cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of histone deacetylase 1 reverse the immune evasion phenotype to enhance T-cell mediated lysis of prostate and breast carcinoma cells

The clinical promise of cancer immunotherapy relies on the premise that the immune system can recognize and eliminate tumor cells identified as non-self. However, tumors can evade host immune surveillance through multiple mechanisms, including epigenetic silencing of genes involved in antigen processing and immune recognition. Hence, there is an unmet clinical need to develop effective therapeutic strategies that can restore tumor immune recognition when combined with immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade and therapeutic cancer vaccines. We sought to examine the potential of clinically relevant exposure of prostate and breast human carcinoma cells to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to reverse tumor immune escape to T-cell mediated lysis. Here we demonstrate that prostate (LNCAP) and breast (MDA-MB-231) carcinoma cells are more sensitive to T-cell mediated lysis in vitro after clinically relevant exposure to epigenetic therapy with either the pan-HDAC inhibitor vorinostat or the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat. This pattern of immunogenic modulation was observed against a broad range of tumor-associated antigens, such as CEA, MUC1, PSA, and brachyury, and associated with augmented expression of multiple proteins involved in antigen processing and tumor immune recognition. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition studies identified HDAC1 as a key determinant in the reversal of carcinoma immune escape. Further, our findings suggest that the observed reversal of tumor immune evasion is driven by a response to cellular stress through activation of the unfolded protein response. This offers the rationale for combining HDAC inhibitors with immunotherapy, including therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Comparison of ankle kinematics and ground reaction forces between prospectively injured and uninjured collegiate cross country runners

Biomechanical comparative studies on running-related injuries have included either currently or retrospectively injured runners. The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare ankle joint and ground reaction force variables between collegiate runners who developed injuries during the cross country season and those who did not. Running gait analyses using a motion capture system and force platform were conducted on 19 collegiate runners prior to the start of their cross country season. Ten runners sustained running-related injuries and 9 remained healthy during the course of the season. Strike index, peak loading rate of the vertical ground reaction force, dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), eversion ROM, peak eversion angle, peak eversion velocity, and eversion duration from the start of the season were compared between injury groups. Ankle eversion ROM and peak eversion velocity were greater in uninjured runners while peak eversion angle was greater in injured runners. Greater ankle eversion ROM and eversion velocity with lower peak eversion angle may be beneficial in reducing injury risk in collegiate runners. The current data may only be applicable to collegiate cross country runners with similar training and racing schedules and threshold magnitudes of ankle kinematic variables to predict injury risk are still unknown.
"Just Puff": The Continued Quest to Simplify Physiological Lesion Assessment.

In the 30% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) being performed to treat symptoms of stable coronary artery disease (CAD), an ischemia-guided approach to revascularization is advocated over an anatomically guided approach. Consequently, the appropriate use criteria for coronary
A Camera-Aided Legibility Assessment Protocol of Displays for Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction

Legible text and graphics presented on computer displays and projection screens are essential for benefit of human-computer interaction. Legibility of characters depends on the display brightness, luminance contrast of characters, character size, font types, color, viewing distance and angle, and observer’s acuity level. In sign and display industry, a legibility index, defined as the viewing distance divided by the character height, has been widely used for legibility evaluation. However, this index fails to examine all major factors other than geometry. To enhance human-computer interaction, a quantitative legibility evaluation method, which takes into account all major affecting factors, is needed for quick and reliable guidance, goal of this study. This study thus developed a legibility assessment protocol based on a redefined legibility index as the inverse square root of the solid angle subtended by the target, a legibility equation, and innovative camera-aided high dynamic range photogrammetric techniques the author recently developed.
Quantitative Analysis of Metabolic Abnormality Associated with Brain Developmental Venous Anomalies.

Background and Purpose: Abnormal hypometabolism is common in the brain parenchyma surrounding developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), although the degree of DVA-associated hypometabolism (DVAAh) has not been quantitatively analyzed. In this study, we demonstrate a simple method for the measurement of DVAAh and test the hypothesis that DVAs are associated with a quantifiable decrement in metabolic activity. Materials and Methods: Measurements of DVAAh using ratios of standardized uptake values (SUVs) and comparison to a normal database were performed on a cohort of 25 patients (12 male, 13 female), 14 to 76 years old, with a total of 28 DVAs (20 with DVAAh, seven with isometabolic activity, and one with hypermetabolic activity). Results: Qualitative classification of none, mild, moderate, and severe DVAAh corresponded to quantitative measurements of DVAAh of 1 ± 3%, 12 ± 7%, 18 ± 6%, and 37 ± 6%, respectively. A statistically significant linear correlation between DVAAh and age was observed (P = 0.003), with a 3% reduction in metabolic activity per decade. A statistically significant linear correlation between DVAAh and DVA size was observed (P = 0.01), with a 4% reduction in metabolic activity per each 1 cm in the longest dimension. The SUVDVA-based measures of DVAAh correlated (P = 0.001) with measures derived from comparison with a standardized database. Conclusion: We present a simple method for the quantitative measurement of DVAAh using ratios of SUVs, and find that this quantitative analysis is consistent with a qualitative classification. We find that 54% (15 of 28) of DVAs are associated with a greater than 10% decrease in metabolic activity.
A Hybrid RF-GA Approach to Bottleneck Machine Diagnosis and Suggestion in Parallel Machine Job-Shop Scheduling

