cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure discovery in PPI networks using pattern-based network decomposition

Motivation: The large, complex networks of interactions between proteins provide a lens through which one can examine the structure and function of biological systems. Previous analyses of these continually growing networks have primarily followed either of two approaches: large-scale statistical analysis of holistic network properties, or small-scale analysis of local topological features. Meanwhile, investigation of meso-scale network structure (above that of individual functional modules, while maintaining the significance of individual proteins) has been hindered by the computational complexity of structural search in networks. Examining protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks at the meso-scale may provide insights into the presence and form of relationships between individual protein complexes and functional modules. Results: In this article, we present an efficient algorithm for performing sub-graph isomorphism queries on a network and show its computational advantage over previous methods. We also present a novel application of this form of topological search which permits analysis of a network's structure at a scale between that of individual functional modules and that of network-wide properties. This analysis provides support for the presence of hierarchical modularity in the PPI network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Contact: ying.liu@utdallas.edu
Machine-assisted election auditing

Election audit procedures usually rely on precinct-based recounts, in which workers manually review all paper ballots from selected polling places, but these recounts can be expensive due to the labor required. This paper proposes an alternative audit strategy that allows machines to perform most of the work. Precincts are recounted using recounting machines, and their output is manually audited using efficient ballot sampling techniques. This strategy can achieve equal or greater confidence than precinct-based auditing at a significantly lower cost while protecting voter privacy better than previous ballot-based auditing methods. We show how to determine which ballots to audit against the recounting machines' records and compare this new approach to precinct-based audits in the context of Virginia's November 2006 election. Far fewer ballots need to be audited by hand using our approach. We also explore extensions to these techniques, such as varying individual ballots' audit probabilities based on the votes they contain, that promise further efficiency gains.
Inhibition of Mist1 Homodimer Formation Induces Pancreatic Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia

The pancreas consists of three main cell lineages (endocrine, exocrine, and duct) that develop from common primitive foregut precursors. The transcriptional network responsible for endocrine cell development has been studied extensively, but much less is known about the transcription factors that maintain the exocrine and duct cell lineages. One transcription factor that may be important to exocrine cell function is Mist1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factor that is expressed in acinar cells. In order to perform a molecular characterization of this protein, we employed coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, coupled with electrophoretic mobility shift assay studies, to show that Mist1 exists in vivo as a homodimer complex. Analysis of transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative Mist1 transgene (Mist1mutant basic [Mist1MB]) revealed the cell autonomous effect of inhibiting endogenous Mist1. Mist1MB cells become disorganized, exhibit a severe depletion of intercellular gap junctions, and express high levels of the glycoprotein clusterin, which has been shown to demarcate immature acinar cells. Inhibition of Mist1 transcriptional activity also leads to activation of duct-specific genes, such as cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 20, suggesting that alterations in the bHLH network produce a direct acinar-to-ductal phenotypic switch in mature cells. We propose that Mist1 is a key transcriptional regulator of exocrine pancreatic cells and that in the absence of functional Mist1, acinar cells do not maintain their normal identity.
Epidemiology and Clinical Significance of Pneumocystis Colonization

Pneumocystis pneumonia has long been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations, particularly those with HIV infection. Pneumocystis colonization-that is, detection of the organism or its DNA, without signs or symptoms of pneumonia-has recently been described, and accumulating evidence suggests that it may be an important clinical phenomenon. Sensitive molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction are frequently used to identify Pneumocystis colonization. Low levels of Pneumocystis in the lungs may stimulate pulmonary inflammation and may play a role in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we discuss evidence for the occurrence of Pneumocystis colonization in animals as well as the epidemiology and risk factors for Pneumocystis colonization in various human populations. We also evaluate the clinical significance of Pneumocystis colonization and its relationship to lung disease.
Force augmentation and stimulated actin polymerization in swine carotid artery

The phenomenon of posttetanic potentiation, in which a single submaximal contraction or series of submaximal contractions strengthens a subsequent contraction, has been observed in both skeletal an...
Tuning in to Others’ Voices: Beyond the Hegemony of Mono-logical Narratives

I will learn from you, but can you learn from me? With so much being published, what criteria are used to ascertain what is relevant to a scholarly project? A dichotomy that is central to research in science education typifies an all too familiar standpoint—I am speaking, but are you listening to me? We have all endured the experience at professional meetings of a critic who fails to address the capital in a paper or paper set and instead rails against what has been done as she launches into an exposition of her preferences. (To avoid cumbersome constructions I use feminine pronouns whenever male or female pronouns might have been used.) The authors of the papers being critiqued experience violence because the merits of their work are not explicated and the critic reifies her own standpoint as she presents alternatives. I regard such practices as dangerous to the welfare of science education.
Webspace surfing patterns and their impact on Web prefetching

