cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Rock

The geologist is interested in information such as the origin, history and other more highly technical characteristics of a given rock mass. The architect and engineer, however, are usually interested only in those characteristics which will enable them to predict the performance of the in situ rock as a suitable material upon which to bear the foundations of their building or other structure. Their interest, then, is to identify the specific kind of rock, to determine the existence and extent of jointing and weathering within the rock mass, and to determine the presence, source and elevation of ground water.
Exploring genome space

The completion of entire genome sequences of many experimental organisms, and the promise that the human genome will be completed in the next year, find biology suddenly awash in genome-based data. Scientists are scrambling to develop new technologies that exploit genome data to ask entirely new kinds of questions about the complex nature of living cells.
Long-Term Observations of Tropical Instability Waves

Abstract Reynolds sea surface temperature (SST) data showing tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the tropical Pacific are analyzed along with current measurements from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) buoy array and wind speeds from the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) -1 and -2 scatterometers. TIWs are visible as undulations in the SST cold fronts that delineate the northern and southern boundaries of the cold tongue in the equatorial Pacific. The SST pattern results from advection of the SST front by instabilities in the near-surface equatorial currents. Although the waves are seen on both sides of the Pacific cold tongue and north of the equator in the Atlantic, they are most intense, and thereby most observable, in the north equatorial Pacific. The combination of data used in this analysis provides information about these waves, the factors controlling them, and their coupling to the atmosphere on annual and interannual timescales. On annual timescales, the TIWs generally establish a strong...
Highly configurable software architecture framework for acquisition and visualization of biometric data

The research in augmented cognition and its practical applications rely heavily on the acquisition and evaluation of biometrics data. We propose software architecture that offers unified approach to the integration of emerging hardware and evaluation technologies. In this paper we focus on the software layers that combine the data events and offer visual representations of the results. In particular, we show that the common evaluation of the collected data as well as the commonly used graphical depictions of the results can be achieved using a fully modular and extendible software architecture.
Learning continuous models for estimating intrinsic component images

The goal of computer vision is to use an image to recover the characteristics of scene, such as its shape or illumination. This is difficult because an image is the mixture of multiple characteristics. For example, an edge in an image could be caused by either an edge on a surface or a change in the surface's color. Distinguishing the effects of different scene characteristics is an important step towards high-level analysis of an image. This thesis describes how to use machine learning to build a system that recovers different characteristics of the scene from a single, gray-scale image of the scene. The goal of the system is to use, the observed image to recover images, referred to as Intrinsic Component Images, that represent the scene's characteristics. The development of the system is focused on estimating two important characteristics of a scene, its shading and reflectance, from a single image. From the observed image, the system estimates a shading image, which captures the interaction of the illumination and shape of the scene pictured, and an albedo image, which represents ow the surfaces in the image reflect light. Measured both qualitatively and quantitatively, this system produces state-of-the-art estimates of shading and albedo images. This system is also flexible enough to be used for the separate problem of removing noise from an image. Building this system requires algorithms for continuous regression and learning the parameters of a Conditionally Gaussian Markov Random Field. Unlike previous work, this system is trained using real-world surfaces with ground-truth shading and albedo images. The learning algorithms are designed to accommodate the large amount of data in this training set. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Isolated chronic tricuspid insufficiency due to closed chest trauma: Report of a case with long-term follow-up

A case of isolated chronic tricuspid insufficiency due to closed chest trauma is described in this report. Studies for carcinoid syndrome were negative. At surgery the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve appeared to be torn and disrupted. The other leaflets were shortened and atrophic. The results of pre- and postoperative cardiac catheterization with long-term follow-up to the present, and the available literature on this rare entity has been briefly reviewed.
Is Care for the Dying Improving in the United States

Abstract Background: Striking changes occurred in health care in the United States between 2000 and 2013, including growth of hospice and hospital-based palliative care teams, and changes in Medicare payment policies. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare informants' reports and ratings of the quality of end-of-life care for decedents between 2000 and 2011–2013. Methods: The study design comprised retrospective national surveys. Subjects were decedents age 65 years and older residing in the community from two time periods. Similar survey questions were asked at the two time periods. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted, using appropriate survey weights to examine response differences between time periods, after adjusting for the decedent's age, race, pattern of functional decline, and the presence of a cancer diagnosis, as well as the respondent's relationship to the decedent. Results: A total of 1208 informants were interviewed; 622 in 2000 and 586 in 2011–2013. Respondents from d...
SEQUENCE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

