cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Age on Negative Subsequent Memory Effects Associated with the Encoding of Item and Item–Context Information

It has consistently been reported that “negative” subsequent memory effects—lower study activity for later remembered than later forgotten items—are attenuated in older individuals. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated whether these findings extend to subsequent memory effects associated with successful encoding of item–context information. Older (n = 25) and young (n = 17) subjects were scanned while making 1 of 2 encoding judgments on a series of pictures. Memory was assessed for the study item and, for items judged old, the item's encoding task. Both memory judgments were made using confidence ratings, permitting item and source memory strength to be unconfounded and source confidence to be equated across age groups. Replicating prior findings, negative item effects in regions of the default mode network in young subjects were reversed in older subjects. Negative source effects, however, were invariant with respect to age and, in both age groups, the magnitude of the effects correlated with source memory performance. It is concluded that negative item effects do not reflect processes necessary for the successful encoding of item–context associations in older subjects. Negative source effects, in contrast, appear to reflect the engagement of processes that are equally important for successful episodic encoding in older and younger individuals.
Apolipoprotein E expression is elevated by interleukin 1 and other interleukin 1-induced factors

Background We have previously outlined functional interactions, including feedback cycles, between several of the gene products implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A number of Alzheimer-related stressors induce neuronal expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), and fragments of the latter such as amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and secreted APP (sAPP). These stressors include interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated neuroinflammation and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Such circumstances are especially powerful when they transpire in the context of an APOE e4 allele.
Cost-sharing for emergency care and unfavorable clinical events: findings from the safety and financial ramifications of ED copayments study.

Patients in the United States are paying more for their health care, in part through additional or higher copayments. This increased cost-sharing could improve efficiency if patients reduce unnecessary use of resources, but also could result in worse health if patients avoid necessary care (Phelps 1992; Rubin and Mendelson 1995; Zweifel and Manning 2000). Currently, we have limited information on whether cost-sharing has harmful clinical effects. Studies including the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE) have found that cost-sharing reduces both health care use and expenditures (O'Grady et al. 1985; Newhouse and The Insurance Experiment Group 1993; Selby, Fireman, and Swain 1996). Previous work by members of our team found that emergency department (ED) copayments reduced ED visits and expenditures, and appeared to decrease ED visits for low severity diagnoses preferentially (O'Grady et al. 1985; Selby et al. 1996). These and other studies also had limited ability to detect possible changes in unfavorable clinical events associated with ED care (i.e., adverse effects of ED cost-sharing resulting from delayed or avoided ED visits), given the large population sizes needed to assess changes in these typically rare events (Keeler et al. 1985; Lohr et al. 1986; Shapiro, Ware, and Sherbourne 1986; Lurie et al. 1989; Solanki, Schauffler, and Miller 2000; Wong et al. 2001). There is, however, substantial evidence of poor health outcomes associated with being uninsured, which represents an extreme version of cost-sharing (Weissman, Gatsonis, and Epstein 1992; Ayanian et al. 1993; Braveman et al. 1994; Blustein 1995; Baker et al. 2001; Institute of Medicine 2001; McWilliams et al. 2003). We evaluated whether the amount of cost-sharing for emergency care decreased ED visits, and whether there was any association between the cost-sharing amount and unfavorable clinical event rates within a 2.7 million member, integrated delivery system (IDS). In this manuscript, we report on the impact of the ED copayment level on ED visits, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths between 1999 and 2001 for populations with Medicare and with commercial insurance. In this natural experiment, over half of each population experienced an increase in their ED copayments on January 1, 2000, and 13–21 percent of each population experienced another increase on January 1, 2001.
Electron-cloud build-up in hadron machines

