cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Helicopter Parenting on Academic Motivation

There is a growing concern that overinvolved, helicopter parenting may have negative consequences for college students’ well-being and academic achievement. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of helicopter parenting on constructs related to academic achievement and success such as motivation for learning, perfectionism, and entitlement. Survey data are presented from 192 college students and their mothers (N = 121). Children’s report of maternal helicopter parenting was related to extrinsic motivation to learn, perfectionistic discrepancy, and avoidance goals for learning, which have been associated with lower academic performance in prior research. Mother’s report of helicopter parenting was related to children’s sense of entitlement. This study suggests that helicopter parenting is related to maladaptive academic motivations that may have negative implications for academic achievement.
A heat transfer model for condensation accounting for non-equilibrium effects

Abstract A heat transfer model is proposed in this paper for condensation of annular and stratified flow in horizontal smooth round tubes accounting for the non-equilibrium effects. The model is based on a non-equilibrium flow regime map and void fraction correlation that is developed from diabatic flow visualization and film thickness measurement. The model unifies single-phase and two-phase heat transfer models into one continuous function throughout the superheated, condensing-superheated, two-phase, condensing-subcooled and subcooled regions with seamless transition in between. Film heat transfer coefficient based on the interfacial temperature of the flow is used as a tool for the modeling in the presence of two-phase flow, which is later converted back to heat transfer coefficient based on the bulk temperature of the flow. The two-phase flow model is developed for the annular and stratified flow. The effects of interfacial waviness, liquid entrainment, wall subcooling, gravity, tube diameter as well as non-equilibrium are discussed in separated sections. Data obtained from different refrigerants and working conditions are used for the validation of the model.
Human gesture recognition for optical manipulation and its future nanobiophotonics applications

The optical trapping community has been some of the earliest adopters of new computer interface technologies. In this guide to interfaces for light-driven nanorobotics, we delve into the science of making such interfaces work. We start by reviewing the basic principles of optical trapping before explaining the basics of creating robust and practical user interfaces for light-driven systems. Finally, we review the various different approaches for creating outstanding and interface technology for nanorobotics.
Low Voltage PFC Measurements and Potential Alternative to Reduce Them at Alcoa Smelters

Perfluorocarbon (PFC) gases evolve from aluminum electrolysis pots almost continuously. They are not only emitted during anode effects (above 8 V) but also during pot instability periods where pot voltage is below 8 V. The so called “low voltage anode effects” (LVAE) can be emitted during anode changes, pot feeding underfeed cycles or pot tapping periods [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Procedures are shown how to measure and reduce LVAE. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) method is reviewed to measure the very low emissions as well as together with gas bags used to measure total PFC emissions. Thus, equipment selection, measurements parameters and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) controls should be reinforced to comply with possible regulation change to measure total emissions. Results from feeding optimizations will be shown from three smelters with reduction on LV-PFC emissions.
Smart Distributed Generation Systems Using Artificial Neural Network-Based Event Classification

Distributed generation (DG) sources have become an integral part of today’s decentralized power systems. However, current DG systems are mostly passive and do not provide intelligent information to help detect power quality issues. In this paper, a novel and intelligent event classification scheme is proposed to provide the DG systems with real-time decision making capabilities. The proposed technique has the ability to provide information to help maintain the quality and reliability of the DG systems under various disturbances or operating conditions. This event classification technique was developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) with a pre-defined set of local input parameters. The algorithm is implemented using four parallel ANNs that were designed to operate under a majority vote fusion algorithm representing the final classification output. A total of 310 event cases were generated to test the performance of the proposed technique. Simulation results showed that events were accurately classified within 10 cycles of their occurrences while achieving a 96.21% average classification accuracy.
Shame and a Theory of war and violence

Abstract It is possible that war in modern societies is largely driven by emotions, but in a manner that is almost completely hidden. Modernity rationalizes the self and tends to ignore emotions, which can result in the total hiding of humiliation leads to vengeance. This essay outlines a theory of the social-emotional world implied in the work of C. H. Cooley, whose concept of the “looking-glass self” can be used as antidote to the assumptions of modernity: the self is based on “living in the mind” of others, resulting in feeling either pride or shame. This essay proposes that the complete hiding of shame can lead to feedback loops with no natural limit. These ideas may help explain the role of France in causing WWI, and Hitler's rise to power in Germany.
Protection of Environmentally Stressed Human Cells in Culture with the Free Radical Scavenger, dl-α-Tocopherol

Like others, we are interested in the extent to which the lifespan of normal human (WI-38) cells in culture (Hayflick, 1965) is a genetically-determined or environmentally-limited phenomenon. Our approach to this problem stems from our long standing interest in the area of biological oxidation and bioenergetics, and the work of Tappel’s laboratory (Tappel, 1962, 1973) which led us to consider that the free-radical mediated damage (Harman, 1956) might be amenable for investigation in human cells in culture using free-radical scavengers. In particular, that free-radical damage to membranes containing biological oxidation catalysts (Packer et al., 1967) or environmentally-induced free-radicals might be important in limiting the lifespan of WI-38 cells.
Abstract 3893: Quantitative contribution of rs75017182 to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA splicing and enzyme activity

