cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of systems of shear bands in ductile metal with inclusions

We develop a method for numerical simulations of high strain-rate loading of mesoscale samples of ductile metal with inclusions. Because of its small-scale inhomogeneity, the composite material is prone to localized shear deformation (adiabatic shear bands). This method employs the Generalized Method of Cells of Paley and Aboudi [Mech. Materials, vol. 14, pp. 127–139, 1992] to ensure that the micro mechanical behavior of the metal and inclusions is reflected properly in the behavior of the composite at the mesoscale. To find the effective plastic strain rate when shear bands are present, we extend and apply the analytic and numerical analysis of shear bands of Glimm, Plohr, and Sharp [Mech. Materials, vol. 24, pp. 31–41, 1996]. Our tests of the method focus on the stress/strain response in uniaxial-strain flow, both compressive and tensile, of depleted uranium metal containing silicon carbide inclusions. We use the Preston-Tonks-Wallace viscoplasticity model [J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 211–220, 2003], w...
Social Group Work in Community Corrections

Abstract Criminal justice agencies are increasingly using cognitive restructuring groups in correctional programs because current research suggests they are effective in reducing violent recidivism. However, social group workers are not at the forefront of this important work. This paper discusses a unique collaboration between an urban probation department and a school of social work to develop cognitive restructuring groups for offenders. It illustrates an important opportunity for social group workers to reach people at-risk for committing violent crime in urban communities.
AGTSR: A Unique Gas Turbine Consortium

This paper discusses the nationwide impact of the Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research (AGTSR) consortium which supports the advanced development of land-based gas turbines for future power generation systems. In particular, the paper emphasizes the educational and research missions of AGTSR. The educational program consists of undergraduate fellowships and graduate-level industrial internships at sponsoring company sites. To date, AGTSR has placed twenty interns at some of the major gas turbine facilities throughout the United States. This experience motivates engineering students to pursue gas turbine careers and allows them to gain valuable hands-on experience in an industrial setting. The research arm of AGTSR nurtures collaborative R&D with universities and industry. All the research issues identified by AGTSR are defined by the Industry Review Board (IRB) which is made up of representatives from seven gas turbine/component manufacturers. AGTSR currently supports over thirty research projects covering research needs in the area of combustion, heat transfer, materials, aerodynamics, sensors, alternative fuels, and advanced cycles. This paper highlights the status of the AGTSR consortium and the feedback received from both industry and universities on the effectiveness and impact of the educational and research components of AGTSR.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Effect of Mechanical Disturbance on Median Dorsal Flight Muscle Development of Anastrepha suspensa

The six-stranded median dorsal flight muscle of 5-day-old Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at 26°C is most sensitive to shaking compared with pupae shaken at other ages. The muscle damage occurs during 10 sec of shaking at 300 rpm and is characterized by detachment from the cuticle at the posterior end and by shortening against the dorsal, anterior thoracic cuticle. The irreversible muscle damage causes the wings of some flies to droop and touch the substrate, whereas other flies appear normal. Such adults with damaged muscles cannot fly.
EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENY OF MID-CRETACEOUS (ALBIAN–CONIACIAN) BISERIAL PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA

In this paper we critically examine the biostratigraphy and systematics of late Albian–Coniacian biserial planktic foraminifera using measurements and qualitative observations from SEM and X-radiograph images of exquisitely preserved specimens from hemipelagic sediments of southeast Tanzania, augmented by analogous observations of selected Ocean Drilling Program samples and holotypes and paratypes of nearly all species. We document interspecific differences and intraspecific variability, and propose a revised phylogeny for Cretaceous biserial planktic foraminifera placed within a refined biostratigraphic framework. Taxonomic emendations are proposed for the genera Protoheterohelix Georgescu & Huber, 2009, and Planoheterohelix Georgescu & Huber, 2009, and for the species Pr. washitensis (Tappan, 1940), Pr. obscura Georgescu & Huber, 2009, Pl. moremani (Cushman, 1938), Pl. reussi (Cushman, 1938), and Laeviheterohelix reniformis (Marie, 1941). In addition, a neotype is designated for Pl. globulosa (Ehrenberg, 1840), and Pl. praenuttalli n. sp. is described. Biserial speciation events are recognized in the planktic foraminiferal Rotalipora cushmani Zone (latest Cenomanian), Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Zone (early Turonian), and at the Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica-Marginotruncana schneegansi zonal boundary (middle Turonian).
Neural mechanisms for hedonistic behavior.

