cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene as sex pheromone components of a grass looper, Mocis disseverans (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

In trapping tests in the field, male Mocis disseverans (Walker) were preferentially attracted to a 2:98 load ratio of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and not to ratios reported to be the female sex pheromone of velvetbean caterpillar moth, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, or of forage looper moth, Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer). Similar ratios of these two compounds were consistently found in extracts of abdominal glands of M. disseverans females. It was concluded that these compounds are part of the sex pheromone of M. disseverans.
Nanosphere-in-a-Nanoshell: A Simple Nanomatryushka†

Spherically concentric nanoparticles, composed of a silica-coated gold nanosphere surrounded by a gold shell layer, possess highly geometrically tunable optical resonances in a compact, sub-100 nm ...
Stabilization of high nitrile polymers. II. Effects of metal ions and oxygen on the stabilization reaction of dienophiles

The color stability of high nitrile polymers is increased by dienophilic stabilizers; however, the stabilization reaction is greatly affected by the presence of residual metal ions. This effect is correlated with electronegativity considerations of the metal ion. Metal ions affect the stability of the polymer whether they are used to coagulate the latex or postadded to the dry resin. Coagulation with group IIA metal ions results in polymer capable of stabilization by dienophiles. The mechanisms of stabilization and degradation in the presence of residual metals are discussed.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM-PITUITARY RELATIONSHIP: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE CAUSE OF LUTEOTRO- PHIN SECRETION AND THE CAUSE OF FOLLICULAR QUIESCENCE DURING LACTATION; THE BASIS FOR A TENTATIVE THEORY OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM-PITUITARY RELATIONSHIP IN THE RAT1

The regulation of pituitary luteotrophin (LTH) secretion was studied by in-vestigating a) the association between LTH secretion and follicular quiescence in lactating rats, and b) the maintenance of lactation in rats bearing denervated pituitaries. Follicular quiescence was not due to an LTH effect on the ovary, since a) exogenous LTH did not alter the mouse uterine weight response to exogenous folliculotrophins (FSH and LH; abbreviated as FTH), nor the ovarian autograft response of castrated rats to endogenous FTH, and b) pseudopregnant and lactating rats' ovaries responded to exogenous FTH as well as those of C3rcling rats. That follicular quiescence was therefore probablj' due to FTH suppression was confirmed by the following. Ovarian autografts in castrated lactators with large litters grew much less than did those of castrated post-parturient rats deprived of their litters. Castration did not increase the pituitary FTH potency of lactators nursing large litters. That FTH suppression was proportional ...
Maximum Achievable Capacity in Airborne MIMO Communications with Arbitrary Alignments of Linear Transceiver Antenna Arrays

In this paper, the capacity of airborne multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems with arbitrary alignments of linear transmit and receive antenna arrays is systematically analyzed and the maximum achievable capacity is determined. Based on a general three-dimensional (3D) airborne MIMO communication model, we are able to approximate the airborne MIMO capacity as a function of the transmit and receive antenna array geometry in the 3D space. The capacity approximation is asymptotically tight as the distance between the transmit and receive antenna arrays large compared to their size. Based on the asymptotically tight capacity approximation, we derive an upper bound as well as a lower bound of the airborne MIMO capacity. Interestingly, both the upper and lower bounds are achievable. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for airborne MIMO communication systems to achieve the capacity upper bound for any given 3D transceiver antenna array geometry. The necessary and sufficient condition allows us to properly select the system parameters and design airborne MIMO communication systems that reach the best possible performance in terms of system capacity. We prove that when the distance between the transmit and receive antenna arrays is within a certain range, there exists a set of system parameter values (e.g. antenna element separation) for which the capacity of the MIMO communication system achieves the theoretical upper bound and this capacity value is larger than the average capacity of the corresponding conventional MIMO communication system under Rayleigh fading. Finally, we prove that the airborne MIMO capacity converges to the capacity lower bound when the distance between the transmit and receive antenna arrays goes to infinity. Extensive numerical studies included in this paper illustrate and validate our theoretical developments.
REACTIONS OF RABBITS TO INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF PNEUMOCOCCI AND THEIR PRODUCTS VII. THE RELATION OF HYPERSENSITIVENESS TO LESIONS IN THE LUNGS OF RABBITS INFECTED WITH PNEUMOCOCCI

