cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What cultural identity do you have? Korean diasporic community and news consumption

Digital diaspora , a new type of diaspora prompted by the expansion of communication technology, plays a central and integral role in providing immigrants with alternative spaces for changing the traditional sense of belonging. National consciousness becomes essential to formulating one’s cultural identity in globalization. It is, in particular, critical for people of diaspora because their place of living differs from that of origin. Drawing on an analysis of one of the largest online Korean diaspora communities in the United States ( www. MissyUSA.com. ), this research explores how digital diaspora members shape their cultural identity between their homeland and host country. This study illustrates how they respond to the news of two countries and intends to determine how their news consumption patterns reflect the diaspora members’ cultural identity. While diaspora members mainly consume Korean media and communicate in Korean, they sustain a more positive attitude toward the U.S. than Korea. This study demonstrates that digital diasporic members’ cultural identity cannot be fixed or inclined toward a specific country. Rather, it tends to vacillate between the two nations with which they identify and enhance a sense of belongingness within their diasporic community.
Emerging Roles for SIRT5 in Metabolism and Cancer

Abstract Significance: Developing evidence in the literature suggests that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) may be involved in metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer by which neoplastic cells rec...
Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in health and disease

The liver is crucial for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis - it produces glucose during fasting and stores glucose postprandially. However, these hepatic processes are dysregulated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and this imbalance contributes to hyperglycaemia in the fasted and postprandial states. Net hepatic glucose production is the summation of glucose fluxes from gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis and other pathways. In this Review, we discuss the in vivo regulation of these hepatic glucose fluxes. In particular, we highlight the importance of indirect (extrahepatic) control of hepatic gluconeogenesis and direct (hepatic) control of hepatic glycogen metabolism. We also propose a mechanism for the progression of subclinical hepatic insulin resistance to overt fasting hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insights into the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis by metformin and insulin and into the role of lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance in modifying gluconeogenic and net hepatic glycogen synthetic flux are also discussed. Finally, we consider the therapeutic potential of strategies that target hepatosteatosis, hyperglucagonaemia and adipose lipolysis.
Slow Infusion of Low-dose Ketamine Reduces Bothersome Side Effects Compared to Intravenous Push: A Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective We compared the analgesic efficacy and incidence of side effects when low-dose (0.3 mg/kg) ketamine (LDK) is administered as a slow infusion (SI) over 15 minutes versus an intravenous push (IVP) over 1 minute. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trial of adult ED patients presenting with moderate to severe pain (numerical rating scale [NRS] score ≥ 5). Patients received 0.3 mg/kg ketamine administered either as a SI or a IVP. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing any psychoperceptual side effect over 60 minutes. A secondary outcome was incidence of moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects. Additional outcomes included reduction in pain NRS scores at 60 minutes and percent maximum summed pain intensity difference (%SPID). Results Fifty-nine participants completed the study. A total of 86.2% of the IVP arm and 70.0% of the SI arm experienced any side effect (difference = 16.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -5.4 to 37.8). We found a large reduction in moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects with SI administration-75.9% reported moderate or greater side effects versus 43.4% in the SI arm (difference = 32.5%, 95% CI = 7.9 to 57.1). Additionally, the IVP arm experienced more hallucinations (n = 8, 27.6%) than the SI arm (SI n = 2, 6.7%, difference = 20.9%, 95% CI = 1.8 to 43.4). We found no significant differences in analgesic efficacy. At 60 minutes, the mean %SPID values in the IVP and SI arms were 39.9 and 33.5%, respectively, with a difference of 6.5% (95% CI = -5.8 to 18.7). Conclusion Most patients who are administered LDK experience a psychoperceptual side effect regardless of administration via SI or IVP. However, patients receiving LDK as a SI reported significantly fewer moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects and hallucinations with equivalent analgesia.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Presenting with Sinoatrial Disease: A Rare Presentation

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), or apical ballooning syndrome, is a distinct nonischemic cardiomyopathy mimicking acute coronary syndrome. A 76-year-old female presented with ST elevation in the inferior lead and a troponin level of 0.81 ng/dL. An immediate coronary angiography showed non-obstructive coronary artery disease. A subsequent ventriculogram and echocardiogram showed anteroapical and distal inferior wall hypokinesis suggestive of TCM. Despite therapy with beta blocker, she was observed to have two significant sinus pauses, one eight-second, and a second 29-second pause. An urgent transvenous pacemaker was put in place and later followed by a permanent pacemaker. The patient was discharged on carvedilol and losartan. Although other arrhythmias such as complete heart block, torsades, and ventricular arrhythmias have been commonly reported, the association of TCM with recurrent sinus arrest has rarely been reported in the literature. The occurrence observed in this case implies that patients with TCM should be monitored closely for arrhythmias, and, if such a condition is identified, planning for permanent pacemaker implantation should be started early enough to avoid recurrent life-threatening episodes.
Biomechanical analysis of opening glass jars: Using kinematics

