cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Algorithms for Constructing Modal-Coherent Dynamic Equivalents

Recent research has shown that the most desirable features of conventional modal and coherent dynamic equivalents can be combined ina single equivalent when an rms coherency measure and a robust, random system disturbance are used to determine structurally coherent groups for coherency-based aggregation. In particular, a modal-coherent equivalent can be derived which preserves not only the coherent groups of the original system model, but also the modes of group to group oscillations. A modal-coherent equivalent represents a valuable tool for transient stability analysis since it is constructed only once for a given utility and can then be used in the transient stability study of any disturbance that might occur in that utility. Previous works have presented theoretical developments which explain the structural coherency mechanism on which the modal-coherent approach to dynamic equivalents is based, and have neglected the computational aspects of constructing modal-coherent equivalents. This paper extends the value of the modal-coherent approach by developing efficient computational algorithms for evaluating the rms coherency measure for the required random disturbance and for determining the structurally coherent groups using the computed values of the measure. These algorithms will allow modal-coherent equivalents to be constructed for large power systems at a reasonable cost.
An Analysis of Private and Public Sector Location Models

Recent models of location are drawn together and compared as to structure, criteria, and constraints. Private sector models are distinguished as those in which the total cost of transport and facilities is isolated as the objective to be minimized. The solution techniques of six such models are discussed. Public sector models are characterized by a criterion function involving a surrogate for social utility and by a constraint on investment in facilities or on the number of facilities. Five models with this format are discussed and compared. The two types of problem, location in the private sector and location in the public sector, are seen to have the same conceptual foundation, but formats which differ of necessity due to our inability to relate social utility to dollar value.
Troponin I, the Story

Featured Article: Bodor GS, Porter S, Landt Y, Ladenson JH. Development of monoclonal antibodies for an assay of cardiac troponin I and preliminary results in suspected cases of myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 1992;38:2203–14.1 In the early 1980s, David N. Dietzer and I started building a team to develop monoclonal antibodies to the isoenzymes then used for detecting cardiac damage: creatine kinase (CK)2 and lactate dehydrogenase. In the clinical laboratory, these tests, which had become widely used, entailed the use of electrophoretic procedures that took a few hours to perform. Although initially this approach was adequate, the advent of new therapies to open clotted arteries (streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1982 and 1987, respectively) placed a premium on prompt treatment. This conflict between the clinical need to treat within 4–6 h after a myocardial infarction (MI) and a laboratory procedure requiring 2 to 3 h led to “interesting” relationships between clinicians and clinical chemists. We were performing up to 7 routine electrophoresis runs of CK-MB isoenzymes a …
Human nature and truth as world order issues

“Knowledge of human nature is the beginning and the end of political education,” wrote Henry Adams. But human beings have never been able to agree on what constitutes “knowledge” of human nature and what excessively negative or naively wishful thinking about it. Because we differ in our conceptions of who we are, difficulties exist in agreeing upon what is a fit society and the methods appropriate and necessary for bringing it into being. Conflicting conceptions of human nature play a role in shaping and energizing all levels of political competition and conflict, from the interpersonal through the global.
Stra13 regulates satellite cell activation by antagonizing Notch signaling.

Satellite cells play a critical role in skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury. Notch signaling is vital for satellite cell activation and myogenic precursor cell expansion but inhibits myogenic differentiation. Thus, precise spatial and temporal regulation of Notch activity is necessary for efficient muscle regeneration. We report that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Stra13 modulates Notch signaling in regenerating muscle. Upon injury, Stra13−/− mice exhibit increased cellular proliferation, elevated Notch signaling, a striking regeneration defect characterized by degenerated myotubes, increased mononuclear cells, and fibrosis. Stra13−/− primary myoblasts also exhibit enhanced Notch activity, increased proliferation, and defective differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling ex vivo and in vivo ameliorates the phenotype of Stra13−/− mutants. We demonstrate in vitro that Stra13 antagonizes Notch activity and reverses the Notch-imposed inhibition of myogenesis. Thus, Stra13 plays an important role in postnatal myogenesis by attenuating Notch signaling to reduce myoblast proliferation and promote myogenic differentiation.
Using Adaptive Methods to Select Variables in Case-Control Studies

A variables selection method for case-control studies is proposed that uses an adaptive weighting scheme along with a permutation method to determine if a variable is useful in differentiating the cases from the controls. This adaptive method is used to select exposure variables for the analysis of data from a bladder cancer case-control study. An extensive simulation study shows that the adaptive method is nearly as effective at finding those variables that are related to case-control status when normally distributed variables are used. The simulation also shows that the proposed variable selection procedure is much more effective than the stepwise discriminant analysis method when the variables are not normally distributed. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward foundations for type-reflective metaprogramming