1. The intratracheal injection of egg albumin or pneumococcus protein induces an inflammatory reaction in the lungs of rabbits previously inoculated with the respective antigen. 2. A similar reaction occurs following intratracheal injection of pneumococcus protein into the lungs of rabbits previously inoculated with heat-killed suspensions of the bacteria. 3. This reaction appears to be related to the presence of circulating antibody and to have the nature of the Arthus reaction. 4. A study of the reaction of the lung of rabbits to infection caused by intravenous injections of Pneumococcus reveals that (a) reactions occur irregularly in the lung; (b) in the lungs in which reactions do occur, the histological changes are not different in normal rabbits and in rabbits made resistant by previous intravenous or intracutaneous injections of pneumococci. 5. Intratracheal injection of pneumococcus protein followed by intravenous injection of virulent pneumococci on the next day does not alter the course and character of the infection in resistant rabbits. 6. The experiments reported in this paper bring no evidences to support the view that the lesions in the lungs of rabbits following the intravenous injection of pneumococci are modified by any previous state of sensitivity.
Minimum-energy multicast routing in static wireless ad hoc networks

Wireless mobile ad hoc stations have limited battery capacity. One major performance metric used to evaluate broadcast and multicast trees is the lowest total energy consumption. We extend our previous work by presenting a more general study from the broadcast to multicast case, since the multicast tree obtained by pruning some broadcast tree does not give good performance once the multicast group sizes are small. We present a constraint formulation in terms of MILP (mixed integer linear programming), which can be used for an optimal solution of the minimum-energy multicast (MEM) problem in wireless ad hoc networks with omnidirectional antennas. Experimental results show that an optimal solution of the MEM problem using our MILP model can always be obtained in a timely manner for moderately sized networks, typically with 50 nodes.
Services Receipt Following Veteran Outpatients' Positive Screen for Homelessness

Introduction The Veterans Health Administration seeks to reduce homelessness among Veterans by identifying, and providing prevention and supportive services to, patients with housing concerns. The objectives of this study were to assess the proportion of Veterans Health Administration patients who received homeless or social work services within 6 months of a positive screen for homelessness or risk in the Veterans Health Administration and the demographic and clinical characteristics that predicted services utilization. Methods Data were from a cohort of 27,403 Veteran outpatients who screened positive for homelessness or risk between November 1, 2012 and January 31, 2013. During 2013, AORs were calculated using a mixed-effects logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of patients' receipt of VHA homeless or social work services based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Results The majority of patients received services within 6 months post-screening; predictors of services utilization varied by gender. Among women, diagnosis of drug abuse and psychosis predicted receipt of services, being unmarried increased the odds of using services among those screening positive for homelessness, and a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder increased the odds of receiving services for at-risk women. Among men, being younger, unmarried, not service-connected/Medicaid-eligible, and having a medical or behavioral health condition predicted receipt of services. Conclusions Receipt of housing support services among Veterans post-homelessness screening differs by patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Future research should investigate the role that primary and secondary prevention interventions play in Veterans' resolution of risk for homelessness and experience of homelessness.
Sexual dimorphism in canine length of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy 1806)

We measured canine teeth from 28 woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides) to assess sexual dimorphism and population differences. The specimens are from the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. We found strong sexual dimorphism in canine length for individuals belonging to populations south of 22°00′ latitude but no sexual dimorphism in canine length from individuals of populations north of 21°00′ latitude. Canine length did not vary among females of northern and southern populations. However, southern males had significantly longer canines than northern males. This geographical difference in canine morphology, together with the presence or absence of thumbs and published accounts of differences in genetics and social structure between northern and southern populations, suggests thatBrachyteles arachnoides may be composed of at least two subspecies, which appear to be separated by the rivers Grande and Paraiba do Sul and the Serra da Mantiqueira.
The Research Literature of Academic Librarianship: A Comparison of College & Research Libraries and Journal of Academic Librarianship

College & Research Libraries (C&RL) and the Journal of Academic Librarianship ( JAL ) are the two primary journals in the field of academic librarianship. This study examines articles appearing in C&RL and JAL so as to evaluate these journals on the basis of type of articles published, structure of the articles, types of statistics used, and data collection methods used. The results indicate that C&RL publishes significantly more research articles than does JAL . Other results show that surveys are the primary form of data collection and that descriptive statistics are used much more frequently than inferential statistics. The percentage of research articles included in these journals has increased since earlier studies.
The Role of Deterrence in NATO Defense Strategy: Implications for Doctrine and Posture

The basis of NATO deterrence strategy is the manipulation of the nuclear "threshold." When NATO's conventional component is strong and the exact nature of its nuclear threshold is uncertain to Warsaw Pact countries, NATO's deterrent will be strong. Attempts to improve the “quality” of the nuclear arsenal by making the outcome of nuclear conflict more predictable weaken NATO's deterrent power. It is the possibility that NATO may use nuclear weapons, as well as the uncertainty of the consequences of such use, that strengthens the deterrent. The number of nuclear weapons in the NATO arsenal could be reduced with no appreciable damage to the deterrent posture. Qualitative improvements in the conventional component, while increasing deterrent strength, also serve as safeguards in case of deterrence failures. To the extent that political unity within NATO increases the predictability of a NATO response to Warsaw Pact aggression, it is possible that political disunity actually adds to deterrent strength.
The effects of short−term incubation (aging) of mouse oocytes on in vitro fertilization, zona solubility, and embryonic development

