cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A compact physical model for morphology induced intrinsic degradation of organic bulk heterojunction solar cell

The gradual loss of efficiency during field operation poses a fundamental challenge for economic viability of any solar cell technology. Well known examples include light-induced degradation in Si-based cell (Staebler-Wronski effect), Cu diffusion in thin film (copper indium gallium selenide) cell, hot-spot degradation in series connected modules, etc. Here we develop a compact model for an intrinsic degradation concern for bulk heterojunction type organic photovoltaic (BH-OPV) cells that involve continued (thermal) phase segregation of the donor-acceptor molecules leading to characteristic loss of efficiency and performance. Our approach interprets a number of BH-OPV device degradation measurements within a common framework and suggests/rationalizes intuitive routes for lifetime improvement for such technologies.
Intraotic administration of gentamicin: a new method to study ototoxicity in the crista ampullaris of the bullfrog.

A new method of local gentamicin administration was tested in the bullfrog inner ear to achieve ototoxic-induced hair cell destruction. Gelfoam pledgets soaked with known amounts of gentamicin were inserted into the perilymphatic cisterna of the bullfrog through a ventral surgical approach. A dose of 1.20 mg gentamicin, consistent with a perilymphatic concentration of 65 μg/ml, resulted in the desired ototoxic-induced hair cell damage, that is, complete hair cell destruction with minimal disruption of other components of the sensory epithelium. This study demonstrates that this is a useful and simple method to investigate the process of vestibular ototoxicity and hair cell regeneration, including aspects of hair cell destruction and repair.
Declining Segregation of Same-Sex Partners: Evidence from Census 2000 and 2010

Despite recent media and scholarly attention describing the “disappearance” of traditionally gay neighborhoods, urban scholars have yet to quantify the segregation of same-sex partners and determine whether declining segregation from different-sex partners is a wide-spread trend. Focusing on the 100 most populous places in the United States, I use data from the 2000 and 2010 Decennial Census to examine the segregation of same-sex partners over time and its place-level correlates. I estimate linear regression models to examine the role of four place characteristics in particular: average levels of education, aggregate trends in the family life cycle of same-sex partners, violence and social hostility motivated by sexual orientation bias, and representation of same-sex partners in the overall population. On average, same-sex partners were less segregated from different-sex partners in 2010 than in 2000, and the vast majority of same-sex partners lived in environments of declining segregation. Segregation was lower and declined more rapidly in places that had a greater percentage of graduate degree holders. In addition, segregation of female partners was lower in places that had a greater share of female partner households with children. These findings suggest that sexual orientation should be considered alongside economic status, race, and ethnicity as an important factor that contributes to neighborhood differentiation and urban spatial inequality.
Feature Masking in Computer Game Promotes Visual Imagery

Can learning of mental imagery skills for visualizing shapes be accelerated with feature masking? Chemistry, physics fine arts, military tactics, and laparoscopic surgery often depend on mentally visualizing shapes in their absence. Does working with ‘spatial feature-masks’ (skeletal shapes, missing key identifying portions) encourage people to use visualization strategies? This experimental study tested that hypothesis using an online computer game involving rotating and stamping a 3D cube on a 2D pattern. According to a chi-squared test, people who trained with 3D feature-masks reported using significantly more visual imagery strategies on a related visualization posttest. Spatial feature-masks provide a new building block for instructional designers to address educational outcomes involving visual imagery of shapes.
Southern Corn Billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Influence of No-Tillage, Coulter-In-Row-Chiseling, and Insecticides on Severity of Damage to Corn

The southern corn billbug (SCB), Sphenophorus callosus (Olivier), produces a debilitating type of damage to corn, Zea mays L., and the degree of injury is influenced by cultural practices and insecticides. In 5 years of tests, SCB damage was significantly greater in no-tillage (NT) than in conventional tillage (CT). The use of a “coulter-in-row-chisel” (chiseling) planting technique (modified subsoiling)resulted in enhanced plant growth and yields in both NT and CT conditions, especially in drought conditions. Significantly higher numbers of corn seedlings that were damaged by SCB produced ears in the chiseled NT plots than in the nonchiseled NT treatments. Efficacy of carbofuran and terbufos was greatest during 1979 when moisture was ca. twofold higher than in the other test years. Also, a positive interaction occurred between insecticide treatment and chiseling in NT plots, resulting in greater yield. Populations of plant-parasitic nematodes were variable among treatments, but no significant differences were noted. Analysis of data indicated that nematodes did not produce significant damage to corn growth, nor were any interactions between nematodes and SCB injury apparent.
Restricted diffusion of the splenium of the corpus callosum in viral meningitis.

