cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Third Molars and Periodontal Pathology in American Adolescents and Young Adults: A Prevalence Study

Purpose To assess the association between visible third molars and the prevalence of periodontal inflammatory disease of non–third molars. Patients and Methods Subjects aged 14 to 45 years with 4 asymptomatic third molars were enrolled in an institutional review board–approved study. Subjects were classified based on whether at least 1 third molar was visible or all third molars were not visible. Full-mouth periodontal probing depth (PD) data, with 6 sites per tooth, were obtained as a measure of a subject's periodontal status. At least 1 non–third molar PD of 4 mm or greater was indicative of periodontal inflammatory disease. Outcomes for the respective groups were compared by use of Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel row mean score statistics. The level of significance for differences was set at .05. Results The 342 subjects in the visible group were significantly older, with a median age of 26 years (interquartile range, 22.4-32.2 years), as compared with the 69 subjects in the not visible group, with a median age of 21 years (interquartile range, 18.8-24.9 years) ( P P > .05). Most subjects were white. Significantly more subjects with at least a college education were in the visible group than in the not visible group ( P Conclusions The visible presence of third molars in adolescents and young adults was significantly associated with periodontal inflammatory disease of non–third molars.
Novel psychoactive drug use among younger adults involved in US nightlife scenes.

Introduction and Aims The emergence of novel psychoactive substances has been reported in clinical studies and recent studies of users. The use of these substances in European nightlife scenes is well documented. Little research has been done to identify the prevalence of these drugs among young adults active in other regions. We focus our sample on socially active young adults to gain an indication of the prevalence and understanding of demographic factors associated with past year mephedrone (‘meph’, ‘bath salts’) and synthetic cannabinoid (‘spice’, ‘K2’) use. Design and Methods This study reports on the results of a field-based survey of 1740 patrons at nightlife venues in New York City. Results Within the sample, 8.2% reported use of synthetic cannabinoids and 1.1% reported the use of mephedrone. Gay and bisexual men reported higher prevalence of mephedrone use. Latinos reported higher prevalence of synthetic cannabinoid use. Multivariate analyses indicate that sexual minority identity is associated with mephedrone use and younger age and Latino ethnicity are associated with synthetic cannabinoid use. Discussion and Conclusion The findings suggest that the use of synthetic cannabinoids and mephedrone among adults in US nightlife scenes remains relatively low in comparison with European nightlife scenes, and is low relative to other drug use among young people within these scenes. [Kelly BC, Wells BE, Pawson M, LeClair A, Parsons JT, Golub SA. Novel psychoactive drug use among younger adults involved in US nightlife scenes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:588–593]
Preparing for Critical Care Services to Patients With Ebola

To assist U.S. medical facilities with advanced management capabilities, a group of health care workers suggests policies and procedures for the critical care of patients with Ebola.
Model Predictive Control for Time-Delay Compensation of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive in Smart Building Applications

Smart building technologies are being developed in order to optimize energy usage in residential and commercial facilities electrical systems. One aspect of computer network based control systems is the intrinsic time-delays present in communicating feedback signals. This creates reduced stability margins in variable speed drives used for heating, cooling, ventilation and refrigeration systems. This research presents results for developing a model-predictive control method to compensate for the degraded performance associated with network time-delays. This is applied to a switched reluctance motor drive system. Improved stability margins are demonstrated for realistic time-delays encountered in wireless smart building systems.
Documenting decision models for informed and confident decisions

The authors present a framework for documenting decision models as well as guidelines and heuristics for using it. The framework is based on the idea that users are typically not interested in the model per se, but on how the model relates to their problem. The relationship between the model and the problem, therefore, is the target of documentation. The framework consists of classes of relationships that must be documented. The heuristics guide in the identification and documentation of instances from these classes when documenting a specific use of the model. >
Layered Manufacturing: Challenges and Opportunities

Layered Manufacturing (LM) refers to computer-aided manufacturing processes in which parts are made in sequential layers relatively quickly. Parts that are produced by LM can be formed from a wide range of materials such as photosensitive polymers, metals and ceramics in sizes from a centimeter to a few meters with sub-millimeter feature resolutions. LM has found use in diverse areas including biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, defense, electronics and design engineering. The promise of LM is the capability to make customized complex-shaped functional parts without specialized tooling and without assembly. LM is still a few years away from fully realizing its promise but its potential for manufacturing remains high. A few of the fundamental challenges in materials processing confronting the community are improving the quality of the surface finish, eliminating residual stress, controlling local composition and microstructure, achieving fine feature size and dimensional tolerance and accelerating processing speed. Until these challenges are met, the applicability of LM and its commercialization will be restricted. Sustained scientific activity in LM has advanced over the past decade into many different areas of manufacturing and has enabled exploration of novel processes and development of hybrid processes. The research community of today has the opportunity to shape the future direction of science research to realize the full potential of LM.
Emplacement conditions of the c. 1,600-year bp Collier Cone lava flow, Oregon: a LiDAR investigation