C++ template metaprogramming has been used with great success to build software applications and libraries. In practice, however, template metaprogramming suffers usability, reliability, and capability shortcomings, and it is not well understood in theory. Template metaprogramming has these problems because it relies on emergent properties of disparate language features that were tailored to other purposes. As a step toward solid and sound language support for metaprogramming, this paper establishes firm semantic foundations for select capabilities of template metaprogramming.We analyze C++ and the idioms of template metaprogramming and isolate, in a language-neutral fashion, fundamental capabilities of C++ that enable metaprogramming. Guided by this analysis, we present a design for a core calculus that directly expresses fundamental metaprogramming capabilities, including static computation, code generation, and type reflection. We prove a typesafety property for compile-time evaluation of metaprograms. To formally connect the core calculus to programming practice, we present a more convenient surface language for metaprogramming. Its semantics are captured by type-directed translation to the core calculus. We prove that this translation preserves well-typing.This idealized presentation averts some of the shortcomings of C++ template metaprogramming and provides a framework for further study.
A 9-year increasing trend in mesozooplankton biomass at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA

significantly from 1994 to 2002. The changes occurred at a rate of 60 mg DW m � 2 yr � 1 for night-time collections and 45 mg DW m � 2 yr � 1 for daytime collections. Principal components analysis indicates that the 9-year trend was driven by an increase in small (0.5e2.0 mm) zooplankton that do not migrate on a diel cycle. This plankton class is known to increase during the summer at Station ALOHA when the water column is most stratified, and a strong summertime response is also apparent within the long-term trend from 1998 through 2002. Both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton biomass at Station ALOHA can be linked to an enhanced role of nitrogen fixation in ecosystem productivity.
A case-control study of intentional occlusion of accessory renal arteries during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients treated by intentional coverage of accessory renal artery (ARA) during endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods The clinical data of 119 patients (110 male and nine female; mean age, 75 years) from a cohort of 811 patients treated by EVAR from 1998 to 2009 was reviewed. Patients who had intentional coverage of at least one ARA (group A) were compared with two control groups, which included patients with no ARA (group B) and those who had ARA preserved during EVAR (group C). All three groups of patients were matched for age, gender, hypertension, and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Paired pre- and postoperative computed tomography angiography was analyzed for the presence and volume of kidney infarction. End points were changes in eGFR, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, blood pressure measurements, presence and volume of kidney infarction, freedom from reintervention, and endoleak. Results There were 42 patients in group A, 42 in group B, and 35 in group C. Demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and CKD classification were similar in all three groups. Among patients in group A, 44 ARAs were intentionally covered with ARAs originating from the proximal neck in 22 patients, the aneurysm sac in 20, and the iliac arteries in two. There was one (1%) early death in the entire study. Early morbidity was similar in all three groups, including four patients (9%) in group A, four (9%) in group B, and four (11%) in group C ( P = .9). Six (5%) patients had >25% decrease in eGFR, including two who had ARA coverage. None of the patients required dialysis. After a mean follow-up of 37 months, there were no differences in late renal function deterioration, changes in eGFR, CKD stage, or blood pressure measurements among the three groups. Three of the 18 patients (17%) with ARA >3 mm arising from the aneurysm sac developed a type II endoleak requiring coil embolization. Kidney infarction was noted in 28 patients (67%) in group A. Freedom from reintervention at 2 years was similar in groups A (64%), B (80%), and C (96%; P = .09). Conclusions Intentional ARA occlusion during EVAR was not associated with changes in renal function or blood pressure measurements, even when performed in patients with more advanced renal dysfunction. Type II endoleak may result from persistent outflow into large (>3 mm) ARAs that arise from the aneurysm sac.
Effects of H-2 and vitamin A on micrognathia in congenic mice.

Pregnant mice congenic with C57BL/10 (B10.A, B10.BR, B10.D2, B10.A(2R), B10.A(5R), B10.A(15R), B10.A(1R), B10.A(18R), and B10.OL) were fed Purina Mouse Chow or the same diet plus 200 IU of vitamin A daily. The pregnant dams were sacrificed on the eighteenth day of gestation, and the fetuses were sexed and examined for defects in mandibular development. On average, micrognathia occurred five times more frequently in female (1.5%) than male (0.3%) fetuses. The addition of vitamin A to the diet affected only females, reducing the frequency of this defect to that observed in males from dams fed the control diet. Micrognathia was strongly associated with micro- or anophthalmia, but not with defects of the palate. C57BL/10 fetuses had the highest frequency of micrognathia (3.2%) and B10.D2 and B10.A(5R) fetuses had the lowest (0.1%). The results suggest that a locus distal to C4 and perhaps proximal to Qa-1 may exert a moderate influence on mandibular development and a second locus proximal to E beta may have a weak effect.
Why Women Work Closer to Home

