cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oximetry-guided reoxygenation improves neurological outcome after experimental cardiac arrest.

Background and Purpose— Current guidelines suggest that cardiac arrest (CA) survivors should be ventilated with 100% O2 after resuscitation. Breathing 100% O2 may worsen neurological outcome after experimental CA. This study tested the hypothesis that graded reoxygenation, with oximetry guidance, can safely reduce FiO2 after resuscitation, avoiding hypoxia while promoting neurological recovery. Methods— Mature dogs underwent 10 minutes of CA and restoration of spontaneous circulation with100% O2. Animals were randomized to 1-hour additional ventilation on 100% FiO2 or to rapid lowering of arterial O2 saturation to 94% with pulse oximeter guidance. Animals were awakened at hour 23, and the neurological deficit score (0=normal; 100=brain-dead) was measured. Reanesthetized animals were perfusion-fixed and the brains removed for histopathology. Results— The neurological deficit score was significantly better in oximetry (O) dogs. O dogs appeared aware of their surroundings, whereas most hyperoxic (H...
Reactive intermediates in pesticide metabolism: peracid oxidations as possible biomimetic models.

1. Reactive intermediates generated by metabolic epoxidation, N-oxidation and S-oxidation are often identical to those obtained on peracid oxidation as illustrated by studies with a variety of pesticides.2. Epoxidation reactions carried out metabolically or with peracids lead to transitory or unstable epoxychrysanthemic acid, epoxycyclopentenolone and epoxyfuran derivatives from pyrethroids, and geranyl-derived diepoxides and epoxydiols from juvenoids.3. N-Oxidation with microsomal oxidases or peracids activates hydroxylamine ether proinsecticides and dimethylphosphoramide and aminodiphenyl ether promutagens, but the peracid system is not always a suitable biomimetic model.4. Sulphoxidations with peracids appear to give the same reactive intermediates as those involved in metabolism of S-alkyl thiocarbamate and S-methyl-triazinone herbicides, S-chloroallyl promugatens, and S-propyl phosphorothiolate and phosphinyl-iminodithiolane proinsecticides.
The nested h refinement in 2D FETD via the hanging variable technique

In this study, an initial concept of the h refinement in the FETD method with the hanging variable technique is presented. With the hanging variable method, intermediate elements are created to connect the refined and non-refined regions. With this approach, remeshing can be avoided and the refined mesh can have the same quality as the initial mesh. The numerical experiment in 2D indicates the initial success of our approach which leads to further study in the three dimensional h refinement for the FETD method with the hanging variable technique.
Stationary and moving intrinsic localized modes in one-dimensional monatomic lattices with cubic and quartic anharmonicity.

By locally distorting a perfect one-dimensional lattice that contains a cubic and quartic nonlinearity in the nearest-neighbor potential, we demonstrate that self-localized vibrational modes are stable even for large cubic anharmonicities. Simulations are used to test the eigenvectors and eigenfrequencies of both stationary and moving localized modes. The frequency of the localized vibration decreases with increasing cubic anharmonicity until it approaches the maximum plane-wave frequency, where the mode becomes unstable. As the cubic anharmonicity increases, the eigenvector also becomes more localized until it resembles a triatomic molecule, beyond which the mode again becomes unstable. This study examines intrinsic localized modes over the complete range of possible anharmonicity and amplitude values.
EXPOSURE-TIME DEPENDENCE OF THE THRESHOLD FOR ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED MURINE LUNG HEMORRHAGE

Although the extent of suprathreshold damage to murine lung that results from exposure to pulsed ultrasound increases with time, the threshold level for lung hemorrhage is relatively insensitive to total exposure time. Adult mice were exposed for 20 s and 3 min to 2.3-MHz ultrasound (10-μs pulses, 100-Hz pulse repetition frequency) at peak positive pressures ranging up to 3 MPa. Threshold pressures for the two exposure times, 1.6 MPa and 1.4 MPa, respectively, are the same within the statistical significance of the measurements.
Sequences Within and Flanking Hypersensitive Sites 3 and 2 of the β-Globin Locus Control Region Required for Synergistic Versus Additive Interaction With the ε-globin Gene Promoter

