cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The design and performance of a compact underwater acoustic network node

A major focus of the Acoustic Telemetry Group at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has been the development of underwater acoustic communication networks. Similar to a cellular telephone network, an acoustic network consists of a number of nodes or modems which adaptively route digital data packets between scientific sensors and a data collection or viewing point. A significant milestone in the development of such a network has been the recent demonstration of a multichannel adaptive receiver for coherent underwater communications. As the current generation of commercial telemetry devices do not meet the computational requirements of this algorithm, a new compact, high-performance modem has been developed at WHOI. This unit has a processing capacity of more than 80 Mflops (million floating-point operations per second) and contains a full-featured personal computer. The capabilities of the new modem are reviewed together with preliminary results from two deployments of a network of six modems. The results highlight the ability of the new modem to autonomously monitor network configuration and channel quality. >
The Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV Risk Score for Assessing Central Nervous System Activity in Persons With HIV

Detectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is associated with central nervous system (CNS) complications. We developed the CSF HIV risk score through prediction modeling to estimate the risk of detectable CSF HIV RNA (threshold >50 copies/mL) to help identify persons who might benefit most from CSF monitoring. We used baseline data from 1,053 participants receiving combination antiretroviral therapy who were enrolled in the 6-center, US-based CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) prospective cohort in 2004–2007. Plasma HIV RNA, CNS penetration effectiveness, duration of combination antiretroviral therapy, medication adherence, race, and depression status were retained correlates of CSF HIV RNA, displaying good discrimination (C statistic = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 0.93) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.85). The CSF HIV risk score ranges from 0 to 42 points, with a mean of 15.4 (standard deviation, 7.3) points. At risk scores greater than 25, the probability of detecting CSF HIV RNA was at least 42.9% (95% CI: 36.6, 49.6). For each 1-point increase, the odds of detecting CSF HIV RNA increased by 26% (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.31; P < 0.01). The risk score correlates with detection of CSF HIV RNA. It represents an advance in HIV management and monitoring of CNS effects, providing a potentially useful tool for clinicians.
Economic Development Policymaking Down the Global Commodity Chain: Attracting an Auto Industry to Silao, Mexico

This article applies the global commodity chain approach to analyze the way policymakers encouraged an automotive commodity chain to touch down in Silao, Mexico. The article explains that the changing dynamics of the global auto industry have transformed it into an "assembler-driven" commodity chain. It notes how policymakers in the state of Guanajuato employed their understanding of the automotive commodity chain, and Mexico's role in the North American auto industry to craft a development strategy aimed at attracting General Motors to Silao, and then luring manufacturers in the automaker's supply chain. This strategy of attracting the leadfirm and then working down a producerdriven commodity chain stands in stark contrast to recent development theories prescribing industrial upgrading amongfirms in buyer-driven commodity chains.
Genetic structure of Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations of sea bass, menhaden, and sturgeon: Influence of zoogeographic factors and life-history patterns

To assess the influence of zoogeographic factors and life-history parameters (effective population size, generation length, and dispersal) on the evolutionary genetic structure of marine fishes in the southeastern USA, phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were compared between disjunct Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations in three coastal marine fishes whose juveniles require an estuarine or freshwater habitat for development. Black sea bass (Centropristis striata), menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus andB. patronus) and sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) samples were collected between 1986 and 1988. All species showed significant haplotype frequency differences between the Atlantic and Gulf, but the magnitude and distribution of mtDNA variation differed greatly among these taxa: sea bass showed little within-region mtDNA polymorphism and a clear phylogenetic distinction between the Atlantic and Gulf; menhaden showed extensive within-region polymorphism and a paraphyletic relationship between Atlantic and Gulf populations; and sturgeon exhibited very low mtDNA diversity both within regions and overall. Evolutionary effective sizes of the female populations (N f (e)) estimated from the mtDNA data ranged fromN f (e) = 50 (Gulf of Mexico sturgeon) toN f (e) = 800 000 (Atlantic menhaden), and showed a strong rank-order agreement with the current-day census sizes of these species. The relationship betweenN f (e) and the estimated times of divergence (t) among mtDNA lineages (from conventional clock calibrations) predicts the observed phylogenetic distinction between Atlantic and Gulf sea bass, as well as the paraphyletic pattern in menhaden, provided the populations have been separated by the same long-standing zoogeographic barriers thought to have influenced other coastal taxa in the southeastern USA. However, vicariant scenarios alone cannot explain other phylogenetic aspects of the menhaden (and sturgeon) mtDNA data and, for these species, recent gene flow between the Atlantic and Gulf coasts is strongly implicated. These data are relevant to management and conservation issues for these species.
INTEREST-RATE VOLATILITY IN EMERGING MARKETS

We use high-frequency interest-rate data for a group of Latin American and Asian countries to analyze the behavior of volatility through time. We focus on volatility comovements across countries. Our analysis relies on univariate and bivariate switching volatility models. We compare the results from the switching models with those from rolling-standard-deviation models. We argue that the switching models are superior. Our results indicate that high-volatility episodes are, in general, short-lived, lasting from 2 to 7 weeks. We also find some evidence of interest-rate volatility comovements across countries.
Single-parent, female-headed families in Western Europe: social change and response.

