cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ranolazine: A New Approach to Management of Patients with Angina

Objective:To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy of ranolazine for the treatment of chronic stable angina.Data Sources:MEDLINE was searched (1966–February 2006) using the English-language key terms ranolazine and chronic stable angina. Additional studies were identified from the bibliographies of the reviewed literature.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Studies evaluating ranolazine, alone or in combination with other agents, were incorporated in this review.Data Synthesis:Ranolazine is a metabolic modulator designed to improve cardiac energy availability and cardiac metabolism. It is believed to be a partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor. Ranolazine has been shown to improve exercise duration and time to anginal attacks without significantly affecting heart rate or blood pressure. Adverse effects of ranolazine are reported to be dose related. The elimination half-life of ranolazine is estimated to be between 1.4 and 1.9 hours for the immediate-release and 7 hours for susta...
REACTANCE AND INTENTIONALITY ATTRIBUTIONS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE INTENT TO FILE A GRIEVANCE

Experimental studies were conducted in two unions to examine the effects of perceptual variables–namely, reactance and intentionality attributions–on the intent to seek redress from management action. Participants responded to a series of vignettes, each of which described a management action (formal punishment, informal warning, promotion denial) taken against an employee. The vignettes varied systematically in terms of the perceived threat to worker freedom posed by the action and the degree to which the action was motivated by a dispositional rather than an environmental attribution. Both studies demonstrated that greater threat and dispositional attributions provoked stronger intent to file a grievance. Implications of the findings were discussed for investigating and screening grievances.
Phosphorus Availability Bioassay Using Bone Ash and Bone Densitometry as Response Criteria

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to examine the relative precision of bone densitometry and bone ash methodologies as response criteria in measurement of bioavailability of phosphorus from various supplements for turkeys. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to analyze data collected. Coefficients of correlation and variation and F ratios were used for evaluation. Bone densitometry with one scan at each of 3 points on the bone was faster than bone ash and as precise as bone ash analysis in measuring phosphorus availability in turkeys. The coefficient of correlation between percentage ash (of dry bone) and scan density (milligrams per centimeter length of bone) measurements for treatment effects was .986. The coefficient of variation was about the same for the bone ash (5.8) and the three-point bone scan (6.9) methods. As indicated by the F ratio for testing treatment effects, bone densitometry was better able to detect differences among phosphorus sources. A technician may scan 50 cleaned bones in 3 hr, but with the bone ash method, drying, ashing, and weighing may require 3 working days. Bone sampling technique, multiple operators, different bone sizes, and decay of iodine source were the major factors affecting precision of the bone densitometry technique. Relative biological availabilities of phosphorus from various supplements were about the same by the two methods.
Social Awareness and Transition to Employment for Adolescents with Mental Retardation

This article provides a review of relevant literature concerning instruction emphasizing social awareness as opposed to specific social skills for adolescents with mental retardation. social awareness is discussed in terms of promoting discrimination, generalization, and maintenance of appropriate social behavior in work environments. instructional techniques such as cognitive process approaches and community-based instructional settings for promoting social integration are then discussed. recommendations for the field of special education are suggested based on analysis of this literature.
Temporal expression and localization of protein farnesyltransferase during spermiogenesis and posttesticular sperm maturation in the hamster

Spermiogenesis and posttesticular sperm maturation in the epididymis are distinct developmental processes that result in a polarized spermatozoon possessing a plasma membrane partitioned into segment-specific domains of distinct composition and function. The mechanisms that specify the distribution of intracellular organelles and target proteins to restricted membrane domains are not well understood. In this study we examined the expression pattern and distribution of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) in hamster spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa to determine if protein lipidation may represent a potential mechanism to regulate protein association with specific organelles or the plasma membrane. Round spermatids exhibited only weak immunostaining with antibody against the beta-subunit of FTase, whereas elongating spermatids exhibited a high level of FTase expression that was segregated to the cytoplasmic lobe surrounding the anterior flagellum. Although FTase was released with the residual body, mature spermatids retained FTase within the midpiece and cytoplasmic droplet. In epididymal spermatozoa, FTase remained associated with the cytoplasmic droplet during its migration to the midpiece-principal piece junction; following release of the cytoplasmic droplet, no immunodetectable FTase was noted in the midpiece segment. Immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of both the alpha and beta subunits of FTase in sperm lysates. The temporal expression pattern and restricted distribution of FTase in spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa suggest a potential role in regulating protein association with specific organelles and/or membrane domains of the mature spermatozoon.
Thermally Induced Reversible Coagulation in Ceramic Powder-Polymer Liquid Suspensions

