cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harmonic Theory of Noise in Induction Motors

This paper presents a theory of noise generation particularly adapted to use with small motors. Since single-phase motors predominate in the small-motor field, a single-phase point of view has been employed. The underlying philosophy of the paper is to reduce the theory to simplest terms and to concentrate attention upon the most probable sources of noise. While the results are shown as a large collection of numbers representing force waves the development steps of the theory are really simple and easily understood. The resultant air-gap flux wave in an induction motor is the difference between the fundamental stator flux plus its harmonics and the fundamental rotor flux plus its harmonics. The difference between the two fundamental fluxes is usually less than the larger one and often less than either one but the harmonics, with few exceptions, are neither of the same velocity nor space order and, therefore, do not add or subtract from each other It follows that the resultant flux wave has more harmonics of much greater per-unit amplitude than does either the stator or rotor flux wave alone. It is the interaction of two large harmonic flux waves of slightly different space order and traveling at high frequency with respect to each other that causes high-frequency magnetic-force waves of long space pitch which are effective in producing noise. The theory has been used for some time in noise investigations and has been found to bear out test results on a large number of motors.
Randomization Inference with Natural Experiments: An Analysis of Ballot Effects in the 2003 California Recall Election

Since the 2000 U.S. Presidential election, social scientists have rediscovered a long tradition of research that investigates the effects of ballot format on voting. Using a new dataset collected by the New York Times, we investigate the causal effect of being listed on the first ballot page in the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election. California law mandates a complex randomization procedure of ballot order that approximates a classical randomized experiment in a real world setting. The recall election also poses particular statistical challenges with an unprecedented 135 candidates running for the office. We apply (nonparametric) randomization inference based on Fisher's exact test, which incorporates the complex randomization procedure and yields accurate confidence intervals. Conventional asymptotic model-based inferences are found to be highly sensitive to assumptions and model specification. Randomization inference suggests that roughly half of the candidates gained more votes when listed on the first page of the ballot.
A comparison of indicators of sub-lethal untrient stress in the salt marsh grass, Spartina patens

Abstract Wetland plant communities in coastal Louisiana are degrading, resulting in the loss of live emergent vegetation and subsequent succession to open water. Nutrient deprivation caused by compartmentalization of marsh parcels and impaired water exchange is one of the potential sources of sub-lethal stress on plants. Greenhouse experiments were conducted on Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. to compare the usefulness of several indicators for the detection of nutrient stress. Responses were measured at the end of 7, 14 and 35 days, with experiments timed to end simultaneously. Leaf expansion rate, aboveground biomass, leaf spectral reflectance, adenine nucleotide levels and CO 2 exchange rate all detected significant differences among treatments (0, 25, 50 and 100% Hoagland's solution). All but aboveground biomass were able to detect some treatment differences as early as 7 days after initiation of treatments; aboveground biomass detected differences after 14 days. Adenine nucleotide levels showed the best ability to discriminate among the 0, 25, 50 and 100% Hoagland's treatments, while all other indicators were able to detect differences only between the 0% treatment and the higher levels of nutrient application.
The low and intermediate mass dilepton and photon results

I summarize and discuss some of the experimental results on the low and intermediate mass dileptons and direct photons presented at Quark Matter 2014.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL RADON-FOURIER TRANSFORMER.

The well-known central-slice, or projection-slice, theorem states that the Radon transform can be used to reduce a two-dimensional Fourier transform to a series of one-dimensional Fourier transforms. In this paper we describe a practical system for implementing this theorem. The Radon transform is carried out with a rotating prism and a flying-line scanner, while the one-dimensional Fourier transforms are performed with surface acoustic wave filters. Both real and imaginary parts of the complex Fourier transform can be obtained. A method of displaying the two-dimensional Fourier transforms is described, and representative transforms are shown. Application of this approach to Labeyrie speckle interferometry is demonstrated.
A study on complex integrals involving absolute values

In this paper, we present a useful mathematical framework for the solution of complex integrals involving absolute values. The analysis is effectively extended to real definite integrals where the integrands are rational functions of cos n@q or sin n@q, for n >= 1. The formulas we established are tested, and the results demonstrate the efficacy and validity of using these formulas.
MEDICINES USED BY THE MICMAC INDIANS