The effects of in vitro aging of cumulus−intact versus cumulus−free metaphase II mouse oocytes were studied with respect to zona solubility and fertilization rates. Furthermore, zygotes from the in vitro fertilization studies were incubated and their developmental progress was recorded. The zona pellucida showed a gradual increase in resistance to dissolution by α−chymotrypsin with in vitro aging over a period of 6 hr. This effect was greater in cumulus−free as compared to cumulus−intact ova, but it was not nearly as profound as that seen in the control in vivo fertilized eggs. The fertilization rate of in vitro aging cumulus−intact ova compared favorably with the control in vivo aging group over a 6−hr time period. This was in sharp contrast to the decreased fertilization rate of in vitro aging cumulus−free ova over the same period of time. Lastly, development of zygotes to the blastocyst stage was also evaluated. The rate of first cleavage was similar in all experimental groups and compared favorably with the in vivo controls. However, further development to blastocysts of in vitro aged cumulus−free ova showed a marked decrease when compared to the cumulus−intact group and the in vivo fertilized controls. Thus we established a direct relationship between zona digestion time of in vitro aged cumulus−free oocytes and a decrease of fertilization rates in the mouse.
An Experiment in the Use of Management Training Standards

Focuses on a proposal to develop standards for management training. Discussion on leadership and employee training programs; Effect of trainee confidence and attendance on the success of the progra...
Spatial Heterogeneity and Oxygen Dependence of Glucose Consumption in R3230Ac and Fibrosarcomas of the Fischer 344 Rat

To examine the oxygen-dependence of glucose consumption in solid tumors, we monitored gradients of glucose, lactate, and hypoxia in R3230Ac and FSA tumors growing in Fischer 344 rats. Bioluminescence imaging, detection of Hoechst 33342, and immunostaining of the hypoxia marker EF5 [2-8-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide] were done in serial tumor slices. Glucose and lactate levels were also determined in liver and blood. Cells were further tested for glucose consumption and lactate production in vitro. In both tumor types, EF5 staining indicated similar maximum levels of hypoxia; the most intense staining occurred in perinecrotic regions. Glucose concentrations were highest in liver, declined from blood to tumor edge, further into vital tumor regions, and were lowest close to necrosis. Glucose was significantly lower in FSA than in R3230Ac tumors. Glucose concentrations in R3230Ac tumors were consistently higher in nonhypoxic than in hypoxic areas, with maximum values equal to systemic blood levels. Glucose in FSA tumors was close to zero, regardless of the presence or absence of hypoxia. Lactate did not differ significantly between the tumor types. FSA cells in culture showed a trend towards higher aerobic glucose consumption versus R3230Ac. Both cell lines increased their lactate production to similar levels under hypoxia. We conclude that both R3230Ac and FSA tumors retain the Pasteur effect, i.e., hypoxia triggers increased glycolysis. However, our results imply that increased aerobic glucose utilization leads to low glucose levels in FSA and a situation where supply limits uptake. This explains the repeatedly observed correlation between tumor blood flow and 18F-deoxyglucose uptake.
Effects of methoprene, its metabolites, and breakdown products on retinoid-activated pathways in transfected cell lines.

Mthoprene (isopropyl (2E, 4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate) is an insect juvenile hormone agonist that blocks metamorphosis in some insects. Recent evidence suggests that a metabolite, methoprene acid, activates vertebrate retinoid X receptors (RXRs), and may interfere with retinoic acid-regulated developmental processes. Methoprene, methoxy-methoprene acid, and two major breakdown products were tested for their ability to interfere with retinoid-regulated pathways when using transfected cells. The CV-1 cells were transiently transfected with genes encoding RXRs and response elements attached to luciferase reporters, and retinoic acid-sensitive F9 cells were stably transfected with retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/RXR response elements attached a lacZ reporter (Sil-REM/β-gal-NEO). Experiments confirmed that methoxy-methoprene acid acted as a ligand for RXRs and was capable of activating transcription through RAR/RXR response elements. However, neither methoprene nor the breakdown products, 7-methoxycitronellal and 7-methoxycitronellic acid, activated transcription in transfected CV-1 or F9 cells. Methoprene and methoxy-methoprene acid may interfere with the conversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinoic acid in the F9-derived cell line. Methoprene was as effective as the retinol dehydrogenase inhibitor citral in blocking the retinol-induced transcription of RAR/RXR-regulated reporter genes, whereas methoxy-methoprene acid blocked transcription stimulated by retinaldehyde.
Sources and processes contributing to nitrogen deposition: an adjoint model analysis applied to biodiversity hotspots worldwide.

