cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
14 ACUTE LUNG INJURY IN THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR INTUBATION.

Purpose Early identification of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is hypothesized to contribute to avoidance of invasive ventilation modalities. There are no studies evaluating ALI in the emergency department (ED), where early identification and interventions are most likely to take place. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of ALI in the ED and to determine factors associated with endotracheal intubation within 24 hours of presentation. Methods Secondary analyses of 11,664 patient records from a study of quality involving 16 EDs were performed. Records were selected if SaO 2 was recorded during the visit. The methods of Ellis and Sevringhaus were used to convert SaO 2 to virtual PaO 2 and allowed calculation of PaO 2 :FiO 2 (PF) ratios. Combining these and historical data, patients were classified as having ALI alone, ALI and ARDS, or neither according to 1994 American-European Consensus Conference criteria. Results SaO 2 was recorded in 2,217 patients; 108 (4%) met ALI criteria, including 25 (1%) with ARDS. Logistic regression for all patients showed the following independent associations with ALI: lower SaO 2 (adjusted OR [95 CI] = 2.4 [2.1, 2.8]), lower temperature (4.1 [2.9,6]), and higher PRISA II (1.13 [1.09, 1.18]) (all p 2 = .22, goodness of fit p > .99). No association was noted for age, gender, SIRS, shock, pCO 2 , CNS, renal or hematologic dysfunction. Twelve (11%) ALI patients were intubated within 24 hours of presentation. Logistic regression for ALI patients showed an independent association for intubation with higher PRISA II only (1.21 [1.05, 1.39], p = .007) ( R 2 = .26, goodness of fit p = .36). Conclusions We found a moderate incidence of nonintubated ALI in the ED. The low R 2 values for the ALI and intubation regression models underscore the lack of criteria for early identification of patients with respiratory compromise. Therefore, the nonintubated ALI patients represent an important group for future studies aimed at early identification of critical illness in the ED.
The Effect of Radiation on Erectile Function

Pelvic radiation and brachytherapy have been used for decades to manage prostate cancer. Although the oncologic outcomes have been closely monitored, much less is known about the sexual dysfunction that occurs secondary to these treatment modalities. Erectile dysfunction is by far the most common sexual sequela of pelvic radiation. This chapter endeavors to discuss the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction after radiation treatment, as well as current limitations in the literature which confound our ability to counsel patients regarding the risk of sexual dysfunction. Outcomes of external beam radiation and brachytherapy are also addressed individually, and aspects unique to various treatment modalities including the use of androgen deprivation therapy are highlighted.
Coordination Chemistry in Rare Earth Containing Ionic Liquids

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) have become an important class of materials, especially considering the constantly increasing number of their applications and commercial use. They are generally defined as salts with a melting point of less than 100°C, but many of them are liquid at room temperature and even below, opening a wide application space. Through the choice of ions is possible to design a liquid with a certain desired property set. For that reason, ILs can be true technology enablers. Combining ILs with rare earths makes potent functional materials with intriguing optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. In this chapter, we present an overview of ILs where rare earth ions are an integral part of either the cation or anion and discuss in detail their coordination through ligands used to create rare earth containing ILs.
Energy‐optimal path planning in the coastal ocean

We integrate data-driven ocean modeling with the stochastic Dynamically Orthogonal (DO) level-set optimization methodology to compute and study energy-optimal paths, speeds, and headings for ocean vehicles in the Middle-Atlantic Bight (MAB) region. We hindcast the energy-optimal paths from among exact time-optimal paths for the period 28 August 2006 to 9 September 2006. To do so, we first obtain a data-assimilative multiscale reanalysis, combining ocean observations with implicit two-way nested multiresolution primitive-equation simulations of the tidal-to-mesoscale dynamics in the region. Second, we solve the reduced-order stochastic DO level-set partial differential equations (PDEs) to compute the joint probability of minimum arrival time, vehicle-speed time series, and total energy utilized. Third, for each arrival time, we select the vehicle-speed time series that minimize the total energy utilization from the marginal probability of vehicle-speed and total energy. The corresponding energy-optimal path and headings are obtained through the exact particle-backtracking equation. Theoretically, the present methodology is PDE-based and provides fundamental energy-optimal predictions without heuristics. Computationally, it is 3–4 orders of magnitude faster than direct Monte Carlo methods. For the missions considered, we analyze the effects of the regional tidal currents, strong wind events, coastal jets, shelfbreak front, and other local circulations on the energy-optimal paths. Results showcase the opportunities for vehicles that intelligently utilize the ocean environment to minimize energy usage, rigorously integrating ocean forecasting with optimal control of autonomous vehicles.
Response to Comments on "Globalization, Scientific Lexicons, and the Future of Biology"

