cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic benchmarking of diagnostic technologies for an electrical power system

Automated health management is a critical functionality for complex aerospace systems. A wide variety of diagnostic algorithms have been developed to address this technical challenge. Unfortunately, the lack of support to perform large-scale V&V (verification and validation) of diagnostic technologies continues to create barriers to effective development and deployment of such algorithms for aerospace vehicles. In this paper, we describe a formal framework developed for benchmarking of diagnostic technologies. The diagnosed system is the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT), a real-world electrical power system (EPS), developed and maintained at the NASA Ames Research Center. The benchmarking approach provides a systematic, empirical basis to the testing of diagnostic software and is used to provide performance assessment for different diagnostic algorithms.
Choroidal infiltration in juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML), previously called juvenile chronic myelogenous/myeloid leukaemia, is a disorder of infancy and early childhood associated with clonal overproduction of immature myeloid cells, leading to organ infiltration, infection, and failure. Hallmarks include leucocytosis, often with monocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, increased HbF levels, and no Ph chromosome.1,2 Allogeneic bone marrow transplant is considered the only curative therapy.3 Ocular involvement has only been reported on one occasion.4 A 3 year old boy with a 2 year history of JMML, with remission and subsequent relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant, was incidentally found to have a fixed, dilated left pupil at 6 mm, unreactive to light, and no perception of light. Family members …
Measurement of the phospholipase activity of endothelial lipase in mouse plasma

Endothelial lipase (EL) is a major negative regulator of plasma HDL levels in mice, rabbits, and most probably, humans. Although this regulatory function is critically dependent on EL's hydrolysis of HDL phospholipids, as yet there is no phospholipase assay specific for EL in plasma. We developed such an assay for the mouse enzyme using a commercially available phospholipid-like fluorescent substrate in combination with an EL neutralizing antibody. The specificity of the assay was established using EL knockout mice and its utility demonstrated by detection of an increase in plasma EL phospholipase activity following exposure of wild-type mice to lipopolysaccharide. The assay revealed that murine pre-heparin plasma does not contain measurable EL activity, indicating that the hydrolysis of HDL phospholipids by EL in vivo likely occurs on the cell surface.
The booster-to-AGS beam transfer fast kicker modulators

The authors describe modulator developments for the Brookhaven booster extraction and the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) injection fast kickers. To achieve the design specifications, an extensive development effort has been pursued, including distributed parameter estimation and measurement, computer aided analysis and design, pulse shaping and tail-biting circuit test, prototype construction, etc. The test results are presented. The modulators are projected for both proton and heavy ion operation. The equivalent load inductance is about 2.1 to 2.3 mu H for each modulator. The pulse-forming network (PFN) voltage is required to be below 40 kV for operation in air. The rise time of the pulse for proton beam transfer is 120 ns up to 97% of full current (1000A), and for heavy ion beam transfer, the requirement is 160 ns up to 98% of full current (1615 A). During the fourth batch transfer of the proton beam from the booster to the AGS, the pulse fall time of the AGS injection fast kicker has to be very fast ( >
Prevention of needless deaths from drowning.

OBJECTIVE:: To determine whether faulty pool maintenance and substandard lifeguard performance critically delayed retrieval and resuscitation of a significant number of pool drowning victims. METHODS:: One hundred and eighty drowning incidents that resulted in litigation from 1998 to 2008 were studied to determine whether faulty pool maintenance and/or substandard lifeguard performance delayed retrieval and thereby contributed to the death of these persons. A total of 180 swimming pools-commercial and private-were included. Ninety-seven of these pools were manned by lifeguards. Subjects who underwent the drowning process and suffered severe brain injury or death were reviewed to determine the rescue and resuscitation attempts by lifeguards or bystanders at the pool. RESULTS:: One hundred and seventy-seven of the 180 persons who underwent the drowning process died. Cases were analyzed as to whether faulty pool maintenance and/or substandard lifeguard performance contributed to their demise. At fault were cloudy or dirty water; drain pipes that created underwater suction to trap victims; inadequate fencing around pools through which small children gained access; permitting small children to be at the pool without adult supervision; permitting dangerous exercises such as hyperventilation while underwater swimming, resulting in shallow water blackout; lifeguards not being attentive, being distracted by other persons, performing nonrelated chores, leaving their positions without proper relief, while failure to enter the water when told persons were submerged. CONCLUSION:: Faculty pool maintenance and substandard lifeguard performance critically delayed retrieval and resuscitation of a significant number of pool drowning victims. Language: en
Small fast large-aperture light modulator using attenuated total reflection