Trends in single-parent female-headed families in Western Europe are analyzed and compared. The authors "explore the single-parent family phenomenon in Western Europe the factors that account for the growth in the numbers of these families how these families are perceived and the policy responses in the different countries; we also note some patterns." Data are from a variety of sources. Some comparisons are made with the situation in the United States. (EXCERPT)
Book Recommending Using Text Categorization with Extracted Information

Content-based recommender systems suggest documents, items, and services to users based on learning a prole of the user from rated examples containing information about the given items. Text categorization methods are very useful for this task but generally rely on unstructured text. We have developed a bookrecommending system that utilizes semi-structured information about items gathered from the web using simple information extraction techniques. Initial experimental results demonstrate that this approach can produce fairly accurate recommendations.
Microbial Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Distributive Shock

Although septic shock may be the most common cause of distributive shock, to our knowledge, no studies have defined the likelihood and type of infection among patients with distributive shock. We performed a retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients who were admitted to a city-county hospital with hemodynamic evidence of distributive shock. Forty-nine of 100 patients with distributive shock had microbiological documentation of infection. Six patients had clinical evidence of infection without microbiological documentation. Forty-five patients had no microbiological or clinical evidence of infection. Among patients with microbiologically documented infections, the incidence of infection due to aerobic gram-positive cocci equaled the incidence of infection due to aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Clinical parameters, such as the criteria for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, were not useful in distinguishing the group with infections from the group without infections. In conclusion, many patients with distributive shock do not have evidence of infection.
Nutrient and growth dynamics of Halimeda tuna on Conch Reef, Florida Keys: Possible influence of internal tides on nutrient status and physiology

We conducted a manipulative nutrient enrichment study to examine the physiological and growth dynamics of the common tropical reef alga Halimeda tuna from shallow and deep coral reef environments on Conch Reef, in the Florida Keys. Paradoxically, H. tuna exhibited higher growth rates at depth (low light and below saturating irradiances) than at shallow sites (high light and at or above saturating irradiances). We hypothesized that the differences in growth rates were caused by differing nutrient environments at the two sites potentially caused by the influence of internal tidal bores that elevate nutrient concentrations with depth on Conch Reef. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating nutrients in a 10-d field experiment, after which we assessed growth, photosynthetic pigments, tissue nutrients, and other physiological parameters. H. tuna from the shallow back reef site exhibited nutrient limitation, as indicated by increases in growth rates, pigmentation, tissue nutrients, segment size, and photosynthetic rates, after enrichment. At the deep site, growth rates were not significantly different between controls and nutrient-enriched algae. Shallow enriched samples achieved levels of growth that were not significantly different from deep control or enriched samples. Algae from the deep site responded positively to enrichment for some physiological parameters; this suggests an opportunistic strategy in an environment that is known to experience frequent and significant pulses of nutrients from internal tides. Our results document differential nutrient limitation for H. tuna from two sites on Conch Reef where, in general, algae from the shallow site were more nutrient limited than those from the deep site. Finally, this provides some evidence that tropical reef communities may be adapted to large-scale physical processes such as internal tides.
The relationship of the large-scale solar field to the interplanetary magnetic field - What will Ulysses find?

Photospheric magnetic fields observed at the Wilcox Solar Observatory at Stanford together with a potential field model can be used to calculate the configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The IMF is organized into large regions of opposite polarity separated by a neutral sheet (NS). Small quadripolar warps in a roughly equatorial NS produce the four-sector structure commonly observed in the IMF at Earth near solar minimum. Soon after minimum the latitudinal extent of the NS increases substantially. Near maximum the structure is more complex, occasionally including multiple neutral sheets. The IMF structure simplifies and becomes very stable during the declining phase. Large-scale structures persist for up to two years during the entire cycle. From 1978 through 1983 the NS extended to at least 50°. Like coronal holes, the computed coronal field shows evidence of decreased differential rotation. Patterns in the inferred IMF polarity from solar cycles 16 – 21 are very similar. This suggests that structures observed by Ulysses during the coming cycle will be similar to those in the past.
Genetic influences on aggressive behaviors and arousability in animals

