cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observing Anterior Crowding In a Population Living a Century Ago

Purpose: To observe the frequency of mandibular anterior crowding in a population who lived during the nineteenth century and compare the rate of occurrence in the current population, which is claimed to be two-thirds of adults experiencing crowding by early adulthood. Materials and Methods: The School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh possesses a collection of skulls of individual’s likely living in the northeast United States during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Of this skull collection, 29 skulls were evaluated for the presence of mandibular anterior crowding. Results: 55% of the evaluated mandibular anterior arches were positive for mandibular anterior crowding. 57% of the male specimens were positive for anterior crowding, while 50% of the females were recorded to have anterior crowding. These frequencies are lower than the one suggested for the current live population in the United States. Conclusion: From this sample of the population living a century ago, there was a lower prevalence of anterior crowding (55%) than the research suggested two-thirds of adults.
Free calcium and calmodulin levels in acinar carcinoma and normal acinar cells of rat pancreas.

Exposure of acinar carcinoma cells and normal acinar cells of rat pancreas to the muscarinic agonist drug carbamylcholine stimulated45Ca2+ outflux from45Ca2+-labeled cells. More rapid outflux of45Ca2+ was detected for carcinoma cells following muscarinic stimulation than for normal cells. Direct flurometric measurement of cytosolic Ca2+ under basal (unstimulated) conditions in quin 2-loaded cells revealed significantly lower concentration of free Ca2+ in carcinoma cells (≈180 nM) than in normal cells (≈200 nM). Stimulation with 1 mM carbamylcholine increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in carcinoma and normal cells to ≈ 1900 nM, after which carcinoma cells removed cytosolic Ca2+ at a faster rate to a post-stimulation plateau concentration of ≈140 nM, in comparison to normal cells which, obtained a poststimulation stimulation plateau concentration of ≈ 300 nM. Essentially identical differences between carcinoma and normal cells were detected upon stimulation with the peptidergic agonist cholecystokinin octapeptide. Finally, carcinoma cells demonstrated ≈ times greater calmodulin concentration than normal acinar cells. Also, the calmodulin antagonist drug W7 (N-6-(aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide) inhibited the carbamylcholine-induced release of intracellular Ca2+ in acinar carcinoma cells. These results indicate that neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells have retained mechanisms of muscarinic- and peptidergic-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ release, and implicate calmodulin as a regualatory in secretagogue activation of intracellular Ca2+ release. We propose that the more rapid decline of intracellular Ca2+ concentration following muscarinic or peptidergic stimulation and the increased intracellular calmodulin concentration indicate calmodulin-mediated down-regulation of free cytosolic Ca2+ in acinar carcinoma cells to levels lower than those of normal cells.
The why, what, and how of the new FACT standards for immune effector cells

Novel cellular therapies outside of traditional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) therapy are currently under evaluation in clinical trials across the United States and around the world. Several cellular products, e.g., CD19-directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, are poised for FDA approval and thus increased use at a wider range of academic centers within the next year, with the likelihood of dissemination to standard oncology practice once safety is confirmed. However, these therapies entail some unique challenges in terms of logistics of delivery and toxicity management. Building on experiences and Standards established for HPC programs, the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) has established new Standards specific to the use of Immune Effector Cells (IEC), including gene-modified T cells and natural (NK) cells. These Standards specify the clinical and quality infrastructure to facilitate safe administration of immune effector cells and formalize subsequent monitoring and reporting of patient outcomes to enable continual process improvement. Below we detail why these standards came into being, what they entail, and how a clinical team might access educational materials and implement these Standards. We propose that these Standards will be increasingly useful and relied up on as institutions and clinical service lines seek access to these treatment for their patients. FACT will begin accrediting programs that meet these new Standards for clinical administration of Immune Effector Cells in 2017.
Data Allocation of Large-Scale Key-Value Store System Using Kinetic Drives

Nowadays, NoSQL databases become more and more prevalent. As an important category of NoSQL databases, key-value store (KVS) is widely used in many Big Data applications by providing flexible and efficient performance. In a KVS, a key-value pair can be easily accessed by giving a key. Recently, a new Ethernet accessed disk drive called "Kinetic Drive" was developed by Seagate. This drive can be directly accessed by applications via IP addresses without going through a dedicated storage server. Given the keys from a user, Kinetic Drive can perform key-value pair operations by itself. It can reduce the management complexity, especially in large-scale deployment. Given a set of Kinetic Drives in a data center, it is important to manage the key-value pairs and store them in an organized way. In this paper, we investigate how to allocate data on a large-scale key-value store system using Kinetic Drives. We show the tradeoff among various design factors. We investigate key indexing schemes and allocate data on drives accordingly. We propose efficient approaches to migrate data among drives. We carry out performance evaluation that shows our approaches can handle various key distributions well.
Contemporary Models of Giftedness