In this paper, a hybrid Random Forest-Genetic Algorithm approach to detect and solve bottleneck machine problems in parallel machine Job-shop scheduling is developed with the aim of minimizing the makespan and the additional cost. The drawbacks of the existing methods for diagnosing bottlenecks is that they either do not consider the severity of the bottleneck or they do not consider the existence of multiple bottlenecks. In the existing models for solving bottlenecks, the cost is not considered as an objective function and only shifting of bottlenecks is utilized to solve the bottleneck machine problem. This approach is not feasible if the maximum capacity of the workshop has been reached. In this paper, a Random Forest classification model is utilized to diagnose bottleneck machine with different severity where the severity of the machines on the shop floor can either be none, low, medium, or high. Due to the lack of historical data, the Random Forest algorithm is trained using bottleneck data generated by simulating several identical parallel machine Job-shop scheduling problems. The trained Random Forest algorithm is then used in conjunction with Genetic Algorithm for finding the optimal actions to be taken for the most severe bottlenecks machines in order to reduce the makespan and the additional cost by optimizing the number of additional parallel machines to be utilized and overtime hours for the most severe bottleneck machines. The two objectives, makespan and additional cost, are combined into a single objective value by the use of weight values. These weight values depend on severity of the most severe bottleneck machine. If the bottleneck severity is “high” then makespan has a higher weight value than cost, if the severity is “medium” then both cost and makespan are weighed equally, and if the severity is “low” then cost has a higher weight value than makespan. In order to show the validity of the proposed approach it is used for diagnosing and solving the bottleneck problems in three different identical parallel machine Job-shop scheduling case studies 1. 3 jobs with 6 machines 2. 5 jobs with 9 machines and 3. 5 jobs with 12 machines. By utilizing the proposed approach the makespan and cost were reduced by 19.0%, 24.5% and 25.4% in case studies 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The results show that the trained Random Forest algorithm was able to correctly diagnose the bottleneck machines and their severity and Genetic algorithm was able to find the optimal number of additional hours and additional machines for the most severe bottleneck machines on the shop floor.© 2016 ASME
Modeling approach to estimate [ 18 F]FDG blood sample measurements in mice by use of urinary bladder time-activity data

Accurate determination of the input function is essential for absolute quantification of physiological parameters in PET. However, it requires an invasive and tedious procedure of arterial blood sampling that is challenging in mice because of the limited blood volume and the small size of the blood vessels. Blood loss and surgical trauma may limit the same mouse to be studied longitudinally. In this paper, we proposed a modeling approach to estimate whole-blood sample measurements for 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET studies in mice by use of urinary bladder time-activity data and one blood sample taken at the end of the experiment. Six CL57BL/6 mice were injected with [18F]FDG, and serial blood samples were taken from the femoral artery via a surgically implanted catheter during small-animal PET scans. Image data were reconstructed by use of filtered backprojection with CT-based attenuation correction. The boundary of the urinary bladder was determined with the fused PET-CT image by adjusting the scaling of the PET image such that the bladder volume shown on the PET and CT images matched. The bladder time-activity data were then constructed frame-by-frame and fitted to a compartmental model in conjunction with a blood sample acquired near the end of the experiment and an one-exponential function that described the clearance of [18F]FDG in blood. Our results demonstrated that it is feasible to estimate [18F]FDG blood samples by use of urinary bladder time-activity data. The estimated samples obtained with the proposed method agreed well with those derived from the gold standard method of arterial blood sampling. More importantly, the proposed method obviates the need of arterial catheterization, making it possible to perform repeated studies on the same mouse.
Improving laminate quality in wet lay-up/vacuum bag processes by magnet assisted composite manufacturing (MACM)

