cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The comic war: Moliere and the quarrel of the School for wives

Ronald W. Tobin French Department University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 rwtobin@frit.ucsb.edu 490 words Dandrey, Patrick. La Guerre comique: Moliere et la querelle de L’Ecole des femmes. Paris: Herrmann, 2014. ISBN 978 2 7056 8955 1. Pp. Patrick Dandrey has taken great pains in this book to offer us all the elements of the polemic that surrounded and celebrated Moliere’s L’Ecole des femmes. This particular “querelle” is the most literary one imaginable because the devices used by both sides are plays or criticisms of plays. Indeed, one of Dandrey’s conclusions is that both La Critique de l’Ecole des femmes and L’Impromptu de Versailles are no longer to be considered as mere arrows in Moliere’s rhetorical quiver but as full-fledged comic texts in their own right: La Critique defines the new form of comedy and L’Impromptu shows how to stage it. To allow the readers of La Guerre comique to decide for themselves who wins the arguments, Dandrey gives full details of the lives and literary productions of Moliere’s opponents, distinguishing between, for example, the passionate (Montfleury) and the peaceable (Chevalier). In the process, Dandrey enlarges the circle of documents and plays that Georges Mongredien had presented in his magisterial La Querelle de L’Ecole des femmes in two volumes (Paris, 1971). In fact, Dandrey’s book is filled with quarrels of his own intention. He answers the
Złożoność biochemiczna. Emergencja czy projekt

It is the criticism of Michael Behe’s concept of irreducible complexity. Author believes that Behe presents a false dichotomy of possible explanations of the origin of biochemical complexity: Darwinism-intelligent design. According to the author, biochemical complexity may be also an outcome of self-organization. He presents arguments that it is indeed the case.
Rethinking US Security Commitment to Taiwan

Should the United States end its security commitment to Taiwan to avoid war with an increasingly powerful China? This chapter argues that accommodating China on Taiwan will increase—not decrease—the probability of conflict in East Asia. Drawing on IR theory, I analyze the five errors of accommodationist proposals—underestimation of structural pressures, mistaken assumption of China’s limited aims, damage to US alliance credibility, downplaying of Taiwan’s democratic and strategic values, and destruction of the delicate balance between deterrence and reassurance. Contrary to accommodationist arguments, ending US security commitment to Taiwan will not make Asia more peaceful but rather more dangerous. For US grand strategy toward Asia, Taiwan is an asset, not a liability.
Interpreting and Understanding Simulations: The Philosophy of Social Simulation

Simulations are usually directed at some version of the question: What is the relationship between the individual actor and the collective community? Among social scientists, this question generally falls under the topic of emergence. Sociological theorists and philosophers of science have developed sophisticated approaches to emergence, including the critical question: to what extent can emergent phenomena be reduced to explanations in terms of their components? Modelers often proceed without considering these issues; the risk is that one might develop a simulation that does not accurately reflect the observed empirical facts or one that implicitly sides with one side of a theoretical debate that remains unresolved. In this chapter, I provide some tips for those developing simulations, by drawing on a strong recent tradition of analyzing scientific explanation that is found primarily in the philosophy of science but also to some extent in sociology.
Magnetohydrodynamics of HEMP

Using the continuum mechanics approach, details are presented for solving the equations of magnetohydrodynamics in two space dimensions and time. The problem considers cylindrical symmetry, in that only the H θ component of a magnetic field is present. The problem is formulated so that the stress contributions resulting from a magnetic field are incorporated into the stress tensor of an elastic-plastic computer program. In addition to the Lorentz force and magnetic diffusion, thermal and radiation diffusion are also treated. Presented here is the magnetohydrodynamic portion of the HEMP program including thermal and radiation diffusion. Details of the calculations are given for the case where only the H θ component of an applied magnetic field, H, is included. The problem consists of developing a finite difference approximation to the double operator, ∇ × ∇ × V, where V is a vector function. The mathematical problem is similar to that for approximating the double operator, ∇ ∙ ∇ V, where V is a scalar function. For the problem at hand, V is the magnetic field, H and V is the temperature, T. It is seen from the vector identity $$\nabla \times \nabla \times H = \nabla (\nabla \cdot H) - \nabla \cdot \nabla H$$ that $$\nabla \times \nabla \times H = - \nabla \cdot \nabla H = - {\nabla ^2}H,$$ since $$\nabla \cdot H = 0.$$ % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!AMSLaTeX!
Algorithm for Optimal Triangulations in Scattered Data Representation and Implementation

Scattered data collected at sample points may be used to determine simple functions to best fit the data. An ideal choice for these simple functions is bivariate splines. Triangulation of the sample points creates partitions over which the bivariate splines may be defined. But the optimality of the approximation is dependent on the choice of triangulation. An algorithm, referred to as an Edge Swapping Algorithm, has been developed to transform an arbitrary triangulation of the sample points into an optimal triangulation for representation of the scattered data. A Matlab package has been completed that implements this algorithm for any triangulation on a given set of sample points.
Peripheral Prisms Improve Obstacle Detection during Simulated Walking for Patients with Left Hemispatial Neglect and Hemianopia.

