cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the Core and Extended Regulons of Global Transcription Factors

The processes underlying the evolution of regulatory networks are unclear. To address this question, we used a comparative genomics approach that takes advantage of the large number of sequenced bacterial genomes to predict conserved and variable members of transcriptional regulatory networks across phylogenetically related organisms. Specifically, we developed a computational method to predict the conserved regulons of transcription factors across α-proteobacteria. We focused on the CRP/FNR super-family of transcription factors because it contains several well-characterized members, such as FNR, FixK, and DNR. While FNR, FixK, and DNR are each proposed to regulate different aspects of anaerobic metabolism, they are predicted to recognize very similar DNA target sequences, and they occur in various combinations among individual α-proteobacterial species. In this study, the composition of the respective FNR, FixK, or DNR conserved regulons across 87 α-proteobacterial species was predicted by comparing the phylogenetic profiles of the regulators with the profiles of putative target genes. The utility of our predictions was evaluated by experimentally characterizing the FnrL regulon (a FNR-type regulator) in the α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Our results show that this approach correctly predicted many regulon members, provided new insights into the biological functions of the respective regulons for these regulators, and suggested models for the evolution of the corresponding transcriptional networks. Our findings also predict that, at least for the FNR-type regulators, there is a core set of target genes conserved across many species. In addition, the members of the so-called extended regulons for the FNR-type regulators vary even among closely related species, possibly reflecting species-specific adaptation to environmental and other factors. The comparative genomics approach we developed is readily applicable to other regulatory networks.
Sperm Banking for Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients: Sperm Quality, Patient, and Parent Perspectives

Background Infertility is often a complication for adolescent and young adult males who receive cancer therapy, a problem that might be averted through using cryopreserved sperm. We aim to evaluate feasibility of offering newly diagnosed patients the opportunity to bank sperm and, to determine the beliefs and decision-making processes of patients and their parents who considered sperm banking. Procedure Eligible patients and parents were approached and offered sperm cryopreservation. Semen samples from patients who sequentially attempted sperm banking were analyzed. Questionnaires were then administered to patients and parents who had been approached about sperm banking. Results Semen samples from 68 patients were analyzed. Nine patients were azoospermic; all had been pre-treated with chemotherapy. Fifty patients completed the questionnaire. Parent and patient made the decision together to bank 80% of the time. All sons who attempted to bank and their parents felt they had made the right decision, including those who attempted but failed. Conclusions Viable sperm can be collected successfully from adolescent and young adults who are newly diagnosed with cancer. Semen quality was dramatically reduced by one course of gonadotoxic therapy. Parents and patients want information regarding sperm cryopreservation early. Parents appear to play an important role in the decision to sperm bank. We recommend sperm banking be offered to all eligible patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:594–598. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fried Eggs, Thermodynamics, and the Special Sciences

AbstractDavid Lewis ([1986b]) gives an attractive and familiar account of counterfactual dependence in the standard context. This account has recently been subject to a counterexample from Adam Elg...
Influence of Multicultural Singing Games On Primary School Children's Attentiveness and Song Preferences in Music Classes

In this study, eight multicultural songs with varying amounts of movement were taught to one hundred ninety-five 4- to 7-year-olds in a school setting during three weeks of daily music lessons. Thr...
Mechanism of Disulfide Reduction by the Acidophilic Reductase Enzyme GILT

Reduction of disulfide bonds is essential in lysosomal degradation of proteins. When delivered to the lysosomal lumen, proteins are denatured and subsequently proteolyzed. The acidic environment of the lysosome facilitates structural denaturation of the proteins; however, it also disfavors reduction of disulfide bonds by conventional means. Indeed, none of the thioredoxin or glutathione systems that confer reduction in the cytosol show reducing capacity at this low pH, thus necessitating the action of GILT, a newly discovered acidophilic reductase. GILT has optimal reducing capacity around pH 4 and has recently been implicated in a number of immunological processes, including bacterial infection and antigen processing by human immune cells. Still, very little is known today about the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, mainly due to a lack of relevant assays available at acidic pH. We have developed a single-molecule assay using force spectroscopy, which allows us to detect the reduction of single disulfides. The assay uses an Atomic Force Microscope to extend individual substrate proteins containing buried disulfides, thereby exposing the bonds to the solvent. When a disulfide bond is broken through reduction, this reaction is detected as a stepwise extension of the substrate polypeptide. This method enables measurement of reduction rates at a wide range of pH conditions. By altering the conformation of the disulfide through the applied strain on the substrate, we can dissect the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Our results show that the enzymatic activity of GILT decreases as the strain on the substrate is increased. This feature is also seen in the enzyme thioredoxin but not in non-enzymatic reducing agents such as glutathione. These results shed light on the catalytic mechanism of GILT and establish single molecule force spectroscopy as a useful tool for characterizing enzymatic properties.
Precision Optical Testing