LBNL-56109 Aug. 9, 2004 Electron-cloud build-up in hadron machines ( * ) M. A. Furman (*) mail to: mafurman@lbl.gov Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Bldg. 71R0259, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720-8211, USA Introduction The first observations of electron-proton coupling effect for coasting beams and for long-bunch beams were made at the earliest proton storage rings at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) in the mid-60’s [1]. The effect was mainly a form of the two-stream instability. This phenomenon reappeared at the CERN ISR in the early 70’s, where it was accompanied by an intense vacuum pressure rise. When the ISR was operated in bunched-beam mode while testing aluminum vacuum chambers, a resonant effect was observed in which the electron traversal time across the chamber was comparable to the bunch spacing [2]. This effect (“beam-induced multipacting”), being resonant in nature, is a dramatic manifestation of an electron cloud sharing the vacuum chamber with a positively-charged beam. An electron-cloud-induced instability has been observed since the mid-80’s at the PSR (LANL) [3]; in this case, there is a strong transverse instability accompanied by fast beam losses when the beam current exceeds a certain threshold. The effect was observed for the first time for a positron beam in the early 90’s at the Photon Factory (PF) at KEK, where the most prominent manifestation was a coupled-bunch instability that was absent when the machine was operated with an electron beam under otherwise identical conditions [4]. Since then, with the advent of ever more intense positron and hadron beams, and the development and deployment of specialized electron detectors [5-9], the effect has been observed directly or indirectly, and sometimes studied systematically, at most lepton and hadron machines when operated with sufficiently intense beams. The effect is expected in various forms and to various degrees in accelerators under design or construction. The electron-cloud effect (ECE) has been the subject of various meetings [10-15]. Two excellent reviews, covering the phenomenology, measurements, simulations and historical development, have been recently given by Frank Zimmermann [16,17]. In this article we focus on the mechanisms of electron-cloud buildup and dissipation for hadronic beams, particularly those with very long, intense, bunches. Primary sources of electrons and secondary electron emission Depending upon the type of machine, the EC is seeded by primary electrons from three main sources: photoelectrons, ionization of residual gas, and electrons generated when stray beam particles hit the chamber walls. In addition, for HIF drivers, an important expected source of electrons is a combination of two of the above, namely: gas will be desorbed by stray ions striking the chamber walls which will subsequently be ionized by the beam. These electrons get kicked by successive bunches mostly in the Published as Sec. 2.9 of the ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter No. 33, July 2004, p. 70.
Changes in yolk platelet pH during Xenopus laevis development correlate with yolk utilization A quantitative confocal microscopy study

The variations of the pH in Xenopus yolk platelets have been estimated by fluorescence confocal microscopy and computer image processing. For pH measurements in vitellogenic oocytes, the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, DM-NERF, was coupled to vitellogenin, and the DM-NERF-vitellogenin was taken up by oocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Dual emission ratio measurements of internalized DM-NERF-vitellogenin indicated that the mature yolk platelets are mildly acidic (pH 5.6). Their precursors, the primordial yolk platelets, have a similar pH. This pH is probably sufficiently low for the partial cleavage of vitellogenin to yolk proteins, but not for yolk degradation. The yolk platelet pH at various developmental stages was estimated by measuring the accumulation of Acridine Orange, both in isolated yolk platelets and in disaggregated embryonic cells. During oogenesis, the yolk platelets accumulated a constant amount of Acridine Orange, corresponding to a pH of around 5.7. During embryogenesis, however, yolk platelets became progressively much more acidic (pH
A Search for Reason in Reasonably Equivalent Value after BFP V. Resolution Trust Corp.

Under the Bankruptcy Code, a trustee can avoid a transfer of the property of the estate made within one year before the bankruptcy case is filed if the debtor was insolvent at the time of the transfer and the transfer price was "less than the reasonably equivalent value" of the property. Beginning in the early 1980s, courts disagreed over the meaning of "reasonably equivalent value" as applied to foreclosure sales and other regulated transfers where the transfer price was below the hypothetical "fair" market value of the property, but the transfer occurred without collusion. The issue was whether the differential was "unreasonable" for purposes of the trustee's power to avoid transfers for "less than reasonably equivalent value." In 1994, the issue came before the Supreme Court in BFP v. Resolution Trust Corp.; however, the Court did not completely resolve the meaning of the term. This article examines how bankruptcy courts have applied BFP in actions to avoid regulated transfers in the ten years after BFP. It explains why courts continue to search for a reasoned way to decide whether a regulated transfer price is the "reasonably equivalent value" of the transferred property, and proposes an interpretation of the term that makes sense in the context of regulated transfers.
Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility: Biochemical, Molecular Genetic, and Evolutionary Aspects

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the gametophytic self-incompatibility—a prezygotic barrier to self-fertilization in plants that otherwise produce fully functional gametes. Two types of reproductive barriers operate in plants: interspecific and intraspecific. Interspecific reproductive barriers ensure the stability of each species, whereas intraspecific barriers permit a reasonable degree of variability within the species. Interspecific reproductive barriers are a consequence of evolutionary divergence among species, and the failure to cross-fertilize lies in the inability of pistil tissue to sustain the growth of pollen from other taxa, a phenomenon described as “incongruity.” Self-incompatibility is an intraspecific reproductive barrier. It is a system of cell-to-cell recognition allowing the pistil to recognize and reject pollen from genetically related individuals, thereby promoting outbreeding and heterozygosity in the population. Two main types of self-incompatibility systems exist: heteromorphic and homomorphic. New S alleles that appear in a population have a reproductive advantage over the extant S alleles because pollen bearing the new allele is less likely to land on stigma carrying the same allele and, thus, more likely to escape rejection.
Automated Evaluation Tools

