cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meiotic chromosome segregation mutants identified by insertional mutagenesis of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe; tandem-repeat, single-site integrations

Identification of genes required for segregation of chromosomes in meiosis (scm) is difficult because in most organisms high-fidelity chromosome segregation is essential to produce viable meiotic products. The biology of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe facilitates identification of such genes. Insertional mutagenesis was achieved by electroporation of linear ura4+ DNA into cells harboring a ura4 deletion. Approximately 1000 stable transformants were screened individually for the production of elevated frequencies of aneuploid spore colonies. Twenty-two candidates were subjected to a secondary screen for cytological defects. Five mutants exhibited significant levels of aberrant meiotic chromosome segregation, but were proficient for mating and completion of meiosis. Each mutant's phenotype cosegregated with its respective ura4+ transgene. The mutations were recessive and defined five complementation groups, revealing five distinct genes (scm1, scm2, scm3, scm4 and scm5). Southern blotting revealed single-site integration in each transformant, indicating that insertional mutagenesis is useful for generating single-locus scm mutations linked to a selectable marker. The transgene insertion points were refractory to analysis by inverse-PCR. Molecular and real-time PCR analyses revealed the presence of multiple, truncated copies of ura4+ at each integration site. Thus, electroporation-mediated insertional mutagenesis in S.pombe is preceded by exonucleolytic processing and concatomerization of the transforming DNA.
THE LETHAL IMPACT OF ROUNDUP ON AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL AMPHIBIANS

The global decline in amphibian diversity has become an international en- vironmental problem with a multitude of possible causes. There is evidence that pesticides may play a role, yet few pesticides have been tested on amphibians. For example, Roundup is a globally common herbicide that is conventionally thought to be nonlethal to amphibians. However, Roundup has been tested on few amphibian species, with existing tests conducted mostly under laboratory conditions and on larval amphibians. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that Roundup may be highly lethal to North American tadpoles, but we need to determine whether this effect occurs under more natural conditions and in post-meta- morphic amphibians. I assembled communities of three species of North American tadpoles in outdoor pond mesocosms that contained different types of soil (which can absorb the pesticide) and applied Roundup as a direct overspray. After three weeks, Roundup killed 96-100% of larval amphibians (regardless of soil presence). I then exposed three species of juvenile (post-metamorphic) anurans to a direct overspray of Roundup in laboratory containers. After one day, Roundup killed 68-86% of juvenile amphibians. These results suggest that Roundup, a compound designed to kill plants, can cause extremely high rates of mortality to amphibians that could lead to population declines.
Uses and Effects of Mobile Computing Devices in K–8 Classrooms

AbstractThis preliminary study employed mixed methodologies to explore students’ use of mobile computing devices and its effects on their motivation to learn, engagement in learning activities, and support for learning processes. Data collected from students in four elementary and two seventh grade science classes in Northeast Ohio included usage logs, student work samples, student and teacher interviews, and classroom observations. Findings highlight the personalization of learning afforded by such devices both in terms of individuals and individual classroom cultures, as well as their usefulness in extending learning beyond the classroom. They also suggest that increased motivation due to mobile device use leads to increases in the quality and quantity of student work.
A linear cochlear model with active bi-directional coupling

We present a linear active cochlear model that includes the outer hair cell (OHC) forces, which are delivered onto upstream and downstream basilar membrane (BM) segments through Deiters' cells (DCs) and their phalangeal processes (PhPs). Due to the longitudinal tilt of the OHC towards the base and the oblique orientation of the PhP towards the apex, each BM segment receives both feed-forward and feed-backward OHC forces. Transverse BM fibers are actively coupled longitudinally through these bi-directional OHC forces, included in a cochlear model for the first time. We present simulation results that demonstrate large amplification and sharp tuning, and we analyze the underlying mechanism.
Computational Image Analysis Reveals Intrinsic Multigenerational Differences between Anterior and Posterior Cerebral Cortex Neural Progenitor Cells

Time-lapse microscopy can capture patterns of development through multiple divisions for an entire clone of proliferating cells. Images are taken every few minutes over many days, generating data too vast to process completely by hand. Computational analysis of this data can benefit from occasional human guidance. Here we combine improved automated algorithms with minimized human validation to produce fully corrected segmentation, tracking, and lineaging results with dramatic reduction in effort. A web-based viewer provides access to data and results. The improved approach allows efficient analysis of large numbers of clones. Using this method, we studied populations of progenitor cells derived from the anterior and posterior embryonic mouse cerebral cortex, each growing in a standardized culture environment. Progenitors from the anterior cortex were smaller, less motile, and produced smaller clones compared to those from the posterior cortex, demonstrating cell-intrinsic differences that may contribute to the areal organization of the cerebral cortex.
A process model for nonisothermal photopolymerization with a laser light source. I: Basic model development

