cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Lying Levels of 236U from Investigation of the Kπ = 4− Two-Quasineutron Isomer in (n,γ) and (n,e) Experiments

Decay of the Kπ = 4− isomer in 236U been reinvestigated in (n,γ) and (n,e) experiments using an inner-shell-vacancy detector in a thermal neutron beam. The results generally confirm the previously proposed decay scheme and support a K,Jπ = 0,1− assignment for the 687-keV level, in agreement with reaction data but in conflict with a 2,2− assignment by others based on conversion coefficient data. The conflict is resolved by re-interpreting the latter as cases of “anomalous” conversion due to penetration effects; the anomaly factors are very large but fit systematic trends.
Revolutionizing cardiology and health care: a shared purpose makes all the difference.

![Figure][1] I am a self-proclaimed business and management philosophy junkie. My shelves are full of books on achieving flawless execution, innovative strategies for modern business, and examples of empowered organizations. These rich sources of case studies and real-life examples are
An Affront to Our Shared Humanity: The 112th Congress' Failure to Enact Senate Bill 1925

One in three American Indian women is raped or is a victim of attempted rape. American Indian women experience domestic violence at twice the rate of other women in the United States. At some places in the United States, American Indian women face domestic violence at twelve times the rate of other American women. President Barack Obama referred to the extreme level of domestic violence facing American Indian women as "an affront to our shared humanity." In reaction to this startling and horrific reality, the United States Senate passed Senate Bill 1925, which would have extended the protections of the Violence Against Women Act to aid American Indian women in Indian country. However, on January 1, 2013, the United States House of Representatives let Senate Bill 1925 lapse without bringing the Bill for a vote in the House. As a result, American Indian women must continue to endure a harsh reality where many face domestic violence on a daily basis.Two questions may arise from an examination of the atrocity of domestic violence against women and the House’s failure to vote on Senate Bill 1925. First, why is it that American Indian women face higher rates of domestic violence than their non-Native counterparts? And, second, why did Senate Bill 1925 and the protections it offered American Indian women prove controversial and ultimately fail? This article addresses both of these questions.
Mentor’s Introduction for Kevin Slivka

In the act of researching, what does it mean to be in relation with those whom one is intending to research? What are the ethics in relation to field practices regarding Native cultures? How, and though what means, do spaces of communication open? And, important to the field of art education, how does art function as a living practice in relation to culture, ethics, and communication? These are but some of the questions that Kevin Slivka has attempted to ask and pursue in his doctoral research, on which his current essay is based. Building on his Great Lakes field experience in Minnesota with Bruce Martin of the University of Minnesota, he conducted an ethnographically informed study of five Ojibwe artists from the Leech Lake, White Earth, and Mille Lacs Reservations. Kevin examines issues such as cultural identity, ecology, place, materiality and innovation pertaining to Ojibwean artistic practices, a holistic and relational examination of art education. In addition to studying the relational aspects such as the one between art and local ecology, Kevin has also attended to the relational aspects between participant and researcher, what he refers to as critical proximity and Nel Nodding’s (1998) concept of an ethics of care in an effort to remain sensitive to practices pertaining to indigenous research. Indeed, a large part of his dissertation deals directly with notions of reciprocity, communication, and ethics in relation to fieldwork. With his study, Kevin seeks to offer alternative accounts of American Indian ways of life as they are constructed through, and with, artistic cultural practices.
What drives customers to use retailers’ Facebook pages? Predicting consumers’ motivations and continuance usage intention

AbstractThe emergence of social networking sites (SNSs) has changed business–consumer communication and become one of the major marketing tools in current retailing, including fashion retailing. Implementing SNSs in their businesses is no longer an option for retailers but a requirement. This study examined factors related to cognitive, social integrative, and hedonic benefits influencing consumers’ extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, which in turn predict their intent to continue to use retailers’ Facebook pages. Using a web-based survey and college students as a sample, this study collected 404 usable responses. This study revealed that information quality and sense of community influenced perceived usefulness and enjoyment. Vividness of information and entertainment affected only perceived enjoyment while interactivity influenced only perceived usefulness. The antecedents of consumer’s motivations indirectly influenced intent to continue to use retailers’ Facebook pages via perceived usefulness and/or...
Framing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at the U.N.

