cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study on the implementation of family health team: the perspectives of providers and patients

Malaysia has committed to the global call to achieve universal health coverage, and with the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals, is further strengthening the health system through the primary health care services, particularly the family doctor concept. The Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative was implemented to address the worrying upward trend of non-communicable disease prevalence, and incorporates the Family Health Team (FHT) concept. The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of the FHT as part of the EnPHC intervention. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the intervention design team, healthcare providers and patients in two rounds during the implementation period. A total of 121 individuals in the two rounds, split into different groups, where some of the participants of the FGD were also interviewed individually. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis, with codes being organised into larger themes. Themes that emerged from the data were around the process of FHT implementation and the advantages of the FHT, which included continuity of health care and improved quality of care. Patients and health care providers were receptive to the FHT concept, and took the effort to adapt the concept in the local settings. The FHT concept implemented at 20 public primary health clinics has benefits appreciated by health care providers and patients. Addressing the viable shortcomings would better prepare the current primary healthcare system to scale up the FHT concept nationwide and enhance its feasibility and sustainability. The study is registered with the National Medical Research Register, Ministry of Health Malaysia ( NMRR-17-295-34711 ).
Rotational Atherectomy Induced Coronary Perforation of Right Coronary Artery Draining into Middle Cardiac Vein

Abstract Ellis Type III cavity spilling coronary perforation is a rare complication. We report to our knowledge, the first case of rotational atherectomy induced Type III cavity spilling coronary p...
Combination outreach and wellness intervention for distressed rural veterans: results of a multimethod pilot study

We partnered with veteran-serving nonprofits in order to identify distressed rural veterans and provide them with a mental health workshop in community-based settings. Community organizations helped recruit veterans and provided space for 1-day (5-h) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group workshops conducted in rural locations. Qualitative interviews were conducted at 1- and 3-months post-intervention to assess acceptability. Quantitative measures were conducted at baseline, 1- and 3-months post-intervention to measure effectiveness. We successfully engaged community partners throughout every stage of the research and delivered workshops to thirty-one veterans in rural community-based locations. Veterans appreciated the structure, content, and environment of the workshops; most implemented ACT skills into their daily lives and some initiated new treatment following workshop participation. Quantitative measures showed improvements in functioning (Cohen's d ranging from .27 to .40), reintegration (Cohen's d = .45), meaning and purpose (Cohen's d = .40), and reductions in distress (Cohen's d ranging from .28 to .40) 3-months following workshop participation. Collaborating with rural veteran-serving nonprofit organizations holds promise for engaging hard-to-reach distressed veterans in mental health care.
The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among veterans.

Objective Although research has established a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), little is known about factors that may accentuate this relation. This study evaluated the influences of negative and positive emotion dysregulation on the association between PTSD symptoms and STBs among veterans. Methods Four-hundred and sixty-five trauma-exposed military veterans in the community (Mage = 38.00, 71.4% male, 69.5% White) completed online questionnaires. Results Negative emotion dysregulation did not moderate the relation between PTSD symptoms and STBs. Results showed significant interactive effects of PTSD symptoms and positive emotion dysregulation on STBs, such that PTSD symptoms were more strongly related to STBs at high (vs. low) levels of positive emotion dysregulation. This effect was sustained across domains of positive emotion dysregulation. Conclusions Findings suggest a potential need to consider positive emotion dysregulation in the assessment and treatment of STBs among veterans with PTSD symptoms.
The impact of Facebook on real estate sales

Businesses have been using social media to promote products and services to increase sales. This paper aims to study the impact of Facebook on real estate sales. First, we examine how realtors’ act...
Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method Study of Bypass Flows in a Pebble Bed Reactor

In the high-temperature reactor design, it is common practice to leave gaps between the graphite blocks of the reflectors to accommodate thermal dilatation and material swelling, as well as to prov...
Das Service Design Framework zur strukturierten Entwicklung datenbasierter Services

