cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competition and coexistence of phytoplankton under fluctuating light: experiments with two cyanobacteria

The effects of light fluctuations on phytoplankton competition were examined in the experiments with 2 freshwater cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos-aquae and Phormidium luridum. Light regimes had the same average irradiance of 50 µmol photons m -2 s -1 and included constant light, high- low light fluctuations of 8 and 24 h periods and light:dark fluctuations of a 24 h period. A mechanistic model of light competition was used to predict competitive outcomes under these light regimes. The parameter values were obtained experimentally for constant light conditions. In the experiments, A. flos-aquae was rapidly excluded under constant light but persisted under fluctuating light. The model predicted well the dynamics and the outcome of competition under constant light but performed poorly under fluctuating light. The results indicate that light fluctuations may change the dynamics and outcome of competition and slow competitive exclusion and also that competition under fluctuating light cannot necessarily be predicted from the constant light monoculture dynamics.
Regarding the reaction$$\bar K$$ → Λ0+2π

A recent proposal to determine\(P_{K\Lambda } \), the relative KΛ parity, by a study of the reaction\(\bar K\) → Λ0+2π, in flight and at low energies, is generalized to include the admittedly remote possibility of a spin 2 K-meson. The appropriate forms of the differential cross-sections are found, the treatment being non-relativistic and strictly phenomenological. The approximation for the matrix elements is based on barrier penetration considerations. Final state interactions are neglected. If the assumptions, which are the same as those made previously, are valid,\(P_{K\Lambda } \) may be determined independently of whether the K-meson spin is zero or 2. In addition, there is a possibility of distinguishing spin zero from spin 2.
Ethical characteristics of whistle blowers

Abstract Thirty-two undergraduates participated in a confederate-peer study of “whistle blowing” behavior. Using J. R. Rest's (1979, Revised Manual for the Defining Issues Test , Minneapolis, Minnesota Moral Research Projects) Defining Issues Test as a measure of moral reasoning subjects were determined to be at conventional or principled levels of moral reasoning. Subjects individually read an article authored by the professor-investigator and answered questions about the article on a multiple choice test. A confederate-peer pointed out predesigned errors in the article to each subject. In treatment I the confederate referred to an article in The American Psychologist to point out discrepancies in information. In treatment II she referred to a typed transcript of the same article; authorship was ambiguous. Subjects who “blew the whistle” on the professor's errors, e.g., pointed out the discrepancies to the investigator, were found to be significantly different in level of moral reasoning from those who did not ( p = .025). These differences remained when grade point average, assertiveness scores, and sex of subject were statistically controlled. There was no difference in behavior of subjects in treatment I and treatment II. Subjects' stated reasons for blowing the whistle or not blowing the whistle are summarized.
Characteristics of convective heat transport in a packed pebble-bed reactor

Abstract Obtaining more precise results and a better understanding of the heat transport mechanism in the dynamic core of packed pebble-bed reactors is needed because this mechanism poses extreme challenges to the reliable design and efficient operation of these reactors. This mechanism can be quantified in terms of a solid-to-gas convective heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, in this work, the local convective heat transfer coefficients and their radial profiles were measured experimentally in a separate effect pilot-plant scale and cold-flow experimental setup of 0.3 m in diameter, using a sophisticated noninvasive heat transfer probe of spherical type. The effect of gas velocity on the heat transfer coefficient was investigated over a wide range of Reynolds numbers of practical importance. The experimental investigations of this work include various radial locations along the height of the bed. It was found that an increase in coolant gas flow velocity causes an increase in the heat transfer coefficient and that effect of the gas flow rate varies from laminar to turbulent flow regimes at all radial positions of the studied packed pebble-bed reactor. The results show that the local heat transfer coefficient increases from the bed center to the wall due to the change in the bed structure, and hence, in the flow pattern of the coolant gas. The findings clearly indicate that one value of an overall heat transfer coefficient cannot represent the local heat transfer coefficients within the bed; therefore, correlations are needed to predict the radial and axial profiles of the heat transfer coefficient.
Relative contributions of parent substance use and childhood maltreatment to chronic homelessness, depression, and substance abuse problems among homeless women: mediating roles of self-esteem and abuse in adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: This study, using latent variable methodology, explores simultaneously the relative effects of childhood abuse and early parental substance abuse on later chronic homelessness, depression, and substance abuse problems in a sample of homeless women. We also examine whether self-esteem and recent violence can serve as mediators between the childhood predictors and the dysfunctional outcomes.METHOD: The sample consists of 581 homeless women residing in shelters or sober living centers in Los Angeles (54% African-American, 23% Latina, 22% White, mean age=33.5 years). Multiple-indicator latent variables served as predictors and outcomes in structural models. Childhood abuse was indicated by sexual, physical, and verbal abuse.RESULTS: Childhood abuse directly predicted later physical abuse, chronic homelessness, depression, and less self-esteem. Parent substance use directly predicted later substance use problems among the women. Recent physical abuse predicted chronic homelessness, depression, and substance use problems. Greater self-esteem predicted less depression and fewer substance use problems. Childhood abuse also had significant indirect effects on depression, chronic homelessness, and drug and alcohol problems mediated through later physical abuse and self-esteem.CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a strong relationship between childhood abuse and parent drug use, childhood abuse was the more pervasive and devastating predictor of dysfunctional outcomes. Childhood abuse predicted a wider range of problems including lower self-esteem, more victimization, more depression, and chronic homelessness, and indirectly predicted drug and alcohol problems. The mediating roles of recent physical abuse and self-esteem suggest salient leverage points for change through empowerment training and self-esteem enhancement in homeless women. Language: en
Preparation and characterization of highly conducting and transparent Al doped CdO thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Highly conducting and transparent aluminum doped CdO thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of growth temperature on structural, electrical, and optical properties was studied. It is observed that the film orientation changes from preferred (1 1 1) plane to (2 0 0) plane with increase in growth temperature. The electrical resistivity of the films was found to increase with increase in growth temperature. The low resistivity of 4.3 × 10 −5 Ω cm and high transparency (∼85%) was obtained for the film grown at 150 °C. The band gap of the films varies from 2.74 eV to 2.84 eV.
The stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in testes of the neonatal mouse