Anthropogenic enrichment of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition is an ecological concern. We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to identify the sources and processes that control Nr deposition to an ensemble of biodiversity hotspots worldwide and two U.S. national parks (Cuyahoga and Rocky Mountain). We find that anthropogenic sources dominate deposition at all continental sites and are mainly regional (less than 1000 km) in origin. In Hawaii, Nr supply is controlled by oceanic emissions of ammonia (50%) and anthropogenic sources (50%), with important contributions from Asia and North America. Nr deposition is also sensitive in complicated ways to emissions of SO2, which affect Nr gas–aerosol partitioning, and of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which affect oxidant concentrations and produce organic nitrate reservoirs. For example, VOC emissions generally inhibit deposition of locally emitted NOx but significantly increase Nr deposition downwind. However, in polluted bor...
Percutaneous and Open Renal Revascularizations Have Equivalent Long-Term Functional Outcomes

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is a significant cause of poorly controlled hypertension and progressive renal dysfunction leading to ischemic nephropathy and other end-organ damage. The optimal treatment of renovascular disease contributing to hypertension and renal dysfunction is not known. This study compares the anatomic and functional outcomes of both open and endovascular therapy for chronic, symptomatic atherosclerotic renal artery disease. We performed a retrospective analysis of records from patients who underwent renal arterial interventions, endovascular or open bypass, between January 1984 and January 2004. Principal indications for intervention were hypertension (51%), chronic renal insufficiency (13%), and hypertension and elevated creatinine (36%). A total of 247 patients (109 males; mean age 69 ± 10, range 44–89 years) underwent 314 interventions (109 open procedures; 205 angioplasties, 71% with stent placement). There was a significant difference in 30-day mortality (4% vs. <1%; p < 0.005) between the open and endoluminal groups, but not at 1, 3, or 5 years. Patients in the open group had a higher primary patency rate at 5 years (83 ± 5% vs. 76 ± 6%; p = 0.03), but patients in the endoluminal group had a higher assisted primary patency rate at 5 years (92 ± 5% vs. 84 ± 5; p = 0.03). There was no significant difference between both treatment groups in cumulative freedom from presenting symptom or in freedom from dialysis and renal-related death. Patients who presented with hypertension were more likely to have shown improvement in their blood pressure with endoluminal intervention at 1, 3, and 5 (59 ± 6% endoluminal vs. 83 ± 5% open; p = 0.01) years. From these results we conclude that open repair and endoluminal repair of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis have similar immediate and long-term functional and anatomic outcomes. Patients who present with hypertension may have greater benefit with an endoluminal repair.
On the Penetration of Water into Hot Rock

Summary This paper develops a theory for the mechanism of penetration of water into hot rock by considering the simplest possible one-dimensional model. The concept of a cracking front is used to separate the convective regime in cracked porous rock from the conductive boundary layer below it. Rock in the boundary layer cools, shrinks and builds up horizontal tensile stress as resistance to creep rises. Cracking occurs when the tensile stress slightly exceeds the overburden pressure and results in the stable downward propagation of a polygonal pattern of sub-vertical cracks. Further cooling shrinkage opens these cracks to the percolation of water so that the effective bulk permeability is a strong function of both crack spacing and temperature. The critical crack spacing is determined by the competing processes of pattern enlargement through stress relief by favoured cracks and the subdivision of columns due to the radial temperature gradients associated with cooling through the cracks themselves. A rudimentary treatment of the transient creep associated with the thermal contraction of virgin rock suggests cracking temperatures between 800 and 1000 °K at depths of several kilometres and a similar treatment of thermally activated crack propagation produces a relationship between front velocity and crack spacing. That permits an approximate solution of the whole problem, resulting in a formula for front velocity where φ is a fudge factor and the temperatures are: TW—hot hydrothermal, Tφ—overburden cancelling creep stress, T0—sink, T1—original. Maximizing through TW permits the calculation of u and all dependent parameters for any given Tφ, itself close to the cracking temperature. If Tφ= 800 °K, the front velocity is 32m/yr, the crack spacing is 4.8cm and the hot hydrothermal temperature is about 462 °K. The power output of the convecting system is about 5 kWm−2. Downward propagation of the cracked region seems to be limited by static fatigue failure of the columns under stress, some distance behind the front. The qualitative aspects of the model are in general agreement with ridge crest heat-flow and seismic data, though the sheeted dike complex near the surface of new crust is created by rapid cooling of each new dike by water circulation rather than by a process comparable to the one-dimensional model. Subsequent, deeper, water penetration may occur by processes similar to those described in the model.
Presidents versus Prime Ministers: Shaping Executive Authority in Eastern Europe