The paper presents an interesting study that how the user surfing behavior with respect to the organization of a Web space affects the performance of a prefetch enabled proxy. We have conducted experiments based on a novel hyperspace aware prefetch proxy and have studied the prefetch performance on tree and complete graph. The study assesses the system's responsiveness as well as the background loads for various user interaction duration, surfing and prefetch sequences. The results show that awareness about the Web space and surfing sequence can greatly help in improving prefetch performance. Schemes such as these also conversely may enable professional content developers to create prefetch friendly collection for increased site responsiveness.
Optical magnetism and negative refraction in plasmonic metamaterials

In this review we describe the challenges and opportunities for creating magnetically active metamaterials in the optical part of the spectrum. The emphasis is on the sub-wavelength periodic metamaterials whose unit cell is much smaller than the optical wavelength. The conceptual differences between microwave and optical metamaterials are demonstrated. We also describe several theoretical techniques used for calculating the effective parameters of plasmonic metamaterials: the effective dielectric permittivity eff(!) and magnetic permeability µeff(!). Several examples of negative permittivity and negative permeability plasmonic metamaterials are used to illustrate the theory.
0.25 $\mu\hbox{m}$ Self-Aligned AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors

Self-aligned AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown on semiinsulating SiC substrates with a 0.25 mum gate-length were fabricated using a single-step ohmic process. Our recently developed Mo/Al/Mo/Au-based ohmic contact requiring annealing temperatures between 500degC and 600degC was utilized. Ohmic contact resistances between 0.35-0.6 Omega ldr mm were achieved. These 0.25 mum gate-length devices exhibited drain current density as high as 1.05 A/mm at a gate bias of 0 V and a drain bias of 10 V. A knee voltage of less than 2 V and a peak extrinsic transconductance (gm ) of 321 mS/mm were measured. For their microwave characteristics, a unity gain cutoff frequency (fT ) of 82 GHz and maximum frequency of oscillation (f max) of 103 GHz were measured.
Failure mechanism investigation of stacked via cracking in organic chip carrier

The increasing demand for high density interconnects leads to the adoption of stacked via technology. By layering multiple vias directly on top of each other, via stacking allows for more compact and flexible routing. However, due to the geometric discontinuity and non-uniform stiffness, stacked vias also present significant reliability challenges. In the investigation of via stack cracking mechanism in packaging applications, 16 types of stacked and staggered via chain structures were designed and fabricated in an organic chip carrier test vehicle. The experiments were also designed to evaluate other effects such as stacked via location, laminate materials, etc. Comparison of fail counts versus via chain types after 1000 cycles of deep thermal cycling (DTC) revealed that some types of stacked via structures are significantly more robust than others. Strong location dependency of stacked via fail was also observed by comparing the identical stacked via structure in different locations: out of 75 modules, 31 fails were detected in the stacked via chain under the chip center, but none under the chip corner. This paper focuses on the development of a predictive model with finite element method. Modeling activities were carried out to investigate the effect of via structure, package geometry, laminate material and other form factors on via cracking. The thermal-mechanical modeling methodology will be described in this paper. The discussion of failure mechanism and the correlation of simulations with experimental results will be presented.
Marijuana Use and Unprotected Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescent Detainees: An Event Analysis

This study examines the association between marijuana use and unprotected sexual intercourse among adolescent detainees. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in a juvenile court setting as the detainees waited to be released to their parents' custody. Analyses that controlled for relevant covariates indicated that the association between marijuana use and unprotected sexual intercourse in a specific event was moderated by the respondents'age at the time of the event. Marijuana use was associated with a higher occurrence of unprotected sexual intercourse for detainees who were relatively young when the event occurred. These findings provide meaningful information that can be used to inform future research as well as interventions with adolescent detainees.
Forkhead transcription factors regulate mosquito reproduction

Forkhead-box (Fox) genes encode a family of transcription factors defined by a 'winged helix' DNA-binding domain. In this study we aimed to identify Fox factors that are expressed within the fat body of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and determine whether any of these are involved in the regulation of mosquito yolk protein gene expression. The Ae. aegypti genome contains 18 loci that encode putative Fox factors. Our stringent cladistic analysis has profound implications for the use of Fox genes as phylogenetic markers. Twelve Ae. aegypti Fox genes are expressed within various tissues of adult females, six of which are expressed within the fat body. All six Fox genes expressed in the fat body displayed dynamic expression profiles following a blood meal. We knocked down the 'fat body Foxes' through RNAi to determine whether these 'knockdowns' hindered amino acid-induced vitellogenin gene expression. We also determined the effect of these knockdowns on the number of eggs deposited following a blood meal. Knockdown of FoxN1, FoxN2, FoxL, and FoxO, had a negative effect on amino acid-induced vitellogenin gene expression and resulted in significantly fewer eggs laid. Our analysis stresses the importance of Fox transcription factors in regulating mosquito reproduction.
Applying the Concept of Positive Deviance to Public Health Data: A Tool for Reducing Health Disparities