Some neural mechanisms are described which interpret neurobiophysically the determination of the behavior of an individual by the maximizing of his satisfaction, or pleasure.
Design and Implement of SPWM Frequency Conversion Controller Based on AT89C52

An equal proportion arithmetic which is used to produce SPWM sigals of three phases is advanced,according to analysis of microcontroller interior components and SPWM principle,and is applied to control transducer for three phase AC asynchronous machine.It is indicated by experiments that the equal proportion arithmetic is valuable for transducer,in addition,it takes lower cost.
Performance of Qianyou 301(Hybrid Rice Variety) with Cold Tolerance in Different Ecological Areas in Guizhou

Qianyou 301 bred by Guizhou Rice Institute and released by Guizhou Committee of Crops Variety Examination in 2004,was tested in different areas at the elevations of 400～1200 meters in Guizhou during 2001～2006.The results showed that Qianyou 301 had the good cold tolerance and high-stable yield and the yields of most rice varieties dropped because of cold weather at the heading period,but the yield of Qianyou 301 increased on a large-scale because of its good cold tolerance in 2002.The normal and most highest yield was 8.0 t/ha and 12.7 t/ha respectively,and its F1 yield was about 3.0 t/ha.
Evaluation of dermoscopic features for distinguishing melanoma from special site nevi of the breast

Background Nevi of special sites display aberrant clinical and histologic features that can be difficult to distinguish from melanoma, leading to unnecessarily high rates of excision with poor cosmetic or functional results. Dermoscopy can improve clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions by visualizing morphologic structures beyond the epidermis. Objective We sought to assess the value of specific dermoscopic features for diagnosing melanocytic neoplasms arising on the breast area in females. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we collected clinical and dermoscopic information for 104 nevi and 13 melanomas removed from the breast, chest, and areola, and evaluated the diagnostic performance of each dermoscopic feature. Results Melanomas from the breast area were larger ( P = .0175) than nevi and occurred in older women ( P = .0117). Irregular blotches, nonuniform radial streaks, blue-gray veil, and regression were highly specific for melanoma, whereas atypical network and irregular dots and globules had low to moderate specificity. Limitations This study was retrospective with a small sample size. Conclusion Compared to melanocytic neoplasms from other sites, atypical network and irregular dots and globules were poor indicators for breast melanoma. Irregular blotches, nonuniform radial streaks, blue-gray veil, and regression were highly specific and should heighten clinical suspicion for melanoma arising on the breast.
Postscript: The Study of Error

This first cluster of essays stages out a study of error that has occupied much of my career, one initiated (at least in print) by the CCC essay that carries the name. Why error? The quick answer is that at the end of my graduate career, I was interested in how “everyday” and “ordinary” language (and “everyday and ordinary people” ) could serve the projects of serious, critical thought. I was reading Raymond Williams and Victorian novels, and I was reading and teaching Robert Frost and Richard Poirier on Frost. I was interested in how ordinary language could serve complex and revisionary intellectual projects, and Freshman English seemed like just about the most interesting place a person could be with interests like that.
An Empirical Study of Mnemonic Sentence-based Password Generation Strategies

Mnemonic strategy has been recommended to help users generate secure and memorable passwords. We evaluated the security of $6$ mnemonic strategy variants in a series of online studies involving $5,484$ participants. In addition to applying the standard method of using guess numbers or similar metrics to compare the generated passwords, we also measured the frequencies of the most commonly chosen sentences as well as the resulting passwords. While metrics similar to guess numbers suggested that all variants provided highly secure passwords, statistical metrics told a different story. In particular, differences in the exact instructions had a tremendous impact on the security level of the resulting passwords. We examined the mental workload and memorability of 2 mnemonic strategy variants in another online study with $752$ participants. Although perceived workloads for the mnemonic strategy variants were higher than that for the control group where no strategy is required, no significant reduction in password recall after $1$ week was obtained.
Microbiological effect of mupirocin and chlorhexidine for Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in community and nursing home based adults.

Abstract Objective To compare the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic Gram-negative rods (GNR) in the anterior nares, posterior pharynx and three skin sites in community-based adults and nursing home-based adults before and after treatment with nasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine. Methods S. aureus -colonized adults were recruited from the community ( n =26) and from nursing homes ( n =8). Eligible participants were cultured for S. aureus and GNR during two study visits and then received intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine for 5days, with a 2-month follow-up period. Results After decolonization, we found sustained decreases of S. aureus colonization in nose, throat and skin sites over 4–8weeks in both populations. Intranasal mupirocin did not increase GNR colonization in nose or throat. Chlorhexidine did not decrease GNR colonization in skin sites. Conclusions Decolonization with mupirocin and chlorhexidine leads to a sustained effect on S. aureus colonization without affecting GNR colonization.
The impact of multiple layering on internal wave transmission

Given the ubiquity of layering in environmental stratifications, an interesting example being double-diffusive staircase structures in the Arctic Ocean, we present the results of a joint theoretical and laboratory experimental study investigating the impact of multiple layering on internal wave propagation. We first present results for a simplified model that demonstrates the non-trivial impact of multiple layering. Thereafter, utilizing a weakly viscous linear model that can handle arbitrary vertical stratifications, we perform a comparison of theory with experiments. We conclude by applying this model to a case study of a staircase stratification profile obtained from the Arctic Ocean, finding a rich landscape of transmission behaviour.
Culture in acculturation: Refugee youth’s schooling experiences in international schools in New York City