Increased performance requirements for modern optical systems have necessitated the development of more precise optical testing techniques. The need for accurate and rapid measurements is being met by the use of laser interferometers, microprocessors to gather test data, and computers to analyze the data and remove errors in the test equipment.
Influence of metal ions on volatile products of pyrolysis of wood

Abstract Volatile products from the pyrolysis of wood have been determined by gas-phase Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, coupled to a thermal balance. Progressive yields of water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, acetic and formic acids and methanol have been determined isothermally at 523 K and at 373–823 K. The influence of the removal of inorganic salts and of ion-exchanged cations on these yields has been studied, as also has the effect of adding back potassium ions and calcium ions by ion exchange. Potassium, but not calcium, acts as a catalyst in pyrolytic reactions resulting in formation of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (especially from polysaccharides), acetic acid (from hemicelluloses), formic acid (from polysaccharides) and methanol (from lignin).
The inverse relationship between cost and survival.

From the Dept. of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and The General Surgical Service of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Present address: Dept. of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, P.O. Box 875, Biscayne Annex, Miami, Florida 33152. Presented at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Association for Academic Surgery, New Orleans, November 24, 1972. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Maureen McGrath, R.N. for her many services in obtaining this data. 1970 in an attempt to evaluate our results and to suggest the direction we should take in the future. This unit was opened in October 1969; during 1970 utilization was gradually increased to the maximum 12 patients. In all, 702 patients were admitted, post operative cardiac surgical patients came directly to the unit from the operating room but the sickest general surgical patients were selected for admission from the 2500 patients per year who received prolonged intensive care in another area (“surgical” recovery room). Cardiac mortality in the unit was 9% whereas general surgical mortality was 50%. In the cardiac patients (Fig. l), 95% were discharged from the unit in less than one week. Mortality in this group was 6%. The pattern of early discharge reflected hospital utiliza-
Efecto crioprotector de maltodextrinas en surimi de jurel (Trachurus murphyi)/Cryoprotective effect of maltodextrins on surimi from jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi):

This research evaluated the cryoprotective effects of 18, 20, 25 and 36 DE (dextrose equivalent) maltodextrins at 8% w/w in surimi from jack mackerel stored at -18 "C for 27 weeks. The results were compared with a commercial mixture (8% sucrose/sorbitol 1:1) and with a control without cryoprotectants. Protein denaturation decreased during frozen storage for all samples tested when compared with the control. Maltodextrins 20 and 25 DE as well as sucrose/sorbitol mixture were the most effective in stabilizing surimi proteins during frozen storage. Myosin peaks enthalpy for surimi with 20 and 25 DE maltodextrins was maintained at the same level as the commercial mixture and significantly higher than that for the control (p << 0.01). Enthalpy for the actin tran sition was not found to vary significantly with treatments or storage time.
Exploring Individual and Organizational Factors Contributing to Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout in Domestic Violence Service Providers

Research on workplace wellness often neglects the role of organizational factors in preventing negative effects and promoting positive outcomes for service providers. Using a person–environment fit model, which highlights compatibility between an individual worker’s characteristics and his or her work environment, we examine key risk and protective factors that might contribute to the well-being of domestic violence services providers. Service providers working in domestic violence agencies completed a Web-based survey measuring their perceptions of organizational factors (e.g., workload, control, reward, community, fairness, organizational values) and outcome variables of provider burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. Individual–organizational mismatch emerges as a significant risk factor for burnout and secondary traumatic stress, both of which are negative outcomes associated with less manageable workloads. Secondary traumatic stress is also associated with providers’ feelin...
Effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve section on the laryngeal muscles of adult rabbits.

Objective To examine the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve section on myonuclear addition and myofiber remodeling in adult rabbit laryngeal muscles. Study design and setting Unilateral section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was performed on adult rabbits. Rabbits were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine, euthanized, and the laryngeal muscles were examined for bromodeoxyuridine (brdU) and neonatal myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression. Results One week after nerve section, brdU-positive myonuclei were significantly increased on the denervated and contralateral sides. Neonatal MyHC expression significantly increased. By 24 weeks, the upregulation of myonuclear addition returned to control levels. Conclusion Laryngeal muscle denervation results in significant upregulation of myonuclear addition. Denervation also resulted in a significant upregulation of neonatal MyHC expression. Significance Laryngeal muscles can be successfully reinnervated after long periods of denervation. This significant and maintained increase in myonuclear addition may contribute to the ability of laryngeal muscles to survive for extended periods following interruption of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Transport and retention in an upwelling region: The role of across-shelf structure