The locus control region is required for high-level, position-independent expression of mammalian beta-globin genes. It is marked by five major DNase hypersensitive sites (HSs) in a 16 kb region of chromatin, and the protein-DNA complexes that form these HSs may interact in a holocomplex that carries out the full function of the locus control region. Previous studies showed that a large rabbit DNA fragment containing both HS2 and HS3 in their native sequence context and spacing produced a much larger increase in expression of a linked reporter gene than the sum of the largest effects observed with DNA fragments containing HS2 or HS3 individually. To test whether this reflected a synergistic interaction between the 200-400 bp cores of the HSs or if this effect required additional sequences outside the cores, combinations of different restriction fragments containing HS2 or HS3 were tested for their ability to increase the expression of a hybrid epsilon-globin-luciferase reporter gene in transfected K562 cells. The results show that the human HS2 and HS3 cores do not interact either additively or synergistically with the reporter gene when juxtaposed, and separation by spacer DNA has little effect on their function. Fragments of human DNA containing cores plus flanking sequences for HS3 or HS2 show an additive effect in combination, whereas homologous fragments of rabbit DNA containing HS3 and HS2 interact synergistically. At least part of this difference localizes to the rabbit DNA fragment containing HS3, which can interact synergistically with the human DNA fragment containing HS2. The region 5' to the HS3 core plays a role both in the cooperative interaction observed with the rabbit DNA fragment and the domain-opening observed with the human DNA. A minor DNase HS maps to this region, and the pattern of sequence conservation is consistent with some difference in function between species.
Modeling and simulation of integrated intelligent systems

Complex systems consist of a large number of entities with their independent local rules and goals, along with their interactions. The effect of these properties tends to produce complex behaviors that are required to be understood in order to analyze and design the systems. However, these behaviors are difficult to be predicted a priori, and can only be studied through simulation. The study presented in this paper proposes a process for developing an integrated dynamic modeling and simulation environment designed for understanding the behavior of the next generation naval ship which is envisioned to be self-sensing, self-assessing and self-reacting. Various models, including power model, fluid model and control model, are developed to investigate the functionalities of the naval ship systems. An object oriented approach is employed to validate the architectural design of the integrated simulation environment and a surrogate modeling technique is utilized to accelerate the simulation speed.
Synthesis of deuterium-labeled 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

The syntheses of D,L-1-amino[2,2-2H2]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; 1-amino [c-2,c-3-2H2] and 1-amino[t-2,t-3-2H2]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-[2H2]ACC); 1-amino[2S,3S-2H2] and 1-amino[2R,3R-2H2]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-[2H2]ACC); and 1-amino[2,2,3,3-2H4]cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid are described. The [2,2-2H2]and [2,2,3,3-2H4]ACC compounds were prepared from the appropriately deuterated 2-bromoethanol 4-methylbenzenesulfonates by reaction with ethyl isocyanoacetate and two moles of sodium hydride. The trans-[2H2]ACC and cis[2H2]ACC were prepared from meso and d, l-[1,2-2H2]-1,2-dibromoethane respectively, by reaction with ethyl isocyanoacetate and two moles of sodium hydride. These compounds are required for use in the study of the biosynthesis of ethylene by various plants and for use in 1H and 13C-NMR studies of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid derivatives.
Convex formulations of aggregate network air traffic flow optimization problems

The problem of regulating air traffic in the en route airspace of the national airspace system is studied using an Eulerian network model to describe air traffic flow. The evolution of traffic on each edge of the network is modeled by a modified Lighthill-Whitham-Richards partial differential equation. We pose the problem of optimal traffic flow regulation as a continuous optimization program in which the partial differential equation appears in the constraints. The equation is transformed with a variable change which removes t nonlinearity in the control variables and enables us to use linear finite difference schemes to discretize the problem. Corresponding linear programming and quadratic programming based solutions to this convex optimization program yield a globally optimal solution. The technique is applied for a network scenario in the Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center.
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and ischemia- induced neurogenesis

Nitric oxide (NO) influences infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia and also regulates neurogenesis in the adult brain. These observations suggest that therapeutic approaches to stroke that target NO signaling may provide neuroprotection and also enhance brain repair through cell replacement. However, ischemic injury and neurogenesis are both affected differently depending on which isoform of NO synthase is the source of NO. In addition, ischemia itself stimulates neurogenesis, and ischemia-induced neurogenesis may be regulated differently than neurogenesis in nonischemic brain. To determine how neuronal NO synthase affects ischemia-induced neurogenesis, transient focal cerebral ischemia was produced in wild-type mice and in knockout mice lacking neuronal NO synthase, and BrdU incorporation and doublecortin immunoreactivity were measured in the principal neuroproliferative regions of the adult brain. Knockout of neuronal NO synthase reduced infarct size and increased both basal and ischemia-induced neurogenesis, suggesting that NO from this source is an inhibitory regulator of neurogenesis in the ischemic brain. 7-Nitroindazole, an NO synthase inhibitor that preferentially affects the neuronal isoform, also increased neurogenesis in rats when administered by the intracerebroventricular route. Selective inhibition of neuronal NO synthase may have the potential to both reduce infarct size and enhance neurogenesis in stroke.
Positive Assortative Mating and Spouses as Complementary Factors of Production: A Theory of Labour Augmentation