A mathematical model for a laser-induced photopolymerization process has been developed. This model simulates important aspects of stereolithography, a rapid prototyping process used for the production of three-dimensional plastic parts. The model consists of a set of coupled partial differential equations and considers irradiation, chemical reaction, and heat transfer in a small zone of material exposed to a stationary UV laser source. Numerical techniques are used for an appropriate solution of the model equations, and the output includes spatial and temporal variations in the conversion of monomer to polymer, depletion of photoinitiator, and local variations of temperature in and around the region contacted by the laser light. Maximum conversions of approximately 60% and peak temperature rises of approximately 35 o C were calculated for the cylindrical exposed region. Results have provided insights concerning laser dwell time, depth penetration, and the uniformity of polymer formed during the stereolithography process
Management of Daylily Rust with Different Fungicide Combinations and Spray Intervals

Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) is a popular herbaceous perennial plant and was considered to be relatively disease free until 2000, when daylily rust, caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis, was first detected in the United States. Management of daylily rust in nurseries is dependent on the use of fungicides, which are typically applied to the foliage of large blocks of plants at 21- or 28-day intervals. The objectives of this study were to determine the most effective fungicides or fungicide combinations and application intervals for managing daylily rust in the field. Foliar sprays of azoxystrobin alone at 14-, 21-, or 28-day intervals, combinations of azoxystrobin + propiconazole, azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil, propiconazole + chlorothalonil, and chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl applied at intervals of 21or 28 days, and a nontreated control were evaluated under high disease pressure, at three locations in Griffin, GA in 2014. In all three fields, all treatments that included azoxystrobin were effective at r...
Chicken filensin: a lens fiber cell protein that exhibits sequence similarity to intermediate filament proteins.

Filensin, a 100 kDa, membrane-associated, cytoskeletal protein, is uniquely expressed in the lens fiber cell (Merdes, A., Brunkener, M., Horstmann, H., and Georgatos, S. D. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 115, 397–410). I cloned and sequenced a full-length chicken lens cDNA encoding filensin, also known as CP95 (Ireland, M. and Maisel, H. (1989) Lens and Eye Toxicity Research 6, 623–638). The deduced amino acid sequence of 657 residues contained an internal 280 residue heptad repeat domain with sequence similarities to the rod domain of intermediate filament proteins. The putative filensin rod domain could be divided into three alpha-helical segments (1A, 1B and 2) separated by short, non-helical linkers. The sequence of the amino-terminal end of the filensin rod domain contained the highly conserved intermediate filament segment 1A motif (Conway, J. F. and Parry, D. A. D. (1988) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 10, 79–98). Allowing conservative amino acid substitutions, the sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of the filensin rod domain was similar to that of the highly conserved intermediate filament rod carboxy terminus. The alpha-helical segments of the shorter filensin rod domain aligned with the corresponding segments of intermediate filament proteins by allowing a gap of four heptad repeats in the amino-terminal half of filensin segment 2. Filensin rod segment 2 contained the characteristic stutter in heptad repeat phasing, nine heptads from the end of the intermediate filament rod. The overall sequence identity between the rod domains of filensin and individual intermediate filament proteins was 20 to 25%, approximately the level of sequence identity observed between intermediate filament proteins of different types. The open reading frame of chicken filensin predicted a 657 amino acid protein with molecular mass of 76 kDa. Embryonic chicken filensin migrated in SDS-PAGE as a triplet of 102, 105 and 109 kDa, while rooster filensin migrated as a 105 and 109 kDa doublet. Antibodies to filensin labeled lens fiber cells but not lens epithelial cells. By immunofluorescence methods filensin was localized to the fiber cell plasma membranes, including the ends of elongated fiber cells.
Imaging in blunt cardiac injury: Computed tomographic findings in cardiac contusion and associated injuries.

Abstract Background Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) may manifest as cardiac contusion or, more rarely, as pericardial or myocardial rupture. Computed tomography (CT) is performed in the vast majority of blunt trauma patients, but the imaging features of cardiac contusion are not well described. Purpose To evaluate CT findings and associated injuries in patients with clinically diagnosed BCI. Materials and methods We identified 42 patients with blunt cardiac injury from our institution's electronic medical record. Clinical parameters, echocardiography results, and laboratory tests were recorded. Two blinded reviewers analyzed chest CTs performed in these patients for myocardial hypoenhancement and associated injuries. Results CT findings of severe thoracic trauma are commonly present in patients with severe BCI; 82% of patients with ECG, cardiac enzyme, and echocardiographic evidence of BCI had abnormalities of the heart or pericardium on CT; 73% had anterior rib fractures, and 64% had pulmonary contusions. Sternal fractures were only seen in 36% of such patients. However, myocardial hypoenhancement on CT is poorly sensitive for those patients with cardiac contusion: 0% of right ventricular contusions and 22% of left ventricular contusions seen on echocardiography were identified on CT. Conclusion CT signs of severe thoracic trauma are frequently present in patients with severe BCI and should be regarded as indirect evidence of potential BCI. Direct CT findings of myocardial contusion, i.e. myocardial hypoenhancement, are poorly sensitive and should not be used as a screening tool. However, some left ventricular contusions can be seen on CT, and these patients could undergo echocardiography or cardiac MRI to evaluate for wall motion abnormalities.
Curatorial Reflections on Print Rooms and Libraries

