cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continental Margin off Norway: A Geophysical Study

Geophysical investigations consisting of gravity, magnetic, depth sounding, seismic reflection and refraction measurements were made aboard R/V Vema on the continental margin off Norway. Utilizing these and earlier data in the area, maps showing bathymetry, free-air gravity, magnetic residual total intensity, seismic refraction results, total sediment thickness and thickness of Cenozoic sediments have been constructed. The data are also presented as profiles across the margin. The Voring Plateau is underlain by a buried escarpment; the basement is shallow on the seaward side and deep on the landward side. A similar marginal escarpment, the Faroe–Shetland, exists farther south. These escarpments mark the site of the Tertiary opening of the Norwegian Sea. Seaward, Tertiary sediments overlie a basement generated by sea-floor spreading. Landward, a thick sequence of sediments that may be as old as Paleozoic overlies a continental basement. The magnetic quiet zone on the landward side of the escarpment is attributed to the continental nature of the basement. A nearly continuous belt of positive gravity and magnetic anomalies that exists just landward of the edge of the shelf is attributed primarily to intrabasement density contrasts in rocks that are probably Precambrian in age. It extends from northwest Scotland to the Lofoten–Vesteralen islands. The continental margin off Norway formed an epicontinental sea continuous with the North Sea in which a large amount of sedimentation kept pace with subsidence—a phenomenon which perhaps started in the late Paleozoic. The thickness of pre-Cenozoic sediments exceeds 6 km in some areas, but has a relative minimum over the belt of high density rocks of Precambrian age, which presumably underwent the least relative subsidence. We suggest that the opening of the Norwegian Sea at the marginal escarpments is associated with subsidence of the continental crust between the escarpments and the shelf where the high-density belt acts as a hinge line and accounts for the existence of the shelf break. The subsided area is characterized by a regional free-air gravity low. The marginal Voring Plateau Escarpment formed at the opening of the Norwegian Sea served to dam the Tertiary sediments and develop the V0ring Plateau. The Norwegian Channel is shown not to be of tectonic origin. The Tertiary basin of the North Sea continues northward under the continental margin off Norway.
Gain‐of‐function Mutations in Human Genetic Disorders

Gain-of-function (activating) mutations alter the amino acid sequence of gene protein products, generating proteins that have increased constitutive activity even in the absence of physiological activators or that are insensitive to negative regulation. Many of these mutations affect signaling molecules, leading to disorders resulting from constitutive activation of hormonal and other signaling pathways. Keywords: activating mutations; guanine nucleotide regulatory protein; hormone receptors; signal transduction; McCune–albright syndrome
Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chains of myosin affects Ca2+ sensitivity of skeletal muscle contraction.

The role of phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chains (RLC) is well established in smooth muscle contraction, but in striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle its role is still controversi...
On the Feasibility of Laddering

In this paper we investigate whether laddering is feasible as an equilibrium phenomenon. In initial public offerings (IPOs), laddering is described as the commitment to and the actual purchase of shares in the aftermarket in addition to what the purchasers would have purchased in the absence of laddering, where the motivation to purchase such additional shares is a pre-agreement (tie-in agreement) with the lead underwriter. Under such tie in agreements, the underwriter allocates more shares to the counter parties of the agreement (ladderers) in return for the commitment to purchase additional, possibly pre-specified, quantities of shares (in excess of what they otherwise would have purchased) so as to boost the price of the stock in after-market trading of the IPO. Our model features three distinct sets of traders: insiders who ladder, rational traders who are generally suspicious of price manipulation and willing to invest effort and resources to acquire information about fundamental values, and, finally, momentum traders whose beliefs are conditioned on past prices. We show that laddering is not a sustainable activity unless (1) Underwriters act as a cartel; (2) there is a ready supply of momentum traders and (3) a lack of short-sellers or other skeptics in the aftermarket. If there are traders that behave in a way consistent with rational expectations and remove price inflation, laddering cannot be a profitable strategy.
Epidural and Regional Anesthesia

Children undergoing surgical procedures benefit from many improvements in pain management that have occurred over the past few decades. These enhancements are the result of changes in the attitudes of physicians, nurses, hospital administrators, and patients and their families, coupled with increased pressure from external regulatory agencies ­mandating the adequate assessment and effective treatment of pain in children. It can no longer be debated that infants and children have the capacity to feel pain, or that the experience of pain by a child potentially results in negative short- and long-term consequences. In fact, the evidence continues to mount that inadequately treated pain in children can result in harmful physiological and behavioral consequences and delay ­recovery from surgical procedures as measured by time required to return to a regular diet, activity, and hospital discharge.
Postoperative Urinary Retention With Gross Vulvar Edema After Use of 4% Icodextrin.

