cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental Screening in the Primary Care Setting: A Qualitative Integrative Review for Nurses.

Problem Standardized developmental screening leads to the identification of children with developmental delays who may benefit from early intervention. Many children with developmental delays are not identified early in life. An integrative review was performed to synthesize and critically analyze qualitative studies on the developmental screening experiences of parents and providers to develop a deeper understanding of the developmental screening gaps in clinical practice and increase awareness among healthcare professionals who care for children. Eligibility Criteria Qualitative studies written in English that focused on developmental screening in children from birth to school age and that included registered nurses, advanced practice nurses, pediatric or family physicians, or parents were considered. Sample Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The analysis resulted in four main themes: developmental screening behaviors, developmental screening barriers, developmental screening facilitators, and parent interactions. Conclusions Positive parent interactions and practice-wide engagement facilitated successful implementation of standardized developmental screening in primary care settings. Barriers associated with developmental screening included time, lack of reimbursement, poor communication with parents, and unfamiliarity with developmental screening instruments. A limited number of studies have examined developmental screening methods used by advanced practice nurses. Only two studies in the review included advanced practice nurses. Implications The developmental screening experiences of providers and parents increases awareness about the challenges associated with conducting developmental screening in primary care. Recommendations for future research are offered with a focus on advanced practice nurses in primary care.
Hybrid array pattern calculation technique

An array analysis technique is presented that uses nine embedded element patterns to approximate all embedded element patterns. The hybrid technique avoids shortcomings of other common approaches that use a single embedded element approximation, while also providing significant time/computational savings compared to exact approaches including simulations and/or measurements of all embedded element patterns. The technique is then applied to an array of dual-circularly polarized antenna elements.
MdmX Protein Is Essential for Mdm2 Protein-mediated p53 Polyubiquitination

Genetic evidence has implicated both Mdm2 and MdmX as essential in negative regulation of p53. However, the exact role of MdmX in this Mdm2-dependent protein degradation is not well understood. Most, if not all, previous Mdm2 studies used GST-Mdm2 fusion proteins in the in vitro assays. Here, we show that the p53 polyubiquitination activity of GST-Mdm2 is conferred by the GST tag and non-GST-tagged Mdm2 only catalyzes monoubiquitination of p53 even at extremely high concentrations. We further demonstrate that MdmX is a potent activator of Mdm2, facilitating dose-dependent p53 polyubiquitination. This activation process requires the RING domains of both MdmX and Mdm2 proteins. The polyubiquitination activity of Mdm2/MdmX is Mdm2-dependent. Unlike Mdm2 or MdmX overexpression alone, co-overexpression of MdmX and Mdm2 consistently triggered p53 degradation in cells. Moreover, cellular polyubiquitination of p53 was only observable in the cytoplasm where both Mdm2 and MdmX are readily detectable. Importantly, RNAi knockdown of MdmX increased levels of endogenous p53 accompanied by reduced p53 polyubiquitination. In conclusion, our work has resolved a major confusion in the field derived from using GST-Mdm2 and demonstrated that MdmX is the cellular activator that converts Mdm2 from a monoubiquitination E3 ligase to a polyubiquitination E3 ligase toward p53. Together, our findings provide a biochemical basis for the requirement of both Mdm2 and MdmX in the dynamic regulation of p53 stability.
EUV mask fabrication using Be-based multilayer mirrors

Extreme Ultra-Violet lithography is one of the leading next generation lithography options. Currently, EUV masks are routinely made of reflective mirrors made of Mo/Si multi- layers, which have a peak reflectivity of 67.5% at a wavelength of 13.4 nm. However, in order to increase the throughput of an EUVL system, a new set of Be-based multi- layers are being developed, which have a peak reflectivity of near 70% at 11.4. The two materials that have recently been developed are Mo/Be and MoRu/Be multi-layers. Beryllium based multi-layer masks show great promise for a significant increase in the lithography system throughput (2 - 3X over the current Mo/Si multi-layer mask) due to their increased reflectivity and bandwidth at 11.4 nm where the xenon laser plasma source is more intense. We have successfully developed a process to fabricate masks using Be-based multi-layers. The absorber stack consists of TaSiN (absorber), SiON (repair buffer) and Cr (conductive etch stop) deposited on the multi- layer mirror. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory supplied the Mo/Be and MoRu/Be multi-layer mirrors used to fabricate the masks. Completed masks were exposed at Sandia National Laboratories' 10X EUV exposure system and equal lines and spaces down to 80 nm were successfully printed. The paper addresses the issues and challenges to fabricate the mask using Be-based multi-layers and a comparison will be made with the Mo/Si multi-layer mask patterning process.
Further Studies on Arsenic Resistance in Trypanosoma gambiense.