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has remained a widely prescribed anti-cancer drug for decades. However, 5-FU–based treatments show inter-individual variability, with up to 34% of 5-FU–treated patients developing severe (grade 3+) adverse toxicity. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene) is the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-FU catabolism and converts 80–85% of 5-FU into its inactive metabolites. Three deleterious genetic variations in DPYD are well-established predictors of severe 5-FU toxicity (i.e., *2A, p. I560S, and p. D949V); however, these variants only explain 30–35% of adverse cases. Recently, an intronic variant (rs75017182) has been suggested to contribute to 5-FU–related toxicity by promoting the alternative splicing of DPYD. However, clinical studies are conflicting as to the degree to which rs75017182 affects DPD enzyme function, and the true contribution of the rs75017182 variant towards DPD function and 5-FU toxicity remains unclear and inconclusive. In the present study, we directly examined the effect of the intronic SNP rs75017182 on DPYD mRNA splicing, DPYD expression, and DPD enzyme function. We genotyped 3950 healthy Caucasian volunteers from the Mayo Clinic Biobank to identify the rs75017182, *2A, p.I560S, and p.D949V variants. From the initial cohort, 204 volunteers who were rs75017182 heterozygous carriers were recruited as our study population. Alternative splicing and DPD activity in rs75017182 carriers were measured. The findings were confirmed using a novel mini-gene reporter system in vitro. A moderate, but significant, reduction (30%) was detected in canonically spliced DPYD expression in rs75017182 carriers compared to non-carriers. A correlative reduction (35%) in DPD enzyme activity was observed in those carriers, which was similar to that of D949V carriers (31%). The results demonstrated an association of this deep intronic variant with decreased DPD activity and suggested that rs75017182 may be a predictor of 5-FU toxicity similar to D949V. Citation Format: Qian Nie, Shikshya Shrestha, Erin E. Tapper, Colbren S. Trogstad-Isaacson, Kelly J. Bouchonville, Steven M. Offer, Robert B. Diasio. Quantitative contribution of rs75017182 to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA splicing and enzyme activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3893.
Techniques for Extracting and Modeling Geometric Features from Point Cloud Data Sets with Application to Urban Terrain Modeling

Some new methods for extracting geometric features in point clouds are described. In addition new methods for including these geometric entities into implicit mathematical models are also discussed. Applications of these new techniques to the modeling of urban terrain data are illustrated.
Analyzing the effect of fog weather conditions on driver lane-keeping performance using the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study data.

Abstract Introduction: Driving in foggy weather conditions has been recognized as a major safety concern for many years. Driver behavior and performance can be negatively affected by foggy weather conditions due to the low visibility in fog. A number of previous studies focused on driver performance and behavior in simulated environments. However, very few studies have examined the impact of foggy weather conditions on specific driver behavior in naturalistic settings. Method: This study utilized the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) dataset to evaluate driver lane-keeping behavior in clear and foggy weather conditions. Preliminary descriptive analysis was conducted and a lane-keeping model was developed using the ordered logistic regression approach to achieve the study goals. Results: This study found that individual variables such as visibility, traffic conditions, lane change, driver marital status, and geometric characteristics, as well as some interaction terms (i.e., weather and gender, surface condition and driving experience, speed limit and mileage last year) significantly affect lane-keeping ability. An important finding of this study illustrated that affected visibility caused by foggy weather conditions decreases lane-keeping ability significantly. More specifically, drivers in affected visibility conditions showed 1.37 times higher Standard Deviation of Lane Position (SDLP) in comparison with drivers who were driving in unaffected visibility conditions. Conclusions: These results provide a better understanding of driver lane-keeping behavior and driver perception of foggy weather conditions. Moreover, the results might be used to improve Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems algorithm by allowing them to account for the effects of fog on visibility. Practical Applications: These results provide a better understanding of driver lane-keeping behavior and driver perception of foggy weather conditions. Moreover, the results might be used to improve Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems algorithm by allowing them to account for the effects of fog on visibility.
Changes in Bread Quality, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Acid Composition of Wheats During Early‐Stage Germination

This study reported changes in baking properties, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and phenolic acid composition of three hard red winter wheat varieties during the early stage of seed germination. The wheats were sprouted at 30 °C and 95% relative humidity to achieve different germination levels based on falling number ranges (550 s for control flour; 350 s [low], 250 s [medium], and 120 s [high] for sprouted flours, respectively). Average germination times were 7, 8, and 10 hr for the low, medium, and high germinated samples, respectively. Most baking properties of sprouted whole flour were comparable to the control flour. However, TPC, flavonoid content, phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity of sprouted flour were lower than the control flour. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reported both baking properties and antioxidant potential of sprouted whole wheat flour from early-stage germination. The study deepens the understanding of seed germination and the potential use of sprouted flour in baking industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study evaluates the baking quality and nutraceutical value of sprouted whole wheat flour, which are key factors determining the application of sprouted flour in the baking industry. The results will contribute to the production of quality bakery products with enhanced nutraceutical benefits.
Skilled nursing facility (SNF) utilization and impact of SNF star-quality ratings on outcomes following hepatectomy among Medicare beneficiaries.