SIGNIFICANCEThe first report on the use of peripheral prisms (p-prisms) for patients with left neglect and homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs).PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to investigate if patients with left hemispatial neglect and HVFDs benefit from p-prisms to expand the visual field
Agency Theory: An Historical Perspective

Theories develop over time and are influenced by both events and people. This manuscript explores the development of agency theory, beginning with the Industrial Revolution. As we note, agency theo...
Networked texts: discourse, power and gender neutrality in Ugandan physics textbooks

Research within science textbooks has dominantly focused on examining explicit representations of women and men using quantitative methodology. The assumption that gendered arrangements are necessa...
ACUTE CHEST PAIN EVALUATION USING CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY COMPARED TO STANDARD OF CARE: AN UPDATE OF META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) may have certain advantages compared to stress testing including greater accuracy in identifying obstructive coronary artery disease. We aimed at analyzing the benefits and disadvantages of CCTA versus other standard of care (SOC) approaches in
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals That α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus Simultaneously Forms Hexameric and Heptameric Complexes in Detergent Micelle Solutions.

Many soluble and membrane proteins form symmetrical homooligomeric complexes. However, determining the oligomeric state of protein complexes can be difficult. Alpha-hemolysin (αHL) from Staphylococcus aureus is a symmetrical homooligomeric protein toxin that forms transmembrane β-barrel pores in host cell membranes. The stable pore structure of αHL has also been exploited in vitro as a nanopore tool. Early structural experiments suggested αHL forms a hexameric pore, while more recent X-ray crystal structure and solution studies have identified a heptameric pore structure. Here, using native ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) we find that αHL simultaneously forms hexameric and heptameric oligomers in both tetraethylene glycol monooctyl ether (C8E4) and tetradecylphosphocholine (FOS-14) detergent solutions. We also analyze intact detergent micelle-embedded αHL porelike complexes by native IM-MS without the need to fully strip the detergent micelle, which can cause significant gas-phase unfolding. The highly congested native mass spectra are deconvolved using Fourier- and Gabor-transform (FT and GT) methods to determine charge states and detergent stoichiometry distributions. The intact αHL micelle complexes are found to contain oligomeric state-proportional numbers of detergent molecules. This evidence, combined with IM data and results from vacuum molecular dynamics simulations, is consistent with both the hexamer and the heptamer forming porelike complexes. The ability of αHL to form both oligomeric states simultaneously has implications for its use as a nanopore tool and its pore formation mechanism in vivo. This study also demonstrates more generally the power of FT and GT to deconvolve the charge state and stoichiometry distributions of polydisperse ions.
MULTIPLE KIDNEY RENINS ASSOCIATED WITH MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the occurrence of multiple renin forms or renin-like enzymes in the kidneys of a patient with malignant hypertension and compare the results with similar proteins isolated from cadaveric kidney tissue. The insignificant amount of renin activity observed with large-molecular-weight cadaveric tissue proteins and the relatively high renin activity seen with similar molecular weight fractions from the patient's renal tissue suggest that the activity of these renin-like proteins were in part responsible for the unique clinical feature of the patient. The chapter illustrates renin-like activity of several molecular weight fractions isolated from the patient's kidneys and cadaveric kidneys. Severe arterionephrosclerosis have induced the synthesis of these renin forms and precipitated polydypsia and malignant hypertension.
Environmental impacts and cost overrun derived from adjustments of a road construction project setting

Abstract Road infrastructure works are complex and important undertakings for the social and economic development of a country. They are based on studies that ensure the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of the work. These studies are the basis of the road executive project, which includes the projects that characterize the work to be performed. Road constructions can be considered as horizontally arranged, integrated and complementary activities, so that each of them establishes boundary conditions that affect all the others. Thus, modification of any part of the project changes the proposed scenario for the execution of the following work stages. Most executive road construction projects must be readjusted during the construction because of deficiencies and incomplete surveys and field studies. Those modifications extend the construction period of the road, alter the contractual value and the environmental impacts of the work. This paper investigates the environmental impacts, associated with the input and output flows, as well as the cost overruns of the construction of a road, considering the activities foreseen in the awarded project (scenario S1) and those executed by the construction company (scenario S2) using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The adjustments done in scenario S2 accounted for an average increase of 16% of the environmental impacts in relation to S1 impacts. The critical stages of those activities were clay mining, embankment construction, base construction, and paving. Although the clay and soil volume moved in the construction process was five-fold higher than the volume of aggregate material, the impacts of the exploration and processing of the rock aggregates were 27% higher. Comparing the costs of both S1 and S2 scenarios, the final contractual values of scenario S2 were average 30% higher than the scenario S1 projected costs. Specifically, the S2 costs of earthwork and paving stages were 45% and 11% higher than S1 respectively. The ground of cost overruns and delays during construction are forecasting errors for soil movement and usage of rock aggregates. The results also shown that LCA application after to completing the executive design of a road can help road designer and contractor during the decision-making processes, to anticipate the potential environmental impacts that road construction can produce, as well as predict the environmental effects of changes on the executive project.
BONE MARROW ADIPOSE TISSUE VOLUME INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATES WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE BURDEN AND MACE

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) promotes hematopoiesis/leukopoiesis and inflammation in humans. We've previously shown that BMAT independently predicts Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). Herein we hypothesize that BMAT associates with higher burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular
A high-throughput platform for feedback-controlled directed evolution.