This paper analyzes the extent to which differences in labor force status, in household composition, and in household roles account for sex differences in workplace-residence separation. Modelling work trip length as the outcome of the choice of household residential and individual job locations, equilibrium work trip length is estimated empirically as a function of labor market, housing, and household characteristics for male and female employees in seven different household categories. Data from the 1976 Panel Survey of Income Dynamics are used. The study concludes that while sex differences in job tenure, work hours, and wages are in themselves sufficient to fully account for observed sex differences in workplace-residence separation, sex differences in household 'roles' (i.e., responses to spouses' characteristics) are of even greater importance in influencing women to work 'closer to home'.
Recognizing movement disorders: Reviving old practices

Movement disorders have many different presentations and are defined as a group of syndromes that affect the ability for one to control movement in a given muscle or muscle group. Many of the medications we use to treat psychiatric illness (antipsychotics, lithium, and valproic acid) have the potential to cause movement disorders, often referred to as extrapyramidal side effects, though predictability is lacking. Antipsychotic-induced dopamine blockade can lead to acute dystonia, akathisia, and Parkinsonism, all of which are generally reversible if treatment is discontinued. A neuroleptic-induced movement disorder that may be irreversible is tardive dyskinesia. Both lithium and valproic acid may cause tremor, the presentation of which will be explored in this issue of the Mental Health Clinician. Less often, our antidepressants may induce movement disorders similar to those caused by antipsychotics. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Association placed a black box warning on the medication metoclopramide, a gastrointestinal motility agent that has some dopamine blockade effects, warning of its risk of causing tardive dyskinesia. This prompted a slew of lawsuits against manufacturers of this medication and the doctors who prescribed it without informing their patients or monitoring for this known side effect.
Maternal characteristics associated with the dietary intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines in women of child-bearing age: a cross-sectional study

Multiple N-nitroso compounds have been observed in animal studies to be both mutagenic and teratogenic. Human exposure to N-nitroso compounds and their precursors, nitrates and nitrites, can occur through exogenous sources, such as diet, drinking water, occupation, or environmental exposures, and through endogenous exposures resulting from the formation of N-nitroso compounds in the body. Very little information is available on intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines and factors related to increased consumption of these compounds. Using survey and dietary intake information from control women (with deliveries of live births without major congenital malformations during 1997-2004) who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), we examined the relation between various maternal characteristics and intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines from dietary sources. Estimated intake of these compounds was obtained from the Willet Food Frequency Questionnaire as adapted for the NBDPS. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the consumption of these compounds by self-reported race/ethnicity and other maternal characteristics. Median intake per day for nitrates, nitrites, total nitrites (nitrites + 5% nitrates), and nitrosamines was estimated at 40.48 mg, 1.53 mg, 3.69 mg, and 0.472 μg respectively. With the lowest quartile of intake as the referent category and controlling for daily caloric intake, factors predicting intake of these compounds included maternal race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, household income, area of residence, folate intake, and percent of daily calories from dietary fat. Non-Hispanic White participants were less likely to consume nitrates, nitrites, and total nitrites per day, but more likely to consume dietary nitrosamines than other participants that participated in the NBDPS. Primary food sources of these compounds also varied by maternal race/ethnicity. Results of this study indicate that intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines vary considerably by race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, and other characteristics. Further research is needed regarding how consumption of foods high in nitrosamines and N-nitroso precursors might relate to risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and chronic diseases.
Logging Road Effects on Breeding-site Selection in Notophthalmus viridescens (Red-spotted Newt) and Three Ambystomatid Salamanders in South-central Pennsylvania

Abstract This study examined possible effects of several abiotic parameters on breeding-pool selection of Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Jefferson Salamander), A. maculatum (Spotted Salamander), A. opacum (Marbled Salamander), and Notophthalmus viridescens (Red-spotted Newt). Twenty-four ephemeral pools and permanent ponds, all adjacent to a logging road, were observed in south-central Pennsylvania in 2006. There was a significant correlative effect of distance from the logging road on breeding-site selection. Specifically, the distance from the road significantly differed between the breeding-sites of Jefferson Salamanders and Red-spotted Newts and between those of Marbled Salamander and Red-spotted Newts with both ambystomatid species breeding farther from the road than Red-spotted Newts. This study supports the idea that ambystomatid salamander breeding-site selection can be influenced by habitat disturbance, while generalist species are not as easily influenced.
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE PANCREAS

