cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a Mn-Co surface alloy: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) study of Co adsorption on Si(100) and its interaction with Mn wires

Abstract The interaction of Co with the Si(100)-2 × 1 surface is studied with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), followed by investigation of Co deposition on Si(100)-2 × 1 decorated with Mn wires, and the co-deposition of Mn and Co. The Co deposition (0.03 to 0.1 ML) leads to the formation of a significant number of defects, and the concentration of A and B-type defects increases independently of Co-coverage from 2 to 4% before Co-deposition by an average of 8.4%. This is attributed to an equilibrium reaction between defect creation, through interaction of Co with the surface and associated ejection of Si-atoms, and annihilation of defects with Si-surface atoms. Co occupies preferentially (70%) the asymmetric subsurface sites with the remainder sitting in symmetric subsurface sites. The Co-induced formation of defects is also observed in the presence of Mn wires, and during the co-deposition of both elements. Deposition of Co on the Si-surface decorated with Mn wires leads to the introduction of numerous kinks and therefore, overall shorter Mn wires; the underlying mechanism remains an open question. A comparison of the density of Co atoms in a capture zone containing all atoms adjacent to a wire and on the free surface in between Mn wires, illustrates the preference for Co atoms to decorate Mn wires. This can be interpreted as the early stages of alloying. The co-deposition of Mn and Co leads to a very similar picture: short Mn wires coexist with a defect-rich Si surface, and a Co-atom distribution similar to the sequential deposition is observed albeit with a stronger tendency to form small clusters. The strong driving force for the Mn wire formation is therefore the critical parameter in controlling the overall Mn and Co atom distribution on the surface. These experiments will enable us in the future to develop an in-depth understanding of the magnetic exchange interaction in composite layers.
Linking the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Pacific plate and the Atlantic bordering continents using plate circuits and paleomagnetic data

[1] Late Cretaceous to Paleogene paleomagnetic data from the Pacific plate (the Emperor Seamounts) can be compared with data from the Atlantic bordering continents through the use of plate circuit reconstructions. Here we summarize the uncertainties in all data sets and present formal tests. We report agreement between Late Cretaceous Pacific paleomagnetic data and predictions based on the estimates of non-Pacific pole positions from synthetic apparent polar wander paths. This congruency points to the veracity of the plate circuits and the accuracy of the paleomagnetic estimates. In contrast to the agreement seen for the Late Cretaceous, small discrepancies are observed in the comparisons of the Pacific Paleogene data and predictions from synthetic apparent polar wander paths. Such a disparity in a younger time interval is unexpected, given the agreement of the Late Cretaceous data. The possibility that minor, temporally variable nondipole field components contribute to the discrepancy cannot be completely discounted. However, an alternative and more straightforward explanation is suggested by further comparisons of the mean non-Pacific paleomagnetic data and the highest-quality poles that contribute to the means. In particular, we note that (1) the Pacific Paleogene data are in full agreement with coeval poles from North America meeting strict reliability criteria and (2) the non-Pacific Paleogene poles of synthetic apparent polar wander paths are dominated by results from the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), but taken as a whole, the NAIP data fail a paleomagnetic reversal test. Hence, minor discrepancies between Paleocene paleomagnetic data from the Pacific and Atlantic hemispheres may point to limitations of the latter, which incorporate a relatively large number of older, lower-quality data. These findings call for renewed data collections utilizing comprehensive rock magnetic and paleomagnetic (demagnetization) procedures to improve resolution of Paleocene non-Pacific data. The uncertainties of the Pacific paleolatitude data and the non-Pacific reference poles are larger than the differences related to the use of the two alternative plate circuits (through East to West Antarctica and through Australia to the Lord Howe Rise) that link the Atlantic and Pacific hemispheres. While no preference can thus be given to either plate circuit, their overall consistency with paleomagnetic data suggests that they can be used to investigate long-term motion of the Pacific plate since Late Cretaceous times.
Secular trends in the use, quality, and outcomes of gastrectomy for noncardia gastric cancer in the United States.

Background The overall survival with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States has remained poor and relatively unchanged over the past 2 decades. This brings into question the utilization and quality of gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. We examined the trends, extent, and determinants of surgical treatment and the influence of gastrectomy and adequacy of lymphadenectomy (defined as collection of 15 or more lymph nodes) on non-cardia gastric cancer survival.
Psychosocial intervention in pediatric epilepsy: a critique of the literature.