Continuous directed evolution rapidly implements cycles of mutagenesis, selection, and replication to accelerate protein engineering. However, individual experiments are typically cumbersome, reagent-intensive, and require manual readjustment, limiting the number of evolutionary trajectories that can be explored. We report the design and validation of Phage-and-Robotics-Assisted Near-Continuous Evolution (PRANCE), an automation platform for the continuous directed evolution of biomolecules that enables real-time activitydependent reporter and absorbance monitoring of up to 96 parallel evolution experiments. We use this platform to characterize the evolutionary stochasticity of T7 RNA polymerase evolution, conserve precious reagents with miniaturized evolution volumes during evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and perform a massively parallel evolution of diverse candidate quadruplet tRNAs. Finally, we implement a feedback control system that autonomously modifies the selection strength in response to real-time fitness measurements. By addressing many of the limitations of previous methods within a single platform, PRANCE simultaneously enables multiplexed, miniaturized, and feedback-controlled continuous directed evolution.
Fracture characteristics of plain and welded 3-in.-thick aluminum alloy plate at various temperatures

The tensile, notch tensile, tear, and, in some cases, fracture-toughness properties (K Q and K 1 c , ksi √in.) have been evaluated for 3-in.-thick 5083-H321, 5086-H32, 6061-T651, and 7005-T6351 plain plate and gas metal arc (GMA) welds in 5083-H321 (5183 filler), 6061-T651 (4043 and 5356 fillers), and 7005-T6351 (5356 filler) with no subsequent thermal treatment. The tests were made in the longitudinal, long-transverse and short-transverse orientations for the plain plate and in the "cross-weld" orientation for the welded panels. The tests were made at room temperature and generally at - 100 and- 320°F. The fracture indexes, that is, notch-yield ratio and unit-propagation energy values, rank the plate and welds. The K Q and K 1 c values have been developed for the 6061-T651 and 7005-T6351 plate. For the relatively tough materials in this investigation, the notch-yield ratio versus K 1 c relationship was not useful in estimating K 1 c values. However, the unit-propagation energy values versus K 1 c relationship does appear to provide a satisfactory means of estimating K 1 c values. Estimates of K 1 c values for all the materials tested in this program have been made from this correlation.
E-Cigarette Use and Transition in Adult Smoking Frequency: A Longitudinal Study

Introduction The relationship between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking is the subject of ongoing debate. There is limited research on e-cigarette use and changes in the frequency of cigarette smoking. This study examines whether the frequency of e-cigarette use is associated with changes in cigarette smoking behavior among U.S. adults. Methods The study used data (n=20,558) from Waves 1 (2013–2014) and 2 (2014–2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, analyzed in 2019. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression assessed the association between e-cigarette use at Wave 1 and change in cigarette smoking frequency between Waves 1 and 2. Results Every day cigarette smokers who used e-cigarettes some days (OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.27, 2.98) and every day (OR=3.37, 95% CI=1.78, 6.36) in Wave 1 had significantly higher odds of switching to some days cigarette smoking in Wave 2. Every day smokers who used e-cigarettes every day in Wave 1 had higher odds of becoming former cigarette smokers in Wave 2. Likewise, e-cigarette use at baseline among former cigarette smokers was associated with higher odds of switching to some days cigarette smoking (experimental e-cigarette use: OR=5.43, 95% CI=2.13, 10.72; some days e-cigarette use: OR=4.78, 95% CI=2.13, 10.72). In addition, experimental smokers who were also some days e-cigarettes users in Wave 1 had significantly lower odds of switching to experimental former smokers. Conclusions Although e-cigarette use may reduce cigarette smoking frequency among continuing smokers, findings suggest that e-cigarette use may be associated with cigarette smoking relapse among former smokers.
Extracting the characteristics of life cycle assessments via data mining.

