cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highly Disordered Proteins in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the major threats to the man’s health. There are several mechanisms of the prostate cancer development characterized by the involvement of various androgen-related and androgen-unrelated factors in prostate cancer pathogenesis and in the metastatic carcinogenesis of prostate. In all these processes, proteins play various important roles, and the KEGG database has information on 88 human proteins experimentally shown to be involved in prostate cancer. It is known that many proteins associated with different human maladies are intrinsically disordered (i.e., they do not have stable secondary and/or tertiary structure in their unbound states). The goal of this review is to consider several highly disordered proteins known to be associated with the prostate cancer pathogenesis in order to better understand the roles of disordered proteins in this disease. We also hope that consideration of the pathology-related proteins from the perspective of intrinsic disorder can potentially lead to future experimental studies of these proteins to find novel pathways associated with prostate cancer.
Consultation-liaison psychiatry: Advantages for healthcare systems

Consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatry is psychiatry for the medically ill. This review describes the evolution of CL psychiatry from its origins in early 20th century general hospitals to the present era. The differences between CL psychiatry and general psychiatry are emphasized. The CL psychiatrist works in a multi-specialty and interdisciplinary environment whereas the general psychiatrist may not. Because of the CL psychiatrist’s experience with comorbid psychiatric and physical illness, he/she is skilled in the management of psychiatric comorbidity in the medically ill. Healthcare systems now require integrated models of service delivery in resource-sensitive environments. The CL psychiatrist is qualified to advise fellow physicians and other healthcare practitioners in how to manage psychiatric illness. CL psychiatrists have clinical, educational, administrative and research roles that are valuable in the delivery of comprehensive medical care in integrated, outcome-oriented systems.
The Donation Collections Routing Problem

This paper introduces the donation collections problem (DCP), which is a network routing problem motivated by certain challenges that arise during the response phase immediately following large-scale disaster events. In particular, catastrophic events are often characterized by a dramatic surge of unsolicited donations and spontaneous volunteers that pose significant logistical problems for officials, and also inhibit the organized relief efforts of professional responders. The purpose of the DCP is to present a practical alternative for managing post-disaster logistics operations associated with material and volunteer convergence. The DCP is represented mathematically is an integer programming problem. We propose a host of common sense heuristic policies to generate routes for the DCP, and then evaluate the performance of these heuristic methods through computational experimentation. Our results indicate that longer routes are generally preferable to shorter ones based on the DCP objective function, and that network nodes characterized by rapid accumulation of donations should be served during the latter portion of a route’s execution. Our findings also show that routing strategies that would be potentially appealing to inexperienced volunteers produce extraordinarily undesirable results. The collections routing literature almost entirely focuses on the development of optimal or near optimal solution algorithms. However, the humanitarian contexts that motivate the DCP warrant examination of simple heuristic policies that can be easily implemented in practice. This approach seems to represent a unique line of inquiry in the domain of collection routing.
Working women in the city and urban wage growth in the United States

Although the female labor force participation rate of women has been steadily rising in the United States, there is substantial variation across cities. Previous cross-county studies find that gender inequality in employment reduces economic efficiency hindering growth. This result is examined in a regional context, across metropolitan areas in the United States. Throughout multiple model formulations including instrumental variables approaches, higher initial female labor force participation rates are positively related to subsequent wage growth in metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2010. Specifically, every 10 percent increase in female labor force participation rates is associated with an increase in real wages of nearly 5 percent.
Follow-Up/Late Effects Clinics

The need for high-quality late effects clinics for sarcoma survivors has increased proportionately with prolonged patient survival with current sarcoma treatment. In spite of all these developments, there is still a need for a universal set of evidence-based clinical guidelines for both soft tissue and bone sarcomas in order to best streamline care and in order to clarify the standard of follow-up care for sarcoma survivors. Using these late effects clinics to identify clinical and treatment characteristics of patients with the greatest morbidity and mortality may help physicians to develop a global set of risk assessment tools, as well as counseling and health screening recommendations for sarcoma survivors around the world. Achieving cost-effective and widespread follow-up will be more attainable with the implementation of universal clinical guidelines, which are lacking at this time. There remains significant potential for future studies regarding the treatment and long-term follow-up of extremity bone-based and soft tissue sarcomas, with modifications that account for individual characteristics and expected prognosis of each patient and each tumor.
Methadone Self-Prescription by Heroin Addicts in An In-Patient Detoxification Program

In a detoxification program where heroin addicts self-prescribed methadone during a 28-day period, it was demonstrated that drug taking can be brought under treatment control. Self-prescription occurred within a group setting; dose selections were common knowledge among group members. Group influence appeared to minimize withdrawal symptoms and to encourage dose reductions, but it must similarly be held accountable for dose increases. For lasting change, effective treatment procedures must strengthen self-controls of drug-free behavior.
Patient, Provider, and System Factors Associated With Failure to Follow-Up Elevated Glucose Results in Patients Without Diagnosed Diabetes.