Abstract As the number of refugee children and youth across the world continues to grow at an alarming rate, the needs of refugee populations require more and sustained attention. This qualitative study explores the specific academic and socio-emotional needs of refugee students in New York City (NYC), a city that has received refugees and asylum seekers from over 50 countries. Using qualitative research methods and drawing on the literature on refugee students’ school experiences and acculturation theory, in this article we ask how refugee students describe the key features of international high schools that foster students’ academic success, social and cultural integration, and academic well-being. Moreover, we examine how the notion of culture itself can interfere with these efforts.
Glial Draper rescues Aβ toxicity in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's Disease

Pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer9s disease (AD) include amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and reactive gliosis. Glial cells offer protection against AD by engulfing extracellular Aβ peptides, but the repertoire of molecules required for glial recognition and destruction of Aβ are still unclear. Here, we show that the highly conserved glial engulfment receptor Draper/MEGF10 provides neuroprotection in an AD model of Drosophila (both sexes). Neuronal expression of human Aβ42 arc in adult flies results in robust Aβ accumulation, neurodegeneration, locomotor dysfunction, and reduced lifespan. Notably, all of these phenotypes are more severe in draper mutant animals, while enhanced expression of glial Draper reverses Aβ accumulation, as well as behavioral phenotypes. We also show that the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat92E), c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)/AP-1 signaling, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (Mmp1) are activated downstream of Draper in glia in response to Aβ42 arc exposure. Furthermore, Aβ42-induced upregulation of the phagolysosomal markers Atg8 and p62 was notably reduced in draper mutant flies. Based on our findings, we propose that glia clear neurotoxic Aβ peptides in the AD model Drosophila brain through a Draper/STAT92E/JNK cascade that may be coupled to protein degradation pathways such as autophagy or more traditional phagolysosomal destruction methods. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alzheimer9s disease (AD) and similar dementias are common incurable neurodegenerative disorders in the aging population. As the primary immune responders in the brain, glial cells are implicated as key players in the onset and progression of AD and related disorders. Here we show that the glial engulfment receptor Draper is protective in a Drosophila model of AD, reducing levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, reversing locomotor defects, and extending lifespan. We further show that protein degradation pathways are induced downstream of Draper in AD model flies, supporting a model in which glia engulf and destroy Aβ peptides to reduce amyloid-associated toxicity.
Old Norse Nicknames: Origins and Terminology

Nicknames, which occur in all cultures and time periods, play a unique role in highlighting identity. The pool of first names has always been relatively limited, thus most people were identified by...
Measures of Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis

In educational research, test scores are often summarized as if they emerge from a normal distribution. Such a distribution can be described by two parameters: the center (measured by the mean) and dispersion (measured by the variance or standard deviation). This article summarizes the most commonly used measures of dispersion: several types of range statistics, standard deviation, variance, and median absolute deviation. Their strengths and limitations are discussed. Two additional concepts – skewness and kurtosis – are discussed as a way to test normality of the distribution, as well as to describe departures from normality.
Comparing Student Success and Understanding in Introductory Statistics under Consensus and Simulation-Based Curricula.

This study examines the transferability of results from previous studies of simulation-based curriculum in introductory statistics using data from 3,500 students enrolled in an introductory statistics course at Montana State University from fall 2013 through spring 2016. During this time, four different curricula, a traditional curriculum and three simulation-based curricula, were used. Student success rates and understanding of six key statistical concepts are compared among these curricula using mixed logistic regression. Results indicate that after controlling for salient covariates, differences in student success rates are minimal while student understanding under the simulation-based curricula are similar to or better than student understanding under the traditional curriculum suggesting simulation-based curricula may help increase student understanding of several key statistical concepts. First published May 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Estranged in Their Own Land: Real and Imagined White Marginality in the Era of Trump

The US presidential election of 2016 shocked the world. News outlets argued it was a mobilization of white working-class voters, feeling economically left out, that carried Donald Trump to the White House. Make America Great Again conjured an America where peace, prosperity, safety, and white identity were revered. This chapter explores how poor whites have been duped, once again, into aligning themselves with rich white elites in an effort to fortify white power structures at the expense of Black and Brown folks (and unknowingly poor whites themselves), and to reimagine an America devoid of conflicts of color, while portraying an illusion of meritocracy. Therefore, how does the US deal with the real or perceived grievances of working-class whites, in a landscape where neoliberal economics and globalization have created a new racial and socioeconomic caste system throughout the world?
Risking together: how finance is dominating everyday life in Australia, by Dick Bryan and Mike Rafferty

It is by now common sense that developed economies are characterized by growing and extreme inequality (Stiglitz 2013, Piketty 2014). Dick Bryan and Michael Rafferty offer a provocative caveat in R...
Interference and transmission of spatiotemporally locally forced internal waves in non-uniform stratifications

