cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of Concatenated Traveling Waves

We consider a reaction–diffusion equation in one space dimension whose initial condition is approximately a sequence of widely separated traveling waves with increasing velocity, each of which is individually asymptotically stable. We show that the sequence of traveling waves is itself asymptotically stable: as \(t\rightarrow \infty \), the solution approaches the concatenated wave pattern, with different shifts of each wave allowed. Essentially the same result was previously proved by Wright (J Dyn Differ Equ 21:315–328, 2009) and Selle (Decomposition and stability of multifronts and multipulses, 2009), who regarded the concatenated wave pattern as a sum of traveling waves. In contrast to their work, we regard the pattern as a sequence of traveling waves restricted to subintervals of \(\mathbb {R}\) and separated at any finite time by small jump discontinuities. Our proof uses spatial dynamics and Laplace transform.
Deployment of dishes with surface discontinuities

The transformation of doubly curved surfaces, without affecting their geometric integrity, into quasifoldable mechanisms via surface discontinuities is proposed. The potential high accuracy, simplicity, and relative freedom of design inherent in this concept are highlighted. Some mechanical characteristics of applications to parabolic dishes are discussed, and kinematic feasibility is demonstrated for a few example designs. Achievable stowage compactness is shown to be competitive with current technology. Functional and manufacturing concerns are summarized. D d E F G h K / M m/ p r t z Nomenclature deployed dish diameter, m, cm stowage cylinder diameter, m, cm Hook's modulus, Nm~2 transverse force, N, of focal length, m surface Gaussian curvature, m~2 stowage cylinder height, m, cm strip bending or torsional stiffness, Nm2 length parameter along strip, m strip bending moment or torque, Nm shell bending in direction i, Nm/m paraboloid parameter, m distance from paraboloid center, m plate thickness, m height above paraboloid vertex, m & = stowage ratio K = curvature of folded strip, m"1 KI = shell curvature in direction i, m"1; I//?/ v = Poisson ratio
Novel nanomaterials for water desalination technology

Water desalination has a central role to play in the global challenge for sustainable water supply in the 21st century. But while the membranes employed in reverse osmosis (RO) have benefited from substantial improvements over the past 25 years, several recent advances in materials suggest that new membranes with dramatically higher water permeability will become available in the future. After providing an overview of the importance of membranes for sustainable water production, we describe some of the most exciting novel approaches for water desalination based on nanomaterials. In particular, graphene, a single-layer sheet of carbon with remarkable mechanical and electronic properties, can be patterned with nanometer-sized pores, to act as an ultra-thin filtration membrane. Drawing from our group's research at MIT, we will share some of our key findings about the potential impact of nanomaterials as membranes for water desalination in the 21st century.
Grammar of a Movement Sequence in Inbred Mice

DETAILED descriptions of mammalian movement sequences are extremely rare. Such descriptions are necessary if we are to understand how behaviour is organized. We have found hierarchical principles of organization by describing in detail the sequences of face grooming components in mice. Grooming in rodents is an easily elicited movement complex that has proved useful in a variety of studies of behavioural integration1,2.
John F. Kennedy and his adrenal disease.

John F. Kennedy was one of the most public men of his generation. However, the details of his health, and in particular, the status of his adrenal glands have remained a topic of rumor and innuendo. This review is an attempt to understand the etiology of his adrenal disease and the impact it had on his professional and personal life. EARLY YEARS Throughout his life, John F. Kennedy was plagued by poor health. During his childhood, he was diagnosed as having asthma, had frequent colds, and was painfully thin. The lack of good health continued through his adolescent and college years. He matriculated at Princeton in 1935, but was forced to withdraw after his freshman year because of “ill health.” He was treated at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and transferred to Harvard University to be closer to home and to his physicians. However, despite a myriad of illnesses throughout his early years, there is no evidence of adrenal insufficiency during the first two decades of his life. There is evidence, however, that he had congenital spine deformities, which may have been exacerbated by football injuries.
Interplanetary field and geomagnetic variations a unified view

Interplanetary magnetic fields from Explorer 33 magnetometer relationship to surface geomagnetic variations emphasizing unified view
From Natural Religion to Natural Law in Vico: Rhetoric, Poetic, and Vico's Imaginative Universals

Abstract: Contemporary scholars have focused on two concepts in Vico9s tkinking: the imaginative universal and the sensus communis. For Vico these concepts emerge from the human race9s first experience of religion. For over a century Vico scholarship has been divided over how to view this experience. This division falls along Aristotelian lines: that is, the primitive religious experience can be seen either as poetic—God and religion are made by the human imagination—or it can be viewed as rhetorical—God and religion are discovered. Vico derives his idea of natural law from the concepts of the imaginative imiversal and the sensus communis , and their relation to religion will affect decisively the status of Vico9s theory of natural law. As a matter of fact, Vico9s thinking on this issue is better understood, first, within the context of Rudolph Otto9s The Idea of the Body , and second, in the context of the Baroque rather than in the context of Aristotelian categories of religion and poetic. Viewed within these contexts, the origin of religion is a theophany that is neither made nor discovered but witnessed, and the development of natural law is an historical process only understood in retrospect. Vico thus differs radically from other Enlightenment thinkers, especially Hume, in his account of primitive religion and provides a basis for natural law that is neither superstitious nor rationalistic, but religious.
Sequence comparison with mixed convex and concave costs