The mean birth weights of 75 white females and 98 white males with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas were compared with the mean birth weights of control female and male infants. For each sex the mean birth weight of patients with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas was significantly lower than the mean for the control population. The proportion of male and female infants whose birth weights were above 3000 gm., in the control population and in the group of patients with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, was calculated. The percentage for patients with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas was much less than the one for control infants. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant. The analysis of these figures favors the hypothesis that in fibrocystic disease of the pancreas there is a fetal or maternal metabolic disturbance of undetermined nature that apparently interferes with the normal growth of the fetus. The mean birth weight of unaffected infants born to women who had followed a special pregnancy diet after having had a previous pregnancy resulting in a child with cystic fibrosis, was higher than the average birth weight for control newborns. The difference was of no statistical significance. The mean birth weight for infants with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas whose mothers followed a special pregnancy diet was higher than the calculated mean birth weight for patients with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas whose mothers received no comparable dietary advice during pregnancy. The difference was not significant. The known effect of a high protein intake during pregnancy, in enhancing the infant9s birth weight, appears to apply even when the infant proves to have fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. There is no clear explanation for the tendency to low birth weights in infants with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. It seems logical to suggest that maternal or fetal metabolic factors may be responsible. The fact that the birth weight and perhaps the incidence of the disease may be modified by a liberal diet during pregnancy is a point that deserves further study.
Beta-adrenergic receptor agonist decreases VEGF levels through altered eNOS and PKC signaling in diabetic retina

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is increased in diabetic macular edema. Compound 49b, a novel β-adrenergic receptor agonist, is protective in a type 1 diabetic rat model. We questioned whether Compound 49b could decrease VEGF levels, suggesting that Compound 49b may be effective against edema. Two-month diabetic rats received topical Compound 49b for 7 days only and/or insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) siRNA. We also measured endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and protein kinase C (PKC)ζ and PKCδ phosphorylation. Retinal endothelial cells (RECs) cultured in high glucose were treated with Compound 49b and IGFBP-3 siRNA for evaluation of the same signaling pathways. Compound 49b significantly decreased VEGF through increased IGFBP-3 in the diabetic retina. Compound 49b also reduced eNOS, PKCζ and PKCδ phosphorylation in the diabetic retina and REC. Compound 49b regulated a number of proteins involved in REC barrier properties.
Effect of 2,4-D on the Wheat Stem Sawtly

Greenhouse tests confirmed field observations that 2,4-D had an effect on larvac of the wheat stem sawfly. Cephus cinctus Norton. Larval mortality was highest when the herbicide was applied immediately before or during oviposition and decreased as the time between application and oviposition (before or after) was increased. Adult sawflies were unaffected and eggs appeared to be affected only slightly, if at all.
Molecular network, pathway, and functional analysis of time-dependent gene changes associated with pancreatic cancer susceptibility to oncolytic vaccinia virotherapy

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease associated with resistance to conventional therapies. This study aimed to determine changes in gene expression patterns associated with infection and susceptibility of pancreatic cancer cells to an oncolyticvaccinia virus, GLV-1h153, carrying the human sodium iodide symporter for deep tissue imaging of virotherapy. Methods: Replication and susceptibility of pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells to GLV-1h153 was confirmed with replication and cytotoxicity assays. PANC-1 cells were then infected with GLV-1h153 and near-synchronous infection confirmed via flow cytometry of viral-induced green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. Six and 24 hours after infection, three samples of each time point were harvested, and gene expression patterns assessed using HG-U133A cDNA microarray chips as compared to uninfected control. Differentially expressed genes were identified using Bioconductor LIMMA statistical analysis package. A fold change of 2.0 or above was used as a cutoff, with a P value of 0.01. The gene list was then analyzed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. Results: Differential gene analysis revealed a total of 12,412 up- and 11,065 downregulated genes at 6 and 24 hours postinfection with GLV-1h153 as compared to control. At 6 hours postinfection. A total of 139 genes were either up or downregulated >twofold (false discovery rate < 0.05), of which 124 were mapped by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). By 24 hours postinfection, a total of 5,698 genes were identified and 5,563 mapped by IPA. Microarray revealed gene expression changes, with gene networks demonstrating downregulation of processes such as cell death, cell cycle, and DNA repair, and upregulation of infection mechanisms (P < 0.01). Six hours after infection, gene changes involved pathways such as HMGB-1, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, janus kinase/signal tranducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), interferon, and ERK 5 signaling (P < 0.01). By 24 hours, prominent pathways included P53- and Myc-induced apoptotic processes, pancreatic adenocarcinoma signaling, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma vial oncogene homolog 1 (PI3/AKT) pathways. Conclusions: Our study reveals the ability to assess time-dependent changes in gene expression patterns in pancreatic cancer cells associated with infection and susceptibility to vaccinia viruses. This suggests that molecular assays may be useful to develop safer and more efficacious oncolyticvirotherapies and support the idea that these treatments may target pathways implicated in pancreatic cancer resistance to conventional therapies.
A Resource-Rational Approach to the Causal Frame Problem.