First and foremost I would like to express my gratitude to both the organizers of and participants on this panel. I am grateful for their attention, for the seriousness of their comments, and for t...
Will tyrosine kinase inhibitors be part of the treatment armamentarium for CML in the future

The history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy over the last 6 decades is one of the rapid changes and is fascinating. It started with supportive care, hydrea, busulfan, and radiation back i...
The effect of refined functional carbohydrates from enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on the transmission of environmental Salmonella Senftenberg among broilers and proliferation in broiler housing.

ABSTRACT Hatching eggs collected from resident broiler breeders at 48 wk of age were used to produce male and female chicks that were assigned sex separately to 96 new litter pens and fed either a 0 or 50 g/MT RFC (refined functional carbohydrate feed additive derived from yeast) diet. There were 24 replicate pens of 12 broilers each per diet per sex. Feed intake and BW were determined at 14, 28, and 42 d of age. Litter was sampled by pen using sterile socks at 35 d and tested for Salmonella spp. using an enzyme linked fluorescence assay method. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 7 of 48 control-fed broiler pens but no RFC-fed pens (P ≤ 0.05). Thereafter, 48 males and 48 females were selected based on litter Salmonella presence and RFC treatment. The cecas of these broilers were aseptically excised after feed withdrawal and lairage and tested for presence of Salmonella spp. There were 18 of the 48 control-fed broilers confirmed positive from litter-positive pens but none from litter-negative pens fed RFC. The serovar of litter and cecal Salmonella isolates was Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Senftenberg (S. Senftenberg). Female broilers that were fed RFC exhibited greater BW at 28 d (P ≤ 0.05) and 42 d (P ≤ 0.05) while RFC-fed males exhibited improved feed efficiency during the 15–28 d period (P = 0.06). These data demonstrated that dietary RFC reduced the prevalence of Salmonella in the litter and ceca of broilers when fed continuously while not being detrimental to broiler live performance.
Minority-World Professionals in Majority-World Early Childhood Contexts: How Do International Field Experiences Promote Intercultural Competence or Reinforce "Professional" Ethnocentrism?.

This colloquium problematizes the use of early childhood international field experiences as a tool for professional development with Euro-Western pre-service and in-service teachers. The authors cr...
Manipulation of the Vadose Zone to Enhance Toxic Organic Chemical Removal

The vadose zone serves as a medium for the transport of toxic organic chemicals from the soil surface to groundwater. Thus, the vadose zone can itself be considered a source of groundwater pollution; remediation of contaminated groundwater will never be complete as long as mobile contaminants remain in the vadose zone. In addition, even pristine groundwater is threatened with contamination as long as the vadose zone contains xenobiotic materials. Given the long transit times often required for pollutant transport through the vadose zone to groundwater, vadose zone contamination represents an unpleasant legacy for future generations. Clearly, if groundwater pollution is to be avoided or minimized, methods must be applied to remove or control contaminants in the vadose zone.
Examining Human Impacts on Global Biogeochemical Cycling Via the Coastal Zone and Ocean Margins

Biogeochemical cycling, like most earth system functions, is increasingly subject to human perturbation. Nowhere is this more evident than in the coastal zone, the interphase domain between land, ocean, and atmosphere. The coast and its ecosystems, including wetlands, estuaries, marshes, mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs, are continuously modified by human activities through changing land and water uses, and increasing waste loading from economic activities. This chapter aims to provide a most recent synoptic and by no means comprehensive overview of human impacts on the biogeochemical transformations that coastal ecosystems, healthy or otherwise, perform for ecosystem integrity and human well-being. How humans have transformed the planet’s behavior through their activities along the catchment–coast continuum is discussed in Sect. 9.2. Large-scale ecosystem impacts resulting from these activities are the focus of Sect. 9.3. Finally, Sect. 9.4 examines approaches and innovations that may enable human institutions to enhance human well-being as well as ecosystem health across the water continuum.
Challenges in the Design of Active and Durable Alloy Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cells