The research theorizes that there are three styles of hand movement when removing a lug closure from a glass jar; lid hand movement alone, jar hand movement alone, or the movement of both hands. However, it is hypothesized that experimental set up will significantly impact how participants move as they remove jar lids; that an unrestrained subject will move differently from one restrained for ease of experimental set up. Each study participant will open glass jars with lug style closures in two fashions: restrained, so that the test jar remains on the table, and unrestrained.
Comparison of Operant and Classical Conditioning of Feeding Behavior in Aplysia

Although classical and operant conditioning are operationally distinct, it is unclear to what extent they are mechanistically similar or different. Feeding behavior in the mollusk Aplysia californica is a useful model system to analyze these two ubiquitous forms of associative learning and compare the underlying neuronal mechanisms. Here, we review studies that have analyzed and compared the mechanisms underlying classical and operant conditioning at the circuit, single-cell, and molecular levels. These analyses reveal similarities and intriguing differences. Both forms of learning lead to increased biting in vivo and fictive ingestion in vitro and also share a common reinforcement pathway, which uses dopamine as the reinforcement transmitter. Although the identified neuron B51 is a locus of plasticity common to both classical and operant conditioning, its activity is altered in opposite ways by these two forms of learning. B51 excitability is increased by operant conditioning, whereas it is decreased by classical conditioning.
Particle Deposition Velocity Studies in Silicon Technology

Mechanisms of particle deposition on silicon wafers are briefly reviewed by reference to and citation of results from several recent theoretical and experimental papers. Two mechanisms--one originating from electrical forces and a second from thermal forces--are shown to strongly affect particle deposition velocity based on measurements carried out primarily in a specially designed particle deposition chamber but also on supplementing measurements of particle deposition made in the semiconductor clean room at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina.
The network user and its growing influence

Abstract The network user, armed with increasingly-capable smart devices, is becoming more powerful and influential. Billions of such users need non-stop network connectivity via a myriad of devices, demanding better access and faster ways to communicate anytime anywhere. With huge increase in traffic generated by the network user (driven by smart devices and increasing video consumption), the network needs to become application- and user-centric.
A Limited-Area Primitive Equation Model of the Gulf Stream: Results in Statistical Equilibrium

Abstract An eddy-resolving circulation model has been applied to the Gulf Stream System from Cape Hatteras to east of the Grand Banks (78-45 W, 30-48 N). The primitive equation model has realistic coastlines, bottom topography, and forcing functions. A two-layer version was driven by observed mean climatological wind forcing and mass transport prescribed at inflow. Outflow was determined by a radiation boundary condition and an integral constraint on the mass field in each layer. Specification of a Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) was included in some model runs. Results from a sequence of experiments suggest an important role for the DWBC in determining the mean path of the Gulf Stream and consequently the distribution of eddy kinetic energy, and the character of the deep mean flow. The most realistic experiment compares to within a factor of two or better with observations of the amplitude of eddy kinetic energy and rms fluctuations of the thermocline and sea surface height. Abyssal eddy kinetic energy was less than observed. The mean flow is characterized by recirculations to the north and south of the Gulf Stream and a deep cyclonic gyre just east of the northern portion of the New England Seamount Chain, as found in the data.
Effect of environmental conditions and geometric parameters on the squeeze film damping in RF-MEMS switches

This paper presents a detailed analysis of squeeze film air damping effects on dynamic responses of RF-MEMS switches under varying environmental conditions, etch holes’ configuration and air gap thickness values. The effect operating conditions like air pressure, temperature and humidity on the closing time of RF-MEMS switches is analyzed. The air pressure distribution beneath the top suspended plate of switches and corresponding damping parameters extraction, under varying conditions, is obtained using finite element method based modal projection technique. The extracted damping parameters are used in the subsequent coupled field electrostatic-structural dynamic analysis to analyze the effect of variation in environmental variations and geometric parameters on the closing time of RF-MEMS switches. The effect of change in etch holes’ configuration on the damping parameters is obtained to be minimum while change in switch operating conditions and air gap thickness values have significant effect on the air damping value and closing time of switches.
Performance of Point of Dispensing Setup Drills for Distribution of Medical Countermeasures: United States and Territories, 2012-2016.