In Part II, we discussed research efforts aimed at developing or refining automated evaluation methodologies for evaluating web interfaces. Some of these efforts have produced commercial or research software (e.g., WatchFire Bobby [WatchFire, 2002], the HTML Validation Service1 [World Wide Web Consortium, 2001c], the Web Static Analyzer Tool [Scholtz and Laskowski, 1998], and many others) that practitioners can use to evaluate web site usability, accessibility, coding, performance, and so on. In the remainder of this book (Part III), we examine the use of automated evaluation tools, and we discuss the role and the efficacy of existing tools.
Desarrollo de un enfoque sistémico para evaluar la docencia y fomentar una enseñanza eficaz

Este articulo argumenta a favor de un enfoque integral para crear un sistema que evalue y apoye a los profesores. La autora sugiere que este sistema deberia incluir cinco elementos clave: 1) estandares estatales comunes para la ensenanza que garanticen un aprendizaje real y que rijan toda la profesion; 2) evaluaciones de desempeno, basados en estos estandares, que orienten funciones estatales, tales como formar a los docentes, habilitarlos para el ejercicio de la profesion y certificar niveles avanzados de desempeno; 3) sistemas locales de evaluacion inspirados en los mismos estandares para evaluar la calidad de la ensenanza in situ, basados en distintos criterios de medicion de la practica docente y del aprendizaje; 4) estructuras de apoyo que garanticen la disponibilidad de evaluadores capacitados y de mentores para los profesores que requieran ayuda adicional, asi como la toma de decisiones justas en materia de recursos humanos; y 5) oportunidades de desarrollo profesional que permita a los profesores mejorar su labor y la calidad de la ensenanza. Sobre la base de investigaciones y ejemplos de buenas practicas, este articulo expone a continuacion como deberia operar cada uno de estos elementos
Medication use and medical comorbidity in patients with chronic hepatitis C from a US commercial claims database: high utilization of drugs with interaction potential.

Background With the advent of the direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), significant drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential now exists for patients treated for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, little is known about how often patients with HCV use medications that may interact with newer HCV treatments, especially those with CYP3A DDI potential.
Reproductive Tract and Evolutionary Relationships of the Chinese Rock Squirrel, Sciurotamias davidianus

The male reproductive tract and female os genitale of the endemic Chinese rock squirrel Sciurotamias davidianus are described for the first time. The presence of a penile duct, a well-developed baculum, and accessory glands separates Sciurotamias from the tribe Tamias-ciurini, and the structure of the baculum also separates it from the Callosciurini. The penis, baculum, and certain other characters are unexpectedly similar to those of the giant Indo-Chinese tree squirrels, Ratufa ; thus Sciurotamias is referred tentatively to the tribe Ratufini.
Turbine Blade Tip Leakage Flow Control by Partial Squealer Tip and Plasma Actuators

In order to further the understanding of turbine tip leakage and passage ∞ow mechanisms for undesirable entropy production, an experiment was conducted in a linear cascade at the Hessert Laboratory. Blade surface and tip endwall static pressure, total pressure loss, and wake vorticity measurements were taken to document the efiects of upstream axial Reynolds number, 1:0 £ 10 5 < Re2 < 5:0 £ 10 5 , and tip gap height, 0:015 < g=cx < 0:05 for ∞at and partial, suction-side squealer tip geometries, as well as active ∞ow control using a plasma actuator situated on the blade tip. Interaction of tip leakage and passage vortices proved critical, and an inverse relationship was observed between the two structures in terms of streamwise vorticity, core total pressure loss, and the vortex size denoted by the i‚2 criteria. When a squealer tip is added, the results indicate an efiective reduction in gap size, and thus a reduction in loss. However, the high loss region in the gap disappears, indicating that the squealer traps the air in the region. When a plasma actuator is used to control the ∞ow, the efiect depends strongly on the unsteady frequency at which it is run. An efiect is seen in the downstream loss, however the high loss region in the gap appears unafiected, indicating that this method does not trap air in the tip gap.
Observations on the Subgenus Argas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas): 16. Argas (A.) moreli, new species, and keys to Neotropical species of the subgenus

Argas (Argas) moreli , n. sp., is described from males, females, and nymphs from a house, and from unknown situations, in Junin and Arequipa Provinces, 4150 and 2329 m altitude, Peru. Probable hosts are wild birds and domestic chickens, and also humans. The peripheral integument of this distinctive species lacks the persicus -like cells seen in several other Neotropical species of the subgenus, but regularly spaced, deep sutures bounding a broad peripheral area with a small setiferous pit form “pseudo persicus -like cells.” This species may represent a phylogenetic gradient between Argas (Argas) species lacking persicus -like cells (all Faunal Regions, including Neotropical) and those having these cells (Neotropical only). Ticks identified as Argas persicus , but likely to represent A. (A.) moreli , have been reported to bite humans in Arequipa and to cause a severe pruritus.
Brood Parasitism, Nest Predation, and Season-Long Reproductive Success of a Tropical Island Endemic