Abstract Recently a number of algorithms have been developed for solving the minimum-weight edit sequence problem with non-linear costs for multiple insertions and deletions. We extend these algorithms to cost functions that are neither convex nor concave, but a mixture of both. We also apply this technique to related dynamic programming algorithms.
ALLOPHYCOCYANIN FORMS ISOLATED FROM NOSTOC SP. PHYCOBILISOMES

— Allophycocyanin from dissociated phycobilisomes of Nostoc sp. occurs in three spectrally identifiable forms that fractionate on calcium phosphate adsorption chromatography as: allophycocyanin (APC) I (15–20%), APC II (4&50%), and APC III (30–40%). APC I has a single absorption maximum at 654 nm, and a fluorescence emission peak at 678 nm. The absorption peaks of APC II and III are both at 650 nm, but the relative absorbance at 620/650 nm of APC III is less than that of APC II. The emission of both is maximum at 660 nm. On zone sedimentation in sucrose, their S20,w values of 6.0 ± 0.1 (APC I), 5.0 ± 0.1 (APC II), and 5.3 ± 0.2 (APC III) were comparable to the order of their elution from Sephadex G-200. On SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis two subunits were resolved with apparent molecular weights of 16,900 and 18,400 daltons. When stained by Coomassie blue, they were present in a ratio of 1α:1β in APC II and III, and a probable ratio of 2a:3β in APC I. The larger size of APC I may be accounted for by additional β subunits, by the presence of an additional polypeptide of 35,000 daltons, or both. Over several days, bleaching as noted by a decrease in absorbance at 650 nm, occurred in all three forms; in addition, the more pronounced bleaching at 650 nm, relative to 620 nm, results in APC III becoming spectrally identical to APC II. A trace of a fourth pigment, probably comparable to allophycocyanin-B, was occasionally detected. The results suggest that several in vitro APC forms (sharing similar subunits) arise upon phycobilisome dissociation, and that APC I is the form most closely related to the final fluorescence emitter of intact phycobilisomes. In this form it probably serves as the bridging pigment in energy transfer from the phycobilisomes to chlorophyll.
REDEFINING CONSTITUTIONAL BOUNDARIES: FEDERALISM IN THE REHNQUIST COURT

On the fundamental distribution of power between states and nation, the record of the Rehnquist Court is mixed. While it has supported state prerogatives in selected areas such as criminal justice, the Court is much less sympathetic in threshold questions of federalism. Using the Commerce Clause, especially in its dormant or negative form, the Court continues to promote federal preemptive efforts. The strength of the ruling in Garcia intensifies almost by default as the Court fails to inquire systematically into the foundational principles of contemporary federalism. The protection of state interests remains in the national political process, not in the judiciary.
Mutational analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces: identification and functional characterization of three genes.

Fermentation of maltose by Saccharomyces strains depends on the presence of any one of five unlinked MAL loci (MAL1, MAL2, MAL3, MAL4 or MAL6). Earlier mutational analyses of MAL2 and MAL6 containing strains have identified a single complementation group at each of these two loci. However complementation analysis between naturally occurring Mal− Saccharomyces strains isolated from the wild demonstrated the presence of two complementation groups (designated MALp and MALg) at the MAL1, MAL3 and MAL6 loci. The available evidence suggests that the MALp gene is functionally equivalent to the complementation group identified by mutational analysis at the MAL6 locus and that this gene encodes a protein involved in the regulation of the coordinate induction of both maltase and maltose permease synthesis. In this paper we report the isolation, in a well characterized MAL1 strain, of 47 mutants unable to ferment maltose. All the mutants, with one exception, map at the MAL1 locus. These mal1 mutants, except for one, are recessive to MAL1 and fall into two major complementation groups. Evidence is presented that these two classes of mutants identify both a gene involved in the regulation of maltose fermentation (MAL1R) and a gene involved in maltose transport (MAL1T). We also report here the isolation of a temperature sensitive maltose nonfermenting mutant mapping at the MAL1 locus identifying a third gene (MAL1S) at this locus. The maltase synthesized by this mutant, when assayed in cell-free extracts, is significantly more thermolabile than the wild type enzyme. Our findings demonstrate that MAL1 is a complex locus comprising at least three genes: MAL1R, a gene involved in the coordinate regulation of the synthesis of maltase and maltose transport; MAL1T, a gene encoding a component of the maltose transport system; and MAL1S, a likely candidate for the structural gene for maltase.
Thymic targets for Abelson murine leukemia virus are early gamma/delta T lymphocytes.