Studies of the effects of constructive or destructive interference on the transmission of internal waves through non-uniform stratifications have typically been performed for internal wave fields that are spatiotemporally harmonic. To understand the impacts of spatiotemporal localization, we present a theoretical and experimental study of the transmission of two-dimensional internal waves that are generated by a boundary forcing that is localized in both space and time. The model analysis reveals that sufficient localization leads to the disappearance of transmission peaks and troughs that would otherwise be present for a harmonic forcing. The corresponding laboratory experiments that we perform provide clear demonstration of this effect. Based on the group velocity and angle of propagation of the internal waves, a practical criterion that assesses when the transmission peaks or troughs are evident is obtained.
Interrupting Teachers’ Assumptions about English Learners through Literature Discussion

Although classrooms across the United States continue to become more diverse, teachers are often underprepared to support the learning of immigrant students and students labeled as English learners...
Type-II AlInN/ZnGeN2 quantum wells for ultraviolet laser diodes

We propose a type-II AlInN/ZnGeN2 quantum well (QW) structure serving as the active region for ultraviolet (UV) laser diodes. A remarkably low threshold current density can be achieved using the type-II AlInN/ZnGeN2 QW structure, providing a pathway for the realization of electrically-driven nitride-based semiconductor UV laser diodes. ZnGeN2 has both a very similar lattice constant and bandgap to GaN. Its large band offsets with GaN enable the potential of serving as a hole confinement layer to increase the electron-hole wavefunction overlap in the active region. In this study, we investigate the spontaneous emission and gain properties of type-II AlInN/ZnGeN2 QWs with different ZnGeN2 layer thicknesses. Our findings show that the use of ZnGeN2 layers in the active region provides a significant improvement in hole carrier confinement, which results in ∼5 times enhancement of the electron-hole wave function overlap. Such an enhancement provides the ability to achieve a significant increase (∼6 times) in the spontaneous emission rate and material gain, along with a remarkable reduction in threshold carrier density compared to the conventional AlGaN-based QW design, which is essential for practical UV laser diodes.
Using dry pyrolysis to understand crude oil production characteristics and calculate tortuosity in unconventional shales

Abstract In situ fractionation in shales means differential movement of the light versus heavy components of the crude oil in the shale formation. This can be due to multiple phenomenon like molecular sieving, varying diffusion coefficients for different hydrocarbon components and multi-component adsorption all acting simultaneously. Many companies have reported change in composition of produced fluid with time. Insitu fractionation is important because it has strong implications on EOR, both selecting the timing of EOR, and the solvent for EOR. Additionally, simulators for history matching, prediction and optimizing well spacing, must account for this effect. Earlier studies have proved the occurrence of the insitu fractionation both experimentally using GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and theoretically using molecular dynamic simulations. However, cores are available in limited number of wells and, tools and measurements required to understand insitu fractionation are both time consuming and very expensive. We have found that dry pyrolysis can be used to effectively study insitu fractionation, the advantage being it is cheap and fast. The same experiment can be used to calculate effective diffusion coefficient and tortuosity. The study was done on samples from Berea sandstone, and Eagle Ford and Wolfcamp shales covering a wide range of petrophysical properties. The point source solution of the diffusivity equation was used to back out the effective diffusion coefficients. The effective diffusion coefficients determined for Berea, Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford samples were 5.38E-11 m2/s, 2.61E-11 m2/s and 5.35E-12 m2/s, respectively. These coefficients were then used to calculate the tortuosity of the samples which were validated by the resistivity measurements. The tortuosity values for the Berea, Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford samples were determined to be 3.1, 3.4 and 7.1, respectively. Tortuosity and diffusion coefficients are of paramount importance especially given the fact that permeability measurements in shales are unreliable and Knudsen diffusion and ordinary diffusion have to be integrated with Darcy flow to model production behavior in shales.
Biological diversity in an Islamic archaeological population: A radiogenic strontium isotope and craniometric analysis of affinity in Ottoman Romania

OBJECTIVES Written accounts, as well as a previous craniometric study, indicate that migrations of non-Europeans and conversions of Europeans to Islam define Ottoman communities in Early Modern Europe. What is less clear are the roles of migration and admixture in generating intra-communal variation. This study combines craniometric with strontium isotope data to compare the cranial affinities of locally born and immigrant individuals. We predict that locally born individuals are more likely than non-locals to show evidence of admixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiogenic strontium isotope data for 21 Ottomans were compared against archaeological faunal values. Sixteen individuals with intact crania were also measured and compared against two comparative source populations from Anatolia and Europe. Discriminant function analysis assigned unclassified Ottoans to either comparative group based on typicality probabilities, with potential admixture established via intermediate morphology between the two source populations. RESULTS Strontium isotope values revealed relatively high proportions of non-locals, consistent with high mobility documented historically. The sexes differed, with more males classifying as "typically Anatolian" than females. Locals and non-locals also had different cranial affinity patterns, with most classifying either as "typically Anatolian" or "typically European." Contrary to expectation, none of the locals were identified as intermediate, suggesting admixture rates were relatively low. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with historical records, the results revealed high levels of extra-regional migration, with most individuals identifiable as either typically Anatolian or European. Moreover, locals and non-locals differed craniometrically, with no signs of admixture between Anatolian migrants and European converts in locals. This suggests intra-communal divisions were maintained.
A new species and emendation of the seldom reported Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940 (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea), including a revised phylogenetic hypothesis for turtle blood flukes

Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940 is emended herein based upon a review of the literature and a description of a new species (Enterohaematotrema triettruongi n. sp.) infecting yellow-headed temple turtles, Heosemys annandalii (Boulenger) (Cryptodira: Geoemydidae), in the Mekong River, Vietnam. The new species differs from the published descriptions of its congeners Enterohaematotrema palaeorticum Mehra, 1940 and Enterohaematotrema hepaticum (Simha, 1958) Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 by having two distinctive oesophageal glands, a short and eversible cirrus (vs protrusive with 3 distinct processes), a dorsal common genital pore that is sinistral (vs ventral and medial), a transverse (vs longitudinal) external seminal vesicle, an oviducal seminal receptacle that is sinistral (vs dextral), and a vitellarium distributing from the caecal bifurcation (anterior to the ventral sucker) to the caecal tips (vs vitellarium not extending anteriad beyond ventral sucker in E. palaeorticum or vitellarium wholly posterior to the terminal genitalia in E. hepaticum). A phylogenetic analysis of the D1-D3 domains of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S) recovered Enterohaematotrema and Platt Roberts & Bullard, 2016 as sister taxa that share a recent common ancestor with the clade comprising Ruavermis Dutton & Bullard, 2020 and Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933. These flukes collectively comprise a monophyletic group of southeast Asian turtle blood flukes. This analysis also indicated that the massive, longitudinal metraterm of species of Enterohaematotrema and Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994 represents homoplasy (convergent evolution). The present study comprises the first morphological study of original specimens of any species of Enterohematotrema in more than 50 years and is the first molecular phylogenetic placement of the genus among the various turtle blood fluke lineages.
A benzimidazole inhibitor attenuates sterile inflammation induced in a model of systemic autoinflammation in female mice

Sterile stimuli can trigger inflammatory responses, and in some cases can lead to a variety of acute or chronic diseases. In this study, we hypothesize that a benzimidazole inhibitor may be used as a therapeutic in the treatment of sterile inflammation. In vitro, this inhibitor blocks TLR signalling and inflammatory responses. The benzimidazole inhibitor does not prevent mouse macrophage activation after stimulation with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD, also known as pristane), a hydrocarbon oil that mimics features of sterile inflammation when injected in vivo. However, C57BL/6J female mice treated with the benzimidazole inhibitor exhibited a significant reduction of pristane-dependent induction of splenocyte number and weight. Conversely, no significant difference was observed in males. Using mass spectrometry, we found that the urine of pristane-injected mice contained increased levels of putative markers for several inflammatory diseases, which were reduced by the benzimidazole inhibitor. To study the mechanism, we showed that pristane-injected mice had increased cell free DNA in serum, which was not impacted by inhibitor treatment. However, chemokine release (e.g. MCP-1, RANTES and TARC) was significantly reduced in inhibitor-treated mice. Thus, the benzimidazole inhibitor might be used as a new drug to block the recruitment of immune cells during sterile inflammatory diseases in humans.
D-graph clusters flaviviruses and β-coronaviruses according to their hosts, disease type and human cell receptors

Abstract Motivation There is a need for rapid and easy to use, alignment free methods to cluster large groups of protein sequence data. Commonly used phylogenetic trees based on alignments can be used to visualize only a limited number of protein sequences. DGraph, introduced here, is a dynamic programming application developed to generate 2D-maps based on similarity scores for sequences. The program automatically calculates and graphically displays property distance (PD) scores based on physico-chemical property (PCP) similarities from an unaligned list of FASTA files. Such “PD-graphs” show the interrelatedness of the sequences, whereby clusters can reveal deeper connectivities. Results PD-Graphs generated for flavivirus (FV), enterovirus (EV), and coronavirus (CoV) sequences from complete polyproteins or individual proteins are consistent with biological data on vector types, hosts, cellular receptors and disease phenotypes. PD-graphs separate the tick- from the mosquito-borne FV, clusters viruses that infect bats, camels, seabirds and humans separately and the clusters correlate with disease phenotype. The PD method segregates the β-CoV spike proteins of SARS, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS sequences from other human pathogenic CoV, with clustering consistent with cellular receptor usage. The graphs also suggest evolutionary relationships that may be difficult to determine with conventional bootstrapping methods that require postulating an ancestral sequence. Availability and implementation DGraph is written in Java, compatible with the Java 5 runtime or newer. Source code and executable is available from the GitHub website (https://github.com/bjmnbraun/DGraph/releases). Documentation for installation and use of the software is available from the Readme.md file at (https://github.com/bjmnbraun/DGraph). Contact bjmnbraun@gmail.com or webraun@utmb.edu Supplementary information Supplementary information Table S1 and Fig. S1 are online available.
How to Boost the Impact of Scientific Conferences