An optical modulator is described which offers several advantages in terms of speed, aperture size, and ease of operation over other techniques for amplitude modulation of a collimated light beam. This simple device consists of a prism separated from a metallically reflecting surface by a small micron-size gap. Varying the gap thickness changes the intensity of the light reflected off the base of the prism. The prism acts as a coupler for the excitation of surface plasmons on the metallic surface. This paper explains the principle of operation and presents experimental results obtained on a simple realization of the device.
Orthogonal and Biorthogonal $\sqrt 3$ -Refinement Wavelets for Hexagonal Data Processing

The hexagonal lattice was proposed as an alternative method for image sampling. The hexagonal sampling has certain advantages over the conventionally used square sampling. Hence, the hexagonal lattice has been used in many areas. A hexagonal lattice allows radic3, dyadic and radic7 refinements, which makes it possible to use the multiresolution (multiscale) analysis method to process hexagonally sampled data. The radic3-refinement is the most appealing refinement for multiresolution data processing due to the fact that it has the slowest progression through scale, and hence, it provides more resolution levels from which one can choose. This fact is the main motivation for the study of radic3-refinement surface subdivision, and it is also the main reason for the recommendation to use the radic3-refinement for discrete global grid systems. However, there is little work on compactly supported radic3 -refinement wavelets. In this paper, we study the construction of compactly supported orthogonal and biorthogonal radic3-refinement wavelets. In particular, we present a block structure of orthogonal FIR filter banks with twofold symmetry and construct the associated orthogonal radic3-refinement wavelets. We study the sixfold axial symmetry of perfect reconstruction (biorthogonal) FIR filter banks. In addition, we obtain a block structure of sixfold symmetric radic3-refinement filter banks and construct the associated biorthogonal wavelets.
Crisis, disaster, or gift

Purpose – This article seeks to explore easier ways to weather the bad economy.Design/methodology/approach – The article offers the author's views on how librarians can cope with present economic circumstances.Findings – Money is not the only element of the librarian's job.Originality/value – The article urges readers to look at patterns of past economies and their effects on libraries, and suggests how librarians might adapt to changing circumstances.
Crossover Distribution and Frequency are Regulated by him-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mutations in the him-5 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans strongly reduce the frequency of crossovers on the X chromosome, with lesser effects on the autosomes. him-5 mutants also show a change in crossover distribution on both the X and autosomes. These phenotypes are accompanied by a delayed entry into pachytene and premature desynapsis of the X chromosome. The nondisjunction, progression defects and desynapsis can be rescued by an exogenous source of double strand breaks (DSBs), indicating that the role of HIM-5 is to promote the formation of meiotic DSBs. Molecular cloning of the gene shows that the inferred HIM-5 product is a highly basic protein of 252 amino acids with no clear orthologs in other species, including other Caenorhabditis species. Although him-5 mutants are defective in segregation of the X chromosome, HIM-5 protein localizes preferentially to the autosomes. The mutant phenotypes and localization of him-5 are similar but not identical to the results seen with xnd-1, although unlike xnd-1, him-5 has no apparent effect on the acetylation of histone H2A on lysine 5 (H2AacK5). The localization of HIM-5 to the autosomes depends on the activities of both xnd-1 and him-17 allowing us to begin to establish pathways for the control of crossover distribution and frequency.
What makes a protein a protein? Hydrophobic core designs that specify stability and structural properties

Here we describe how the systematic redesign of a protein's hydrophobic core alters its structure and stability. We have repacked the hydrophobic core of the four-helix-bundle protein, Rop, with altered packing patterns and various side chain shapes and sizes. Several designs reproduce the structure and native-like properties of the wild-type, while increasing the thermal stability. Other designs, either with similar sizes but different shapes, or with decreased sizes of the packing residues, destabilize the protein. Finally, overpacking the core with the larger side chains causes a loss of native-like structure. These results allow us to further define the roles of tight residue packing and the burial of hydrophobic surface area in the construction of native-like proteins.
Physiological levels of hydrostatic pressure alter morphology and organization of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells.

The response of human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells to physiological levels of hydrostatic pressure was studied. Cell cultures were subjected to a 20-min, 4-MPa hydrostatic pressure pulse. Adhesion was ...
Water dynamics at the binding interface of four different HLA-A2-peptide complexes.

Because only a limited number of MHC molecules are available for presentation of a large number of peptides, each of these MHC molecules must be able to bind promiscuously many different peptides at an affinity sufficient for stable presentation. Here we show, for the MHC molecule HLA-A2, that this ability may be facilitated by a flexible water network that forms an interface between the MHC molecule and the peptide. Using the SURFNET program we have computed the ‘gaps’ present in the peptide-binding groove in the X-ray structures of complexes of HLA-A2 with four different bound peptides. The volume of these gaps increases with increasing peptide hydrophilicity. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the water molecules in the binding groove of complexes of HLA-A2 with the more hydrophilic peptides are largely disordered, but a number of defined water-binding sites are also discernable. Conversely, for complexes of HLA-A2 with the more hydrophobic peptides, the water molecules are more rigidly bound at the MHC–peptide interface and a number of well-defined water-binding sites exist. However, even these well-defined sites may not be permanently occupied by the same water molecule and in the dynamics calculations we observed exchange of water molecules between such sites.
All-pass analysis-synthesis frequency interpolation filterbanks