The causal frame problem is an epistemological puzzle about how the mind is able to disregard seemingly irrelevant causal knowledge, and focus on those factors that promise to be useful in making an inference or coming to a decision. Taking a subject’s causal knowledge to be (implicitly) represented in terms of directed graphical models, the causal frame problem can be construed as the question of how to determine a reasonable “submodel” of one’s “full model” of the world, so as to optimize the balance between accuracy in prediction on the one hand, and computational costs on the other. We propose a framework for addressing this problem, and provide several illustrative examples based on HMMs and Bayes nets. We also show that our framework can account for some of the recent empirical phenomena associated with alternative neglect.
USE OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES AS ATMOSPHERIC TRACERS

Abstract Concentrations of long-lived radon daughters, man-made fission products and cosmic-ray-produced radionuclides in individual samples of rain and snow collected at Fayetteville (36°N, 94°W), Arkansas, are being measured. It is possible to calculate the mean residence times of aerosols from the ratios of these isotopes in atmospheric precipitation. The residence times calculated from different isotopic ratios are not always concordant, however, and an attempt is being made to “synchronize” these nuclear clocks. Preliminary results from a study on the effect of the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens on the concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in rain are also presented.
Renal functional outcomes after robotic multiplex partial nephrectomy: the National Cancer Institute experience with robotic partial nephrectomy for 3 or more tumors in a single kidney

Objective To identify renal function outcomes after robotic multiplex partial nephrectomy (RMxPNx), we reviewed our institutional database at the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. To our knowledge, we present the largest series of RMxPNx renal function outcomes to date. Robotic partial nephrectomy has been employed for oncologic control and to prevent dialysis dependence in hereditary multifocal renal cell carcinoma conditions. We have termed robotic surgery on a single kidney with three or more lesions a RMxPNx.
Catherine de Medici and Huguenot Colonization, 1560–1567

Catherine de Medici wielded significant power during the early reign of her son King Charles IX but faced unprecedented religious division at home and abroad. She found middle ground and appeased France’s Protestant Huguenot minority by granting them sweeping concessions and by working with leading Huguenots, including Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, to resettle large numbers of non-conformists in Eastern Europe and the Americas. Even though the intermittent French Wars of Religion, Spanish intervention, and a new sultan in the Ottoman Empire spoiled her plans, Catherine effectively challenged Spanish dominance in Europe and the Americas. By focusing on the well-being of the nation rather than individual religious conviction, she ensured the continuation of the Valois Dynasty.
On The Relational Foundations Of Functorial Data Migration

We study the data transformation capabilities associated with schemas that are presented by labeled directed multi-graphs and path equivalence constraints. Unlike most approaches which treat graph-based schemas as abbreviations for relational schemas, we treat graph-based schemas as categories. A morphism M between schemas S and T , which can be generated from a visual mapping between graphs, induces three adjoint data migration functors, ΣM : S → T , ΠM : S → T , and ∆M : T → S. We present an algebraic query language FQL based on these functors, investigate its metatheory, and present SQL query generation algorithms.
Digital Advertising And Company Value: Implications of Reallocating Advertising Expenditures

ABSTRACT As companies continue to shift advertising expenditures toward digital-media channels, the benefits of digital advertising (adaptability of content, more efficient consumer targeting, and higher reach per dollar) must be weighed against the opportunity cost (forgone synergy between digital and traditional advertising). Using a hand-matched proprietary dataset of 1,538 companies from 2001 to 2012, this study documents that digital share—the ratio of digital advertising to traditional advertising—has an inverted U-shaped relationship with company value. The empirical evidence presents an important implication for managers: The beneficial impact of increasing digital share becomes detrimental when the current ratio of digital to traditional advertising exceeds 15:1.
Platinum(II) Complex-Nuclear Localization Sequence Peptide Hybrid for Overcoming Platinum Resistance in Cancer Therapy