In a variety of species, strain differences in aggressive behaviors strongly indicate genetic influences. In people, as suggested, for example, by the work of Kagan, Rothbart, Cloninger, and their collaborators, long-lasting differences in temperament argue for genetic as well as environmental effects. After well-controlled experimentation in mice, we have learned five lessons about gene/behavior causal relations bearing on sociosexual and aggressive behaviors. The effect of a given gene on a given behavior depends upon: (1) exactly when and where that gene is expressed in the brain; (2) the gender of the animal in which it is expressed; (3) the age of the animal; (4) the nature of the opponent; and (5) the form of aggression (e.g., testosterone-facilitated aggression vs. maternal aggression). Moreover, in female mice, better social recognition is correlated with lower levels of aggression. We have gathered evidence for a four-gene micronet involving estrogen receptors alpha and beta, oxytocin, and the oxytocin receptor as expressed in the hypothalamus and amygdala. Normal performance of this micronet is required for social recognition and thus for control over aggression. Underlying certain genetic influences on sociosexual behaviors and aggression may be alterations in generalized brain arousal.
Rolling and roll-drawing of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene reactor powders

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reactor powders have been found to be processable in the solid state by the techniques of rolling and roll-drawing. Plates of compacted UHMWPE reactor powder were prepared below their melting points. These plates were then rolled at 124°C. The maximum uniaxial draw ratio (DR) obtained by multiple rolling was about 10. In additional experiments, rolled plates of a DR of 6 were further drawn by tensile stretching at a temperature of 135°C. The specimens prepared by rolling and by the two-stage draw were characterized by tensile measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction. Results show that, on rolling alone, the tensile modulus and tensile strength achieved were 3 GPa and 42 MPa, respectively, at a DR of 9.6. The rolled plates were effectively drawn further to a total DR of 86. Such highly drawn films exhibited tensile moduli and tensile strength up to 81 and 1.3 GPa, respectively. A high crystallinity and high crystal orientation were also obtained by the two-stage draw.
Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on inositol trisphosphate receptors in WB rat liver epithelial cells.

Background: Enhanced agonist-induced Ca 2+ release has been reported in hepatocytes isolated from ethanol-fed rats. Because myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3 Rs) are involved in the mobilization of Ca 2+ , we examined the effects of chronic ethanol treatment on IP 3 R function and levels of IP 3 R protein by using WB rat liver epithelial cells. Methods: WB cells were treated with ethanol (50-150 mM) for 24 to 48 hr and were loaded with Fura-2 to measure agonist-induced Ca 2+ mobilization or saponin permeabilized to measure myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-mediated Ca 2+ release. IP 3 levels were measured in [ 3 H]-inositol labeled cells. Levels of IP 3 R protein were quantitated by immunoblotting with antibodies to IP 3 R isoforms. Lysosomal and proteasomal peptidase activities were assayed in cytosol and membrane fractions using specific fluorogenic peptide substrates. Results: Ethanol treatment enhanced Ca 2+ mobilization in response to angiotensin II, vasopressin, and bradykinin. This effect was not due to an increased production of IP 3 . Chronic ethanol treatment stimulated the mobilization of Ca 2+ from saponin-permeabilized cells in response to subsaturating doses of IP 3 and increased the basal levels of both type I and type III IP 3 Rs by 1.8-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Ethanol treatment did not prevent angiotensin II-induced IP 3 R down-regulation or alter lysosomal cathepsin B activity or the trypsin-like and peptidylglutamyl peptidase activities of the proteasome. However, chronic ethanol exposure resulted in a 60% and 41% inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome in cytosol and microsomal membranes, respectively. Conclusion: We propose that the enhanced agonist-mediated Ca 2+ mobilization observed in chronic ethanol-treated WB liver epithelial cells results from increased IP 3 R expression caused by an inhibition of IP 3 R degradation pathways by ethanol.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in TDMA over Fading Channels

We investigate energy-efficiency issues and resource allocation policies for time division multi-access (TDMA) over fading channels in the power-limited regime. Supposing that the channels are frequency-flat block-fading and transmitters have full channel state information (CSI), in this paper we minimize power under a weighted sum-rate constraint and show that the optimal rate and time allocation policies can be obtained by water-filling over realizations of convex envelopes of the minima for cost-reward functions. Our approach not only provides fundamental power limits when each user can support an infinite number of capacity-achieving codebooks, but also yields guidelines for practical designs where users can only support a finite number of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) modes with prescribed symbol error probabilities.
Genetic enhancement, post-persons and moral status: a reply to Buchanan