Abstract Molecular analysis has shown that the majority of Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV)-induced primary thymomas represent transformed gamma/delta thymocytes. Many of these thymomas are of monoclonal origin as judged by provirus integration pattern and contain rearranged genes encoding T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma and delta chains but germ-line immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. Some of the monoclonal tumors contain multiple rearranged alleles encoding TCR gamma, delta, and beta chains. Further, one Ab-MuLV thymoma cell line contained germ-line-configuration TCR gamma- and delta-chain genes, which became rearranged after in vitro propagation. Clones of this cell line were observed to rearrange these genes after intrathymic passage. Also, some subclones of this cell line underwent rearrangement of their immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes in culture. These observations suggest that the thymic targets for Ab-MuLV transformation are early gamma/delta thymocytes, some of which continue to rearrange their TCR gamma- and delta-chain genes.
Predicting sex offender recidivism. I. Correcting for item overselection and accuracy overestimation in scale development. II. Sampling error-induced attenuation of predictive validity over base rate information.

The authors demonstrate a statistical bootstrapping method for obtaining unbiased item selection and predictive validity estimates from a scale development sample, using data (N = 256) of Epperson et al. [2003 Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool—Revised (MnSOST—R) technical paper: Development, validation, and recommended risk level cut scores. Retrieved November 18, 2006 from Iowa State University Department of Psychology web site: http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/∼dle/mnsost_download.htm] from which the Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool—Revised (MnSOST—R) was developed. Validity (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) reported by Epperson et al. was .77 with 16 items selected. The present analysis yielded an asymptotically unbiased estimator AUC = .58. The present article also focused on the degree to which sampling error renders estimated cutting scores (appropriate to local [varying] recidivism base rates) nonoptimal, so that the long-run performance (measured by correct fraction, the total proportion of correct classifications) of these estimated cutting scores is poor, when they are applied to their parent populations (having assumed values for AUC and recidivism rate). This was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation over a range of AUC and recidivism rate values. Results indicate that, except for the AUC values higher than have ever been cross-validated, in combination with recidivism base rates severalfold higher than the literature average [Hanson and Morton-Bourgon, 2004, Predictors of sexual recidivism: An updated meta-analysis. (User report 2004-02.). Ottawa: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada], the user of an instrument similar in performance to the MnSOST—R cannot expect to achieve correct fraction performance notably in excess of what is achievable from knowing the population recidivism rate alone. The authors discuss the legal implications of their findings for procedural and substantive due process in relation to state sexually violent person commitment statutes and the Supreme Court’s Kansas v. Hendricks decision regarding the constitutionality of such statutes.
Metabolism of L-Thyroxine (3:5-131I) in Man

Thyroxine (3:5-131I) was synthesized by coupling diiodohyroxyphenylpyruvic acid with diiodotyrosine-131I. The labeled thyroxine was given orally to 1 hypothyroid and 4 euthyroid patients and the serum radioactivity was followed for up to 16 days by means of paper chromatography. Three solvent systems were used as well as radioautography of 2-dimensional chromatograms. Only thyroxine and small amounts of iodide could be identified in the serum samples. No labeled diiodotyrosine or monoiodotyrosine was found as a product of thyroxine degradation. However, stable iodotyrosines were identified in other aliquots of the same sera by the identical procedure using nbutanol extraction, and paper chromatography, followed by elution, and estimation by the eerie sulfate-arsenious acid reaction. The half-life in serum of ingested radioactivity appeared longer than that reported for thyroxine labeled in the 3′:5′-position, but the significance of this finding is uncertain. It is concluded that the α-phenyl ring of thyr...
On the theory of programming logics

A new logic for reasoning about programs is proposed here, and its metamathematics is investigated. No new primitive notions are needed for the logic beyond those used in elementary programming and mathematics, yet the combination of these notions is remarkably powerful. The logic includes a programming language, designed with Michael O'Donnell, for program verification. It forms the core of the PL/CV verifier at Cornell. This study belongs to the discipline of Algorithmic Logic as conceived by Engeler. The logic is related to Park's mu-calculus based on functions instead of relations. The monadic quantifier free subset is developed in the style of the system in J.W. deBakker's Recursive Procedures. But this logic is substantially different from either of these. It is intended to be a practical programming logic in the spirit of E. Dijkstra's calculus. This paper proves the completeness and decidability of the monadic (iterative) programming logic. It discusses the polyadic logic and the programming language briefly, and considers general models for the iterative programming logic. The polyadic logic is shown to be incomplete with respect to standard models, but complete with respect to general models.
Uncertainty reduction through Active Disturbance Rejection