Infarcts of the corpus callosum are rare. This may be due to the rich blood supply of the corpus callosum which includes the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries and the anterior communicating arteries.1 Sometimes, imaging findings suggestive of acute stroke can in fact be related to nonprimary stroke radiologic mimics such as an infectious process. Moreover, not every hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence of magnetic resonance imaging is due to acute stroke. Brain abscess, neoplasm, acute demyelinating plaque, encephalitis, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia can result in the hyperintense signal on DWI.2,3 We report a case of viral meningitis associated with an area of restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with headache, pyrexia, and generalized fatigue. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with viral meningitis (white blood cells [cells/mm3]—80 with 90% lymphocytes and 10% polymorphonuclear neutrophils, glucose: 60 mg/dL, protein: 40 mg/dL, and bacterial, fungal, and tuberculous cultures were unremarkable). The DWI showed an area of restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (Figure 1A). There was a corresponding area of decreased signal on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map (Figure 1B). The repeat scan after 3 months was unremarkable. The area of restricted diffusion on DWI and the corresponding area on the ADC map completely resolved, and there was no abnormal signal on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Follow-up neurological examination was normal. Figure 1. A, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, diffusion-weighted imaging sequence, showing an area of restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (arrow). B, MRI brain, apparent diffusion coefficient sequence, showing a corresponding area ...
Using Profile Aixalysis for Student Teacher Evaluation

Measuring teacher performance is a controversial topic as the measurement process poses difficult problems for teacher educators. To assess the perfor mance of student teachers, Gibney and Wiersma describe two approaches to observation that involve established observation inventories. Forty-nine com petencies are identified, and the results of student teacher performance are then discussed and interpreted.
Improving worker motivation: the counseling approach

The counseling services briefly sketched in this essay have proven their worthin American industry. The demand for mental-health professionals by largecorporations is well documented. For instance, a Chicago-based counselingfirm reported that the number of its corporate clients doubled in the past tenyears and rose to over six hundred. (Mayer and Simons, 1977) To assure success for such counseling services, three factors have to becarefully considered: It should be added that the counseling service described here is not an‘all-or-nothing’ proposition. A partial implementation of the program isbetter than nothing at all. Some corporations need time to generate appropriateconditions for such an endeavor. They are not quite ready to hireprofessional counselors but they wish to increase the sensitivity of theirsupervisory personnel with regard to workers' needs. Even limited learningexperiences and workshops for that purpose are valid steps that will helpattain, to some degree, the goals of the counseling approach.
Development of safety analysis methodology for reactivity insertion accidents using modified RETRAN code

As the required analysis field expanded to be wider and complicated, it faces up some difficulties due to the strict analysis scopes and confined functions of vendor code systems used in Korea industries. To overcome it, KEPRI develop the in-house safety analysis methodology based on the available exquisite codes. For the development, the RETRAN code was modified and coupled to compensate for the lacks of capabilities. The analysis methodology was developed following the safety analysis guidelines cited by the KINS, EPRI, and vendors. To estimate the feasibility of the methodology and code system, some reactivity insertion accidents were analyzed and compared with the results mentioned in the final safety analysis report of the plant or those given by other code systems.
Early effects of inhaled Ca-DTPA on the rat lung

Abstract Inhalation of calcium trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Ca-DTPA) increases the removal of plutonium and other transuranics from the body. Data are required to determine possible biological effects from inhaled DTPA. p]Female rats were given a single or 12 daily, 2–4-h, inhalation exposures to aerosols of 10, 20 and 40% Ca-DTPA and the lungs were examined at 21 and 42 days following the last exposure. No pulmonary pathology was found from the single inhalation treatment with Ca-DTPA while only a slight, peripheral, histiocytosis was observed in the lungs of multiple-treated rats. There was no significant effect of DTPA treatments on body weight, lung weight, hematology or serum chemistry values.
Possibility of Volcanic Origin of the Cretaceous Sedimentary Kaolin of South Carolina and Georgia

The Cretaceous sedimentary kaolin deposits of South Carolina and Georgia occur in a portion of the geologic column which contains abundant evidence of volcanic activity in Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Puerto Rico. It is proposed that volcanic ash from eruptive centers in the Mississippi Embayment and Gulf Coastal region settled on land and was washed into adjacent valleys, lake basins, and possibly lagoons, along with varying amounts of residuum from the erosion surface; alteration of the volcanic ash to montmorillonite, and then to kaolinite, progressed under the influence of subaerial erosion in Cretaceous and later time whenever physical and chemical conditions were favorable.
Laboratory studies of a family manifesting premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth

