cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Butterfat in Nutrition and in Atherosclerosis: A Review

Summary In summary, it has been shown that the triglyceride, as well as the fatty acid composition, of butterfat is different from other edible fats. This difference in triglyceride structure seems to contribute to the superior nutritional value of thermally oxidized butterfat. It has also been pointed out that the total caloric intake and the ratio of dietary protein to dietary fat may be more important to serum cholesterol levels than soft or hard fats.
Immunohistochemical distribution of pro-somatostatin-related peptides in hippocampus ☆

By using immune sera which recognize one or more of the 3 peptides, somatostatin-14 (SS14), somatostatin-28 (SS28) and somatostatin-28(1-12) (SS28(1-12)) we have characterized their immunohistochemical distribution in the hippocampal formation. There exist at least two independent neuronal systems containing pro-somatostatin-related peptides: an intrinsic system of cells in the polymorphic layers which branch locally, and a dense terminal field in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus that may constitute a portion of the entorhinal-dentate projection. In addition, SS28 is the dominant form present in cell bodies, whereas SS28(1-12) is preferentially localized in neuronal processes and terminals. We could not detect SS14 immunohistochemically.
Modelling complex manufacturing systems using discrete event simulation

Abstract This paper presents an approach in simulating complex manufacturing systems. The approach is founded on developing several general purpose simulation generators for an assembly station, a manufacturing cell, and an inventory transfer function. These simulation generators can then be linked together to create a model of a complex manufacturing system. A typical manufacturing system is modelled using these simulation generators and the results summarized.
Validation and visualization of two-dimensional optical spectroscopic imaging of cerebral hemodynamics

Perfusion-based functional brain imaging techniques such as fMRI and optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging are becoming increasingly important in both neuroscience research and intraoperative brain mapping. Recent studies have applied a spectroscopic approach to OIS imaging data, which we will call "two-dimensional optical spectroscopy" (2DOS), generating images of functional changes in hemoglobin oxygenation and blood volume. This improvement comes at the cost of several assumptions. Whereas the "gold standard" technique of fiber spectroscopy decomposes reflected light over a spectral axis, 2DOS retains both spatial dimensions by acquiring images at several wavelengths, sacrificing spectral resolution for the extra spatial dimension. Furthermore, 2DOS data are acquired interleaved within or between trials, but combined during the spectroscopic analysis as if acquired simultaneously. Thus far, the few studies employing this approach have assumed both that the reduced spectral resolution is tolerable, and that sufficient trial averaging can compensate for the temporally staggered data acquisition. To test these assumptions, we compared 2DOS results to those produced by traditional fiber spectroscopy by observing the hemodynamic response to hindpaw electrical stimulation over primary somatosensory cortex in anesthetized rats. Comparisons revealed low fitting residuals and a high level of correlation between the two, but noteworthy differences in response magnitudes. Inspection of individual timecourses revealed a lower signal-to-noise ratio for 2DOS data. For visualization and interpretation of the 2DOS images, we present a parameterized visualization strategy, in which oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin are assigned to individual color channels. The resulting composite image conveniently displays the evolution of hemodynamic responses through parenchymal and vascular compartments in space and time.
The use of pessaries

Abstract Pessaries find a useful, though limited field in gynecologic practice. Two general types are in common use, those which hold a retroposed uterus in forward position after bimanual replacement, and those which elevate a prolapsed uterus in the pelvis. A properly fitted instrument should cause no discomfort to the patient; it should be cleansed and replaced once a month on an average in order to prevent irritation to the vagina and a daily douche should be applied. The fitting of a pessary is a simple procedure if certain general principles described in the text are followed.
A 2.5nJ/bit multiband (MBAN & ISM) transmitter for IEEE 802.15.6 based on a hybrid polyphase-MUX/ILO based modulator

This paper describes a 802.15.6 compliant 2360-2484MHz multiband transmitter that digitally multiplexes the appropriate phases from an 800MHz poly-phase filter output to generate π/4 DQPSK signals at 2.4GHz. Modulation at 1/3 rd the RF frequency reduces the transmitter power consumption and enables channel selection using a PLL running at 800MHz. The prototype transmitter consumes 2.4mW while delivering -10dBm RF power at the TX output resulting in an energy efficiency of 2.5nJ/bit at 1.2Mbps. The measured RMS EVM for π/4 DQPSK modulation is 3.21%.
Targeting Financial Influential by Means of the Decision-Making Process

ABSTRACT This study empirically examines the pre-purchase behavior of financial opinion leaders. Respondent information for the study was obtained from National Family Opinion Research, Inc. panel members who had recently moved and faced decisions concerning a new financial services provider. A multivariate nominal analysis model was developed which significantly predicted interpersonal communication group categories with independent variables representing the stages of consumer decision-making. Results indicate that problem recognition, search, and choice stages are important areas of differences across the interpersonal categories. Findings also suggest the existence of different patterns in the overall decision process for opinion leaders versus nonopinion leaders. Strategic implications of the study for financial institutions are discussed.
SEXUAL TRENDS IN FEMALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODISM

OUR recent decision to reverse the sex of 2 female pseudohermaphrodites with adrenal cortical hyperplasia by plastic repair of the phallus (1) made imperative a detailed study of previous experience of others with the course of the disease. We made 2 children into boys because we felt that the masculinization was progressive, as indicated by increased bone age, advanced secondary sex characteristics and elevated 17-ketosteroid excretion, and that it seemed advisable for the children to be reared in the sex into which each would best fit physically, socially, and therefore psychologically. MATERIAL Records of 149 patients reported in the literature since 1816 have been reviewed and tabulated. Five cases which we have ourselves observed are included in the tables. This material was arbitrarily divided into two groups. Data on all patients reported upon after the age of 15 are assembled in Table 1; those cases reported before the patient reached the age of 15 are listed in Table 2. The reason for the separat...
Individuality and baby care.

SUMMARY Each baby manifests his own characteristic attributes of temperament; each has a recognisable behavioral style. Such styles can be evaluated in terms of nine categories of primary reactivity: activity level; rhythmicity; approach or withdrawal; adaptability; intensity of reaction; threshold of responsiveness; quality of mood; distractibility; attention span and persistence. Distinctive patterns of behavior in children reflect the interaction of hereditary endowment and environmental stimuli. Three major patterns are characterised by the ‘easy’ child, the ‘difficult’ child, and the ‘slow to warm up’ child. Recognition of temperamental attributes makes it possible to construct a positive parent-child interaction. RESUME Individualite et soins au bebe Chaque bebe presente ses propres manifestations de temperament; chacun a un style de comportement reconnaissable; de tels styles peuvent etre evalues en termes de neuf categories de reactivite primaire: niveau d'activite, rythmicite, approche ou retrait, adaptability, intensite de reaction, seuil de reponse, qualite de l'humeur, distiactibilite, temps d'attention et concentration. Des types differents de comportement chez l'enfant traduisent l'interaction du potentiel hereditaire et des stimuli de l'environnement. Trois groupements principaux sont carac-teristiques de l'enfant facile, de l'enfant difficile, de l'enfant lent a se mettre en train. La reconnaissance de ces differents temperaments rend possible d'etablir une interaction parents-enfants positive. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Individualitat und Sauglingspflege Jeder Saugling zeigt seine eigenen charakteristischen Personlichkeitsmerkmale; jeder hat einen erkennbaren Verhaltensstil. Solche Eigenarten konnen mit Hilfe von neun Eigenschaften ausgewertet werden: Aktivitatsstufe; Rhythmik; Annaherung oder Abkehrung; Anpassung; Intensitat der Reaktionen; Schwelle des Ansprechens; Stimmung; Verwirrbarkeit; Anhalten der Aufmerksamkeit und Ausdauer. Unterschiedliche Verhaltensformen bei Kindern spiegeln die Verflechtung der ererbten Anlagen mit den Reizen der Umgebung wider. Drei Hauptgruppen werden vom ‘guten’ Kind, dem ‘schwierigen’ Kind und von dem Kind, ‘mit dem man schlecht warm wird’ gestellt. Die Erkennung der Personlichkeitsmerkmale ermdglicht den Aufbau eines positiven Eltern-Kind-Verhaltnisses. RESUMEN Individualidad y cuidado del nino Cada nino manifiesta sus propias caracteristicas de temperamento; cada uno tiene estilo personal de comportamiento bien reconoscible. Estos estilos pueden ser evaluados en teiminos de nueve categorias: reactividad primaria, nivel de actividad, ritmicidad, acercamiento o retirada, adaptabilidad, intensidad de reaction, dintel de respuesta, cualidad de caracter, distractibilidad, atencidn, persistencia. Los distintos patrones de comportamiento en los niftos reflejan la interaccion de factores hereditarios y estimulos ambientales. Se distinguen tres patrones fundamentales: el nino ‘facil’; el ‘dificil’ y el que ‘tarda en reaccionar’. El reconocimiento de los atributos temperamentales hace posible construir una interaccion padres-nino positiva.
Buoyant density separation of human blood cells in renografin gradients.