The Puerto Rican Vireo (Vireo latimeri) is a single-island endemic resident on Puerto Rico. The Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis), a generalist brood parasite native to South America, arrived on the island in 1955 and has established itself as a breeding resident. To determine the impact of the exotic cowbird on vireo reproductive success, I studied the demography of marked Puerto Rican Vireos in Guanica Forest, Puerto Rico, in 1990-1993. Vireo breeding season length varied among years (69-106 days), apparently influenced by rainfall. The primary causes of reproductive failure were nest parasitism and nest predation. Cowbirds parasitized 73-83% of vireo nests. Parasitism reduced the number of vireos fledged per successful nest by 82%, primarily through decreased hatching success and fledging success. Vireos did not abandon nests in response to cowbird egglaying, but frequently deserted if cowbirds removed host eggs. Native avian predators and exotic mammalian predators together caused the demise of about 70% of all nest attempts. As a result, daily nest survival rate was low (0.93 ± 0.01), and only 13-19% of nests fledged vireo or cowbird young. Pairs renested after failure and attempted to raise second broods. Females in this population attempted two to six nests per season and fledged an average of 1.33 vireos in 1991 and 0.24 vireos in 1993. The combination of restricted breeding season, high predation and parasitism rates, large impact of parasitism on reproductive output, and low seasonal fecundity of females suggests that, despite high survival rates, the Puerto Rican Vireo is in danger of extirpation from portions of its range.
Growth hormone release in unstable diabetes: Tests with saline, arginine, glucagon, and epinephrine

Changes in plasma growth hormone (HGH) concentrations during tests with arginine, glucagon, epinephrine and saline were compared in 8 unstable and 4 stable diabetics, and 5 normal subjects. These same subjects had previously also been tested with insulin-induced hypoglycemia and their blood glucose variability had been quantified during near-normal (ambulatory-fed) living conditions. Compared with saline infusion, arginine induced higher HGH increases but glucagon and epinephrine did not. Compared to preinfusion levels, epinephrine decreased HGH concentrations. Patterns of mean HGH increase and decrease after arginine were similar in the 3 groups of subjects. Only during saline infusion did unstable diabetics have higher peak levels than did stable diabetics and normal subjects. The higher or similar increases of HGH in unstable diabetics always occurred at higher concentrations of blood glucose and frequently, but not invariably, at higher concentrations of serum free fatty acids and ketone bodies than in stable diabetics and in normals. HGH release is abnormal in unstable diabetics in that hyperglycemia does not inhibit the release of HGH. The abnormality is associated with impaired modulation of blood glucose and other variables through inability to secrete endogenous insulin.
Detection of Intracellular Cytokines

The intracellular cytokine method allows for a multiparametric readout by flow cytometry with precise phenotyping of the responding T cells. The intracellular cytokine staining of cells that have been fixed and permeabilized following a short-term activation and staining with antibodies to cell surface markers allows for identification of the cellular origin of the cytokine accumulated product.
Assessing dairy potential of western white-faced ewes.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the milk producing ability of Western White-Faced sheep and to identify traits that correlate well with milk production. In Exp. 1, 31 Targhee ewes were milked and five samples were taken during 107-d lactations in which the ewes nursed twin lambs. Milk yield and composition, lamb weights, ewe weights, wool growth, and udder size also were measured. In Exp. 2, 24 ewes (Rambouillet x Finn-Dorset) were separated from their lambs at 7 wk and milked twice per day for eight more weeks, during which milk yield and composition, feed consumption, udder width, and ewe weights were measured. Results from Exp. 1 showed that lamb 30-d weights, ewe weights at breeding time, and udder width at peak lactation were highly correlated with suckled milk yield (r = .81, .75 and .66, respectively). Results from Exp. 2 indicated that lamb weights and ewe weights were not useful for predicting milk yield in dairy ewes, but feed intake and udder width were (r = .74 and .86, respectively). Single-day milk yield measurements were excellent estimators of total lactation yield in both experiments. Milk yields averaged 1,714 g/d in the suckled ewes and 477 g/d in the dairy ewes.
Competition between Hydrophilic and Argyrophilic Interactions in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

The competition for binding and charge-transfer (CT) from the nitrogen containing heterocycle pyrimidine to either silver or to water in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is discussed. The correlation between the shifting observed for vibrational normal modes and CT is analyzed both experimentally using Raman spectroscopy and theoretically using electronic structure theory.Discrete features in the Raman spectrum correspond to the binding of either water or silver to each of pyrimidine's nitrogen atoms with comparable frequency shifts. Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations in each chemical environment reveals that the magnitude of charge transfer from pyrimidine to adjacent silver atoms is only about twice that for water alone.These results suggest that the choice of solvent plays a role in determining the vibrational frequencies of nitrogen containing molecules in SERS experiments.
The Importance of School Staff Referrals and Follow-Up in Connecting High School Students to HIV and STD Testing:

This study examined predictors of having received HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing and having been referred by school staff for HIV/STD testing. In 2014, students in seven high schools completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, referrals for HIV/STD testing, and HIV/STD testing. The analytic sample ( n = 11,303) was 50.7% female, 40.7% Hispanic/Latino, 34.7% Black/African American (non-Hispanic), and mean age was 15.86 ( SD = 1.22). After controlling for demographic characteristics, significant predictors of reporting having been tested for HIV or STDs were reporting having received a referral for HIV/STD testing (odds ratio [ OR] = 3.18; 95% CI = [2.14, 4.70]) and reporting staff following-up on the referral ( OR = 3.29; 95% CI = [1.31, 8.23]). Students reporting referrals had significantly higher odds of being male ( OR = 2.49; 95% CI = [1.70, 3.65]), "other" or multiracial (non-Hispanic; compared to White, non-Hispanic; OR = 2.72; 95% CI = [1.35, 5.46]), sexual minority ( OR = 3.80; 95% CI = [2.57, 5.62]), and sexually experienced ( OR = 2.58; 95% CI = [1.76, 3.795]). School staff referrals with follow-up may increase HIV/STD testing among students.
Learning Efficiency Goes to College

Publisher Summary Learning efficiency is a measure of improvement in performance accuracy and speed per amount of learning time. Performance improvement is the improvement in a learner's accuracy and speed as a result of that learner's interaction with a learning program. Learning efficiency is a measure of academic progress that takes into account both performance improvement and the student's learning time. The higher the learning efficiency, the less time it takes for learners to achieve competence. Suppose two students take their final examinations on the first day and the last day of class. The improvement in their test performance is a measure of how much they learned during the course. One student correctly answered 1 question per minute on the pre-test and 10 questions per minute on the post-test, achieving an improvement of 9 correct per minute.
High strength low alloyed (HSLA) steels

Abstract This chapter starts by providing a brief historical review of the discovery, development and implementation of high strength low alloyed (HSLA) steels. Since their introduction HSLA steels have been one of the most disruptive technologies in the steel industry. Their worldwide use in the automotive, oil, gas, and other industries represents both a challenge and an opportunity to improve the performance of these steels. The chapter continues by discussing the different grades of HSLA steels used in the automotive industry, their important mechanical properties, and provides some examples of applications. It then explains the role of alloy composition, processing and transformation behavior on the structure–property relationship of HSLA steels. The end provides a review of the laws and models governing various metallurgical phenomena and prediction of properties in HSLA steels.
Time and Space in Ancient India: Pre-philosophical Period

This paper attempts to reconstruct Ancient Indian views on time and space and show historical development of the concepts from the Ṛgveda to the epics.
Molecular underpinnings of neurodegenerative disorders: striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling and synaptic plasticity.

This commentary focuses on potential molecular mechanisms related to the dysfunctional synaptic plasticity that is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, we focus on the role of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) in modulating synaptic function in these illnesses. STEP affects neuronal communication by opposing synaptic strengthening and does so by dephosphorylating several key substrates known to control synaptic signaling and plasticity. STEP levels are elevated in brains from patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Studies in model systems have found that high levels of STEP result in internalization of glutamate receptors as well as inactivation of ERK1/2, Fyn, Pyk2, and other STEP substrates necessary for the development of synaptic strengthening. We discuss the search for inhibitors of STEP activity that may offer potential treatments for neurocognitive disorders that are characterized by increased STEP activity. Future studies are needed to examine the mechanisms of differential and region-specific changes in STEP expression pattern, as such knowledge could lead to targeted therapies for disorders involving disrupted STEP activity.
MicroRNA Biogenesis in Regenerative Medicine

Abstract Regenerative medicine is a new scientific and medical discipline for developing regenerative capabilities to restore function to damaged cells, tissues, and organs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small regulatory RNAs that have emerged as post-transcriptional gene silencers. miRNAs drive tissue regeneration, and their dysregulation may disrupt it. For this reason they represent a new direction in regenerative medicine strategies. In this chapter, we review the role of miRNAs in regenerative medicine with special emphasis on miRNA biogenesis.
Molecular basis of ancestral vertebrate electroreception

Elasmobranch fishes, including sharks, rays, and skates, use specialized electrosensory organs called ampullae of Lorenzini to detect extremely small changes in environmental electric fields. Electrosensory cells within these ampullae can discriminate and respond to minute changes in environmental voltage gradients through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.3 and the big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel are preferentially expressed by electrosensory cells in little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) and functionally couple to mediate electrosensory cell membrane voltage oscillations, which are important for the detection of specific, weak electrical signals. Both channels exhibit unique properties compared with their mammalian orthologues that support electrosensory functions: structural adaptations in CaV1.3 mediate a low-voltage threshold for activation, and alterations in BK support specifically tuned voltage oscillations. These findings reveal a molecular basis of electroreception and demonstrate how discrete evolutionary changes in ion channel structure facilitate sensory adaptation.
Modeling of the principal parameters controlling the evolution of deformation in Atlassic belts: case study of the southern-central Tunisian Atlas