Abstract Life cycle assessments (LCAs) follow the ISO 14040 standard and consist of the following steps: 1) goal and scope definition, 2) life cycle inventory analysis, 3) life cycle impact assessment, and 4) interpretation. Prior literature reviews of wastewater treatment and water reuse LCAs have evaluated the methods implemented within these assessments. In lieu of manually tabulating the characteristic features of LCAs, Data Mining LCAs provides a method to facilitate the extraction of key characteristics. The process consists of the following: • Each journal article is converted to a text file and read in Python. • Search terms are defined for each characteristic of the LCA to be extracted. • By employing Python's regular expressions operations and the natural language toolkit (NLTK), the functional unit, life cycle impact characterization method, and the location of each case study are identified.
In Vitro Inactivation of Human Coronavirus by Titania Nanoparticle Coatings and UVC Radiation: Throwing Light on SARS-CoV-2

Abstract The newly identified pathogenic human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, led to an atypical pneumonia-like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, nearly 23 million cases have been confirmed worldwide with the highest COVID-19 cases been confirmed in the United States. As there is no vaccine or any effective interventions, massive efforts to create a postential vaccine to combat COVID-19 is underway. In the meantime, safety precautions and effective disease control strategies appear to be vital for preventing the virus spread in the public places. Due to the longevity of the virus on smooth surfaces, photocatalytic properties of self-disinfecting/cleaning surfaces appear to be a promising tool to help guide disinfection policies to control infectious SAR-CoV-2 spread in high-traffic areas such as hospitals, grocery stores, airports, schools, and stadiums. Here, we explored the photocatalytic properties of nanosized TiO2 (TNPs) as induced by the UV radiation, towards virus deactivation. Our preliminary results using close genetic relative of SAR-CoV-2, HCoV-NL63, showed the virucidal efficacy of photoactive TNPs deposited on glass coverslips, as examined by quantitative RT-PCR and virus culture assays. Efforts to extrapolate the underlying concepts described in this study to SARS-CoV-2 are currently underway.
Abstract 3532: Post-GWAS in lung cancer: From transcriptome-wide association to the DNA damageome by Integrative functional screens

We recently finished the largest transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis of the lung cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-nominated loci, which revealed 18 new candidate causal genes for lung cancer. The recent discovery of the DNA damageome proteins (DDPs) predicts that many GWAS/TWAS genes are driving cancer by DNA damage-promoting mechanisms. Here, we have screened all 18 candidates and validated the DDP activities for at least five of these genes. We also developed a series of single-cell assays to profile cancer-relevant properties and assign their cancer-driving roles to genome instability. Last, we have demonstrated a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent role of AQP3 overproduction-induced DNA damage, a pan-cancer mechanism. Methods: We measured endogenous DNA damage levels for all TWAS-nominated candidates using high-throughput single cell-based flow cytometric assays. Additional high-throughput single-cell assays were developed to quantify reactive oxygen species, replication fork stalling, and other DNA-related cancer properties, which allowed us to rapidly harvest functional information. Results: We screened 18 lung cancer TWAS-nominated genes for DNA damage in a lung cell line, and five showed increased DNA damage, including recently confirmed AQP3 overproduction, IREB2 knockdown, newly identified RNASET2 overproduction, TRIM38 knockdown, and JAML knockdown cells. None of these genes has been previously reported to be associated with DNA damage, prioritizing these lung cancer genes for further genome-destabilizing mechanistic studies. AQP3 overproduction promotes DNA damage in a variety of cell lines with different tissues of origin, including lung, kidney, and colon, supporting the hypothesis that DNA damage induced by AQP3 overproduction is universal. Moreover, we have shown that AQP3 overproduction causes high ROS at a level higher than 2mM H2O2 treatment, and ROS quencher N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) can reduce AQP3 overproduction-induced DNA damage, supporting the conclusion that AQP3 overproduction induces ROS-dependent DNA damage. Furthermore, additional functional dissections revealed a high replication fork-stalling phenotype for a previously uncharacterized lung cancer risk protein, KIAA0930, providing the first-ever functional annotation of this uncharacterized protein. Conclusions: We established a high-throughput functional validation platform that measures endogenous DNA damage and other cancer genome-related properties for lung cancer susceptibility genes. More importantly, the strategy for predicting DNA damageome genes and the functional validation platform are transferable to other cancers. Citation Format: Jun Xia, Zhuoyi Song, Chris Amos. Post-GWAS in lung cancer: From transcriptome-wide association to the DNA damageome by Integrative functional screens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3532.
Provider availability, disease burdens, and opioid prescriptions

Abstract We investigate the impact of healthcare resource availability on opioid prescribing rates. Utilizing healthcare provider shortage area (HPSA) scores, we show that fewer healthcare resources have higher opioid prescribing rates. However, more doctors per capita are associated with significantly higher opioid prescribing rates. This suggests that patients “doctor shop”, finding providers willing to prescribe opioids. It also suggests that part of the rural opioid epidemic is a function of healthcare resource availability. It implies that policies that incentivize care provided by non-prescribing healthcare workers, such as nurses, may alleviate some opioid issues in impoverished areas.
The Tibetan stem family in historical perspective

Despite decades of scholarly interest in the Tibetan marital practice of fraternal polyandry, very little is known about how the Tibetan family system operated in historical contexts. This study, b...
Abstract IA21: A systems approach to cancer prevention