ABSTRACT Background: 4% icodextrin is a fluid that can be instilled laparoscopically to prevent adhesion formation. There are few complications reported in the literature associated with its use. Case: A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, abortus 2 underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy. 4% icodextrin was instilled in an effort to prevent adhesion formation. Postoperatively, the patient experienced urinary retention and gross vulvar edema that required foley catheter use until the 4% icodextrin solution had absorbed. Conclusion: Postoperative complications that may be associated with the use of 4% icodextrin include urinary retention and vulvar edema.
Therapeutic correction of ApoER2 splicing in Alzheimer's disease mice using antisense oligonucleotides

Abstract Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 ( ApoER2 ) is an apolipoprotein E receptor involved in long‐term potentiation, learning, and memory. Given its role in cognition and its association with the Alzheimer9s disease (AD) risk gene, apoE, ApoER2 has been proposed to be involved in AD, though a role for the receptor in the disease is not clear. ApoER2 signaling requires amino acids encoded by alternatively spliced exon 19. Here, we report that the balance of ApoER2 exon 19 splicing is deregulated in postmortem brain tissue from AD patients and in a transgenic mouse model of AD. To test the role of deregulated ApoER2 splicing in AD, we designed an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that increases exon 19 splicing. Treatment of AD mice with a single dose of ASO corrected ApoER2 splicing for up to 6 months and improved synaptic function and learning and memory. These results reveal an association between ApoER2 isoform expression and AD, and provide preclinical evidence for the utility of ASOs as a therapeutic approach to mitigate Alzheimer9s disease symptoms by improving ApoER2 exon 19 splicing.
Fluorescence imaging in vivo: raster scanned point-source imaging provides more accurate quantification than broad beam geometries.

Two fluorescence imaging systems were compared for their ability to quantify mean fluorescence intensity from surface-weighted imaging of tissue. A broad beam CCD camera system was compared to a point sampling system that raster scans to create the image. The effects of absorption and scattering in the background tissue volume were shown to be similar in their effect upon the signal, but the effect of the three-dimensional shape of the tissue was shown to be a significant distortion upon the signal. Spherical phantoms with Intralipid and blood for absorber and scatterer were used with a fixed concentration of aluminum phthalocyanine fluorophore to illustrate that the mean intensity observed with the broad beam system increased with size, while the mean intensity observed with the raster scanned system was not as significantly affected. Similar results were observed in vivo with mice injected with the fluorophore and imaged multiple times to observe the pharmacokinetics of the drug. The fluorescence in the...
Addendum to “Strong Derivatives and Inverse Mappings”

(1976). Addendum to “Strong Derivatives and Inverse Mappings”. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 22-22.
All in the family: Work–family enrichment and crossover among farm couples.

This study expands upon the contextualization of the work-family interface by examining positive work-family experiences within the farming industry. Both individual and crossover effects were examined among a sample of 217 married farm couples. Results demonstrated multiple significant relationships between self-reported attitudes, work-family enrichment, and health outcomes. In addition, crossover effects reveal the importance of individual attitudes (husband work engagement and wife farm satisfaction) for spousal work-family enrichment and health outcomes. Furthermore, individual work-family enrichment was positively related to spousal psychological health and negatively related to spousal physical symptoms. Many of these findings remained significant after controlling for work-family conflict. Overall, our results suggest the potential beneficial impact of the integrated work-family dynamic associated with the farming profession for positive work-family experiences. Implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Leukocyte-endothelial interaction and capillary perfusion in ischemia/reperfusion of the rat cremaster muscle

The role of leukocytes in the decreased perfusion following ischemia in skeletal muscle was examined in the microcirculation of the rat cremaster muscle. The isolated muscle was viewed with an intravital microscope. Diameters of A1 and A2 arterioles and collecting venules were determined hourly. The number of leukocytes rolling along the venular walls was determined from a videotape. Nonischemic (control) rats (n = 10) were observed for 6 hours. The ischemic group (n = 10) was observed for one hour, the iliac and femoral arteries and veins were then clamped for 4 hours, released, and the muscle was observed for another two hours. No change in arteriole or venule diameters occurred in the control group. The diameters of the arterioles in the ischemic group decreased significantly during reperfusion but, the venule diameters did not. There was a significant reduction during reperfusion but, perfused capillaries following ischemia compared to control. There was a small but not significant increase in the number of rolling leukocytes in the ischemic group. The extent of leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules was found to not correlate with the decrease in capillary perfusion that occurs after ischemia and reperfusion. However, the decrease in capillary flow was associated with reduced arteriole diameters.
Evaluation of Children for Epilepsy Surgery

To assess the possibility of streamlining the decision process for epilepsy surgery in children with intractable epilepsy, the value of MRI, video EEG, and SPECT was investigated retrospectively in a study of 353 patients at the Lingfield Epilepsy Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, and Institute of Child Health, London, UK).
Acetylcholine-induced stimulation of catecholamine recovery in denervated rat adrenals after reserpine-induced depletion.

