cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA length variants contiguous to the 3' end of a vitellogenin gene in Drosophila grimshawi laboratory stocks from different Hawaiian Islands.

Two V3 vitellogenin clones isolated from genomic libraries ofDrosophila grimshawi (G1, Auwahi, Maui) were found to differ in length. Structural comparison of the two clones established that the length difference could be attributed to two insertions/deletions of about 200 bp each, both within the 3′ flanking sequences of the gene. The two length variants appeared to be polymorphic in the G1 laboratory strain, as demonstrated by analysis of genomic DNA isolated from single flies. The deleted variant sequence was traced by further analysis to two otherD. grimshawi strains (PK9 and S10G1) which originated from the island of Molokai. The existence of this morph in the Maui strain appears to have resulted from a laboratory stock contamination at the Drosophila Stock Center. In the course of a few generations of culture of this G1 strain at New York University, the deleted morph increased its frequency surprisingly rapidly, almost replacing the original morph, while at the Bowling Green Stock Center, the original morph still predominates. These frequency changes are most likely consequences of genetic drift due to bottlenecks in the maintenance and propagation of this stock.
Varying lot sizes as an alternative to undertime and layoffs in aggregate scheduling

SUMMARY When demand temporarily decreases, traditional aggregate-scheduling techniques call for either lay-offs, inventory build-ups, or increased worker idle time. For products made in batches or lots, an alternate method is to reduce the lot size, which in turn increases the number of set-ups and decreases the total production without affecting the work-force level. The latter effect is of particular significance in businesses that desire to maintain a constant workforce. This paper presents a method for finding the optimal (in terms of cost) lot sizes under the constraint that the work-force size remains constant. Multiple products are allowed, and a finite production rate is assumed. The method is compared to traditional methods in a case study. Compared to undertime, the use of reduced lot sizes is found to produce lower inventory costs and better customer service.
Risk assessment for the Yucca Mountain high-level nuclear waste repository site: Estimation of volcanic disruption

In this article, we model the volcanism near the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, U.S.A. by estimating the instantaneous recurrence rate using a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with Weibull intensity and by using a homogeneous Poisson process to predict future eruptions. We then quantify the probability that any single eruption is disruptive in terms of a (prior) probability distribution, since not every eruption would result in disruption of the repository. Bayesian analysis is performed to evaluate the volcanic risk. Based on the Quaternary data, a 90% confidence interval for the instantaneous recurrence rate near the Yucca Mountain site is (1.85×10−6/yr, 1.26×10−5/yr). Also, using-these confidence bounds, the corresponding 90% confidence interval for the risk (probability of at least one disruptive eruption) for an isolation time of 104 years is (1.0×10−3, 6.7×10−3), if it is assumed that the intensity remains constant during the projected time frame.
Births using sperm retrieved via immediate microdissection of a solitary testis with cancer

Objective To determine the feasibility of achieving births using sperm retrieved from a solitary testis with cancer. Design Prospective clinical study of azoospermic men with testis cancer in a solitary testis. Setting Infertility patients in an academic environment. Patient(s) Azoospermic men with previous history of orchiectomy and testis cancer in a remaining solitary testis. Intervention(s) Viable sperm were retrieved by immediate microdissection of paratumor testicular tissue from orchiectomy specimen. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live births were achieved using sperm from immediate microdissection of orchiectomy specimen with testis cancer. Conclusion(s) Azoospermic men with cancer in a solitary testis have potential for fertility.
Space-time quantum imaging

We report on an experimental demonstration of quantum imaging where the images are stored in both space and time. Quantum images of remote objects are produced with rotating ground glass induced chaotic laser light and two sensors measuring at different space-time points. Quantum images are observed to move depending on the time delay between the sensor measurements. The experiments provide a new testbed for exploring the time and space scale fundamental physics of quantum imaging and suggest new pathways for quantum information storage and processing. The moved quantum images are in fact new images that are stored in a space-time virtual memory process. The images are stored within the same quantum imaging data sets and thus quantum imaging can produce more information per photon measured than was previously realized.
In vitro and in vivo studies of enzyme-digestible hydrogels for oral drug delivery

Abstract Gastric retention of enzyme-digestible hydrogels in dogs was studied to develop a platform for longterm oral drug delivery. The movements of hydrogels in the canine stomach and the gastric tissue-hydrogel interactions were visualized in real-time using three imaging techniques: radiography, fluoroscopy, and 2-D ultrasonography. Hydrogels with appropriate size and integrity were retained in the stomach for more than 24 h even under fasted conditions. Gastric retention was prolonged up to 60 h when the 24 h-fasted state was followed by a once-a-day pelletized meal. In vitro drug release from enzyme-digestible hydrogels was examined. The hydrogels were loaded with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and air-dried for 7 days. FMN was released from the gels in the simulated gastric juice for up to 454 h and 650 h in the presence and absence of pepsin, respectively. About 90% of the loaded FMN was released in 300 h. During this time, the presence of pepsin in the solution did not make any significant difference in the release profiles. When the FMN-containing hydrogels were administered to dogs, the blood concentration of FMN was maintained at the level of 0.75 μg/ml for 24 h under fasted conditions. In each experiment, the presence of a hydrogel in the stomach was confirmed using the three imaging techniques. When the 24-h-fasted state was followed by a once-a-day meal, appreciable FMN concentration was detected in the blood for up to 54 h. This study showed that once-a-day oral drug delivery is possible even with a drug which is absorbed only from the upper small intestine and has a short half-life.
Habitat Quality Following Mid-Rotation Treatment in Conservation Reserve Program Pines

