cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential clinicopathologic and genetic features of late-onset amnestic dementias

Hippocampal sclerosis of the elderly (HpScl) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), especially the limbic-predominant subtype (LP-AD), are amnestic syndromes that can be difficult to distinguish. To complicate matters, a subset has concomitant HpScl and AD (HpScl-AD). We examined a large cohort of autopsy-confirmed cases of HpScl, HpScl-AD, LP-AD, and typical AD to identify distinct clinical, genetic, and pathologic characteristics. HpScl cases were significantly older at death and had a substantially slower rate of cognitive decline than the AD subtypes. Genetic analysis revealed that the AD groups (AD, LP-AD, and HpScl–AD) were more likely to be APOE e4 carriers. In contrast, the HpScl groups (HpScl and HpScl-AD) were more likely to exhibit genetic variants in GRN and TMEM106B that are associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The HpScl groups had a high frequency of TDP-43 pathology that was most often Type A morphology and distribution, while typical AD and LP-AD had a significantly lower frequency of TDP-43 pathology that was most often Type B. These results suggest that HpScl and AD are pathologically and genetically distinct and non-synergistic neurodegenerative processes that present with amnestic dementia. Pure HpScl and HpScl with concomitant AD occur most often in elderly individuals.
The chicken or the egg? Tissue factor and inflammation in sickle cell disease

Comment on Solovey et al, page [840][1] Increased tissue factor, the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, may both cause and result from vascular inflammation in sickle cell disease; statins may break this vicious cycle. Despite a detailed understanding of the genetics, molecular
Biologically inspired, haltere, angular-rate sensors for micro-autonomous systems

Small autonomous aerial systems require the ability to detect roll, pitch, and yaw to enable stable flight. Existing inertial measurement units (IMUs) are incapable of accurately measuring roll-pitch-yaw within the size, weight, and power requirements of at-scale insect-inspired aerial autonomous systems. To overcome this, we have designed novel IMUs based on the biological haltere system in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). MEMS haltere sensors were successfully simulated, designed, and fabricated with a control scheme that enables simple, straightforward decoupling of the signals. Passive mechanical logic was designed to facilitate the decoupling of the forces acting on the sensor. The control scheme was developed that efficiently and accurately decouples the three component parts from the haltere sensors. Individual, coupled, and arrayed halteres were fabricated. A series of static electrical tests and dynamic device tests were conducted, in addition to in-situ bend tests, to validate the simulation results, and these, taken as a whole, indicate that the MEMS haltere sensors will be inherently sensitive to the Coriolis forces caused by changes in angular rate. The successful fabrication of a micro-angular rate sensor represents a substantial breakthrough and is an enabling technology for a number of Army applications, including micro air vehicles (MAVs).
Early Zoeal Stages of the Semiterrestrial Shrimp Merguia Rhizophorae (Rathbun, 1900) Cultured Under Laboratory Conditions (Decapoda Natantia, Hippolytidae) With a Discussion of Characters in the Larval Genus Eretmocaris

Les larves de Merguia rhizophorae elevees en laboratoire presentent beaucoup des caracteristiques typiques des larves attribuables a la famille des Hippolytidae et au genre larvaire composite Eretmocaris. Les larves ont un flagelle antennaire fortement allonge, a partir du second stade, ce qui semble les distinguer des autres Eretmocaris. On ne peut comparer ces stades larvaires avec ceux des autres Carides que de facon approximative, par manque de connaissances sur la plupart des larves de la famille. Nous suggerons que le genre larvaire Eretmocaris soit conserve jusqu'a ce que les caracteristiques larvaires des especes soient mieux connues.
A systematic characterization of factors that regulate Drosophila segmentation via a bacterial one-hybrid system

Specificity data for groups of transcription factors (TFs) in a common regulatory network can be used to computationally identify the location of cis-regulatory modules in a genome. The primary limitation for this type of analysis is the paucity of specificity data that is available for the majority of TFs. We describe an omega-based bacterial one-hybrid system that provides a rapid method for characterizing DNA-binding specificities on a genome-wide scale. Using this system, 35 members of the Drosophila melanogaster segmentation network have been characterized, including representative members of all of the major classes of DNA-binding domains. A suite of web-based tools was created that uses this binding site dataset and phylogenetic comparisons to identify cis-regulatory modules throughout the fly genome. These tools allow specificities for any combination of factors to be used to perform rapid local or genome-wide searches for cis-regulatory modules. The utility of these factor specificities and tools is demonstrated on the well-characterized segmentation network. By incorporating specificity data on an additional 66 factors that we have characterized, our tools utilize approximately 14% of the predicted factors within the fly genome and provide an important new community resource for the identification of cis-regulatory modules.
Geology of the Lake Atitlán Region, Western Guatemala