One powerful method for understanding, identifying, and studying gifted individuals is through theory-based models that meet high standards. Contemporary models of giftedness have evolved, in part, because views of intelligence have become more complex. First, three recent views of intelligence that have shaped these models will be reviewed: three-stratum theory, multiple intelligences, and the triarchic theory of successful intelligence. Second, five additional components of several current models of giftedness will be discussed: sources of giftedness, social responsibility, creativity, gender, and the role of the environment. Examples of models exemplifying each component will be described and then analyzed in terms of whether they (a) are based on relevant assumptions and empirical findings, (b) are well specified, understandable, and falsifiable, (c) are economical, (d) provide practical guidance about identifying and fostering giftedness, (e) describe, explain, and predict gifted behavior over time and across situations, and (f) generate new research and applications that advance the field. Finally, conclusions will be drawn and recommendations will be offered.
Shades of Green: Modifying Sustainability Rating Systems for Transit Center Functionality:

Urban transit centers or hubs that expand walkability, increase transportation and neighborhood connectivity, and broaden infrastructure resilience are intrinsically sustainable. However, under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Neighborhood Development (LEED ND) rating system, the infrastructure requirements of this built typology can preclude it from achieving sustainability certification. LEED ND is the most established certification system for projects at the district scale that seek economic development without the depletion of natural, cultural, and social surroundings. In 2015, Los Angeles Union Station, in California, through its master plan, LAUSMP, became the first transit hub to pursue LEED ND certification. Using evidence from LAUSMP, this paper outlines the inherent advantages, existing barriers, and needed expansions to achieve compatibility between transit center design and LEED ND. This paper also suggests updated metrics for connectivity and walkability to recognize linkage...
Bringing Women to the Sports Pages: Margaret Goss and the 1920s

Abstract As a writer for the New York Herald Tribune in 1924 and 1925, Margaret Goss described herself as the first American female journalist to cover women's sports for a daily newspaper. She was also the first woman with a regularly appearing sports column. Titled “Women in Sport,” the column provided Goss a forum to champion female athletics at a time when society had not yet fully embraced athletic competition among women. Goss's columns, which often shared the same page as columns by the legendary Grantland Rice, proved that a woman could stand toe-to-toe with male writers in producing the kind of highly stylized writing demanded during the so-called “golden age” of sports journalism. Apart from that, Goss also developed her own unique voice, thus helping usher in a new style of writing that illuminated the personalities of sports heroes and helped to change the sports pages themselves. In the process, Goss challenged institutional practices and cultural norms that had steered female journalists awa...
Environmental Factors That Disrupt Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis

Leydig cells of the testis are responsible for the biosynthesis and secretion of androgens, critical for developmental and reproductive function in the male. Disruption of testosterone biosynthesis by environmental factors can cause sexual dysfunction, infertility, or sterility. The present review focuses on the toxicological effects of agricultural and industrial chemicals on Leydig cell steroidogenesis. An evaluation of the molecular targets of the reviewed chemicals identifies three major sites of action mediating their toxic effects on Leydig cell steroidogenesis. These are the luteinizing hormone-induced signal transduction pathway, cholesterol transport into mitochondria, and steroidogenic enzyme activity and/or expression.
An Approach to Compensate for Uncertainty in Knowledge of Inspector Error

The problem of coping with inspector error when the inspector error rate is unknown is addressed in this paper. Currently no methods to analyze this problem have appeared in the literature. The results of this research indicate that some plans are defin..
Video game development using XNA game studio and C#.Net

Numerous publications describe the inclusion of game development as a tool for teaching computer science topics [1, 2]. Such courses have included Computer Science I & II, semester or year courses in video game development and capstone courses. Other authors [3] describe interdisciplinary courses in game development that teach software development, project management and communication skills.
Calculating Alpha Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions with a Markov Transition Rate Matrix Monte Carlo Method

For a nuclear system in which the entire -eigenvalue spectrum is known, eigenfunction expansion yields the time-dependent flux response to any arbitrary source. Applications in which this response ...
Strategic partnerships between academic dental institutions and communities: Addressing disparities in oral health care

ABSTRACT Background A landmark report from the U.S. surgeon general identified disparities in oral health care as an urgent and high-priority problem. A parallel development in the dental education community is the growing consensus that significant curriculum reform is long overdue. Methods The authors performed a literature review and conducted a series of structured interviews with key institutional and community stakeholders from seven geographical regions of the United States. They investigated a wide range of partnerships between community-based dental clinics and academic dental institutions. Results On the basis of their interviews and literature review, the authors identified common themes and made recommendations to the dental community to improve access to care while enhancing the dental curriculum. Conclusions Reducing disparities in access to oral health care and the need for reform of the dental curriculum may be addressed, in part, by a common solution: strategic partnerships between academic dental institutions and communities. Practice Implications Organized dentistry and individual practitioners, along with other major stakeholders, can play a significant role in supporting reform of the dental curriculum and improving access to care.
Comparison of 6Li- and 7Li-induced fusion cross sections on 16O.