Abstract The paradox of upwelling is the relationship between strong wind forcing, nutrient enrichment, and shelf productivity. Here we investigate how across-shelf structure in velocity and hydrography plays a role in the retention (inshore) and export (offshore) of particles such as nutrients, plankton and larvae. We examine the spatial structure of the coastal currents during wind-driven upwelling and relaxation on the northern Californian Shelf. The field work was conducted as part of the Wind Events and Shelf Transport (WEST) project, a 5-year NSF/CoOP-funded study of the role of wind-driven transport in shelf productivity off Bodega Bay (northern California) from 2000 to 2003. We combine shipboard velocity profiles (ADCP) and water properties from hydrographic surveys during the upwelling season to examine the mean across-shelf structure of the hydrography and velocity fields during three contrasting upwelling seasons, and throughout the upwelling-relaxation cycle. We also present results from two winter seasons that serve as contrast to the upwelling seasons. During all three upwelling seasons clear spatial structure is evident in velocity and hydrography across the shelf, exemplified by current reversals inshore and the presence of a persistent upwelling jet at the shelf break. This jet feature changes in structure and distance from the coast under different wind forcing regimes. The jet also changes from the north of our region, where it is a single narrow jet, adjacent to the coast, and to the south of our region, where it broadens and at times two jets become evident. We present observations of the California Under Current, which was observed at the outer edge of our domain during all three upwelling seasons. The observed across-shelf structure could aid both in the retention of plankton inshore during periods of upwelling followed by relaxation and in the export of plankton offshore in the upwelling jet.
Scents and sensibility: information content of olfactory signals in the ringtailed lemur, Lemur catta

The function of olfactory signalling in social species is less well understood than in asocial species. Consequently, we examined olfactory communication in the ringtailed lemur, a socially complex primate that retains a functional vomeronasal organ, has well-developed scent glands and shows a suite of scent-marking behaviour. To assess the information content of different types of scent gland secretions, we decoupled olfactory cues from the visual and behavioural modalities with which scent marking is normally associated. We presented male and female subjects (signal receivers) with a series of choice tests between odours derived from conspecific donors (signal senders) varying by sex, age, social status and reproductive condition. We additionally examined the influence of the receivers' reproductive state and familiarity with the signaller. The reproductive condition, social status and familiarity of senders and receivers affected signal transmission; specifically, male receivers attended most to the odours of conspecifics in breeding condition and to the odours of familiar, dominant animals. By contrast, females varied their responses according to both their own reproductive state and that of the sender. Based on male and female patterns of countermarking, we suggest that scent marking serves a function in intergroup spacing and intrasexual competition for both sexes, as might be expected in a female-dominant species. By contrast, minimal female interest in male odours counters a female mate choice function for scent marking in this species. Nevertheless, scent marks are critical to male–male competition and, therefore, may be subject to sexual selection.
Limits on the use of Skyrme forces

Abstract Evidence is presented for interpreting Skyrme forces in terms of an expansion of the density matrix rather than as an expansion of the two body effective interaction. The domain of applicability of Skyrme forces is thereby demonstrated to be quite restricted.
Alternative Ways of Measuring Counselees' Jungian Psychological-Type Preferences.

Instruments measuring Carl Jung's (1921/1971) theory of psychological types have been widely used in various counseling contexts, including career counseling, marital and family therapy and team building. The most popular measure of types, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), was developed by Katherine C. Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, but the MBTI has been criticized for (a) dichotomous scoring, (b) forced-choice response formats, and (c) differential gender weighting of item responses. The authors conducted 2 studies (N1 = 207; N2 = 894) exploring the psychometric properties of scores from an alternative measure of types, the Personal Preferences Self-Description Questionnaire (PPSDQ). Results suggest that the PPSDQ may successfully address concerns with alternative measures.
Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Particle

The analytic extension of the Schwarzschild exterior solution is given in a closed form valid throughout empty space-time and possessing no irregularities except that at the origin. The gravitational field of a spherical point particle is then seen not to be invariant under time reversal for any admissible choice of time coordinate. The Schwarzschild surface $r=2m$ is not a singularity but acts as a perfect unidirectional membrane: causal influences can cross it but only in one direction. The apparent violation of the principle of sufficient reason seems similar to that which is associated with instabilities in other nonlinear phenomena.
Comparative analysis of anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: in-hospital outcomes and costs