The pursuing of the evolution of such deformation in the external zone is one of the main objects geologists which necessarily require deciphering the main parameters of this evolution. The southern-central Tunisian Atlas is the most appropriate ground to check such complication, in fact, it is centered between a northern area strongly tectonized and stable southern area. Is chosen especially the juxtaposition between the two largest mountains those of Orbata and Bouhedma. The comparative study between two very close areas Jebel BouMiza and Jebel At-Taghli in the Orbata–Bouhedma junction shows a very large variation in deformation when they are subjected to the same context establishment. One of the main parameters of the variation of the deformation is the notion of inheritance tectonics associated with the reactivation of ancient normal faults during the compression and therefore the position of these faults to shortening axis. The other important parameter is the vertical migration of decolement level that is a direct consequence of the elevation of the deformation; it is the vertical migration of the deformation. Example of Jebell At-Taghli shows a much accentuated deformation in comparison with that of the deformation Jebel BouMiza, this deformation is explained by the combined activity of two faults el-Mich and At-Tagli, oblique to the axis of shortening and the reactivation dextral strike-slip fault during compressive phases. The disposition of Jebel At-Taghli defines a tear-fault structure with the development of a duplex structure associated with decollement levels in the upper series (Bouhedma Formation).
Televised Instruction Delivery Systems: Talkback in Oklahoma for Special Needs Education:

In 1971, the State of Oklahoma instituted a televised instructional system referred to as “talkback television.” In 1972, Oklahoma State University's School of Occupational and Adult Education, College of Education, began transmitting teacher education courses via the system. In 1984, the author began transmitting information of interest to teachers and parents of individuals with special needs. Total university enrollments to date through use of the system are 957 students. The text includes methods of delivery, transmission of instruction, and interaction with receiving locations.
Psychological Assessment of Psychosexual Functioning

Over 90 per cent of the scales dedicated specifically to the measurement of aspects of sexual behavior have been developed since 1970. The standard psychological test battery and contemporary measures are reviewed.
A multi-environment nanocalorimeter with electrical contacts for use in a scanning electron microscope

We have developed a versatile nanocalorimeter sensor which allows imaging and electrical measurements of samples under different gaseous environments using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and can simultaneously measure the sample temperature and associated heat of reaction. This new sensor consists of four independent heating/sensing elements for nanocalorimetry and eight electrodes for electrical measurements, all mounted on a 50 nm thick, 250 μm × 250 μm suspended silicon nitride membrane. This membrane is highly electron transparent and mechanically robust enabling in situ SEM observation under realistic temperatures, environmental conditions and pressures up to one atmosphere. To demonstrate this new capability, we report here on 1) in situ SEM-nanocalorimetry study of melting and solidification of polyethylene oxide, 2) the temperature dependence of conductivity of a nanowire; 3) the electron beam induced current measurements (EBID) of a nanowire in vacuum and air. Furthermore, the sensor is easily adaptable to operate in liquid environment and is compatible with most existing SEM. This versatile platform couples nanocalorimetry with in situ SEM imaging under various gaseous and liquid environments and is applicable to materials research, nanotechnology, energy, catalysis and biomedical applications.
The Biology of Chronic Depression

A dramatic shift has occurred in the conceptualization of chronic depressions by clinical psychiatrists over the past decade. Prior to 1980 chronic depressions, particularly those with onset at an early age, were usually regarded as “personality disorders” or “neuroses” and were either treated by psychotherapy or left untreated altogether. In 1980 the new official nomenclature of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III) designated chronic depressive states under the term Dysthymic Disorder and placed this category in the Affective Disorders section of that nosology. This served to emphasize the possible association between chronic depression and affective illness, and to stimulate research on the pharmacology of chronic depression. Several reports have now been published describing positive responses of patients with chronic “characterologic” depression or Dysthymic Disorder to treatment with thymoleptic medications (Akiskal et al., 1980; Paykel et al., 1982; Harrison et al., 1986; Vallejo et al., 1987; Kocsis et al., 1988a, b). These developments have influenced the thinking and the practice of clinical psychiatry. Clinicians are now much more likely to view chronic or “lifelong” depressions as a form of affective illness and to prescribe adequate trials of antidepressant medication for treatment of these conditions.
Toxicity disparities between Hispanics and non-Hispanics enrolled in clinical trials in south Texas.

e18089Background: The U.S. Hispanic (H) population is estimated to increase from 55 million in 2014 to 119 million in 2060, growing from 17% to 29% of the total population. H are underrepresented i...
"Bi-objective Fuzzy Mathematical Models in a Labor-Intensive Cell"