Responding to several leading ideas from a paper by Allen Buchanan, the present essay explores the implications of genetic enhancement for moral status. Contrary to doubts expressed by Buchanan, I argue that genetic enhancement could lead to the existence of beings so superior to contemporary human beings that we might aptly describe them as post-persons. If such post-persons emerged, how should we understand their moral status in relation to ours? The answer depends in part on which of two general models of moral status--one based on respect and one based on interests--is more adequate. Buchanan tentatively argues that a respect-based model is preferable. I challenge Buchanan's view, along these lines: If we embrace a respect-based model of moral status featuring a threshold that divides persons, who are thought to have full and equal moral status, from sentient nonpersons, thought to have less moral status, then we should acknowledge a second threshold and a level of moral status higher than ours. A better option, I tentatively suggest, is to drop the idea of levels of moral status, accept that all sentient beings have moral status, and allow that some differences in interests and capacities justify some significant differences in how we should treat beings of different kinds.
Integration of biomedical text and sequence OAI repositories

Archived biomedical literature and sequence data are growing rapidly. The open archives initiative's protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH) [Lagoze, C. et al., (2002)] provides a convenient way for data sharing. But it has not been tested in the biomedical domain, especially in dealing with different types of data, such as protein, and gene sequences. We built four individual OAI-PMH repositories based on different biomedical resources. Using the harvested data from the four repositories we created an integrated OAI-PMH repository, which hosts the linked literature and sequence data in a single place.
An opportunity to refine our understanding of “response shift” and to educate researchers on designing quality research studies: response to Ubel, Peeters, and Smith

There is no advantage at this time to abandon the term “response shift” as suggested by Ubel et al. (Qual Life Res, 2010). The term is well known in the research field and has impacted the way we think about measuring quality of life (QOL) longitudinally. However, Ubel et al. (Qual Life Res, 2010) have provided the incentive to start an open dialogue on the subject with opportunities to refine the language of response shift and educate researchers. In this article, we identify opportunities in designing research studies to minimize or account for response shifts by considering the (1) selection of QOL concepts to measure, (2) questionnaires used to assess the QOL concepts, (3) design of the research study, (4) target population, and (5) analyses and reporting of results. Careful consideration of each of these issues will help us identify new methodologies and improved study designs that will move the QOL research field forward.
Impulsiveness, sociability, and the preference for varied experience.

The possibility that the authors' previous report of a significant relationship of extraversion-introversion to stimulus-seeking motivation was attributable primarily to the impulsivity component of extraversion-introversion, with the sociability component contributing insignificantly to that relationship, was studied in 5 samples of British and American Ss. The results for all samples significantly replicated the extraversion and stimulation-seeking relationship. In addition, impulsivity was generally found to be of slightly greater magnitude in its relation to stimulation-seeking than was sociability.
Autoreturn Function for a Remotely Piloted Vehicle

An algorithm to maneuver an air vehicle to intercept and follow a pre-planned path while remaining within an arbitrary, closed boundary is outlined. The immediate application is for an autonomous lost-link return-to-runway function for a remotely piloted vehicle being developed by NASA, but other applications are hypothesized. Results of implementation in a flight simulator are given.
Technique for reducing the redundant and self-correlation terms in joint transform correlators

We describe a joint transform correlator in which the reference signal and the input scene are placed in different input planes along the optical axis. We show that this system focuses the off-axis crosscorrelation functions and the on-axis autocorrelation functions in different output planes. In a conventional joint transform correlator these terms are produced in the same output plane. The effect of placing the input scene and the reference signal in different input planes is analyzed mathematically. Computer simulations and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of this correlator. We show that for the nonlinear joint transform correlator the higher-order correlation terms are produced in different output planes.
Eep Confers Lysozyme Resistance to Enterococcus faecalis via the Activation of the Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor SigV

Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract of most mammals, including humans, and is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. One of the hallmarks of E. faecalis pathogenesis is its unusual ability to tolerate high concentrations of lysozyme, which is an important innate immune component of the host. Previous studies have shown that the presence of lysozyme leads to the activation of SigV, an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor in E. faecalis, and that the deletion of sigV increases the susceptibility of the bacterium toward lysozyme. Here, we describe the contribution of Eep, a membrane-bound zinc metalloprotease, to the activation of SigV under lysozyme stress by its effects on the stability of the anti-sigma factor RsiV. We demonstrate that the Δeep mutant phenocopies the ΔsigV mutant in lysozyme, heat, ethanol, and acid stress susceptibility. We also show, using an immunoblot analysis, that in an eep deletion mutant, the anti-sigma factor RsiV is only partially degraded after lysozyme exposure, suggesting that RsiV is processed by unknown protease(s) prior to the action of Eep. An additional observation is that the deletion of rsiV, which results in constitutive SigV expression, leads to chaining of cells, suggesting that SigV might be involved in regulating cell wall-modifying enzymes important in cell wall turnover. We also demonstrate that, in the absence of eep or sigV, enterococci bind significantly more lysozyme, providing a plausible explanation for the increased sensitivity of these mutants toward lysozyme.
Multimedia fate and transport models: an overview.