Abstract A novel method, Magnet Assisted Composite Manufacturing (MACM), which utilizes a magnetic compressive pressure, is proposed to improve laminate quality in wet lay-up/vacuum bag (WLVB) processes. This paper first describes the salient features of MACM/WLVB process, and then demonstrates the effectiveness of this process by investigating the void content and mechanical properties of random mat E-glass/epoxy composite laminates. During cure, high-power, N52 Neodymium permanent magnets are placed on the vacuum bag to apply sufficiently high consolidation pressure. Thus, laminate quality successfully improved such that fiber volume fraction increased more than 55% from 17% to 27% and void content decreased by 53% to under 3% compared to the laminates made without magnetic pressure. The flexural strength and modulus were also substantially improved by 60% and 46% to 253.5 MPa and 9.9 GPa, respectively. The effect of time and duration of applying magnetic pressure on the quality of the part were also investigated. The lowest void content of under 2% and 21% increase in fiber volume fraction were observed by only applying magnetic pressure 15 min at the start of the vacuum in WLVB process.
Case 6: Painful Nodules on Feet of an 11-year-old Boy.

1. Benjamin N. Hunter, MD*,† 2. Benjamin R. White, MD, MA† 1. *Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 2. †University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT A previously healthy 11-year-old boy presents with a 2-day history of severe bilateral plantar foot pain, mild epigastric pain, fatigue, subjective fever, and a 1-day history of a sparse, mildly pruritic, papular-pustular rash over his trunk and extremities. His foot pain has rapidly worsened and prevents him from walking or bearing weight. There is no history of similar symptoms, trauma, or sick contacts or any family history of vasculitides or autoimmune diseases. Two days before the start of the boy’s symptoms, the family returned from vacation in southern California, where he used a community hot tub several times. His mother has developed a similar rash over her trunk and extremities. The patient is well-appearing and afebrile with normal vital signs. He has moderate nonpitting edema of both feet as well as symmetric swelling …
Native plants improve breeding and foraging habitat for an insectivorous bird

Abstract Understanding how introduced plants reduce food web complexity is critical to effective conservation management within human-dominated systems. In urban breeding birds, the paucity of dietary specialists suggests that a lack of food resources, such as arthropod prey essential for reproduction and survival, may contribute to bird declines. Local plant species composition and abundance is influenced by the landscaping decisions of private homeowners and may be contributing to differences in insect prey availability. In this study, we examined whether non-native plants are a limiting factor to a resident breeding insectivore, the Carolina chickadee ( Poecile carolinensis ). We used caterpillar counts, chickadee foraging observations and detection-corrected hierarchical models, to determine the influence of local landscaping features on insect food availability, chickadee tree preference, site occupancy, site abundance and breeding territory selection. Native plants were more likely to host a higher biomass of caterpillars compared to non-native plants, and chickadees strongly preferred to forage in native plants that supported the most caterpillars. In addition, chickadees were less likely to breed in yards as the dominance of non-native plants increased. Chickadee occupancy increased with tree basal area and chickadee abundance declined as impermeable surface area increased and basal area decreased. Our results demonstrate that non-native plants reduce habitat suitability for chickadees by reducing insect food available for breeding. Improving human-dominated landscapes as wildlife habitat should include increasing native, and arthropod-producing, plant species to effectively support the life history needs of insectivorous birds.
Introducing the female condom to drug users in Brazil

Brazil is currently the number two country in the world for reported cases of AIDS, and the rate of heterosexually acquired cases is on the rise. Moreover, because of the changing focus of the epidemic, the ratio of male to female cases dropped from 28 : 1 in 1984 to 2.7 : 1 in 1997. While women's risk of infection continues to grow, there is evidence to suggest that traditional approaches to HIV risk reduction have not effectively addressed women's special needs. Within such a setting this study sought to introduce drug-involved women to the female condom – a female-controlled method of protection from HIV. As part of a larger HIV/AIDS intervention study targeting low-income, cocaine users, the primary aim of this initiative was to assess the level of acceptability of this new device among women at high-risk for HIV infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In conjunction with individual pre-test HIV prevention counseling, clients participated in a detailed education/demonstration session with the female condom. Women were asked to try the female condom with their partners and to report their experiences at two points of contact. Outcome data indicate that a sizable proportion (71.1%) of the sexually active women used the female condom during vaginal sex on one or more occasions. In addition, many women continued to use the female condom as a method of risk reduction over the three-month follow-up period. These data suggest that the female condom can have an important role in HIV prevention efforts in Brazil.
Religious experience and the facts of religious pluralism

L'A. fait d'abord un survol de la defense fondee sur l'experience de la croyance chretienne d'Alvin Plantinga, a savoir qu'une croyance religieuse exclusiviste peut etre fondee, non sur l'argumentation mais sur l'experience religieuse. Il discute ensuite de la reponse de Plantinga au defi lance par le pluralisme religieux. Puis il explique pourquoi la reponse de Plantinga est soit circulaire de maniere inappropriee, soit hautement invraisemblable. Pour finir, il aborde des objections a son argumentation.
Investigation into boron nitride nanoparticle effects on thermal properties of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O) as a phase change material