to Dr. Wilson Wood, then of the faculty of the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, who furnished observations regarding the value of the cures which are here appended. Dr. Wood's observations have been put in brackets. Many of these remedies, like many of the diseases, are of European origin. Diarrhoea. "Wild Chocolate" (egwitkewe) will stop it gradually, though not suddenly. Purgatives. The bark of easel when boiled into a tea is a purgative if, after taking, the abdomen is rubbed from above downward; if rubbed from below upward it causes vomiting. Pipe-stem wood (alder?) (niskAnAmusi) is a good physic. If boiled and mixed with the fat from any part of a porcupine it is as effective as castor oil. [The good effect of this combination is presumably due to the fat which is laxative, while alder bark, containing tannic acid, would tend to the opposite effect.] Molasses [molasses is also laxative] and lard combined is said to be a good physic much used by adults; a new-born child is given as a physic the fatty oil of the raccoon or porcupine. The root and bark of the gooseberry vine are scraped and mixed with grease and a little sugar. "It will go right through you." No ill effects ensue from getting wet or from working while taking this physic. SAgebAnigewe (a species of wild carrot?), a red blossom plant with three leaves clustered around the stalk, growing along brooks, is steeped, and is a mild purgative. The roots of ukskusaligAn, a plant growing in low swampy places, is beaten until soft, then tied around the waist much as a poultice would be applied. It is declared to be as effective as salts.
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers with Dielectric Mirrors

We have developed new low threshold surface emitting laser designs with dielectric high reflectivity top mirrors. Here, we describe the characteristics of these surface emitting vertical cavity lasers (VCSELs) which exhibit stable mode patterns and low threshold currents. The new device fabrication sequence which we employ is able to adjust the emission wavelength of the lasers during the final fabrication step and allow the development of stable multi-wavelength laser arrays. These quantum-well based laser diodes are demonstrated at 0.72 μm with threshold currents of 20 mA, at 0.85 μm with threshold currents of 3 mA, at 0.98 μm with threshold currents of 4 mA, and at 1.55 μm with threshold currents of 17 mA. Our VCSELs also display remarkably low threshold voltages, thus minimizing the laser power dissipation and improving the wallplug efficiency. The flexibility resulting from depositing one or both of the mirrors after the fabrication of the laser diodes opens the way to the development of new and more versatile laser structures.
Contribution of umami taste substances in human salivation during meal

The oral gustatory perception during a meal has very important physiological roles such as inducing appetite, smoothing mastication and swallowing, promoting digestion and each nutrient availability. One hundred years ago, L-glutamate was discovered as a new taste substance in Japan. Since then, Japanese taste physiologists have lead the research to establish L-glutamate as the prototype molecule for the fifth basic taste (umami taste), in addition to saltiness, sweetness, bitterness and sourness. Meanwhile, various lines of evidence demonstrated that taste perception is linked to taste stimuli-oral/pharyngeal reflexes. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of L-glutamate for human salivation and discuss the possible application of umami taste simulation to the nutritional management for the elderly due to amelioration of their quality of life (QOL). J. Med. Invest. 56 Suppl.: 197-204, December, 2009
Similarity relations, fuzzy partitions, and fuzzy orderings

Abstract The paper presents an introduction to the theory of fuzzy binary relations and some related concepts. First, proximity and similarity relations, their classes and fuzzy partitions are introduced and their properties are investigated. Then, major classes of fuzzy orderings are defined and classified with respect to the duality relation. Transitivity properties of fuzzy orderings and the Ferrers property of induced fuzzy orderings are established.
A review of the efficacy and safety of extended-release topiramate in the adjunctive treatment for refractory partial-onset seizures

Topiramate has been widely utilized worldwide as an effective medication against partial- and generalized-onset seizures. Extended-release topiramate was developed to provide patients with the convenience of once-daily dosing and potentially improved tolerability by reducing serum concentration fluctuation. USL255 is a once-daily, extended-release formulation of topiramate, which was recently approved in the USA. Compared with immediate-release topiramate taken twice daily, once-daily USL255 provides equivalent topiramate exposure with a 26% reduction in plasma fluctuations. A multinational, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures demonstrated that USL255 (200 mg/day) significantly improved seizure control and was well tolerated with low overall neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive adverse events.
Growth of single crystal YB66 from the melt

Abstract Cubic YB 66 has been synthesized in quantity and pulled as crystal boules from water cooled copper boats. Crystals of good quality have been grown by the pedestal technique. Interaction of the melt with refractories, crystal purity, and the B-Y phase diagram in the vicinity of YB 66 are reported.
Apolipoprotein E inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation but not the inhibition of migration is mediated through activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Abstract —Initial experiments revealed that low concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) E (0.1 to 5 μg/mL) were effective in inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–directed smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration by 60% to 80%. In contrast, higher concentrations of apoE, at 25 and 50 μg/mL, were necessary to achieve similar inhibition of PDGF-induced SMC proliferation. The potential role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the inhibitory effects of apoE was explored. Results showed that, although 0.1 to 5 μg/mL of apoE had no effect on NO production by SMCs, physiological concentrations of apoE (25 to 50 μg/mL) enhanced NO synthesis by 2-fold in a dose-dependent manner ( P N G -monomethyl-l-arginine ( P P
Isolation and spectral characteristics of the photochemical reaction center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis

Abstract A method is described for isolation of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction center complex free of altered, 685 nm absorbing pigment. This improved preparation contains two c-type cytochromes in the ratio P-960: cytochrome c-558: cytochrome c-553 of 1 : 2 : 2 to 3. The near infrared spectral forms of the reduced preparation are located at 790, 832, 846 and 987 nm at 77 K; the oxidized complex absorbs at 790, 808, 829 and approx. 1310 nm. The 790 nm band is attributed to bacteriophaeophytin b and the other absorbances to bacteriochlorophyll b. The visible absorption bands may be assigned to these pigments and to the cytochromes present and, probably, to a carotenoid. The presence of two bacteriochlorophyll b spectral forms in the P+-830 band suggests that exciton interactions occur among pigments in the oxidized, as well as the reduced, reaction center. Changes in the 790 and 544 nm bands upon illumination of the reaction center preparation at low redox potential may be indicative of a role for bacteriophaeophytin b in primary photochemical events.
Evidence that TSH Receptor A-Subunit Multimers, Not Monomers, Drive Antibody Affinity Maturation in Graves' Disease

Context: The TSH receptor (TSHR) A-subunit shed from the cell surface contributes to the induction and/or affinity maturation of pathogenic TSHR autoantibodies in Graves' disease. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the quaternary structure (multimerization) of shed A-subunits influences pathogenic TSHR autoantibody generation. Design: The isolated TSHR A-subunit generated by transfected mammalian cells exists in two forms; one (active) is recognized only by Graves' TSHR autoantibodies, the second (inactive) is recognized only by mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3BD10. Recent evidence suggests that both Graves' TSHR autoantibodies and mAb 3BD10 recognize the A-subunit monomer. Therefore, if the A-subunit monomer is an immunogen, Graves' sera should have antibodies to both active and inactive A-subunits. Conversely, restriction of TSHR autoantibodies to active A-subunits would be evidence of a role for shed A-subunit multimers, not monomers, in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Therefore, we...
Interval colon cancer in a Lynch syndrome patient under annual colonoscopic surveillance: a case for advanced imaging techniques?

Lynch syndrome confers increased risk for various malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance programs have led to reduced incidence of colorectal cancer and reduced mortality from colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy every 1–2 years beginning at age 20–25, or 10 years earlier than the first diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a family, with annual colonoscopy after age 40, is the recommended management for mutation carriers. Screening programs have reduced colon cancer mortality, but interval cancers may occur. We describe a 48-year-old woman with Lynch syndrome who was found to have an adenoma with invasive colorectal cancer within one year after a normal colonoscopy. Our patient illustrates two current concepts about Lynch syndrome: 1) adenomas are the cancer precursor and 2) such adenomas may be “aggressive,” in the sense that the adenoma progresses more readily and more rapidly to carcinoma in this setting compared to usual colorectal adenomas. Our patient’s resected tumor invaded only into submucosa and all lymph nodes were negative; in that sense, she represents a success for annual colonoscopic surveillance. Still, this case does raise the question of whether advanced imaging techniques are advisable for surveillance colonoscopy in these high-risk patients.
Endogenous budget constraints in auctions

Abstract In prior literature, bidders' budget constraints have been shown to change revenue and efficiency rankings among auction formats. These results, however, are based on the implicit assumption that the nature of the budget constraint is unaffected by auction rules. I extend the standard symmetric model of auctions for a single good to include principals that optimally constrain their bidder to mitigate an agency problem between the two. I show that the outcomes of the first- and second-price auctions generally agree with those from auction models without budget constraints with the exception that the first-price auction is shown to be more efficient when signals are affiliated.
Analysis of the number of hops in wired-wireless heterogeneous networks

As more and more wireless communication scenarios, such as Internet of Things and 4G wireless networks, rely on the deployment of wireline networks, the analysis of the heterogeneous wired-wireless networks becomes critical. In this paper, the probability mass function (PMF) of the number of hops in heterogeneous wired and wireless networks is analyzed. The nodes are assumed to be spatially distributed following Poisson point process (PPP). The wireless links are formed by considering the spatial distances, and the wired links are randomly deployed. To derive the PMF of the number of hops, we first approximate the number of hops between any two nodes in the wireless-link-only network as a function of the Euclidean distance. Then one wired link is added and the PMF of the number of hops is derived. Finally, the analysis is generalized to the heterogeneous network with multiple wired links. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of our proposed approach.
Automation of the CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF) II: Assignment of Bonded Parameters and Partial Atomic Charges