Objectives. To describe results of points of dispensing (POD) medical countermeasure drill performance among local jurisdictions.Methods. To compare POD setup times for each year, we calculated des...
Single-Cell RNA-Seq of the Pancreatic Islets--a Promise Not yet Fulfilled?

In the past 3 years, we have seen a flurry of publications on single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of pancreatic islets from mouse and human. This technology holds the promise to refine cell-type signatures and discover cellular heterogeneity among the canonical endocrine cell types such as the glucagon-producing α and insulin-producing β cells, going as far as suggesting new subtypes. In addition, single-cell RNA-seq has the ability to characterize rare endocrine cell types that are not captured by prior bulk analysis. With transcriptomics data from individual endocrine cells, cellular states can be profiled both along developmental processes and during the emergence of metabolic diseases. However, the promises of this new technology have not yet been met in full. While the methodology for the first time enabled the transcriptional definition of rare endocrine cell types such as ghrelin-producing ɛ cells, some of the conclusions regarding cell-type-specific gene expression changes in type 2 diabetes might need to be revisited once larger sample sizes become available. Data generation and analysis are continuously improving single-cell RNA-seq approaches and are helping us to understand the (mal)adaptations of the islet cells during development, metabolic challenge, and disease.
Air Taxi Skyport Location Problem for Airport Access.

We consider design of skyport locations for air taxis accessing airports and adopt a novel use of the classic hub location problem to properly make trade-offs on access distances for travelers to skyports from other zones, which is shown to reduce costs relative to a clustering approach from the literature. Extensive experiments on data from New York City show the method outperforms the benchmark clustering method by more than 7.4% here. Results suggest that six skyports located between Manhattan and Brooklyn can adequately serve the airport access travel needs and are sufficiently stable against travel time or transfer time increases.
Learners’ Gaze Behaviors and Metacognitive Judgments with an Agent-Based Multimedia Environment

65 undergraduate students from a North American university interacted with MetaTutorIVH, an agent-based multimedia learning environment that fosters self-regulated learning (SRL) strategy use (e.g., metacognition) while presenting information on several human body systems. Participants completed a self-paced task to study the influence of relevant content and an agents’ expressed emotions on metacognitive judgments, gaze behaviors, and science learning. The goal of this study was to examine eye gaze behavior and metacognitive process use relative to their perceived relevancy of content based on discrepancies between multimedia materials and artificial agent’s facial expressions. Results indicate an increase in overall fixation duration on multimedia content (e.g., text, diagram) when the text was perceived as less relevant, specifically revealing longer time spent fixating on text when the text was perceived as less relevant compared text and diagrams that were perceived as relevant. Further analyses reveal an increase in diagram fixation duration when the text was judged as being less relevant, but when compared to instances where the text and diagrams were both seen as only somewhat relevant. Across trials, there was no indication of the actual relevancy of content influencing the gaze behaviors of participants.
Melioidosis: An emerging infection in India

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, has been described as the great mimic, as disease manifestations are protean. It is present in the soil and surface water in endemic regions. Although initially thought to be endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, there has been an emergence of this infection in areas where it was previously absent. In recent years, environmental and clinical studies have shown a significant presence of melioidosis in India. The epidemic of diabetes, the most significant risk factor, could result in a surge of cases of melioidosis in India. Melioidosis can closely mimic tuberculosis. Increased awareness, a high index of suspicion and prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to melioidosis.
Organic sulfones in the brine of Lake Vida, East Antarctica

Abstract Located in a closed basin in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica, Lake Vida brine is a cold (−13 °C), hypersaline, interstitial, anoxic, and aphotic ecosystem trapped within 27+ m of ice. This brine is not in contact with the atmosphere, and currently hosts a slow-growing, cold-limited bacteria-dominated ecosystem that have persisted for at least ∼2800 years. Analysis of the dichloromethane extractable fraction of dissolved organic matter of Lake Vida brine revealed the presence of seven novel organic sulfones, tentatively identified on the basis of mass spectral fragmentation, as well as eight sulfones that have been structurally described in previous chemistry studies. A total of fifteen organic sulfones, and others that have yet to be identified, were observed in Lake Vida brine, most of which have never been previously detected in any other natural ecosystems. Results suggest that these compounds may be derived from a lake system in which a dissolved organic carbon pool may have been oxidized in lake waters in contact with the atmosphere. Alternative hypotheses on the origin of these sulfones, involving potential abiotic alterations of dissolved organic sulfur as a consequence of long-term brine-rock reactions that generated reactive oxygen species, are also considered. Understanding the origin and formation mechanisms of these organic sulfones may reveal an important pathway that influence the dissolved organic sulfur constituent, not only of Antarctic aquatic systems, but also potentially the global marine environment, as well as extraterrestrial hypersaline, subzero habitats.
The technocratic, humanistic, and holistic paradigms of childbirth