Abstract 1. (1) Repeated exposures to sodium arsenite in vitro of a normal strain of Trypanosoma gambiense and one highly resistant to reduced tryparsamide failed to induce resistance to this compound. 2. (2) A normal strain of T. gambiense remained infective after exposures to somewhat higher concentrations of sodium arsenite than a tryparsamide-resistant strain, although the respiration of the latter was slightly more resistant to sodium arsenite than that of the former. 3. (3) The exposures to sodium arsenite had no influence on the response of the respiration of the trypanosomes to reduced tryparsamide, sodium arsenite, or compound NF 114. 4. (4) The resistance to reduced tryparsamide had measurably decreased during 21 months when the strain had no contact with the drug. 5. (5) The slight resistance to sodium arsenite induced previously by exposure to tryparsamide as measured by the oxygen consumption or the similarly induced hypersensitivity to the nitrofurane derivative NF 114 appear to be stable characters.
Structural Basis for Allosteric Coupling at the Membrane-Protein Interface in GLIC

Abstract Ligand-binding at the extracellular domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels initiates a relay of conformational changes that culminates at the gate within the transmembrane domain. The interface between the two domains is a key structural entity that governs gating. Molecular events in signal transduction at the interface are poorly defined because of its intrinsically dynamic nature combined with functional modulation by membrane lipid and water-vestibules. Here, we used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to delineate protein motions underlying GLIC gating in a membrane environment and report the interface conformation in the closed and the desensitized states. Extensive intrasubunit interactions were observed in the closed state, which are weakened upon desensitization, and replaced by newer intersubunit contacts. Gating involves major rearrangements of the interfacial loops accompanied by reorganization of the protein-lipid-water interface. These structural changes may serve as targets for modulation of gating by lipids, alcohols, and amphipathic-drug molecules.
Calcium and ionophore A23187 induce the sickle cell membrane phosphorylation pattern in normal erythrocytes.

Abstract Pre-treatment of normal erythrocytes with micromolar Ca2+ and ionophore A23187 induces abnormal phosphorylation of membrane polypeptides, as determined by labeling with exogenous 32Pi. The Ca2+-induced effects, which include increased incorporation of 32P into acid-stable linkages and increased labeling in the Band 3 and 4.5–4.9 regions of SDS gels, are similar to those seen in untreated sickle erythrocytes. Part of the abnormal phosphorylation of sickle cells may be caused by their elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels.
Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Brown adipocytes have the ability to uncouple the respiratory chain in mitochondria and dissipate chemical energy as heat. Development of UCP1-positive brown adipocytes in white adipose tissues (so called beige or brite cells) is highly induced by a variety of environmental cues such as chronic cold exposure or by PPARγ agonists, therefore, this cell type has potential as a therapeutic target for obesity treatment. Although most immortalized adipocyte lines cannot recapitulate the process of "browning" of white fat in culture, primary adipocytes isolated from stromal vascular fraction in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) provide a reliable cellular system to study the molecular control of beige/brite cell development. Here we describe a protocol for effective isolation of primary preadipocytes and for inducing differentiation to beige/brite cells in culture. The browning effect can be assessed by the expression of brown fat-selective markers such as UCP1.
Some physiologic considerations of centric and other jaw relations

Abstract The postural position of the mandible is the only reflex determining mandibular position present at birth. Centric relation is learned after the teeth errupt: it is the first learned reflex determining the occlusal position of the mandible after the primary dentition is complete. Eccentric mandibular positions are learned as expedient mechanisms for avoiding occlusal disharmonies. They are forgotten when the source of the afferent impulses prompting them is removed. Centric relation in the edentulous adult is determined by muscle proprioceptors largely, and thus presents slightly different problems in registration.
Sister chromatid exchanges induced by light flashes to 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine substituted Chinese hamster chromosomes

Abstract Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) or 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) into the chromosomal DNA of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during two rounds of replication causes sister chromatids to be differentiated so that they can be discriminated from one another by staining and morphology. Chromatids that contain BUdR or IUdR in both DNA strands stain lighter and are less condensed than their sister chromatids with only unifilar substitution. The halogenated pyrimidine nucleosides also induce sister chromatid exchanges that can be detected without autoradiography. The frequency of these exchanges is markedly increased by exposing the cells to light flashes.
bagpipe-dependent expression of vimar, a novel Armadillo-repeats gene, in Drosophila visceral mesoderm