Platinum therapy represents the first line of treatment in many malignancies but its high systemic toxicity limits the therapeutic dosage. Herein, we report the synthesis of carboplatin-like complexes with azide and alkyne functional groups and the formation of a platinum (II)-nuclear localization sequence peptide (Pt-NLS) hybrid to improve the import of platinum (II) complexes directly into the cell’s nucleus. The Pt-NLS hybrid successfully enters cells and their nuclei, forming Pt-induced nuclear lesions. The in vitro efficacy of Pt-NLS is high, superior to native carboplatin at the same concentration. The methodology used is simple and cost-effective and most importantly can easily be extended to load the Pt (II) onto other supports, opening new possibilities for enhanced delivery of Pt (II) therapy.
Fast Diffeomorphic Image Registration via Fourier-Approximated Lie Algebras

This paper introduces Fourier-approximated Lie algebras for shooting (FLASH), a fast geodesic shooting algorithm for diffeomorphic image registration. We approximate the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra of smooth vector fields, i.e., the tangent space at the identity of the diffeomorphism group, with a low-dimensional, bandlimited space. We show that most of the computations for geodesic shooting can be carried out entirely in this low-dimensional space. Our algorithm results in dramatic savings in time and memory over traditional large-deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping algorithms, which require dense spatial discretizations of vector fields. To validate the effectiveness of FLASH, we run pairwise image registration on both 2D synthetic data and real 3D brain images and compare with the state-of-the-art geodesic shooting methods. Experimental results show that our algorithm dramatically reduces the computational cost and memory footprint of diffemorphic image registration with little or no loss of accuracy.
ACTORES NO HUMANOS Y LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA COMISIÓN DE ESCLARECIMIENTO DE LA VIOLENCIA “FRACASADA”: EL CASO DE LA CHCV EN COLOMBIA

The article presented shows the result of an archive investigation that shows the importance of linking non- human actors to the analysis of the technologies of political transition. This is done by presenting a theoretical framework and a methodological reflection that allows us to think about the relevance of the network actor theory. In the same way, a cartography of political transitions and its legal correlation (transitional justice) is presented to expose a typology of non-human actors. Finally, the relationships between the Colombian transition situation, embodied in the CHCV (Historical Commission of the Conflict and its Victims) and the non-human actors are traced.
Smart cities - an analysis of smart transportation management

Following an extensive literature review, there appears to be no universal definition of a smart city and over the last decade, it has become a useful branding tool for ICT firms to sell their products to municipalities. Following the changing political climate, the adoption of smart city innovations has slowed as funding is no longer secured. As a consequence, municipalities found themselves in a position where they were no longer focusing on product-centric solutions. The risks involved in investing public funds in new programs is high, so the municipalities should be aware of them and attempt to mitigate them. This report contains a STEEP analysis to outline the benefits and risks of smart city innovations and a comparison of seven mid-sized US cities implementing different programs has been performed to contrast the different approaches to implementation. Beyond the technology involved, most of the research has pointed to governance of smart city programs as the greatest indicator of success or failure. Cities with a strong mayor’s office and a top-down governance found it more difficult to carry through with these programs, but cities run by strong city councils have a bottom up governance that is best suited for smart city innovations. Additionally, the trend appears to be shifting from large scale projects that often carry a high price, to implementing several projects on a pilot basis to determine which will have the greatest probability for success in the future. While additional research is needed, this report hopes to add to the existing literature and provide greater insight into the rapidly evolving innovations surrounding smart city development.
Desulphurization of coals and chars by treatment in various atmospheres between 400 and 600 °C

Abstract Desulphurization of fifteen US coals of rank ranging from anthracite to sub-bituminous B and five high-temperature chars by carbon monoxide and other gases and gas mixtures between 400 and 600 °C has been studied. The sulphur content of the parent coals ranged between 3.0 and 7.3% and that of the chars between 1.3 and 3.8% by weight. A comparison between air, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and steam-carbon monoxide mixtures as desulphurizing gases shows the order of desulphurizing ability as air s > steam-CO mixture s > CO s > N 2 .
Commentary: Metaknowledge is power: envisioning models to address unmet mental health needs: reflections on Kazdin (2019)

