cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Typical somatic symptoms of pregnancy and their impact on a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Abstract Objective We sought to determine whether trimester of pregnancy influences the ability to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD). Method Eight hundred thirty-eight subjects completed a Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) before 17 weeks of pregnancy, at 26–30 weeks of pregnancy and at 4–12 weeks postpartum. Subjects responded to a checklist of MDD symptoms regardless of stem question endorsement. We compared rates of symptom expression by response (Y/N) to stem questions, and trimester, using logit analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves determined optimal EPDS thresholds. Results Most symptoms from the DSM-IV checklist were endorsed significantly more often in the first compared to later trimesters (odds ratios ranged from 1.39 to 14.16 for the first vs. later trimesters), independent of response to depression stem questions or medication treatment. Despite this, stem-positive and stem-negative groups differed significantly for 10 out of 13 symptoms (odds ratios, 2.29–6.89), independent of trimester. The EPDS had an optimal cutoff of 10 and showed acceptable predictive value. Conclusions Pregnant women commonly experience somatic and other symptoms in this first trimester, but depressed women still differ from those who are not depressed. “Appetite increase,” “oversleeping” and “increase in energy” (e.g., agitation) were uninformative with regard to an MDD diagnosis.
My Love Affair With My Arrogant Hair

Signithia Fordham writes elegantly, passionately, and poetically about her relationship with her hair.
Driving skill characterization: A feasibility study

Information about driver's driving skill can be used to adapt vehicle control parameters to facilitate the specific driver's needs in terms of vehicle performance and driving pleasure. This paper presents an approach to driving skill characterization from a pattern-recognition perspective. The basic idea is to extract patterns that reflect the driver's driving skill level from the measurements of the driver's behavior and the vehicle response. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using pattern recognition approach to characterize driver's handling skill. This paper concludes with the discussions of the challenges and future works to bring the proposed technique to practical use.
Short and Long-Term Effects of Compromised Birth Weight, Head Circumference, and Apgar Scores on Neuropsychological Development

Background: Low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) is an adverse perinatal risk that may reflect a poor intrauterine environment. While LBW has been a well-known predictor of physical, neurological, cognitive and psychological deficits later in life, minimal research has been done on small head circumference and low 5 minute Apgar scores, and their association with subsequent developmental abnormalities. Objective: The current study aims to demonstrate that small head circumference and low 5-minute Apgar scores are predictors for developmental abnormalities throughout childhood and later. Methods: Using a longitudinal design, 2,151 individuals’ physical, neurological, and cognitive functioning in childhood, as well as psychological functioning in adulthood, was assessed as a function of three perinatal risk factors: LBW, small head circumference and low Apgar scores. Results: Similar to findings with LBW, small head circumference or a low Apgar score were associated with increased number of hospital visits (p<0.0001 and p=0.005 respectively) and neurological abnormalities (p<0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) at age 1. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores at ages 4 and 7 were significantly lower for those born with small head circumference (p<0.0001) or low Apgar scores (p=0.002). Finally, the incidence of anxiety in adulthood was significantly higher for those born with small head circumference (p=0.03) or low Apgar scores (p=0.004) compared to their counterpart. Conclusion: Small head circumference and low a Apgar score are predictors of later physical, neurological, cognitive and psychological abnormalities, and can complement LBW, a more frequently used perinatal risk factor, and thus be used to screen for future developmental deficits, together with LBW.
A performance comparison of asynchronous atomic broadcast protocols

Atomic broadcast ensures that concurrent updates to replicated data maintained by a process group are consistently delivered to all group members despite random communication delays and failures. By simplifying the programming of applications that use replicated data, atomic broadcast provides basic support for implementing fault-tolerance in distributed systems. This paper reports discrete event simulation results that compare the performance of four asynchronous atomic broadcast protocols. We investigate five performance indexes: average delivery time, average stability time, average number of physical messages sent per update broadcast, maximum buffer size, and distribution of processing load among group members. These indexes are measured as a function of group size and update interarrival time, both in the absence of failures and in the presence of a single communication failure. Our comparison shows that there is no overall best protocol. We identify those application areas where a protocol dominates the other protocols and we discuss some protocol design techniques for achieving good performance.
Maximum Lift Production During Takeoff in Flying Animals

Maximum lift production during takeoff in still air was determined for a wide variety of insects and a small sample of birds and bats, and was compared with variation in morphology, taxonomy and wingbeat type. Maximum lift per unit flight muscle mass was remarkably similar between taxonomic groups (54–63 N kg−1), except for animals using clap-and-fling wingbeats, where muscle mass-specific lift increased by about 25 % (72–86 N kg−1). Muscle mass-specific lift was independent of body mass, wing loading, disk loading and aspect ratio. Birds and bats yielded results indistinguishable from insects using conventional wingbeats. Interspecific differences in short-duration powered flight and takeoff ability are shown to be caused primarily by differences in flight muscle ratio, which ranges from 0.115 to 0.560 among species studied to date. These results contradict theoretical predictions that maximum mass-specific power output and lift production should decrease with increasing body mass and wing disk loading.
Major depression: its recognition and treatment. Part 2. Second-generation and newer antidepressants.

