cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Driving Rehabilitation Specialists’ Perspectives on Older Driver Evaluations

OBJECTIVE: We explored driving rehabilitation specialists' (DRSs') perspectives on older driver evaluations. METHOD: We conducted interviews with 26 DRSs across the United States who evaluate older drivers. Transcript analysis followed general inductive techniques to identify themes related to current systems and barriers to use. RESULTS: Themes, by Social-Ecological Model level, were as follows: (1) individual occupational therapists' commitment to mobility and safety, perceived responsibilities, and experience; (2) DRSs' relationships with drivers, medical providers, and licensing bureaus; (3) the community surrounding the DRSs, including the health care system and transportation resources; and (4) societal factors, including DRS reimbursement, reporting requirements and liability coverage, and role of national organizations. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study identified barriers to the development of an effective system for older driver evaluations. Future work should verify, refine, and expand these findings by targeting other stakeholder groups. Language: en
Piedmont Home Products, Inc.

A small manufacturer of hardwood spiral stairs, facing a financial crisis, must rethink all elements of its marketing mix. Of particular importance is a planned entry into the retail (building supply stores) channel of distribution.
The Transition From Pedicle Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous to Perforator Flap: What Is the Cost of Opportunity?

Purpose:This study evaluates how the transition from pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (pTRAM) to perforator flaps at an academic center has affected outcome and reimbursement.Methods:In 2006, our practice transitioned to almost exclusively perforator flaps for breast reconstruction.
Microscopy & Microanalysis 2015 in Portland

The Microscopy Society of America (MSA), the Microanalysis Society (MAS), and the International Metallographic Society (IMS) invite you to Microscopy & Microanalysis 2015 in Portland, Oregon. Portland has earned plenty of awards, such as: "Best Place to Live"; Best Walking Town in America"; Best Running Town"; Best Cycling City in the U.S." and now Portland, also known as the “City of Roses”, will be the perfect late summer host for our annual M&M meeting. Certainly many of you fondly recall previous visit there in 2010 and some may even recall our 1999 stint!
Correcting for VVAz prior to AVAz analysis

We present alternative P-wave anisotropy measures to analyze traveltime variation associated with fracture density and fracture direction. This velocity-independent anisotropic analysis method can avoid the Dix-type equation. Velocity variations with azimuth (VVAz) are used to detect high anisotropy locations in azimuthally migrated data. We calculate crosscorrelation coefficients at each time sample and find out time lags between different azimuth volumes. These variations in traveltimes with azimuth allow deriving a best-fit sinusoid curve as amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAz). We apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to fit anisotropic ellipse and get (maximum anisotropic azimuth) and e (anisotropic density) which can be linked to either stress or fractures.
Attraction of male Collops vittatus in the field by caryophyllene alcohol

Caryophyllene compounds were tested as attractants for Collops vittatus (Say), a predacious beetle found in Arizona cotton fields. Caryophyllene alcohol was 10 × more attractive than caryophyllene oxide, a compound previously found to be attractive. Caryophyllene alcohol attracted only male beetles and these oriented to the source from a downwind direction. Cotton dental rolls containing 0.1 g of caryophyllene alcohol were attractive for 4 weeks under field conditions. The dental roll baits in delta traps were used to monitor populations of C. vittatus in cotton and alfalfa fields near Phoenix. Caryophyllene alcohol is a useful attractant for survey and ecological studies of C. vittatus .
Interruption of the aortic arch. Surgical considerations.

During a 10 year period, January, 1965, through January, 1975, 5 patients with interruption of the aortic arch (IAA) underwent operation at the Texas Heart Institute. The mortality rate was 60 per cent: 2 patients survived the operation. One 11-day-old infant with IAA, type A, a ventricular septal defect (VSD), and a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) underwent successful two-stage treatment. A left subclavian-ductus anastomosis, closure of the PDA, and banding of the pulmonary artery were done initially. The VSD was closed later. The second survivor, a 3-year-old girl, had IAA, type B, with a PDA and VSD. Total correction was done with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia. Considerations include palliative and staged procedures versus total correction with either conventional cardiopulmonary bypass or deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Survival rate is improved if associated lesions are totally repaired or palliated at the time of reconstruction of IAA .
Identifying a Cryptic Adiantum Population through DNA Barcoding

Abstract Populations of Adiantum growing on serpentine barrens in Pennsylvania and Maryland have been identified as A. aleuticum (Rupr.) C.A.Paris ( = A. pedatum L. var. aleuticum Rupr.). This species, and the allopolyploid A. viridimontanum C.A.Paris, are known from serpentine in New England and Canada. A phylogenetic analysis based on two plastid markers showed that the Pennsylvania and Maryland populations are A. pedatum sensu stricto rather than A. aleuticum or A. viridimontanum.
Bharatanatyam and Mathematics: Teaching Geometry Through Dance