The present studies evaluate neurogenic factors affecting the rate of catecholamine recovery following depletion in the rat adrenal medulla. Rats with their left adrenal glands denervated received reserpine, 2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, daily for 3 consecutive days. The catecholamine contents of the denervated glands were lowered by 54%, and those of the intact glands, by 80%. Four days after the last injection of reserpine the intact glands had recovered their normal catecholamine content, but the denervated glands were still significantly depleted. Rats treated with reserpine and with repeated intravenous injections of acetylcholine 1 day after the last reserpine injection completely recovered their catecholamine levels 4 days after the last injection of reserpine, in both intact and denervated glands. The denervated glands showed no increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity after reserpine treatment, while the enzyme levels of the intact glands rose to 350% of controls. Treatment with acetylcholine increased the tyrosine hydroxylase activity in denervated glands to 180-265% of controls, and that of intact glands to 550-600% of control values. Dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was increased by 70% in denervated glands following reserpine treatment, while in the intact glands it increased by 160%. In contrast to its effect on tyrosine hydroxylase activity, acetylcholine had no effect on dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in denervated glands of animals examined 2 days after completion of reserpine treatment, and it caused only a 25% increase in the enzyme activity of animals 4 days after reserpine administration. The data show that the delay in recovery of catecholamine content observed after reserpine treatment in denervated rat adrenals can be overcome by exposing the gland to its normal secretagogue, acetylcholine.
SU-B-BRA-08: Panel Member

In the current rapidly changing Healthcare environment, many groups are competing for limited resources. How can medical physicists position themselves to be a relevant stakeholder in the discussion of how those resources are allocated Our value goes beyond what can be shown in a business plan and is heavily involved with safety and quality. Three areas will be explored: 1.What is our value? 2.Who needs to receive that message? 3.How do we communicate that message? To help frame the discussion in terms of how other stakeholders may view the value of medical physicists, a physician and an administrator will present their perspective. Lastly, a multidisciplinary panel will present real life examples of strategies that can be utilized today to establish the value of medical physicists. The presentation of these examples will lead into an interactive question and answer time. V. Willcut, I work for Elekta. There was no research associated with this talk.
Using WAIS-IV with WMS-IV

Publisher Summary The Wechsler memory scales were introduced in 1945, and have provided detailed assessments of clinically relevant aspects of memory functioning for over half a century. Versions of the scale are commonly used in individuals with suspected memory deficits or diagnosed with a wide range of neurological, psychiatric, and developmental disorders. The Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition (WMS-IV; Wechsler) is the most recent revision to the Wechsler memory scale. This chapter provides an overview of the development of the WMS-IV, the structure and content of the scale, and interpretive guidelines. In addition, an overview of using the WMS-IV along with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler) is provided with particular detail on the use of contrast scaled scores. Case studies illustrate the use of the two instruments in clinical assessment.
Medical Question Answering for Clinical Decision Support

The goal of modern Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems is to provide physicians with information relevant to their management of patient care. When faced with a medical case, a physician asks questions about the diagnosis, the tests, or treatments that should be administered. Recently, the TREC-CDS track has addressed this challenge by evaluating results of retrieving relevant scientific articles where the answers of medical questions in support of CDS can be found. Although retrieving relevant medical articles instead of identifying the answers was believed to be an easier task, state-of-the-art results are not yet sufficiently promising. In this paper, we present a novel framework for answering medical questions in the spirit of TREC-CDS by first discovering the answer and then selecting and ranking scientific articles that contain the answer. Answer discovery is the result of probabilistic inference which operates on a probabilistic knowledge graph, automatically generated by processing the medical language of large collections of electronic medical records (EMRs). The probabilistic inference of answers combines knowledge from medical practice (EMRs) with knowledge from medical research (scientific articles). It also takes into account the medical knowledge automatically discerned from the medical case description. We show that this novel form of medical question answering (Q/A) produces very promising results in (a) identifying accurately the answers and (b) it improves medical article ranking by 40\%.
Histiocytic sarcoma: secondary neoplasm or “transdifferentiation” in the setting of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia

![Figure][1] A 22-year-old woman diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was treated with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone therapy. She achieved complete remission and was maintained on 6-
Yeast help identify cytopathic factors of Zika virus