Cancer prevention research and practice largely focus on three overlapping areas: precision prevention (e.g., genetic, social, and other factors specific to an individual patient), genetics, and health behaviors. All three of these envision the individual patient and her provider as the agents of change. A fourth realm of research and practice with potential to contribute to the primary prevention of cancers targets environmental and social factors over which the individual has little control, but governments, businesses, and communities do. These include environmental carcinogens in consumer products, workplaces, and air and water pollution. For example, flame retardants, dry cleaning solvents, formaldehyde, and diesel exhaust are widespread and often pose disproportionately high risks for people in low-income communities. Historically, laws and regulations have been the primary tools for controlling environmental and workplace contaminants, but despite important successes, significant cancer risks from pollution still occur. This presentation explores two questions based on our recent policy and program research: 1) What does systems analysis tell us about actions that impede and hold promise for reducing exposure to environmental carcinogens at the scale needed? 2) How might a systems approach inform the integration of environmental carcinogen reduction into cancer prevention research and practice? Particularly in the current political climate, system-level interventions that shift dominant narratives about cancer, prioritize interdisciplinary research, and harness market forces deserve prioritization. Citation Format: Polly J. Hoppin, David Kriebel, Molly Jacobs. A systems approach to cancer prevention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr IA21.
Secure Cloud Storage Migration

Cloud Storage is a cost-effective and agile platform for both users and businesses. Transferring data to and between Cloud Storage systems presents a vulnerability for the data. This paper proposes a method for securely migrating between Cloud Storage systems using Public Key Exchange and Cipher Block Chaining (CBC).
Cost-Effectiveness of High-intensity Training vs Conventional Therapy for Individuals With Subacute Stroke.

Abstract Objective This investigation estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of high-intensity training (HIT) compared with conventional physical therapy in individuals with subacute stroke, based on the additional personnel required to deliver the therapy. Design Secondary analysis from a pilot study and subsequent randomized controlled trial. Setting Outpatient laboratory setting. Participants Data were collected from individuals with locomotor impairments 1-6 months poststroke (N=44) who participated in HIT (n=27) or conventional physical therapy (n=17). Interventions Individuals performing HIT practiced walking tasks in variable contexts (stairs, overground, treadmill) while targeting up to 80% maximum heart rate reserve. Individuals performing conventional therapy practiced impairment-based and functional tasks at lower intensities ( Main Outcome Measures Costs were assessed based on personnel use with availability of similar equipment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were calculated for quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from the Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 questionnaire and gains in self-selected speeds (SSSs). Results Personnel costs were higher after HIT (mean, $1420±234) vs conventional therapy (mean, $1111±219), although between-group differences in QALYs (0.05 QALYs; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0-0.10 QALYs) and SSS (0.20 m/s; 95% CI, 0.05-0.35 m/s) favored HIT. ICERs were $6180 (95% CI, −$96,364 to $123,211) per QALY and $155 (95% CI, 38-242) for a 0.1 m/s gain in SSS. Conclusions Additional personnel to support HIT are relatively inexpensive but can add substantial effectiveness to subacute rehabilitation. Future research should evaluate patient factors that increase the likelihood of improvement to maximize the cost-effectiveness of treatment post stroke.
A Smartphone-Fluidic Digital Imaging Analysis System for Pancreatic Islet Mass Quantification.

Islet beta-cell viability, function, and mass are three decisive attributes that determine the efficacy of human islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Islet mass is commonly assessed manually, which often leads to error and bias. Digital imaging analysis (DIA) system has shown its potential as an alternative, but it has some associated limitations. In this study, a Smartphone-Fluidic Digital Imaging Analysis (SFDIA) System, which incorporates microfluidic techniques and Python-based video processing software, was developed for islet mass assessment. We quantified islets by tracking multiple moving islets in a microfluidic channel using the SFDIA system, and we achieved a relatively consistent result. The counts from the SFDIA and manual counting showed an average difference of 2.91 ± 1.50%. Furthermore, our software can analyze and extract key human islet mass parameters, including quantity, size, volume, IEq, morphology, and purity, which are not fully obtainable from traditional manual counting methods. Using SFDIA on a representative islet sample, we measured an average diameter of 99.88 ± 53.91 µm, an average circularity of 0.591 ± 0.133, and an average solidity of 0.853 ± 0.107. Via analysis of dithizone-stained islets using SFDIA, we found that a higher islet tissue percentage is associated with top-layer islets as opposed to middle-layer islets (0.735 ± 0.213 and 0.576 ± 0.223, respectively). Our results indicate that the SFDIA system can potentially be used as a multi-parameter islet mass assay that is superior in accuracy and consistency, when compared to conventional manual techniques.
TH‐EF‐BRB‐02: Combination of Multiple EPID Imager Layers Improves Image Quality and Tracking Performance of Low Contrast Objects