Abstract Geologic studies in the Lake Atitlan region, Guatemala, have revealed three cycles of stratovolcano growth, major silicic eruptions, and caldera formation. The first cycle (14-11 Ma) culminated in a series of five Maria Tecun ash-flow eruptions and formation of the large Atitlan I caldera centered just north of the present Lake Atitlan basin. The second cycle (ca. 10-8 Ma) culminated in the San Jorge ash-flow eruption, collapse to form the Atitlan II caldera, and late-stage ring-dike injection. The third cycle (ca. 1-0 Ma) has thus far included the growth of early Quaternary stratovolcanoes, the voluminous Los Chocoyos (H) eruption, several less voluminous silicic eruptions, formation of the modern Atitlan III caldera, and growth of modern stratovolcanoes on the southern edge of the Atitlan III caldera. During each cycle of volcanism, mafic magmas are thought to have partially melted young andesitic crust to form large volumes of rhyolitic magma. A well-defined set of NW- and NE-trending faults, with right- and left-lateral slip respectively, dominate the regional structure and control some sections of caldera boundary faults. Volcanes Atitlan and Toliman and several smaller volcanic vents are aligned north-south. A period of 14 Ma is an unusually long lifetime for a set of closely related calderas; it may reflect an unusual tectonic setting with ample supply of basaltic magma and heat, and slight shifting of the crust relative to the heat source so that the crust into which the basaltic magma intrudes is not depleted in low-melting, silicic fractions. A boundary between the western and central Guatemala segments of the subducted Cocos Plate is a “segment boundary, lithospheric hotspot” and a likely focus of caldera formation. An apparent south-southwestward migration of the locus of caldera formation in the Lake Atitlan region, and westward migration of caldera formation across western Guatemala, suggest slow movement of this small part of the Caribbean Plate east-southeastward relative to the Cocos-Caribbean subduction zone.
Nuclear spectroscopy with Si PIN diode detectors at room temperature

Abstract The characteristics of PIN diodes have been determined. These diodes have lower leakage currents and noise than other types of Si radiation detectors. The energy resolutions (FWHM) of a 1 cm2 × 0.5 mm PIN diode measured with a pulser, 122.0 keV gamma-rays, 193 keV electrons and 5.5 MeV alpha-particles were 2.6, 2.8, 2.9 and 11.0 keV, respectively. For a 6 mm × 6 mm × 0.2 mm PIN diode, the resolutions (FWHM) for a pulser, 60 keV γ-rays, 193 keV electrons and 5.5-Mev α-particles were 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 and 10.8 keV, respectively.
Keck spectroscopy of distant GOODS spheroidal galaxies: Downsizing in a hierarchical Universe

We analyze the evolution of the fundamental plane for 141 field spheroidal galaxies in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1.2, selected morphologically to a magnitude limit F850LP = 22.43 in the northern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. For massive galaxies, we find that the bulk of the star formation was completed prior to z = 2. However, for the lower mass galaxies, the luminosity-weighted ages are significantly younger. The differential change in mass-to-light ratio correlates closely with rest-frame color, consistent with recent star formation and associated growth. Our data are consistent with mass rather than environment governing the overall growth, contrary to the expectations of hierarchical assembly. We discuss how feedback, conduction, and galaxy interactions may explain the downsizing trends seen within our large sample.
Using heat capacity and compressibility to choose among two-state models of liquid water.

We extend to heat capacity Cp the model of Vedamuthu, Singh, and Robinson (J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 2222). This model and that of Bartell (J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 7573) fit successfully, even i...
Gauge-field non-topological solitons in three space-dimensions (I)

Abstract An SU(3) gauge-field non-topological soliton in three space-dimensions is discussed. Let N be the largest among the magnitudes of eigenvalues of the matrix Σ18λaQa, where the Qa's are the eight conserved charges in the classical SU(3) gauge theory, and the λa's the usual 3 × 3 Gell-Mann matrices. We show that stable solitons exist if N > a critical value NS, and if the ratio between the mass of the SU(3) gauge field and that of a relevant spin-0 field is >√6. Our trial function analysis suggests that, for large N, states with dets (Σ18λaQa) ≠ 0 are unstable against fission.
Earth-Moon Libration Point Orbit Stationkeeping: Theory, Modeling and Operations