Background:Although elevated glucose values are strongly associated with undiagnosed diabetes, they are frequently overlooked. Patient, provider, and system factors associated with failure to follo...
How Does the Central Atom Substitution Impact the Properties of a Criegee Intermediate? Insights from Multireference Calculations.

Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI)-based multireference calculations have been performed to better understand the ground state properties and the photodissociation mechanism of SiH2OO, a silicon analogue of the parent Criegee intermediate, CH2OO. The CASSCF/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z results suggest that the ground state of SiH2OO is severely multireference in nature. This explains why SiH2OO could not be characterized in recently reported coupled cluster calculations. An important implication of this multireference character is the dramatically enhanced reactivity of SiH2OO, i.e., the calculated barrier for the cyclization of SiH2OO is only 4.4 kcal/mol, which is nearly 10 kcal/mol lower than that reported for the CH2OO case. The MRCI/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z results on the evolution of the low-lying singlet electronic states along the OO bond suggest that SiH2OO absorbs strongly in the near UV–vis region. These results improve our fundamental understandi...
The Politics of Provisioning: Feeding South Asian Prisoners During the First World War

During the First World War, the German and British Governments supplied culturally appropriate rations and secured special facilities for food preparation and consumption for South Asian prisoners ...
Targeting Insulin for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Status and Potential Directions

Insulin resistance can occur when the body is unable to respond to insulin even in excess. In the brain, insulin manages glucose metabolism in regions such as the hippocampus and plays a key role in directly regulating ERK, a kinase required for the type of memory compromised in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human imaging studies show that brain glucose utilization declines with age and is notably impaired in subjects with early AD. Likewise, animal models of AD or insulin resistance, or both, demonstrate that dysfunctional insulin signaling and insulin resistance in the brain have reciprocity with neuroinflammation and aberrant accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), pathological hallmarks in AD. As such, the association between brain insulin activity and AD has led to clinical trials testing the efficacy of insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs to intervene in AD. Based on recent inquiries to ClinicalTrials.gov, we evaluated thirty-three clinical studies related to AD and insulin. The search filtered for interventional clinical trials to test FDA-approved drugs or substances that impinge upon the insulin signaling pathway. Insulin, metformin, and thiazolidinediones were the three main interventions assessed. Overall, these strategies are expected to negate the effects of brain insulin resistance by targeting insulin signaling pathways involved in neuroinflammation, metabolic homeostasis, synaptic functional and structural integrity. The goal of this review is to provide an update on insulin and ERK signaling in relation to memory, its decline in early AD, and provide an overview of clinical trials related to insulin for early AD intervention.
Quality Control in Cord Blood Banking

The hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the umbilical cord (HPC, Cord Blood) have the potential to engraft and differentiate in the bone marrow with subsequent trilineage hematopoiesis. The collection, processing and storage of HPC, Cord Blood should preserve the cell number and characteristics to protect their hematopoietic potential. Federal regulations establish guidelines for HPC, Cord Blood manufacturing and testing to ensure the safety, purity, potency and identity of the product. Accrediting organizations for cord blood banks, including the AABB and the Foundation for Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT), provide a series of guidelines for developing safe processes and procedures in cellular therapy activities. Additionally, clinical data based on outcome analysis provide evidence to help in the process of unit selection for a given patient, based on compatibility, cell dose and potency of the product.
Interpretation of Mass Spectrometry Data through Linear Free Energy Relationships

It was observed several years ago1,2 that correlations of the intensities of peaks in mass spectra with Hammett σ constants could be found. Fig. 10.1 illustrates one of the best of these; others have been collected in an earlier review.3 The present review is concerned with explanations of such correlations. To do this, it is necessary to consider the factors which influence the relative intensities of ions in mass spectra, and how these factors for a given type of compound may be affected by substituents.
Summary of Workshop on Future Directions in Theory of 3D Magnetic Confinement Systems

A workshop on Future Directions in Theory of 3D Magnetic Confinement Systems was held in Oak Ridge, Tennessee on January 7–9, 2002. The broad objectives of the workshop were: to have a scientific exchange on issues and opportunities for theory of 3D confinement systems and to identify crucial issues not presently being adequately addressed; to provide a forum for the experimental programs to communicate needs and priorities to the theory community; to draw in researchers not traditionally associated with stellarators; and, finally, to stimulate the formation of collaborations and possible new initiatives. The workshop was organized around seven topical sessions: input from experimental programs, MHD, confinement, modeling and diagnostics, wave propagation and RF applications, optimization, and edge physics modeling. The workshop attracted a wide cross section of U.S. fusion researchers, totaling 38 attendees from four laboratories and seven universities.
Building the building blocks