A long-standing question in lava flow studies has been how to infer emplacement conditions from information preserved in solidified flows. From a hazards perspective, volumetric flux (effusion rate) is the parameter of most interest for open-channel lava flows, as the effusion rate is important for estimating the final flow length, the rate of flow advance, and the eruption duration. The relationship between effusion rate, flow length, and flow advance rate is fairly well constrained for basaltic lava flows, where there are abundant recent examples for calibration. Less is known about flows of intermediate compositions (basaltic andesite to andesite), which are less frequent and where field measurements are limited by the large block sizes and the topographic relief of the flows. Here, we demonstrate ways in which high-resolution digital topography obtained using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems can provide access to terrains where field measurements are difficult or impossible to collect. We map blocky lava flow units using LiDAR-generated bare earth digital terrain models (DTMs) of the Collier Cone lava flow in the central Oregon Cascades. We also develop methods using geographic information systems to extract and quantify morphologic features such as channel width, flow width, flow thickness, and slope. Morphometric data are then analyzed to estimate both effusion rates and emplacement times for the lava flow field. Our data indicate that most of the flow outline (which comprises the earliest, and most voluminous, flow unit) can be well explained by an average volumetric flux ∼14–18 m3/s; channel data suggest an average flux ∼3 m3/s for a later, channel-filling, flow unit. When combined with estimates of flow volume, these data suggest that the Collier Cone lava flow was most likely emplaced over a time scale of several months. This example illustrates ways in which high-resolution DTMs can be used to extract and analyze morphologic measurements and how these measurements can be analyzed to estimate emplacement conditions for inaccessible, heavily vegetated, or extraterrestrial lava flows.
Oral antivirals for chronic hepatitis B.

Four oral antiviral agents have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and telbivudine. This article reviews the durability of response, dose regimen, predictors of response, safety, and problems with resistance of these four agents and of promising agents currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of patients who have hepatitis B e antigen–positive and –negative chronic hepatitis B.
The use of combined spinal-epidural technique to compare intrathecal ziconotide and epidural opioids for trialing intrathecal drug delivery.

SUMMARY Choosing the initial medications for intrathecal delivery is often confusing and not standardized. We describe a novel way for using a combined spinal–epidural technique to compare two first-line medications for intrathecal delivery; ziconotide and morphine (or hydromorphone). Five patients with intractable chronic or cancer pain were elected to have an intrathecal drug delivery system implanted for pain management. Each patient was given a 3-day inpatient trial with the combined spinal–epidural technique. The Visual Analog Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, short-term McGill questionnaire and opioid consumption were monitored daily. The results were used to develop a paradigm to describe how ziconotide can be used in practice.
Multi area state estimation using synchronized phasor measurements

This paper investigates the problem of state estimation in very large power systems, which may contain several control areas. An estimation approach which coordinates locally obtained decentralized estimates while improving bad data processing capability at the area boundaries is presented. Each area is held responsible for maintaining a sufficiently redundant measurement set to allow bad data processing among its internal measurements. It is assumed that synchronized phasor measurements from different area buses are available in addition to the conventional measurements provided by the substation remote terminal units. The estimator is implemented and tested using different measurement configurations for the IEEE 118-bus test system and the 4520-bus ERCOT system.
Identification of Genetic Pathways Activated by the Androgen Receptor during the Induction of Proliferation in the Ventral Prostate Gland

The androgen receptor (AR), when complexed with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), supports the survival and proliferation of prostate cells, a process critical for normal development, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and tumorigenesis. However, the androgen-responsive genetic pathways that control prostate cell division and differentiation are largely unknown. To identify such pathways, we examined gene expression in the ventral prostate 6 and 24 h after DHT administration to androgen-depleted rats. 234 transcripts were expressed significantly differently from controls (p
Design Considerations for Parametric Amplifier Low-Noise Performance

The basic characteristics of parametric amplifiers are reviewed briefly, with particular emphasis on the limitations on low-noise performance resulting from diode losses. Normalized curves showing the minimum excess temperature of a parametric amplifier for various spectrum arrangements are presented, where the normalizing factor is the degenerate-mode gain cutoff frequency. Experimental evidence consisting of noise figure measurements on an X-band amplifier is used to relate this cutoff frequency to an easily and commonly measured diode quality factor. Design considerations for a hypothetical L-band parametric amplifier are discussed to illustrate the implications of the noise analysis.
Prediction of endometrial ablation success according to perioperative findings