This article develops a model of intellectual labour augmentation to explain both the marriage wage premium and educational assortative mating. We suggest that husbands and wives are complementary factors of production where a spouse's education and skills augment their partner's productivity and earnings potential. We test this proposition using data from the 2000 US Census of Population and the 2003 Current Population Survey. Our results indicate that for working couples the marriage premium for husbands and wives is directly related to the education level of their spouses–suggesting that positive assortative mating may be attributable to the labour market effects of intellectual augmentation of married households.
Controlling perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in a brackish tidal marsh

Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) is an aggressively invasive species that spreads by vegetative growth and seeds. Common methods for removal such as hand-pulling and mowing are impractical in brackish marsh environments. We evaluated the effects of two herbicide treatments (imazapyr and imazapyr + glyphosate) against a non-herbicide control (flower head removal) on invasive pepperweed and native vegetation in three habitats (bay edge, channel edge, and levee) in brackish marshes. Both herbicide treatments produced significantly better control of pepperweed than the control, but imazapyr alone took 2 years of treatment to produce levels of control that were similar to one year of the imazpyr + glyphosate treatment. Both herbicide treatments also reduced native cover, but the effects were more severe in plots treated with imazapyr + glyphosate than in plots treated with imazapyr alone. Effects on pepperweed were similar across the three habitats, but impacts on native vegetation were less severe in bay edge environments. Managers should consider the tradeoffs when choosing a treatment plan for pepperweed: the quick reduction of pepperweed achieved by the combination of imazapyr and glyphosate may come at the expense of creating opportunities for reinvasion by causing bare ground and/or patches of litter that are slowly recolonized by native species.
Drones and the Ethics of Targeted Killing

A mantra seems to have grown up alongside the debate over remotely piloted aircraft (RPA, or ‘drones’). Scholars, policy analysts, and even senior White House officials continue to ask whether RPA ...
Genocide as Social Practice: Reorganizing Society under the Nazis and Argentina’s Military Juntas by Daniel Feierstein, translated by Douglas Andrew Town

History is sadly rife with examples of persecution and violence. From ancient times to the present, many (perhaps most) states have engaged in acts ranging from the aggressive assertions of power to the annihilation not just of individuals, but of groups of people defined as enemies and national, religious, or ethnic Bothers^. That modernity has only intensified state violence was not lost on Raphael Lemkin, who in 1944 considered first the destruction of Armenians and then the later destruction of European Jewry as processes so distinct in history that he coined a new word for the mass slaughters: genocide. Just four years later, in 1948, genocide became a narrowly-defined legal category – so narrow that few genocidaires have ever been held to legal account. No less problematic, claims Daniel Feierstein in his thoughtful, challenging study of comparative genocide, Genocide as Social Practice: Reorganizing Society under the Nazis and Argentina’s Military Juntas, is that few have challenged the definition of genocide or have examined it as a social process inherent to modernity. Feierstein, who first published this sociological work in Spanish in 2007, did not write an archival-based study of genocides and adds little new information about the Nazi or Argentinian juntas, but this does not lessen the importance of the optic through which he views genocide. Indeed, Feierstein carefully analyses the dominant historiographic arguments on the Nazi and Argentinian genocides and then, building off of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, he makes a fresh argument that genocide as a social process is a specific Btechnology of power that is intended to destroy social relations based on autonomy and cooperation... that then attempts to create new social relations and identity models through terror^ (36). Hum Rights Rev (2016) 17:121–123 DOI 10.1007/s12142-016-0393-7
A Psychologist Looks at the Teaching of Architecture

This is the text of a talk to the faculty of the College of Architecture at Cornell University given last October. In it Dr Braaten, Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology at Cornell, takes a critical look at the teaching of architecture in the light of his knowledge of the psychology of college students. He outlines the emotional problems of students in general, together with some unique problems of architectural students, and gives special consideration to the clarification of the concepts—very important to anyone concerned with the selection of potential architects—of conformity, counter-conformity and positive rebellion. The relationship between psychopathology and creativity, and some of the necessary conditions for the latter, are among the other subjects discussed.
Growth pattern of postnatally developing rat parotid gland.

SummaryThe time course of postnatal growth and differentiation of rat parotid has been described, and the mechanisms involved in gland growth examined. An early phase of extensive cellular proliferation, which persists at levels of 17-23/1000 acinar cells through 23 days of age, was seen. This was accompanied by small increases in cell size; after 23 days of age, cell size became the prominent cellular event and mitotic rate decreased markedly. Changes after 64 days of age in gland weight, cell size, state of cellular differentiation, and cell number were not conspicuous. These determinations were based on histological examination and measurement of cell size, nuclear size, and mitotic indices. DNA-RNA content also increased with time postnatally, and both exhibited, like mitotic rate, the sharpest increment between 16–23 days of age. Parallels between the biphasic mechanism of postnatal parotid growth and that of heart and skeletal muscle were examined, and comparison was made to growth patterns exhibite...
A New Species of Gastroboletus and its Phylogenetic Significance