The authors present a solution to the problem of designing a class of analysis-synthesis digital filterbanks that exhibit the following properties: Given N center frequencies f/sub i/, the frequency response of the ith filter is unity at f/sub i/ and zero at the other frequencies, and the sum of the squares of the frequency responses is an allpass network. The design of typical filterbanks with linearly and logarithmically spaced frequencies is presented, and the frequency response is exhibited. These filterbanks are computationally efficient. >
A multisite randomized trial of portable sleep studies and positive airway pressure autotitration versus laboratory-based polysomnography for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: The HomePAP study

Study objectives To test the utility of an integrated clinical pathway for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment using portable monitoring devices. Design Randomized, open-label, parallel group, unblinded, multicenter clinical trial comparing home-based, unattended portable monitoring for diagnosis and autotitrating CPAP (autoPAP) compared with in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) and CPAP titration. Setting Seven American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) accredited sleep centers. Participants Consecutive new referrals, age 18 yr or older with high probability of moderate to severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15) identified by clinical algorithm and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score ≥ 12. Interventions Home-based level 3 testing followed by 1 wk of autoPAP with a fixed pressure CPAP prescription based on the 90% pressure from autotitration of PAP therapy (autoPAP) device (HOME) compared with attended, in-laboratory studies (LAB). Measurements CPAP acceptance, time to treatment, adherence at 1 and 3 mo; changes in ESS, and functional outcomes. Results Of 373 participants, approximately one-half in each study arm remained eligible (AHI ≥ 15) to continue in the study. At 3 mo, PAP usage (nightly time at pressure) was 1 hr greater: 4.7 ± 2.1 hr (HOME) compared with 3.7 ± 2.4 hr (LAB). Adherence (percentage of night used ≥ 4 hr) was 12.6% higher: 62.8 ± 29.2% compared with 49.4 ± 36.1% in the HOME versus LAB. Acceptance of PAP therapy, titration pressures, effective titrations, time to treatment, and ESS score change did not differ between arms. Conclusions A home-based strategy for diagnosis and treatment compared with in-laboratory PSG was not inferior in terms of acceptance, adherence, time to treatment, and functional improvements. Trial registration http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT: 00642486.
SUPPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL CONCEPTS

This paper aims to provide support for the view that individual concepts are basic to natural language semantics. First, the use of constant individual concepts allows us to maintain Kripke's view of proper names as nondescriptional rigid designators in the face of problems created by so-called "empty names." And second, the distinction between constant and variable individual concepts can function in an analysis of the specific-nonspecific distinction in indefinite descriptions, parallel to Donnellan's referential-attributive distinction in definite descriptions. Additionally, I respond to arguments that these distinctions are not semantic, and provide evidence that they are.
Appendicovesicostomy (and variations) in bladder reconstruction.

AbstractBladder reconstruction using bowel segments was advanced when intermittent catheterization proved so acceptable. Access to the reservoir by way of the urethra is often not possible in children, especially boys. Implantation of the isolated appendix into the bladder remnant or colon segment similar to a ureteral reimplant provides a continence mechanism with ready catheter access (the Mitrofanoff principle). Since 1982 we have applied this principle in 41 pediatric cases of bladder reconstruction (64% boys). Primary diagnoses included bladder exstrophy (46%) and myelomeningocele (34%). Extending the concept of a flap valve continence channel with a narrow tube into the reservoir, segments of tapered ileum and ureters were also used (appendix 61%, ileum 12%, ureter 27%).Results of continence (100%) and uncomplicated catheterization (93%) have been satisfactory. Unfortunately, the longer the experience (average 3.2 years of followup), the more stone formation we experienced (32%), which is due to muc...
Percutaneous retrograde posterior column acetabular fixation: Is the sciatic nerve safe? A cadaveric study

Objectives The purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine the proximity of the neurologic structures to the path of the screw inserted percutaneously into the ischial tuberosity. Design Cadaver study. Intervention Ten screws were inserted in 10 limbs (5 cadavers) under fluoroscopic guidance. Dissection was then performed to expose the head of the screw and was extended laterally to expose the sciatic nerve, the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, and its inferior cluneal branches. Main outcome measure The distance from the screw head to the sciatic nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, and the inferior cluneal nerves. Results The distance from the center of the screw head to the sciatic nerve averaged 58 mm (range, 40-70 mm). The average distance between the screw head and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh was 42 mm (range, 30-60 mm). The inferior cluneal branches were the closest to the path of the screw with an average distance of 3.5 mm in 6 specimens (range, 1-6 mm) and were injured by the screw in 3 and could not be located in another specimen. Conclusions The sciatic nerve and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh appear to be safe during retrograde percutaneous screw fixation of a posterior column acetabular fracture through a central entry point in the ischial tuberosity. However, the inferior cluneal nerves that are responsible for the cutaneous sensitivity of the lower half of the gluteal region are at risk of injury.
Intrinsic Growth Stress in Thermally Grown and Annealed SiO2 Thin Films: Control of Stress-Induced Electronically Active Defects at Si/SiO2 Interfaces

