cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Indoor and Outdoor Natural Radiation Exposure Rates in Model Houses

Natural gamma-ray and cosmic-ray exposure rates were measured indoors and outdoors for 94 model houses of four housing centers in Nagoya to obtain basic data for estimation of the population dose. Influence of the structure of houses on indoor exposure rates and relationship between indoor and outdoor natural gamma-ray exposure rates were studied. Exposure rates were measured with a 1.5″φ×4″ NaI (Tl) scintillation counter and a 6″φ spherical plastic scintillation counter.The mean indoor natural gamma-ray exposure rate in ferro-concrete buildings was about 40% higher than that in fireproof wooden houses, about 60% higher than that in light-weight steel-framed buildings, in fireproof wooden houses, it was also about 10% higher than in light-weight steel-framed building.The ratio of indoor to outdoor natural gamma-ray exposure rate was found to be about 0.95±0.15, 0.77±0.10, and 0.72±0.13 for ferro-concrete buildings, fireproof wooden houses and light-weight steel-framed buildings, respectively.The mean indoor cosmic-ray exposure rate in ferro-concrete buildings was 2.8μR/h, about 18% lower than the outdoors. The indoor cosmic-ray exposure rate in fireproof wooden houses and light-weight steel-framed buildings were 3.2μR/h, about 6% lower than the outdoors.
Abstract A06: The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for the maintenance of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy arising in immature T cell progenitors. Despite improved survival rates, relapse remains a major therapeutic obstacle and intensive treatment regimens expose T-ALL patients to serious long-term side-effects. Hence more effective, less toxic treatment options are required. While the localization of leukemia cells determines the course of disease, little is known about T-ALL migration. Upon profiling chemokine receptor expression by T-ALL cells, we observed high surface levels of the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Intravital imaging revealed that T-ALL cells are in direct contact with CXCL12-producing bone marrow stromal cells in vivo. Genetic targeting of CXCR4 in T-ALL cells resulted in a marked reduction of leukemia burden and significantly prolonged survival. Moreover, disruption of CXCR4 signaling with a small molecule inhibitor severely impaired T-ALL progression in mouse and human xenograft models of the disease. We found that CXCR4 promotes c-Myc expression, which is required in leukemia initiating cells. Given the relatively subtle role for CXCR4 in normal developing T cells, CXCR4 inhibition to our knowledge has not been proposed as a therapy for T cell malignancies. Our data strongly suggest that targeting CXCR4 could be a promising strategy for combating T-ALL. Citation Format: Lauren A. Pitt, Anastasia N. Tikhonova, Thomas Trimarchi, Bryan King, Hai Hu, Yixiao Gong, Aris Tsirigos, Marta Sanchez-Martin, Dan R. Littman, Adolfo Ferrando, Sean J. Morrison, David R. Fooksman, Iannis Aifantis, Susan Schwab. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for the maintenance of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A06.
Using The Relative Null Stock Model In Drug Purchasing

Objective To reduce hospital drug stock and to speed up turnover of capital.Method Analyze the empiric model and the relative null stock model of drug purchasing in two groups by retrospective study.Results The relative null stock model can economize a large number of fund without disturbing clinical medicine usage,can improve the turnover rate by 108%,shorten turnover days by about 12.8 days.Conclusions By using the relative null stock model in drug purchasing,the purchasing-cost is decreasing remarkablely,the drug stock was controlled reasonably.That ensured drug neither overstocked nor run out of.
Discussion Wind-drug Acting as Medicinal Guide

The paper analyzed the concepts of wind-drug and summarized the history of the medicinal guide as well as reviewed wind-drug treating migraine,apoplexy and disease of five sense organs.The paper proposed the wind-drug can be used as the medicinal guide of the head and face.
Adherence to Methotrexate therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine adherence to methotrexate (MTX) therapy in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and to identify factors that promote either adherence or non adherence. METHODS One hundred Rheumatoid Arthritis patients on MTX for at least two months were enrolled. Questionnaire was completed by direct interview. Details recorded were, demographics (age, sex, education, monthly income), disease duration, duration on MTX and current dose. Disease Activity Score on 28 joint counts (DAS 28) at the current visit, concomitant drugs taken and number of doses of MTX missed in the previous 8 weeks were noted. Non adherence was defined as omission of any three or more prescribed doses of MTX in previous 8 week. Patients were asked for the factors that motivated their adherence to MTX as well as factors for non adherence. Presence of side effects due to MTX was also recorded. RESULT Non adherence was found among 23% of cases. Patients of low socioeconomic group (p <0.0001) and on MTX for longer duration (p <0.001) had higher non adherence. Non adherent patients had significantly higher disease activity as measured by DAS 28 (p<0.001). Good counseling and education by the doctor was a strong predictor of adherence (p <0.001). Lack of affordability (p <0.001); lack of availability at local pharmacy (p <0.001); lack of family support (p <0.001) and lack of awareness regarding need and importance of MTX (p < 0.001were found as significant factors for non adherence. CONCLUSION MTX non adherence in RA is noted in about one fourth of study group. Various economical and social issues lead to non adherence but good patient education and counseling by doctor could promote adherence in this study group.
Multidisciplinary drug-use evaluation for stress ulcer prophylaxis