Domestic social justice advocates understand that economic, social, and cultural rights are inextricable from civil and political rights. Thus, the United States’ failure to ratify core international human rights treaties addressing economic, social, and cultural (ESC) rights has not prevented advocates from engaging the United Nations’ human rights system to frame and promote ESC issues within the United States. Indeed, advocates engage the reporting and review mechanisms for the civil and political rights treaties that the United States has ratified,as well as the more far-reaching U.N. Charter-based mechanisms, to address a broad array of ESC rights concerns. By raising ESC-related issues through the anti-discrimination and equality provisions of ratified treaties and by directly invoking ESC protections through the U.N. Charter-based bodies, advocates illuminate the interrelated nature of rights and raise, on the international stage, domestic human rights concerns related to housing, education, healthcare, and income security, among others.This essay explores these two U.N.-based advocacy strategies to analyze their impact on framing and promoting ESC rights domestically. Part II examines the strategy whereby advocates leverage the broad definition of discrimination recognized by human rights treaties focusing primarily on civil and political rights to highlight the interrelated nature of rights and address ESC concerns in the United States. Part III examines advocates’ use of U.N. Charter-based mechanisms, particularly the Universal Periodic Review and U.N. Special Procedures, to address ESC-related concerns more directly. Part IV considers the impact and effectiveness of these strategies, recognizing their success and limitations and offering suggestions to deepen their positive effect on promoting ESC rights in the United States.
Nonadiabatic dynamics of photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer in a solvated phenol-amine complex.

Photoinduced concerted electron-proton transfer (EPT), denoted photo-EPT, is important for a wide range of energy conversion processes. Transient absorption and Raman spectroscopy experiments on the hydrogen-bonded p-nitrophenylphenol–t-butylamine complex, solvated in 1,2-dichloroethane, suggested that this complex may undergo photo-EPT. The experiments probed two excited electronic states that were interpreted as an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state and an EPT state. Herein mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical nonadiabatic surface hopping dynamics is used to investigate the relaxation pathways following photoexcitation. The potential energy surface is generated on the fly with a semiempirical floating occupation molecular orbital complete active space configuration interaction method for the solute molecule and a molecular mechanical force field for the explicit solvent molecules. The free energy curves along the proton transfer coordinate illustrate that proton transfer is thermodynami...
Effects of Ligand Electronegativity on Recoupled Pair Bonds with Application to Sulfurane Precursors

Recoupled pair bonds (RPBs) are conditional bonds—they only form for selected central atoms and ligands. A complete theoretical description of RPBs requires an understanding of the properties of the central atom and ligands that enable such bonds to be formed. In this work, we show that ligand electronegativity is positively correlated with recoupled pair bond strength for a variety of ligands interacting with the 3p2 pair of sulfur. We also describe substituent (X) effects on the SF(a4Σ–) state by investigating X2SF species. These effects generally mirror those observed for covalently bound analogues, but we found that recoupled pair bonding can lead to breakdowns in the expected relationships among bond length, strength, and force constant for some of these species. Finally, we compare the properties of two molecules of practical interest that are bound by recoupled pair bonds: the dimethyl sulfur fluoride and hydroxide radicals (DMS–F and DMS–OH).
Optical Phonons inKCl1−xBrxandK1−xRbxIMixed Crystals

The infrared lattice-vibrational spectra of mixed crystals of $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{I}$ have been observed at temperatures down to 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results were obtained from thin-film transmission measurements and Kramers-Kronig analyses of reflection data. A classical oscillator model was used to fit the reflectivity curves for the pure end members. The $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}$ system shows the normal "one-mode" behavior. Two infrared-active phonons occur in the ${\mathrm{K}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{I}$ system, and this is the first observation of this type of behavior in an alkali halide mixed crystal. The applicability of several theoretical models is discussed, and the various criteria for one- and two-mode behavior are evaluated.
Structure and function of pre-mRNA 5'-end capping quality control and 3'-end processing.

Messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) are produced as the nascent transcripts of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in eukaryotes and must undergo extensive maturational processing, including 5′-end capping, splicing, and 3′-end cleavage and polyadenylation. This review will summarize the structural and functional information reported over the past few years on the large machinery required for the 3′-end processing of most pre-mRNAs, as well as the distinct machinery for the 3′-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs, which have provided great insights into the proteins and their subcomplexes in these machineries. Structural and biochemical studies have also led to the identification of a new class of enzymes (the DXO family enzymes) with activity toward intermediates of the 5′-end capping pathway. Functional studies demonstrate that these enzymes are part of a novel quality surveillance mechanism for pre-mRNA 5′-end capping. Incompletely capped pre-mRNAs are produced in yeast and human cells, in...
What we learned about the role of antenatal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy

Based on the convincing case control study of Nelson and Grether which suggested that the administration of magnesium sulfate to mothers prior to early preterm birth might protect their offspring from cerebral palsy, and a pilot study by John Hauth et al. at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, with co-funding from the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke embarked on the Beneficial Effects of Antenatal Magnesium (BEAM) Trial in 1997.
Software instruction caching