Abstract Renografin, because of its high density and low viscosity, has been shown to be suitable as a supporting medium for the construction of continuous density gradients. The conditions necessary for the isopycnic banding of cells were determined, initially, using human erythrocytes. In the order of increasing density, human blood cells were separated into relatively pure bands of nongranular leucocytes, erythrocytes, and granulocytes. Their relative positions in the gradient were affected, however, by the high osmolarity of Renografin. Renografin is not cytotoxic and does not aggregate cells. It has the additional advantages of being stable, readily obtained in sterile ampoules, and inexpensive.
Cumulant generating function of codeword lengths in optimal lossless compression

This paper analyzes the distribution of the code- word lengths of the optimal lossless compression code without prefix constraints both in the non-asymptotic regime and in the asymptotic regime. The technique we use is based on upper and lower bounding the cumulant generating function of the optimum codeword lengths. In the context of prefix codes, the normalized version of this quantity was proposed by Campbell in 1965 as a generalized average length. We then use the one- shot bounds to analyze the large deviations (reliability function) and small deviations (normal approximation) of the asymptotic fundamental limit in the case of memoryless sources. In contrast to other approaches based on the method of types or the Berry- Essinequality, we are able to deal with sources with infinite alphabets. PX(x) is the information in x (with respect to PX ). The mean and variance of {X(X) are the entropy H(X) and varentropy V (X), respectively. Customar- ily, H1(X) = H(X) (which coincides with lim !1H (X), provided H 0(X) < 1 for some 0 < 1). Furthermore, H1(X) = minx2X {X(x). For a discrete random variable X PX and 2 (0; 1), the -scaled version of X, denoted X , is defined by the relation
Inhibition of TLR3 and TLR4 function and expression in human dendritic cells by helminth parasites

Patent lymphatic filariasis is characterized by antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness with diminished IFN-γ and IL-2 production and defects in dendritic cell (DC) function. Because Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in pathogen recognition and TLR expression is diminished on B and T cells of filaria-infected individuals, we examined the effect of live microfilariae (mf) on expression and function of TLRs in human DCs. We show that mf-exposed monocyte-derived human DCs (mhDCs) demonstrate marked diminution of TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA expression compared with mf-unexposed mhDCs that translated into loss of function in response to appropriate TLR ligands. Exposure to mf significantly down-regulated production of IFN-α, MIP-1α, IL-12p70, and IL-1α following activation with poly I:C, and of IL-12p40 following activation with poly I:C or LPS. mRNA expression of MyD88, the adaptor molecule involved in TLR4 signaling, was significantly diminished in mhDCs after exposure to mf. Moreover, mf interfered with NF-κB activation (particularly p65 and p50) following stimulation with poly I:C or LPS. These data suggest that mf interfere with mhDC function by altering TLR expression and interfering with both MyD88-dependent signaling and a pathway that ultimately diminishes NF-κB activity. This down-regulated NF-κB activity impairs mhDC-produced cytokines needed for full T-cell activation.
Joint Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Two CFD Codes on Commodity Clusters

The performance analysis of computational fluid dynamics code can yield unexpected results, and translating the performance data into code improvements is not always a straightforward task. A possible approach for increasing comprehension is to look at the performance of multiple codes simultaneously. In this manner, differences in the codes may be connected to differences in the performance, allowing for the better methodology to be adopted across the codes. This paper presents such a comparative analysis for two CFD codes, the structured two-dimensional code GHOST and the unstructured two-/three-dimensional code UNCLE, both in-house codes at the University of Kentucky. These codes are used regularly across several commodity cluster platforms, two of which are briefly described. This paper presents the initial performance evaluation of these codes followed by a discussion of some of the optimization techniques applied and the resulting changes in performance.
Congenital rectourethral fistula with hypospadias and five ureters.

Abstract A patient with a congenital rectourethral fistula with hypospadias and five ureters is reported.
COMPUTER CONSULTATION IN NEUROLOGY: SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE EVALUATIONS OF THE "NEUROLOGIST" SYSTEM

NEUROLOGIST is a computer system for clinical consultation in neurology. The system's strategy is patterned after the 'localize first' paradigm of the expert neurologist. The system gives explanations of its conclusions, including drawings of neurologic lesions. It currently covers 130 diagnoses and is readily expandable. In this paper the NEUROLOGIST system is described and results of objective and subjective evaluations are presented and discussed. Directions for improvement and expansion of the present system are outlined.
Performance of police first responders in utilizing automated external defibrillation on victims of sudden cardiac arrest.

Objective. Rates of resuscitation from cardiac arrest are directly tied to time to defibrillation. To maximize results, the first arriving care provider should be equipped and trained to defibrillate. This would include police in those systems where they serve this function; to date, no training program has been examined for effectiveness in this group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a training program designed to train police first respondes in the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). Methods. One hundred seventy police officers previously trained to the level of first responders underwent a four-hour course to teach incorporation of the AED in their practice. The evaluation of police performance was assessed by written tests prior to, immediately after, and six months post initial training. Actual field use was evaluated by using separate data collection forms filled out at the time of the resuscitation by both police and EMS providers. Each trip sheet was also reviewed. Cassette...
The effects of BMP6 overexpression on adipose stem cell chondrogenesis: Interactions with dexamethasone and exogenous growth factors.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent progenitors that can be chondrogenically induced by growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6). We hypothesized that non-viral transfection of a BMP-6 construct (pcDNA3-BMP6) would induce chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs encapsulated in alginate beads and that differentiation would be enhanced by the presence of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) or the combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), collectively termed expansion factors (EFs). Chondrogenesis was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for types I, II, and X collagen, aggrecan, and BMP6. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies for types I, II, and X collagen and chondroitin-4-sulfate. BMP6 overexpression alone induced a moderate chondrogenic response. The inclusion of EFs promoted robust type II collagen expression but also increased type I and X collagen deposition, consistent with a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. Early gene expression data indicated that DEX was synergistic with BMP-6 for chondrogenesis, but immunohistochemistry at 28 days showed that DEX reduced glycosaminoglycan accumulation. These results suggest that chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs depends on complex interactions among various growth factors and media supplements, as well as the concentration and duration of growth factor exposure.
The Significance of Voltage and Wave Duration of the Stimuli in Electromicturition, Induced by Pelvic Nerve Stimulation in Dogs