Abstract Background An increasing number of patients require admission to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) following surgery. However, the impact of SNF quality on post-operative outcomes is unknown. Methods The Medicare Standard Analytic Files and Nursing Home Compare Dataset were used to define SNF utilization and determine the influence of SNF star quality ratings on outcomes following hepatectomy. Results Among 7256 Medicare beneficiaries, 918 (12.7%) required. Compared to patients discharged home, individuals discharged to SNF were older (median age: 75 [IQR 71–80] vs. 71 [IQR 68–76] years), and had a higher incidence of complications such as pulmonary failure, pneumonia, and acute renal failure during index hospitalization (all p 0.05). On multivariable analysis, Charlson comorbidity score ≥3 was the factor most strongly associated with 30-day readmission (OR 1.32–15.29, p = 0.016). Conclusion While post-discharge outcomes were similar across SNF quality ratings, roughly one in three Medicare patients discharged to a SNF were readmitted within 30-days.
Competency Based Curriculum: A National Survey of Teachers*:

Presents selected findings of a national survey of teachers of the visually handicapped to measure their attitudes toward competencies in seven areas of teaching activity: Assessment and Evaluation...
1865 and the Incomplete Caribbean Emancipation Project: Class Migration in Barbados in the Long Nineteenth century:

The year 1865 has served a temporal marker of freedom in both the USA and the Caribbean. For African Americans who sought various means to escape the travails of an American slave society, 1865 sym...
Laminar Natural Convection From Isothermal Vertical Cylinders: A Revisit to a Classical Subject

Laminar natural convection heat transfer from the vertical surface of a cylinder is a classical subject, which has been studied extensively. Furthermore, this subject has generated some recent interest in the literature. In the present investigation, numerical experiments were performed to determine average Nusselt numbers for isothermal vertical cylinders (103 < RaL < 109 , 0.5 < L/D <10, and Pr = 0.7) situated on an adiabatic surface in a quiescent ambient environment which will allow for plume growth. Results will be compared with commonly used correlations and a new average Nusselt number correlation will be presented. Furthermore, the limit for which the heat transfer results for a vertical flat plate may be used as an approximation for the heat transfer from a vertical cylinder will be investigated.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Synthesis and magnetic characterization of a dinuclear complex of low-coordinate iron(II).

Abstract Low-coordinate ions possess exciting magnetic, optical, and reactive properties that may afford novel material physics. Hence, it is important to test both synthetic methods for realizing extended solids of such ions as well as the properties of smaller molecular fragments of envisioned future materials. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new dinuclear Fe species, [{(Me3Si2)2N}Fe{μ-p-{HN(SiMe3)}(C6Me4){N(SiMe3)}}2Fe{N(SiMe3)2}] (1), formed through a transamination reaction between [Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 and the bulky diamine p-{HN(SiMe3)}2(C6Me4) (L). The Fe centers of this dimer assume a pseudo-trigonal-planar, three-coordinate conformation in 1, bridged by two aromatic diamines. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy enable the assignment of both Fe centers as the 2+ oxidation state. Magnetic studies show that 1 displays a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction (J = −2.33 cm−1) and moderate zero-field splitting (D = 7.51 cm−1). Importantly, these studies demonstrate the viability of using transamination to bridge high-spin low-coordinate metal ions and hence the technique may, in the future, produce new extended structures.
Examining the Effect of Interruptions at Different Breakpoints and Frequencies Within a Task

ObjectiveThe purpose was to explore how event segmentation theory (EST) can be used to determine optimal moments for an interruption relying on hierarchical task analysis (HTA) to identify coarse a...
The Efficient Market Hypothesis, the Financial Analysts Journal, and the Professional Status of Investment Management