A new species of Gastroboletus, G. laricinus, is described. A detailed discussion of the differences between this species and Suillus grevillei and the ecological conditions under which both were o...
Fat Reduction Efforts: A 24-Month Longitudinal Comparison of a Large Sample of Maintainers, Relapsers, and Non-Changers

This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for dietary fat reduction. This secondary data analysis pooled three large population-based TTM-tailored school, worksite, medical, and home-based intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups organized by longitudinal progress (dynatypes): Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Non-Changers. The criteria for successful change, at the time, were that less than 30% of calories came from fat. A total of 2,718 adults met criteria for an unhealthy diet at baseline. The majority of participants were female, White, married, and middle-aged. Demographics, Stage of Change, Processes of Change, Decisional Balance, and Temptations were measured. Dynatype groups were assessed with reliable and valid scales assessing constructs at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Analyses included a multivariate analysis of variance followed by a series of analyses of variance, with Tukey follow-up tests assessing differences in use of TTM constructs across the three groups at each time point. Relapsers and Maintainers were similar in their use of all TTM Processes of Change at baseline, with the exception of Self-Liberation (η(2) = 0.15, p < .001) and Reinforcement Management (η(2) = 0.01, p < .001). Although Relapsers reverted to an unhealthy diet, their overall greater use of Processes of Change suggests that their behaviors and strategy use remain better than that of the Stable Non-Changer group. Results suggest that specific cognitive and behavioral constructs may contribute differentially to intervention outcomes.
Means, meanings, and contexts: A framework for integrating detailed ethnographic data into assessments of fishing community vulnerability

Abstract Current efforts at assessing the vulnerability of fishing communities center around the creation of quantitative indices. The quantification of social data, however, has several drawbacks. These include the loss of detail, removal of historical context, and obscuring of power dynamics. The Means, Meanings, and Contexts (MMC) Framework is presented as an alternative methodology, one that allows for the integration of qualitative social science into the understanding of community vulnerability, drawing upon ethnographic research techniques and theories of place-making. Place-making refers to the changing relationships between the physical support offered by a landscape (means), and the relationships among place, people, and lifestyle in a community (meanings). To adequately assess community vulnerability, researchers can collect data on both means and meanings within a community. Using these data, community vulnerability is assessed by responding to a series of 12 broad prompts. Responses to these prompts are summarized at three levels of detail: detailed textual description, tabular summary, and graphical summary. Using the Pribilof Island communities of St. George and St. Paul, Alaska as examples, this framework indicates that St. George is a highly vulnerable community, while St. Paul is moderately vulnerable. These results are in stark contrast with quantitative assessments of community vulnerability, which indicate that St. George is a low to moderately vulnerable community, while St. Paul is a highly vulnerable community. Tools like the MMC Framework, therefore, help make a place for important, but complex, qualitative social data, in fisheries management.
A Child Counselor’s Guide to Help Parents Discuss Sex in Developmentally Appropriate Ways With Children Ages 3 to 9

Discussion about children’s sexuality appears taboo. Little research has been conducted on the development of sexuality in childhood. Parents find themselves at a loss regarding what to say when children begin asking questions about sex. In this article we provide a guide for mental health professionals to help parents understand typical sexual development for children as well as discuss developmental changes with their children in a developmentally appropriate manner. We introduce the BEGIN model of parental assessment and potential intervention. We discuss implications for mental health professionals and future research avenues for child counseling, parent consultations, and parent psychoeducational groups.
Fires in semi-opened tunnels

In order to validate the safety of semi-opened tunnel with natural ventilation in fire and to research the tunnel fire plume characteristics,full-scale fire tests were designed and conducted in the built semi-opened tunnel.The diversification laws of smoke temperature and smoke longitudinal propagation data were collected.The test data were imitated by OriginPro7.5 software and the longitudinal diversification laws of smoke temperature varying with the distance from the fire source were gained.Prediction model of back-layer distance calculation was built by fire dynamics analysis.The fire test data were compared with the prediction results of the theoretical model to validate the dependability of the built theoretical models.Fire tests prove that the tunnel fire flame model and the formula built by Li Kaiyuan and H.Kurioka can be used for the research of fire in semi-opened tunnels.
Studies on lactams—XII