Evaluation of habitat management practices at mid-rotation is needed for pine (Pinus spp.) plantations enrolled in cost-share programs. Plantations established in abandoned agricultural fields may have different understory plant communities than those with a long history of forest cover. Mid-rotation pine plantations often have a hardwood midstory that limits development of early succession habitat components important to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; deer) and northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite). We treated with imazapyr herbicide and prescribed burning (HB) 11 thinned, 13–22-year-old pine plantations in the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, USA, enrolled in cost-share programs, and we sampled plant community response during the summers of 2003 and 2004, years 1 and 2 posttreatment. The HB treatment created a more open structure with greater coverage of debris and herbaceous plants than in controls. Increased forb coverage in HB plots yielded a more seasonally diverse foraging base for deer. Horizontal screening cover developed slowly in HB plots and was more abundant in control plots. Autumn and winter food-plant coverage for bobwhite was provided by either treatment, but accessibility was improved in HB plots relative to controls. Bobwhite nesting cover was improved by HB relative to controls but was still of marginal quality. Brood-rearing habitat was precluded in both treatments due to lack of bare ground. Our results indicate that imazapyr followed by prescribed fire is a beneficial tool for creating early succession habitat for deer and bobwhite in mid-rotation pine plantations with a history of agricultural use. Continued management with periodic prescribed fire and overstory thinning should be instituted to maintain and perhaps improve these conditions.
On the Griffith energy criterion for brittle fracture

Abstract The Griffith theory for unstable crack propagation is re-examined to investigate the difference of opinion as to the precise dependency of critical stress upon the elastic constant in a brittle material. The apparent disagreement arising from the calculation of strain energy stored in a cracked body loaded at infinity is resolved by the observation that the energy of the crack or cavity of certain shape is reasonably geometry independent. It is found from the solution of the concentric-annulus problem that the stresses and displacements on a closed contour about the cavity must be modified to yield the correct form of elastic energy. Clapeyron's theorem is employed so that the energy function may be derived from the work done by surface tractions. A general method for determining the strain energy in an infinite medium with cavities of arbitrary configuration is presented. Closed form solutions to the problem of an elliptically-shaped flaw are obtained and incorporated into a theory of brittle fracture. More specifically, critical stresses for an elliptical flaw or crack owing to biaxial tension and pure shear are provided. The present analysis also confirms Griffith's claim in 1924 that his original energy expression, published in 1921, is indeed erroneous.
[FeFe]-hydrogenase in Yellowstone National Park: Evidence for dispersal limitation and phylogenetic niche conservatism

Hydrogen (H2) has an important role in the anaerobic degradation of organic carbon and is the basis for many syntrophic interactions that commonly occur in microbial communities. Little is known, however, with regard to the biotic and/or abiotic factors that control the distribution and phylogenetic diversity of organisms which produce H2 in microbial communities. In this study, we examined the [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene (hydA) as a proxy for fermentative bacterial H2 production along physical and chemical gradients in various geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), WY, USA. The distribution of hydA in YNP geothermal springs was constrained by pH to environments co-inhabited by oxygenic phototrophs and to environments predicted to have low inputs of abiotic H2. The individual HydA asssemblages from YNP springs were more closely related when compared with randomly assembled communities, which suggests ecological filtering. Model selection approaches revealed that geographic distance was the best explanatory variable to predict the phylogenetic relatedness of HydA communities. This evinces the dispersal limitation imposed by the geothermal spring environment on HydA phylogenetic diversity even at small spatial scales. pH differences between sites is the second highest ranked explanatory variable of HydA phylogenetic relatedness, which suggests that the ecology related to pH imposes strong phylogenetic niche conservatism. Collectively, these results indicate that pH has imposed strong niche conservatism on fermentative bacteria and that, within a narrow pH realm, YNP springs are dispersal limited with respect to fermentative bacterial communities.
Physical aging in the mechanical properties of miscible polymer blends