Bharatanatyam is a highly codified and schematized Asian Indian style of classical dance that accommodates the different kinds of learners. This dance is culturally relevant to Asian Indian American students, but the findings are applicable to students from other demographics that are interested in learning math through dance. Many Asian Indian students learn Bharatanatyam for cultural maintenance and preservation. Dance is also a beneficial medium to teach basic geometric shapes to young children because dance is an engaging art curriculum that can be used in schools. This mixed methods study informed by categorical content analysis is designed to recommend a framework for exploring how Asian Indian students can learn basic geometric shapes through Bharatanatyam. The study investigates dance movements called adavus, cultural relevance, and integration of elements from dance and geometry and the implementation of alternate strategies such as dance instruction to teach and learn basic geometric shapes. The data analysis revealed the benefits of dance and math integration. Key words: Asian Indian students, Bharatanatyam, geometry, learning styles, teaching and learning.
Analysis of wind coherence in the longitudinal direction using turbine mounted lidar

The use of lidar for wind turbine control relies on the hypothesis that the wind coherence in the longitudinal direction is sufficient to derive useful information from wind measurements at upstream locations. We examined wind coherence using measurements of longitudinal wind speed obtained using a forward facing pulsed turbine mounted lidar over three sites. The effect of different atmospheric conditions was evaluated. We found that the coherence decay parameter increases together with turbulence intensity, while the parameter defining the coherence at 0Hz increases with integral length-scale. A correction was applied for artificial coherence decrease due to lidar measurement effects. Results display encouraging similarities with a computational study carried out based on Large Eddy Simulation.
Imaging Techniques and Indications

This article evaluates the utility of radiography, ultrasonography, and MRI in diagnosing Achilles tendon injuries. It reviews the pertinent anatomy of the Achilles and associated structures, and signs of disorder with each imaging technique. The economics of use ultrasonography and MRI are discussed. They should serve as complementary diagnostic tools, with ultrasonography the first choice because of its ease of use, ability to view dynamic function, and cost. However, clinical examination is often best for diagnosis; MRI and ultrasonography often should be considered only when the diagnosis is confounding or a patient does not respond to recommended conservative care.
Effects of the Share 35 Rule on Waitlist and Liver Transplantation Outcomes for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction Several studies have investigated the effects following the implementation of the “Share 35” policy; however none have investigated what effect this policy change has had on waitlist and liver transplantation (LT) outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods Data were obtained from the UNOS database and a comparison of the 2 years post-Share 35 with data from the 2 years pre-Share 35 was performed. Results In the pre-Share35 era, 23% of LT were performed for HCC exceptions compared to 22% of LT in the post-Share35 era (p = 0.21). No difference in wait-time for HCC patients was seen in any of the UNOS regions between the 2 eras. Competing risk analysis demonstrated that HCC candidates in post-Share 35 era were more likely to die or be delisted for “too sick” while waiting (7.2% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.005) within 15 months. A higher proportion of ECD (p<0.001) and DCD (p<0.001) livers were used for patients transplanted for HCC, while lower DRI organs were used for those patients transplanted with a MELD≥35 between the 2 eras (p = 0.007). Conclusion No significant change to wait-time for patients listed for HCC was seen following implementation of “Share 35”. Transplant program behavior has changed resulting use of higher proportion of ECD and DCD liver grafts for patients with HCC. A higher rate of wait list mortality was observed in patients with HCC in the post-Share 35 era.
Family Planning American Style Redux: Unintended Pregnancy Improves, Barriers Remain

This article discusses barriers to reducing unintended pregnancy. Numerous factors may explain the high rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States, including inadequate sex education, confusing media messages about sex, cultural attitudes about sex and young parenting, conflation of contraception with abortion, inadequate health care access, burdensome contraceptive dispensing practices, and hospital merger limitations on care. Successful and promising approaches to expanding access to reproductive health care and reducing unintended pregnancy are discussed.
Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - which is well known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation and maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases - is increasingly recognized as an agonist of the innate immune system that influences antimicrobial responses and inflammatory pathology. On entering the cytoplasm, extracellular space or circulation, mtDNA can engage multiple pattern-recognition receptors in cell-type- and context-dependent manners to trigger pro-inflammatory and type I interferon responses. Here, we review the expanding research field of mtDNA in innate immune responses to highlight new mechanistic insights and discuss the physiological and pathological relevance of this exciting area of mitochondrial biology.
Mastectomy for Invasive Breast Cancer

