cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biotin Status Assessed Longitudinally in Pregnant Women

This study assessed biotin nutritional status longitudinally during pregnancy as judged by urinary excretion of biotin and biotin metabolites and by serum concentration of biotin. 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid excretion was also assessed because increased excretion of that acid reflects decreased tissue activity of the biotin-dependent enzyme, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. Thirteen women provided untimed urine samples during both early and late pregnancy. Twelve nonpregnant women served as controls. Biotin and metabolites were determined by a combined HPLC/avidin-binding assay. 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Significance of changes from early to late pregnancy was tested by paired t test; to compare nonpregnant controls with early and late pregnancy, ANOVA was used. During early pregnancy, biotin excretion was not significantly different than controls; however, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid excretion was significantly increased relative to controls (P < 0.0001) and was greater than the upper limit of normal in 9 of 13 women. From early to late pregnancy, biotin excretion decreased in 10 of 13 women (P < 0.01); by late pregnancy, biotin excretion was less than normal in six women. During late pregnancy, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid remained significantly increased relative to controls (P < 0.0001). Serum concentrations of biotin were significantly greater than those of controls during early pregnancy (P < 0.0001) and decreased in each woman from early to late pregnancy (P < 0.0001). These data provide evidence that biotin status decreases during pregnancy.
Feedback Produces Divergence From Prospect Theory in Descriptive Choice

A recent study demonstrated that individuals making experience-based choices underweight small probabilities, in contrast to the overweighting observed in a typical descriptive paradigm. We tested whether trial-by-trial feedback in a repeated descriptive paradigm would engender choices more correspondent with experiential or descriptive paradigms. The results of a repeated gambling task indicated that individuals receiving feedback underweighted small probabilities, relative to their no-feedback counterparts. These results implicate feedback as a critical component during the decision-making process, even in the presence of fully specified descriptive information. A model comparison at the individual-subject level suggested that feedback drove individuals' decision weights toward objective probability weighting.
Diffusion of directed polymers in a strong random environment

We consider a system of random walks or directed polymers interacting with an environment which is random in space and time. It was shown by Imbrie and Spencer that in spatial dimensions three or above the behavior is diffusive if the directed polymer interacts weakly with the environment and if the random environment follows the Bernoulli distribution. Under the same assumption on the random environment as that of lmbrie and Spencer, we establish that in spatial dimensions four or above the behavior is still diffusive even when the directed polymer interacts strongly with the environment. More generally, we can prove that, if the random environment is bounded and if the supremum of the support of the distribution has a positive mass, then there is an integer do such that in dimensions higher than do the behavior of the random polymer is always diffusive.
Factors affecting dropped biceps deformity after tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon.

Purpose: The anatomic and biomechanical factors that influence distal migration of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) after biceps tenotomy procedures are currently not known. This study evaluates the morphology of the proximal LHBT and the force required to cause the biceps to drop distally after tenotomy. Methods: Fourteen human fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 63.6 years) were inspected and placed into diseased and healthy LHBT groups. Diseased tendons showed degenerative changes of fraying, splitting, or hypertrophy, whereas healthy tendons were opaque and intact. The humerus was fixed and the LHBT was detached from the glenoid. The biceps tendon inferior to the bicipital groove was secured to the head of a materials testing device. Force data were recorded to pull the LHBT through the bicipital groove. The tendons were then frozen and cut into 5-mm sections. Digital pictures were taken perpendicular to the sections, and imaging software was used to measure the cross-sectional areas and tendon morphology. Results: Of the LHBTs, 7 were diseased and 7 were healthy. The force required to simulate a dropped biceps deformity was significantly greater in the diseased tendons than in the healthy tendons (mean, 33.03 ± 10.46 N v 21.61 ± 9.1 N; P 2 v 63.93 ± 19.77 mm 2 ; P = .1). Diseased tendons had broader cross-sectional dimensions (flattening) than healthy tendons (mean, 16.39 ± 1.50 mm v 10.97 ± 1.48 mm; P Conclusions: This study shows that diseased tendons with greater flattening have increased force required to travel through the bicipital groove. Clinical Relevance: These data help explain the clinical observation that cosmetic deformity may not result after biceps tenotomy in tendons with disease causing hypertrophy and flattening.
Runtime Hardware Reconfiguration in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent advances in sensors, low-power system-on- a-chip devices, and wireless communications, have prompted a proliferation of wireless sensor networks. As these networks require advanced integration, intensive onboard processing, and low power consumption, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) emerge as a technology that strikes an optimal balance between processing power, energy requirements, and flexibility. Through the power of reconfigurability, wireless sensor network designs containing reprogrammable logic can be upgraded, errors can be fixed, and limited-resource applications can be dynamically reprogrammed in the field. While powerful, this reconfiguration process can be costly in terms of labor and downtime. In order to address these issues we propose a REWISE framework (reconfigurable wireless intelligent sensor networks) for real-time reconfiguration of the programmable logic on sensor nodes through the wireless sensor network communication infrastructure.
Causal thinking and complex system approaches in epidemiology