Nanoparticles –from a few Angstroms to tens of nanometers- have been used as catalysts well before the word nanotechnology became popular. It is not surprising to expect that very small particles, having a large surface/volume ratio and a large proportion of low-coordinated sites may be much more reactive than flat surfaces. However, obtaining a uniform catalyst material, with welldefined particle size and surface composition is still an extremely difficult task. If in addition, the catalyst needs to stand a harsh environment, where not only the target reaction, but also other undesired corrosion reactions may take place, the catalyst synthesis and the performance of the catalyst under reaction conditions becomes even much more complex.
Sepsis Bundle Adherence Is Associated with Improved Survival in Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock.

Author(s): Milano, Peter K.; Desai, Shoma A.; Eiting, Erick A.; Hofmann, Erik F.; Lam, Chun N.; Menchine, Michael | Abstract: Introduction: There have been conflicting data regarding the relationship between sepsis-bundle adherence and mortality. Moreover, little is known about how this relationship may be moderated by the anatomic source of infection or the location of sepsis declaration.Methods: This was a multi-center, retrospective, observational study of adult patients with a hospital discharge diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock. The study included patients who presented to one of three Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (DHS) full-service hospitals January 2012 to December 2014. The primary outcome of interest was the association between sepsis-bundle adherence and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures included in-hospital mortality by source of infection, and the location of sepsis declaration.Results: Among the 4,582 patients identified with sepsis, overall mortality was lower among those who received bundle-adherent care compared to those who did not (17.9% vs. 20.4%; p=0.035). Seventy-five percent (n=3,459) of patients first met sepsis criteria in the ED, 9.6% (n=444) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 14.8% (n=678) on the ward. Bundle adherence was associated with lower mortality for those declaring in the ICU (23.0% adherent [95% confidence interval {CI} {16.8-30.5}] vs. 31.4% nonadherent [95% CI {26.4-37.0}]; p=0.063), but not for those declaring in the ED (17.2% adherent [95%CI {15.8-18.7}] vs. 15.1% non-adherent [95% CI {13.0-17.5}]; p=0.133) or on the ward (24.8% adherent [95% CI {18.6-32.4}] vs. 24.4% non-adherent [95% CI {20.9-28.3}]; p=0.908). Pneumonia was the mostcommon source of sepsis (32.6%), and patients with pneumonia had the highest mortality of all other subsets receiving bundle non-adherent care (28.9%; 95% CI [25.3-32.9]). Although overall mortality was lower among those who received bundle-adherent care compared to those who did not, when divided into subgroups by suspected source of infection, a statistically significant mortality benefit to bundle-adherent sepsis care was only seen in patients with pneumonia.Conclusion: In a large public healthcare system, adherence with severe sepsis/septic shock management bundles was found to be associated with improved survival. Bundle adherence seems to be most beneficial for patients with pneumonia. The overall improved survival in patients who received bundle-adherent care was driven by patients declaring in the ICU. Adherence was not associated with lower mortality in the large subset of patients who declared in the ED, nor in the smaller subset of patients who declared in the ward.
Making Good Sense: Pragmatism’s Mastery of Meaning, Truth, and Workable Rule of Law