Two homeobox-containing genes, tinman and bagpipe, play important roles during the specification of the midgut visceral musculature from the mesoderm during Drosophila embryogenesis. Expression of tinman in the dorsal mesoderm activates the expression of the bagpipe gene in segmental subsets of those cells, which then become determined to form the midgut visceral mesoderm. Understanding how the bagpipe gene affects this specification requires the isolation and characterization of its downstream target genes. Using an enhancer trap line that expresses its marker in the midgut visceral mesoderm, we have cloned and characterized a novel gene (vimar) that is expressed embryonically in the mid and hindgut visceral mesoderm, as well as in the CNS and PNS. The expression of this gene in the midgut visceral mesoderm initiates shortly after bagpipe expression and depends on bagpipe function. Maternal and zygotic transcripts are produced from this gene by alternative polyadenylation, and encode the same 634-amino acid protein. The vimar protein contains 15 tandem copies of the Armadillo repeat, a protein interaction domain, and is similar to mammalian Smg guanine dissociation stimulator protein, which stimulates the activity of a number of different p21 small G-proteins. These results, together with the observed lethality of vimar mutations, indicate that vimar is one of the bagpipe target genes that are required for normal development and differentiation of the midgut visceral mesoderm.
Plant Evolution: De-evolution and re-evolution of maize

Studies of the genetic differences between maize and its wild predecessor have started to reveal genes responsible for evolutionary innovations.
Two Methods for the Rapid Assessment of Leaf Yield of Erythroxylum Coca Var. Coca

Methods for estimating yields of Erythroxylum coca var. coca were devised and compared. For the PCA method, yields were estimated from canopy light interception, specific leaf area (SLA), and a calibration factor. For the canopy subsample method (CSS), yield was estimated from leaf number, size, and SLA subsamples multiplied by the ratio of canopy to subsample volume. Corrected PCA overestimated yields by 9% and CSS underestimated yields by 7% for a test dataset. The CSS method requires more field time, but uses simple equipment that can be applied at any time. The PCA method requires expensive equipment and uniform light, and it cannot be used when it is raining.
Eliminating coronal discoloration when cementing all-ceramic restorations over metal posts and cores.

Abstract Opaque porcelain was fused over metal posts and cores. This procedure permitted the definitive all-ceramic restorations to possess a more uniform shade between teeth restored with metal posts and cores and adjacent vital teeth.
Low Energy Neutron Resonance Scattering and Absorption

Low energy neutron resonance absorption and scattering integrals have been measured, and resonance scattering fractions, $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{n}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$, have been determined for about thirty elements. Lightweight $\mathrm{odd}Z\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{even}N$ and $\mathrm{even}Z\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{odd}N$ isotopes are shown to have similar resonance phenomena. Correlations of level density and scattering fraction with atomic weight and nuclear type are presented.
Bivariate binary models of efficacy and toxicity in dose-ranging trials

Methods for the simultaneous analysis of the relationships of binary variables for efficacy and toxicity to dosage of an experimental drug are developed. Properties of two models of ‘within-dose’ dependence of efficacy and toxicity in parallel designs - one a bivariate analogue of the familiar univariate logistic model, and the other an adaptation of a general model developed by D.R. Cox– are explored. The cell probabilities predicted by these models are often quite similar to those predicted by a model of independence of efficacy and toxicity, but large discrepancies can occur when there is approximate equality of the median effective and median toxic doses. Asymptotic variances of estimates of parameters involved in assessing correlation are large when there is little or no dependence in the data, but parameters can be estimated with good precision in at least some cases of moderate to strong dependence between efficacy and toxicity.
Electron transfer. 109. The reaction of dimeric molybdenum(V) with carboxylato-bound chromium(V). A third mechanistic variation

The bridged dimer of molybdenum(V), Mo2O42+ (aq) is oxidized to Mo(VI) by carboxylato-bound chromium(V). Reaction of bis(chelated) Cr(V) with excess (MoV)2 yields a chelated Cr(III) complex, but this conversion proceeds through a pink Cr(IV) intermediate, indicating that the oxidation of (MoV)2 entails a series of le− steps, passing through a reactive transient, the mixed valence complex, MoVMoVI. When experiments are carried out in buffers of the ligating acid, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid, two stages of ligation of (MoV)2 by the ligand anion, characterized by rate constants near 104 and 0.14 M−1 s−1 (19°C; pH 3.0; μ = 0.6 M) must be considered. In quick mixing experiments, the first, but not the second, of these proceeds before the redox reaction gets under way, and autocatalytic redox profiles are observed. If the slower ligation is allowed to reach completion before Cr(V) is added, reduction to Cr(IV) is greatly accelerated and conforms to the superposition of two processes, whereas the reduction of Cr(IV) to Cr(III) is slow and exhibits a rate independent of [CrIV]. A proposed sequence applicable to the latter conditions includes reductions of Cr(V) at two ligation levels, slow unimolecular conversion of (MoV)2 to an activated form, and rapid reduction of the latter with Cr(IV). Here Cr(IV) has assumed the role of a scavenger for the reactive form of (MoV)2.
Native QRS duration predicts the occurrence of arrhythmic events in ICD recipients