(1983). Multimedia Fate and Transport Models: An Overview. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 21, No. 1-2, pp. 65-95.
Integrated Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Analysis Identifies Important Traits and Mechanisms Associated with Differential Response of Rice Genotypes to Elevated Temperature

In changing climate, heat stress caused by high temperature poses a serious threat to rice cultivation. A multiple organizational analysis at physiological, biochemical and molecular level is required to fully understand the impact of elevated temperature in rice. This study was aimed at deciphering the elevated temperature response in eleven popular and mega rice cultivars widely grown in India. Physiological and biochemical traits specifically membrane thermostability (MTS), antioxidants, and photosynthesis were studied at vegetative and reproductive phases which were used to establish a correlation with grain yield under stress. Several useful traits in different genotypes were identified which will be important resource to develop high temperature tolerant rice cultivars. Interestingly, Nagina22 emerged as best performer in terms of yield as well as expression of physiological and biochemical traits at elevated temperature. It showed lesser relative injury, lesser reduction in chlorophyll content, increased super oxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activity, lesser reduction in net photosynthetic rate (PN), high transpiration rate (E) and other photosynthetic/ fluorescence parameters contributing to least reduction in spikelet fertility and grain yield at elevated temperature. Further, expression of 14 genes including heat shock transcription factors and heat shock proteins was analyzed in Nagina22 (tolerant) and Vandana (susceptible) at flowering phase, strengthening the fact that N22 performs better at molecular level also during elevated temperature. This study shows that elevated temperature response is complex and involves multiple biological processes which are needed to be characterized to address the challenges of future climate extreme conditions.
Cotton Strains Resistant to the Cotton Fleahopper

Glabrous and hirsute experimental strains of Gossypium hirsutum L. were evaluated in cage. small-plot, and field experiments for the influence of these 2 characters against the cotton fleahopper, Psallus seriatus (Reuter). The glabrous character suppressed populations of fleahoppers below economically damaging levels and was as effective as some recommended insecticides. The sources of this character did not alter the degree of plant resistance. nor did the presence or absence of pigment glands or nectaries.
School achievement, social status, and self-esteem.

The primary focus of this study is upon variation in the effect of status upon self-esteem. Data were collected through interviews with the senior class of a Michigan high school. The findings indicate that academic achievement had an important impact upon status in this senior class. The effect of academic achievement upon self-esteem, however, appeared to vary depending upon patterns of association with other students and upon the values that could be inferred as the bases for status placement in different networks. The general conclusion is that being well informed about one's location in a status hierarchy does not necessarily have the same consequences as being frequently reminded of that location. This evidence supports the idea that our conception of self, and, consequently, our degree of concern for achievement in various areas, is anchored primarily in on-going social relationships in recurring social settings.
Human Freedom in the Best of All Possible Worlds

This, said Leibniz, is the best of all possible worlds. But, whatever our doubts regarding the appropriateness of Leibniz's optimism-and they are many-it is not our intention to air them here. Rather, we have a much more limited and prosaic aim in mind; namely, to inquire whether, consistently with his general metaphysical system, Leibniz can include among the many perfections contained within this best of all possible worlds that of human freedom of will. We believe, and will attempt to show, that he cannot.
Insights into the Electronic Structure of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide from Generalized Valence Bond Theory: Bonding in O3 and SO2.

There are many well-known differences in the physical and chemical properties of ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). O3 has longer and weaker bonds than O2, whereas SO2 has shorter and stronger bonds than SO. The O–O2 bond is dramatically weaker than the O–SO bond, and the singlet–triplet gap in SO2 is more than double that in O3. In addition, O3 is a very reactive species, while SO2 is far less so. These disparities have been attributed to variations in the amount of diradical character in the two molecules. In this work, we use generalized valence bond (GVB) theory to characterize the electronic structure of ozone and sulfur dioxide, showing O3 does indeed possess significant diradical character, whereas SO2 is effectively a closed shell molecule. The GVB results provide critical insights into the genesis of the observed difference in these two isoelectronic species. SO2 possesses a recoupled pair bond dyad in the a″(π) system, resulting in SO double bonds. The π system of O3, on the other hand, has a ...
Current knowledge of water quality and safety for livestock.