A process for creating a multidisciplinary approach to quality assurance within an intensive-care unit is described. A drug-use evaluation program for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the neurosurgical intensive-care unit (NSICU) was developed by a pharmacist with the cooperation of physicians and nurses at the institution. First, the pharmacist worked with the gastrointestinal medicine division to develop indicators for appropriate prophylaxis and monitoring of stress ulcers in patients admitted to the NSICU. The physicians in the neurosurgical division were then given an opportunity to modify or approve the indicators. Before the indicators went into effect as the standard of care, inservice education was provided and pocket cards outlining the criteria were developed. Data were collected on all patients admitted to the NSICU over one year. The data are being reviewed to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of all regimens used, and this information will be used to revise the criteria and influence subsequent prescribing practices in the unit. The program has led to changes in nursing, medical, and pharmacy practice in the unit. Pharmacists can work with other health-care professionals in developing a program to obtain clinically relevant data for a specific group of patients and thus help to improve patient care.
Reiske, Johann Jacob (1716–1774)

Johann Jacob Reiske's (1716–74) extraordinary status as a prolific writer and editor is acknowledged by numerous distinguished personalities, including Herder, Theodor Mommsen, Heinrich L. Fleischer, and Lessing. Reiske mastered two scientific areas – the Arabic and the Greek – and was acclaimed as the first German Arabist and one of the first Greek scholars of the 18th century in Germany. The scope and depth of his achievements are even more remarkable because his numerous publications appeared without the support of any academic institution. His various attempts to obtain a university position were to no avail.
Value recovery from two mechanized bucking operations in the southeastern United States

The value recovered from two mechanized bucking operations in the southeastern United States was compared with the optimal value computed using an individual-stem log optimization program, AVIS. The first operation recovered 94% of the optimal value. The main cause for the value loss was a failure to capture potential sawlog volume; logs were bucked to a larger average small end diameter than necessary. The result was that a portion of the stem with potential sawlog volume was being converted into lower value pulpwood. Although the value loss was relatively small, the length measurements were outside of the acceptable range and the machine needed to be recalibrated. The second operation recovered only 58% of the optimal value. The main cause of loss was poor length measurement, producing a number of short logs that would have been rejected as chip-and-saw logs. Statistical quality control charts from both operations show that logs were being cut too long for the first operation studied and too short for the second operation. These low cost control methods should be required for monitoring mechanized bucking operations. We believe they will help to reduce the value lost from inconsistent measurements. South. J. Appl. For. 27(4):259–263.
Femtosecond Dynamics Within the B820 Dimeric Subunit from the Core Antenna Complex of Rs. rubrum

Femtosecond pump-probe measurements at room temperature reveal coherent nuclear motion and ultrafast depolarization within the dimeric subunit of a bacterial light-harvesting complex, and spectral evolution within the re-assembled aggregate. The results establish a sub-50 fs timescale for dephasing between dimer exciton levels and support a stochastic hopping model for energy transfer within antenna complexes.
Lesser tuberosity osteotomy and subscapularis tenotomy repair techniques during total shoulder arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of cadaveric studies.

Abstract Background Numerous techniques have been used to mobilize and repair the subscapularis tendon during total shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to perform a detailed comparison of subscapularis tenotomy and lesser tuberosity osteotomy repairs during total shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Two independent reviewers searched two databases (PubMed and the Cochrane Library) to find cadaveric studies comparing the biomechanical strength of various subscapularis repair techniques following total shoulder arthroplasty. Articles that compared at least two repair techniques with similar biomechanical methods were included. Findings An initial literature search resulted in 145 studies. A title and abstract review resulted in five studies which analyzed outcomes of subscapularis tenotomy (total n = 29) or lesser tuberosity osteotomy using a single- or dual-row suture technique (total n = 46). Load to failure was significantly higher in the lesser tuberosity osteotomy group (M 443, SD 231 N) than the tenotomy group (M 350, SD 113 N) ( p = 0.047). Tenotomy ( n = 19) and lesser tuberosity osteotomy ( n = 31) had average cyclic displacements of 1.7 mm (SD 1.3) and 2.1 mm (SD 1.6), respectively ( p = 0.34). Mode of failure was significantly different between the two groups ( p Interpretation Based on current biomechanical data, lesser tuberosity osteotomy is a stronger repair than a subscapularis tenotomy at “time-zero” in terms of load to failure. However, cyclic displacement did not differ statistically between the two techniques.
An application-agnostic Quality of service framework for Wireless Body Area Networks