In this talk I will describe three paradigms of health care that heavily influence contemporary childbirth, most particularly in industrialized nations, but now increasingly all over the globe.‹SUP›1‹/SUP› I call these three paradigms the technocratic, humanistic, ‹I›and holistic models of medicine‹/I›. I will also speak about the importance of preserving midwifery around the world and most especially in Japan.
Abstract P585: Age- and Sex-Specific Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Pediatric Stroke in New York State From 2006-2016

Objectives: 1. To estimate sex- and race-specific incidence of pediatric stroke by age group 2. To describe trends in pediatric stroke incidence in New York(NY) from 2006 to 2016 Methods: Internati...
Fast Linear Interpolation

We present fast implementations of linear interpolation operators for piecewise linear functions and multi-dimensional look-up tables. These operators are common for efficient transformations in image processing and are the core operations needed for lattice models like deep lattice networks, a popular machine learning function class for interpretable, shape-constrained machine learning. We present new strategies for an efficient compiler-based solution using MLIR to accelerate linear interpolation. For real-world machine-learned multi-layer lattice models that use multidimensional linear interpolation, we show these strategies run 5-10× faster on a standard CPU compared to an optimized C++ interpreter implementation.
Pathologic Spectrum and Molecular Landscape of Myeloid Disorders Harboring SF3B1 Mutations.

Objectives SF3B1 mutations are the most common mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The International Working Group for the Prognosis of MDS (IWG-PM) recently proposed SF3B1-mutant MDS (SF3B1-mut-MDS) as a distinct disease subtype. We evaluated the spectrum and molecular landscape of SF3B1-mutated myeloid disorders and assessed the prognostication in MDS harboring SF3B1 mutations (MDS-SF3B1). Methods Cases were selected by retrospective review. Clinical course and laboratory and clinical findings were collected by chart review. SF3B1-mut-MDS was classified following IWG-PM criteria. Results SF3B1 mutations were identified in 75 of 955 patients, encompassing a full spectrum of myeloid disorders. In MDS-SF3B1, Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) score greater than 3 and transcription factor (TF) comutations were adverse prognostic markers by both univariate and multivariate analyses. We confirmed the favorable outcome of IWG-PM-defined SF3B1-mut-MDS. Interestingly, it did not show sharp prognostic differentiation within MDS-SF3B1. Conclusions SF3B1 mutations occur in the full spectrum of myeloid disorders. We independently validated the favorable prognostication of IWG-PM-defined SF3B1-mut-MDS. However it may not provide sharp prognostication within MDS-SF3B1 where IPSS-R and TF comutations were prognostic-informative. Larger cohort studies are warranted to verify these findings and refine MDS-SF3B1 prognostication.
Performance Prediction of ℒ 1 Adaptive Control in Linear Stochastic Systems

This paper considers continuous-time linear stochastic systems driven by Wiener process inputs, which also have unknown system parameters and disturbances. ℒ 1 adaptive controller is offered for this class of systems, and the performance of the closed-loop system is analyzed. The system output is shown to track that of a stable reference system, and the performance bounds are shown to be determined by the adaptation rate and the incremental variance of the Wiener process. Simulations demonstrate the theoretical results.
Industry Insights on Consumer Receptivity to Aquaculture Products in the Retail Marketplace: Considerations for Increasing Seafood Intake

Objectives Americans consistently fail to meet dietary guidelines for seafood intake. Efforts are needed to increase consumption, especially of sustainable seafood that can be supplied by domestic aquaculture. However, consumer receptivity to aquaculture products is mixed. The objective of this study was to elicit industry perspectives regarding influences on consumer purchases of aquaculture products.
Adapting Evidence-Based Treatments for Youth in a Community Mental Health Setting: Single Case Design

ADAPTING EVIDENCE-BASED TREATMENTS FOR YOUTH IN A COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SETTING: SINGLE CASE DESIGN By: Alexis M. Quinoy, B.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011. Director: Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Psychology and Pediatrics This single-case design study examined the effectiveness of adapting evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for children in a community clinic through a university-community partnership. Community clinic therapists treated eight youths (five males), ages 10 to 14, of whom four were Caucasian, two were Latino, one was African-American, and one was Caucasian/African-American. Youths presented with a primary diagnosis of a DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) internalizing disorder (plus multiple comorbidities). An adapted treatment combining multiple elements based on two primary treatment manuals: Coping Cat (Kendall et al., 1990) and PASCET (Weisz et al., 1999) was used. Youths with comorbid externalizing symptoms were also treated with elements from a parent-training manual (Barkley, 1997). Results of visual and clinical significance analysis demonstrated mixed support for the adapted treatment in a community clinic setting. The findings support further efforts to test the effectiveness of adapted EBTs in a community clinic setting and population.
A toolbox and record for scientific models