Identifying biological and behavioural causes of diseases has been one of the central concerns of epidemiology for the past half century. This has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated conceptual and analytical approaches focused on the isolation of single causes of disease states. However, the growing recognition that (i) factors at multiple levels, including biological, behavioural and group levels may influence health and disease, and (ii) that the interrelation among these factors often includes dynamic feedback and changes over time challenges this dominant epidemiological paradigm. Using obesity as an example, we discuss how the adoption of complex systems dynamic models allows us to take into account the causes of disease at multiple levels, reciprocal relations and interrelation between causes that characterize the causation of obesity. We also discuss some of the key difficulties that the discipline faces in incorporating these methods into non-infectious disease epidemiology. We conclude with a discussion of a potential way forward.
Material characterization of the brainstem from oscillatory shear tests

Traumatic damage to the brainstem occurs frequently when the brain skull complex experiences injurious loading especially during those traumatic situations that produce diffuse axonal injury (DAI). DAI has been shown to be dependent on load direction and correlated with regional tissue deformation in response to rotational inertial loads. Possible mechanisms for the selective vulnerability of the brainstem are (1) the geometry of the central nervous system is responsible for producing high tissue strains in these regions, (2) regional differences in overall material stiffness result in larger deformations at these sites, and (3) the anisotropic mechanical properties of these regions lead to a sensitivity to the rotational load direction and magnitude. This paper investigates the latter two hypotheses by performing oscillatory shear tests on adult porcine brainstem in three mutually perpendicular directions. The complex shear moduli were calculated over a range of frequencies (20-200 Hz), for three levels of peak engineering strain (2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%). The directional data demonstrated that the brainstem exhibits significant transversely isotropic behavior. Both components of the complex modulus in which the axonal fibers are oriented parallel to the plane of shear but transverse to the shear direction were significantly higher than those of the other two, mutually indistinguishable test cases across the range of strains tested. By comparison with similar tests on cerebral tissue, these data demonstrated that the brainstem displays a stiffer biomechanical response. These differences were present for both components of the complex shear modulus and were greater as the magnitude of the applied strain increased. The regional stiffness and anisotropic response of the brainstem coupled with its location as a narrow bridge between CNS regions interact to result in the selective vulnerability of this region in rotational loading.
Endovascular Recanalization Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— To assess the outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients not eligible for systemic thrombolysis (outside the 3-hour time window, after surgery, or on anticoagulant) undergoing endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT) at the Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) and to determine US nationwide usage and outcome of ERT in acute ischemic stroke. Methods— Patients treated at CUMC from 2001 to 2004 and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) comprising 20% of all admissions in the United States from 1999 to 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Results— Thirty-one patients underwent ERT. Mean age was 68±14 years, 68% were female, and 45% nonwhite (occlusion sites: internal carotid artery 29%; middle cerebral artery 39%; posterior circulation 32%). Pharmacological or mechanical ERT was initiated beyond 3 hours after symptom onset (median time 4.4 hours) in 61%, 29% had surgery, and 39% were on anticoagulant medication. At discharge, 32% had modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 2 (52% disc...
Gene Expression During Oogenesis and Oocyte Development in Mammals

The ultimate goal in the study of gene expression in oocytes is to understand the special characteristics of the genetic program that confer totipotency on the egg. Totipotency includes both the ability to generate differentiated cells of every description among its progeny and the ability to develop as an organized whole organism. What switches and circuits among genes and gene products maintain or renew such potential at each generation? What special cytoplasmic organization underlies the pattern appearing in the early embryo? Obviously, we are a long way from answering this kind of question.
N-1-1 contingency-constrained optimal power flow by interdiction methods

N-1-1 contingency analysis considers the consecutive loss of two elements in a power system, with intervening time for operator adjustments; the associated reliability criterion was recently included in the NERC Standard TPL-001-1. In this paper, we introduce optimization models for N-1-1 contingency analysis, based on DC optimal power flow considerations. We use mixed-integer programming approaches to optimally model the system adjustments required to avoid potential cascading outages during the primary and secondary contingencies. Contingencies are determined via worst-case interdiction analysis. To facilitate operation during the secondary contingency, line overloads and load shedding are allowed. We test our models and algorithms on several IEEE test systems. Our computational experiments indicate potential for the models to augment comprehensive system operations models, such as unit commitment.
Superconducting Lines for the Transmission of Large Amounts of Electrical Power Over Great Distances: Garwin–Matisoo Revisited Forty Years Later