Abstract Newer agents, including the serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors, provide more alternatives for individualizing therapy of patients with major depression.
Song Groups in a Singing Assembly of Little Hermits

Displaying Little Hermits (Phaethornis longuemareus, Trochilidae) cluster year after year in particular areas of forest rather than dispersing throughout the habitat, and their singing continues throughout most of the day and year (Skutch 1951, 1954; Arp 1957; Snow 1968). To this extent, their singing assemblies resemble the leks, or communal display grounds, of some other birds in Neotropical forests. However, the Little Hermit differs from the wellstudied, lek-forming manakins (Pipridae) (Sick 1967; Snow 1962a, b; Chapman 1935) and Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola, Rupicolidae) (Gilliard 1962), in two important respects. First, a feature shared by all Phaethornis hummingbirds is the relatively slight sexual dimorphism in coloration and size. The sexes of the Little Hermit are apparently indistinguishable in the field. If the hermits have leks, they constitute an exception to the long-recognized correlation between considerable sexual dimorphism and promiscuous mating habits, which characterize lek-forming species (Darwin 1871; Sibley 1957). Three displaying Little Hermits collected at one singing assembly were all males (Arp 1957), so the persistently displaying birds at an assembly are probably males. A second peculiarity of Little Hermits is the presence of song groups within their singing assemblies. Snow (1968), who first recognized this phenomenon, described neighboring males with similar songs which differed from the songs of other groups of males in the same singing assembly. Furthermore, the songs at most of the singing perches in one assembly appeared to remain constant in the course of three years, suggesting either that individual males retain the same perches from year to year and enjoy relatively high survival rates, or that the males succeeding each other at one singing perch tend to have similar songs. In order to compare all the song groups in one singing assembly of Little Hermits, I studied an assembly in the Arima Valley, Trinidad, from 21 January to 3 February 1969 during the peak of the species' nesting season (Snow and Snow 1964). I mapped the singing perches and recorded the songs of almost all the birds at this assembly. PROCEDURES
Determination of trace metals in seawater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with preconcentration on silica-immobilized 8-hydroxyquinoline in a flow-system

A flow-system utilizing a miniature column packed with silica-immobilized 8-hydroxyquinoline (I-8-HOQ) was used for the preconcentration of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Co from seawater prior to their determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Enrichment factors sufficient to permit the analysis of an open ocean seawater reference material using 50 ml sample volumes (100 ml for Co determinations) were obtained. Recoveries of the above elements from seawater averaged 93% (range 87–97%) with absolute blanks ranging between 0.04 ng (Ni) and 4.0 ng (Fe). Estimated detection limits for these elements vary from 0.2 ng l−1 (Co) to 40 ng l−1 (Fe) based on a 50 ml sample volume (100 ml for Co).
Distribution and Occurrence of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasite of Artogeia rapae in Washington and Oregon

Cotesia (=Apanteles) rubecula Marshall, a solitary endoparasite of the imported cabbageworm, Artogeia (=Pieris) rapae (L.), known to occur in British Columbia, Canada, since 1963, was first found in the United States (Yakima, Washington) in 1984. Distribution and parasitism levels were recorded for this parasite from 1985 through 1988 at selected sites in Washington and Oregon; it was recovered at 12 of 16 locations. In Washington, it was recovered at all nine locations where surveys were made. It was recovered at two locations in northern Oregon and one in west-central Oregorl, but was not recovered at four locations south of Corvallis, Oreg. Maximum parasitism in Washington ranged from 19 to 100% and occurred toward the end of the growing season. Levels of parasitism by C. rubecula were lower in Oregon, and 50% was the highest level recorded (Hermiston and Hillsboro). Distribution of C. rubecula is discussed in relation to that of C. glomerata .
Controllable Nanoparticle Radiative Properties for High-Turndown Ratio Heat Rejection

Heat rejection systems in spacecraft are limited to rejcting heat via radiation only. This limitation to one mode of heat transfer coupled with the dynamic sink temperatures experienced during orbit result in either oversized devices or widely varying temperature conditions of the radiator. This issue results in a desire to create a radiatior capable of dynamically adjusting the amount (e.g. turndown) of heat rejection. Proposed methods for achieving high levels of turndown include mechanical louvers, electroand thermochromic radiators, and two-loop systems. Most of these systems rely on additional control systems to ensure turndown occurs. Here we propose a novel system that passively controls heat rejection through the integration of a system with multifunctional nanoparticles with controllable radiative properties. The system is theoretically analyzed to demonstrate the performance that could be achieved by such a device.
The interplay of frequency of volunteering and prosocial motivation on purpose in life in emerging adults