We have compared nucleotide sequences of corresponding segments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila melanogaster, which contain the genes for six proteins and seven tRNAs. The overall frequency of substitution between the nucleotide sequences of these protein genes is 7.2%. As was found for mtDNAs from closely related mammals, most substitutions (86%) in Drosophila mitochondrial protein genes do not result in an amino acid replacement. However, the frequencies of transitions and transversions are approximately equal in Drosophila mtDNAs, which is in contrast to the vast excess of transitions over transversions in mammalian mtDNAs. In Drosophila mtDNAs the frequency of C ↔ T substitutions per codon in the third position is 2.5 times greater among codons of two-codon families than among codons of four-codon families; this is contrary to the hypothesis that third position silent substitutions are neutral in regard to selection. In the third position of codons of four-codon families transversions are 4.6 times more frequent than transitions and A ↔ T substitutions account for 86% of all transversions. Ninety-four percent of all codons in the Drosophila mtDNA segments analyzed end in A or T. However, as this alone cannot account for the observed high frequency of A ↔ T substitutions there must be either a disproportionately high rate of A ↔ T mutation in Drosophila mtDNA or selection bias for the products of A ↔ T mutation.—Consideration of the frequencies of interchange of AGA and AGT codons in the corresponding D. yakuba and D. melanogaster mitochondrial protein genes provides strong support for the view that AGA specifies serine in the Drosophila mitochondrial genetic code.
Phosphoprotein Isotope-Coded Solid-Phase Tag Approach for Enrichment and Quantitative Analysis of Phosphopeptides from Complex Mixtures

Many cellular processes are regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation, and the ability to broadly identify and quantify phosphoproteins from proteomes would provide a basis for gaining a better understanding of these dynamic cellular processes. However, such a sensitive, efficient, and global method capable of addressing the phosphoproteome has yet to be developed. Here we describe an improved stable-isotope labeling method using a phosphoprotein isotope-coded solid-phase tag (PhIST) for isolating and measuring the relative abundances of phosphorylated peptides from complex peptide mixtures resulting from the enzymatic digestion of extracted proteins. The PhIST approach is an extension of the previously reported phosphoprotein isotope-coded affinity tag (PhIAT) approach developed by our laboratory,1,2 where phosphoseryl and phosphothreonyl residues were derivatized by hydroxide ion-mediated β-elimination followed by the Michael addition of 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT). Instead of using the biotin affinit...
Flocculation of high purity wheat straw soda lignin

In industrial process, acidification causes non-sulfonated lignin insolubility. The flocculants poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) and bovine blood (BB) also caused lignin insolubility while cationic polyacrylamide, chitosan, and soy protein PF 974 were ineffective. Turbidity determined optimal flocculant, but turbidity magnitude with BB was greater than expected. pDADMAC caused negative lignin Zeta potential to became positive, but BB-lignin Zeta potential was always negative. Insoluble lignin did not gravity sediment, and flocculant–lignin mixtures were centrifuged. Pellet and supernatant dry mass and corrected spectroscopic results were in good agreement for optimal pDADMAC and BB. Spectroscopy showed 87–92% loss of supernatant lignin. Nitrogen analysis showed BB concentrated in the pellet until the pellet became saturated with BB. Subtracting ash and BB mass from pellet and supernatant mass confirmed optimal BB. Low levels of alum caused increased lignin flocculation at lower levels of pDADMAC and BB, but alum did not affect optimal flocculant.
Graft Size and Patient Age Are Predictors of Early Revision After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft

Purpose To evaluate whether decreased hamstring autograft size and decreased patient age are predictors of early graft revision. Methods Of 338 consecutive patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft, 256 (75.7%) were evaluated. Graft size and patient age, gender, and body mass index at the time of ACL reconstruction were recorded, along with whether subsequent ACL revision was performed. Results The 256 patients comprised 136 male and 120 female patients and ranged in age from 11 to 52 years (mean, 25.0 years). The mean follow-up was 14 months (range, 6 to 47 months). Revision ACL reconstruction was performed in 18 of 256 patients (7.0%) at a mean of 12 months after surgery (range, 3 to 31 months). Revision was performed in 1 of 58 patients (1.7%) with grafts greater than 8 mm in diameter, 9 of 139 patients (6.5%) with 7.5- or 8-mm-diameter grafts, and 8 of 59 patients (13.6%) with grafts 7 mm or less in diameter ( P = .027). There was 1 revision performed in the 137 patients aged 20 years or older (0.7%), but 17 revisions were performed in the 119 patients aged under 20 years (14.3%) ( P P = .005), decreased graft size (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.00 to 4.85; P = .05), and increased follow-up time (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12) were associated with increased risk of revision. Conclusions Decreased hamstring autograft size and decreased patient age are predictors of early graft revision. Use of hamstring autografts 8 mm in diameter or less in patients aged under 20 years is associated with higher revision rates. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Use of Disulfide “Staples” to Stabilize β-Sheet Quaternary Structure