The heavy residues emitted following the interaction of /sup 6/Li and /sup 16/O have been measured for /sup 6/Li bombarding energies from 12 to 35 MeV. The gross characteristics of the residue spectra are in qualitative agreement with a fusion-evaporation mechanism. Beginning at Coulomb barrier energies, it is found that the total fusion cross section diverges from the total reaction cross section obtained from optical model fits to /sup 6/Li+ /sup 16/O elastic scattering data. The importance of the process which limits the /sup 6/Li+ /sup 16/O fusion cross section is attested to by the fact that only 60% of the total reaction strength can be accounted for by fusion at our highest bombarding energies. A comparison of the total fusion cross sections as a function of center-of-mass energy for the /sup 6/Li+ /sup 16/O and /sup 7/Li+ /sup 16/O entrance channels reveals essentially identical total fusion cross section excitation functions. This result contrasts sharply with the results obtained in an earlier study of /sup 6,7/Li-induced reactions on /sup 12,13/C nuclei. In the earlier study, fusion cross sections which were projectile dependent and target independent were observed. Finally, the critical angular momenta have been extracted from the /sup 6/Li+ /supmore » 16/O total fusion cross sections. When compared with the critical angular momenta obtained from an earlier study of the /sup 10/B+ /sup 12/C entrance channel, a common limitation is found with increasing /sup 22/Na excitation energy. This result is in sharp contrast with the result of an earlier study of entrance channels which form the /sup 23/Na compound nucleus, a compound system only one neutron removed from /sup 22/Na.« less
The Effect of Endothelial Cells on UVB-induced DNA Damage and Transformation of Keratinocytes In 3D Polycaprolactone Scaffold Co-culture System.

Nitric oxide ( NO · ) plays an important role in the regulation of redox balance in keratinocytes post-UVB exposure. Since endothelial cells releases NO · for a prolonged time post-UVB, we determined whether human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) could have an effect on UVB-induced DNA damage and transformation of their adjacent keratinocytes (HaCaT) using a 3D cell co-culturing system. Our data show that the levels of DNA breaks and/or cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) along with γH2AX are higher in the co-cultured than in the mono-cultured keratinocytes post-UVB. The NO · level in the co-cultured cells is increased approximately 3-fold more than in mono-cultured HaCaT cells within 1-hour post-UVB but then is reduced quickly in co-cultured HaCaT cells comparing to mono-cultured cells from 6 to 24 h post-UVB. However, the peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) level is higher in the co-cultured than in the mono-cultured HaCaT cells in whole period post-UVB. Furthermore, while expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is increased, the ratio of coupled/uncoupled eNOS is reduced in co-cultured HaCaT cells compared to mono-cultured HaCaT cells. Finally, the co-cultured cells have a significantly increased transformation efficiency after repeating UVB exposure compared to mono-culture HaCaT cells. Our results suggest that endothelial cells could enhance NO · /ONOO- imbalance and promote transformation of adjacent keratinocytes.
Preparation of Pt-containing bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts using continuous electroless deposition methods

Abstract Electroless deposition (ED) is a highly effective method for synthesis of bimetallic catalysts. However, limitations from ED bath stability often exist with this method using the conventional batch method of preparation. Continuous ED is a synthesis procedure in which the secondary metal salt and reducing agent are added separately at controlled rates such that the rates of electroless deposition and addition to the ED bath are similar. Thus, ED reagent concentrations do not accumulate to a level where spontaneous reduction of the secondary metal salt to nanoparticles occurs. Pt@Au/SiO2 and Pt@Cu/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts have been synthesized by controlled deposition of Cu2+ and AuCl4− salts on a 2% Pt/SiO2 to demonstrate the benefits of continuous deposition. Continuous ED has been extended to deposition of two metal salts onto a third supported metal surface to presumably form a bimetallic shell layer of uniform composition. A series of different Pd@Pt-Cu/C catalysts has been made by simultaneous deposition of Cu2+ and PtCl62- salts on carbon-supported Pd. The transformation of ED from a batch to continuous process has permitted greater control over the ED reaction and solved problems with bath instability of highly reducible metal salts. Formation of trimetallic catalysts is also very straightforward using continuous ED methods.
Maximum Feasible Participation and Paternalistic Culture of Poverty Approaches: Tensions in Commodified Poverty Reduction Curricula