One developmental task in emerging adulthood is finding meaning and purpose in life. Volunteering has been touted as one role that fosters purpose in life. We examined whether the association between frequency of volunteering and purpose in life varies with pleasure-based prosocial motivation and pressure-based prosocial motivation in a sample of 576 undergraduates, ages 18-22 years old. In a regression analysis predicting purpose in life, the frequency of volunteering by pleasure-based prosocial motivation by pressure-based prosocial motivation interaction effect was significant (p = .042). Simple slopes analyses revealed that frequency of volunteering was not significantly (p = .478) related to purpose in life among college students who were low in both pleasure-based and pressure-based prosocial motivation. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of prosocial motivation for understanding whether emerging adults' purpose in life will be enhanced by volunteering.
The Invisibility of Nature: Garbage, Play Forts, and the Deterritorialization of Urban Nature Spaces

Many nature spaces in urban environments, which fall outside the designation “parkland,” have become invisible, neglected, and trashed. However, they are also the sites of children’s play forts and secret places. This chapter inquires into the twin phenomena of garbage and play forts as a consequence of a peculiar invisibility of nature. Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of territorialization is applied to think through the phenomenon of garbage by addressing the political dimensions of the invisibility of nature in local urban settings and the loss of a relationship with nature places in cities. Langeveld’s concept of determined and undetermined places helps us grasp the importance of children’s secret nature places and develop a model for a renewed topophilia, which leads to attachment and care for local natural places and their psychological inclusion in a neighborhood’s commons.
Evaluation of the ability of Acinetobacter baumannii to form biofilms on six different biomedical relevant surfaces.

The human opportunistic pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, has the propensity to form biofilms and frequently cause medical device-related infections in hospitals. However, the physio-chemical properties of medical surfaces, in addition to bacterial surface properties, will affect colonization and biofilm development. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms on six different materials common to the hospital environment: glass, porcelain, stainless steel, rubber, polycarbonate plastic and polypropylene plastic. Biofilms were developed on material coupons in a CDC biofilm reactor. Biofilms were visualized and quantified using fluorescent staining and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by direct viable cell counts. Image analysis of CLSM stacks indicated that the mean biomass values for biofilms grown on glass, rubber, porcelain, polypropylene, stainless steel and polycarbonate were 0·04, 0·26, 0·62, 1·00, 2·08 and 2·70 μm3/μm2 respectively. Polycarbonate developed statistically more biofilm mass than glass, rubber, porcelain and polypropylene. Viable cell counts data were in agreement with the CLSM-derived data. In conclusion, polycarbonate was the most accommodating surface for A. baumannii ATCC 17978 to form biofilms while glass was least favourable. Alternatives to polycarbonate for use in medical and dental devices may need to be considered. Significance and Impact of the Study In the hospital environment, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most persistent and difficult to control opportunistic pathogens. The persistence of A. baumannii is due, in part, to its ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. This study demonstrates that A. baumannii can form biofilms on a variety of different surfaces and develops substantial biofilms on polycarbonate – a thermoplastic material that is often used in the construction of medical devices. The findings highlight the need to further study the in vitro compatibility of medical materials that could be colonized by A. baumannii and allow it to persist in hospital settings.
Temporary Diplopia After Gow-Gates Injection: Case Report and Review

Complications associated with various local anesthetic techniques have been recorded in case reports and reviews. This current case reports a transient incident of blurred, double vision (diplopia) following a Gow-Gates mandibular block injection. There is descriptive discussion on possibilities associated with intra-arterial injection, intravenous injection, diffusion through tissue planes, and the autonomic nervous system pathway to lend credence suggesting the etiology of the complication. For practitioners, recognizing when a complication arises from anesthesia delivery and managing the patient in an appropriate manner is essential to an overall agreeable outcome.
Genome-wide uniformity of human ‘open’ pre-initiation complexes

Transcription of protein-coding and noncoding DNA occurs pervasively throughout the mammalian genome. Their sites of initiation are generally inferred from transcript 5' ends and are thought to be either locally dispersed or focused. How these two modes of initiation relate is unclear. Here, we apply permanganate treatment and chromatin immunoprecipitation (PIP-seq) of initiation factors to identify the precise location of melted DNA separately associated with the preinitiation complex (PIC) and the adjacent paused complex (PC). This approach revealed the two known modes of transcription initiation. However, in contrast to prevailing views, they co-occurred within the same promoter region: initiation originating from a focused PIC, and broad nucleosome-linked initiation. PIP-seq allowed transcriptional orientation of Pol II to be determined, which may be useful near promoters where sufficient sense/anti-sense transcript mapping information is lacking. PIP-seq detected divergently oriented Pol II at both coding and noncoding promoters, as well as at enhancers. Their occupancy levels were not necessarily coupled in the two orientations. DNA sequence and shape analysis of initiation complex sites suggest that both sequence and shape contribute to specificity, but in a context-restricted manner. That is, initiation sites have the locally "best" initiator (INR) sequence and/or shape. These findings reveal a common core to pervasive Pol II initiation throughout the human genome.
Neural network based estimation of pressure loss coefficients in dividing flows