We can maximize the impact of scientific conferences by uploading all conference presentations, posters, and abstracts to highly trafficked public repositories for each content type. Talks can be hosted on sites like YouTube and Youku, posters can be published on Figshare, and papers and abstracts can become open access preprints.
Theoretischer Bezug und Stand der Forschung

Im Vordergrund dieser Arbeit steht die Analyse der Alterssicherung von Beschaftigten in Deutschland vor dem Hintergrund der Veranderung von Erwerbsverlauf und Altersubergang. Entsprechend dieser drei behandelten Aspekte gliedert sich dieses Kapitel zum theoretischen Bezug und Stand der Forschung in drei Teile: Im ersten Teil wird die Veranderung der Erwerbsverlaufe dargestellt (Kapitel 1.1). Dabei wird einerseits der theoretische Bezug zur Lebensverlaufsforschung hergestellt, andererseits auch empirische Befunde zur Veranderung der Erwerbsverlaufe in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil wird der Altersubergang – aufgrund der herausgehobenen Bedeutung fur die Alterssicherung – als eigenstandige Phase des Erwerbsverlaufs naher beleuchtet (Kapitel 1.2).
Advocacy Through Social Media: Exploring Student Engagement in Addressing Social Issues

Social media have become ubiquitous and are seen as beneficial to society. Although the use of social media for educational purposes has been the subject of recent research, not much is known about their role in higher education civic engagement. Employing critical discourse analysis, this study explored the function of social media as a tool to promote the civic engagement of students through advocacy focused on identified social issues. Findings of this qualitative research are discussed as themes pertaining to the challenges of advocacy, the relative importance of advocacy processes, and the function of social media infrastructure. The authors also discuss the implications for pedagogy and for research in the area of technology-mediated, issue-focused advocacy by university students.
A 0.78mW/cm 2 autonomous thermoelectric energy-harvester for biomedical sensors

A thin-film array-based thermoelectric energy-harvester (TEH) is assembled in a 0.83cm2 footprint and attached to a power management unit integrated in 65nm CMOS. A single-inductor topology with analog maximum-power-point tracking leads to a 68% peak end-to-end efficiency and <20ms tracking time. A 645μW regulated output power (effective 3.5K) is harvested in-vivo from a rat implanted with our TEH, to demonstrate true energy autonomy in real environment while achieving a 7.9x improvement in regulated power density. The autonomous operation is measured down to 65mV TEH input.
Cross Section and Critical Dimension Metrology in Dense High Aspect Ratio Patterns with CD‐SAXS

The continuing progress of sub‐65 nm patterning technologies highlights the critical need for high precision metrologies capable of characterizing dense, high aspect ratio patterns. We present data from small angle x‐ray scattering measurements of critical dimension and average pattern cross section of photoresist line/space patterns. The technique is non‐destructive and capable of sub‐nm precision in characterizing dimensions and sub‐degree precision in sidewall angle of patterns with regular periodicity. Moreover, the information enabling linewidth, pitch and sidewall angle determination are decoupled. Efforts to probe line edge roughness are also discussed. The technique is applicable to dense structures of arbitrary composition with dimensions of (10 to 500) nm, including lines, vias and contact holes and buried structures.
The Story of Benny "Kid" Paret: Cuban Boxers, the Cuban Revolution, and the U.S. Media, 1959–1962

This article examines the personal life history and professional boxing career of Afro-Cuban boxer Benny “Kid” Paret between 1959 and 1962. Paret died nine days after suffering a brutal beating in the ring at the hands of Emile Griffith, and this article focuses on the public discourse surrounding his death in the context of strained U.S.-Cuba relations, increased Cuban migration to the United States after 1959, and race and ethnic identity formation. Using major U.S. newspapers, magazines, and boxing periodicals as well as African-American and Spanish-language newspapers, this article contributes to a growing body of literature on Latino/as, race, and sport.
Culture of collaboration improves safety and efficiency at Travis Perkins: Company-wide engagement proves a winner for business, colleagues and customers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to detail the award-winning approach to achieving gold-standard safety and efficiency used by the Travis Perkins Group, a UK chain of builders’ merchant and do-it-yourself stores. Design/methodology/approach – This paper focuses on company culture, teamwork, management style, communication, recruitment and training procedures. Findings – The authors describe how implementing a company-wide culture of collaboration and engagement with business goals has directly affected both safety and efficiency, including a number of success stories detailing how employee contributions have resulted in practical solutions to challenges. It has also resulted in the group’s building–trade supplier subsidiary company Travis Perkins, achieving gold level in Transport for London’s fleet-operator recognition scheme. Practical implications – This paper shows the positive and company-wide implications of fostering an inclusive, collaborative environment for employees. Social implications – The key role management plays in fostering employee engagement and the value of listening to, and acting on, employee feedback have been highlighted. Originality/value – A number of HR practices that aid communication and motivation among employees have been explained. This paper shows that strong training and communication processes have a positive effect on employee motivation and work ethic, leading workers at all levels to contribute ideas and feedback that, in multiple cases, have led to changes in procedures that positively affect workers, customers and profitability.
Superconductive Devices and Materials

