cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robotic pulmonary lobectomy--the future and probably should remain so.

Using robotic technology to perform pulmonary surgery is of great current interest to the thoracic surgical community. With the advent of video-assisted thoracic surgery in the early 1990s, we have provided major benefit to our patients undergoing all types of surgical procedures from videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) pleural biopsy to what is now becoming more routine, VATS lobectomy. No question exists that increasing data have shown that perioperative recovery, complication rates, quality of life, and cost to the system all favor a VATS approach over an open approach (thoracotomy) for pulmonary lobectomy. For the most important outcome variable, that of cancer-related survival, the data have continued to suggest at least an equivalence between VATS lobectomy and thoracotomy and lobectomy, with a hint of improved survival using the VATS approach. In the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database, VATS lobectomy has increased to more than 30% of all lobectomies performed. This operation is now quite standardized, with an approach to the hilar vessels, bronchus, and lymph nodes similar to that of the open approach. Training programs have incorporated this operation into the standard armamentarium of the thoracic resident, and simulations courses and fellowships are available to help provide learning opportunities to surgeons who are out in practice. With this background, robotic lobectomies have been performed on a limited basis, with the advocates suggesting that the visualization and dissection are superior compared with a VATS approach. Robotic technology does have a certain appeal. The arms have a wrist-like movement and the magnification and depth of field of the robotic camera are superior to the standard VATS camera. However, it is not clear that these are significant advantages compared with VATS in the realm of cancer surgery. They might be useful for cardiac or urologic procedures; however, in thoracic arena, where the field is wide and the operation is primarily one
Evidence-based medicine in practice: applying intention-to-treat analysis and perprotocol analysis.

Evidence-Based Medicine in Practice: Applying Intention-to-Treat Analysis and Perprotocol Analysis
N/sup TH/ order circular symmetry pattern and hexagonal tesselation: two new layout techniques cancelling nonlinear gradient

This paper discusses systematic mismatch due to gradient in IC fabrication and presents a generic layout strategy to enhance matching characteristics for passive and active devices in VLSI. Circular symmetry pattern, a new type of layout structure, was proposed and its effect on high order gradient cancellation was discussed. Analytical deviations suggested circular symmetry pattern has the potential to cancel high order gradient mismatching between two devices. This paper also proposed two layout structures, the second circular symmetry pattern and a hexagonal tessellation, which can cancel linear quadratic gradient in resistors, capacitors and threshold voltages of transistors. Simulation results of proposed second circular symmetry patter and hexagonal tessellation have a better matching performance than existing layout structure.
Immunity to murine Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract reinfection involves B cells and CD4(+) T cells but not CD8(+) T cells.

CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) responses are essential for the resolution of a primary Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection; however, elements of the immune response that function in resistance to reinfection are poorly understood. Defining the mechanisms of immune resistance to reinfection is important because the elements of protective adaptive immunity are distinguished by immunological memory and high-affinity antigen recognition, both of which are crucial to the development of efficacious vaccines. Using in vivo antibody depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to secondary intravaginal challenge, we identified lymphocyte populations that functioned in resistance to secondary chlamydial infection of the genital tract. Depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in immune wild-type C57BL/6 mice had a limited effect on resistance to reinfection. However, depletion of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, in immune B-cell-deficient mice profoundly altered the course of secondary infection. CD4-depleted B-cell-deficient mice were unable to resolve a secondary infection, shed high levels of infectious chlamydiae, and did not resolve the infection until 3 to 4 weeks following the discontinuation of anti-CD4 treatment. These findings substantiated a predominant role for CD4+ T cells in host resistance to chlamydial reinfection of the female genital tract and demonstrated that CD8+ T cells are unnecessary for adaptive immune resistance. More importantly, however, this study establishes a previously unrecognized but very significant role for B cells in resistance to chlamydial reinfection and suggests that B cells and CD4+ T cells may function synergistically in providing immunity in this model of chlamydial infection. Whether CD4+ T cells and B cells function independently or dependently is unknown, but definition of those mechanisms is fundamental to understanding optimum protective immunity and to the development of highly efficacious immunotherapies against chlamydial urogenital infections.
Motor Activity During Walking in the Cockroach Periplaneta Americana : II. Tethered Walking