It was observed that slurries of oxide powders in oxidized polybutene fluids can be caused to change reversibly between fluid, nearly Newtonian behavior and plastic behavior by modest changes in temperature. This phenomenon was believed to result from changes in the dispersion vs association among the particles. The rheological effects of temperature, polymer oxidation, and particle size were observed for 30 vol% slurries of TiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2 powders in polybutene fluids. Elasticity (in oscillation) and low-shear-rate viscosity (in steady shear) were observed to increase with increasing temperature for TiO2 and Al2O3 particles in oxidized polybutene fluids. This behavior was attributed to the creation of interparticle structures. The attainment of this structure on heating was observed to be inhibited by increased oxidation of the polymer and increased particle size. It was concluded that the adsorption of oxidized molecules from the polymer liquid, along with the high viscosity of the bulk polymer, resulted in suspensions that were metastable against coagulation. Increased temperature resulted in lower viscosities of the liquid, allowing coagulation on a short time scale. The presence of the adsorbed polymer, however, prevented intimate contact among the particles so that the coagulated structure was easily destroyed upon subsequent cooling and shearing.
Dynamic inconsistency, cooperation and the benevolent dissembling government

Abstract The paper investigates the circumstances under which the problem of dynamic inconsistency arises, and discusses its implications for control theory and optimal policy-making. The problem arises when the government does not have non-distortionary control instruments at its disposal and when expectations of future variables are relevant to current private sector decisions. It can also arise if the policy maker's utility function differs from that of the representative individual. The problem may disappear if cooperative behavior can be induced. The problem does not preclude the use of optimal control theory in economic policy analysis, but raises serious issues about the types of optimal control paths that are most relevant for policy-making.
Inhibition of Incorporation of Leucine into Myocardial Proteins of the Rat by Antiarrhythmic Agents

Incorporation of tritiated leucine into myocardial proteins was inhibited at low concentration by quinidine, procaine amide, and diphenylhydantoin, but not by lidocaine or propranolol. This inhibition could be demonstrated in vitro and when the animals were treated with these agents. The relationship between this finding and myocardial depression produced by these antiarrhythmic agents is not known but may reside in general depression of cellular metabolism and protein synthesis or in inhibition of synthesis of a specific membrane carrier protein.
Simulations of L-band Brightness Temperature of a Quasi-Periodic Corn Canopy

The common two parameter `tau-omega' model for emission by vegetation assumes a uniform attenuating canopy with some darkening due to scattering. As a result, the structural features of the canopy are dismissed, rendering the model insensitive to the azimuthal dependence of brightness temperature. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects of canopy structure on the L-band emission by employing a full-wave approach in conjunction with Monte-carlo (MC) averaging. The simulations are performed on corn canopies consisting of only stalks.
Alcohol use and intimate partner violence perpetration among college students: Assessing the temporal association using electronic diary technology.

Objectives: The primary goals of this study were to assess the temporal relationship between alcohol use and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration using state-ofthe-art electronic diary assessment methods and to examine the extent to which distal factors (e.g., sex, psychopathology, relationship satisfaction) moderated that association. Method: Participants were 184 male and female college students in dating relationships who used a handheld computer to answer daily questions about alcohol use and IPV every day for 2 months. Results: Based on a total of 7,775 daily electronic diary reports, results showed that the odds of perpetrating psychological and physical aggression were 2.19 and 3.64 times greater, respectively, on drinking days relative to nondrinking days. Men evidenced 7.03 greater odds of engaging in psychological aggression on drinking days, whereas women had only 1.60 greater odds of engaging in psychological aggression on drinking relative to nondrinking days. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need to provide intervention early in dating relationships to reduce alcohol use to reduce the risk of IPV.
Evaluation in Clinical Practice: Clinically Sensitive and Systematic Methods of Treatment Delivery

The present paper makes the case for systematic assessment and evaluation in clinical practice. The purpose of systematic evaluation is to enhance client care and to improve the basis for drawing inferences about treatment and therapeutic change. Requirements of a methodology for clinical practice are outlined that begin with the priority of clinical care and patient improvement. Assessment, design, and data evaluation strategies as well as the processes they reflect in the context of clinical work are outlined. Ongoing assessment of client progress over the course of treatment is emphasized as the central feature of systematic evaluation. Implications of assessment for setting goals, specifying means, and making decisions to augment patient care are also presented and illustrated. Further work required to develop a methodology of clinical practice, common objections to systematic evaluation in clinical work, and professional issues that affect adoption of systematic evaluation are also presented.
Impact of post-synthesis modification of nanoporous organic frameworks on small gas uptake and selective CO2 capture