This Letter reports the use of disulfide linkages to stabilize a β-sheet dimer with a well-defined structure in aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. In this dimer, two cyclic β-sheet peptides ...
Ni overlayer on a Cu{100} substrate: Magnetism and surface states

Self-consistent local-orbital (SCLO) calculations were performed for a $p(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ monolayer of Ni on a three-layer Cu{100} substrate. The magnetic moment of the supported monolayer was found to be $0.24{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$, compared with the value $0.98{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ obtained for the free monolayer. Factors which suppress the magnetism include hybridization of Ni and Cu orbitals, and surface $\mathrm{sp}\ensuremath{-}d$ charge transfer. Energy bands computed for the Ni/Cu sandwich include surface-state bands which closely resemble those obtained earlier for the free Ni monolayer, except for their much smaller exchange splittings.
Mechanisms of excitatory synapse maturation by trans-synaptic organizing complexes

Synapses are specialized cell-cell adhesion contacts that mediate communication within neural networks. During development, excitatory synapses are generated by step-wise recruitment of presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins to sites of contact. Several classes of synaptic organizing complexes have been identified that function during the initial stages of synapse formation. However, mechanisms underlying the later stages of synapse development are less well understood. In recent years, molecules have been discovered that appear to play a role in synapse maturation. In this review, we highlight recent findings that have provided key insights for understanding postsynaptic maturation of developing excitatory synapses with a focus on recruitment of AMPA receptors to developing synapses.
County-Level Social Environment Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life Among US Adults: A Multilevel Analysis

To show that an individual’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is not determined only by their personal-level characteristics, but also is socially determined by both physical and social environmental characteristics of their communities. This analysis examined the association of selected county-level indicators on respondents’ unhealthy days and assessed the utility of mean unhealthy days for US counties as community health indicators. Data came from the 1999–2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used multilevel models to calculate the proportion of between-county variation in HRQOL that was explained by county-level contextual variables and examine the causal heterogeneity of some personal-level factors modified by these contextual variables. Counties with worse socioeconomic indicators, high mortality rate, and low life expectancy were associated with higher numbers of unhealthy days. These indicators explained 13–22% variance of county-level physically unhealthy days and 4.5–9.5% variance of county-level mentally unhealthy days. The GINI index, suicide rate, percent uninsured, primary care facilities-to-population ratio, and most county-level demographic and housing indicators also had significant but smaller impact on respondents’ unhealthy days. Also, the counties with poorer socioeconomic scores had additional negative HRQOL impact on older persons. This study provides important new empirical information on whether various commonly-measured characteristics of the social environment, which are believed to be social determinants of health, are in fact associated with the perceived physical and mental health of its residents. Our findings provide additional support for the construct validity of county-level HRQOL as a community health indicator.
ACM SIGGRAPH education committee activities for computer graphics educators

ACM SIGGRAPH supports computer graphics educators and students through the activities and projects of its education committee. These include curriculum studies, publication of informational materials, support of projects with educational value and several ACM SIGGRAPH conference-related activities. This paper discusses these activities and the associated resources that the education committee is making available for computer graphics educators. The primary focus is on activities that have been initiated since last year's comprehensive report (Computer Graphics 27(1) January 1993) and ongoing activities.
Relations of college students' attitudes toward prevention of HIV and AIDS.

This study investigated current attitudes towards HIV prevention in a sample of 1,061 college students enrolled at a midwestern university. The survey was a self-administered set of 8 demographic questions and 15 questions about attitudes. The findings indicated sex difference in overall attitudes, with females having more positive attitudes than male peers with regard to HIV prevention. Also, analysis of variance indicated ethnicity was related to overall attitudes toward HIV prevention. It appears that education which might reduce the prevalence of HIV infection should consider programs specific to sex and ethnicity.
Common variant of human NEDD4L activates a cryptic splice site to form a frameshifted transcript

The ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L is a candidate gene for essential hypertension on both functional and genetic grounds. By targeting the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) for degradation, NEDD4L is a significant determinant of sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. Genetic linkage has been reported to a region of chromosome 18q harboring the gene, with phenotypes that include a rare orthostatic hypotension disorder, essential hypertension, and postural change in systolic blood pressure. A systematic search for genetic polymorphisms by resequencing exons and intron boundaries in 48 Caucasians yielded 38 variants. Among these, variant 13 is common, with either G (70%) or A (30%) as the last nucleotide of a putative exon 1. This mutation could affect the generation of a previously unrecognized splice isoform. In subsequent experiments, (1) we confirmed the presence of this putative isoform in both kidney and adrenals; (2) we established that variant 13-A leads to the systematic use of an alternative splice site, generating a transcript encoding a nonfunctional protein; and (3) we demonstrated differences in tissue-specific expression of the novel isoform relative to its previously reported counterpart. Variant 13-A precludes the formation of a transcript encoding a full-length Ca2+-dependent lipid-binding (C2) domain with very high evolutionary conservation among NEDD4L orthologs. A similar C2 domain in the paralogous NEDD4 gene plays a significant role in the transfer of its product to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Differential function of NEDD4L isoforms could prove significant in blood pressure regulation through an effect on ENaC-dependent sodium reabsorption.
The influence of HIV-related support groups on survival in women who lived with HIV. A pilot study.