Die Digitalisierung pragt das Umfeld von Unternehmen vor allem durch neue technologische Entwicklungen in der Erfassung und Speicherung groser Datenmengen – auch bekannt als Big Data. Dies ermoglicht Unternehmen, datenbasierte Services zu entwickeln und somit ihr bestehendes Geschaftsmodell zu erweitern oder sogar neu zu gestalten. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die Anforderungen fur die Entwicklung datenbasierter Services masgeblich von denen fur die Entwicklung klassischer Produkte und Services, weshalb viele Unternehmen vor einem Paradigmenwechsel stehen. Da Daten selbst kein inharentes Wertversprechen haben, mussen fur die erfolgreiche Entwicklung eines datenbasierten Service neben (daten-)technischen Anforderungen auch prozessuale Anforderungen sowie eine kundenzentrische Perspektive integriert betrachtet werden. Dies ist entscheidend, da Services kundenorientiert gestaltet werden mussen, um ein entsprechendes Wertversprechen zu vermitteln. Obwohl die Relevanz dieser Herausforderung sowohl in der Wissenschaft als auch in der Praxis bereits bekannt ist, existieren bis heute kaum anwendungsorientierte und keine umfassenden Konzepte fur dieses Spannungsfeld. Um diese Lucke zu schliesen, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag das Service Design Framework vorgestellt, welches Unternehmen bei der systematischen Entwicklung datenbasierter Services unterstutzt. Dabei strukturiert das Framework zentrale Anforderungen (z. B. Kundenbedurfnisse, Prozesse, Daten, Chancen und Risiken) zum Design eines datenbasierten Service. Das Framework wurde mithilfe aktueller Literatur und in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten aus Industrieunternehmen entwickelt und validiert. Das Service Design Framework baut dabei auf den Konzepten der Customer Journey Map und des Service Blueprints auf, kombiniert diese und entwickelt sie fur ein umfassendes Design von datenbasierten Services weiter. Damit leistet das Framework einen wichtigen Beitrag bei der strukturierten Erfassung, Entwicklung und Analyse datenbasierter Services.
Detection of Longitudinal Ganglion Cell/Inner Plexiform Layer Change: Comparison of Two Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Devices.

Purpose We compared rates of change of macular ganglion cell/inner plexiform (GCIPL) thickness and proportion of worsening and improving rates from 2 optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices in a cohort of eyes with glaucoma. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Methods In a tertiary glaucoma clinic we evaluated 68 glaucoma eyes with ≥2 years of follow-up and ≥4 OCT images. Macular volume scans from 2 OCT devices were exported, coregistered, and segmented. Global and sectoral GCIPL data from the central 4.8 × 4.0-mm region were extracted. GCIPL rates of change were estimated with linear regression. Permutation analyses were used to control specificity with the 2.5 percentile cutoff point used to define “true” worsening. Main outcome measures included differences in global/sectoral GCIPL rates of change between 2 OCT devices and the proportion of negative vs positive rates of change (P Results Average (standard deviation) 24-2 visual field mean deviation, median (interquartile range) follow-up time, and number of OCT images were −9.4 (6.1) dB, 3.8 (3.3-4.2) years, and 6 (5-8), respectively. GCIPL rates of thinning from Spectralis OCT were faster (more negative) compared with Cirrus OCT; differences were significant in superonasal (P = .03) and superotemporal (P = .04) sectors. A higher proportion of significant negative rates was observed with Spectralis OCT both globally and in inferotemporal/superotemporal sectors (P Conclusions Changes in macular GCIPL were detected more frequently on Spectralis’ longitudinal volume scans than those of Cirrus OCT. OCT devices are not interchangeable with regard to detection of macular structural progression.
Safety Helmet Detection Algorithm based on Color and HOG Features

There are many unstable factors in the working environment of electrical workers, which threaten their safety. Therefore, how to protect electrical workers is a problem worth thinking about. Safety helmet protects worker’s head from injury when they fall. This paper presents a method to detect whether electrical workers wear a safety helmet or not. This method is based on Support Vector Machine (SVM), the grids of Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features, and color features. Firstly, we get information about the worker’s work scene image. According to the acquired image, we use the Deformable Parts Model (DPM) algorithm to extract the worker’s area. In the area where the worker exists, we use the method of color space conversion and color feature matching to extract the area where the safety helmet may exist. In this area, we use the SVM trained by HOG features to detect the safety helmet and ultimately to realize the judgment of workers wearing a safety helmet. In the experimental part, the effectiveness of our method is demonstrated. Compared with the Color + CHT and Color + Number of Pixels, our method has been improved by 3 to 4 percentage points.
Cable Insulation Aging Simulation

This paper proposes a modeling method for reflectometry response of natural aged cable insulation. In the proposed modeling, a finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate the electromagnetic field of cable sections with different degrees of insulation aging. From the model, the S-parameters of cable sections are extracted. A series of equivalent circuit models of cable sections are then built based on the S-parameters to test the reflectometry response of different aging conditions. The reflectometry response signals are analyzed to build a cable insulation degradation model. The results of model are verified with the experiment data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: A Clinical Exercise

The growth of new clinical knowledge continues to challenge how surgery is practiced, and several types of literature reviews attempt to consolidate this expansion of information. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are common methodologies that integrate findings on the same subject collected from different studies. Unlike a systematic review, a meta-analysis arrives at a conclusion backed by quantitative analysis. This review provides an overview of the principles, application, and limitations of these methods, which is fundamental to interpreting and critiquing their results.
The Extracellular Matrix and the Growth and Survival of Tumors

