cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND DISPERSAL OF RANGE CATERPILLAR MOTHS, HEMILEUCA OLIVIAE (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE)

Le vol du saturniide H. o. Cockerell a surtout ete observe au crepuscule dans les prairies du Nouveau Mexique en 1979 et 1980. La periode restreinte de vol au cours de la soiree etait correlee aux basses temperatures qui favorisent sans doute le succes de l'accouplement. Les changements de temperature et de pression d'un jour a l'autre ont peu affecte le nombre de papillons volant. La plupart des femelles ont pondu dans un rayon de 10 m autour du site de leur emergence
Were the Ediacaran fossils lichens

Ediacaran fossils are taphonomically similar to impressions of fossil plants common in quartz sandstones, and the relief of the fossils suggests that they were as resistant to compaction during burial as some kinds of Pennsylvanian tree trunks. Fossils of jellyfish are known from siderite nodules and fine-grained limestone, and even in these compaction-resistant media were more compressed during burial than were the Vendobionta. Vendobionta were constructed of materials that responded to burial compaction in a way intermediate between conifer and lycopsid logs. This comparative taphonomic study thus falsifies the concept of Vendobionta as thin soft-bodied creatures such as worms and jellyfish.Lichens, with their structural chitin, present a viable model for the observed preservational style of Vendobionta, as well as for a variety of other features that now can be reassessed from this new perspective. The diversity of Ediacaran body plans can be compared with the variety of form in fungi, algae, and lichens. The large size (ca. 1 m) of some Ediacaran fossils is reasonable for sessile photosynthetic symbioses, and much bigger than associated burrows of metazoans not preserved. Microscopic tubular structures and darkly pigmented cells in permineralized late Precambrian fossils from Namibia and China are also compatible with interpretation as lichens. The presumed marine habitat of Ediacaran fossils is not crucial to interpretation as lichens, because fungi and lichens live in the sea as well as on land.
Effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on gonadotropin release in the rat.

To study the effect of blockade of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on gonadotropin release in the rat, inhibitors of PG synthesis were injected by various routes in various experimental conditions. The injection of 5-, 8-, 11-, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid (TYA) into the third ventricle (3rd V) significantly decreased plasma LH of ovariectomized (OVX) rats 1, 2, and 4 h following its injection; however, TYA failed to alter plasma LH in OVX rats when administered as a single sc injection and also failed to prevent the post-castration rise in plasma LH when administered sc once daily for 4 days to short-term OVX rats. None of these treatments altered plasma FSH concentrations. Indomethacin (Id) injected into the 3rd V or implanted into the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of OVX rats depressed plasma LH 1–6 h later. This effect was no longer observed 24–72 h following its implantation in the MBH. When different doses of Id were administered as single sc injections to OVX rats, plasma LH titers were depressed 24-32 ...
Biochemical Characterization of the Extracellular Phosphatases Produced by Phosphorus-Deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

We have examined the extracellular phosphatases produced by the terrestrial green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to phosphorus deprivation. Phosphorus-deprived cells increase extra-cellular alkaline phosphatase activity 300-fold relative to unstarved cells. The alkaline phosphatases are released into the medium by cell-wall-deficient strains and by wild-type cells after treatment with autolysin, indicating that they are localized to the periplasm. Anion-exchange chromatography and analysis by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that there are two major inducible alkaline phosphatases. A calcium-dependent enzyme composed of 190-kD glycoprotein subunits accounts for 85 to 95% of the Alkaline phosphatase activity. This phosphatase has optimal activity at pH 9.5 and a Km of 120 to 262 microns for all physiological substrates tested, with the exception of phytic acid, which it cleaved with a 50-fold lower efficiency. An enzyme with optimal activity at pH 9 and no requirement for divalent cations accounts for 2 to 10% of the alkaline phosphatase activity. This phosphatase was only able to efficiently hydrolyze arylphosphates. The information reported here, in conjunction with the results of previous studies, defines the complement of extracellular phosphatases produced by phosphorus-deprived Chlamydomonas cells.
Prospective analysis of the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in bariatric surgery patients