This paper presents an application-agnostic Quality of service (QoS) framework forWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). The applications of WBAN includes several areas such as smart health care, assisted elderly living and emergency response. In the WBAN, obtaining an acceptable QoS performance is extremely important due to its relation with human health and emergency situation. The QoS requirements of a sensor in WBAN is tightly related to the context of its application. Therefore, successful design of a QoS frameworks needs to be application context-aware. In this paper, we propose a contexta-ware framework to guarantee the QoS requirements of the sensor nodes in the WBAN. Our framework is implemented as a separate module which is independent of the application layer and can be utilized for different medical applications. Additionally, our framework enables the medical application to dynamically adapt to the QoS changes due to the nature of application and patient's health status.
Creating New Opportunities to Educate Families on the Impact of Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit: Results of a Quality Improvement Project

Abstract Background: Older adults comprise a rapidly growing proportion of admissions to acute care hospitals and trauma centers. Older adults admitted to a trauma intensive care unit (TICU) often have a more complicated inpatient and posthospital course. This is the most pronounced in frail elders with cognitive dysfunction. We aimed at integrating validated screening instruments for physical frailty and cognitive impairment into the standard nursing assessment of all older trauma patients admitted to our TICU and stepdown unit. Objectives: Our goal, for positive screens, was to trigger earlier referrals to palliative care for patient and family education on the range of likely clinical outcomes. Methods: In February 2015, our study team trained bedside trauma nurses to implement a validated frailty screening process on all patients at least 65 years of age or older who were admitted to the TICU and stepdown unit. Between March and May 2015, the number of older adults admitted, mechanism of injury, numbe...
Energy System Design and Operation

The same way that carpenter ants and termites can cause a magnificent mansion to collapse, humans can destroy Earth’s delicate ecological system by abusing energy. Our civilization has been developed by harnessing energy, and it will cease to exist without usable energy. Energy is a scalar quantity that describes the amount of work that is performed by a force. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Rather, it is transferred from one form to another. For example, when an automobile is propelled, it converts gasoline energy into kinetic (usable) energy and waste (unusable energy). Most energy systems waste a lot of energy when producing usable energy, for example, generating heat by burning wood in a fireplace. Substantial energy is lost when energy is stored, converted into other forms of energy, or transported. Therefore, in the design of energy systems, optimally, energy sources should be directly connected and as close as possible to the users and also become available when needed. For example, most electricity is delivered to homes from power plants through cables from a long distance away.
Inhibiting the BfrB:Bfd interaction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes irreversible iron accumulation in bacterioferritin and iron deficiency in the bacterial cytosol

Iron is an essential nutrient for bacteria but the reactivity of Fe2+ and the insolubility of Fe3+ present significant challenges to bacterial cells. Iron storage proteins contribute to ameliorating these challenges by oxidizing Fe2+ using O2 and H2O2 as electron acceptors, and by compartmentalizing Fe3+. Two types of iron-storage proteins coexist in bacteria, the ferritins (Ftn) and the heme-containing bacterioferritins (Bfr), but the reasons for their coexistence are largely unknown. P. aeruginosa cells harbor two iron storage proteins (FtnA and BfrB), but nothing is known about their relative contributions to iron homeostasis. Prior studies in vitro have shown that iron mobilization from BfrB requires specific interactions with a ferredoxin (Bfd), but the relevance of the BfrB:Bfd interaction to iron homeostasis in P. aeruginosa is unknown. In this work we explore the repercussions of (i) deleting the bfrB gene, and (ii) perturbing the BfrB:Bfd interaction in P. aeruginosa cells by either deleting the bfd gene or by replacing the wild type bfrB gene with a L68A/E81A double mutant allele in the P. aeruginosa chromosome. The effects of the mutations were evaluated by following the accumulation of iron in BfrB, analyzing levels of free and total intracellular iron, and by characterizing the ensuing iron homeostasis dysregulation phenotypes. The results reveal that P. aeruginosa accumulates iron mainly in BfrB, and that the nutrient does not accumulate in FtnA to detectable levels, even after deletion of the bfrB gene. Perturbing the BfrB:Bfd interaction causes irreversible flow of iron into BfrB, which leads to the accumulation of unusable intracellular iron while severely depleting the levels of free intracellular iron, which drives the cells to an acute iron starvation response despite harboring "normal" levels of total intracellular iron. These results are discussed in the context of a dynamic equilibrium between free cytosolic Fe2+ and Fe3+ compartmentalized in BfrB, which functions as a buffer to oppose rapid changes of free cytosolic iron. Finally, we also show that P. aeruginosa cells utilize iron stored in BfrB for growth in iron-limiting conditions, and that the utilization of BfrB-iron requires a functional BfrB:Bfd interaction.
Extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used for nearly 30 years in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, current clinical practice largely reserves ECP for patients with late-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sezary syndrome or for those who are refractory to other therapies. We briefly describe a 48-year-old male who experienced long-term complete remission of his patch MF disease with ECP, and we suggest a role for ECP in the treatment of early-stage MF given evidence of its efficacy, safety, and tolerability.
Repair of Partial Mastectomy Defects