The general relationship between libraries and museums is simply too broad a subject for me to wrestle with, although I am very glad that Gerald Beasley in his article in this issue has done such an excellent job of it. I intend, therefore, to focus on something more immediately relevant to my position, namely the relationship between libraries and museum collections of prints, or print rooms. That relationship, as you might expect, is a very close one. Whatever else libraries may collect—from musical instruments to eyeglasses to stuffed animals to other artifacts—and whatever else print rooms may have . . .
Inclusion in Italian School: Mutual Perception of Italian and Foreign Students

This article is about dynamics of inclusion and reciprocal perception among Italian and foreign students, a particularly relevant topic in Italy. In Italy, in fact, proportion of foreign students has increased much in last 15 years, from 0,7% to 7,9% of the total number of students. The increased presence of migrant students in the schools of our country has strongly raised the issue of the importance of observing and studying the coexistence of Italian and foreigners, mainly from social and psychological points of view. The study focuses on psychology of coexistence, analyzing perceptions owned by Italian and foreign students about mutual presence: is students’ estimate of number of students from other Countries (Italy included) correct? Which characteristics correlate with wrong estimates (by shortcoming or excess)? The context in which the research has been carried out was the Junior High School, both because School is a sort of laboratory for studying dynamics of coexistence inasmuch it represents a well-defined and scaled-down setting compared to social context as a whole and because this way it is possible to prevent since later, in the education, conflicts tend to emerge.
Preparation and characterization of Ni(111)/graphene/Y2O3(111) heterostructures

Integration of graphene with other materials by direct growth, i.e., not using mechanical transfer procedures, is investigated on the example of metal/graphene/dielectric heterostructures. Such structures may become useful in spintronics applications using graphene as a spin-filter. Here, we systematically discuss the optimization of synthesis procedures for every layer of the heterostructure and characterize the material by imaging and diffraction methods. 300 nm thick contiguous (111) Ni-films are grown by physical vapor deposition on YSZ(111) or Al2O3(0001) substrates. Subsequently, chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) is compared to tube-furnace synthesis. Only under UHV conditions, monolayer graphene in registry with Ni(111) has been obtained. In the tube furnace, mono- and bilayer graphene is obtained at growth temperatures of ∼800 °C, while at 900 °C, non-uniform thick graphene multilayers are formed. Y2O3 films grown by reactive molecular beam epitaxy in UHV covers the graphene/Ni(111) surface uniformly. Annealing to 500 °C results in crystallization of the yttria with a (111) surface orientation.
Filing and Precoordination: How Subject Headings Are Displayed in Online Catalogs and Why It Matters

SUMMARY Library of Congress Subject Headings retrieved as the results of a search in an online catalog are likely to be filed in straight alphabetical, word-by-word order, ignoring the semantic structures of these headings and scattering headings of a similar type. This practice makes LC headings unnecessarily difficult to use and negates much of their indexing power. Enthusiasm for filing simplicity and postcoordinate indexing are likely contributing factors to this phenomenon. Since the report Headings for Tomorrow (1992) first raised this issue, filing practices favoring postcoordination over precoordination appear to have become more widespread and more entrenched.
Disclosure of Fertility-Related Negative Emotions: Supports Utilized and Relationships to Resilience, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Infertility-Specific Distress in Women Seeking Medical Interventions

Context: For many chronic medical conditions, social support yields positive outcomes. However, in cases of infertility, interactions have the potential to be experienced as painful and increase the likelihood of interpersonal withdrawal. Objective: To study the extent fertility-treatment seeking women disclose negative fertility-related emotions, particular relationships utilized, and the relationship between disclosure and well-being. Design: Participants completed a questionnaire following enrollment in fertility clinics. Setting: Fertility specialty clinics. Patient(s): Women presenting for medical assessment and treatment of infertility (n=42). Intervention(s): Female clinic attendees were asked to participate. Main outcome measure(s): Depression, general stress, and fertility-related distress were evaluated with established measures. An evaluation of fertility-related social support utilization was developed for this research. Result(s): Relationships between positive well-being, pathology, and disclosure of negative emotions were noted, yet varied markedly by the specific social supports utilized. Withholding of negative emotions was associated with adverse psychological health for some variables assessed. Disclosure to other individuals with fertility concerns (i.e., spouse/partner, infertile peer) was high, but only associated with lowered relationship concerns and greater spiritual resilience with spouses/partners. Utilization of certain supports did not evidence any associations with mental health and, very rarely, utilization of specific supports was associated with adverse functioning. Conclusion(s): Similarities and salient differences were noted between this study and other research evaluating perceived social support or disclosure of infertility generically defined. Engagement with particular social resources and disclosure of the emotional context of infertility may be markedly beneficial for reducing stress and improving well-being and warrant further longitudinal study.
Volatility of Organic Molecular Markers Used for Source Apportionment Analysis: Measurements and Implications for Atmospheric Lifetime