Abstract The activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the testes of neonatal mice was markedly enhanced by the subcutaneous injection of the epidermal growth factor. Concomitant with this increase was an accumulation of radioactive putrescine in the testes from labeled ornithine. Epidermal growth factor directly stimulated testicular ornithine decarboxylase in vitro.
Problems and Solutions for Estimating Indel Rates and Length Distributions

Insertions and deletions (indels) are fundamental but understudied components of molecular evolution. Here we present an expectation-maximization algorithm built on a pair hidden Markov model that is able to properly handle indels in neutrally evolving DNA sequences. From a data set of orthologous introns, we estimate relative rates and length distributions of indels among primates and rodents. This technique has the advantage of potentially handling large genomic data sets. We find that a zeta power-law model of indel lengths provides a much better fit than the traditional geometric model and that indel processes are conserved between our taxa. The estimated relative rates are about 12-16 indels per 100 substitutions, and the estimated power-law magnitudes are about 1.6-1.7. More significantly, we find that using the traditional geometric/affine model of indel lengths introduces artifacts into evolutionary analysis, casting doubt on studies of the evolution and diversity of indel formation using traditional models and invalidating measures of species divergence that include indel lengths.
The use of procaine in acquired malignant hyperthermia in a patient with malignant melanoma metastatic to the parathyroid gland: A case report

The use of intravenous procaine in the treatment of hyperpyrexia in a patient with hyperparathyroidism has not been previously reported. A case of metastatic malignant melanoma precipitating the syndrome of hypertonicity of muscle, hyperpyrexia, acidemia, hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathormone levels is presented.
Adenylate kinase mimics creatine kinase‐MM isoenzyme in a CK isoenzyme electrophoresis assay

Adenylate kinase activity (AK) originating from erythrocytes, present in hemolyzed serum behaves like creatine kinase MM isoenzyme (CK-MM) in some CK electrophoresis assays that employ, in their visualization reagent kits, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as the sole inhibitor of AK, rather than a combination of AMP and a more potent inhibitor of erythrocyte AK, diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A), to inhibit all contaminating-AK activities in serum and quantify only the CK isoenzyme activities in serum following electrophoretic fractionation on agarose gel. This can spuriously overestimate the CK-MM fraction and thereby result in underestimation of CK-MM or CK-BB isoenzymes if present. A hemolyzed serum sample obtained from an elderly patient was erroneously reported as containing low CK-MB due to such overestimation of CK-MM fraction in the sample. Supplementing the AMP already present in the visualization reagent formulation, used to estimate CK isoenzyme concentration in serum, with Ap5A can eliminate or effectively minimize AK interference, especially that caused by hemolysis, and thereby prevent reporting false-negative CK-MB result obtained with CK isoenzyme electrophoresis assays. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Policy, Pedagogy, and Research: Three Issues Affecting Content Area Literacy Courses for Secondary-Level Teacher Candidates

In the wake of tepid National Assessment of Educational Progress reading and writing scores, the creation of College and Career Readiness Standards (National Governor's Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers [NGA & CCSSO], 2010; Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2008), and studies such as the “Diploma to Nowhere” (Wise, 2009) depicting increasing college remediation rates, literacy instruction for adolescents in the United States has reached a critical juncture. In spite of these indicators, few states have established policies that require preservice secondary level teacher candidates to complete literacy education coursework designed to redress such trends. Irrespective of policy mandates, many teacher preparation programs require teacher candidates to take one (three credit hour) course in content area literacy (National Governor's Association Center for Best Practices [NGA], 2005; Snipes & Horwitz, 2008). Given the importance of this solitary course req...
Perceptions of the Jackson-Timberlake Super Bowl incident: role of sexism and erotophobia.