Accumulating evidence implicates Zika virus (ZIKV) in pathogenesis of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. However, it remains unclear which viral proteins are responsible for these effects and what are the underlying mechanisms of their pathogenic activity. A recent paper by Drs. Zhao and Gallo, and their colleagues at University of Maryland in Baltimore used fission yeast for genome-wide analysis of ZIKV proteins. They demonstrated cytopathogenic activity for seven ZIKV proteins, anaC, C, prM, M, E, NS2B and NS4A. This activity was shown to be dependent on oxidative stress, and for NS4A they demonstrated involvement of the TOR stress-response pathway. Taken together, the findings presented in this paper provide the basis for further mechanistic studies that potentially can identify therapeutic means to treat neuro and immune complications of ZIKV infection.
Propeller cavitation breakdown analysis

A Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes computational model of homogeneous multiphase flow is presented. Cavitation driven thrust and torque breakdown over a wide range of advance ratios is modeled for an open propeller. Computational results are presented as a form of validation against water tunnel measured thrust and torque breakdown for the propeller. Successful validation of the computational model is achieved. Additional observations are made with regards to cavity size and shape as well as cavitation breakdown behavior.© 2003 ASME
UAV lidar and hyperspectral fusion for forest monitoring in the southwestern USA

Abstract Forest vegetation classification and structure measurements are fundamental steps for planning, monitoring, and evaluating large-scale forest changes including restoration treatments. High spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing data are critically needed to classify vegetation and measure their 3-dimensional (3D) canopy structure at the level of individual species. Here we test high-resolution lidar, hyperspectral, and multispectral data collected from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and demonstrate a lidar-hyperspectral image fusion method in treated and control forests with varying tree density and canopy cover as well as in an ecotone environment to represent a gradient of vegetation and topography in northern Arizona, U.S.A. The fusion performs better (88% overall accuracy) than either data type alone, particularly for species with similar spectral signatures, but different canopy sizes. The lidar data provides estimates of individual tree height (R2 = 0.90; RMSE = 2.3 m) and crown diameter (R2 = 0.72; RMSE = 0.71 m) as well as total tree canopy cover (R2 = 0.87; RMSE = 9.5%) and tree density (R2 = 0.77; RMSE = 0.69 trees/cell) in 10 m cells across thin only, burn only, thin-and-burn, and control treatments, where tree cover and density ranged between 22 and 50% and 1–3.5 trees/cell, respectively. The lidar data also produces highly accurate digital elevation model (DEM) (R2 = 0.92; RMSE = 0.75 m). In comparison, 3D data derived from the multispectral data via structure-from-motion produced lower correlations with field-measured variables, especially in dense and structurally complex forests. The lidar, hyperspectral, and multispectral sensors, and the methods demonstrated here can be widely applied across a gradient of vegetation and topography for monitoring landscapes undergoing large-scale changes such as the forests in the southwestern U.S.A.
A Tandem Mirror Reactor With An Inherent Thermal Barrier

The Basic Tandem Mirror Configuration is evaluated as a reactor allowing for unequal plug and central-cell electron temperatures as means of simulating the effect of a “thermal barrier”. It is shown that the ratio of fusion power density to the power loss per unit volume in the plugs does increase when the temperatures are allowed to be unequal but simultaneously the central cell to plug volume ratio decreases sufficiently to result in a reduction in the Q-value of the system as compared to the case when the two temperatures are equal.
Modeling, design and implementation of a closed-loop combustion controller for an RCCI engine

Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) is a promising low temperature combustion strategy with high thermal efficiency and effective means to control combustion phasing and heat release rate. Being a dual-fuel stratified combustion process, RCCI requires precise control over the injection timing of direct injected fuel and in-cylinder mixture reactivity gradient. This paper focuses on developing a real-time, model-based controller for adjusting combustion phasing of an RCCI engine. Optimum combustion phasing is achieved by controlling mixture reactivity and injection timing of higher reactive fuel. A control-oriented model (COM) is developed using physics-based equations to predict combustion phasing during steady-state and transient operating conditions. The experimental validation results show that the COM is able to predict combustion phasing with less than 2 crank angle degrees (CAD). The COM is used to design a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to track the desired combustion phasing by adjusting dual-fuel mixing ratio and injection timing. The PI controller is experimentally implemented on an RCCI engine test bench. The experimental results show that the designed controller can follow the desired combustion phasing with an average tracking error of 2 CAD and rise time of three engine cycles.
Frequency of Gly-210 Deletion Mutation among Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations

The widespread occurrence of Palmer amaranth resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors and/or glyphosate led to the increased use of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. This research aimed to: (1) evaluate the efficacy of foliar-applied fomesafen to Palmer amaranth, (2) evaluate cross-resistance to foliar PPO inhibitors and efficacy of foliar herbicides with different mechanisms of action, (3) survey the occurrence of the PPO Gly-210 deletion mutation among PPO inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth, (4) identify other PPO target-site mutations in resistant individuals, and (5) determine the resistance level in resistant accessions with or without the PPO Gly-210 deletion. Seedlings were sprayed with fomesafen (263 g ai ha-1), dicamba (280 g ai ha-1), glyphosate (870 g ai ha-1), glufosinate (549 g ai ha-1), and trifloxysulfuron (7.84 g ai ha-1). Selected fomesafen-resistant accessions were sprayed with other foliar-applied PPO herbicides. Mortality and injury were evaluated 21 d after...
High School Students’ and Scientists’ Experiential Descriptions of Cogenerative Dialogs

Working with scientists has been suggested as an effective way for high school students to learn science more authentically. However, several challenges hinder partnerships between students and scientists, such as intimidation issues, the complexity of scientific language, and communication barriers. The purpose of this phenomenographic study was to introduce a pedagogical tool, cogenerative dialogs (cogens), to improve student–scientist partnerships and to investigate high school students’ experience of cogens with scientists. The analysis of high school students’ and scientists’ experiences of cogens in this study suggested four positive and two challenging experiences that shed light on the use of cogens by two distinctly different groups of stakeholders. This study demonstrates positive evidence that cogens can help students build a stronger bond with scientists to enhance their science learning. Suggestions to improve cogen practices between students and scientists are provided.
Measures of morally injurious experiences: A quantitative comparison

Abstract A recent body of literature has examined the psychological effects of perpetrating or failing to prevent acts that violate one's sense of right and wrong. The objective of this study was to examine and compare correlations between the two most widely used instruments measuring this construct in a sample of military veterans and relevant psychosocial variables. Individuals (N = 182) who reported military combat experience completed the Moral Injury Events Scale and the Moral Injury Questionnaire-Military Version, along with measures of combat exposure, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol concerns, anger, guilt, and shame. Results indicate similar correlations between the morally injurious experiences instruments and negative psychosocial variables, but different correlations with combat exposure. Implications for further research in the conceptualization and treatment of morally injurious experiences are discussed.
Coking and activity of a reforming catalyst in near-critical and dense supercritical reaction mixtures

The Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyzed isomerization of 1-hexene (Pc = 31.7 bar, Tc = 231°C) was investigated in a low volume tubular reactor at 1.1 Tc and at several pressures (0.7–11 Pc) that yielded reaction mixture densities ranging from gas-like to liquid-like values. At a space velocity of 135 g hexene/g cat/h, eight hour isomerization rates are roughly twofold higher and deactivation rates are threefold lower in near-critical (ρr = 0.85) when compared to subcritical (ρr = 0.42) reaction mixtures. The 2-hexenes÷3-hexenes selectivity ratio follows the 1-hexene isomerization rate trend. Coke laydown is more than twofold lower at near-critical relative to subcritical conditions. The in situ extraction of the coke compounds by near-critical and supercritical reaction mixtures prevents pore plugging that otherwise occurs at subcritical conditions during the eight hour runs. Although coke laydown decreases further at supercritical conditions, the isomerization rates are lower and deactivation rates are higher due to pore diffusion limitations in liquid-like reaction mixtures. It is therefore concluded that near-critical reaction mixtures provide an optimum combination of solvent and transport properties for maximizing the isomerization rates and for minimizing Catalyst Deactivation rates.
Details of the mappings between the CIS/2 and IFC product data models for structural steel

A mapping between the CIMsteel Integration Standards (CIS/2) and the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) product data models for structural steel has been developed. The development of the mapping takes a pragmatic approach through a manual inspection of both schemas to see which entities and attributes correspond to each other. In some cases there is a direct one-to-one mapping between CIS/2 and IFC entities and concepts, while in other cases there is a one-to-many or one-to-none mapping. The mapping has been implemented as a translator from CIS/2 to IFC files. Many examples are shown of partial CIS/2 files and the corresponding mapped IFC entities generated by the translator. The mapping examples and IFC test files generated by the translator have identified several deficiencies in the IFC schema for modeling structural steel and for general structural analysis models. Please see http://www.itcon.org/2009/02 for the extensive appendixes to this paper.
The Role of Government Spending on Deforestation and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Land Use Change

There has been a shift in fiscal policies in developing countries with good quality institutions. Government spending is less likely to be procyclical and instead countercyclical where spending rises during times of recession and falls during times of expansion to reduce the effects of the business cycle. We show using a theoretical model that moving towards a countercyclical spending pattern yields an unintended consequence: during times of recession there is an increase in deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions from land use change. We empirically test the results from our theoretical model and find that an increase in total government spending significantly increases forest land clearing for agricultural production in the short run leading to more carbon dioxide emissions. In the long run, there is a lower steady-state forest biomass and carbon dioxide emissions are significantly higher than in the short run.
Evaluating ontology cleaning

Ontology as a discipline of Computer Science has made many claims about its usefulness, however to date there has been very little evaluation of those claims. We present the results of an experiment using a hybrid search system with a significant knowledge-based component to measure, using precision and recall, the impact of improving the quality of an ontology on overall performance. We demonstrate that improving the ontology using OntoClean (Guarino and Welty, 2002)., does positively impact performance, and that having knowledge of the search domain is more effective than domain-knowledge-free search techniques such as link analysis.
The Lure of Seductive Details during Lecture Learning.