Deformities caused by partial mastectomy can often be helped by plastic surgical techniques. Immediate repair of partial mastectomy defects is especially useful when skin, as well as breast tissue, has been resected. Distant tissue can be used, but most partial mastectomy defects are best repaired with local flaps. Shifting the defect into the axilla, where it is less noticeable, is often helpful. Alternatively, the breast can be reshaped using techniques similar to those used in reduction mammaplasty. In that situation, reduction of the opposite breast often is indicated for symmetry.
A quantitative assay for Amaranthus palmeri identification.

BACKGROUND Amaranthus palmeri recently has been brought into the Midwestern USA as a contaminant in Conservation Reserve Program seeding mixes. Rapid species screening is required to mitigate the risk of continued species movement. RESULTS Markers were developed for A. palmeri-specific nucleotide polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal coding region. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay successfully identified A. palmeri from single-plant samples, simulated mixed-plant samples and seed mixtures. CONCLUSION A qPCR assay for distinguishing A. palmeri from 12 other Amaranthus spp. was developed and validated. The assay can consistently detect a single A. palmeri seed when present in a pool of 100 total Amaranthus spp. seeds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immune Dysregulation Associated with Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease caused by dysregulated immune responses to commensal or pathogenic microbes in the intestine, resulting in chronic intestinal inflammation. An emerging population of patients with IBD occurring before the age of 5 represent a unique form of disease, termed very early-onset (VEO)-IBD, which is phenotypically and genetically distinct from older-onset IBD. VEO-IBD is associated with increased disease severity, aggressive progression, and poor responsiveness to most conventional therapies. Here we discuss the phenotypic nature of VEO-IBD, the recent identification of novel gene variants associated with disease, and the functional immunologic studies interrogating the contribution of specific genetic variants to the development of chronic intestinal inflammation.
My Story of Self: Social Movements and Cross Cultural Connections

At the beginning of my internship at the Center for Social Well Being in the Peruvian Andes, I was caught up in the belief that good scientists should be disconnected from the communities in which they work, unobtrusive observers. During my time there, I learned the value of using local, indigenous knowledge as a means of creating sustainable interventions and services. The song I share herein is the product of spending time with local women and musicians, coming to understand their perspective of music as a harmonizing force, and that in many ways, this community was not so different from my own.
Optimal campaigns in end-to-end continuous pharmaceuticals manufacturing. Part 1: Nonsmooth dynamic modeling

Abstract Increasing focus exists on process intensification of pharmaceuticals production by developing continuous manufacturing (CM) processes. However, efficient and economical CM is challenged by the short campaign times prevailing in this industry, resulting in significant transients, often exhibiting nonsmooth behavior, such as changes in flow or thermodynamic phase regimes. Thus, process intensification should be coupled with optimizing its dynamic operation. In this series we investigate the optimal dynamic operation of a continuous process that includes several reaction and separation steps to produce an active pharmaceutical ingredient at final dosage from advanced intermediates, inspired by a pilot plant previously tested at MIT. This paper, the first in a two-part series, illustrates the use of nonsmooth differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) as a new paradigm for modeling dynamic process systems in an equation-oriented approach. Such a formulation has been recently shown to admit a unique solution and computationally tractable sensitivity analysis, facilitating its embedding in optimization schemes to find optimal operational procedures. The nonsmooth dynamics of several units are demonstrated from start-up. The nominal overall campaign performance is characterized in terms of on-specification productivity and yield, showing significant room for improvement. The optimization is then discussed in detail in the second part of this series.
Human iNPC therapy leads to improvement in functional neurologic outcomes in a pig ischemic stroke model