We find that the density of electronically active defect states, formed close to the Si/SiO2 interface during high temperature oxidation (Tox > 800°C), is proportional to the thickness-averaged stress or strain in the oxide layer. This was established by measuring the midgap interface state density, Dit, and correlating it with: i) a direct measurement of the stress, using a beam deflection technique; and ii) a determination of the oxide strain, using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and a model that relates the frequency of the Si-O bond-stretching vibration to the microscopic strain in the oxide.In addition, the elastic stress at the Si/SiO2 interface has been modified by film deposition onto the SiO2 surface of Si:3N4 film or a variable thickness of an Al gate metal. The additional elastic stress introduced by these depositions did not influence Dit. These observations lead us to conclude that interface traps are generated by “local plastic deformations” that occur during the oxidation process, and are localized in the immediate vicinity of the Si/SiO2 interface.
Monte Carlo simulation on measurement characteristics of coal online soft sensor in boiler

Monte Carlo simulation on measurement characteristics of coal online soft sensor in utility boiler were carried out,and virtual samples were obtained to analyze the measurement dispersion and evaluate the combined standard uncertainties.The results show that coal online soft sensor in utility boiler can measure on coal calorific values and most of element contents,and can be easily matched with efficiency monitoring system,coal online soft sensing technique is practice valuable in power plant.
Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction: Defining the Epidemiology, Treatment, and Adverse Outcomes of Ogilvie's Syndrome:

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is a rare but often fatal disease. Herein, we present the largest study to date on ACPO. The National Inpatient Sample was queried for ACPO diagnoses from 1998 to 2011. Patients were analyzed by treatment into four groups: medical management (MM), colonoscopy alone [(endoscopy-only group) ENDO], surgery alone (SURG), or surgery and colonoscopy (SAC). Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of adverse outcomes by treatment group. There were 106,784 cases of ACPO: 96,657 (90.5%) MM, 2,915 (2.7%) ENDO, 6,731 (6.3%) SURG, and 481 (0.5%) SAC. The medical complication (45.7%), procedural complication (15.9%), and mortality rates (7.7%) were high. Increasing procedure invasiveness was independently associated with higher odds of medical complications, procedural complications, and death (P < 0.0125). The odds of death were significantly higher in the ENDO [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2], SURG (OR 1.4), and SAC (OR = 1.8) groups (P < 0.0125). Those who fail MM and require procedures have increasing morbidity and mortality with increasing invasiveness, likely reflecting the severity of their conditions.
Catalan Numbers and Paths

We begin our examination of the types of objects that are counted by the Catalan numbers with paths, because the work has already been done.
Toponymic Inscription as an Instrument of Power in Africa: The case of colonial and post-colonial Dakar and Nairobi

This study analyses toponymic inscription, the exercise of street/place naming, as a tool for articulating power in Anglophone and Francophone Africa. The focus is on Dakar, Senegal and Nairobi, Ke...
Infantile Spasms and ACTH Dosage

Results of corticotropin treatment of 33 patients with infantile spasms are reported from the Instituto Clinica Pediatrica, Universita di Siena, Italy.
Soil Water Monitoring and Numerical Flow Modeling to Quantify Drought Conditions in a Rangeland Ecosystem

A one-dimensional vertical numerical model for coupled water flow and heat transport was calibrated for a mixed-grass rangeland at the Sustainable Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Lingle, WY. The model predicted soil water content reasonably well, with a modeling efficiency (ME) of 0.71 (at 10-cm depth), 0.79 (30 cm), and 0.78 (60 cm) during calibration. After further validation, the model was used to calculate historical soil water content for the rangeland site using North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) reanalysis climate data (available years 1971–1999). The 29-yr calculated median soil water content, representing the expected (normal) soil water content during the year, was used to assess drought conditions for the 2011 to 2015 water years with measured soil water contents. The soil water anomaly ![Graphic][1] , calculated as the deviation of measured root zone soil water content from the expected root zone soil water content, confirmed that 2012 was a drought year. The Climate Prediction Center (CPC) crop moisture index (CMI), which was used for comparison, indicated that 2011 to 2015 were all drought years, which did not agree with observations. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Information sharing requirements and framework needed for community cyber incident detection and response