Research demonstrates that seductive details negatively impact learning from instructional materials such as textbooks and learning modules. Yet, anecdotally, teachers and students consider seductive details an enhancement to classroom lectures. We examined this apparent disconnect by exploring the impact of seductive details in mathematics lecture learning as a function of prior knowledge across 2 affective contexts: low-stakes learning and high-stakes learning. Undergraduate students viewed a video lecture on matrix algebra with or without seductive details either in a low-stakes or high-stakes learning environment. The high stakes were designed to mimic common classroom accountability for learning and were removed prior to the final test. On the final test, seductive details were generally detrimental in the low-stakes, but not high-stakes, learning environment. However, this effect was moderated by students’ prior knowledge. Students with higher prior knowledge were not impacted by seductive details in either high- or low-stakes learning environments. In contrast, students with lower prior knowledge—those most in need of pedagogical assistance—learned more when seductive details were included in a high-stakes lecture environment. These results suggest that seductive details may not be as detrimental as previously concluded, and may even be beneficial in an incentivized learning environment for students who have the most to learn. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Property impact of common linker segments in sequence-controlled polyesters

Heterogeneous “linkers” are incorporated into polymers for a number of reasons, most commonly to facilitate the coupling of the targeted backbone segments. Due to their inclusion in the backbone, these linkers have the potential to affect the overall properties of the copolymer, even when present in relatively low weight percentages. To characterize the degree of impact of some common linkers, a set of polymers that incorporate both degradable sequenced segments and linkers were synthesized and systematically examined. Seven sequence-controlled olefin containing ester macrocycles were prepared, each with a unique central moiety, including a five-carbon alkyl chain, diethylene glycol, a urea, a thioether, a triazole, a bioaromatic, and an extension of the ester sequence. The macrocycles were polymerized via ED-ROMP to yield seven polymers that vary only in the the linker segment. The properties of all polymers were compared to determine the relative dominance of the different linker types. The properties tested in the study included thermal behavior, mechanical characteristics, hydrolytic degradation and film qualities. The thermal and mechanical properties proved to be dependent primarily on the ability of the linker to promote interchain interactions, as well as the weight fraction of the linker, whereas the hydrolytic degradation was dominated by the relative hydrophobicity of the linker groups. In all cases, the linker identity was a significant contributer to the behavior.
Biobanks as Knowledge Institutions

This chapter describes biobanks as institutions for collection, preservation, curation, and production of knowledge and information, in both material and immaterial forms. That characterization calls for research and comparative analysis of the broad diversity of specific biobanks, using a standardized research framework. Such a framework is identified and described here, as the knowledge commons framework. The chapter describes applications of the framework to biobanks to date and suggests directions for future research.
Sustainability backfire: The unintended consequences of failing to engage neighborhood residents in policymaking

Urban planners, community activists, and public archeologists, among others, recognize the importance of engaging residents and their knowledge in developing policies and programs. However, sustain...
Neuro-inspired computing with emerging memories: where device physics meets learning algorithms

Modern cognitive computing workloads require computing systems tailored to the applications, where the underlying hardware fabrics should naturally match the characteristics of learning algorithms and compute kernels. With emerging memory technologies (e.g., resistive RAM (RRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM)), we design neuro-inspired computing systems that exploit technology characteristics such as rich device physics, circuit architecture, and integration capabilities with CMOS and beyond-CMOS technologies. Our methodology is built upon a combination of experimental characterization, cross-stack modeling, and system integration, illustrated by case studies for neural networks and highdimensional (HD) computing. Finally, we discuss the prospects of heterogeneous learning machines that emphasize the integration of compute kernels and learning algorithms, as well as the integration of emerging nanotechnologies.
Validating diverse human body models against side impact tests with post-mortem human subjects

Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the ability of morphed finite element (FE) human body models (HBMs) to reproduce the impact responses of post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) with various stature and shape. Ten side impact tests previously performed using seven PMHS under 3 m/s and 8 m/s impact velocities were selected for model evaluation. With weight, stature, sex, and age of PMHS, seven FE HBMs were developed by morphing the midsize male THUMS model into the target geometries predicted by the statistical skeleton and external body shape models. The model-predicted force histories, accelerations along the spine, and deflections in the chest and abdomen were compared to the test data. For comparison, simulations in all testing conditions were also conducted with the original midsize male THUMS, and the results from the THUMS simulations were scaled to the weight and stature from each PMHS. The CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) was used to evaluate the model accuracy, with CORA scores close to one indicating excellent agreement. Ten simulations using the morphed models exhibited 0.80 ± 0.01, 0.80 ± 0.01, 0.78 ± 0.02, and 0.78 ± 0.02 CORA scores for the impact forces to the thorax, abdomen, iliac-wings, and greater-trochanter, respectively; the corresponding CORA scores with the original THUMS were markedly lower at 0.60 ± 0.06, 0.69 ± 0.05, 0.71 ± 0.05, and 0.69 ± 0.04; while those for the scaled THUMS were 0.65 ± 0.05, 0.71 ± 0.05, 0.73 ± 0.05, and 0.72 ± 0.02, also lower than the morphed models. Across all simulations, the morphed HBMs demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than the THUMS with or without scaling. These results suggested the necessity of accounting for size and shape effects on predicting human responses in side impacts.
School Choice Under Imperfect Information

As in many school districts around the world, prospective high-school students in Ghana are assigned to schools through a centralized system. Using administrative data on applications, we report that virtually all students adopt a weakly dominated strategy, and matching outcomes show that approximately 15% of students end up unassigned, while almost half of schools have at least 1 vacancy. In order to rationalize choices in this setting, we build and estimate a model, where students engage in a costly search process to acquire information over school characteristics. The key insight of the model is that schooling decisions are exerted without the full examination of all available options, which may lead to sub-optimal choices. Our empirical application documents a substantial welfare loss: distance traveled to schools could be divided by 4. Counterfactual simulations show that if a planner were to restrict choices and assign the highest test score student to the most selective school, welfare would increase by 72%. We propose a mechanism design reform, and show that collecting preferences over a limited number of school attributes would recover most of the lost welfare.
Design, Development, and Performance Comparison of Wide Field Lensless and Lens-Based Optical Systems for Point-of-Care Biological Applications.

Abstract Lensless biological imaging systems are an emerging alternative to conventional microscopic systems because they enable a wide field of view imaging. While most microscopic systems sacrifice the field of view for magnification, lensless systems have taken advantage of small imaging pixel size, projection, digital magnification, and post-processing to compensate for diffracted images. A new lens-based system is designed to have the exact same wide field of view as that of a basic lensless setup. A new compound lens system design is utilized to achieve an explicit aim to have the same fields of view as the lensless setup. Then the characteristics of these two optical imaging setups (lensless and lens-based setups) are compared at this level of complexity to see what the minimal systems principles are needed to achieve the biological imaging goals for simplified and less expensive future designs. For both imaging systems, images of biological entities are recorded with the help of the same CMOS imaging device and computer software. The main contribution of this work is an exhaustive comparison between the performance characteristics of both systems using optical standards and biological images.
Reframing facemasks as tools to balance individualism and social responsibility

Facemasks become a significant metaphor to reflect individual values and social responsibilities. As an Asian immigrant woman with disabilities, the author shares her personal disruptions, distract...
Ridesharing and Fleet Sizing For On-Demand Multimodal Transit Systems.

This paper considers the design of On-Demand Multimodal Transit Systems (ODMTS) that combine fixed bus/rail routes between transit hubs with on-demand shuttles to serve the first/last miles to/from the hubs. The design problem aims at finding a network design for the fixed routes to allow a set of riders to travel from their origins to their destinations, while minimizing the sum of the travel costs, the bus operating costs, and rider travel times. The paper addresses two gaps in existing tools for designing ODMTS. First, it generalizes prior work by including ridesharing in the shuttle rides. Second, it proposes novel fleet-sizing algorithms for determining the number of shuttles needed to meet the performance metrics of the ODMTS design. Both contributions are based on Mixed-Integer Programs (MIP). For the ODMTS design, the MIP reasons about pickup and dropoff routes in order to capture ridesharing, grouping riders who travel to/from the same hub. The fleet-sizing optimization is modeled as a minimum flow problem with covering constraints. The natural formulation leads to a dense graph and computational issues, and is refined in an optimized model working on a sparse graph. The methodological contributions are evaluated on a real case study: the public transit system of the broader Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti region in Michigan. The results demonstrate the substantial potential of ridesharing for ODMTS, as costs are reduced by about 26% with minimal increase in transit times. Compared to the existing system, the designed ODMTS also cuts down costs by 35% and reduces transit times by 38%.
Revisiting the epistemic gap: It’s not the thought that counts