Collinear Earth-Moon libration points have emerged as locations with immediate applications. These libration point orbits are inherently unstable and must be maintained regularly which constrains operations and maneuver locations. Stationkeeping is challenging due to relatively short time scales for divergence effects of large orbital eccentricity of the secondary body, and third-body perturbations. Using the Acceleration Reconnection and Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission orbit as a platform, the fundamental behavior of the trajectories is explored using Poincare maps in the circular restricted three-body problem. Operational stationkeeping results obtained using the Optimal Continuation Strategy are presented and compared to orbit stability information generated from mode analysis based in dynamical systems theory.
The Utility of Upper Endoscopy in Patients with Concomitant Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Patients who present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may have suffered an UGIB that subsequently led to an AMI or endured an AMI and subsequently suffered a UGIB as a consequence of anticoagulation. We hypothesized that patients in the former group bled from more severe upper tract lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors for endoscopic therapy in patients who suffer a concomitant UGIB and AMI. Retrospective, single center medical record abstraction of hospital admissions from January 1, 1996–December 31, 2002. During the study period, 183 patients underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) within 7 days of suffering an AMI and UGIB (AMI group N=105, UGIB group N=78). A higher proportion of patients in the UGIB group (41%) was found to have high-risk UGI lesions requiring endoscopic treatment compared to patients in the AMI group (17%; P < 0.004). UGIB as the inciting event and patients suffering from hematemesis and hemodynamic instability were significantly associated with requiring endoscopic therapy. Although predominantly diagnostic, endoscopic findings in the AMI group did alter the decision to perform cardiac catheterization in 43% of patients. Severe complications occurred in 1% (95% confidence interval, 0%–4%) of patients. We conclude that in patients suffering from concomitant UGIB and AMI, urgent endoscopy was most beneficial in patients with UGIB as the initial event and those presenting with hematemesis and hemodynamic instability. In patients without these clinical features, urgent endoscopy may be delayed, unless cardiac management decisions are dependent on endoscopic findings.
Feminist Participatory Action Research with Transgender Communities: Fostering the Practice of Ethical and Empowering Research Designs

ABSTRACT Research on topics related to transgender people in psychology has gradually increased over the last 2 decades, with a noted increase in scholarship over the last 5 years (Bockting & Coleman, 2007; DeSutter, Kira, Verschoor, & Hotimsky, 2002; Devor, 2004). However, there has been less attention to the use of participatory action research (PAR) frameworks with transgender people and communities. This article proposes specific strategies for feminist researchers engaging in PAR studies with transgender people and communities that are grounded in feminist theory. These strategies are summarized in a checklist that feminist researchers may use throughout the duration of a study's activities with transgender individuals and communities.
Adverse reactions to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine in HIV-positive infants.

Abstract Background The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is routinely administered to newborn infants in South Africa. In 2000, a new vaccine, the Danish 1331 strain, was introduced into the Western Cape region. Red Cross Children's Hospital subsequently documented an increase in the number of complications arising from the new vaccine. Since 2004, HIV-positive infants have been treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Coinciding with the roll out of HAART there has been a significant and apparently paradoxical worsening of the complications of the BCG vaccine. Methods A retrospective analysis of all HIV-positive infants referred to the surgical department for management of BCG vaccine complications. Results Fifteen infants were included in this study; they were all HIV-positive. Fourteen infants received HAART. In 10 patients, the implementation of HAART predated the complications of the BCG vaccine by an average of 1.4 months. Conclusion We believe this to be the first description of BCG-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The implications for the operating surgeon are the unique management strategies that should be applied to this disease process and the ongoing research to determine which of these strategies is the most effective.
Feeling manipulated: cytomegalovirus immune manipulation

No one likes to feel like they have been manipulated, but in the case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immune manipulation, we do not really have much choice. Whether you call it CMV immune modulation, manipulation, or evasion, the bottom line is that CMV alters the immune response in such a way to allow the establishment of latency with lifelong shedding. With millions of years of coevolution within their hosts, CMVs, like other herpesviruses, encode numerous proteins that can broadly influence the magnitude and quality of both innate and adaptive immune responses. These viral proteins include both homologues of host proteins, such as MHC class I or chemokine homologues, and proteins with little similarity to any other known proteins, such as the chemokine binding protein. Although a strong immune response is launched against CMV, these virally encoded proteins can interfere with the host's ability to efficiently recognize and clear virus, while others induce or alter specific immune responses to benefit viral replication or spread within the host. Modulation of host immunity allows survival of both the virus and the host. One way of describing it would be a kind of "mutually assured survival" (as opposed to MAD, Mutually Assured Destruction). Evaluation of this relationship provides important insights into the life cycle of CMV as well as a greater understanding of the complexity of the immune response to pathogens in general.
Pictorial Information Systems

A pictorial information system is a special type of information system supporting the manipulation, storage, retrieval, and analysis of pictorial data. In the past, pictorial information systems have usually been designed for specific applications. But recent advances in data base technology, computer graphics, and pictorial data structures have led to the development of more general-purpose systems. This special issue is a survey of several design aspects of these systems.
Spatial Planning and Climate Change

Elizabeth Wilson & Jake Piper, London, Routledge, 2010, 445 pp., $53.95 (pbk), ISBN 13: 978 0 415 49591 2 The need to respond to global warming is likely to revolutionalize urban planning in the de...
Electrochemically modulated complexation process for ethylene/ethane separation