Prior to Eugene Fama’s 1965 contribution to the Financial Analysts Journal, making money on Wall Street was considered to be easy. The practical implication of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH)...
A Weight Loss Intervention Augmented by a Wearable Device in Rural Older Adults With Obesity: A Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND Older persons with obesity aged 65+ residing in rural areas have reduced access to weight management programs due to geographic isolation. The ability to integrate technology into health promotion interventions shows a potential to reach this underserved population. METHODS A 12-week pilot in 28 older rural adults with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) was conducted at a community aging center. The intervention consisted of individualized, weekly dietitian visits focusing on behavior therapy and caloric restriction with twice weekly physical therapist-led group strengthening training classes in a community-based aging center. All participants were provided a Fitbit Flex 2. An aerobic activity prescription outside the strength training classes was provided. RESULTS Mean age was 72.9 ± 5.3 years (82% female). Baseline BMI was 37.1 kg/m2, and waist circumference was 120.0 ± 33.0 cm. Mean weight loss (pre/post) was 4.6 ± 3.2 kg (4.9 ± 3.4%; p < .001). Of the 40 eligible participants, 33 (75%) enrolled, and the completion rate was high (84.8%). Objective measures of physical function improved at follow-up: 6-minute walk test improved: 35.7 ± 41.2 m (p < .001); gait speed improved: 0.10 ± 0.24 m/s (p = .04); and five-times sit-to-stand improved by 2.1 seconds (p < .001). Subjective measures of late-life function improved (5.2 ± 7.1 points, p = .003), as did Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information Systems mental and physical health scores (5.0 ± 5.7 and 4.4 ± 5.0, both p < .001). Participants wore their Fitbit 93.9% of all intervention days, and were overall satisfied with the trial (4.5/5.0, 1-5 low-high) and with Fitbit (4.0/5.0). CONCLUSIONS A multicomponent obesity intervention incorporating a wearable device is feasible and acceptable to older adults with obesity, and potentially holds promise in enhancing health.
Effect of magnesium oxide adhesion layer on resonance behavior of plasmonic nanostructures

The magnesium oxide (MgO) adhesion layer is proposed to avoid adverse effects of lossy metallic adhesion layers in thin film plasmonic nanostructures. Such adverse effects can be in the form of resonance broadening and a decrease in the resonance magnitude. We fabricate and test the quality of MgO adhesion layers and determine its optical properties through ellipsometry measurements. We also provide the plasmonic response of various plasmonic nanostructures (nanohole array, nanodisk array, dimer nanohole array, and bowtie slot antenna array) with a MgO adhesion layer and conventional adhesion layers including titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tantalum (Ta), and indium tin oxide (ITO). Our results show that unlike conventional adhesives, MgO has almost no adverse effect on the plasmonic resonance of the designed nanostructures.
Older adults' strategies for obtaining medication refills in hypothetical scenarios in the face of COVID-19 risk.

Abstract Objective To determine whether older adults would avoid going to the pharmacy (e.g., by restricting medications or requesting delivery) due to the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our secondary objectives were to determine the types of medications that the older adults are more likely to restrict and to determine the factors that influence these decisions. Design Cross-sectional survey experiment in which participants read 6 scenarios, each stating that they had a 3-day supply of a particular medication remaining. Setting and participants National Web-based survey distributed to 1457 U.S. adults aged 65 years and older by Dynata from March 25, 2020, to April 1, 2020. Outcome measures Participants reported whether they would go to a pharmacy, have a medication delivered, or restrict the use of each medication. They reported their perceptions and experiences with COVID-19, health risk factors, preferences for more or less care (medical maximizer-minimizer), medication attitudes (beliefs about medicines questionnaire), health literacy, prescription insurance status, and demographics. Results Most participants (84%) were told to shelter in place, but only 12% reported attempting to obtain extra medications. Participants most often reported that they would go to the pharmacy to obtain each medication (ranging from tramadol 48.9% to insulin 64.9%) except for zolpidem, which they were most likely to restrict (45.4%). Participants who reported comorbidities that increased their risk of COVID-19 were just as likely to go to the pharmacy as those without. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, women and the oldest participants were more likely to seek delivery of medications. Restricting medications was most common for 2 symptom-focused medications (tramadol and zolpidem), and both demographic factors (e.g., gender) and beliefs (e.g., medical maximizing-minimizing preferences) were associated with such decisions. Conclusion Many older adults intend to continue to go to the pharmacy to obtain their medications during a pandemic, even those who have health conditions that further increase their risk for COVID-19.
Sjogren's Syndrome and Clinical Benefits of Low-Dose Naltrexone Therapy: Additional Case Reports.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes the inflammation of the lacrimal and salivary glands, resulting in dryness of the eyes and mouth. In addition, fatigue and musculoskeletal pain, often described as aching, are very common. Treatment directed towards alleviating the fatigue and pain associated with SS is currently very limited. In March of 2019, the first peer reviewed case report showing clinical improvement using low-dose naltrexone (LDN) in a patient with suspected SS was published in Cureus. This report describes two additional patients with SS whose conditions responded favorably to a treatment with LDN therapy. The first case is a 24-year-old female with documented SS. Her diagnosis was based on a history of dry eyes, dry mouth, joint pain, fatigue, and headache. In addition, she had very high measures of inflammation and a positive anti SS-A antibody. She improved clinically with LDN therapy. The second case is a 66-year-old female with documented SS based on a history of dry eyes and dry mouth, joint pain, and elevated anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies whose joint symptoms responded to treatment with LDN.
Updated Review of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Setting of Prostate Cancer