Large-scale quantum computations are hampered by the propagation of errors. Experiments have now demonstrated the deterministic teleportation of a quantum gate, which prevents error propagation by using a combination of quantum and classical bits.
Home Health Care of Veterans

This commentary familiarizes the reader with prevalent issues regarding home health care of veterans. The primary issue is the unfamiliarity of the caretaker—most often a family member—in understan...
Eye Movement Underpinnings of the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES): Computerized Analysis of Rapid Picture Naming Using EyeLink (P6.039)

Objective: The Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) is a new test of rapid picture naming that is under investigation in youth, collegiate and professional athlete cohorts as a concussion screening tool. The purpose of this study is to determine the ocular motor underpinnings, including saccade characteristics, required to perform this vision-based performance measure. Background: The MULES includes 54 color photographs of fruits, objects and animals. It has demonstrated excellent feasibility for administration among adult volunteers and in cohorts of athletes of all ages at pre-season baseline. MULES likely captures a more extensive vision network in the brain compared to rapid number naming, integrating saccades, color perception and object identification. Video-oculographic studies of the King-Devick (K-D) test of rapid number naming demonstrate prolonged inter-saccadic intervals (ISI) among individuals with longer testing times. Design/Methods: Participants underwent testing with the paper-based MULES as well as the computer screen-based version (eMULES) designed for simultaneous testing with infrared-based video-oculography (Eye Link 1000+). Saccade velocity, duration and the inter-saccadic interval were measured. Results: Among adult volunteers (n=23, aged 19–45) and patients with recent concussion (n=6, aged 17–43), those with the greatest number of saccades had the longest eMULES completion times ( r S =0.48, p =0.008). In this cohort, prolonged ISI was not associated with greater eMULES testing times ( r S =0.06, p =0.76). Conclusions: Longer testing times for the MULES likely reflect greater numbers of saccades rather than prolongation of the ISI. This pattern may reflect greater degrees of cognitive activity and visual pathway complexity for picture compared to number naming. Underlying dynamics for eye movements are likely to differ between the MULES and K-D, supporting complementary roles for each in concussion assessment. Study Supported by: NYU School of Medicine and the State of New York (ECRIP grant) Disclosure: Dr. Hasanaj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hudson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rizzo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rucker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Galetta has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as a consultant. Dr. Balcer has personal compensation for activities with Biogen.
Using an EMP2 IgG1 antibody as a novel therapy for therapy-resistant breast cancers.

e22161 Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with several subtypes which dictate which course of treatment each patient will receive. However, resistance remains a significant challe...
A phase II trial to evaluate pemetrexed clinical responses in relation to tumor methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene status in patients with previously treated metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

385Background: According to The Cancer Genome Atlas, 26.8% of bladder tumors harbor homozygous deletion of the MTAP gene, which encodes for an essential enzyme for the salvage pathway of nucleotide...
Considerations for Building a Prosperous and Self-Determining Osage Nation Through Education:

This case introduces the current educational leadership context found in the executive branch of the Osage Nation, which is experiencing an era of rapid growth in the wake of a constitutional refor...
Pathogen Colonization Resistance in the Gut and Its Manipulation for Improved Health

Mammals have coevolved with a large community of symbiotic, commensal, and some potentially pathogenic microbes. The trillions of bacteria and hundreds of species in our guts form a relatively stable community that resists invasion by outsiders, including pathogens. This powerful protective force is referred to as colonization resistance. We discuss the variety of proposed or demonstrated mechanisms that can mediate colonization resistance and some potential ways to manipulate them for improved human health. Instances in which certain bacterial pathogens can overcome colonization resistance are also discussed.
Engaging corruption: new ideas for the International Monetary Fund

AbstractThe IMF’s standard ways of engaging with countries need redoing for complicated, politically loaded issues like corruption. This paper suggests what might be done inside the Fund and with c...
59 Reducing IV infiltration and potential harm in the pediatric emergency department – KASCH

