fundamental characteristics from cartographic and psychological perspectives. I then review the basic phenomenon of the alignment effect, including why it happens and how it may be overcome; I also consider exceptions to the alignment effect. Finally, I briefly note some special issues with YAH maps that arise when a person uses a digital navigation system.
A perturbative study of low-order resonances and chaos in the kinetically coupled two-degree-of-freedom morse system using lie transforms

Abstract The stretching dynamics of ABA triatomics is studied over a range of A/B mass ratios. The origins of global chaos found for certain ratios are discussed. Lie perturbation theory is used to construct Hamiltonians in a form ideally suited to implementing Chirikov's idea that overlapping non-linear resonances lead to chaos.
Control of estrus and pregnancy in dairy heifers treated with Syncro-Mate-B☆☆☆

Abstract Control of estrus in dairy heifers with Syncro-Mate-B was evaluated in five experiments with a total of 393 Holstein heifers. Estradiol-17β at implant removal or gonadotropin releasing hormone 40 hr after implant removal did not cause any beneficial effect on fertility. In heifers implanted on selected days of the estrous cycle, 88.3% of heifers treated with SMB only were in estrus within 5 days of implant removal and fertility was not significantly different from that of control heifers. In heifers implanted at random stages of the estrous cycle, estrus occurred within 5 days of implant removal in 88.7% of 159 SMB treated heifers. First service conception rates (heifers pregnant of heifers inseminated) and pregnancy rates (heifers pregnant of heifers assigned) were 72.7% and 60.8% for heifers inseminated 8 to 16 hr after estrus within 5 days of implant removal, 55.0% and 55.0% for heifers inseminated 48 hr after implant removal without regard to estrus and 71.6% and 67.1% for control heifers inseminated over a 25 day period.
Self-assembling materials for therapeutic delivery

A growing number of medications must be administered through parenteral delivery, i.e., intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection, to ensure effectiveness of the therapeutic. For some therapeutics, the use of delivery vehicles in conjunction with this delivery mechanism can improve drug efficacy and patient compliance. Macromolecular self-assembly has been exploited recently to engineer materials for the encapsulation and controlled delivery of therapeutics. Self-assembled materials offer the advantages of conventional crosslinked materials normally used for release, but also provide the ability to tailor specific bulk material properties, such as release profiles, at the molecular level via monomer design. As a result, the design of materials from the “bottom up” approach has generated a variety of supramolecular devices for biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of self-assembling molecules, their resultant structures, and their use in therapeutic delivery. It highlights the current progress in the design of polymer- and peptide-based self-assembled materials.
Synthesis and breakdown of n-propylmalic acid

Abstract In experiments concerning the enzymic synthesis and breakdown of n -propylmalate by extracts obtained from aerobically-grown, valerate-adapted Escherichia coli , the following observations have been made: 1. 1. The use of [1- 14 C]glyoxylate and n -valeryl-CoA or glyoxylate and [1- 14 C] n -valeryl-CoA results in the formation of labelled n -propylmalic acid. 2. 2. When the enzymic reaction mixture is incubated for long periods of time at pH 7, oxaloacetic acid is also produced. 3. 3. The oxaloacetic acid produced is labelled when the reaction mixture contains [1- 14 C]glyoxylate, but is not labelled when [1- 14 C] n -valeryl-CoA is used. 4. 4. The oxaloacetic acid thus produced has been identified as the cis -enol form of this compound. 5. 5. Oxaloacetic acid is produced from n -propymalate during prolonged incubation periods. 6. 6. From the distribution of radioactivity, it has been postulated that, although the metabolic breakdown of n -propylmalic acid involves a complex pathway, it does not arise from a split of the side chain. 7. 7. Both ATP and CoA are required for the formation of oxaloacetate from n -propylmalic acid.
Genetic obesity in rats. I. The effects of food restriction on body composition and hypothalamic function

Abstract The effect of controlled food intake was compared in genetically obese rats of the “Fatty” (Zucker) strain and lean animals. One group of six Fatty rats were fed ad lib., another six were pair fed to lean controls, and a third group were fed two-thirds the intake of lean animals. All rats were trained to eat in 6 hr each day. Weight gain was abolished in the Fatties fed a restricted diet, but these animals did not reduce their body fat. Fatty rats fed ad lib. or pair fed were more efficient than lean rats in storing calories as fat. Pituitary, ovary, and uterus were significantly smaller in the Fatty rats. Limiting food intake did not restore these organ weights toward normal. Among the three groups of Fatty rats, body weight was positively correlated with the weight of the adrenal, pituitary, ovary, uterus, and liver. Urine volume was higher in the ad-lib. and pair-fed Fatties than in the lean animals but restriction of food intake reduced urine output below controls. The uptake of 125 I by the thyroid was significantly reduced in all groups of Fatties, but thyroid weights did not differ. Serum FSH was higher in the restricted Fatties but LH was not. These studies suggest that previously observed differences in hypothalamic endocrine function do not result from hyperphagia.
INFLUENCE OF LATERAL-LOAD-RESISTING SYSTEM ON THE EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES-A SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION STUDY