Open conflict between presidents and prime ministers has become a familiar phenomenon throughout East Central Europe since the fall of communism. While individual personalities and the particular constellations of issues in each country have helped shape individual conflicts, this article seeks to account for them in more fundamental structural terms and to place them in the context of current debates over the relative virtues of presidentialism and parliamentarism. There is a discrepancy between the prestige and popularity of presidents and their modest formal powers; prime ministers, by contrast, enjoy considerable formal power but only limited legitimacy. Since the distribution of authority in newly constituted democracies is ambiguous and fluid, with no established conventions and understandings defining precisely the boundaries among key institutions, presidents seek to utilize the ambiguity to convert their assets of prestige into "real" power over policy, while prime ministers resist what they see as incursions into their areas of responsibility. The article explores the strengths and weaknesses of each side, the terrain of struggle, the tactics employed, the political outcomes to date, and the implications for political consolidation and the future distribution of executive authority in the region's states.
Leptin regulates energetic tradeoffs between body fat and humoural immunity

Mounting an immune response requires a relatively substantial investment of energy and marked reductions in energy availability can suppress immune function and presumably increase disease susceptibility. We have previously demonstrated that a moderate reduction in energy stores via partial surgical lipectomy (LIPx) impairs humoural immunity of Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus ). Here we tested the hypothesis that LIPx-induced decreases in immunity are mediated by changes in the adipose tissue hormone leptin. Hamsters received bilateral surgical removal of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWATx) or sham surgeries (Sham). Half the animals in each group received osmotic minipumps containing murine leptin (0.5 μl h −1 for 10 days) whereas the remaining animals received minipumps containing vehicle alone; all animals were subsequently challenged with the novel antigen keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). In general, serum leptin and anti-KLH antibodies were significantly correlated with one another with higher levels generally indicating enhanced immunity. In addition, IWATx hamsters had significantly lower serum anti-KLH IgG compared with sham animals. Exogenous leptin, however, attenuated LIPx-induced immune suppression but did not affect humoural immunity in sham animals. These results suggest that reductions in energy availability lead to impairments in humoural immunity and that leptin can serve as a neuroendocrine signal between body fat and immunity regulating humoural immune responses.
Who We'll Live With: Neighborhood Racial Composition Preferences of Whites, Blacks and Latinos

The debate about racial residential preferences has two open questions. First, are neighborhood racial preferences truly racial, or is race a proxy for socio-economic factors? Second, are in-group or out-group preferences more salient? Using the Houston Area Survey, we employ a factorial experiment to assess the effect of racial composition on neighborhood desirability independent of crime, school quality and property values. We survey whites, blacks and Hispanics to examine in-group vs. out-group preferences. Results show that independent of proxies, whites find neighborhoods less attractive as the proportion black or Hispanic increases; the proportion Asian has no impact. Racial composition has little effect on Hispanics' and blacks' neighborhood preferences. We find no evidence of in-group preferences; rather, results suggest that whites express negative out-group preferences toward black and Hispanic neighborhoods.
The OBS Perspective and Ancestral Human Life

Overview: Having developed the ontogenetic bonding system (OBS) framework around the central construct of a Perception-Central Processing-Behavior (P-CP-B) schema, we go back in this chapter to examine how this mechanism might have served in the environment of our evolutionary adaptedness (the EEA). We begin by developing a consen sus view of human life in the EEA in terms of its physical and social setting, usual life history, and major behavioral and social patterns. We then examine how the OBS framework fits with the consensus view, using three different perspectives. The first perspective is an evolutionary model in which the organism’s ultimate goals are related through intermediate steps to the proximate mechanism of a P-CP-B schema. The second perspective is based on what we call bonding stagetypical relationships. The third perspective makes use of what we know about sex differences in bonding. After discussing these three perspectives, we turn to a consideration of what each stage of bonding — succorance, affiliation, sexuality, and nurturance — was like in the EEA and how this description is enriched and clarified by examining it from these three perspectives.
Voltage-dependent Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Conductance in the Outer Membrane of Neuronal Mitochondria

Potassium fluxes integrate mitochondria into cellular activities, controlling their volume homeostasis and structural integrity in many pathophysiological mechanisms. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is thought to play a passive role in this process because K+ is believed to equilibrate freely between the cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space. By patch clamping mitochondria isolated from the central nervous systems of adult mitoCFP transgenic mice, we discovered the existence of IOMMKi, a novel voltage-dependent inwardly rectifying K+ conductance located in the OMM. IOMMKi is regulated by osmolarity, potentiated by cAMP, and activated at physiological negative potentials, allowing K+ to enter the mitochondrial intermembrane space in a controlled regulated fashion. The identification of IOMMKi in the OMM supports the notion that a membrane potential could exist across this membrane in vivo and suggests that the OMM possesses regulated pathways for K+ uptake.
System security in the Space Flight Operations Center

The Space Flight Operations Center is a networked system of workstation-class computers that will provide ground support for NASA's (US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's) next generation of deep-space missions. The author recounts the development of the SFOC system security policy and discusses the various management and technology issues involved. Particular attention is given to risk assessment, security plan development, security implications of design requirements, automatic safeguards, and procedural safeguards. >
Culturing Human Embryos With and Without Glucose