Background There was a significant increase in intravenous (IV) infiltration in the month of March 2016 in the Pediatric Emergency Department - KASCH. The Acute Care team noted an increase in IV-related incidence and there were 30 generated safety reporting system (SRS) reports from January to March 2016. This prompted the unit leaders to create a taskforce in order to review the causes and the factors leading to incidence and causing patient harm. Methods Using the PDSA (plan-do-study-act) quality model, the quality improvement team collected data generated through the SRS on IV infiltration/extravasation. The reports were analyzed as to the causes and harm of the incident. Using a cause and effect diagram, the team identified the root causes as non-adherence to the insertion and sterility technique, staff competency on IV insertion and monitoring, type of dressing used, lighting, and lack of guidelines to support the practice. In order to draw a reliable conclusion, several PDSA cycles were tested and implemented: (1) data collection and audit tool design; (2) staff education and standardized documentation; (3) formulation of the escalation process and guidelines; and (4) continuous monitoring and auditing of IV infiltration/extravasation and regular reporting to the daily key performance indicator (KPI). Results For the initial throughput of the project, the IV Watchers on the Move Team noted a marked decrease in infiltration in August 2018 as evidenced by the nurses’ compliance in IV infiltration prevention strategies - i.e., (1) hourly IV site checks, (2) mandatory use of smart pumps, and (3) timely and accurate documentation of IV assessment. Conclusion The IV Watchers on the Move QI Project was able to design a mechanism to reduce the potential harm caused by infiltration. Part of the intervention was the hourly assessment and early recognition of impending infiltration. Nurses were instructed to be cautious when administering highly concentrated medications. With all of the efforts and initiative shown throughout, the pediatric patients benefited from the successful interventions that finally led to the safe delivery of nursing care.
The Synthesis and Design of Communication Antennas Using Genetic Algorithms

This chapter discusses the design and optimization of communication antenna arrays through genetic algorithms. A genetic algorithm approach to communication antenna design is presented by considering two different applications of array synthesis. The first application will investigate a method of creating thinned aperiodic linear phased arrays that will have suppressed grating lobes with increased scan angles. In addition, the genetic algorithm will place restrictions on the driving point impedance of each array element so that they are well behaved during scanning. The second application involves using a domaindecomposition / reciprocity procedure in conjunction with genetic algorithms to design microstrip patch antenna arrays mounted on an arbitrarily-shaped threedimensional metallic platform, such as a base station tower. In this application a genetic algorithm synthesis procedure is introduced that is capable of determining the optimal set of element excitation phases required to yield a desired or specified far-field radiation pattern.
Consistency of the biphasic nature of excess enthalpy in solid-state anomalous phenomena with the quasi-one-dimensional model of isotope loading into a material

Electrochemical experiments, using nickel cathodes in light water solutions, were used to examine the enthalpy generated by electrically driving each electrode pair compared with ohmic controls contained within the same solution. For nickel wire cathodes, the peak power amplifications ({pi}{sub Ni}) was in the range of 1.44{sup {+-}0.58}. For spiral-wound nickel cathodes with platinum foil anodes, {pi}{sub Ni} was 2.27{sup {+-}1.02}. By contrast, neither iron nor aluminum cathodes demonstrated excess heat. Driving these nickel samples beyond several volts, however, produced an exponential falloff of the power gain. This biphasic response to increasing input power may be consistent with the quasi-one-dimensional model of isotope loading and may contribute to the difficulty of reproducing these phenomena. 36 refs., 6 figs.
Variations on the Collapsing Lemma

Graham Priest has frequently employed a construction in which a classical first-order model \(\mathfrak {A}\) may be collapsed into a three-valued model \(\mathfrak {A}^{\sim }\) suitable for interpretations in Priest’s logic of paradox (\(\mathsf {LP}\)). The source of this construction’s utility is Priest’s Collapsing Lemma, which guarantees that a formula true in the model \(\mathfrak {A}\) will continue to be true in \(\mathfrak {A}^{\sim }\) (although the formula may also be false in \(\mathfrak {A}^{\sim }\)). In light of the utility and elegance of the Collapsing Lemma, extending variations of the lemma to other deductive calculi becomes very attractive. The aim of this paper is to map out some of the frontiers of the Collapsing Lemma by describing the types of expansions or revisions to \(\mathsf {LP}\) for which the Collapsing Lemma continues to hold and a number of cases in which the lemma cannot be salvaged. Among what is shown is that the lemma holds for a strictly more expressive form of \(\mathsf {LP}\) including nullary truth and falsity constants, that any conditional connective that can be added to \(\mathsf {LP}\) without inhibiting the lemma must be theoremhood-preserving, and that the Collapsing Lemma extends to the paraconsistent weak Kleene logic \(\mathsf {PWK}\) as well.
Effect of Learning GIS on Spatial Concept Understanding

Marsh et al.’s tests of appropriate spatial relationship concepts were administered to groups of college students to determine whether learning GIS enhances students’ overall ability to generate an...
Original contributionAcute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis: one disease or two?