Abstract In a previous publication, we described the clinical and radiographic findings of a family in which the children manifested premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth. We now report for the same family the results of extensive laboratory studies performed on blood and urine, analysis of periodontal microflora, and a family pedigree. We demonstrated the presence of putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microflora, elevated levels of serum antibodies reacting to Bacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and C. sputigena in 2 of the children, and significantly suppressed monocyte chemotaxis in all 3 children. Phosphoethanolamine was found in the urine of the father and all 3 children, but not in the mother. Likewise, serum alkaline phosphatase was abnormally low for all 3 children, and was at the extreme low end of normal range for the father, but was normal for the mother. On the basis of the alkaline phosphatase and phosphoethanolamine measurements, we assigned a diagnosis of hypophosphatasia to the 3 children. Phosphoethanolamine and alkaline phosphatase were also abnormal in the paternal grandmother and her brother. The son of this brother who was deceased had a daughter manifesting premature loss of the primary teeth. The data are consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. In the light of our findings, hypoplastic cementum must be considered in the etiology of some forms of early-onset periodontitis.
One,Way Acceptors and Languages

In the present paper, a parallel presentation of the theories of abstract families of languages (AFL) and abstract families of deterministic languages (AFDL) is given. This is done by introducing two families of languages. One of them is the one-way nondeterministic family of languages (1NFL). A 1NFL is a family of languages closed under special marked substitution and inverse nondeterministic a-gsm mapping. The deterministic counterpart of 1NFL is 1DFL. It is shown that 1NFL and 1DFL are equivalent to AFL and AFDL, respectively. These families of languages are then used to characterize, side by side and with alternate proofs, the families of languages accepted by AFA and AFDA. Moreover, it is also shown that 1NFL and 1DFL can be used to characterize the families of languages accepted by a closed class of 1NBA and 1DBA, respectively.
Possible role of oxygen valence in superconducting ceramics

Abstract Superconducting ceramics are discussed in terms of the joint occurrence of oxygen ions with different valencies. The relevant behaviour can be described by a simple quantum-field model.
Decreases in vaginal acyclicity of rats when housed with female hamsters.

Abstract The effect of the presence of female hamsters on female rat reproductive cycles was assessed. This was accomplished by maintaining two colony rooms, one of which contained only female rats, whereas the other contained both female rats and female hamsters; the estrous cycles of female rats in these rooms were compared. Rats in the rat-hamster room displayed fewer periods of acyclicity than did rats in the rat-alone room. These data indicate that there can be interspecific effects on the periodicity of the rat reproductive cycle.
Dopamine neurons encode the better option in rats deciding between differently delayed or sized rewards

The dopamine system is thought to be involved in making decisions about reward. Here we recorded from the ventral tegmental area in rats learning to choose between differently delayed and sized rewards. As expected, the activity of many putative dopamine neurons reflected reward prediction errors, changing when the value of the reward increased or decreased unexpectedly. During learning, neural responses to reward in these neurons waned and responses to cues that predicted reward emerged. Notably, this cue-evoked activity varied with size and delay. Moreover, when rats were given a choice between two differently valued outcomes, the activity of the neurons initially reflected the more valuable option, even when it was not subsequently selected.
Enzymatic synthesis of UTPγS, a potent hydrolysis resistant agonist of P2U-purinoceptors

1. The defective Cl- secretion characteristic of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells can be bypassed by an alternative Ca2+ dependent Cl- secretory pathway that is activated by extracellular nucleotides, e.g. uridine-5'triphosphate (UTP), acting on P2U purinoceptors. Since UTP is susceptible to hydrolysis by nucleotidases and phosphatases present in the airways, the identification of stable P2U-purinoceptor agonists would be of therapeutic relevance. 2. Uridine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (UTP gamma S) was synthesized by nucleoside diphosphate kinase-catalyzed transfer of the gamma-phosphorothioate from guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) or adenosine-5' = O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) to UDP. Formation of UTP gamma S was illustrated by observation of transfer of 35S from [35S]-GTP gamma S and transfer of 3H from [3H]-UDP. The chemical identity of high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.)-purified UTP gamma S was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. 3. Human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably expressing the phospholipase C-coupled human P2U-purinoceptor were utilized to test the activity of UTP gamma S. UTP gamma S (EC50 = 240 nM) was essentially equipotent to UTP and ATP for stimulation of inositol phosphate formation. 4. Unlike [3H]-UTP, [3H]-UTP gamma S was not hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, or apyrase. Moreover, no hydrolysis was detected during a 1 h incubation with human nasal epithelial cells. 5. UTP gamma S was equally potent and efficacious with UTP for stimulation of Cl- secretion by human nasal epithelium from both normal donors and cystic fibrosis patients. Based on its high potency and resistance to hydrolysis, UTP gamma S represents a promising compound for treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Focussing and deflection of electron beams produced by feedback multipliers in a flat TV display

Feedback-multiplier tubes produce electrons with spreads in kinetic energy large compared to kinescope-cathode electrons, leading to greater difficulties in guiding electrons from cathode to anode. The essentially two-dimensional electron optics required for extraction, modulation, focussing, and deflection of electron beams are discussed. Computer-simulated line spots are compared with analytical predictions.
Depressive and cardiovascular disease comorbidity in a rat model of social stress: a putative role for corticotropin-releasing factor

Rationale Depression is associated with medical comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, mechanisms linking depression and cardiovascular disease remain unclear.
Perceptions of gender similarities and differences of fifth-grade students