1. The patterns of electrical activity of selected muscles of the rear legs were studied during locomotion in unrestrained, freely moving cockroaches. 2. During walking, muscle potentials in both extensor and flexor muscles were always grouped into bursts separated by periods of silence, with one burst occurring per step. 3. During very slow walking, the occurrence of flexor and extensor bursts was synchronized with, respectively, the flexion and extension movements of the leg. At increasingly greater speeds of locomotion, the movements of the leg lagged increasingly behind the muscle activity, so that during very fast walking the extensor or flexor burst often began while the preceding leg movement was not quite half completed. 4. ‘Slow’ extensor and ‘fast’ flexor bursts were studied in detail. The frequency of impulses within each extensor burst was usually steady, but sometimes declined in the middle or increased at the end of a burst. Frequency within ‘fast’ flexor bursts was often more varied, but there was no systematic change in frequency with any other parameter which was examined. 5. For ‘slow’ extensor bursts, the duration of each burst, the number of impulses per burst and the mean interval between impulses in a burst each increased significantly as the duration of the associated step increased, i.e., there was a positive correlation between each pair of parameters. The rate at which the number of impulses per burst and mean interval per burst changed as a function of step duration was often significantly higher for steps shorter than about 300 msec than for longer ones. 6. For ‘fast’ flexor bursts, the duration of each burst, the number of impulses per burst and the mean interval per burst were each extremely variable; a weak correlation with step duration could only be demonstrated for the latter. However, both mean interval and the number of impulses per burst were positively correlated with the duration of the burst from which they were taken. 7. The data qualitatively support current models of step generation in insects, but also suggest that a useful distinction could be made between very slow walking (below 3-4 steps per sec), termed ambling, and faster walking.
A comparison of success rates of introduced passeriform birds in New Zealand, Australia and the United States

In this study, we compiled lists of successful and unsuccessful passeriform introductions to nine sites in New Zealand, Australia and the United States. We limited our analysis to introductions during the 19th century to minimize potential variation in transport modes and habitat quality changes, such as those due to increasing urbanization. We compared introduction success rates at three levels. First we included all passeriforms introduced to any of the sites in the three locations, then we compared the fates of just those species with a European origin and finally we compared success rates of just the 13 species released into all three locations. We found that the pattern of success or failure differed significantly across the three locations: Passeriforms introduced by acclimatization organizations to the United States were significantly more likely to fail than those introduced to New Zealand or Australia. Several species that succeeded in either New Zealand or Australia failed in the United States, even after the introduction of seemingly sufficient numbers.
The geographic scope of the MNC and its alliance portfolio: Resolving the paradox of distance

Some research suggests that knowledge transfer and performance suffer when entities are distant from each other, while other work emphasizes that distance is beneficial by allowing firms to access novel and diverse knowledge. We resolve this paradox by focusing on the differing roles of MNC subsidiaries and headquarters vis-a-vis its alliances: distance between technology alliance partners and subsidiaries hurts MNC performance, but MNCs benefit when such partners are located afar from headquarters. We find support for these ideas in a longitudinal sample (2002 to 2006) of 126 Fortune 500 firms. Our work broadens the concept of the geographic scope of the firm, and suggests that MNCs gain by searching globally but collaborating locally.
PROCESS ISSUES IN AMERICAN SECURITY POLICY AND POLICY‐MAKING COORDINATING ARMS CONTROL STRATEGIES

This study examines some apparent dilemmas and possible contradictions in U.S. policies spanning several of the most important arms control domains. The analysis is centered on the triangular relationship connecting nuclear non-proliferation, SALT, and conventional arms transfers (CAT), with each analyzed as dependent and independent variables in relation to the others. Further such linkages are examined involving the Comprehensive Test Ban, Indian Ocean de-militarization, and Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR). The study questions, in particular, whether or not U.S. policies on SALT and CAT may prove counterproductive for efforts to halt nuclear proliferation. The linkage of American overseas basing access to several areas of arms control endeavor is also highlighted.
Subsurface investigation of a rock glacier using ground-penetrating radar: Implications for locating stored water on Mars

[1] The discovery of rock glacier-like features on Mars suggests the presence of flowing, or once-flowing, ice-rock mixtures. These landforms, which include lobate debris aprons, concentric crater fill, and lineated valley fill, hold significant promise as reservoirs of stored water ice that could be used as fuel sources for human exploration of Mars and provide a frozen record of the climatic history of the planet. To understand the deformation and distribution of ice within these landforms, fundamental descriptions of their internal structure and development are required. To this end, a ground-penetrating radar investigation was initiated using rock glaciers in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado as surrogates for similar Martian landforms. Results obtained from one of these rock glaciers show that the interior of the landform is composed of a layered permafrost matrix of ice, sediment, and ice lenses that comprise thicker depositional units formed through high-magnitude debris falls. Folds in the uppermost layers correspond to the surface expression of ridges and furrows, suggesting that compressive stresses originating in the accumulation zone are transmitted downslope through the rock glacier. Rock glacier features on Mars may also consist of layered permafrost, which would suggest a history of development involving seasonal frost accumulation and/or water influx from below. In terms of water storage within Martian analogs, consideration must include the possibility that some water ice may be stored in relatively pure form within lenses and vein networks such as observed in the surrogate rock glacier of this study.
CHAPTER 21: Minimizing Barriers in Teacher Diversity Professional Development