Changes in mechanical properties during isothermal physical aging were investigated for three miscible blends: polystyrene (PS)/poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), PS/poly(vinylmethylether)(PVME), and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO). The kinetics of stress relaxation was investigated for the blend, dilute in one component, and compared with that of the neat major component at equal temperature distances, T g -T, from the midpoint glass transition temperature. It is demonstrated that for all three blends, the mean stress relaxation time does not scale with T g -T. For PS/PPO and PS/PVME blends, the stress relaxation rates are faster compared to neat PS; for PMMA/ PEO, they are slower than for neat PMMA. Two effects appear to be important in contributing to this discrepancy. First, addition of the second component produces a change in the packing density of the blend: less dense for PS/PPO and PS/PVME; more dense for PMMA/PEO. Comparison of average free volume hole sizes and fractional free volumes measured via orthopositronium annihilation lifetime measurements for all three blends versus the pure constituents are qualitatively consistent with this interpretation. Second, because of the presence of concentration fluctuations in the blend, it is expected that the initial stress decay is dominated by regions enriched in the more mobile component. From observations of the change in width of the stress relaxation time distribution, this effect appears to be particularly significant in the PS/PVME blend.
Hemodynamics of the hypogastric arterial circulation.

Abstract This study was designed to assess the major sources of collateral supply to the hypogastric arterial bed (HGA). Peak systolic HGA and radial arterial pressure were obtained before and after clamping a patent HGA and after additional clamping of the contralateral HGA, the contralateral external iliac artery (EIA), or the ipsilateral EIA both selectively and in combinations. These procedures were performed in 10 patients with aortoiliac (AI) aneurysms or occlusive disease. In seven patients with aneurysms, clamping the contralateral HGA decreased the HGA stump pressure index from 0.57 to 0.49 ( p p p > 0.05), and clamping only the ipsilateral EIA decreased the pressure index to 0.40 ( p
Psychic distance, psychic distance paradox and behavioral economics: Modeling MNC entry behavior in foreign markets

Abstract Assuming that MNCs face a much more complex environment that local enterprizes, the paper begins by discussing what economist Beckerman called psychic distance. After a historical discussion of this concept, I also discuss what O’Gardy and Lane called psychic distance paradox. Then, I argue that these two concepts have a great deal of relevance beyond their original intent of international trade-they are also relevant to FDI and all other formas of international production and exchange. Next, I argue, as I have done in several previous papers, that behavioral economics has a great deal of relevance to FDI and international productive activity; I also argue that behavioral economics can be utilized to describe the concepts of psychic distance and psychic distance paradox. Then, I develop a behavioral economics-based model that can explain the concepts of psychic distance and psychic distance paradox, and their relevance to the modes of entry of MNCs in international markets. In doing so, I argue that FDI and MNC behavior in general need not be explained outside of economics, since, in contrast to neo-classical economics, behavioral economics is capable of capturing the complexities of global markets.
Ultrasonic activated drug delivery from Pluronic P-105 micelles

Abstract Pluronic copolymer P-105 at micellar concentration of 10 wt% was found to increase the activity of the anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX) against HL-60 cells. Despite the enhanced activity, drug uptake by the cells from P-105 micelles (measured by fluorescence) was found to be much lower than that from a molecular solution of DOX (without the surfactant). Ultrasound (US) was applied as a tool to release drug from the micelles. Based on the combination of ultrasound and micellar treatment, doxorubicin exhibited IC 50 concentrations of 2.35, 0.9, 1.25, 0.19 μg/ml with respect to DOX, DOX/US, micellar DOX, and micellar DOX/US, respectively. The results suggest that by encapsulating the anti-cancer drug in micellar carriers and focussing ultrasound on the tumor site, a new approach to drug targetting can be developed.
Latent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Abstract Two cases are presented which show presumptive evidence that the mechanism producing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may lie dormant for considerable periods of time. The observations reported may be of importance in ultimately explaining this phenomenon. ∗ ∗The observations reported here have been offered in support of the accessory pathway hypothesis. They contribute nothing to the irritable focus theory, either to confirm or disprove it, since irritable foci are notably temperamental in performance.
Simplified magnetoaerodynamic flow relations for axisymmetric blunt bodies.

Vehicle-generated magnetic fields are expected to alter the aerodynamic, communications, and heating characteristics of hypersonic craft by interacting with their shock layers. Weak magnetic interactions in which the magnetic field perturbs but does not support the shock layer are examined for blunt, axisymmetric shapes with shock layers in shifting equilibrium. Relationships are established between a shock-based coordinate system and a body-based coordinate system. An inviscid velocity gradient at the stagnation point is developed in body coordinates from the work of Levy, Gierasch, and Henderson. The curvature of the shock wave may be determined from the stagnation-point velocity gradient. Expressions are developed for magnetic entropy production around the body, static pressure distribution based on modified Newtonian, and velocity distribution at the outer edge of the boundary layer These forms are suitable for use with a stream-tube analysis of a shock layer in chemical equilibrium; hence, they may be used to approximate communications properties. A magnetoaerodynamic laminar heating distribution is found, and a general expression for magnetoaerodynamic pressure drag coefficient is found for ellipsoid of revolution noses. All of these relations apply to axisymmetric blunt bodies with ratios of nose to base semiaxes of 0.4 or greater.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin in Serum and Tissue for Patients with Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (cSSTI)

