cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postplacental intrauterine device insertion at a teaching hospital.

Abstract Objective To determine whether postplacental intrauterine device (IUD) insertion can be safely and effectively performed within a teaching program. Study Design This was a prospective cohort of 177 subjects planning vaginal delivery enrolled antenatally who desired postplacental IUD insertion of either the copper T380A IUD or levonorgestrel IUS. Insertions were performed primarily by resident physicians following a training session. Follow-up included a 4- to 8-week visit and telephone calls at 3 and 6 months. Results Ninety-nine subjects underwent successful postplacental IUD insertion of 100 attempts. Seventeen expulsions (17%) were noted: 10 complete and 7 partial. The study identified no differences in outcome by training level; however, the study lacked statistical power to evaluate anything other than large differences. Conclusion Postplacental IUD insertions can be safely and effectively performed within a training program. Implications A training protocol may safely and feasibly be initiated among physicians, advanced practice clinicians or trainees with no prior experience with postplacental IUD insertion. By initiating this practice, access to highly effective contraception may increase for patients who have difficulty returning for a visit or otherwise receiving effective methods.
Research Issues in Systems Analysis and Design, Databases and Software Development

New Concepts such as agile modeling, extreme programming, knowledge management, and organizational memory are stimulating new research ideas amoung researchers, and prompting new applications and software. Revolution and evolution are common in the areas of information systemsdevelopment and database. Research Issues in Systems Analysis is a collection of the most up-to-date research-oriented chapters on information systems development and database. Research Issues in Systems Analysis and Design, Databases and Software Development is designed to provide the understanding of the capabilities and features of new ideas and concepts in the information systems development, database, and forthcoming technologies. The chapters in this innovative publication provide a representation of top notch research in all areas of systems analysis and design and database.
The Evolving Law of Environmental Protection in the United States: 1970-1991

Published in Australia, this article provides a succinct review of the way in which environmental law grew, endured, and matured in the United States between 1970 and 1991. It also takes a brief look at the progress which those regulatory programs produced as well addressing some of the remaining problems.
Hyperbolic metasurfaces

The properties of surface plasmons supported by infinitesimally thin hyperbolic metasurfaces are investigated in detail. Hyperbolic metasurfaces are rigorously modelled using uniaxial conductivity tensors, thus taking into account their combined dielectric/metallic nature. The dispersion relation of the supported modes is analytically derived and asymptotically simplified to closely follow the branches of the TM hyperbolic isofrequency contour. The features of the supported plasmons include i) an ideally infinite field confinement, limited in practice by the presence of losses and the periodicity of the engineered structure, and ii) propagation along specific directions within the sheet, which can be controlled by manipulating the components of the metasurface conductivity tensor. We envision that hyperbolic metasurfaces may find application in guided plasmonic devices, enhancing the spontaneous emission rate of emitters, imaging and sensing.
Compounds Found in the Defensive Scent Glands of Harpalus caliginosus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Following unusually heavy rains in May 1965, a bumper crop of beetles appeared on the scene and on the highways of central Texas. Swarms of Carabidae over-ran the streets of San Antonio and were crushed by passing vehicles, leaving behind a surface so slick that driving became hazardous. Beetles, mainly Harpalus caliginosus (F.), appeared also in Austin, but not in such great numbers. However, enough were available to support a chemical investigation of the compounds found in their defensive scent glands.
Atypical β-adrenergic receptors in rat liver : evidence for transient expression during aging

This study was designed to determine whether functional beta 3-adrenergic receptors exist in the rat liver and whether there are alterations in the beta 3-adrenergic response with age in a manner similar to that which occurs for beta 2-adrenergic receptors. The beta 3 stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity was assessed using the novel beta 3-specific agonist, CGP-12177A. Adenylyl cyclase activation by CGP-12177A was seen only in the adults. Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was high in the neonates, declined by 45% in the adults, and was high again in the senescent rats. ICI 118551, a beta 2-selective antagonist, attenuated the isoproterenol-stimulated activity by two-thirds but had no effect on the CGP-12177A-stimulated activity. These data demonstrated the presence of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor in the rat liver, although only at the adult stage of development. In addition, these data confirm earlier findings that beta 2-adrenergic activation of adenylyl cyclase is biphasic with age and indicate that the emergence of the beta 3-stimulated activity coincides with the attenuation of beta 2-stimulated activity.
Palliative Care: Benefits, Barriers, and Best Practices

Palliative care improves the quality of life for patients with a life-threatening illness and for their families. Despite documented benefits, palliative care is underutilized in the management of advanced or terminal illnesses.
Thought about the Industrialized Development of Xinjiang's Wolfberry Resources

Xinjiang\'s wolfberry is ranked to the first place in terms of output and quality for its unique production conditions but industrialized level is low, with weak sense in deep procession and brand. Xinjiang\'s wolfberry industrialized development enjoys sufficient conditions, so this process must be greatly hastened.
The case of mis-management and lost accreditation