The theme of modern control is how to get around the unknowns, i.e. model uncertainties and disturbances, so that they do not degrade what is valued: stability and performance. That is, the unknowns are accepted as part of the system. Another option perhaps, proposed here, is to first make a frontal attack on the unknowns, to reduce their effects and then, only then, invoke the existing well-established methodology to deal with the remnants. In particular, it is shown that the amount of uncertainties can be reduced by way of active disturbance rejection, implemented in an inner loop to produce a well-behaved plant, which is then regulated by another controller in the outer loop. What's new here is a two degree of freedom design to deal with the unknowns: they are first actively estimated and rejected; then the remaining uncertainty, mostly in high frequency, is dealt with by, say, an Hinfin controller. The result is a hybrid Hinfin-active disturbance rejection control (H-ADRC) strategy. A motion control scenario is used to illustrate how the new approach could benefit problem-solving in the real world.
Jazz2: a flexible and extensible framework for structural testing in a Java VM

This paper describes a framework for structural testing in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), called Jazz2. The framework provides instrumentation, memory management, control flow analysis, and callback handling services for structural tests, such as branch and node coverage. Additionally, it has a language for the specification of how and where to test. These facilities allow for the efficient implementation of demand-driven and static testing techniques. Jazz2 supports an extensible test library, where new tests can be easily added. The paper describes the framework, its implementation, and evaluates how the framework interacts with a JVM, the Jikes Research Virtual Machine (RVM). We demonstrate the ease of implementing a structural test in Jazz2, extending the test library, and specifying the use of these tests with our language. Our experimental results show that Jazz2 has low overhead in both time and memory, and has minimal interaction with the RVM's garbage collector.
Automation for genomics, part one: Preparation for sequencing

In the past four years, automation for genomics has enabled a 43-fold increase in the total finished human genomic sequence in the world. This two-part noncomprehensive review will provide an overview of different types of automation equipment used in genome sequencing. Part One focuses on equipment involved in DNA preparation, DNA sequencing reactions, and other automated procedures for preparing DNA for running on sequencers or subsequent analysis; it also includes information on the development of these machines at various genome centers. Part Two, to be published in the next issue, will cover sequencing machinery and array technology, and conclude with a look at the future technologies that will revolutionize molecular biology. "Alternate" sequencing technologies (including mass spectrometry, biochips, and single-molecule analysis) will also be examined.
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Transcricothyroid Ultrasonography to Confirm Endotracheal Tube Placement in a Cadaver Model

Confirmation of endotracheal (ET) tube placement is critical when performing emergency airway management. No single confirmation strategy has emerged as ideal in all circumstances. Our objective in this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a novel approach to verify endotracheal intubation using transcricothyroid ultrasonography (US). We performed a prospective, randomized double-blinded trial in a human cadaver model. A 7.5-MHz curvilinear probe was placed longitudinally over the cricothyroid membrane as cadavers were randomly intubated in either the trachea or esophagus in two phases: 1) as the intubation was being performed (dynamic) and, 2) after intubation had been completed (static). Volunteer emergency medicine (EM) residents, blinded to tube placement, assessed for esophageal vs. tracheal ET placement using dynamic and static US views. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for detecting esophageal ET placement with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Seven EM residents made a total of 70 dynamic and 70 static assessments of ET position using transcricothyroid US. Dynamic assessment resulted in 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting esophageal ET placement. Static assessment resulted in only 51% sensitivity and 91% specificity. This pilot study suggests that dynamic transcricothyroid US is a potentially accurate method of confirming ET placement during the intubation process. Further investigation in live humans is warranted to validate these data.
Minimal Intervention Dentistry: Part 2. Strategies for Addressing Restorative Challenges in Older Patients

Minimal intervention dentistry (MID), a modern, evidence-based approach to caries management in dentate patients, uses a medical model whereby disease is controlled by the "oral physician" and an affiliated dental team. Geriatric MID helps clinicians to address the ever-increasing restorative challenges presented by older patients, including erosion, abrasion, demineralization, rampant coronal and root caries, retained roots, recurrent caries (necessitating crowns and other repairs), subgingival caries, "wet" oral environments, salivary dysfunction, disruptive behaviours, poor compliance with preventive care, high plaque levels, and financial and other restrictions on care options. The main components of a geriatric approach to MID are assessment of the risk of disease, with a focus on early detection and prevention; external and internal remineralization; use of a range of restorations, dental materials, and equipment; and surgical intervention only when required and only after disease has been controlled. This second in a series of 2 articles describes direct restorative strategies to address the challenges of geriatric caries management, including choice of material, placement of glass ionomers, sandwich technique, techniques for the management of erosion and abrasion, tunnel and slot preparations, techniques for "wet" subgingival environments, vital pulp therapy and geriatric atraumatic restorative technique.
Serial Concatenation with Simple Block Inner Codes