The pelvic nerves of 15 male dogs were stimulated 12 times at 15 minute intervals. The electrical signals ranged from 2-4 volts, and in each voltage wave duration of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 4 ms were investigated. Six dogs served as controls and were stimulated 12 times with the same signal. The effect of the electrical stimulations were judged by measuring the bladder pressure and the residual content of the bladder. As expected, a drop in residual volume together with an increase in voiding pressure was found when changing from a low voltage to a higher one. Concerning the wave duration we found a drop in residual volume and an increase in voiding pressures from 0.1 to 0.5 ms duration at each voltage level. A further increase of the wave duration did not cause any significant change in the effectiveness of the bladder contractions.
The Mystery of Property Rights: A U.S. Perspective

Economic development requires both secure property rights and the ability to reallocate property in response to technological and other changes. Significant reallocations have occurred repeatedly throughout U.S. history and have often been involuntary. This essay considers the question of how property rights can be subject to frequent involuntary reallocation and still be considered secure. “Upon the sacredness of property civilization itself depends—the right of the laborer to his hundred dollars in the savings bank, and equally the legal right of the millionaire to his millions.”1Andrew Carnegie
Excited states and photochemistry of saturated molecules. The 1B1(1T2) surface in silane

Abstract The potential energy surface for the lowest (1T 2 ) singlet state of silane is examined using a split valence basis set, augmented by a set of diffuse functions The (initially Rydberg) state is found to dissociate with no barrier to a valence state of silylene. The nature of the avoided crossings along the “dissociation path” are discussed.
Scope, characteristics, and use of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's intramural research

This article presents for the first time a portrait of intramural research conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). We describe the nature, characteristics, and use of USDA research based on scientometric indicators using patent analysis and three bibliometric methods: publication analysis, citation analysis, and science mapping. Our analyses are intended to be purely descriptive in nature. They demonstrate that USDA maintains several core scientific competencies and its research is much broader than and reaches well beyond traditional agricultural sciences for which it is best known. We illustrate the current status, recent trends, and clear benchmarks for planning and assessing future USDA research across an array of scientific disciplines.
Is the use of radiation therapy after mastectomy cost-effective?

With the publication of two randomized trials showing an improvement in overall survival after the use of postmastectomy radiation therapy, interest in the use of radiation therapy in this setting has been rekindled. These results are in contrast to those reported in the most recent meta-analysis of the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, in which a statistically significant survival benefit was not detected. Although evidence of a survival benefit was sufficient in the past for an intervention to gain acceptance, payers are increassingly interested in knowing whether its use is also cost-effective. This article briefly reviews the methods used in performing cost-effectiveness analyses, summarizes the results of one published and a second preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis of postmastectomy radiation therapy, and highlights severel areas for future research
Intrinsic viscosity of polystyrene in mixed solvents

The intrinsic viscosity of a single sample of polystyrene was measured as a function of the composition of solvent in three mixed solvent pairs. The parameter Y introduced by Shultz and Flory was useful for prediction of trends, but severely overestimated the effect of solvent (1)–solvent (2) interaction on the expansion of polymer coils. The system polystyrene–cyclohexane–ethyl acetate was studied in detail for five samples of polystyrene. The analysis of the data provided strong experimental proof of a strict validity of the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada relation. The dependence of the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada exponent α on the composition of the solvent mixture was unexpectedly unsymmetrical. The unperturbed dimentions of the polystyrene chain are reduced by specific interaction of polystyrene with carbonyl groups in the solvent mixture.
Neutron-proton form factors. II