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine which factors in the perioperative period influence the success of endometrial ablation in alleviating menorrhagia. Study Design: We performed a retrospective chart review of 120 women aged 27 to 49 years who underwent endometrial ablation after 2 months of preoperative treatment with danazol (Danocrine, 800 mg/d orally) or leuprolide (Lupron, 3.75 mg in one intramuscular injection each month). Patients who required medical management or additional operations to control the vaginal bleeding during follow-up (median follow-up, 37 weeks) were considered to have ablation failures. Results: Sixty-three percent of patients (76/120) had a successful procedure. The chance of success was greater if a cavity of normal appearance was found (odds ratio, 2.3; P = .04). The finding of an intramural fibroid before the procedure resulted in a reduced trend toward success (odds ratio, 0.4; P = .06). The use of danazol pretreatment improved the rate of success overall (odds ratio, 2.2; P = .05) and especially among women P = .01) Conclusion: Perioperative findings may provide useful information in counseling patients regarding endometrial ablation. Success is greater among patients with a normal intrauterine cavity and after preoperative treatment with danazol. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1005-7.)
Recovery of corneal subbasal nerve density after PRK and LASIK.

Purpose To measure and compare the return of corneal innervation up to 5 years after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Design Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Methods Eighteen eyes of 12 patients received PRK to correct a mean refractive error of –3.73 ± 1.30 diopters, and 16 eyes of 11 patients received LASIK to correct a mean refractive error of –6.56 ± 2.44 diopters. Corneas were examined by confocal microscopy before and at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after the procedures. Subbasal nerve fiber bundles were measured to determine density (visible length of nerve/frame area) and expressed as micrometers per square millimeters. Differences were compared by Friedman's test and adjusted for multiple comparisons by the Student-Newman-Keuls procedure. Results After PRK, mean subbasal nerve density was reduced by 59% at 1 year (2764 ± 1321 μm/mm 2 [±SD]) when compared with preoperative (6786 ± 1948 μm/mm 2 ; P 2 ) was not significantly different from density before PRK and remained unchanged to 5 years (5903 ± 3086 μm/mm 2 ). After LASIK, subbasal nerve density was reduced by 51%, 35%, and 34% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively ( P 2 ) that were not significantly different from densities before LASIK (5589 ± 2436 μm/mm 2 ). Conclusion Corneal subbasal nerve density does not recover to near preoperative densities until 5 years after LASIK, as compared with 2 years after PRK.
The Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor after Removal of the Gut

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is thought to be an important mediator of the septic response; intravenous administration of this cytokine provokes a wide range of metabolic and hemodynamic effects which closely resemble those known to follow endotoxin administration. These effects include damage to gut mucosa. Since the gut constitutes an internal reservoir of endotoxin and bacteria it is possible that some of TNF's effects might be secondary to an increased absorption of these agents. To test this hypothesis TNF was given both to intact dogs and also to animals in which the gut had been removed, from duodenum to anus ("enterectomy"). The data indicates that the effects of TNF upon systemic pressure, white count, and cortisol and glucagon levels were not affected by prior removal of the gut. For most other parameters the findings were less clear but in general the changes in enterectomized dogs were qualitatively similar to those described in the intact animal. We conclude that the effects observed following TNF infusion in the dog are not dependent on the intestinal tract as a secondary source of bacteria or mediators.
How To Create An App

Mobile Computing is booming and everyone has ideas how to profit from it. But only few people know how to build an app that will make those ideas a reality. Businesses are looking for innovative ways to generate revenue from this rapidly growing technology while taking the advantage of the immediacy and convenience that mobile technology has to offer. Mobile apps play a vital role, and have changed the focus from what's on the Web, to the apps on mobile devices, and it is no longer an option but an imperative. The purpose of this article is to provide information on how to create an app and to explore the commonly used tools and technologies to create an app.
Effect of Training and Level of External Auditory Feedback on the Singing Voice: Volume and Quality.

Summary Background Previous research suggests that classically trained professional singers rely not only on external auditory feedback but also on proprioceptive feedback associated with internal voice sensitivities. Objectives The Lombard effect and the relationship between sound pressure level (SPL) and external auditory feedback were evaluated for professional and nonprofessional singers. Additionally, the relationship between voice quality, evaluated in terms of singing power ratio (SPR), and external auditory feedback, level of accompaniment, voice register, and singer gender was analyzed. Methods The subjects were 10 amateur or beginner singers and 10 classically trained professional or semiprofessional singers (10 men and 10 women). Subjects sang an excerpt from the Star-Spangled Banner with three different levels of the accompaniment, 70, 80, and 90 dBA and with three different levels of external auditory feedback. SPL and SPR were analyzed. Results The Lombard effect was stronger for nonprofessional singers than professional singers. Higher levels of external auditory feedback were associated with a reduction in SPL. As predicted, the mean SPR was higher for professional singers than nonprofessional singers. Better voice quality was detected in the presence of higher levels of external auditory feedback. Conclusions With an increase in training, the singer's reliance on external auditory feedback decreases.
Submodular Constraints and Planar Constraint Networks: New Results