As microprocessor complexities and costs skyrocket, designers are looking for ways to simplify their designs to reduce costs, improve energy efficiency, or squeeze more computational elements on each chip. This is particularly true for the embedded domain where cost and energy consumption are paramount. Software instruction caches have the potential to provide the required performance while using simpler, more efficient hardware. A software cache consists of a simple array memory (such as a scratchpad) and a software system that is capable of automatically managing that memory as a cache. Software caches have several advantages over traditional hardware caches. Without complex cache-management logic, the processor hardware is cheaper and easier to design, verify and manufacture. The reduced access energy of simple memories can result in a net energy savings if management overhead is kept low. Software caches can also be customized to each individual program's needs, improving performance or eliminating unpredictable timing for real-time embedded applications. The greatest challenge for a software cache is providing good performance using general-purpose instructions for cache management rather than specially-designed hardware. This thesis designs and implements a working system (Flexicache ) on an actual embedded processor and uses it to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of software instruction caches. Although both data and instruction caches can be implemented in software, very different techniques are used to optimize performance; this work focuses exclusively on software instruction caches. The Flexicache system consists of two software components: a static off-line preprocessor to add caching to an application and a dynamic runtime system to manage memory during execution. Key interfaces and optimizations are identified and characterized. The system is evaluated in detail from the standpoints of both performance and energy consumption. The results indicate that software instruction caches can perform comparably to hardware caches in embedded processors. On most benchmarks, the overhead relative to a hardware cache is less than 12% and can be as low as 2.4%. At the same time, the software cache uses up to 6% less energy. This is achieved using a simple, directly-addressed memory and without requiring any complex, specialized hardware structures. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease with ultraviolet irradiation and psoralen (PUVA)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a difficult clinical problem to treat and manage. We have reviewed our treatment of 40 patients treated at a single institution with PUVA (ultraviolet irradiation and psoralen) over a 14 year period. Thirty-five patients were treated for refractory chronic GVHD and five patients were treated at presentation of high-risk chronic GVHD. Overall, 31 of 40 patients improved on PUVA treatment. Sixteen patients achieved a complete response to PUVA added to their GVHD regimen. Four of the 15 partial responders had complete resolution of cutaneous GVHD but persistence of other systemic manifestations. The remaining partial responders had at least a 50% improvement in GVHD. We have also used PUVA with a glass fiber extension to treat intra-oral GVHD. PUVA is well tolerated with a high rate of response in the skin and mild side effects except for three patients who had therapy discontinued after phototoxicity (burn).
Further Simplifications for Coagulum Pyelolithotomy

AbstractHerein we offer simplifications in the preparation of the coagulum and in the surgical procedure for coagulum pyelolithotomy.
Mycorrhizal Fungi, Evolution and Diversification of

Mycorrhizal fungi account for about 10% of identified fungal species, including essentially all of the Glomeromycota and substantial fractions of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Several distinct types of mycorrhizal associations exist, including arbuscular, ericoid, orchid and ectomycorrhiza. Although arbuscular mycorrhiza evolved first, ectomycorrhizal and orchid mycorrhizal fungi are the most speciose types, and each of these types arose from multiple independent evolutionary events, followed by convergent evolution. Coevolution between mycorrhizal fungi and plants has played a key role in fungal diversification, but fungal diversification generally has not paralleled plant diversification, and relatively few fungi show strict host specificity.
Practical Considerations for Sustainability: “On the Other Hand”1

In a recent Washington Post article, William M. Kirwin and Gerald Turner (Chancellor of the University System of Maryland and President of Southern Methodist University, respectively) claim without equivocation that the present business model in the 120 universities that comprise the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) is unsustainable. Writing on behalf of the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics, both advocate that data and common sense should drive institutional leaders toward immediate reform.
Opportunities for Standard Silicon Technology in RF&Microwave Applications

Various components for the integration of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC's) in a 0.8 ?m-BiCMOS silicon technology, such as high-Q spiral inductors and capacitors, broad-band transformers, and varactor diodes are presented and discussed. Inductor Q's of close to 10 at 2 nH inductance have been achieved by shunting multiple interconnect levels together, by sufficient spacing of the inductor structure from the substrate, and by using high substrate resistivity.
A Balanced Approach to Building STEM College and Career Readiness in High School: Combining STEM Intervention and Enrichment Programs.