Molecular markers are organic species used to define fingerprints for source apportionment of ambient fine particulate matter. Traditionally, these markers have been assumed to be stable in the atmosphere. This work investigates the gas-particle partitioning of eight organic species used as molecular markers in receptor models for biomass burning (levoglucosan), motor vehicles (5α-cholestane, n-hexacosane, n-triacontane, 1,2-benz[a]anthracene, coronene), and meat cooking (cholesterol, oleic acid). Experiments were conducted using a thermodenuder to measure the evaporation of single component particles. The data were analyzed using the integrated volume method to determine saturation concentrations and enthalpies of vaporization for each compound. The results indicate that appreciable quantities (>10%) of most of these markers exist in the gas phase under typical atmospheric conditions. Therefore, these species should be considered semivolatile. Predictions from a chemical kinetics model indicate that gas-...
The New Wave, the Old Guard, and the Bank Committee: William J. Grede at J. I. Case Company, 1953–1961

J. I. Case Company in the late 1950s and early 1960s was a long-established business faced with the challenge of rapid technological and market change in the agricultural equipment industry. The contrasting styles and policies of Marc B. Rojtman and William J. Grede, Case's two presidents during this period, represented the management tension between the desire for radical experiment and the hope of maintaining the Case traditions of quality and character. Professor Miner's study, based on interviews and on Grede's extensive papers, concentrates on Grede as director and as president. It illuminates the impact of personality on management and illustrates the complexities of adapting an old company to a new industrial world.
Active immunization of prepubertal colts against estrogens: hormonal and testicular responses after puberty.

Prepubertal Quarter horse colts were immunized at 6 mo of age with either estrone-17-oxime-bovine serum albumin (n = 4; treated) or with albumin only (n = 5; controls). All colts received booster injections of the appropriate antigen at 8, 10, 12, 16 and 20 mo of age. Blood samples were drawn every 20 d from 6 to 26 mo of age; body weights were determined monthly. Immunization against estrone-albumin resulted in increased binding of [3H]-estradiol in serum within 40 d that was maintained through 24 mo of age. Antisera from treated colts crossreacted equally well with estrone and estradiol and moderately with other estrogens; androgens, progesterone and glucocorticoids all cross-reacted less than .005%. Body weights were not affected by treatment. Concentrations of testosterone were generally higher (P less than .05) in estrogen-immunized colts compared with controls after immunization. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone were not affected by treatment, whereas concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone were initially increased (P less than .05) in treated colts after immunization. At castration at 27 mo of age, estrogen-immunized colts had greater (P less than .05) testicular and parenchymal weights and produced more (P approximately equal to .055) spermatozoa per horse than did control colts. Seminal characteristics immediately before castration were not affected by treatment. It appears that estrogens are involved in the regulation of several reproductive traits in the colt. Moreover, active immunization against estrogen in the prepubertal colt may be a useful method of increasing testicular size and sperm production rates in the stallion after puberty.
An evaluation of graph clustering methods for unsupervised term discovery.

Unsupervised term discovery (UTD) is the task of automatically identifying the repeated words and phrases in a collection of speech audio without relying on any language-specific resources. While the solution space for the task is far from fully explored, the dominant approach to date decomposes the discovery problem into two steps, where (i) segmental dynamic time warping is used to search the speech audio for repeated acoustic patterns, and (ii) these individual repetitions are partitioned into word/phrase categories using graph clustering. In this paper, we perform an unprecedented evaluation of a wide range of advanced graph clustering methods for the UTD task. We conduct our study in the evaluation framework of the Zero Resource Speech Challenge. We find that, for a range of features and languages, modularity-based clustering improves UTD performance most consistently, often by a wide margin. When paired with out-of-language deep neural net bottleneck features, we find performance near that of a high-resource UTD system.
Benefits of bad telomeres.