In this paper, we present fast polynomial-time algorithms for solving classes of submodular constraints over Boolean domains. We pose the identified classes of problems within the general framework of Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems (WCSPs), reformulated as minimum weighted vertex cover problems. We examine the Constraint Composite Graphs (CCGs) associated with these WCSPs and provide simple arguments for establishing their tractability. We construct simple - almost trivial - bipartite graph representations for submodular cost functions, and reformulate these WCSPs as max-flow problems on bipartite graphs. By doing this, we achieve better time complexities than state-of-the-art algorithms. We also use CCGs to exploit planarity in variable interaction graphs, and provide algorithms with significantly improved time complexities for classes of submodular constraints. Moreover, our framework for exploiting planarity is not limited to submodular constraints. Our work confirms the usefulness of studying CCGs associated with combinatorial problems modeled as WCSPs.
Geometrical Arrangement of Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria

In 1975, Blakemore discovered the freshwater magnetotactic bacterium Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum which navigates along the magnetic-field direction. Electron microscopic work showed that the magnetotactic bacteria contain magnetosomes which are intracytoplasmic membrane-bound particles of magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 . The magnetosomes are within the single-domain size range (∼500 A) of Fe 3 O 4 . The magnetosomes within cells are often arranged in one or more chains with the chain axis more or less parallel to the axis of motility of the cell. A detailed study of the magnetic properties of magnetotactic bacteria can be found in the paper by Moskowitz.
Dynamically reconfigurable evolutionary multi-context robust cellular array design

This paper presents a novel dynamically reconfigurable evolutionary design of multi-context multi-output near real-time functions for implementation using a 2D cellular array structure. A genetic algorithm generates solutions that reuse the cells in the cellular array to implement multiple multi-output functions, thereby minimising the area overhead and power consumed. Further constraints are introduced to yield solutions that are resilient to single cell failure. Test vectors to identify the faulty cell are presented. The experimental validation and results of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a 5 × 5 cellular array to implement context-specific arithmetic functions under fault-free and faulty cell scenarios. The upper and lower bounds for the total time delay in the reconfigurable 2D array is derived.
Induction and maintenance treatment regimens for HIV-1 infection in vitro.

Can aggressive anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induction regimens be simplified after sufficient virus suppression is achieved ? In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that aggressive induction regimens could be followed by less aggressive maintenance regimens. A clinical HIV-1 isolate and lymphoblastoid cell line (H9) were employed. Virus multiplicities were varied, as were drug inhibitory concentrations (IC90, IC99) and induction periods (1, 2 and 3 weeks) of a three-drug regimen (zidovudine plus lamivudine and indinavir), following which maintenance regimens (no drug, zidovudine alone, indinavir alone, zidovudine plus lamivudine) were employed. After 1 week inductions at IC99 concentrations, viral rebound occurred on none or one-drug maintenance regimens but not on a two-drug regimen. After 2 week inductions, viral rebound occurred with no-drug maintenance, but not with one- and two-drug regimens. After 3 week inductions, viral rebound did not occur in zero-, one-, or two-drug maintenance regimens, although HIV-1 DNA persisted in cultured cells. These studies suggest that although some induction-maintenance regimens will fail, after a sufficient period of HIV-1 suppression with a three-drug antiretroviral regimen, maintenance on fewer drugs may be feasible.
Using Personification and Agency Reorientation to Reduce Mental-Health Clinicians’ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Patients

People with mental disorders are strongly stigmatized. Among mental-health professionals, stigmatizing attitudes often manifest as desire for social distance from people with mental disorders. Currently ascendant biomedical conceptualizations of psychopathology could exacerbate this problem by engendering dehumanization, which is linked to prejudice. Given the clinical implications of such an occurrence, the present research tested a possible mitigation strategy. In an online study of 216 U.S. mental-health clinicians, two strategies for mitigating dehumanization in healthcare were tested-personification, highlighting personal traits of people with mental disorders rather than presenting them as malfunctioning brains, and agency reorientation, underscoring people's ability to make choices and decisions. This approach yielded significantly less desire for social distance, among clinicians, from a person with depression whose symptoms were explained biologically. These findings may suggest an avenue for decreasing stigma in clinical practice.
An Examination of the Real Effect of Country-Of-Origin on Percieved Quality: A Product Category Approach

The purpose of this article is to examine the country of origin effect on consumers’ perception of quality across different product categories namely hedonic vs. utilitarian and durable vs. non-durable. As opposed to most of the previous research that explicitly engages consumers in using the COO information in their evaluation of the quality of products, the present research attempts at examining the naturalistic and more realistic effect of COO.
Relative Merits of Coronary CTA and Coronary MRI

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) have now replaced x-ray angiography for many vascular beds, but only recently has the technology advanced sufficiently for these modalities to interrogate and display coronary artery morphology.
Neuropsychological Impairment and Rolandic Epilepsy

Investigators at Universities of Chiete and Salerno, Italy, evaluated the neuropsychological profile of children with rolandic epilepsy (RE) at onset and of their healthy siblings.
Longitudinal Associations Among Reading-Related Skills and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study.