Summary 201 college women's and 179 men's impressions of the Jackson-Timberlake Super Bowl incident were related to measures of benevolent sexism, hostile sexism, and erotophobia. For both women and men high benevolent sexism was correlated (.17-.24) to perceptions that the incident was degrading and that agents (e.g., MTV, NFL, Hollywood) other than the actors were responsible for the incident, whereas high erotophobia was correlated (.29–.39) to perceptions that the incident was degrading, attributable to others, and personally upsetting.
A case of vestibular and oculomotor pathology from bilateral AICA watershed infarcts treated with basilar artery stenting.

Bilateral AICA infarcts may be the result of impaired arterial flow in watershed territories that overlap with PICA and SCA brainstem/cerebellar circulation among patients with critical basilar artery stenosis (1-3). We report one such patient with watershed bilateral AICA infarcts. She had a two-week history of progressive truncal ataxia, frequent falls, dysarthria and episodic vomiting. Examination suggested brainstem/cerebellar localization. She had bilateral symmetric infarcts of the cerebellar flocculus and middle cerebellar peduncles (MCP) due to tandem proximal and mid-basilar artery (BA) stenosis. Failure to improve on maximal medical therapy led to BA angioplasty/ stenting, with improved brainstem/cerebellum circulation and neurologic deficits.
Solid-State NMR and Resonance Raman Studies of Ultramarine Pigments

We report on a study of ultramarine pigments via Colorimetry, resonance Raman, and 27Al, 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy. NMR parameters are shown to correlate well with the intensities of Raman signals corresponding to the chromophores S3−. and S2−.. Further, a correlation is established between the colorimetric parameters L* (lightness) and C* (chromaticity) and the paramagnetic shift in NMR spectra for both 27Al and 29Si. The parameter h (hue) appeared not to vary over the range of paramagnetic host concentrations studied. Preliminary results on faded pigments in both acidic and basic media show that the concentration of diamagnetic guest molecules in the sodalite lattice rises, and some of the paramagnetic species are replaced.
De)coupling Limit of DGP

We investigate the decoupling limit in the DGP model of gravity by studying its non-linear equations of motion. We show that, unlike 4D massive gravity, the limiting theory does not reduce to a sigma model of a single scalar field: Non-linear mixing terms of the scalar with a tensor also survive. Because of these terms physics of DGP is different from that of the scalar sigma model. We show that the static spherically-symmetric solution of the scalar model found in [A. Nicolis, R. Rattazzi, JHEP 0406 (2004) 059, hep-th/0404159], is not a solution of the full set of non-linear equations. As a consequence of this, the interesting result on hidden superluminality uncovered recently in the scalar model in [A. Adams, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dubovsky, A. Nicolis, R. Rattazzi, hep-th/0602178], is not applicable to the DGP model of gravity. While the sigma model violates positivity constraints imposed by analyticity and the Froissart bound, the latter cannot be applied here because of the long-range tensor interactions that survive in the decoupling limit. We discuss further the properties of the Schwarzschild solution that exhibits the gravitational mass-screening phenomenon.
Atrial natriuretic factor-induced systemic vasoconstriction in conscious dogs, rats, and monkeys.

This study addresses the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a primary vasodilator, which reduces arterial pressure directly and increases total peripheral resistance secondarily by reflex mechanisms. The effects of 30-minute infusions of ANF (0.3 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) were examined in conscious dogs, rats, and monkeys before and after ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium. In seven intact, conscious dogs, ANF reduced mean arterial pressure by 7 +/- 1% and cardiac output by 19 +/- 3% and increased total peripheral resistance by 15 +/- 3%. After ganglionic blockade, ANF reduced mean arterial pressure by 7 +/- 2% but still increased total peripheral resistance by 15 +/- 3%. Similar results were observed in four dogs with total cardiac denervation and in six dogs with arterial baroreceptor denervation. Furthermore, in two dogs, combined ganglionic and alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockades failed to alter the rise in total peripheral resistance observed with ANF. In six intact, conscious rats, ANF reduced mean arterial pressure by 8 +/- 2% and cardiac output by 27 +/- 2% and increased total peripheral resistance by 27 +/- 5%. After ganglionic blockade, ANF still increased total peripheral resistance by 13 +/- 3%. In six intact, conscious monkeys, ANF reduced mean arterial pressure by 14 +/- 2% and cardiac output by 26 +/- 3% and increased total peripheral resistance by 17 +/- 3%. However, after ganglionic blockade. ANF decreased total peripheral resistance by 11 +/- 2%. These data provide evidence for a fundamental species difference in the vascular actions of ANF. In conscious dogs, ANF elicits "direct" vasoconstriction, which increases total peripheral resistance, even in the presence of denervation of reflexes or autonomic blockade. In conscious rats, ANF elicits both direct and reflexly mediated vasoconstriction. In conscious monkeys, although a component of direct vasoconstriction may also be present, the most prominent component appears to be reflexly mediated, since it was abolished by ganglionic blockade.
Comprehensive Assessment of Hurricane Shelters: Lessons from Hurricane Georges