Abstract It is well documented that youth with epilepsy are at increased risk for psychopathology. The current literature supports a biopsychosocial model of adjustment to pediatric epilepsy, and implies that interventions focused on changing youths’ cognitions and illness appraisals, as well as enhancing their coping skills, may be an effective treatment for psychosocial maladjustment associated with pediatric epilepsy. The purpose of this article is to review and critique the extant literature covering psychological interventions that target psychosocial adjustment in youth with seizures followed by those aimed at reducing seizure frequency. For health care professionals treating epilepsy, establishing evidence-based interventions that target psychiatric difficulties in youth with epilepsy should be paramount in the promotion of optimal epilepsy outcomes. Thus, future recommendations for clinical endeavors and research proposals are also presented.
Spectral transmittance and contrast in breast diaphanography.

Diaphanography is an imaging technique using transillumination with visible and near‐infrared radiation, and a video camera, to diagnose breast disease, including cancer. Originally based on luminance contrast only, there is now interest in false‐color multispectral imaging in selected spectral bands to improve tissue differentiation. Some success has been achieved, but the scientific basis for the results was unknown. This research is concerned with measurements of the diffuse transmittance of breast tissues as a function of wavelength in the 600–1060 nm range (and calculations of contrast with a one‐dimensional diffusion theory model).Carcinoma and glandular tissues were found to have similar spectral transmittances with an increase in transmittance between 750 and 900 nm, and an absorption window around 960 nm. Adipose tissue showed a distinct transmittance minimum at 930 nm. I n v i v o measurement of an intact normal breast showed a minimum at about 825 nm, as yet unexplained. The transmittance data and reflectance data were used to derive the scattering and absorption coefficients. The diffusion length was also determined from radiance versus depth measurements. These coefficients were used for calculations of contrast in a one‐dimensional slab model, with and without a layer of cancerous tissue positioned between two slabs of normal tissue.
A longitudinal community-based study of chronic illness, cognitive and physical function, and depression.

Objective: Recent studies have tried to determine which aspects of chronic illness heighten the risk for depression, with functional impairment receiving the most attention. There is growing evidence that functional impairment accounts for most of the association between chronic illness and depression. This study examines the relative contribution of cognitive function, physical function, and chronic illness to depression 2 years later in a nationwide sample of elders aged 70 and older. Methods: This is a longitudinal community-based study of 5,289 elders completing two waves of assessment in the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old study. Depression assessment included an abbreviated version of the CES-D and of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the CESD-8 and the CIDI-S). Cognitive function, physical function, and presence of chronic illness assessed at Wave 1 were examined as predictors of depression at Wave 2 while controlling for Wave 1 CESD-8 score. Results: In a full multivariate model, most baseline cognitive function, physical function, and chronic illness variables predicted depression as measured by the CESD-8 at Wave 2. The associations were markedly weaker between baseline variables and the Wave 2 CIDI-S. The Wave 1 CESD-8 score predicted all-cause mortality by Wave 2 (Z = 3.13; p > Z=0.002) even after controlling for key health and functioning variables. Conclusion: Chronic illness, physical function, and cognitive function all independently predict depressive morbidity in late-life. The CIDI-S appeared less informative about these key relationships when compared to the CESD-8. The significance of depressive symptoms was demonstrated by their independent association with all-cause mortality at 2-year follow-up.
3.1 mechanical properties of PVD films

Abstract The mechanical properties of thin films are influenced by their structures, stability, internal stresses and thickness which makes the understanding of the mechanical behavior a complex problem. Thick films of metals and alloys seem to follow the same, well-established trends in structure and properties as bulk materials produced by more conventional wrought techniques. The state of understanding of the mechanical behavior of thick films of refractory compounds is still in its infancy and much work remains to be done for this very important class of materials.
Reversed self-steepening in nonlinear pulse propagation along a silicon nano-crystal slot waveguide with engineered dispersion of nonlinearity

We show that the dispersion of nonlinearity can be engineered in silicon slot waveguides over a wide wavelength range. A hardly observable nonlinear effect - reversed self-steepening now becomes possible on a chip.
Strategic Implications of the Multinational Structure of Food Processing

Handy and MacDonald analyze the characteristics of firms adopting direct exporting or direct foreign investment strategies. They show that firms capable of effective product differentiation tend to utilize direct foreign investment rather than exporting. They conclude that efforts to increase U.S. exports of processed food products will be difficult unless the incentives associated with direct for-
Transmission ion chamber : design and application.