Abstract In this paper, a bi-objective fuzzy model for a single product multi-period scheduling problem is discussed. The objectives of the fuzzy model are maximizing the customer satisfaction while minimizing the manpower level in a labor-intensive environment. Two options are considered for the proposed mathematical model. In the first one, the manpower level is allowed to vary from one period to the next. Therefore, the model selects the best manpower level for each period based on the customer demand in that period. In the second option, the manpower level is kept the same in each period. In this situation, the critical decision is to determine the optimal manpower configuration to avoid resources’ idle time and shortage simultaneously. For simplification, time-varying but deterministic demand values are considered. Similarly, processing times are also assumed to be deterministic. The fuzzy function used in our approach is the minimum bounded sum which is achieved by setting bound limits for each of the fuzzy parameters. In the experiment and results section, a small problem taken from a case study is solved considering both options and multiple bound limits.
$CSIsnoop$: Inferring Channel State Information in Multi-User MIMO WLANs

Channel state information (CSI) has been proposed to enhance physical layer security by functioning as a shared secret between a transmitter and a receiver, because it decorrelates over half wavelength distances and cannot be predicted based on locations of the transmitter and receiver in rich scattering environments. Consequently, CSI was employed to generate passwords, to authenticate the source of packets, and to inject artificial noise to thwart eavesdroppers. However, in this paper, we present CSIsnoop , and show that an attacker can infer CSI in a multi-user MIMO WLAN, even when both channel sounding sequences from the access point and CSI measurement feedback from the clients are encrypted during downlink (explicit) channel sounding, or when uplink (implicit) channel sounding is employed. The insights of CSIsnoop are that the CSI of clients can be computed based on transmit beamforming weights at the access point, and that the transmit beamforming weights can be estimated from downlink beamforming transmission. In other words, we reveal the fundamental conflict between using CSI to optimize PHY design by beamforming and ensuring the confidentiality of CSI. We implement CSIsnoop on a software defined radio and conduct experiments in various indoor environments. Our results show that on average CSIsnoop can infer CSI of the target client with an absolute normalized correlation of over 0.99, thereby urging reconsideration of the use of CSI as a tool to enhance physical layer security in multi-user MIMO WLANs.
Wages, Health Insurance Benefits, and Worker Sorting Under Asymmetric Information

Employer-sponsored health insurance is the single largest source of health insurance in the USA. In this paper, we explore a model that treats a firm as a de facto insurance company. More specifica...
Diagnosis and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Across the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Importance Untreated primary hyperparathyroidism impairs quality of life and incurs substantial costs. Parathyroidectomy is a low-risk, high-success, definitive intervention. Objectives To determine the appropriateness of diagnostic evaluation for primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with hypercalcemia and the use of parathyroidectomy for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism across the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study of veterans with hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism was conducted from January 1, 2000, through September 30, 2015, using the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, a national electronic health record–based repository. The study included 371 370 veterans with chronic hypercalcemia and 47 158 veterans with biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism diagnosed by hypercalcemia, elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels, and near-normal serum creatinine levels. Statistical analysis was performed from April 21, 2017, to April 10, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of veterans with hypercalcemia who have parathyroid hormone levels evaluated, the proportion of veterans with hyperparathyroidism who are treated surgically, and the factors associated with parathyroidectomy using generalized linear latent and mixed model regression. Results Of 371 370 patients with chronic hypercalcemia, 86 887 (23.4%) received further testing with parathyroid hormone level. Of 47 158 patients meeting diagnostic criteria for primary hyperparathyroidism (42 737 men [90.6%] and 4421 women [9.4%]; mean [SD] age, 67.3 [11.8] years), 6048 (12.8%) underwent parathyroidectomy. Of 5793 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with a serum calcium level more than 1 mg/dL above the upper limit of normal, 1501 (25.9%) underwent parathyroidectomy. There was a decreasing trend in the use of parathyroidectomy over time. Factors positively associated with parathyroidectomy were nephrolithiasis (odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% CI, 1.90-2.61) and non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.46), while age (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.95-0.96), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.80), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.45-0.60), and diagnosis of osteoporosis (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.80) were inversely related to surgery. Conclusions and Relevance From this study’s findings, parathyroid hormone level is infrequently tested in patients with hypercalcemia, suggesting underdiagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients meeting diagnostic criteria for primary hyperparathyroidism are undertreated with recommended parathyroidectomy. Similar gaps have previously been observed in non-VA care of primary hyperparathyroidism, suggesting the need for a systematic evaluation of barriers to diagnosis and treatment that informs intervention design.
Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Is Useful for the Quantification of Gastric Sleeve Stenosis and Prediction of Response to Endoscopic Dilation: a Pilot Study.