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the etiology and natural history of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) with and without splenic or portal vein involvement.
Crosstalks between Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) and autophagy in cancer

Abstract The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers and is closely linked in the regulation of the various phenotypic properties of cancer. YY1 regulates cell viability, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, metastasis, and the resistance to chemo-immuno-therapeutic cytotoxic drugs. Its overexpression has also been associated with poor prognosis. Autophagy is a cellular process that cancer cells regulate for their own survival under stress conditions. Hence, both YY1 and autophagy share common properties in cancer and, therefore, it was hypothesized that YY1 may regulate autophagy in cancer via several crosstalk signaling pathways. The analyses identified, indeed, the presence of multiple crosstalks that primarily consisted of the followings: (1) the YY1/p53 autophagy axis, (2) the YY1/Atg genes autophagy axis, (3) the YY1/LC3 autophagy axis, (4) the YY1/miR 30a autophagy axis, (5) the YY1/miR 372 autophagy axis, and (6) the dysregulated NF-kB/SNAIL/YY1/RKIP/PTEN autophagy axis. Clearly, these various crosstalks supported the proposed hypothesis and demonstrated an additional activity for YY1 in the regulation of autophagy in cancer. The implication of these findings is that targeting either the crosstalk pathways and/or directly YY1 may be detrimental to the tumor cell survival, growth, invasion, metastasis, resistance and, subsequently, leading to tumor regression.
Ensemble Learning Based on Convolutional Neural Networks for the Classification of Retinal Diseases from Optical Coherence Tomography Images

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic macular edema (DME) are retinal disease that can cause permanent vision loss. AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in individuals aged 65 and above and DME is the largest caused of visual loss of patients with diabetes in the world. Early detection and treatment is important to treat or delay the progress. Ophthalmologists use Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) as one of key modalities to diagnose the diseases and decide whether to perform anti-VEGF therapy since it provides cross-section of patients' retina layers. Unfortunately, it is a tedious and time consuming work for ophthalmologist to analyze the images since OCT provides several images for each patient. Therefore, this paper propose automated methods to categorize the images into four categories (Choroidal neovascularization (CNV), Diabetic macular edema (DME), Drusen, and Normal) using deep learning and ensemble learning methods. Several Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are adapted for the classification. To standardize training and test images, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) is applied to remove noise and a projection method is used to adjust tilted retina layers in the images. We train several CNNs and implement an ensemble learning model based on CNNs to further improve the performance. Among the CNNs, ResNet152 shows the best results with 0.9810 accuracy, 0.9810 sensitivity, and 0.9937 specificity, and the ensemble learning based on three ResNet152 shows 0.989 accuracy, 0.989 sensitivity, and 0.996 specificity.
Probing the Cleavage Activity of the Hammerhead Ribozyme Using Analog Complexes

Sequence-specific self-cleavage of RNAs by transesterification or hydrolysis of the target phosphodiester residue has been observed in a number of biological systems (Symons 1991; Pyle 1993). The hammerhead ribozyme is a relatively small RNA catalyst that is derived from a structural motif present in the RNA genomes of several plant pathogens, where it is believed that RNA-mediated cleavage events are an essential step in the viroid’s replication pathway (Forster and Symons 1987a; Symons 1989). The hammerhead complex consists of three helical stems (Forster and Symons 1987b; Uhlenbeck 1987) and includes eleven consensus nucleotides that appear to be responsible for the formation of a catalytically active domain (see Fig. 1; Ruffner et al. 1990). Nine of these conserved residues are nominally single-stranded, but may fold into an ordered structure upon binding of the substrate and/or the metal cofactor in order to stabilize the transition state resulting along the cleavage pathway. Cleavage of the RNA occurs by an internal transesterification reaction involving the 2′-hydroxyl adjacent to the scissile phosphodiester, generating a terminal 5′-hydroxyl fragment and a terminal 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate fragment (Uhlenbeck 1987).The reaction follows an in-line SN2 mechanism with inversion of configuration at the phosphorus center (van Tol et al. 1990; Slim and Gait 1991). Although in nature the hammerhead structures result from the folding of a single RNA strand, synthetic complexes composed of two or even three fragments also exhibit substantial cleavage activity and multiple turnover effects (Uhlenbeck 1987; Haseloff and Gerlach 1988; Koizumi et al. 1988; Jefferies and Symons 1989; Koizumi et al. 1989).
Effects of Dietary Fiber on Nutrients Utilization and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities

Many fibrous ingredients incorporated in poultry feed to reduce production costs have low digestibility and cause poor growth in poultry. However, all plant-based fibers are not equal, and thus exert variable physiological effects on the birds, including but not limited to, digestibility, growth performance, and microbial fermentation. Several types of fibers, especially oligosaccharides, when supplemented in poultry diets in isolated form, exhibit prebiotic effects by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota, modulating gut immunity, boosting intestinal mucosal health, and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the gut. Recently, poultry producers are also facing the challenge of limiting the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed. In addition to other alternatives in use, exogenous non-starch polysaccharides digesting enzymes (NSPase) and prebiotics are being used to provide substrates to support the gut microbiome. We also conducted a meta-analysis of different studies conducted in similar experimental conditions to evaluate the variability and conclusiveness in effects of NSPase on growth performance of broilers fed fibrous ingredients. This review presents a holistic approach in discussing the existing challenges of incorporating high-fiber ingredients in poultry feed, as well as strategies to fully utilize the potential of such ingredients in improving feed efficiency and gut health of poultry.
Publication of Pharmacy Residency Research: A 12-Year Cohort From an Academic Medical Center.