This study investigated the etiology of longitudinal relations among kindergarten prereading skills, first-grade word level reading skills, and seventh-grade reading comprehension in 265 monozygotic and 459 dizygotic twin pairs (Mage = 6.29 years in kindergarten) from the Florida Twin Project on Reading. Using a quadvariate Cholesky decomposition, results showed genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental overlap among prereading skills, word level reading skills, and reading comprehension. In addition, genetic and shared environmental overlap was indicated among word level reading skills and reading comprehension, outside the influence of prereading skills. After accounting for overlapping, there remained moderate genetic and nonshared environmental influence specific to reading comprehension. Implications for reading education are discussed.
Effects of a Self-Directed Nutrition Intervention Among Adults With Chronic Health Conditions:

Chronic diseases are common among adults. A healthy diet may be beneficial for managing the consequences of such conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a self-directed nutrition program on dietary behaviors among adults with chronic health conditions. As part of a larger trial examining the effects of a self-directed exercise program, participants with arthritis were randomized to a 12-week self-directed exercise or nutrition intervention. Self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption, fat- and fiber-related behaviors were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 9 months. Repeated measures analyses of covariance examined Group × Time changes in dietary behaviors. Effect sizes were computed. Participants ( n = 321) were, on average, 56.5 ± 10.5 years old, had a mean body mass index of 32.9 ± 8.3 kg/m2, and had 2.0 ± 1.0 chronic health conditions; 88% were female, 65% White, 88% had at least some college education, and 62% married. There were significant Group × Time interactions favoring the nutrition group at 12 weeks for all dietary behaviors ( p < .05) but not at 9 months. Between-group effect sizes were small at 12 weeks and decreased at 9 months. Within-group effect sizes were larger for the nutrition group (small to medium) than the exercise group (none to small) at both time points. A self-directed nutrition intervention can result in meaningful improvements in dietary behaviors among adults with chronic health conditions in the short term.
The Old One-Two: Solving the Mystery of Cognate Help.

The pivotal findings reported by Noelle et al. ([1][1]) in 1992 resolved a puzzle that had been 40 years in the making. In the mid-20th century, seminal studies from Owen ([2][2]), Medawar and colleagues ([3][3], [4][4]) and Burnet ([5][5]) established the concept of an immunological self, forcing
Distinct Roles of Sensory Neurons in Mediating Pathogen Avoidance and Neuropeptide-Dependent Immune Regulation.

Summary Increasing evidence implies an extensive and universal interaction between the immune system and the nervous system. Previous studies showed that OCTR-1, a neuronal G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) analogous to human norepinephrine receptors, functions in sensory neurons to control the gene expression of both microbial killing pathways and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in Caenorhabditis elegans . Here, we found that OCTR-1-expressing neurons, ASH, are involved in controlling innate immune pathways. In contrast, another group of OCTR-1-expressing neurons, ASI, was shown to promote pathogen avoidance behavior. We also identified neuropeptide NLP-20 and AIA interneurons, which are responsible for the integration of conflicting cues and behaviors, as downstream components of the ASH/ASI neural circuit. These findings provide insights into a neuronal network involved in regulating pathogen defense mechanisms in C. elegans and might have broad implications for the strategies utilized by metazoans to balance the energy-costly immune activation and behavioral response.
Severe beta blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose: Role of high dose insulin.

Abstract A 54-year-old female presented after taking an overdose of an unknown amount of hydrochlorothiazide, doxazocin, atenolol and amlodipine. She was initially refractory to treatment with conventional therapy (intravenous fluids, activated charcoal, glucagon 5 mg followed with glucagon drip, calcium gluconate 10%, and atropine). Furthermore, insulin at 4 U/kg was not effective in improving her hemodynamics. Shortly after high dose insulin was achieved with 10 U/kg, there was dramatic improvement in hemodynamics resulting in three of five vasopressors being weaned off in 8 h. She was subsequently off all vasopressors after six additional hours. The role of high dose insulin has been documented in prior cases, however it is generally recommended after other conventional therapies have failed. However, there are other reports that suggest it as initial therapy. Our patient failed conventional therapies and responded well only with maximum dose of insulin. Physicians should consider high dose insulin early in severe beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose for improvement in hemodynamics. This leads to early discontinuation of vasopressors. It is important that emergency physicians be aware of the beneficial effects of high dose insulin when initiated early as opposed to waiting for conventional therapy to fail; as these patients often present first to the emergency department. Early initiation in the emergency department can be beneficial in these patients.
Comparison of error in two passive phase localization algorithms