Purpose: We hypothesize that an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) consisting of multiple layers, each containing a scintillator coupled to amorphous silicon flat panel imager (AMFPI), increases photon detection efficiency, improving image quality and tracking accuracy of low contrast targets during radiotherapy. Methods: The prototype 4-layer imager evaluated in this study contained four individually programmable layers each with a copper-Gd₂O₂S scintillator coupled to an AMFPI with a complete set of readout electronics. The imager was placed on a Varian TrueBeam linac. A Las-Vegas phantom programmed with sinusoidal motion (Peak-to-peak amplitude=20cm, Period=3.5sec) was imaged at a frame rate of 10Hz with one to four layers activated (activation of only the top layer is equivalent to using a conventional EPID). Image quality was assessed by counting the number of visible circles, and computing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the least visible circle (depth=0.5mm, diameter=7mm). A previously validated tracking algorithm was employed for auto-tracking. Tracking error was defined as the difference between the programmed and tracked positions of the circle. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the CNR and tracking error was also computed. Results: Motion-induced EPID image blurring significantly reduced circle visibility. During one cycle of phantom motion, the number of visible circles ranged from 11–23, 13–24, 15–25, and 16–26 when imaged with one, two, three and four layer imagers, respectively. Compared with using only a single layer, combining 2, 3, and 4 layers increased the median CNR by factors of 1.19, 1.42, and 1.71, respectively and reduced the average tracking error from 3.32mm to 1.67mm to 1.47mm, and 0.74mm, respectively. Significant correlations (p∼10−9) were found between the tracking error and CNR. Conclusion: Combination of four amorphous silicon layers, instead of single layer, significantly improves the EPID image quality and tracking accuracy for a poorly visible object that replicates lung tumor radiotherapy conditions. The project described was supported, in part, by a grant from Varian Medical Systems, Inc., and Award No. R01CA188446-01 from the National Cancer Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.
Developing Risk Estimates for Toxic Air Pollutants through Probabilistic Risk Assessment

The Environmental Protection Agency has recently accelerated its efforts to determine the need to regulate toxic air pollutants. A key input in determining the need for regulation is the characterization of estimated public health risks. This paper examines some aspects of the feasibility of using probabilistic methods for this purpose.
Magnus and other forces on vortices in superfluids and superconductors

This is the text of a talk which is to be published in the proceedings of the Joint APCTP-ICTP conference (Seoul National University Korea, May 26th-30th 1997).
State-dependent utility maximization in Levy markets

We revisit Merton's portfolio optimization problem under boun- ded state-dependent utility functions, in a market driven by a Levy process Z extending results by Karatzas et. al. (8) and Kunita (11). The problem is solved using a dual variational problem as it is customarily done for non- Markovian models. One of the main features here is that the domain of the dual problem enjoys an explicit "parametrization", built on a multi- plicative optional decomposition for nonnegative supermartingales due to Follmer and Kramkov (2). As a key step in obtaining the representation result we prove a closure property for integrals with respect to Poisson random measures, a result of interest on its own that extends the analog property for integrals with respect to a fixed semimartingale due to Memin (13). In the case that (i) the Levy measureof Z is atomic with a finite number of atoms or that (ii) �St/S t− = �t#(�Zt) for a processand a deterministic function #, we explicitly characterize the admissible trading strategies and show that the dual solution is a risk-neutral local martingale. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary: 93E20, 60G51, secondary:
Serving the servants: An analysis of the music of Kurt Cobain

(1995). Serving the servants: An analysis of the music of Kurt Cobain. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 19, Grunge, Youth, and Communities of Alienation, pp. 87-102.
Enhancing the stiffness of collagen hydrogels for delivery of encapsulated chondrocytes to articular lesions for cartilage regeneration.

This study investigated a dual crosslinking paradigm, consisting of (a) photocrosslinking with Rose Bengal (RB) and green light followed by (b) chemical crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to enhance collagen gel stiffness. In group 1, 50 μL collagen constructs of 2% (w/v) type I collagen containing 10 μM RB were allowed to gel spontaneously at 37°C. In group 2, the spontaneous gels were exposed to green light (532 nm). In group 3, the photochemically crosslinked gels were subsequently treated with a 1-h exposure to 33 mM EDC/6 mM NHS. Samples (n = 18) were subjected to 0.08% (w/v) collagenase digestion, and the storage modulus of samples was measured by rheometry. Viability of encapsulated chondrocytes was measured by live/dead assay. Chondrocytes were ≥95% viable in all constructs at 10 days in vitro. Resistance to collagenase digestion increased as; spontaneous gels (2 h) 24 h). The storage modulus of dual-crosslinked constructs was increased 5-fold over both photocrosslinked and spontaneous gels. As the dual crosslinking paradigm did not reduce encapsulated chondrocyte viability, these crosslinked collagen hydrogels could be a useful tool for the practical delivery of encapsulated chondrocytes to articular defects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1332–1338, 2015.
Cyclic axial-torsional deformation behavior of a cobalt-base superalloy