ABSTRACTWhen the U.S. “War on Poverty” was declared in the 1960s, some legislation promoted “maximum feasible participation” by low-income people in solving the structural problem of poverty. More ...
Food in Ancient Judah: Domestic Cooking in the Time of the Hebrew Bible

The study of food in the Hebrew Bible and Syro-Palestinian archaeology has tended to focus on kosher dietary laws, the sacrificial system, and feasting in elite contexts. More everyday ritual and practice - the preparation of food in the home - has been overlooked. Food in Ancient Judah explores both the archaeological remains and ancient Near Eastern sources to see what they reveal about the domestic gastronomical daily life of ancient Judahites within the narratives of the Hebrew Bible. Beyond the findings, the methodology of the study is in itself innovative. Biblical passages that deal with domestic food preparation are translated and analysed. Archaeological findings and relevant secondary resources are then applied to inform these passages. Food in Ancient Judah reflects both the shift towards the study of everyday life in biblical studies and archaeology and the huge expansion of interest in food history - it will be of interest to scholars in all these fields.
Biotic and Abiotic Mechanisms of Manganese (II) Oxidation in Lake Erie

Manganese (Mn), an element sensitive to redox conditions in aquatic environments, plays a role in numerous biogeochemical cycles. Although the speciation of Mn in lakes largely tracks the availability of dissolved oxygen, direct oxidation of Mn by molecular oxygen occurs slowly and, instead, the majority of Mn oxidation occurs via biotic and abiotic mechanisms involving microbes, organic matter, light, reactive oxygen species, and mineral surfaces. While each of these mechanisms is either known or likely to occur in freshwater, the relative balance and interaction among these biogeochemical pathways in an intact plankton system remains uncertain. We investigated potential abiotic and biotic mechanisms contributing to Mn oxide formation in Lake Erie, which experiences seasonal hypoxia and accumulation of Mn during seasonal stratification. Overall, Mn oxidation rates were much higher in the shallow and highly productive western basin (up to 1.5 µmoles L-1 d-1) compared to the deeper and less productive central basin, where we observed very little Mn oxidation over seven days. Our experiments suggest that abiotic mechanisms involving mineral surfaces played a larger role than biotic mechanisms, particularly in the light where Mn oxidation was highest. Reactive oxygen species exhibited antagonistic roles: hydrogen peroxide acted as a net reductant for manganese oxides and completely masked oxidation of Mn by the superoxide free radical. These findings show that multiple mechanisms may exert control over the fate of Mn and suggest that Mn released from sediments during hypoxia can potentially remain dissolved in the water for an extended period of time. Since the severity of Lake Erie hypoxia has increased in recent years, and we are becoming increasingly aware of the health effects of Mn in drinking water sources, these findings should help inform efforts to predict when and where Mn will accumulate in the lake water.
Repression After Liberalization: Organizational Embeddedness and Protest Policing in a Hybrid Context

Hybrid non-democracies may repress their civil societies less than full authoritarian regimes, but we know little about the elite strategies guiding the use of state violence against protest groups in a hybrid context. This paper develops an event-level model of protest policing centering the role of social movement organizations (SMOs) in shaping elite threat perceptions and, hence, the likelihood that affiliated protest events will face repression. More than public protest per se, I argue that elites fear the rise of independent organizations capable of initiating and sustaining mobilization. In a hybrid context, SMOs will vary widely in their level of embeddedness with state institutions, ranging from anti-system groups to newer organizations that work collaboratively with the state to legacy civil society groups that served as corporatist brokers of mass representation prior to the onset of liberalizing reforms. Unable to control ex ante which groups become active in civil society, elites apply coercive sanctions to protests by less-embedded CSOs in order to channel mass participation towards friendlier groups. I illustrate these arguments with micro-level sub-national analysis of the Morocco Contentious Event Database (MCED), a unique dataset of protest events and coercive responses collected from local Arabic-language news sources over a ten-year period. Three nested analyses exploit different scales of comparison and contextualize these findings with a sociological account of civil society in Morocco.
Ready or Not? The Sequence of Nascent Entrepreneurs' Actions and External Financing