Passive Source Localization (PSL) of transmitters remains an open topic in signal processing. This paper will contrast and compare the sources of errors for two different phase based PSL algorithms. The first is Phase Difference Of Arrival (PDOA). This forward algorithm relies on several assumptions which can result in inaccurate localization. The second is an inverse algorithm, the Phase Variance Method (PVM). PVM reduces error at the cost of a large number of simple computations that can be performed in parallel. A comparison between the types and sources of errors will be performed along with an example of performance.
From Spirit-Murdering to Spirit-Healing: Addressing Anti-Black Aggressions and the Inhumane Discipline of Black Children

School is a hyperviolent space for Black students and in particular for Black girls. Black girls continue to be adultified, criminalized, and spirit-murdered by educators who enact racially discrim...
Beyond Regression and Analysis of Variance

SAS procedure NLIN for fitting nonlinear models is illustrated with applications to growth curves and data from pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies. Generalized linear models, a special type of non-linear models, are introduced and illustrated with applications to logistic and Poisson regression models using LOGISTIC and GENMOD procedures. A separate section covers methods to handle overdispersion, including negative binomial models. The final section applies the GENMOD procedure to Poisson regression with rates. It also explores options provided by the LOGISTIC procedure for applying logistic regression to data with multi-category responses.
Rehabilitación psicosocial: Un enfoque efectivo para ayudar a personas con enfermedades mentales agudas

Este articulo reconoce en las enfermedades mentales un problema de salud global con importantisimas consecuencias en el ejercicio de los derechos humanos y da cuenta de la evaluacion de un programa para personas afectadas por enfermedades mentales, centrado en la rehabilitacion psico-social con base comunitaria que se realizo en Columbus Ohio, Estados Unidos. El estudio utilizo un diseno experimental y encontro que los sujetos del grupo de tratamiento psicosocial superaron a los sujetos del grupo de control en las variables claves de resultados de cantidad de re-hospitalizaciones, cantidad de dias de hospitalizacion, visitas de urgencia a los servicios de salud mental, y contactos con el sistema de justicia penal. Los sujetos del grupo de tratamiento superaron tambien a los sujetos del grupo de control en todas las mediciones de adaptacion personal y social. La evaluacion tambien mostro que el costo del tratamiento psicosocial fue mas barato que el tratamiento tradicional.
The Mechanism of Activation of Glutamate Dehydrogenase-catalyzed Reactions by Two Different, Cooperatively Bound Activators

Abstract The activation of NADH- and NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions appears to be similar for two structurally different compounds, ADP and any of a series of monocarboxylic l-α-amino acids. ADP and l-leucine have identical effects on a large variety of glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions. Transient state studies show that l-leucine increases the rate of release of NADPH from an enzyme-NADPH complex in a manner similar to that of ADP. The dissociation constant for the glutamate dehydrogenase-NADPH complex as measured by difference spectroscopy is increased by leucine, indicating that leucine interferes with this mode of NADPH binding. It is shown that the dissociation constant for this leucine complex which interferes with a mode of NADPH binding is equal to the reported dissociation constant for the binary enzyme-leucine complex. The steady state kinetic activation constant which can be obtained by extrapolation to infinitely dilute substrate concentrations is equal to the dissociation constant of the binary enzyme-leucine complex. Since the tight binding of NADPH measured spectroscopically in the 340 nm region appears to be involved in a rate-limiting step, the mechanism of activation of α-keto-glutarate reduction by ADP and monocarboxylic l-α-amino acids may be to weaken this NADPH binding mode. Although kinetic activation data and the binding interactions with NADPH are similar for ADP and l-leucine, each activator enhances the binding of the other and, together, they have a slightly additive activation. Spectroscopic data presented in this paper indicate that the two types of activators have spatially separate binding sites on the enzyme and interact in a positive manner to enhance the binding of each other (i.e. positive cooperativity).
Jordan’s Solution to the Refugee Crisis: Idealistic and Pragmatic Education

Syrian refugees are causing upheavals in Jordan’s economy and education. Unemployment of Jordan’s native youth is 29.9% without the addition of unemployed refugees further threatening the stability...
Stage-specific roles of Ezh2 and Retinoic acid signaling ensure calvarial bone lineage commitment