Abstract A Transmission Ion Chamber (TIC) was constructed for use at the focal plane of the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA). The motivation for the construction of the TIC was to allow energy loss information to be added to the focal plane identification data. Three experiments immediately benefited form this information. First, an astrophysics experiment studying 69 Br via the β decay of 69 Kr would benefit greatly by adding a TIC to the existing implantation station. Second the study of extreme sub-barrier heavy-ion fusion evaporation reaction could be made more sensitive. Third, a study was performed using a PPAC–TIC–DSSD configuration to separate 101 Sn from the other evaporation products of highly excited 108 Te.
Microwave magnetic thin-film devices

The author reviews the current status of magnetic film technology and then summarizes the state-of-the-art and remaining unsolved problems of each of the three major application areas: analog signal processing devices, tunable filters and oscillators, and control components. Two major thin-film approaches are covered: magnetostatic-wave (MSW) devices and thin-film implementations of bulk-ferrite devices. Promising research directions are identified. >
Hand Washing Warning

To avoid confusion, safety rules should specify that the use of hand sanitizers is not a substitute for washing hands after laboratory.
All the World's a Stage? Consequences of a Role-Playing Pedagogy on Psychological Factors and Writing and Rhetorical Skill in College Undergraduates

Reacting to the Past is a pedagogy involving collaborative role playing in history-based games over a semester. This article presents results from a systematic assessment of this novel pedagogy conducted in 3 phases following student focus group interviews. Interviews indicated that the method was generally popular compared with traditional pedagogies, although several concerns about the course were raised. Quasi-experimental procedures were then used to examine consequences of the pedagogy on psychosocial variables and skill development at both the host (Phase 1) and affiliated (Phase 2) institutions. In both phases, students in Reacting to the Past showed elevated self-esteem and empathy, a more external locus of control, and greater endorsement of the belief that human characteristics are malleable compared with controls. Rhetorical skills were enhanced, but writing skills were unaffected. Phase 3 investigated individual differences in predicting course enjoyment and performance. Although individual differences correlated with enjoyment of the pedagogy, they were generally unrelated to grades received. These findings suggest that this role-playing pedagogy adds diversity to student experience while producing some beneficial psychological consequences and improvement in academic skills.
Synthesis and biological activities of tricyclic conformationally restricted tetrahydropyrido annulated furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases

The synthesis of seven 2,4-diamino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-substituted pyrido[4',3':4,5]furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 1-6 are reported as nonclassical antifolate inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and compound 7 as a classical antifolate inhibitor of tumor cells in culture. The compounds were designed as conformationally restricted analogues of trimetrexate. The synthesis was accomplished from the cyclocondensation of 3-bromo-4-piperidone with 2, 4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine to afford regiospecifically 2, 4-diamino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4',3':4,5]furo[2, 3-d]pyrimidine-7-hydrobromide (16). This in turn was alkylated with the appropriate benzyl halide to afford the target compounds 1-6. The classical antifolate 7 utilized 4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl-l-glutamic acid diethyl ester (17) instead of the benzyl halide for alkylation, followed by saponification to afford 7. Compounds 1-6 showed moderate inhibitory potency against DHFR from Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Mycobacterium avium, and rat liver. The classical analogue 7 was 88-fold more potent against M. avium DHFR than against rat liver DHFR. The classical analogue was also inhibitory against the growth of tumor cells, CCRF-CEM, and FaDu, in culture.
Low-power microfluidic electro-hydraulic pump (EHP)

Low-power electrolysis-based microfluidic pumps utilizing the principle of hydraulics, integrated with microfluidic channels in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates, are presented. The electro-hydraulic pumps (EHPs), consisting of electrolytic, hydraulic and fluidic chambers, were investigated using two types of electrodes: stainless steel for larger volumes and annealed gold electrodes for smaller-scale devices. Using a hydraulic fluid chamber and a thin flexible PDMS membrane, this novel prototype successfully separates the reagent fluid from the electrolytic fluid, which is particularly important for biological and chemical applications. The hydraulic advantage of the EHP device arises from the precise control of flow rate by changing the electrolytic pressure generated, independent of the volume of the reagent chamber, mimicking the function of a hydraulic press. Since the reservoirs are pre-filled with reagents and sealed prior to testing, external fluid coupling is minimized. The stainless steel electrode EHPs were manufactured with varying chamber volume ratios (1 : 1 to 1 : 3) as a proof-of-concept, and exhibited flow rates of 1.25 to 30 µl/min with electrolysis-based actuation at 2.5 to 10 VDC. The miniaturized gold electrode EHPs were manufactured with 3 mm diameters and 1 : 1 chamber volume ratios, and produced flow rates of 1.24 to 7.00 µl/min at 2.5 to 10 VAC, with a higher maximum sustained pressure of 343 KPa, suggesting greater device robustness using methods compatible with microfabrication. The proposed technology is low-cost, low-power and disposable, with a high level of reproducibility, allowing for ease of fabrication and integration into existing microfluidic lab-on-a-chip and analysis systems.
Experiments to measure the gravitational acceleration of antimatter

It has never been directly experimentally demonstrated that antimatter is gravitationally attracted to matter. We discuss the theoretical and experimental situation, and propose a new experiment using antiprotons.
Calendered linear low‐density polyethylene consolidated meat and bone meal composites