Abstract Objective: To review published data and to compare pregnancy rates (PRs) after culturing human embryos with and without glucose and phosphate. Design: Comparison of results from various programs. Setting: Assisted Reproductive Technology Program. Patient(s): Patients were enrolled in various studies. Intervention(s): Human embryos were cultured with and without glucose and phosphate. Main Outcome Measure(s): Pregnancy rates after different techniques of embryo culture. Result(s): Some studies reported higher PRs in patients undergoing IVF after embryos were cultured in media without glucose and phosphate versus media with glucose and phosphate. One study showed that PRs were lower when embryos were cultured in media lacking glucose and phosphate compared with media containing glucose and phosphate. Some studies have also shown similar PRs with the two types of culture media. Conclusion(s): The PRs in IVF patients will not necessarily be enhanced if the embryos are cultured in media without glucose and phosphate.
Spirituality: Implications for Professional School Counselors' Ethical Practice

The separation between church and state (e.g., public education) is contentious. Furthermore, schools and many professional school counselors (PSCs) may choose to disregard and/or discount spirituality. This article (a) presents the importance of spirituality in counseling, (b) explores legal statutes and ethical standards relating to spirituality as a component of multiculturalism and professional school counseling, and (c) offers steps and strategies to support the ethical practice of PSCs. A case example and implications are discussed.
Solvatochromic Shifts of the n → π* Transition of Acetone from Steam Vapor to Ambient Aqueous Solution: A Combined Configuration Interaction QM/MM Simulation Study Incorporating Solvent Polarization.

A hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential is used in Monte Carlo simulations to examine the solvent effects on the electronic excitation energy of the n → π* transition of acetone in ambient and supercritical water fluid, in which the temperature is in the range of 25−500 °C with pressures of 1−2763 atm. In the present study, the acetone molecule is described by the AM1 Hamiltonian, and the water molecules are treated classically. Two sets of calculations are performed. The first involves the TIP4P model for water, and the second employs a polarizable model, POL2, for the solvent. The first calculation yields the excitation energy by using the static ground-state solvent charge distribution obtained from QM-CI/MM calculations. The latter takes into account the effect of solvent polarization following the solute electronic excitation. The trend of the computed n → π* blue-shifts for acetone as function of the fluid density is in good agreement with experimental results. The present sim...
Conceptual Modeling of Drag-Augmented Supersonic Retropropulsion for Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing

The development of new decelerator technologies will be required as the payload mass for future Mars landing missions increases beyond the current state-of-the-art capability. This study examines the potential for supersonic retropropulsion applied on entry, descent, and landing vehicles to increase the landed payload mass. This study describes the development of a model characterizing the drag augmentation capabilities of peripheral-nozzle supersonic retropropulsion flow interactions. The model captures the dominant flow physics of pressure conservation through shock cascade structures and predicts an increase in the drag coefficient over the nominal drag coefficient of a 70 deg sphere-cone aeroshell by 14% at high Mach numbers. This study also describes drag-augmented supersonic retropropulsion operation concepts for use in Mars entry, descent, and landing. Drag-augmented supersonic retropropulsion is found to be most effective when used in the region of maximum freestream dynamic pressure. The vehicle ...
Statistics of high power microwave induced window flashover

Summary form only given as follows. For flashover in air, nitrogen, and SF6, we have previously shown that the delay time between microwave pulse application and breakdown increases with pressure in the regime where the elastic electron collision frequency is larger than the microwave frequency (roughly >10 torr for 2.85 GHz microwave frequency), which also coincides with conditions found at the right hand side of the Paschen curve. The specific window flashover geometry was carefully chosen to avoid local field enhancement. That is, no metallic parts are exposed to high fields. Hence, only the window surface itself, the gas, and interaction processes between surface and volume contribute to flashover. A Monte Carlo based electron motion code developed for the flashover conditions predicts formative flashover delay times reasonably well in the pressure regime between 100 to 600 torr (10,000 Pa to 80,000 Pa). However, the statistical delay time, that is the time interval required for the initiatory electron(s) to appear, is unaccounted for in the code. Further computational efforts investigating seed electron production via collisional detachment from, for instance, negative ions in the gas have shown that while effective at unipolar fields, collisional detachment is unlikely to contribute to the production of seed electrons at higher microwave frequencies above several GHz. Experiments show that illuminating the surface with light/photons (180 nm < lambda < 350 nm) reduces the observed statistical delay considerably indicating the importance of seed electron production from the surface. This paper will discuss the key processes of high power microwave surface flashover and present experimental flashover data along with continued investigation into the statistics of possible seed electron sources, including trace contaminates present in the gas or on the dielectric surface.
Seismic Source Characterization for Greater Phoenix Area Earthquake Hazard