Communities, and the critical infrastructure that they rely upon, are becoming ever increasingly integrated into cyberspace. At the same time, communities are experiencing increasing activity and sophistication from a variety of threat agents. The effect of cyber attacks on communities has been observed, and the frequency and devastation of these attacks can only increase in the foreseeable future. Early detection of these attacks is critical for a fast and effective response. We propose detecting community cyber incidents by comparing indicators from community members across space and time. Performing spatiotemporal differentiation on these indicators requires that community members, such as private and governmental organizations, share information about these indicators. However, community members are, for good reasons, reluctant to share sensitive security related information. Additionally, sharing large amounts of information with a trusted, centralized location introduces scalability and reliability problems. In this paper we define the information sharing requirements necessary for fast, effective community cyber incident detection and response, while addressing both privacy and scalability concerns. Furthermore, we introduce a framework to meet these requirements, and analyze a proof of concept implementation.
Knowledge-Based Fault Propagation in Building Automation Systems

This paper describes a knowledge-based approach that can reason about effects of faults and causes of abnormal situations in building automation systems (BAS). Combining an ontology-based building information model (BIM), which models a BAS formally and semantically, with rules encoding expert knowledge, the fault propagation approach can automatically determine causalities in BAS and propagate faults along the causalities in both forward and backward direction. This enables an immediate assessment of potential consequences of faults respectively an analysis of the root cause(s). The fault propagation approach can enhance fault detection and diagnosis by considering BAS as a whole, being aware of the potentially far reaching consequences of faults, instead of just focusing on single pieces of equipment or zones. This provides a better understanding of BAS and improves the decision making and prioritization of the right emergency and maintenance actions.
A Moisture Content-Discretized Infiltration Method

In an effort to improve the computational efficiency and robustness of one-dimensional vadose zone flow calculations, alternatives to the Richards’ Equation (RE) are sought as part of on-going System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) research by the US Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC) in the development of coupled surface and subsurface flow interaction codes. This paper will describe a depth- continuous, moisture content-discretized infiltration method under development at ERDC. The range of moisture content within a given soil is discretized into vertically continuous, interactive bins. The entry and vertical movement of wetting fronts in each bin are simulated by means of explicit infiltration approximations based on capillary and gravitational driving forces. Advancement of wetting fronts within a bin create pore- water deficits that are satisfied by capillary-driven inter-bin flow. The method inherently provides numerical stability and robustness because it precludes the need to include the explicitly non-linear constitutive models estimated by other vadose zone flow codes. Comparisons of method results with RE solutions and computational efficiency will be presented.
An examination of MCE filter morphology and implications on preparation and analysis of air samples for asbestos

ABSTRACTMorphological imperfections of mixed-cellulose ester filters and their possible influence on sample preparation and analysis of asbestos were examined. Filters were identified with large regions of non-porous “dead zones” which could negatively affect fiber deposition and, therefore, fiber recovery and analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). As these imperfections are effectively erased during the preparation of the sample, they may not be readily observed by TEM. Un-collapsed filters as well as those collapsed using dimethylformamide (DMF) and two acetone techniques were examined. In order to minimize negative sampling and analytical bias, it is suggested that MCE samples be collapsed utilizing a 35% DMF solution, etched with a correctly calibrated low-temperature etcher, carbon coated using a rotating and tilted stage, and analyzed with a strong analyst-independent grid square opening randomization scheme.
Alternatives to Opioids in the Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Pain Syndromes: A Narrative Review of Randomized, Controlled, and Blinded Clinical Trials

Chronic pain exerts a tremendous burden on individuals and societies. If one views chronic pain as a single disease entity, then it is the most common and costly medical condition. At present, medical professionals who treat patients in chronic pain are recommended to provide comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatments, which may include pharmacotherapy. Many providers use nonopioid medications to treat chronic pain; however, for some patients, opioid analgesics are the exclusive treatment of chronic pain. However, there is currently an epidemic of opioid use in the United States, and recent guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have recommended that the use of opioids for nonmalignant chronic pain be used only in certain circumstances. The goal of this review was to report the current body of evidence-based medicine gained from prospective, randomized-controlled, blinded studies on the use of nonopioid analgesics for the most common noncancer chronic pain conditions. A total of 9566 studies were obtained during literature searches, and 271 of these met inclusion for this review. Overall, while many nonopioid analgesics have been found to be effective in reducing pain for many chronic pain conditions, it is evident that the number of high-quality studies is lacking, and the effect sizes noted in many studies are not considered to be clinically significant despite statistical significance. More research is needed to determine effective and mechanism-based treatments for the chronic pain syndromes discussed in this review. Utilization of rigorous and homogeneous research methodology would likely allow for better consistency and reproducibility, which is of utmost importance in guiding evidence-based care.
Vers un système de navigation 3D en neuroradiologie interventionnelle