Gulf of Mexico states concerned with the potential adverse impact of a hurricane, participated in a joint effort to systematically evaluate the structural integrity of shelters to be opened in the event of a hurricane. The University of Florida School of Building Construction under contract by the Florida Office of Emergency Management, prepared a detailed hurricane shelter site evaluation worksheet, guide, and summary form to be used in an assessment of hurricane disaster shelters. The worksheet and summary form were established with consideration of shelter requirements established by the American Red Cross. An assessment of hurricane shelters was completed in 1998 in the southern half of Louisiana under contract with the Louisiana Office of Emergency Preparedness using the Florida shelter assessment materials prior to Hurricane Georges. Using data from this assessment, a statistical analysis was performed comparing the shelters used and not used in Hurricane Georges in Louisiana. The analysis was completed by both individual hazard criterion and for a marginal composite criterion, to test whether the proportions of response profiles (preferred, acceptable, and marginal) varied significantly across the used and unused shelters. The response profiles were particularly significant in the "building construction" category, with 74% (399%) in the preferred category for the used (unused) shelters. There was also considerable dissatisfaction with the "wind design," "exterior wall design," and "interior safe space" with less than 5% in the preferred categories for both the used and unused shelters.
Anaerobic Transformation Kinetics and Mechanism of Steroid Estrogenic Hormones in Dairy Lagoon Water

Wastewater from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) frequently contains high concentrations of steroid estrogenic hormones. Release of these hormones into the environment may occur when CAFO wastewater is applied to agricultural lands as a nutrient and water source for crop production. To assess the potential risk of hormone contaminants derived from animal wastewater, we investigated the trans- formation kinetics and mechanisms of three natural estrogenic hormones (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone) in aqueous solutions blended with dairy lagoon water under anaerobic conditions. Initial transformations of the three hormones in the dairy lagoon water were dominated by biodegradation and the degradation rates were temperature-dependent. The total amounts of hormones (initial concentration at 5 mg L −1 ) remaining in the solution after 52 days at 35 °C accounted for approximately 85%, 78%, and 77% of the initial amounts of 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone, respectively. This observation suggests that these hormones are relatively stable over time and may accumulate in anaerobic or anoxic environments and anaerobic CAFO lagoons. A racemization reaction between 17α-estradiol and 17β-estradiol via estrone was observed in aqueous solutions in the presence of CAFO wastewater under anaerobic conditions. The initial hormone concentrations did not affect this degradation mechanism. A reversible reaction kinetic model was applied to fit the observed transformation dynamics. The degradation and regeneration of the parent hormone and its metabolites were successfully simulated by this model. The information in this study is useful for assessing the environmental risk of steroid hormones released from CAFO wastewater and to better understand why these hormone contaminants persist in many aquatic environments.
Model for order-disorder kinetics in certain quasi-binary crystals of continuously variable composition

Abstract A model is presented for the exchange kinetics of two ions between two or more non-equivalent lattice sites in quasi-binary crystals. The model is based upon the postulate of constant or near constant exchange energy between sites and should be applicable to certain complex crystals in which only a fraction of the atoms or ions of the lattice participate in the exchange. The equilibrium isotherms and the integrated rate equation are discussed for the case of two non-equivalent lattice sites with particular emphasis on isothermal disordering since this lends itself well to experimentation. The equations obtained are the simplest possible for a crystal involving two lattice sites. Although the rate equation has not yet been tested, certain data seem to confirm the equilibrium isotherms obtained as well as the shift of the equilibrium with temperature.
What plant hydraulics can tell us about responses to climate-change droughts.

'Summary' 14 I. 'Introduction' 14 II. 'The transpiration supply function' 15 III. 'The transpiration loss function' 17 IV. 'General properties of the supply–loss theory' 19 V. 'Variations on the theme' 19 VI. 'Predicting responses to climate' 21 VII. 'Implications for productivity and mortality: the chronic stress hypothesis' 22 VIII. 'Conclusion' 24 'Acknowledgements' 24 References 24 Summary Climate change exposes vegetation to unusual drought, causing declines in productivity and increased mortality. Drought responses are hard to anticipate because canopy transpiration and diffusive conductance (G) respond to drying soil and vapor pressure deficit (D) in complex ways. A growing database of hydraulic traits, combined with a parsimonious theory of tree water transport and its regulation, may improve predictions of at-risk vegetation. The theory uses the physics of flow through soil and xylem to quantify how canopy water supply declines with drought and ceases by hydraulic failure. This transpiration ‘supply function’ is used to predict a water ‘loss function’ by assuming that stomatal regulation exploits transport capacity while avoiding failure. Supply–loss theory incorporates root distribution, hydraulic redistribution, cavitation vulnerability, and cavitation reversal. The theory efficiently defines stomatal responses to D, drying soil, and hydraulic vulnerability. Driving the theory with climate predicts drought-induced loss of plant hydraulic conductance (k), canopy G, carbon assimilation, and productivity. Data lead to the ‘chronic stress hypothesis’ wherein > 60% loss of k increases mortality by multiple mechanisms. Supply–loss theory predicts the climatic conditions that push vegetation over this risk threshold. The theory's simplicity and predictive power encourage testing and application in large-scale modeling.
Priced and Unpriced Online Markets