Background The rate of shoulder arthroplasty has continued to increase at an exponential rate during the past decade in large part owing to approval by the Food and Drug Administration of reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Whereas reverse shoulder arthroplasty has resulted in expanded surgical indications, there are numerous reports of relatively high complication rates. The increased prevalence of both anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty underscores the need to elucidate whether perioperative outcomes are influenced by type of total shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of shoulder arthroplasty type, anatomic or reverse, with respect to perioperative adverse events, in-hospital death, prolonged hospital stay, nonroutine disposition, and hospital charges in a nationally representative sample. Methods By use of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2011, the first year that reverse total shoulder arthroplasty received a unique International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision procedure code, an estimated 51,052 patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty were separated into anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (58%) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (43%). Comparisons of early outcome measures between anatomic and reverse total shoulder cohorts were performed by bivariate and multivariable analyses with logistic regression modeling. Results Compared with anatomic shoulder arthroplasty recipients, patients undergoing reverse shoulder replacement were at higher risk for in-hospital death, multiple perioperative complications, prolonged hospital stay, increased hospital cost, and nonroutine discharge. Conclusion Despite the expanding indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty, it is an independent risk factor for inpatient morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs and should perhaps be offered more judiciously and performed in the hands of appropriately trained shoulder specialists.
Supervisory Machining Control: Design Approach and Experiments

Abstract Monitoring and control of machining systems has been shown to dramatically improve operation productivity and part quality; however, very little attention has been given to the coordination of multiple complex machining modules. The current practice is to design the module coordination and to debug the resulting computer code in an ad hoc manner. In this paper, the concept of supervisory machining control, in the context of machining module regulation, is presented. The structure of, and elements contained in, a supervisory controller are detailed, and a systematic design procedure for constructing these controllers is presented. The design procedure is utilized to construct a supervisory machining controller which is experimentally implemented in a face milling operation.
A note on the empirical nature of the taxpayer rebellion

The most publicized symptom of taxpayer rebellion is the increased failure rate of school bond issues. Of the 1,216 school bond elections during fiscal 1970, only 53.3 percent succeeded, the lowest success ratio in at least a decade. This nationwide trend is particularly evident in West Virginia: in the past three years, 83 percent of all issues have been rejected, yet in the previous seven years only 59 percent failed. Two alternative descriptions of taxpayer rebellion, both national and in West Virginia, have emerged. Pundits frequently suggest that there has been a fundamental structural change in voter behavior. Bond issues apparently fail because people are fed-up with government:
The electroretinogram of the intact anesthetized octopus

Abstract The ERG recorded from the urethanized octopus consisted of a sustained negative wave which resembled somewhat the receptor potential of the arthropods and also the P111 component and the late receptor potential of the vertebrates. Superimposed on the negative wave were fast oscillations whose latency, frequency and modulation varied with stimulus intensity and state of adaptation. There was a smooth increase in sensitivity of 3.5 log units during 60 min of darkness and two-thirds of this was attained in the first 11 min. The flicker fusion frequencies were significantly lower than those of the “fast” eyes of the arthropods and comparable to those of the diurnal vertebrates. Arousal of the lightly anesthetized octopus did not alter the ERG.
Impact of water recycle on water-based processing of Whiterocks tar sand☆

Abstract Water recycle is an essential part of the hot water process for bitumen recovery from tar sands. The current investigation was primarily designed to evaluate the direct recycle of process water after separation of coarse sand particles. Representative Whiterocks tar sand samples were used in all experiments. Tar sand tailings, after bitumen air flotation, were left 10 min for sedimentation, and the supernatant containing 4–5 wt% suspended matter was used in hot water batch experiments with 8 kg tar sand feed. For the processing conditions used (temperature 50–60 °C, pH at digestion
Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis complicated by aortic root abscess, coronary fistula, and mitral valve perforation.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4][![Graphic][5] ][5][![Graphic][6] ][6] A 62-year-old man with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in the setting of previous mechanical aortic valve replacement, coronary artery bypass graft, and multiple
Effect of d-band structure on secondary passivity in Ni-Cu alloys

Abstract Ni-Cu and Ni-Zn-Cu alloys are shown to exhibit a region of secondary as well as primary passivity. Potential decay curves in 1N H2SO4 show discontinuities which average 1.7V in the secondary region for both the alloy series and 0·79V for the Ni-Zn-Cu series and 0.68 to 0.78V for the Ni-Cu series in the primary region. These discontinuities, as well as observed passive c.ds. in both the primary and secondary regions, disappear when the atomic ratio Cu/Ni or (Cu + 2Zn)/Ni exceeds 1·6. The same critical atomic ratio was found previously for solid solution Ni-Al-Cu alloys. It appears plausible that at the atomic ratio 1·6, the d-band of electronic energy levels is just filled by one donor electron per Cu atom, 2 per Zn atom or 3 per Al atom. An unfilled d-band favours chemisorption of oxygen of less than monolayer to multilayer dimensions; the corresponding adsorbed film is considered to be the passive film. It functions not as a diffusion barrier, but to increase over-voltage for anodic dissolution. The film corresponding to secondary passivity is thicker than the primary film, and is also considered to have an adsorbed structure, decomposing to the primary passive film which in turn decomposes at the Flade potential.
Sol−Gel Open Tubular ODS Columns with Reversed Electroosmotic Flow for Capillary Electrochromatography