In a recent letter we suggested that the momentum dependence of the exact meson propagator may be responsible for the dipole-like behavior of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors over the limited range of data available. In this paper we extend the analysis to include more than one vector-meson propagator, and, by assuming a simplified form for the imaginary part of the level shift, we calculate the form factors explicitly. The nucleon electromagnetic form-factor data are fitted for momentum transfer to $2\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ assuming just one isovector-vector meson and two isoscalar-vector mesons. The resulting fit is much better than that obtained using the dipole formula, and min ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ occurs for values of the masses and widths of the vector mesons close to the experimental values of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$, $\ensuremath{\omega}$, and $\ensuremath{\phi}$ resonances. The six independent meson-nucleon coupling constants are determined. Their values are consistent with the assumption that the nucleon charge and the magnetic moment distributions are extended, that is, that there are no hard-core contributions to the form factors. This assumption completely determines the isovector coupling constants and reduces the number of independent coupling constants to two. The pion and kaon charge form factors, as deduced from the nucleon charge form factors assuming universality, are compared with the available data. The pion form factors fit the data in both the spacelike and the timelike regions, including the resonance shape for the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ contribution to the pion form factor. The kaon form-factor data disagree with the assumption of universality in both the spacelike and timelike regions.
Donor level in a quasi-two dimensional heterojunction system

A variational method is used to investigate the ground state of an electron bound to a donor impurity near a single semiconductor heterointerface by considering the influence of a realistic heterojunction potential and the screened Coulombic impurity potential. The screening effect is considered within the random phase approximation. A one subband model is adopted to describe the behavior of the conduction electrons in the potential. The impurity state binding energy is obtained numerically for the GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs (0.2<x<0.4) system. It is found that the screening effect dramatically decreases the impurity state binding energy which is influenced obviously by the barrier potential and the conduction band bending. The binding energy obtained versus Al concentration, electron density, and impurity position is given and discussed.
Investigation of accident-generated aerosols: releases from free fall spills

Safety assessments and environmental impact statements for facilities require an estimation of airborne releases. Aerosols generated by accidents are being investigated to develop the source terms for these releases. The lower boundary accidental release event would be a free fall spill of powders or liquids in static air. Experiments measured the mass airborne and particle size distribution of these aerosols as a function of source size and spill height. Spill height and source size were significant in releases of both powders and liquids. Releases can be estimated using the relationship of source quantity and spill height. If definitive information is not available, the weight % of source initially airborne from a spill in static air can be estimated as 0.12% for powder and an order of magnitude lower for liquid. Powder median aerodynamic equivalent diameters ranged from 6 to 26.5 µm; liquids 4.1 to 34 m. All of the spills produced a significant fraction of respirable particles 10 µm and less.
Trophic transfer of a sediment-associated organophosphate pesticide from meiobenthos to bottom feeding fish

Experiments were conducted to examine the dynamics of a sediment-associated pesticide azinphosmethyl (APM) using a sublethal benthic based trophic transfer model (meiobenthic copepods to juvenile fish). Two predominant pathways for contaminant transfer during feeding, prey ingestion and sediment ingestion, were examined to determine their relative contributions to APM transfer and subsequent effects on fish brain AChE inhibition. Experiments were conducted in 1993 and in 1994. Field collected benthic copepods were exposed to 14-C labeled APM, a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, in sediments for 96 h. APM burdens were measured in the copepods, and these contaminated copepods were fed to the juvenile fish predator Leiostomus xanthurus in uncomtaminated sediments. After gut clearance, fish were examined for brain AChE activity and APM residues in the liver, heart, gut, muscle, gill, and remains. Similar experiments were conducted in which meals of uncontaminated copepods were fed to spot in APM contaminated sediments, to determine the relative contribution of contaminated sediments to APM transfer. Copepods exposed to APM at a mean sediment concentration of 1223 ng/g dry weight accumulated APM at the level of 2.5 μg/g dry tissue. Brain AChE activity was significantly depressed (23%) in the 1993 fish fed one meal of contaminated copepods, however there was no significant decline in AChE activity in the fish tested during 1994. APM accumulation in fish feeding in contaminated sediments was generally greater than in fish feeding on contaminated prey. Significant accumulation was found in bodily remains, gills, gut, and muscle in fish that fed in contaminated sediments. No significant APM accumulation was found in fish fed the contaminated copepods.
Growth and recovery of α-Sn on InSb(001) using He scattering and LEED

Abstract The deposition and growth of pseudomorphic α-Sn has been studied on InSb(001) using He scattering and LEED. The InSb gave a (1 × 4) reconstruction which changed to a (1 × 1) structure for a monolayer of α-Sn. The growth process was followed using the intensity of the (00) He peak as a function of coverage (as in RHEED) and the shapes of these curves were used to interpret the events. Recovery curves (for different coverages and surface temperatures) show times similar to those observed by RHEED and the times indicate that growth and recovery are concurrent phenomena. Recovery curves for very low coverages ~ 0.5%, are thought to observe the process of local reconstruction towards the α-Sn structure. Finally, the effects of ion bombardment on InSb as well as the deposition of α-Sn are briefly presented.
Convergence rates for exponential interpolation series

Abstract An analysis of the rate of convergence is made for the interpolation series based on the biorthogonal system ( n Δ )ƒ(0) and e n (z) = Δ n x z ¦ x−1 , which was recently shown to be convergent for certain entire functions of exponential type. An error bound is obtained which is shown to vary as a negative power of the number of terms in the partial sum. Comparison is made with numerical calculations in a few simple cases and certain practical applications are mentioned.
A kinetic model of vehicular traffic and its associated bimodal equilibrium solutions