Abstract A series of spiro-β-lactams have been prepared by the reaction of various acid chlorides with the anils of cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone and N-methylpiperidone in presence of a tertiary amine. α-Azido-β-lactams obtained by this method have been hydrogenated and acylated to give analogs of penicillin and cephalosporin C.
The Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System: an Institute of Medicine report.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM), established in 1970, is a member of the National Academies of Sciences and provides independent, unbiased, evidence-based advice to policy makers, health professionals, industry, and the American public. In 2006, the IOM produced a report on the Future of Emergency Care in the US Health System5 that addressed the critical status of emergency care in this country today. The report strives to define the problems and makes specific recommendations for solutions. Central to this crisis in emergency care is the uncertain availability of surgical specialists, including neurosurgeons, in our Emergency Departments (EDs) and Trauma Centers. This presentation to the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, General Scientific Session IV, on October 12, 2006, described the IOM report and discussed the provision of emergency neurosurgical care in this country. The motivation for the IOM study was a culmination of factors including: 1) Crowded EDs. 2) Ambulance diversions. 3) The increasing burden of uncompensated care. 4) Decreasing physician reimbursement. 5) The fragmentation of our emergency care systems. 6) Inadequate surge capacity. 7) Personnel shortages, which include the shortage of surgical specialists such as neurosurgeons. 8) Rising malpractice costs. 9) Limited data on quality outcome measures. 10) Inadequate research funding and infrastructure. 11) Limited preparedness for pediatric patients. As the IOM study was conducted, it became apparent that the crisis in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is “under the surface” and that much of the American public believes that the status and availability of emergency and trauma care is what they see on popular television programs. For example, a recent Harris Poll4 showed that approximately one in three Americans believe that the hospital nearest to them is a trauma center, when, in fact, less than 8% of hospitals actually have a trauma center. It was also revealing in this same poll that 8 in 10 Americans indicate that having a trauma center nearby is equally or more important than having a fire or police department. EMS in the United States, currently, are overwhelmed, underfunded, and fragmented.
Isotopic labeling studies of C and O atoms for methane oxidative coupling over II-La2O2CO3

Abstract The role of II-La 2 O 2 CO 3 for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was examined by determining the reactivity for the C and O atoms of the (CO 3 ) 2- groups of II-La 2 O 2 CO 3 . 18 O- and 13 C-labeled materials were prepared for these studies. During OCM, the C atoms in the catalyst were the source of 46% of the CO 2 produced. No C atoms originating in the catalyst appeared in the hydrocarbon products. The O atoms present in the (CO 3 ) 2- layers of the catalyst also appeared in CO 2 and CO during OCM. 18 O accounted for 48.5% of all oxygen detected in carbon dioxide produced over 18 O-labeled phases. Oxygen exchange was observed to occur with O 2 in the feed.
Variation in surgeon payment for cancer resection.

e17802 Background: Demand for price transparency in healthcare is growing, empowering employers and beneficiaries to better understand what they pay for services. Variation in surgeon payments for ...
Quantitative Pericardial Delayed Hyperenhancement Informs Clinical Course in Recurrent Pericarditis.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of quantitative assessment of pericardial delayed hyperenhancement (DHE) among patients with recurrent pericarditis (RP). Background Pericardial DHE on cardiac magnetic resonance may persist beyond the acute phase of pericarditis, suggesting continued pericardial inflammation. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 159 patients with RP who underwent DHE imaging and had a follow-up period of more than 6 months. Pericardial inflammation was quantified on short-axis DHE sequences by contouring the pericardium, selecting normal septal myocardium as a reference region, and then quantifying the pericardial signal that was >6 SD above the reference. Our primary outcome was clinical remission; secondary outcomes were time to recurrence and recurrence rate. Results The mean age of our patients was 46 ± 14 years, and 52% were women. During a median follow-up period of 23 months (interquartile range: 15 to 34 months), 32 (20%) patients achieved clinical remission. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, lower quantitative pericardial DHE (hazard ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 0.93; p = 0.008) was independently associated with clinical remission. When added to background clinical and laboratory variables, quantitative pericardial DHE had incremental prognostic value over baseline clinical and laboratory variables (integrated discrimination improvement: 8%; net reclassification improvement: 36%). Furthermore, patients with a higher quantitative DHE had shorter time to subsequent recurrence (p = 0.012) and had a higher recurrence rate at 6 months (p = 0.026). Conclusions Quantitative assessment of pericardial DHE was associated with clinical outcomes among patients with RP and provided incremental information regarding the clinical course of patients with RP.
Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery: Not Only for Senior Residents.