In 1966, following a decade of discovery and development on A15 compounds, Richard Garwin and Juri Matisoo [1], two research staff members then in the IBM Research Division, submitted for publication a paper examining the prospect to employ one of the most promising of these materials, Nb3Sn, in a cable system for transmission of electricity. The scale of their proposal was truly enormous -100 GW (+/100 kV at 500 kA direct current) over a distance of 1000 km, the entire length refrigerated by liquid helium. At the time, such a cable would have been capable of carrying half the entire electric power generated in the United States, and about one-tenth today. This paper will revisit their vision in the context of the subsequent discovery of high temperature superconductivity twenty years later, and the now emerging availability of long lengths of high performance wire and tape for operation in the 20-80 K range. Whereas the scenario set by Garwin and Matisoo addressed the one-way transmission of electricity from remote coal and nuclear generation multi-plant "farms" to large population centers, we will extend their picture to include two-way transmission on a diurnal or longer period to take advantage of regional electricity pricing and production which has resulted from the deregulation of generation. We conclude that the advent of high temperature superconductivity substantially extends and brings closer both the technical and economic feasibility of Garwin and Matisoo's dream. However, we note, as did they, the caveat that "whether it is desirable or necessary is another matter entirely." We believe this question will be decided in the affirmative as societal demands continue to increase for the clean, reliable and ecologically gentle delivery of large amounts of electric power, a need that was foreseen but not as overriding forty years ago as it is now.
Efficient algorithms for array redistribution

Dynamic redistribution of arrays is required very often in programs on distributed presents efficient algorithms for redistribution between different cyclic(k) distributions, as defined in High Performance Fortran. We first propose special optimized algorithms for a cyclic(x) to cyclic(y) redistribution when x is a multiple of y, or y is a multiple of x. We then propose two algorithms, called the GCD method and the LCM method, for the general cyclic(x) to cyclic(y) redistribution when there is no particular relation between x and y. We have implemented these algorithms on the Intel Touchstone Delta, and find that they perform well for different array sizes and number of processors.
A retrospective‐cohort study on the development of cataracts in dogs with diabetes mellitus: 200 cases

The objective of the study was to determine the incidence and estimated median time to cataract formation in dogs with diabetes mellitus. The animals studied were 200 dogs with diabetes mellitus which were referred to a university teaching hospital between 1985 and 1995. Medical records from dogs with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were reviewed and, where necessary, further follow-up information was gathered from the referring veterinarian. Incidence rate and median time to diabetic cataract formation was calculated using survival-analysis techniques in a retrospective cohort study design. Among the 200 dogs in the study population, 23 had cataracts at the time of diabetes diagnosis that were presumed to be related to other disease processes. Of the remaining 177 dogs, 132 had documented cataract development with features suggestive as being secondary to diabetes. Twenty-three dogs did not have obvious cataracts at the time of their last examination while 22 dogs did not have cataracts at the time they were lost to follow-up. These 55 cases contributed to the statistical models as noncases of cataracts until the last date for which an examination was available. Half of the population had developed cataracts by the 170th day postdiagnosis of diabetes mellitus, while 75% and 80% of the population developed cataracts by 370 days and 470 days, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the majority of dogs with diabetes will develop cataracts within 5-6 months from the time of diagnosis of the disease, and that approximately 80% of dogs will develop cataracts within 16 months of diagnosis.
Comparative species divergence across eight triplets of spiny lizards (Sceloporus) using genomic sequence data.

Species divergence is typically thought to occur in the absence of gene flow, but many empirical studies are discovering that gene flow may be more pervasive during species formation. Although many examples of divergence with gene flow have been identified, few clades have been investigated in a comparative manner, and fewer have been studied using genome-wide sequence data. We contrast species divergence genetic histories across eight triplets of North American Sceloporus lizards using a maximum likelihood implementation of the isolation–migration (IM) model. Gene flow at the time of species divergence is modeled indirectly as variation in species divergence time across the genome or explicitly using a migration rate parameter. Likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) are used to test the null model of no gene flow at speciation against these two alternative gene flow models. We also use the Akaike information criterion to rank the models. Hundreds of loci are needed for the LRTs to have statistical power, and we use genome sequencing of reduced representation libraries to obtain DNA sequence alignments at many loci (between 340 and 3,478; mean ¼ 1,678) for each triplet. We find that current species distributions are a poor predictor of whether a species pair diverged with gene flow. Interrogating the genome using the triplet method expedites the comparative study of species divergence history and the estimation of genetic parameters associated with speciation.
Genetic transformation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli with Agrobacterium to study pathogenesis in Gladiolus