Bioplastics produced from meat and bone meal (MBM) suffer from rapid and drastic mechanical property deterioration because of their hydrophilic nature. This study investigates mechanical and water stability of composites produced from introduction of a minor component of a synthetic polyethylene as a binder phase to consolidate MBM. The milled and sieved MBM was compounded with 5–60 wt % linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and formed into composite sheets by calendering, which is an industrially relevant process. Results indicated that a minimum of 15 wt % LLDPE content was required to form a nominally continuous binder phase that allowed for good processability and environment stability of the composites. As expected, the water vapor permeability (WVP) and water absorption characteristics of the composites were intermediate between those of MBM and LLDPE. Sheets containing 15 wt % LLDPE absorbed up to 35 wt % water. Composites tested after being soaked in water showed an initial decrease in TS of about 30% for the first hour but then remained fairly unchanged in the next 72 hours, confirming their moderate environment stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41145.
Molecular recognition by cyclodextrin dimers

Abstract Cyclodextrin dimers strongly bind substrates with the correct geometry in water solution. Studies with antihydrophobic agents help clarify the factors involved.
Lexicon Acquisition for Dialectal Arabic Using Transductive Learning

We investigate the problem of learning a part-of-speech (POS) lexicon for a resource-poor language, dialectal Arabic. Developing a high-quality lexicon is often the first step towards building a POS tagger, which is in turn the front-end to many NLP systems. We frame the lexicon acquisition problem as a transductive learning problem, and perform comparisons on three transductive algorithms: Transductive SVMs, Spectral Graph Transducers, and a novel Transductive Clustering method. We demonstrate that lexicon learning is an important task in resource-poor domains and leads to significant improvements in tagging accuracy for dialectal Arabic.
Correlations between fragment mass and excitation energy in damped reactions.

A recent claim of significant correlations between the fragment mass and excitation energy at a fixed total kinetic energy loss in a damped reaction is reexamined. It is shown that correlations of similar character and strength to those reported, result from incorrect assumptions made in the original analysis of kinematical coincidence data from the {sup 165}Ho+{sup 56}Fe reaction at 504 MeV. Based on Monte Carlo simulations of the experiment, it is concluded, that within the uncertainties resulting from the experimental method, the data from the above reaction are consistent with a damped reaction mechanism, in which, for a fixed kinetic energy loss, the fragment excitation energy is uncorrelated with its mass.
A REVIEW OF STRUCTURE IN THE SELECTION INTERVIEW

Virtually every previous review has concluded that structuring the selection interview improves its psychometric properties. This paper reviews the research literature in order to describe and evaluate the many ways interviews can be structured. Fifteen components of structure are identified that may enhance either the content of the interview or the evaluation process in the interview. Each component is explained in terms of its various operationalizations in the literature. Then, each component is critiqued in terms of its impact on numerous forms of reliability, validity, and user reactions. Finally, recommendations for research and practice are presented. It is concluded that interviews can be easily enhanced by using some of the many possible components of structure, and the improvement of this popular selection procedure should be a high priority for future research and practice.
An estimate of gas emissions and magmatic gas content from Kilauea volcano

Abstract Emission rates of CO2 have been measured at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in the east-rift eruptive plume and CO2 and SO2 have been measured in the plume from the noneruptive fumaroles in the summit caldera. These data yield an estimate of the loading of Kilauean eruptive gases to the atmosphere and suggest that such estimates may be inferred directly from measured lava volumes. These data, combined with other chemical and geologic data, suggest that magma arrives at the shallow summit reservoir containing (wt.%) 0.32% H2O, 0.32% CO2 and 0.09% S. Magma is rapidly degassed of most of its CO2 in the shallow reservoir before transport to the eruption site. Because this summit degassing yields a magma saturated and in equilibrium with volatile species and because transport of the magma to the eruption site occurs in a zone no shallower than the summit reservoir, we suggest that eruptive gases from Kilauea characteristically should be one of two types: a ‘primary’ gas from fresh magma derived directly from the mantle and a carbon-depleted gas from magma stored in the summit reservoir.
Retroactivity to the input in complex gene transcription networks

Synthetic biology is a bottom-up engineering discipline: biological modules are systematically designed with predefined behavior and then combined to build up larger circuits. Although the modules produce the desired behavior in isolation, they fail to operate properly when they are connected due to retroactivity, an effect which extends the notion of impedance to biomolecular systems. Despite playing a central role, retroactivity is not yet characterized in complex gene transcription networks. In this paper, we mathematically describe and quantify this effect. This result is obtained by applying singular perturbation on the finite time interval. We identify the biomolecular counterpart of impedance and introduce the effective retroactivity to the input of a gene. Furthermore, we provide a theorem describing how modules affect each other when connected. We restore modular composition of synthetic circuits by extending the characterization of modules with internal and input retroactivities. We illustrate the implications of the results by investigating crosstalk in a simple genetic system.
Diversity of order and densities in jammed hard-particle packings