To determine the effect of support groups on survival, the authors retrospectively studied 21 HIV-seropositive women who died during the course of participation in a natural history study of HIV. Groups were composed of women who self-selected HIV support groups before death ( n =11) and a comparison group ( n =10). Survival analysis found group participation to be associated with increased longevity (73 months vs. 45 months; P =0.011). Proportional-hazards regression demonstrated that HIV-related support groups and smaller family size significantly influenced survival ( P =0.0002). Factors related to group participation and ways in which support groups might promote longevity are discussed.
Polymerization and viscoelastic behavior of networks from a dual‐curing, liquid crystalline monomer

The network formation and viscoelastic behavior of a liquid crystalline monomer, whose structure includes both acrylate and acetylene reactive groups, have been studied. By combining both photo and thermal polymerization, the networks can be formed in two separate steps, with the initial photopolymerization dominated by acrylate crosslinking and subsequent thermal polymerization dominated by acetylene crosslinking. In addition, the monomer exhibits a liquid crystalline phase. Photopolymerization while in the liquid crystal phase locks in the molecular ordering. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that networks formed from the liquid crystalline phase have lower crosslink densities and narrower distributions of molecular weights between crosslinks when compared to networks formed from the isotropic phase (and at higher polymerization temperatures). After thermal postcure at 250°C, the networks formed from the isotropic monomer have a 23% higher dynamic mechanical storage modulus (in the glassy state) than the networks formed from the liquid crystalline monomer. The thermally postcured networks have unusually high glass-transition temperatures, which exceed 300°C. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1183–1190, 1999
On light-scattering studies of isoionic proteins.

Abstract The calculations described here show that, in light-scattering studies on isoionic proteins, the attractive force due to charge fluctuations results in a considerable contribution to the derivative of the excess chemical potential of the protein with respect to its concentration in the presence of salt as well as in the salt-free case. This attractive force is sometimes sufficient to contribute significantly to the negative values of the slopes of light-scattering plots even in the case of proteins which carry a nonvanishing mean electric charge from ion-binding. Thus, it appears that the interaction of fluctuating charges provides at least a partial explanation for the negative slopes often observed in light-scattering experiments on isoionic proteins in the presence of salt.
Aspects of signal transduction in stimulus exocytosis-coupling in Paramecium.

This paper deals with the detailed mechanisms of signal transduction that lead to exocytosis during regulative secretion induced by specific secretagogues in a eukaryotic cell, Paramecium tetraurelia. There are at least three cellular compartments involved in the process: (I) the plasma membrane, which contains secretagogue receptors and other transmembrane proteins, (II) the cytoplasm, particularly in the region between the cell and secretory vesicle membranes, where molecules may influence interactions of the membranes, and (III) the secretory vesicle itself. The ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia is very well suited for the study of signal transduction events associated with exocystosis because this eukaryotic cell contains thousands of docked secretory vesicles (trychocysts) below the cell membrane which can be induced to release synchronously when trioggered with secretagogue. This ensures a high signal-to-noise ratio for events associated with this process. Upon release the trichocyst membrane fuses with the cell membrane fuses with the cell membrane and the trichocyst content undergoes a Ca2+-dependent irreversible expansion. Secretory mutants are available which are blocked at different points in the signal transduction pathway. Aspects of the three components mentioned above that will be discussed here include (a) the properties of the vesicle content, its pH, and its membrane; (b) the role of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of a cytosolic 63-kilodalton (kDa)Mr protein in membrane fusion; and (c) how influx of extracellular Ca2+ required for exocytosis may take place via exocytic Ca2+ channels which may be associated with specific membrane microdomains (fusion rosettes).
On the solution of concave knapsack problems