We have developed a model for active seismogenic faults for the greater Phoenix area. The Quaternary geologic record was used to delineate the local seismic sources, assess potential earthquake size, and estimate earthquake recurrence to support an integrated regional probabilistic evaluation of the seismic hazard. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is summarized as uniform hazard spectra and contour maps of peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at one second for weak rock site conditions at two percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. As building codes typically allow some level of reduction in design spectral accelerations from values obtained from the National Seismic Hazard Maps, we compared our results to values obtained from the National Seismic Hazard Maps. No reduction in building code seismic design requirements is justified in the areas addressed herein on the basis of our site specific analysis.
The role of functional data in interpreting the effects of genetic variation

Progress in DNA-sequencing technologies has provided a catalogue of millions of DNA variants in the human population, but characterization of the functional effects of these variants has lagged far behind. For example, sequencing of tumor samples is driving an urgent need to classify whether or not mutations seen in cancers affect disease progression or treatment effectiveness or instead are benign. Furthermore, mutations can interact with genetic background and with environmental effects. A new approach, termed deep mutational scanning, has enabled the quantitative assessment of the effects of thousands of mutations in a protein. However, this type of experiment is carried out in model organisms, tissue culture, or in vitro; typically addresses only a single biochemical function of a protein; and is generally performed under a single condition. The current challenge lies in using these functional data to generate useful models for the phenotypic consequences of genetic variation in humans.
Coagulopathy in Experimental Sepsis with Streptococcus pneumoniae in Rabbits: Effect of Drug Therapy and Splenectomy

The cause of death in bacteremia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae remains unclear. The role of intravascular coagulation and splenectomy was investigated in rabbits with lethal pneumococcal bacteremia. The staphylococcal clumping titer in serum, a measure of fibrin degradation products, increased early and persisted until death. This titer correlated with the level of bacteremia. The partial thromboplastin time and platelet-rich plasma clotting time also increased as the disease worsened. However, the prothrombin time remained normal. 125I-labeled fibrinogen was cleared normally from the plasma of infected rabbits, whether intact or splenectomized. Similarly, the concentration of fibrinogen in plasma remained normal, even though the level of fibrin degradation products increased, and no difference in these parameters was noted between intact and splenectomized rabbits. Fibrin deposition could not be detected in any of the organs studied. Neither the level of fibrin degradation products nor survival was affected by treatment with hydrocortisone, hexadimethrine, cytochrome c, carboxypeptidase B, e-aminocaproic acid, or heparin. These data suggest that intravascular coagulation occurs in this experimental infection prior to the onset of shock but probably plays only a minor role in lethality.
Abstract 2031: A functional nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor, Src and Stat3 heteromeric complex in pancreatic cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Pancreatic cancer is an extremely lethal malignancy whose prognosis has not improved appreciably in the last decade. The disease is usually diagnosed only after it has reached an advanced or metastatic state but even local, surgically resectable, tumors have a fairly poor prognosis. This is further complicated by the fact that little is known about the underlying mechanisms of pancreatic cancer, as evidenced by a lack of any efficacious targeted therapies. While hyperactive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Src tyrosine kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat)3 have been detected in pancreatic cancer and implicated in the disease, the exact mechanisms by which they promote the disease phenotype are not well understood. We present evidence of a functional heteromeric complex of EGFR, c-Src and Stat3 that is detected at the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and inside the nucleus of pancreatic cancer cells. The inhibition of c-Src, but not EGFR kinase, reduced the level of nuclear EGFR levels. Furthermore, the inhibition of Src or EGFR kinase alone decreased nuclear Stat3 levels, while the greatest decrease occurred upon the combined inhibition of EGFR and Src kinase activities. Significantly, evidence shows that the nuclear EGFR, Src and Stat3 complex functions as a transcriptional complex. Thus, the siRNA knockdown of EGFR or Src, or the pharmacological inhibition of aberrant Stat3 activity only moderately decreased c-Myc, iNOS, and VEGF expression. By contrast, the knockdown of EGFR or Src together with the inhibition of Stat3 activity strongly suppressed c-Myc expression in Panc-1 and Colo-357 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies further validated these findings and showed that the nuclear EGFR, Src, and Stat3 complex is bound to the c-Myc promoter. Taken together, these data identify a novel and functional heteromeric EGFR, Src, and Stat3 complex that promotes the induction of c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells. Our study provides additional insight into the mechanisms by which hyperactive EGFR, Src and Stat3 pathway promotes the pancreatic cancer phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2031. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2031
Contributions to the cytology of amphibian germ cells

The chromosomic constitution of five American species of toads is much the saure as that described by previous authors for European and Japanese species of the same genus. The haploid set consists of 6 large and 5 small chromosomes. The fifth chromosome shows peculiarities that bear out its homology with the supposed sex chromosome of Rana temporaria. The importance of comparative studies in amphibian chromosomes with respect to the problem of the evolution of the sex chromosome mechanism is emphasized.
Case Report: Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Sepsis Presenting as Multiple Liver Abscesses