An electrochemically modulated complexation (EMC) process was designed to selectively extract and concentrate ethylene from a feed-phase mixture with ethane. Unlike previous EMC processes, where the separation was based on equilibrium solubility differences, this separation was based on differences in the rate of complexing with copper(I) solution between the two gases. The EMC process employed flowthrough electrolysis cells that electrochemically modulate aqueous-phase copper chlorides between high, copper(I), and low, copper(II), affinity states. The liquid phase in the high affinity form contracts a feed gas phase in a hollow-fiber membrane module for selective extraction and contacts the receiving gas phase in the low affinity form for concentration. Experimental results and modeling of the process are reported.
On the application of matrix generalized inverses to the construction of inverse systems

(1976). On the application of matrix generalized inverses to the construction of inverse systems. International Journal of Control: Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 733-739.
In vitro study of fracture incidence and compressive fracture load of all-ceramic crowns cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer and other luting agents☆☆☆★★★♢♢♢♦

Abstract Statement of problem. Anecdotal reports based on clinical observation have recently linked resin-modified glass ionomer luting agents with postcementation fracture of all-ceramic crowns. Purpose. This study evaluated the fracture incidence of In-Ceram and VitaDur Alpha porcelain jacket all-ceramic crowns cemented with 5 luting agents (Fuji I, Fuji Plus, Vitremer, Advance, and Panavia 21) during 2 months storage in 0.8% NaCl solution. Material and methods. Fifty human maxillary premolar teeth were prepared for each ceramic system and divided into 5 subgroups of 10 teeth to be cemented with 5 luting cements. Specimens were observed for fracture lines and crack initiation at storage times up to 2 months. Incidence of fracture was analyzed with Fisher's Exact test. Specimens that did not fracture during storage were loaded in compression to failure. Failure loads were analyzed by analysis of variance and multiple pairwise comparisons. Results. Only all-ceramic crowns cemented with Advance cement fractured during the 2-month observation period, and porcelain jacket crowns were found to fracture earlier and more frequently than In-Ceram crowns. Cracks initiated at the crown margin, and multiple crack lines were found as the time of storage increased. In-Ceram crowns were significantly stronger (140 ± 21.5 kg) than porcelain jacket crowns (98.6 ± 17.8 kg) at P P Conclusions. For the cements studied, only crowns cemented with Advance cement demonstrated fracture during 2-month storage. Results for the true resin-modified glass ionomer cements do not support anecdotal reports of fracture of all-ceramic crowns cemented with these materials. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:699-707.)
Herpesvirus vector gene transfer and expression of β–glucuronidase in the central nervous system of MRS VII mice

Herpesvirus vector gene transfer and expression of β–glucuronidase in the central nervous system of MRS VII mice
How many alleles per locus should be used to estimate genetic distances

As more microsatellite loci become available for use in genetic surveys of population structure, population geneticists are able to select loci to use in population structure surveys. This study used computer simulations to investigate how the number of alleles at loci affects the precision of estimates of four common genetic distances. This showed that equivalent results could be achieved by examining either a few loci with many alleles or many loci with a few alleles. More specifically, the total number of independent alleles appears to be a good indicator of how precise estimates of genetic distance will be.
The Potential Electoral Disadvantages of a Catch-All Party: Ideological Variance among Republicans and Democrats in the 50 US States

In two-party competition, the more ideologically concentrated party may be advantaged in that its party median may be closer to the overall median voter than is that of the more dispersed party. Because of party activists and the intermediating effects of party primaries which tend to lead to the selection of candidates near the party median, voters often choose in a general election between candidates with widely divergent views. It follows that a smaller, but more ideologically cohesive, party may find its candidate closer to the overall median voter than is the candidate of the larger party. Such a party should be able to win elections that mere numbers of identifiers would suggest it ought not be able to win. In American politics, it is widely accepted that, in terms of voter ideology, the Democratic Party is more of a catch-all party than the Republicans; i.e. its partisan identifiers are more ideologically dispersed. This insight, however, is based primarily on (a) national-level data and (b) data from a period when Democratic identifiers far outnumbered Republican identifiers and when a very high fraction of southern voters were both Democratic in partisan affiliation and conservative in ideology. We look at American National Election Study data from a 1988‐92 panel which uses states as its sampling frame to see the extent to which Republican Party identifiers are more ideologically united than Democratic identifiers in each of the 50 states. Even when we look within individual states, we find that Republicans are
2 Critically Assessing the Literature: Understanding Error and Bias

The keystone of the evidence-based imaging (EBI) approach is to critically assess the research data that are provided and to determine if the information is appropriate for use in answering the EBI question. Unfortunately, the published studies are often limited by bias, small sample size, and methodological inadequacy. Further, the information provided in published reports may be insufficient to allow estimation of the quality of the research. Two recent initiatives, the CONSORT (1) and the STARD (2), aim to improve the reporting of clinical trials and studies of diagnostic accuracy, respectively. However, these guidelines are only now being implemented and are not well known to readers of the medical literature.
Theories of Intergroup Conflict: A Report of Lay Attributions

Lay theory has contributed fundamentally to understanding various phenomena; however, it has not yet been applied to intergroup conflict. Using a series of increasingly structured tasks, the author...
Numerical simulation of forced convection in a duct subjected to microwave heating