Fusarium rot caused by Fusarium oxyspo- rum f.sp. gladioli (Fog) is one of the most serious diseases of Gladiolus, both in the field and in bulbs in storage. In order to study the mechanisms of path- ogenesis of this fungus, we have transformed Fog with Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vectors containing the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene and fluorescence reporter genes EGFP (green), EYFP (yel- low) or ECFP (cyan) using the AGL-1 strain of A. tumefaciens. Hygromycin B (100 μg/ml) resistant col- onies were observed only when acetosyringone was added to the co-cultivation medium. Transformed col- onies are more clearly visible when co-cultivated on cellophane membrane than on Hybond -N + membrane. Transformed lines were stably maintained through four serial passages on medium containing hygromycin B, andtheyexpressedgreen,yelloworcyano fluorescence. PCR with hph-specific primers and Southern blotting with an hph-specific probe were positive for Hyg R lines but not for the untransformed isolate. The cyano fluo- rescenceoftheECFP-transformed isolate was clearly distinguishable from the green autofluorescence of Gladiolus roots, signifying the potential of these lines for further histopathological investigations. Transformed lines will be useful for identifying patho- genicity related genes, screening transgenic resistance, and in studies of host-pathogen interactions.
Pushing the Limits: Making Dance Accessible to Different Bodies through Assistive Technology

ABSTRACTIn this article, I draw critical attention to the assistive mobility devices that individuals who are differently bodied often use in dance and suggest that the dance genre presents the opportunity for reimagining the technological possibilities of these devices and creating more diverse repertoires. As an intervention and example, I describe the design, development, and implementation of an innovative wheelchair for dance with qualitative research data collected from six wheelchair users who experimented in the chair under a study approved by an institutional review board. Further, based on practitioner experience in the field, I discuss embodiment techniques for assistive devices as a focused part of dance training, specifically important for dancers with disabilities who use devices as bodily movement extensions. In sum, this article highlights the need for more research and attention in the dance genre directed at the artistic, technological, and human interface factors of assistive devices fo...
The expression of platelet-derived growth-factor gene in Dupuytren contracture

Dupuytren contracture is a disease of the palmar fascia characterized by nodular fibroblastic proliferation; its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Growth factors are polypeptides that regulate cell growth and differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Platelet-derived growth factor is known to cause fibroblastic proliferation, and it may be involved in the pathogenesis of Dupuytren contracture. The purpose of this study was to determine if the gene for the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor is expressed in Dupuytren contracture. Tissue from patients who had Dupuytren disease was examined immunohistochemically with the 5B5 antibody, which is a marker for fibroblasts. Polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and in situ hybridization were also used to study gene expression in the tissue as well as in normal fascia, A172 cells, and MRC5 cells. Total cellular RNA was extracted from tissue and cells. Polymerase chain reaction was done with oligonucleotide primers complementary to a portion of the platelet-derived growth-factor-B and platelet-derived growth-factor-receptor genes. The platelet-derived growth-factor-B gene was expressed in all six specimens from the patients who had Dupuytren contracture as well as in the A172 cells, but not in the normal fascia lata or the MRC5 cells. These results were confirmed with Southern blotting of the products of the reaction with a platelet-derived growth-factor-B probe. The gene for the platelet-derived growth-factor receptor was expressed by all tissues and cells studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved therapy for neuroblastoma using a combination approach: superior efficacy with vismodegib and topotecan

Aberrant activation/expression of pathways/molecules including NF-kB, mTOR, hedgehog and polo-like-kinase-1 (PLK1) are correlated with poor-prognosis neuroblastoma. Therefore, to identify a most efficacious treatment for neuroblastoma, we investigated the efficacy of NF-kB/mTOR dual-inhibitor 13-197, hedgehog inhibitor vismodegib and PLK1 inhibitor BI2536 alone or combined with topotecan against high-risk neuroblastoma. The in vitro efficacy of the inhibitors alone or combined with topotecan on cell growth/apoptosis and molecular mechanism(s) were investigated. Results showed that as single agents 13-197, BI2536 and vismodegib significantly decreased neuroblastoma cell growth and induced apoptosis by targeting associated pathways/molecules. In combination with topotecan, 13-197 did not show significant additive/synergistic effects against neuroblastoma. However, BI2536 or vismodegib further significantly decreased neuroblastoma cell growth/survival. These results clearly showed that vismodegib combination with topotecan was synergistic and more efficacious compared with BI2536 in combination. Together, in vitro data demonstrated that vismodegib was most efficacious in potentiating topotecan-induced antineuroblastoma effects. Therefore, we tested the combined efficacy of vismodegib and topotecan against neuroblastoma in vivo using NSG mice. This resulted in significantly (p<0.001) reduced tumor growth and increased survival of mice. Together, the combination of vismodegib and topotecan showed a significant enhanced antineuroblastoma efficacy by targeting associated pathways/molecules which warrants further preclinical evaluation for translation to the clinic.
A dual-objective metaheuristic approach to solve practical pollution routing problem