When designing communication systems based on serially concatenated codes and iterative decoding, it is common practice to use recursive convolutional codes as inner codes. In this paper we show that very good performance can also be obtained by using simple block codes as inner codes. In particular, we propose a simple extension of a single parity check encoder that produces large Hamming weight output sequences for weight one input sequences. We also present a soft decoding algorithm and use a uniform interleaver analysis and EXIT charts to design efficient schemes that perform well in both the waterfall and error floor regions of the bit error rate curve.
Adsorption and Reaction of TiCl4 on W(100)

The adsorption and reaction of titanium tetrachloride (TiC1 4 ) on W(100) was investigated using temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPRS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). TiC1 4 adsorbs molecularly on W(100) at 100 K. Desorption from the molecularly bound state occurs near 220 K. Competing with desorption is dissociation to adsorbed TiCl 3 , which reacts to form gaseous TiCl 4 near 450 K. TiC1 3 also decomposes into atomically adsorbed Ti and Cl on the surface upon heating to 700 K.
Diaphragmatic laceration after penetrating trauma: direct visualization and indirect findings on focused assessment with sonography for trauma in the emergency department.

upture of the diaphragm usually occurs from blunt or penetrating trauma to the abdomen or chest and is found in up to 5% of patients with trauma. 1,2 In the acute setting, the diagnosis is often missed because of nonspecific R clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms. 1-3 Problems often arise later in the clinical course because of the inability of the diaphragm to heal spontaneously and subsequent bowel or organ herniation through a persistent defect. 4 - 6 In addition to radiography and computed tomography (CT), focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) is another imaging modality now routinely used in many acute care trauma centers. 7-9 One of the staples of FAST is the detection of free pericardial or intra-abdominal fluid in the unstable patient. 7-9 More recently, an extension of the FAST examination to include evaluation for acute hemothorax and pneumothorax (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma [E-FAST]) has been proposed, which also comprises imaging of the diaphragm. 10 Several investigations showed high accuracy of bedside sonography for these common pulmonary injuries, but surprisingly there are only a few publications showing the utility of FAST or E-FAST for detecting diaphragmatic trauma. 11-17 We present a case of a diaphragmatic laceration from an abdominal stab wound diagnosed with E-FAST. The direct and indirect sonographic findings of this phrenic injury and potential utility of this technique in acute trauma imaging are discussed.
The Heterosexual Appeal of Socially Marginal Men

Surveyed women consistently specify preferences for egalitarian dates and/or mates. A common perception is that many of these same women often select consorts who are inscrutable, assertive, and controlling, ultimately bemoaning their choices. Dominance has been experimentally shown to provide initial attraction advantages. The Byronic Hero, a venerable literary model, embraces protagonists who possess extraordinary masculine traits that include dominance but also multiple personal flaws. Byronic Heroes, easily identified and plentiful in popular fiction, appear strongly to resonate with youthful audiences and provide alluring portrayals of heterosexual relations. In a classroom survey employing slide images of paired apparel models and a blind date scenario, collegiate women slightly but significantly preferred models independently judged to project Byronic traits over equally handsome men who appeared affable and conventional. Subject comments on Byronic models uniquely included allusions to sexual and ...
Optical properties of cyclic dimers of amino acids: An experimental and theoretical study

CD spectra have been measured in the vacuum-uv region to about 135 nm for cyclo(Lalanyl-glycine), cyclo(Lalanyl-L-alanine), and cyclo(L-prolyl-L-proline). In addition to the amide CD bands usually observed at wavelengths longer than 180 nm, a Independent systems calculations show that these intense short-wavelenght bands can be attributed to σσ* transitions of the backbone. Transitions of the amide chromophore expected at wavelenghts shorter than 180 nm cannot account for the observed CD.
Attachment Memories, Models and Information Processing

Working models of attachment are considered key mediators of responses to attachment-related events, but relatively little research examines their directive influence. In this study we investigated the dynamics of working models by means of a memory paradigm. Participants were tested for attachment orientation and several weeks later read an attachmentrelated story, performed an attachment-unrelated task, and took a cued-recall test about the story. They were additionally primed by the writing of supportive or rejecting friendship experiences either before reading the story or afterwards. Results provided evidence for two types of information processing effects, attachment-schematic information processing and attachment-related constraints on information processing capacity. Secure attachment was associated with better recall of positive story events when participants were primed by rejecting memories before the story. Fearful attachment was associated with better recall of negative story events, when par...
Control systems of the TFTR Tritium Purification System

The Tritium Purification System (TPS) extracts tritium from the mixed waste (gas) produced by TFTR. The TPS was designed, built, and tested in Canada by Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project (CFFTP) in Toronto, Canada and was subsequently installed at TFTR. The successful integration of the Tritium Purification System (TPS) at TFTR within the context of TFTR tritium operations required extensions to the original TPS computer control system. A description of the TPS control system architecture and the functions served by its components will be presented. An assessment of our experiences in operating and maintaining the control system's hardware and software during tritium operations will also be summarized.
Collaborative topic tracking in an enterprise environment