In the present study, 36 fifth-grade students indicated their perceptions of how men and women are the same and how they are different, following Nemerowicz's 1979 work. Responses were coded into the categories employed by Nemerowicz, who asked these two questions, and into new categories where needed. Subjects' perceptions were compared with those identified by Nemerowicz to see how such perceptions have changed since 1979.
Tribology of diamondlike carbon and related materials: an updated review

Diamondlike carbon (DLC) has been studied for many years as a wear-resistant material with low friction coefficient. Its tribological behavior is strongly affected by the tribotesting environment and is controlled by tribochemical effects, which may in turn be dependent on the technique used for the deposition of the films. New variations of DLC films, with various dopings, and new deposition methods have been investigated in recent years. The paper presents an updated review of the tribological properties of DLC and related materials, and discusses the mechanisms suggested for the explanation of the wear and friction behavior of these materials.
Enhanced Light‐Harvesting Capacity by Micellar Assembly of Free Accessory Chromophores and LH1‐like Antennas

Biohybrid light-harvesting antennas are an emerging platform technology with versatile tailorability for solar-energy conversion. These systems combine the proven peptide scaffold unit utilized for light harvesting by purple photosynthetic bacteria with attached synthetic chromophores to extend solar coverage beyond that of the natural systems. Herein, synthetic unattached chromophores are employed that partition into the organized milieu (e.g. detergent micelles) that house the LH1-like biohybrid architectures. The synthetic chromophores include a hydrophobic boron-dipyrrin dye (A1) and an amphiphilic bacteriochlorin (A2), which transfer energy with reasonable efficiency to the bacteriochlorophyll acceptor array (B875) of the LH1-like cyclic oligomers. The energy-transfer efficiencies are markedly increased upon covalent attachment of a bacteriochlorin (B1 or B2) to the peptide scaffold, where the latter likely acts as an energy-transfer relay site for the (potentially diffusing) free chromophores. The efficiencies are consistent with a Forster (through-space) mechanism for energy transfer. The overall energy-transfer efficiency from the free chromophores via the relay to the target site can approach those obtained previously by relay-assisted energy transfer from chromophores attached at distant sites on the peptides. Thus, the use of free accessory chromophores affords a simple design to enhance the overall light-harvesting capacity of biohybrid LH1-like architectures.
Support for Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Heart failure (HF) exerts an enormous burden both in the United States and worldwide, compounded by the lack of effective therapies for patients with end-stage HF. Current options other than medical management are limited to cardiac transplantation, severely limited by the lack of donor availability, and ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. Although the introduction of newer VADs has reduced complications such as thrombosis and infection, mortality in patients with VADs is still significant (≈25% in the first year1). Since the capacity of the heart to repair itself after myocardial infarction (MI) is very limited, effective regenerative therapies for patients with large acute MI to prevent progression to HF would be highly beneficial in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with end-stage HF. Regenerative therapies to repair failing hearts have the potential to provide new options for patients with advanced HF who currently face low quality of life as well as poor prognosis. ### National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network Clinical trials to test the ability of cell therapy to treat patients after MI were initiated a decade ago in Europe with injection of autologous skeletal myoblasts in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery,2 followed rapidly by trials using other cell types and delivery routes. In response to the proliferation of non-US cell therapy trials, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) held a working group in August 2004 to assess the status of clinical studies of cell-based therapies for cardiovascular disease, to determine the gaps in knowledge and barriers that prevent the implementation of well-designed and safe clinical studies. Another charge to the working group was to identify the areas of opportunity to apply cell-based therapies for cardiovascular disease.3 The primary recommendation of the working group was the formation of a cardiovascular cell therapy research network, consisting of a clinical research network component …
Direct on-resin synthesis of peptide-αthiophenylesters for use in native chemical ligation

A peptide-αthiophenylester is a key reactant in native chemical ligation. Preformation of the peptide-αthiophenylester could be useful for enhancing the ligation reaction. We report the direct on-resin preparation of preformed peptide-αthiophenylesters using a simple and efficient method. The peptide-αthiophenylester reacted extremely rapidly with a Cys-peptide when compared to the peptide-αthioalkylester.
Cost trade-offs in hardware support (Panel Discussion)

A serious problem facing Computer Science educators is deciding what type of computer resource(s) needs to exist in order to serve Computer Science students. Should these resources include Time-Sharing, micro-processors, one large dedicated computer, and so forth? What are colleges and universities doing to attack this question? A panel of faculty from several colleges and universities of Computer Science education will present views and insights. There will be time for questions and answers from the audience.
An HTFFR kinetics study of the reaction between AlCl and O2 from 490 to 1750 K