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE), manifest as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus, remains an important complication in bariatric operation patients. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of VTE in a consecutive series of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to guide appropriate therapy. Methods We prospectively examined a consecutive series of RYGB patients with bilateral lower-extremity venous duplex scan (DS) preoperatively, on postoperative day (POD)#2, and approximately POD#14. Preoperative clinical information including history of VTE, intraoperative data, postoperative course, and complications were recorded. Heparin 5,000 U subcutaneously was administered before the operation and every 12 hours throughout hospitalization along with sequential compression devices. Ambulation was instituted on POD#1. Temporary caval filters were placed in patients with a history of VTE. Results A total of 106 patients were examined. Body mass index was 51 ± 8 kg/m2 (range, 40–73 kg/m2). Laparoscopic RYGB was performed in 75%. Hospital length of stay was 2.5 ± 0.6 days. One hundred patients had no history of VTE; none had a positive DS preoperatively or on POD#2. One patient had a positive POD#14 DS and a second patient had a superficial thrombophlebitis, but a negative DS for DVT (both patients were symptomatic). Six patients had a prior history of VTE; all underwent preoperative placement of a temporary caval filter. Of these 6 patients, 1 developed a new postoperative DVT and another patient had thrombus on the caval filter with a negative lower-extremity DS. Conclusions Occult DVT was not observed preoperatively in RYGB patients, suggesting that routine preoperative DS is not necessary in the absence of VTE history. Prophylaxis of heparin and sequential compression devices appears satisfactory in preventing DVT with only a 1% incidence in patients with no prior history of VTE. Two of the 6 patients with prior history of VTE showed evidence of thrombus postoperatively. Although a small number of patients, this finding suggests that a caval filter should be placed preoperatively in RYGB patients with a history of VTE.
Activation by Inflammatory Stimuli Increases Neutrophil Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Subsequent Infection of Lymphocytes

Resting neutrophils bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and efficiently transfer infection to lymphocytes. The present study shows that a brief activation by inflammatory stimuli increases the neutrophil binding levels of both R5 and X4 isolates of HIV-1 at least twofold. The binding occurs independently of CD4, gp120, and incubation temperature and is observed with HIV-1 propagated either in lymphocytes or in HEK293 cells. Significantly, HIV-1 bound to the activated neutrophils accelerates the infection of activated lymphocytes compared to free HIV-1 or to HIV-1 bound to resting neutrophils. It is proposed that these events may contribute to the increased risk of HIV-1 transmission at sites of mucosal infection.
Signaling of phosphorus deficiency‐induced gene expression in white lupin requires sugar and phloem transport

*Summary Roots of phosphorus (P)-deficient white lupin exhibit striking changes in morphology and gene expression. In this report we provide further insight into genetic elements affecting transcription of P-deficiency-induced genes. Moreover, we also show that sugars and photosynthates are integrally related to P-deficiency-induced gene expression. White lupin phosphate transporter (LaPT1) and secreted acid phosphatase (LaSAP1) promoter-reporter genes when transformed into alfalfa, a heterologous legume, showed significant induction in roots specifically in response to P-deficiency. In addition, both promoters were active in nitrogen-fixing root nodules but not in ineffective nodules indicating a link between P-deficiency and factors related to nitrogen fixation/metabolism. As sugars play a role in signal transduction during nitrogen assimilation and are required for effective nitrogen fixation, we tested the relationship of sugars to P-deficiency-induced gene expression. Exogenous sucrose, glucose, and fructose stimulated LaPT1 and LaSAP1 transcript accumulation in darkgrown P-sufficient white lupin seedlings. Furthermore, in intact P-deficient white lupin plants, LaPT1 and LaSAP1 expression in cluster roots was strikingly reduced in dark-adapted plants with expression rapidly restored upon reexposure to light. Likewise, interruption of phloem supply to P-deficient roots resulted in a rapid decline in LaPT1 and LaSAP1 transcript accumulation. Similar results were also obtained with a third lupin P-deficiency-induced gene encoding a putative multidrug and toxin efflux protein (LaMATE). Taken together, our data show that the regulation of P-deficiency-induced genes is conserved across plant species and sugars/photosynthates are crucial for P-deficiency signal transduction.
Combined effects of atmospheric CO 2 and N availability on the belowground carbon and nitrogen dynamics of aspen mesocosms