Since the 1940s, elevated serum testosterone (T) levels have been infamously suggested as a causal factor in the development of prostate cancer (PCa); this time was also the dawn of both surgically...
To Call or Not to Call: the Impact of Phone Call Reminders on Influenza Vaccination Rates

OBJECTIVE: The effects of reminder systems on seasonal influenza vaccination rates are largely inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of personalized phone call reminders on seasonal influenza vaccine rates in pediatric patients. METHODS: A randomized list (n=300) of children aged 6 months to 18 years, seen at Phoenix Children’s Primary and Complex Care teaching practice, were evenly divided into control and intervention groups. A …
3005 – ELIMINATION OF RUNX1 MUTANT PRE-LEUKEMIC CLONES IN THERAPY-RELATED MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

Therapy-related Myelodysplastic Syndrome (t-MDS) accounts for up to 20% of all MDS cases and its prevalence is expected to grow as more cancer patients survive. Unfortunately, the prognosis for t-MDS remains poor with 5-year overall survival rates
Mode Transition for Increased Voltage Gain Range of a 4-Switch DC-DC Converter with Tri-State and Single Duty Cycle Control

The 4-switch bi-directional DC-DC converter operating with a tri-state logic can be used as a fast-acting power interface for energy storage devices in DC grids. By making the duration of one of the three states fixed, single duty cycle control for the injected current is possible. However, the range of voltage gains (V o /V in ) in Boost and Buck-Boost modes is reduced, what precludes its use for interfacing supercapacitors (SCs), operating with half to rated voltages, to DC grids. This paper presents this issue and proposes a solution based on the dynamic transition between modes of operation as the input voltage varies. Simulation results for a supercapacitor connected to a DC grid through the 4-switch converter operating with the basic and the improved tri-state control logic are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed technique.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Optimization and Prediction of Absorption of Metasurfaces for Hot-Electron Generation

We use artificial intelligence techniques such as the genetic algorithm and convolutional neural networks for optimization and prediction of absorption spectra of plasmonic metasurfaces for enhancing hot-electron generation. The predictions of our algorithms agree well to experimental results.
Software Development and Inferential Programming

Powerful semantically based programming tools are necessary if the development and maintenance of provably correct software is to become truly practical. These tools will not come about by simply adding new features to existing standard tools, but rather by creating an entirely new attitude towards the processes of program development, validation, and adaptation. We will need to develop an understanding of the causal connections between software requirements and the computer programs that realize them, much like the understanding that mathematical logic brings to mathematical reasoning. This kind of understanding is necessary if we are ever to automate enough of the programming process to allow the programmer’s role to become primarily heuristic or advisory.
Is the v-gap metric useful for industrial applications?

The v-gap analysis can be used to analyze the achievable robustness for a control system before designing any controllers. In its unweighted form, the v-gap promises powerful results. However, for practical applications, dynamic weights must be introduced, and then the results are with respect to this given choice of weights. For this weighted case, H ∞ analysis provides a simpler alternative and yields less conservative results.
A Lucene and Maximum Entropy Model Based Hedge Detection System

This paper describes the approach to hedge detection we developed, in order to participate in the shared task at CoNLL-2010. A supervised learning approach is employed in our implementation. Hedge cue annotations in the training data are used as the seed to build a reliable hedge cue set. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model is used as the learning technique to determine uncertainty. By making use of Apache Lucene, we are able to do fuzzy string match to extract hedge cues, and to incorporate part-of-speech (POS) tags in hedge cues. Not only can our system determine the certainty of the sentence, but is also able to find all the contained hedges. Our system was ranked third on the Wikipedia dataset. In later experiments with different parameters, we further improved our results, with a 0.612 F-score on the Wikipedia dataset, and a 0.802 F-score on the biological dataset.
Love Thy Children

Abstract This paper proves that Barro's (1974) debt neutrality proposition, whose relevance hinges, in an economy with bequest motives, on bequests being operative in the economy without public debt, is not applicable to a wide class of overlapping generation economies — those with a ‘weak’ bequest motive. In particular, it is shown that the bequest motive is always too weak, and public debt therefore non-neutral, when non-physical assets have a well-defined function (reducing oversavings) in the corresponding economy without bequest motive, i.e., when the non-altruistic economy is dynamically inefficient.
Spontaneous decay of periodic magnetostatic equilibria