Recently the conventional notion of random close packing has been supplanted by the more appropriate concept of the maximally random jammed (MRJ) state. This inevitably leads to the necessity of distinguishing the MRJ state among the entire collection of jammed packings. While the ideal method of addressing this question would be to enumerate and classify all possible jammed hard-sphere configurations, practical limitations prevent such a method from being employed. Instead, we generate numerically a large number of representative jammed hard-sphere configurations (primarily relying on a slight modification of the Lubachevsky-Stillinger algorithm to do so) and evaluate several commonly employed order metrics for each of these packings. Our investigation shows that, even in the large-system limit, jammed systems of hard spheres can be generated with a wide range of packing fractions from phi approximately 0.52 to the fcc limit (phi approximately 0.74). Moreover, at a fixed packing fraction, the variation in the order can be substantial, indicating that the density alone does not uniquely characterize a packing. Interestingly, each order metric evaluated yielded a relatively consistent estimate for the packing fraction of the maximally random jammed state (phi(MRJ) approximately 0.63). This estimate, however, is compromised by the weaknesses in the order metrics available, and we propose several guiding principles for future efforts to define more broadly applicable metrics.
Stress-intensity factors for a semi-infinite plane crack with a wavy front

The stress-intensity factors for a semi-infinite plane crack with a wavy front are determined when the crack faces are subjected to normal and shearing tractions. The results are derived using asymptotic methods and are valid to O(e2) where e=A/λ≪1; A is the amplitude and λ is the wavelength of the wavy front. The normal and shearing tractions are in the form of line loads “parallel” to the crack front. The results are then used to evaluate, in a qualitative manner, the growth characteristics of a semi-infinite plance crack with a wavy front under combined mode loading. This provides a possible explanation of crack front segmentation observed experimentally.
Regional Variation in the Use of Sarcasm

College students in New York and Tennessee participated in tasks designed to measure their use of sarcasm. They also provided definitions for the terms irony and sarcasm and completed part of a Sarcasm Self-Report Scale. Northern participants generated more sarcastic completions and chose more direct ironic statements than their Southern counterparts did. Regional differences accounted for a unique amount of variance when other demographic factors were controlled for. Northern and male participants self-reported using sarcasm more than Southern and female participants, respectively. Northern participants defined sarcasm as involving more humor than Southern participants. Correlations of the participants' use of sarcasm and the self-report measure revealed a moderate degree of metapragmatic awareness. This study is the first to demonstrate regional differences in the use of sarcasm, and possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
Industrial Profits in 1917

The theory that business profits, in the long run, tend towards equality between different industries is qualified by the admission that, at any given time, variations exist. Such variations in 108 industries are examined for the year 1917. — I. Source of the data: Treasury tax returns for 26,477 corporations, 242. — II. Variation in the earnings of these different industries and trades, and in eleven major groups of industries into which they fall, 243. — III. Range between individual firms within given industries and groups, 253. — IV. Variations in the average invested capitals per corporation, 259. — V. Earnings of the largest corporations, 261. — VI. Effect of taxation on profits. Summary, 264.
McArdle disease: the mystery of reappearing phosphorylase activity in muscle culture--a fetal isoenzyme

To understand the apparently paradoxical appearance of phosphorylase in muscle cultured from patients with McArdle disease, the enzyme in muscle culture was studied immunologically and electrophoretically. Antibody against normal human muscle phosphorylase completely inhibited the enzyme of adult muscle, but it had no effect on phosphorylase activity of muscle cultures from normal individuals or patients with McArdle disease. Also, amounts of antibody that would completely inhibit phosphorylase in mature muscle left about 30% of the activity in muscle obtained from human fetus at four months' gestation. Acrylamide-disc and slab-gel electrophoresis showed a single band of phorphorylase activity in adult muscle and two bands in fetal muscle. This suggested that at four months' gestation, both fetal and mature forms are present but that only the mature isoenzyme is inhibited by the antibody. The enzyme from cultured muscle gave only a single band, with the electrophoretic mobility of the fetal isoenzyme. These data suggest that phosphorylase activity in muscle cultured from patients with McArdle disease is due to a fetal isoenzyme whose genetic control is different from that of the mature enzyme.
Spoken organizational lecture cues and student notetaking as facilitators of student learning