Development of the skull bones requires the coordination of two stem progenitor populations, the cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) and head paraxial mesoderm (PM), to ensure cell fate selection and morphogenesis. The epigenetic methyltransferase, Ezh2, plays a role in skull bone formation, but the spatiotemporal function of Ezh2 between the CNCC- and PM-derived bone formation in vivo remains undefined. Here, using a temporally-inducible conditional deletion of Ezh2 in both the CNCC- and PM- derived cranial mesenchyme between E8.5 and E9.5, we find a reduction of the CNCC-derived calvarial bones and a near complete loss of the PM-derived calvarial bones due to an arrest in calvarial bone fate commitment. In contrast, deletion of Ezh2 after E9.5 permits PM-derived skull bone development, suggesting that Ezh2 is required early to guide calvarial bone progenitor commitment. Furthermore, exposure to all-trans Retinoic acid at E10.0 can mimic the Ezh2 mutant calvarial phenotype, and administration of the pan retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist, BMS-453, to Ezh2 mutants partially restores the commitment to the calvarial bone lineage and PM-derived bone development in vivo. Exogenous RA signaling activation in the Ezh2 mutants leads to synergistic activation of the anti-osteogenic factors in the cranial mesenchyme in vivo. Thus, RA signaling and EZH2 can function in parallel to guide calvarial bone progenitor commitment by balancing the suppression of anti-osteogenic factors.
Bariatric Surgery is Associated With Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer in Both Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women.

MiniWe examined risk of breast cancer among 17,998 women who had bariatric surgery and 53,889 women matched on body mass index with no surgery. We found bariatric surgery was associated with a reduced risk of both premenopausal [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.94] and
Whole Pulses and Pulse Fiber: Modulating Gastrointestinal Function and the Microbiome

Pulses are nutrient-dense foods that are high in dietary fiber. Although intakes are low for those populations consuming a Western diet, some traditional diets in parts of South America and Africa provide higher intakes of pulses. Pulses, given their high fiber content, would be expected to modulate gastrointestinal function. Research has demonstrated that the consumption of pulses and foods containing pulse fibers increases fecal weight which improves laxation. The effect of pulse and pulse fiber intake on stool frequency varies with the target population. Healthy young adults demonstrate little change, whereas patient populations, particularly those with infrequency, show increased stool frequency with pulse fiber intake. Whole pulses and pulse fibers provide non-digestible carbohydrate substrate for colonic fermentation, which contributes to gastrointestinal symptoms, especially flatulence, although reported symptoms are often mild. The provision of carbohydrate substrate (oligosaccharides, resistant start and non-starch polysaccharides) to the colonic microbiota may impact products of fermentation (e.g. acetate, propionate and butyrate) as well as the microbiota profile. Chickpea intake has been shown to have beneficial effects, specifically suppressing proteolytic bacteria while enhancing butyrate producers. Research is needed to explore the human health effects of pulse intake through the modulation of the microbiota and its metabolites.
Hexamaps for Visualizing Age-Period-Cohort Data Trends

Abstract Age-period-cohort (APC) analyses often reveal important insights into patterns of disease incidence and mortality such as cancer. Both visual and analytical APC tools are available to reveal patterns by age, period and cohort. While developing new analytical methods of APC data is an active area of research, the choices of visual tools specific to APC data has been limited. In this study, we propose a “hexamap” as a new APC specific data visualization tool. This tool uses hexagons to address the unique challenge of APC data visualization, that is cohort= period - age. The approach is further illustrated using alcohol related mortality. Flexible Open-Source functions for implementation in R is also provided.
Correction to: The rotation problem

The publication of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Table 4 was not correct; you can find the corrected table below.
Muscle area and density and risk of all-cause mortality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Abstract Background Lean muscle plays critical roles in physical functioning and metabolism. However, little is known regarding associations between muscle and mortality in adults. Objective The purpose was to evaluate associations between abdominal muscle quantity (area) and quality (density) with risk of all-cause mortality in a diverse cohort free of cardiovascular disease. Design Data were taken from the Abdominal Body Composition, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease ancillary study of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis prospective cohort study. Participants were adults (45–85 years) free of extant cardiovascular disease, and of Hispanic, African American, Chinese, or Caucasian descent. Of the original 6814 MESA participants, a random, representative sample (n = 1974) participated in the ancillary body composition study. Abdominal muscle area and density were measured from computed tomography scans spanning L2-L4. Muscle density was measured as attenuation in Hounsfield units, and area was quantified as cm2. Gender-stratified cox proportional hazard models assessed the risk of all-cause mortality across gender-specific quartiles of muscle area and density adjusting for confounders, with area and density entered simultaneously. Results At baseline, the mean age for men (n = 946) and women (n = 955) was 61.5 and 62.5 years and median follow-up time was 10.6 and 10.9 years, respectively. Muscle density was inversely associated with mortality, with the highest quartile of density showing a 73% reduction in risk for men (HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.14–0.51; p-trend Conclusions Greater abdominal muscle density, but not muscle area, is associated with markedly lower risk of all-cause mortality across a decade of follow up. Muscle quality may be a powerful predictor of mortality in community dwelling adults.
Renal Vascular Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory form of renal artery stenosis causing renovascular hypertension in children and younger adults. It is defined by pathognomonic angiographic and histologic findings. The pathogenesis of this disorder is unknown and evidence supports the likelihood of heterogeneous etiologies for this disorder. It is an important potentially curable form of renovascular hypertension. This chapter will discuss the epidemiology, clinical associations, and presentations of fibromuscular dysplasia and review treatment approaches and outcomes.
Parental mental health literacy and stigmatizing beliefs