The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment extends well beyond the formation of a barrier against tumor invasion. Through a combination of physical forces and chemical signals generated upon contact between cells and ECM proteins, the ECM exerts a control on the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, which were previously considered to be solely affected by genetic alterations. The interaction between tumor cells and the ECM is also a dynamic one that changes upon modification of the ECM by proteases produced by tumor cells and by normal cells in the tumor microenvironment. These proteases modify the ECM generating cryptic epitopes, producing proteolytic fragments that are biologically active and releasing growth factors and cytokines that are trapped in the ECM. Our knowledge of the mechanisms by which the ECM controls cancer cells has significantly improved over the last 10 years and is now leading toward clinical trials testing agents disrupting tumor cell–ECM interaction.
IV, 4. Development of serological and molecular tests for the diagnosis of calicivirus infections

Publisher Summary Methods for the diagnosis of infection with human caliciviruses (HuCVs) have undergone two major stages of development: before and after molecular cloning of Norwalk virus (NV). Methods developed before the cloning of NV mainly relied on reagents derived from clinical sources or volunteer-challenge studies, because there is no cell culture and animal model for propagating HuCVs. These methods included immune electron microscopy (IEM), radioimmunoassays (RIAs), immune adherence hemagglutination assays (IAHAs), solid phase IEM, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and Western blot analysis. Two major types of assays for the diagnosis of HuCVs have been developed. One is to detect the viral antigens or antibodies against the antigens by recombinant enzyme immune assays (EIAs) and the other is to detect the viral RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The RT-PCR is readily available and has been widely adapted by many laboratories in HuCV researches. The recombinant EIAs using molecular engineered reagents are promising to be used for simple and rapid clinical diagnoses and large-scale epidemiology studies.
Disk-galaxy density distribution from orbital speeds using Newton's law

Given the dimensions (including thickness) of an axisymmetric galaxy, Newton's law is used in integral form to find the density distributions required to match a wide range of orbital speed profiles. Newton's law is not modified and no dark matter halos are required. The speed distributiions can have extreme shapes if they are reasonably smooth. Several examples are given.
Inducible regulation of human brain natriuretic peptide promoter in transgenic mice.

Studies have shown that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene expression is rapidly induced in the infarcted heart and that plasma BNP levels reflect the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. Our ...
Ca2+ has a Permissive Effect on Glycolytic Oscillations in Pancreatic Beta Cells

The secretion of insulin from pancreatic islet beta cells is pulsatile (∼5 min period) and reflects upstream oscillations in metabolism and Ca2+. Of the oscillating pathways in the beta cell, glycolytic oscillations are the least well studied. We recently developed a FRET biosensor for pyruvate kinase M2 activity (PKAR, Pyruvate Kinase Activity Reporter), which is activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. We used PKAR FRET to measure oscillations in glycolysis stimulated by 10 mM glucose. After abolishing Ca2+ oscillations with diazoxide (Dz), the oscillations in PKAR were terminated. However, in some cases the oscillations could be restored by raising extracellular KCl, which elevated the intracellular Ca2+ levels but did not restore Ca2+ oscillations. These results indicate that glycolytic oscillations can persist in the absence of Ca2+ oscillations, and suggest the presence of a Ca2+ threshold that is permissive of glycolytic oscillations. To address this question, we varied the extracellular Ca2+ from 1.25 to 5 mM, which increased the amplitude of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in a dose-dependent manner. Parallel measurements using PKAR indicated that the amplitude of glycolytic oscillations in pyruvate kinase M2 activity are augmented by intracellular Ca2+, however PKAR oscillations were terminated if extracellular Ca2+ dropped too low. Taken together, these results indicate that glycolytic oscillations in beta cells are dependent upon on a threshold level of intracellular Ca2+ level, and represent a distinct oscillating compartment of the cell. Supported by R01DK46409 (L.S.).
Lifetimes of the 4.43-Mev Excited State of C 12 and the 4.46-Mev Excited State of B 11

Doppler-broadened 4.43-Mev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation from the reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}(p, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{C}}^{12*}$ has been used to measure the lifetimes of the 4.43-Mev level of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ and the 4.46-Mev level of ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ by the nuclear resonance fluorescence technique.For ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$, the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 126\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} scattering give mean lives of (${6.7}_{\ensuremath{-}0.4}^{+1.5}$)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ sec and (${5.5}_{\ensuremath{-}0.4}^{+1.2}$)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ sec, respectively. The self-absorption of the resonance radiation gives (6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ sec. The adopted mean value is (6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ sec.For ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$, the angular distribution of the resonance-scattered radiation is $1+(0.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1){P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$, and the cross section corresponds to $\ensuremath{\tau}=({{1.02}_{\ensuremath{-}0.07}}^{+0.23})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ sec if the spin of the excited states is $\frac{5}{2}$. Interpretation of the self-absorption of the resonance radiation is uncertain because of lack of information as to the Debye temperature of ${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$C. Values of 1250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 1860\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K give $\ensuremath{\tau}=1.33\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ sec and $\ensuremath{\tau}=1.14\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ sec. The adopted mean value is $\ensuremath{\tau}=(1.17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ sec.
Migratory interaction of amphibian epidermal cells with components of the basement membrane