SUMMARY Analysis and comparison of the dynamic responses of three well instrumented (with accelerographs) high-rise buildings shaken during the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake are presented. The buildings examined in the present work are (i) the Town Park Towers Apartment building, a 10-storey, concrete shear wall building; (ii) the Great Western Savings and Loan building, a 10-storey building with concrete frames and shear walls; and (iii) the Santa Clara County Office building, a 13-storey, moment-resistant steel frame building. The structures are located within 2 km of each other and, as may be confirmed by visual inspection of the recorded seismograms, experienced similar ground motions. One-dimensional and three-dimensional linear structural models are fitted to the observations using the 'modal minimization method' for structural identification, in order to determine optimal estimates of the parameters of the dominant modes of the buildings. The time-varying character of these parameters over the duration of the response is also investigated. Comparison of the recorded earthquake response of the structures reveals that the type of lateral-load-resisting system has an important effect on the dynamic behaviour of the structures because it controls the spacing of the characteristic modes on the frequency axis. The Santa Clara County Office building has closely spaced natural frequencies and exhibits strong torsional response and modal coupling. Its dynamic behaviour is contrasted with that of the Great Western Savings and Loan building which has well separated natural frequencies and exhibits small torsional response and no modal coupling. Strong modal coupling causes a beating-type phenomenon and makes earthquake response of structures different from that envisioned by codes.
Anodic stripping pulse voltammetry

Summary The anodic oxidation of cadmium amalgam at the hanging mercury drop electrode was studied. Sensitivity was increased about an order of magnitude over conventional stripping methods. Effects of pulse magnitude and potential scan rate in the differential mode were investigated. Very dilute supporting electrolytes could be employed, a major advantage in these sensitive stripping methods.
Global History and Bounded Subjects: A Response to Thomas Bender

Thomas Bender provides a timely and important appeal for historians to more carefully consider "How Wide is the Circle of We," reevaluate the topics of their research, and recognize the multitude of subjects in contemporary political life. He persuasively analyzes the ways in which history has been dominated by the idea of the nation-state, which has served as the privileged site of historical interpretation and narrative throughout the modern era. As Bender points out, the institutional origins of the historical profession were deeply imbricated in the construction of national politics from the nineteenth century onward. The complicity between thinking in historical ways and acting as part of a national subject has had enormous political implications. In the US, for example, narratives of the Civil War undid the promise of postwar reconstruction and postponed repeatedly the complete emancipation of African Americans in order to reconstruct the unity of a divided North and South. Moreover, as a method of research and interpretation, nineteenth-century historicism repeatedly made the case for distinctly national, cultural, and literary traditions. The complicity between history and the nation has been intellectually corrosive in the most general way, as it has elided and subordinated alternative stories that clashed with or might have undermined the advance of the national subject. As a result, history as a discipline has been impoverished for not historicizing the context of its own authority, its intellectual origins, and the essential categories by which its interpretive analysis proceeds. For all these reasons, expanding the contexts of historical study is intellectually sound and morally necessary. The historical record shows that modern citizens of nationstates have always felt themselves to be participants in world history as well as national history. Bender cites the peripatetic Leon Trotsky, who can stand in for the industrious global activism of international Marxism. Christian missionaries also constructed
Ultracold collisions in saturating optical fields: Universal behavior in the entrance channel

We present precise near-dissociation limit measurements of ultracold collision rate constants (trap loss, fine-structure changing, and photoassociative ionization) as a function of trap intensity from ${I}_{\mathrm{sat}}$ to $I\ensuremath{\approx}{40I}_{\mathrm{sat}}$ for Cs and Na atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap. We find strong saturation for all processes at intensities approximately 10 times the free atom saturation level ${I}_{\mathrm{sat}}.$ Our results provide a precise reference point for testing and comparing different theoretical models used to analyze ultracold collisions.
The Donath-Landsteiner autoantibody: The incommensurable languages of early immunologic dispute

Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the Lord did there confound the languages of all the earth. —Genesis 11:9
A hydrogen-rich flame ionization detector sensitive to metals

Abstract A regular flame ionization detector was operated hydrogen-rich by reversing the gas flows such that air and oxygen were fed into the column effluent and the flame burned in a hydrogen atmosphere. In this detector, several metal compounds showed strong response while the signal for carbon was repressed. Ferrocene, tetraethyllead, and tetraethyltin could be detected at the 10, 30, and 20-pg level, respectively, with selectivities over decane of four to five orders of magnitude.
Options for repair of a bicuspid aortic valve and ascending aortic aneurysm.