ABSTRACT This program evaluation documented teacher perceptions of the impact of the first year of a 3-year diversity professional development experience. A survey was administered to 150 Catholic school teachers. The survey documented: 1) teacher identification of strengths and needs (Identification); 2) delivery in a non-threatening and non-judgmental environment (Non-Threatening); 3) supportive opportunities for ongoing reflection (Reflection); and 4) program responsiveness to the needs of the school environment (Program Responsiveness). The results revealed that a professional development experience that allows teachers to identify their needs in a nonthreatening and non-judgmental environment, and provides opportunities for ongoing reflection, is critical in fostering change with respect to issues of diversity.
Speeding up large-scale point-in-polygon test based spatial join on GPUs

Point-in-Polygon (PIP) test is fundamental to spatial databases and GIS. Motivated by the slow response times in joining large-scale point locations with polygons using traditional spatial databases and GIS, we have designed and developed an end-to-end system completely on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to associate points with the polygons that they fall within by utilizing massively data parallel computing power of GPUs. The system includes an efficient module to generate point quadrants that have at most K points from large-scale unordered points, a simple grid-file based spatial filtering approach to associate point quadrants and polygons, and, a PIP test module to assign polygons to points in a GPU computing block using both the block and thread level parallelisms. Experiments on joining 170 million points with more than 40 thousand polygons have resulted in a runtime of 11.165 seconds on an Nvidia Quadro 6000 GPU device. In contrast, a baseline serial CPU implementation using state-of-the-art open source GIS packages required 15+ hours to complete. We further discuss several factors and parameters that may affect the system performance.
Can grand unification monopoles be detected with plastic scintillators

By drawing upon results from work dealing with the interactions of slow protons with matter, we estimate the light yield of grand unification monopoles from organic scintillators. It is shown that monopoles having velocities > or approx. =6 x 10sup-4c can be observed.
Analysis and compression of six-dimensional gyrokinetic datasets using higher order singular value decomposition

Higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) is explored as a tool for analyzing and compressing gyrokinetic data. An efficient numerical implementation of an HOSVD algorithm is described. HOSVD is used to analyze the full six-dimensional (three spatial, two velocity space, and time dimensions) gyrocenter distribution function from gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient, electron temperature gradient, and trapped electron mode driven turbulence. The HOSVD eigenvalues for the velocity space coordinates decay very rapidly, indicating that only a few structures in velocity space can capture the most important dynamics. In almost all of the cases studied, HOSVD extracts parallel velocity space structures which are very similar to orthogonal polynomials. HOSVD is also used to compress gyrokinetic datasets, an application in which it is shown to significantly outperform the more commonly used singular value decomposition. It is shown that the effectiveness of the HOSVD compression improves as the dimensionality of the dataset increases.
Ungewöhnliche ligandgesteuerte Regioselektivität in der eisenkatalysierten Kupplung von Allylethern an 2-substituierte 1,3-Diene†

Reactions de l'isoprene avec le benzyl allyl ether en presence de (L)Fe 0 (L=bipyridyle-2,2', biquinolyle-2,2'): suivant le coordinat, obtention de benzyl methyl-5 heptadiene-1,6- ou -1,5yl ethers
Underwater observations of blue‐water plankton: Logistics, techniques, and safety procedures for divers at sea1

The results of more than 800 h spent in offshore dives in the eastern Florida Current near Bimini, Bahamas, in the Gulf of California, and in the Sargasso Sea to observe living, undisturbed plankton in the open sea suggest that the technique has much potential. The logistics of this type of research, particularly safety procedures, are reviewed in detail.
Moving Toward Nano-TCAD Through Multimillion-Atom Quantum-Dot Simulations Matching Experimental Data

Low-loss optical communication requires light sources at 1.5 mum wavelengths. Experiments showed, without much theoretical guidance, that InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) may be tuned to such wavelengths by adjusting the In fraction in an InxGa1- xAs strain-reducing capping layer. In this paper, systematic multimillion-atom electronic structure calculations explain, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the first time, available experimental data. The nanoelectronic modeling NEMO 3-D simulations treat strain in a 15-million-atom system and electronic structure in a subset of ~ 9 million atoms using the experimentally given nominal geometries, and without any further parameter adjustments, the simulations match the nonlinear behavior of experimental data very closely. With the match to experimental data and the availability of internal model quantities, significant insight can be gained through mapping to reduced-order models and their relative importance. We can also demonstrate that starting from simple models has, in the past, led to the wrong conclusions. The critical new insight presented here is that the QD changes its shape. The quantitative simulation agreement with experiment, without any material or geometry parameter adjustment in a general atomistic tool, leads us to believe that the era of nanotechnology computer-aided design is approaching. NEMO 3-D will be released on nanoHUB.org, where the community can duplicate and expand on the results presented here through interactive simulations.
Fertility Treatment Outcomes in Obese Women