Although many patients currently treated for breast cancer will undergo breast conservation, there are instances in which mastectomy remains the procedure of choice. The mastectomy procedure has evolved considerably since the era of the radical mastectomy where the breast, pectoral muscles, axillary and infraclavicular lymph nodes were resected en bloc. Current techniques include the total mastectomy (non-skin-sparing), skin-sparing mastectomy, and nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy. The choice of mastectomy technique largely depends on the indication, tumor characteristics, and plans for reconstruction. This chapter reviews indications and patient selection for mastectomy and describes the technical aspects of current mastectomy techniques.
Applications of Communication Theory I. The Substructure of Science

The concern is with the nature of science. What is proposed is that subjective aspects of science have been seriously underestimated in the past and that it requires our communication theory concept of communication-pleasure for its understanding. Scientific thinking, it is proposed, is basically conversational—matters of opinion more than of fact. Methods are proposed for bringing this subjective substructure under a measure of objective control. A profound methodological axiom is asserted which is all that distinguishes objectivity from subjectivity.
The Statistical Treatment of Orientation Data

A short sketch will be given of the types of orientation data that have been described statistically. Some specific problems will be mentioned. An effort will be made to elicit new situations requiring statistical treatment. The discussion of past work indicates what can be done when a problem is formulated.
A bicistronic transgene system for genetic modification of Parthenium argentatum

Parthenium argentatum (guayule) was transformed with a bicistronic transgene containing a viral 2A cleavage sequence. The transgene includes the coding sequences of two key enzymes of the mevalonate pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), involved in rubber biosynthesis. The viral 2A peptide sequence located between the two transgenes allowed for their co-expression via the Arabidopsis CBF2 (C-Binding repeat Factor 2) cold-inducible promoter. We identified three independent transgenic lines expressing the bicistronic transgenes upon cold treatment and examined the rubber content in the in vitro guayule plants.
Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

While positive airway pressure therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, tolerance and compliance remain a challenge. As a result, many patients pursue surgical options. Surgical therapy may be employed as an ancillary function to augment or assist other therapies, may be applied as a primarily curative measure, or serve as salvage therapy with an attempt to cure after failure of an alternate therapy. Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea has shown substantial advancements in recent years owing in part to recognition of different sites of collapse of the upper airway as well as to understanding of different mechanisms by which obstruction may occur at each subsite. As such, anatomic based staging is crucial to successful treatment. Multiple surgical options exist at each site of the upper airway and careful patient evaluation can identify which option has the greatest potential to address the obstruction. Despite these advances and improved outcomes, failures of sleep surgery still occur and as a result newer techniques are still being researched and developed.
Weed Control for Soybean in the Nineties

The use of herbicides for soybeans has increased from about 5% of the acreage treated in 1960 to nearly all of the U.S. acreage being treated three decades later. Major grass weeds of soybeans include the foxtails, barnyardgrass, shattercane and johnsongrass. Major broadleaf weeds include pigweed, common lambsquarters, smartweed, velvetleaf, cocklebur, annual morningglories, jimsonweed and nightshade. Soybean yield reductions are proportional to the amount of weeds present. The weeds that start growing at the same time as the crop are the major problem and should be controlled during the first month after planting. The dinitroaniline herbicides remain low cost and popular. The acetanilides also have significant market share. However, the postemergence herbicides for control of grass weeds could increase in use. Chloramben was popular initially but has been phased out. Metribuzin use decreased as bentazon was developed. Use of the imidazolinones and sulfonylureas has increased significantly. The reduced tillage acreage has increased partly due to “conservation compliance”. Development of crops with greater herbicide tolerance has been accompanied by concern about herbicide resistant weeds. However the potential for this problem can be reduced with herbicide combinations and herbicide rotations. Judicious use of herbicides and new use techniques can contribute significantly to resource conservation.
Timing of milestone competency acquisition in neurology residency: What by when?

Objective To determine the stage of training at which neurology residents should achieve individual elements of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education neurology Milestones and to examine the relationship between perceived importance of Milestones and the stage by which they should be achieved. Methods A modified Delphi technique was used to establish consensus postgraduate year (PGY) expectations for neurology Milestone competencies across 3 geographically and administratively distinct Mayo Clinic neurology residency programs. Timing expectations were examined for relationships to perceived importance of the individual Milestones and effects of participant characteristics. Results PGY expectations for neurology Milestone elements ranged from PGY 1.3 to PGY 4.1. Extent of rater educational seniority had no effect on PGY competency expectations. There was a moderate inverse relationship between perceived importance of the Milestone element and the PGY by which it should be achieved ( r s = −0.74, p Conclusions and relevance Expectations for neurology Milestone competency acquisition can be measured and may help inform individual program design, educational expectations, and future Milestone design.
Humility in Servant Leadership among Christian Student Leaders: A Longitudinal Pilot Study:

The goal of the current research was to examine potential predictors and outcomes of servant leadership among beginning leaders with self-reported and other-reported data. Participants included 29 ...
A biosensor-based approach reveals links between efflux pump expression and cell cycle regulation in pleiotropic drug resistance of yeast.