A 50-year-old man with diabetes was found to have sepsis with multiple small hepatic abscesses secondary to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis which were detected by computed tomography (CT) scan. Sepsis with Y. pseudotuberculosis is uncommon but usually seen in patients with underlying liver disease. Those patients with liver abscesses invariably have multiple small abscesses. Widespread use of CT scanning is likely to uncover more cases of hepatic microabscesses; in the appropriate clinical setting, Y. pseudotuberculosis should be considered as a possible cause.
What is media archaeology

Jussi Parikka offers a strong and detailed analysis on digital culture and memory, and explains to the reader the history and development of the field of media archaeology. The book's main audience...
Esophagogastric junction distensibility is greater following Toupet compared to Nissen fundoplication.

The goal of antireflux surgery is to create a competent antireflux valve at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). The two most common types of fundoplications constructed are the 360° Nissen and the 270° Toupet. We sought to determine whether there was a significant difference in distensibility at the EGJ based on fundoplication geometry (full vs. partial). This is a retrospective review of prospective data. All subjects underwent laparoscopic fundoplication over a 47-month period for primary GERD or failed fundoplication. An endoluminal functional luminal-imaging probe (EndoFLIP®) was used to assess EGJ distensibility intraoperatively. Minimum esophageal diameter (D min), cross-sectional area (CSA), and distensibility index (DI) were measured at 30- and 40-mL balloon distension volumes prior to abdominal insufflation, after hiatal dissection, and following fundoplication. DI is defined as the narrowest CSA divided by the corresponding pressure expressed in mm2/mmHg. Analysis was conducted to compare distensibility metrics based on the type of fundoplication constructed (Nissen or Toupet). As a secondary outcome, we sought to determine whether there was a difference in distensibility of the EGJ prior to surgery in patients with primary GERD as opposed to those with recurrent GERD after a failed fundoplication. A total of 75 patients underwent fundoplications during the study interval. There were 44 primary and 31 reoperative fundoplications. Nissen fundoplication was constructed in 45 and Toupet in 30. Based on the distensibility index, the EGJ distensibility significantly decreased from prior to surgery to following fundoplication in all patients. Patients undergoing reoperative antireflux surgery had an initial DI at the EGJ similar to that of patients with primary GERD. Following Toupet, the EGJ was significantly more distensible than that after Nissen fundoplication. Laparoscopic fundoplication results in decreased EGJ distensibility in patients with GERD. The EGJ following partial fundoplication is significantly more distensible than that after a full fundoplication.
Research on Security Delegation Model in E-business

Trust management is a common approach on access control in E-business. However, the existing delegation have some faults as follows: Trust between entities is not described in these systems, Delegation depth is not controlled effectively. Aimed at the problems, this paper proposed a security delegation model, discusses the algorithm of compliance checking in model, and illuminates the usage scene of model through a typical E-business example.
Parameters Control of Boiler in Load Rejection Test of Supercritical 350 MW Coal-fired Unit

On the basis of the successful experience in 50% load rejection and 100% load rejection tests of 2×350 MW supercritical coal-fired power and thermal units in Hubei Guodian Qingshang Co-generation Co.Ltd.,the control measures for avoiding the flame extinction of the boiler were discussed.The focus was put on the analysis about the changes in the load rejection tests process,such as the superheat steam and reheat steam parameters,the feed water flow of the boiler,and the pressure in the furnace.At last,several significantly operating suggestions were concluded.
The abdominal neourethra in children: technique and long-term results.

AbstractThe abdominal neourethra is a continent bladder tube that is applicable to selected children with anatomical urinary incontinence or urinary retention and a nonnavigable urethra. A 5 to 8-year followup is presented in 6 children in whom the abdominal neourethra afforded normal micturition through it or permitted intermittent catheterization. All children were dry between bladder emptyings as a result of a continence mechanism that combined a long elastic tube and a cephalad neourethral abdominal opening with a rectus striated muscle sphincter.
An Effect of Iron Level and Food Type on Production of Hemolysin and Catalase of Listeria monocytogenes Strain Scott A.

Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes , a foodborne pathogen, has been attributed in humans to the presence of hemolysins and oxidative enzymes that permit entrance and survival in macrophages and intestinal cells. Levels of hemolysin, catalase, and iron in sterile skim milk, meat, and various media inoculated and incubated under various conditions were determined. High-iron media and aeration increased growth and induced production of several catalases based on SDS-PAGE analysis. Reduced aeration increased hemolysin activity, but growth and catalase production were reduced. At refrigerator temperatures, L. monocytogenes strain Scott A grew in milk and media, but populations remained static in meat samples.