Abstract Traffic flow in a single lane (no passing) with all vehicles having the same desired speed is considered, with a view toward developing a kinetic equation in which speeding-up interactions are treated in the same fundamental manner as traditionally has been the case for slowing-down interactions. Such a kinetic equation is developed, based upon a specific correlation model expressing the leading-vehicle distribution function in terms of the single-vehicle distribution function and a specific mechanical model describing the circumstances and manner in which drivers change speeds in response to their situation vis-a-vis the vehicle immediately ahead of them. The mechanical model employs an extension (the generalized vehicular chaos hypothesis) of the limited form of the vehicular chaos hypothesis that classically has been employed for the term representing slowing-down interactions. The distributions that represent (local) equilibrium solutions of this equation on the time scale of interactions of ...
Uptake and efflux of calcium by canine coronary arteries and the action of adenosine.

The effect of adenosine was studied on the efflux and uptake of45Ca by canine coronary arteries (O.D.<1 mm) using standard isotope flux techniques. Adenosine (10−4 M) did not reduce the uptale of45Ca by coronary arteries incubated in normal physiological solution and had an insignificant effect on the increased45Ca uptake due to high [K+]0. However, adenosine (10−4 M) significantly (P<0.001) inhibited the elevated45Ca efflux that was induced by K+ depolarization (150 mM) and abolished the transient rise in efflux rate produced by aminophyllie (10−3 M). Aminophylline had no significant effect on the uptake of45Ca. This study suggest that the vasodilator action of adenosine may be related to a reduction of release or an increased binding of calcium which is superficially stored. It also indicates that the antagonism between adenosine and aminophylline in the coronary blood vessels may not involve calcium influx.
An efficient algorithm to allocate shelf space

Abstract Shelf space is one of the most important resources of a retail firm. This paper formulates a model and proposes an approach which is similar to the algorithm used for solving a knapsack problem. Subject to given constraints, the proposed heuristic allocates shelf space item by item according to a descending order of sales profit for each item per display area or length. Through the use of simulations, the performances of objective value and the computational efficiency of this method are evaluated. Three options are also proposed for improving the heuristics. Compared to an optimal method, the improved heuristic is shown to be a very efficient algorithm which allocates shelf space at near-optimal levels.
Outside director compensation policy and the investment opportunity set

Abstract We investigate the relation between outside director compensation and the investment opportunities of firms. The sample of cases is drawn from the period 1996 to 2001. We find that elements of outside director compensation are significantly related to the investment opportunity set. Firms with more investment opportunities pay a higher level of compensation to their outside directors than firms with fewer investment opportunities. In addition to paying more total compensation, firms with greater investment opportunities compensate directors more heavily with stock-based forms of compensation than with cash. The result is consistent with the hypothesis that board compensation policy is designed to: (1) attract directors whose marginal productivity interacts with the investment opportunities of the firm to produce the maximal gain, and (2) mitigate agency problems. We also document a positive relation between total compensation of outside directors and firm size. A separate analysis indicates the results are economically significant. We conclude that firms pay more and emphasize incentive-based compensation to motivate outside directors to act in the interests of shareholders when the costs of monitoring are high.
Cycle Covers of Planar 2-Edge-Connected Graphs

A graph with n vertices is said to have a small cycle cover provided its edges can be covered with at most (2n ? 1)/3 cycles. Bondy [2] has conjectured that every 2-connected graph has a small cycle cover. In [3] Lai and Lai prove Bondy's conjecture for plane triangulations. In [1] the author extends this result to all planar 3-connected graphs, by proving that they can be covered by at most (n + 1)/2 cycles. In this paper we show that Bondy's conjecture holds for all planar 2-connected graphs. We also show that all planar 2-edge-connected graphs can be covered by at most (3n ? 3)/4 cycles and we show an infinite family of graphs for which this bound is attained.
Microphthalmia transcription factor is a target of the p38 MAPK pathway in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand signaling

Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) activates signaling pathways that regulate osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival. The microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is required for terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. To determine whether MITF could be a target of RANKL signaling, a phosphospecific MITF antibody directed against conserved residue Ser307, a potential mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) site, was produced. Using this antibody, we could demonstrate that MITF was rapidly and persistently phosphorylated upon stimulation of primary osteoclasts with RANKL and that phosphorylation of Ser307 correlated with expression of the target gene tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. MITF phosphorylation at Ser307 also correlated with persistent activation of p38 MAPK, and p38 MAPK could utilize MITF Ser307 as a substrate in vitro. The phosphorylation of MITF and activation of target gene expression in osteoclasts were blocked by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. In transient transfections, a constitutively active Rac1 or MKK6 gene could collaborate with MITF to activate the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase gene promoter dependent on Ser307. Dominant negative p38 α and β could inhibit the collaboration between upstream signaling components and MITF in the transient assays. These results indicate that MITF is a target for the RANKL signaling pathway in osteoclasts and that phosphorylation of MITF leads to an increase in osteoclast-specific gene expression.
Active immunization of prepubertal bulls against testosterone: Seminal and testicular characteristics after puberty☆