Introduction Cefazolin is commonly used to treat complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTI) caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Enterobacteriaceae. We aimed to determine the variability of cefazolin exposure in interstitial fluid (ISF) of tissue and evaluate its dosing recommendations.
INVESTIGATING ESTIMATOR CONSISTENCY OF NONLINEAR GROWTH CURVE PARAMETERS

Researchers often model biological growth data as a nonlinear function of time. This function involves unknown parameters that have intrinsic meaning to the researchers. Maximum likelihood provides a way to estimate these parameters. We present asymptotic results for the maximum likelihood estimators when adopting the generalized logistic function. Under increasing-domain asymptotics, the maximum likelihood estimators are consistent. Under infill asymptotics, evidence suggests they are not.
Information counseling inventory of affective and cognitive reactions while learning the Internet

Abstract Library professionals in the information age are called upon to provide user-friendly information environments. To accomplish this, more detailed knowledge is needed about the information behavior of users. The concept “information counseling” reflects this new orientation and involves instruction activities such as: orienting, advising, and reassuring novice learners. The taxonomic approach transforms self-witnessing reports into classified segments of information behaviors at three levels of internalization and in three behavioral domains, including: affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor behavior. Reference librarians and instructors are invited to contribute to the taxonomy and make use of it in planning and designing programs and facilities. This behavioral inventory of information behaviors learning the Internet is presented with illustrative entries under each category for affective and cognitive behavior. Suggested uses for the inventory include promoting information self-counseling skill...
Hot tub folliculitis or hot hand–foot syndrome caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous gram-negative rod that can cause a well-recognized, acquired skin infection from bacterial colonization of contaminated water called "hot tub folliculitis." We report an outbreak of pseudomonas skin infection associated with the use of a hot tub at a pool party in 33 children. In particular, 2 of the children were admitted to our hospital; both presented with high leukocyte counts, intermittent low grade fevers, and painful, erythematous nodules and papules on their palms and soles. One of the 2 children also presented with small erythematous pustular lesions on the face and trunk, which led to the diagnosis. Cultures from these pustules grew P aeruginosa. Thirty two other children at this pool/hot tub party developed similar lesions of varying severity 6 to 48 hours after the party. These findings were most consistent with the diagnosis of pseudomonas folliculitis/hot hand.
Identification of aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a putative wnt/β-catenin pathway target gene in prostate cancer cells

Recent genetic and functional analyses have implicated the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in prostate cancer (CaP) pathogenesis. Thus, there is much interest in understanding the consequences of wnt signaling in CaP; target gene expression is one important area of inquiry and is the focus of this report. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of a mutant, hyperactive form of β-catenin in CWR22-Rv1 CaP cells led to increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR, or dioxin receptor) and transmembrane protein 2 RNA transcript expression, as detected by cDNA-microarray analyses. Validating these results, reverse transcription-PCR assays demonstrated that in CWR22-Rv1 cells as well as in LAPC-4 CaP cells, increased putative target gene RNA expression occurs with transient overexpression of mutant β-catenin, treatment of cells with lithium chloride, or with wnt3a-conditioned medium, three distinct modes of experimental wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. This β-catenin-associated expression of AhR and transmembrane protein 2 does not require de novo protein synthesis and may only involve a certain subset of CaP cell lines. Western and immunofluorescence analyses were undertaken to assess the relationship between the wnt/β-catenin-stimulated increase in AhR transcripts and AhR protein expression; we provide evidence that an association exists whereby up-regulation of AhR RNA by wnt or β-catenin is coupled with augmented AhR protein levels. Intriguingly, these studies also demonstrated that nuclear β-catenin staining may not be a sole deciding factor when predicting the status of wnt/β-catenin signaling in CaP cells. Finally, the extent to which wnt signaling may synergize with an environmental agonist of AhR (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) to potentiate AhR transcriptional activity was examined. Considering previous work linking AhR to processes of development and carcinogenesis, our data may highlight one particular role for wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate tumor biology.
Resonant fluorescent scattering of solar radiation by the fourth positive band system of CO

The resonant fluorescent scattering equations for a diatomic molecule are developed as a function of temperature, column density, and optical thickness of absorbing rotation lines. The equations are solved numerically for absorption of solar vacuum uv radiation by the carbon monoxide fourth positive band system. Saturation column densities are determined and computer spectra are presented. It is shown that at high column densities, fluorescent scattering of the solar Lyman α line by the (14,0) band constitutes a significant portion of the total absorption.
Fetal and neonatal dysrhythmia associated with a ventricular aneurysm.