In adult newts, basal epidermal cells adjacent to a fresh wound move toward the damaged area by migrating over the epidermal basement membrane. In an attempt to determine which basement membrane components mediate this migration, small pieces of glass coated with various natural matrices, purified proteins, or fragments of proteins were implanted into skin wounds such that epidermal cells attempting to form a wound epithelium would encounter the implants. Laminin derived from a cell line (M1536-B3) that produces no type IV collagen was inactive as a migration substrate. Migration on recombinant entactin was somewhat better than on laminin but was still only approximately 14% of that on type I collagen. M15 matrix, a laminin and entactin-containing product of M1536-B3 cells, was no better than entactin alone. Type IV collagen was an excellent substrate, producing slightly more migration than corresponding concentrations of type I collagen at nearly all concentrations tested. Migration on type IV lacking the NC1 domain was at least as good as on intact type IV. All the activity in type IV was present in a 95 kD fragment (alpha 1(IV)95) from the carboxy terminal two-thirds of the alpha 1 chain. Approximately 60% of the activity on alpha 1(IV)95 was obtained on implants coated with a 110 amino acid fragment of the alpha 1 chain derived from the carboxy terminal half of alpha 1(IV)95. Adding the synthetic peptide, arg-gly-asp-ser (RGDS) to the medium, blocked migration on fibronectin-coated implants but had no effect on implants coated with type IV, suggesting that migration on type IV involves different cell surface receptors than those mediating migration over fibronectin. Matrigel, a commercial product containing most basement membrane components, was a poor migration substrate. Thus if type IV mediates basal cell migration toward a wound in vivo, there may have to be some alterations in basement membrane structure to allow epidermal receptors to access type IV active site(s).
Monodisperse Micron-Size Polymer Core/Nanoparticle Pigment Shell Composite Particles Via Heteroaggregation

A process for preparing monodisperse, micron-size composite particles consisting of a polymer core and a nanoparticle pigment shell is described. A heteroaggregation process employing uniform, stable micron-size polymer particles prepared by dispersion polymerization and unstable carbon black pigment particles proved successful for a variety of polymers including poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBuA), and several functional copolymers. Sonication is applied to the mixture enabling the pigment to be broken into its primary particle size, allowing it to form a relatively uniform layer on the surface of the polymer particles by heteroaggregation when the sonication is removed. Attempts to encapsulate these pigment-coated particles by seeded polymerization resulted in only partial engulfment of the pigment particles in the surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Toughened epoxy polymers via rearrangement of network topology

The highly crosslinked molecular architecture of thermosets makes this class of material strong but brittle. It is advantageous to enhance the ductility without sacrificing strength, glass transition temperature (Tg), and modulus. The hypothesis was tested that without altering the chemical structure, the network topology of a dense thermoset can be engineered to dissipate more energy before rupturing covalent bonds, producing a tougher material without sacrificing ultimate tensile strength, density, or glass transition temperature. A processing technique termed “Reactive Encapsulation of Solvent/Drying” (RESD) was used in which epoxy curing was conducted in the presence of varying amounts of inert small-molecule solvent, followed by a drying/annealing process in which the solvent was removed. Density measurements and freeze-fracture surface analysis revealed that the resulting RESD materials are not porous in their relaxed state after annealing. Comparing the dynamic mechanical response of the modified (RESD) to the unmodified (conventional) structures revealed no significant differences in glassy modulus and Tg. However, quasi-static mechanical testing showed that upon stretching, the modified structures have a volumetric energy capacity of up to 2.5 times that of the unmodified ones. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces of RESD specimens indicated nano-sized cavities on the surface of the modified thermosets, which were not present before breaking. Therefore, the presence of distinct topological features in the modified network is likely the origin of the large improvement in ductility. Topology-based toughening is potentially an important step toward developing better high performance network polymers and composites.
Utilizing structural family therapy and systems theory in the business world

The structure of businesses and the structure of families are very similar, considering the fact that so many businesses are owned or operated by families. Structural family therapists who are knowledgeable in systems theory and have an adequate understanding of the underlying concepts of structural family theory (including hierarchy, boundaries, and coalitions) can translate their knowledge to the structure of businesses and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the similarities between the structures of families and businesses. In doing so, an application of structural family theory to the business world (employee assistance programs, business consultation, and family businesses) will be demonstrated.
AN EPISTEMOLOGY OF “PARTICIPATING CONSCIOUSNESS”: OVERCOMING THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL RUPTURE OF SELF AND WORLD