Obesity is a known risk factor for poor fertility treatment outcomes, but until recently, specific mechanisms for this phenomenon were poorly described. Through the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), researchers have been able to more closely examine discrete events along the reproductive pathway, including oocyte development, ovulation, fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation. This chapter highlights the impact of obesity on spontaneous conception as well as on individual ART parameters. In addition to lower rates of spontaneous ovulation and higher rates of spontaneous pregnancy loss, obesity is associated with higher gonadotropin requirements, lower peak estradiol levels, fewer mature oocytes, and lower clinical pregnancy and live birth rates after ART. Finally, we review perspectives on endometrial receptivity and embryo quality in obese women—currently a focus of intense debate—while highlighting the clinically demonstrated benefits of modest weight loss on both spontaneous conception and ART.
CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF DDT-RESISTANCE IN A LONG-TERM SELECTED POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

The genetic basis of DDT-resistance was studied in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. This population was unique in that it had been continually selected for DDT-resistance since 1952 and had achieved a very high level of resistance. The genetic basis of resistance was studied by means of a chromosomal analysis. Fifteen combinations of resistant and control chromosomes were tested using a time-based DDT test. The analysis of the data showed that resistance was multifactorial with each of the three major chromosomes involved. Dominant and recessive second and third chromosome effects were found to be much more important than those of the first chromosome, which had no detectable recessive effects. Second and third chromosome resistance genes showed incomplete dominance. The average dominance of the second chromosome was much less than that of the third chromosome. These large-scale differences between chromosomes' effects and average dominance may indicate that a small number of resistance genes are involved. Two significant interactions between chromosomes were found. Scaling difficulties make the interactions difficult to interpret without further data. It seems possible that positive interactions between resistance have been developed by the long-term directional selection in this population.
The Role of IQ in Special Education Placement Decisions Primary and Determinative or Peripheral and Inconsequential

ABSTRACTThe role of IQ in arriving at placement decisions in special education was portrayed in the 1972 Larry P. case as “primary and determinative” by Judge Peckham. In the present paper the evidence bearing on that portrayal—both past and present—of the emphasis placed on IQ is reviewed. Although IQ is central to state education codes and their criteria for certifying a child as eligible for special education as mentally retarded or learning disabled, the evidence shows that many children exhibiting psychometric scores that would make them eligible are never referred and, if referred, are not placed in the state-sanctioned disability category for which they qualify psycho-metrically. Evidence from ongoing research on classification of children is presented that fails to support the position that IQ is weighted heavily in arriving at eligibility and placement decisions. In fact, the evidence suggests that absolute low achievement seems far more definitive than IQ scores or discrepancies between IQ and s...
The Emerging Impact of the Information Age on Orthopaedic Surgery

In the early 1980s, orthopaedic surgeons made the transition from reviewing patient cohorts on paper to storing patient data in computerized databases. These databases have proven to be useful tools for documenting patient care, performing clinical research, and fostering continuing education. Patient databases will play an even more important role in the future as orthopaedic surgeons and software developers further exploit the power of the Internet. In this paper, we review our experience with use of a patient database at a single institution, the strides being taken to create a registry that can be used by many centers, and the potential to accelerate these efforts through the widespread use of the Internet. Patient databases store information collected from instruments designed to measure components of patient care. We have used a system model (Fig. 1) to consider these individual components. In the model, patient care comprises the continuous and recurring cycle of evaluation, decision, and intervention, and the interactions among these three elements. Each of these components can be measured independently. Validity, reliability, and sensitivity are measures of evaluation. Appropriateness is a measure of the decision, and outcome is a measure of the intervention. Satisfaction is a measure of patient care as a whole. Fig. 1: System model for patient care. Patient care comprises the continuous and recurring cycle of evaluation, decision, and intervention, and the interactions among these elements. To demonstrate the use of one of these measures with a patient database, consider the example of a study that we conducted to determine the appropriateness of total hip replacement. We measured the change in the physical scales of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) from a point immediately before hip replacement surgery to two years after surgery in a consecutive group of 200 patients1. The patient population was divided into three groups …
Formation of Buried Tisi2 Layers in Single Crystal Silicon by Ion Implantion

Buried TiSi2 layers, about 600A thick and 900A below the surface, were formed in silicon by ion implantation. The implantation was done with either 120 or 170 keV Ti+ to doses ranging from 5 x 1016 to 2 x 1017 ions/cm2, and at temperatures of between ambient and 650° C. Annealing was done at 600° C, 700°C and 1000°C. Continuous buried layers were achieved only with samples implanted with doses equal or greater than 1017 ions/cm2 and at temperatures above 450°C. Below this dose TiSi2, was present only as discrete precipitates. For room temperature implants, the TiSi2, layer is formed on the surface. The damage present consists of dispersed TiSi6 precipitates and microtwins.
Undiversion Using Ileocecocystoplasty in a Case of Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage after Cardiac Catheterization