In order to understand the conditions that lead to a highly magnetized, relativistic plasma becoming unstable, and in such cases how the plasma evolves, we study a prototypical class of magnetostatic equilibria in which the magnetic field satisfies ∇×B=αB, where α is spatially uniform, on a periodic domain. Using numerical solutions, we show that generic examples of such equilibria are unstable to ideal modes (including incompressible ones), which are marked by exponential growth in the linear phase. We characterize the unstable mode, showing how it can be understood in terms of merging magnetic and current structures, and explicitly demonstrate its instability using the energy principle. Following the nonlinear evolution of these solutions, we find that they rapidly develop regions with relativistic velocities and electric fields of comparable magnitude to the magnetic field, liberating magnetic energy on dynamical time scales and eventually settling into a configuration with the largest allowable wavelength. These properties make such solutions a promising setting for exploring the mechanisms behind extreme cosmic sources of gamma rays.
Humoral Medicine in Guatemala and Peasant Acceptance of Modern Medicine

Peasants of highland Guatemala and elsewhere in Latin America classify foods, medicinal plants, illnesses and modern medicines according to a conceptual scheme of opposition between the qualities of hot and cold. Although anthropologists have presented descriptions of humoral medicine as a folk-belief, rarely have they examined the direct implications of this concept for improving the medical treatment of patients who subscribe to it. Native adoption of the Hippocratic theory of disease originally introduced by the Spaniards has created a situation whereby peasants frequently reject prescribed treatment because of contradictions arising between modern and humoral philosophies of health. When physicians prescribe medicines or dietary regimens that conflict with a patient's belief in the humoral concept, the successful treatment of that patient can be adversely affected. From the patient's point of view, treatment can only be effective if the prescribed medicines or foods are of an opposite temperature qual...
Stable isotope imaging of a dynamic groundwater system in the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California, USA

Abstract A dynamic image of a shallow (45–160 m below the surface) aquifer in a 25km2 area in the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California has been obtained by 18 O 16 O and D/H determinations of groundwater from municipal wells. The regular summertime drawdown of the water table is strongly correlated with municipal-wide increases in the δ18O values, particularly in wells with shallow perforation levels, thus demonstrating that the high 18O water resides in the upper reaches of the aquifer and penetrates more deeply with increased discharge rates. These 1.5‰ enrichments in the δ18O values are primarily attributed to infiltration of irrigation water that has penetrated to depths of at least 80 m. The increased δ18O values correlate with increased deviation from the meteoric water line and with increased nitrate levels, indicating that the high 18O groundwater component represents local meteoric water that has been enriched by soil evaporation processes in nitrogen-fertilized, flood-irrigated cropland. Isotopic gradients provide a new method for qualitatively determining subsurface permeability. Zones of low isotopic gradients, interpreted as high 18O plumes, probably follow coarse-textured deposits of ancient stream channels. The 18O gradients are primarily controlled by subsurface permeability, although additional influences may include: (1) the heterogeneous distribution of the high 18O groundwater; (2) isotopic contributions from deeper groundwater; (3) variable perforation depths of the wells; (4) local differences in the water table level. Deeper, sodium bicarbonate groundwaters (300–650 m below the surface) have lower δ18O values (to −9.4 ‰) than the more shallow magnesium bicarbonate groundwaters, suggesting derivation from 18O depleted meteoric groundwaters of the Sierra Nevada. Minor mixing of the deeper groundwater into the municipal discharge occurs, even though previous workers considered the deeper groundwater to be confined.
The interpretation of ionospheric radio drift measurements—IV. The effects of signal coupling among spaced sensor channels

Abstract It is shown that the results of temporal correlation analysis of signals obtained in the spaced-receiver method of measuring ionospheric motions can be seriously affected by antenna-to-antenna coupling. The coupling can increase or decrease the computed drift speed depending upon properties of the incident signal and upon the complex coupling coefficients among the antennas, but in typical experimental systems erroneously low speeds may predominate. Velocity errors of 50 per cent can result from system coupling levels of 20 dB. A practical procedure for measuring system coupling is illustrated. The drift speed obtained by the closely-spaced antenna method cannot be considered reliable without such calibration. The principles developed here apply generally to correlation analyses of spaced sensor measurements.
Solid state coordination chemistry: construction of 2D networks and 3D frameworks from phosphomolybdate clusters and binuclear Cu(II) complexes. The syntheses and structures of [{Cu2(tpypyz)(H2O)2}(Mo5O15)(HOPO3)2]·nH2O [n = 2, 3; tpypyz = tetra(2-pyridyl)pyrazine]

The hydrothermal reaction of MoO3, Cu(C2H3O2)2·H2 O, tpypyz, H3PO4 and H2O yields a 2D material, [{Cu2(tpypyz)(H2O)2}(Mo5 O15)(HOPO3)2]·2H2O (1·2H2O), constructed from {Mo5O15(HOPO3)2} 4− clusters linked through {Cu2(tpypyz)(H2O)2}2+ components; in contrast, use of Cu2O in the synthesis in place of Cu(C2H3O2)2·H2 O yields a 3D material [{Cu2(tpypyz)(H2O)2}(Mo5 O15)(HOPO3)2]·3H2O (2·3H2O), constructed from the same building blocks as 1·2H2O.
Studies of the Mid Region of Tropomyosin Using an Incorporated Tryptophan Analogue