Business users in an enterprise need to keep track of relevant information available on the Web for strategic decisions like mergers and acquisitions. Traditionally this is done by the user performing standing queries or alert mechanisms based on topics. A much richer tracking can be done by providing a way for users to initiate and share topics in a single place. In this paper we present an alternative model and prototype for tracking topics of interest based on a continuous user collaboration.
Antigorite Peridotite, Metaserpentinite, and other Inclusions within Diatremes on the Colorado Plateau, SW USA: Implications for the Mantle Wedge during Low-angle Subduction

Antigorite peridotite, Cr-magnetite dunite, chlorite harzburgite, and other ultramafic rock fragments included in the Green Knobs diatreme in NW New Mexico are used to investigate the evolution of the mantle wedge during low-angle subduction. The diatreme, part of the NavajoVolcanic Field, has a matrix of serpentinized ultramafic microbreccia (SUM). The meta-peridotite inclusions have been characterized by petrographic, electron microprobe, and bulk-rock analysis. The assemblage antigorite^diopside^olivine formed and was stable in the mantle. In a Cr-magnetite dunite, olivine compositions span the range Fa9^3, and chlorite-rich pockets contain extraordinarily pure pyrope (Py94·4Alm5·5Gr0·1). The Cr-magnetite dunite is a product of prograde metamorphism of a brucite-bearing serpentinite. Second generations of olivine in that dunite and other samples formed during a sharp temperature increase caused by intrusion of the magma that triggered the eruption. Histories of lawsonite eclogite, garnetite, and other inclusions in SUM diatremes have been interpreted to provide context: some are from the lithospheric part of the mantle wedge, hydrated near the trench, tectonically eroded and
CPT, CP, and c Phases and their Effects in Majorana Particle Processes

In neutrinoless double-..beta.. decay, the contributions of two virtual Majorana neutrinos with opposite CP parity will interfere destructively. This makes it evident that the amplitudes for reactions involving Majorana particles contain significant new phase factors, reflecting the special discrete-symmetry properties of these particles. To study this phenomenon, we derive and examine the CPT, CP, and C properties of Majorana particles. We then apply these properties, especially to the study of neutrinoless double-..beta.. decay, and to the neutral weak and electromagnetic interactions of Majorana particles. We show how the new phase factors in the Feynman amplitudes for Majorana-particle processes arise, and see that their precise form and location within these amplitudes depends on one's choice of formalism.
Frameworks for Arab-Israeli negotiations—What difference do they make?

It is unfortunate that procedural controversies about the appropriate forum for negotiations often delay substantive talks on how to accommodate conflicting interests. But historical experience indicates that the participants believe the forum to be important. If and when a decision to renew negotiations is reached, the choice of the forum and the shaping of its structure will not be determined by its effectiveness as a vehicle for conflict resolution, but by the political calculus of bargaining power, and side effects, that such a forum would entail. International negotiations are aimed at conflict resolution. But they cannot be divorced from competitive power politics. The disputes about fora for negotiations are not about choosing an effective structure for making peace, but about seizing the high ground for the diplomatic battles ahead.
Muscle membrane repair and inflammatory attack in dysferlinopathy

Repair of plasma membrane tears is an important normal physiological process that enables the cells to survive a variety of physiological and pathological membrane lesions. Dysferlin was the first protein reported to play a crucial role in this repair process in muscle, and recently, several other proteins including Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), annexin and calpain were also found to participate. These findings have now established the framework of the membrane repair mechanism. Defective membrane repair in dysferlin-deficient muscle leads to the development of muscular dystrophy associated with remarkable muscle inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated a crosstalk between defective membrane repair and immunological attack, thus unveiling a new pathophysiological mechanism of dysferlinopathy. Here I summarize and discuss the latest progress in the molecular mechanisms of membrane repair and the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathy. Discussion about potential therapeutic applications of these findings is also provided.
SO-05CASE REPORT: A RARE CASE OF SPINAL GBM