This is a true story of a 100 year old plus academic institution, which saw its reputation maligned and discredited through the acts of a new university president. Those acts led to complete upheaval of the institution, numerous firings of faculty and staff personnel and the mass exit of others. The result was that a once well respected institution was now on the ropes and faced the possibility of shutting its doors.
On The Direct and Inverse Elastic Wave Scattering Problem to Characterize Damage in Materials

In this paper we consider a region of damage as a region of the material in which the elastic constants have substantially smaller values than in the undamaged state. The reduction of the elastic constants may be due to void distributions, zones of plastic deformation, microcracking and other generally continuous distributions of inhomogeneities which have a deleterious effect on the stiffness and presumably also the local strength of the material.
Context-Specific Eldercare Patterns, Cultural Categories of Elder Mistreatment, and Potential Social Causes in Post-Socialist China

This article explores the impact of housing reform on eldercare patterns through examining the social causes for the increasing phenomenon of elder mistreatment in urban China. Based on my ethnographic fieldwork in Shanghai, this article suggests a new eldercare pattern, including prioritized conjugal care, “heritage-based” adult-child care, as well as housing-for-pension care. This pattern has been constructed in the post-reform era in Chinese urban areas, which lays a foundation for a culture-related elder mistreatment. Three cultural categories of elder mistreatment have been identified: neglect and/or intergenerational conflicts, family care and ties contingent upon inheritance of the seniors’ houses, and “structural mistreatment.” Further examination suggests three major factors contributing to the emerging phenomenon of elder mistreatment: (1) privatization of housing ownership resulting in social-spatial differentiation of living affecting care patterns and potential for mistreatment of the elderly; (2) sociocultural limitations and structural restrictions on approaching social eldercare resulting from an economically-focused social environment; and (3) transformed social values, such as materialism and individualism, which have led to reinterpretation of intergenerational exchange. By contextualizing elder mistreatment within housing reform, this study offers a new perspective for studies of the family in post-reform China.
Recent Advances in Digital Holography: Referenceless Holography using Transport of Intensity and its Applications

Transport of intensity is a referenceless technique for holography where the phase is computed from intensity measurements at different planes during propagation. Applications of the technique in mapping phase objects and 3D profiles are discussed.
Understanding Etiology of Hearing Loss as a Contributor to Language Dysfluency and its Impact on Assessment and Treatment of People who are Deaf in Mental Health Settings

Working with individuals who are deaf in mental health settings can be complex work, necessitating consideration for the difference in language abilities. These differences include not only the language differences of American Sign Language (ASL) and English, but also the range of heterogeneity within the Deaf Community. Multiple influences such as mental illness, medical conditions, language deprivation and the etiology of deafness can impact how a person acquires and uses language. This article will discuss how various causes of deafness create the potential for specific language dysfluencies with individuals who are deaf in mental health settings. The article will also discuss the use of communication assessments to examine specific language dysfluency patterns and attempt to offer possible corresponding interventions.
Efficiency-Profitability Relationship of Indian Public Sector Banks: Who Is the Superstar?

This article is an attempt to explore the relationship between Technical Efficiency (TE) and profitability of 27 Public Sector Banks (PSBs) based on cross section data of 2015. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to calculate the TE score. It is observed that the average TE score of the industry is 85.8 percent. This result indicates that the Indian PSBs have the capacity of producing 1.16 as much output by using same level of inputs. It is also found that the operating efficiency of State Bank of India Group is higher than the Non‐State Bank of India Group. The investigation of efficiency‐profitability matrix on the basis of efficiency scores and Return on Assets (ROA) revealed that the resource utilization process of 14 banks are not satisfactory. These banks are falling in the ‘lucky’ and ‘underdog’ quadrants of the matrix. 7 Indian PSBs occupied the position of the ‘ace’ quadrant. These banks are the role models of other inefficient banks. Out of these 7 ‘ace’ banks 4 banks are in the ‘superstar’ category whose TE scores is one and ROA is also above average. Further investigation established that the State Bank of Hyderabad is the most efficient bank in the industry and this bank may be awarded as the ‘Superstar’ of the Indian Public Sector Banking Industry.
Effects of supervised and unsupervised physical activity programmes for weight loss.