Often STEM schools and STEM enrichment programs attract primarily high achieving students or those with strong motivation or interest. However, to ensure that more students pursue interest in STEM, steps must be taken to provide access for all students. For a balanced and integrated career development focus, schools must provide learning opportunities that are appropriate for all students. This paper outlines two approaches to the creation of a comprehensive STEM College and Career development pathway in high schools.
Teratoma sacrococcígeo fetal gigante complicado con un cuadro de ruptura prematura de membranas y preeclampsia materna

A 22-year-old patient, having 29 weeks’ gestation, was referred to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) after presenting generalized oedema and high blood pressure. The patient was known to carry a foetus with a sacrococcygeal mass and polyhydramnios. A mirror syndrome affecting the mother and cardiac failure in the foetus was initially suspected. Despite some findings indicating poor prognosis for this foetus (i.e. diagnosis in the second trimester, a large rapid growing mass, polyhydramnios, maternal hypertensive disorder and preterm delivery), the neonatal outcome was good and early corrective surgery was performed on the second day of life.
Preterm respiratory disease in the modern era: the value of cohort studies.

Since bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described in 1967, the respiratory phenotype of the preterm infant has evolved.1 Over the past several decades, the management approach to treating these immature lungs, often in the saccular phase of development, has advanced leading to the survival of preterm infants born as early as 23–24 weeks gestational age. In the postsurfactant era, our understanding of the physiologic and structural pathogenesis of the respiratory system of these very low gestational age infants is poorly understood. In this issue of Thorax , two Australian research teams delineate phenotypic features of the respiratory system in school age children and adolescents born prematurely. Simpson et al 2 present a case-control study evaluating a broad spectrum of lung function and imaging measures in former preterm (≤32 weeks gestation) school age (9–11-year-old) children born between 1997 and 2003. Doyle et al 3 present a prospective cohort study of lung function measures at school age (8 years) and again in late adolescence (18 years) in former premature children (≤28 weeks gestation and/or <1000 g birth weight) born between 1991 and 1992. Both preterm populations consisted of children with and without the diagnosis of BPD. Prior investigators detail lung function impairment in school age, adolescent and adult individuals born prematurely.4 ,5 Unlike the two reports in this issue of Thorax , few prior studies evaluated participants born in the so-called postsurfactant or ‘new BPD’ era. Other confounding variables in prior studies include inconsistent definitions and application of the BPD diagnosis, as well as lack of uniform lung function reference values that span across all ages.6 Both Australian groups defined BPD based on …
Discovery of Resistance Pathways to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibition in Bladder Cancer

Background: Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling drives the growth of many bladder cancers. NVP-BGJ398 is a small molecule with potent inhibitory activity of FGFRs 1, 2, and 3, and has been shown to selectively inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cell lines that over-express FGFR3 or have oncogenic FGFR3 fusions. As with many agents targeting receptor tyrosine kinases, resistance is known to develop. Objective: We sought to identify potential mechanisms of resistance to NVP-BGJ398 in cell culture models of bladder cancer. Methods: RT-112 bladder cancer cell lines were derived that were resistant to growth in 3uM NVP-BGJ398. RNA-sequencing was performed on resistant and parental cell lines to identify potential resistance mechanisms and molecular experiments were carried out to test these predictions. Results: RNA-seq demonstrated decreased expression of FGFR3 and increased expression of FGFRs 1 and 2 in resistant cell lines. Over-expression of FGFR3 in NVP-BGJ398 resistant cells decreased their proliferation. Pathway analysis of RNA-seq data also implicated PIM kinase signaling, among other pathways, as a potential mediator of resistance. Treatment of BGJ398 resistant cells with the PIM kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 reduced the growth of the cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that altered FGFR expression and PIM kinase activity could mediate resistance to NVP-BGJ398. These pathways should be investigated in samples from patients resistant to this drug.
History of Philosophy as a Problem: Our Case

I claim in this chapter that although African philosophers have done a good and commendable job in their practice of the discipline, there is still a shortfall in the production of a tradition of philosophy that is self-sustaining as a dialogue among African philosophers themselves as suggested by Kwasi Wiredu and shown by Shaaban bin Robert. I argue that although African philosophers do not have to write in their vernaculars like Shaaban does in Kiswahili, the growth of debates among themselves on issues that resonate with regional and continental histories, experiences and issues would gradually give a sense of identity to African philosophical thought as relevant to place and times in the history of the peoples of the continent in their thoughts and practices of life. Wiredu has suggested that such philosophical tradition indigenous to Africa does not have to ignore broader philosophical problems even if they come from elsewhere as African philosophers engage other traditions, but translating the problems into local issues will help to build bridges to connect African people into dialogue with other traditions across the globe. Shaaban bin Robert, the Swahili poet and philosopher from Tanganyika (today’s Tanzania) has shown in some of his writings that local issues are not shielded from universal problems of thought either, so long as thinkers do not ignore the fact that good thinking takes place in universal terms or language. Applying these principles of thought is likely to save philosophy from being perceived primarily as a monological tool for self-preservation and justification of past deeds. Building a corpus of thought that is African in its historical and subject orientation requires a true dialogue amongst all its practitioners.
Building Order: Unified Cityscapes and Elite Collaboration in Roman Asia Minor