Objective Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) was developed by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons to teach the physiology, fundamental knowledge, and technical skills required for basic laparoscopic surgery. We hypothesize that residents are doing more laparoscopic surgery earlier in residency, and therefore would benefit from an earlier assessment of basic laparoscopic skills. Here, we examine FLS test results and ACGME case logs to determine whether it is practical to administer FLS earlier in residency. Design FLS test results were reviewed for the 42 residents completing FLS between July 2011 and July 2016. ACGME case logs for current and former residents were reviewed for laparoscopic cases logged by each postgraduate year. Basic and complex laparoscopic cases were determined by ACGME General Surgery Defined Category and Minimums Report. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Setting Academic general surgery residency, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine. Participants Current and former general surgery residents. Results A total of 42 residents took and passed FLS between July 2011 and July 2016. All residents successfully passed the FLS knowledge and skills examinations on the first attempt regardless of their postgraduate year (PGY 3 n = 13, PGY 4 n = 15, and PGY 5 n = 14). Total laparoscopic case volume has increased over time. Residents who graduated in 2012 or 2013 completed 229 laparoscopic cases compared to 267 laparoscopic cases for those who graduated from 2014 to 2016 (p = 0.02). Additionally, current residents completed more laparoscopic cases in the first 2 years of residency than residents who graduated from 2012 to 2016 (median current = 38; former = 22; p Examining laparoscopic case numbers for current residents by PGY demonstrated that the number of total and complex laparoscopic cases increased in each of the first 3 years of residency with the largest increase occurring between the PGY 2 and PGY 3 years. In the PGY 4 and PGY 5 years, most laparoscopic cases were complex. Conclusion Increased use of laparoscopic surgery has led to a corresponding increase in laparoscopic case volume among general surgery residents. We would advocate for FLS testing to serve as an early assessment of laparoscopic knowledge and skill and should be performed before a significant increase in complex laparoscopic surgery during training.
Implementing a Systematic Approach to Reduce Cesarean Birth Rates in Nulliparous Women

OBJECTIVE:To implement a systematic approach to safely reduce nulliparous cesarean birth rates.METHODS:This is a quality improvement project at two rural community hospitals and one urban community hospital in North Carolina. These facilities implemented a systematic approach to reduce nulliparous c
The Internationalization and HR Strategies of Emerging-market MNCs: The Case of Thai MNCs

This paper bridges the literatures on international business management, organizational learning, and strategic human resource management (SHRM) to examine how emerging market multinational corpora...
Advertising Content, Platform Characteristics and the Appeal of Beer Advertising on a Social Networking Site

Aims The current study was conducted to investigate how changes in the content of a social media ad, user engagement values associated with the ad and user-generated comments (UGCs) associated with the ad can influence the appeal (i.e. source appeal, informational appeal and emotional appeal) of a social media ad. Short summary Facebook beer ads that violated the guidelines of a relevant marketing code were rated as more emotionally appealing compared to Facebook beer ads that did not violated the guidelines. Increased emotional appeal in beer advertising increases the probability that the ad will be remembered and influence future drinking occasions. Methods A 2 (ad regulatory compliance: compliant vs. non-compliant) × 2 (user engagement: low vs. high) × 2 (UGC congruence: pro- vs anti-alcohol) mixed factorial experiment was conducted with 120 young adults, 21-24 years old. Each participant viewed four Facebook beer ads that were previously evaluated for thematic content and regulatory compliance. Participants were randomized to view either high or low user engagement values and either pro- or anti-drinking user-generated comments. After each ad exposure, ad appeal was assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using hierarchical linear modeling. Models were adjusted for demographics, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores and Facebook involvement. Results Source appeal (P = 0.034) and informational appeal (P 0.05). Additionally, AUDIT scores (p's < 0.01) and Facebook involvement scores (p's < 0.01) were positively associated with all forms of ad appeal. Conclusion The appeal of Facebook beer ads may be primarily determined by ad content. Increased emotional appeal in advertising caused by non-compliant advertising may increase the probability that the ad will be remembered and influence future drinking occasions.
Descriptive Study of Continuity of Care Practice and Children’s Experience of Stability of Care in Early Head Start

Continuity of care (CoC) is a widely endorsed theory-based practice in center-based early childhood programs. Despite its widespread endorsement, however, there are few empirical studies of CoC or children’s actual experience of care stability in infant and toddler group settings. This descriptive study investigated (1) the national percentage of EHS programs with centers implementing CoC, (2) potential differences between EHS programs with all or none of their operating centers implementing CoC, (3) the number of teacher changes children experienced during two consecutive years in EHS, as an indicator of early care stability, and (4) child and family characteristics of children having different levels of care stability during their EHS programs. Using the recently released Early Head Start Family and Child Experiences Study (Baby FACES) dataset, secondary analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, mean difference tests, and Chi-square tests with sampling weights applied. Results showed that 29% of EHS programs reported no centers implementing CoC practices within their programs, and 57% of programs reported all of their centers implemented CoC. The 57% of EHS programs implementing CoC had greater stability of their administrative staff. Results further showed that during EHS, 29 and 34% of children experienced no or one teacher change, respectively, while 37% of children experienced two to six teacher changes. Child and family characteristics were generally not associated with children’s stability of care in EHS. CoC is not uniformly implemented across EHS programs, and many children experience multiple teacher changes in center-based EHS programs.
Quantum dot gate non-volatile memory as single level cell (SLC), multi-level cell (MLC) and triple level cell (TLC)