SummaryObjectives Physical activity is important for weight management. However, it remains unclear what type of physical activity prescription/programme is optimal for increasing physical activity during a standard behavioural weight loss intervention. This study examined changes in physical activity after a 12-week supervised programme prescribed in minutes per week (SUP-PA), an unsupervised programme prescribed in minutes per week (UNSUP-PA) and an unsupervised programme prescribed in steps per day (STEP). Methods Fifty-two adults who were overweight or obese (age: 43.5 ± 10.1 years, BMI: 31.5 ± 3.5 kg·m−2) were randomized to STEP (n = 18), UNSUP-PA (n = 17) and SUP-PA (n = 17). Subjects attended weekly in-person group intervention sessions and were prescribed a calorie-restricted diet (1,200–1,800 kcals·day−1) combined with increased physical activity (150 min·week−1 or 10,000 steps·day−1 with 2,500 brisk steps·day−1). Results All three groups significantly increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (STEP: 80.6 ± 218.5 min·week−1, UNSUP-PA: 112.9 ± 180.4 min·week−1 and SUP-PA: 151.1 ± 174.0 min·week−1, p < 0.001) with no differences between groups (p = 0.94) or group by time interaction (p = 0.81). In addition, there were no significant differences in weight loss between the groups (p = 0.81). Conclusions In this short-term study, all three physical activity programmes increased physical activity and elicited modest weight loss when combined with a standard behavioural weight loss intervention.
A Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Choroidal Neovascularization in a Porcine Model Using Three Targeted Drugs.

Purpose To compare the efficacy of microneedle-delivered suprachoroidal (SC) pazopanib to intravitreal (Ivit) delivery of pazopanib, bevacizumab, or a fusion protein hI-con1 versus vehicle controls on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) growth in a pig model. Methods Forty-one pigs were injected on the day of CNV induction (hI-con1 on postinduction day 14) with either 2.5 mg Ivit bevacizumab (n = 9), 1 mg Ivit pazopanib (n = 9), 300 Ivit μg hI-con1 (n = 4), or 1 mg SC pazopanib (n = 9), vs. 10 vehicle controls (3 SC + 7 Ivit = 10). Pigs were euthanized at week 2 (11), 3 (8), 4 (11), and 8 (11), and eyes were fixed for histology. The size of the CNV was determined from histology, and CNV height was the primary outcome measure. Immunostaining for cytotoxic T-cells was performed in the hI-con1 study. Results In 39 of 41 (95%) eyes, type 2 CNV lesions were identified. One CNV lesion was lost during dissection. One animal was euthanized due to surgical complications. For mean CNV size comparisons, Ivit pazopanib had smaller mean height measurements (90 ± 20 μm) versus controls (180 ± 20 μm; P = 0.009), and Ivit pazopanib had smaller maximum CNV height (173 ± 43 μm) compared to SC pazopanib (478 ± 105 μm; P = 0.018). The mean lesion size in hI-con1-treated animals trended smaller than in controls (P = 0.11). Immunostaining did not detect cytotoxic T-cells. Conclusions Intravitreal pazopanib and to a lesser extent hI-con1 reduced the size of CNV lesions. The pig model has nearly a 100% rate of type 2 CNV induction and is a reliable preclinical model with pharmacodynamics similar to humans.
Effects of Social Facilitation and Observational Learning on Feeding Behavior of the Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)

-In the presence of food-deprived and therefore rapidly feeding Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), pairs of nondeprived conspecifics increased their own food consumption and spillage. The effect of social facilitation appeared amplified when both pairs of birds were food-deprived. Blackbirds also showed clear differential preferences for novel foods based on observations of male conspecifics consuming and spilling novel food. Social facilitation of feeding and observational learning of differential food preferences for novel foods may help to explain the Red-winged Blackbird's tendency to locate and exploit (i.e. damage) crops during short periods when the crops are especially vulnerable. Received 30 January 1981, accepted 21 April 1981. SOCIALLY facilitated behavior such as flocking may protect birds from predators (Conner et al. 1975, Clayton 1979, Lazarus 1979) and contribute to reproductive synchrony (Roell 1978). Social facilitation may also lead to a more complete exploitation of food resources by birds through more rapid selection of new foods (Davies 1976, Traemer and Kemp 1979) or through increased food consumption (Rubenstein et al. 1977, Feare and Inglis 1979). Consumption is influenced by the feeding rates of neighboring birds in a flock, regardless of their sex, or, sometimes, their species (Fairchild et al. 1977). In addition, consumption is discriminative for most species, i.e. individuals forage selelctively and tend to choose foods that other birds in the flock are choosing (e.g. Murton 1971, Williamson and Grey 1975). Social facilitation of food selection among members of a flock may have deleterious agricultural consequences. For example, foraging based on observational learning may encourage the selective crop damage that is often produced by gregarious pests, such as Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Here, we report two experiments that demonstrate that: (1) Red-winged Blackbirds will increase their feeding activity in the presence of feeding conspecifics; and (2) Red-winged Blackbirds differentially select some foods as a result of observing the behaviors of other individuals. EXPERIMENT 1, SOCIAL FACILITATION OF FEEDING
Simultaneous measurements of dissolved CH 4 and H 2 in wetland soils