This chapter discusses some of the applications of superconductivity. After a brief review, the wave function for a condensed phase of Cooper pairs is introduced and used to discuss the Josephson effects. The physics of the DC and AC Josephson effects is developed, and current-voltage plots are described as preparation for a treatment of the effect of electromagnetic radiation on Josephson junctions. Quantization of magnetic flux in a superconducting ring leads to the idea of superconducting quantum interference and devices (DC SQUIDs) based thereon. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of superconducting materials, with emphasis on the factors determining the magnitudes of the transition temperature, the critical magnetic field, and, briefly, the critical current density.
Governor: Autonomic Throttling for Aggressive Idle Resource Scavenging

Scavenging (or resource borrowing) is a common approach used to harness unused resources to perform useful calculations. Since these are volunteer contributions from resource owners, it is vital to reduce the impact of scavenging activities on their native workload to a minimum. To this end, existing impact control systems are either overly conservative in stopping scavenging altogether or inflexible and lack user autonomy to regulate resource usage as in some priority-based techniques. In this paper, we propose a systematic impact control framework for resource scavenging, by quantifying the performance impact a scavenging application incurs on a set of tasks stressing different system resources. For a user-configurable impact threshold, the framework monitors the native workload, determines the dominating native task, and autonomically and adaptively throttles the scavenging application, to bring the impact below target levels. This novel approach has unique benefits of 1) making impact control explicit to resource owners and an easy-to-tune "knob" and 2) adapting to different scavenging applications and native workloads. Our experiments with two scavenging applications, which use resources in very different ways, demonstrate that this framework allows both more aggressive resource scavenging and less impact on native workloads at the same time, compared to a priority-based method. Finally, the framework itself is a lightweight user-level process whose monitoring overhead on native workloads averages as low as 1%
NEW PETROGRAPHIC EVIDENCE PERTAINING TO CERAMIC PRODUCTION AND IMPORTATION AT THE OLMEC SITE OF SAN LORENZO

This paper reports the results of petrographic analyses of 41 new pottery thin sections from San Lorenzo. The resulting compositional data provide an important new context for evaluating the disputed status of carved vessels previously identified as imports to the site. By comparing local and Oaxaca highlands pottery, the disputed vessels are shown to be (a) compositionally distinct from San Lorenzo pottery and (b) similar to highland pottery. San Lorenzo was not just an exporter but also an importer of pottery vessels, a finding relevant to consideration of San Lorenzo's role in the production and exchange of ceramics in Early Formative Mesoamerica.
Dynamic Acquisition and Retrieval Tool (DART) for Comet Sample Return : Session: 2.06.Robotic Mobility and Sample Acquisition Systems

The 2011 Decadal Survey for planetary science released by the National Research Council of the National Academies identified Comet Surface Sample Return (CSSR) as one of five high priority potential New Frontiers-class missions in the next decade. The main objectives of the research described in this publication are: develop a concept for an end-to-end system for collecting and storing a comet sample to be returned to Earth; design, fabricate and test a prototype Dynamic Acquisition and Retrieval Tool (DART) capable of collecting 500 cc sample in a canister and eject the canister with a predetermined speed; identify a set of simulants with physical properties at room temperature that suitably match the physical properties of the comet surface as it would be sampled. We propose the use of a dart that would be launched from the spacecraft to impact and penetrate the comet surface. After collecting the sample, the sample canister would be ejected at a speed greater than the comet's escape velocity and captured by the spacecraft, packaged into a return capsule and returned to Earth. The dart would be composed of an inner tube or sample canister, an outer tube, a decelerator, a means of capturing and retaining the sample, and a mechanism to eject the canister with the sample for later rendezvous with the spacecraft. One of the significant unknowns is the physical properties of the comet surface. Based on new findings from the recent Deep Impact comet encounter mission, we have limited our search of solutions for sampling materials to materials with 10 to 100 kPa shear strength in loose or consolidated form. As the possible range of values for the comet surface temperature is also significantly different than room temperature and testing at conditions other than the room temperature can become resource intensive, we sought sample simulants with physical properties at room temperature similar to the expected physical properties of the comet surface material. The chosen DART configuration, the efforts to identify a test simulant and the properties of these simulants, and the results of the preliminary testing will be described in this paper.
Features of quantum control in the sudden regime