The presentation and etiology of ventricular dysrhythmias in the newborn period are varied. Although the causes of newborn ventricular ectopy are diverse, in most cases they are idiopathic and self-resolving. The association between ventricular dysrhythmia and congenital ventricular aneurysm has been previously reported in older children and adults. We describe an unusual case of a ventricular aneurysm in a newborn who presented with fetal and perinatal dysrhythmia
On Levermore diffusion theory

Abstract Two aspects of the Levermore flux-limited diffusion description of radiative transfer are considered. First, the accuracy of the Levermore diffusion equation in the boundary layer of the classical Milne problem is investigated. This is done by making a modification to thediffusion equation, which ensures that the modified equation is exact for this Milne problem. The correction turns out to be quite small, suggesting that Levermore's original diffusion equation is probably reasonably accurate in boundary layers associated with vacuum (no incident flux) boundaries. Secondly, a general boundary condition for the Levermore diffusion equation is derived, which assures exact asymptotic transport theory results in the case of a single asymptotic mode. It is only for this class of problem that Levermore diffusion theory has the capability of being exact, and with this boundary condition this capability is fulfilled.
Bilateral feedback projections to the forebrain in the premotor network for singing in zebra finches

A discrete neural circuit mediates the production of learned vocalizations in oscine songbirds. Although this circuit includes some bilateral pathways at midbrain and medullary levels, the forebrain components of the song control network are not directly connected across the midline. There have been no previous reports of bilateral projections from medullary and midbrain vocal control nuclei back to the forebrain song system, but the existence of such bilateral corollary discharge pathways was strongly suggested by the recent observation that unilateral stimulation of a forebrain song nucleus during singing leads to a rapid readjustment of premotor activity in the contralateral forebrain. In the present study, we used neuroanatomical tracers to demonstrate bilateral projections from (a) the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL), which may control respiratory aspects of vocalization, to nucleus uvaeformis (Uva), and (b) the dorsomedial intercollicular nucleus (DM), a midbrain vocal control region, to Uva. Both RVL and DM receive descending projections from the forebrain song nucleus robustus archistriatalis, and Uva projects directly to the forebrain song nuclei interfacialis and high vocal center. We suggest that the bilateral feedback projections from DM and RVL to Uva function to coordinate the two hemispheres during singing in adult songbirds and to convey internal feedback of premotor signals to the forebrain in young birds that are learning to sing.
Supercharacters of unipotent groups defined by involutions

Abstract We construct supercharacter theories of finite unipotent groups in the orthogonal, symplectic and unitary types. Our method utilizes group actions in a manner analogous to that of Diaconis and Isaacs in their construction of supercharacters of algebra groups. The resulting supercharacter theories agree with those of Andre and Neto in the case of the unipotent orthogonal and symplectic groups and generalize to a large collection of subgroups. In the unitary group case, we describe the supercharacters and superclasses in terms of labeled set partitions and calculate the supercharacter table.
Characterization of glial subpopulations in cultures of the ovine central nervous system.

The cellular composition and in vitro development of glial cultures derived from the rat CNS has been well studied. However, less information is available on similar cultures from other species, particularly higher mammals. To study ovine glial development in vitro, cultures from 50-day fetal to adult animals were characterized with various immunocytochemical markers, which are frequently used to define neural cell subsets in rat cultures. As in rats, both A2B5+ and A2B5− astrocytes can be identified in ovine cultures. However, ovine A2B5+ and A2B5− could not be reliably differentiated by their morphology, which was more influenced by whether the cells were in serum-free or serum-containing media than by their A2B5-positive or -negative status. In addtion, ovine A2B5 + astrocytes were present in cultures from early fetal brain before the development of identifiable oligodendrocytes, unlike rat type II astrocytes, which develop only after the appearance of oligodendrocytes. An A2B5 + cell, morphologically similar to the rat 02-A cell, can be found in cultures from fetal ovine cerebrum or cerebellum. A2B5 +/ glial fibrillry acidic protein (GFAP)– cells in cultures from 100- to 115-day ovine cerebellum appeared to differentiate into A2B5 + astrocytes in serum-containing media. However, in serum-free media, although the A2B5 + cells assumed a more “oligodendroglial-like” morphology, they did not express galactocerebroside or myelin basic protein, suggesting that these cells may not be bipotential as is the rat 02-A cell. Oligodendroglial differentiation was not induced by treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP or insulin-like growth factor I. Many cells in cultures from a variety of fetal ages did not label with any of the immunocytochemical markers used, suggesting the need for more cell-type-specific markers to identify neural cell subsets in higher mammals.
Choroid plexus taurine transport

Abstract The putative osmoregulatory agent, taurine, is lost from the brain during hypo-osmotic stress or ischemia, but the regulatory mechanisms involved in this loss have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we have examined taurine transport by the isolated rat choroid plexus, one element of the brain-blood interface, and examined how it may be regulated as part of brain volume regulation. Choroid plexus taurine uptake was Na- and Cl-dependent with a Vmax and Km of 6.5 0.3 pmol/mg/min and 232 33 μM. The latter is substantially greater than the normal CSF taurine concentration and this may be important in removing taurine released into the CSF during parenchymal cell swelling. Taurine uptake also appears calmodulin dependent as it was reduced by 84 and 91% in the presence of 25 μM trifluoperazine and 100 μM W-7, two calmodulin inhibitors. Taurine efflux from choroid plexus was stimulated by trifluoperazine, taurine, and hypo-osmotic stress. The latter two effects were reduced by niflumic acid, suggesting that taurine and hypo-osmotic stress act on the same pathway. The stimulation of efflux by hypo-osmotic stress decreased with time, whereas the effect of external taurine was sustained. If this efflux pathway is involved in the movement of taurine from choroid plexus to blood, these results suggest that changes in extracellular taurine may be more important than the direct effect of hypo-osmolality in the long-term loss of taurine from the brain.
Enteral nutrition in patients with respiratory disease