Abstract Previous research has shown that providing written organizational lecture cues boosts notetaking and that boosting notetaking raises achievement. Lecture learning literature, however, is silent on whether spoken organizational lecture cues boost notetaking and achievement. To find out, participants listened to a lecture that contained or did not contain spoken organizational lecture cues. Participants either recorded lecture notes or refrained from notetaking while listening to the cued or uncued lecture. Results showed that spoken organizational lecture cues boosted the number of noted organizational points and details by 39 and 35%, respectively. Results also confirmed that lecture cues and notetaking work to raise achievement. Notetaking resulted in about 13% higher test achievement than not taking notes. Cueing raised test achievement 15–45% versus noncueing. Educators are encouraged to use spoken organizational cues while presenting lectures.
Hierarchical Production Planning in Dynamic Stochastic Manufacturing Systems: Asymptotic Optimality and Error Bounds

This paper presents an asymptotic analysis of hierarchical manufacturing systems with stochastic demand and machines subject to breakdown and repair as the rate of change in machine states approaches infinity. This situation gives rise to a limiting problem in which the stochastic machine availability is replaced by the equilibrium mean availability. The value function for the original problem converges to the value function of the limiting problem. Moreover, a control for the original problem can be constructed from the optimal control of the limiting problem in a way which guarantees its asymptotic optimality. Asymptotic properties of the system trajectories are analyzed for both feedback and open loop controls in the system. The convergence rate of the value function for the original problem is found. This helps in providing an error estimate for the constructed asymptotically optimal control.
PO-0662 Umbilical Cord Blood Gases Analysis In Pregnancies Complicated By Nuchal Cord

Introduction Cardio-pulmonary compromise in fetus and newborn secondary to loose or tight nuchal cord at or prior to delivery is an important area for research. Our aim in this study is to evaluate umbilical arterial (UA) and venous (UV) pH, pO 2 , pCO 2 , base deficit and the umbilical veno-arterial difference (Uv-a) in these parameters in newborns born following nuchal cord. Methodology UA and UV pH, pO 2 , pCO 2 , and base deficit of 47 newborns born following tight nuchal cord, 44 newborns born following single loose nuchal cord and 44 newborns born without nuchal cord were compared across. Results Mean UA pH (7.25 vs. 7.28) was lower in the nuchal cord group and mean UA pCO 2 (58.11 vs. 54.38) was higher in the nuchal cord group; however the difference was not statistically significant. No difference was found in pO 2 or base deficit across groups. However, nuchal cord to control group comparisons of U v-a pH and U v-a pCO 2 change were both significant (p 2 differences between control and tight nuchal cord were observed. U v-a pO 2 difference and U v-a base deficit difference was also non-significant across groups. Discussion UA acidosis was observed in group with nuchal cord, as seen by lower mean UA pH and elevated UA pCO 2 (statistical non-significance could be due to low power) and U v-a difference in pH and pCO 2 (statistically significant). Large prospective studies would be needed to clearly understand the patho-physiology of acidosis in newborns born following nuchal cord.
The Formation of Multiple Squall Lines and the Impacts of WSR-88D Radial Winds in a WRF Simulation

Abstract A detailed observational and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model analysis utilizing Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), surface, and upper-air observations, as well as Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) images, shows a chain of events that leads to the formation of two prefrontal squall lines along the western Gulf coast on 29–30 April 2005. An approaching surface cold front (CF) generated an atmospheric bore that propagated along an inversion layer and excited high-frequency, low-level tropospheric gravity waves, initiating a squall line 60 km east of the cold front. This sequence of events manifested itself as low-level convergence ahead of the CF, which was detected by nearby WSR-88D radars. Two WRF model experiments were conducted in which one assimilated conventional observations (CTRL), and another included radar radial winds from nine WSR-88D locations (denoted as RADAR). Better representation of the low-level kinematics in RADAR yielded a dist...
Interaction of Phospholipase C-γ1 with Villin Regulates Epithelial Cell Migration *

Tyrosine-phosphorylated villin regulates actin dynamics, cell morphology, and cell migration. Previously, we identified four tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the amino-terminal domain of villin. In this study we report six new sites in the carboxyl-terminal region of the villin core. With this study we document all phosphorylatable tyrosine residues in villin and map them to functions of villin. In this study, we identify for the first time the functional relevance of the carboxyl-terminal domains of the villin core. Expression of the carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation site mutant, as well as the villin truncation mutant S1-S3, inhibited cell migration in HeLa and Madin-Darby canine kidney Tet-Off cells, confirming the role of the carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation sites in villin-induced cell migration. The carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation sites were found to be critical for the interaction of villin with its ligand phospholipase C-gamma1 and for its localization to the developing lamellipodia in a motile cell. The results presented here elucidate the molecular basis for tyrosine-phosphorylated villin-induced changes in cell motility.
Book Review: Universities and Colleges as Economic DriversLaneJ. E.Bruce JohnstoneD. (Eds.). (2012). Universities and Colleges as Economic Drivers. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN: 978-1-4384-4500-7