This paper presents thermal properties’ characterization of calcium chloride hexahydrate as a phase change material (PCM) combined with boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs), leading to efficient thermal management. BNNPs have high-thermal conductivity up to 200 W/m K. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of PCM could be remarkably enhanced by adding BNNPs to improve the heat transfer performance. In this study, 0.5 wt% of BNNPs were dispersed in the molten PCM. It has been found that the BNNPs could enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM by 71.9%, while reduce the latent heat of fusion and specific heat of PCM by 11.1% and 60.9%, respectively.
Pure and Efficient H2 Production from H 2 O using a Low Power AL/AL 2 O 3 Microplasma Chip Reactor

A low power Al/Al 2 O 3 microplasma chip reactor at room temperature demonstrates H 2 production from H 2 O exceeding 80% molecular conversion efficiency. This novel high efficiency microplasma chip presents a paradigm shift in H 2 production through its 100% H 2 O to H 2 conversion specificity. Pure and efficient H 2 production is obtained without electrolytic support, thereby eliminating byproducts, corrosive electrolytes, and other chemicals limiting the longterm stability of H 2 production. In addition, the electrical characteristics of the microplasma device are completely retained after more than 160 minutes of plasma reactions despite nanoparticle growth within the microchannels. Microplasma chip reactors have potential to aid the transition to a global H 2 economy.
Online consumer trust research and Maslow's hierarchy of needs

This study analyses trends in online trust research that reflect the online consumers' evaluation of website's trustworthiness and compares those trends to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Online trust research looks into how individuals establish trust in virtual reality in an attempt to build long-term customer relationships based on trust and loyalty. Maslow's hierarchy of needs describes the process of self-actualisation or realising one's own potential for growth. It appears that researchers study different aspects of online trust in a certain pattern. This paper applies findings from the context of motivational psychology to the new area of application - online trust in e-commerce by offering a parallel comparison between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and trends in online trust research. It offers suggestions on how to apply a spiral cycle of research to managing online relationships.
Be(com)ing Critical Scholars: The Emergence of Urban Youth Scholar Identities Through Research and Critical Civic Praxis:

This phenomenological case study examined the emergence of critical scholar identities among five urban youth who participated in a 2-year critical research fellows program. The program was grounde...
Studying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and antimicrobial of Iron nanoparticles biosynthesized from water extract of Mentha pulegium L

Biosynthesis of Iron nanoparticles from Mentha pulegium L by simple method by using waterextract of Mentha pulegium L. The iron nanoparticles characterized by UV-visiblespectroscopy, (FTIR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD and Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The biological activity evaluation by anti-inflammatory and anti oxidantusing evaluated in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ABTS radicalscavenging assay assay Iron chelating activity assay . The results also revealed that the waterextract of Mentha pulegium L and its iron nanoparticles represented the most potent in vitroantioxidant effect. Iron nanoparticles inhibited the growth of bacterial and fungal, theseresults suggested that iron nano particle could be an interesting to control pathogenic microorganisms.
CD40 Agonist Antibodies in Cancer Immunotherapy

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrop...
Promoting Equity and Access for California's Long Term English Language Learners.

This article presents a literature review regarding the identification and pedagogical practices for educating English language learners and the newly designated student classification of Long Term...
Mechanistic Insights into Chemoresistance Mediated by Oncogenic Viruses in Lymphomas.

Viral lymphomagenesis induced by infection with oncogenic viruses, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1), represents a group of aggressive malignancies with a diverse range of pathological features. Combined chemotherapy remains the standard of care for these virus-associated lymphomas; however, frequent chemoresistance is a barrier to achieving successful long-term disease-free survival. There is increasing evidence that indicates virus-associated lymphomas display more resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents than that observed in solid tumors. Although the tumor microenvironment and genetic changes, such as key oncogene mutations, are closely related to chemoresistance, some studies demonstrate that the components of oncogenic viruses themselves play pivotal roles in the multidrug chemoresistance of lymphoma cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms through which oncogenic viruses mediate lymphoma cell chemoresistance, with a particular focus on KSHV and EBV, two major oncogenic viruses. We also discuss the current challenges to overcome these obstacles in the treatment of virus-associated lymphomas.
Shyness and Adaptation Across Cultures