Nutritional assessment and management is an important therapeutic modality in patients with respiratory disease. Malnutrition adversely affects respiratory function. Nutritional therapy for the spontaneously breathing patient should include an appropriate diet plus the consideration of nutritional supplements. Complete nutritional support should be undertaken with enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with respiratory failure. Nutritional complications occur. Overfeeding can lead to nutritionally associated hypercapnia.
Hartree-Fock Energy Bands for Krypton

We have computed the Hartree-Fock energy bands for solid krypton. The method used has been the orthogonalized plane wave (OPW) method. Calculations have been performed at the points Γ, X, L of the first Brillouin zone. Among the most interesting results are: 1. the computed energy gap is of ≈ 15 eV, a value larger than the measured optical gap; 2. the p-valence bands are relatively wide (≈ 2.8 eV). All these characteristics are in complete agreement with a previous Hartree-Fock band calculation for argon. We have included many-body effects using Fowler's theory of electronic polarization. Die Hartree-Fock Energiebander von festem Krypton werden nach der Methode der orthogonalisierten ebenen Wellen (OPW) berechnet. Die Berechnung wurde fur die Γ-, X-, und L-Punkte der ersten Brillouin-Zone durchgefuhrt. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind: 1. Die berechnete Breite der verbotenen Zone betragt ≈ 15 eV, ein Wert, der groser ist als der gemessenen optischen Bandabstand; 2. die p-Valenzbander sind ziemlich breit (2,8 eV). Diese Eigenschaften stimmen mit einer fruheren Hartree-Fock Energiebandberechnung an Argon uberein. Die Theorie der elektronischen Polarisation von Fowler wurde benutzt, um Mehrkorpereffekte zu berucksichtigen.
Grain Size and Mineralogy of Sediment Cores from Western Lake Huron

Abstract Grain size and mineralogical analyses along the lengths of 12 cores recovered from the Alpena and Manitoulin Basins, when combined with ages determined by C-14 dating of surficial and basal sediments, reveal an approximate sedimentary history of this part of Lake Huron. Reddish glaciolacustrine clays, essentially all 10 ϕ, crop out on the flanks of the sublacustrine basins and underlie gray post-glacial muds in the central basin regions. The post-glacial muds become more coarse in their upper portions where they are very fine silt. Detrital carbonates which comprise approximately 30% of older sediments are reduced in abundance by an order of magnitude in more recent deposits. We interpet these phenomena as recording lowered lake levels and reduced sedimentation rates since the Nipissing high stand which ended about 4,000 years ago.
Effects of Wet Etch Processing on Laser-Induced Damage of Fused Silica Surfaces

Laser-induced damage of transparent fused silica optical components by 355 nm illumination occurs primarily at surface defects produced during the grinding and polishing processes. These defects can either be surface defects or sub-surface damage.Wet etch processing in a buffered hydrogen fluoride (HF) solution has been examined as a tool for characterizing such defects. A study was conducted to understand the effects of etch depth on the damage threshold of fused silica substrates. The study used a 355 nm, 7.5 ns, 10 Hz Nd:YAG laser to damage test fused silica optics through various wet etch processing steps. Inspection of the surface quality was performed with Nomarski microscopy and Total Internal Reflection Microscopy. The damage test data and inspection results were correlated with polishing process specifics. The results show that a wet etch exposes subsurface damage while maintaining or improving the laser damage performance. The benefits of a wet etch must be evaluated for each polishing process.
Abnormal myocardial fatty acid metabolism in dilated cardiomyopathy detected by iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid and tomographic imaging.

Abstract The radioiodinated synthetic fatty acid iodine-123 Phenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) has proven useful in the identification of regional abnormalities of cardiac metabolism in patients with myocardial ischemia. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that the myocardial distribution and turnover of fatty acids, assessed noninvasively with IPPA, are altered in patients with cardiomyopathy. Nine normal volunteers and 19 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of various etiologies underwent cardiac imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after intravenous injection of IPPA. Apical short-axis and basal short-axis sections were reconstructed and quantitatively analyzed for relative IPPA activity distribution and washout. Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy demonstrated significantly greater heterogeneity of IPPA uptake than normal subjects (maximal percent variation of activity 27 ± 11 vs 18 ± 4, p Thus, compared with normal myocardium, the myocardium of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy demonstrates a more heterogeneous distribution of fatty acid uptake, which parallels the clinical severity of the disease. Furthermore, patients with congestive cardiomyopathy demonstrate a more rapid myocardial clearance of the labeled fatty acid, as assessed with SPECT imaging.
Neuroökonomie: Grundverständnis, Methoden und betriebswirtschaftliche Anwendungsfelder