Water is the most important nutrient for animals. Using the best-quality drinking water available contributes to the optimal production of livestock. Restricted quantity of drinking water or drinking water containing excessive levels of nitrate, total dissolved solids, sulfate, or other constituents can affect growth and production of all classes of animals. Drinking-water quality and availability should be evaluated as a cause of poor performance or nonspecific disease conditions in livestock. A thorough laboratory examination of animal specimens and water samples should be evaluated in view of existing standards for livestock drinking-water quality.
Naval Power and Navies

The terms naval power and naval warfare are of central importance to the field of naval analysis. Gray (1992, p. 3) defines naval power as ‘an instrument of state policy whose activities, expertise and weapons are plainly distinguishable from land power’. It is a tool for accomplishing national military objectives within and from the maritime environment. The elements which constitute naval power are numerous and varied, as are the factors which influence its development. Chief among these factors is geography, in terms of its influence on both maritime nations and navies.
Design and Demonstration of Ultra-Thin Glass 3D IPD Diplexers

This paper demonstrates, for the first time, 3D integrated passive device (IPD) diplexers on ultra-thin glass substrates for wireless local area network (WLAN) application in mobile devices. The designed LC-based diplexer was composed of a low-band filter and a high-band filter, built on ultra-thin glass substrates. The two filters were designed on each side of the glass substrate and interconnected by through-package-vias (TPVs) to form a 3D IPD. Ultra-thin and low-loss dryfilm dielectrics were utilized for improved electrical performance as well as to achieve high-density of passives integration. The demonstrated 3D IPD diplexer is 3-4X thinner than current LTCC devices, with lateral dimensions of 1.1mm x 1.3mm in a thickness of 200µm resulting in a low insertion loss of less than 1dB for pass bands and more than 24dB stop-band rejection.
Partition and its legacies

These three solidly researched books all deal with partition in South Asia. All three provide chilling descriptions of the fallout of partition on ordinary human beings, and seek to draw out lesson...
Provenance and Production Location Affects Growth and Quality of Quercus phellos and Q. shumardii Seedlings

Abstract Seed origin is an important part of oak production that is often ignored by many shade tree growers when selecting material for production. Results of this study indicate interactions between seed sources and production environments have a marked effect on growth and quality of seedlings of willow (Quercus phellos L.) and shumard (Q. shumardii Buckl.) oak in the first two years of production. Seedlings from selected provenances, grown in different hardiness zones, varied more in plant height than trunk caliper and quality. Seedlings from the southern part of the native range of the two species generally grew better in both climates the first growing season. After the second season, total height growth for the various provenances indicated provenance genotype was more important than where seeds were collected. Provenances from the southern native range did not out perform those collected from the central and northern sectors. Exposing seedlings from various provenances to four environmental regime...
Collision and Oxidation of Silver Nanoparticles on a Gold Nanoband Electrode

We report the use of gold nanoband electrodes ranging from 60 to 180 nm in width to study collision and oxidation of single Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The use of nanoscale electrodes has enabled the observation of unique single-NP collision responses indicating a strong electrode size effect when the critical dimension of the electrode (the bandwidth) is reduced to that of NPs. In addition to multipeak events, NP collision on a nanoband electrode displays reduced collision frequency, significantly higher probability of single-peak events, and fewer subpeaks. More importantly, the average charge transferred in a single-peak event is about 50% less than that of the first subpeak of a multipeak event. The reduced charge of single-peak collisions and the more frequent appearance on nanoelectrodes are strong evidence that NPs start to behave differently at the electrode/solution interface when the size of the electrode is reduced to be comparable to that of the NPs. The reduced charge is likely due to a weaker pa...
Communicating Inequalities to Enhance Support for Obesity-Prevention Policies: The Role of Social Comparisons, Age Frames, and Emotion

ABSTRACTWith certain populations in the United States at higher risk for obesity than other populations, public health advocates have attempted to draw attention to these inequalities to galvanize support for obesity-mitigation policies. Yet research comparing different messages about social inequalities indicates that not all social comparisons are persuasive. Drawing on Weiner’s (1986) theory of perceived responsibility and social motivation, I experimentally tested promising message frames about obesity disparities. Participants (N = 653) read one of six messages following a 3 (social comparison frame: geographic vs. racial vs. no-comparison) × 2 (age frame: child vs. adult) between-subjects design. Unexpectedly, geographic frames (rural/urban) indirectly decreased policy support relative to the control frame by way of increased counterarguing. Compared to adult frames about obesity inequalities, childhood frames evoked more sympathy and less internal attribution, which in turn positively predicted sup...
Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) Using Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Assembly in Organic Solvent.