Despite having more knowledge and resources at our disposal than ever before in history, the human suffering due to mental health concerns is extensive and mostly untreated. Kazdin (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2019) calls for a significant departure from prevailing conventions of psychotherapy delivery, noting that the traditional formats, settings, and workforce limit the potential of science to help those in need. This paper supports and extends Kazdin's argument, urging an additional shift in perspective about treatments altogether. A reconceptualization of treatment protocols as knowledge resources is offered, such that the strategy to reduce human suffering becomes one of flexibly moving knowledge of how to address mental health concerns to any and all contexts in which those problems can be addressed, whether or not a treatment is used. A dedicated pursuit of metaknowledge-knowing how to structure, coordinate, and apply knowledge-promises to lift the world's collective therapeutic intelligence and thereby move us closer to the goal of substantively addressing the global mental health burden.
Blitzscaling: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Abstract Today’s disruptive innovations are driving the creation of numerous billion-dollar startups. Venture capitalists focus on these potentially disruptive technology startups and fund them furiously, advancing their speed of growth. The idea is to scale fast and seek huge returns for investors. Terms that define this type of aggressive scaling have recently developed in Silicon Valley. Unicorn is defined as a venture with a value of $1 billion, while a decacorn describes startups with a value of $10 billion. Another recent term is blitzscaling: funding a venture for extremely fast growth and prioritizing speed over efficiency in an environment of uncertainty. While blitzscaling is being used heavily by investors in Silicon Valley, we look at exactly what comprises this new phenomenon and how it is used in practice. We examine the concept, its stages, and its prevalence before reviewing the different examples of how the strategy has been implemented for success (the good), cases of its failure in practice (the bad), and the extreme cases of ethical compromise by ventures (the ugly). From these cases, we draw specific lessons that, if understood and appropriately addressed, would help new ventures effectively implement the strategy.
The National-Popular in Bolivia: history, crisis and social knowledge*

Rene Zavaleta is often described as a forgotten or understudied figure of the Latin American left, and yet when he is cited it is to assign to him a position at once singular and emblematic within ...
Improvements in Metabolic Syndrome by Xanthohumol Derivatives are Linked to Altered Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism

Scope Two hydrogenated xanthohumol (XN) derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), improved parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a critical risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, in a diet-induced obese murine model. It is hypothesized that improvements in obesity and MetS are linked to changes in composition of the gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation. Methods and results To test this hypothesis, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and bile acids were measured in fecal samples from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing XN, DXN or TXN. Expression of genes associated with epithelial barrier function, inflammation, and bile acid metabolism were measured in the colon, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver, respectively. Administration of XN derivatives decreases intestinal microbiota diversity and abundance-specifically Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes-alters bile acid metabolism, and reduces inflammation. In WAT, TXN supplementation decreases pro-inflammatory gene expression by suppressing macrophage infiltration. Transkingdom network analysis connects changes in the microbiota to improvements in MetS in the host. Conclusion Changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism may explain, in part, the improvements in obesity and MetS associated with administration of XN and its derivatives.
Large Area 21.6% Efficiency Front Junction N-type Cell with Screen Printed Tunnel Oxide Passivated Poly-Si Rear Contact

We report on the implementation of screen printed carrier-selective tunnel oxide passivated poly-Si rear contact for high-efficiency front junction crystalline Si solar cells. Using a 15A thick tunnel oxide grown in nitric acid at 100°C and capped with 100nm LPCVD grown n+ poly-Si, we were able to achieve excellent rear contact passivation even after the formation of screen printed contacts. The saturation current density on the rear side (J 0b’ ) without metal was 1.7 fA/cm2. After firing the screen printed Ag contacts through SiN cap on poly-Si, with 9% metal coverage, J 0b’ increased to only ~5 fA/cm2. An ion-implanted 180 Ω/□ boron doped homogeneous emitter was used on the front. This resulted in large area (239 cm2) 21.6% cells on industrial grade n-type CZ Si wafer. Smaller area 100 cm2 cells gave 22% efficiency.
Unsymmetrical Coordination of Bipyridine in Three-Coordinate Gold(I) Complexes

The unsymmetrical coordination of gold(I) by 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) in some planar, three-coordinate cations has been examined by crystallographic and computational studies. The salts [(Ph3P)Au(bipy)]XF6 (X = P, As, Sb) form an isomorphic series in which the differences in Au-N distances range from 0.241(2) to 0.146(2) A. A second polymorph of [(Ph3P)Au(bipy)]AsF6 has also been found. Both polymorphs exhibit similar structures. The salts [(Et3P)Au(bipy)]XF6 (X = P, As, Sb) form a second isostructural series. In this series the unsymmetrical coordination of the bipy ligand is maintained, but the gold ions are disordered over two unequally populated positions that produce very similar overall structures for the cations. Although many planar, three-coordinate gold(I) complexes are strongly luminescent, the salts [(R3P)Au(bipy)]XF6 (R = Ph or Et; X = P, As, Sb) are not luminescent as solids or in solution. Computational studies revealed that a fully symmetrical structure for [(Et3P)Au(bipy)]+ is 7 kJ/mol higher in energy than the observed unsymmetrical structure and is best described as a transition state between the two limiting unsymmetrical geometries. The Au-N bonding has been examined by natural resonance theory (NRT) calculations using the "12 electron rule". The dominant Lewis structure is one with five lone pairs on Au and one bond to the P atom, which results in a saturated (12 electron) gold center and thereby inhibits the formation of any classical, 2 e- bonds between the gold and either of the bipy nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen atoms may instead donate a lone pair into an empty Au-P antibonding orbital, resulting in a three-center, four-electron (3c/4e) P-Au-N bond. The binuclear complex, [μ2-bipy(AuPPh3)2](PF6)2, has also been prepared and shown to have an aurophillic interaction between the two gold ions, which are separated by 3.0747(3) A. Despite the aurophillic interaction, this binuclear complex is not luminescent.
Duodenal Nutrient Flow and Digestibility in Holstein Steers Fed Formaldehyde- and Formic Acid-Treated Alfalfa or Orchardgrass Silage at Two Intakes