As a type of social withdrawal, shyness in childhood and adolescence is associated with, and predictive of, maladjustment across different domains, including low social status, peer victimization, academic underachievement, and internalizing problems, in Western societies. However, cultural norms and values may play a role in shaping the functional meaning of shyness. In societies that endorse group-oriented values, such as the traditional Chinese society that emphasizes group harmony and the restraint of personal desires, shyness in children and adolescents is considered acceptable. Cultural values are likely to be reflected in social attitudes of parents and peers toward shyness and relations between shyness and adjustment outcomes. The meaning of shyness may also be affected by macro-level social changes and associated individual acculturation processes.
Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biobased Biodegradable Blends

Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are biodegradable, compostable, and biocompatible polymers that can be produced from annually renewable resources. These properties mad...
Immigration Attitudes and White Americans’ Responsiveness to Rising Income Inequality:

Despite decades of rising inequality, there has been little observed increase in American public support for redistribution. This is puzzling because majorities of Americans profess to be aware of ...
Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidmyiidae) host preference and survival on small grains with respect to leaf reflectance and phytohormone concentrations.

The Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a major pest of wheat, globally. We conducted a series of laboratory choice and no-choice assays to quantify Hessian fly host preference for barley (cv. Champion), oat (cv. Cayuse), susceptible (cv. Alturas), and resistant (cv. Hollis) wheat. In addition, larval survivorship and adult emergence were compared among the evaluated host plants. We then examined whether insect preference for a host can be explained by differences in plant spectral reflectance. Further, larval survivorship and adult emergence were compared among host plants in relation to phytohormone concentrations. Hessian flies laid more eggs on wheat compared to either oat or barley. Spectral reflectance measurements of leaves were similar between susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars but different from those of barley and oat. Our results suggested that higher reflectance in the near-infrared range and lower reflectance in the visible range may be used by females for host selection. Hessian fly larvae were unable to develop into the pupal stage on resistant wheat and oat. No significant difference in larval survivorship was detected between the susceptible wheat and barley. However, adult emergence was significantly higher on barley than the susceptible wheat. Phytohormonal evaluations revealed that salicylic acid (SA) may be an important contributor to plant defense response to larval feeding as relatively higher concentrations of SA were present in oat and resistant wheat. While resistance in the resistant wheat is achieved only through antibiosis, both antibiosis and antixenosis were in effect rendering oat as a non-host for Hessian flies.
Differences in rapid increases in county-level COVID-19 incidence by implementation of statewide closures and mask mandates - United States, June 1-September 30, 2020.

ABSTRACT Background and Objective Community mitigation strategies could help reduce COVID-19 incidence, but there are few studies that explore associations nationally and by urbanicity. In a national county-level analysis, we examined the probability of being identified as a county with rapidly increasing COVID-19 incidence (rapid riser identification) during the summer of 2020 by implementation of mitigation policies prior to the summer, overall and by urbanicity. Methods We analyzed county-level data on rapid riser identification during June 1–September 30, 2020 and statewide closures and statewide mask mandates starting March 19 (obtained from state government websites). Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation were used to examine differences in the probability of rapid riser identification by implementation of mitigation policies (P-value Results Counties in states that closed for 0–59 days were more likely to become a rapid riser county than those that closed for >59 days, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas. The probability of becoming a rapid riser county was 43% lower among counties that had statewide mask mandates at reopening (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence intervals = 0.51–0.63); when stratified by urbanicity, associations were more pronounced in nonmetropolitan areas. Conclusions These results underscore the potential value of community mitigation strategies in limiting the COVID-19 spread, especially in nonmetropolitan areas.
Mental Status Examination

The mental status examination (MSE) is a structured assessment of the clinically relevant areas of a client’s behavioral, emotional, and cognitive functioning. It includes descriptions of the client’s overall appearance, comportment, and behavior; it also describes a client’s thought and perceptual processes and content, emotional state, and cognitive abilities, including level of consciousness, orientation and attention, and insight. By coalescing these important domains, the MSE paints a picture of the client at a given point in time.
TU-CD-BRA-02: Comparing Mutual Information and Gradient Magnitude Metrics for Deformable Image Registration

Purpose: Deformable image registration between CT and MRI remains a challenge due to variability in contrast, homogeneity, and field of view. This study aims to determine whether an optimized Mutual Information (MI) or Gradient Magnitude (GM) metric provides favorable results in the head and neck region. Methods: Head and neck CT and MR images were acquired for 14 patients as part of an MRI simulation study with a dual echo mDixon (in phase) T1 fast field echo sequence. Each pair of scans is registered with MRI as the reference image using the GM and MI metrics, where MI was optimized by controlling histogram parameters. Results are observed visually, and quantitatively measured by comparing Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance of manually contoured bone structures. Results: Using the optimized GM metric, the average Dice coefficient is 0.52 ± 0.16; the average Hausdorff distance is 7.5 ± 1.9 mm. Using the optimized MI metric, the average Dice coefficient is 0.55 ± 0.085; the average Hausdorff distance is 6.6 ± 1.4 mm. Conclusion: While both metrics performed similarly, the MI metric has a higher Dice coefficient than the GM metric, and a lower Hausdorff distance. This suggests image registration with the Mutual Information metric may be preferred.
Communicating Politics: Engaging the Public in Democratic Life, edited by Mitchell S. McKinney, Lynda Lee Kaid, Dianne G. Bystrom, and Diana B. Carlin: New York: Peter Lang, 2005. 315 pp. $32.95 paper