Sol−gel chemistry was successfully used for the fabrication of open tubular columns with surface-bonded octadecylsilane (ODS) stationary-phase coating for capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). Following column preparations, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the performance of the sol−gel coated ODS columns in OT-CEC. The incorporation of N-octadecyldimethyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride as one of the sol−gel precursors played an important role in the electrochromatographic performance of the prepared columns. This chemical reagent possesses a chromatographically favorable, bonded ODS moiety, in conjunction with three methoxy groups allowing for sol−gel reactivity. In addition, a positively charged nitrogen atom is present in the molecular structure of this reagent and provides a positively charged capillary surface responsible for the reversed electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the columns during CEC operation. Comparative studies involving the EOF within such sol−gel ODS c...
A simulation model for evaluation centralized vs. distributed inventory systems

Abstract This paper investigates an inventory problem encountered by the retail industry where a single organization operates through several customer outlets. Each outlet stocks several items for which a random demand reduces the level of inventory. The demand is dependent on the location of the outlet and varies from one location to another. Each item is replenished from one or more exogenous suppliers who have a positive delivery lead time. The ordering cost has both fixed and linear components. The items also have linear holding and shortage costs charged at the end of the review period. Inventories of the items are reviewed periodically and ordering decisions taken.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis.

Objectives. —To identify factors associated with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to examine the incidence of VAP in different intensive care unit (ICU) populations. Design. —An inception cohort study. Setting. —Barnes Hospital, St Louis, Mo, an academic tertiary care center. Patients or Other Participants. —A total of 277 consecutive patients required mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 hours from a medical ICU (75 patients), surgical ICU (100 patients), or cardiothoracic ICU (102 patients). Interventions. —Prospective patient surveillance and data collection. Main Outcome Measures. —Ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU mortality. Results. —Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 43 patients (15.5%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified four factors to be independently associated with VAP (P Conclusions. —These data suggest potential interventions that might affect the incidence of VAP or outcome associated with VAP. Additionally, they indicate that different ICU populations may have different incidences of VAP. (JAMA. 1993;270:1965-1970)
Favorable clinical responses in subsets of patients from a randomized, multi-institutional melanoma vaccine trial

Background: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, multi-institutional trial was performed evaluating active specific immunotherapy using vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (VMO) in the surgical adjuvant setting in patients with stage II melanoma (UICC staging). The first interim analysis showed no significant difference in disease-free and overall survival. The data were further analyzed to identify subsets of patients with improved outcome when treated with VMO.
T cell receptor triggering by force.

Antigen recognition through the interaction between the T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide presented by major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) is the first step in T cell-mediated immune responses. How this interaction triggers TCR signalling that leads to T cell activation is still unclear. Taking into account the mechanical stress exerted on the pMHC–TCR interaction at the dynamic interface between T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), we propose the so-called receptor deformation model of TCR triggering. In this model, TCR conformational change induced by mechanical forces initiates TCR signalling. The receptor deformation model, for the first time, explains all three aspects of the TCR triggering puzzle: mechanism, specificity, and sensitivity.
Flaccid Quadriplegia Due to Thyrotoxic Myopathy

Background Acute flaccid paralysis is an important clinical problem in neurological critical care. After implementing lifesupporting measures, it is imperative to identify the correct diagnosis to provide timely appropriate care. Thyrotoxicosis is a recognized cause of myopathy, but rarely of quadriplegia. Here, we report a case of hyperthyroidism with severe weakness. Methods Case report and video demonstration of clinical examination. Results We describe a case of a 59-year-old woman with Grave’s disease who presented to the hospital with progressive shortness of breath secondary to atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Following contrast administration, she had a pulseless electrical activity arrest from which she recovered without cognitive sequelae, but with flaccid quadriplegia, facial diplegia, and hypophonia. CK was mildly elevated and electrolytes were essentially normal. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography demonstrated features supporting an acute myopathy without evidence of neuromuscular junction conduction abnormality. Conclusions Normalization of thyroid hormones resulted in slow, but steady improvement over months after which she regained ambulation. Acute flaccid quadriplegia can result from thyrotoxicosis. With normalization of thyroid function, recovery can be expected.
The Kostant cone and the combinatorial structure of the root lattice