The concept of positive deviance (PD), which highlights uncommon practices that reduce risk in low-resource communities, has been effective in community mobilization and programming to improve health outcomes. We present a protocol for extending the concept to analysis of existing public health data. The protocol includes assessing whether PD fits the situation, identifying positive deviants, and identifying behaviors associated with positive deviants' healthy outcomes. Analyzing existing datasets from a PD perspective may aid public health nurses in efforts to reduce health disparities. The effectiveness of our protocol will be clarified in future research.
Neoliberalism, Environmental Justice, and the Convention on Biological Diversity: How Problematizing the Commodification of Nature Affects Regime Effectiveness

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is becoming a dominant approach in generating political and societal support for conservation of globally important biodiversity. PES assumes that corporate actors and policymakers will be more likely to support environmental action if convinced of the economic rationale of doing so. However, by process-tracing two biodiversity projects funded by the Global Environment Facility in Jamaica and Mexico, I argue that linking biodiversity conservation to neoliberal economics reifies a short-term, exploitative view of the environment. Economic calculations about biodiversity will not persuade corporate actors and policymakers to abandon short-term exploitation. Moreover, commodifying nature under the neoliberal paradigm undermines other perspectives on the value of nature, notably those rooted in cultural, historic, subsistence and aesthetic paradigms. In turn, this restricts the ability of populations not integrated into major economic markets to participate in governance a...
Lifetime Extension of RF MEMS Direct Contact Switches in Hot Switching Operations by Ball Grid Array Dimple Design

Direct contact RF microelectromechanical systems switches have demonstrated excellent ultrawideband performance from dc to 100 GHz. However, they are prone to failures due to contact adhesion and arcing, particularly for pure-gold/pure-gold contacts. In this letter, we present a new contact design employing ball grid array (BGA) dimples that limit the effective contact area to a few tens of nanometers in diameter. We experimentally show the performance of the BGA dimple with pure-gold/pure-gold contacts and demonstrate RF power handling greater than 1 W during hot switching in excess of 100 million cycles
Weddell Sea exploration from ice station

On January 18, 1915, the Endurance and Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew were stranded in the ice of the Weddell Sea and began one of the most famous drifts in polar exploration. Shackleton turned a failure into a triumph by leading all of his team to safety [Shackleton, 1919]. The drift track of the Endurance and the ice floe occupied by her stranded crew after the ship was lost on November 21, 1915, at 68°38.5′S and 52°26.5′W, carried the group along the western rim of the Weddell Gyre, representing a rare human presence in this region of perennial sea-ice cover. Seventy-seven years later, in 1992, the first intentional scientific Southern Ocean ice drift station, Ice Station Weddell-1 (ISW-1), was established in the western Weddell Sea by a joint effort of the United States and Russia. ISW-1 followed the track of the Endurance closely (Figure 1) and gathered an impressive array of data in this largely unexplored corner of the Southern Ocean, the western edge of the Weddell Gyre.
Speciation of nitrogen‐containing compounds in diesel fuel by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography

Nitrogen-containing compounds in diesel fuel have been speciated by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (GC x GC-NCD). The speciation of nitrogen-containing compounds in diesel is difficult because of low concentration and complexity. The advantages of GC x GC are improved resolution and enhanced sensitivity. GC x GC-NCD can achieve the type and class separation of nitrogen-containing compounds with an appropriate separation column combination. Diesel contains both neutral (indoles and carbazoles) and basic (pyridines and quinolines) nitrogen-containing compounds. Relative concentrations of each class as well as each carbon number family can be quantified by integrating their peak volumes. This study demonstrates the capability of GC x GC-NCD for speciation of nitrogen-containing compound classes.
Akt promotes Endocardial-Mesenchyme Transition

Endothelial to mesenchyme transition (EndMT) can be observed during the formation of endocardial cushions from the endocardium, the endothelial lining of the atrioventricular canal (AVC), of the developing heart at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). Many regulators of the process have been identified; however, the mechanisms driving the initial commitment decision of endothelial cells to EndMT have been difficult to separate from processes required for mesenchymal proliferation and migration. We have several lines of evidence that suggest a central role for Akt signaling in committing endothelial cells to enter EndMT. Akt1 mRNA was restricted to the endocardium of endocardial cushions while they were forming. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is necessary for mesenchyme outgrowth, as sprouting was inhibited in AVC explant cultures treated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Furthermore, endothelial marker, VE-cadherin, was downregulated and mesenchyme markers, N-cadherin and Snail, were induced in response to expression of a constitutively active form of Akt1 (myrAkt1) in endothelial cells. Finally, we isolated the function of Akt1 signaling in the commitment to the transition using a transgenic model where myrAkt1 was pulsed only in endocardial cells and turned off after EndMT initiation. In this way, we determined that increased Akt signaling in the endocardium drives EndMT and discounted its other functions in cushion mesenchymal cells.
Effects of Nuclear Reactor Exposure on Some Properties of Vitreous Silica and Quartz