It is uncertain whether elevated atmospheric CO2 will increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems without concomitant increases in plant access to N. Elevated CO2 may alter microbial activities that regulate soil N availability by changing the amount or composition of organic substrates produced by roots. Our objective was to determine the potential for elevated CO2 to change N availability in an experimental plant-soil system by affecting the acquisition of root-derived C by soil microbes. We grew Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) cuttings for 2 years under two levels of atmospheric CO2 (36.7 and 71.5 Pa) and at two levels of soil N (210 and 970 µg N g-1). Ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations were applied using open-top chambers, and soil N availability was manipulated by mixing soils differing in organic N content. From June to October of the second growing season, we measured midday rates of soil respiration. In August, we pulse-labeled plants with 14CO2 and measured soil 14CO2 respiration and the 14C contents of plants, soils, and microorganisms after a 6-day chase period. In conjunction with the August radio-labeling and again in October, we used 15N pool dilution techniques to measure in situ rates of gross N mineralization, N immobilization by microbes, and plant N uptake. At both levels of soil N availability, elevated CO2 significantly increased whole-plant and root biomass, and marginally increased whole-plant N capital. Significant increases in soil respiration were closely linked to increases in root biomass under elevated CO2. CO2 enrichment had no significant effect on the allometric distribution of biomass or 14C among plant components, total 14C allocation belowground, or cumulative (6-day) 14CO2 soil respiration. Elevated CO2 significantly increased microbial 14C contents, indicating greater availability of microbial substrates derived from roots. The near doubling of microbial 14C contents at elevated CO2 was a relatively small quantitative change in the belowground C cycle of our experimental system, but represents an ecologically significant effect on the dynamics of microbial growth. Rates of plant N uptake during both 6-day periods in August and October were significantly greater at elevated CO2, and were closely related to fine-root biomass. Gross N mineralization was not affected by elevated CO2. Despite significantly greater rates of N immobilization under elevated CO2, standing pools of microbial N were not affected by elevated CO2, suggesting that N was cycling through microbes more rapidly. Our results contained elements of both positive and negative feedback hypotheses, and may be most relevant to young, aggrading ecosystems, where soil resources are not yet fully exploited by plant roots. If the turnover of microbial N increases, higher rates of N immobilization may not decrease N availability to plants under elevated CO2.
A parameter-dependent Lyapunov approach for the control of nonstationary and hybrid LPV systems

The paper presents a parameter-dependent Lyapunov approach for the control of nonstationary and hybrid linear-parameter varying (LPV) systems. The work is motivated by the challenges encountered in controlling nonlinear systems about aggressive trajectories, specifically pre-specified eventually periodic ones.
Mexican-Origin Adolescent Mothers' Stressors and Psychosocial Functioning: Examining Ethnic Identity Affirmation and Familism as Moderators.

Mexican-origin adolescent mothers are at increased risk for poor psychosocial functioning as a result of various stressors with which they must contend; however, existing theory suggests that cultural strengths may help mitigate the negative effects of stress. As such, the current study examined the associations between cultural and economic stressors and Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ (N = 207; M age = 16.23 years, SD = 1.0) internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as the degree to which ethnic identity affirmation and familism values moderated these links. Adolescent mothers who reported higher levels of discrimination, acculturative stress, and economic stress also reported higher depressive symptoms and greater involvement in risky behaviors. Importantly, ethnic identity affirmation minimized the negative associations between cultural stressors and adolescents’ involvement in risky behaviors, with the associations being weakest among adolescents with high levels of ethnic identity. Familism appeared to serve a protective function under conditions of low levels of discrimination, but not under conditions of high levels of discrimination. Findings are discussed with special attention to the developmental and cultural contexts in which these adolescent mothers’ lives are embedded, and implications for future research and practice are presented.
Swiss Neutrality Examined: Model, Exception or Both?

Neutrality is a difficult position to maintain in a hostile international system. Switzerland is often seen as a successful case of neutrality, managing to both remain neutral and avoid conflict for centuries. This paper examines the possible reasons for the success of Swiss neutrality. It also positions the Swiss experience in comparison to other neutral states. Building upon and consolidating previous research and thought, we define three attributes that allow the Swiss to successfully maintain their neutrality. First is the armed deterrent worked into the national culture; armed neutrality is not just a policy position but a way of life for many Swiss. Second is the idea of Swiss neutrality as a collective good in that Switzerland is a safe haven for humanitarian and diplomatic exchanges. Finally the Swiss benefit from a history of neutrality that has been enshrined into international law and custom. We conclude by noting that the experience of Swiss neutrality is not normal, rather it is a successful outlier that has succeeded in preserving its status in times of war and peace. Moreover, we posit that exploring the reasons for its success can help us understand neutrality better and also the potential of small state foreign policy. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Detecting and modeling local text reuse

Texts propagate through many social networks and provide evidence for their structure. We describe and evaluate efficient algorithms for detecting clusters of reused passages embedded within longer documents in large collections. We apply these techniques to two case studies: analyzing the culture of free reprinting in the nineteenth-century United States and the development of bills into legislation in the U.S. Congress. Using these divergent case studies, we evaluate both the efficiency of the approximate local text reuse detection methods and the accuracy of the results. These techniques allow us to explore how ideas spread, which ideas spread, and which subgroups shared ideas.
Why Feature Featured Research