Introduction Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States but current therapies are limited with no regenerative potential. Previous translational failures have highlighted the need for large animal models of ischemic stroke and for improved assessments of functional outcomes. The aims of this study were first, to create a post-stroke functional outcome assessment scale in a porcine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and second, to use this scale to determine the effect of human-induced-pluripotent-cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) on functional outcome in this large animal stroke model. Materials and methods Eight 6-month-old Landrace mix pigs underwent permanent MCAO. Five days following MCAO, pigs received intraparenchymal injections of either iNPCs or PBS. A post-stroke assessment scale was developed to measure functional outcome. Evaluations were performed at least 1-3 days prior to MCAO and repeated 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days post-stroke as well as 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks, and 12 weeks post-injection. Comparisons of scores between animals receiving iNPCs or PBS only were compared using a two-way ANOVA and a Tukey's post-hoc t test. Results The developed scale was able to consistently determine differences between healthy and stroked pigs at all time points. iNPC-treated pigs showed a significantly faster recovery in their overall scores relative to PBS-only treated pigs with the parameters of appetite and body posture exhibiting the most improvement in the iNPC-treated group. Conclusions We developed a robust and repeatable functional assessment tool that can reliably detect stroke and recovery, while also showing for the first time that iNPC therapy leads to functional recovery in a translational pig ischemic stroke model. These promising results suggest that iNPCs may 1 day serve as a first in class cell therapeutic for ischemic stroke.
Magnetic Field and Energy Errors

Due to small magnetic field errors the magnetic field in any real machine differs from the ideal linear lattice studied in the previous chapters. Also, the particle energy in the beam deviates from the reference energy for which the ideal closed orbit is designed. It is important to understand what new effects the non-ideal magnetic fields introduce to the particle motion. In this chapter, we study how the dipole and quadrupole field errors as well as small energy deviations affect the orbits.
Longitudinal study of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA colonization of US swine veterinarians

Patterns of detection of S. aureus are being evaluated in a longitudinal study of a cohort of 67 swine veterinarians in the USA. This report presents interim data from the initial period of the study. Overall, approximately 70% of sampling events yielded S. aureus in nasal swabs from veterinarians, and 8% yielded MRSA isolates. The majority of isolates belonged to ST398, ST9 and ST5 which together comprise the sequence types that have predominated among MRSA isolates from pigs in Europe, Asia and North America. Detection of S. aureus was negatively associated with time since pig contact. Patterns of colonization varied greatly among participants, with approximately one-fifth showing evidence of long term colonization, while transient colonization was suggested for most participants
Viruses: An Overview

It is very difficult to be the opening author of a treatise of this type. It is even more difficult to write a chapter entitled “Viruses — An Overview.” It is like a lecture on “Animals — A Brief Summary”.
Car Interaction Design for Car-Sharing Systems

The purpose of this project was to understand the difficulties encountered in the proper placement of secondary controls on an automotive instrument panel while driving a rented car on a short-term basis, such as provided through a service such as Zip Car. Suggested interaction design guidelines for designing a sharing-friendly car were the outcome. The results of the project suggest the most common contemporary control locations and interaction types should be used to improve usability. A summary of the guidelines is provided at the end of the video.
Young adult longitudinal patterns of marijuana use among US National samples of 12th grade frequent marijuana users: a repeated-measures latent class analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long-term frequent marijuana use is associated with significant negative outcomes, yet little is known about the longitudinal course of marijuana use among those who start frequent use during adolescence. Objectives are (a) to identify latent patterns of within-person marijuana use from ages 19-30 years among 12th graders reporting frequent marijuana use, (b) to examine if membership in identified patterns has changed across historical time and (c) to examine if key covariates differentiate class membership. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal, national US panel data from 4423 individuals [53.4% of the eligible sample; 2744 (62%) males] who reported frequent marijuana use in 12th grade (modal age 18 years; senior year cohorts 1976-2006) followed biennially from ages 19/20 to 29/30. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported past 30-day marijuana use (frequent use defined as use on 20+ occasions), demographics, college graduation, marriage and parenthood. FINDINGS Repeated-measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) identified five latent classes of past 30-day marijuana use from ages 19/20 to 29/30: continued frequent users (estimated membership 23.4%); frequent to non-frequent users (15.5%); consistent non-frequent users (18.4%); non-frequent users to discontinuers (19.5%); and discontinuers (23.2%). In multivariable models, membership in the highest-risk latent class (continued frequent users) versus one or more of the lower-risk latent classes was more likely for recent cohorts (P = 0.038 to <0.001), as well as those who did not marry (P = 0.039 to < 0.001) or become parents (P = 0.001) by modal age 29/30. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in four 12th grade (modal age 18 years) frequent marijuana users in the US continues to report high frequency use to age 30; the proportion continuing high frequency use across young adulthood has increased among more recent cohorts.
The Effect of Acute Exercise on the Performance of Verbal Fluency in Adolescents and Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study.