Abstract Background . Intrinsic abnormality of the aortic wall may explain the association of bicuspid aortic valves with ascending aortic aneurysms. Separate valve and graft repair of such lesions, rather than composite valve graft replacement, is more straightforward but leaves potentially abnormal sinuses behind. Methods . Between January 1985 and January 1998, 45 patients underwent separate valve and graft (n = 27) or composite valve graft (n = 18) for an ascending aortic aneurysm and bicuspid aortic valve. Perioperative events and late results were compared. Results . Patients undergoing separate valve and graft were older (mean age, 60 ± 13 vs 42 ± 12 years, p p = 0.003) than purely regurgitant (11% vs 72%, p p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in operative risk and no known late complications related to recurrent aneurysms. Conclusions . Root replacement with a composite valve graft can be accomplished with low operative risk and is the first choice for repair of this lesion. Separate valve and graft repair, however, yields satisfactory early and late results and remains an acceptable option, especially when the coronary ostea are not displaced or when concomitant procedures must be performed.
Grey-model based ice prediction sensor system on wind turbine system

Ice is an important factor for wind turbine system health monitoring. Ice should be predicted and removed before forming on the blades. If ice forms on the axle, it will give a friction force on the axle and damage the electrical system. The objective of this paper is to design and implement an ice detection sensor system to prevent ice forming on wind turbine. A TI series temperature sensor is chosen to measure the side parameters, input to a grey-model based prediction module to get the predicted values, and send them to LEWICE system to predict the ice shape.
Film School for Slideware: Film, Comics, and Slideshows as Sequential Art

Abstract By studying what comics and film theory suggest about selecting and sequencing images, both regular slideware users and students learning about multimodal communication can find ways to use the software more effectively, creating more productive relationships among their audiences, their slides, and their rhetorical goals. Though some, like designer Edward Tufte, have suggested that programs such as Microsoft PowerPoint are too flawed to be used effectively, it is possible to create rhetorically effective slide presentations that make excellent use of visual design and take audience response into account, a fact reflected in the commentary of professional presenters and designers like Seth Godin, Nancy Duarte, and Garr Reynolds. By joining their advice to the observations of visual communication theorists such as Lev Kuleshov, Roland Barthes, and Scott McCloud, it is possible to improve slideware presentations not only on a slide-by-slide basis but also at the level of the sequence, where multiple slides work together to convey meanings and create significant audience-speaker interactions. To take note of the family resemblances among slideware, film, and comics as sequential visual forms is to begin to unlock the greater potential of slideware applications like Microsoft PowerPoint.
Communications and Control--A Natural Linkage for SWARM

We present a simple distributed concept that appears to insinuate SWARM behavior in a collection of mobile platforms. The control is based on the inter-mobile platform communication links' signal-to-noise ratio. This double use of communications is a natural linkage for SWARM behavior.
Increased content of calmodulin in human leukemia cells

The content of calmodulin, as measured by a radioimmunoassay, in homogenates of two human leukemic cell lines (IM9 and Molt-4) was about 10-fold higher than that of normal human peripheral lymphocytes. These elevated calmodulin levels existed regardless of the proliferation status of the cells. Normal human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (con A) did not exhibit these elevated calmodulin levels. Likewise, leukemic cells which were 'blocked' from dividing through the addition of thymidine did not exhibit lower or 'normal' cellular calmodulin levels. These increased levels of calmodulin could contribute to the altered calcium regulation which exists in human leukemic lymphocytes.
Evaluation of the relative contribution of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite to the suppression of mitochondrial respiration in immunostimulated macrophages using a manganese mesoporphyrin superoxide dismutase mimetic and peroxynitrite scavenger

Abstract Here we report that the cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP) inhibits the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine-123 by peroxynitrite, but does not scavenge nitric oxide (NO). MnTBAP protects against the suppression of mitochondrial respiration in J774 cells exposed to peroxynitrite or to NO donors. MnTBAP and N G - methyl - l - arginine provide additive protective effect against the suppression of respiration in immunostimulated cells. Our data suggest separate contributions of NO and peroxynitrite to the suppression of mitochondrial respiration and support the role of oxidative stress in the expression of the inducible isoform of NO synthase.
Cystic disorders of the kidney in children

Summary Paediatric renal cystic disorders comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases which produce significant morbidity and mortality. The complexity of these chronic diseases in the developing child necessitates a comprehensive team approach to management involving the primary care physician, the nephrologist and other subspecialists, nursing, nutritional support, and social services. With continued advances in paediatric dialysis and in the treatment of other ESRD complications such as growth failure, renal osteodystrophy, and chronic anemia, patient prognosis has improved greatly. Further elucidation of the genetics of cystic diseases holds promise for future improvements in the diagnostic evaluation and therapy for these children.
Diversifying selection governs sequence polymorphism in the major adhesin proteins fimA, papA, and sfaA of Escherichia coli.