Porous organic polymers containing nitrogen-rich building units are among the most promising materials for selective CO2 capture and separation applications that impact the environment and the quality of methane and hydrogen fuels. In this study, we report on post-synthesis modification of nanoporous organic frameworks (NPOFs) and its impact on gas storage (H2, CH4, CO2) and selective CO2 binding over N2 and CH4 under ambient conditions. The synthesis of NPOF-4 was accomplished via acid catalyzed cyclotrimerization reaction of 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-acetylphenyl)adamantane in ethanol/xylenes. NPOF-4 is microporous and has high surface area (SABET = 1249 m2 g−1). Post-synthesis modification of NPOF-4 by nitration afforded NPOF-4-NO2 and its subsequent reduction resulted in an amine-functionalized framework NPOF-4-NH2 that exhibits improved gas storage capacities and very high CO2/N2 (139) and CO2/CH4 (15) selectivities compared to NPOF-4.
How diagnostic is ultrasound-guided neck mass biopsy (fine-needle capillary sampling biopsy technique)?: evaluation of 132 nonthyroid neck mass biopsies with pathologic analysis over 7 years at a single institution.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided neck mass biopsy (fine-needle capillary sampling biopsy [FNC] technique). Methods. With Institutional Review Board approval, all patients who had an ultrasound-guided neck mass FNC biopsy between January 2000 and December 2006 were retrieved from the ultrasound database. A total of 132 neck mass biopsies were performed in 124 patients. Patient demographics, procedure characteristics, and pathologic diagnoses were recorded. Results. Of the 124 patients, 73 were female (mean age, 51.4 years). Biopsies were performed twice in 8 patients. A significant 200% increase from 2000 through 2002 to 2003 through 2004 and from 2003 through 2004 to 2005 through 2006 was found (P < .05). The most biopsied location was in the lymph nodes (34.8%), followed by perithyroid soft tissue masses (28.0%). A 25-gauge needle was used most frequently (97.7%). A total of 41 biopsies were diagnostic for thyroid diseases (31.1 %), with the most common being thyroid papillary carcinoma. We found metastases in 31 biopsies (23.5%). Following these 2 were 29 lymph node biopsies. No major complications were noted. Of the 132 neck masses biopsied, 8 were pathologically nondiagnostic (93.9% diagnostic yield), yielding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of greater than 95% (97.1 %, 95.2%, and 95.8%, respectively). Conclusions. Ultrasound-guided FNC of neck masses is highly diagnostic. The diagnostic yield is especially high for detection of malignancy, including metastases. Together with a high clinical suspicion, ultrasound-guided needle biopsy should be performed to form a correct diagnosis and make appropriate management plans.
Enteric Helminths of Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle, 1954, a Threatened Chelonian Species from the Pascagoula River in Mississippi, U.S.A.

The enteric helminth fauna of the threatened yellow-blotched sawback turtle, Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle, 1954, was examined for the first time. Seven specimens were collected from the Pascagoula River in Jackson, George, and Green counties, Mississippi, U.S.A. The turtles were necropsied for toxicology studies, and their intestinal tracts were salvaged for parasitic analysis. One acanthocephalan species, Neoechinorhynchus stunkardi; 5 trematode species, Telorchis corti, T. angustus, T. singularis, an unidentified pronocephalid, and Cotylaspsis cokeri; and 2 nematode species, Falcaustra procera, and Spiroxys sp., were found. No new species were encountered; however, G. flavimaculata is a new host record, and the Pascagoula River is a new location record for all 8 helminth species. Transmission of at least 3 of the 8 helminth species involves ingestion of a mollusc intermediate host by the turtle host, which is not unexpected given the molluscivorous diet of adult G. flavimaculata.
A Systematic Review of Changes in Marine Mammal Health in North America, 1972-2012: The Need for a Novel Integrated Approach.

Marine mammals are often cited as “sentinels of ocean health” yet accessible, synthesized data on their health changes that could effectively warn of ocean health changes are rare. The objectives of this study were to 1) perform a systematic review of published cases of marine mammal disease to determine spatial and temporal trends in disease from 1972–2012, including changes in regions and taxa affected and specific causes; and 2) compare numbers of published cases of neoplasia with known, hospital-based neoplasia records to explore the causes of discrepancy between numbers of published cases and true disease trends. Peer-reviewed literature was compiled, and data were collected from The Marine Mammal Center database in Sausalito, California for comparison of numbers of neoplasia cases. Toxicoses from harmful algal blooms appear to be increasing. Viral epidemics are most common along the Atlantic U.S. coastline, while bacterial epidemics, especially leptospirosis, are most common along the Pacific coast. Certain protozoal and fungal zoonoses appear to be emerging, such as Toxoplasma gondii in southern sea otters in California, and Cryptococcus gattii in cetaceans in the Pacific Northwest. Disease reports were most common from California where pinniped populations are large, but increased effort also occurs. Anthropogenic trauma remains a large threat to marine mammal health, through direct mortality and indirect chronic disease. Neoplasia cases were under-reported from 2003–2012 when compared to true number of cases, and over-reported in several years due to case duplication. Peer-reviewed literature greatly underestimates the true magnitude of disease in marine mammals as it focuses on novel findings, fails to reflect etiology of multifactorial diseases, rarely reports prevalence rather than simple numbers of cases, and is typically presented years after a disease first occurs. Thus literature cannot guide management actions adequately, nor inform indices of ocean health. A real-time, nationally centralized system for reporting marine mammal disease data is needed to be able to understand how marine mammal diseases are changing with ecosystem changes, and before these animals can truly be considered ‘sentinels of ocean health’.
The Structure of Marine Communities Over Time: Long and Short-Term Changes