We consider a version of the knapsack problem which gives rise to a separable concave minimization problem subject to bounds on the variables and one equality constraint. We characterize strict local miniimizers of concave minimization problems subject to linear constraints, and use this characterization to show that although the problem of determining a global minimizer of the concave knapsack problem is NP-hard, it is possible to determine a local minimizer of this problem with at most O(n logn) operations and 1+[logn] evaluations of the function. If the function is quadratic this algorithm requires at most O(n logn) operations.
95. Antisense directed against the amyloid precursor protein reduces cytokine expression in the brain and improves learning and memory in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia thought to be caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. The Aβ peptide is produced in the brain from enzymatic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Genetic mutations in APP lead to hereditary forms of AD, due to overexpression of APP and/or aberrant processing of Aβ. This accelerates Aβ accumulation in the brain. The Tg2576 mouse model overexpresses a mutant form of APP, which leads to AD neuropathology and impairment in learning and memory. Here, we show that intravenous administration of antisense oligonucleotide targeting APP is effective in the Tg2976 model at inhibiting APP expression in the brain and improving cognition. Because altered cytokine expression profiles have been observed in AD, we used a multiplex panel to measure 23 cytokines and chemokines in the brains of aged Tg2976 mice treated with APP-targeted antisense or random sequence control antisense. Our findings were that of 11 detectable cytokines, interleukins 1β, 9, and 13, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC/CXCL1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), and eotaxin (CCL11) expression were significantly reduced by APP antisense treatment compared to control. These findings suggest that reduction of APP and Aβ overexpression may improve cognition by reducing inflammation in the central nervous system.
Large Scale Screening of Digeneans for Neorickettsia Endosymbionts Using Real-Time PCR Reveals New Neorickettsia Genotypes, Host Associations and Geographic Records

Digeneans are endoparasitic flatworms with complex life cycles including one or two intermediate hosts (first of which is always a mollusk) and a vertebrate definitive host. Digeneans may harbor intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Neorickettsia (order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae). Some Neorickettsia are able to invade cells of the digenean's vertebrate host and are known to cause diseases of wildlife and humans. In this study we report the results of screening 771 digenean samples for Neorickettsia collected from various vertebrates in terrestrial, freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats in the United States, China and Australia. Neorickettsia were detected using a newly designed real-time PCR protocol targeting a 152 bp fragment of the heat shock protein coding gene, GroEL, and verified with nested PCR and sequencing of a 1371 bp long region of 16S rRNA. Eight isolates of Neorickettsia have been obtained. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 7 of these isolates, provisionally named Neorickettsia sp. 1–7 (obtained from allocreadiid Crepidostomum affine, haploporids Saccocoelioides beauforti and Saccocoelioides lizae, faustulid Bacciger sprenti, deropegid Deropegus aspina, a lecithodendriid, and a pleurogenid) represent new genotypes and one (obtained from Metagonimoides oregonensis) was identical to a published sequence of Neorickettsia known as SF agent. All digenean species reported in this study represent new host records. Three of the 6 digenean families (Haploporidae, Pleurogenidae, and Faustulidae) are also reported for the first time as hosts of Neorickettsia. We have detected Neorickettsia in digeneans from China and Australia for the first time based on PCR and sequencing evidence. Our findings suggest that further surveys from broader geographic regions and wider selection of digenean taxa are likely to reveal new Neorickettsia lineages as well as new digenean host associations.
Adsorption of H2 and CO on clean and oxidized (110) Pt

Abstract Binding states and sticking coefficients of CO and H2 on clean and oxide covered (110) planes of Pt are examined using flash desorption mass spectrometry to characterize binding states and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to characterize oxide densities. It is found that on the oxide both adsorbates have new binding states with significantly higher binding energies than on the clean surface. For H2 the binding states associated with the clean surface are also shifted to higher energies as the oxide coverage increases. The oxide state for H2 desorbs with first order kinetics, and isotope exchange experiments are used to examine exchange between isotopes and between states. The initial sticking coefficients for CO are 1.0 and 0.85 on clean and oxidized surfaces, and the initial sticking coefficient for H2 increases from 0.15 on the clean surface to 0.28 on the oxidized surface. Enhanced bonding on the oxide is interpreted in terms of models involving microfacets, electronic structure alteration, and compound formation.
The Library is Dead, Long Live the Library! The Practice of Academic Librarianship and the Digital Revolution

As a direct consequence of the digital revolution, academic libraries today face competition as information providers. Using Richard N. Foster's technology S curves as the analytical model, this article shows that academic libraries are in the midst of discontinuous change by questioning a number of assumptions that support the current practice of academic librarianship. The authors challenge these assumptions, and analyze the manner in which digital communications affect academic libraries.
Stage II invasive adenocarcinoma of the ovary: results of treatment by whole abdominal radiation plus pelvic boost versus pelvic radiation plus oral melphalan chemotherapy.