ersity 8195. This issue of the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography (JASE) features a “featured research” article by Drs. Marielle SchererCrosbie and Helene Thibault. A little background may be helpful for some readers who may ask themselves the following questions: Why is JASE featuring featured research? What’s the big deal about the Feigenbaum Lecture? In 1999, then-President Harry Rakowski, MD, FASE decided that it was appropriate for the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) to bestow several new awards during the ASE Annual Scientific Sessions. Perhaps the most prestigious of these awards is that of the Feigenbaum Lecturer. This award is made in tribute to Harvey Feigenbaum, MD, FASE, founding president of ASE and also founding editor of JASE. While Dr. Feigenbaum’s contributions to the field of echocardiography are too numerous to recount and also familiar to all who read this journal, one of his most important and lasting contributions has been selected as a role model andmentor for young investigators who have shared his passion for the power of echocardiography and its importance to patient care. Fittingly, the Feigenbaum Lecture provides an opportunity to honor a young investigator who has made significant and sustained contributions to research in echocardiography. Each year since the inception of the Feigenbaum Lecture, the ASE Nominations Committee has reviewed the credentials of nominees, considering a number of issues including the major theme(s) of the individuals’ research, their research productivity, their skills and experience at presenting in front of plenary sessions, and the strength of peer recommendations. In my opinion, the choices of investigators who have been selected as Feigenbaum Lecturers have been uniformly superb. A list of those individuals selected as Feigenbaum Lecturers, and the topics of their lectures, can be found on the ASE website. Awardees have included Thomas R. Porter, MD; Sherif F. Nagueh, MD; Flordeliza S. Villanueva, MD; Thomas H. Marwick, MD, PhD; Mario J. Garcia, MD; Kevin S. Wei, MD; Jonathan R. Lindner, MD; Marielle Schcrrer-Crosbie, MD, PhD; and Teresa S. M. Tsang, MD. I have been fortunate to attend each of their lectures, and every one of them has been exceptional. The Feigenbaum Lecturers were selected specifically for the importance of their body of work, their expertise and comprehensive knowledge of the topic, and their mastery of teaching. I came away from the experience of listening to each of the lectures feeling not only excited to have been able to benefit from the insights that were shared, but also disappointed that more echocardiographers and sonographers were not able to have this experience themselves. In this issue of the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography (JASE), we are delighted to include an article by Dr. Marielle ScherrerCrosbie and her associate Dr. Helene Thibault. Their paper, “Echocardiography in Translational Research – of Mice and Men”, is based on the
A field theory for composite particles (Hadrons) — II

Field theories of quarks (QCD) have been found to be difficult to handle. A major component of the trouble is the confining nature of strong interactions. Hence, it is proposed that the confinement of quarks in hadrons be treated as a direct interaction. But scattering interactions between hadrons can still be via fields. This requires that the total hadron wave function with directly interacting component quarks be second-quantized. A simple case of spin-zero quarks is described before the discussion of spin-half quarks. Such a theory is ideal for hadron phenomenology. But there is also a possibility that it might develop into a more fundamental theory. In that case it could improve the understanding of the existing theory of QCD.
On Enchanted Soil: Ritual, Ecology and Social Change in Central Nigeria 1600 - 1900

Paper abstract: This paper investigates changes in the ritual ecology among people in the Nigerian hinterland during the period of the Atlantic Age and era of Columbian Exchange. Changes in the agricultural systems did not only affect the hinterland economically but changed the material basis of the ritual-political order in the polities and of the ritual networks in the hinterland in this period. Based on case studies the paper demonstrates how foreign crops came to be integrated into existing economic, ritual and political systems and evaluates the socio-cultural aspects of these changes at the time when major population shifts in the central Sudan affected the Niger-Confluence region. In addition this study will also take account of climatic shifts, which were ongoing in the Sahel and Savanna region during this time period, and suggests what effects these shifts may have had on the choices families and communities made regarding the adoption and integration of foreign crops into their nutrition and life.
Equal Educational Opportunity, Hollow Victories, and the Demise of School Finance Equity Theory: An Empirical Perspective

This paper considers the efficacy of judicial efforts to address constitutional concerns relating to the equal educational opportunity doctrine through school finance litigation from an empirical perspective. Specifically, a technique common in the econometric literature (interrupted time-series analysis) is used to assess the impact of successful early school finance equity court decisions and, in particular, their relation to changes in state educational spending levels. No independent, positive relation between successful court decisions and increased state educational spending is found. That is, even successful equity school finance lawsuits did not alter educational spending in ways most likely sought by plaintiffs. These results at once help explain the relatively recent (1989) shift in school finance litigation theory (from equity to adequacy) and, more generally, underscore the complex and understudied relation between court decisions and educational policy as well as legal impact. The results suggest that although early successful equity-based school finance lawsuits might yield some important direct and indirect effects, one commonly sought after (and assumed) direct effect -- increased educational spending -- was not detected.
Formulating, Testing, and Evaluating Principles of Morality in Sport: An Overview of Robert L. Simon’s Contributions to the Philosophy of Sport

It is an honor and a pleasure to offer an essay on Robert L. Simon’s vast range of contributions to the philosophy of sport over more than three decades. Such honor and pleasure are multiplied when...
Fabrication of 3D metal dot arrays by geometrically structured dynamic shadowing lithography.