Molecular mechanics force fields are widely used in computer-aided drug design for the study of drug candidates interacting with biological systems. In these simulations, the biological part is typically represented by a specialized biomolecular force field, while the drug is represented by a matching general (organic) force field. In order to apply these general force fields to an arbitrary drug-like molecule, functionality for assignment of atom types, parameters, and partial atomic charges is required. In the present article, algorithms for the assignment of parameters and charges for the CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF) are presented. These algorithms rely on the existing parameters and charges that were determined as part of the parametrization of the force field. Bonded parameters are assigned based on the similarity between the atom types that define said parameters, while charges are determined using an extended bond-charge increment scheme. Charge increments were optimized to reproduce the cha...
Pleural-based mesothelioma in immune competent rats: A model to study adenoviral gene transfer

Background. Despite multimodality approaches, pleural-based malignant mesothelioma remains a disease with a very poor prognosis. Novel therapeutic strategies such as gene therapy clearly are needed to improve the survival of patients with this neoplasm. To aid in the evaluation of new treatment strategies, animal models that closely mimic human disease are required. This article describes the establishment of a pleural-based model of malignant mesothelioma in immune-competent Fischer rats. Methods. Via a modified left anterior lateral thorocotomy, a syngeneic malignant mesothelioma cell line, called II-45, was placed into the pleural cavity of Fischer rats. Results. Placement of II-45 cells into the pleural cavity of Fischer rats results in a model of pleural mesothelioma that closely resembles the disease seen in patients and is highly reproducible, with animals dying within 1 month. We also demonstrate the feasibility of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to normal mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity, as well as to malignant cells deep within the substance of pleural-based malignant mesothelioma. Conclusions. The model described here offers the opportunity to study a variety of new treatment modalities, especially somatic gene transfer, against pleural-based malignant mesothelioma in an immune competent setting.
Multiple-Object Auctions Around a Circle

This paper explores a multiple-object auction with the following three features: First, there is a capacity constraint, as each bidder can win at most one object from the auction. Second, the objects for sale and the bidders are located around the unit circle. A bidder's valuation of a certain object depends solely on the location of the object relative to the bidder; that is, on the distance between the object and the bidder. Third, instead of turning in separate bids on different objects, each bidder just states his location on the unit circle. His bids on different objects can then be derived from his stated location.The paper demonstrates that the Groves-Clarke logic applies to this particular setting, and it designs an auction mechanism that is ex-post efficient, under the capacity constraint, and incentive compatible. The paper also extends the Revenue Equivalence Theorem to this particular setting, using a proof different from Engelbrecht-Wiggans'(1988), by imposing less strict regularity conditions. Based on the circle setting, the paper shows that, with symmetric bidders, for any two different auction mechanisms applying the same allocation rule, the locations on the circle at which a bidder obtains the lowest expected payoff from either of these two mechanisms are the same. This location serves as the benchmark location to the circle version of the Revenue Equivalence Theorem in this paper.
Shape optimization for aerodynamic efficiency and low observability

Field methods based on the finite-difference approximations of the time-domain Maxwell's equations and the potential-flow equation have been developed to solve the multidisciplinary problem of airfoil shaping for aerodynamic efficiency and low radar cross section (RCS). A parametric study and an optimization study employing the two analysis methods are presented to illustrate their combined capabilities. The parametric study shows that for frontal radar illumination, the RCS of an airfoil is independent of the chordwise location of maximum thickness but depends strongly on the maximum thickness, leading-edge radius, and leadingedge shape. In addition, this study shows that the RCS of an airfoil can be reduced without significant effects on its transonic aerodynamic efficiency by reducing the leading-edge radius and/or modifying the shape of the leading edge. The optimization study involves the minimization of wave drag for a non-lifting, symmetrical airfoil with constraints on the airfoil maximum thickness and monostatic RCS. This optimization study shows that the two analysis methods can be used effectively to design aerodynamically efficient airfoils with certain desired RCS characteristics.
ATP and potassium ions: a deadly combination for astrocytes

The ATP release channel Pannexin1 (Panx1) is self-regulated, i.e. the permeant ATP inhibits the channel from the extracellular space. The affinity of the ATP binding site is lower than that of the purinergic P2X7 receptor allowing a transient activation of Panx1 by ATP through P2X7R. Here we show that the inhibition of Panx1 by ATP is abrogated by increased extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]o) in a dose-dependent manner. Since increased [K+]o is also a stimulus for Panx1 channels, it can be expected that a combination of ATP and increased [K+]o would be deadly for cells. Indeed, astrocytes did not survive exposure to these combined stimuli. The death mechanism, although involving P2X7R, does not appear to strictly follow a pyroptotic pathway. Instead, caspase-3 was activated, a process inhibited by Panx1 inhibitors. These data suggest that Panx1 plays an early role in the cell death signaling pathway involving ATP and K+ ions. Additionally, Panx1 may play a second role once cells are committed to apoptosis, since Panx1 is also a substrate of caspase-3.
A modified finger lift test reveals an asymmetry of motor overflow in adults.