The enzyme telomerase is activated in most human cancers. So it comes as a surprise to learn that mice engineered to lack telomerase, as well as a tumour-suppressor protein, p53, develop cancers that would not appear in mice lacking just p53. The explanation may lie in the nature of cancer development.
Cholinesterase inhibitor use in geriatric outpatients with dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and the fourth leading cause of death in adults 65 years of age or older.[1,][1][2][2] Currently, approximately 4 million people in the United States are suffering from dementia, with annual treatment costs approaching $150 billion.[2
Use of Medication in School Programs for Behaviorally Disordered Pupils.

The prevelance of behaviorally disordered pupils who receive psychotropic medication is remarkably high. Individuals who work with these pupils in educational settings need to be familiar with the ...
Structure–activity relationships of the ATP cofactor in ligase-catalysed oligonucleotide polymerisations

A T4 DNA ligase-catalysed oligonucleotide polymerisation process has been recently developed to enable the incorporation of multiple functional groups throughout a nucleic acid polymer. T4 DNA ligase requires ATP as a cofactor to catalyse phosphodiester bond formation during the polymerisation process. Herein, we describe the structure-activity relationship of ATP within the context of T4 DNA ligase-catalyzed oligonucleotide polymerisation. Using high-throughput sequencing, we study not only the influence of ATP modification on polymerisation efficiency, but also on the fidelity and sequence bias of the polymerisation process.
Cost-effectiveness of Early Division of the Forehead Flap Pedicle

ImportanceThe paramedian forehead flap is considered the gold standard procedure to optimally reconstruct major defects of the nose, but this procedure generally requires 2 stages, where the flap p...
Human IgG repertoire of malaria antigen-immunized human immune system (HIS) mice

Humanized mouse models present an important tool for preclinical evaluation of new vaccines and therapeutics. Here we show the human variable repertoire of antibody sequences cloned from a previously described human immune system (HIS) mouse model that possesses functional human CD4+ T cells and B cells, namely HIS-CD4/B mice. We sequenced variable IgG genes from single memory B-cell and plasma-cell sorted from splenocytes or whole blood lymphocytes of HIS-CD4/B mice that were vaccinated with a human plasmodial antigen, a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (rPfCSP). We demonstrate that rPfCSP immunization triggers a diverse B-cell IgG repertoire composed of various human VH family genes and distinct V(D)J recombinations that constitute diverse CDR3 sequences similar to humans, although low hypermutated sequences were generated. These results demonstrate the substantial genetic diversity of responding human B cells of HIS-CD4/B mice and their capacity to mount human IgG class-switched antibody response upon vaccination.
Integration of TRPC6 and NADPH oxidase activation in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced TRPC5 externalization.

Lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), activate canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, and the subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to ...
Proteoglycans and Their Role in Wound Repair

Proteoglycans are a heterogeneous group of protein-carbohydrate complexes that are distinguished from all other macromolecules by bearing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. These linear polysaccharide chains are highly polyanionic (due to sulfate and carboxylate residues), bear the highest charge density of any vertebrate macro-molecule, and usually occupy a high proportion of the mass of the proteoglycans. The distinction is important because these properties differ from all other molecules in vertebrate tissues. Because of their chemical stability, the GAG chains have been known and well characterized for many years. Only relatively recently, with the identification of a large number of proteoglycan core proteins, have their roles in cellular behavior become apparent. The GAG chains play a primordial role in metazoans; they are produced by the simplest organisms and are synthesized very early during vertebrate development and by virtually every nucleated cell. While they have multiple potential functions, the explicit role of each GAG type depends both on its nature and on the core protein moiety to which the GAG chain is linked in a proteoglycan.
Sexual desire disorders

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and sexual aversion disorder (SAD) are an under-diagnosed group of disorders that affect men and women. Despite their prevalence, these two disorders are often not addressed by healthcare providers and patients due their private and awkward nature. As physicians, we need to move beyond our own unease in order to adequately address our patients' sexual problems and implement appropriate treatment. Using the Sexual Response Cycle as the model of the physiological changes of humans during sexual stimulation and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition this article will review the current literature on the desire disorders focusing on prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
Questioning the Nature of Age Pigment (Lipofuscin) in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium and its Relationship to Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Second only to cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly. Incidence of AMD has been estimated at between 1.3% and 4% of the population in the 65–74 year age groups (18, 29). With both the number and proportion of people over the age of 65 continuing to increase (27), AMD is likely to become an increasingly significant health problem. There is reason to suspect that age-related changes in the retina may be at the root of this disease (45,46,10). In the following discussion, the reasoning, the resulting theory, a discrepancy in that theory, and current experimental progress into the resolution of this discrepancy will be described.
Chronotropic and Inotropic Selectivity of Substituted Phenylethylamines in the Isolated Perfused Rabbit Heart