The paper proposes a new method based on artificial neural network (ANN) for estimation of pressure loss coefficients in Tee Junction for dividing flows. The selected features are given as input to the ANN including flow and geometry parameters of Tee Junction for training and pressure loss coefficients are estimated in an efficient manner. The paper also gives comparison results of ANN based approach with the experimental results of pressure loss coefficients that demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed ANN based estimates for varying geometries and flow parameters in dividing flows.
Respirator Use Among US Farm Operators with Asthma: Results from the 2011 Farm and Ranch Safety Survey.

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the national prevalence of respirator use among farm operators with farm work–related asthma and factors associated with respirator use. Methods: The authors examined the 2011 Farm and Ranch Safety Survey, a national survey collected from 11,210 actively farming farm operators in the United States. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPORs) of respirator use were calculated by demographic characteristics, farm characteristics, asthma characteristics, and selected exposures and hazards. Results: Among the estimated 2.2 million farm operators in 2011, 35.7% reported using a respirator in the past 12 months. Respirator use was significantly (P < .05) associated with age, marital status, sex, smoking status, farm value of sales, farm type, farm acreage, and geographic region. Operators who work with pesticides were 3.5 times more likely to use respirator than those who did not work with pesticides (P < .0001). Among those with current asthma, 60.8% of opera...
Retirement: 401k, Roth IRAs, College Funds, and More

In the following discussion, financial retirement preparation issues are addressed so that a surgeon is financially prepared for retirement. We discuss assembling an advisory team, determining the financial target, and obtaining the financial goal considering income benefits and asset accumulation benefits. Short- and long-term investment strategies including Social Security, pension plans, annuities, individual retirement arrangements (IRAs), life insurance, stocks, bonds, and mutual funds are reviewed. Retirement for the surgeon requires careful financial planning to maintain an acceptable quality of life.
Vaccine-Primed Lymph Node Cells in the Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancer: Presence of Host Immune Suppression Induced by Established Cancer

Lymph nodes represent critical lymphoid compartments where antigen-presenting cells interact with T cells to propagate cellular immune responses. As such, they represent a unique source of “pre-effector” T cells that can be induced by the regional inoculation of tumor antigen as a vaccine. Utilizing this concept, we have been able to generate tumor-reactive T cells from vaccine-primed lymph nodes (VPLNs) that can mediate tumor regression in adoptive immunotherapy. This chapter describes how this pre-effector response in VPLNs can be suppressed by the presence of established systemic tumor. This suppression involves the B7-H1/PD-1 axis as well as TGF-β. Methods to block these suppressive mechanisms will be important in improving future adoptive cellular therapy approaches.
Joining sheet aluminum AA6061-T4 to cast magnesium AM60B by vaporizing foil actuator welding: Input energy, interface, and strength

Abstract Dissimilar joining of sheet aluminum AA6061-T4 to cast magnesium AM60B was achieved by vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW). Three input energy levels were used (6, 8, and 10 kJ), and as a trend, higher input energies resulted in progressively higher flyer velocities, more pronounced interfacial wavy features, larger weld zones, higher peel strengths, and higher peel energies. In all cases, weld cross section revealed a soundly bonded interface characterized by well-developed wavy features and lack of voids and continuous layers of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). At 10 kJ input energy, flyer speed of 820 m/s, peel strength of 22.4 N/mm, and peel energy of 5.2 J were obtained. In lap-shear, failure occurred in AA6061-T4 flyer at 97% of the base material’s peak tensile load. Peel samples failed along the weld interface, and the AM60B-side of the fracture surface showed thin, evenly-spaced lines of Al residuals which had been torn out of the base AA6061-T4 in a ductile fashion and transferred over to the AM60B side, indicating very strong AA6061-T4/AM60B bond in these areas. This work demonstrates VFAW’s capability in joining dissimilar lightweight metals such as Al/Mg, which is expected to be a great enabler in the ongoing push for vehicle weight reduction.
Temporal and geographic variation in the systemic treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