With the growing public awareness of global warming, green supply chain management has received much attention. In particular, reducing the fuel consumption of trucks has been the topic of interest for both transportation providers (carriers) and manufacturing companies (shippers) over many years. As a way to reduce trucks’ fuel burn, attention has been given lately to the development of a decision model (problem) that is designed to solve a variant of the standard vehicle routing problem, called the pollution routing problem (PRP), which minimizes the fuel burn or pollutants emission of trucks. While useful in many respects, existing PRP models require many inputs from the users, making it inconvenient to utilize them in the field. In this paper we consider the PRP from the users’ viewpoint. We first identify, by reviewing the PRP literature and obtaining expert opinions from carrier managers, a practical PRP model that uses only a subset of the inputs required by other PRPs, and then develop an effective solution technique for this model. Based on the theoretical finding that the proposed PRP, which is a single-objective optimization problem, can be re-formulated as a dual-objective optimization problem, we develop a solution technique that utilizes the concept of efficient frontier to identify and search the most promising area of the solution space. Computational testing conducted with standard instances taken from the literature demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach.
Evidence for a Non-Steroidal Angiotropic Factor from the Primate Corpus Luteum: Stimulation of Endothelial Cell Migration in Vitro

After luteal cells from 7 midluteal phase cynomolgus monkeys were cultured for 72 h, luteal conditioned media were found to contain angiotropic activity that stimulated endothelial cell migration in vitro, using a 48-microwell chemotaxis assembly. The number of endothelial cells that migrated through 8 micron-pore polycarbonate membranes in 2 h was three-fold greater (P less than 0.01) with luteal cell-conditioned vs identical unconditioned media. Pre-treatment of luteal cultures with hCG, FSH, or testosterone did not enhance production of the endothelial cell migration stimulating activity (P greater than 0.25). Luteal angiotropic activity was both chemotactic and chemokinetic. Angiotropic activity was retained in steroid-depleted fractions after reversed-phase chromatography. These results demonstrate that monkey luteal cells secrete a non-steroidal factor(s) which directly stimulate(s) migration of endothelial cells in vitro. A luteal angiotropic factor may be an important intraovarian regulator of the formation and lifespan of the primate corpus luteum during the ovarian cycle.
Cytological and Morphological Studies of a New Species of Phlyctochytrium

The chytrid described here was isolated from a sample of soil containing rotted sawdust from Oldham's Farm, Chatham County, North Carolina. The sample was flooded in a petri dish with sterile distilled water, and baited with pollen of Liquidambar styraciflua L., on which the fungus appeared after 3 days. A pure culture of the fungus was established by the method of Couch (1939), and stock cultures were maintained on Difco corn meal agar supplemented with 1 % dextrose, 0.2% peptone, and 0.2% yeast extract, hereafter referred to as CMDPY.
CPT 2000: interventional pain management coding in the new millennium.

UNLABELLED Current Procedural Terminology is a systematic listing and coding of procedures and services performed by physicians and other providers. The CPT is the most widely accepted nomenclature for the reporting of procedures by physicians and other providers for health-care services provided by the government, and private health-insurance programs. It is most widely accepted for claim processing, and for the development of guidelines for medical care review, and it provides the uniform language applicable to medical education, research, and utilization. The CPT 2000 includes a multitude of changes. Those of most important interest to interventional pain management specialists include neural blockade where the codes used in pain management have been totally revamped. The entire section of neural blockade codes has been substantially altered, either by deletion, modification, or addition of a new code. Various deleted codes include 62274 to 62279, 62288, 62289, 62298, and 64440 to 64445. The definitions for CPT codes 62273, 62280, 62281, 62282, 62287, 62291, 62350, 64622, 64623, and 72285 have been modified and changed. Multiple new codes not only include replacement codes for epidurals, but also creation of codes for sacroiliac-joint injection, sacroiliac-joint arthrography, percutaneous lysis of epidural adhesions, facet-joint injections at the cervical and thoracic levels, neurolytic facet-joint neural blockade for cervical and thoracic levels, transforaminal injection codes for cervical/thoracic and lumbar/sacral, epidurography and radiological examination. The several advantages and disadvantages of new codes and future directions in CPT coding are described. KEYWORDS Interventional pain management, CPT 1999, CPT 2000, epidural injections, facet-joint.
Exploring channel doping designs for high-performance tunneling FETs