The cardiovascular actions of a number of endogenous amines, eg. catecholamines as well as the noncatecholic phenylethylamines, were first studied systematically by Barger and Dale in 1910. Subsequently, many authors have differentiated the direct and indirect actions of these amines in vascular beds. The present study examines the effect of intracoronary artery injection of these amines on heart rate and contractility in the isolated, perfused rabbit heart, with particular attention towards establishing mechanism of action (direct and/or indirect) and detecting any selectivity for chronotropic or inotropic activity. These results could lead to a better understanding of the cardiac consequences of pathologic or iatrogenic conditions which produce increased levels of these amines. It is hoped that they will also lead to a more rational design of cardiac drugs.
Ctrl + Alt + Del: Rebooting Immigration Policies Through Socio-technical Change

The concept of socio-technical systems has emerged in the systems theory literature to bring attention to the interdependencies between humans and technologies and the need to design policies that incorporate the interaction between social and technological conditions. I will use socio-technical systems as a framework to analyze the influence of technology design within immigration policies. US immigration policy has become a dysfunctional socio-technical system deprived of clear purpose, in part because an escalating law enforcement narrative for the border region has created systemic conditions for a design that favors aspirational technologies over effective ones. This narrative encourages the research and development of linear, simple technologies to try to solve adaptive, complex situations. This process neglects the evolving nature of immigration and focuses instead on the static technological fortification of the border. Consequently, immigration policies suffer a technological disconnect between the real nature of immigration trends, patterns, and behaviors and the deployment oftechnology developed to regulate interactions. Deployed immigration technology has demonstrated limited capacity to pivot, that is, to react to strategic failure by changing behavior and leveraging lessons learned in order to adapt to social changes. When it has done so, it has provided examples of technologies that can scaffold well designed immigration policies to make the US more secure, innovative, and user friendly. One example is the trusted-traveler programs that leverage technologies designed to build trust in supply lines and among international travelers.
Choosing a Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Fludarabine/Busulfan versus Fludarabine Melphalan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Fludarabine with busulfan (FB) or melphalan (FM) are 2 more commonly used reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT).We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing these 2 RIC regimens. We searched electronic databases from inception through November 1, 2017 for literature searches to identify relevant studies. A DerSimonian random effects model was used to measure efficacy outcomes; hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Seven studies, including a total of 1955 patients, met criteria for inclusion, of which 6 were included in the overall pooled analysis because of repetition of some patients in 2 studies. Three studies were included in the subgroup analysis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 2 in the subgroup analysis of lymphoid malignancies. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were not statistically significantly different between the 2 RIC regimens in analysis of all studies. However, OS was better with FM in subgroup analysis of AML/MDS studies (HR, .83; 95% CI, .73 to .95). Nonrelapse mortality was lower with FB (HR, .64; 95% CI, .46 to .89), whereas relapse was lower with FM (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.06) in the analysis of all studies. This meta-analysis shows that FB and FM are associated with a similar OS in patients undergoing HCT. Relapse rates are lower with FM but at the cost of higher nonrelapse mortality.
Correlation of cytopathology with flow cytometry and histopathology for the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies in young adults presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy

Background Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is frequently utilized in the diagnostic workup of lymphadenopathy. We evaluated the correlation of cytopathology with flow cytometry and tissue biopsy results and assessed the prevalence of specific malignancies in young adults presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Methods Database was searched for cervical lymph node FNA performed by a cytopathologist in patients aged 18-30 years from 2005 to 2017. Results Cervical lymph node FNA was performed on 48 patients without prior history of malignancy. Nineteen patients had cytology results only, of which all were interpreted as benign reactive lymph node. None developed subsequent malignancies. The remaining 29 patients had cytology with flow cytometry and/or tissue biopsy results. A benign reactive cytology diagnosis was rendered in 18 (62%) cases, of which 11 had concordant diagnosis on flow cytometry, 2 had tissue biopsy, and 3 had both. Eleven (38%) patients had cytology results concerning for a hematologic malignancy, of which 7 were confirmed by flow cytometry and 3 by both flow cytometry and tissue biopsy. Cervical lymph node FNA has 94.1% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 88.9% positive predictive value, and 90.9% negative predictive value. The most common hematologic malignancy in our young adult population presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy was Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusion FNA is a useful first-line diagnostic procedure for assessing cervical lymphadenopathy in young adults to allow for better triage of specimens for flow cytometry and/or tissue biopsy concerning for a hematologic malignancy and potentially avoid invasive excisional biopsy in a proportion of cases.
Giving Rise to Creative Leadership: Contextual Enablers and Redundancies:

Creative leadership plays a key role in realizing the competitive advantage of creativity for organizations, yet little is known about the contextual factors that give rise to creative leadership. ...
When is enough, enough? Investigating product reviews and information overload from a consumer empowerment perspective