En neuroradiologie interventionnelle, la machine d'angiographie RX est le moyen d'imagerie par excellence pour guider le medecin dans l'accomplissement de son geste therapeutique. Cette machine permet l'acquisition d'une image 3D montrant les arteres du patient (ou 3DXA). Cependant, le controle visuel du deploiement des outils (guide, catheter. . . ) est effectue en 2D avec une image temps reel (ou fluoroscopie). Cette these a pour ambition de contribuer a l'amelioration des techniques de guidage en proposant des outils permettant une utilisation de l’image 3D durant le traitement. Les images etant acquises avec la meme machine d'angiographie, nous avons consacre une partie de notre travail au developpement de methodes fiables de calibrage de la chaine image portee par l'arceau rotatif de la machine. Le but etait de comprendre si l'arceau se deformait ou non sous l'influence de son poids. Tirant parti du fait que les images sont acquises avec la meme machine, nous avons ensuite propose une methode de recalage 3D2D entre l'image 3DXA et la fluoroscopie. Cette methode exploite les capteurs de position du systeme et incorpore les deformations subies par le systeme. Suite a ces travaux, un systeme permettant la fusion de l'image 3DXA avec la fluoroscopie a ete developpe en collaboration avec GE Healthcare et evalue au CHU de Nancy pour le traitement des anevrismes cerebraux. Enfin, un nouveau systeme dote de deux chaines images (ou systeme bi-plan) a ete installe a Nancy durant notre these. Apres avoir developpe une methode de detection 2D du guide dans les images fluoroscopiques, nous avons initie une premiere etude de la reconstruction 3D du guide a partir des images bi-plan.
Gender, Alcohol, and the Media: The Portrayal of Men and Women in Alcohol Commercials

In this article we focus on alcohol commercials in the media because they have a large influence on behaviors and the portrayal of gender. This paper seeks to reevaluate and extend ideal types used...
Nonadiabatic transition probabilities in a time-dependent Gaussian pulse or plateau pulse: Toward experimental tests of the differences from Dirac’s transition probabilities

For a quantum system subject to a time-dependent perturbing field, Dirac’s analysis gives the probability of transition to an excited state |k⟩ in terms of the norm square of the entire excited-state coefficient ck(t) in the wave function. By integrating by parts in Dirac’s equation for ck(t) at first order, Landau and Lifshitz separated ck(1)(t) into an adiabatic term ak(1)(t) that characterizes the gradual adjustment of the ground state to the perturbation without transitions and a nonadiabatic term bk(1)(t) that depends explicitly on the time derivative of the perturbation at times t′ ≤ t. Landau and Lifshitz stated that the probability of transition in a pulsed perturbation is given by |bk(t)|2, rather than by |ck(t)|2. We use the term “transition probability” to refer to the probability that a true excited-state component is present in the time-evolved wave function, as opposed to a smooth modification of the initial state. In recent work, we have examined the differences between |bk(t)|2 and |ck(t)|2 when a system is perturbed by a harmonic wave in a Gaussian envelope. We showed that significant differences exist when the frequency of the harmonic wave is off-resonance with the transition frequency. In this paper, we consider Gaussian perturbations and pulses that rise via a half Gaussian shoulder to a level plateau and later return to zero via a down-going half Gaussian. While the perturbation is constant, the transition probability |bk(t)|2 does not change. By contrast, |ck(t)|2 continues to oscillate while the perturbation is constant, and its time averaged value differs from |bk(t)|2. We suggest a general type of experiment to prove that the transition probability is given by |bk(t)|2, not |ck(t)|2. We propose a ratio test that does not require accurate knowledge of transition matrix elements or absolute field intensities.For a quantum system subject to a time-dependent perturbing field, Dirac’s analysis gives the probability of transition to an excited state |k⟩ in terms of the norm square of the entire excited-state coefficient ck(t) in the wave function. By integrating by parts in Dirac’s equation for ck(t) at first order, Landau and Lifshitz separated ck(1)(t) into an adiabatic term ak(1)(t) that characterizes the gradual adjustment of the ground state to the perturbation without transitions and a nonadiabatic term bk(1)(t) that depends explicitly on the time derivative of the perturbation at times t′ ≤ t. Landau and Lifshitz stated that the probability of transition in a pulsed perturbation is given by |bk(t)|2, rather than by |ck(t)|2. We use the term “transition probability” to refer to the probability that a true excited-state component is present in the time-evolved wave function, as opposed to a smooth modification of the initial state. In recent work, we have examined the differences between |bk(t)|2 and |ck(t)|...
Hauntings of a Korean American Woman Researcher in the Field.