In this paper, forced convection in a rectangular duct subjected to microwave heating is investigated. Three types of non-Newtonian liquids flowing through the duct are considered, specifically, apple sauce, skim milk, and tomato sauce. A finite difference time domain method is used to solve Maxwell’s equations simulating the electromagnetic field. The three-dimensional temperature field is determined by solving the coupled momentum, energy, and Maxwell’s equations. Numerical results show that the heating pattern strongly depends on the dielectric properties of the fluid in the duct and the geometry of the microwave heating system.
Recurrence After Partial Hepatectomy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Potentially Curative Role of Salvage Repeat Resection

Patients with recurrence after complete resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) are considered for repeat resection as a potential salvage therapy (PST). However, outcomes for this approach are not well defined. We sought to analyze the natural history of recurrence and PST in a large cohort of patients with long-term follow-up. Recurrence patterns, treatments, and outcomes in consecutive patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastases were analyzed retrospectively. PST was defined as repeat resection of all recurrent disease and effective salvage therapy (EST) as free of disease for 36 months after last PST. Factors associated with PST, EST, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 952 patients who underwent resection, 594 (62 %) experienced recurrence (median interval = 13 months). Initial recurrences involved liver (n = 157,26 %), lung (n = 167,28 %), multiple sites (n = 171,29 %), and other single sites (n = 99,17 %). PST was performed in 160 (27 %) of 594, most commonly with a single site of recurrence (n = 149). Young age (p = 0.01), negative initial resection margin (p = 0.003), initial tumor size <5 cm (p = 0.006), and recurrence pattern (p < 0.001) were independently associated with PST. Thirty-six patients experienced EST (25 % of PSTs). Overall median survival was 61 and 43 months in those with recurrence. Median survival of patients undergoing PST was 87 months compared to 34 months for those who did not. Recurrence is common after CLM resection, but 27 % of patients were able to undergo PST. Approximately one-quarter of these experienced EST and may be cured. PST is associated with long-term survival and possible cure, and therefore active surveillance after CLM resection is justified.
Tuberculosis: The Return of an Old Enemy

Tuberculosis is an ancient human scourge that continues to be an important public health problem worldwide. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis isolates from both AIDS and non-AIDS patients is an ominous trend that threatens tuberculosis eradication programs both in the U.S. and overseas. New antituberculosis vaccines with therapeutic properties are urgently needed for human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, as well as health care professionals likely to be exposed to MDR tubercle bacilli. Recombinant DNA vaccines bearing protective genes from virulent M. tuberculosis are being developed using shuttle phasmids to transfer genetic material from one mycobacterial species to another. Improved assay procedures are needed to measure the protection afforded by these new vaccines under experimental and field test conditions. Tuberculosis vaccine development should be given a high priority in current medical research goals.
Unilateral high myopia: optical components, associated factors, and visual outcomes

Aim: To elucidate the optical basis for unilateral high myopia and to identify the factors associated with its development. Methods: Medical records of 48 children (aged 4 months to 17 years; mean age 6.8 years) with unilateral high myopia (5 dioptres or more) seen consecutively by the author during a 15 year period were reviewed. 45 (94%) of the 48 patients had unilateral axial myopia. Results: The mean refractive difference between paired eyes was 9.4 (SD 3.6) dioptres and the more myopic eye was on average 3.3 (1.8) mm longer than the less myopic eye. All but three of the patients had an ocular disorder associated with reduced acuity, central nervous system abnormality, or family history of high myopia. Conclusion: Clinical conditions associated with unilateral high myopia can be identified in the majority of patients and often account for the associated visual impairment.
CD70 expression by dendritic cells plays a critical role in the immunogenicity of CD40-independent, CD4+ T cell-dependent, licensed CD8+ T cell responses.

The stimulation of DC by CD4(+) T cells is known to condition DC to activate naive CD8(+) T cells, predominantly via CD40-CD40L interactions. It has been proposed that a critical consequence of DC conditioning is the induction of CD70 expression. Whether and how CD70 induction contributes to CD8(+) T cell responses in the absence of CD40-CD40L interactions are unknown. CD8(+) T cell responses to adenoviral- or DC-based immunization of CD40-deficient mice revealed a CD40-independent, CD4(+) T cell-dependent pathway for CD70 induction on conventional DC. This pathway and subsequent CD8(+) T cell responses were enhanced by, but not dependent on, concomitant activation of TLR and in part, used TRANCE and LIGHT/LTalphabeta stimulation. Blocking TRANCE and LIGHT/LTalphabeta during stimulation reduced the immunogenicity of CD40-deficient DC. These data support the hypothesis that induction of CD70 expression on DC after an encounter with activated CD4(+) T cells is a major component of CD4(+) T cell-mediated licensing of DC. Further, multiple pathways exist for CD4(+) T cells to elicit CD70 expression on DC. These data in part explain the capacity of CD40-deficient mice to mount CD8(+) T cell responses and may provide additional targets for immunotherapy in situations when CD40-mediated licensing is compromised.
Effect of Dietary Fat and Environment on Lipogenesis by Large White Breeder Turkeys