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) have potential impact on a wide range of industries, including healthcare, food packaging, and automobile. A tremendouseffort has been focused on developing novel fabrication methods for making SLIPS. However, current fabrication methods usually involve harsh conditions and complicated postfabrication modifications or are limited to specific substrates. Presented here is a novel method for the fast and facile fabrication of SLIPS. Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of branched polyethylenimine and Nafion, a perfluorinated polyelectrolyte, is performed with methanol as the solvent. Hierarchically rough and superhydrophobic surface is obtained directly without further modification on various substrates. The surface properties are shown to highly depend on the LBL assembly parameters, including deposition cycles, dipping time, rinsing time, and drying time between baths. The polyelectrolyte multilayers obtained with this method are infused with Krytox 100 to form SL...
Abusive Coworker Treatment, Coworker Support, and Employee Turnover:

Hostile treatment from others at work can have undesirable consequences. The present study aims to validate this proposition by examining whether abusive coworker treatment is a significant predict...
Palsgrave, John (?1480–1554)

John Palsgrave, a native of London, wrote the first major grammar of the French language, Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse (1530), which also included an English–French dictionary. After studying in Paris, Palsgrave entered holy orders and was named French tutor to Mary, Henry VIII's sister and future Queen of France (1512–1513). Following her marriage to Louis XII in 1515, Palsgrave returned to England, worked with Thomas More, visited Erasmus, studied law in Louvain, and continued tutoring members of the royal family (for full biographical details, see Carver, 1937).
Designing the Internship in Educational Leadership as a Transformative Tool for Improved Practice.

The internship is a crucial part of leadership preparation programs for bridging the gap between theory and practice. As such, the purpose of this article is to explore what the literature says abo...
Nitrous Oxide Sources and Mitigation Strategies

Industrial and biological fixation of N2 has outpaced denitrification; as a result, N has become a major pollutant. Nitrogen fertilization is a substantial source of nitrogen-containing trace gases that have both regional and global consequences. Achieving synchrony between N supply and crop demand without excess or deficiency is the key to optimizing trade-offs amongst yield, profit, and environmental protection in both large-scale systems in developed countries and small-scale systems in developing countries. Improving the efficiency of N use by crops plants is crucial for meeting this challenge. Practices for better synchronization of N supply with plant needs include use of soil tests, better timing, and placement of fertilizers, cover crops during fallow periods, use of slow release and controlled release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors. Use of available technology and best management practices could reduce N2O emission by 30–40%. Mitigation of N2O through improved N management has additional economic benefits of decreasing fertilizer needs and minimizing production costs.
2.3 Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy: The Phasor Approach

Fluorescence lifetime is a fundamental spectroscopic quantity that allows several types of analyses including the identification of molecular species based on lifetime, Forster Resonance Energy Transfer, contrast due to different ion concentrations, and measurements of chemical equilibria. For measurements done in a cuvette, in which spatial resolution is not needed, there are two major approaches for the acquisition of fluorescence decay. One is based on Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) or time-sampling of the intensity decay after pulse excitation, and a second is based on measurement of the harmonic response of the fluorescence system using modulated light excitation. The measurement of the fluorescence decay in the context of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) can also be performed using several methods: TCSPC, time-sampling approach and the frequency-domain, although the modalities of data acquisition and the type of detectors can be different from those used for cuvette experiments. One difference between FLIM and cuvette measurements is that in FLIM, only a few photons (about 1000 or fewer) are collected per pixel. This is barely enough to distinguish a single from a double exponential decay, which is required to determine whether two species are present in the same pixel.
Participation of Microgrids in Frequency Regulation Markets

The increasing ubiquity of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power grid provides an opportunity for them to collectively participate in frequency regulation. In this paper, we propose a framework for the participation of microgrids, each acting as an aggregator of certain number of DERs, in the frequency regulation market when operating in grid-connected mode. Our treatment covers both the determination of bids for the market clearance stage and mechanisms for the real-time allocation of the regulation signal. Regarding market clearance, we develop abstractions of the microgrid capabilities regarding capacity, cost of generation, and ramp rates as a function of the individual energy resources that comprise it. Regarding real-time allocation of the regulation signal, we formulate an optimization problem that seeks to minimize the collective cost of the microgrids while respecting operational constraints. Since this problem is not always feasible due to the ramp rate constraints of the microgrids, we provide an alternative formulation that incorporates the minimization of the deviation between the procured collective regulation and the required one. We synthesize an algorithm whose execution involves the coordination of the system operator and the microgrids, and establish its asymptotic convergence to the desired optimizers. Simulations illustrate our results.
Annotation Schemes for Surface Construction Labeling