Some online resources are free and others are not— but it can be hard to predict which resources are in which category. Do users pay for web-based e-mail? Sometimes they do, as in the case of lifetime e-mail service from Pobox, but often they do not, as in the case of Hotmail from Microsoft or Gmail from Google. Do users pay for wireless Internet access at “hotspots”? Historically such access carries a fee, as it does at the T-Mobile HotSpots at many airports and hotels, but now a number of retail outlets are providing such access without a fee, such as Panera Bread, Whole Foods, and recently Starbucks. Do users pay for software? Many users do pay for a wide variety of commercial software, yet other software like the Linux operating system and the FireFox web browser can be downloaded without charge. Zero prices offer important benefits, even relative to small positive prices. For one, fee-free access reduces transaction costs— eliminating the need for billing systems as well as, in many cases, account setup, user names, and the like. Furthermore, zero prices seem to create an environment of experimentation and progress for products and consumers (Lessig, 2002; von Hippel, 2001). Finally, consumers overwhelmingly favor zero-price products, even beyond what might be predicted by their ordinary efforts to maximize consumer surplus (Shampanier, Mazar, and Ariely, 2007). Yet experience in other contexts offers cause for concern. Although marginal costs may be near zero for many levels of use of online resources, costs generally eventually increase as usage nears a capacity constraint given by technological capability or system design. More generally, experience in other contexts repeatedly reveals overconsumption, scarcity, and even hoarding when resources are
Cultural Geography: A Survey of Perceptions Held by Cultural Geography Specialty Group Members

Abstract As of the year 2000, the Cultural Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers had 465 members and ranked fourth overall in total membership within the association. Furthermore, cultural geographers had the second fastest growing specialty group between 1993 and 1998, after the Geographic Perspectives on Women specialty group. In spite of this demonstrated overwhelming appeal among geographers, to date, no one has systematically analyzed the subdiscipline of cultural geography to determine such things as its links to other aspects of the discipline, its major scholarly contributions, its most highly regarded publication outlets, its notable practitioners, and its most recognized departments. As the ranks of cultural geographers have swelled, the subdiscipline has become multifaceted. This article contextualizes and interprets the results of a survey sent to members of the 1998–1999 Cultural Geography Specialty Group. Outcomes include Louisiana State University and the Univ...
Answering the Unexpected Questions: Exploring the Relationship Between Students' Creative Self-Efficacy and Teacher Ratings of Creativity

Two studies explored the relationship between elementary students’ creative self-efficacy (CSE) beliefs (i.e., self-judgments of creative ability) and teachers’ ratings of students’ creativity. In Study 1, elementary students’ (N 595) CSE beliefs in science predicted teachers’ ratings of students’ creative expression in science, accounting for a significant, but small (3.4%), proportion of variation in teachers’ ratings. Results of Study 1 also indicate that students’ CSE beliefs tended to decline by grade level and teachers tended to rate females and White students as more creative. In Study 2, elementary students’ (N 306) CSE beliefs in science and math predicted teachers’ ratings of creative expression in math and science, again accounting for a significant, but small (2.1% in science; 4.2% in math), proportion of variation in teachers’ ratings. Also similar to Study 1, results indicate students’ CSE beliefs declined by grade level. Results of Study 2 indicate that students tended to underestimate their creative ability and tended to differentiate between creative ability in science and math (whereas their teachers did not). Implications for creativity research are discussed.
Prediction of psychosis onset in Alzheimer disease: the role of depression symptom severity and the HTR2A T102C polymorphism.

Psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD + P) identify a heritable phenotype associated with a more severe course. We recently found an association of AD + P with depression symptom severity. Reports have shown an association of a serotonin-2A receptor (HTR2A) gene T102C polymorphism with AD + P and with depression during AD. We examined the interaction of this common genetic polymorphism with depression and increased psychosis risk. Subjects with possible or probable AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) without psychosis at study entry were genotyped for the HTR2A T102C polymorphism and reassessed every 6 months until psychosis onset. Psychotic and depressive symptoms were rated using the CERAD behavioral rating scale (CBRS). Cox proportional hazard models with time-dependent covariates were used to examine associations with psychosis onset. A total of 324 Caucasian subjects completed at least one follow-up exam. Depressive symptom severity was a strong predictor of psychosis onset. Neither psychosis onset nor depression severity was associated with the HTR2A genotype. Genotype interacted with depression severity to moderate the risk of AD + P onset. This did not result from an interaction of HTR2A genotype with antidepressant use. Psychosis onset in AD is strongly associated with severity of depressive symptoms, an association that may be modified by HTR2A genotype. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Endoparasites of soil nematodes and rotifers II: The genus Haptocillium

Two species of nematode endoparasites, Acrostalagmus bactrosporus Drechsler and Acrostalagmus obovatus Drechsler, which infect by spore adhesion, are transferred into the recently erected genus, Haptocillium Zare and Gams. We report on these species for the first time since their initial description over 60 years ago. Cultivation of both these fungi on corn meal agar revealed the production of alternative spore types not seen in association with the nematode host.
Evaluation of Chlamydia Case Report Data: Completeness of Key Variables—United States, 2012

Chlamydia, a sexually transmitted infection, is the most commonly reported nationally notifable disease in the United States We assessed the completeness of key variables included in chlamydia case report data submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during 2012. Most of the reviewed demographic and geographic variables provided to CDC on 2012 chlamydia case reports had complete values. Diagnosis-related variables provided on case reports were less complete, in particular anatomic specimen site. Further investigation is needed to identify barriers to submitting complete data. Additional evaluation of validity (e.g., accuracy) of data provided is needed to fully evaluate chlamydia case report data.
Domaines de la Nuit et Autorité Onirique dans les Maquis du Sud-Cameroun (1955–1958)

This article explores the dreams recorded by Ruben Um Nyobe in 1958, shortly before his death during the struggle which the Union des Populations du Cameroun waged against the terms which the French and their local allies sought to impose on Camerounese independence. The struggle should not be categorized in the inflationary rhetoric of African ‘revolutions’. Rather, it should be viewed as a movement of resistance and assertion within the colonial arena, where European authorities controlled certain strategic points while African communities maintained predominance at other locations. In this connection it is important to understand the importance which African communities in southern Cameroun attached to the world of the invisible and the ‘economy of the night’. It was in the invisible world that Africans, and especially those who were considered to be leaders and therapists in their societies, had sought to manipulate the ‘economy of the day’ and the strategic points controlled by the colonial economy and administration since the late 19th century. In this context, the dreams and annotations of Um Nyobe become significant, not as an expression of sexual preoccupations or the residual psychological orientations of his society, but as historical evidence: signs and statements of his effort to control the day, direct the struggle, and bring healing to his community, and acts of political as well as cultural significance. The colonial regime framed and affected the lives of its subjects, even to the point of consciousness and dreams, but at the same time the subjects fashioned their own space, refashioned their institutions, reinterpreted the actions of the regime and continually undermined its authority.
MONEY AS A LEGAL INSTITUTION 1

Money has long played a central role in the character and culture of the Western world. It is seminal to economic activity and analysis: money provides the unit in which prices appear, supplies a medium of exchange, and acts as a store of value. Money is essential as well to critics of economic orthodoxy: according to Marx, capitalism arrived when individuals moved from exchange aimed to reproduce equal values to exchange aimed to accumulate monetary capital. Other commentators agree on the centrality of money, for better or worse. Karl Polanyi argued that money carried Western societies across a threshold that threatened the fabric of social life. Describing the 19th century, he wrote, ‘All transactions are turned into money transactions, and these in turn require that a medium of exchange be introduced into every articulation of industrial life.’ Popular culture restates that theme, whether observers identify the Gold Standard as ‘the standard of civilization’ or bemoan ‘the almighty dollar.’ 2
An inside job: how endosomal Na+/H+ exchangers link to autism and neurological disease

Autism imposes a major impediment to childhood development and a huge emotional and financial burden on society. In recent years, there has been rapidly accumulating genetic evidence that links the eNHE, a subset of Na+/H+ exchangers that localize to intracellular vesicles, to a variety of neurological conditions including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability and epilepsy. By providing a leak pathway for protons pumped by the V-ATPase, eNHE determine luminal pH and regulate cation (Na+, K+) content in early and recycling endosomal compartments. Loss-of-function mutations in eNHE cause hyperacidification of endosomal lumen, as a result of imbalance in pump and leak pathways. Two isoforms, NHE6 and NHE9 are highly expressed in brain, including hippocampus and cortex. Here, we summarize evidence for the importance of luminal cation content and pH on processing, delivery and fate of cargo and on the surface expression and function of membrane receptors and neurotransmitter transporters, drawing upon insights from model organisms and mammalian cells. These studies lead to cellular models of eNHE activity in pre- and post-synaptic neurons and astrocytes, where they could impact synapse development and plasticity. The study of eNHE has provided new insight on the mechanism of autism and other debilitating neurological disorders and opened up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.
Role of Deceased Mentors in the Ongoing Lives of Protégés