Future high-performance low-power integrated circuits require compact logic devices with both steep subthreshold swing (SS) and large drive current (I ON ). Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) can meet the first requirement but their I ON is severely limited either by the low source-channel tunneling probability or by the high source-to-drain tunneling leakage. One of the methods that can be employed to boost I ON is doping engineering. In particular (1) lowering the drain doping density elongates the drain depletion region and thus suppresses the leakage leading to improved SS (and ION). This scheme, however, is not scalable as a long drain length is needed to reach charge neutrality [1]; (2) embedding an opposite N+ doping layer next to the P+ source, i.e., the source-pocket (SP) design [2], or inserting a δ doping layer [3], can enhance the electric field at the source-channel tunnel junction and improve ION. It can be shown that the improvement increases as the pocket doping density (Np) increases, but in practice doping density has an upper limit. In this paper, we show that, (1) embedding a P+ drain pocket can also improve the SS (and ION) and it is more scalable than lowering the drain doping; (2) by resorting to P+ channel, we can further improve I ON of the SP design without having to increase N p .
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Multivessel Disease and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: When, Not Whether

The optimal management of patients with multivessel disease (MVD) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is in flux. The traditional conservative approach to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) of the culprit vessel only during STEMI, with the exception of patients who
Fantasia and Our Changing Views of Dinosaurs

Popular culture often presents us with images that can color our perception of the past, even if those images are later shown to be inaccurate. One such image, the “Rite of Spring” sequence from Walt Disney's Fantasia (1940), can act as a starting point for a discussion of our changing views of dinosaurs. At least fourteen recognizable dinosaur genera, as well as other extinct reptiles (plesiosaurs, mososaurs, pterosaurs, and pelycosaurs) and transitional forms between fish and amphibians and between reptile and birds, are represented in the sequence. Compared to more recent dinosaur films, perhaps no other sequence so genuinely attempted to portray dinosaurs as they actually might have been. Of course, many of the interpretations presented in the “Rite of Spring” have not survived the scientific progress of the past half century, but this demonstrates the need to be constantly aware of new discoveries and interpretations; not only about dinosaurs, but about any branch of science.
Beckert, S. (2014). Empire of cotton: A global history. New York: Alfred A Knopf. 640 págs.

Cada ano en Virginia, muchos maestros ensenan a los estudiantes que el capitalismo es un sistema en el que el gobierno se mantiene al margen. El autor de esta revision, que fue profesor de secundaria en Virginia, enseno este mismo concepto. Sin embargo, Sven Beckert cuenta una historia diferente en su libro Empire of Cotton: A Global History. Beckert, donde argumenta que no solo el estado participo en el desarrollo del capitalismo, sino que tambien "las necesidades de los estados-nacion no estaban en conflicto", lo que significa que en muchos casos el capitalismo se entrelaza con los objetivos del estado. Utiliza una mercancia, el algodon, como pieza central para ejemplificar su punto. Desde el principio, el lector puede pensar que se esta embarcando en una historia del algodon, pero ese no es el objetivo de Beckert. Su objetivo es contar la historia del capitalismo, centrandose en un tema del que todo el mundo sabe algo: el algodon.
Outcomes of Six-Dose High-Dose Cytarabine as a Salvage Regimen for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (RR-AML) is associated with poor prognosis and long-term disease-free survival requires allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Limited data exists, regarding the optimal regimen to obtain remission prior to allo-HCT. Single agent high-dose cytarabine (10–12 doses administered every 12 hours) has been previously used as induction therapy. Six-dose high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC-6), commonly used as a consolidation regimen, has never been evaluated as induction therapy. We present a retrospective review of 26 consecutive patients with RR-AML receiving single agent cytarabine 3 g/m2 intravenously every 12 hours on days 1, 3, and 5 for a total of six doses (HiDAC-6). Median follow-up for surviving patients was 10.4 months (range 1.6–112.2 months). Complete remission was obtained in 62% (54% CR and 8% CRi) of the patients. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 22.3 months (range 0.7–112 months), event-free survival (EFS) was 4.7 months (range 0.5–112 months), and the overall survival (OS) was 9.6 months (range 1–112 months). Thirty-five percent of patients were able to subsequently proceed to allo-HCT. Treatment-related toxicities included neutropenic fever (38%), infection (35%), neurotoxicity (8%), and skin toxicity (8%). This is the first study to demonstrate HiDAC-6 as an active treatment option for younger patients with RR-AML which can effectively serve as a bridge to allo-HCT without significant toxicity.
Energy Savings and Performance Improvement in Subthreshold Using Adaptive Body Bias