In this talk I will describe the interaction of linguistics and language technologies in Surface Construction Labeling (SCL) from the perspective of corpus annotation tasks such as definiteness, modality, and causality. Linguistically, following Construction Grammar, SCL recognizes that meaning may be carried by morphemes, words, or arbitrary constellations of morpho-lexical elements. SCL is like Shallow Semantic Parsing in that it does not attempt a full compositional analysis of meaning, but rather identifies only the main elements of a semantic frame, where the frames may be invoked by constructions as well as lexical items. Computationally, SCL is different from tasks such as information extraction in that it deals only with meanings that are expressed in a conventional, grammaticalized way and does not address inferred meanings. I review the work of Dunietz (2018) on the labeling of causal frames including causal connectives and cause and effect arguments. I will describe how to design an annotation scheme for SCL, including isolating basic units of form and meaning and building a “constructicon”. I will conclude with remarks about the nature of universal categories and universal meaning representations in language technologies. This talk describes joint work with Jaime Carbonell, Jesse Dunietz, Nathan Schneider, and Miriam Petruck.
Deformation of a ferrofluid droplet in simple shear flows under uniform magnetic fields

We numerically investigate the deformation and orientation of a ferrofluid droplet in a simple shear flow under a uniform magnetic field. The numerical simulation is based on the finite element method and couples the magnetic and flow fields. A level set method is used to model the dynamic motion of the droplet interface. Systematic numerical simulations are used to assess the effects of the direction and the strength of the magnetic field. Focusing on low Reynolds number flows (Re ≲ 0.02), the numerical results indicate that at a small capillary number (Ca ≈ 0.02), the magnetic field dominates over the shear flow above a certain magnetic bond number (Bom ≈ 3). The orientation of the droplet is aligned with the direction of the magnetic field, while the deformation of the droplet varies slightly when the direction of the magnetic field is varied. On the other hand, for large capillary numbers (Ca ≈ 0.23), the deformation and orientation of the droplet is influenced by both the shear flow and the magnetic field, except for a small magnetic bond number (Bom ≲ 0.2). In both the small and large capillary number cases, the droplet deformation is found to be maximum at α = 45° (the direction of magnetic field) and minimum at α = 135°. In addition, the effect of the magnetic field on the flow field inside and outside the droplet at different conditions is examined. We demonstrate active control of lateral migration of ferrofluid droplets in wall-bounded simple shear flows. The direction of the lateral migration depends on the orientation of the deformed droplets due to uniform magnetic fields at different directions.
Charge influence on point defect interactions with xenon bubbles in uranium dioxide

The interaction of xenon (Xe) bubbles with small self-defects in uranium dioxide (UO2) has been studied using molecular statics simulations. The results show that the pressure and size of bubbles have a minimal impact on the heterogeneity of the interaction between a charge neutral Xe bubble and charged point defects, while the local charge distribution around the bubble overwhelmingly determines the interaction strength and critical interaction distance. The charge effect on the interactions between Xe bubbles and defects was further confirmed by assessing the point defect interaction energies with negatively or positively charged Xe bubbles. The Xe density, or pressure, has a much smaller effect on the interaction energy between charged bubbles and small defects at least for low and medium pressure bubbles. The interactions between charged Xe bubbles and point defects basically follow the Coulomb electrostatic interaction law, which is independent of the empirical potentials employed for the Xe–UO2 system in this work.
Short-Cycle School Improvement Planning as a Lever to Launch School Turnaround: A Descriptive Analysis of Plans

BackgroundSchool improvement planning is a common school leadership practice built on assumptions that schools increase organizational performance if rational yearly plans are developed and then en...
Diversity and Inclusion in Breast Imaging and Radiology at Large: What Can We Do to Improve?

Purpose of review A racially and ethnically diverse healthcare workforce leads to increased access to care and better health outcomes. Radiology and specifically the patient-centered subspecialty of breast imaging have a growing mismatch between the demographics of the physician workforce and the patient population served. Identifying and addressing the barriers for diversity is imperative in order to decrease disparities in breast cancer morbidity and mortality and achieve excellence in patient care. Recent findings Three major barriers to promoting diversity and inclusion in the field of breast imaging and in the specialty of radiology more generally are unconscious bias, lack of mentorship for underrepresented minority (URM) students, and career development challenges facing women in radiology. We focus on these three issues and provide suggestions for addressing each of them. Summary Tackling unconscious bias through encouraging individual accountability and establishing implicit bias programs at the institutional level, supporting both formal and informal mentorship opportunities for URMs, and creating an environment to support women in leadership will bring us one step closer to fostering a diverse and inclusive breast imaging workforce and meeting the healthcare needs of the diverse US population.