OBJECTIVE: We describe a rare case of primary glioblastoma in the spinal cord and compare the clinical presentation to the few previously described in literature. BACKGROUD: While GBM is the most common primary CNS malignancy in adults, spinal GBM is a very rare condition. Primary intramedullary tumors are infrequent and account for 2-4% of all CNS tumor. Spinal GBM accounts for only1-5% of all glioblastomas. Moreover, spinal GBM has a predilection for the cervical or thoracic region in >60% of cases. Recognized for its poor prognosis, discussion about those cases, available treatments and outcomes are required to improve survival and ensure quality of life. We described a 49 -year-old male, previously healthy, who presented with severe lower back pain for 4 months, associated with paresthesia of the lower extremities. Contrast MRI of the spine revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass extending from T12-L2. Patient underwent a laminectomy with subtotal resection of intramedullary spinal cord. Histopathology revealed a WHO grade IV tumor. Patient was started on radiotherapy and temozolomide. RESULTS: Surgical pathology revealed WHO grade IV tumor. Patient finished his radiotherapy course and is currently undergoing chemotherapy treatment CONCLUSION: Intramedullary GBM is a very rare disease. Despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, all current measures lead to disappointing results, with survival prognosis around 15 months. MRI findings can be unspecific and final diagnosis is made on histologic basis. Excessive resection is difficult in intramedullary lesions, which contributes to the poor prognosis. In addition, leptomeningeal spread is expected in 25-60% of the cases. Most spinal GBM are reported at the cervical level although in the case of our patient, a thoracolumbar level delayed the diagnosis when initially treated as a lower back pain. Early diagnosis, constant discussions and research are required to improve outcome.
The ED as the primary source of hospital admission for older (but not younger) adults

Abstract Introduction The elderly population in the United States is growing. This age shift has important implications for emergency departments (EDs), which currently account for more than 50% of inpatient hospitalizations. Our objective was to compare the percentage of inpatient admissions starting in the ED between elderly and younger patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Source of admission to the hospital was evaluated for years 2003 to 2009. Total admissions from the ED and trends over time were analyzed for the following age groups: 22 to 64, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 + years old. Likelihood of having been admitted from the ED was evaluated with logistic regression. Results A total of 1.7 million survey visits representing 216 million adult hospitalizations were analyzed. A total of 93 million (43.2%) were among patients 65 years and older. The ED was the source of admission for 57.3% of patients 65 years and older and 44.4% of patients 64 years and younger (95% confidence interval difference, 12.97%-13.00%). By 2009, more than 75% of nonelective admissions for patients 85 years and older were through the ED. There was a linear relationship between age and the ED as the source of admission, the odds increasing by 2.9% per year (95% confidence interval, 1.029-1.029) for each year beyond age 65 years. Conclusion Emergency departments are increasingly used as the gateway for hospital admission for older adults. An aging US population may increase the effect of this trend, a prospect that should be planned for. From the patient perspective, barriers to care contributing to the age-based discrepancy in the use of the ED as source of admission should be investigated.
Considerations for the Design of a New Laboratory

The purpose of this article is to relate the process of designing a new Clinical Pathology Department laboratory at the National Institutes of Health and the assessment of the resultant open laboratory design based on the response of the laboratory staff to two questionnaires. The responses indicated acceptance and approval of the large open area, work area design, carpeted floor, and laboratory environment. It is the authors' hope that this information will be of help to other pathology departments who are involved in designing or remodeling a new or existing laboratory.
A Model of Legislation on Access to and Benefit-sharing of Genetic Resources: — Comments on 2002 Biodiversity Bill in India

India is one of countries which have richest biodiversity and related traditional knowledge related to genetic resources in the world. However, there are several biopiracy cases against India’s genetic resources and related traditional knowledge in recent years. Under such circumstance, India enacted the 2002 Biodiversity Bill to regulate strictly access to genetic resources and its benefit-sharing (ABS) in order to protect its national interests. In the field of ABS, China shares similar situations with India. Therefore, India’s 2002 Biodviersity Bill can provide several valuable experiences and lessons for China’s legislation on this issue.
Diagnostic Studies in Bladder Rupture: Indications and Techniques

SUMMARY After external trauma, the patient with bladder injury usually complains of lower abdominal pain and tenderness, and macroscopic or microscopic hematuria is usually present. Simultaneous bladder and posterior urethral rupture can occur in male patients, and the diagnosis of both ruptures is rarely made preoperatively. A delayed presentation with an acute abdomen, absence of voiding, and elevated blood urea nitrogen is sometimes seen in a patient injured during a prolonged alcoholic state or domestic beating, after which the patient is reluctant to seek medical attention, or with a physician misdiagnosis. In patients with pelvic fractures, the incidence of bladder rupture is 6 to 10 per cent. A retrograde cystogram with bladder filling of 400 ml of radiopaque dye followed by a washout film will diagnose intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal ruptures of the bladder. False-negative cystograms occur with penetrating injuries of the bladder when only 250 ml or less of contrast medium is used to fill the bladder.
Synthesis of Terephthalic Acid from Methane

Cycloaddition of propiolic acid with isoprene leads to 4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid in 67% yield. Subsequent reaction of this cycloadduct with O2 catalyzed by Co(OAc)2/Mn(OAc)2 affords terephthalic acid in a one-pot, cascade oxidation in 85% yield. Beyond establishing a concise synthesis of terephthalic acid, both propiolic acid and isoprene can be synthesized from methane. A route is thus formally established for synthesis of biobased terephthalic acid using renewable methane derived from biogas.
Consumer behavior in colonial charlestown, Massachusetts, 1630–1760