Abstract We performed urinary undiversion using ileocecocystoplasty in a patient who sustained bladder and ureteral necrosis secondary to transfemoral cardiac catheterization.
The Enduring Feminine Mystique

This chapter explicates Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique in order to highlight problems that were brought to the forefront 50 years ago and to summarize how this key text has influenced conversations about women in the workplace. Mayock here examines expectations that individuals hold for the workplace and compares them to the realities individuals confront in the workplace. She adapts Friedan’s “feminine mystique” to a concept of “professional mystique.”
Cohesive Neighborhoods Where Social Expectations Are Shared May Have Positive Impact On Adolescent Mental Health

Adolescent mental health problems are associated with poor health and well-being in adulthood. We used data from a cohort of 2,264 children born in large US cities in 1998–2000 to examine whether n...
The Legacy of Lynching? An Empirical Replication and Conceptual Extension

ABSTRACTResearch shows enduring impacts of lynching on a variety of modern outcomes. For instance, Messner, Baller, and Zevenbergen found that lynching is associated with contemporary white-on-black homicide. We propose a model describing how events from the past can have effects on events in the present. Essential to our framework is the notion of social forces of “resistance” that can impede or facilitate the temporal transmission of collective memories. We test “indicators of resistance” that influence the transmission of a collective memory supportive of a “legacy of lynching.” Analyses reveal that the positive and significant association between lynching and white-on-black homicide observed by Messner et al. is attenuated and becomes statistically nonsignificant with the inclusion of these indicators. Our results suggest that the temporal transmission of a racist cultural schema manifested through lynching is more likely where resistance is low. These findings have implications for how researchers ca...
Partial regularity of solutions to a class of strongly coupled degenerate parabolic systems

Using the method of heat approximation, we will establish partial regularity results for bounded weak solutions to certain strongly coupled degenerate parabolic systems.
Phospho-signal flow from a pole-localized microdomain spatially patterns transcription factor activity

Selective recruitment and concentration of signaling proteins within membrane-less compartments is a ubiquitous mechanism for subcellular organization. However, little is known about the effects of such a dynamic recruitment mechanism on intracellular signaling. Here, we combined transcriptional profiling, reaction-diffusion modeling, and single-molecule tracking to study signal exchange in and out of a microdomain at the cell pole of the asymmetrically dividing bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Our study revealed that the microdomain is selectively permeable, and that each protein in the signaling pathway that activates the cell fate transcription factor CtrA is sequestered and uniformly concentrated within the microdomain or its proximal membrane. Restricted rates of entry into and escape from the microdomain enhance phospho-signaling, leading to a sublinear gradient of CtrA~P along the long axis of the cell. The spatial patterning of CtrA~P creates a gradient of transcriptional activation that serves to prime asymmetric development of the two daughter cells. NOTE: K. L. and A. D. are co-first authors on this paper.
Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites and lipid peroxidation with sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletions.

Abstract Background Phthalates, a chemical class of plasticizers, are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been associated with oxidative stress. Mitochondria DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and DNA deletions (mtDNAdel) are emerging biomarkers for cellular oxidative stress and environment exposures. Objectives To examine associations of urinary phthalate metabolite and isoprostane concentrations on sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel in male partners undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Methods Ninety-nine sperm samples were collected from male partners undergoing ART at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, MA as part of the Sperm Environmental Epigenetics and Development Study (SEEDS). Seventeen urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control using tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A triplex qPCR method was used to determine the relative quantification of mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel. Results Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were positively correlated (Spearman rho = 0.31; p = .002). Adjusting for age, BMI, current smoking, race, and measurement batch, urinary monocarboxy-isononyl phthalate (MCNP) concentrations were positively associated with mtDNAcn (β = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.14, 3.11). Other urinary phthalate metabolite and isoprostane concentrations were not associated with sperm mtDNAcn or mtDNAdel. Conclusions Among this cohort of male ART participants, those with higher MCNP had higher mtDNAcn; other phthalate metabolites and isoprostane were not associated with mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel. Given our relatively small sample size, our results should be interpreted with caution. Future research is needed to replicate the findings in larger studies and among sperm samples obtained from the general population.
Distribution results for a multi-rank version of the Reed-Yu detector