Stenosis after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is common though diagnostic criteria and predictors of treatment response is unknown. Endoluminal functional impedance planimetry (EndoFLIP) is a diagnostic tool for measuring lumen geometry. We aimed to use EndoFLIP to characterize SG stenosis. We enrolled SG stenosis patients undergoing serial pneumatic dilations between May 2018 and November 2018. Outcomes of interest included pre- and post-dilation EndoFLIP measurements and post-dilation symptom response. We included 10 patients who underwent a mean of 1.8 ± 0.7 dilations. Pre-dilation EndoFLIP characteristics were similar for responders and non-responders. Responders had larger mean post-dilation diameter (19.9 ± 2.9 mm vs 13.1 ± 1.3 mm, p = 0.007) and DI (21.3 ± 1.0 mm2/Hg vs 4.0 ± 5.4 mm2/Hg, p = 0.04) than non-responders. Our pilot study supports the use of EndoFLIP in the management of SG stenosis.
Variability in In Vitro OATP1B1/1B3 Inhibition Data: Impact of Incubation Conditions on Variability and Subsequent Drug Interaction Predictions

As the research into the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) continues to grow, it is important to ensure that the data generated are accurate and reproducible. In the in vitro evaluation of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition, there are many variables that can contribute to variability in the resulting inhibition constants, which can then, in turn, contribute to variable results when clinical predictions (R-values) are performed. Currently, the only experimental condition recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the inclusion of a pre-incubation period.1 To identify other potential sources of variability, a descriptive analysis of available in vitro inhibition data was completed. For each of the 21 substrate/inhibitor pairs evaluated, cell type and pre-incubation were found to have the greatest effect on half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) variability. Indeed, when only HEK293 cells and co-incubation conditions were included, the observed variability for the entire data set (highest IC50 /lowest) was reduced from 12.4 to 5.2. The choice of probe substrate used in the study also had a significant effect on inhibitor constant variability. Interestingly, despite the broad range of inhibitory constants identified, these two factors showed little effect on the calculated R-values relative to the FDA evaluation cutoff of 1.1 triggering a clinical evaluation for the inhibitors evaluated. However, because of the small data set available, further research is needed to confirm these preliminary results and define best practice for the study of OATPs.
Finding and Using U.S. Government Information: A Practical Guide for Librarians: Latham, Bethany. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018, xv + 235 pp., $65.00, ISBN 978-1-5381-0715-7.

Bethany Latham created a compelling and accurate guide for librarians who have limited familiarity with the world of U.S. Government information and retrieval. Latham seeks to deliver a quick refer...
Looking back, looking forward: Paleopathology in Andean South America.

Abstract Over the past twenty years, the field of Andean paleopathology has advanced significantly thanks to a new generation of scholars who have been attracted to this region and whose innovative research has expanded our knowledge substantially. The papers in this special issue demonstrate how the field of Andean paleopathology has diversified and grown to become what is today a truly interdisciplinary enterprise involving archaeology, ethnohistory, biological anthropology, geochemistry, medical imaging, and genetics. These studies apply theoretical approaches to research questions that are increasingly innovative and nuanced as well as analytical methods that were in their infancy when I wrote my 1997 survey of the field.
Exploratory vs solution-seeking big data: Discussion for “Experiences with big data: Accounts from a data scientist’s perspective”

I would like to commend Dr. Kulahci and his team for their thought-provoking paper (hereafter referred to as EWBD) outlining a number of their frustrations and challenges when working with industri...
Teaching Transformations of Trigonometric Functions with Technology

Trigonometry is integral to mathematics education. The field of trigonometry plays a crucial role in the study of mathematics and its applications. Despite the importance of the subject, students struggle to understand trigonometric constructs such as angle measure. It has also been noted how students struggle to understand transformations of functions generally. Our review of the literature found few studies specifically on students’ understanding of transformations of trigonometric functions, but evidence exists showing students have difficulties with the concept. Here, a MATLAB program called TrigReps is discussed. TrigReps accepts four inputs for the algebraic representation (a)sin(bx + c) + d, and provides three additional representations as outputs. Students are presented with a graphical representation, an auditory representation, and a dynamic representation of a radius rotating around a unit circle. TrigReps has potential to be a useful tool for teaching transformations of trigonometric functions. In particular, it may be able to help students justify why combinations of horizontal transformations are counterintuitive. TrigReps is analytically sound in its design: it is interactive, dynamic, and displays Multiple External Representations (MERs) simultaneously. Initial data support its usefulness in a trigonometry classroom, but more research must be conducted to draw firm conclusions.
Abstract 15876: Tie1 is Essential for Cardiac Repair and Myocardial Regeneration

Introduction: Cardiac lymphatics are essential in resolving interstitial fluid and inflammatory infiltrate after a myocardial infarction in adults. Little is known about the role of the lymphatic s...
Building a three-dimensional quantum lattice algorithm for maxwell equations

A three-dimensional quantum lattice algorithm (QLA) for electromagnetic wave propagation is being developed by stitching together the individual QLAs for 1D wave propagation in the three orthogonal...