Abstract Thirty-one patients with histologically confirmed FIGO Stage II adenocarcinoma of the ovary were prospectively treated in two sequential studies: (1) 3000 rad of whole abdominal radiation therapy over 6 weeks by an open field technique followed by 2000 rad pelvic boost over 2 weeks (group 1, 16 patients, 1972–1974) or (2) 5000 rad of pelvic radiation therapy over 5 weeks followed by a year of melphalan chemotherapy at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for 5 days every 4 weeks (group 2,15 patients, 1975–1982). Abdominal radiation included the entire peritoneal cavity and both diaphragms; the liver was not shielded. Only 2 patients had residual disease greater than 2 cm. No group 1 patients underwent pretherapy restaging laparoscopy prior to radiation or second look laparotomy after treatment. Eighty percent of group 2 patients underwent restaging laparoscopy (10) or staging laparotomy (2) prior to radiation. All group 2 patients underwent second look procedures if no evidence of disease. No patient developed intestinal complications secondary to radiation requiring surgery. Eighty-one percent of group 1 patients and to date 40% of group 2 patients developed recurrences. Size of residual disease prior to radiation, histologic grade, and substage (IIA, B, or C) did not correlate with recurrences. Five-year estimated survival was 40 and 50% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Three thousand rad of wole abdominal radiation plus 2000 rad pelvic boost or 5000 rad pelvic radiation plus melphalan did not appear to improve survival over surgery alone. The role of radiation therapy in Stage II ovarian cancer remains unclear.
Medical problems of homeless and nonhomeless persons attending an inner-city clinic: a comparative study.

The identification of homelessness as a national problem has focused attention on defining the needs of this sizable population. Existing studies on the medical problems of the homeless are largely descriptive and are limited by lack of comparison to nonhomeless persons. To help fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted a retrospective study of the medical problems of homeless and nonhomeless persons cared for in an outpatient clinic serving the medically indigent. Homeless persons (n = 150) were more likely to be identified as alcoholic and to be seen for cuts and gynecologic problems than nonhomeless persons (n = 154) (p < .01). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of other illnesses considered to be prevalent in the homeless. This study is among the first that validates descriptive data on the health problems of homeless persons by using concurrent nonhomeless controls. It may help in designing programs to meet the medical needs of the homeless.
Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during surgery for congenital heart defects

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to further define the impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during surgery for congenital heart disease and to determine appropriate indications. Methods: The impact of transesophageal echocardiography on patient care was assessed in 1002 patients who underwent this procedure during surgery for congenital heart defects. It had major impact when new information altered the planned procedure or led to a revision of the initial repair. The safety of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was evaluated by review of the prospective data sheets and the medical record. A simple relative cost analysis was also performed. Results: Patient median age was 9.9 years (range 2 days to 85 years). Transesophageal echocardiography had prebypass or postbypass major impact in 13.8% of cases (n = 138/1002). Major impact was more frequent during reoperations ( P Conclusions: On the combined basis of the observed rates of major impact, the minimal complications, and the relative cost advantage, we believe that routine use of transesophageal echocardiography during most intracardiac repairs of congenital heart defects is justified, particularly for patients undergoing repeat operations for congenital cardiac malformations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:1176-82
Collagen- and laminin-containing gels impede peripheral nerve regeneration through semipermeable nerve guidance channels

Semipermeable guidance channels were filled with saline, collagen-, or laminin-containing gels and used to repair a 4-mm sciatic nerve gap in mice. After 12 weeks, nerve cables regenerated in gel-filled channels displayed fewer myelinated axons than saline-filled channels. Remnants of the exogenous substrates were still in evidence, in amounts related to the initial collagen or laminin gel concentration. The impairment of nerve regeneration by collagen or laminin-containing gels suggests that the regenerative environment created within semipermeable channels is not improved by the addition of growth substrates in a gel form.
Wall-Layer Scale Electromagnetic Turbulence Control in an Axisymmetric Body

The progress made with the control of turbulence in a boundary layer developing over a small axisymmetric body in saltwater at moderate Reynolds numbers is briefly described. A resonance-interference mechanism of control by means of a small periodic Lorenz force confined to the near-wall region, designed to overcome the issue of low efficiency of electromagnetic turbulence control in general, is attempted to alter surface normal turbulence near-wall. At a low momentum thickness Reynolds number of 2300, drag is reduced by 15–25% at a freestream speed of 5.12 m/s with an efficiency of 2–3.4%. Bi-polar pulsing succeeds in lowering surface-normal turbulence intensity near wall. It also makes wall pressure fluctuations less spiky. Positive uni-polar pulsing is found to weaken the sources of wall-pressure fluctuations residing in the logarithmic region of the boundary layer. Further confirmatory work is needed with robust electrodes and drag measurements on a large diameter axisymmetric body.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Fluorescence spectra of aminoboranes. The nature of emission in boron—nitrogen analogs of stilbene and styrene and characterization of aminoborane singlet excited states