In this paper we revisit a detector first derived by Reed and Yu [1], generalized by Bliss and Parker [2], and recently studied by Hiltunen, Loubaton, and Chevalier [3], [4]. The problem is to detect a known signal transmitted over an unknown MIMO channel of unknown complex gains and unknown additive noise covariance. The probability distribution of a CFAR detector for this problem was first derived for the SIMO channel in [1]. We generalize this distribution for the case of a MIMO channel, and show that the CFAR detector statistic is distributed as the product of independent scalar beta random variables under the null. Our results, based on the theory of beta distributed random matrices, hold for M symbols transmitted from p transmitters and received at L receivers. The asymptotic results of [3], [4] are based on large random matrix theory, which assumes L and M to be unbounded.
Combining Morphology and Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping To Evaluate Bone Marrow Specimens for B-Cell Malignant Neoplasms

For this study, 188 bone marrow core biopsy specimens and aspirates analyzed morphologically and by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in patients with a previous or new diagnosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or mature B-cell leukemia were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate patterns of involvement and the usefulness of FCI. The morphologic and FCI results were categorized as follows: positive by morphologic examination and by FCI (39.9%); negative by morphologic examination and by FCI (41.5%); positive by morphologic examination and negative by FCI (11.7%); negative by morphologic examination and positive by FCI (2.6%); suggestive of malignant neoplasm by morphologic examination and positive by FCI (2.1%); and suggestive of malignant neoplasm by morphologic examination and negative by FCI (2.1%). Thus, in 81.4% of cases the morphologic and FCI findings were completely concordant. In 11.7% of cases, the morphologic examination alone detected involvement, and in 4.7% of cases, the FCI data detected involvement in a morphologically negative or "suggestive" bone marrow core. Combining these modalities is essential to evaluate bone marrow specimens for involvement by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or B-cell leukemia.
Planar Tees and Couplers for Multimode Devices

Multimode fiber-optic systems currently use couplers for data distribution to several user terminals. Couplers are made by modifying the optical fibers (fusing, tapering, lapping and gluing) or with micro-optic components (such as microlenses and beam splitters). These two approaches and the planar approach, which is the subject of this program, are shown in Figure 1. Good couplers have been demonstrated using micro-optic methods, although several key questions have been encountered when attempting to transfer the technology to a manufacturing process.
Theories, Models, and Integration in Financial Therapy

This chapter explores theories of therapy and how they can be used to conceptualize financial health, money disorders, and financial therapy. Understanding what a theory is, why it is important, and how it can be useful to financial therapy professionals is essential to the development of a credible field. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of theory in research and practice, introduce the concepts of theoretical integration and technical eclecticism as they relate to financial therapy, and provide a practical understanding of theory to inform readers how to better utilize it in their financial therapy-related work.
Satisfaction with Social Networking Sites: Effect of Playfulness and Change in Use

The tremendous growth experienced by social networking sites (SNSs) has introduced a multitude of social phenomena into the study of these online information systems (IS). Such explosive growth can create an evolution in a site’s original intended use, giving rise to issues that both enhance and plague the users as well as the developers of such sites. With stories in the news of employees fired or students punished or dismissed outright from their schools’ programs, this study introduces a new construct, change in intended use (CIU), to determine possible effects on satisfaction. Using the framework of the expectation-confirmation theory (ECT), this study also incorporates perceived playfulness into the model as a predictor of satisfaction to further the research in understanding satisfaction with a SNS. The survey results indicate that a change in intended use does have a significant negative effect on satisfaction with the SNS.
Data Mining Techniques and Applications: A Ten-Year Update

Data mining has been gaining attention with the complex business environments, as a rapid increase of data volume and the ubiquitous nature of data in this age of the internet and social media. Org...
Learning and Memory: Mind over Matter in C. elegans

The capacity to respond to adverse conditions is key for animal survival. Research in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrates that retrieval of aversive memories, stored within sensory neurons, is sufficient to induce a protective systemic stress response that improves fitness.
Dynamically Changing Cattle Market Linkages with Supply-Side-Controlled Transitions

Cattle are costly to transport, which could lead to segmented regional cattle markets. The cointegration of cattle prices over regions has been of research interest for decades. This article investigates price cointegration between regional cattle markets in the United States and proposes a simple procedure for incorporating a flexible transition function into an economic indicator–controlled smooth transition autoregressive (ECON-STAR) model to evaluate market dynamics. The empirical results show that these markets have been highly integrated when excess supply exists, but when cattle inventories decrease, the market pattern becomes very regionally segmented.
Perceived Usefulness of Multimodal Voice Assistant Technology

Smart speaker devices are appealing to consumers, but the perceived usefulness of the multimodal voice experience is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to wh...
High speed rotating vacuum seal

Abstract In a previous paper we described a high speed rotating vacuum seal. Further experience and development effort on this device has led to considerably improved performance.
Autonomous Excavation of Rocks Using a Gaussian Process Model and Unscented Kalman Filter