Computational science presents a host of challenges for the field of knowledge-based software design. Scientific computation models are difficult to construct. Models constructed by one scientist are easily misapplied by other scientists to problems for which they are not well-suited. Finally, models constructed by one scientist are difficult for others to modify or extend to handle new types of problems. Construction of scientific models actually involves much more than the mechanics of building a single computational model. In the course of developing a model, a scientist will often test a candidate model against experimental data or against a priori expectations. Test results often lead to revisions of the model and a consequent need for additional testing. During a single model development session, a scientist typically examines a whole series of alternative models, each using different simplifying assumptions or modeling techniques. A useful scientific software design tool must support these aspects of the model development process as well. In particular, it should propose and carry out tests of candidate models. It should analyze test results and identify models and parts of models that must be changed. It should determine what types of changes can potentially cure a given negative test result. It should organize candidate models, test data, and test results into a coherent record of the development process. Finally, it should exploit the development record for two purposes: (1) automatically determining the applicability of a scientific model to a given problem; (2) supporting revision of a scientific model to handle a new type of problem. Existing knowledge-based software design tools must be extended in order to provide these facilities.
Probabilistic fatigue safety evaluation of railroad freight car components

ABSTRACT The paper discusses a methodology for the fatigue safety evaluation of railroad freight cars. The data collected in the field for a car under a typical normal operating environment was used in the study. The uncertainty involved in the method of fatigue damage evaluation, method of stress analysis and field data were considered in this study. The fatigue reliability of a given component was calculated using a Weibull probability density function for the fatigue life of the component. The method was applied to a 70-ton box car. The results indicate that the failure probability for certain components is significant.
Journalism, Politics, and Contemporary Documentaries: A “Based on a True Story” Dossier

These four essays are geared toward examining transformations in contemporary documentary form, with the aim of profiting from intersections between discourses in Journalism Studies and Film Studies. They analyze areas of overlap in order to understand changes in the production and reception of recent nonfiction films. Roger F. Cook uses the term “Docu-Entertainment” to describe how Hollywood genres have been increasingly integrated into films, arguing that this impacts content. Tim P. Vos employs the term “gatekeeping forces” to explore how theories of journalistic gatekeeping can serve as a valuable heuristic device for understanding how documentary films produce their distinctive content and how documentarians' work is distinct from that of journalists who cover similar public affairs issues. In his study of The Waiting Room (2012), Brad Prager analyzes that film's formal choices to understand the balance it strikes between objectivity and advocacy. Finally, Joanna Hearne's study of Mighty Times: The C...
Glycopeptides of the Type-Common Glycoprotein gD of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2

We have carried out detailed structural studies of the glycopeptides of glycoprotein gD of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. We first examined and compared the number of N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides present in each glycoprotein. We found that treatment of either pgD-1 or pgD-2 with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) generated three polypeptides which migrated more rapidly than pgD on gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Two of the faster-migrating polypeptides were labeled with [(3)H]mannose, suggesting that both pgD-1 and pgD-2 contained three N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Second, we characterized the [(3)H]mannose-labeled tryptic peptides of pgD-1 and pgD-2. We found that both glycoproteins contained three tryptic glycopeptides, termed glycopeptides 1, 2, and 3. Gel filtration studies indicated that the molecular weights of these three peptides were approximately 10,000, 3,900, and 1,800, respectively, for both pgD-1 and pgD-2. Three methods were employed to determine the size of the attached oligosaccharides. First, the [(3)H]mannose-labeled glycopeptides were treated with Endo H, and the released oligosaccharide was chromatographed on Bio-Gel P6. The size of this molecule was estimated to be approximately 1,200 daltons. Second, Endo H treatment of [(35)S]methionine-labeled glycopeptide 2 reduced the molecular size of this peptide from approximately 3,900 to approximately 2,400 daltons. Third, glycopeptide 2 isolated from the gD-like molecule formed in the presence of tunicamycin was approximately 2,200 daltons. From these experiments, the size of each N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharide was estimated to be approximately 1,400 to 1,600 daltons. Our experiments indicated that glycopeptides 2 and 3 each contained one N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chain. Although glycopeptide 1 was large enough to accommodate more than one oligosaccharide chain, the experiments with Endo H treatment of the glycoprotein indicated that there were only three N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides present in pgD-1 and pgD-2. Further studies of the tryptic glycopeptides by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that all of the glycopeptides were hydrophobic in nature. In the case of glycopeptide 2, we observed that when the carbohydrate was not present, the hydrophobicity of the peptide increased. The properties of the tryptic glycopeptides of pgD-1 were compared with the properties predicted from the deduced amino acid sequence of gD-1. The size and amino acid composition compared favorably for glycopeptides 1 and 2. Glycopeptide 3 appeared to be somewhat smaller than would be predicted from the deduced sequence of gD-1. It appears that all three potential glycosylation sites predicted by the amino acid sequence are utilized in gD-1 and that a similar number of glycosylation sites are present in gD-2.
Tutorial: Learning Topics in Game-Theoretic Decision Making