In a nuclear reactor, quartz alters gradually to an amorphous form. Some of the property changes observed are (a) decreases in density, refractive indices, rotatory power, and birefringence, (b) disappearance of the α-β transition, and (c) changes in the absorption spectrum. The properties of vitreous silica also alter in a nuclear reactor, the density and refractive index increasing somewhat. On heating the irradiated solids the properties alter in a complex manner.
A Longitudinal Study of Sexual Risk Behavior Among the Adolescent Children of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Drug-abusing Fathers

Purpose This is a longitudinal study of the precursors of sexual risk behavior among a cohort of adolescent children of HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug-abusing or drug-dependent fathers.
Economic Openness, Democracy, and Income Inequality: An Empirical Analysis

Scholars have studied effects of economic openness and democracy on national income inequality in two literatures. In democracy studies, scholars agree democracy reduces inequality but empirical evidence is ambiguous. In globalization studies, effects of economic openness on inequality are debated but have not been rigorously examined. This article is the first systematic statistical study of the effects of both economic openness and democracy on income inequality. These effects need to be studied together. The authors measure national income inequality from a comprehensive Gini coefficient data set. Economic openness is measured from trade flows, foreign direct investment inflows, and financial capital inflows. The period studied is 1960 to 1996, the unit of analysis is a country decade, and the sample includes 69 countries. The authors find that democracy and trade reduce income inequality, foreign direct investments increase income inequality, and financial capital does not affect income inequality. Policy implications are discussed.
UWB propagation measurement using spread spectrum channel sounding

We present a new approach for time domain measurements of ultra-wideband channels by using spread spectrum sounding. In this paper, this technique is investigated for non-line-of-sight omni-directional antennas over the frequency range of 3–11.5GHz with ∼15m propagation distance. A special emphasis of our work is to assess the accuracy of our channel response measurements. In one scheme, accuracy of our method is studied by comparing channel responses obtained using different wideband waveforms including pseudo-random (PN) and chirp signals. The independently measured channel responses show correlation coefficient better than 0.99, which proves the excellent accuracy of our method. In another route, time reversal (TR) experiments have been carried out; the results are compared with TR simulations and show excellent agreement.
Building reliable, high-performance networks with the Nuprl proof development system

Proof systems for expressive type theories provide a foundation for the verification and synthesis of programs. But despite their successful application to numerous programming problems there remains an issue with scalability. Are proof environments capable of reasoning about large software systems? Can the support they offer be useful in practice? In this article we answer this question by showing how the NUPRL proof development system and its rich type theory have contributed to the design of reliable, high-performance networks by synthesizing optimized code for application configurations of the ENSEMBLE group communication toolkit. We present a type-theoretical semantics of OCAML, the implementation language of ENSEMBLE, and tools for automatically importing system code into the NUPRL system. We describe reasoning strategies for generating verifiably correct fast-path optimizations of application configurations that substantially reduce end-to-end latency in ENSEMBLE. We also discuss briefly how to use NUPRL for checking configurations against specifications and for the design of reliable adaptive network protocols.
Clovis-Folsom Geochronology and Climatic Change

Clovis, the earliest clearly defined cultural complex in America, is characterized by robust fluted projectile points, biface reduction, and flake tools derived therefrom including knives, gravers, and end scrapers, in some cases spurred, and large blades commonly triangular in transverse section (Haynes 1982). Bone artifacts include cylindrical, beveledbase compound points, a mammoth bone shaft wrench, and rib segments with rounded and polished ends (Haynes 1982; Haynes and Hemmings 1968; Warnica 1966). On the basis of the Anzick site, caches of exceptionally large and well-made Clovis points along with large bifaces, cylindrical bone rod segments and points, and red ochre appear to be ceremonial grave offerings (Lahren and Bonnichsen 1974; Mehringer 1989; Stanford and Jodry 1988).
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF LEPOSOMA HEXALEPIS (REPTILIA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) IN VENEZUELA

We provide a redescription of Leposoma hexalepis based on 32 specimens, including males for the first time, and detailed data on the external morphology of the species, meristic characters, pattern of coloration in life and after preservation, and its geographic distribution. Resumen Se redescribe a Leposoma hexalepis basados en una serie de 32 ejemplares, donde se incluye por primera vez a los machos de esta especie. Se ofrecen datos detallados sobre su morfologia externa, caracteres meristicos, patrones de coloracion en vida y en preservativo y su distribucion geografica.
HighPerformance Arithmetic Units