The set of actions undertaken by nascent entrepreneurs during an organization’s emergence is the basis for studying a wide variety of entrepreneurial phenomena, including outcomes such as organizat...
Echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: Impact of coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND In 2016, the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) released guidelines for identifying left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), but its ability to detect early hemodynamic abnormalities is not well established, especially in the setting of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesize that the accuracy of ASE categorization of early LVDD is affected by knowledge of whether CAD history is present. METHODS We studied 34 patients (age 62 ± 7 years) with NYHA class I to II symptoms and with transthoracic echocardiography without findings suggesting myocardial disease (all with preserved LV ejection fraction), who underwent cardiac catheterization with high-fidelity LV pressure measurement. Echocardiographic images were evaluated for LVDD using ASE algorithm without and with knowledge of CAD history and angiography findings. CAD was considered as having DD for the algorithm. RESULTS CAD was identified in 22 patients at catheterization (65%). Using ASE guidelines without including history of CAD or angiographic results, 29 patients were DD-, 3 were DD+ (all grade II), and 2 were indeterminate. Inclusion of CAD history recategorized 59% (n = 20) patients to DD+ (all grade I) from DD- (P < .0001). Nineteen of the recategorized patients (95%) had increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). The addition of echocardiographic IVRT improved discrimination between DD- and DD+, when the presence of CAD is unknown. CONCLUSIONS 2016-ASE algorithm reasonably accurately identifies early LVDD at rest as reflected by LV catheterization when CAD is disclosed, but without knowledge of the presence of CAD, it underdiagnoses DD+ grade I. The addition of IVRT may improve early LVDD diagnostics.
A Chemiresistive CO 2 Sensor Based on CNT-Functional Polymer Composite Films

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is commonly used in the ventilation control of buildings as a metric for indoor air quality (IAQ); however, few commercially available sensors exist that can reliably measure CO 2 while being low cost, exhibiting low power consumption, and being easily deployable for use in applications such as occupancy monitoring. This work presents an initial assessment of a chemiresistive CO 2 sensor that leverages a polymer blend of branched polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the CO 2 absorbing layer. Prototype sensors were assessed in a bench-top environmental test chamber at various ambient temperatures (22-26 °C), relative humidity levels (20-80%), and CO 2 concentrations (400-2,000 ppm), which are typical of indoor environments. The results show that with some further advancements, the proposed method could serve as an alternative to current commercially available CO 2 sensing technologies.
DNA adenine methylase, not the PstI restriction-modification system, regulates virulence gene expression in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

We previously reported a distinct methylome between the two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H28 strains linked to the 2010 U.S. lettuce-associated outbreak (RM13514) and the 2007 Belgium ice cream-associated outbreak (RM13516), respectively. This difference was thought to be attributed to a prophage encoded type II restriction-modification system (PstI R-M) in RM13514. Here, we characterized this PstI R-M system in comparison to DNA adenine methylase (Dam), a highly conserved enzyme in γ proteobacteria, by functional genomics. Deficiency in Dam led to a differential expression of over 1000 genes in RM13514, whereas deficiency in PstI R-M only impacted a few genes transcriptionally. Dam regulated genes involved in diverse functions, whereas PstI R-M regulated genes mostly encoding transporters and adhesins. Dam regulated a large number of genes located on prophages, pathogenicity islands, and plasmids, including Shiga toxin genes, type III secretion system (TTSS) genes, and enterohemolysin genes. Production of Stx2 in dam mutant was significantly higher than in RM13514, supporting a role of Dam in maintaining lysogeny of Stx2-prophage. However, following mitomycin C treatment, Stx2 in RM13514 was significantly higher than that of dam or PstI R-M deletion mutant, implying that both Dam and PstI R-M contributed to maximum Stx2 production.
From Agenda Setting to Refusal Setting: Survey Nonresponse as a Function of Media Coverage Across the 2004 Election Cycle