Participants addressed questions relating to the role(s) that deceased mentors continue to play in their lives, if any. Three active roles, designated as role model, situation specific guidance, and values clarification emerged, along with one inactive role designated remembrance formation. Roles were evenly distributed among participants. Membership in role category appeared unrelated to participants' age, gender, relationship to mentor, length and timing of mentoring, degree of grief resolution, emotional stability, and a number of other potentially relevant variables. Findings are discussed in relation to Western theories of grief, the emerging literature on continuing bonds with the deceased, and implications for conceptual changes in the language and goals of grief therapy and grief counseling.
Goals and Strategies in Brain Research: The Place of Comparative Neurology

Scientific explanation amounts to describing a mystery in the language of a lower, more basic level, usually the next one down. The mystery is simply pushed down to become phenomenology at the lower level, and now requires “explanation” in a still more basic language. Applied to the brain and to its organizational or system aspects, the goals here addressed, out of the many possible, are much like asking “How does a university work?” Answers at different levels are compared.
An Integrated Approach for Retail Budget Allocations Across Store Labor and Marketing Activities

The performance of a retail store depends on its ability to attract customer traffic, match labor with incoming traffic, and convert the incoming traffic into sales. Retailers make significant investments in marketing activities (such as advertising to bring customers into their stores) and in store labor (to convert that traffic into sales). In addition to advertising, some retailers offer promotions to shift store traffic within the day from peak to off-peak hours and reduce intra-day traffic variability.Based on prior studies and proprietary data, we establish the relationship between weekly sales performance of a retail store with respect to weekly store traffic, weekly store labor hours, and average intra-day traffic variability within a week. We develop a centralized model to allocate jointly limited store budget across (i) store labor, (ii) marketing efforts to drive traffic into the store, and (iii) marketing efforts to shift store traffic from busy to slow hours within a day, with the objective of maximizing store sales. We also discuss an uncoordinated case where the marketing group and the labor planning group make decisions separately. For this setting, we present different mechanisms that can be employed to achieve the centralized solution. Finally, we provide a framework that incorporates the output of the budget allocation model to facilitate store level sales force scheduling. Based on the results of our model, we present several insights that can help managers in budget allocation and sales force planning.
Large Area 1200 V SiC BJTs with β>100 and ρON<3 mΩcm2

Large (4.3 mm2) area SiC BJTs were demonstrated with a current gain of 117 and a specific on-resistance of 2.8 mΩcm2. The open-base and open-emitter breakdown voltages are stable and with margin sufficient for 1200 V blocking. Fast and tail-current free switching behaviour was shown with rise- and fall-times in the range of 10-30 ns and the SiC BJTs were shown to be rugged in short-circuit and unclamped inductive switching.
The Politics of Asylum

This is a review of Philip Schrag, A Well Founded Fear: The Congressional Battle to Save Political Asylum in America (Routledge), which depicts the efforts of the book's author to protect U.S. asylum laws from being gutted by congressional Republicans in 1995. The book describes Professor Schrag's creation of a group, the Committee to Preserve Asylum, and its success, along with its allies, in winning concessions on a series of important issues. This book is as reader friendly an account of a bewilderingly labrynthine legislative process as we are ever likely to get. It underscores the importance of competing media images; opponents of asylum focused on abuses; its defenders brought forth stories of horrible persecution. One of the most important qualities of the book is what it teaches about congressional politics generally, not just in the context of asylum. In an extremely perceptive final chapter, Schrag proposes 16 "hypotheses" that can be tested by other case studies. Drawing on his case study, he emphasizes how open, fluid and participatory politics can be; the effectiveness of lobbying unaccompanied by campaign contributions, the immense energy and time required to shape legislation over a two year period and the emotional roller coaster this entails; the ability of even poorly funded groups to influence policy agendas, the value of the administration's support even when it does not control Congress, the tactical significance of issue packaging, the centrality of procedure, both in Congress and in the laws that it enacts, the importance of timing, contingency and sheer "dumb luck" and the value of personal meetings with members and staff.
A Small Solution to a Large Problem: Simple Changes to Make CAFE Standards Better