In mid-imperial (late first to mid-third century) Asia Minor, visually unified cityscapes played a critical role in the strategies local elites used to bolster their corporate authority. The construction of formalized public spaces facilitated the display of wealth and status in the traditionally isonomic world of civic politics. The rhetorical practice of describing cities as physical and socio-cultural unities demonstrated a community9s – and especially its leading citizens9 – possession of qualities instrumental in competition with local rivals. As presented in the context of public ritual, finally, harmonious urban landscapes were used to convince travelling imperial officials that cities and their elites conformed to Roman expectations.
Shoulder and elbow injuries in soccer goalkeepers versus field players in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014.

Objectives: Examination of the incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries in the collegiate soccer player population is limited, as is comparison between goalkeepers and field players. We hypothesize...
Millennial managers: exploring the next generation of talent.

While considerable scholarly attention has been given to “millennials” (those born between 1981 and 1997), little is known of this generation’s ability to influence healthcare organizations and managerial roles in particular. This paper aims to clarify why millennials enter the healthcare management field and how their motivations correlate with preferences for working in various healthcare sectors and with various patient populations.,Survey data were collected from 107 millennials pursuing bachelor degrees in healthcare management by using a modified version of the multidimensional work motivation scale. Further data were collected on millennials’ preferences for working in various healthcare sectors and with various patient populations. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between types of motivation and workplace preferences. Cross-cultural differences were also examined within this generational set.,Results indicate a significant positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and preferences for working on the payer side of the industry and within finance and IT functions. Findings also reveal a significant positive relationship between prosocial motivation and preferences for working with more vulnerable patient populations. Variance in work motivation among cultural sub-sets of millennials suggests different upbringings, or alternatively, cultural relativity of the motivational constructs themselves.,Despite offering key insights into the next generation of healthcare managers, this study is limited by a sample of millennials from one large, metropolitan university in the USA and thus may not represent the views of all millennials.,To select, retain and develop the next generation of healthcare managers, it is incumbent upon organizations to better understanding millennials’ motivations and preferences.,This study is the first of its kind to illuminate the motivations and preferences that underpin a key and growing segment of the healthcare workforce. Millennials, now the largest and most diverse generation on the planet, are poised to change the landscape of health care.
Medicine and the media: a symbiotic relationship?

The editor introduces an issue on the influence of media on the practice of medicine with a discussion of the impact of popular media's portrayal of medicine. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Molecular dynamics simulations of energetic solids

A continuing objective in the area of energetic materials is to reduce sensitivity toward impact and shock. One approach is to develop a better understanding of how factors related to the crystal lattice, e.g., defects, influence the initiation and propagation of detonation. Molecular dynamics is a useful tool for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of molecular dynamics treatments of energetic solids. Some of these have simulated initiation and propagation in idealized systems; others have focused on developing a satisfactory procedure for describing molecular crystals of practical significance. Our emphasis in this discussion is on the progress that has been made along the second lines.
Whither Manufacturing and Operations Research

This paper is based on opening remarks made at the First Joint US/German Conference on New Directions for OR in Manufacturing. It was an honor to be invited to make those opening remarks, and an additional honor to have the opportunity to include them in these proceedings. In this paper, we explore the current status of manufacturing technology in the United States, describe a vision of next-generation manufacturing systems, and discuss ongoing research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in support of U.S. industry’s efforts to achieve that vision. In addition, we discuss some of the history of the operations research (OR) profession, make some observations concerning its present state of health, and comment on the important role OR professionals can play in this national effort to help U.S. industry survive and thrive in the next century.
Coexistence of isocitrate lyase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase in Turbatrix aceti mitochondria

Abstract Glyoxylate and Krebs cycle marker enzymes cobanded on sucrose gradients after isopycnic centrifugation of mitochondrial pellets. Mitochondrial heterogeneity was investigated by treating particles with a Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reaction mixture designed to specifically increase the buoyant density of mitochondria containing the Krebs cycle enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. The banding of Krebs cycle enzymes at a heavier buoyant density was accompained by the glyoxylate cycle marker isocitrate lyase. Both isocitrate-metabolizing enzymes appear to be compartmented within the same mitochondria. This strongly suggests that regulation of one or both of these enzymes is necessary for directing carbon flow through the two different cycles.
Genetic analysis of the requirements for alpha-actinin function.