In this autoethnography, I inquire into naming the histories and dynamics behind some of the embodied and affective experiences I have had as a Korean American woman of color while studying up/down...
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Competency to Stand Trial (CST): A Call on Forensic Evaluators to Become Informed

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder affects an estimated 3–5% of the population and results in numerous functional deficits in cognitive, social, and adaptive skills. Additionally, it is estimated that...
Advancing Nursing Theory Within Faith Community Nursing

Theories and conceptual models have been integral to the profession of nursing through guiding practice, policy, and research. This chapter will delve into select faith community nursing conceptual models from a historical perspective. Pertinent conceptual models in faith community nursing will be identified, synthesized, and described in relationship to nursing theory development in faith community nursing. Significant to this discussion is an interest in capturing faith community nursing practice through the development of various conceptual models over time. The work completed thus far in conceptual model development for faith community nursing demonstrates an effort on the part of nursing professionals to describe and advance the practice of faith community nursing through describing and guiding the future development of this specialty nursing practice.
System Level EMC for Multiple EMI Sources

A system level EMC method is proposed in this paper to predict the electromagnetic interference (EMI) from multiple radiators. The problem under test consists of a large network router with 480 optical modules radiating at 10.3 GHz. The proposed method handles the analysis of this system by using different phased array antenna topologies. Systematic conclusions are presented including the effect of same frequency vs. different frequency of radiating subsystems, the possibility of missing the maximum emission (Emax) during horizontal scan and height scan, and the effect of the radiation pattern for different radiators. The results indicate the existence of a 10 Log N (dB) tendency for the Emax parameter in the case of adding a complex electric field (voltage) and random phase distribution over the line cards. It also shows similarity to an 8 Log N (dB) tendency for adding power intensity for different line cards with slightly offset frequencies. The developed method can be extended to other frequency ranges when necessary. The proposed statistical method is useful when it is not practical to assemble a complete system consisting of several radiating subsystems with different frequencies in EMI testing.
An Unusual Case of Essential Tremor Deep Brain Stimulation: Where is the Lead?

Clinical vignette A 73-year-old female with essential tremor (ET) underwent bilateral thalamic ventralis intermedius (Vim) deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. The leads provided tremor benefit, but the location was suboptimal and contributed to stimulation-induced hemichorea. Clinical dilemma Can patients with ET derive benefit when stimulating outside the Vim? What do we know about stimulation-induced hemichorea in the setting of ET? Clinical solution Lead localization combined with advanced programming strategies can be employed to troubleshoot DBS in settings when benefits are observed along with adverse effects. Gap in knowledge Sparse information exists about DBS when applied to neuroanatomic regions outside the Vim for the management of ET. Subthalamic nucleus DBS-induced chorea has been reported in multiple movement disorders, but not in ET.
Tuning Triplet-Pair Separation versus Relaxation Using a Diamond Anvil Cell

Summary A tradeoff exists between triplet-pair separation versus relaxation that can limit the ability to utilize singlet fission for enhancing solar cell efficiency beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit. Here, we show that this tradeoff can be avoided in crystalline environments by studying a functionalized pentacene compressed in a diamond anvil cell. We demonstrate, using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, that there is a “sweet spot” where the rate of triplet-pair separation can be accelerated by nearly an order of magnitude without causing fast excited state relaxation. X-ray diffraction and computational modeling allow us to quantify the corresponding increase of intermolecular coupling. Our findings suggest that increased coupling enhances excited state relaxation but that crystalline environments can suppress these relaxation processes in pentacene derivatives. The combination of these effects leads to the sweet spot and informs efforts to enhance triplet-pair separation rates in amorphous systems such as polymers.
Chapter 19 – Ostracoda

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the general biology, morphology, phylogeny, evolution, ecology, physiology, and classification of members of the class ostracoda of Crustacea. About 420 species of seed shrimps (ostracodes) are found in North America. Ostracodes are easily distinguished from other crustaceans by the typical, bivalved carapace enveloping their bodies. This protective covering is composed of chitin and calcite. Ostracodes occur within the benthos of nearly every conceivable aquatic system, from temporary ponds to large rivers to groundwater habitats, but they rarely enter the plankton even though many species are good swimmers. They are more commonly found in lentic systems than flowing-water habitats. Almost all are free living, and most consume attached algae or detritus. In turn, they are, preyed upon by fish, waterfowl, and various benthic and planktonic invertebrates.
Hemodynamically significant cardiac arrhythmias during general anesthesia for spine surgery: A case series and literature review