Let R be an irreducible root system with base B, weight lattice ,4, fundamental dominant weights D with respect to B, dominant weights /i + with respect to D, root lattice A,, and A,? the nonnegative integral sums of members of B. Then /i,’ C$ /i +, but A, c A. Let Z, be the nonnegative integers. Let x E AT. Then x has coordinates in Z; as a root sum with respect to B, and coordinates in Z” as a weight with respect to D. The difference of these coordinates y, in Z”, plays a key role in the study of Kostant’s partition function, the deeper combinatorial study, now required in various areas of mathematics and physics, of the representation theory of complex semisimple Lie algebras, and the modular version of this representation theory. If YEZ”,, i.e., with all nonnegative entries, then x is a sum of positive nonsimple roots, a member of the Kostant cone of A,?, so called because all the calculations of Kostant’s partition function, P, in A,? can be done in the Kostant cone, by means of an easy operator, s, on A,?, defined in terms of y. If y E z; , but with all strictly positive entries, then x is in the interior of the Kostant cone; otherwise it is on the boundary. For xE,4,f, let E+(x) be a realization of the partition function, i.e., the set of all expressions of x as a sum of positive roots. The coordinates of any such expression would be in Zy , where m is the number of positive roots of R. This E+(x) is rich in combinatorial structure, most notably i-blocks and zero blocks. The jth i-block of E+(x) is the set of expressions in E+(x) whose coefficient of the simple root ai is exactly j. The relations between the i-blocks inside of E+(x), using y, correspond to the relations between certain weight spaces in irreducible modules. Also, y provides the entering wedge into the crucial lowest i-blocks. The zero block of E+(x) is the intersection, over i, of all the zeroth i-blocks of E+(x), i.e., the expressions in 81 0021-8693/89 $3.00
Organics in the water column of Llake Pontchartrain

Abstract A study was conducted to quantitatively screen the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal of Lake Pontchartrain for the presence of EPA priority pollutants and any other pollutants detected in significant concentration. Water column samples were collected at different depths and on the flood and ebb tides. Compounds identified include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phthlates, phenols, alcohols, amines, pesticides, herbicides, aldehydes, quinolines, fatty acids, carboxylic acids. These compounds were detected at the parts-per-trillion level. The concentrations of the individual organics detected on the flood and ebb tides were not significantly different. The data derived from samples taken at two different depths suggest that the distribution of organics in the water column was homogeneous.
A high-level ab initio and density functional investigation of cyclopropenyl anion and its mono-, di-, and trisubstituted derivatives

High-level ab initio and density functional theory calculations were carried out on cyclopropenyl anion (1) and related species. The parent c-C3H3- ion is predicted to be unstable with respect to electron loss whereas its cyano-substituted derivatives are attractive synthetic targets. MCSCF structures for singlet and triplet cyclopropenyl anion are reported and contrasted to the results obtained from more modest computations. Energetic quantities for 1 were computed including its proton affinity, destabilization energy, singlet−triplet gap, electron binding energy, and ring-opening isomerization energy. The allylic C−H bond strength for cyclopropene also is given. Mono-, di-, and tricyanocyclopropenyl anions were investigated too, and their conjugate acids have lower pKa's than cyclopropene by up to 70.4 kcal/mol or 52 pKa units.
Localized Corrosion Behavior of Nickel Alloys in Model SO2 Scrubber Environments

Abstract Nickel-base alloys and austenitic stainless steels (SSs) have been evaluated in a working model limestone flue gas desulfurization system previously described in the literature. Corrosion in the absorber and outlet duct zones was characterized in terms of environmental effects on localized corrosion propagation of each alloy. Increasing environmental chloride and/or fluoride contents produced a more severe environment, even in the presence of flyash. Crevice pits, which initiated in 30 days, failed to propagate with additional exposure to 90 days; however, the degree of initiation increased.
Digital Credibility & Digital Dynamism in Public Relations Blogs

The authors performed a content analysis of 50 blogs related to public relations. The study extended the literature on credibility to investigate visual credibility and technical credibility. Of particular interest was the dimension of dynamism. The results showed that visual credibility and technical credibility were strongly related. In addition, visual dynamism contributed 30% of the variance in visual credibility and technical dynamism explained 46% of the variance in technical credibility. Seven interactive features such as number of links, five customization features like RSS feeds, and six visual features like moving images were also investigated for their associations with visual and technical dynamism and credibility. A proposed model for scholars and practitioners is presented.
Geodesic estimation for large deformation anatomical shape averaging and interpolation