A method for the production of AlCl radicals in an HTFFR (high-temperature fast-flow reactor) is described. Their relative concentration in the title reaction is monitored by laser-induced fluorescence. The overall reaction rate coefficients, for AlCl consumption by O 2 , can be fitted by the expression k(T) =1.3×10 −12 exp(−3400K/T)+3.4×10 −9 exp(−16100K/T) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 . Error limits are discussed in the text. The results are shown to be compatible with a mechanism where the AlO 2 +Cl product channel dominates at lower temperatures, while the OAlCl+O channel dominates at higher temperatures. The ln k(T) versus T −1 dependence of the AlCl/O 2 reaction is contrasted to those observed for the AlO/O 2 and BF/O 2 reactions.
The effects of periodic current reversal on the electrodeposition of a black chrome selective solar absorber surface

Abstract The effects of Periodic Current Reversal (PCR) during black chromium-oxide electrodeposition on the microstructure, and therefore the optical properties, of the selective solar absorber surface were investigated in this study. It was found that direct current (dc) versus PCR-mode deposits varied considerably in their optical responses, the dc coatings being decidedly superior. Thermal stability test results, based on a coating's solar absorptance/infrared emittance behavior following prolonged exposure to high temperature conditions, varied considerably; the dc coatings again out-performed the PCR coatings. A decrease in the chromium/chromium-oxide ratio, a decrease in the film thickness, and non-uniformity of the coating surface/subsurface microstructure were seen to occur in the PCR coatings. This study concludes that the current reversal associated with the PCR process of electrodeposition is responsible for the removal of all or most of the black chrome coating from the resulting deposits. While some black chrome coatings produced by the use of PCR (followed by dc deposition) exhibited good optical behavior, the total procedure would be uneconomical compared to the traditional dc deposition.
Gamma-ray spectrum from 204Pb(n, γ)205Pb

Abstract The gamma-ray spectrum following thermal neutron capture by 204 Pb was observed to populate directly 16 levels in 205 Pb. A total of 23 low-energy gamma rays, of which three are doubtful, were observed to depopulate these levels. A decay scheme using the above information is proposed and compared to theoretical predictions. The neutron binding energy for 205 Pb was determined to be 6734.2±1.5 keV, and the neutron capture cross section for 204 Pb was found to be 661±70 mb.
Multigenerational epigenetic effects of nicotine on lung function.

A recent preclinical study has shown that not only maternal smoking but also grandmaternal smoking is associated with elevated pediatric asthma risk. Using a well-established rat model of in utero nicotine exposure, Rehan et al. have now demonstrated multigenerational effects of nicotine that could explain this 'grandmother effect'. F1 offspring of nicotine-treated pregnant rats exhibited asthma-like changes to lung function and associated epigenetic changes to DNA and histones in both lungs and gonads. These alterations were blocked by co-administration of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, rosiglitazone, implicating downregulation of this receptor in the nicotine effects. F2 offspring of F1 mated animals exhibited similar changes in lung function to that of their parents, even though they had never been exposed to nicotine. Thus epigenetic mechanisms appear to underlie the multigenerational transmission of a nicotine-induced asthma-like phenotype. These findings emphasize the need for more effective smoking cessation strategies during pregnancy, and cast further doubt on the safety of using nicotine replacement therapy to reduce tobacco use in pregnant women.
Integrated data base as key to computer assisted instruction

A general purpose interactive computer assisted instructional system is described. It uses an integrated data base to store the instructional materials, the student records, the system statistics, and the system control data. A control program is employed to interact with learners at remote terminals, to direct the instructional process, and to retrieve the appropriate instructional materials.Instructional materials are organized and stored as English text in the data base. No computer programming is necessary for implementing and revising the course materials. The data base is organized as a direct access file allowing (in auxaliary storage media) large quantities of instructional information to be stored at a minimal cost. Every basic instructional material unit, a frame, in the data base is equally accessible to the control program. This permits the lesson designer to link any frame at any particular sequence. Branches between the courses are feasible for remedial instruction or multiple use of materials. Several types of response modes are provided, and additional desirable responsivenesses can be added with minimal difficulty. Detailed student background and historical learning data are available for intelligently controlling the instructional sequences.The system is now operational on an IBM system/360 model 65/50 ASP general purpose computational system in a multiprogramming environment under CPS. The same concept can be used to develop a dedicated CAI system using a smaller hardware configuration.
Predicting Failure of Iliac Fixation in Neuromuscular Spine Deformity.