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of either a low-fat (8% of total calories) or high-fat (47% of total calories) diet on Large White breeder females maintained at a constant (21 C) or a cyclic temperature regimen (12 to 27 C). Each diet was fed to 32 hens individually caged in the cyclic condition and 46 in the constant condition. Energy consumption, reproductive performance, and in vitro lipogenesis were monitored for hens subjected to both temperature and dietary treatments. Hens consumed more (P
Increased chromosome damage in pediatric heart catheterization patients after diagnostic fluoroscopy and cineangiography.

Chromosome damage (CD) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels were studied in lymphocytes from 30 pediatric heart catheterization patients receiving radiation during diagnostic fluoroscopy and cineangiography procedures. Forty-eight-hour CD and 72-hr SCE cultures were prepared from sequential samples taken from each patient: samples 1-3 via the catheter the same day (1) before exposure, (2) after fluoroscopy, and (3) after cineangiography; and sample 4 by venipuncture the next morning. Significant increases in CD (dicentrics, rings, and fragments), but not SCE, were observed. From a mean base level of 0.4% cells with CD, the CD levels increased 2-3-fold in samples 3 and 4 (p = .001). Rings only occurred in samples 3 and 4. While increased CD levels also correlated with increasing age, body surface area, and weight, partial correlations controlling for these factors clearly indicate that the CD effects are principally attributable to the radiological procedures (p = .001). Increased CD levels correlated with both the roentgen dose of cineangiography exposure (p = .002) and the volume of contrast medium (p = .000); however, partial correlations, controlling for either factor, indicate that the contrast medium was the principal factor (p = .006).
A GaAs monolithic true logarithmic amplifier for 0.5 to 4 GHz applications

A GaAs monolithic dual-gain amplifier stage for 0.5 to 4 GHz logarithmic amplifier applications was developed and tested. A cascade of six of these stages resulted in a true logarithmic amplifier with a 70-dB dynamic range, operational across this band. A stage gain of 10 dB was chosen for each of two 'arms' in the dual-gain circuit, but because of -6-dB resistive combiner was used, the gains of both amplifier arms were increased 6 dB. The first arm has 12.7-dB gain and a saturated output power of -8 dBm, and the second arm has 6-dB gain and a saturated output power of +11 dBm. A thin-film network external to the monolithic circuit contains the -6-dB resistive combiner in which the outputs of the two amplifier arms are combined to provide the linear gain of 10 dB at low power levels. The stage gain asymptotically approaches 0 dB as input power is increased. Additional circuit elements printed on the thin-film network are two shorted stubs for gain shaping and one series transmission line to equalize the insertion phase between the two paths. >
Hormonal Signaling and Transcriptional Control of Adipocyte Differentiation

Recent advances regarding the biology of adipose tissue have identified the adipocyte as an important mediator in many physiologic and pathologic processes regarding energy metabolism. Consideration for a central role of adipose tissue in the development of obesity, cardiovascular disease and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has resulted in new incentives toward understanding the complexities of adipocyte differentiation. Current knowledge of this process includes a cascade of transcriptional events that culminate in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha). These prominent adipogenic transcription factors have been shown to regulate, directly or indirectly, the gene expression necessary for the development of the mature adipocyte. Hormonal and nutritional signaling that impinges on these trans-acting factors provides a molecular link between lipids and lipid-related compounds and the gene expression important for glucose and lipid homeostasis. Knowledge concerning the transcriptional events mediating adipocyte differentiation provides a basis for understanding the physiologic processes associated with adipose tissue as well as for the development of therapeutic interventions in obesity and its related disorders.
Attitudes and behaviors of food donors and perceived needs and wants of food shelf clients.

Abstract Objective Explore the attitudes and behaviors of individuals who donate foods to food shelves and the perceived needs of the clientele using the food shelves in terms of cultural, health, and nutritional concerns. Design Qualitative methods (focus group interviews). Setting Focus groups (5 client and 7 donor) were conducted at food shelves, churches, and community centers. Participants Client focus group members (n = 31) were mostly middle-aged and elderly individuals of mixed ethnicity and donor focus group members (n = 64) were mostly white and well educated and had incomes > $50 000. Main Outcome Measure(s) In-depth focus groups were conducted to obtain information regarding attitudes and beliefs of individuals who donate food and perceptions of needs among food shelf clients. Analysis Transcripts were analyzed systematically by coding comments according to categories and examining for common themes. Results Food donations did not match client needs for people with different ethnic backgrounds or age groups and food safety concerns. Conclusions and Implications This study demonstrates the need for nutrition educators to work with food shelf and food bank directors regarding the education of staff and general population on appropriate food donations.
Learning to predict rare events in event sequences