The cyclic, high-temperature deformation behavior of a wrought cobalt-base super-alloy, Haynes 188, is investigated under combined axial and torsional loads. This is accomplished through the examination of hysteresis loops generated from a biaxial fatigue test program. A high-temperature axial, torsional, and combined axial-torsional fatigue database has been generated on Haynes 188 at 760 C. Cyclic loading tests have been conducted on uniform gage section tubular specimens in a servohydraulic axial-torsional test rig. Test control and data acquisition were accomplished with a minicomputer. The fatigue behavior of Haynes 188 at 760 C under axial, torsional, and combined axial-torsional loads and the monotonic and cyclic deformation behaviors under axial and torsional loads have been previously reported. In this paper, the cyclic hardening characteristics and typical hysteresis loops in the axial stress versus axial strain, shear stress ,versus engineering shear strain, axial strain versus engineering shear strain. and axial stress versus shear stress spaces are presented for cyclic in-phase and out-of-phase axial-torsional tests. For in-phase tests, three different values of the proportionality constant lambda (the ratio of engineering shear strain amplitude to axial strain amplitude, are examined, viz. 0.86, 1.73, and 3.46. In the out-of-phase tests, three different values of the phase angle, phi (between the axial and engineering shear strain waveforms), are studied, viz., 30, 60, and 90 degrees with lambda equals 1.73. The cyclic hardening behaviors of all the tests conducted on Haynes 188 at 760 C are evaluated using the von Mises equivalent stress-strain and the maximum shear stress-maximum engineering shear strain (Tresca) curves. Comparisons are also made between the hardening behaviors of cyclic axial, torsional, and combined in-phase (lambda = 1.73 and phi = 0) and out-of-phase (lambda = 1.73 and phi = 90') axial-torsional fatigue tests. These comparisons are accomplished through simple Ramberg-Osgood type stress-strain functions for cyclic, axial stress-strain and shear stress-engineering shear strain curves.
Method of pacing does not affect the recurrence of syncope in carotid sinus syndrome.

Introduction: Pacemaker therapy is effective in reducing recurrent syncope in patients with symptomatic carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH), yet the optimal pacing modality for this syndrome is not known. The objective of this study is to prospectively investigate the impact of three pacing methods (DDDR vs DDDR with sudden bradycardia response [SBR] vs VVI) on recurrent syncope and quality of life. Methods: Twenty-one patients with symptomatic CSH (syncope or near syncope) were randomized to VVI, DDDR, or DDDR with SBR on a double-blinded basis in a sequential crossover fashion with 6 months in each mode. The primary endpoints were recurrent events and quality of life (assessed by SF-36). The mean number of events and SF-36 scores were compared. Results: At baseline, over the preceding 6 months, there were a total of 29 syncopal events and 258 presyncopal events among 21 patients. Following pacing in any mode, the total number of these syncopal events reduced to two in two patients (P < 0.001) and 17 presyncopal events (P < 0.001) in 12 patients. The mean number of events was not significantly different between the three pacing methods. SF-36 scores revealed some minor benefits of DDDR pacing versus baseline in the categories, but no pacing method was found to be superior. Conclusions: The study was unable to confirm the initial study hypothesis of a superiority of one pacing modality over another. Quality of life measures allude to potential benefit from DDDR pacing alone. (PACE 2012;xx;1–7)
Paleoclimate of Mars as captured by the stratigraphic record in Gale Crater

A kilometers-thick sedimentary sequence in Gale Crater exhibits stratigraphic changes in lithology that are consistent with transitions in aqueous and climatic conditions purported to be global in scale. The sequence is divided into two formations, where the Lower formation exhibits a net transition in mineralogy from clay/sulfate to sulfate/oxide assemblages and is separated from the overlying Upper formation by an erosional unconformity. Superposition and crater counts suggest strata in the Lower formation lie along the Noachian-Hesperian time-stratigraphic boundary, whereas beds in the Upper formation, which lack signatures indicative of clay minerals or sulfates, are thinner, more regularly spaced, and clearly younger. The observed stratigraphic trends are consistent with the rocks at Gale Crater recording a global transition from a climate favorable to clay mineral formation to one more favorable to forming sulfates and other salts.
The sialic acids. XVI. Isolation of a mucin sialyltransferase from sheep submaxillary gland.

Abstract A sialyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of mucin from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid and sialidase-treated sheep submaxillary mucin has been isolated from sheep submaxillary glands. The partially purified transferase incorporated approximately 70% of the sialic acid cleaved from the mucin by sialidase. Kinetic studies showed that the approximate Km values were 1.9 mm for the sialidase-treated mucin (calculated in terms of the concentration of N-acetylgalactosamine acceptor sites), and 0.57 mm for the CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. No metal ion requirement could be demonstrated for the reaction. The purified enzyme could utilize CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid in place of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Active acceptors included polymers containing terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residues such as sialidase-treated mucins from the submaxillary glands of sheep, pig, and cow, as well as fetuin, a glycopeptide from milk, and erythrocyte hemagglutination inhibitor. Crude extracts contained an endogenous acceptor for sialic acid, which was separated from the sialyltransferase and partially characterized as an "incomplete" mucin. A tissue survey showed the presence of the sialyltransferase in extracts of submaxillary glands of sheep, pig, and cow, and each of the extracts was active with the mucins obtained from any of the species. The requirements for acceptor activity are discussed. The ovine submaxillary mucin synthesized by the purified enzyme was purified and characterized, and periodate oxidation studies showed that the sialic acid was linked to the N-acetylgalactosamine residue at C-6.
Outpatient microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization by a combined approach of laparoscopy and minilaparotomy