Fimbriae or pili are essential adherence factors usually found in pathogenic bacteria to aid colonization of host cells. Three major structural pilin genes, fimA, sfaA, and papA, from Escherichia coli natural isolates were examined and nucleotide sequence data revealed elevated levels of both synonymous and nonsynonymous site variation at these loci. Examination of synonymous site variation shows a fivefold increase in fimA sites, relative to the housekeeping gene mdh; and similarly the sfaA and papA genes have increased synonymous sites variation relative to fimA. Nonsynonymous site variation is also elevated at all three loci but, in particular, at the papA locus (kN= 0.44). The kN/kS ratio for the three genes are among the highest yet reported for E. coli genes. Regional variation in nucleotide polymorphism within each of the genes reveal hypervariable segments where nonsynonymous substitutions exceed synonymous substitutions. We propose that at the fimA, papA, and sfaA genes, diversifying selection has brought about the increase levels of polymorphism.
Spectrophotometric and voltage clamp characterization of monolayers of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers

Abstract Bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been spread on an air/aqueous interface, compressed, and transferred quantitatively to either glass or transparent, tin oxide-coated slides. These assemblies permit the concomitant measurement of both optical and electrical activities to be made on protein films under voltage-clamp conditions. Optical spectra of the monolayer-coated slides reveal characteristic reaction center absorptions. Linear dichroism spectra of the monolayers indicate that the reaction center is aligned on the air/aqueous interface with an angle of inclination which is essentially the same as it is with respect to the membrane plane in vivo. The kinetics of the light-induced absorbance changes of the reaction center in the deposited films are essentially unaltered from those in solution; however, there is some loss in the extent of photochemical activity. Measurement of the light-induced electrical transients shows capacitative charging and discharging currents, which can be readily associated with the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll dimer to ubiquinone electron transfer. The extent of the photochemical activity detected by the voltage-clamp is at best only 10–12% of that measured by optical assay. This suggests that on the air/aqueous interface, the reaction centers must be predominately oriented with opposing directions of electron transfer, having only a slight, variable tendency to align with the ubiquinone directed toward the aqueous phase. In spite of the present shortcomings, these assemblies appear to be uniquely useful to study the effect of clamped potentials on the kinetics and mechanisms of electron transfer.
Isolation of cell surface proteins by hybridization.

Abstract Human erythrocytes were treated with the diazonium salt of oligodeoxythymidylic acid 5′- p -aminophenylphosphate, a reagent that does not penetrate the plasma membrane. Ghosts were isolated, and the oligomers, covalently linked at their 5′ ends to the outer surface of the membrane, were extended by treatment with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in the presence of deoxythymidine triphosphate. The membranes were dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and complexes containing cell surface components were isolated by hybridization to polyriboadenylic acid-agarose. The cell surface components were regenerated by treatment with nuclease P 1 in the presence of Triton X100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels of the regenerated material showed bands III, PAS-1, PAS-2, and PAS-3, i.e. the major proteins known to be accessible at the outer surface of the human erythrocyte. The method should be useful for the isolation of surface components in other cell types.
Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle induced by a creatine antagonist

Abstract To evaluate the essentiality of creatine and phosphocreatine for the maintenance of the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle, chicks were fed a creatine antagonist, β-guanidinobutyric acid (β-GBA), as 2% of a Chow diet. Chicks fed β-GBA exhibited growth retardation and weakness, and they accumulated large amounts of a monosubstituted guanidino compound, presumably β-GBA, in their skeletal muscles. After 2 wk, there was a 74% decrease in the uptake of [ 14 C]-1-creatine into pectoralis muscles of chicks fed β-GBA. After 3 wk there was a significant decrease in phosphocreatine concentrations in pectoralis muscles from 20.1 ± 2.8 μmoles per g wet weight (mean ± S.D.) for 8 control chicks to 16.5 ± 2.5 for 7 chicks fed β-GBA. Selected fibers of the pectoralis and gastrocnemius muscles of chicks fed β-GBA exhibited ultrastructural abnormalities including loss of thick and thin filaments, disruption of the Z band, dilated mitochondria, and dilated and displaced sarcoplasmic reticulum. The pectoralis muscles of chicks given 6% creatine in addition to 2% β-GBA in the diet accumulated little β-GBA, maintained normal phosphocreatine concentrations, and exhibited no significant ultrastructural abnormalities. These findings are the first experimental evidence that high concentrations of phosphocreatine are essential for the maintenance of the ultrastructural integrity of skeletal muscle.