Conditions and organisms change on marine environments at a wide range of scales, from minutes to thousands of years (Haury et al., 1978). Even at great depths near the bottom where temperature and the chemical milieu are rather constant, there are pulses of materials raining down from the seasonal cycles of production near the surface (cf. Section 10.1121). Presumably this is why seasonal breeding takes place even in benthic organisms in the otherwise very constant deep sea (Grassle and Sanders, 1973; Rokop, 1974, 1977). The magnitude of production at the surface also varies from year to year, so that bottom fauna are exposed to variation over years as well as months.
Compliance Issues Associated with Targeted Economic Sanctions

Short of the actual use of force, economic sanctions are among the most powerful tools available to governments to directly or indirectly influence the behavior of other states, entities, or individuals. Sanctions can greatly augment governmental resources and efforts by enlisting the assistance of private financial and trading communities in identifying and blocking access to assets and limiting transactions associated with the targets of the sanctions programs. Maximizing the effectiveness of these programs therefore requires close cooperation between regulators and those outside of government who need to implement the actual controls in their daily operations. If the sanctions are not properly crafted and administered, governmental objectives may be undermined or frustrated and the burdens imposed upon those who seek to comply in good faith with the those controls may be unnecessarily increased, resulting in reduced compliance.This outline of many of the practical issues facing those in the regulated community in dealing with the various economic sanctions programs promulgated by national, regional, and international authorities was submitted to the British House of Lords Economic Affairs Committee in connection with their Inquiry into the Effect of Economic Sanctions in 2007.
Abstract B013: Neuregulin signaling in development and transformation of the luminal breast epithelium

The goal of these studies is to determine how combined loss of ErbB3 and ErbB4 impact the normal and transformed luminal population of the breast epithelium. Although little is known regarding the role of ErbB3 in luminal breast cancers, and even less about ErbB4, we have shown that ErbB3 and ErbB4 (the neuregulin receptors) are required for growth and survival of the two major luminal mammary epithelial cell types, the ductal luminal mammary epithelium, and the milk-producing alveolar mammary epithelium. However, as both ErbB3 and ErbB4 are capable of binding to neuregulins and heterodimerizing with other ErbB family members, there is evidence that ErbB4 may compensate for loss of ErbB3, and vice versa. Further, given that ErbB3 and ErbB4 are uniquely required within the luminal breast epithelium during phases of extreme physiological proliferation (i.e., puberty and pregnancy, respectively) it is likely that the neuregulin receptors drive cell growth and survival of breast cancers derived from the luminal breast epithelium. We hypothesize that elimination of NRG signaling by combined loss of ErbB3 and ErbB4 would prevent expansion of the mammary epithelium in response to physiological cues (i.e. pregnancy) and pathological cues (oncogene expression). Our early studies demonstrate loss of ErbB3 expansion of the alveolar epithelium during pregnancy, decreased expression of genes encoding milk proteins, and decreased milk delivery to nursing pups. This is similar to what is seen in ErbB4-deficient mammary glands. We are currently studying the ErbB3-dependnet molecular mechanisms required for expansion of the alveolar epithelium during pregnancy, and are generating mice that lack ErbB3 and ErbB4 in the alveolar mammary epithelium. We anticipate that combined gene targeting of ErbB3 and ErbB4 will cause a more pronounced lactational deficit. Citation Format: David B. Vaught, Donna Hicks, Rebecca Cook. Neuregulin signaling in development and transformation of the luminal breast epithelium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B013.
Insulin Sensitivity in the Hereditary Hypopituitary Dwarf Mouse.