This descriptive study examined parents’ knowledge of and attitudes about child and adolescent mental health, referred to here as parental mental health literacy (MHL). A sample of parents responde...
Influence of tranexamic acid use on venous thromboembolism risk in patients undergoing surgery for spine tumors

OBJECTIVE Patients with spine tumors are at increased risk for both hemorrhage and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been advanced as a potential intervention to reduce intraoperative blood loss in this surgical population, but many fear it is associated with increased VTE risk due to the hypercoagulability noted in malignancy. In this study, the authors aimed to 1) develop a clinical calculator for postoperative VTE risk in the population with spine tumors, and 2) investigate the association of intraoperative TXA use and postoperative VTE. METHODS A retrospective data set from a comprehensive cancer center was reviewed for adult patients treated for vertebral column tumors. Data were collected on surgery performed, patient demographics and medical comorbidities, VTE prophylaxis measures, and TXA use. TXA use was classified as high-dose (≥ 20 mg/kg) or low-dose (< 20 mg/kg). The primary study outcome was VTE occurrence prior to discharge. Secondary outcomes were deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for VTE and the resultant model was deployed as a web-based calculator. RESULTS Three hundred fifty patients were included. The mean patient age was 57 years, 53% of patients were male, and 67% of surgeries were performed for spinal metastases. TXA use was not associated with increased VTE (14.3% vs 10.1%, p = 0.37). After multivariable analysis, VTE was independently predicted by lower serum albumin (odds ratio [OR] 0.42 per g/dl, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.79, p = 0.007), larger mean corpuscular volume (OR 0.91 per fl, 95% CI 0.84-0.99, p = 0.035), and history of prior VTE (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.53-4.40, p < 0.001). Longer surgery duration approached significance and was included in the final model. Although TXA was not independently associated with the primary outcome of VTE, high-dose TXA use was associated with increased odds of both DVT and PE. The VTE model showed a fair fit of the data with an area under the curve of 0.77. CONCLUSIONS In the present cohort of patients treated for vertebral column tumors, TXA was not associated with increased VTE risk, although high-dose TXA (≥ 20 mg/kg) was associated with increased odds of DVT or PE. Additionally, the web-based clinical calculator of VTE risk presented here may prove useful in counseling patients preoperatively about their individualized VTE risk.
In vitro dynamic simulation of elbow motion

Elbow disorders are a common occurrence; however, our understandings of complex elbow dislocation and the functional anatomy of the elbow joint are still very limited. The efficacy of treatment strategies of this injury is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to create an active elbow simulator using a new paradigm, In vitro joint simulation driven by in vivo motion, to study how elbow injuries affect joint kinematics. The elbow simulator uses an open source program to calculate muscle-tendon lengths based on elbow joint angles. It then uses five actuators to pull cables attached at five muscle attachment points to create a realistic motion of a cadaver arm. By cutting certain tendons, injury can be simulated and kinematics can be compared to the intact arm. Thus, the effects of injuries and their treatments on elbow kinematics can be better understood.
Watson, Answer Me This: Will You Make Librarians Obsolete or Can I Use Free and Open Source Software and Cloud Computing to Ensure a Bright Future?

In February 2011, Watson, IBM’s “smart” computer, defeated two former Jeopardy champions. While the application of the technology may support some legal research functions, the current state of the technology probably will not allow Watson to replace law librarians in the near future. Yet, given the economic realities of our firms and institutions, librarians do need to consider technologies that may reduce the considerable cost associated with discovering and maintaining access to legal information. Free and open source software and systems and cloud-based initiatives may provide innovative approaches librarians should consider.
"Orthogonality" in Learning and Assessment.

This chapter proposes a simple framework, “orthogonality,” to help clarify what stakeholders think about learning in college, how we assess outcomes, and how clear assessment methods might help increase confidence in returns on investment.