Aims Identification of implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) recipients at higher risk of future therapies may assist in pre-empting future shocks. Native QRS duration is an established predictor of overall mortality, but the role of this parameter as a clinical predictor of arrhythmic events warrants further investigation. Methods and results In an analysis of a single-centre, 13-year ICD implantation experience (1990–2002), multiple clinical parameters including QRS duration were analysed using a multiple logistic regression model. Of 562 patients followed for at least 1 year, 98 (17%) did not receive ICD therapies (event-free, group A). Comparisons were made with a randomly selected sample of 123 patients who received ICD therapies (arrhythmic events, group B). There were no significant differences in age, gender, frequency of coronary artery disease, and degree of left ventricular dysfunction. However, QRS duration was a significant determinant of arrhythmic events (� 100 vs. ,100 ms: adjusted OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.37–5.51; � 120 vs. ,120 ms: adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 0.97–3.23). QRS duration was also a predictor of overall mortality in the logistic regression models (� 100 ms: adjusted OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.17–11.9; � 120 ms: adjusted OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.39–6.85). Conclusion In this ICD population, consisting largely of secondary prevention ICD recipients, longer QRS duration predicted higher likelihood of arrhythmic events. Extent of QRS prolongation could guide the decision to initiate prophylactic anti-arrhythmic therapy in ICD patients.
Visual outcome after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in an 8-month-old with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy

Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) has rapidly become the standard of care for endothelial dysfunction of the cornea in adults. There are few reports of DSAEK in children and infants, mainly because most pediatric corneal opacities are full-thickness and therefore not amenable to lamellar procedures but also because of the unique difficulties of performing this procedure in the youngest patients. We report the case of an 8-month-old girl who underwent DSAEK for congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. At 24 months' follow-up, her visual acuity was 20/40 in the operated eye. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an objective visual outcome in a child with DSAEK performed in infancy.
Predicting Particle Critical Supersaturation from Hygroscopic Growth Measurements in the Humidified TDMA. Part II: Laboratory and Ambient Studies

Abstract Laboratory studies are used to test the method proposed in Part I for estimating the critical supersaturation of quasi-monodisperse, dry particles from measurements of hygroscopic growth at relative humidities below 100%. An advantage of the proposed technique is that it directly links dry particle size to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and simultaneously provides some information on particle chemical composition. Studies have been conducted on particles composed of NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, internally and externally mixed NaCl–(NH4)2SO4, and on ambient particles of unknown chemical composition. A modified form of the Kohler equation is fit to measurements from a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer to derive two chemical composition–dependent parameters and the critical supersaturation for a given dry particle size. A cloud condensation nucleus counter is used to simultaneously observe the critical supersaturation of the same dry particles. Results show that for particles c...
RTI compression for mobile devices

Currently, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) technology is restricted to desktop and high performance computing devices. In recent years, mobile devices and tablets have become ubiquitous due to their increased performance. However, the size of RTI files (≈100 MB) limits the range of portable devices capable of displaying RTI files. In this paper, we explore different compression techniques, and develop an RTI viewer prototype for both Android and iOS devices. Experiments with JPEG, JPEG2000, lossless compression show the resulting error for compression ratios of 30∶1 is comparable to the error of traditional two-dimensional images. For higher compression rates, we present a novel αβ-JPEG algorithm which compresses color and reflectance information individually.
Efficient computation of a sharp interface by spreading via phase field methods

Abstract A sharp interface arising from any of the major transition problems (calssical or modified stefan, etc.) can be smoothed out using the phase field approach as a numerical tool. The computations in one-dimensional space and n-dimensions with radial symmetry indicate that this efficient method for dealing with stiff equations results in a very accurate interface determination without explicit tracking. The methods also provide a numerical verification of the concept of a critical radius.
Optimal Air-Breathing Launch Vehicle Design

A generalized two-point boundary problem methodology, similar to techniques used in deterministic optimal control studies, is applied to the design and flight analysis of a two-stage air-breathing launch vehicle. Simultaneous consideration is given to configuration and trajectory by treating geometry, dynamic discontinuities, and time-dependent flight variables all as controls to be optimized with respect to a single mathematical performance measure. While minimizing fuel consumption, inequality constraints are applied to dynamic pressure and specific force. The optimal system fuel consumption and staging Mach number are found to vary little with changes in the inequality constraints due to substantial geometry and trajectory adjustments. Staging, from an air-breathing first stage to a rocket-powered second stage, consistently occurs near Mach 3.5. The dynamic pressure bound has its most pronounced effects on vehicle geometry, particularly the air-breathing propulsion inlet area, and on the first-stage altitude profile. The specific force has its greatest influence on the second-stage thrust history.
Dose-Response Relationships between Inhaled Beryllium Metal and Lung Toxicity in C3H Mice