SummaryUnder the experimental conditions employed in these studies, findings may be summarized as follows: a) The insulinhypersensitive hereditary hypopituitary dwarf mouse can tolerate only 3% of the dose of insulin that produces comparable symptoms in normal mice (2 units of insulin/kg of mouse). Higher dosages cause severe hypoglycemia followed by death. b) ACTH, adrenocortical extract (ACE), and cortisone act as anti-insulin agents as shown by their ability to increase blood-glucose levels and to reduce hypoglycemic convulsions. Desoxycorticosterone acetate and testosterone propionate exhibit no anti-insulin action. c) Factors that may be responsible for the hypersensitivity to insulin are discussed.
Improving Care for Children With ADHD: The Information is Just a Rating Scale Away

* Abbreviation: ADHD — : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting millions of children, adolescents, and adults in the United States.1–3 ADHD is associated with a wide range of comorbid conditions and adverse outcomes, including learning and psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, school failure, increased healthcare costs and utilization, and, by young adulthood, significantly increased risk for suicide.4–8 Furthermore, many children will continue to have ADHD in adulthood, accompanied by high rates of comorbid psychiatric conditions.4 Fortunately, despite this worrisome array of adverse outcomes, there are highly effective medical and behavioral treatments that have been shown to be associated with improved outcomes in multiple domains, such as reduced risks for substance use disorders, reduced emergency department visits, and improved school and academic outcomes.6,9,10 It is therefore a major public health imperative that clinicians provide optimal diagnostic and treatment services for children and adolescents affected by ADHD, including using ADHD-specific rating scales to guide clinical decision-making. The article by Chang et al11 in … Address correspondence to William J. Barbaresi, MD, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: william.barbaresi{at}childrens.harvard.edu
The Chemistry and Physics of Nonlinear Optical Materials: A new look at an Old Field

Recent efforts to “engineer” new nonlinear optical materials with specific desired characteristics has engendered a need for a theoretical description of optical properties which is readily accessible to chemists, yet correctly treats the essential physics of dielectric response. This paper describes a simple empirical molecular orbital model which gives useful insights into the relationship between chemical composition, crystalline structure, and optical susceptibilities. We compare the probabilities of finding new harmonic generators in various chemical classes. Rigorous bounds on the magnitudes of linear and nonlinear optical coefficients and their anisotropies are also discussed.
Use of the DD 136 strain of Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) for Control of Corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Field trials were conducted in the summer of 1981 to determine the effectiveness of the DD 136 strain of Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser in controlling, corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae. The corn ears were artificially infested with H. zea larvae and subsequently sprayed with nematodes at 0, 4 × 103 and 4 × 104 nematodes/ml suspension. Eighty-eight percent control was obtained with 4 × 104 nematodes/ml in early June but less, 80% and 58% respectively, was observed in late June and early July. Thus, N. carpocapsae , survives better and is more effective in the early part of the season. All ears in the treated and control plots received some damage, but damage in all the treated plots was significantly lower than in the control.
Sizing the Facility

As the preceding chapter indicates, airport planners have not done much systematic analysis of the shape and function of airport terminals. Indeed, the industry is only just beginning to recognize what questions need to be examined, which concepts ought to be implemented, in what combination. Intuition has been the deciding factor in the selection of the form of the terminals.
SP0131 Fibromyalgia: What is New

Further clarification of the impact of FM classification criteria has emerged with a higher prevalence and greater proportion of men identified with the modified 2010 criteria. This together with ongoing epidemiologic studies has confirmed the relationships between FM, other pain conditions, and mood disorders. Advances in the understanding of FM physiology have continued to evolve with advanced neuroimaging studies confirming altered central representation of pain as well as more static changes in brain volumes and brain region connectivity. Additional studies reveal alterations in brain function during cognitive processing. In addition to these advances, there has been re-focused attention on peripheral mechanisms that may initiate or maintain centrally amplified pain, specifically focusing on evidence for involvement of cytokines, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and small fiber neuropathy. The potential role of autonomic dysfunction as a unifying factor in these peripheral changes continues to be investigated. Few advances were made in treatments for FM with most studies re-confirming the limited effectiveness of available pharmacologic treatments and re-affirming the utility of non-pharmacologic treatment modalities. The search for novel approaches to treatment may be informed by studies of the physiology of FM. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Understanding lifecycle cost trade-offs for naval vessels: minimising production, maintenance, and resistance

ABSTRACTCurrent optimisers struggle to explore the multi-disciplinary trade-space that defines vessel lifecycle cost. This paper tests an enhanced multi-objective collaborative optimiser on a three-objective hull and structural lifecycle costing problem. The optimiser extends multi-disciplinary collaborative optimisers by including goal-programming and a novel genetic algorithm at the discipline level. The optimiser finds the trade-space between vessel resistance, production cost, and structural maintenance cost. Simultaneous changes to the hullform geometry and structural scantlings are used to explore this design space. The approach is demonstrated on a naval optimisation problem. With fixed maintenance schedules, the trade-space is shown to be steeply walled. This topology indicates that single-discipline optimisation for lifecycle cost may lead to large increases in lifecycle cost for the disciplines not considered. In conclusion, multi-disciplinary optimisation is shown to be a useful tool for addres...
Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyisobutylene Disulfides by Living Reversible Recombination Radical Polymerization (R3P): Macrocycles?