Learning to predict rare events from sequences of events with categorical features is an important, real-world, problem that existing statistical and machine learning methods are not well suited to solve. This paper describes timeweaver, a genetic algorithm based machine learning system that predicts rare events by identifying predictive temporal and sequential patterns. Timeweaver is applied to the task of predicting telecommunication equipment failures from 110,000 alarm messages and is shown to outperform existing learning methods.
Characterization and hormonal modulation of anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by rat ovarian granulosa cells

Anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans endow the vascular endothelium with antithrombotic properties, but their role outside the vascular bed is unknown. Granulosa cells form an avascular compartment in the ovarian follicle, in which a heparin-like activity has been described. At ovulation extravascular coagulation occurs around ovulatory follicles, and after expulsion of the oocyte, a fibrin clot forms in the antral cavity. Granulosa cells synthesize two major heparan sulfate proteoglycans, whose anticoagulant nature has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to characterize anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by rat ovarian granulosa cells. Affinity purified 35S-labeled anticoagulant heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans represent 6.5% of the total heparan sulfate synthesized, and they contain 13% 3-O-sulfated disaccharides that are markers of the antithrombin-binding site of heparin. The biological activity of granulosa cell heparan sulfate proteoglycans was demonstrated by their ability to bind antithrombin and to accelerate the formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes. The impact of hormonal stimulation on granulosa cell anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans was studied using 125I-antithrombin binding assays. Folliclestimulating hormone induced a redistribution of anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans from the granulosa cell layer to the culture medium, indicating that their distribution could be modulated according to the stage of follicular development. These results suggest that anticoagulant heparan sulfate might be critically located in the follicle to maintain fluidity around the oocyte until its expulsion at ovulation.
Scale-up methodology for chemical flooding

Accurate simulation of chemical flooding requires a detailed understanding of numerous complex mechanisms and model parameters where grid size has a substantial impact upon results. In this research we show the effect of grid size on parameters such as phase behavior, interfacial tension, surfactant dilution and salinity gradient for chemical flooding of a very heterogeneous oil reservoir. The effective propagation of the surfactant slug in the reservoir is of paramount importance and the salinity gradient is a key factor in ensuring the process effectiveness. The larger the grid block size, the greater the surfactant dilution, which in turn erroneously reduces the effectiveness of the process indicated with low simulated oil recoveries. We show that the salinity gradient is not adequately captured by coarse grid simulations of heterogeneous reservoirs and this leads to performance predictions with lower recovery compared to fine grid simulations. Due to the highly coupled, nonlinear interactions of the many chemical and physical processes involved in chemical flooding, it is better to use fine-grid simulations rather than coarse grids with upscaled physical properties whenever feasible. However, the upscaling methodology for chemical flooding presented in this work accounts approximately for some of the more important effects, as demonstrated by comparison of fine grid and coarse grid results and is very different than the way other enhanced oil recovery methods are upscaled. This is a step towards making better performance predictions of chemical flooding for large field projects where it is not currently feasible to perform the large number of simulations required to properly consider different designs, optimization, risk and uncertainty using fine-grid simulations.
Dielectric composites with a high and temperature-independent dielectric constant

Dielectric composites made using P(VDF-CTFE) 88/12 mol% as polymer matrix and both micro-sized and nano-sized CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) particles as filler are developed. These composites exhibit high dielectric constant with a small dielectric loss. More importantly, it is found that the dielectric constant of these composites is almost independent of temperature from 25 °C to 125 °C. Comparing the composites made using micro-sized CCTO particles, the composites made using nano-sized CCTO particles exhibit a smaller dielectric loss. The dielectric properties of these composites indicate that the nano-sized CCTO particles have a smaller dielectric constant than the micro-sized CCTO particles.
Migrating to web services: a performance engineering approach

In this paper we look at several performance pitfalls that Web services are facing today and at the performance penalties that have to be paid when exposing a legacy application as a Web service. We investigate two performance metrics of Web services, latency and scalability, and compare them with those of legacy middleware. The goal of the paper is to show how the performance penalties can be mitigated by following the principles and methods of performance engineering. Performance models can help the migration decisions, especially when new architectures or new deployment topologies are sought. The paper shows the mechanisms of building and solving a performance model involving Web services. An example is presented throughout the paper.
A robust adaptive multi-spectral object detection by using wavelet transform

A robust multi-spectral adaptive object detection algorithm is derived for a multiple spatial resolution and orientation decomposition image mode by using a wavelet transform. The second-order statistical moments of the wavelet transform are computed for a random image field and then used to develop a generalized maximum likelihood ratio test and to analyze detection performance. The computational cost of the new detector can be reduced substantially when compared to conventional spatial size and orientation matched filter-bank approach by using a coarse-to-fine spatial matching strategy. >
ε‐(γ‐Glutamyl)lysine Crosslink Distribution in Foods as Determined by Improved Method

Quantitative analysis of e-(γ-glutamyl)lysine crosslink in 127 foods was achieved with a, preliminary separation by reverse phase-HPLC before o-phthalaldehyde derivatization to remove interfering peaks. e-(γ-Glutamyl)lysine was detected in 96 foods and its contents ranged from 0.2 to 135 μmol/lOOg protein. High levels were found in fish paste products, processed fish, shellfish, meats and soybeans, and raw poultry organs. For fish and meats, the level of e-(γ-glutamyl)lysine in processed foods and fish paste was relatively higher than that in raw materials. The improved procedure could be applied for screening materials with transglutaminase activities.
Carotenoid and retinoid metabolism: insights from isotope studies.