Abstract A method of eliciting motor overflow in neurologically intact adults is reported. A weight was placed on either the middle or ring finger of the left or right hand, and the subject was instructed to lift that finger. Involuntary finger lifts of the contralateral hand were recorded. There were 32 right-handers per experiment. In Experiments I and II, the amount of weight placed on the subject's finger was in proportion to body weight, whereas in Experiment HI, it was in proportion to each finger's strength. Across experiments, motor overflow was more prevalent when the left, rather than the right, hand was weighted. This shows that the asymmetry in motor overflow previously reported in children and brain-damaged adults also occurs in healthy adults, and that this movement asymmetry is not an artifact of the relative weakness of the left hand in right-handed individuals.
Endovascular technique for revision of excess catheter length in subcutaneous implanted venous access devices

To describe the implementation of a technique to trim the excess length of a central venous catheter via a process of endovascular snaring without exposing or changing the device. We report on the outcome of this technique in 3 patients. The technique was successful in two cases and successful with a modification in the remaining case. The technique is useful to salvage an implanted venous access device. It appears to be less invasive with reduced procedure time and less patient discomfort than other techniques.
Born in a follicle--a historical perspective.

A review of major studies of tetrapod skin development since the 1870s illustrates how knowledge of structure and mechanism progressed through phases emphasizing Natural History, morphology, endocrinology, and tissue manipulation prior to the prevailing “molecular era.” Each successive phase of investigation, while suffering from its own limitations and constraints, has produced conceptual advances. At various times, different systems in various organisms have been research models of choice for practical and/or technical reasons. Comparative studies of scaled and non-scaled integuments and appendages thereof, e.g., nails, claws, glands, hair, and especially feathers, revealed data that suggested new directions for research programs. Some non-mammalian models still offer unique opportunities for pursuit of specific questions pertinent to studies of hair: arguments between American and British schools concerning feather development that originated in the 1930s remain unresolved and may thus affect interpretation of recent investigations. The current emphasis on the study of diffusible molecules involved in papilla–follicle interactions in hair development and replacement can only be understood in the context of the interwoven history of questions relating sequentially to evolutionary homology, physiological controls of tissue homeostasis, embryonic induction, and, most recently, molecular genetics.
Alleviation of the Sonic Boom by Thermal Means

Previous studies suggest that reduction of SST sonic boom noise to levels acceptable to the public requires elimination of shocks and creation of pressure rise times of 10 msec or more at the ground. Because it appears impractical to lengthen the aircraft sufficiently to achieve this objective, a feasibility investigation of the use of heat to simulate a long body was undertaken. The large power requirement dictates the use of direct combustion of cheap fuel for this purpose, and practical considerations motivate off-axis heating. This can be accomplished in principle by the use of either a thermal spike with its axis parallel to the airstream or a thermal keel that extends downward from the aircraft.
A system for reconstituting special water qualities for use in chronic toxicity studies

A water treatment system and procedure are described that are designed for preparing large quantities of reconstituted water with specific chemical and physical characteristics for use in chronic toxicity studies with fish and invertebrates. Water treatment units produce high-purity water in large quantities for storage in high-density cross-linked polyethylene tanks, where it is combined with various salts to reconstitute an appropriate experimental water quality that simulates potential environmental conditions for use as the test medium in an intermittent-flow proportional diluter. Several water quality characteristics for the source water and the receiving water, and respective flow rates must be considered when one calculates the chemical constituents that must be added to closely simulate the water in a potential environmental situation. The water treatment system and procedure have been used to produce four differently reconstituted experimental waters that were used in 60- to 90-day early life stage chronic toxicity studies with fish. Of the ten water quality characteristics measured in the experimental waters during the studies, eight had a coefficient of variation of <5%-indicating that the various physiochemical characteristics could be precisely reproduced throughout long-term exposure studies.
Isoflurane Anesthesia for Equine Colic Surgery Comparison with Halothane Anesthesia

Isoflurane was compared with halothane as an anesthetic agent for emergency colic surgery in a series of 38 juvenile and adult horses. After presurgical stabilization with fluids and supportive medications, anesthesia was induced by intravenous xylazine and/or diazepam followed by ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or halothane in oxygen with controlled ventilation. Heart rates (HR), arterial blood gases, mean arterial pressures (MAP), rate pressure products (RPP), requirements for cardiovascular support medications, and recovery times to standing were compared using nonparametric methods. Cardiopulmonary responses to isoflurane and halothane anesthesia were generally comparable although some temporal differences were observed. Higher HR (p less than 0.02) and lower PaCO2 levels (p less than 0.01) were identified during the course of isoflurane anesthesia. Recovery times to standing were significantly shorter (0.02 less than p less than 0.05) after isoflurane than halothane anesthesia.
Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and on dialysis.