In light of America's ongoing fuel crisis, this paper offers a pair of very simple changes to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) methodology for determining Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for vehicles. The paper includes a description of the current CAFE standards and how those levels are set, a brief description of two federal court cases critical of those standards, as well as my proposed remedies.
The effect of a culturally informed therapy on self-conscious emotions and burden in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective Caring for a family member with schizophrenia often results in high degrees of self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt/self-blame), burden, and other serious mental health consequences. Research suggests that ethnic and cultural factors strongly influence the manner in which family members respond to mental illness. Research further indicates that certain cultural practices and values (spirituality, collectivism) may assist family members in coping with the self-conscious emotions and burden associated with caregiving. With this in mind, the authors have developed a family-focused, culturally informed treatment for schizophrenia (CIT-S). Method Using a sample of 113 caregivers of patients with schizophrenia (60% Hispanic, 28.2% Caucasian, 8% African American, and 3.8% other), the authors assessed the ability of CIT-S to reduce self-conscious emotions and caregiver burden above and beyond a 3-session psychoeducation (PSY-ED) control condition. They further examined whether self-conscious emotions mediated the relationship between treatment type and caregiver burden. Results In line with expectations, CIT-S was found to outperform PSY-ED in reducing guilt/self-blame and caregiver burden. Furthermore, consistent with hypotheses, reductions in guilt/self-blame were found to mediate the changes observed between treatment type and caregiver burden. Although caregivers in both treatment groups demonstrated significant posttreatment reductions in shame, CIT-S was not found to outperform PSY-ED in reducing levels of this construct. Conclusions Results suggest that caregivers of patients with schizophrenia may respond well to a treatment that specifically taps in to their cultural beliefs, values, and behaviors in helping them cope with schizophrenia in a loved one. Study implications and future directions are discussed.
Neuropsychological Practice Effects in the Context of Cognitive Decline: Contributions from Learning and Task Novelty.

Although cognitive decline is typically associated with decreasing practice effects (PEs) (presumably due to declining memory), some studies show increased PEs with declines in cognition. One explanation for these inconsistencies is that PEs reflect not only memory, but also rebounds from adapting to task novelty (i.e., novelty effect), leading to increased PEs. We examined a theoretical model of relationships among novelty effects, memory, cognitive decline, and within-session PEs. Sixty-six older adults ranging from normal to severely impaired completed measures of memory, novelty effects, and two trials each of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4 th Edition Symbol Search and Coding. Interrelationships among variables were examined using regression analyses. PEs for Symbol Search and Coding (a) were related to different proposed PE components (i.e., memory and novelty effects), such that novelty effect predicted Symbol Search PE (R 2 =.239, p<.001) and memory predicted Coding PE (R 2 =.089, p=.015), and (b) showed different patterns across stages of cognitive decline, such that the greatest cognitive decline was associated with smallest Coding PE (R 2 =.125, p=.004), whereas intermediate cognitive decline was associated with the greatest Symbol Search PE (R 2 =.097, p=.040). The relationship between cognitive decline and PE for Symbol Search was partially mediated by novelty effect among older adults with abnormal cognitive decline (model R 2 =.286, p<.001). These findings (a) suggest that PE is not a unitary construct, (b) offer an explanation for contradictory findings in the literature, and (c) highlight the need for a better understanding of component processes of PE across different neuropsychological measures. (JINS, 2016, 22, 453–466)
Sentence Comprehension and Short-Term Memory : Some Developmental Considerations

Four types of stimuli—digit strings, noun phrases plus digit strings, intransitive sentences plus digit strings, and transitive sentences plus digit strings—were presented to subjects for immediate recall. Three groups of subjects were tested: 20 seven-year olds, 20 ten-year olds, and 20 adults.Sentence recall errors and digit spans for each condition are considered in terms of the age of the subjects. Analyses indicate that while digit span for the digit only condition shows a steadily rising function across ages, digit spans for the verbal conditions show irregular slopes, the conditions changing relative positions across ages.Discussion of the results centres on the separate aspects of the maturational increase in short-term memory and the acquisition of linguistic mediational strategies (i.e., " chunking ").
Seeing the Romanian Transition in Cinematic Space

This article focuses on the space of the nation as presented in the films produced in Romania during the communist, transition to democracy, and democratic eras. The author’s analysis addresses cinematic space, the rules that exist within it, the authority of the space, as well as the specific ways in which certain identities are created and integrated in such cinematic spaces. The author traces the persistence of a number of spaces in films produced under different political regimes, transformations or substitutions of spaces, as well as the changes of rules and authorities. The article illustrates the way political, economic, and social changes are represented or imagined in the cinematic space. Special attention is directed to the relationship between the city and the countryside and to how this relationship has changed over time.
Learn to Order Lab Test - A Case Study of Diabetes

The system of electronic medical records (EMR) has been widely adopted in physician practice. Physicians often get limited time to provide care services to patients. Improving practice efficiency is a promising direction to mitigate this predicament. During the encounter, ordering lab test is one of the most frequent actions in EMR system, mainly for diagnosis, screening related reasons or examination. In this paper, our motivation is to save physicianâ€™s time by providing lab test ordering list to facilitate physician practice. We developed a novel weight based multi-label classification framework to learn to order lab test for the current encounter according to the historical EMR. We propose to learn the physician-specific lab test ordering pattern as different physicians may have different practice behaviour to the same population. Experimental results on the real data set demonstrate that physician-specific models can consistently outperform the baseline.