With so much written on the topic of the impact of universities on economic development, one could question the contributions that could result from yet another edited volume on this topic. Despite the crowded literature, this book is a valuable contribution of well-written chapters on specific topics that connect together to form a coherent volume. Although Universities and Colleges as Economic Drivers is the product of a 2011 SUNY conference, the book speaks to issues of national concern of interest to higher education professionals, economic development practitioners, state policy makers, and those interested in the relationship between universities and economic development. Following a foreword byNancy Zimpher, chancellor of the State University of New York, the book has 10 chapters that address particular aspects of the relationship between higher education and economic development. A dominant theme of the book is the challenge in measuring the myriad ways universities contribute to economic growth and development, as almost eve1y chapter concludes with a call for better measures andmore data to clarity this relationship. The first chapter by Lane shows that there is growing international recognition that universities are important to economic growth in developed innovation-based economies but that much more work is needed to measure the economic development contributions of universities. The chapter shows that many universities now place economic development as a central element of their institutional mission. This chapter is followed by a contribution by Gais and Wright that provides a good summary of the various ways that universities contribute to economic development. Such ways include the role of universities as spender and consumer, the contribution universities make to human capital development, research and development (R&D) and entrepreneurship, business assistance such as through providing business services and student workers, and supporting community vitality. The chapter does miss the important role that universities make in providing leadership to regional economic development activities and perhaps being the catalyst for changing regional economic development trajectories.
ACCESSING CHILDREN'S PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR FAMILY: CIRCULAR QUESTIONING REVISITED

Children are sometimes excluded from family therapy because of the lack of techniques for fully incorporating children in family sessions. Circular questioning, a technique developed by the Milan team of family therapists, is modified for use with children of varying developmental levels. Five types of circular questions are presented and modifications of each type are discussed. Each modification is further illustrated with a case study. Practical considerations when conducting circular questioning sessions with children are addressed. These modifications of circular questioning with children facilitate the participation and inclusion of children in family therapy.
Characterization of the dszABC genes of Gordonia amicalis F.5.25.8 and identification of conserved protein and DNA sequences

Gordonia amicalis F.5.25.8 has the unique ability to desulfurize dibenzothiophene and to metabolize carbazole [Santos et al., Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 71:355–362, 2006]. Efforts to amplify the dsz genes from G. amicalis F.5.25.8 based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers designed using the dsz gene sequences of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 were mostly unsuccessful. A comparison of the protein sequences of dissimilar desulfurization enzymes (DszABC, BdsABC, and TdsABC) revealed multiple conserved regions. PCR primers targeting some of the most highly conserved regions of the desulfurization genes allowed us to amplify dsz genes from G. amicalis F.5.25.8. DNA sequence data that include nearly the entirety of the desulfurization operon as well as the promoter region were obtained. The most closely related dsz genes are those of G. alkinovorans strain 1B at 85% identity. The PCR primers reported here should be useful in microbial ecology studies and the amplification of desulfurization genes from previously uncharacterized microbial cultures.
Generative Metaphor Intervention: A New Approach for Working with Systems Divided by Conflict and Caught in Defensive Perception:

This article proposes that one way to help a group liberate itself from dysfunctional conflict and defensive routine is through the introduction of generative metaphor. By intervening at a tacit, i...
Ca2+ Scraps: Local Depletions of Free [Ca2+] in Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum During Contractions Leave Substantial Ca2+ Reserve

Free [Ca2+] inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]SR) is difficult to measure yet critically important in controlling many cellular systems. In cardiac myocytes, [Ca2+]SR regulates cardiac contractility. We directly measure [Ca2+]SR in intact cardiac myocytes dynamically and quantitatively during beats, with high spatial resolution. Diastolic [Ca2+]SR (1 to 1.5 mmol/L) is only partially depleted (24% to 63%) during contraction. There is little temporal delay in the decline in [Ca2+]SR at release junctions and between junctions, indicating rapid internal diffusion. The incomplete local Ca2+ release shows that the inherently positive feedback of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release terminates, despite a large residual driving force. These findings place stringent novel constraints on how excitation-contraction coupling works in heart and also reveal a Ca2+ store reserve that could in principle be a therapeutic target to enhance cardiac function in heart failure.
Simulated Glomerular Pressure Modulates Mesangial Cell 72 kDa Metalloproteinase Activity