Multidrug resistance is highly conserved in mammalian, fungal, and bacterial cells, is characterized by resistance to several unrelated xenobiotics, and poses significant challenges to managing infections and many cancers. Eukaryotes use a highly conserved set of drug efflux transporters that confer pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR). To interrogate the regulation of this critical process, here we developed a small molecule–responsive biosensor that couples transcriptional induction of PDR genes to growth rate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using diverse PDR inducers and the homozygous diploid deletion collection, we applied this biosensor system to genome-wide screens for potential PDR regulators. In addition to recapitulating the activity of previously known factors, these screens identified a series of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes with significant but previously uncharacterized roles in the modulation of yeast PDR. Genes identified as down-regulators of the PDR included those encoding the MAD family of proteins involved in the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) complex. Of note, we demonstrated that genetic disruptions of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint elevate expression of PDR-mediating efflux pumps in response to exposure to a variety of compounds that themselves have no known influence on the cell cycle. These results not only establish our biosensor system as a viable tool for investigating PDR in a high-throughput fashion, but also uncover critical control mechanisms governing the PDR response and a previously uncharacterized link between PDR and cell cycle regulation in yeast.
Combined Pelvic Ring Disruption and Acetabular Fracture: Outcomes Using a Sequential Reduction Protocol and an Anterior Subcutaneous Pelvic Fixator (INFIX).

Objective The purposes of this article were to (1) compare our combined pelvic ring and acetabular fracture patients' rate of mortality and Injury Severity Score (ISS) to those of patients with isolated injuries at our center and to those with combined injuries as reported in the literature, (2) describe our treatment algorithm using the INFIX for these combination injuries, and (3) report our patients' radiographic and functional outcomes. Design Retrospective IRB-approved case series and literature review. Setting US Level 1 Trauma Center. Patients/participants Thousand six hundred ninety-seven with acetabular or pelvic ring injury, 174 patients with combination pelvic ring acetabular injuries, and 39 patients with 41 acetabular injuries treated with a surgical protocol. Intervention Pelvic ring reduction using INFIX and posterior fixation followed by acetabular reduction fixation. Anterior injury fixed with INFIX. Main outcome Mortality, ISS, pelvic reduction by Keshishyan index, acetabular reduction by the Matta criteria, and functional outcome by the Majeed score. Results Mortality was 5.7% and ISS was 12.5 for 174 combined injury patients. In the 39 patients with 41 injuries, excellent pelvic reduction was found in 39, and acetabular reduction was anatomic in 25 (61%), imperfect in 12 (29%), and poor in 4 (10%). Clinically 78% of the patients had good or excellent outcome and 22% had a fair or poor outcome. Nonanatomic acetabular reduction, persistent sciatic nerve palsy, and heterotopic ossification associated with poor clinical outcome. Conclusions Our treatment protocol resulted in excellent pelvic reduction, anatomic acetabular reduction in 61% of patients, and 78% good to excellent clinical outcome. Level of evidence Case series Level IV.
Varicella Zoster Virus in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Review of Current Medical Literature

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the search for the cause of giant cell arteritis (GCA) has led investigators to look to varicella zoster virus (VZV) as the answer. In some ways, the nature of VZV infectio...
Abstract 5296: DNAJA1 promotes cancer progression by stabilizing mutant p53

The tumor suppressor p53 is mutated in approximately 50% of human cancers. Majority of them are missense mutations, which results in accumulation of dysfunctional p53 proteins in tumors. Increasing evidence suggests that accumulation of mutant p53 is crucial for its oncogenic gain-of-function activities, such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Previous work from our lab has revealed that DNAJA1, a HSP40 family member, specifically binds to and stabilizes conformational/misfolded mutant p53. DNAJA1 downregulation induces ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of conformational p53 mutants, but does not affect the levels of wild-type p53 or DNA contact mutants. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that DNAJA1 promotes cancer progression in a manner dependent on conformational/misfolded mutant p53. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of DNAJA1 deletion/knockdown on malignant properties of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Genetic deletion/knockdown of DNAJA1 resulted in reduced proliferation, colony formation, migration, and orthotopic tumor growth of HNSCC cells expressing conformational mutant p53, but not DNA contact mutant p53. These cellular phenotypes induced by DNAJA1 knockdown/knockout were substantially rescued by overexpression of DNAJA1 or mutant p53. We also conducted RNA sequencing analyses using HN31 cells (control, DNAJA1 knockdown or mutant p53 knockdown). Notably, 77.2% of downregulated genes by p53 knockdown were overlapped with genes downregulated by DNAJA1 knockdown. Moreover, genes involved in cancer-related pathways, including adhesion and actin cytoskeleton organization, were commonly downregulated. These results strongly suggest that DNAJA1 promotes HNSCC progression mostly dependent on conformational mutant p53. Our results may also suggest that DNAJA1 could be a novel therapeutic target for cancers carrying conformational/misfolded mutant p53. Citation Format: Tomoo Iwakuma. DNAJA1 promotes cancer progression by stabilizing mutant p53 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5296.
Out of Pocket Diabetes-Related Medical Expenses for Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