Although quantum dynamics in the sudden regime is generally not fully controllable, the simple dependence of the observable yield on the applied field enables efficient searches for a control and also admits generally many solutions. This flexibility allows for simultaneous optimization of ancillary objectives including the minimization of competing pathways throughout the control period. These features are illustrated with simple models and simulations.
Depressed sweating during exercise at altitude

1. 1.|Acute exposure to moderate (552 Torr, 73.6 kPa) and high (428 Torr, 57.1 kPa) altitude resulted in a decrease in the thermosensitivity of arm, chest and thigh sweating during light and moderate exercise. This effect was not accompanied by any change in the esophageal temperature threshold for sweating onset at any of the three sites. 2. 2.|Whole body wettedness was decreased an average of 23% at high altitude during light (40% VO2 peak) and moderate (60% VO2 peak) exercise. There was no change in mean weighted skin temperature at either moderate or high altitude.
Cataract Surgery in One Eye or Both: A Billion Dollar per Year Issue

Purpose: To measure the relative effect of cataract surgery in the second eye compared with the first eye on functional impairment, satisfaction, and vision problems. Methods: Seventy-five randomly selected ophthalmologists in three cities in the United States were enrolled in a National Study of Cataract Outcomes. They, in turn, referred eligible, sequential patients scheduled for first-eye cataract surgery. Interviews were conducted at enrollment, 4 months after first-eye surgery, and 12 months after first-eye surgery. An attempt was made to conduct a special, preoperative interview of those patients scheduled to undergo second-eye surgery before the 4-month interview. Each interview included administration of the VF-14 (a 14-item questionnaire that assessed visual function), as well as questions about symptoms possibly related to cataract, "trouble with vision," and satisfaction with vision. Results: Seven hundred seventy-two patients were enrolled in the study, and interview data to 12 months were obtained from 669 (86%) patients. Of these patients, 243 (36%) underwent cataract extraction in the second eye during the 12-month period of observation. Overall, subjects who underwent cataract surgery in both eyes during the 12-month period had 61% greater improvement in VF-14 score ( P P P Conclusions: Cataract surgery in the second eye of patients with bilateral cataract is associated with clinically and statistically significant improvement in functional impairment, trouble with vision, and satisfaction with vision.
Synthesis of aromatic dicarbaporphyrinoids from resorcinol and 2-methylresorcinol

Abstract 23-Carba-oxybenziporphyrins, a new group of dicarbaporphyrinoids, are easily prepared by reacting tripyrrane analogues derived from resorcinol or 2-methylresorcinol with an indene dialdehyde under MacDonald ‘3+1’ conditions.
In vitro methylation inhibits the promotor activity of a cloned intracisternal A-particle LTR

We studied the relation between LTR methylation and expression of the family of endogenous retrovirus-like elements related to mouse intracisternal A-particles (IAP). Comparative HpaII/MspI and HhaI restriction analysis of genomic DNA's showed that in cells and tissues with a low level of IAP gene expression, HpaII and HhaI sites within the 5' LTR were heavily methylated, while in cells abundantly expressing IAP's 20 to 30% of the 5' LTRs were demethylated at these sites. The effects of methylation on the promoter activity of a cloned IAP 5' LTR was studied directly, using the plasmid pMIA5' L-cat in which this LTR was linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. In vitro methylation of three HhaI sites located between -137 and -205 bp from the RNA start site of this LTR completely inactivated the promoter activity of pMIA5' L-cat transfected into COS7 cells. Methylation of a HpaII site located 94 bp downstream from the RNA start site reduced the promoter activity by 75%. The results show that methylation at sites both upstream and downstream from the RNA start site profoundly effects the promoter activity of this LTR and suggest that methylation within the 5' LTR can serve to regulate IAP gene expression in vivo.
DEFORMATION OF UNSTRUCTURED VISCOUS GRIDS

A mesh deformation algorithm for unstructured grids is presented. It is designed for high Reynolds number flow problems. Such grids are employed in aerodynamic and aeroelastic studies of wings or complete aircraft configurations in flows where the viscous effects are important. Given a surface deformation, the method efficiently recalculates new locations of high aspect ratio cells that make up the viscous layers of the grid and then deforms the inviscid part of the grid using an established method based on a torsional spring analogy technique. Results are presented for monitoring the deterioration of the quality of the grid during subsequent deformation steps for aeroelastic studies as well as to ensure the time efficiency of the method. Results for grid deformation of a 1.4 million cell AGARD 445.6 wing grid designed for flow at high Reynolds numbers due to typical deformations are also presented. Finally, a discussion of the parallelization performance and comparison of the running time of the mesh deformation algorithm to that used by the flow solver is made.