A prospective study of 17 cases of microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization by a combined approach of laparoscopy and minilaparotomy was performed. Inclusion criteria included age
Boundary layers of the earth's outer magnetosphere

The magnetospheric boundary layer and the plasma-sheet boundary layer are the primary boundary layers of the earth's outer magnetosphere. Recent satellite observations indicate that they provide for more than 50 percent of the plasma and energy transport in the outer magnetosphere although they constitute less than 5 percent by volume. Relative to the energy density in the source regions, plasma in the magnetospheric boundary layer is predominantly deenergized whereas plasma in the plasma-sheet boundary layer has been accelerated. The reconnection hypothesis continues to provide a useful framework for comparing data sampled in the highly dynamic magnetospheric environment. Observations of 'flux transfer events' and other detailed features near the boundaries have been recently interpreted in terms of nonsteady-state reconnection. Alternative hypotheses are also being investigated. More work needs to be done, both in theory and observation, to determine whether reconnection actually occurs in the magnetosphere and, if so, whether it is important for overall magnetospheric dynamics.
TRANS-ACTIVATION OF A GLOBIN PROMOTER IN NONERYTHROID CELLS

Abstract We show that expression in fibroblasts of a single cDNA, encoding the erythroid DNA-binding protein Eryf1 (GF-1, NF-E1), very efficiently activates transcription of a chicken alpha-globin promoter, trans-Activation in these cells occurred when Eryf1 bound to a single site within a minimal globin promoter. In contrast, efficient activation in erythroid cells required multiple Eryf1 binding sites. Our results indicate that mechanisms exist that are capable of modulating the trans-acting capabilities of Eryf1 in a cell-specific manner, without affecting DNA binding. The response of the minimal globin promoter to Eryf1 in fibroblasts was at least as great as for optimal constructions in erythroid cells. Therefore, the assay provides a very simple and sensitive system with which to study gene activation by a tissue-specific factor.
Mood and temperament

1. An Introduction to the Study of Mood and Temperament 2. Measuring Mood: A Structural Model 3. Situational and Environmental Influences on Mood 4. The Rhythms of Everyday Experience: Patterned Cyclicity in Mood 5. The Dispositional Basis of Affect 6. Temperament and Personality 7. Understanding Individual Differences in Affect and Well-Being 8. Affect and Psychopathology 9. Affect, Personality, and Health References Index
Crossbar tree networks for embedded signal processing applications

This paper describes an insertion opportunity for optical interconnection technology in embedded massively parallel processors for radar signal processing.
Colonization of habitat islands in the deep sea: recruitment to glass sponge stalks

Abstract Biogenic structures in the deep sea often act as hard substratum 'islands’ for the attachment of encrusting fauna. At an abyssal station in the NE Pacific, stalks of hexactinellid sponges in the genus Hyalonema are habitat islands for species-rich epifaunal communities. An experimental study was conducted to (1) determine the colonization rates of artificial Hyalonema stalks, (2) compare the species composition and diversity of recruits to newly available substrata to that of the natural communities, and (3) examine the vertical distribution of recruits. Four sets of six artificial sponge stalks, constructed of Hyalonema spicules, were deployed at 4100 m depth for 3- to 5-month periods. There was no difference in net colonization or immigration rate among the four deployments. Colonization rates were similar to those reported for other deep-sea, hard substratum recruitment experiments. The taxa that recruited to the artificial stalks were a subset of the taxa found in natural communities. However, several taxa important in structuring natural communities did not recruit to the artificial stalks. The two taxa with the highest invasion rates, a calcareous foraminiferan (Cibicides lobatulus) and a serpulid polychaete (Bathyvermilia sp.), also were the two taxa with greatest relative abundance in natural communities. Vertical distributions of Cibicides and an agglutinated foraminiferan (Telammina sp.) were skewed towards the top of the artificial stalks, potentially because of active habitat selection. These results have several implications for natural Hyalonema stalk communities. Most importantly, species composition and abundance of individuals in the stalk communities appear to be maintained by frequent recruitment of a few common taxa and infrequent recruitment of many rare taxa. An argument is presented for temporal-mosaic maintenance of diversity in these deep-sea, hard substratum communities.
X-ray Measurements of the Bulk Modulus of the Myofilament Liquid Crystal in Striated Muscle

Abstract Low-angle X-ray diffraction measurements of the distance between myosin filaments comprising the smectic B1 liquid crystal found in skinned crayfish striated muscle were made. The interfilament distanceas a function of applied compressive osmotic pressure wasdetermined and the bulk modulus of this myofilament liquid crystal ascertained. Under compression the behavior of this myosin filament lattice is shown to be predicted well by the Murnaghan equation of state. The isothermal bulk modulus, B o, of this myosin filament liquid crystal is 1.51 × 105 dynes/cm2 at 2°C and at 46% actin overlap.