BACKGROUND Pharmacy residency programs provide research training experiences to residents, and publication is considered an indicator of high-quality research experiences. OBJECTIVE This study described attributes of pharmacy residents, residency programs, and residency major research projects and their associations with the outcome of publication in a peer-reviewed journal. METHODS Pharmacy residents who graduated from one academic medical center between 2001 and 2012 were invited to participate via an electronic survey distributed in February 2014. The survey collected attributes of the resident, residency program, and research project. The outcome of publication was self-reported by residents in 2014 and updated in July 2019 using a validated search strategy. RESULTS This study included 53 resident graduates representing 66 major pharmacy residency projects. Eighteen (27%) projects were published, occurring at an average of 13.8 months after residency graduation. The outcome of publication was more likely for residents with human subjects research experience prior to PGY1 training, residency programs that cultivated resident expertise in Institutional Review Board submission and statistical analysis, and projects with Institutional Review Board approval, a larger number of co-investigators, non-pharmacy co-investigators, and a larger sample size. CONCLUSION This cohort of residents, programs, and projects at an academic medical center identified many modifiable attributes that were associated with successful publication of resident research projects. Unfortunately, residency projects rarely used study design features that attenuate bias. Residents and preceptors were perceived as having limited expertise with statistical analysis and database management, which underscores the need to develop research infrastructure to enhance research training for pharmacy students, residents, and preceptors.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Mechanism of Solid–Liquid Interface Migration and Defect Formation in Al3Sm Alloy

We developed a Finnis–Sinclair potential suitable for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of solidification of Al3Sm alloy. The MD simulation showed a layer-by-layer solid–liquid interface (SLI) motion mechanism in the [001] direction. The SLI migration seems to be satisfactorily described by Wilson–Frenkel theory in the temperature interval from 0.7Tm to Tm. It was found that the SLI passes an atomic plane as soon as the Sm sublattice is formed while the Al sublattice keeps forming for a while after that, and high Al diffusivity is observed in the solid phase. Those unsettled Al atoms trapped in solid phase will leave vacancies and form defects.
Hybrid Symmetry Epitaxy of the Superconducting Fe(Te,Se) Film on a Topological Insulator

It is challenging to grow an epitaxial 4-fold compound superconductor (SC) on a 6-fold topological insulator (TI) platform due to the stringent lattice-matching requirement. Here, we demonstrate that Fe(Te,Se) can grow epitaxially on a TI (Bi2Te3) layer due to accidental, uniaxial lattice match, which is dubbed as "hybrid symmetry epitaxy". This new growth mode is critical to stabilizing robust superconductivity with TC as high as 13 K. Furthermore, the superconductivity in this FeTe1-xSex/Bi2Te3 system survives in the Te-rich phase with Se content as low as x = 0.03 but vanishes at Se content above x = 0.56, exhibiting a phase diagram that is quite different from that of the conventional Fe(Te,Se) systems. This unique heterostructure platform that can be formed in both TI-on-SC and SC-on-TI sequences opens a route to unprecedented topological heterostructures.
Bond Rating Agencies and Stock Analysts: Who Knows What When?

Both bond rating agencies and stock analysts evaluate publicly traded companies and com? municate their opinions to investors. Comparing the timeliness of each, we find that Granger causality flows both ways. While most bond downgrades are preceded by declines in actual and forecast earnings, both actual earnings and forecasts of future earnings tend to fall following downgrades. Although part of this post-downgrade forecast revision can be attributed to negative news regarding actual earnings, most appears to be reaction to the downgrade itself. We find little change in actual earnings following upgrades. Analysts, however, tend to increase their forecasts of future earnings.
Global Increases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neutralization Sensitivity Due to Alterations in the Membrane-Proximal External Region of the Envelope Glycoprotein Can be Minimized by Distant State 1-Stabilizing Changes