This chapter contains sections titled: Some Optimal Schemes for ALU Implementation in VLSI Technology A 4.5 NS 96B CMOS Adder Design Improved CLA Scheme with Optimized Delay High-Speed Binary Adder A Sub-Nanosecond O.5 ?>m 64b Adder Design A Parallel Algorithm for the Efficient Solution of a General Class of Recurrence Equations An Algorithmic and Novel Design of a Leading Zero Detector Circuit: Comparison with Logic Synthesis SPIM: A Pipelined 64 ?????? 64-bit Iterative Multiplier A 54 ?????? 54-b Regularly Structured Tree Multiplier A 4.4 ns CMOS 54 ?????? 54-b Multiplier Using Pass-Transistor Multiplexer A Method for Speed Optimized Partial Product Reduction and Generation of Fast Parallel Multipliers Using an Algorithmic Approach A 4.1-ns Compact 54 ?????? 54-b Multiplier Utilizing Sign-Select Booth Encoders Division and Square Root: Choosing the Right Implementation 167 MHz Radix-8 Divide and Square Root Using Overlapped Radix-2 Stages Radix-4 Square Root Without Initial PLA 167 MHz Radix-4 Floating Point Multiplier
Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures in Reducing Future Primary Particulate Matter Emissions from On-Road Vehicle Exhaust

This work evaluates the effectiveness of on-road primary particulate matter emission reductions that can be achieved by long-term vehicle scrappage and retrofit measures on regional and global levels. Scenario analysis shows that scrappage can provide significant emission reductions as soon as the measures begin, whereas retrofit provides greater emission reductions in later years, when more advanced technologies become available in most regions. Reductions are compared with a baseline that already accounts for implementation of clean vehicle standards. The greatest global emission reductions from a scrappage program occur 5 to 10 years after its introduction and can reach as much as 70%. The greatest reductions with retrofit occur around 2030 and range from 16-31%. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate how uncertainties in the composition of the vehicle fleet affect predicted reductions. Scrappage and retrofit reduce global emissions by 22-60% and 15-31%, respectively, within 95% confidence intervals, under a midrange scenario in the year 2030. The simulations provide guidance about which strategies are most effective for specific regions. Retrofit is preferable for high-income regions. For regions where early emission standards are in place, scrappage is suggested, followed by retrofit after more advanced emission standards are introduced. The early implementation of advanced emission standards is recommended for Western and Eastern Africa.
Repatriation Tax: Are We Churchill or Chamberlain?

Under current law, earnings of a foreign subsidiary are not subject to tax until they are repatriated. At repatriation, the U.S. parent pays 35 percent corporate tax, less foreign tax credits. A tax on repatriation has no effect on repatriations, by mathematical law, if the tax remains. If the United States reduces or forgives the tax in the foreseeable future, U.S. corporations will delay repatriation to take advantage of the reduction. This project proposes an increase in tax on repatriation after a short window during which the 35 percent tax, less foreign tax credits, will remain. The increase will induce corporations to repatriate their foreign earnings within the window to take advantage of the relatively generous 35 percent rate.
Design and realization of LabVIEW calibrator system for electronic current transformer

The new calibrator system was developed for electronic current transformer based on LabVIEW.It can monitor the on-line operation current transformer without power cut.And it can adopt software way for reckoning proportion error and angle error.The system can be used to calibrate simulative and digital signal.
Effects of Acid-Leaching and Extraction on Separation Characteristics of Valuable Elements from High-Iron Bauxite

The low-temperature acid leaching and extraction performance of "two-step leaching" process for high-iron bauxite were investigated.The effects of temperature,acid concentration of leaching process and acid concentration of extraction process on the separation characteristics of elements were analyzed as well.The results showed that Fe and Al in bauxite were separated by the low temperature acid leaching method,with the leaching temperature 100℃,leaching time60 min,liquid-solid ratio 20:1,rotary speed 500 r/min,particle sizes about- 55 μm and the acid mass fraction 20%.The leaching efficiency of Fe and Sc were above 95%and 50%,respectively,while the separation factors between Fe and Al were about 80.Through various stepwise circular and extraction treatment,the extraction rate of Sc in the leached liquid was above 99%.
Role of CD11a and CD11b in ischemic acute renal failure in rats

Leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, have been implicated in ischemic-reperfusion organ injury (IRI). However, their role in kidney IRI is controversial. Leukocytes express the adhesion molecules ...
Chapter 11 – Family Factors in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the role of family factors in the development and maintenance of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Patients with these disorders have biological vulnerabilities that render them more liable to develop pathology or to experience relapse in the face of stressful experiences. The severe and debilitating nature of schizophrenia creates an important role for families in the management of the illness. Not only are families usually the first to recognize and report symptoms of the disorder, but they are also often required to manage the treatment of patients after the patients are released from the hospital. Criticism is the expression of dislike or resentment about some aspect of the patient's behavior, either in the form of content or negative voice tone of the relative's speech. Criticism typically targets specific behaviors, while hostility is a more extreme expression of negative feelings about the patient as a person. The combined family and individual approach emphasizes the understanding of mutually reciprocal relationships between life stress, environmental context, and the onset of mood disorder symptoms. It also involves the family in helping patients maintain regular routines.
Empirically Supported Assessment of Children and Adolescents

Typical assessment training and practice have not kept pace with advances in evidence-based practices due to shortcomings of clinical judgment, misperceptions about burden, and literature gaps about matching assessment and treatment. We offer an evidence-based approach to assessment, focusing on principles to select high-utility methods for key clinical functions of prediction (i.e., identifying risk factors, quantifying symptoms), prescription (i.e., matching treatment with diagnosis and patient values), or process (i.e., monitoring progress, defining goals). Each function emphasizes different psychometrics. Assessing youths adds issues of development, multiple informants, and confidentiality. Knowing base rates for common problems and matching these with curated tools creates an efficient assessment process that will yield more accurate diagnoses, better patient engagement, and improved outcomes.
The burden of angioedema on United States emergency departments: 2006-2010.

Objectives/Hypothesis Angioedema (AE) is a condition that may prompt a visit to an emergency department (ED), and can quickly progress to airway obstruction. To optimize treatment of AE, it is necessary to understand epidemiology and practice patterns. This study measured the magnitude of AE ED visits and characterized demographics, management, frequency of airway interventions, and mortality. Study Design Analysis of two national data sets. Methods From the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we identified all patients presenting from 2006 to 2010 with a primary diagnosis of AE, characterized by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification code 995.1. The discharges were weighted and stratified by comorbidities, age, treatments, and region. χ2, t test, and linear regression were employed for comparisons. Results Total discharges increased from 87,481 (29.3 of 100,000 people) to 111,116 (35.8 of 100,000 people). More females were afflicted (57%), and 41.1% were African American. The majority (83%) of patients were discharged from the ED. Twelve percent of cases were attributed to antihypertensive adverse reaction, and these patients were older (P < .0001, odds ratio [OR] = 1.02), and had more comorbidities (P < .0001, OR = 5.66), hospital admissions (P < .0001, OR = 4.83), and intubations (P < .03, OR = 2.07). Overall, patients required intubation infrequently (<1%) and mortality was low (0.08%). Conclusions The AE burden on EDs has increased over time. Patients with adverse reactions to antihypertensives are older, have more comorbidities, and require admission and intubation more frequently. Further investigation is needed to better delineate causation and outcome predictors, and to understand regional practice variance. Level of Evidence 2c. Laryngoscope, 127:828–834, 2017
Ensuring content integrity for untrusted peer-to-peer content distribution networks

Many existing peer-to-peer content distribution networks (CDNs) such as Na Kika, CoralCDN, and CoDeeN are deployed on PlanetLab, a relatively trusted environment. But scaling them beyond this trusted boundary requires protecting against content corruption by untrusted replicas. This paper presents Repeat and Compare, a system for ensuring content integrity in untrusted peer-to-peer CDNs even when replicas dynamically generate content. Repeat and Compare detects misbehaving replicas through attestation records and sampled repeated execution. Attestation records, which are included in responses, cryptographically bind replicas to their code, inputs, and dynamically generated output. Clients then forward a fraction of these records to randomly selected replicas acting as verifiers. Verifiers, in turn, reliably identify misbehaving replicas by locally repeating response generation and comparing their results with the attestation records. We have implemented our system on top of Na Kika. We quantify its detection guarantees through probabilistic analysis and show through simulations that a small sample of forwarded records is sufficient to effectively and promptly cleanse a CDN, even if large fractions of replicas or verifiers are misbehaving.
Comprehensive Gas-Phase Peptide Ion Structure Studies Using Ion Mobility Techniques: Part 2. Gas-Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Ion Population Estimation

Gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) using D2O reagent and collision cross-section (CCS) measurements are utilized to monitor the ion conformers of the model peptide acetyl-PAAAAKAAAAKAAAAKAAAAK. The measurements are carried out on a home-built ion mobility instrument coupled to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer containing electron transfer dissociation (ETD) capabilities. ETD is utilized to obtain per-residue deuterium uptake data for select ion conformers, and a new algorithm is presented for interpreting the HDX data. Using molecular dynamics (MD) production data and a hydrogen accessibility scoring (HAS)-number of effective collisions (NEC) model, hypothetical HDX behavior is attributed to various in-silico candidate (CCS match) structures. The HAS-NEC model is applied to all candidate structures, and non-negative linear regression is employed to determine structure contributions resulting in the best match to deuterium uptake. The accuracy of the HAS-NEC model is tested with the comparison of predicted and experimental isotopic envelopes for several of the observed c-ions. It is proposed that gas-phase HDX can be utilized effectively as a second criterion (after CCS matching) for filtering suitable MD candidate structures. In this study, the second step of structure elucidation, 13 nominal structures were selected (from a pool of 300 candidate structures) and each with a population contribution proposed for these ions.
Climate change: potential impacts on frost–thaw conditions and seasonal load restriction timing for low-volume roadways