Twenty-four Holstein bull calves were immunized at 1.0 month of age against either testosterone-17-hemisuccinate-human serum albumin (treated bulls) or against human serum albumin alone (control bulls). Booster injections were given monthly through five months of age. Bulls were reimmunized at six months of age with testosterone-17-hemisuccinate-equine serum albumin (treated bulls) or equine serum albumin alone (control bulls). At 12 months of age, eight treated and eight control bulls were electroejaculated twice daily for two days and then castrated. The remaining four bulls in each group were electroejaculated and castrated at 18 months of age. Active immunization against testosterone significantly elevated the binding of 3H-testosterone in plasma within four weeks. Body weights of bulls were not affected by treatment. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in plasma were generally not altered by treatment. At castration at 12 months of age, testosterone-immunized bulls tended to have greater (P < 0.15) parenchymal weights and had 30% greater (P < 0.07) daily sperm production (DSP) rates than control bulls; seminal characteristics (motility and intact acrosomes) were not affected. At 18 months of age, testosterone-immunized bulls had 21% greater (P < 0.07) parenchymal weights and 35% greater (P < 0.04) DSP rates than control bulls; again, seminal characteristics were not affected. It appears that prepubertal active immunization against testosterone is a potential means of increasing testicular size and sperm production rates in postpubertal bulls.
Sex Differences in Fear of the Consequences of Death

Diggory and Rothman (1961) had subjects rank the consequences of death that they feared. Men feared the effects for their dependents more while women feared the pain of dying and the distintegration of their bodies after death more. The seven consequences of death were given to 237 male and 192 female undergraduate srudents aged 18 to 22 yr. (M = 20.2 yr., SD = 1.2) who were asked to rate each consequence on a five-point scale to express their degree of concern. The women indicated significantly more concern over "I am uncertain as to what might happen to me if there is a life after death" (Ms = 2.9 and 2.7, t = 2.16, p = .03), "I am afraid of what might happen to my body after death" (Ms = 2.5 and 1.9, 6 = 5.18, p < .001), "My death would cause grief to my relatives and friends" (IMS = 4.2 and 3.7, t = 4.39, p < .001), and "The process of dying might be painful" (Ms = 3.9 and 3.3, t = 4.69, P < ,001). The sexes did not differ in their ratings of "I could no longer have any experiences," "I could no longer care for my dependents," and "All my plans and projects would come to an end." Also the men and women did nor differ in their desire to have their bodies viewed at their funerals. A factor analysis for the responses of the men identified one factor, suggesting that they had a global concern or lack of concern over the consequences of death. The factor analysis for the women (using the SPSSX principal components analysis with a varimax rotation) identified two factors, one with loadings for caring for dependents, causing grief to others and the end of plans, and the other with loadings for the end of experiences, what might happen in a life after death, the disintegration of the body and a painful dying. This suggests that the women were making more differentiated judgments about their atcimdes toward death. These results confirm the often reported greater anxiery about death in women (Lonetto & Templer, 1986).
Differential expression of conglycinin α' and β subunit genes in transgenic plants

β-conglycinin or 7S protein, one of the two major storage proteins of soybean (Glycine max), is comprised of three subunits, α′, α and β. Genomic clones encoding the α′ and β subunit genes were ligated together in intermediate plasmids, either in direct orientation (← ←) or in divergent orientation (← →). In the latter instance the transcriptional promoters of the two genes were approximately 2.0 kb apart. The DNAs were introduced into leaf disks of Petunia hybrida on a disarmed Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transgenic plants were regenerated. Expression of the introduced genes, limited to specific stages in developing seeds, was analyzed by quantitating the accumulated mRNA and protein, and compared with expression in transgenic plants that contained either gene alone. Development time course studies showed that the α′ subunit mRNA and protein were first detected at 10 days after pollination while accumulation of the β subunit protein ensued at day 14 regardless of the orientation of the two genes. The temporally regulated expression of these two genes in transgenic plants mimics their temporal regulation during soybean embryo development. In transgenic plants that contain the α′ and β genes in divergent orientation, expression of the β gene was enhanced several-fold, while the expression of the α′ gene was slightly decreased. These results suggest that (i) sequences of the α′ gene enhance the level of expression of a nearby storage protein gene and that (ii) the signal(s) operating in the temporal regulation of seed storage protein genes is (are) common to soybean and petunia, and are different from those that govern the final amounts of mRNA and protein.
Hepatic participation in lipid metabolism.