Binding to the receptor, CD4, drives the pretriggered, “closed” (State-1) conformation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ((gp120/gp41)3) into more “open” conformations. HIV-1 Env on the viral membrane is maintained in a State-1 conformation that resists binding and neutralization by commonly elicited antibodies. Premature triggering of Env before the virus engages a target cell typically leads to increased susceptibility to spontaneous inactivation or ligand-induced neutralization. Here, we show that single amino acid substitutions in the gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of a primary HIV-1 strain result in viral phenotypes indicative of premature triggering of Env to downstream conformations. Specifically, the MPER changes reduced viral infectivity and globally increased virus sensitivity to poorly neutralizing antibodies, soluble CD4, a CD4-mimetic compound, and exposure to cold. By contrast, the MPER mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to the State-1 preferring inhibitor, BMS-806, and to the PGT151 broadly neutralizing antibody. Depletion of cholesterol from virus particles did not produce the same State 1-destabilizing phenotypes as MPER alterations. Notably, State 1-stabilizing changes in Env distant from the MPER could minimize the phenotypic effects of MPER alteration, but did not affect virus sensitivity to cholesterol depletion. Thus, membrane-proximal gp41 elements contribute to the maintenance of the pretriggered Env conformation. The conformationally disruptive effects of MPER changes can be minimized by distant State 1-stabilizing Env modifications, a strategy that may be useful in preserving the native pretriggered state of Env.
Finding My Niche

I AM TEN YEARS OLD and having trouble with math. So much trouble in fact that I am serving this afternoon a kind of detention, sitting at the kitchen table trying to make sense of long division. I can't. Into my remainders, my divisors won't go and after awhile I ex perience true excruciation: through me shoots a little panic that, stopping in the penis, snaps the pencil in my hand. I have never before snapped a pencil in my hand and thrilled and appalled by the glassy shatter of lead and wood, the miniature baseball bat complete with oval black trademark that I've broken, a word crackles through my mind. That word is cocksucker and though I don't know its precise meaning and have never spoken it be fore, its c's and k's seem so completely to correspond to my problem with long division, I know I am about to try the word on my income tax frazzled mother. Ido.
Novel differentiator designs with applications to system simulation

Novel designs for FIR (finite impulse response) digital differentiators are used in the computation of the impedance and impulse response for an electrical system. The differentiators have linear phase and are maximally linear. Their design is optimal in terms of integrated energy for the passband and stopband. The impedance and impulse response are determined from partial knowledge of the system step response. Initially, the step response is represented in digital form. After some finite time, it can be described analytically. The derivative of the digital representation for the step response must be accurately determined and matched with the derivative of the analytic function continuation. An example is provided which demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique. >
Developing Christian Identity: Examples from Churches in Indonesian Contexts

For the comparatively young Protestant churches in Indonesia, questions of Christian identity are of vital importance within their cultural environments which are shaped by other religions. Drawing on examples of developments in the history of three Indonesian churches in Sulawesi, Java and Bali, different aspects of the struggle to contextualize Christian identity are traced. For this, two Academic concepts of Indonesian contextual theology are employed, those of Theodorus Kobong and Emanuel Gerrit Singgih. Interpreted with the aid of basic categories used in theories of intercultural theology, those developments are read as pointing to the question on which role ecclesial practice plays within the hermeneutic circle between text and context for constituting Christian identity.
Brain aldehyde dehydrogenase. Localization, purification, and properties.

Abstract Aldehyde-oxidizing capacity has been measured in rat, monkey, and bovine brain with the use of indole-3-acetaldehyde and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as substrates. The enzyme activity was found to be uniformly distributed in various areas of bovine brain. Mitochondria, prepared by differential and density gradient centrifugation of rat brain homogenates, contained a major portion of the total aldehyde-oxidizing activity while smaller amounts were present in the supernatant fraction. The enzyme was purified from fresh bovine brain and also from frozen and thawed bovine and monkey brains. It has been separated from succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. The apparent pH optimum is 10, above which irreversible denaturation occurs. A number of aliphatic aldehydes ranging from formaldehyde to palmitic aldehyde and aldehydes derived from serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) were substrates for the enzyme. The rates of oxidation could be correlated with the electropositive nature of the carbonyl carbon atom. The Km values were exceptionally low and ranged from 2 x 10-7 M to 7 x 10-5 M. The enzyme was specific for NAD and NAD analogues. No activity was observed with NADP. The effect of several sulfhydryl-characterizing reagents on the monkey brain enzyme was determined. Tetraethylthiuram disulfide and p-chloromercuribenzoate produced 50% inhibition at approximately 5 x 10-5 M while the enzyme was much less sensitive to γ-(p-arsenosophenyl)-n-butyrate. This study provides direct evidence for the oxidation of aldehydes arising from biologically active amines in the brain. Brain aldehyde dehydrogenase may also be important in oxidizing toxic aldehydes derived from exogenous sources, e.g. acetaldehyde from ethanol.
An exploration of performance attributes for symbolic modeling of emerging processing devices