Abstract Study Design Retrospective comparative cohort study. Objectives Identify whether there are patient or surgical risk factors to predict the probability of failure of iliac screw fixation after correction of neuromuscular scoliosis. Summary of Background Data There are high reported failure rates of pelvic fixation in long posterior spinal fusion (PSF) constructs to the sacrum for neuromuscular scoliosis. Methods Patients aged 5 to 25 years, at a single institution, had PSF to the sacrum from 2001 to 2009 with pelvic fixation using iliac screws. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to identify patient and surgical variables related to surgery. Failure of iliac fixation was identified strictly as a broken screw, disengagement of the screw from the connector or the connector from the rod, or set plug failure. Lucency around the screws greater than 2 mm was recorded but not considered a failure. Variables were analyzed in a statistical model to identify predictors of failure. Results A total of 108 patients met inclusion criteria; 100 (38 female and 62 male) had appropriate radiographs and minimum 2-year follow-up (average, 5.5 years). Coronal deformity correction averaged 59%. Most patients (89%) had fill of 6 of 8 possible distal fixation points composed of L4, L5, S1, and ilium bilaterally. Iliac screw failure occurred in 27 patients (27%). The initial single predictor statistical model identified 2 possible predictors of failure (patient: spastic tone; and surgical: absence of distal crosslink). In the multivariable model, spastic tone remained a predictor of failure (p = .0103), whereas absence of distal crosslink bordered on significance (p = .0516). Conclusions Iliac screw fixation failure is common in patients with long PSF constructs for neuromuscular scoliosis. Spastic tone is a risk factor for failure of pelvic fixation. A distal crosslink may protect against pelvic fixation failure. Alternative techniques for pelvic fixation should be studied in an attempt to improve the failure rates of iliac screw pelvic fixation.
Competing 1,n-elimination reactions of 1-Bromo-5-bromomethyl-6,6-dichlorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane: A strained 1,3-bridged cyclopropene and a vinylcarbene as reactive intermediates☆

Abstract 1-Bromo-5-bromomethyl-6,6-dichlorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (9) was treated with alkyllithium at different temperatures. After halogen metal exchange in 9, two competing 1,n-elimination reactions take place. A 1,2-elimination of organolithium compound 12 leads to strained 1,3-bridged cyclopropene 10 which undergoes a cyclopropene-vinylcarbene rearrangement to 17. Insertion of 17 into the ether solvent affords isomers 18a and 18b. In contrast, 1,4-eliminations of organolithium compound 13 generate butadienes 14 and 16, respectively. The formation of the products is temperature dependent.
Sensory and analytical comparison of orange-fleshed honeydew to cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew for fresh-cut chunks

Abstract Maintaining the sensory, microbial and postharvest quality of fresh-cut fruit after processing and throughout distribution and marketing is a major challenge facing the fresh-cut fruit industry. Fresh-cut chunks of orange-fleshed honeydew (‘Honey Gold’, ‘Orange Dew’, ‘Temptation’ and three breeding lines) and green-fleshed honeydew (‘Honey Brew’) and an orange-fleshed cantaloupe (‘Cruiser’) harvested at commercial and full-slip maturities were compared after storage for 0–11 days in air at 5 °C. Fresh-cut cantaloupe had higher respiration and ethylene production rates, aromatic volatile concentrations, and β-carotene/chroma and orange hue (except ‘Orange Dew’) than those of honeydew whereas honeydew chunks generally had higher soluble solids content (SSC), Kramer firmness and lower microbial counts than cantaloupe chunks. All genotypes had similar ascorbic acid levels. During storage, analytical quality characteristics of fresh-cut chunks from all genotypes were well maintained even though microbial populations increased especially on cantaloupe chunks. Consumers liked the flavor, texture, sweetness and overall eating quality of the orange-fleshed honeydew genotypes as well as or better than those of cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew. ‘Orange Dew’ scored highest in appearance and had the highest β-carotene concentration, chroma and orange hue among orange-fleshed honeydew genotypes whereas ‘Temptation’ generally scored highest for flavor intensity and acceptability and overall eating quality; and it had the highest aromatic volatile concentrations among the orange-fleshed honeydews. Many individual volatiles were identical in cantaloupe and honeydews; however, honeydew genotypes, particularly ‘Temptation’, were distinctive from cantaloupe and green-fleshed honeydew in having relatively high levels of various nonenyl and nonadienyl acetates having honeydew-like or uncharacterized aromas. Fresh-cut chunks from full-slip melons generally had higher analytical and sensory quality characteristics but higher microbial counts and lower shelf stability compared to those from commercially mature fruit. The results indicate that orange-fleshed honeydews are a promising new melon type for fresh-cut processing.
A physiological basis for head-body temperature differences in a panting lizard

Abstract 1. 1. Head and core temperatures were measured in anole ( Anolis carolinensis ) and basilisk ( Basiliscus americanus ) lizards exposed to ambient temperatures of 38°C and 40°C. 2. 2. There was very little difference in head-core-ambient temperature gradients between non-panting and dead animals exposed to 38°C or 40°C. 3. 3. When anoles panted at 40°C head temperature was 1.5°C below ambient resulting in a head-core gradient (1.3°C) significantly greater than that of non-panting or dead animals. 4. 4. Panting basilisk lizards maintained head temperature 2.46°C below ambient with a head-core gradient of 1.75°C. 5. 5. It is concluded that head-core-ambient temperature gradients in panting lizards is the result of increased evaporation from the buccal cavity as a consequence of opened-mouth panting.
The Effect of Basic-State Potential Vorticity Gradients on the Growth of Baroclinic Waves and the Height of the Tropopause