The tutorial will cover some topics of recent interest in AI and economics concerning design making in a computational game-theory framework. It will highlight areas in which computational learning theory has played a role and could play a greater role in the future. Covered areas include recent representational and algorithmic advances, stochastic games and reinforcement learning, no regret algorithms, and the role of various equilibrium concepts.
The Solution to Obamacare

This article applies economic analysis and examines legal cures for the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare.
Sparsity-driven ideal observer for computed medical imaging systems

The Bayesian ideal observer (IO) has been widely advocated to guide hardware optimization. However, except for special cases, computation of the IO test statistic is computationally burdensome and requires an appropriate stochastic object model that may be difficult to determine in practice. Modern reconstruction methods, referred to as sparse reconstruction methods, exploit the fact that objects of interest typically possess sparse representations and have proven to be highly effective at reconstructing images from under-sampled measurement data. Moreover, in computed imaging approaches that employ compressive sensing concepts, imaging hardware and image reconstruction are innately coupled technologies. In this work, we propose a sparsity-driven IO (SD-IO) to guide the optimization of data acquisition parameters for modern computed imaging systems. The SD-IO employs a variational Bayesian inference method to estimate the posterior distribution and calculates an approximate likelihood ratio analytically as its test statistic. Since it assumes knowledge of low-level statistical properties of the object that are related to sparsity, the SD-IO exploits the same statistical information regarding the object that is utilized by highly effective sparse image reconstruction methods. Preliminary simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the SD-IO calculation.
Theories of relaxation

Abstract The phenomenology of the glass transition is briefly reviewed. Four classes of theories for the transition are discussed: rheological theories that account for the temperature dependence of the viscosity and/or relaxation time τ p ; kinetic theories that predict the form of the relaxation function M p ; relaxation theories that explain both the form of M p and the temperature dependence of τ p ; and phenomenological theories that describe the kinetics of relaxation without reference to a microscopic model.
The future of home testing--implications for traditional laboratories.

Many realize today that the key to cost containment is better management of the patient. Health care payers (Medicare, Medicaid, HMOs, etc.) are seeking plans of actions that will reduce the number of patient encounters to the emergency department, hospital admissions and physician's office. As the graying population continues to grow, the need to provide health care outside the traditional walls of the hospital (e.g. clinics, home health) becomes more evident. This article has the purpose of presenting some insights on the growing home health care market and the use of telehealth, vital sign technology (VST) and point of care testing (POCT) in managing the patient outside the hospital.
Electrophoretic deposition of YSZ electrolyte coatings for solid oxide fuel cells

The main purpose of this study was to create crack-free thin film electrolyte coatings for solid oxide fuel cells at low cost. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was employed to prepare dense yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films on stainless steel and porous strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) substrates. The LSM substrates were produced by slurry casting and subsequent sintering. The suspensions of YSZ were prepared in pure acetylacetone, ethanol, and in mixtures of the two. The deposition experiments were performed with the YSZ suspensions in different solvents to examine the effects of the solvent on the EPD behavior. The effects of current density and powder concentration on the EPD rate were also studied. The deposited films were dried at room temperature and then sintered at high temperatures. The microstructures of the sintered coatings were observed with scanning electron microscopy. By using a partially sintered LSM substrate and an optimized set of deposition conditions, dense and continuous YSZ thin film coatings with thicknesses less than 10 μm were achieved.
Importance of mammary deoxyribonucleic acid and precursor incorporation on milk secretion rate in rats.