In large-scale open-pit mining and construction works, excavators must deal with large rocks mixed with gravel and granular soil. Capturing and moving large rocks with the bucket of an excavator requires a high level of skill that only experienced human operators possess. In an attempt to develop autonomous rock excavators, this letter presents a control method that predicts the rock movement in response to bucket operation and computes an optimal bucket movement to capture the rock. The process is highly nonlinear and stochastic. A Gaussian process model, which is nonlinear, nonparametric, and stochastic, is used for describing rock behaviors interacting with the bucket and surrounding soil. Experimental data is used directly for identifying the model. An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is then integrated with the Gaussian process model for predicting the rock movements and estimating the length of the rock. A feedback controller that optimizes a cost function is designed based on the rock motion prediction and implemented on a robotic excavator prototype. Experiments demonstrate encouraging results towards autonomous mining and rock excavation.
Automated Annotation of Cell Identities in Dense Cellular Images

Abstract Assigning cell identities in dense image stacks is critical for many applications, for comparing data across animals and experiment conditions, and investigating properties of specific cells. Conventional methods are laborious, require experience, and could introduce bias. We present a generalizable framework based on Conditional Random Fields models for automatic cell identification. This approach searches for optimal arrangements of labels that maximally preserves prior knowledge such as geometrical relationships. The algorithm shows better accuracy and more robust handling of perturbations, e.g. missing cells and position variability, with both synthetic and experimental ground-truth data. The framework is generalizable across strains, imaging conditions, and easily builds and utilizes active data-driven atlases, which further improves accuracy. We demonstrate the utility in gene-expression pattern analysis, multi-cellular calcium imaging, and whole-brain imaging experiments. Thus, our framework is highly valuable to a wide variety of annotation scenarios including in zebrafish, Drosophila, hydra, and mouse brains.
Analytic HG-mode propagation through circular apertures with Zernike phase offset

Mode expansion methods (MEMs) have been used in both the scientific and commercial world to accurately propagate monochromatic light fields. Compared to classical methods for light propagation from scalar diffraction theory, it is often less costly and much more easily implemented into optical chains. We provide an analytic expression for the overlap between incoming and outgoing Hermite Gauss (HG) TEM modes over an aperture with potential wavefront error represented by Zernike terms for the purpose of propagating light through apertures. We show agreement between our results and those of prior studies of the topic, as well as an application of this method to an ongoing interferometry mission.
Is neuromyelitis optica without AQP4-IgG a T-cell mediated disease? insights from checkpoint inhibitor immune-related adverse events.

Summary A 30-year-old female presented with recurrent opticospinal demyelinating attacks after introduction of nivolumab to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma. Paraneoplastic, neuronal surface, and demyelinating antibodies were negative from the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Oligoclonal bands were negative and she met clinical criteria for NMOSD without AQP4-IgG. She could not tolerate plasmapheresis due to transfusion-related acute lung injury but responded well to corticosteroids and discontinuation of nivolumab. The precipitation of typical NMOSD without AQP4-IgG syndrome by a checkpoint inhibitor suggests a possible T-cell mediated pathogenesis. This may help explain why this patient group lacked response to B-cell therapies in NMOSD clinical trials.
Where Is the Normative Proof? Assumptions and Contradictions in ML Fairness Research.

Across machine learning (ML) sub-disciplines researchers make mathematical assumptions to facilitate proof-writing. While such assumptions are necessary for providing mathematical guarantees for how algorithms behave, they also necessarily limit the applicability of these algorithms to different problem settings. This practice is known--in fact, obvious--and accepted in ML research. However, similar attention is not paid to the normative assumptions that ground this work. I argue such assumptions are equally as important, especially in areas of ML with clear social impact, such as fairness. This is because, similar to how mathematical assumptions constrain applicability, normative assumptions also limit algorithm applicability to certain problem domains. I show that, in existing papers published in top venues, once normative assumptions are clarified, it is often possible to get unclear or contradictory results. While the mathematical assumptions and results are sound, the implicit normative assumptions and accompanying normative results contraindicate using these methods in practical fairness applications.
FGGE forecast experiments for amazon basin rainfall

No presente trabalho e investigado o padrao de precipitacao, na Bacia Amazonica, da previsao de dez casos do Experimento do Tempo Global (GWE). A sensitividade deste modelo de previsao, para a presenca de uma fonte de calor anomala no Pacifico leste, e investigada atraves de experimentos, em que um termo nao adia batico e adicionado na equacao da termodinâmica. Estes experimentos sugerem significativa supressao de precipitacao sobre a Bacia Amazonica central, e especificamente sobre a parte nordeste do Brasil. Esta supressao esta associada com o ramo descendente da Circulacao de Walker cujo desenvolvimento e determinado por uma regiao de subsidencia, a qual propaga-se para a direcao este, vinda da regiao do Pacifico leste, uma razao de cerca de 30m/s. Esta evolucao, que e consistente com a contribuicao da onda de Kelvin para a celula de Walker, afeta o Brasil dentro de aproximadamente dois dias a partir da regiao da fonte.
Economic Assimilation of Chinese Immigrants in the United States: Is There Wage Convergence with Natives?