The stability characteristics of normal mode perturbations on idealized basic states that have meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradients that are zero in the troposphere, very large at the tropopause, and order b in the stratosphere are checked. The results are compared to the corresponding models that have a lid at the tropopause. The dispersion relations and the vertical structures of the modes are similar in the two models, thus confirming the relevance of the Eady problem to unbounded atmospheres. The effect of replacing the lid with a more realistic tropopause is to complicate the interaction of tropopause and surface waves, such as to inhibit phase locking for a range of wavenumbers. This causes the short-wave cutoff of the Eady model to move to longer waves. Also, there is a slight destabilization of the long waves, which have large amplitudes in the stratosphere. The effect of gradually changing the tropospheric PV gradients from zero (Eady-type profile) to b (Greentype profile) on the stability of normal modes is checked. The dispersion relations show a smooth transition from the Green profiles to the Eady profiles, and a short-wave cutoff is gradually formed. Finally, the possibility of neutralizing the atmosphere through the short-wave cutoff of the Eady model by lifting the tropopause while keeping PV gradients zero in the troposphere is examined. It is found that instability depends on some minimal amount of tunneling of waves between the surface and the tropopause. The amount of tunneling depends on the vertical integral of N in the troposphere. It is necessary for ∫ Nd zto increase for
Cooperative “curvature-driven” control of mobile autonomous sensor agent network

We present a stable, real time, curvature-driven, control strategy for a network of mobile autonomous sensing agents to move and reconfigure cooperatively in response to a sensed, distributed environment. Our control strategy decouples, in part, the network estimation of the environment and the cooperative management of the agents' maneuvers and network formation. This framework provides an effective basis for self-organization.
Spontaneous coherent pulsations in standing-wave laser oscillators: stability criteria for homogeneous broadening

The stability criteria for single-mode standing-wave laser oscillators in the homogeneously broadened limit are reported, and two types of criteria are distinguished. The first type (type 1) corresponds to the minimum value of the threshold parameter for which an infinitesimal perturbation away from steady state grows into an oscillatory solution. A second type (type 2) corresponds to the minimum value of threshold parameter for which large-amplitude oscillations do not decay to the steady-state solution. Undamped pulsations in single-mode homogeneously broadened standing-wave laser oscillators are found to occur at a much higher excitation level than in ring-laser oscillators with homogeneous broadening. The effects of detuning on the stability criteria are also investigated.
Emergent mechanical support in the community: improvement with early transplant center referral

Emergent mechanical support for the failing ventricle, with eventual transfer for definitive care, is often required at non-transplant centers. Transfer for definitive care, in terms of bridge to transplant, may require ventricular assist device (VAD) placement at the primary institution or at the transplant center. Review of consecutive single transplant center referrals was conducted to decipher optimal management. From January 1997 to December 2000, 104 patients were transferred to the University of Pennsylvania Heart Failure/Transplant Service. Most were transferred from active cardiac surgical programs, with 56 patients having post-cardiotomy failure at the primary site. A VAD was placed in procedures done at the outside hospital (OSH) in 28 patients, most commonly (60%) an Abiomed device. Of the 76 patients that received a VAD at the transplant center (TxpC), 86% received a TCI or Thoratec device. Biventricular support was required in 34 patients. Overall survival was 57%, with 54 patients bridged to transplantation and 5 patients undergoing recovery. Patients having a VAD placed at the OSH had a 32% (9 of 28) survival, whereas at the TxpC survival was 65% (45 of 76) (p 1-year post-transplant. The most common cause of death was multi-system organ failure (19 of 45), followed by major neurologic event (15 of 45). Infection was the cause of death in only 6 patients. Left ventricular failure can be treated by emergent VAD placement. Overall survival is substantial if these patients are referred to a transplant center with multiple options. In contrast to previous reports, survival rates may be improved by earlier referral, before VAD placement at non-transplant centers and use of a VAD with longer-term capability.
Comments on DNA as a fractal antenna.

Blank and Goodman (2011) proposed in this journal that DNA acts as a ‘fractal antenna’. “Since DNA can interact with EMF [electromagnetic fields] over a wide range of frequencies and does not appea...
Identification and Inference in Ascending Auctions With Correlated Private Values

We introduce and apply a new nonparametric approach to identification and inference on data from ascending auctions. We exploit variation in the number of bidders across auctions to nonparametrically identify useful bounds on seller profit and bidder surplus using a general model of correlated private values that nests the standard independent private values (IPV) model. We also translate our identified bounds into closed form and asymptotically valid confidence intervals for several economic measures of interest. Applying our methods to much studied U.S. Forest Service timber auctions, we find evidence of correlation among values after controlling for a rich vector of relevant auction covariates; this correlation causes expected profit, the profit-maximizing reserve price, and bidder surplus to be substantially lower than conventional (IPV) analysis of the data would suggest.
ΔΣ ADCs with second-order noise-shaping enhancement