This paper posits that the “age of disbelief” is rooted in both Cartesian and positivistic epistemologies. The primary thrust of both of these epistemologies is a decisive separation between self and world. This paper explores the problems of such a separation and proposes an alternative epistemology, an epistemology of “participating consciousness.” Drawing upon the work of Michael Polanyi, the paper uses the constructs of tacit knowing, indwelling, and fiduciary commitment to explicate how an epistemology of “participating consciousness” overcomes the self‐world rupture. Faith knowing shaped by this epistemology is a knowing of integrative wholeness.
Our Deliberate Success: Recognizing What Works for Latina/o Students Across the Educational Pipeline

The purpose of this article is to identify the best practices across the K-20 pipeline that work for Latina/o students for the purposes of developing a framework for Latina/o student success. The a...
Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Patient Safety

The number of racial/ethnic minority children will exceed the number of non-Latino white children in the United States by 2030, but little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in patient safety, particularly when it comes to children. A literature review revealed several racial/ethnic disparities in pediatric patient safety. A new conceptual model is proposed for understanding racial/ethnic disparities in patient safety. Evidence suggests that improving patient safety for minority children could be achieved by routinely collecting and monitoring parental self-reported data on race/ethnicity, language, and English proficiency; enhancing the cultural competency of health care providers and staff; and providing adequate language services for all limited English-proficient patients and their families.
A preliminary allometric analysis of respiratory variables in resting birds

Abstract Preliminary allometric equations relating avian respiratory variables to body weight permit a series of tentative statements regarding avian respiration which were hitherto impossible. Comparisons of avian and mammalian equations reveal dimensional similarities and differences in the two distinct respiratory systems. The avian lung is similar in weight but has a proportionately smaller air space than its mammalian counterpart. The total volume of the avian respiratory system is much greater than that of mammals. Avian tidal volumes are larger than those of mammals, but avian respiratory rates are lower, and avian minute volumes are somewhat less than in comparable sized mammals. Each tidal volume in birds provides air equivalent to a complete turnover of the airspace of the lungs plus trachea. Avian respiration provides a more extensive CO 2 washout in the tertiary bronchi exchange areas than occurs in the mammalian alveoli. The amount of oxygen removed from respiratory air in birds is independent of body weight, as it is in mammals, and birds may remove a greater proportion of the oxygen than do mammals.
Derivative Traces in Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

The principles of derivative spectrophotometry have been known for many years, and a variety of instrumentation for producing the first and higher differentials of absorption spectra has been described.1–21 However, despite the advantages of the techniques for intensifying minor changes in spectra, the separation of overlapping bands, or for band sharpening, derivative traces have not been used to a significant extent in infrared spectroscopy.
The asymptotic behavior of Green's functions for degenerating hyperbolic surfaces.

Given a degenerating family of Riemann surfaces of genus g > 2, it is a natural and important question to study their spectral behaviors, in particular, Green's functions, during degeneration (see [9, 10, 17, 11, 13 and 5]). By the uniformization theorem, any Riemann surface of genus g > 2 has a canonical metric of constant curvature 1 . From now on, we call a Riemann surface with this canonical metric a hyperbolic surface, and a degenerating family of hyperbolic surfaces is denoted by St (l> 0). The degeneration of St is caused by the pinching of several simple, closed geodesics 71(l), ..., 7,,(1) on St, that is, the lengths of these geodesics go to zero as l--+0. Let At be the Laplacian of St, then the kernel of At consists of functions which are constant on each connected component of St, and At is invertible on the orthogonal complement of the kernel. The Schwartz kernel of this inverse is called the Green function of St, and denoted by G(z, w; t) for z, w~Sl. We would like to study the asymptotic behavior of G(z, w; I) as l ~O. In order to compare functions on S O and St, we use the harmonic map of infinite energy ~ : So --* S~\{71 (l) . . . . ,7,,(l)} constructed by Wolf El4]. Intuitively speaking, this map ~z opens up each node (a pair of cusps) of So into a simple closed pinching geodesic of SF. At first, we assume that there is only one pinching geodesic ~'(l)=7~(/) of length l on S~. If 7'([) separates St, then So has two components Se, ~ and So,z, of genus g~, gz respectively.
WILTING AND WITHERING OF GRASSES IN GREENHOUSE CULTURES AS RELATED TO WATER-SUPPLYING POWER OF THE SOIL