Background The high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction is well documented in individuals with Down syndrome. However, only a few studies have focused on the effect of exercise on cognitive performance in this population. In particular, verbal fluency has been shown to be relevant to the early onset of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between acute exercise and verbal fluency in this population. Methods It was a pre-post design. Twenty-eight participants (aged 14-31) were assigned to high-intensity exercise (i.e. 70-85% of predicted maximum heart rate) (N = 8), moderate-intensity exercise (i.e. 50-69% of predicted maximum heart rate) (N = 10) or attentional control (N = 10) groups. Two exercise groups walked on a treadmill using an incremental walking protocol, and the attentional control group watched a video for 20 min. Measures of verbal fluency (i.e. semantic fluency and phonetic fluency) were tested pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results The result showed a quadric trend between semantic fluency and intensity of exercise. The improvement in cognitive performance on semantic fluency test was observed in the moderate-intensity exercise. However, neither a linear trend nor a quadric trend was seen in phonetic fluency. Conclusions The result showed an inverted-U relationship between exercise intensity and semantic fluency. A larger sample size, testing time and more reliable psychophysiological measures (e.g. VO2 max and neuroimaging technology), should be considered to explore the underlying mechanisms in this population.
Purr-r-r-fectly Wild about Mathematics.

We began by anticipating goals that would match the needs of our learners. Specifically, we wanted to stimulate, motivate, challenge, and enliven our students with a variety of activities that would integrate mathematics with the entire curriculum. The steering committee of six teachers selected the theme "purr-rr-fectly wild about mathematics," which related to our school's mascot, the tiger. Next, we formed committees for scheduling, publicity, decorating, awards and courtesy, activity screening, and training parents who would work at the activity stations. Volunteer committees were formed
Engines and Nacelles

This chapter provides the history of engine development from the first decades using propellers and piston engines to gas turbine engines. The jet engine era allowed for a steep increase in aircraft speed up to Mach 0.85. The chapter details the improvements in gas turbines from the early turbojet through turbofans that have generated a large improvement in thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC, fuel economy). The final section of this chapter discusses the function of the gas turbine nacelle and its use for thrust reversing upon landing.
Influence of brain gangliosides on the formation and properties of supported lipid bilayers

Gangliosides are glycolipids that are enriched on the outer surface of cell membranes. Gangliosides are receptors for a number of signaling molecules and toxins, and therefore are often incorporated into biosensors. Many of these biosensors incorporate gangliosides into supported lipid bilayers which are formed by the spontaneous rupture of unilamellar vesicles on glass or SiO2 substrates. In this work, we used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to investigate how the presence of the four major brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b) influences the process of supported lipid bilayer formation on SiO2 surfaces. We show that the rate of supported bilayer formation is dependent on both the charge and position of sialic acid moieties on ganglioside molecules. Additionally, Ca2+ can accelerate ganglioside-rich supported bilayer formation, but the degree of acceleration differs for vesicles containing different gangliosides. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements show that the presence of all gangliosides reduces lipid diffusion coefficients in a concentration-dependent manner, and that Ca2+ slows lipid diffusion in membranes with and without gangliosides. Finally, we use ganglioside-rich supported bilayers to measure binding constants for a GD1a-binding antibody that has similar properties to antibodies present in a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
A Novel Partial MHC Class II Construct, DRmQ, Inhibits Central and Peripheral Inflammatory Responses to Promote Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke

Recognizing that the pathologic progression of stroke is closely associated with aberrant immune responses, in particular the activation of peripheral leukocytes, namely T cells, we hypothesized that finding a treatment designed to inhibit neuroantigen-specific T cells and block cytotoxic monocytes and macrophages may render therapeutic effects in stroke. We previously reported that subcutaneous administration of partial MHC class II constructs promote behavioral and histological effects in stroke mice by centrally promoting a protective M2 macrophage/microglia phenotype in the CNS and peripherally reversing stroke-associated splenic atrophy. Here, we employed a second species using adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model and observed similar therapeutic effects with a mouse partial MHC class II construct called DRmQ, as evidenced by reductions in stroke-induced motor deficits, infarcts, and peri-infarct cell loss and neuroinflammation. More importantly, we offered further evidence of peripheral sequestration of inflammation at the level of the spleen, which was characterized by attenuation of stroke-induced spleen weight reduction and TNF-ɑ and IL-6 upregulation. Collectively, these results satisfy the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable criteria of testing a novel therapeutic in a second species and support the use of partial MHC class II constructs as a stroke therapeutic designed to sequester both central and peripheral inflammation responses in an effort to retard, or even halt, the neuroinflammation that exacerbates the secondary cell death in stroke.
Oxygen overvoltage on bright rhodium