Abstract Inhaled beryllium (Be) can induce a range of adverse pulmonary responses in animals and humans including acute pneumonitis, chronic granulomatous lung disease, and cancer. To facilitate comparisons with our previous data describing Be toxicity in rats, we evaluated the toxic effects of inhaled Be metal in mice. Groups of 34 strain C3H/HeJ mice were acutely exposed by the nose-only route to aerosolized Be metal to achieve measured initial lung burdens of 0, 1.7, 2.6, 12, or 34 μg. All mice received aerosolized 85 Sr-labeled fused aluminosilicate particles ( 85 Sr-FAPs) immediately before their Be exposure so that the influence of Be on lung retention of these poorly soluble tracer particles could be externally quantitated. Groups of mice were euthanized at 8, 15, 40, 90, 210, and 350 days after exposure for evaluation of histopathological changes and for cytologic and biochemical indicators of lung damage measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Clearance of 85 Sr-FAP tracer particles through 196 days after exposure was delayed in mice receiving the 12 and 34 μg Be lung burdens, but not the 1.7 or 2.6 μg lung burdens. Increased total cell numbers, increased percentage of neutrophils, and elevated levels of total protein and the activities of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed in the two highest Be lung burden groups compared with controls. Lung lesions included particle-containing macrophages, granulomatous pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial aggregates, and mononuclear interstitial infiltrates. These lesions were occasionally seen in mice receiving the 2.6 μg lung burden, were present in most of the mice receiving 12 or 34 μg lung burdens, and were generally increased in severity with time and lung burden. Thus, we have demonstrated that a single, acute inhalation exposure to Be metal can chronically retard particle clearance and induce lung damage in mice. The initial lung burdens used caused responses ranging from no apparent effects to significant Be-induced responses. A comparison of these data with our previous data from rats indicates that the mass of Be metal required to induce lung damage in mice is similar to that needed for rats. When expressed on a lung weight-normalized basis, mice appeared to be more resistant to the toxic effects of inhaled Be than rats.
A second form of arylsulfatase A in human urine.

Abstract Two forms of arylsulfatase A (aryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1) have been isolated from human urine by (NH4)2SO4 reverse gradient solubilization chromatography. The normal or predominant form is here designated arylsulfatase Aα and the new or second form designated arylsulfatase Aβ. Both had similar activity toward the substrates 4-nitrocatechol sulfate, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate, and cerebroside sulfate. Rabbit anti-human arylsulfatase A precipitated both enzyme forms equally well, and each had the same migration behavior with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or gel isoelectric focusing. The rate of heat inactivation at two different temperatures did not reveal any differences between arylsulfatase Aα and Aβ. Treatment with neuraminidase did not affect electrophoretic or catalytic properties of either enzyme. The Aβ enzyme is apparently derived from the Aα form in vitro and there is partial reversion of isolated β-enzyme on storage. Neither ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol, nor urea appeared to enhance the interconversion between arylsulfatase Aα and Aβ.
Topological design of channels for squeeze flow optimization of thermal interface materials

Abstract Performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs) used between a microelectronic device and its associated heat spreader is largely dependent on the bulk thermal conductivity of the TIM, but the bond-line thickness (BLT) of the applied material as well as the interfacial contact resistances are also significant contributors to overall performance. Hierarchically Nested Channels (HNCs), created by modifying the surface topology of the chip or the heatsink with hierarchical arrangements of microchannels in order to improve flow, have been proposed to reduce both the required squeezing force and the final BLT at the interfaces. In the present work, a topological optimization framework that enables the design of channel arrangements is developed. The framework is based on a resistance network approximation to Newtonian squeeze flow. The approximation, validated against finite element (FE) solutions, allows efficient, design-oriented solutions for squeeze flow in complex geometries. A comprehensive design sensitivity analysis exploiting the resistance network approximation is also developed and implemented. The resistance approximation and the sensitivity analysis is used to build an automated optimal channel design framework. A Pareto optimal problem formulation for the design of channels is posed and the optimal solution is demonstrated using the framework.
ECAD – A Prototype Screen-based VR Solid Modeling Environment Incorporating Tangible Deformable Models

AbstractTwo shortcomings of the current generation of computer-aided design (CAD) software are (1) segregating the tasks of modeling and simulation, and (2) casting inherently 3D tasks, such as modeling and manipulation, into a 2D environment. The former is due to the fact that modeling is generally an interactive process whereas simulation often must be conducted off-line due to the computational cost of traditional simulation methods. The latter arises largely from the relative newness of 3D interface devices and the lack of software that takes good advantage of them. In this paper we present a screen-based VR modeling and simulation environment called ECAD (Enhanced CAD). ECAD is a proof-of-concept system that combines 6 DOF input, 3D visualization, haptic feedback, and a new real-time deformation simulation engine into a unified modeling and simulation environment. Real-time simulation of deformations provides the user with immediate tangible feedback regarding the behavior of the model, allowing for ...
Adverse effect of pregnancy on melanoma. A reappraisal