Biogeochemical processes in wetland soils are complex and are driven by a microbiological community that competes for resources and affects the soil chemistry. Depending on the availability of various electron acceptors, the high carbon input to wetland soils can make them important sources of methane production and emissions. There are two significant pathways for methanogenesis: acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The hydrogenotrophic pathway is dependent on the availability of dissolved hydrogen gas (H2), and there is significant competition for available H2. This study presents simultaneous measurements of dissolved methane and H2 over a 2-year period at three tidal marshes in the New Jersey Meadowlands. Methane reservoirs show a significant correlation with dissolved organic carbon, temperature, and methane emissions, whereas the H2 concentrations measured with dialysis samplers do not show significant relationships with these field variables. Data presented in this study show that increased dissolved H2 reservoirs in wetland soils correlate with decreased methane reservoirs, which is consistent with studies that have shown that elevated levels of H2 inhibit methane production by inhibiting propionate fermentation, resulting in less acetate production and hence decreasing the contribution of acetoclastic methanogenesis to the overall production of methane.
What Can We Learn From Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Values Deleted and Repeated by Nurses?

Background:Hospitals rely on point-of-care (POC) blood glucose (BG) values to guide important decisions related to insulin administration and glycemic control. Evaluation of POC BG in hospitalized ...
Big Data in Cloud Computing: A Resource Management Perspective

The modern day advancement is increasingly digitizing our lives which has led to a rapid growth of data. Such multidimensional datasets are precious due to the potential of unearthing new knowledge and developing decision-making insights from them. Analyzing this huge amount of data from multiple sources can help organizations to plan for the future and anticipate changing market trends and customer requirements. While the Hadoop framework is a popular platform for processing larger datasets, there are a number of other computing infrastructures, available to use in various application domains. The primary focus of the study is how to classify major big data resource management systems in the context of cloud computing environment. We identify some key features which characterize big data frameworks as well as their associated challenges and issues. We use various evaluation metrics from different aspects to identify usage scenarios of these platforms. The study came up with some interesting findings which are in contradiction with the available literature on the Internet.
Design for Variety: Development of Complexity Indices and Design Charts

Mark V. MartinDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanford, CAmvmartin@leland.stanford.eduKosuke IshiiDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanford, CAishii@cdr.stanford.eduABSTRACTThis paper describes methods to help project leaders andengineers manage the costs of providing variety to the market.As companies look for ways to stay competitive in the globalmarketplace, the concept of mass customization has appearedas a potential advantage. Armed with new manufacturing andinformation technologies, companies are trying to determinethe amount of variety that they should offer to optimize profits.Our Design for Variety (DFV) research focuses onmethodologies which will help companies quantify the costs ofproviding variety and will qualitatively guide designers indeveloping products that incur minimum variety costs. Theproposed tools incorporate quantitative indices and qualitativedesign charts. Examples from electronics and automotiveindustries illustrate the utility of the tools.KEYWORDS: Commonality, Modularity, Late-PointDifferentiation, Supply Chain, Design for Manufacturability1. INTRODUCTIONPine (1993) introduced a paradigm called “masscustomization” which appears to be the successor to theconcept of mass production. This new paradigm takes the bestattributes of the mass production system (mainly the ability toproduce quality items at a low cost due to economies of scale)and combines it with the ability to offer to the marketplace awide variety of “customized” products. Thus, this new systemwould enable a company to increase its market share andprofits by offering competitively priced products to smallerniche markets.With this new vision, numerous companies have raced toincrease the number of products that they offer to the customer.The premise of mass customization is based on the ability toproduce increasing amounts of product include flexible (i.e.,rapid setup) equipment, user-friendly information technologysystems, sophisticated distribution strategies, and newmanagement structures that accommodate the short cycle timesand increasing complexity of offering numerous products tothe marketplace.Unfortunately, the true costs of providing variety are notalways understood, and companies may actually see lowerprofits than expected. Some companies, such as DensoInternational and Mabuchi Motor recognize this potentialproblem and have taken actions to contain the amount ofvariety they offer (Henkoff, 1995).1.1 Industry InterestResearch on DFV (Ishii et al., 1995) initially addressedappliances at GE, where the proliferation of refrigeratorproducts was becoming a concern. Since that time, numerouscompanies have expressed their interest in the topic and theyseek descriptive and prescriptive methods to help them handlevariety in their design and manufacturing operations. We arecurrently working with Hewlett-Packard, Denso International,Boeing, and Ford to help them understand how variety affectstheir costs.
First species of Oreoeudesis from Rwanda, with description of suboreon subgen. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

The Afrotropical genus Oreoeudesis Franz was previously known to occur in Tanzania, Kenya and Cameroon. A new species, Oreoeudesis ruandensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of a material coming from Rwanda. Differences in cephalic, pronotal, mesonotal and genital structures justify placing the new species in a separate subgenus, Suboreon subgen. nov. Morphological structures of O. ruandensis, especially the large composite eyes and fully developed wings, seem to be plesiomorphic as compared to derived character states in the previously known, microphthalmous or anophthalmous and wingless species.
Investigating Coordination Indicators in Epidemiological Surveillance for Influenza