Abstract Oxygen overvoltage data were determined galvanostatically and potentiostatically for the anodic evolution and cathodic reduction of O 2 on bright rhodium electrodes in O 2 -saturated 2 N H 2 SO 4 solutions with and without added H 2 O 2 . The over-all electrode reaction on Rh, O 2 electrodes is the O 2 /H 2 O reaction and the mechanism is the same as that favoured on Pt, O 2 electrodes. Oxygen is adsorbed from solution on Rh as an electronically conducting monolayer of oxygen atoms; but with anodic polarization above 1400 mV, oxygen is dissolved in the surface layers of the metal producing a RhO alloy. The adsorbed layers of oxygen are more tightly bound to the Rh surface than to a Pt surface-giving rise to higher over-voltage values on Rh electrodes. Double-Iayer capacitance measurements support these conclusions. The rhodium surface is a poor catalyst for decomposition of H 2 O 2 . Of the noble metals, rhodium is one of the poorer materials that may be selected for the construction of an oxygen cathode.
Patterns of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke Before and After the 2015 Pivotal Trials and US National Guideline Update.

Abstract Background Positive pivotal trials followed by guideline endorsement can be a major driver of change in US national medical practice patterns. We therefore analyzed national trends in the use and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion before and after the 2015 publication of pivotal trials and the US guideline update. Methods We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample from 2012-2016. Ischemic stroke and mechanical thrombectomy patients were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10. The primary efficacy outcome measure was discharge to home, which strongly correlates with mild degree of disability at discharge. Safety outcomes include in-hospital mortality and in-hospital medical complications. Results From 2012-2016, 2,394,550 discharges were recorded with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke, including 39,150 (1.6%) treated with mechanical thrombectomy. The number and proportion of stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy annually rose from 4,910/452,905 (1.1%) in 2012 to 11,860/509,215 (2.3%) in 2016. The largest annual increase occurred between 2014, when 6,460 stroke patients were treated with thrombectomy, and 2015, when 10,280 underwent thrombectomy. Comparing the pre (Q1 2012 - Q4 2014) and post (Q4 2015 – Q4 2016) RCT/Guideline epochs, in addition to increased thrombectomy rates, the proportion of thrombectomy patients who received IV-tPA decreased (46% to 24%, p Conclusion In the United States, thrombectomy treatment for acute ischemic stroke increased rapidly and substantially in frequency following publication of positive clinical trials and US guideline update in 2015, accompanied by improved functional outcomes and reduced peri-procedural mortality.
Probing Structural Dynamics in 2D Lead Iodide Perovskites Using Raman Spectroscopy

Low dimension hybrid perovskites are important class of materials for next generation lighting technologies. We use vibrational Raman spectroscopy to probe the structures of 3 analogues of these hybrid perovskites central to their lighting applications.
Searching for exotic production of Higgs boson + X to map out new physics

We propose leveraging our proficiency for detecting Higgs resonances by using the Higgs as a tagging object for new heavy physics. In particular, we argue that searches for exotic Higgs production from decays of color-singlet fields with electroweak charges could beat current searches at the Large Hadron Collider which look for their decays to vectors. As an example, we study the production and decay of vectorlike leptons which admit Yukawa couplings with Standard Model leptons. We find that bounds from run 2 searches are consistent with anywhere from hundreds to many thousands of Higgses having been produced in their decays over the same period, depending on the representation. Dedicated searches for these signatures may thus be able to significantly improve our reach at the electroweak energy frontier.
Lift forces on three-dimensional elastic and viscoelastic lubricated contacts

When an object suspended in fluid moves past a soft substrate it experiences a lift force due to the deformability of the substrate. Here, we find this lift force analytically for a general elastic or viscoelastic substrate. For oscillatory relative motion, the lift force is time-dependent and its temporal Fourier modes carry signatures of the viscous and elastic components of the substrate response. The theory may be useful to characterize the mechanical properties of soft materials without solid-to-solid contact via lift force measurements.
Res'Q'ing Patent Infringement Damages after ResQNET: The Dangers of Litigation Licenses as Evidence of a Reasonable Royalty

Almost everyone agrees that, when a patent owner seeks a reasonable royalty as patent infringement damages, prior patent licenses are useful in determining the reasonable royalty. But the use of licenses arising out of the settlement of litigation — “litigation licenses”— has met with mixed acceptance, with some courts admitting litigation licenses into evidence and other courts excluding the licenses under Rules 402, 403, or 408. Recently, some district courts have concluded that the Federal Circuit’s 2010 decision, ResQNet.com, Inc. v. Lansa, Inc. resolves this question in favor of the use of these litigation licenses. This article shows, first, that this conclusion is inaccurate, and second, that litigation licenses should ordinarily be excluded from evidence.
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy: A Review.