Vector, emerging (homogenous and heterogeneous) multi-core and a number of accelerator processing devices potentially offer an order of magnitude speedup for scientific applications that are capable of exploiting their SIMD execution units over microprocessor execution times. Nevertheless, identifying, mapping and achieving high performance for a diverse set of scientific algorithms is a challenging task, let alone the performance predictions and projections on these devices. The conventional performance modeling strategies are unable to capture the performance characteristics of complex processing systems and, therefore, fail to predict achievable runtime performance. Moreover, most efforts involved in developing a performance modeling strategy and subsequently a framework for unique and emerging processing devices is prohibitively expensive. In this study, we explore a minimum set of attributes that are necessary to capture the performance characteristics of scientific calculations on the Cray X1E multi-streaming, vector processor. We include a set of specialized performance attributes of the X1E system including the degrees of multi-streaming and vectorization within our symbolic modeling framework called Modeling Assertions (MA). Using our scheme, the performance prediction error rates for a scientific calculation are reduced from over 200% to less than 25%.
Approximate Decoupling of the Equations of Motion of Large Flexible Structures

One common method in solving a normalized linear system (representing a large flexible structure), with small off-diagonal damping elements is to replace the normalized damping matrix by a selected diagonal matrix. The extent of approximation introduced by this method of decoupling the system is evaluated, and tight error bounds are derived. Moreover, it is shown that, if the normalized damping matrix is diagonally dominant, then among all diagonal matrices, the one that minimizes the error bound is simply the diagonal matrix obtained by neglecting the off-diagonal elements of the normalized damping matrix.
Global Warming and Water Management: Water Allocation and Project Evaluation

This paper explores the sensitivity of the benefits of alternative water allocation schemes and of project evaluation to global warming. If global warming shifts the mean of annual water supplies, there could be large impacts on the expected values of alternative water allocation schemes. The first section of the paper explores how well alternative schemes (such as market mechanisms, prior rights, or percentage flows) perform if the distribution of flows changes. In a case study of the Colorado River, market mechanisms and flow guarantees result in smaller impacts than rules which allocate inefficient percentages of flows to heterogeneous users. The second part of the paper explores the effect of a gradually changing distribution of flows on project evaluations. Project evaluation is sensitive to predicted future changes in mean flows. Project evaluation is not sensitive to changes in the variance of future flows unless the variance increase is large and the benefit measure is highly curvilinear. Because basin-specific changes in runoff from global warming are currently uncertain and much delayed, most project analyses will be unaffected by global warming. The most important response by water managers to climate change may simply be to closely monitor runoff and incorporate flexible rules in order to adapt their behavior to observed changes.
Constructing a Framework of Authoritarian Diffusion: Concepts, Dynamics, and Future Research

As the color revolutions have stalled and the challenge to democracy by authoritarianism has increased, it is essential to explore the potential of a new ``reverse wave'' which may create a greater balance between liberalism and autocracy. This article seeks to begin this process by outlining a framework of authoritarian diffusion. Two key diffusion dynamics are outlined: appropriateness, the impact of changes in the relative normative power of democracy/autocracy, and effectiveness, how the successes of authoritarian countries increase the chances that others will see them as role models. A number of contributing factors are also identified, which make these processes more or less likely. These include: geography, linkage, international organizations, great power prestige, and reference groups. If we are to understand the future strength of authoritarianism as a global or regional phenomenon, which affects, reinforces, and aggravates domestic conditions, then a new theoretical framework is necessary.
Feynman Diagrams and Cutting Rules

We show how Feynman diagrams may be evaluated to take advantage of recent developments in the application of Cutkosky rules to the calculation of one-loop amplitudes. A sample calculation of gg->gH, previously calculated by Ellis et al., is presented illustrating this equivalence. This example demonstrates the use of cutting rules for massive amplitudes.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

This article examines the ecotoxicological effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The intent was to provide a general overview of the relevant ecotoxicological studies for these ubiquitous compounds and to provide basic information on environmental chemistry, sources, basic ecotoxicological methods, and important controlling factors for bioaccumulation and toxicity. The most critical determinants for PAH-specific bioaccumulation and toxicity include toxicokinetics (uptake and elimination kinetics), toxicodynamics (potency), biotransformation, and physicochemical properties. Photoactivation of PAHs and the potential for increased toxicity are also discussed in general terms and for specific taxa. All major toxicological responses known for PAHs are examined with most of the emphasis on sublethal effects, including adverse effects on growth, reproduction, development, the immune system, and resulting mutagenic effects. Most of the available data are for invertebrates and fish, which provide several examples and allow for generalizations across compounds. While far from exhaustive, relevant examples for birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and plants are also provided. Although few toxicology data exist for PAHs, information regarding water and sediment protection levels is included.