This paper revisits the longstanding observation that children produce modal verbs (e.g., must, could) with their root meanings (e.g., abilities, obligations) by age 2, typically a year or more ear...
Application of Provisions of the Rome Statute in Resolutions of Domestic Law

This chapter analyzes cases in which provisions of the Rome Statute have been directly applied for the right to information and for the prosecution of crimes committed during the so-called “dirty war”. The several laws on the right to freedom of information provide for an exception for the classification of information regarding crimes against humanity. As the Mexican legal order has not yet incorporated this crime, the Supreme Court has resorted directly to Article 7 of the RS in order to declassify criminal prosecutions. The latter brings inconsistencies, as under criminal law an act can be framed as an ordinary crime and, at the same time, a crime against humanity according to the law on information. This chapter will show that these inconsistencies are not only present in practice but also within the normative framework. Finally, the case related to the “dirty war” exemplifies well how the principles and concepts of ICL have permeated into the arguments of defense lawyers as well as prosecutors.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Cell–Cell Interactions in Drosophila Ovary

The Drosophila ovary is an exceptional model for studying cell-cell interactions in vivo. Cells communicate with each other in a highly coordinated manner. Accurate spatiotemporal regulation of cell-cell interaction is critical for the development of eggs. Ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy (EM) permits the visualization of both cells and subcellular signaling structures with high resolution. Here we describe a method for the processing of intact fly ovaries by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Pricing in Prosumer Aggregations using Reinforcement Learning

Prosumers with generation and storage capabilities can supply energy back to the grid, or trade their surplus with other prosumers for their mutual benefit. A prosumer aggregation that facilitates such trades will price the energy being traded to achieve an objective such as profit maximization, social welfare, or market equilibrium. We propose the use of reinforcement learning to design a transactive controller to price energy in a prosumer aggregation. This has an advantage over other decentralized pricing mechanisms as it does not rely on iterative price settlement or load estimation by prosumers, and estimates the price in a day ahead manner. We present numerical case studies to evaluate our controller, and discuss extensions to implement this in real prosumer aggregations.
Toxic Effects of Methamphetamine on Perivascular Health: Co-morbid Effects of Stress and Alcohol Use Disorders.

Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse presents a worldwide problem and commonly occurs with stress and/or alcohol use disorders. Regardless, the biological causes and consequences of these co-morbidities are unclear. Whereas the mechanisms of Meth, stress and alcohol abuse have been examined individually and well-characterized, these processes overlap significantly and can impact the neural and peripheral consequences of Meth. This review focuses on the deleterious cardio- and cerebrovascular effects of Meth, stress, alcohol abuse and their comorbid effects on the brain and periphery. Points of emphasis are on the composition of the blood brain barrier and their effects on the heart and vasculature. The autonomic nervous system, inflammation, and oxidative stress are specifically highlighted as common mediators of the toxic consequences to vascular and perivascular health. Given that a significant portion of the Meth abusing population also presents with stress and alcohol use disorders prompts a need to understand the mechanisms underlying their comorbidities. Little is known about their possible convergent effects and therefore, the purpose of this critical review is to identify shared mechanisms of Meth, chronic stress and alcohol abuse that contribute to the dysfunction of vascular health and underscore the need for studies that directly address their interactions.
Can't See the Forest for the Fees: An Examination of Recreation Fee and Concession Policies on the National Forests

The United States Forest Service is governed by a strict legal framework determining when and how it can charge recreation fees. Current law precludes the Forest Service from charging entrance or parking fees. A system of recreation passes provides public access to all federal lands. Yet, when traveling to thousands of national forest campgrounds and trailheads, visitors must pay an entrance and parking fee, even if they have a federal recreation pass. Delegating authority from the agency to concessionaires—third party land managers—creates a situation in which federal passes do not grant access to the lands they cover. The rise of concessionaires led to concerns over recreation fees touching issues integral to public lands themselves. Additionally, the Forest Service itself circumvents statutes requiring the presence of certain amenities in order to charge recreation fees. These workarounds are the subject of recent and ongoing legal challenges. These activities frustrate the public’s trust in land management agencies and leads to instability and confusion for recreational visitors. The legal framework should be modified to create a level playing field for recreation fees, and the concession system itself should be reexamined with an eye towards removing profitmotivated third parties from public land operation.
Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper: A Sweet-Sour Memoir of Eating in China by Fuchsia Dunlop/Gumbo Tales: Finding My Place at the New Orleans Table by Sara Roahen

(2009). Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper: A Sweet-Sour Memoir of Eating in China by Fuchsia Dunlop/Gumbo Tales: Finding My Place at the New Orleans Table by Sara Roahen. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 111-114.