There are limited data on the validity of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score for unstable angina pectoris (UAP)/non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), including patients using dialysis. Accordingly, we evaluated the prognostic ability of the TIMI risk score in consecutive patients across the entire spectrum of CKD who presented with UAP or non–ST elevation myocardial infarction and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention from July 1, 1999, to June 30, 2007. Patients were categorized by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 (n = 4,938), 30 to 59 (n = 1,592), and 2 (n = 202) and use of dialysis (n = 208). Hazard ratios of all-cause mortality associated with TIMI risk score levels (0 to 2, 3 to 4, ≥5) were calculated within each eGFR category. Over a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 813 deaths occurred. For patients with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , race- and gender-adjusted hazard ratios of mortality associated with TIMI risk scores of 3 to 4 and ≥5 compared with 0 to 2 were 2.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.93 to 4.40) and 4.26 (95% CI 2.82 to 6.43), respectively. Analogous hazard ratios were 1.26 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.98) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.78) for patients with an eGFR of 30 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , 2.23 (95% CI 0.71 to 6.94) and 2.83 (95% CI 0.89 to 8.99) for patients with an eGFR 2 , and 3.16 (1.33 to 7.48) and 3.67 (95% CI 1.52 to 8.86), respectively, for patients on dialysis. In conclusion, the TIMI risk score for UAP/non–ST elevation myocardial infarction discriminates mortality risk across the full range of CKD, including patients on dialysis.
Response of riverine and transition zone bacterioplankton communities to a pulsed river inflow

We investigated the impact of such a summer storm pulse on the riverine zone bacterioplankton and subsequently the transition zone bacterioplankton. Discharge varied from 0.08 m3 s−1 at the onset of the pulse to 1050 m3 s−1 at the peak. Bacterial community attributes were analyzed separately for cells free in the water and those associated with particles. Most riverine zone biomass was particle-associated during the pulse, whereas it was free-living at baseflow. Free biomass declined during the ascending arm of the hydrograph indicating washout, but 13 days later increased to an extent almost twice that present at the onset. Mean cell volumes of both free and particle-associated cells increased during the pulse with particle-associated cells larger than free-living cells. Rates of cell-specific bacterioplankton production changed in parallel with the hydrograph. In the transition zone production increased with the pulse but to a lesser extent and more slowly than in the riverine zone. Mean cell volumes of transition zone bacteria changed little with the pulse. In contrast with the riverine zone, transition zone free cells were larger than the particle-associated cells.
Indolent epidemic of pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia and pseudobacteremia in an intensive care unit traced to a contaminated blood gas analyzer

Abstract An epidemic of Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia and pseudobacteremia occurred in the medical intensive care unit at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Sixteen patients in the intensive care unit became colonized or infected with this organism in a 21-month period; whereas P. cepacia had been isolated only 16 times in the preceding 90 months from the entire hospital. Further analysis demonstrated a significant association of the epidemic cases with bloodstream isolation of the organism (p
Cardiac arrest from acquired long QT syndrome: a case report.

Background Many classes of medications initiated by clinicians can cause adverse events, such as cardiac disturbances. One such adverse outcome is that of acquired long QT syndrome, which can lead to arrhythmias and sudden death. When health care practitioners were surveyed about their knowledge of this condition, 20% indicated they knew very little about long QT syndromes and more than 30% failed to check on current therapy before prescribing QT-prolonging medications. Methods A case will be presented to illustrate the importance of understanding this syndrome. Results The causes and pathophysiology of acquired long QT syndrome are discussed, and the resources for clinicians to obtain more information and growing number of offending medications leading to acquired long QT syndrome are provided. Conclusions On-going education is needed to heighten awareness in the health care community to prevent the deleterious outcomes associated with medication induced acquired long QT syndrome.
TROPHIC INTERACTIONS AMONG DETRITUS, BENTHIC MIDGES, AND PREDATORY FISH IN A FRESHWATER MARSH