Abstract Background context Hemodynamically significant bradycardia and cardiac arrest (CA) are rare under general anesthesia (GA) for spine surgery. Although patient risks are well defined, emerging data implicate surgical, anesthetic and neurologic factors which should be considered in the immediate management and decision to continue or terminate surgery. Purpose To characterize causes and contributors to significant arrhythmias during spine surgery. We also provide an updated literature review to inform spine care teams and aid in the management of intraoperative bradycardia and CA. Study design Case series and literature review Patient sample Six patients who underwent spine surgery from 03/2016 to 01/2020 at a single institution and developed unexpected hemodynamically significant arrhythmia Outcome measures Our primary outcome was to identify potential risk factors of interest for significant arrhythmia during spine surgery. Methods Medical records of patients who underwent spine surgery from 03/2016 to 01/2020 at a single institution and developed unexpected hemodynamically significant arrhythmia during spine surgery were identified from a departmental Quality Assurance Database. We evaluated the presence/absence of patient, surgical, anesthetic and neurologic risk factors and estimated the most likely etiology of the event, immediate and subsequent management, whether surgery was postponed or continued and outcomes. Results We found a temporal relationship of bradyarrhythmia and CA after somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) stimulation in 4/6 cases and pharmacy/polypharmacy in 2/6. Surgery was completed in 4/6 patients, and terminated in 2/6 (subsequently completed in both). We found no adverse outcomes in any patients. Our literature review predominately identified case reports for guidance to support decision making. New literaure suggests peripheral nerve blocks and opioid-sparing anesthetic agents should also be considered. Conclusions Significant bradycardia and CA during spine surgery does not always require termination of the surgical procedure. Decision making should be undertaken in each case individually, with an updated awareness of potential causes. The study also suggests the need for large prospective studies to adequately assess incidence, risk factors and outcomes.
Operational-dependent wind turbine wake impact on surface momentum flux revealed by snow-powered flow imaging

As wind energy continues to expand, increased interaction between wind farms and their surroundings can be expected. Using natural snowfall to visualize the air flow in the wake of a utility-scale wind turbine at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution, we observe intermittent periods of strong interaction between the wake and the ground surface and quantify the momentum flux during these periods. Significantly, we identify two turbine operational-dependent pathways that lead to these periods of increased wake-ground interaction. Data from a nearby meteorological tower provides further insights into the strength and persistence of the enhanced flux for each pathway under different atmospheric conditions. These pathways allow us to resolve discrepancies between previous conflicting studies on the impact of wind turbines on surface fluxes. Furthermore, we use our results to generate a map of the potential impact of wind farms on surface momentum flux throughout the Continental United States, providing a valuable resource for wind farm siting decisions. These findings have implications for agriculture in particular, as crop growth is significantly affected by surface fluxes.
Reduced sensitivity to affiliation and psychopathic traits

Psychopathy is characterized by affective and interpersonal deficits, deviant lifestyle, and antisocial behaviors. Much research has been dedicated to understanding the impairments in reinforcement learning, fear conditioning, and sensitivity to threat, distress, or fear in others, which are thought to underpin psychopathic traits. Fewer studies have examined deficits in affiliative processes, which could provide insight into mechanisms giving rise to the impairments in social bonding, closeness with others, and cooperation that also characterize individuals high on psychopathy. The current study examined whether reduced sensitivity to affiliation was related to psychopathic traits among 407 adults from the community (female, 59%). Sensitivity to affiliation was modeled as a latent construct capturing item-level variance shared across 4 measures that assessed sensitivity to emotional and physical cues of affiliation, including stimuli presented as videos or images, and via self-report ratings about sensitivity to positive affiliative and affective cues. Results indicated that lower sensitivity to affiliation was related to higher total psychopathy scores. In particular, in models parsing the overlap of psychopathy factor and facet scores, lower sensitivity to affiliation was uniquely related to higher Factor 1 and affective facet scores, as well as higher scores on a measure of callous-unemotional traits. Our findings provide support for the existence of important socioaffiliative and motivational deficits that may underpin the affective features of psychopathy and speak to the potential to target such mechanisms in interventions and treatments to reduce psychopathic traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Study on Electrical Insulation Structure Optimization Design of Converter Transformer Bushing

Converter transformer bushing is main insulation structure connecting the inside and outside equipment of valve hall in HVDC transmission project. Its insulation structure can be divided into the oil-impregnated paper capacitance structure and the SF6 gas-epoxy impregnated capacitance core composite insulation structure. The latter has the outstanding advantages of low partial discharge level, good sealing performance and high safety. There are technical difficulties in converter transformer bushing, such as special operating conditions, complex physical and chemical properties of main insulation composite materials, and the various insulation coordination structures. Especially in (±800kV UHVDC) class, the power transmission is high, and the problems of the voltage equalization, field equalization and heat equalization of converter transformer bushing are prominent. The urgent research contents include: the physical and chemical properties test of epoxy impregnated paper composite insulating material under operating conditions, the optimum design of main insulation structure with large aspect ratio and multi-polar plate capacitor core, rule of eddy current heating and Joule heating of insulating medium for bushing metal current-carrying structure under high current, high voltage and multi-harmonic conditions.
Low-Tension Polymer Flooding Using a Short-Hydrophobe Surfactant for Heavy Oil Recovery

Short-hydrophobe surfactants based on cosolvent species have been studied as novel surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. The objective of this research is to investigate such simple surfactants as...