Past research suggests that there is a relationship between survey response and topic salience, namely that individuals responding to a survey are likely to find the survey topic more salient than nonrespondents do. For election surveys, nonresponse resulting from a lack of salience can influence findings because respondents may be more interested in politics than nonrespondents. The agenda-setting model suggests that media coverage should heighten salience. Thus, as media coverage of political campaigns increases over the course of an election, refusals to a political survey should decline. Using data from the National Annenberg Election Survey (NAES), which was conducted nearly continuously in 2004, this study investigates the issue of nonresponse in a random digit dial telephone survey across the election cycle by examining daily changes in the refusal rates using time-series analysis. Content analyses of the frequencies of presidential campaign stories mentioned in the New York Times and three network news broadcasts were matched against a time series from the NAES to demonstrate that increases in media coverage of the election were negatively related to the survey refusal rate.
Preoperative Serum Albumin Predicts Wound Dehiscence but Not Infection After Surgery for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose Inadequate nutrition is common in individuals diagnosed with cancer. The present study evaluated the association between preoperative albumin and postoperative complications in otherwise healthy patients presenting with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity primarily managed with ablative surgery. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma from 2005 to 2019 was performed. Patients referred to and managed by a single surgeon (ERC) and who had not received any nutritional support in the preoperative period were included in the study. The primary predictor variable was preoperative albumin level. Other studied variables were patient demographic data and TNM stage. Complications related to primary ablative surgery represented the primary outcome variable. χ2 analysis was completed to assess for significant associations between independent albumin groups (4+, 3.5 to 3.9, and 3.0 to 3.4 g/dL) in relation to postoperative complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was completed to control for clinical variables and medical comorbidities when testing the association between albumin and dehiscence. Results The patient cohort included 268 individuals; of whom, 154 were men. The average age of the patients at surgery was 63 years. When controlling for all other variables, albumin was the only statistically significant predictor of postoperative dehiscence, P = .005. Patients with albumin of 3.5 to 3.9 g/dL had 3.24 times higher odds of dehiscence (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 7.38) in comparison with participants in the 4+ g/dL group. There was no difference of odds between the 3.0 to 3.4 group and the 4+ reference group. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that among those individuals meeting the inclusion criteria, there is a statistically significant association between lower albumin levels and postoperative complication rates, specifically dehiscence.
Dual language bilingual education. Teacher cases and perspectives on large-scale implementation, by K. I. Henderson and D. K. Palmer: Bristol, UK, Multilingual Matters, 2020, 139 pp., $31.45 (paperback), $117.66 (Hardback), $25.00 (E-book), ISBN 9781788928083.[1]

In Dual language bilingual education. Teacher cases and perspectives on large-scale implementation, researchers Kathryn Henderson and Deborah Palmer offer educators, language policy as well as lang...
Building a Strong Foundation: Fundraising for Nonprofits: by Richard L. Edwards, 2nd Ed, Washington, DC, NASW Press, 2020, 224 pp., $40 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0871015563

However, this 2020 text still focuses on old-school, tried-and-true fundraising rather than the cutting edge of digital and virtual fundraising methods. If you are slated to teach a course dedicated to fundraising, you have an assortment of potential textbooks to choose from. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Journal of Teaching in Social Work is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
On Dynamic Re-Specifications of Kiyotaki-Wright Model

This paper examines the well-known Kiyotaki-Wright model for its dynamic specification. Because the authors are silent on the exact dynamic structure of their model, and on their model’s behavior off the equilibrium states, the model dynamics can be introduced in several ways. One such interpretation focuses on the fact that the number of money traders on and off equilibria is fixed exogenously. One of our modifications introduces a possibility for the number of money traders also to evolve with time.
NEPA Review of Offshore Wind Farms: Ensuring Emission Reduction Benefits Outweigh Visual Impacts

Wind power may greatly reduce overall emISSIOns of air pollutants from fossil fuel plants. Benefits could range from fewer premature deaths to reduced global warming, and cover the gamut of goals that the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) articulates. Previous NEPA reviews of wind projects, however, have focused on local aesthetic objections and given only cursory treatment to emission reductions. This imbalance threatens to frustrate, rather than furthel~ NEPA's goals. Beginning with the offshore wind farm proposed near Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reviewers must accord the prominence and depth of treatment to emission offset benefits that NEPA requires. Local aesthetic preferences must not be permitted to overshadow broad regional benefits. To turn, turn, will be our delight, 'Til by turning, turning, we come round right. -Shaker Song, Simple Gifts I
Development of coliphage T5: ultrastructural and biochemical studies.

Abstract Electron microscopic studies of Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T5+ have revealed that host nuclear material disappeared before 9 min after infection. This disappearance seemed to correspond to the breakdown of host deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into acid-soluble fragments. Little or no host DNA thymidine was reincorporated into phage DNA, except in the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR). Progeny virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm 20 min postinfection. Most of these particles were in the form of hexagonal-shaped heads or capsids, which were filled with electron-dense material (presumably T5 DNA). A small percentage (3 to 4%) of the phage heads appeared empty. On rare occasions, crystalline arrays of empty heads were observed. Nalidixic acid, hydroxyurea, and FUdR substantially inhibited replication of T5 DNA. However, these agents did not prevent virus-induced degradation of E. coli DNA. Most of the phage-specified structures seen in T5+-infected cells treated with FUdR or with nalidixic were in the form of empty capsids. Infected cells treated with hydroxyurea did not contain empty capsids. When E. coli F was infected with the DO mutant T5 amH18a (restrictive conditions), there was a small amount of DNA synthesis. Such cells contained only empty capsids, but their numbers were few in comparison to those in cells infected under permissive conditions or infected with T5+. The cells also failed to lyse. These results confirm other reports which suggest that DNA replication is not required for the synthesis of late proteins. The data also indicate that DNA replication influences the quantity of viral structures being produced.
The Development of the Cornea in the Chick