Null α-actinin mutations in Drosophila are lethal and produce conspicuous defects in muscle structure and function. Here, we used transgene rescue to examine the requirements for α-actinin function in vivo. First, we tested the ability of a cDNA-based transgene encoding the adult muscle isoform of α-actinin under control of the heterologous ubiquitin promoter to rescue the lethality of null α-actinin mutations. Successful rescue indicated that alternative splicing, which also generates larval muscle and non-muscle isoforms, was not essential for viability and that there were no strict spatial or temporal requirements for α-actinin expression. Secondly, chimeric transgenes, with functional domains of α-actinin replaced by similar domains from spectrin, were tested for their ability to rescue α-actinin mutants. Replacement of either the actin binding domain or the EF hand calcium binding domain yielded inactive proteins, indicating that these conserved domains were not functionally equivalent. Thirdly, the length of α-actinin was modified by adding a 114 amino acid structural repeat from α-spectrin to the center of the rod domain of α-actinin. Addition of this sequence module was expected to increase the length of the native α-actinin molecule by at least 15%, yet was fully compatible with α-actinin function as measured by rescued lethality and flight. Thus, unexpectedly, the exact length of α-actinin was not critical to its function in the muscle Z disk.
THE FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPE: A Tool for Anesthesiologists

Soon after the introduction of the flexible bronchoscope into clinical medicine, anesthesiologists recognized its value in airway management. 4,14,37,38,49,71 Because of its continuous refinement, the introduction of new techniques in fiberoptic airway management, and the relative ease of exploring an airway with it, the scope of the anesthesiologist's role in airway management has been expanded. 2,16,29,32,59,72 The enormous popularity of the flexible bronchoscope in anesthesia practice has led to the publication of books and monograms devoted to its role in that setting. 43,44,53,57 The flexible bronchoscope is used for airway management more than any other intubation technique or device, even though it was not developed for this purpose nor used for the first fiberoptic tracheal intubation. A flexible fiberoptic choledochoscope was used to perform the first fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation in a patient with a difficult airway complicated by Still's disease. 38 Today, the flexible bronchoscope is used for many perioperative applications including tracheal intubation, endobronchial placement of double-lumen tubes and blockers, and evaluation of the airway: ADiagnostic 1Evaluation of a compromised airway aTumors bInfections cEpiglottitis dTracheal stenosis eLaryngeal polyps fSmoke inhalation 2Differential diagnosis of stridor 3Identification of the source of hemoptysis 4Identification of malpositioned tracheal and endobronchial tubes BTherapeutic 1Treatment of acute atelectasis 2Correcting malpositioned endotracheal tube 3Correcting malpositioned endobronchial tubes and blockers 4Tracheobronchial toilet CProblem solving 1Management of failed intubation 2Management of difficult intubation 3Management of failed positioning of endobronchial tubes and blockers 4Identification of the causes of acute hypoxemia DOther 1Fiberoptic changing of the endotracheal tube 2Checking nasogastric tube position 3Checking jet stylet position 4Evaluation for optimal time of extubation aMajor head and neck surgeries bEdema of the upper airway cEpiglottitis
Immune-related adverse events and survival in elderly patients with melanoma treated with ipilimumab.

3047Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAE) encompass wide-ranging toxicities in patients (pts) taking Ipilimumab. Experienced by many pts on Ipilimumab, they occasionally result in death....
Iclaprim: a differentiated option for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections.

Introduction: Iclaprim is a selective bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor. Although there are alternative options for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infecti...
Dynamics of mRNA entry into stress granules

Stressed eukaryotic cells store mRNAs in protein-rich condensates called stress granules. Using single-molecule tracking techniques to examine how mRNAs enter stress granules, a new study shows that mRNAs make transient contacts with the granule surface before stable association, and become largely immobile after entry.
Consequences of service reduction in municipal transit: San Francisco’s muni

Urban transit in the United States is going through a crisis of rising costs, increasing fares, falling patronage, and concomitant service reductions; typical of the pattern is San Francisco’s Municipal Railway, the agency in charge of all the City’s transit. From a basic fare of I 5c in 1969, two increases brought the fare to 25c by 1972, and cut sharply into a previously stable patronage. The “Muni”, in an effort to reduce costs and meet its budgeted deficit, attempted to reduce service by ten to fifteen percent. From an analysis of the data which could be obtained, it appears that neither efficiency not equity in the City would have been served by the proposed cutbacks. The analysis draws from a variety of sources and methods in exploring the interactions within the transportation system and within the city budget.
Abstract 431: Sex Differences in Manifestation of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis: Analysis of Lipoprotein Sub-Fractions in Healthy but High Risk Individuals