Several systemic treatments have been shown to increase survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This study sought to characterize variation in use of the six “focus drugs” (docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, radium-223, and cabazitaxel) that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer during the years 2010–2015. We hypothesized that the use of these treatments would vary over time and by region of the country. We used Clinformatics DataMart™ Database (OptumInsight, Eden Prairie, MN), a de-identified claims database from a national insurance provider. Our sample included patients with prostate cancer who received any of the six drugs. We describe changes in usage patterns over time and geographic region of the United States via detailed descriptive statistics. We explore both patterns of first line therapy and sequence of treatments in our database. Our final analysis included 4275 patients with a mean age of 74 years. Docetaxel was the most commonly used first-line therapy in 2010 (97%), 2011 (66%), and 2012 (49%). Abiraterone was the most commonly used first-line therapy in 2013 (56%), 2014 (46%), and 2015 (34%). Approximately 14% of our study cohort received ≥3 of the 6 drugs throughout their disease course. There was marked geographic variation in use of each of the drugs. Variation in treatment patterns were found with respect to both time and geographic location. Prescription rates of abiraterone outpaced docetaxel as the most commonly prescribed drug after 2013 when it became widely available. However, some regions of the country still lagged behind and prescribed less than would be expected.
Immunoglobulin Light Chain and Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis

Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma B cells that secrete large amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. The free light chains circulate in serum and form amyloid fibrils on vital organs such as the kidney, heart, and liver causing organ failure and eventually death. Multiple myeloma (MM) is another type of B-cell malignancy. MM results in bone lesions, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and anemia. Free light chains from MM patients are non-amyloidogenic. There is a small subset of MM patients (10–15%) that also develop light-chain amyloidosis complications. Amyloid fibrils are derived from the N-terminal region of the light-chain variable domain (VL). Due to the antigen-driven selection process, there is a large degree of mutational variability, thus each patient has a unique VL sequence. In some cases, the organ involvement has some correlation between VL subtype and germ-line donor sequence gene. To understand the amyloidogenicity of AL proteins, their thermodynamic properties have been compared with non-amyloidogenic MM proteins. Generally, AL proteins have lower thermodynamic stability than MM proteins. Current and future research is focusing on understanding the mutational diversity and organ tropism associated with AL, as well as understanding which species along the amyloid fibril formation pathway causes cellular toxicity. The current treatment for AL targets the plasma cell clone. Chemotherapy and peripheral stem cell transplantation are commonly used. Future therapies to treat this disease could involve small molecules that stabilize the folded state and inhibit amyloid fibril formation and molecules that bind to amyloid fibrils, destabilize the fibrils, thus reducing the amyloid burden. In this chapter, we discuss the structure, truncations, mutational diversity, and organ tropism of immunoglobulin light chains, thermodynamics, and fibril formation studies using AL and MM proteins and the current treatment options and also discuss directions in the study and treatment of AL.
Abstract 2581: Plasma HPV cell free DNA as an earlier predictor of treatment response in advanced oropharyngeal cancer

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the majority of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), with a rising incidence of OPSCC predominantly among middle-aged men. Tumor-derived HPV cell-free (cf)DNA can be detected and quantified in circulation with high sensitivity and specificity. Although cfDNA has limited clinical application in monitoring locoregional spread of these tumors, up to 10% of HPV+ OPSCC patients present or recur with distant, metastatic disease. The potential of HPV DNA monitoring in this setting remains largely unexplored. Methods: We present a proof-of-concept prospective observational cohort of recurrent, metastatic (R/M) HPV+ OPSCC patients treated with standard systemic therapies. We utilized droplet digital (dd)PCR to identify and quantify HPV cfDNA (strains 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45) at multiple time points throughout treatment. We then compared HPV cfDNA concentration at various timepoints with clinical parameters such as disease burden and treatment response. Results: Clinicopathologic data from 12 R/M patients revealed a predominantly male cohort (11/12, 92%) with a median age of 55 at diagnosis. Eight (67%) were on immunotherapy treatments and the other four on standard chemotherapy during the study period (2.5 months). Plasma HPV cfDNA was detected in 6/12 (50%) samples (range 0-4460 copies/mL) in at least one timepoint during the study. All patients with undetectable HPV cfDNA had evidence of stable, low burden disease or no measurable lesions (near-complete response) on their current therapy. HPV cfDNA levels strongly correlated with both disease burden (p Conclusion: Our results suggest that high sensitivity plasma HPV cfDNA levels can be an early indicator of treatment response. HPV cfDNA monitoring could significantly impact clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes by informing treatment response or failure. Further studies are underway to validate these findings and determine how early cfDNA can detect metastatic disease. Citation Format: Glenn J. Hanna, Julianna G. Supplee, Yanan Kuang, Kate Geary, Pasi A. Janne, Robert I. Haddad, Cloud P. Paweletz. Plasma HPV cell free DNA as an earlier predictor of treatment response in advanced oropharyngeal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2581.
A Review of Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

Primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) comprise a range of diseases (LyP, pcALCL, and borderline lesions) with broad histologic and phenotypical characteristics, although they all share the common feature of a favorable prognosis notwithstanding histology suggestive of a high-grade lymphoma. Given their cytomorphologic similarities, accurate diagnosis and workup are needed to differentiate these distinct entities in order to best use novel biologic therapies and avoid aggressive overtreatment. Moreover, although CD30+ LPDs have a favorable prognosis, secondary malignancies should be considered as part of the initial evaluation, and patients should have ongoing surveillance.
Refractive outcomes of phacoemulsification after pars plana vitrectomy using traditional and new intraocular lens calculation formulas.