Sphere lithography (SL), sometimes erroneously generalized as nanosphere lithography (NSL), stands out as a versatile technique capable of producing 2D periodic micro- and nanostructures with gener...
Mechanisms of Epilepsy

The prevailing theories of epileptogenesis are reviewed from the Departments of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, and the University of California San Francisco, CA.
Supporting information management in ICU rounding a novel mobile system for managing patient-centered notes and action-items

Team rounds on patients in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) results in the generation of several paper-based and digital notes. Paper-based notes, although short-lived, act as translational artifacts that help organize and coordinate patient information and care. Maintaining double records of paper and digital notes can introduce several awareness and coordination problems such as contextually situating clinicians as to a patient's on-going care. Based on the design requirements derived from our fieldwork, we propose a new technology, PANI (Patient-centered Notes and Information Manager). PANI is a clinical tool that integrates the use of a mobile application, paper-based artifacts, and a wearable device (such as FitBit) in one system to support the management of notes and action-items that are generated throughout a typical ICU clinical shift. In this paper, we present the functional design of PANI and our preliminary findings of a participatory study that included 15 clinician participants.
A Simple Method for Use in QC of CT for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning

A simple procedure for monitoring constancy of spatial measurement and CT number determination from CT images used in radiation therapy treatment planning is described. The procedure uses low-Z material rods glued to the underside of the CT table insert and does not require a special phantom. Measurements are made on the same patient images used for treatment planning. Deviations from predetermined baseline values outside quality control limits of +/- 2 mm in spatial resolution and +/- 20 CT numbers in density can be detected with a confidence level of 97% or better.
Surface Evaluation and Perturbation with Uniform Shape Parameters

β1 and β2 have been assumed to be uniform shape parameters, each assuming a single value over the entire curve. This assumption can be exploited to efficiently evaluate a Beta-spline curve. Observe that all the coefficient functions have a constant denominator of δ. Thus, all the divisions can be performed prior to the actual computation of the Beta-spline basis functions. The following algorithm evaluates the basis functions at p + 1 given values of the domain parameter u, for a given value of each uniform shape parameter, β1 and β2, and requires 7 + 9(p + 1) multiplications, 12 + 2 + 9(p + 1) additions/subtractions, and 8 divisions.
All reviews are not the same: A systematic review on requesting skills and speech generating devices is undone by serious methodological issues

Still, K., Rehfeldt, R. A., Whelan, R., May, R., & Dymond, S. (2014). Facilitating requesting skills using high-tech augmentative and alternative communication devices with individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8, 1184–1199. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.003Source of funding and declaration of interests: This systematic review was funded by a grant from Autism Speaks (#8049). The original authors did not report if there were any conflicts of interest.
Modeling and simulation of a vector-controlled synchronous machine in motoring and generating mode

A vector-controlled permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous machine has been modeled and simulated in both the motoring and generating mode of operation. The control provides for the maximized torque and, therefore, maximum efficiency during motoring, and for a controlled power, tight voltage regulation in the presence of load changes, and minimum bus voltage ripple at the output of an ac-dc converter during generation. A three-phase phase-locked loop is used to provide the unity vector information in both the sensor-based and sensorless scheme. The results of the simulation are presented, including modeling details and simulation parameters
Environmental identity and community support for the preservation of open space

The preservation of open space, preserved or minimally developed stretches of land, is a pressing issue facing many United States’ communities. This paper examines one United States township’s attempts to preserve open space. Most residents surveyed (96 percent) approved of preserving open space, and most homeowners (73 percent) were willing to pay increased property taxes for preservation. Strong identification with nature and the township were associated with willingness to pay higher taxes. Respondents also rated the importance of qualities afforded by preserving open space. Valuing qualities of open spaces related to preserving its present state (e.g., preserving ecology and historical places) and following already established plans mediated relations between residents’ identification with nature and the township and their willingness to pay to preserve open space. Qualities that increase human access to the space (e.g., recreation and accessibility) did not show the same mediational relations. These results suggest that psychological identification with nature and the community play important roles in pro-environmental support. Both the practical and theoretical contributions of this research are discussed.
Scalable routing in hybrid cellular and ad-hoc networks

As wireless ad-hoc networking approaches its maturity, an architecture that can support the massive deployment of such networks has not been established. Hybrid networks are a promising architecture that builds ad hoc wireless networks around the existing cellular telephony infrastructure. We present a routing protocol (DST) for hybrid networks that maintains a close to optimal spanning tree of the network with the use of distributed topology trees. DST is fully dynamic and generates only O(log n) messages per update operation. We demonstrate experimentally that the performance of DST scales excellently with the network size and activity, making it ideal for the metropolitan environment hybrid networks are expected to operate in.
The Prevalence of Military Sexual Trauma: A Meta-Analysis:

Due to methodological heterogeneity, the exact prevalence of military sexual trauma (MST) is unknown. To elucidate our understanding of the pervasiveness of this important social issue, a meta-analysis was conducted. A computerized database search in PsycINFO, PubMed, and PILOTS revealed 584 unique citations for review. Of these identified studies, 69 met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The results revealed that 15.7% of military personnel and veterans report MST (3.9% of men, 38.4% of women) when the measure includes both harassment and assault. Additionally, 13.9% report MST (1.9% of men, 23.6% of women) when the measure assesses only assault and 31.2% report MST (8.9% of men, 52.5% of women) when the measure assesses only harassment. Regardless of the type of victimization incident (i.e., harassment or assault), women evidenced significantly larger prevalence rates compared to men. Self-report measure and interviews were associated with higher prevalence rates than the review of veterans affair (VA) medical records when measuring both harassment and assault and only harassment. No significant differences were observed among prevalence rates based on VA, non-VA, or both VA and non-VA recruitment. Ultimately, the findings suggest that MST is a pervasive problem, among both men and women in the military, highlighting the importance of this line of research.
Effect of Chemotherapy Treatment on Fetal-Maternal Microchimerism in Parous Cancer Patients.

Abstract Fetal-maternal microchimerism [MC] is a benign condition arising from cross-trafficking of circulating cells between the fetus and the mother during gestation. It is known that MC persists for decades post-partum. The reported incidence of MC is 33% in normal parous women, but the MC status of cancer patients has not been examined. We have completed our study of 200 parous cancer patients, using a sensitive two-round PCR technique with nested primer sets specific for the Y-chromosome specific sequence, DSY14, to detect male DNA in blood samples from female patients. Exhaustive analysis of samples from parous cancer patients gave a frequency of 34% MC+ [68 of 200], which is significantly lower than the 57% MC+ [114 of 200] we found in normal parous women [p When we separated the untreated patients from each population, we found that only 25% [3 of 12] untreated patients with hematologic malignancies were MC, whereas 32% of untreated solid tumor patients were MC+ [12 of 38; p=.66, ns]. Therapy appeared to increase the frequency of MC in hematologic patients to 52% [25 of 48; p=.09, ns], but MC was essentially unaffected in solid tumor patients [27%, 28 of 104; p = .18, ns]. The difference between treated solid tumor patients and those with hematologic malignancies was significant [p=.0001]. Thus, one side effect of chemotherapy may be to increase MC in hematologic malignancy, but in solid tumor patients, MC is not affected. The reason for the increased MC in treated hematologic patients in unclear, but we speculate the reduced frequency in untreated patients is due to dilution by the malignant clone, and that chemotherapy restores the normal balance of blood cells in these patients. The reason for reduced MC in solid tumor patients is also not obvious, as DNA yields are roughly equivalent between the two groups of cancer patients. Further analysis of the data is underway to see if an underlying cause can be determined.
THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE SORTING TABLE: E. P. THOMPSON AND WORKERS IN INDUSTRIALIZING EUROPE AND SOUTHERN AFRICA *

The most compelling aspect of E. P. Thompson's work for labor historian of Southern Africa is his contention that class is a fluent group relationship or ‘happening’ – something workers do, in addition to what employers and the state impose upon them. However, by the 1970s, Thompson recognized that his earlier claim also had to resonate with other key assumptions about working class aspirations; especially the need of a shared group consciousness to be more meaningful for individuals than the laws of the state. The principal weakness of Thompson's for African historians, however, is the absence of a more explicit discussion about the demise of the English peasantry in his work.
Who Wants to Read This?: A Method for Measuring Topical Representativeness in User Generated Content Systems

This methods paper details an approach for identifying the representativeness of content in a user generated content (UGC) system while also accounting for endogeneity bias. We leverage metadata from an independent content provider to generate sets of commercially viable terms presumed to be of interest to specific audiences linking those terms to UGC. We describe our method and heuristics at a level of detail allowing others to follow or modify it to study both content representativeness and content gaps in UGC systems. We illustrate the method by investigating how well the English language Wikipedia addresses the content interests of four sample audiences: readers of men's and women's periodicals, and readers of political periodicals geared toward either liberal or conservative ideologies. We also share preliminary findings from each case study to demonstrate our method.
Needle electromyography Fundamentals, normal and abnormal patterns