Background: Lipoproteins-rich triglycerides are associated with markers of coronary atherosclerosis such as coronary artery calcification (CAC) in young high-risk population. This study examines di...
Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Meets Developmental Systems Perspective: Transformative Activist Stance and Natureculture

Recent developments in the interdisciplinary field of research on human development, amounting to no less than a conceptual revolution, strongly suggest that the so-called interactionist consensus on nature–culture debates falls far short of accounting for the true complexity of developmental dynamics. There is a strong affinity on this point between the recently influential developmental systems perspective (DSP) and Vygotsky’s works including in its activity theory lineage. In these frameworks, individual and environmental characteristics are understood to continuously emerge in the life course, while codefining and cogenerating each other in the very process of developmental transactions. Both frameworks shift beyond the concept of development as a mechanically additive, hybrid product in which external and internal (genetic and environmental) influences are mechanically summated and combined as extraneous and separate units to be added to each other. Furthermore, while sharing the emphasis on joint determination by multiple causes, contextual sensitivity and contingency, Vygotsky’s framework expanded through Transformative Activist Stance is more radical and resolute in offering conceptual tools to understand development as an activity-dependent, emergent co-construction of developmental outcomes by human beings coacting with others in agentively coauthoring their communal world while relying on available cultural resources. This discussion creates a context in which the relevance of works by Mariane Hedegaard can be highlighted.
Moving from research on message framing to principles of message matching: The use of gain- and loss-framed messages to promote healthy behavior

Abstract For more than three decades, investigators have worked to generate an evidence base that can guide the strategic use of gain- and loss-framed information to promote healthy behavior. A key theme underlying these efforts has been the identification of a set of moderators—constructs that represents aspects of a person or of a situation—that regulate the effect of framed messages and enable investigators to deliver messages that are framed to match a person or situation and, thereby, maximize its persuasive effect. In this article, we examine how the adoption of a moderator-focused approach to message framing has shaped the evidence base that has emerged and offer a series of recommendations for where research should head. In particular, we consider two themes that offer opportunities to deepen our understanding of message framing effects. First, given that the effectiveness of message framing rests on investigators' ability to match a message to a person or a situation strategically, we articulate a set of principles that could inform the optimal application of message matching. Second, moving beyond the communication of framed information in pamphlets or videos, we consider how the use and influence of gain- and loss-framed statements unfolds within the context of interpersonal communication. Moving forward, we believe that engagement with these issues will advance both our understanding and use of message framing.
Are State and Local Income and Property TAXES Akin to Charitable Contributions…An Analysis of an Inequitable Limitation

In December 2017, President Trump signed H.R. 1 into law the largest tax reform legislation since 1986. As a result of the sweeping changes, the State and Local Tax Deduction has been reduced to $10,000….from an UNLIMITED deduction prior to the new legislation. Unfortunately, there are certain states, where 30-40% of their taxpayers claim an average SALT deduction of $21,000, primarily New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and California (Byerly,2018.) Does the 2017 federal tax overhaul accentuate an inequity in the Internal Revenue Code?
Dialogic meta-ethnography: troubling methodology in ethnographically informed qualitative inquiry

For those interested in understanding cultures of learning in both formal and informal science educational contexts, ethnography is often the research approach of choice. Yet ethnography, as a research approach, is far from monolithic. The myriad of nuances, distinctions, and open questions of ethnographic research, employed as full-scale ethnographies or as ethnographically informed approaches to broader qualitative research, can be a source of numerous tensions in science education research and educational research in general. In order to trouble and learn from these tensions, we employed a novel, analytic approach of meta-ethnography. We relied on Bakhtinian dialogic analysis to contrast questions of ethnographic methodology and method across four multidisciplinary studies of learning cultures rooted in varied levels of ethnographic methods. Commonalities in methodological tensions between the studies include the role of the researcher, the temporal scope, and analysis and representation. We proposed an ethnographic continuum as one way to envision our ethnographic studies without bounding them by the traditional nomenclatures.
THE STATUS OF THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYME FUNCTION IN RELATION TO FROG LDHs

ABSTRACT . Given the conditions of temperature, p H , and substrate concentration that appear to be present in nature, LDH kinetics and variability in frogs are consistent with an evolutionary theory of LDH function and tissue distribution. This theory is paraphrased and slightly elaborated. Attention is paid as well to the adaptive theory of K m alteration with temperature and to the natural selective theory of allelic isozyme variability.
Failed Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty and Recommendations for Revision