In subthreshold operation, circuits are more sensitive to the impact of parametric variation due to reduced supply voltages. To meet timing specification and ensure reliable operation, circuits require compensation techniques that mitigate variation. We developed a design methodology to use adaptive forward body bias and reduce worst case 3-sigma active energy, delay and standby energy caused by threshold voltage variation. We validated this methodology on the ISCAS85 benchmarks and improved the worst-case metrics in each case, with no loss of performance. Our approach reduces worst-case standby energy and worst-case active energy by up to 21.06% and 18.80%, respectively, on average.
Co-teaching to Improve Control Variable Experiment Instruction in Physical Sciences Education

National Research Council polices (NRC, 2012a, 2012b) and the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015 (Pub. L. No. 114-145) call for educators to have active roles in teaching to achieve new goals and purposes for education. A high priority is teaching content knowledge and information fluency skills that will result in deep learning, higher order thinking, and college and career readiness. This action research (Blaxter, Hughes, and Tight, 2010) investigates co-teaching in a college, undergraduate physical sciences course. Information and technology literacy skills (ACRL, 2016) were taught in the context of a 12-week unit about the design of control variable experiments. Co-teaching was done by a professor of physical sciences and a professor of library and information science. Assignment learning objectives provided a framework for analysis of 24 students’ scores that tells a story of the process of co-teaching through articulation of two professors’ engagement in instructional interactions, and creation of materials and strategies to increase science content knowledge and information fluency skills. It was concluded that co-teaching effectiveness involves intensity of effort in shared planning, organization, delivery and assessment of instruction; shared physical and/or virtual space of instruction; and in the combining two areas of academic expertise in delivery of cross-curricular instruction.
Revascularization Strategies in Chronic Kidney Disease: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition with rising incidence. CKD is considered a coronary heart disease equivalent and is associated with increased atherosclerotic events and mortality. Randomized trials of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have routinely excluded patients with CKD or included only a small proportion of such patients. Observational studies have demonstrated that coronary revascularization is associated with improved outcomes when compared with no revascularization. However, the optimal approach to revascularization (PCI vs. CABG) remains to be determined. When compared with non-CKD cohorts, patients with CKD have worse short- and long-term outcomes with either PCI or CABG. In patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and CKD, PCI is associated with lower short-term risk of death and stroke but higher long-term mortality and need for repeat revascularization when compared with CABG. However, with improvement in stent technology, the mortality gap between PCI and CABG has reduced thus somewhat leveling the playing field between PCI and CABG. The decision to choose between PCI and CABG for subjects with CKD should be individualized taking into consideration patient comorbidities (including frailty), anatomic complexity, ability to achieve complete revascularization and patient preference. Regardless of the choice of revascularization strategy, all efforts should be made for procedural optimization in this high risk population.
Data assimilation with sensor-informed resampling for building occupancy simulation

A building occupancy simulation and estimation simulates the dynamics of occupants and estimates the real time spatial distribution of occupants in a building. It needs a simulation model and a data assimilation algorithm that assimilates real-time sensor data into the simulation model. In our previous works, we presented a graph-based agent-oriented simulation model, and a data assimilation framework based on Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for efficient real time occupancy estimation involving a large number of occupants. As the occupancy and the building environment size increases, there is a major problem with data assimilation caused by the high dimensional system states. To address this issue, this paper presents a new sensor-informed resampling method which utilizes sensor data to improve resampling of particles. Experiment results show the new method was able to provide better estimation of the system state with a limited number of particles compared to the standard bootstrap filter.
RISK RECLASSIFICATION WITH ABSENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM AMONG STATIN CANDIDATES ACCORDING TO AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY/AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (ACC/AHA) GUIDELINES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Recent studies have strongly eluded to the importance of absent coronary artery calcium (CAC) in risk reclassification of statin eligible (10-years atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk ≥7.5%) individuals according to the ACC/AHA cholesterol management guidelines. In this systematic
Interpreting Plato Socratically

This chapter provides a taxonomy of approaches to the Platonic Question and articulates the Socratic Anti-Mouthpiece Interpretation of Plato’s dialogues. It then provides in-depth criticisms of the Mouthpiece Interpretation of Plato’s dialogues, exposing various logical errors employed by its supporters. It also seeks to differentiate the Socratic Anti-Mouthpiece Interpretation from other anti-mouthpiece approaches, clarifying that while some objections to the latter might be plausible and render problematic some of the other anti-mouthpiece approaches, they do not render problematic the Socratic Anti-Mouthpiece Interpretation.
Active storage networks for accelerating K-means data clustering