I conducted field experiments in a western New York marsh to quantify concurrently the impacts of resource limitation and predation on benthic midge populations (Chironomus plumosus, Chironomus tentans, and Glyptotendipes barbipes). Biomass of cattail litter (Typha sp.), numbers of small insectivorous fish (primarily juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio, and to a lesser extent juvenile brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus), or numbers of large fish (primarily adult brown bullhead, which will consume both midges and small fish) were manipulated in mesh-walled mesocosms (1.5 X 1.5 X 1.2 m). Using core sampling, midge population responses to manipulations were monitored from early May through late August. Trophic responses of marsh midges to resources and predation changed temporally over the summer. In June, neither resource limitation nor predation by fish significantly influenced midge numbers. In July, after juvenile carp and brown bullhead first became abundant from the spawn, these small insectivorous fish significantly reduced midge larval densities. At that time, midge densities still did not respond to variable detritus supplies. By August, both predation by small fish and available supplies of cattail litter significantly affected midge numbers. Because midges did not respond to a nonnutritive mimic of cattail litter, it suggests that resource limitation of midge abundance was nutritionally based. Feeding by large adult bullhead had no apparent direct or indirect influence on midge densities in any month. Small fish largely disappeared from the study habitats by August, but populations of midge larvae did not rebound because they had stopped breeding for that year. This study supports emerging concepts on the integrated influences of top-down and bottom-up trophic interaction on food web function. Predation and resource limitation were simul- taneously influencing midge abundance. Results also emphasize how life history phenol- ogies of predators and prey can contribute to temporal variation in food web structure and function.
AIDS: Has the Problem Been Adequately Assessed?

virus can be reduced nearly to zero. However, if all members of a minimally affected population made such a shift, the benefit to that population could be dramatic. The emerging realization that latency periods are longer than was first thought implies that the epidemic could be much more severe than has been anticipated. Regional trends give no assurance that it has reached a peak, even in areas of highest prevalence. Much more work needs to be done to establish the actual role of saliva in transmitting HTLV-III because oral contagion has the greatest potential to spread the disease. Efforts to determine the latency period are crucial to predicting the future of the epidemic. Preventive measures behavior modification and education -hold some hope of retarding spread of the epidemic pending development of effective therapy or a vaccine.
Metastatic Gastric MALT Lymphoma Masquerading as Pulmonary Infiltrates, with a Dramatic Response to Chemotherapy

In 1983, Isaacson and Wright described the entity mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma [1]. It is a type of nonHodgkin’s lymphoma, now classified as an extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma [2]. By definition, a low-grade lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is thought to develop as a result of chronic antigenic stimulation. Epidemiologic models indicate that over 90 % of gastric MALT lymphomas arise in the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection and that eradication of H. pylori infection leads to endoscopic and histologic remissions in the majority of those cases [3, 4]. Autoimmune diseases may also create a setting of chronic inflammation and antigenic stimulation leading to MALT lymphoma [5]. It is also postulated that elements of the innate immune system play a role in the defense against lymphoproliferative diseases, and particularly, natural killer cell dysfunction is seen in high-grade nonHodgkin’s lymphomas [6]. Genetic abnormalities, notably certain high-risk chromosomal translocations such as t(11;18), t(1;14), and t(14;18), to name a few, have also been implicated as a cause of antigenindependent proliferation, particularly in cases not associated with or not responsive to H. pylori eradication [7]. On immunophenotype analysis, MALT lymphoma demonstrates B cell markers, CD19, CD20, and CD45 [8]. Predominantly found in gastric tissue, it can virtually arise in any epithelial tissue. Some sites worth mentioning include the lung, eye, skin, salivary glands, and breast. Systemic screening is therefore essential when MALT lymphoma is suspected. A good history and physical exam are key, followed by definitive histopathologic diagnosis via biopsies. Endoscopic biopsies for gastric MALT lymphoma are diagnostic in more than 75 % of the patients and should include evaluation for H. pylori infection [9]. Here, we report a case of metastatic gastric MALT lymphoma with a dramatic response to treatment.
A pattern for the WS-Trust standard for web services

Web services intend to provide an application integration technology that can be successfully used over the Internet in a secure, interoperable and trusted manner. One of the main functionalities of web services is providing secure messaging, where the web services exchange security credentials (either directly or indirectly). However, each party needs to determine if they can trust the asserted credentials of the other party. Moreover, the dynamic interaction between the web services requires specifying trust relationships in an explicit way for all parties. Without a clear definition of how web services could manage secure communications and establish trust relationships with other partners, malicious web services could use their business interactions to perform illegal actions. The WS-Trust standard defines how to establish trust between interacting parties; we present here a pattern for this standard. WS-Trust defines a security token service and a trust engine which are used by web services to authenticate other web services. Using the functions defined in WS-Trust, applications can engage in secure communication after establishing trust.
Single- and dual-fractal analysis of hybridization binding kinetics: biosensor applications.