The significant increase in the complexity of diabetes care over the last two decades is associated with a high economic burden (1), with almost one-quarter of adults with diabetes burdened with significant out of pocket expenses (OOPEs) (2). Little is known about the OOPEs for families of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. We therefore report the diabetes-related OOPEs for these families from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study and their association with demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and health care characteristics. A detailed description of the SEARCH study methods has previously been published (3). Participants had a baseline visit shortly after diabetes diagnosis and one or more follow-up visits; this report includes data from a follow-up visit between November 2011 and July 2015, at which time participants’ diabetes duration was >5 years. Participants ≥18 years old or a parent/guardian of participants <18 years old completed surveys, including questions about sociodemographics, diabetes treatment, health insurance, and OOPEs. The primary outcome was OOPEs in a typical month. Monthly OOPEs were captured in intervals of unequal lengths expressed in 2013 U.S. dollars as $0, $1–19, $20–49, $50–99, $100–199, and ≥$200. Descriptive analyses were based on the midpoint of each interval. The midpoint of the last interval (≥$200) was estimated at $278, based on MarketScan data (4). Interval-censored regression models were fit assuming a Weibull distribution to evaluate the association between categories of OOPEs and covariates. The relationship between OOPEs and each covariate was assessed after adjustment for nonmodifiable characteristics (model 1), modifiable clinical factors (model 2), and health insurance categories (model 3). SAS 9.4 was used for analyses. …
Rodent Sperm Analysis: A rationale for and path toward acceptance and use in ecological risk assessment.

Abstract The Rodent Sperm Analysis method was devised some two decades ago to advance ecological assessment science for mammals, one of two groups of terrestrial receptors routinely evaluated at chemically contaminated sites. In part, this method recognizes that sufficient time has elapsed at sites, such that a need to anticipate or predict impacts to ecological receptors is an obsolete task. The method therefore, recommends evaluating the very receptors that occupy sites for evidence today of their displaying compromised reproduction, a toxicological endpoint of great concern within the regulatory community. Critically, Rodent Sperm Analysis is not a risk assessment method but rather a direct health status assessment method, a distinction that ecological risk assessors may fail to recognize or appreciate. Further, the method is not intended as a replacement for the conventional approach to ecological assessment, but rather a method to be run in tandem with it, where it may likely reveal that site mammals are commonly free of impacts and that conventional assessments are fully unnecessary. This Discussion paper is a cautious analytical review of ecological assessor perceptions about the vetted and recently ASTM International certified Rodent Sperm Analysis method. The review identifies potential impediments to the method gaining broader acceptance by professionals in the field, prominently among these, resistance to adopting a new ecological assessment paradigm that may be more helpful than the one presently in place.
Breast Self-Examination - the case for a second look

Breast Self-Examination (BSE) remains controversial despite the 2009 United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against teaching of BSE. The USPSTF recommendations were based on results from the Shanghai Study, a high-quality randomized trial of BSE in 266,064 Chinese factory workers from 1989 to 1991; women instructed in BSE did not have a significant difference in mortality versus uninstructed controls. Regardless of the outcome of the Shanghai Study, the practice of BSE in the US over the past 25 years has been associated with a marked reduction in the size of breast cancer identified by women. In the Shanghai study, BSE was tested in China from 1989 to 1991. During this time period, Chinese breast cancer screening and treatment was not consistent with standard-of-care in the US and Europe. Breast cancer was a rare illness in China in the 1980’s. Treatment was not standardized; there was no breast imaging or margin assessment of the tumor. Tumor markers (e.g., estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor) were not reported. The Shanghai Study did not report in detail on the anti-cancer agents provided to women who enrolled in the trial.
Trends and Functional Safety Certification Strategies for Advanced Railway Automation Systems

The railway market is changing quickly to enable optimizations for future efficiency and environmental improvements like automated operations, infrastructure utilization, advanced analytics, system-level optimized energy-efficient driving. Additionally, consolidation at different levels (operation centers, hardware virtualization, cloud compute usage) push cost efficiency. Increased system-level connectivity pushes the needs for reliable high-speed communication. In this paper, we present the trends in modern mainline railway and possible implications on safety, differentiate from associated improvements like advanced analytics, and show how these trends can be supported from an IT technology perspective with associated safety needs. We also present elements beneficial for automated transportation.
Direct effects influence larval salamander size and density more than indirect effects.