Striated muscle contraction is controlled by highly sensitive alterations in thin filament conformation that involve a Ca2+-dependent interaction between troponin I (TnI) and actin-tropomyosin (Tm). To study these interactions, 5-OH Tryptophan (OHW) was incorporated into striated muscle alpha-tropomyosin. A Single Trp tropomyosin mutant, Q135W, was generated and expressed in Trp auxotrophs. OHW incorporation was 76%. Thin filaments containing Q135W retained excellent function: 12-fold Ca2+ regulation in myosin S1-thin filament MgATPase assays. Fluorescence emission titrations with increasing amounts of Ca2+ were performed (emission max 338nm) in presence of thin filaments comprised of cardiac troponin, F-actin, and Q135W tropomyosin. Similar titrations using troponin, actin, and wt Trp-free tropomyosin produced low fluorescence (ex wavelength 312 nm). Ca2+ decreased the OHW fluorescence of Q135W-containing thin filaments by 7.0 +/− 0.4 %. This transition occurred with K = 1.8 +/− 0.3 uM −1, consistent with the affinity of the cardiac thin filament regulatory calcium site on TnC. OHW Q135W tropomyosin is a novel tool for monitoring thin filament behavior, in particular for detecting Ca2+ binding to troponin. Troponin has been viewed as binding to the C-terminus of tropomyosin, which does not include the mid-tropomyosin residue 135 that is found in the current study to be Ca2+-sensitive. However, the findings may be related to recent results, suggesting that the TnI C-terminus of troponin bridges from one actin strand to the other, and contacts tropomyosin near residue 146. Galinska-Rakoczy et al, JMB 2008. Mudalige et al, JMB2009. Finally, human cardiac troponins with defective inhibitory activity due to alterations in the TnI inhibitory region have been generated. They are currently under study using this tropomyosin.
Within-Session Patterns of Self-Injury as Indicators of Behavioral Function.

Functional analysis assessment procedures have proven to be highly useful in identifying variables maintaining aberrant behavior like self-injury. When successful, assessments can lead to more effective treatment than when behavioral function is unknown. Because of practical limitations, not all clinicians can conduct extensive and thorough analyses prior to treatment implementation. Although relatively brief assessments have proven successful in a number of published studies, it is unclear under what conditions those assessments would match the results of a more extended analysis. This study examined a method for assessing the behavioral function of severe self-injury in four adult participants. For each participant, the initial assessment involved analyzing within-session trends and fluctuations in rates of self-injury by plotting the frequency within each minute of a session. The results of these analyses were then compared to a set of more traditional, longer-term functional analyses conducted with each participant. Results suggested that within-session analyses are viable procedures for the assessment of self-injury. Potential benefits of within-session analyses over other brief assessments and longer-term analyses are discussed.
The NaKCl cotransport in essential hypertension: cellular functions and genetic environment interactions

Abstract The present paper examines factors involved in the expression of the NaKCl cotransport system present in erythrocytes and in vascular cells. This transport system is modulated by vasoactive peptides such as atrial natriuretic factor and bradykinin in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The V max of the NaKCl in human red cells displays large interindividual differences which can be mainly accounted for by genetic factors. Elevation of the K m for Na of the outward Na cotransport is found in red cells of some Caucasian hypertensives and in Black normotensives born of hypertensive parents whose blood pressure increases with salt loading. Reduction of Na intake from 200 to 10 mEq/day does not influence the activity of the cotransport in normotensive individuals but decreases the K m for Na of hypertensive subjects to values similar to those of the normotensives. These findings indicate that the NaKCl cotransport is an important probe of genetic and environmental factors in the hypertensive process.
THE EFFECT OF PIPERAZINE ON SUCCINATE PRODUCTION BY ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

Piperazine reduced the production of succinate by Ascaris lumbricoides. This effect was reversible. There was a close parallelism between the concentrations of piperazine which paralysed the worm and those which inhibited the formation of succinate. Piperazine did not affect the incorporation of [2-14C]lactate into succinate by strips of Ascaris muscle. It was concluded that production of succinate supplies energy for the contraction of Ascaris muscle.
Orthostatic Intolerance and Autonomic Dysfunction in Youth With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms: A Head-Upright Tilt Table Study.