Use of isotopes as tracers has had an important role in elucidating key features of vitamin A and retinoid metabolism in animal models and humans. Their use has shown that β-carotene absorption is variable, and that the appearance of β-carotene and its metabolites in the blood by time since dosing follows characteristic patterns. Retinol formed from β-carotene shows a different pattern, as does lutein. In this article, we summarize and discuss insights and some surprises into the absorption and metabolism of vitamin A, β-carotene, and lutein that were gained with the use of isotope tracers in humans, rats, and cells as models.
Snapshot and Continuous Data Collection in Probabilistic Wireless Sensor Networks

Data collection is a common operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), of which the performance can be measured by its achievable network capacity. Most existing works studying the network capacity issue are based on the unpractical model called deterministic network model. In this paper, a more reasonable model, probabilistic network model, is considered. For snapshot data collection, we propose a novel Cell-based Path Scheduling (CPS) algorithm that achieves capacity of Ω(1/ 5ω ln n·W) in the sense of the worst case and order-optimal capacity in the sense of expectation, where n is the number of sensor nodes, ω is a constant, and W is the data transmitting rate. For continuous data collection, we propose a Zone-based Pipeline Scheduling (ZPS) algorithm. ZPS significantly speeds up the continuous data collection process by forming a data transmission pipeline, and achieves a capacity gain of N√n/√(log n) ln n or n/log n ln n times better than the optimal capacity of the snapshot data collection scenario in order in the sense of the worst case, where N is the number of snapshots in a continuous data collection task. The simulation results also validate that the proposed algorithms significantly improve network capacity compared with the existing works.
A Review of Current State of Knowledge Concerning Perkinsus marinus Effects on Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) (the Eastern Oyster)

The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), is both an important component of our estuaries and an important farmed food animal along the east and south coasts of the United States. Its populations have been significantly diminished in the wild due to decades of overfishing beginning in the 1890s. Unfortunately, in 1950, a new disease in eastern oysters caused by the protistan agent, Perkinsus marinus, was identified. The disease, resulting from infection with this protozoan, leads to high mortality of both wild and cultured eastern oysters. Current restoration efforts are hampered by the disease, as is the aquaculture of this economically important food. The parasite infects hemocytes and causes hemolytic anemia and general degeneration of the tissues, leading to death. Ongoing research efforts are attempting to develop oysters resistant to the disease. Transport regulations exist in may states. Infection with P. marinus is listed as a reportable disease by the World Health Organization.
Distinct glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17 cytokines in murine T hybridomas and primary cells (IRC11P.428)

Cytokine suppression contributes to the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs). However, IL-17 has been reported to be resistant to GC regulation in asthma, nasal polyps, and Crohn’s disease. In contrast, a negative GC-response element has been identified in the promoter region of the IL-17 gene and IL-17 was sensitive to GC suppression in a murine asthma model. To clarify whether IL-17 and other Th17 cytokines are sensitive to GC regulation, we generated Th17 hybridoma cells by fusing in vitro differentiated murine (bl/6) Th17 cells with BW5147 thymoma. Two clones selectively expressing IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and GM-CSF were stable for over 30 generations. Additional clones selectively expressing IFN-γ or IL-4, but not Th17 cytokines and BW5147 cells that produce little or no cytokines were used as controls. Dexamethasone, a potent GC, significantly inhibited anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-stimulated IFN-γ, IL-4, as well as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in various clones. Interestingly, IL-17A and IL-17F, but not IL-22, were resistant to GC suppression in in vitro differentiated Th17 cells. Furthermore, hybridomas, but not in vitro differentiated Th17 cells underwent GC-induced apoptosis. IL-6 partially rescues hybridomas from GC-induced apoptosis, however it did not modulate IL-17 suppression by GCs. Our findings support that IL-17A and IL-17F are capable of being downregulated by GCs and Th17 cell microenvironment and cellular milleu engender GC resistance.
Assessing Service Quality: Satisfying the Expectations of Library Customers, by Peter Hernon, Ellen Altman, and Robert E. Dugan

Assessing Service Quality, now in its third edition, is a valuable assessment tool and resource guide for academic libraries of all types and sizes, including health sciences libraries. Originally ...