Direct and indirect effects both influence population and community dynamics. The relative strengths of these pathways are often compared using experimental approaches, but their evaluation in situ has been less frequent. We examined how individual and aggregate impacts of direct and indirect effects of species densities, proxies for competition and predation pressure, and habitat variables influenced patterns of larval density and body size of ringed (Ambystoma annulatum) and spotted salamanders (A. maculatum). We surveyed > 150 ponds in Missouri, USA, from 2012 to 2014 to measure the density and body size of each focal species, the density of co-occurring pond food web members, and select habitat features. We used structural equation modeling to quantify the relative importance of direct and indirect pathways on both body size and larval density. Overall, both responses were explained through a combination of direct and indirect effects. However, the magnitudes of direct effects were often greater than indirect effects. Some of the direct and indirect relationships with larval salamander size and density were also consistent with results from experimental studies. Finally, total direct and indirect effects were often weaker due to habitat and density variables negating each other’s impacts. Overall, our study shows that direct effects were equivalent to, or more important than, indirect effects. We also demonstrate that the effects stemming from individual relationships can sum to produce net patterns that are negligible in magnitude. Further work on direct and indirect effects with observational data are needed to examine their magnitudes in natural communities.
Suicide Attempts in Association With Traditional and Electronic Bullying Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority U.S. High School Students.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the association between bullying (traditional, electronic, and both) and suicide attempt in heterosexual and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) U.S. high school students. Methods Data were obtained from 2015–2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Results Nearly 25% of students reported experiencing bullying. Approximately 5.9% of heterosexual and 25.7% of LGB students attempted suicide. Heterosexual students who experienced either traditional or electronic bullying had a higher risk of attempting suicide (1.54 [95% confidence interval 1.19–1.98] and 1.64 [1.23–2.19], respectively). The associations were similar but weaker among LGB students (1.49 [1.08–2.04] and 1.43 [.90–2.27], respectively). Students who experienced both forms of bullying had the highest prevalence of suicide attempt, but the interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusions LGB students had higher rates of both suicide attempts and experiencing bullying. Traditional and electronic bullying are not synergistic in the risk of attempting suicide, although each form increases that risk.
The Flickering Candle: Transition to a Global Oscillation and Turbulence in a Thermal Plume

A number of experiments have been performed on the properties of propane diffusion flames at relatively low fuel flow rates and using a variety of burner types. Optical methods were used to observe the flame and plume above it. We have observed the transition from a steady flame, with the plume above it exhibiting a helical instability at low flow rates, to an axisymmetric instability at a well defined frequency, of the whole flame and the lower part of the plume, at higher flow rates. In the case of burners made of straight, constant-diameter tubing, with the fuel injected vertically, the frequency and flow rate at onset of oscillation agreed with previous measurements. For burners in which fuel is injected horizontally the flame length was very small, so that it could be considered merely as a heat source for the unstable plume above it. Under these circumstances the frequency of oscillation was robust and unaffected by perturbations caused by a moderately-strong, external sound source. Measurements of the amplitude of flame/plume oscillation with distance from the burner tip showed an exponential dependence. These results and the observation of the effects of various external modifications, e.g. the destabilising effect, on a steady flame, of an annular counterflow with the subsequent generation of, first, an axisymmetric instability followed by a low-frequency, helical oscillations; a strong pressure perturbation, etc., are consistent with the view that the transition to the axisymmetric state, at which the flame flickers, is one to a globally-excited oscillation forced by a finite region of absolutely unstable flow at or near the tip of the burners used in this study. The information feed-back inherent in this explanation could be enhanced by placing an obstacle above the flame tip, in which case the flow rate required to induce flickering was decreased. Also, increasing the flow velocity through the enclosure surrounding the burner, by manipulation of the exit conditions, stabilised the flickering flame. Such a result would be expected based on prior theoretical and experimental studies of similar types of flow exhibiting global oscillations. Finally, the upper reaches of the plume underwent a further transition to turbulence through complex sequence of vortex interactions and distortions.
An Examination of the Impact of Closing Techniques and Buyer Gender on Attitude toward the Salesperson