Abstract This study focuses on consumers' processing of online reviews as an empowering experience. We investigate how decision support information (i.e., online reviews) can lead to information overload and decision difficulty, and ultimately affect decision satisfaction. A series of three experimental studies with subjects from a professional marketing agency examine the influence of self-determined review quantity and perceived review quality on satisfaction, as well as the mediating effects of information overload and decision difficulty. Our results show that the effect of perceived review quality on information overload is enhanced when the consumer chooses to read more reviews. Individual characteristics are also relevant; consumers' product knowledge moderates the mediating effect of decision difficulty on satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature by (1) investigating how the characteristics of decision support information affect decision process and outcome, and (2) exploring the boundary conditions wherein online reviews can empower but also overload consumers under various decision contexts.
Structure Solves the Problem with Malaria Merozoite Vaccines

Malaria vaccines targeting merozoite invasion of erythrocytes have long held appeal but failed in clinical trials. Three structural studies of antibody–antigen complexes by Alanine et al. , Urusova et al. , and Rawlinson et al. define neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes in essential invasion proteins, leading to rational design of improved merozoite vaccines.
A Model for the Interaction of Fe with MgO–14.5 wt% C Refractory Under Flash Ironmaking Conditions

In this work, the interaction of Fe with MgO–14.5 wt% C refractory under the conditions relevant to the novel flash ironmaking technology (FIT), which has been developed at the University of Utah, has been studied. Oxidation of carbon occurred and the formation of magnesiowustite (MgxFe1−xO) solid solution took place as a result of the interaction between Fe and MgO (in the presence of O2). A kinetic model for the growth of magnesiowustite was developed based on the counterdiffusion of Fe2+ and Mg2+ cations, and experiments were conducted with Fe powders and MgO–14.5 wt% C refractory in the temperature range 1200–1400 °C under flash ironmaking atmospheres. Analyses of samples using SEM-EDX and EPMA confirmed the formation of magnesiowustite and using the experimentally determined composition profiles the values of interdiffusion coefficient, averaged over the composition range (\( \bar{D}_{{{\text{Fe}} - {\text{Mg}}}} \)), were calculated. The activation energy for the solid-state diffusion was calculated to be 377 kJ/mol.
Differentiated thyroid cancer and Hashimoto thyroiditis: Utility of the Afirma gene expression classifier.

Background and objectives The Afirma gene expression classifier (AGEC) has not been tested or validated in a high-risk group, such as patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). We hypothesized that AGEC would perform worse in patients with HT. Methods A retrospective review of patient charts in a single academic institution who underwent thyroidectomy between 2012 and 2017 was conducted. Patients with HT who underwent AGEC were identified to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results We identified 69 patients with HT and atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) on cytology who underwent AGEC analysis. The mean age of AGEC cohort was 50 years (range, 26-77 years) with 90% female. The median nodule size was 1.9 cm (interquartile range [IQR], 1.2-2.7 cm). Of the 69 patients, 62 showed suspicious AGEC of which 26 showed TC on surgical pathology. Of the seven benign AGEC, two showed TC on surgical pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93%, 12%, 42%, and 71%, respectively. Of the entire AGEC cohort, 17 (43%) showed multicentric disease. Conclusions We observed a lower NPV for AGEC to rule out thyroid cancer in patients with HT, which reduces the utility of the test for this population.
A validation study for remote testing of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.

Objectives:Determine the validity and reliability of a remote, technician-guided cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (MS), incorporating the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Cali...
Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

The long-standing debate over a connection between allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains undecided. This conflict is likely due to the use of broad phenotypic categories for CRS such as CRS with or without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP and CRSsNP). However, it is evident that there are certain CRS subtypes, such as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and central compartment atopic disease (CCAD), where allergen sensitivity is prominent. Chronic inflammation defines CRS generally, and superimposed allergy-mediated inflammation may further drive certain subtypes of CRS. Further evidence is needed to clarify the relationship between AR and specific CRS subtypes. With a myriad of advances in the management of previously recalcitrant sinonasal diseases, it is clear that medical and surgical treatments for these should go hand in hand.
SEC No-Action Letter Request 2: The #NFT

The purchase of this NFT constitutes ownership of 1 edition of the work of conceptual art "SEC No-Action Letter Request 2: The #NFT," which consists of the idea of selling NFTs for a work of conceptual art titled "SEC No-Action Letter Request 2: The #NFT." The purchase of this NFT does not constitute ownership of anything other than 1 edition of the work of conceptual art conveyed. Specifically, it does not constitute ownership of the digital image file illustrating this offering, the description of the work of conceptual art titled "SEC No-Action Letter Request 2: The #NFT," or any other work of authorship fixed in a tangible medium. "SEC No-Action Letter Request 2: The #NFT" is the "sequel" to the work of conceptual art "SEC No-Action Letter Request," which consists of selling editions of a work of conceptual art titled "SEC No-Action Letter Request," which consists of sending a no-action letter request to the SEC, asking it for a letter ruling holding that selling editions of a work of conceptual art titled "SEC No-Action Letter Request" does not violate the securities laws.
Retroviral Association with Ovarian Adenocarcinoma in Laying Hens.