SummaryRats nursing either six or ten young on six abdominalinguinal mammary glands, were sacrificed on days 5, 10, 15 and 20 postpartum. Nucleic acid measurements were made on the mammary glands and explants were prepared and incubated with radioactive precursors. Incorporation of 14C acetate into tissue triglycerides, 14C glucose into lactose, and 14C leucine into tissue casein per milligram DNA for 4 hr was used as an index of secretory activity. Dams nursing ten young did not have higher mammary gland weights, mammary gland nucleic acid contents or secretory activity measurements than those nursing six young. Mammary gland RNA and DNA contents increased with advancing lactation. Acetate incorporation into triglycerides was higher on day 15 of lactation than at other times. Plasma prolactin was higher on days 5 and 10 of lactation than day 20. The variable most highly correlated with pup weight and pup gain was mammary gland weight.Mammary gland DNA content accounted for 5.8% of the total variation in ...
Delay-line readout drift chambers

Abstract Delay-line readout multiwire gas proportional chambers have been constructed that use drift time information to interpolate between anode wires. Position resolutions over the entire active area of the chamber of 150 μm fwhm are routinely obtained for instantaneous event rates of up to 1 MHz. Chambers with active areas of up to 30 cm by 90 cm have been built.
The Role of Intimate Partners in Women's Reasons for Seeking Abortion

Abstract Purpose The literature on partners and abortion focuses on intimate partner violence (IPV) and risk for abortion, and partners' control of women's abortion decisions. This paper examines how partners figure in women's abortion decisions, and identifies factors associated with identifying partner as a reason (PAR) for abortion. Methods Baseline data were used from the Turnaway Study, a longitudinal study among women (n = 954) seeking abortion at 30 U.S. facilities between 2008 and 2010. Mixed methods were used. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and logistic regression. Findings Nearly one third of women reported PAR for abortion. Three most common partner-related reasons were poor relationships, partners unable/unwilling to support a baby, and partner characteristics that made them undesirable to have a baby with. Eight percent who mentioned PAR identified having abusive partners as a reason for abortion. One woman in this subgroup reported being pressured by her partner to seek abortion, whereas others in this subgroup sought abortion to end abusive relationships or to avoid bringing children into abusive relationships. Factors associated with identifying PAR for seeking abortion included race, education, partner's pregnancy intentions, relationship with man involved in the pregnancy, and experience of IPV. Conclusion Women make decisions to terminate pregnancies considering the quality of the relationship with and potential support they will receive from the man involved. Even women who report IPV, who may be vulnerable to coercion, report their motivation for the abortion is to end an abusive relationship, rather than coercion into abortion.
Computation with carbon nanotube devices

The remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them very promising candidates for future computing elements---both as a successor for silicon-basedtechnology and beyond.
Postoperative Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Open Heart Operations

Background Postoperative thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (pTTP) after cardiovascular operations has an alarmingly high mortality rate if untreated. Five patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure were diagnosed with pTTP when they were observed to have a persistent thrombocytopenia associated with symptoms of fever, renal insufficiency, thromboembolic events, or altered mental status in conjunction with a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). A guideline for early diagnosis, followed by timely treatment in these cases, is reviewed. Methods A retrospective record review of postoperative patients with thrombocytopenia identified 5 patients that met the criteria for pTTP from 2004 to 2008. We examined these 5 cardiovascular surgical patients in terms of clinical presentation, laboratory data, and outcomes. Results All patients had the combination of an unexplained thrombocytopenia (platelets Conclusions Postoperative TTP should be recognized as a possible pathophysiologic mechanism for unexplained postoperative thrombocytopenia and treatment should be initiated once the diagnosis is established.
AIMing 2 defend against intracellular pathogens.

Intracellular pathogens face a diverse array of innate immune receptors. New data show that a single receptor, AIM2, functions to detect bacterial or viral DNA in the cytosol, inducing a protective inflammasome response.
Mitochondrial DNA and Prehistoric Settlements: Native Migrations on the Western Edge of North America

We analyzed previously reported mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of 577 individuals and hypervariable segment 1 (HVS1) sequences of 265 individuals from Native American tribes in western North America to test hypotheses regarding the settlement of this region. These data were analyzed to determine whether Hokan and Penutian, two hypothesized ancient linguistic stocks, represent biological units as a result of shared ancestry within these respective groups. Although the pattern of mtDNA variation suggests regional continuity and although gene flow between populations has contributed much to the genetic landscape of western North America, some evidence supports the existence of both the Hokan and Penutian phyla. In addition, a comparison between coastal and inland populations along the west coast of North America suggests an ancient coastal migration to the New World. Similarly high levels of haplogroup A among coastal populations in the Northwest and along the California coast as well as shared HVS1 sequences indicate that early migrants to the New World settled along the coast with little gene flow into the interior valleys.
Structure and Metabolism of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans

Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans have the common structural characteristics of linear polysaccharide chains consisting of a hexosamine alternating with another sugar. They play an important role in skin as part of the support matrix of connective tissue, and may be related to cell-cell, and cell-matrix interactions. In general the polysaccharide chains are covalently linked to protein and may contain varying amounts of sulfate resulting in a strong negative charge. Biosynthesis consists of the formation of the protein core followed by the sequential addition of sugars and sulfate to the non-reducing ends of growing chains. The synthetic process is highly organized with the final polysaccharide polymerization and sulfation taking place in the Golgi. Degradation of the proteoglycans is less well understood but probably involves endoglycosidases, exoglycosidases, and proteases which work in concert to degrade these substances.
Applications of mass spectrometry for the structural characterization of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals

Therapeutic proteins produced using recombinant DNA technologies are generally complex, heterogeneous, and subject to a variety of enzymatic or chemical modifications during expression, purification, and long-term storage. The use of mass spectrometry (MS) for the evaluation of recombinant protein sequence and structure provides detailed information regarding amino acid modifications and sequence alterations that have the potential to affect the safety and activity of therapeutic protein products. General MS approaches for the characterization of recombinant therapeutic protein products will be reviewed with particular attention given to the standard MS tools available in most biotechnology laboratories. A number of recent examples will be used to illustrate the utility of MS strategies for evaluation of recombinant protein heterogeneity resulting from post-translational modifications (PTMs), sequence variations generated from proteolysis or transcriptional/translational errors, and degradation products which are formed during processing or final product storage. Specific attention will be given to the MS characterization of monoclonal antibodies as a model system for large, glycosylated, recombinant proteins. Detailed examples highlighting the use of MS for the analysis of monoclonal antibody glycosylation, deamidation, and disulfide mapping will be used to illustrate the application of these techniques to a wide variety of heterogeneous therapeutic protein products. The potential use of MS to support the selection of cell line/clone selection and formulation development for therapeutic antibody products will also be discussed.
Possible factors in the potentiation of 1-(2-chloroethy)-3-trans-4-methylcyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity by α-difluoromethylornithine in 9L rat brain tumor cells

Abstract Depletion of intracellular levels of polyamines in 9L rat brain tumor cells by α -difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- trans -4-methylcyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU) in vitro as measured by a colony-forming efficiency assay. Administered as a single agent, DFMO was not cytotoxic to 9L cells. Treatment for 48 hr with 10, 1, 0.5 or 0.1 mM DFMO produced similar levels of polyamine depletion and similar potentiation of MeCCNU cytotoxicity. Restoration of intracellular polyamine levels by the addition of exogenous putrescine ( 1 mM ) to treated cells prevented the potentiation of MeCCNU, which indicates that this phenomenon might be the result of polyamine depletion. DNA adduct formation in polyamine-depleted and control cell was studied with [14 C ]-MeCCNU; no difference in monoadduct formation was found between polyamine-depleted and control cells. Experiments to determine whether polyamine depletion has an effect on enzymes involved in the repair of alkylated bases showed that the activity of O 6 -methylguanine-DNA demethylase, 7-methylguanine-DNA glycosylase and 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylace were unaffected by 48 hr of treatment with 10 mM DFMO. DFMO treatment causes a substantial increase in the intracellular content of decarboxylated S -adenosyl- l -methionine, which was reversed by addition of putrescine. The possibility that the elevation of decarboxylated S -adenosyl- l -methionine rather than the depletion of polyamines is responsible for the effects of DFMO is discussed.
Taenia crassiceps: absorption of hexoses and partial characterization of Na + -dependent glucose absorption by larvae.

Abstract The uptake of 14 C-fructose by T. crassiceps larvae was linear with respect to concentration. Uptake of 0.05 m M 14 C-fructose was not inhibited by 5.0 m M unlabeled fructose, tagatose, or sorbose. Fructose appears to enter larvae by diffusion only. The uptake of radioglucose and radiogalactose was not linear with respect to concentration at low substrate concentrations; at high substrate concentrations, the uptake of both hexoses was linear with respect to concentration. Inhibitor studies indicated that both glucose and galactose enter larvae by a combination of diffusion and a mediated process, and that these hexoses are mutually competitive inhibitors of one another. The uptake of glucose and galactose was also inhibited by α-and β-methyl glucoside, fucose, and phlorizin, but not by several amino acids, certain sugar analogs, nor ouabain. Glucose transport is Na + sensitive; K + was demonstrated to be a competitive inhibitor of Na + activation of glucose uptake. After a 90-min incubation in 5 m M unlabeled glucose, larvae accumulated glucose against an apparent concentration difference. Although larvae appear freely permeable to ouabain, this compound had no apparent effect on glucose accumulation. The results of this study are compared with previous studies on Hymenolepis diminuta, Calliobothrium verticillatum, Hydatigera (Taenia) taeniaeformis , and mammalian systems.