The impact of 6 types of closing techniques as well as buyer gender on purchasing agents’ attitude toward the salesperson was examined in this paper. The study utilized scenario methodology in a 6 x 2 factorial after-only field experiment that included 241 purchasing executives. The closing techniques utilized were as follows: the (1) assumed close; the (2) either-or close; the (3) testamonial close; (4) the if-then close; (5) the impending event close; (6) a no close condition. The assumed close and the either-or close are both derivatives of the consistency principle of persuasion. The testamonial close is based on the strong tendency for individuals to model their behavior on referent others. The if-then close utilizes the norm of reciprocity which obligates people to repay gifts, favors, invitations, and concessions. The impending event close encourages the buyer to buy now before some known future event occurs which will make the terms of the exchange less favorable to the buyer. This close is based on the scarcity principle of persuasion which posits that as resources become scarce they become more valuable and there arises a penalty for waiting. The no close condition provided a test of whether closing in general affected attitude toward the salesperson.
The efficacy of an electronic performance support system as a training tool for online faculty

An instructional website was developed as an electronic performance support system (EPSS) to determine whether faculty would use and learn from such a resource. This website summarized pedagogical information about online instruction that users could access 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In Phase I of the study, five college professors with experience teaching online courses evaluated the usability of the website and made suggestions on how it could be improved. Revisions were made to the website to enhance clarity and comprehension in preparation for Phase II of the study. In Phase II, 35 college instructors agreed to use the website to learn about pedagogical information related to teaching online courses. Only two people visited at least 75% of the web pages, limiting the conclusions that could be drawn. Two conclusions, however, seem warranted. First, an EPSS is not the most effective way to deliver non-mandatory faculty education because the primary goal of an EPSS is to enhance performance in a business setting rather than to facilitate learning in the academic setting. Second, any type of faculty development program must be developed from the learner’s perspective and include interaction between the participants. CHAPTER
Dynamic element matching techniques for delta-sigma ADCs with large internal quantizers

Increasing the quantizer resolution in a delta-sigma modulator can increase SNR, improve stability and reduce integrator power consumption. However, each added bit of quantizer resolution causes an exponential decrease in the power dissipation, required area and complexity of the dynamic element matching (DEM) circuit required to attenuate DAC mismatch errors. This paper discusses the prospect of using a segmented feedback path with coarse and fine signals to reduce DEM complexity for modulators with large internal quantizers. Consequences of segmentation are presented, along with two potential solutions: one that uses calibration to cancel mismatch between coarse and fine DACs, and another that frequency-shapes this mismatch error. Analysis and behavioral simulation results are presented.
Hindsight-biased Courts and the Efficiency of the Legal System

This paper examines the implications of a cognitive deficiency called “hindsight bias” on two legal standards: negligence and probable cause. This focus illustrates the implications of hindsight bias depending on whether a court intervenes following a failure vs. success in risk management (respectively). When the court applies the negligence standard, I find that hindsight bias discourages (encourages) preventive measures that reduce the likelihood (severity) of an accident. When the court applies the probable cause standard, I show that hindsight bias discourages aggressive searches that increase the likelihood of police seizures. I also study the effectiveness of counterfactual thinking as a remedy for hindsight bias, and find that it is only unambiguously effective under the probable cause standard.
A chimeric avian retrovirus containing the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene has an expanded host range.

We have investigated what protein sequences are necessary for glycoprotein incorporation into Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) virions by utilizing the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus. Two chimeric HA genes were constructed. In the first the coding sequence for the signal peptide of the RSV env gene product was fused in frame to the entire HA structural gene, and in the second the hydrophobic anchor and cytoplasmic domain sequences of the HA gene were also replaced with those from the RSV env gene. Both chimeric genes, expressed from a simian virus 40 expression vector in CV-1 cells, yielded functional HA proteins that were transported to the cell surface and were able to bind to erythrocytes. When the genes were expressed in combination with the RSV gag-pol gene region in QT6 cells by using a vaccinia virus-T7 expression/complementation system, virions that efficiently incorporated either chimeric protein were assembled. This result indicated that the presence of the RSV env membrane anchor and cytoplasmic sequences did not facilitate HA glycoprotein incorporation into virions. The presence of the RSV env signal sequence allowed the chimeric HA genes to be substituted into the RSV-derived BH-RCAN.HiSV viral genome in place of the RSV env gene. Both chimeric genomes yielded infectious virus that could infect human and avian cells with equal efficiency. These experiments demonstrate that a foreign glycoprotein, efficiently incorporated into virions lacking a native glycoprotein, can confer a broadened host range on the virus. Moreover, because the HA of influenza virus requires the acidic pH of the endosome in order to be activated, these results imply that foreign proteins can modify the normal route of entry of this avian retrovirus.
A Cluster of Class 0 Protostars in Serpens: an IRAS HIRES Study