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of polyisobutylene disulfides by living reversible recombination radical polymerization (R3P). First telechelic thiol-functionalized PIB macromonomer (HS–PIB–SH) was synthesized using enzyme-catalyzed transesterification. Then the HS–PIB–SH was chain-extended using hydrogen peroxide, triethylamine catalyst and air to yield polyisobutylene disulfides up to Mn = 96 000 g/mol. 750 MHz HMBC correlation NMR spectroscopy along with Raman spectroscopy showed the absence of −SH end groups. Thermal analysis by DSC showed a Tg of −62.5 °C and TGA indicated that the polymer began to degrade at 340 °C. The increased Tg together with structural and SEC analysis indicate that this R3P likely yields macrocycles. Dithiothreitol (DTT) reduced the polyisobutylene disulfides to a mixture of pentamer-to-dimer PIB-dithiols.
Hubble’s Law and the Expanding Universe

In the early 1900s, Vesto M. Slipher of the Lowell observatory in Arizona analyzed the spectra of many spiral nebulae.
Trump, Alfarabi, and the Open Society

What would America in the age of Trump look like through the eyes of a tenth century Arabic-speaking philosopher from the Islamic world? What would be his view of the role of women? What would be his view of freedom of speech in America’s constitutional system? I speculate that for Alfarabi the most striking feature of the United States as regime might be its religious diversity, its attempt to create a society open to a multiplicity of religious communities. Does President Trump need a philosophic education in order to deal with this uniquely modern situation? While he was aware of the universalism of Islam, Alfarabi envisioned a world divided into a multiplicity of national and religious communities. But does Alfarabi ever contemplate a plurality of religions within one community? What are the limits of politics, and how can we best deal with them in an American context?
Inhibition of RON kinase potentiates anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy to shrink breast tumors and prevent metastatic outgrowth.

ABSTRACTThe advent of immune checkpoint blockade as a new strategy for immunotherapy has changed the outlook for many aggressive cancers. Although complete tumor eradication is attainable in some cases, durable clinical responses are observed only in a small fraction of patients, underlining urgent need for improvement. We previously showed that RON, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in macrophages, suppresses antitumor immune responses, and facilitates progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Here, we investigated the molecular changes that occur downstream of RON activation in macrophages, and whether inhibition of RON can cooperate with checkpoint immunotherapy to eradicate tumors. Activation of RON by its ligand, MSP, altered the gene expression profile of macrophages drastically and upregulated surface levels of CD80 and PD-L1, ligands for T-cell checkpoint receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of RON in combination with anti-CTLA-4, but not with anti-PD-1, ...
Outpatient Treatment of Schizophrenics

In the United States, over 1% of the population carries a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenics occupy one-third to one-half of all psychiatric hospital beds (Goodwin & Guze, 1979), and compared to other psychiatric patients, require longer inpatient treatment, show lower levels of adjustment following discharge, and return more frequently to the hospital.
These violent repeats have violent extends.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that causes paralysis and death typically within 3 years of onset. The rapidly progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord leads to muscle atrophy, causing weakness, muscle fasciculations, and spasticity. This interferes with normal movement, gait, speech, and swallowing. ALS progresses inexorably, causing paralysis and eventually death. There is currently no cure for ALS and only 2 drugs have been approved, but these only offer limited benefit. More effective therapeutic strategies are desperately needed.
Renal replacement therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center retrospective study.

Background Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who develop acute kidney injury have increased mortality and frequently require renal replacement therapy (RRT). The optimal timing for initiation of RRT after onset of ARDS to improve survival is not known. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data on patients admitted to our health system over a 2-year period. Individual charts were carefully reviewed to ascertain that patients met the Berlin criteria for ARDS and to categorize RRT utilization. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare early (£48 hours postintubation) versus late (>48 hours postintubation) initiation of RRT. Associations between RRT initiation and mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results A total of 75 patients were identified with ARDS, 95% of whom received RRT. Mortality of patients who required RRT was 56%. The main indications for RRT initiation were fluid overload (75%), metabolic acidosis (64%), and hyperkalemia (33%). The Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing early initiation of RRT to late initiation of RRT showed no survival benefit. Cox proportional hazard models testing the association between timing of RRT initiation with survival and adjusting for sex, race, ethnicity, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score did not reach statistical significance (HR=0.94, 95% CI=0.48-1.86). Conclusion Timing of RRT initiation was not associated with a survival benefit. Prospective study in the utilization and outcomes of RRT in ARDS could assist in optimizing its usage in this population.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? College Students' 11th-hour Course Drop Strategies

“I need to drop this class!,” many college students declare, even up to the days before the final exam. What leads students to drop courses that they enthusiastically registered for early in the te...
Positive Airway Pressure Versus High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Prevention of Extubation Failure in Infants After Congenital Heart Surgery.