Containing infectious disease requires coordination among various epidemiology organizations on a global basis. Coordination at a global level is dependent epidemiological surveillance processes that, while under the management of local epidemiology departments, require the participation of a disparate group of non-epidemiologists. In this paper, the influenza virus is isolated to examine if strong analytic process coordination is occurring in practice for this annually reoccurring disease. Confirmatory factor analysis is utilized on 2,484 cases of influenza recorded during a 15-month timeframe in the epidemiological database of a local public health department. The results confirm the presence of four, primary constructs that underlie this analytical process. The results suggest that coordination conflict is substantial even with a cyclically, reoccurring disease. The analysis demonstrates how theory and methodology can intertwine to assist in identifying process coordination and conflict in epidemiological surveillance, and support the application of this analysis approach to other analytical processes.
The Role of the ICCIDD in the Global Program for the Elimination of Brain Damage Due to Iodine Deficiency

The International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) consists of a multidisciplinary global expert network of over 700 professionals from more than 100 countries with an official relationship with the World Health Organization (WHO). This network includes scientists, public health administrators, technologists, communicators, economists, salt producers and other experts, who are committed to assisting national governments and international agencies in the development of national programs for the elimination of brain damage due to iodine deficiency. The ICCIDD has 40 members. The Board of Directors meets annually, usually in conjunction with a regional meeting or special workshop. The ICCIDD has provided scientific leadership in a series of meetings with the WHO and UNICEF concerned with different technical aspects of control programs. It has played a significant role in the global program for the elimination of brain damage due to iodine deficiency, in collaboration with the WHO and UNICEF. Political support has come through the UN System—the World Summit for Children. Funding support has been provided by the WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank, and the bilateral aid agencies (AusAID, CIDA, the Netherlands, Sweden and USAID) with the participation of the governments of IDD-affected countries.
Vulnerability in physicians' narratives.

Readers, whether critics, the general public, or health care professionals, respond emotionally to physicians who reveal themselves literally and metaphorically in their writing.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods

Mapping disease and marker loci from pedigree phenotypes is one of the most computationally onerous tasks in modern biology. Even tightly optimized software can be quickly overwhelmed by the synergistic obstructions of missing data, multiple marker loci, multiple alleles per marker locus, and inbreeding. This unhappy situation has prompted mathematical and statistical geneticists to adapt recent stochastic methods for numerical integration to the demands of pedigree analysis [9, 15, 16, 21, 25, 26, 28]. The current chapter explains in a concrete genetic setting how these powerful stochastic methods operate.
D06 Quantitative assays to monitor huntingtin changes in pre-clinical and clinical hd samples

Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) protein with no effective disease-modifying therapies available. Mutant HTT toxicity, associated with the misfolding of the expanded polyglutamine repeat-containing protein, affects several intracellular pathways and leads to widespread neurodegeneration. In addition, mutant HTT forms intracellular aggregates, which contribute to disease pathogenesis. One promising strategy to develop HD modifying therapies aim to repress or reduce the amount of mutant HTT expression and aggregation. However, in order to monitor the efficacy of such approaches there is the need for robust and reliable immunoassays that are able to quantitate mutant HTT in biological samples. Aims To develop immunoassays and high content histological approaches able to quantify and monitor changes in soluble HTT levels as well as in HTT aggregates in different biological samples. Methods Meso Scale Discovery (MSD), TR-FRET and Millipore Erenna platforms were used to develop several immunoassays to measure soluble and aggregated mutant HTT. High-content histological approaches using the Opera platforms in combination with image analysis algorithms were optimized to quantify mutant HTT inclusions. Results We have established and validated sensitive and robust immunoassays to be able to measure soluble and aggregated HTT levels in pre-clinical and clinical biological samples. Using the Millipore Erenna platform, we can also reliably quantify mutant HTT in cerebrospinal fluid from HD patients. Finally, a combination of high content histological analysis with custom adaptations of image analysis algorithms allows us to perform quantitation of spatial and temporal changes in HTT inclusions in tissues from HD animal models. Conclusions We have established a wide portfolio of immunoassays and imaging tools able to investigate changes in HTT levels and aggregation as well as monitor disease progression in pre-clinical and clinical samples, including assessment of CSF mutant HTT levels. These assays are valuable tools to support the therapeutic approaches aimed to lower HTT expression.
MRI findings of hypomyelination in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency

Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder with few reported cases in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the brain include hypomyelination and low generalized parenchymal volume. Presented here is a case in a 3-month-old male who presented with hypotonia and seizures and was subsequently diagnosed with adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Given the rarity of this diagnosis, findings demonstrated in this case may prompt ordering physicians to broaden their approach to genetic testing in the setting of hypomyelination. Comparison is also made to more common hypomyelinating leukodystrophies.
Optical pKa Control in a Bifunctional Iridium Complex

There are few ways to switch a catalyst’s reactivity on or off, or change its selectivity, with external radiation; many of these involve photochemical activation of a catalyst. In the case of homogeneous late-transition-metal catalysts, the metal complex itself is frequently the chromophore involved in such reactivity switching. We show here a base-pendant ligand–metal bifunctional scaffold wherein a photobase, a compound that becomes more basic in the excited state (pKa < pKa*), is used to switch the proton acceptor ability on an active site of the complex. The system differs from those with metal-centered chromophores, because the photobase operates independently of the metal. While excellent progress has been made in photoacid chemistry, neither a photoacid nor a photobase has been designed into the structure of a transition-metal catalyst where the metal is not part of the chromophore. We find that quinoline is an efficient photobase that preserves its unique properties in the close proximity of an i...
Superlattice by charged block copolymer self-assembly.