It has recently been emphasized (14, 15, 19, 20, 32) that the two main environmental conditions that influence the development and health of ordinary leafy plants, as far as water relations are concerned, are (a) the capacity of the soil to deliver water to the plant roots and (b) the capacity of the aerial surroundings to permit water loss from the foliage through transpiration. The second of these conditions may be measured and recorded in a fairly satisfactory way, by means of atmometers of various forms, and numerous studies on the relations between evaporation and plant health have been reported in the literature of plant physiology and ecology. While very much more remains to be learned about the influence of this complex climatic feature on plant activity, it is safe to say that our knowledge of evaporation relations and our methods for securing instrumental records of fluctuations in the intensity of evaporation conditions are now far more advanced than are our knowledge and methods with regard to the influences exerted on plants by soil-moisture conditions. "What happens to an ordinary plant in the region below the soil surface still remains a subject for rather free conjecture. Soil science furnishes much that is relatively definite, consistent and apparently reliable in its field, but the points of contact between our knowledge of plant physiology and our knowledge of soil physics and soil chemistry are still comparatively few and are generally unsatisfactory. The soil system is so complex that it has not readily lent itself to the usual analytical methods and our present great fund of information about soil moisture leaves us still unable to integrate the many separate portions of that information in any way that would permit clear insight into the water relations of root systems. It appears that the analytical methods that have yielded valuable principles and generalizations in the
Red Alder (Alnus rubra) Distribution Influences Nitrate Discharge to Coastal Estuaries: Comparison of Two Oregon Watersheds

Abstract We determined nutrient export from the Yaquina and Alsea Rivers as part of a larger program for evaluating nutrient sources to coastal waters. The Yaquina and Alsea data indicated that one river typically contained twice the amount of dissolved nitrate-N, although temperature, conductivity and the concentrations of other nutrients were similar. We developed a nitrate export model using multiple linear regression (MLR) to analyze the discriminating variables that included nutrient concentrations and hardwood cover containing approximately 90% red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen-fixing tree species. Using data from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS), hardwood cover was found to be most prevalent in the upper (gaged) Yaquina watershed. Estimated nitrate export was 2.02 Mg km-2 y-1 in the Yaquina and 1.24 Mg km-2 y-1 in the Alsea for 2006. However, the annual nitrate-N exported from the entire Alsea basin (1560 Mg) was slightly greater than that of the Yaquina basin (1320 Mg) s...
GFP Variants with Alternative Strands: Protease Sensor Design and their Thermodynamic Analysis

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants with one extra strand 10 (s10) can fold with either one or the other s10, and the composition of the two bound forms can be unambiguously distinguished by their resulting colors (Do & Boxer, 2013 JACS). The composition can be systematically modulated by mutating the residues on s10 or by changing the lengths of the two inserted linker sequences that connect each s10 to the rest of the protein. We have applied thermodynamic analysis on the composition to obtain insight into folding of the variants, and discovered robust empirical rules that accurately predict the product ratios of a given construct. Ratiometric protease sensors were designed from the construct by recombinantly adding a protease cleavage sequence into one of the inserted loops, where the bound s10 is replaced by the other upon protease cleavage and irradiation with light, which is based on a photodissociation phenomenon previously reported (Do & Boxer, 2011 JACS). Since the conversion between the two bound forms involves a large spectral shift, the sensor can display a very high dynamic range. The variants can serve as a platform to provide useful insight into protein folding in general, and further engineering of this class of proteins will enable their application as light-dependent modulators.
Influence of Nitrogen and Rhizobium Japonicum On the Activity of Heteroidera Glycines 1)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of source and concentration of nitrogen (N) as well as inoculation of soybean with Rhizobium japonicum (R) on the activity of Heterodera glycines (SCN). The application of NaNO3 or NH4NO3 at 56 to 896 ppm N to soil or silica sand reduced nematode hatch, penetration and "cyst" development of SCN on soybean. Inhibitory effects were positively correlated with concentration of N. Concentrations of > 112 ppm N also reduced numbers of eggs per cyst. High concentrations of NaCl also resulted in slight inhibition of nematode penetration of host roots as compared to demineralized water. Since most N concentrations used (56-225 ppm) were below those necessary to give an osmotic inhibitory effect on nematode activity and since R also interfered with nematode development, it was concluded that N has a direct inhibitory effect on SCN. Simultaneous inoculations of nodulating (Nod) and nonnodulating (Nonnod) isogenic lines of soybean with R and SCN (minus N), as compared to SCN alone, reduced the number of cysts developing especially on the Nod line.
Flea Beetles and Mustard Oils: Host Plant Specificity of Phyllotreta cruciferae and P. striolata Adults (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Insect samples from field plots of plants representing 23 different families indicated that adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and the striped flea beetle, P. striolata (F.), have a narrow host range, restricted among the plants tested to the families Capparidaceae, Cruciferae, and Tropaeolaceae. This result was confirmed for P. cruciferae adults by laboratory feeding preference tests; of 55 plant species belonging to 31 families, only those plants belonging to the families Capparidaceae, Cruciferae, Tropaeolaceae, and Limnanthaceae were eaten. The coincidence between the preferred plant families and the plant families known to contain mustard oils suggested that these compounds or their glycosides might be acting as chemical attractants for the beetles. Field experiments showed that allyl isothiocyanate is a powerful attractant for adults of both P. cruciferae and P. striolata .
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Emerging Mechanisms of Resistance