Low-volume roads constitute a major percentage of roadways around the world. Many of these are located in seasonal frost areas where agencies increase and decrease the allowable weight limits based...
$$C^\infty $$ Scaling Asymptotics for the Spectral Projector of the Laplacian

This article concerns new off-diagonal estimates on the remainder and its derivatives in the pointwise Weyl law on a compact n-dimensional Riemannian manifold. As an application, we prove that near any non-self-focal point, the scaling limit of the spectral projector of the Laplacian onto frequency windows of constant size is a normalized Bessel function depending only on n.
Detection of underwater objects in hyperspectral imagery

One of the biggest challenges in detecting underwater objects in hyperspectral imagery is that, unlike the land-based case, the observed spectrum of an underwater target is highly dependent on the properties of the surrounding water, as well as the depth of the target. In this paper we present a very general framework for underwater detection. The framework uses physics-based models to create a target space — the set of all observed spectra that a given target could generate for a given image. We then exploit the geometrical structure that is present in the target space to perform a nonlinear dimensionality reduction that greatly simplifies the detection problem. We also illustrate the framework with examples that use simulated targets at various depths.
On Stimulus Generalization and Stimulus Classes

Stimulus generalization has been defined as the spread of effect of reinforcement for responses emitted in the presence of one stimulus to different stimuli presented under extinction conditions. As a result of stimulus generalization, novel stimuli come to exert stimulus control over members of the response class. Studies in the applied behavior analysis literature, however, have reported experimental preparations that included prompting and reinforcement procedures during what were claimed to be stimulus generalization conditions. These studies violated the procedural requirement that stimulus generalization be tested under extinction conditions. Responses that come under the control of a class of stimuli may do so by direct training or by stimulus generalization. It is desirable for organisms to respond in the presence of members of an appropriately constructed stimulus class, but we should understand the mechanism of entry into the class by its members. If inaccurate claims of stimulus generalization are made when training procedures are used in the ostensible generalization conditions, the robustness of the original training procedures will be over estimated. By adhering to the operational requirements of behavioral definitions, we could better understand the power and limits of our educational and training procedures.
Surgical management of spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatologic condition that affects the axial skeleton. Structural changes render the spine susceptible to fractures, which can be treated operatively or non-operatively. The preferred surgical approach is not well established. The objective of this study is to evaluate trends in the surgical treatment of AS patients with cervical and thoracolumbar spine fractures. Methods: Using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) database, we identified 961 (4,683 weighted) AS patients from 2003 to 2014 who had fusion surgery for vertebral fractures. Our primary outcome was the national trend in use of posterior (PSF), anterior posterior (APSF), and anterior fusion (ASF) surgeries. In addition, we examined patient demographics, complications, institutional characteristics, and hospitalization lengths and costs. Results: The number of fusions performed in AS patients with fractures increased significantly (P Conclusions: Surgical treatment has been growing in popularity for thoracolumbar fractures but staying consistent for cervical fractures in AS patients. Surgical approach has shifted for cervical fractures with APSF transitioning from most to least popular approach from 2003 to 2014. For thoracolumbar fractures, PSF has remained the preferred approach. APSF had significantly higher pulmonary complication rates with cervical fractures. This finding can help surgeons in treating fractures in AS patients with underlying pulmonary disease.
Hidden underemployment among Irish farm holders 2002–2011

This article examines the scale of hidden underemployment on Irish farms from 2002 to 2011. We provide a measure of hidden underemployment that is not captured by the national-level statistics. Hidden underemployment can be attributed to a number of factors relating to inadequate employment situations as described at the 16th International Conference of Labour Statisticians such as low productivity, the poor utilization of skills and other factors specific to agriculture. We place particular attention upon the potential role of off-farm labour supply in solving the underemployment problem. We utilize a two-stage residual inclusion model and a random effects probit model to examine the forces behind farm underemployment. We utilize a fixed effects model to examine the factors driving the severity of farm underemployment. Our findings suggest that instances of hidden underemployment increased between 2002 and 2011. Hidden underemployment appears to be a stubborn problem and is related to the absence of off-...
Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients by General Nephrologists: Core Curriculum 2019