Charged block copolymers are of great interest due to their unique self-assembly and physicochemical properties. Understanding of the phase behavior of charged block copolymers, however, is still at a primitive stage. Here we report the discovery of an intriguing superlattice morphology from compositionally symmetric charged block copolymers, poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate–co–oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]–b–polystyrene (POEGMA–PS), achieved by systematic variation of the molecular structure in general, and the charge content in particular. POEGMA–PS self-assembles into a superlattice lamellar morphology, a previously unknown class of diblock nanostructures, but strikingly similar to oxygen-deficient perovskite derivatives, when the fraction of charged groups in the POEGMA block is about 5–25%. The charge fraction and the tethering of the ionic groups both play critical roles in driving the superlattice formation. This study highlights the accessibility of superlattice morphologies by introducing charges in a controlled manner. Understanding the phase behavior of charged block copolymers may potentially lead to unexplored self-assembled morphologies. Here, the authors report the preparation of ion-containing diblock copolymers featuring a superlattice state varying between disordered and lamellar morphologies depending on the charge density.
Highly-Chirped Solitons in Driven Resonators

Here we investigate driven fiber resonators with large net normal dispersion and a narrowband intracavity spectral filter. A range of stable solutions are observed, including the first experimental and numerical observations of highly-chirped solitons.
Teaching psychodynamic psychotherapy to medical students: papers from the american psychoanalytic association: introduction

At the American Psychoanalytic Association meeting in December 1998, there was a Presidential Symposium entitled “Psychoanalysis and American Medical Education for the Millennium: Teaching and Practice-Building Opportunities.” The speakers included national leaders in psychoanalysis, psychiatry, and medical education. The talks covered the range of relevant topics, from the new economic organization of medical education, to teaching programs and needs, to research and medical education. The following papers are from that symposium. As a group, they describe the landscape of American medical education at the turn of our century. They describe the new need for psychodynamic teaching in a variety of teaching venues. This need offers great opportunity to psychodynamic psychiatry, to psychoanalysis, and to individual practitioners. Psychodynamic science and art can once again make an important contribution to medical education and receive in return a new energy for its own growth and development. Medical schools are becoming a rich, creative, cross-fertilizing, interdisciplinary mix as the basic and human sciences extend their reach and begin to overlap. Cognitive science has discovered affect processing and seeks sophisticated information about human emotional systems. We psychodynamic psychiatrists and psychoanalysts are the experts. These papers describe the multiple opportunities for us in American medical education.
Is autologous stem cell transplantation still relevant for multiple myeloma

Purpose of reviewAutologous stem cell transplantation has been the standard of care in myeloma treatment for many years, but the availability of newer antimyeloma drugs and the emerging data from chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell clinical studies make us question the relevance of it. The purpos
Induced resistance by jasmonic and abscisic acids and Nesidiocoris tenuis feeding on Solanum lycopersicum against Trialeurodes vaporariorum

AbstractIn the present study, resistance to Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) was induced in tomato plants using foliar and root application of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) alone o...
Comprehensive Study of Ammonium Perchlorate Particle Size/Concentration Effects on Propellant Combustion

The effects of altering ammonium perchlorate (AP) particle size or concentration in composite AP/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) solid propellants are well documented. Existing propellant ...
Contemporary postoperative imaging practices among pediatric surgeons for image-guided central venous line placement: A survey of the American Pediatric Surgical Association.

Abstract Background/Purpose Rare life-threatening complications after central venous line (CVL) placement in children may encourage the routine use of postoperative imaging, despite multiple studies demonstrating the limited utility of this practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of this discordance. Methods A 10-question survey was sent to 1,239 members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) addressing contemporary practices regarding CVL placement and postoperative imaging. Results Five hundred eighteen (42%) surveys were completed. The majority of respondents routinely obtain a chest radiograph (CXR) after image-guided CVL placement (52%). Years in practice, operative volume, and practice type were not statistically associated with postoperative CXR usage (all p > 0.05). ‘Routine’ users were more likely to cite “standard of care” (p Conclusion Routine use of postoperative CXR after image-guided CVL placement remains common among pediatric surgeons. Significant variation exists in the indication for this study, with considerable disagreement between ‘selective’ and ‘routine’ users. Consideration should be given for an APSA standardized guideline utilizing a clinically-driven approach to CVL placement and postoperative imaging to align with evidence-based practice. Level of evidence N/A — descriptive analysis of survey results.
Interferometric discrimination of cross-track bed clutter in ice-penetrating radar sounding data