High performance computing systems are often inhibited by the performance of their storage systems and their ability to deliver data. Active Storage Networks (ASN) provide an opportunity to optimize storage system and computational performance by offloading computation to the network switch. An ASN is based around an intelligent network switch that allows data processing to occur on data as it flows through the storage area network from storage nodes to client nodes. In this paper, we demonstrate an ASN used to accelerate K-means clustering. The K -means data clustering algorithm is a compute intensive scientific data processing algorithm. It is an iterative algorithm that groups a large set of multidimensional data points in to k distinct clusters. We investigate functional and data parallelism techniques as applied to the K-means clustering problem and show that the in-network processing of an ASN greatly improves performance.
Glucocorticoid effects on the ultrastructure of epiphyseal cartilage

Epiphyseal cartilage, an avascular tissue consisting of chondrocytes surrounded by an extracellular matrix, is formed in the developing embryo when mesenchymal cells group together, change their configuration, and become centers of chondrification known as precartilage. As cells enlarge and differentiate, they secrete a matrix that is metachromatic. The matrix gradually increases in amount and separates the chondroblastic cells one from another, and they then take on cytological characteristics typical of chondrocytes.
The most influential publications in cervical myelopathy

Management of cervical myelopathy (CM) has continued to evolve through a better understanding of the long-term outcomes of this diagnosis as well as improved diagnostic guidelines. More recent literature continues to expand the field, but certain publications can be distinguished from others due to their lasting impact. Using the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, search phrases were used to identify publications pertaining to CM. The fifty most cited articles were isolated. The frequency of citations, year of publication, country of origin, journal of publication, level of evidence (LOE), article type, as well as contributing authors and institutions were recorded. We also highlighted the five most cited articles (per year) from the past 10 years. Publications included ranged from 1952-2011, with the plurality of articles published during 2000-2009 (n=21; 42%). The most cited paper was Hillibrand's 1999 reporting of adjacent segment disease rates following cervical fusions, followed by Hirabayashi's 1983 review of his cervical laminoplasty outcomes. The third most cited was Brain's 1952 review of the manifestations of cervical spondylosis. Spine contributed the most publications (n=26; 52%). A LOE of III was the most common (n=30; 60%). Clinical outcome articles were the most frequent type (n=28; 56%). Osaka University (Japan) and Kazou Yonenobu had the most contributions. Ames or Fehlings were the first or last author in each of the five most influential articles from the past 10 years. This bibliometric citation analysis identifies the most influential articles regarding CM. There are few publications with a high LOE, and more high powered studies are needed. Knowledge of these "classic" publications allows for a better overall understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and future direction of research of CM.
Diabetes Educators Beliefs About Patient Self-Management and Strategies Used to Support Persons With Diabetes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine diabetes educators’ beliefs about the importance of patients’ role in self-management and the relationship between educator-reported strategies used ...
Enhanced Rates of C–H Bond Cleavage by a Hydrogen-Bonded Synthetic Heme High-Valent Iron(IV) Oxo Complex

Secondary coordination sphere interactions are critical in facilitating the formation, stabilization, and enhanced reactivity of high-valent oxidants required for essential biochemical processes. H...
HER2 assessment by bright-field dual in situ hybridization in cell blocks of recurrent and metastatic breast carcinoma.

Background Breast cancer recurrences or metastases often are diagnosed using cytology material. Cell blocks (CBs) with adequate cellularity are crucial for the determination of accurate hormonal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and to guide treatment. In the current study, the authors evaluated the concordance of HER2 status between bright-field dual in situ hybridization (DISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on formalin-fixed CBs of recurrent and metastatic breast cancers. Methods The authors searched for patients who had breast carcinoma recurrences or metastases diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 by fine-needle aspiration or by the drainage of body cavity fluids with HER2 IHC and/or FISH performed on formalin-fixed CBs. Cases with adequate tumor cellularity (>50 cells) were selected. HER2 DISH was performed on all CBs. HER2 status of the primary breast carcinoma was recorded. Results Formalin-fixed CBs were identified from 30 patients with breast cancer recurrences and metastases in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) (5 patients), mediastinal LNs (8 patients), internal mammary LNs (1 patient), supraclavicular LNs (2 patients), portocaval LNs (1 patient), chest wall (3 patients), pleural fluid (3 patients), bone (4 patients), liver (2 patients), and lung (1 patient). All cases had HER2 IHC performed at the study institution and were scored by breast pathologists according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines. The HER2 DISH results demonstrated 100% concordance (30 of 30 cases) with the concurrent IHC and/or FISH. Conclusions All methods of HER2 evaluation were found to accurately identify the amplification status. DISH can be used in tandem with IHC as a reflex assay instead of FISH and is an efficient and reliable method with which to determine HER2 amplification in formalin-fixed CBs.