In their introductory chapter, the editors explain that their intention is to evaluate the health of U.S. democratic life from a “communication perspective.” Their approach, based on the work of Ha...
Iodination of the human platelet membrane. Studies of the major surface glycoprotein.

Abstract Human platelet surfaces were labeled with radioactive iodide utilizing lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide generated by a glucose oxidase-glucose system. Subcellular fractionation and electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that the radioactive label was primarily associated with the external plasma membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized membrane proteins revealed intense labeling of a 100,000 molecular weight membrane glycoprotein which was not altered by thrombin. Several lesser peaks of isotopic labeling were also detected. Neuraminidase treatment of intact platelets significantly decreased the labeling of the major surface glycoprotein. Partial purification of the labeled surface glycoprotein was achieved by extraction from isolated cell membranes with lithium diiodosalicylate. Concanavalin A agglutinated the intact washed platelets and precipitated the isolated membrane glycoprotein. Affinity chromatography using bound concanavalin A was utilized to purify the membrane surface protein.
Rationalizing Appraisal Standards in Compulsory Buyouts

This Article makes several contributions to the literature on Delaware appraisal law. We first argue that the "going concern value" standard adopted by the Delaware courts as the measure of "fair value" in share valuation proceedings is superior to its two main competitors, market value and third-party sale value, on grounds of both fairness and efficiency. Application of the going concern value standard has two important consequences. First, it is critical that going concern value be measured in a way that includes not only the present value of the existing assets of the corporation, but also the present value of the reinvestment opportunities available to and anticipated by the firm at the time of merger. Second, going concern value should not include the value of corporate control in a case where the merger creates control through the aggregation of previously dispersed shares. In that case, the benefits created by the aggregation of shares belong to the party that created the increased value.We address differently, however, the situation where a pre-existing controlling shareholder squeezes out the minority. Our concern here is the potential for a controlling shareholder to acquire the minority shares at a price that fails to reflect the firm's going concern value. Where a controller fails to present a valid discounted cash flow analysis and relies instead on a comparable company analysis that is based solely on historical data, the minority shareholders and the court are deprived of access to projections of future free cash flows of the firm. We therefore advocate that in this situation the courts adopt a penalty default in the form of a presumption that fair value includes the value of control as reflected in comparable company acquisitions. Such a presumption is consistent with common law doctrines of fiduciary duty and the entire fairness standard, as well as adverse evidentiary inferences drawn from failure to produce relevant evidence. The controller as faithful fiduciary can avoid the proposed presumption by preparing and submitting to judicial scrutiny a valid discounted cash flow analysis. The opportunistic controller, on the other hand, is subjected to a fair value determination that amounts to third-party sale value minus synergies.
Levi foliations in pseudoconvex boundaries and vector fields that commute approximately with

Boas and Straube proved a general sufficient condition for global regularity of the ∂-Neumann problem in terms of families of vector fields that commute approximately with ∂. In this paper, we study the existence of these vector fields on a compact subset of the boundary whose interior is foliated by complex manifolds. This question turns out to be closely related to properties of interest from the point of view of foliation theory.
Ductile fracture behavior of wrought steels

A two failure criteria model based on plasticity limit load (LL) theory and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is proposed for characterizing the fracture behavior of ductile structural metals. Failure is consideredto occur at the lower load predicted by the two failure criteria. The variables involved in the two failure criteria model are: fracture toughness (K c ), tensile strength (S u ), relative crack length (a/W), and geometry. A dimensionless parameter, K c /S u W 1 / 2 was defined. The fracture toughness failure criterion was found to dominate at low values of K c /S u W 1 / 2 , and the LL failure criterion controls fracture at large values.
An Examination of Native Americans in Film and Rise of Native Filmmakers

This paper explored the role of Native Americans in the Hollywood film industry and their actions to establish authentic representations of their population and culture in the media. Using academic literature, film analyses, and contemporary film reviews and articles, the author created a synthesis of the history of Native Americans in film. The author concluded that by becoming producers, directors, and writers of their own stories, American Indians have regained control of their images and been able to combat stereotypes and the exclusion of Native Americans in the creative process. Positive social change for minority populations can be optimized when these populations are in control of their own images in film and media.
INTERPRETATION AND CORRELATION OF DEVIATIONS FROM A HYDRODYNAMIC CHANNEL BOILING THEORY OF DATA ON NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN IN FORCED AND FREE FLOW BOILING