This paper proposes a new delay cell for noise-coupled delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters, which simplifies the design of noise-coupling circuits, as well as of the clock generator. Next, a second-order noise-shaping enhancement technique is introduced, and its architecture and circuit implementation discussed. To verify the proposed design methodology, a noise-coupled ADC was designed and simulated.
Three-dimensional CT Maximum Intensity Projections of the Calvaria: A New Approach for Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis and Fractures

Summary: three-dimensional CT maximum intensity projection (MIP) can depict suture patency, extent of synostosis (ie, complete versus incomplete bone bridging), fracture extent and conspicuity, and 3D calvarial deformity as a single set of projections in children with suspected craniosynostosis or skull fracture. Three-dimensional CT MIP may provide, in only eight views, all the required information to make the diagnosis of craniosynostosis and calvarial fracture extent currently requiring the combined information of 3D CT shaded surface displays and 2D axial CT images (a total of 58 views), and in some cases complementary skull radiographs. Three-dimensional MIP can be added to calvarial helical (spiral) CT imaging with only 5 minutes of additional postprocessing time.
Response of Leucaena leucocephala to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and rock phosphate fertilization in an Oxisol*

Response ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit to rock phosphate application and inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungusGlomus aggregatum (Schenck and Smith emend Koske) was evaluated in a pot experiment. VAM colonization increased as rock phosphate application increased. Using phosphorus concentration in pinnules as an indicator of VAM activity, significant VAM activity occurred at 25 days after planting at the lower levels of rock phosphate application (0, 0.34 and 0.68 g P kg−1). The time required for significant VAM activity was shortened by 5 days at the higher P levels (1.36, 2.72 and 5.44 g P kg−1). The highest VAM activity was associated with the highest rate of rock phosphate application.
Quantitative mitochondrial redox imaging of breast cancer metastatic potential

Predicting tumor metastatic potential remains a challenge in cancer research and clinical practice. Our goal was to identify novel biomarkers for differentiating human breast tumors with different metastatic potentials by imaging the in vivo mitochondrial redox states of tumor tissues. The more metastatic (aggressive) MDA-MB-231 and less metastatic (indolent) MCF-7 human breast cancer mouse xenografts were imaged with the low-temperature redox scanner to obtain multi-slice fluorescence images of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp). The nominal concentrations of NADH and Fp in tissue were measured using reference standards and used to calculate the Fp redox ratio, Fp(NADH+Fp). We observed significant core-rim differences, with the core being more oxidized than the rim in all aggressive tumors but not in the indolent tumors. These results are consistent with our previous observations on human melanoma mouse xenografts, indicating that mitochondrial redox imaging potentially provides sensitive markers for distinguishing aggressive from indolent breast tumor xenografts. Mitochondrial redox imaging can be clinically implemented utilizing cryogenic biopsy specimens and is useful for drug development and for clinical diagnosis of breast cancer.
Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and return to usual major activity in traumatically injured intensive care unit survivors

Objective To assess intensive care unit (ICU)/acute care service-delivery characteristics and pre-ICU factors as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and return to usual major activity after ICU admission for trauma.
Altered Maternal Calcium Homeostasis in Diabetic Pregnancy

Twenty-one diabetic gravidas were studied with serial measurements of serum concentrations of total and ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, albumin, and parathyroid hormone and plasma levels of calcitonin. Pregnant diabetics had significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations throughout pregnancy than did nondiabetics. They also had significantly lower parathyroid hormone levels after midpregnancy, because the progressive increase in parathyroid, hormone concentration observed in control subjects did not occur in diabetics. There was no significant difference between pregnant diabetics and nondiabetics in serum concentrations of total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, or albumin or in plasma levels of calcitonin.
Validation of Simulation Analysis Methods for the Schruben-Margolin Correlation-Induction Strategy

To analyze simulation experiments performed under the Schruben-Margolin strategy for assigning random number streams to individual runs, A. Nozari, S. Arnold, and C. Pegden developed special statistical methods for estimating a general linear metamodel that is, a regression model of a selected response variable expressed in terms of design variables regressors relevant to the target system. This paper describes a three-stage procedure for validating the use of these simulation analysis methods. Each stage of the validation procedure tests a key assumption about the behavior of the response across all points in the experimental design. The first stage checks for multivariate normality in the overall set of responses, the second stage checks for the Schruben-Margolin covariance structure among those responses, and the third stage checks for adequacy goodness of fit of the user-specified metamodel. To handle simulation experiments that display significant departures from the Schruben-Margolin covariance structure, we present alternative versions of the goodness-of-fit test and the follow-up analysis for the postulated metamodel that merely requires jointly normal responses. A numerical example illustrates the application of this validation procedure.