The diffusion-limited hybridization kinetics of analyte in solution to a receptor immobilized on a biosensor or immunosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The data may be analyzed by a single- or a dual-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot. It is of interest to note that the binding rate coefficient and the fractal dimension both exhibit changes in the same direction for both the single-fractal and the dual-fractal analysis examples presented. For example, for a single-fractal analysis and for the hybridization of 10 nM 16*CFl(oligonucleotide) to 16 * B immobilized via sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)-hexanoate and streptavidin using chemical and thermal regeneration (Abel, A. P.; Weller, M. G.; Duveneck, G. L.; Ehrat, M. Widmer, H. M. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2905-2912), an increase in the fractal dimension, D f from 1.211 (chemical regeneration) to 1.394 (thermal regeneration), leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient, k, from 86.53 (chemical regeneration) to 100.0 (thermal regeneration). An increase in the degree of heterogeneity on the biosensor surface leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient. When a dual-fractal analysis was utilized, an increase in the fractal dimension value from D f1 to D f2 leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient value from k 1 to k 2 . The fractional order of dependence of the binding rate coefficient, k 1 , on (a) the analyte (rRNA) concentration in solution and (b) on the fractal dimension, D f1 , for the hybridization kinetics to detect Listeria species (Fliss, R.; St-Laurent, M.; Emond, E.; Simard, R. E.; Lemieux, R.; Ettriki, A.; Pandian, S. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1995, 43, 717-724.) further reinforces the fractal nature of the system. The binding rate coefficient(s) expressions developed as a function of the analyte concentration in solution and the fractal dimension are of particular value since they provide a means to better control of biosensor or immunosensor performance.
Omega-3 fatty acids and the development of cognitive abilities: a review of DHA supplementation studies

AbstractOmega-3 fatty acids are integral to the development of the brain. The mechanisms of action andresults from research with animal models suggest a role for the omega-3s, speciﬁcally doco-sahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the development of cognitive abilities. This review explores the actionsof DHA in the brain and the animal models that have been developed to explore DHA’s effect onlearning. This is followed by a review of the human studies of DHA supplementation. DHA’s effecton cognition is not wholly evident in the current literature, even though the hypothesis is well-founded. It is proposed that the effects may be more evident with higher levels of supplementation,with more speciﬁc cognitive outcomes, or with early supplementation, but later testing.Keywords: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Docosahexaenoic acid, Cognition, Attention, Memory Review Methodology: I searched the following databases: CAB Abstracts, Ovid Medline, and PsycInfo (Keywords: cognition with,in turn, DHA, omega 3, fatty acids, nutrition, and lipids; animals, rats, and mice each in turn with DHA, omega 3, fatty acids, nutrition,and lipids). The articles found were used as sources for further references. I also relied on personal knowledge for articles that werenot revealed by the search.
The adsorption and nucleation of silver on tungsten (110)

Abstract A study has been made of the adsorption and nucleation behavior of silver vapor impinging on a clean tungsten (110) crystal face. The mass spectrometric molecular beam technique has been used to measure the thermal accomodation coefficient, the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption and the kinetics of the extended growth of crystalline silver. Two adsorbed phases were observed, having heats of desorption of 66 kcal/mol and 41 kcal/mol respectively. Extended growth occurred from the second adlayer phase without observable supersaturation. The deposit so formed was crystalline and epitaxial with the substrate.
Loosely coupled mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation induced by protoporphyrin.

Abstract Protoporphyrin induces loose coupling in rat liver mitochondria at concentrations probably encountered in porphyric patients. Features of porphyric crises suggesting acute mitochondrial dysfunction are reviewed. Porphyrins which accumulate behind enzymatic blocks may produce crises by secondarily altering mitochondrial respiration.
Mechanistic Studies of the Flavoprotein Tryptophan 2-monooxygenase. 1. Kinetic Mechanism

The flavoprotein tryptophan 2-monooxygenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide, carbon dioxide, and water. The kinetic mechanism of the enzyme has been determined with tryptophan as substrate at pH 8.3. Initial velocity patterns, when both amino acid and oxygen concentrations are varied, are sequential with tryptophan and ping-pong with phenylalanine and methionine. Reduction by tryptophan in the absence of oxygen is biphasic. The rate of the rapid phase varies with the tryptophan concentration, with a limiting rate of 139 s-1 and an apparent Kd value of 0.11 mM. There is a primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect on the limiting rate of reduction of 2.4. The rapid phase is followed by a slow, concentration and isotope-independent phase that is much slower than turnover; this is ascribed to dissociation of a reduced enzyme-imino acid complex. In the absence of oxygen, tryptophan is converted to indolepyruvate imine. The rate of this reaction is the same as that of the rapid phase in the reduction. Reaction of the reduced enzyme-imino acid complex with oxygen to form oxidized flavin is monophasic, with a rate constant of 196 mM-1 s-1; no intermediates are detectable. The rate of formation of indole-3-acetamide agrees with the rate of reaction with oxygen. This is followed by slow product dissociation.
Lipid and Calculus Matrix Calcification In Vitro

Lipid is necessary for calcification of a calculus matrix. Matrix was prepared by decalcification of dental calculus. The matrix calcified when it was exposed to a metastable calcium phosphate solution. After extraction with chloroform-methanol, the matrix lost the capacity to calcify. The lipid extract was calcifiable.