Abstract Fluorescence spectra of ten aminoborane analogs of stilbenes and styrenes are generally structureless, even at 77 K; have modest (ca. 8 kcal/mol) Stokes shifts; are significantly red-shifted in polar solvents; and are in-plane polarized. The fluorescence spectra contrast with the more structured absorption spectra, which also show smaller solvent shifts. The data are interpreted in terms of π—π ★ emission from a polar excited state to a less polar, more rigidly planar ground state. The possible involvement of σ—π ★ transitions and the differences between these systems and the related, but sterically crowded, (anilino)dimesitylboranes are discussed.
Naturally occurring genetic variation affecting the expression of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetic variation among second and third chromosomes from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster affects the activity level of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8; GPDH) at both the larval and the adult stages. The genetic effects, represented by differences among chromosome substitution lines with coisogenic backgrounds, are very repeatable over time and are generally substantially larger than environmental and measurement error effects. Neither the GPDH allozyme, the geographic origin, nor the karyotype of the chromosome contributes significantly to GPDH activity variation. The strong relationship between GPDH activity level and GPDH-specific CRM level, as well as our failure to find any thermostability variation among the lines, indicates that most, if not all, of the activity variation is due to variation in the steady-state quantity of enzyme rather than in its catalytic properties. The lack of a strong relationship between adult and larval activity levels suggests the importance of stage- or isozyme-specific effects.
The Emerging Organizational Synthesis In Modern American History

Almost unnoticed in the midst of revisionist attacks on progressive history and the rise of the New Left, an organizational synthesis has been emerging which offers much to the student of modern America. Professor Galambos presents a historiographical survey of this synthesis and concludes that its chief strength is a mode of analysis blending the traditional tools of historical thought with ideas from the behavioral sciences.
Quine on Natural Kinds

(1972). Quine on Natural Kinds. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 263-270.
Abelian and nondiscrete convergence groups on the circle

A group G of homeomorphisms of the unit circle onto itself is a convergence group if every sequence of elements of G contains a subsequence, say gn , such that either (i) gn g and g, 1 -* g -1 uniformly on the circle where g is a homeomorphism, or (ii) gn -xo and gn71 ' yo uniformly on compact subsets of the complements of {yo} and {xo}, respectively, for some points xo and yo of the circle (possibly xo = yo ). For example, a group of K-quasisymmetric maps, for a fixed K, is a convergence group. We show that if G is an abelian or nondiscrete convergence group, then there is a homeomorphism f such that foGofI is a group of M6bius transformations.
Oceanography: Plankton in an acidified ocean

The pH of the ocean is expected to drop 0.3 units in the next century. This change is well within the pH range that plankton experience at present, but research suggests that changes in acidity near their cell surface could be larger.
Incidence of repeat-breeding among Angus bulls (Bos taurus) differing in sexual performance

Rams exhibiting relatively high levels of sexual performance (HP) repeat-breed the same female fewer times than low-performing (LP) rams. The objective of this study was to determine if HP and LP bulls differed in their tendency to repeat-breed individual females. Eighteen sexually experienced Angus bulls (20–60 months of age) were tested individually with 10 unrestrained, estrous females. The sexual behaviors of all cattle were recorded until the bull achieved six services (ejaculations). Bulls were tested on 2 days with at least 10 days between tests. Frequencies of recorded sexual behaviors were higher for LP than HP bulls (P<0.05), possibly because of the greater time spent in attaining six services. LP and HP bulls did not differ in the number of females serviced. LP bulls serviced the same number of individual females in both tests (4.0±0.3). However, HP bulls serviced a greater number of individual females (repeat-bred less) during Test 2 than Test 1 (4.7±0.3 and 3.0±0.3; P<0.05). There was no correlation between time to attain six services and the number of different females serviced (r=0.04), but the number of different females serviced positively correlated with age of the bull (r=0.53, P<0.05). Repeat-breeding of at least one female was observed in 33 of 36 tests (92%). Repeat-breeding at least one female twice in succession was observed in 24 of 36 tests (67%). There were 12 of 36 tests (33%) in which a female was serviced twice but not in succession. Females were serviced three times in succession in seven tests (19.4%). Sexual performance level did not influence mate preferences or the incidence of repeat-breeding during tests.
Design of two-dimensional nonrecursive filters based on frequency transformations

Presents a simple and efficient method to design 2-D zero-phase nonrecursive filters based on frequency transformations. The method involves the formulation of an error along the desired contour in a quadratic form. It is shown that the method results in scaling-free transformation coefficients.
Occurrence of the Si–V defect center in natural colorless gem diamonds