Kidney transplantation is associated with improvement in quality of life and mortality as compared to remaining on dialysis. It is therefore the optimal treatment for kidney failure for most patients. While transplantation nephrologists typically care for the patient in the first 6 months posttransplantation, general nephrologists and internists often care for kidney transplant recipients after this period. Medical management of the kidney transplant recipient can be challenging, and primary care physicians and nephrologists may be unfamiliar with the medical nuances of caring for these patients. This includes drug interactions, which are common and can result in drug toxicities, rejection, and graft injury. Infections and malignancies related to long-term immunosuppression may pose diagnostic and treatment challenges. In this article, we review the mechanisms of immunosuppression, types of rejection, complications of recurrent disease, common infectious diseases, and the nonrenal complications commonly encountered in the kidney transplant recipient.
Letting the PC be the instructor

Formation d'utilisateurs au sein d'une bibliotheque: emploi du microordinateur comme moyen de formation, en laissant l'utilisateur apprendre tout seul avec un cours sur son micro ou en considerant le micro comme support d'enseignement lors d'un cours oral
Ángel Flores, agente doble del cosmopolitismo transatlántico

This paper studies the first phase of the trajectory of the Puerto Rican translator and literary critic Angel Flores, from the start up to the Second World War. In those years, Flores conducts an intensive publicity campaign in the United States of the new values of European literature, and particularly Spanish, through translations, anthologies, periodicals and personal contacts with Spanish writers. At the same time, Flores becomes an important part in the expansion of American literature in Spain thanks mainly to his translation of The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot. His main contributions are identified and studied to show how a change in his aesthetic preferences towards a literature of engagement explains his later interest in Latin American authors.
The Use of an Animal Model to Gain Insights into Bladder Cancer Therapy

I have used a murine model of bladder cancer, which closely simulates the disease as observed in man, in an effort to answer some of the clinical dilemmas which urologists and oncologists face in the management of patients with bladder cancer. It seems appropriate to separate these clinical problems into those that deal with superficial bladder cancer and those that deal with advanced local or metastatic disease. The most distressing problem facing the patient with superficial bladder cancer is the high likelihood of a subsequent tumor. Although only approximately 10% of patients will ultimately develop a tumor which invades into the muscle or beyond, at least 50% will have a subsequent neoplasm after the first superficial tumor. Thus a major part of our laboratory effort is toward determining the reason for this high incidence of subsequent tumor and evaluating a variety of intravesical therapeutic agents hopefully to reduce or eliminate these new occurrences or true recurrences.
Coal-Mine Canaries in Clinical Psychology: Getting Better at Identifying Early Signals of Treatment Nonresponse:

Sequential, multiple-assignment, randomized trials (SMARTs) have emerged as a preferred design strategy with which to inform dynamic mental-health treatment decisions and adaptive interventions, ye...
Chronic kidney disease exacerbates ischemic limb myopathy in mice via altered mitochondrial energetics

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially increases the severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) symptomology, however, the biological mechanisms remain unclear. The objective herein was to determine the impact of CKD on PAD pathology in mice. C57BL6/J mice were subjected to a diet-induced model of CKD by delivery of adenine for six weeks. CKD was confirmed by measurements of glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney histopathology. Mice with CKD displayed lower muscle force production and greater ischemic lesions in the tibialis anterior muscle (78.1 ± 14.5% vs. 2.5 ± 0.5% in control mice, P < 0.0001, N = 5–10/group) and decreased myofiber size (1661 ± 134 μm2 vs. 2221 ± 100 μm2 in control mice, P < 0.01, N = 5–10/group). This skeletal myopathy occurred despite normal capillary density (516 ± 59 vs. 466 ± 45 capillaries/20x field of view) and limb perfusion. CKD mice displayed a ~50–65% reduction in muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in ischemic muscle, whereas control mice had normal mitochondrial function. Hydrogen peroxide emission was modestly higher in the ischemic muscle of CKD mice, which coincided with decreased oxidant buffering. Exposure of cultured myotubes to CKD serum resulted in myotube atrophy and elevated oxidative stress, which were attenuated by mitochondrial-targeted therapies. Taken together, these findings suggest that mitochondrial impairments caused by CKD contribute to the exacerbation of ischemic pathology.
Summary and Curricular Implications: An Outgrowth of Articles by Thom and Dieudonne.

WITH the advent of the "modern" mathematics in our schools, many articles have been written discussing the new cur ricula. Recently two world-famous mathe maticians wrote articles that appeared in American Scientist (Thorn 1971; Dieu donn? 1973). The authors, Ren? Thorn and Jean Dieudonn?, are leading research mathematicians. The educational com munity would be remiss if it ignored their suggestions and criticisms. The authors of tkis article will attempt to summarize the comments made by Thorn, the reactions of Dieudonn?, and to discuss the implications for secondary school teachers and cur riculum leaders.