The present study was undertaken in order to ascertain the miscroscopical appearance of the cornea of the chick at each developmental stage of the whole embryo. The early development of the cornea, namely that up to stage 25, has been included in an account of the eye as a whole (O9Rahilly & Meyer, 1959) and the present paper is a continuation of the study up to the time of hatching. For purposes of comparison, the cornea of the adult has also been examined. Existing accounts of the embryonic development of the eye have been rendered inadequate by recent refinements in the staging of mammalian and avian embryos. The system of stages devised by Hamburger & Hamilton (1951) has been employed in the present investigation. This classification, which is not based on chronological age, was made to depend on external morphological appearances only.
Mesoscale thermodynamic influences on convection initiation near a surface dryline in a convection-permitting ensemble

AbstractIn this study, the authors examine initiation of severe convection along a daytime surface dryline in a 10-member ensemble of convection-permitting simulations. Results indicate that the minimum buoyancy Bmin of PBL air parcels must be small (Bmin > −0.5°C) for successful deep convection initiation (CI) to occur along the dryline. Comparing different ensemble members reveals that CAPE magnitudes (allowing for entrainment) and the width of the zone of negligible Bmin extending eastward from the dryline act together to influence CI. Since PBL updrafts that initiate along the dryline move rapidly northeast in the vertically sheared flow as they grow into the free troposphere, a wider zone of negligible Bmin helps ensure adequate time for incipient storms to mature, which, itself, is hastened by larger CAPE.Local Bmin budget calculations and trajectory analysis are used to quantify physical processes responsible for the reduction of negative buoyancy prior to CI. Here, the grid-resolved forcing and fo...
Post interventional cardiology urinary thromboxane correlates with PlateletMapping detected aspirin resistance.

Introduction We have previously defined aspirin resistance detected by TEG PlateletMapping using arachidonic acid (AA). This aspirin resistance is observed as platelet activation (> 20%) by AA in whole blood, even though the isolated platelets are inhibited by aspirin. This platelet activation in whole blood is due to a transcellular pathway mediated by platelets and leukocytes. Methods To determine if this PlateletMapping assay of aspirin resistance on pre-procedure blood samples correlated with an in vivo response we assayed the first voided urine samples collected 2-8 hours post interventional cardiology procedures for 11-dehydro thromboxane B2. Results and Conclusions We detected 27 aspirin resistant patients out of a total of 81 (33%), in agreement with our previous study. All of these patients were on aspirin therapy, confirmed by a < 20% aggregation response to AA by light transmission platelet aggregometry using isolated platelet rich plasma. Aspirin resistant patients urine samples (14 out of a total of 60 patients analyzed) contained significantly (P = 0.008) higher 11-dehydro thromboxane B2 levels than the other 46 aspirin sensitive patients urine samples. Since our previous study implicated 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in this pathway, we also assayed for polymorphisms to determine any correlation with aspirin resistance. A correlation was found in a polymorphism affecting the lipoxygenase domain of platelet 12-lipoxygenase. This result indicates that aspirin resistance detected in whole blood by the TEG PlateletMapping assay correlates with a physiological consequence in terms of thromboxane formation. This is the first report of such a correlation.
Operational codes, institutional learning and the optimistic model of post-Communist social change: Conceptual criticism and empirical challenges from a Romanian case study

Abstract This paper discusses the conceptual model behind the widespread belief that in post Communist societies, once the democratic and market institutions are introduced, the emerging values and beliefs engendered by those very institutions will create the conditions for the consolidation and reproduction of democracy and market economy. The model is subjected to a double assessment: a critical theoretical review followed by an empirical test conducted through a case study. Both raise questions regarding the realism of the model and show that the direct relationship between institutional structures, institutional learning and the emerging values and beliefs (defined in this study as ‘operational codes’), a key relationship on which the model is based, is difficult to establish and substantiate. The paper concludes by pointing out the necessity to further elaborate the initial model in order to accommodate problems such as the emergence of institutional rigidities and learning blockages, and the emergence of dysfunctional values (values and beliefs that do not support and reproduce but undermine the institutional structures that shaped them initially), and to incorporate a theory of institutional change in which the evolution and change of beliefs, ideas and values play a much more preeminent place.
The physics and neurobiology of magnetoreception