Abstract The Si–V defect center in diamond (737 nm; 1.682 eV) was long thought to occur only in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown or Si-doped HPHT-grown synthetic diamonds. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of the Si–V defect in ten gem-quality colorless natural diamonds. Many of these samples, including type IIa and Ia diamonds, contained included crystals of olivine (Fo 93–95 ) and garnet (Ca–Mg-rich), proving their natural origin. The 737 nm photoluminescence feature (actually a doublet at 736.5 and 736.9 nm at 77 K) occurred in association with several additional and previously unreported peaks at 524.4, 550.4, 554.3, 557.9, 558.2, 573.5, 593.3, 594.8, and 714.7 nm, as well as two series of peaks in the ranges 535–539 and 644–652 nm. The intensities of the associated peaks were proportional to the 737 features, suggesting their association with Si as well. Based on olivine (Fo 0.93–0.95 ) and garnet inclusion (Ca, Mg-rich) chemistry, these diamonds are peridotitic in nature, likely having formed in the upper mantle. The source of the Si remains unclear. Care must be taken to avoid confusion between these natural Si–V diamonds and CVD synthetic diamonds with Si–V features. Fortunately, many of the commonly reported CVD identification features are absent from natural Si–V diamonds, facilitating the separation.
A functional workspace for military analysis of insurgent operations

Abstract Information overload has become a critical challenge within military operations. However, the problem is not so much one of too much information but of abundant information that is poorly organized and poorly represented. Here I report the development of a prototype functional workspace to resolve this issue. Development proceeded through a design sequence of cognitive analysis, knowledge representation and workspace design. The cognitive analysis focused on the specific information needed for analysis of insurgency operations. Abstraction–Decomposition matrices from the framework of Cognitive Work Analysis were used as design artifacts to represent knowledge acquired during the cognitive analysis. Additional design guidance related to workspace layout and format was drawn from operational and scientific literature. The workspace was structured in terms of dimensions of functional abstraction and functional decomposition; dimensions that are thought to characterize the fundamental structure of cognitive work. In this paper, I describe the analysis and how its products were integrated with insights drawn from operational and scientific literature to develop the prototype workspace. Relevance to Industry Visualization is often proposed as a solution to the challenges of cognitively intensive, information-rich work. This paper outlines principles and analytic procedures that can be used to develop a visualization for cognitive work.
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Changes Induced by Ouabain and Propranolol

A study of the effects of ouabain and propranolol on the spontaneous activity in the preganglionic sympathetic nerves to the cat heart showed that ouabain can produce both an inhibition and a stimulation of the spontaneous activity in sympathetic nerves. The inhibition appears to be reflex in nature and is not present when the buffer nerves are sectioned. The stimulation is correlated with the development of cardiac arrhythmias and is antagonized by propranolol.
Helping Students Cope with Loss: Incorporating Art into Group Counseling

Art has been considered to be a valuable therapeutic tool with children and adolescents who are experiencing grief. This article explores the use of art within the context of group bereavement counseling. The literatures concerning the effectiveness of grief groups and the use of art therapy with children are reviewed, and a case study of a school-based art group for bereaved youth is presented.
Influence of Gluconic Acid on Enzyme Inactivation and Color Retention in Canned Apricots and Peaches

Apricots, clingstone and freestone peaches packed in tin-free steel cans with up to 1.1% gluconic acid in the syrup retained better color than fruits packed without the acidulant. Up to 0.44% by weight gluconic acid did not affect heat resistance of peroxidase/polyphenol-oxidase enzyme systems in apricots. Requirements for heat inactivation of enzymes increased with fruit maturity, from F100°c= 1.3 min with z = 16°C in canning ripe, to F100°C= 7 min with z = 61.5°C in soft ripe apricots. Enzyme regeneration occurred within 48 hr. Methods tested for measuring enzyme activity arc discussed.
Binding of trace amounts of ionic indium-113m to plasma transferrin.

When indium-113m was injected intravenously in ionic form for blood pool scanning, it was bound to plasma transferrin. In vitro studies utilizing starch gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis showed that trace amounts of indium were bound almost entirely to the transferrin; iron-59 labeled plasma was used for comparison. Starch gel electrophoresis and gel filtration were carried out with plasma samples containing increasing amounts of indium. It appeared that approximately 4 μg of indium per ml of normal human plasma saturated the transferrin and the excess indium above this level was bound mainly to α2-globulins.
The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations : Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics

1. Playing with Fire 2. Philosophical Wagers 3. Neopositivism 4. Critical Realism 5. Analyticism 6. Reflexivity 7. A Pluralist Science of IR