The most common complications warranting revision consideration in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) include instability and its associated causes: infection, periprosthetic fracture, and glenoid baseplate loosening. Management of complications can be challenging and the nuances of treatment are still being elucidated. The focus of this paper is to review the treatment of the failed RSA and discuss evidence-based recommendations for revision. The most common complications requiring revision RSA are instability and infection. The causes for instability can be subdivided into three main subcategories: loss of compression, loss of containment, and impingement. Loss of compression is further broken down into 6 subcategories revolving around abnormal prosthesis positioning, undersized prostheses, or intrinsic soft-tissue tension loss leading to instability. Periprosthetic infection can also lead to instability, yet the most appropriate management for infected RSA remains controversial. Restoring stability by maximizing deltoid and soft tissue tension while avoiding impingement revolves around three basic methods: (1) lateralizing and/or upsizing the glenosphere to an inferior position on the glenoid, (2) use of a more constrained polyethylene insert, and (3) distalizing the humerus by increasing the polyethylene thickness and/or the thickness of the humeral tray. Management of periprosthetic joint infection can be performed in one-stage, two-stage, or “three-stage” procedures all showing good outcomes with two-stage procedures being the most commonly performed. However, persistent positive culture with propriobacterium acnes can occur in up to 25% of cases. In order to limit the associated morbidity from failed revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty, continued research on best management of associated complications is warranted.
The Youth Aware of Mental Health Intervention: Impact on Help Seeking, Mental Health Knowledge, and Stigma in U.S. Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Suicide is a leading cause of death among U.S. youth aged 12–18 years. Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM), a promising, universal, school-based mental health promotion/suicide primary prevention intervention for adolescents, has been evaluated in Europe but not in the U.S. The present study used an uncontrolled, pretest/post-test design to document the potential for YAM to reduce suicidal ideation, attempt, and suicide. A demonstration that help seeking behaviors, mental health literacy, and mental health stigmatizing attitudes improve after the intervention would suggest that the program is promising in the U.S., as well as in Europe, and that further investigation is merited. Methods YAM was delivered to 1,878 students in 11 schools as part of regular school curricula. A subset of these students (n = 436) completed surveys before and 3 months postdelivery. Surveys included five questions about help seeking behaviors, a measure of intent to seek help (General Help Seeking Questionnaire), two mental health literacy scales, and two mental illness stigma scales (Reported and Intended Behavior Scale and Personal Stigma and Social Distance Scale). Both McNemar's test and repeated measures linear models were used to determine whether the survey outcomes changed after YAM delivery. Results Among the 436 adolescents (286 and 150 in Montana and Texas, respectively), significant increases were found pre- to post-intervention in three of five help seeking behaviors, along with improved mental health literacy and decreased mental health-related stigma. Intent to seek help was unchanged. Conclusions Several help seeking behavioral factors, mental health knowledge, and stigma improved post-YAM intervention. All three domains are likely protective against suicide. A randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of YAM in preventing suicidal behaviors is warranted.
Abstract P335: Using Cardiovascular Disease Risk Versus Blood Pressure To Guide The Initiation Of Antihypertensive Medication Among Us Adults

Introduction: The primary goal of initiating antihypertensive medication is to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been hypothesized that using CVD risk to guide the decision to initiate a...
Snow Load Calculations for Alaska Using GHCN Data (1950–2017)

Abstract This paper presents the results of snow load calculations in Alaska based on measurements of snow depth and snow water equivalent from 1950 to 2017 acquired from the Global Historical Clim...
Using Wavelets to Analyze Similarities in Image-Classification Datasets

Deep learning image classifiers usually rely on huge training sets and their training process can be described as learning the similarities and differences among training images. But, images in large training sets are not usually studied from this perspective and fine-level similarities and differences among images is usually overlooked. This is due to lack of fast and efficient computational methods to analyze the contents of these datasets. Some studies aim to identify the influential and redundant training images, but such methods require a model that is already trained on the entire training set. Here, using image processing and numerical analysis tools we develop a practical and fast method to analyze the similarities in image classification datasets. We show that such analysis can provide valuable insights about the datasets and the classification task at hand, prior to training a model. Our method uses wavelet decomposition of images and other numerical analysis tools, with no need for a pre-trained model. Interestingly, the results we obtain corroborate the previous results in the literature that analyzed the similarities using pre-trained CNNs. We show that similar images in standard datasets (such as CIFAR) can be identified in a few seconds, a significant speed-up compared to alternative methods in the literature. By removing the computational speed obstacle, it becomes practical to gain new insights about the contents of datasets and the models trained on them. We show that similarities between training and testing images may provide insights about the generalization of models. Finally, we investigate the similarities between images in relation to decision boundaries of a trained model.