Objectives:Compare the impact of initial extubation to positive airway pressure versus high-flow nasal cannula on postoperative outcomes in neonates and infants after congenital heart surgery.Design:Retrospective cohort study with propensity-matched analysis.Setting:Cardiac ICU within a tertiary car
Impact of Abnormal Coronary Reactivity on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Women

AbstractBackground: Currently as many as one-half of women with suspected myocardial ischemia have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and abnormal coronary reactivity (CR) is commonly fo...
Inhuman writing in Jeff VanderMeer's Southern Reach trilogy

Jeff VanderMeer's Southern Reach trilogy, which has become well-known for its embrace of the nonhuman, is nevertheless highly interested in texts, literary and otherwise. VanderMeer has identified ...
The Role of Embedding Complexity in Domain-invariant Representations

Unsupervised domain adaptation aims to generalize the hypothesis trained in a source domain to an unlabeled target domain. One popular approach to this problem is to learn domain-invariant embeddings for both domains. In this work, we study, theoretically and empirically, the effect of the embedding complexity on generalization to the target domain. In particular, this complexity affects an upper bound on the target risk; this is reflected in experiments, too. Next, we specify our theoretical framework to multilayer neural networks. As a result, we develop a strategy that mitigates sensitivity to the embedding complexity, and empirically achieves performance on par with or better than the best layer-dependent complexity tradeoff.
CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary.

Most high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) initiate from the fallopian tube epithelium and then metastasize to the ovary and throughout the abdomen. Genomic analyses suggest that most HGSCs seed the ovary prior to abdominal dissemination. Similarly, animal models support a critical role for the ovary in driving abdominal dissemination. Thus, HGSC cell recruitment to the ovary appears to be a critical component of HGSC cell metastasis. We sought to identify factors driving HGSC recruitment to the ovary. We identified CD105 (endoglin, or ENG, a TGF-β receptor family member) as a mediator of HGSC cell ovarian recruitment. We found that CD105 was expressed on both serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) cells (STICs-HGSC precursors in the fallopian tube epithelium) and HGSC cells. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), we showed that high CD105 expression by HGSC cells correlated with a metastatic signature. Furthermore, intravenous injection of CD105(+) HGSC tumor cells, but not CD105(−), resulted in ovarian-specific metastasis and abdominal dissemination of disease. CD105 knockdown or blockade with a clinically relevant CD105-neutralizing mAb (TRC105), inhibited HGSC metastasis, reduced ascites, and impeded growth of abdominal tumor nodules, thereby improving overall survival in animal models of ovarian cancer. CD105 knockdown was associated with a reduction in TGF-β signaling. Together, our data support CD105 as a critical mediator of ovarian cancer spread to the ovary and implicate it as a potential therapeutic target.
The Discipline Gatekeeper: Assistant Principals’ Experiences With Managing School Discipline in Urban Middle Schools:

School discipline disparities for African American students in urban schools continue to be a topic of contention. While research has rightfully called into question the practices and preparation o...
Rights and Citizenship

This discussion of rights and citizenship is part of a series falling under the general topic “Ethical Issues and Citizenship Education.” Although it contains little directly dealing with how to go about the education of citizens, it does embody material that would be desirable for citizens to know and to understand. Citizenship as well as rights will be discussed in the pages that follow, but the bulk of this particular contribution to the series will deal with rights. (Specifically sections 3-7 deal solely with rights.) The relation between the two is greater than might otherwise appear to the casual reader, for it is as citizens that we claim our most important rights, our rights against the state. Our legal rights have derived from our citizenship. As citizens we enjoy the right to have our rights enforced — as a matter of right, not just as a privilege that could be legitmately taken away from us at the whim of some arbitrary ruler.
Improving the Residency Program Virtual Open House Experience: A Survey of Urology Applicants.

Abstract Objective To investigate the perception and value of virtual open houses for urology applicants in the COVID-19 era, since students can no longer attend subinternships and all interviews will be conducted virtually. Methods A Twitter survey was sent to 230 likely urology applicants connected through the UroResidency platform. It asked about the relative value of components of the virtual open house and areas for suggested improvement. Results Seventy responded. Most potential applicants valued virtual open houses that discussed strengths and weaknesses of the program, had time to interact directly with the faculty, and included resident led presentations or discussions. Most agreed programs needed to have more direct time with residents to better understand the culture of the program. Conclusion In this first virtual interview season for urology, likely applicants generally engage in virtual open houses and strongly prefer time to interact directly with residents to assess the program culture.
Visualizing insulin vesicle neighborhoods in β cells by cryo–electron tomography