The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) have shown promise in the treatment of a number of hematologic malignancies, leading to the approval of vorinostat and romidepsin for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and romidepsin for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Despite these promising results, clinical trials with the HDIs in solid tumors have not met with success. Examining mechanisms of resistance to HDIs may lead to strategies that increase their therapeutic potential in solid tumors. However, relatively few examples of drug-selected cell lines exist, and mechanisms of resistance have not been studied in depth. Very few clinical translational studies have evaluated resistance mechanisms. In the current review, we summarize many of the purported mechanisms of action of the HDIs in clinical trials and examine some of the emerging resistance mechanisms.
WE‐C‐BRB‐10: Acceleration of Proton Monte Carlo Simulations Using the Macro Monte Carlo Method

Purpose: This work describes a new macro Monte Carlo method for proton beam dose calculation. Originally developed for electron beams, macro Monte Carlo (MMC) is designed to provide better computational efficiency than traditional MC without sacrificing accuracy. Methods: The proton MMC method performs dose calculation using pre‐calculated steps derived from MCNPX simulations. Simulations of mono‐energetic proton pencil beams ranging from 5–200 MeV impinging on homogenous cylinders of varying length, radius and material were carried out using MCNPX. The energy loss, trajectory and exit position of the exiting protons and secondary particles have been determined and used to create a pre‐calculated step database. The database is used to transport protons through an absorbing geometry in a step‐by‐step manner. Energy loss is scored in a 3D dose grid during each step. The creation of secondary particles is tracked as well. For validation purposes, the dose distributions for many monoenergetic proton beams have been calculated using proton MMC and MCNPX for single‐ and multi‐layered phantoms. The resulting central‐axis depth dose curves and dose profiles have been compared. The materials tested include water, bone, fat, soft tissue and lung.Results: The calculated central‐axis depth dose curves agree better than 1% or 1 mm for all pencil beams near the Bragg peak. The lateral dose profiles agree to better than 1% or 1 mm for all pencil beams near the Bragg peak. Away from the Bragg peak, the depth dose curves and lateral profiles agree better than 1% or 1 mm for energies below 100 MeV. Above 100 MeV, disagreement can reach 5%. The computational efficiency of proton MMC is about 100 times greater than for MCNPX.Conclusions: The results from the dose comparisons show that proton MMC is accurate and more efficient than traditional Monte Carlo.
Will hunters steward wolves? A comment on Treves and Martin

As wolf conservation transitions away from federally sponsored protection and recovery toward sustainable management under state fish and game agencies, researchers and policymakers are interested to know what role hunters will play. Based upon hunters' responses to three recent surveys in Wisconsin and the northern Rockies, Treves and Martin question the assumption that hunters will steward wolves, noting that the majority of hunters that responded were unsupportive of wolf conservation. However, this conclusion largely depends upon what is meant by stewardship and what actions are required for wolves to be conserved. This article discusses the meaning of three concepts either explicitly or implicitly discussed by Treves and Martin—tolerance, acceptance, and stewardship—and offers a conceptual model of wildlife conservation behavior that clarifies the relationship among these concepts.
Multiple cast post and cores for severely worn anterior teeth

A technique has been presented to simplify the fabrication of multiple direct post and core patterns. When combined with techniques for indirect provisional restorations, this technique merely requires the fabrication of an additional plastic template to form the direct core patterns.
Location of interganglionic neurons in the stomatogastric system of the spiny lobster.

The stomatogastric ganglion produces distinct and complex patterned output driving the mastication and filtration of food. It does so with a small number of neurons whose properties and interconnections have been extensively examined. The motor patterns are subject to modulation and integration by neurons of other ganglia. This paper reports a search for interneurons of the four interconnecting ganglia of this system, using cobalt chloride backfilling techniques. It was determined that only a small number of neurons may interconnect these ganglia: (1) In thestomatogastric ganglion there are two to three small neurons and six large neurons with neurites projecting anteriorly towards the other ganglia. (2) In the twocommissural ganglia there are one to three small neurons whose neurites project to the primary input nerve of the stomatogastric ganglion. (3) In theoesophageal ganglion there are three small neurons whose location would allow them to play a co-ordinating role in the output of all four ganglia.
Role of CYP2E1 in ethanol-induced oxidant stress, fatty liver and hepatotoxicity.