This paper presents the application of quantum dot gate non-volatile memory (QDNVM) for single-level, multi-level and triple level memory cell. The charge accumulation in the gate region varies the threshold voltage of QDNVM which can be controlled by the application of external gate pulse. More pulse helps to tunnel more charge carriers form the inversion channel to the Quantum dot (QD) layer in the gate region of the QDNVM. The varying stored charge in the QD layer of the QDNVM, varies the threshold voltage of the device. By controlling the applied gate voltage pulse, the QDNVM can be used for single level cell (SLC), multi-level cell (MLC) and triple level Cell (TLC). A simplified circuit model using VHDL is developed for QDNVM. This work will highlight future memory integration using QDNVM.
Congenital right bronchial stenosis with high bifurcation: Successful management with side to side tracheobronchial anastomosis.

Abstract Congenital bronchial stenosis is a rare entity [1,2]. While there are some reports of congenital bronchial anomalies and their repair in the thoracic literature this is first report in the literature of a bronchial take off just below the larynx managed with surgical success. Here we present a case of a former 33-weeker born with a tracheoesophageal fistula, Tetralogy of Fallot, and a high bifurcation of the right mainstem bronchus with a concomitant long segment bronchial stenosis. Preoperative planning included printing 3-D reconstructed models of the airway to analyze various treatment options. At 3 months of age the patient was taken to the operating room for surgical repair of the Tetralogy of Fallot and side-to-side tracheobroncheoplasty. The patient was extubated on postoperative day 3 and was discharged home without need for any ventilatory support.
Organization Design Choices to Facilitate Evolutionary Development of Prototype Information Systems

Current development methods which emphasize “getting the requirements right” prior to design and implementation are severely limited when building iterative, decisioncentered support systems. Prototype development by nature is evolutionary and has been advocated as one way to mitigate these limitations.
Cognitive Load Measurement, Worked-Out Modeling, and Simulation

Abstract Using a cognitive load theory framework, this study investigated implementation of a worked-out modeling (WOM) prebriefing intervention on postsimulation knowledge acquisition and cognitive load experienced. A quasi-experimental quantitative design was used with a convenience sample of 61 senior-level nursing students who had previously participated in a simulation. The treatment group received the WOM intervention before simulation participation, and the control group received the usual presimulation interventions. A presimulation and postsimulation knowledge survey and a cognitive load measurement tool were administered after the simulation. Data indicated increased knowledge related to falls and situation, background, assessment, and recommendation in the treatment group and suggested that the treatment group experienced more intrinsic and germane load and less extraneous load. Overall, the cognitive load measurement tool was found reliable, although extraneous load measurement had poor reliability. In conclusion, further research concerning WOM is warranted, as is continued development and research concerning the cognitive load measurement tool.
Increasing Mammography Uptake Through Academic-Community Partnerships Targeting Immigrant and Refugee Communities in Milwaukee.

Introduction Milwaukee, a city characterized by high rates of racial segregation and a growing immigrant population, has large race-based breast cancer survival disparities. To address these disparities, breast health education workshops were offered through a community-academic partnership (CAP) to women from various ethnic backgrounds. This paper explores attendance, satisfaction, and rates of screening mammography among workshop attendees. Methods Partnerships were formed with community-based organizations, a mobile mammography unit, and the Wisconsin Well Woman Program, a state-supported program providing free mammograms. Multilingual staff provided monthly breast health education workshops at community settings and coordinated transportation. Participants completed surveys that included demographics, prior screening history, barriers to screening, and program evaluation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and analyze data. Results Over a 24-month period, 493 women-most of whom sought services at partnering organizations that serve primarily immigrants, refugees, and racial minorities-attended breast health workshops, with 374 participants completing surveys (mean age = 45 years). A total of 360 were ≥ 40 years old. Among these women, 188 (113 insured [60%], 75 uninsured [40%]) reported no prior mammogram in the past 2 to 5 years. After attending the workshop, mammogram uptake was 100% among the insured and 80% among the uninsured. Satisfaction with the workshops was high; 73% of attendees rated them highly informative. Conclusions Our CAP offered culturally tailored breast health education and access to screening via a mobile unit that was well attended, highly rated, and increased screening mammography.
Correcting Misinterpretations of the E-Value.

In their article, Ioannidis and colleagues raise several important issues concerning the potential misuse and misinterpretation of the E-value, a metric related to the robustness of associations to...
PROVIDER PERSPECTIVES ON THE FEASIBILITY AND UTILITY OF ROUTINE PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT IN HEART FAILURE: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) objectively measure health-related quality of life and provide prognostic information. Despite apparent advantages, the use of PROs in routine clinical care are rare. To better understand the barriers and facilitators of routine PRO use, we conducted a multi-center
Keap1-Nrf2 System Plays an Important Role in Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Development and Homeostasis.