Glomerular hypertension has been considered to play an important role in the development of glomerulosclerosis. Mesangial expansion, a precursor of glomerulosclerosis, may be dependent not only on synthesis of matrix but also on degradation of the deposited matrix. In the present study we investigated the effect of simulated glomerular pressure on 72 kDa metalloproteinase activity (measured as degradation of gelatin) of mesangial cells. To simulate glomerular pressure conditions we have used an in vitro mechanical stretch/relaxation system as well as an alternative system which allowed direct application of pressure on mesangial cells. Mesangial cells were grown either under control (no added pressure), stretch/relaxation, or direct mean pressure of 45–50 mm Hg (physiologic glomerular pressure) conditions. Mesangial cells grown under stretch/relaxation showed a higher (P < 0.02) level of 72 kDa metalloproteinase activity when compared with control cells (control, 6.9 ± 0.8 vs. stretch, 9.9 ± 0.5 ng gelati...
Spectroscopic characteristics of Eu-doped aluminosilicate optical fiber preform

An optical fiber whose core is an aluminosilicate glass doped with Eu+2 and Eu+3 has been made using MC VD (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) and a novel aerosol delivery technique developed at Brown University. The UV- visible absorption of the preform has been studied in 200-700 nm range as well as the excitation and emission spectra between 250 and 720 nm. Three broad UV absorption bands with maxima at 255, 302 and 316 nm have been observed. The 302 nm band is attributed to the energy transfer from Eu+2 to Eu+3, while the 255 and 316 nm bands are correlated with the 4f7->4f65d1(t2g) and 4f7->4f65d1(eg) transition of Eu+2. For Eu+2 emission, a linear relation between excitation and maximum emission wavelength has been observed as the excitation wavelength increases beyond 375 nm.
A Phytochemical Investigation of the Fruit of Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider. I.

A phytochemical investigation of the fruit of Maclura pomifera (Rafinesque) Schneider has been undertaken. The collection and drying of the fresh fruit and the extraction of the dried fruit with various solvents is described. A preliminary report is given on the isolation of a new triterpene alcohol from the unsaponifiable matter of the petroleum ether extract of the dried fruit. Evidence is presented that Dglucose and D-fructose are present in the latex of the fresh fruit and in the cold absolute alcohol extract of the dried fruit. A pectic substance, which yielded mucic acid on oxidation with nitric acid, has been isolated from the one per cent aqueous hydrochloric acid extract. Evidence is presented that a pentosan, or some other hydrolyzable hemicellulose, is present in the five per cent aqueous sodium hydroxide extract.
Past and future: sex and gender in health research, the aging experience, and implications for musculoskeletal health.

The past 2 decades have witnessed widespread efforts among scientists, advocates, and health care providers of diverse disciplines and specialties to redefine what is meant by ‘‘women’s health.’’ These efforts have included clarifying the distinction between ‘‘sex’’ and ‘‘gender,’’ and developing an interdisciplinary approach to women’s health research and its implications for clinical practice. As a result, we now understand more about the interrelationships among genetic makeup, biologic aspects, socioeconomic factors, health care delivery, and personal lifestyle behaviors of individuals, and how these independently or together contribute to the health status of women and men across their lifespan. Through research, we have made progress in preventing premature death from many major life-threatening diseases. As the average life span increases, we have the further challenge of preserving physical and mental abilities into advanced age and sustaining a good quality of life. This is particularly an issue for women, given their greater life expectancy and increasing numbers in advanced age groups. Musculoskeletal health has a key role in quality of life at all ages. Understanding how musculoskeletal health contributes to wellness or disability in later life is essential to addressing the needs of our increasingly aging population. Understanding the differences and similarities between and among women and men in the causes and expression of musculoskeletal development and health is critical to tailoring health interventions appropriately to provide sexand gender-appropriate prevention strategies and the best quality of health care. Although recent efforts of advocates began with a focus on issues of women’s health, the need emerged to ensure that research addresses gaps in knowledge related to differences, or similarities, between health and disease processes in women and men and their implications for clinical practice, including diagnostics, therapeutic regimens, and preventive approaches.
Precision and Accuracy of the Ignition Method for Determining Asphalt Content: Florida Round-Robin Study

To implement the ignition method for both quality control and acceptance purposes in Florida, the State Materials Office of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) carried out a round-robin study to determine the precision and accuracy of this procedure for local conditions. Twelve materials laboratories, including both public and private sectors throughout Florida, participated in the investigation. Each of the 12 participant laboratories received a total of 36 hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture samples for asphalt content determination and gradation analysis. Samples were prepared in accordance with FDOT specifications with six different types of aggregate and one type of asphalt cement. Six laboratories used one ignition tester brand and the remainder used a tester from a different manufacturer. The testers, similar in nature, both include an internally mounted load cell and an automated system for data collection and processing. The interlaboratory test data were collected and analyzed at the FDOT State Materials Office. The round-robin test program is described and the accuracy and precision of the ignition method on materials commonly used in HMA construction in the state of Florida are discussed.