Objective:To explore head-upright tilt table (HUT) signs of autonomic dysfunction in a cohort of youth with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PCSs) that include light-headedness and to correlate repeat tilt table results with symptom improvements for those patients found to have postural tachycard
The Amenability of Pleasure and Pain to Aggregation

According to several prominent philosophers, pleasure and pain come in measurable quantities. This thesis is controversial, however, and many philosophers have presented or felt compelled to respond to arguments for the conclusion that it is false. One important class of these arguments concerns the problem of aggregation, which says that if pleasure and pain were measurable quantities, then, by definition, it would be possible to perform various mathematical and statistical operations on numbers representing amounts of them. It is sometimes argued that such operations cannot be sensibly applied to pleasure and pain, and that sentences expressing such operations must be false or meaningless. The purpose of this paper is to present, explain, and rebut several versions of this argument. In the first section, I present a generic version of the argument. In the second section, I present a defense of its key premise based on a case involving comparisons of relief from pain, and explain why I think it fails. In the third section, I present and rebut another defense, based on a pair of analogies with temperature. In the final section, I present a third defense, based on an analogy with spatial distances. I then present my reasons for rejecting it. Along the way, I explain my reasons for thinking that pleasure and pain are amenable to interval measurement.
Silicon-coupled, high-Q chalcogenide microspheres

We fabricate high-Q As2Se3glass microspheres using resistive heating and demonstrate quality factors as large as 2.9 x 106at 1550 nm. We achieve efficient coupling via a novel scheme utilizing index-engineered unclad silicon waveguides.
The practitioner-scholars' view of school change: A case-based approach to teaching and learning☆

This paper contends that a course in school change must tap into the lived experiences of practitioners; thereby arguing for a cased-based learning experience in which practitioners reflect critically on their own practice and develop a sound rationale for change. Placing the practitioner's “own” stories at the center of this experience revealed many compelling themes. Three that are addressed in this article include: (1) that the change process address loss, gain, and healing; (2) that change be committed to a vision that benefits all children; and (3) that commitment, community, and communication are key aspects of a change process that is led by a champion.
An analysis of the impact of the Strengthening Families Program on family reunification in child welfare

Abstract This study examines reunification outcomes of children of alcohol or other drug involved parents who were placed in foster care and received the Strengthening Families Program as part of their child welfare service intervention. Following the use of propensity score matching to generate a comparison group, survival analysis was utilized to predict reunification rates. Strengthening Families participants had a significantly higher reunification rate than matched families who did not receive this intervention. Time to reunification was run from two points in the life of the child welfare case: from the date of child removal from the home and from the date of Strengthening Families Program start. In both instances, our analyses indicated that the Strengthening Families Program participants were significantly more likely to reunify than comparison cases.
Estrogen receptor β mediates increased activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and improved myocardial function in female hearts following acute ischemia

Females have a lower incidence of heart failure and improved survival after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) compared with males. Although estrogen-suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis may be me...
Coupling of FM systems to individuals with unilateral hearing loss.

This study examined the attenuation characteristics of five FM system sound delivery options for a group of 10 adults and 15 children (5–13 years). Sound delivery options included a tube-fitting, lightweight headphones, a CROS earmold with tubing, a CROS earmold with a snap-ring, and a standard snap-ring earmold with a vent. Attenuation was defined as the difference between probe-tube microphone measures of the ear canal resonance and the SPL in the ear canal with each sound delivery option in place. A statistically significant but clinically inconsequential difference in attenuation for the CROS earmold with tubing was noted between adults and children. No significant differences in attenuation for any of the other sound delivery options were noted between adults and children. An investigation of the relationship between magnitude of attenuation and percentage of the ear canal occluded suggests that degree of occlusion is a major factor in determining degree of attenuation provided by a particular sound ...
Wear of dental enamel

Abstract Teeth wear for a number of reasons. One of the causes for wear is the use of abrasive tooth pastes. A study is reported in which enamel was damaged by single pass sliding of a diamond indenter. In single crystals of fluorapatite, wear occurs by flaking out of chips of material and severely fractured substrate is left behind. On the other hand teeth are made of small rods of polycrystalline hydroxyapatite of the order of 5 μm in diameter oriented perpendicular to the tooth surface. This rod structure of human teeth prevents large scale flaking out of material. Apparently the subsurface cracks do not extend from one rod to the other so that subsequent passes do not result in severe wear. Small abrasive particles may do considerable damage to rods, but the overall effect is small. Large abrasive particles with high loads cause separation of rods, and cracks appear to propagate but without severe permanent damage.
Mycenaean pictorial vase painting

Here is a vividly written and fully illustrated assessment of the figured decoration on Late Bronze Age vessels from the Greek mainland, Cyprus, and the Aegean islands. It will become a standard source on the Mycenaean imagination. Emily Vermeuele and Vassos Karageorghis describe the hunting scenes, chariots, sphinxes and griffins, bulls and birds, people dancing or fighting, and cult scenes on Mycenaean pottery. They analyze forms and styles, sources and influences, and the development of conventions. They relate what is known about hte painters and their workshops, and the overseas trade. A catalogue of the 700 remaining whole and broken examples, now in museums around the world, is appended. Over 950 illustrations provide a comprehensive view of the art. This study tells us much about Bronze Age civilization, and it opens the way to an understanding of the relationship of Greek art to figure drawing in pre-Classical times.