Asian Americans have a long and profound history in the United States, and are usually referred to as the “model minority”. While the income level of immigrants depends on various factors, existing literature suggests that immigrants who can adapt well and are relatively successful in their new jobs can make a significant contribution to economic growth (Borjas, 2009). This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol20/iss1/19 The Park Place Economist, Volume XX 103 ECONOMIC ASSIMILATION OF CHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: IS THERE WAGE CONVERGENCE WITH NATIVES?
Chemoautotrophy as the driver of decoupled organic and carbonate carbon isotope records at the onset of the Hangenberg (Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary) Oceanic Anoxic Event

Abstract New high-resolution organic (δ13Corg) and carbonate (δ13Ccarb) carbon isotope data from middle shelf deposits in southeastern Iowa demonstrate decoupled signals during the onset of the Hangenberg Event and across the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary. High-resolution sampling captures a transient negative excursion in δ13Corg during the initiation of rising δ13Ccarb values at the onset of the Hangenberg Event that ends prior to the onset of the final rise in δ13Ccarb to values greater than +6.0‰ in the Louisiana Limestone. This negative excursion in δ13Corg is coincident with a significant increase in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content in the underlying English River Formation, which likely corresponds to the well-known Hangenberg Black Shale of the classical European sections. The complex behavior of the carbon isotope record recovered here, combined with recently published geochemical data from classical European sections, demonstrate that a succession of geochemical events took place during the initiation of this global biogeochemical event that include a negative excursion in both δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg prior to the major positive carbon isotope excursion, and that the role of organic carbon burial in this Devonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) extends well beyond the depositional interval of the Hangenberg Black Shale.
Honoring Their Stories: Exploring the Richness of the Refugee Experience:

Background/ContextSince 1975, 3 million refugees have resettled in the United States. However, researchers and educators know little about the lives of refugee children and families entering the Am...
Mechanism of dasabuvir inhibition of acetaminophen glucuronidation.

OBJECTIVES Acetaminophen (APAP) (paracetamol) is a widely used non-prescription drug for pain relief and antipyretic effects. The clearance of APAP is mainly through phase-2 biotransformation catalysed by UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT). Dasabuvir is an anti-hepatitis C drug reported to inhibit several UGT isoforms. The study evaluated the in-vitro inhibitory capacity of dasabuvir versus APAP glucuronidation. METHODS Procedures included human liver microsomal incubations with APAP and isoform-selective probe substrates. KEY FINDINGS Dasabuvir inhibited APAP metabolism by a reversible, mixed-type (competitive and non-competitive) partial inhibition, with an inhibition constant Ki = 3.4 µM. The index constant 'a' was 6.7, indicating the relative contribution of competitive and non-competitive inhibition. The enzyme-inhibitor complex was still able to catalyse the reaction by 12% of the control capacity. Dasabuvir produced strong partial inhibition effect of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 and relatively complete inhibition of UGT1A6. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous reports, dasabuvir inhibits the activity of 3 UGT isoforms associated with APAP metabolism. In-vitro to in-vivo scaling by 2 different approaches showed identical results, predicting an increased AUC of APAP by a factor of 1.3-fold with coadministration of dasabuvir. Until the findings are confirmed in clinical drug interaction studies, APAP dosage should not exceed 3 g per day in dasabuvir-treated patients to avoid potentially hepatotoxic APAP exposures.
Spectroscopy of N 10 with the invariant-mass method

Proton decays of $^{10}\mathrm{N}$ states have been investigated with the invariant-mass technique using data from two reactions. In the first experiment, $^{10}\mathrm{N}$ states were created via multinucleon knockout from a fast $^{13}\mathrm{O}$ beam. The second experiment involved proton pickup from a $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ target to a fast $^{9}\mathrm{C}$ beam. Both data sets produce similar distributions with a peak centered at a decay energy of 2.8 MeV and a width of $\ensuremath{\approx}2.5$ MeV. This result is consistent with a previous study using a multinucleon transfer reaction which was originally fit with an $\ensuremath{\ell}=0$ resonance but later interpreted as an $\ensuremath{\ell}=1$ resonance. This later interpretation is affirmed as the proton pickup reaction should favor $\ensuremath{\ell}=1$. This strength is located near the predicted energies of two $\ensuremath{\ell}=1$ resonances in calculations using complex scaling and the Gamow shell model. The multinucleon knockout data also show excess strength below the main peak which is interpreted as contributions from one or more $\ensuremath{\ell}=0$ resonances.