The goal of this research is to promote variational methods for anatomical averaging that operate within the space of the underlying image registration problem. This approach is effective when using the large deformation viscous framework, where linear averaging is not valid, or in the elastic case. The theory behind this novel atlas building algorithm is similar to the traditional pairwise registration problem, but with single image forces replaced by average forces. These group forces drive an average transport ordinary differential equation allowing one to estimate the geodesic that moves an image toward the mean shape configuration. This model gives large deformation atlases that are optimal with respect to the shape manifold as defined by the data and the image registration assumptions. We use the techniques in the large deformation context here, but they also pertain to small deformation atlas construction. Furthermore, a natural, inherently inverse consistent image registration is gained for free, as is a tool for constant arc length geodesic shape interpolation. The geodesic atlas creation algorithm is quantitatively compared to the Euclidean anatomical average to elucidate the need for optimized atlases. The procedures generate improved average representations of highly variable anatomy from distinct populations.
Use of eculizumab and plasma exchange in successful combined liver-kidney transplantation in a case of atypical HUS associated with complement factor H mutation

Background Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) evolves into end-stage renal failure in nearly half of affected patients and is associated with defective regulation of the alternative complement pathway. Patients with a complement factor H (CFH) mutation have a 30–100% risk of graft loss due to aHUS recurrence or graft thrombosis. Since CFH is produced predominantly by the liver, combined liver–kidney transplant is a curative treatment option. One major unexpected risk includes liver failure secondary to uncontrolled complement activation. We report a successful combined liver–kidney transplantation with perioperative plasma exchange and use of the humanized anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab.
Outcomes and resource utilization for newborns with major congenital malformations: the initial NICU admission.

HYPOTHESIS: Newborns with major congenital malformations (MCM) have contributed to a significant proportion of resource utilization in a regional referral neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). SETTING: The Children’s Hospital Medical Center NICU, Cincinnati, OH. SUBJECTS: Newborns with and without MCM admitted from August 1, 1993 through July 31, 1994. Total patients studied were 572; 147 with and 385 without MCM. No intervention was performed in this observational study. STATISTICS: Statistics were t test, chi-squared, and rank sum analysis. RESULTS: MCM accounted for 27.6% of NICU referrals, 32.4% of total NICU days, and 39.6% of NICU costs. Both median cost per patient and length of stay were significantly (p < 0.01) higher for patients with MCM than those without MCM. Surgery was more frequent in MCM than non-MCM cases. Thirty-three percent of the newborns with MCM received ongoing medical support at discharge. CONCLUSION: Patients with MCM remain as one of the largest and costliest groups hospitalized in a referral NICU.
Instabilities in the Edwards-Anderson ground state for a spin glass

Abstract A theory of magnons has been constructed for the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass ground state. Instabilities are indicated by imaginary magnon energies. One potential instability is associated with the sign of the anisotropy energy and the other with the functional dependence of the spin-spin interactions.
Exposure to chronic stress downregulates corticosterone responses to acute stressors

We used captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test whether corticosterone responses differed in birds held under normal laboratory conditions or conditions of chronic stress. Surprisingly, both basal corticosterone concentrations and corticosterone responses to acute stress were significantly reduced when birds were chronically stressed. To determine the mechanism underlying this reduced response, animals under both conditions were injected with lactated Ringer's solution (control), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), arginine vasotocin (AVT), or dexamethasone (DEX). ACTH increased corticosterone concentrations above stress-induced levels in both cases, although maximum responses were lower in chronically stressed birds. AVT did not augment the corticosterone response under nonchronically stressed conditions, but it did under chronically stressed conditions. DEX reduced maximal corticosterone concentrations in both cases. Neither ovine nor rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) altered normal stress responses. These data indicate that changes in responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to ACTH and AVT serve to downregulate corticosterone responses during chronic stress. Furthermore, these data lead to the following hypothesis: ACTH output from the pituitary limits maximum corticosterone concentrations under normal conditions, but reduced AVT release from the hypothalamus regulates lower corticosterone concentrations under chronic stress conditions.
Cell Surface Protein of Pseudomonas (Hydrogenomonas) facilis

Intact cells of Pseudomonas facilis contain one major molecular weight class of protein that is exposed at the cell surface as revealed by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination with 125 I. All molecular weight classes of protein in derived cell envelope preparations are apparently saturated by iodination by lactoperoxidase after prolonged sonic treatment. The molecular weight of the predominantly exposed protein in intact cells is approximately 16,000, which is the minimal molecular weight of a cell envelope protein that precipitates as a complex with phospholipid from extracts of P. facilis . The isolation of labeled phospholipoprotein (PLP) after labeling intact cells with 125 I corroborates previous experiments which suggested a surface location for the protein portion of the phospholipoprotein (P PLP ). Solvent extraction of cells and immunological evidence, including studies with ferritin-coupled antibodies, indicate that P PLP is located at the cell surface and may also be within the cell envelope. These experiments suggest that P PLP is the major cell surface protein in P. facilis . Images
Pressure broadening of the 118.455 cm−1 rotational lines of OH by H2, He, N2, and O2