The needle electromyographic (EMG) examination is a challenging component of the electrophysiologic study. Knowledge of anatomy and physiology, sound EMG technique, and good patient rapport are required. Every muscle sampled by needle EMG is assessed for insertional activity, spontaneous activity, and voluntary motor-unit action potentials. Key pieces of information obtained from the needle EMG examination include the localization of the disorder, its chronicity, severity, and whether or not the underlying pathophysiology is neuropathic, myopathic, or associated with a neuromuscular junction disorder.
Metallic ion leaching from heterogeneous catalysts: an overlooked effect in the study of catalytic ozonation processes

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has been increasingly studied for the degradation and mineralization of refractory organic water pollutants in recent years. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, an important advantage of heterogeneous catalysts is that they can be easily separated from the treated water, making the process economically viable. While many studies have focused on the development and evaluation of metal oxide-based catalytic ozonation, possible leaching of metal ions and the subsequent effect on the contaminants' degradation are sometimes overlooked. Here, we examined metal leaching from several solid catalysts and further investigated the influence of the leached metal ions on the mineralization of two model compounds (oxalate and nitrobenzene) during continuous ozonation. Metallic ion leaching was observed from both commercially-available catalysts and catalysts prepared via wet-chemistry methods in the lab. The water matrix has been demonstrated to play an important role in metal leaching. The homogeneous catalytic effect resulting from the leached metal ions was found to be significant. A mechanism involving the formation of an unstable Cu(III)/oxalate complex through the reaction between ˙OH and Cu(II)/oxalate was proposed to explain the experimental observations. Our results indicate that the stability of the solid catalysts and the effects of the leached ions must be carefully examined during the catalytic ozonation of organic contaminants. Through this study we highlight the importance of rigorous, accepted protocols for evaluating and reporting heterogeneous catalyst performance in water/wastewater treatment within the research community.
A comprehensive optimization study on Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric generators using the Taguchi method

Low-grade waste heat recovery is a promising source of renewable energy; however, there are practical challenges in the recovery process. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are a viable solution, but their efficiency remains low, thereby limiting their implementation. The performance of TEGs can be enhanced by optimizing the module configuration; however, optimizing all the parameters experimentally using traditional experimental techniques will require several trials, and therefore, it is cumbersome and expensive. Here, we demonstrate the Taguchi method for optimizing TEG modules and demonstrate that full optimization can be achieved in just 25 experiments. The optimization has been achieved in four stages. In the first stage, a numerical model of thermoelectricity is developed and used in the second stage to optimize key geometric parameters of TEGs through the Taguchi method. In the third stage, the Taguchi method is used to optimize the geometric dimensions of the heat sink. Lastly, in the fourth stage, the effect of operating conditions on the performance of TEGs is investigated. The results reveal that the Taguchi method is capable of predicting the near-optimal configuration of TEGs.
Difference between Methods for Estimation of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Composition in Pediatric Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a bone disease characterized by bone fragility, deformities, and multiple fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the different methods of measuring the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition (BC) in pediatric patients with OI. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 52 individuals with a median age of 9 (5.25-12.7) years. BMR was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA), predictive values according to age from the World Health Organization (WHO), a kcal/cm formula, and indirect calorimetry (IC). BC was assessed using the anthropometric calculation of percentage body fat (%BF) and lean mass (kg), BIA, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Agreement among the methods was assessed using the Bland-Altman technique. RESULTS IC estimates of BMR were greater than BIA and lower than values obtained using the WHO and kcal/cm methods. Better agreement was observed using the WHO values for mild forms of OI and the kcal/cm formula for moderate-to-severe forms. For BC, DEXA estimates of %BF were higher and the lean mass was lower than the values obtained using BIA and anthropometry. Neither method agreed with the DEXA method results. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences exist among the various methods used for measuring BMR and BC with regard to phenotypic differences between OI types.
SDN-Based Application Driven In-Band Adaptive Coding in Data Centers

A software-defined adaptive coding scheme is experimentally implemented and evaluated for 50 Gbps 4-PAM optical switching in wavelength-routing DCs. Up to 1 dB reduction in transmission power is achieved with switching latencies of hundreds of milliseconds.
Some effects of artificial media upon glycolysis in rat platelets.

The effect of artificial media upon glycolysis of rat platelets was studied. Isotonic saline did not support glycolytic activity in platelets because of its acid pH. Although buffering the media to pH 7.4 established platelet glycolysis, the choice of buffer affected the results. Tris buffer or 25 mM phosphate buffer did not alter glucose consumption, lactate production, or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in platelets from that observed when platelets were incubated in plasma. However, use of 75 mM phosphate buffer produced significant increases in both glucose consumption and lactate production by platelets. A more marked effect was associated with imidazole which not only increased glucose consumption and lactate production but also accelerated the loss of platelet ATP.
Media power and public mental health policy.