Derzeit werden in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Forschung mit zunehmender Intensitat neurowissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und Methoden hinzugezogen, um die Zustande und Prozesse der ,,Black Box“ des menschlichen Gehirns vor, wahrend und nach okonomischen Entscheidungen praziser erklaren zu konnen. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die Grundlagen des sich hieraus entwickelnden Wissenschaftszweigs der Neurookonomie zu erlautern. Dabei werden die zugrunde liegenden neurowissenschaftlichen Methoden erlautert, Anwendungsfelder innerhalb der Betriebswirtschaftslehre abgegrenzt sowie eine kritische Wurdigung des momentanen Entwicklungsstands vorgenommen. Hiermit wird insbesondere die Zielsetzung verfolgt, die Neurookonomie fur eine grosere Anzahl von Wissenschaftlern der Forschungsdisziplin Betriebswirtschaftslehre zuganglich zu machen.
Effects of acute and chronic anti-panic drug administration on conflict behavior in the rat

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate further the utility of the Conditioned Suppression of Drinking (CSD) conflict pardigm as an animal model for the study of panic disorder and anti-panic agents. In daily 10-min sessions, water-deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube which was occasionally electrified (0.5 mA). Electrification was signalled by a tone. Desipramine (DMI), amitriptyline (AMI), or phenelzine (PHEN) was administered both in acute (10-min pre-treatment) and chronic (twice daily for up to 9 weeks) regimens. Acute administration of DMI, AMI or PHEN over a wide range of doses resulted in no change or a decrease in the number of shocks accepted and a decrease in water intake at higher doses. In contrast, chronic administration of each agent resulted in a gradual (2–4 week latency) increase in the number of shocks received in CSD sessions over the course of several weeks of testing. This time-dependent increase in punished responding in the CSD observed during chronic anti-panic drug treatment parallels the time-dependent reduction in the severity and frequency of panic attacks in panic disorder patients receiving chronic antidepressants. Thus, the CSD paradigm might serve as an animal model for the study of panic disorder and potential anti-panic agents.
The influence of estrogen on sterol synthesis in hypothyroid rats.

Abstract The interaction of hypothyroidism and estrogen administration on cholesterol metabolism was studied. Propylthiouracil (PTU) was administered in the drink for 3 weeks and estradiol benzoate in corn oil was injected subcutaneously every second day during the last two weeks. Four-hour incorporation of 14C-acetate into hepatic and serum digitonin-precipitable sterols was decreased by 50% in hypothyroid animals. Whereas 10 ug. of estradiol benzoate had no influence on cholesterol metabolism in euthyroid rats, the effect of PTU was completely reversed by concomitant estrogen. It is suggested that in the absence of thyroid hormone, estrogen may influence particular steps in the cholesterol metabolic sequence in such a way as to effect a net augmentation of sterol synthesis.
Postprandial Walking is Better for Lowering the Glycemic Effect of Dinner than Pre-Dinner Exercise in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

Objectives In prior studies of exercise done before or after breakfast and lunch, postprandial activity generally reduces glycemia more than pre-meal. This study sought to examine the effects of exercise before or after an evening meal. Design Examined the differing effects of a single bout of pre- or postprandial moderate exercise or no exercise on the glycemic response to an evening (dinner) meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Setting Community-dwelling participants tested at a research university in Virginia. Participants Twelve men and women subjects (mean age of 61.4 ± 2.7 years) with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and/or oral medications. Intervention Three trials conducted on separate days consisting of a rest day when subjects consumed a standardized dinner with a moderate glycemic effect and 2 exercise days when they undertook 20 minutes of self-paced treadmill walking immediately before or 15 to 20 minutes after eating. Measurements Blood samples taken every 30 minutes over a 4-hour period and later assayed for plasma glucose; from these data both absolute and relative changes in glucose levels were determined, as well as the total glucose area under the curve (AUC) of the 4-hour testing period. Initial samples were additionally assayed for glycated hemoglobin and lipid levels. Results Twenty minutes of self-paced walking done shortly after meal consumption resulted in lower plasma glucose levels at the end of exercise compared to values at the same time point when subjects had walked pre-dinner. Total glucose AUC over 4 hours was not significantly different among trials. Conclusion Postprandial walking may be more effective at lowering the glycemic impact of the evening meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with pre-meal or no exercise and may be an effective means to blunt postprandial glycemic excursions.
A biphasic influence of progesterone on sexual receptivity of spayed female rats

Abstract Recent studies on sexual receptivity have suggested that there are striking differences in response to progesterone between ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats and guinea pigs. Only in guinea pigs was a post-receptivity refractory period observed 24 hr after progesterone treatment. The current study sought to determine if the response to progesterone was influenced by the amount of priming estrogen used. Spayed female rats were primed with threshold amounts of estrogen for inducing receptivity and then subjected to different hormone and testing procedures. Progesterone facilitated receptivity shortly after the initial administration and induced a non-receptive condition 24 hr later. The post-receptivity refractoriness was not due to the effect of testing or to a passive reduction in the effect of estrogen priming and was prevented by additional estrogen. Under the conditions used in the present study progesterone exerts a biphasic influence on sexual receptivity of rats similar to that previously demonstrated for guinea pigs.
Hispanic Fertility, Religion and Religiousness in the U.S.