Background/Aims: Several pathways contribute to mechanisms by which ethanol induces oxidant stress. While some studies support a role for cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), others do not
Evaluation Of Spacecraft Materials And Processes For Optical Degradation Potential

A Wide Field Planetary Camera instrument with wide wavelength sensitive Charged Coupled Device detectors has been designed and built for employment in space. The contamination potential of the spacecraft hardware is determined by the outgassing characteristics of the selected materials and the effect of the performed processing procedures. An investigation was conducted to provide for more selective material screening with respect to contamination potential and to develop an optical effects data base. In the investigation, a series of thermogravimetric, residual gas, Micro-Volatile Condensible Material (VCM), and Vacuum Optical Degradation tests were performed. The results of the Micro-VCM testing of four epoxy adhesive systems are presented in tables.
Antibody directed against GD2 produces mechanical allodynia, but not thermal hyperalgesia when administered systemically or intrathecally despite its dependence on capsaicin sensitive afferents

Anti-GD(2) antibodies have been shown to be effective for immunotherapy of neuroblastoma and other GD(2) enriched malignancies. Infusion of anti-GD(2) antibodies frequently causes spontaneous pain and allodynia for the duration of the immunotherapy and occasionally longer lasting neuropathic pain. Bolus intravenous injection of anti-GD(2) in rats initiates mechanical allodynia as measured by withdrawal threshold of the hindpaws. In this study, thermal thresholds were measured prior to and for up to 6 h following systemic anti-GD(2) administration in adult rats. In addition, both thermal and mechanical thresholds were tested following intrathecal administration of anti-GD(2) and IgG(2a). Murine anti-GD(2) elicited mechanical allodynia when administered into either the vasculature or the intrathecal space. Effective systemic doses were 1--3 mg/kg as previously shown. Intrathecally, optimal doses ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ng; a higher dose was ineffective. Thermal hyperalgesia was not observed via either route of administration. Intrathecal pretreatment 48--72 h prior to the experiment with capsaicin at doses sufficient to cause a 50% depletion of dorsal horn CGRP, caused a total blockade of the mechanical allodynia indicating an involvement of peptidergic fine afferent fibers. It is likely that the antibody reacts with an antigen on peripheral nerve and/or myelin to initiate its effect. The lack of observed thermal hyperalgesia is surprising especially in light of the capsaicin-associated blockade, however, it is consistent with several other immune system related models of pain.
Mobile robot monocular vision navigation based on road region and boundary estimation

We present a monocular vision-based navigation system that incorporates two contrasting approaches: region segmentation that computes the road appearance, and road boundary detection that estimates the road shape. The former approach segments the image into multiple regions, then selects and tracks the most likely road appearance. On the other hand, the latter detects the vanishing point and road boundaries to estimate the shape of the road. Our algorithm operates in urban road settings and requires no training or camera calibration to maximize its adaptability to many environments. We tested our system in 1 indoor and 3 outdoor urban environments using our ground-based robot, Beobot 2.0, for real-time autonomous visual navigation. In 20 trial runs the robot was able to travel autonomously for 98.19% of the total route length of 316.60m.
KR08 Achieving Sustainable Development in Southern California: Collaborative Learning through System Dynamics Modeling

Southern California's gateway to international commerce is through major ports in the San Pedro Bay. The University of Southern California is working with local business and other port stakeholders to enable collaborative learning about sustainable business practices. We are using system dynamics-based models for participants to locate leverage points that yield the highest CO2 footprint reduction for the lowest cost for the shipping of goods from China through one of the ports. As goods movement is a process in which numerous business entities connect, it also offers an opportunity for a collaborative learning approach. We model key leverage points in the supply chain to explore the affects of potential business decisions on the CO2 footprint of shipping containers. These include options for global route choices and clean technologies for ships, rails and trucks. We are expanding the models for refined route options, adding cost functions, and composite clean technology choices across the transport modalities.
Decreased urine formation in sodium depleted rats

Sodium deficient rats show a marked antidiuresis in response to an intragastric water load thus invalidating the hypothesis that increased water intake of hyposalemic animals results from an increased urine formation.
Multiple Caspases Mediate Acute Renal Cell Apoptosis Induced by Bacterial Cell Wall Components

The stimulus for caspase-mediated renal cell apoptosis in septic acute renal failure (ARF) is unclear. To demonstrate the nephrotoxic effects of bacterial cell wall components, the anti-cellular activity of bacterial muropeptides (muramyl dipeptides), peptidoglycans, and lipopolysaccharides was investigated in rabbit kidney cells. Changes in the cell membrane (APOPercentage™ dye uptake), caspase activities, and DNA degradation were quantified colorimetrically and using densitometric assays and their inhibition by caspase-specific and pan-caspase inhibitors was determined. The onset and levels of APOPercentage™ dye-positive rabbit kidney cells, caspase activities, and DNA degradation were closely associated. Specific caspase-1, -2, -3, -4, -8, -10, and -12 inhibitors reduced caspase-3 activity by ≥40%, but only caspase-3 and -8-specific inhibitors reduced apoptotic DNA levels. Pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh was 10-fold more effective at inhibiting rabbit kidney cell death, caspase activation, and DNA degra...