The author describes the functions of the news media and their influence on public mental health policy making. News media functions are divided into the categories ofselecting the news, reporting information, serving as a channel of communication, presenting views and opinions, and legitimizing the issues. These functions are illustrated by focusing on a highly publicized New York City policy to involuntarily hospitalize mentally ill homeless people living in the streets. Strategies are suggested to mental health professionals on how to effectively interact with the news media. (AmJ Psychiatry 1989; 146:1185-1189) I n the United States today, few people have to be convinced of the power of the media in influencing public opinion and social change. Indeed, the media shape attitudes, sell political candidates, and interact with the public constantly. The power of the media, particularly the news media, has been concentrated in newspapers, radio, and television. These news media have a decisive impact on the formulation and legitimization of public policy. Simply being discredited by the news media is often enough to taint public officials and delegitimize public policies, no matter how solidly planned or socially valuable (1). Policy making is a dynamic process that requires interaction and play of power among different advocate and interest groups; the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government; public bureaucracies; and the news media. Because psychiatry often deals with serious social problems that are substantially af
The Social Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship

(1988). The Social Costs of Immigrant Entrepreneurship. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 119-128.
Hepatobiliary Dysfunction and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Increase Risk of Mortality in Pediatric Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Objectives:Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis poses significant challenges due to limited tools to guide clinical decisions in a population at high risk of death. We sought to assess whether disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatobiliary dysfunction, significant comorbidities seen in criti
Dealing with Systemic Sovereign Debt Crises: Fiscal Consolidation, Bail-Ins, or Bail-Outs?

The paper presents a tractable model to understand how international financial institutions (IFIs) should deal with the sovereign debt crisis of a systemic country, in which case private creditors’ bail-ins entail international spillovers. We use the model to solve for the optimal combination between fiscal consolidation, bail-ins, and bail-outs to restore debt sustainability. For non-systemic countries, only fiscal consolidation and bail-ins should be used, based on an ex-post assessment of their relative costs. Systemic crises raise significant new challenges. First, to reduce the spillovers associated with bail-ins, IFIs should be able to provide bail-outs. Second, to contain the moral hazard effects of bail-outs, IFIs should operate under a binding crisis-resolution framework that limits the provision of bail-outs to highly systemic countries, coupled with more stringent fiscal consolidation requirements.
Pregnancy after breast cancer: Results from a prospective cohort study.

10065Background: Prospective data regarding fertility and pregnancy after breast cancer are limited. Many young survivors are interested future fertility, but pregnancy rates among women attempting...
Strategic action: Community engagement professionals as institutional change leaders

This research study analyzed the role of CEPs in strategic planning processes by examining the use of the civic action plan (Campus Compact, 2018). To ascertain whether institution-wide planning efforts around civic and community engagement create new opportunities for CEPs to take on institutional leadership roles, we interviewed CEPs who were involved in creating civic action plans at their campuses and examined their role in plan development, the competencies most utilized in that process, and the most important support for building competencies and framing the change process. These interviews gave new insights into how strategic planning processes have contributed to the growth, development, and elevation of the role of CEPs on campus and the types of support structures they found valuable. The conclusions will inform future planning work by CEPs and support for that work by organizations. We make preliminary recommendations for change, process accountability, development, and future research.
Thinning Faster? Age-Related Cortical Thickness Differences in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Abstract Background Over the course of the last 30 years, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses have increased, thus identifying a large group of aging individuals with ASD. Currently, little is known regarding how aging will affect these individual's neuroanatomy, compared to the neurotypical (NT) population. Because of the anatomical overlap of ASD-related cortical pathology and age-related cortical thinning, both following an anterior-to-posterior severity gradient, we hypothesize adults with ASD will show larger age-related cortical thinning than NT adults. Methods We analyzed cortical measurements using available data from the multi-site Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I; n = 282) and our own cohort of middle-age to older adults with and without ASD (n = 47) mostly available in ABIDE II (n = 35). We compared correlations between cortical measures and age in right-handed adults with ASD (n = 157) and similar NT adults (n = 172), controlling for IQ and site. Participants were 18–64 years of age (mean = 29.8 years; median = 26 years). Results We found significant differences between diagnosis groups in the relationship between age and cortical thickness for areas of left frontal lobe (pars opercularis), temporal lobe (inferior gyrus, middle gyrus, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, and entorhinal cortex), parietal lobe (inferior gyrus), and lateral occipital lobe. For all areas, adults with ASD showed a greater negative correlation between age and cortical thickness than NT adults. Conclusion As hypothesized, adults with ASD demonstrated exacerbated age-related cortical thinning, compared to NT adults. These differences were the largest and most extensive in the left temporal lobe. Future longitudinal work is warranted to investigate whether differences in brain age trajectories will translate to unique behavioral needs in older adults with ASD.