The influence of pregnancy on the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma in women of childbearing age was examined in a retrospective review of 251 surgically treated cases. There was no statistical difference in survival at five years, free of disease, for Stage I melanoma between nulliparous, parous nonpregnant, and pregnant women. For Stage II melanoma, however, a significantly lower survival rate was observed for pregnant patients (29%) and parous women who had experienced activation of the lesion in a previous pregnancy (22%), as compared with that of nulliparous patients (55%) and other patients in the parous group (51%); p less than 0.05. This discrepancy in survival, together with the observed higher frequencies of Stage II cases, melanomas occurring on the trunk, and symptoms such as bleeding, ulceration, irritation, and elevation of the lesion, strongly suggest an adverse influence of pregnancy on women with Stage II melanoma.
Informed consent: An overview

Abstract Informed consent is a process, not an isolated incident. It therefore requires that health care professionals approach the process with expert knowledge, open communication, and a willingness to participate in shared decision-making. Table 2 identifies the major ethical and legal issues of informed consent. Legal precedents and professional collaboration will be necessary to further define and refine informed consent. The complexity of treatment regimens, potential system toxicities, and the chronicity of the disease process have fostered the development of a multidisciplinary team approach to the care of oncology patients. Therefore, collaboration is essential to meet the demands of the informed consent process and provide an optimal environment for the oncology nurse to intervene actively as a patient advocate.
Human dendritic cell subsets in vaccination.

Owing to their properties, dendritic cells (DCs) are often called ‘nature's adjuvants’ and thus have become the natural targets for antigen delivery. DCs provide an essential link between the innate and the adaptive immune responses. DCs are at the center of the immune system owing to their ability to control both tolerance and immunity. DCs are thus key targets for both preventive and therapeutic vaccination. Herein, we will discuss recent progresses in our understanding of DC subsets physiology as it applies to vaccination.
The e292v variant in abca3 is over-represented in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (rds): 166

166 The E292V Variant in ABCA3 is Over-Represented in Newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Testing the Basis for an Automated Design-by-Analogy Tool Through Comparison to Expert Thinking

Our prior work presented a method for computationally structuring patent databases as a basis for an automated design-by-analogy tool. In order to examine the validity and sensibility of the prior work as the basis for a design tool, its output is compared in detail to expert designers’ mental models of the domain being structured, i.e., a set of 45 patents and their inter-relationships. The comparison sought first to gauge the intuitiveness and sensibility of the computational method of structuring to human minds, and further to ascertain whether any differences between the method’s and the experts’ structures indicate potentially novel or surprising ways of approaching the space of patents, or indicate that the output was nonsensical, invalid or needing modification in order to be useable. The results indicate that, when compared to expert thinking, the computationally generated structure is sensible in its clustering of patents and in its organization of these clusters into a structure or space. The results also suggest that the computationally-generated structure represents a version of the patent space upon which experts can find common ground and consensus — making it likely to be intuitive and accessible to a broad cohort of designers. Thus, the prior work which presented a computational method for structuring design databases has been found to offer a resource-efficient way of usefully representing the space that is sensible to expert designers, while still preserving an element of surprise and unexpectedness, making it promising as the basis for a computational design-by-analogy inspiration tool.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Prevalence of Contraindications and Prescription of Pharmacologic Therapies for Gout

Abstract Background Patients with gout have comorbidities, but the impact of these comorbidities on treatment has not been studied. Methods A total of 575 patients with gout were stratified according to certainty of diagnosis according to International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code alone (cohort I), American College of Radiology criteria (cohort II), and crystal diagnosis (cohort III). Comorbid conditions were defined according to International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and stratified as either moderate or severe. Drug contraindications were defined as moderate or strong, based on Food and Drug Administration criteria and severity of disease. Results The most common comorbidity was hypertension (prevalence 0.89). The presence of comorbidities resulted in a high frequency of contraindications to approved gout medications. More than 90% of patients had at least 1 contraindication to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Many patients demonstrated multiple contraindications to 1 or more gout medications. Frequently, patients were prescribed medications to which they harbored contraindications. The prevalence of patients prescribed colchicine despite having at least 1 strong contraindication was 30% (cohort I), 37% (cohort II), and 39.6% (cohort III). Conclusion Patients with gout typically harbor multiple comorbidities that result in contraindications to many of the medications available to treat gout. Frequently, despite contraindications to gout therapies, patients are frequently prescribed these medications.
Biotic resistance to green crab, Carcinus maenas, in California bays

The distribution of the introduced European green crab, Carcinus maenas, was investigated in the central California embayments of Bodega Bay Harbor (BBH), Tomales Bay, and Bolinas Lagoon using baited traps and snorkel surveys. Adult green crabs were very spatially limited in all three embayments and occurred primarily in warm, shallow areas that lacked large native Cancer spp. crabs. The green crabs that were found in closest proximity to populations of Cancer spp. exhibited high levels of limb damage and loss; damage was strongly correlated with low ratios of intertidal area: edge, indicative of narrow areas of intertidal that are more easily accessed by large Cancer spp. moving up to forage during periods of tidal inundation. Up to 70% of the green crabs tethered in areas of BBH that are utilized by Cancer spp. experienced limb loss, while those tethered in the marsh, where there are no Cancer spp., were undamaged. The results suggest that the potential distribution of green crabs in the northeastern Pacific will be far less than has been predicted, and that their impacts may be largely attenuated through predation by and competition with native crab species.
Pulse shape discrimination with lithium-containing organic scintillators