Although the rigorous hydrodynamic theories of channel boiling [1] and of pool boiling [2] were published in the same year, the latter has subsequently been thoroughly discussed and documented [3–5] while the former has not: Only three groups [1,6,7] have compared the channel boiling theory with adequate experiments and two of these are said to be in serious conflict. It is a purpose of this presentation to point out that this disagreement can be resolved if correct values of vapor density are used in the calculations. A second purpose is to add further support for the theory by a comparison with the more recent and extensive hydrogen forced flow film boiling data of Hendricks et al.[8]. The fit of data on boiling helium is discussed elsewhere [9]. Many studies [10–12] of boiling of other cryogens lack data on increase in quality or pressure drop or other information needed for a direct comparison with the hydrodynamic theory.
Fundamental dimensions of personality underlying spirituality: Further evidence for the construct validity of the RiTE measure of spirituality

Abstract This study examined the construct validity of the RiTE as a multidimensional measure of spirituality in relation to the five-factor model of personality in a sample of 325 college students. Results of correlational and regression analyses provided support for the notion that the dimensions of ritualistic, theistic, and existential spirituality tapped by the RiTE, are empirically distinguishable. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the construct validity of the RiTE and for the potential value of measuring spirituality as a multidimensional phenomenon in the study of religious processes.
Rapid Estimation of Pol Content in Sugarcane Juice Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy

Determination of “Pol” value in sugar cane and sugar beet products are important task for the sugarcane and beet industries. Polarimetry is one of the most popular method used for the determination of Pol value but the technique is time consuming and prone to underestimation. A rapid method for accurate determination of Pol value in sugar cane juice by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is proposed. Sugarcane juice samples were collected from the sugarcane industry during the season and the samples were scanned in the mid-infrared region between 400- 4000 cm-1 and simultaneously analyzed by polarimetric method to obtain the reference Pol value for FTIR analysis. Using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis the developed calibration model was able to predict the pol content in unknown raw sugarcane juice samples statisfactorily (R2 = 0.998). The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of the FTIR as a potential method for rapid and cost effective assessment of pol control in raw sugarcane juice.
Comments on “A Study of Ozone Levels in a Maritime and Land Environment”

It is pointed out that the previously reported study does not differentiate between the small scale sea breeze circulation and the large scale onshore gradient flow. Although both regimes produce winds off the ocean, they are of a totally different character in terms of vertical structure, horizontal extent, and potential sources of precursor emissons and rsulting ozone concentrations.
Differential properties of Meijer's G -function

The kth derivative of any Meijer G-function whose argument is proportional to any rational power of the variable is obtained in terms of another G-function. Many known formulae for derivatives of G-functions are easily derived from our result. The authors also obtain, in passing, both an apparently new relationship for rearranging parameters of a special G-function, and the Fourier sine transform of a G-function whose argument is a rational power of the variable. Applications are made to several examples of physical and mathematical interest, such as the Holtsmark function used in stellar dynamics and plasma spectroscopy.
Effects of L-dopa on efflux of cerebral monoamines from synaptosomes.

THE mechanism of the effects of large doses of L-dopa on brain function is ill-defined. This form of precursor loading produces marked increases in brain dopamine, little or no change in noradrenaline, and a substantial decrease in serotonin with an initial increase in 5-H indolyl-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)1–3. These observations suggest that serotonin may be released by L-dopa or its metabolites. Isolated synaptosomes (pinched-off nerve endings) actively accumulate exogenously labelled amines into structures which normally contain these amines4–6. Although the distribution of the labelled amine in the endogenous stores is not clearly defined, these structures seem to provide valid models for nerve endings in brain and may afford a direct and sensitive means of assessing the influence of drugs on the release of neurohumours. Using this technique, we have found that L-dopa profoundly affects the efflux of cerebral monoamines.
Fluids in deforming meshes

This paper describes a simple modification to an Eulerian fluid simulation that permits the underlying mesh to deform independent of the simulated fluid's motion. The modification consists of a straightforward adaptation of the commonly used semi-Lagrangian advection method to account for the mesh's motion. Because the method does not require more interpolation steps than standard semi-Lagrangian integration, it does not suffer from additional smoothing and requires only the added cost of updating the mesh. By specifying appropriate boundary conditions, mesh boundaries can behave like moving obstacles that act on the fluid resulting in a number of interesting effects. The paper includes several examples that have been computed on moving tetrahedral meshes.
A Comparison of Long Term and Short Term Pumping Tests

Comparison of the analysis of 3 and 4 day pumping tests with the analysis of water-level changes due to 18 years of pumping suggests that experience in an area can be a critical factor in determining the transmissivity and storativity of an aquifer.
Low birthweight and asthma among young urban children.