The laying hen has been used as a model for ovarian adenocarcinoma (OAC) in women. Previous work has shown an association between expression of endogenous retroviral proteins and elevated envelope mRNA and occurrence of OAC has been demonstrated in humans, but causality has not been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a similar association between retrovirus presence and OAC in a commercial laying hen flock at the University of Illinois Poultry Research facility with a history of a high prevalence of OAC in its aged hens. Laying hens of three age strata were randomly selected for a cross-sectional study. Blood samples were collected, and serum was tested for antigens of endogenous or exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) by ELISA. Birds were humanely euthanized, and spleens, ovaries, and any tissues with gross lesions were sampled. Ovaries and tissues with gross lesions were examined histologically and spleens were used for RT-PCR to detect endogenous ALV via ALV-E env mRNA expression. Overall, hens with OAC were 5.2 times more likely to be ALV positive than hens without OAC (95% C.I. = 2.06-13.14). Holding age stratum constant, OAC positive hens were 3.6 times more likely to be positive for ALV via antigen-capture ELISA (95% C.I. 1.08- 11.96). Endogenous ALV-E in hens may be analogous to the human endogenous retroviruses, which have also been associated with OAC in women. Further studies to establish causation are warranted to better understand the potential for laying hens to serve as a laboratory model for viral-induced ovarian tumors in humans.
Nationalization in Zambia: A critique of Bargaining Theory

RESUMEDans cet article, l'auteur affirme que l'on peut mieux comprendre la nationalisation en abordant le probleme sous l'angle de l'economie politique plutot que d'apres les theories du “bargaining” predominantes. Citant le cas de la nationalisation de l'industrie du cuivre en Zambie, l'auteur donne dans ses grandes lignes l'histoire de cette industrie et definit les structures de la politique et de l'economie. Puis le champ de vision se retrecit pour porter plus particulierement sur la facon dont ce secteur a domine l'economie politique et donne acces a la Zambie aux marches mondiaux des denrees de base. Le role joue par les acteurs de l'exterieur qui ont un interet dans l'aboutissement de cette nationalisation est aussi analyse en vue d'en determiner l'influence reelle et potentielle. Finalement, du compte rendu detaille des negociations entre les compagnies internationales et le gouvernement zambien emerge une serie de questions et de contradictions qui donnent le jour a des idees neuves sur l'evoluti...
The Imaginary Sea Voyage: Sailing Away in Literature, Legend and Lore James J. Bloom. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013.

The Imaginary Sea Voyage: Sailing Away in Literature, Legend and Lore James J. Bloom. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013.James Bloom takes us on a journey to legendary locales as varied as Atlantis, Avalon, Moore's Utopia, the Northwest Passage, Stevenson's Treasure Island, Verne's Nautilus, Gilligan's Island, and the Starship Enterprise. They comprise what he calls the genre of the imaginary voyage, a "hybrid between outright fantasy and authentic seaman's yarns" (16).His book is charmingly desultory. It gives us a miscellany of observations, opinions, encyclopedic summaries, and surveys of research about explorations that may or may not have happened. Bloom's approach organizes material by association: one instance of a sea voyage of the mind suggests another, and another, and so on. If readers are looking for a tidy critical principle with which to analysis this messy genre, they will be disappointed. But if they are looking for considered appreciations by a scholar who has read thoroughly in the field and has plenty to say about culture, literary highlights, and the topography of fantasy, then they've picked the right book.Bloom begins with a survey of how others have attempted to define the genre. He is especially fond of using John Kirkland Wright's term geo sophy to explain the meaning of imaginary voyages. According to Wright, geo sophy (which includes the study of geography from all points of view) is to geography what historiography is to history.This all-embracing word gives Bloom the license to wander happily amid wide-ranging works. Chapters of unequal length take us on magical mystery tours of sea voyages, tall tales, and seldom-visited places. Like any self-confident traveler, he enjoys taking fascinating detours along the way. His digressions are always instructive. For instance, he compares the earlier flood story in the Gilgamesh with the later flood story in Genesis. Both are woven from remarkably similar details: divine intervention via a worldwide flood; instructing a righteous man to build a large-roofed multi-deck boat to save his family and earth's creatures; the boat's coming to rest on a mountain; releasing a series of birds from the boat; leaving the boat when the last bird fails to return; offering a sacrifice of thanksgiving; receiving divine blessing and a special promise made to the progeny of the righteous man.Bloom also pays particular attention to legendary constructs like Hy-Bras il and Atlantis. …