Background Long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications (LAIs) are an evidence-based treatment option for people with severe mental illness. While women with severe mental illness who are prescribed LAIs can become pregnant, there is a dearth of research examining the safety of these medication formulations during pregnancy. Objective: This article summarizes available literature on the use of LAIs in pregnancy to help inform clinical decisions and guide future research. Methods PubMed literature searches were completed using combinations of keywords including “antipsychotic” and “long-acting injectable” or “depot,” or generic or brand names of LAIs with “pregnancy.” Pregnancy outcomes were compared across studies. Results Twelve relevant case reports of 13 pregnancies were identified. Six cases did not report any negative birth or infant outcomes, including prematurity, infants being born small for gestational age, congenital anomalies, and extrapyramidal symptoms. No cases reported abnormal Apgar scores, infants being born large for gestational age, or negative long-term developmental outcomes after exposure to LAIs during pregnancy. Cesarean section rate was comparable to the general population. Specific adverse outcomes included one infant with multiple congenital anomalies, 3 infants with minor congenital anomalies, and one infant with possible extrapyramidal symptoms. One infant was born prematurely, one infant was born small for gestational age, and 2 infants were born both prematurely and small for gestational age. Conclusions There is little research specifically examining the use of LAIs in pregnancy, so risks must be extrapolated from studies on oral antipsychotics in pregnancy. While the few published case reports examining LAIs in pregnancy somewhat align with research examining oral antipsychotics, these findings are inconclusive due to the inherently limited nature of case reports. Further investigation into the use of LAIs in pregnancy is warranted.
Sınıf İçi Gürültünün Öğrencilerin Dinleme Sürecindeki Bilişsel Performansına Etkisi / Effects of Classroom Background Noise on Cognitive Performance of Listenıng Process in Secondary School Students

Backround noise is defined as all kinds of sound that prevent to hear the desired sounds. Most of the studies related to the relationship between background noise and listening reveals that background noise affects listening skills. However, almost all of those studies were carried out at laboratory settings. In fact, background noise is a factor occurring naturally in classroom environments and affects students perpetually. Due to the fact that this study consists of an experimental process to reveal the effects of the natural background noise on classroom environments, it is thought to contribute to the literature. The aim of this study is to reveal how the background noise affects 5th grade students’ listening comprehension and recall. Within this purpose, a sample group consisting of 146 5th grade students was made to listen to two texts; one of them in a noisy classroom environment (79 db A) and the other one in a quiet and sound insulated classroom environment (36 db A). Separate listening comprehension and recall tests were carried out for each of those texts. The findings revealed that background noise highly affects 5th grade students’ levels of listening comprehension (Cohen’s d= .91) and recall (Cohen’s d > .83) and decreases students’ listening performance. Besides, it was revealed that students both have a better level of listening comprehension and a higher level of recall in quiet settings.
Gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases

Gene therapy is, potentially, a powerful tool for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, clinical trials have failed to show any improvement in outcome beyond the placebo effect. Efforts to improve outcomes are focusing on three main areas: vector design and the identification of new vector serotypes, mode of delivery of gene therapies, and identification of new therapeutic targets. These advances are being tested both individually and together to improve efficacy. These improvements may finally make gene therapy successful for these disorders.
A hybrid method for the treatment of arbitrarily oriented thin wires in edge-based finite element analysis of inhomogeneous structures

In EM penetration and EMI studies, it is desirable to estimate the power coupled into braided coaxial cables situated in a complex environment and irradiated by a plane wave. An approximate solution to the problem may be derived by employing the following two-step procedure: (i) determine the current flowing on the outer surface of the cables assuming it to be perfectly conducting; (ii) using a transfer impedance concept, find the voltage induced along the length of the inner cable surface and hence the power delivered to the loads at the cable ends by using the transmission line Green's function. The finite element (FE) and finite difference (FD) techniques have great difficulty in modeling arbitrarily-oriented thin wires. Simple solutions such as modifying the finite element basis functions to model the 1//spl rho/ behavior of fields near the wire or altering the FDTD time-stepping equations, require that the wires be directed along the edges of an orthogonal mesh, and this, in turn, imposes severe restrictions on the cable geometry. The present authors provide a hybrid technique that combines the advantages of the method of moments (MoM) in modeling thin wires and the edge-based finite element method (FEM) in modeling complex objects. The technique is similar in concept to the hybrid CTD+MoM technique used for analyzing wires in the presence of large perfectly electrically conducting objects [Pozar and Newman, 1982]. Representative numerical results for power coupled into a braided cable situated above a perfectly conducting plate, and illuminated by a plane wave, are presented.
Phasor models in bilinear dissipative systems

Transients of leading harmonics of nearly periodic systems (e.g., electric machines), have been approximated by reduced order dynamic phasors. Both plausibility analytic arguments and restrictions are explored in bilinear dissipative systems.