Abstract 6Li-containing organic scintillators have been prepared and characterized as a new type of transparent, single-phase materials with pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties for simultaneous detection of thermal and fast neutrons discriminated from gamma radiation. Tests conducted with recently developed PSD-capable plastic scintillators showed that incorporation of 6Li into the aromatic matrix with fast-neutron/gamma discrimination properties offers the additional sensitivity to thermal neutrons, substantially increasing efficiency and the energy range of neutron detection. Comparative analyses of 6Li-loaded plastic, liquid and single crystal organic scintillators provide evidence that, in addition to neutron/gamma discrimination, these novel materials have the ability for discrimination between the signatures of fast and thermal neutrons.
Physical Observations of 1996 PW and 1997 SE5: Extinct Comets or D-Type Asteroids?

Abstract The minor planets 1996 PW and 1997 SE5 are two of the few known asteroids with orbital elements typical of long-period and Jupiter-family comets and as such represent strong candidates for extinct cometary nuclei. We obtained filter photometry of 1996 PW and filter photometry and medium-resolution CCD spectroscopy of 1997 SE5 during their discovery apparitions. We also observed a suite of D-type asteroids as possible spectral analogs of cometary nuclei. Both 1996 PW and 1997 SE5 have moderately red, featureless spectra typical of the D-type asteroids, cometary nuclei, and other extinct cometary candidates. The photometry for 1997 SE5 was fit by a triple-peaked lightcurve with a period of 9.050±0.005 h and an amplitude of 0.4 magnitude, suggesting a relatively complex and elongated shape. With this work, 1997 SE5 and 1996 PW join the ranks of 3552 Don Quixote and 944 Hildago as established candidates for extinct comet nuclei.
Delays in terminal air traffic control

In this paper delay problems where departure and landing operations are performed on a runway. or within the glide path of a terminal air traffic system are studied. The distribution of delays, the number of delayed aircraft, and the effect of multiple streams feeding the service system are discussed. Delay models include cases where two priority classes are serviced by one runway. The conditions under which the highest priority leads to lowest expected costs or average delays are also discussed. Priorities are established such that aircraft having a service time less than a critical value are placed in the top priority. The analysis extends to more than two priority classes within a stream of landing and departing aircraft. Delay models are discussed which include, in addition to the usual assumptions about service times, the additional features that constant minimum spacings must be maintained between all users of the runway or glide path and that low-priority aircraft are interposed between high-priority aircraft. Delays due to self-clearing rules are discussed; long runs of one type of aircraft follow long runs of another type of aircraft until all queues are completely dissipated.
Natural extensions of holomorphic motions

We consider an arbitrary real analytic family Xz,\(z \in \bar D\), over the closed unit disc\(\bar D\), of real analytic plane Jordan curves Xz. Ifjeiθ,eiθ ∋ ∂D, is an arbitrary real-analytic family of orientation-reversing homeomorphisms of\(\bar {\mathbb{C}}\) fixingXeiθ pointwise, we show that there is a unique holomorphic motion of\(\bar {\mathbb{C}}\) extending the given motion of Jordan curves and consistent with the given family of involutions. If these generalized reflections are defined using the barycentric extension construction of Douady-Earle-Nag, then the resulting extension method for holomorphic motions of X is natural, that is Moebius-invariant and continuous with respect to variation of the given motion of X0.
Do you see what I see? The effect of members cognitive styles on team processes and errors in task execution

This research investigates the effect of members’ cognitive styles on team processes that affect errors in execution tasks. In two laboratory studies, we investigated how a team’s composition (members’ cognitive styles related to object and spatial visualization) affects the team’s strategic focus and strategic consensus, and how those affect the team’s commission of errors. Study 1, conducted with 70 dyads performing a navigation and identification task, established that teams high in spatial visualization are more process-focused than teams high in object visualization. Process focus, which pertains to a team’s attention to the details of conducting a task, is associated with fewer errors. Study 2, conducted with 64 teams performing a building task, established that heterogeneity in cognitive style is negatively associated with the formation of a strategic consensus, which has a direct and mediating relationship with errors.
The role of stimulus-correlated activity in children's recognition of nonsense forms