Tunable far-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure pressure broadening of the 118.455/cm rotational lines of OH by H2, He, N2, and O2. Broadening coefficients of H2 and He were measured for the temperature range of 296 to 80 K, and N2 and O2 broadening coefficients were measured for the 296-210 K temperature range.
Challenges in post-silicon validation of high-speed I/O links

There are increasingly number of analog/mixed-signal circuits in microprocessors and SOCs. A significant portion of mixed-signal circuits are high-speed I/O links, including serial buses such as PCIE and parallel buses such as DDR. Post-silicon validation of I/O links is hard and time-consuming, and can be critical for making a product release qualification decision. In this paper, we try to summarize key challenges in post-silicon I/O validation. We discuss potential research directions and potential solutions to improve efficiency and quality of I/O validation.
Relearning attenuates the benefits and costs of spacing.

The literature on spacing effects is vast, but no prior research has examined the effects of initial spacing when students learn to criterion and then subsequently relearn items. In addition, minimal research has evaluated the costs associated with spaced practice as well as the benefits. Accordingly, in the current research, we examined the benefits and costs of initial spacing using Bahrick’s (1979) method of successive relearning. Across 3 experiments, 567 students practiced key term definitions via test–restudy practice until items were correctly recalled 1 or 3 times during initial learning. Practice trials during initial learning were either massed or spaced (including relatively longer lags in all experiments as well as intermediate lags in Experiment 1). All students then relearned items in 2–3 subsequent relearning sessions (across experiments, almost 40,000 short-answer recall responses were collected and hand scored). The benefits of initial spacing were measured by interim cued recall tests and a final test administered days or weeks after relearning, and costs were measured by total practice time across sessions. A consistent qualitative pattern emerged: The benefits of initial spacing were substantial prior to relearning but were significantly attenuated after relearning. Moreover, the costs associated with achieving criterion via spaced practice during initial learning were also substantially attenuated by faster relearning in subsequent sessions.
Quantum Field Theories in the Infinite-Momentum Frame. I. Quantization of Scalar and Dirac Fields

Renormalizable coupled scalar and Dirac field theories are quantized in equal-${x}^{+}$ surfaces (called light fronts). Schwinger's action principle is employed to deduce the correct canonical equal-${x}^{+}$ (anti-) commutation relations. These theories are shown to be Lorentz-invariant. Generalized Schwinger conditions for a quantum field theory to be Lorentz-invariant are given and discussed in an appendix. Spectral sum rules are derived. Leading singularities of Green's functions and products of field operators near the light cone are studied and the implications to current algebra sum rules are discussed. We also discuss some of the delicate features of the light-front formulation.
Gel Properties of Surimi from Pacific Herring

Surimi produced from male Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi), a by-product of the roe fishery, formed gels comparable to those formed by lower-grade pollock surimi but were darker in color. Linear relationships were found between moisture content of surimi and punch force, torsion stress, torsion strain, and compression force at failure. Addition of dried beef plasma, egg white, whey protein, wheat gluten or potato inhibitor resulted in stronger gels, although no proteolysis was detected in a control sample. Low-temperature setting, or heating at 40°C prior to cooking at 90°C, resulted in stronger gels, as measured by punch test.
Reversible Multivalent (Monovalent, Divalent, Trivalent) Ion Insertion in Open Framework Materials

The reversible electrochemical insertion of multivalent ions into materials has promising applications in many fields, including batteries, seawater desalination, element purification, and wastewater treatment. However, finding materials that allow for the insertion of multivalent ions with fast kinetics and stable cycling has proven difficult because of strong electrostatic interactions between the highly charged insertion ions and atoms in the host framework. Here, an open framework nanomaterial, copper hexacyanoferrate, in the Prussian Blue family is presented that allows for the reversible insertion of a wide variety of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent ions (such as Rb+, Pb2+, Al3+, and Y3+) in aqueous solution beyond that achieved in previous studies. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate the unprecedented kinetics of multivalent ion insertion associated with this material. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments point toward a novel vacancy-mediated ion insertion mechanism that reduces electrostatic repulsion and helps to facilitate the observed rapid ion insertion. The results suggest a new approach to multi­valent ion insertion that may help to advance the understanding of this complex phenomenon.