During alimentary lipemia induced in dogs by the feeding of saturated or unsaturated fats no significant alteration occurred in phagocytic function as indicated by colloidal carbon removal and colloidal gold tissue distribution studies. The cellular distribution of intravenously administered triglyceride indicated that most of the injected triglyceride was found in the isolated hepatic parenchymal cell. The distribution of an intravenously administered free cholesterol emulsion indicated initial localization in the parenchymal cell and a later elevation in the Kupffer cell. These findings suggest that both hepatic parenchymal and Kupffer cells participate in the removal of chylomicra; the parenchymal cell has the greatest role. The late elevation in cholesterol content of the Kupffer cell is indicative of a metabolic or excretory function of these cells in cholesterol metabolism.
FC10-03 - Translation of an evidence-based collaborative care model for depression into 80 primary care practices. Outcomes and lessons learned

Introduction The DIAMOND (Depression Improvement Across Minnesota--Offering a New Direction) project is a clinical intervention that was developed and implemented by the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) in Minnesota beginning in 2008. The ambitious goals of the project were to implement an evidence based model of depression into a variety of settings while changing the reimbursement system for these clinics in order to sustain this model over time. Two years later, the model is in 80 different primary care clinics and data is reported to the state. Objectives/aims A review of the major outcomes from this translation of evidence into practice. Preliminary research on critical factors leading to best outcomes will be offered. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of Major Depression or Dysthymia and a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater are eligible for this model of care. Outcome measures include remission rates at six and twelve months. Process measures include the use of the primary tool (PHQ-9), the percentage of eligible patients activated into care management, and drop out or opt out rates. Site visits to all clinics were carried out after implementation by ICSI with preliminary results on best practices. Results Results are comparable to those found in randomized controlled trials. As of March 2010, 6-month response averaged 36% (range 8–60%) and 6-month remission averaged 27% (range 7–51%). All intent to treat. Conclusions The DIAMOND model was successfully disseminated into diverse settings with excellent results. Factors predicting best clinic outcomes will be reviewed.
Wha'd'ya Know?: Examining Young Voters' Political Information and Efficacy in the 2004 Election

The problem of youth participation in elections remains largely a mystery and solutions to reengage the disengaged seem elusive. Yet an examination of young citizens' political talk may help illuminate their civic attitudes and behaviors. This study reports findings from a national focus group investigation that sought to understand young voters' information-seeking habits. Analysis identifies where young voters get their political information, what they do with this information, and whether greater knowledge leads to increased feelings of political efficacy and participation. Understanding young citizens' information-seeking habits might point to specific ways for promoting more informed, and engaged, young voters.
Employment: Renewed Investments

Abstract Supported employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities emerged in the 1980s, clearly showing the untapped potential of people to work productively in integrated j...
Geospatial stream query processing using Microsoft SQL Server StreamInsight

Microsoft SQL Server spatial libraries contain several components that handle geometrical and geographical data types. With advances in geo-sensing technologies, there has been an increasing demand for geospatial streaming applications. Microsoft SQL Server StreamInsight (StreamInsight, for brevity) is a platform for developing and deploying streaming applications that run continuous queries over high-rate streaming events. With its extensibility infrastructure, StreamInsight enables developers to integrate their domain expertise within the query pipeline in the form of user defined modules.This demo utilizes the extensibility infrastructure in Microsoft StreamInsight to leverage its continuous query processing capabilities in two directions. The first direction integrates SQL spatial libraries into the continuous query pipeline of StreamInsight. StreamInsight provides a well-defined temporal model over incoming events while SQL spatial libraries cover the spatial properties of events to deliver a solution for spatiotemporal stream query processing. The second direction extends the system with an analytical refinement and prediction layer. This layer analyzes historical data that has been accumulated and summarized over the years to refine, smooth and adjust the current query output as well as predict the output in the near future. The demo scenario is based on transportation data in Los Angeles County.
Nd-Sr systematics of the Setouchi volcanic rocks, southwest Japan: a clue to the origin of orogenic andesite

Abstract Twenty-three volcanic rocks from the Setouchi volcanic belt, southwest Japan, were analyzed for Nd and Sr isotopic compositions for the purpose of examining the genetic relationships among the basalt, high-magnesium andesite (HMA) and evolved porphyritic andesite. The andesites have higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (0.70487–0.70537) and lower 143 Nd/ 144 Nd (0.512509–0.512731) than the basalts, i.e., 0.70408–0.70468 and 0.512691–0.512830, respectively. This result confirms earlier conclusions obtained from petrologic study that the andesites cannot be fractionation products of basaltic magma but that the andesitic and basaltic magmas were generated independently. On the basis of melting experiments for HMA and basalt, it is inferred that there is an isotopically stratified mantle beneath southwest Japan. Evolved porphyritic andesites have essentially identical Sr and Nd isotopic ratios to HMA and can be derived by fractionation of primary andesitic magma. A model to produce orogenic andesite is proposed on petrologic, experimental and isotopic bases.