Is the higher fertility of Hispanics in the United States due to their religion and/or to their greater religiousness? Evidence from national survey data indicates no difference in fertility between Protestant and Catholic Hispanic women but Hispanics are more religious than non-Hispanics in terms of the perceived importance of religion in their personal lives. Religiousness is associated with higher fertility but Hispanic fertility is higher than non-Hispanic fertility regardless of religion or religiousness. Ethnic differences in education and income in turn are more important for fertility than the religious dimension.
Robustness Analysis based on Passivity

A new technique of robust stability analysis for multivariable control systems is introduced in this paper. Existing tools in the literature are mostly based on small gain type of conditions (such as the H ? -norm, ? measure etc.). In contrast, the approach presented here is motivated by passivity theory. The natural energy Lyapunov function associated with a passive system allows robustness to be analyzed with Lyapunov stability theory. Consequently nonlinear and time varying perturbations can be considered within the same framework. For unstructured uncertainties, the robustness margin is characterized in terms of an index related to the Hermitian part of a transfer function. If the uncertainties contain additional diagonal structure, stability margins are obtained for variations of each uncertain block in both positive and negative direction. Applications of this robustness analysis technique are illustrated in several examples.
Innovation: ahead of the pack(aging)

AbstractCustomers want the packaging to be more capacious, to accommodate ever hotter materials, to reduce dose rates, to have quicker approvals, not to mention to come in cheaper. On the other hand, safety authorities want increased safety, thorough justifications, and essentially no new concepts. To make ends meet, the key is innovation on all fronts. AREVA’s Logistics Business Unit has introduced a new concept, internally known as the ID school. It is a unique combination of innovation tools and methods. It blends an all-round technological watch, a system for collecting internal ideas, an extensive R&D program, state-of-the-art research and problem-solving software, a network of experts, an array of innovation methods and dedicated facilities that promote an innovative spirit. These tools apply to engineering, freight forwarding, organisation… and favour both individual initiative and teamwork. This paper describes each of these aspects, stressing the successes and expected benefits to come. It discus...
Cinderella's Stepsisters: A Feminist Perspective on Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

During my early months of internship in 1974 in the mental health section of a university clinic, I encountered Anne, a lively, attractive, and slim young woman of eighteen. For three years she had been on a cycle of gorging and starving which had continued without relief. She felt desperate and out of control. Anne was the first in a series of 138 binger-starvers that I was to treat. It became clear that the exaggerated gorging and purging reported by these patients was part of a self-perpetuating syndrome that was primarily a problem of women.2 The women I interviewed were
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Florida Key Deer Translocations

Abstract The endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) is endemic to the Lower Florida Keys. In recent years, habitat fragmentation and restricted dispersal have resulted in small, isolated herds on some islands. Recovery biologists proposed translocations to increase the island herds that had declined or remained low; however, efficacy of Key deer translocations had yet to be evaluated. Our objective was to evaluate survival, ranges, reproduction, and dispersal of translocated deer. During 2003–2005, we translocated 39 adult or yearling deer to Sugarloaf (approx. 19 km from trap site; 10 M, 14 F) and Cudjoe (approx. 15 km from trap site; 6 M, 9 F) keys. We kept deer in large, high-fenced holding pens (Sugarloaf = 7.7 ha, Cudjoe = 10.7 ha) on the destination islands for 3–6 months (i.e., soft release). We observed low mortality (n = 6 mortalities) of translocated deer with average annual survival (S) of 0.796 for both sexes. We found translocated deer had larger seasonal ranges than did...
The role of microstructure in the impact wear of two aluminum alloys

Abstract The impact wear resistance of two aluminum alloys was investigated using flat-ended aluminum specimens impacted upon a stainless steel counterface. The counterface itself was held stationary in some tests (pure normal impact) and moved transverse to the normal impact direction in other tests (compound impact). The alloys investigated were aluminum-copper: 2011-T3 which was formulated for free-machining applications and 2124 which possessed very high fracture toughness. Thus, one alloy favors crack nucleation and growth, while the other suppresses these. A variety of tests were conducted with both alloys in compound impact loading. The peak impulsive stress was found to influence wear rates significantly; the relative sliding velocity is also an important parameter. Surface and subsurface microscopy were used to define operative wear mechanisms. With the 2011-T3 alloy, the characteristic subsurface features support the delamination theory of wear. With the 2124 alloys, subsurface features differ significantly. These features are discussed in the light of microstructural variations in the alloys.