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) proteins work in concert to regulate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant system also participates in T cell differentiation and inflammation, but its role in innate T cell development and functions remains unclear. We report that T cell-specific deletion of Keap1 results in defective development and reduced numbers of invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells in the thymus and the peripheral organs in a cell-intrinsic manner. The frequency of NKT2 and NKT17 cells increases while NKT1 decreases in these mice. Keap1-deficient NKT cells show increased rates of proliferation and apoptosis, as well as increased glucose uptake and mitochondrial function, but reduced ROS, CD122, and Bcl2 expression. In NKT cells deficient in Nrf2 and Keap1, all these phenotypic and metabolic defects are corrected. Thus, the Keap1-Nrf2 system contributes to NKT cell development and homeostasis by regulating cell metabolism.
Water clarity and temperature effects on walleye safe harvest: an empirical test of the safe operating space concept

Successful management of natural resources requires local action that adapts to larger‐scale environmental changes in order to maintain populations within the safe operating space (SOS) of acceptable conditions. Here, we identify the boundaries of the SOS for a managed freshwater fishery in the first empirical test of the SOS concept applied to management of harvested resources. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are popular sport fish with declining populations in many North American lakes, and understanding the causes of and responding to these changes is a high priority for fisheries management. We evaluated the role of changing water clarity and temperature in the decline of a high‐profile walleye population in Mille Lacs, Minnesota, USA, and estimated safe harvest under changing conditions from 1987 to 2017. Thermal–optical habitat area (TOHA)—the proportion of lake area in which the optimal thermal and optical conditions for walleye overlap—was estimated using a thermodynamic simulation model of daily water temperatures and light conditions. We then used a SOS model to analyze how walleye carrying capacity and safe harvest relate to walleye thermal–optical habitat. Thermal–optical habitat area varied annually and declined over time due to increased water clarity, and maximum safe harvest estimated by the SOS model varied by nearly an order of magnitude. Maximum safe harvest levels of walleye declined with declining TOHA. Walleye harvest exceeded safe harvest estimated by the SOS model in 16 out of the 30 yr of our dataset, and walleye abundance declined following 14 of those years, suggesting that walleye harvest should be managed to accommodate changing habitat conditions. By quantifying harvest trade‐offs associated with loss of walleye habitat, this study provides a framework for managing walleye in the context of ecosystem change.
For the Time(d) Being: The Form Hate Takes in The Hate U Give

The fight for Black lives is waged in seconds; that’s the lesson of the young-adult-novel-turned-feature-film The Hate U Give, hailed for its empowering narrative of one Black girl speaking out for...
Impact of Dispersion Solvent on Ionomer Thin Films and Membranes

Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers are an important class of materials that many electrochemical devices rely on as their ion-conducting electrolyte. Often, PFSA films are prepared through solu...
Training to Cure-Implementing a Hepatitis C Clinic Curriculum in Primary Care Residency Training.

Residents lack exposure to chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection management, limiting the pipeline of providers able to alleviate the treatment bottleneck. We surveyed 34 residents rotating through a new HCV curriculum comprised of a clinic primer, didactics, and supervised patient care. Outcome measures were knowledge and self-efficacy regarding HCV management. HCV knowledge scores improved significantly from 58% pre-clinic to 76% immediately post (p < 0.001)- and 66% 3-month post-clinic (p = 0.006). Residents felt more confident managing HCV after the clinic rotation. Our clinic curriculum is feasible, improves knowledge regarding HCV, and is a unique approach to preparing physicians to cure HCV.
Correlation-Based Analytics of Time Series Data

Correlation-based analytics of time series data is important for a wide range of applications from stock analysis to weather forecasting. Yet performing these analytics at the granularity of subsequences of time series is prohibitively costly for large data sets. Our proposed framework CORAL (CORrelation based AnaLytics) tackles this challenge by adopting a preprocess-once and query-many-times paradigm. In a preprocessing step, CORAL compresses time series data into compact clusters, each identified by a unique representative, taking advantage of the Euclidean distance triangle inequality property. Using a mapping between the metric Euclidean distance and non-metric Pearson correlation, we establish inter- and intra-cluster correlation bounds as foundation for CORAL processing. In the CORAL model, inter-cluster correlation relationships are captured as a compact overlay graph with representatives as nodes and the correlation between cluster representatives as edges. The two CORAL bounds support time series matching by realizing the comparison among the cluster representatives at the abstract level in the CORAL graph model in place of the underlying huge collection of raw time series. The resulting CORAL model effectively supports a rich set of analytics operations including retrieval of the best-correlated subsequence, self-correlation, and detection of groups of correlated subsequences. Our comprehensive experimental evaluation on 85 real benchmark datasets demonstrates that CORAL is many fold faster than state-of-the-art systems while returning highly accurate results.