Purpose To evaluate refractive outcomes of cataract surgery in previously vitrectomized eyes and compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in this population. Setting Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods All electronic medical records of patients who had phacoemulsification from 2013 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients who had previously had pars plana vitrectomy in the same eye were selected. Patients with a history of refractive surgery, silicone oil in the eye, or other factors preventing accurate IOL power calculation were excluded. Results The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was −0.16 diopter (D) ± 0.81 (SD) (n = 61). The mean prediction errors were 0.30 ± 0.82 D, −0.09 ± 0.76 D, 0.23 ± 0.76 D, 0.25 ± 0.81 D, 0.04 ± 0.85 D, 0.30 ± 0.82 D, 0.33 ± 0.79 D, and 0.45 ± 0.80 D with the Holladay 1, Wang/Koch (WKA) adjusted Holladay 1 (n = 14), Holladay 2 (n = 48), SRK/T, WKA SRK/T (n = 14), Hill-Radial Basis Function (n = 50), and Ladas formulas, respectively. The formula with the highest percentage of predictions within ±0.50 D of the postoperative outcome was the Holladay 2 (60.42%). Statistically significant differences between the predicted and actual refractive outcomes were found with all formulas (P Conclusions Refractive outcomes after cataract extraction in vitrectomized patients can be variable and more hyperopic than the predicted outcomes using traditional and newer IOL calculation methods. Thus, predicting refractive outcomes in this population is challenging, and patients should be counseled accordingly.
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Third Edition (WISC-III)

David Wechsler placed a great deal of emphasis on the assessment of general intelligence even though his original test featured both Verbal and Performance scales. Wechsler viewed intelligence as a complex interaction of abilities that produce intelligent behavior that reflects “g.” He explained But Vocabulary is a better test of intelligence than a Form Board, primarily because people can express themselves more meaningfully in verbal than in geometric symbols. This, of course, would not hold in the case of deaf-mutes or individuals who are in the habit ofthinking spatially, manipulatively or in any other way. Hence, as a generalprinciple, an effective test ofintelligence should be made up of tasks calling upon as many “abilities” as possible. This was intuitively perceived by Binet, who was thefirst to devise an effective test ofgeneral intelligence. (p. 16, 1958)
“Lurched Forward and Stopped”: Last Stop on Market Street and Black Mobility

This article examines the racialized productions of space in Matt de la Pena and Christian Robinson’s 2015 picturebook Last Stop on Market Street, arguing that depictions of characters’ movements show how Black mobility constitutes a form of resistance to state circumscription. Language and illustrations both work to portray CJ and Nana’s environment as fundamentally flexible, often exceeding the confines of what appears to be possible. The geographies of their journey on a city bus privilege communication, alternative epistemologies, and the spatial transcendence of creativity over literalism. Yet, importantly, other realities also impact the way characters move; the carceral regulation of Black people within the United States inevitably shadows this book’s spatial optimism, and Nana’s loving surveillance and careful direction shape the outlines of CJ’s imagination. To move while Black, Market Street suggests, is to create new possibilities within the confines of limitations, the process of motion a continual and unsettled oscillation.
The Future of the Field: Highlighting Graduate Student Work in Ukrainian Studies

Guest editor's introduction to the special thematic section "Platforma: New Frontiers in Ukrainian Studies."
Glutamate Systems in DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders: Their Role and a Review of Glutamate and GABA Psychopharmacology.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines are evidence-based pharmacological treatments for Anxiety Disorders targeting serotonin and GABAergic systems, respectively. Although clearly effective, these medications fail to improve anxiety symptoms in a significant proportion of patients. New insights into the glutamate system have directed attention toward drugs that modulate glutamate as potential alternative treatments for anxiety disorders. Here we summarize the current understanding of the potential role of glutamate neurotransmission in anxiety disorders and highlight specific glutamate receptors that are potential targets for novel anxiety disorder treatments. We also review clinical trials of medications targeting the glutamate system in DSM-5 anxiety disorders. Understanding the role of the glutamate system in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorder may aid in developing novel pharmacological agents that are effective in treating anxiety disorders.
LRAT coordinates the negative-feedback regulation of intestinal retinoid biosynthesis from β-carotene

Abstract There is increasing recognition that dietary lipids can affect the expression of genes encoding their metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and binding proteins. This mechanism plays a pivotal role in controlling tissue homeostasis of these compounds and avoiding diseases. The regulation of retinoid biosynthesis from β-carotene (BC) is a classic example for such an interaction. The intestine-specific homeodomain transcription factor (ISX) controls the activity of the vitamin A-forming enzyme β-carotene oxygenase-1 in intestinal enterocytes in response to increasing concentration of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid. However, it is unclear how cells control the concentration of the signaling molecule in this negative-feedback loop. We demonstrate in mice that the sequestration of retinyl esters by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is central for this process. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches in mice, we observed that in LRAT deficiency, the transcription factor ISX became hypersensitive to dietary vitamin A and suppressed retinoid biosynthesis. The dysregulation of the pathway resulted in BC accumulation and vitamin A deficiency of extrahepatic tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of retinoid signaling and genetic depletion of the Isx gene restored retinoid biosynthesis in enterocytes. We provide evidence that the catalytic activity of LRAT coordinates the negative-feedback regulation of intestinal retinoid biosynthesis and maintains optimal retinoid levels in the body.
Smartphone ownership and use of mental health applications by psychiatric inpatients.