Abstract Two experiments examined the effect of haptic exploration on visual recognition of nonsense forms by 4- to 7-year old children. In Expt. 1, haptic activity was optional for S. The amount and type of activity was rated. Those Ss who voluntarily produced haptic activity reached criterion in a repeated exposure-test recognition task in fewer trials than Ss who produced no activity. There was a tendency for the effect of haptic activity to decrease with age. In Expt. 2, 4-year olds were trained in haptic exploration and then assigned to predetermined experimental conditions defined by the presence or absence of haptic activity. Again, visual recognition was enhanced by haptic exploration. These experiments are compared with previous studies which failed to demonstrate haptic facilitation of visual recognition, and a theoretical approach to perceptual development consistent with these and other findings is discussed.
Tolerance of dry-sale lily bulbs to elevated carbon dioxide in both ambient and low oxygen atmospheres

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that storage of dry-sale Asiatic hybrid lily bulbs in a 1% O 2 atmosphere can improve quality and shelf-life (22–24 °C) of certain cultivars compared with storage in air, indicating a possible application for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) [Legnani, G., Watkins, C.B., Miller, W.B., 2004a. Low oxygen affects the quality of Asiatic hybrid lily bulbs during dry sale storage and subsequent forcing. Postharv. Biol. Technol. 32, 223–233]. The success of a MAP system would be dependent on the tolerance of lily bulbs to the elevated CO 2 levels that would occur within the MAP; therefore, the effects of warm (22 °C) bulb storage with elevated CO 2 atmospheres (4%, 8%, or 16%) in combination with 1% O 2 or air on growth and development of three cultivars of Asiatic hybrid lily bulbs have been investigated. Elevated CO 2 in combination with 1% O 2 had no effect on shoot elongation prior to transplanting, flower development, and height at flowering of ‘Colosseo’ and ‘Vermeer’ bulbs. Leaf area of ‘Vermeer’ bulbs stored in 1% O 2 was reduced by increasing CO 2 concentrations, but was still greater compared with plants stored in air or 21% O 2 + 16% CO 2 . Elevated CO 2 in combination with 1% O 2 had a beneficial effect on growth and development of ‘Vivaldi’, inhibiting shoot elongation prior to transplanting, increasing flower bud number, height at flowering, and leaf area, while lessening the severity and occurrence of flower abnormalities. Compared with air, storage of bulbs in 21% O 2 + 16% CO 2 showed benefits for all cultivars, inhibiting shoot elongation prior to transplanting and flower bud abortion, while increasing height at flowering and leaf area. Flower bud number was decreased slightly and flowering was delayed by 10–14 days depending on cultivar. Elevated CO 2 did not affect bulb respiration rate but it did increase ethylene production. Possible developmental effects of increased ethylene production under elevated CO 2 are discussed. The data demonstrate that Asiatic hybrid lily bulbs can tolerate the high CO 2 concentration that would occur in a modified atmosphere package (MAP) designed to extend shelf-life by lowering the ambient O 2 concentration.
From Critic to Cheerleader: The Clarifying Example of Benny Morris' ‘Conversion’

Benny Morris attributes his ‘conversion’ to the political events of the year 2000. This article offers an explanation of his conversion that is internal to his work as a historian of the events of 1948. Through the 1990s Morris was faced with overwhelming evidence that made it difficult for him to continue to escape the fundamental insight that a Jewish state could not have been established in Palestine in 1948 without large-scale Palestinian displacement. Once he started taking this insight fully to heart he confronted a stark choice. Either he had to reject the worthiness of the Zionist dream, or he had to find a means of justifying the displacement it necessitated as a lesser evil than the evil of leaving the dream unrealised. His conversion is a coming to terms with this choice. Anyone who is interested in adopting a coherent position towards the establishment of the state of Israel and the Palestinian Nakba is confronted with a similar choice. Morris's pre and post conversion attitudes clarify the tw...
Efficacy of an HIV Testing Campaign's Messages for African American Women

We conducted a Web-based randomized controlled experiment to test the efficacy of the Take Charge. Take the Test. (TCTT) campaign messages. The experiment had two conditions: (a) exposure to campaign messages and (b) no exposure. Participants completed a baseline assessment, exposure condition participants were exposed to campaign materials for 2 weeks, and all participants completed a follow-up survey at 2- and 6-weeks postbaseline. Multivariate results indicate that exposure to TCTT messages was associated with increases in key knowledge items targeted by the campaign, intentions to get tested for HIV, and increases in peer-to-peer communication about getting an HIV test.
Agency Practices Affecting Social Workers Who Treat Substance-Abusing Clients

Abstract This study interviewed 115 MSWs with substance abuse training working in general social service agencies to determine if they viewed their settings as facilitating or hindering their work with substance-abusing clients. This study builds on the work of Lightfoot and Orford (1986) who found that social workers were more hindered than helped by their agencies' practices regarding substance-abusing clients. Results: A majority of workers viewed their agencies as facilitating substance abuse-related work through support from supervisors and administrators, availability of substance abuse training, workers' freedom to choose clients, and opportunities to supervise others on substance abuse-related issues. Supervisor data corroborated these findings. This is a hopeful sign for the profession contrasting with considerable social work literature documenting the profession's historic ambivalence toward substance-abusing clients.