The interpretations of relevant interfaces (i.e. the surface and bed) in radar sounding datasets over glaciers and ice sheets are primary boundary conditions in a variety of climate studies and particularly subglacial water routing models. It is therefore necessary to ensure these interpretations are consistent and not affected by cross-track clutter. For the surface interface, interferometry and a family of methods relying on digital elevation models have been used to successfully discriminate cross-track surface clutter. Here we present how interferometry can be applied to the problem of basal clutter from cross-track bed topography. Our approach is based on a comparison of the differential phases of ambiguous reflectors that may represent bed clutter and the differential phase of a reflector in an adjacent area that appears unaffected by basal clutter. The reflector yielding the smallest interferometric phase difference relative to the unambiguous bed reflector is considered to represent its consistent continuation. We successfully demonstrate our approach using 60 MHz center frequency MARFA data collected over Devon Ice Cap in the Canadian Arctic. Finally, we investigate the effects of clutter-affected and interferometry-corrected bed interpretations on ice layer thickness estimates, basal hydraulic head gradients and the potential extent of inferred subglacial water bodies.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag@ETS-10 core-shell heterostructured photocatalyst for visible light photocatalysis

Surface modification of Engelhard titanosilicate (ETS-10) with silver (Ag) was carried out in efforts to promote the photocatalytic activity of ETS-10 towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The core-shell heterostructure encapsulates the Ag nanoparticles, which would otherwise dislodge from the surface of ETS-10. The Ag@ETS-10 core-shell heterostructured photocatalyst was prepared by the photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles onto ETS-10 crystals to form the Ag-ETS-10 core, followed by secondary growth of ETS-10 shell using the Ag-ETS-10 as seeds. Ag@ETS-10 showed absorption in the visible light region, as well as a red shift in the UV region, compared to the unmodified ETS-10. The extent of shell growth depended on the seeding level. Increasing the seeding level from 1 wt.% to 50 wt.% resulted in a decreased mode of the particle size distribution of the products, and thus a decreased shell thickness. The Ag@ETS-10 photocatalyst grown using 50 wt.% seeding level (i.e., ~0.1 μm shell) showed higher photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of MB under visible light irradiation (k = 0.0159 min-1) than the unmodified ETS-10 sample (k = 0.007 min-1). However, the Ag@ETS-10 photocatalyst grown using 1 wt. % seeding levels (i.e., ~ 0.8 μm shell) showed lower photocatalytic activity compared to the Ag@ETS-10 photocatalyst grown using 50 wt.% seeding level (i.e., ~ 0.1 μm shell). This was attributed to the suppression of the plasmon resonance peak when a thicker ETS-10 shell was grown around the Ag-ETS-10 core.
Nucleocapsid Structure of Negative Strand RNA Virus.

Negative strand RNA viruses (NSVs) include many important human pathogens, such as influenza virus, Ebola virus, and rabies virus. One of the unique characteristics that NSVs share is the assembly of the nucleocapsid and its role in viral RNA synthesis. In NSVs, the single strand RNA genome is encapsidated in the linear nucleocapsid throughout the viral replication cycle. Subunits of the nucleocapsid protein are parallelly aligned along the RNA genome that is sandwiched between two domains composed of conserved helix motifs. The viral RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (vRdRp) must recognize the protein–RNA complex of the nucleocapsid and unveil the protected genomic RNA in order to initiate viral RNA synthesis. In addition, vRdRp must continuously translocate along the protein–RNA complex during elongation in viral RNA synthesis. This unique mechanism of viral RNA synthesis suggests that the nucleocapsid may play a regulatory role during NSV replication.
Performance characteristics of a cross-flow hydrokinetic turbine in current only and current and wave conditions

Abstract Testing of a 1:6 scale model of an H-Darrieus cross-flow hydrokinetic turbine (U.S. Department of Energy’s Reference Model 2 River Current Turbine) was conducted in the large towing tank facility at the United States Naval Academy. Tests were conducted in current only conditions at a range of diameter-based Reynolds numbers and at several turbine depths. Reynolds number independence was observed at or above R e D ≈ 1 . 5 × 1 0 6 , with an associated maximum power coefficient, C P of 0.36 at a tip speed ratio, T S R of 3.2. Turbine performance was shown to be fairly insensitive to turbine tip depth. Additionally, tests were conducted with incident waves in addition to current, which were scaled to be large enough to create a shear in velocity across the entire span of the turbine blade. The presence of waves degraded power production slightly when compared to the current only case. When viewed as a function of turbine angular position, the waves were found to amplify or diminish the cyclic signatures in the power measurement depending on the phase difference between the blade angle and wave phase angle. As cross-flow turbines are proposed to be surface mounted, this result suggests that active control strategies may be beneficial in improving power quality.
Hydrothermal Corrosion of First-Generation Dual-Purpose Coatings on Silicon Carbide for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding

Abstract Four different commercial coatings, TiN, Cr, CrN, and Cr/CrN (multilayer) were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on high resistivity chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC for the dual purpose of corrosion mitigation and fission gas hermeticity. The coatings were exposed for up to 2600 hours in flowing high temperature (288-350°C), high purity, liquid water with dissolved hydrogen (0.15-3ppm) or dissolved oxygen (1-2ppm). The Cr/CrN coatings did not adhere well and spalled quickly during exposure. In oxygenated conditions, none of the coatings were protective . CrN coatings spalled preferentially at defect sites, but reacted slowly enough in the absence of defects to potentially be chemically protective. TiN coatings fully oxidized within a few hundred hours and spalled. In hydrogen, all the coatings were chemically stable. Coating failures were identified and attributed to localized spallation, potentially related to coating defects. Coating improvements are recommended to reduce spallation and improve coating protection for future generations of dual-purpose coatings.
The Uneven Distribution of Medically Underserved Areas in Chicago.

Purpose: Safety net health services, such as federally funded health clinics, are interventions that aim to mitigate inequality in resource distribution, thus primarily clustered in poor areas with...
Dynamic thermal radiation modulators via mechanically tunable surface emissivity

Abstract Inspired by cephalopods, we design a hybrid structure comprised of a rigid film with a low thermal emissivity and a substrate with a high thermal emissivity combined with a stretchable heater. The film’s topography is characterized by distributed strain-dependent micro-cracks, enabling the exposure of the substrate to be tuned by the applied strain. Thus, the effective surface thermal emissivity originating from the combination of the film and the exposed substrate can be instantaneously and reversibly modulated simply via mechanical means. The system exhibits various pronounced advantages, including ease of fabrication, low working temperature, broad emissivity modulation range, observing angle independence, excellent reversibility, instantaneous response, high strain sensitivity, feasibility for patterning and multiplexing, and autonomous actuation. Additionally, the system demonstrates intriguing thermographic-based applications in finger motion sensing, information encryption, multiplexing display, and thermal camouflage. Therefore, this work can facilitate the invention of next-generation thermal modulators with autonomous, on-demand, and board-range control.
Combined immunotherapy with controlled Interleukin-12 gene therapy and immune checkpoint blockade in recurrent glioblastoma: an open-label, multi-institutional phase 1 trial.

Background Veledimex (VDX)-regulatable interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene therapy in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) was reported to show tumor infiltration of CD8 + T cells, encouraging survival, but also up-regulation of immune checkpoint signaling, providing the rationale for a combination trial with immune checkpoint inhibition. Methods An open-label, multi-institutional, dose-escalation phase 1 trial in rGBM subjects (NCT03636477) accrued 21 subjects in 3 dose-escalating cohorts: 1- neo-adjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (1mg/kg) and VDX (10 mg) (n= 3); 2- neo-adjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (3 mg/kg) and VDX (10 mg) (n=3); and 3- neo-adjuvant then ongoing nivolumab (3 mg/kg) and VDX (20 mg) (n=15). Nivolumab was administered 7 (+/- 3) days before resection of the rGBM followed by peritumoral injection of IL-12 gene therapy. VDX was administered 3 hours before and then for 14 days after surgery. Nivolumab was administered every two weeks after surgery. Results Toxicities of the combination were comparable to IL-12 gene monotherapy and were predictable, dose-related and reversible upon withholding doses of VDX and/or nivolumab. VDX plasma pharmacokinetics demonstrate a dose-response relationship with effective brain tumor tissue VDX penetration and production of IL-12. IL-12 levels in serum peaked in all subjects at about Day 3 after surgery. Tumor IFNγ increased in post treatment biopsies. Median overall survival (mOS) for VDX 10 mg with nivolumab was 16.9 months and for all subjects was 9.8 months. Conclusion The safety of this combination immunotherapy was established and has led to an ongoing phase 2 clinical trial of immune checkpoint blockade with controlled IL-12 gene therapy (NCT04006119).
Motion-Based View-Invariant Articulated Motion Detection and Pose Estimation Using Sparse Point Features

We present an approach for articulated motion detection and pose estimation that uses only motion information. To estimate the pose and viewpoint we introduce a novel motion descriptor that computes the spatial relationships of motion vectors representing various parts of the person using the trajectories of a number of sparse points. A nearest neighbor search for the closest motion descriptor from the labeled training data of human walking poses in multiple views is performed. This observational probability is fed to a Hidden Markov Model defined over multiple poses and viewpoints to obtain temporally consistent pose estimates. Experimental results on various sequences of walking subjects with multiple viewpoints demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. In particular, our purely motion-based approach is able to track people even when other visible cues are not available, such as in low-light situations.