Abstract Little is known about the use of mental health smartphone applications during the greatest period of vulnerability - immediately following discharge from a psychiatric inpatient unit. Currently, no data are available regarding smartphone ownership or technology literacy of individuals who receive inpatient psychiatric treatment. The goal of this study was to determine psychiatric inpatients’ smartphone ownership, current uses of, and interest in utilizing apps to aid in mental health treatment after discharge. A single time point self-report survey was given to patients prior to discharge from a psychiatric inpatient unit at a major academic hospital in a metropolitan area of the United States. Of the 101 survey respondents, 82.8% indicated that they own a smartphone, and over 70% indicated that they use smartphone apps, can access the internet from their phones, and use social media. While only 25.3% reported that they currently use a mental health app, a majority of respondents (53.2%) expressed interest in using such apps in the future, and almost 60% would use those apps to track their mental health. Our data suggest that there is significant untapped potential for utilizing smartphone applications for psychiatric monitoring and treatment following discharge from an inpatient psychiatric unit.
Aldose reductase regulates doxorubicin-induced immune and inflammatory responses by activating mitochondrial biogenesis.

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor; fidarestat prevents doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxic side effects and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of fidarestat and its combination with Dox on immune cell activation and the immunomodulatory effects are not known. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of fidarestat in combination with Dox in vivo and in vitro. We observed that fidarestat decreased Dox-induced upregulation of CD11b in THP-1 monocytes. Fidarestat further attenuated Dox-induced upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, and Nos2 in murine BMDM. Fidarestat also attenuated Dox-induced activation and infiltration of multiple subsets of inflammatory immune cells identified by expression of markers CD11b+, CD11b+F4/80+, Ly6C+CCR2high, and Ly6C+CD11b+ in the mouse spleen and liver. Furthermore, significant upregulation of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis PGC-1α, COX IV, TFAM, and phosphorylation of AMPKα1 (Ser485) was observed in THP-1 cells and livers of mice treated with Dox in combination with fidarestat. Our results suggest that fidarestat by up-regulating mitochondrial biogenesis exerts protection against Dox-induced immune and inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, providing further evidence for developing fidarestat as a combination agent with anthracycline drugs to prevent chemotherapy-induced inflammation and toxicity.
Substance use and suicide outcomes among self-injured trauma patients.

Abstract Background Research indicates alcohol (AUD) or substance (SUD) use disorders and acute alcohol or drug use serve as risk factors for suicidal behaviors and death both distally and proximally to a suicidal event. However, limited research has investigated these relationships among medically serious suicide attempters at the time of injury without relying on cohorts of substance users only or by examining suicide decedent characteristics. Methods Data were collected from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) for 2017. The sample comprised patients who engaged in suicidal and self-injurious acts that were medically serious enough to require trauma admission and were tested for alcohol (N = 9,196) or drug (N = 8,121) exposure upon admission. Logistic regression determined relationships between acute alcohol/substance use, presence of AUDs and SUDs and suicide mortality risk, while linear regression evaluated substance conditions and injury severity and length of stay (LOS). Results AUDs (OR = 0.59[0.42−0.83]) and SUDs (OR = 0.66[0.48−0.90]) had reduced odds of death but increased LOS (β = 1.7, p Conclusions While higher BAC may be associated with lower odds of mortality during a single high-risk suicide event, substance users may be at increased risk for worse outcomes over time. Targeted interventions should be considered to interrupt and develop healthy alternatives for survivors with substance use conditions.
mRNA Analysis of Frameshift Mutations with Stop Codon in the Last Exon: The Case of Hemoglobins Campania [α1 cod95 (-C)] and Sciacca [α1 cod109 (-C)].