We present new 12, 25, 60, and 100 μm high-resolution-processed (HIRES-processed) IRAS images of the nearby Serpens star-forming cloud core at FWHM resolutions of ~30''-1'. We use HIRES-processed point-source models of the IRAS emission to derive new flux values and flux upper limits for all the protostellar candidates in the Serpens core. Our fluxes (and flux upper limits) determine the spectral energy distributions necessary to derive the dust temperature, circumstellar mass, bolometric luminosity, and evolutionary status of each protostellar candidate. Remarkably, we find all five sources studied by Hurt, Barsony, & Wootten, FIRS 1, SMM 4, S68N, SMM 3, and SMM 2, to share the defining characteristics of class 0 protostars, the short-lived (a few times 104 yr), earliest observable protostellar stage. We can also set an upper limit of 8 L☉ on the preoutburst bolometric luminosity of the recently discovered "FU Ori" source in this region.
Chapter 12 Current management of hormone-refractory prostate cancer

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the management of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, a variety of options are available for the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory PCa and more therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials. Hormonal therapies are not curative and most patients treated in this manner for advanced PCa may eventually relapse and die from this disease. Patients entered into current trials represent a very different patient population as compared to the past, and the trials are primarily designed to assess different endpoints than in the past. The combination of changing patient populations and changing endpoints makes comparison of newer and older trials difficult. Prospective randomized trials with appropriate control groups are critical for the accurate evaluation of treatment efficacy and toxicity.
Submicromolar Ca2+ regulates phosphorylating respiration by normal rat liver and AS-30D hepatoma mitochondria by different mechanisms.

The stimulation of 2-oxoglutarate and NAD(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase by Ca2+ in mitochondria from normal tissues has been proposed to mediate partially the activation of oxidative energy metabolism elicited by physiological elevations in cytosolic Ca2+. This mode of regulation may also occur in tumor cells in which several aspects of mitochondrial metabolism are known to be altered. This study provides a comparison of the stimulation by submicromolar concentrations of Ca2+ on the rates of ATP-generating (state 3) respiration under physiologically realistic conditions by mitochondria isolated from normal rat liver and from highly malignant rat AS-30D ascites hepatoma cells. The K0.5 for activation of glutamate-dependent state 3 respiration by Ca2+ in the presence of ATP at 37 degrees C was determined to be 0.70 +/- 0.05 (S.E.) microM for hepatoma mitochondria and 0.90 +/- 0.03 microM for rat liver mitochondria. This activation was also reflected by a Ca2(+)-induced shift in the oxidation-reduction state of hepatoma mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides to a more reduced level and Ca2+ stimulation of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glutamate. Whereas the Ca2+ sensitivity of state 3 respiration by hepatoma mitochondria can be explained by the activation of 2-oxoglutarate and possibly NAD(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenases, the Ca2+ sensitivity of liver mitochondrial respiration appears to be predominantly mediated by activation of electron flow through ubiquinone and Complex III of the electron transport chain, as indicated by the specificity of the effects of Ca2+ on respiration with different oxidizable substrates. Although rat liver and hepatoma mitochondria employ different modes of Ca2(+)-activated ATP generation, these results support the hypothesis that changes in cytosolic Ca2+ play a significant role in the potentiation of energy production in tumor, as well as normal tissue.
Character and Fitness to Take the Bar Exam.

In In re Application of Blackwell , 880 N.E.2d 886 (Ohio 2007), the Supreme Court of Ohio reviewed the recommendation of the Ohio Board of Commissioners on Character and Fitness to disapprove Rahshann Blackwell's pending application to take the Ohio bar examination, because he was psychologically
Molecular Determinants of Agonist and Antagonist Signaling through the IL-36 Receptor

The IL-1 family consists of 11 cytokines that control a complex network of proinflammatory signals critical for regulating immune responses to infections. They also play a central role in numerous chronic inflammatory disorders. Accordingly, inhibiting the activities of these cytokines is an important therapeutic strategy for treating autoimmune diseases and lymphomas. Agonist cytokines in the IL-1 family activate signaling by binding their cognate receptor and then recruiting a receptor accessory protein. Conversely, antagonist cytokines bind their cognate receptor but prohibit recruitment of receptor accessory protein, which precludes functional signaling complexes. The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines is the most diverse, including three agonists and at least one antagonist, and is the least well-characterized group within this family. Signaling through the IL-36 receptor directly stimulates dendritic cells and primes naive CD4 T cells for Th1 responses. Appropriately balanced IL-36 signaling is a critical determinant of skin and lung health. IL-36 signaling has been presumed to function analogously to IL-1 signaling. In this study, we have defined molecular determinants of agonist and antagonist signaling through the IL-36 receptor. We present the crystal structure of IL-36γ, which, to our knowledge, is the first reported structure of an IL-36 agonist. Using this structure as a guide, we designed a comprehensive series of IL-36 agonist/antagonist chimeric proteins for which we measured binding to the IL-36 receptor/IL-1 receptor accessory protein complex and functional activation and inhibition of signaling. Our data reveal how the fine specificity of IL-36 signaling is distinct from that of IL-1.