Subcellular neighborhoods, comprising specific ratios of organelles and proteins, serve a multitude of biological functions and are of particular importance in secretory cells. However, the role of subcellular neighborhoods in insulin vesicle maturation is poorly understood. Here, we present single-cell multiple distinct tomogram acquisitions of β cells for in situ visualization of distinct subcellular neighborhoods that are involved in the insulin vesicle secretory pathway. We propose that these neighborhoods play an essential role in the specific function of cellular material. In the regions where we observed insulin vesicles, a measurable increase in both the fraction of cellular volume occupied by vesicles and the average size (diameter) of the vesicles was apparent as sampling moved from the area near the nucleus toward the plasma membrane. These findings describe the important role of the nanometer-scale organization of subcellular neighborhoods on insulin vesicle maturation.
Exact inference for the parameters of absolutely continuous trivariate exponential location–scale model

In this paper, we consider a location-scale family arising out of Absolutely Continuous Trivariate Exponential (ACTVE) distribution with equal marginal due to Weier and Basu. The distribution of th...
Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx: Report of a Rare Case and a Review of the Literature

Salivary gland carcinomas are very rare in the nasopharynx, with the most frequent histologic types being adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. Myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA) is a rare tumor of the salivary glands, and there are only three previously reported cases of nasopharyngeal MECA. The case presented is the fourth reported case of MECA in the nasopharynx. Due to the morphologic heterogeneity of MECA, immunohistochemistry is indispensable in ascertaining the diagnosis. MECA is a locally aggressive tumor, but the long-term prognosis of this tumor in the nasopharynx remains uncertain. In our case the tumor was unresectable and the patient was given chemo-radiotherapy. Despite this, residual tumor was seen on nasoscopy 5 months after initial diagnosis and was documented on a re-biopsy which displayed the same histomorphologic features as the original tumor.
The Calculus of Felicity

There is a way he has of looking into the mirror that tells me he likes himself, but he isn't sure, each time he comes back to the mir ror, exactly what to expect. The expression he sees on this face is clearly friendly. All its features are pleasantly proportioned?even its hair flops into acceptable arrangements without much fuss. But he doesn't look at the mirror to congratulate himself on this. He looks at his face as though it has assumed its pleasant appearance out of pure good will. It likes him, and wishes to please. He appre ciates this: he smiles at the mirror just as he would at a friend who has done him an unexpected favor. From my tree I can see them greet each other, the man and the mirror. If he tried, if he knew exactly where to look and what to look for, he could see my reflection just above his right shoulder. Nothing distinct, just a dark object at the juncture of two thick branches in a massive pine, roundish with little points on either side that are my elbows sticking out as they hold up binoculars. But there is no rea son for him to look for me, and he never has. It's a little spooky watching him boil water for tea in the same red and purple kettle I have at home. Of course the kettle is a coinci dence?a present from my sister, not something I bought myself? but coincidences definitely contribute to spookiness. When we do our laundry, we fold the tee shirts, then roll them up, because they look sort of cool that way and you can find them more easily in the drawer. Who else does that? Our favorite late night snack is spaghet ti with olive oil and red pepper flakes. We carry rocks home from the beach and stack them into cairns in the corner of the living room. We have prints of Tibetan tankas on the wall, we like maps, blue bed sheets, certain shades of purple and dark green. I look at his book shelves and half my books are already there. I'm almost certain he's the one. But I've only been watching him for a month. This is so fast! I'm a little nervous.
Dynamic Analyses for Data-Race Detection

Data races caused by unsynchronized accesses to shared data have long been the source of insidious errors in concurrent software. They are hard to identify during testing, reproduce, and debug. Recent advances in race detection tools show great promise for improving the situation, however, and can enable programmers to find and eliminate race conditions more effectively. This tutorial explores dynamic analysis techniques to efficiently find data races in large-scale software. It covers the theoretical underpinnings, implementation techniques, and reusable infrastructure used to build state-of-the-art data-race detectors (as well as analyses targeting other types of concurrency errors). The tutorial provides industrial case studies on finding data races and closes with a discussion of open research questions in this area.
A component based multi-agent architecture to support mobile business processes

Information as to the location of mobile workers plays a central role in tracking and co-ordinating teams in mobile business processes. This paper describes a multi-agent architecture for location based workflow management and team co-ordination. The architecture is based on reusable components that facilitate multi-agent interactions to produce services for locating and co-ordinating members of mobile teams and can be used as a generic approach, which is customised to support various kinds of mobile business processes. The details on the components and architecture for multi-agent systems are given and details of a case study, where an application based on the architecture was applied to a real mobile business process, are included to show its usefulness.
Program-Adaptive Mutational Fuzzing

We present the design of an algorithm to maximize the number of bugs found for black-box mutational fuzzing given a program and a seed input. The major intuition is to leverage white-box symbolic analysis on an execution trace for a given program-seed pair to detect dependencies among the bit positions of an input, and then use this dependency relation to compute a probabilistically optimal mutation ratio for this program-seed pair. Our result is promising: we found an average of 38.6% more bugs than three previous fuzzers over 8 applications using the same amount of fuzzing time.