Formaldehyde- and formic acid-treated alfalfa or orchardgrass silage were fed at 65 and 90 g DM/kg BW.75.d) to growing Holstein steers (209 +/- SE = 35 kg) fitted with permanent ruminal and duodenal cannulas in a 4 x 4 latin square. Alfalfa had higher (P less than .01) concentrations of cell solubles, total N and rumen-soluble N than did orchardgrass. Digestible energy (Mcal/d), total N and soluble N intake (g/d) were higher (P less than .05) for steers fed alfalfa than for those fed orchardgrass. Total duodenal OM, DM, NDF, N and non-NH3-N flows were greater (P less than .001) for steers fed alfalfa than for those fed orchardgrass and were greater (P less than .001) at high vs low intake. Duodenal bacterial N flow (g/d) was greater (P less than .001) for steers fed alfalfa than for those fed orchardgrass, and bacterial N synthesis (g/kg DM truly digested in the rumen) was 58 and 32, respectively (P less than .001). Ruminal concentrations of NH3-N (P less than .001) and VFA (P less than .05) were greater for steers fed alfalfa than for those fed orchardgrass. Total tract DM, energy and N digestibilities were higher (P less than .05) for steers fed alfalfa vs orchardgrass, whereas total tract NDF digestibility was lower (P less than .01). Tissue N retention tended to be greater (P less than .1) for steers fed alfalfa than for those fed orchardgrass. Regression analysis indicated that duodenal non-NH3-N flow was related to intake of metabolizable energy and soluble N (R2 = .939). Improved performance and higher efficiency of use of ME for tissue gain by steers fed alfalfa rather than orchardgrass is related to lower ruminal acetate:propionate, higher microbial efficiency and greater duodenal DM and N flows.
Composition of the Population and Its Spatial Distribution

This chapter underlines the composition of the population and the contribution of immigration in the transformation, the size and the spatial distribution of the population. It also covers the migrants’ choices of integration and/or reintegration as a driver of urban settlement and mobility in the urban structure of French Guyana. As a result, the chapter shows the impacts of urbanization and the population re-composition in terms of redesigning urban sectors’ local political maps in some municipalities in the Cayenne agglomeration, the capital city of French Guyana.
The NMT Capstone Semester: Foundations for Nanotechnology Degrees

The nanofabrication manufacturing technology (NMT) Capstone Semester hosted by Pennsylvania State University (PSU) is a springboard for associate's and bachelor's degree students to learn about and apply knowledge to the field of microfabrication and nanotechnology. Students undergo an 18-credit semester on-campus at PSU, studying the processes, techniques, and materials used in industry that are not readily accessible at their home institutions due to cost. Higher education institutions partnered with PSU feature degrees at various levels, leveraging the relationship with the university to grant degrees in nanofabrication and produce nanotechnicians and engineers.
Cyborg Jotería Pedagogies: Latinx Drag Queens Leveraging Communication Ecologies in the Age of the Digital and Social Displacement

Researchers and practitioners have much to learn from drag queens, specifically Latinx queens, as they leverage everyday queerness and brownness in ways that contribute to pedagogy locally and globally, individually and collectively. Drawing on previous work examining the digital queer gestures of drag queen educators (Lizarraga & Cortez, 2019), this essay explores how non-dominant people that exist and fluctuate in the in-between of boundaries of gender, race, sexuality, the physical, and the virtual provide pedagogical overtures for imagining and organizing for new possible futures that are equitable and just. Further animated by Donna Haraway’s (2006) influential feminist post-humanist work, we interrogate how Latinx drag queens as cyborgs use digital technologies to enhance their craft and engage in powerful pedagogical moves. This essay draws from robust analyses of the digital presence of and interviews with two Latinx drag queens in the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as the online presence of a Xicanx doggie drag queen named RuPawl. Our participants actively drew on their liminality to provoke and mobilize communities around socio-political issues. In this regard, we see them engaging in transformative public cyborg joteria pedagogies that are made visible and historicized in the digital and physical world.