An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide (nt) in the penultimate or the last exon can result in a frameshift and premature termination codon (PTC), giving rise to an unstable protein variant, showing a dominant phenotype. We described two α-globin mutants created by the deletion of a nucleotide in the penultimate or the last exon of the α1-globin gene: the Hb Campania or α1 cod95 (−C), causing a frameshift resulting in a PTC at codon 102, and the Hb Sciacca or α1 cod109 (−C), causing a frameshift and formation of a PTC at codon 133. The carriers showed α-thalassemia alterations (mild microcytosis with normal Hb A2) and lacked hemoglobin variants. The 3D model indicated the α-chain variants’ instability, due to the severe structural alterations with impairment of the chaperone alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) interaction. The qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of the α1mRNA from the reticulocytes of carriers highlighted a reduction in the variant cDNAs that constituted 34% (Hb Campania) and 15% (Hb Sciacca) of the total α1-globin cDNA, respectively. We developed a workflow for the in silico analysis of mechanisms triggering no-go decay, and its results suggested that the reduction in the variant mRNA was likely due to no-go decay caused by the presence of a rare triplet, and, in the case of Hb Sciacca, also by the mRNA’s secondary structure variation. It would be interesting to correlate the phenotype with the quantity of other frameshift mRNA variants, but very few data concerning α- and β-globin variants are available.
Structured Interviews and Diagnostic Systems

During the late 1970s, while the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) was being developed, the definition of schizophrenia in the United States narrowed, and the concept of schizophrenia as a unitary disease diminished (Haier, 1980). Two considerations contributed greatly to these changes.
Progressive Autoimmune Neuromyotonia with Low Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel-Complex IgG and CASPR2-IgG Following Remote Inflammatory Polyradiculoneuropathy (P4.019)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of autoimmune neuromyotonia with low value voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1-VGKC) IgG and CASPR2-IgG positivity in a patient with a childhood diagnosis of “Guillain-Barre Syndrome.” BACKGROUND: Acquired neuromyotonia is an autoimmune neuromuscular hyperexcitability disorder commonly associated with VGKC-complex autoantibodies. Although the significance of low VGKC-IgG values (immunoprecipitation assays) has been questioned, a recent study reported that a majority of CASPR2/LGI1-positive patients have values of 0.03-0.40 nmol/L (normal range: 0.00-0.02 nmol/L). DESIGN/METHODS/RESULTS: A 25 year-old man presented with progressive chronic neuromyotonia since age 15 with involvement of extremity, trunk and bulbar musculature. The symptoms began 7 years after recovery from an inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, thought to be Guillain-Barre Syndrome, which left him with residual ankle weakness. At recent evaluation, he had total body fasciculations, severe ankle dorsiflexion weakness and trace reduced sensation distally. Nerve conduction studies showed residua of remote polyradiculoneuropathy without demyelinating features. Needle EMG assessment of motor units at rest showed profound short-bursts of complex repetitive-like discharges at 80-100 Hz, ranging in amplitude from 100 µV to 8 mV, in all muscles. Serum enzyme evaluation revealed CK of 2392, slight elevation of AST and ALT, and normal GGT. Biopsy of the triceps muscle showed a mild non-specific myopathy with denervation atrophy associated with reinnervation, attributed to continuous muscle fiber activity. Comprehensive neural autoantibody testing revealed VGKC-IgG of low positive value (0.04 nmol/L). Reflex transfected cell-binding assay revealed negative LGI1-IgG and positive CASPR2-IgG. CASPR2-IgG is more frequent than LGI1 in peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorders. The patient’s autoantibody profile supported the diagnosis of autoimmune neuromyotonia. Whole body PET-CT revealed generalized lymphadenopathy with mild FDG avidity. Oncologic evaluation is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: A low value VGKC-IgG by immunoprecipitation in combination with CASPR2-positivity aided clinical diagnosis of autoimmune neuromyotonia. Disclosure: Dr. Linnoila has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kassardjian has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Gorman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Staff has received research support from BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics. Dr. Litchy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Milone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lennon stands to receive royalty payments for commercial assays to detect of Aquaporin 4-specific Autoantibody. Dr. Klein has nothing to disclose.
Neural correlates of parent–child HPA axis coregulation

Abstract Parents and children have been found to show coordination or coregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This coordination may be reflected in adolescents' neural activation to parent stimuli, particularly in regions of the brain associated with social information processing. This study reports on 22 adolescents (13 males, mean age 17 years), recruited from a longitudinal study to participate in a functional MRI (fMRI) scanning protocol. Approximately 1.5 years before the scan, these same adolescents participated in a family conflict discussion in the lab with both parents, and all three family members provided samples of salivary cortisol five times, before and after the discussion. Multilevel models found positive cross-sectional and time-lagged associations between parents' and youth cortisol. Empirical Bayes (EB) coefficients, extracted from these models to reflect the strength of the relationship between parent and adolescent cortisol, were tested in conjunction with adolescents' neural activation to video clips of their parents taken from the conflict discussion. For both mothers and fathers, youth who showed stronger cortisol coregulation with each parent (both in cross-sectional and time-lagged analyses) showed more activation to that same parent in posteromedial regions (precuneus, posterior cingulate, and retrosplenial cortex) that have been linked with social cognition, e.g. mentalizing about others' emotions. Youths' adrenocortical coregulation with their parents may be reflected in their neural processing of stimuli featuring those same parents.