Diverse animals can detect magnetic fields but little is known about how they do so. Three main hypotheses of magnetic field perception have been proposed. Electrosensitive marine fish might detect the Earth's field through electromagnetic induction, but direct evidence that induction underlies magnetoreception in such fish has not been obtained. Studies in other animals have provided evidence that is consistent with two other mechanisms: biogenic magnetite and chemical reactions that are modulated by weak magnetic fields. Despite recent advances, however, magnetoreceptors have not been identified with certainty in any animal, and the mode of transduction for the magnetic sense remains unknown.
Fundamental Performance Limits in Cross-Layer Wireless Optimization: Throughput, Delay, and Energy

Fundamental Performance Limits in Cross-layer Wireless Optimization: Throughput, Delay, and Energy
Boron nitride - Composition, optical properties, and mechanical behavior

A low energy ion beam deposition technique was used to grow boron nitride films on quartz, germanium, silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide. The film structure was amorphous with evidence of a hexagonal phase. The peak boron concentration was 82 at %. The carbon and oxygen Impurities were in the 5 to 8 at % range. Boron-nitrogen and boron-boron bonds were revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The index of refraction varied from 1.65 to 1.67 for films deposited on the III–V compound semiconductors. The coefficient of friction for boron nitride in sliding contact with diamond was less than 0.1. The substrate was silicon.
Older adult falls at a metropolitan airport: 2009-2010.

Abstract Introduction We investigated falls at a metropolitan airport to determine fall incidence, identify potential causes of these falls, and suggest opportunities for mitigation. Methods We used deidentified incident reports of all falls requiring EMS response that occurred at the airport during 2009 and 2010. Results On average, one fall occurred every 2.3 days. Ninety-six percent (96%) of falls occurred in terminals. Of all falls, 44% occurred on escalators, making escalators the most common location. Seventy-two percent (72%) of fallers were females; 43% were ≥ 65 years; 92% of all falls resulted in a documented injury; 37% of falls resulted in transport to hospital emergency departments. Escalator fall risks include carrying bags (due to changes in baggage fees), using cells phones, not using handrails, and compromised strength and balance. Conclusions and Impact Diverting at-risk passengers to elevators could significantly reduce the overall falls. Interventions targeting escalator falls have the greatest promise for reducing falls at this airport.
The Effect of Mismatched Components on Microwave Noise-Temperature Calibrations

A technique is presented for analyzing the effect of mismatched components on the absolute noise-temperature calibrations of principal noise sources in a microwave receiving system. Scattering parameters are used to describe the properties of the microwave network that is connected between noise source and receiver. The calibration method discussed is the Y-factor power-ratio measurement technique involving the use of two thermal noise reference standards. Calculations made for an operational low-noise antenna receiving system indicate that, even when components have reasonably low-voltage reflection coefficients (typically less than 0.05), peak errors due to mismatches could be as high as 70 percent and 11 percent on measured antenna and effective input noise-temperature values, respectively. For the special case where the reflected and direct wave receiver noise sources are fully correlated, the peak errors can be even larger.
The Waiter Spit in My Soup! Antecedents of Customer-Directed Counterproductive Work Behavior

Although researchers have explored organizational and insider targets of counterproductive work behavior (CWB), no studies to date have examined customers as targets. The current study aimed to test a model of antecedents to CWB unique to service worker experiences, including customer stressors, emotional dissonance, and emotional exhaustion. We tested our model with 438 restaurant and bar employees. Results demonstrated that customer stressors were more strongly correlated with customer-directed CWB than with interpersonal or organizational CWB, and customer stressors had direct and indirect effects on customer-directed CWB through experiences of emotional dissonance and exhaustion.
Somatic symptoms in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of somatic symptoms (SSs) in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders; the relationship between SSs and anxiety severity, impairment, and child global functioning; and the impact of fluvoxamine (FLV) versus pill placebo (PBO) on reducing SSs. Method As part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 128 children (mean age, 10.8 years; range, 6-17) with DSM-IV anxiety disorders (i.e., social, separation, and generalized anxiety) were assessed by expert clinicians on 16 SSs using the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Results The most common SSs at baseline were restlessness (74%), stomachaches (70%), blushing (51%), palpitations (48%), muscle tension (45%), sweating (45%), and trembling/shaking (43%). Older children (age 12 and older) reported more SSs than younger children, boys and girls reported similar numbers of SSs, and SSs were higher among children with than without generalized anxiety disorder. SSs were significantly and positively correlated with anxiety severity, impairment, and global functioning. Pre-/postreductions in SSs were statistically significant in both PBO and FLV conditions; however, FLV was superior to PBO in reducing SSs. Conclusions SSs are highly prevalent among children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and are associated with greater anxiety severity and impairment. Treatment with FLV was effective in reducing rather than increasing SSs. The high rates of SSs in youths with each of the three anxiety disorders suggest a re-evaluation of SSs in the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for the most common anxiety disorders among children and adolescents.