This paper examines consumer behavior of the Massachusetts Bay seaport of Charlestown from 1630 to 1760. Probate inventories and archaeological excavation of residential sites provide the data. The material lives of consumers were structured by shifting cultural values which included an emphasis on the family as primary social unit as well as a value placed on the emerging new role of the individual. Consumer strategies including patina, innovation, and emulation both reflected and influenced the direction of culture change.
Modeling and Analyzing User Behavior of Privacy Management on Online Social Network: Research in Progress

There are diversified threats to privacy in the area of online social network. Unlike traditional e-commerce situation, privacy on online social networks can be threatened by published communication open to untargeted audience and public disclosure of personally identifiable information. Moreover, users of online social network encounter greater threats to their privacy since management of privacy depends on both service vendors and users themselves. In order to better understand the mechanism of privacy on online social network, this paper explores a model of privacy related issues in regards to user behavior on online social networks, based on frequently used theories and research constructs.
A Fully Integrated Broadband Sub-mmWave Chip-to-Chip Interconnect

A new type of broadband link enabling extremely high-speed chip-to-chip communication is presented. The link is composed of fully integrated sub-mmWave on-chip traveling wave power couplers and a low-cost planar dielectric waveguide. This structure is based on a differentially driven half-mode substrate integrated waveguide supporting the first higher order hybrid microstrip mode. The cross-sectional width of the coupler structure is tapered in the direction of wave propagation to increase the coupling efficiency and maintain a large coupling bandwidth while minimizing its on-die size. A rectangular dielectric waveguide, constructed from Rogers Corporation R3006 material, is codesigned with the on-chip coupler structure to minimize coupling loss. The coupling structure achieves an average insertion loss of 4.8 dB from 220 to 270 GHz, with end-to-end link measurements presented. This system provides a packaging-friendly, cost effective, and high performance planar integration solution for ultrabroadband chip-to-chip communication utilizing millimeter waves.
Clearing the way to a healthy brain

Astrocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 is a key player in β-amyloid clearance.
Human Genetic Determinants of Viral Diseases.

Much progress has been made in the identification of specific human gene variants that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral diseases. Herein we review multiple discoveries made with genome-wide or candidate gene approaches that have revealed significant insights into virus–host interactions. Genetic factors that have been identified include genes encoding virus receptors, receptor-modifying enzymes, and a wide variety of innate and adaptive immunity-related proteins. We discuss a range of pathogenic viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T cell leukemia virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, herpes simplex virus, norovirus, rotavirus, parvovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Understanding the genetic underpinnings that affect infectious disease outcomes should allow tailored treatment and prevention approaches in the future.
Abstract 5689: Identify tissue-of-origin in cancer cfDNA by whole genome sequencing

Cell free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to be an emerging non-invasive biomarker to monitor tumor progression in cancer patients. Elevated cfDNA has been found not only from tumors, but also from normal tissues. Thus, the identification of cfDNA’s tissue-of-origin is critical to understand the mechanism of cfDNA release and tumor progression. Recent efforts to identify cfDNA’s tissue-of-origin begin to utilize cfDNA’s epigenomic status, such as DNA methylation and nucleosome spacing. However, both of these methods have limitations: (1) For nucleosome positioning, lack of reference nucleosome maps in different tumor and normal tissues has limited its application to tissue-of-origin deconvolution; (2) For DNA methylation, large DNA degradation during whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) library preparation, even with current low-input DNA technology, is still the major hurdle for its clinical application, although extensive DNA methylation studies by WGBS in tumor and normal tissues during the last decade have provided many reference maps. Very recently, a pioneer study showed significant differences between DNA fragment lengths of methylated and unmethylated cfDNA. Taking advantage of this experimental observation, we developed a machine learning approach to infer the base pair resolution DNA methylation level from fragment size information in whole genome sequencing (WGS). The predicted DNA methylation, from not only high coverage but also dozens of ultra-low-pass WGS (ULP-WGS), showed high concordance with the ground truth DNA methylation level from WGBS in the same cancer patients. Furthermore, by using hundreds of WGBS datasets from different tumor and normal tissues/cells as the reference map, we deconvoluted cfDNA’s tissue-of-origin status by inferred DNA methylation level at ULP-WGS from thousands of breast/prostate cancer samples and healthy individuals. The cfDNA’s tissue-of-origin status in cancer patients showed high concordance with confirmed metastasis tissues from physicians. Interestingly, some clinical information, such as cancer grades/stages, seemed to be correlated with cfDNA’s tissue-of-origin status. Overall, our methods here pave the road for cfDNA’s application in clinical diagnosis and monitoring. Citation Format: Yaping Liu, Sarah Reed, Atish D. Choudhury, Heather A. Parsons, Daniel G. Stover, Gavin Ha, Gregory Gydush, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Samuel Freeman, Viktor Adalsteinsson, Manolis Kellis. Identify tissue-of-origin in cancer cfDNA by whole genome sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5689