Objectives. We assessed whether the association between low birthweight and early childhood asthma can be explained by an extensive set of individual- and neighborhood-level measures.Methods. A population-based sample of children born in large US cities during 1998–2000 was followed from birth to age 3 years (N=1803). Associations between low birthweight and asthma diagnosis at age 3 years were estimated using multilevel models. Prenatal medical risk factors and behaviors, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and neighborhood characteristics were controlled.Results. Low-birthweight children were twice as likely as normal birthweight children to have an asthma diagnosis (34% vs 18%). The fully adjusted association (OR= 2.36; P<.001) was very similar to the unadjusted association (OR= 2.48; P<.001). Rates of renter-occupied housing and vacancies at the census tract–level were strong independent predictors of childhood asthma.Conclusions. Very little of the association between low birthweight and a...
Locally interdependent preferences in a general equilibrium environment

Abstract This paper explores the consequences of interdependent preferences for consumer goods, that is, preferences that evolve in response to the consumption decisions of neighboring agents. The key feature is that the interdependence of preferences coexists and interacts with the price mechanism in a general equilibrium environment. The interaction between the negative feedback operating through the price system and the positive feedback expressed in the bandwagon effect creates distinct geographic patterns of consumption on the micro-level and a characteristic evolution of average preferences and production on the macro-level. In equilibrium, agents’ preferences and consumption are completely polarized into stable regions in which every agent consumes the same good exclusively.
SPFH2 mediates the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and other substrates in mammalian cells.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane calcium channels that, upon activation, become substrates for the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Although it is clear that IP3 receptors are polyubiquitinated upon activation and are transferred to the proteasome by a p97-based complex, currently nothing is known about the proteins that initially select activated IP3 receptors for ERAD. Here, we sought to identify novel proteins that associate with and mediate the ERAD of endogenous activated IP3 receptors. SPFH2, an uncharacterized SPFH domain-containing protein, rapidly associated with IP3 receptors in a manner that preceded significant polyubiquitination and the association of p97 and related proteins. SPFH2 was found to be an ER membrane protein largely residing within the ER lumen and in resting and stimulated cells was linked to ERAD pathway components, apparently via endogenous substrates undergoing degradation. Suppression of SPFH2 expression by RNA interference markedly inhibited IP3 receptor polyubiquitination and degradation and the processing of other ERAD substrates. Overall, these studies identify SPFH2 as a key ERAD pathway component and suggest that it may act as a substrate recognition factor.
Variants of the two-dimensional boussinesq equation with compactons, solitons, and periodic solutions

Variants of the two-dimensional Boussinesq equation with positive and negative exponents are studied. The sine-cosine ansatz is fruitfully used to carry out the analysis. Exact solutions of different physical structures: compactons, solitary patterns, solitons, and periodic solutions, are obtained. The quantitative change in the physical structure of the solutions is shown to depend mainly on the exponent of the wave function u(x, t) and on the ratio a/b of the derivatives of u(x, t).
α4β1 Integrin (VLA-4) blockade attenuates both early and late leukocyte recruitment and neointimal growth following carotid injury in apolipoprotein E (-/-) mice

Background: The α4β1 integrin (VLA-4) supports rolling and firm adhesion of leukocytes to inflamed tissues via ligation of VCAM-1 or fibronectin expressed on t
Can policy affect organization structure? yes, no, maybe, sometimes....

This article explores the relationship of policy to organizational structure. Using an interpretive paradigm, two military organizations are examined. One of these organizations is a National Guard Unit and the other is a department at a military base. The article explores two issues: what effects, if any, a change in environment has upon the organization; and to what extent organization structure is affected by a policy change. A dialectic between organizations and policy becomes apparent.
ABSOLUTE VALUES OF PHOTON EMISSION FROM THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES PYRODINIUM BAHAMENSE, GONYAULAX POLYEDRA AND PYROCYSTIS LUNUU*

— The total photons emitted per organism upon complete stimulation during the dark phase of their photoperiod for P. bahamense, G. polyedra and P. lunula are 2·8 × 108± 15%; 1·2 × 108± 12% and 40 × 108± 11% respectively, P. bahamense in natural populations in Jamaica. W. 1. emitted the same total stimulable light per organism as in laboratory cultures. The bioluminescent emission spectra are the same for all three species (vmax.= 20.860 cm-1).