The hermeneutic pragmatism explored in this article timely examines how “post-truth” claims over-estimate semantic freedoms while at the same time underestimating semantic and pre-semantic restraints. Such pragmatism also timely examines how formalists err by committing the reverse errors. Drawing on insights from James, Peirce, Putnam, Rorty, Gadamer, Derrida, and others, such hermeneutic pragmatism explores (1) the necessary role of both internal and objective experience in meaning, (2) the resulting instrumental nature of concepts required to deal with such experience, (3) the related need for workability to apply to the “the collectivity of experience’s demands, nothing being omitted,” (4) the inherent role of morality and other norms in measuring such workability, (5) the semantic as well as experiential nature of our workable realities, (6) the semantic freedoms involved in constructing, framing, and retaining our workable realities and concepts, and (7) the semantic, pre-semantic, and other restraints on constructing, framing, and retaining our workable realities and concepts. Such hermeneutic pragmatism also introduces Eunomia, a real-world alternative to Dworkin’s superhuman judge Hercules. Named after the Greek goddess of good order, the human Eunomia represents the reasonable judge excellently versed in (among other things) legal theory, legal practice, linguistics, and philosophy of language. Additionally, in its appendices, this article surveys the pragmatic restraints of “implementives” and provides a detailed overview of pragmatic “workability” restraints for both law and fact. (By “sense” the title of this article means not only “meaning conveyed or intended” but also “capacity for effective application of the powers of the mind as a basis for action or response.” See Sense, MERRIAM-WEBSTER’S COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY (11th ed. 2014) “Workable” has the broad meaning discussed in Sections II, IV, and Appendix C of the Article, and "good" is further explored in the section on Eunomia, namesake of the Greek goddess of good order.)
The Price of Salt, Carol, and Queer Narrative Desire(s)

This chapter offers a brief narrative history of Patricia Highsmith’s The Price of Salt and its origins, marketing, and contemporaneous reception in order to provide a backdrop for its reading of the narrative dynamics of queer female desire in the Phyllis Nagy/Todd Haynes film adaptation, Carol (2015). Arguing that the latter’s articulation of cinematic point of view and space glosses a meta-textual queer erotics in the form of desire as both subject and engine of the narrative itself, the chapter is theoretically grounded in the work of literary and cultural critics Peter Brooks and Roland Barthes, among others. It presumes that source materials and their subsequent reworkings are equally significant cultural texts, neither holding primacy over the other and existing as independent (though related) products.
Implementation of Speech Based Home Automation Using Bluetooth with Security System

The home automation system plays an important role in maintaining the living standards also it provides a secure and flexible environment around the home. The aim of this project is to design a home automation system which makes an operating of electrical appliances through android applications and also to provide secure home through smart phones. The home automation system allows controlling of home appliances by the usage of voice commands recognizing the input speech. That is the electrical appliances such as fan, light switches, light sensors, current sensors are integrated in a system which then connected to Raspberry which act as controller within the home to control and perform the user commands. This system provides safety from intrusion, theft, fire and leakage of flammable for the people. This work also aims to provide security and surveillance to home through internet. In this work, the proposed system is designed using Linux OS based Raspberry Pi-3 boarda and USB web camera. A webpage is provided to the end user with username and password in order to allow only the entry of authorized users. After login successfully into the webpage, the user is able to control the live streaming video of the desired location. This paper illustrates a methodology to provide a low-cost Home Automation System (HAS) using Bluetooth. A Bluetooth based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is designed for the purpose of monitoring and controlling environmental, safety and electrical parameters of a smart interconnected home.
The anatomy of controversy, from Charlottesville to Rome

This article compares two recent memory controversies in the United States and Italy – the removal of the Robert E. Lee statue in Charlottesville, Virginia and the Legge Fiano, the abortive ban on Fascist propaganda proposed by Emanuele Fiano and the Partito Democratico – in order to identify a common set of challenges now confronting liberal democracies on both sides of the Atlantic. While acknowledging the longue duree of memory politics surrounding the Confederacy and Fascism respectively, the article argues that disputes over their monuments and symbols must also be situated in terms of contemporary debates over national identity, race, populism, citizenship and speech.
Current Trends in Steroid Dose Choice and Frequency of Administration of Epidural Steroid Injections: A Survey Study.

Background Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are commonly used to treat refractory radicular spinal pain. Although evidence suggests that an increasing cumulative dose of exogenous corticosteroid may be harmful, knowledge of current practice patterns is limited regarding the choice of dose and frequency of epidural steroid injections (ESIs). Objective Describe current practice trends in the dose selection and frequency of administration of transforaminal ESIs (TFESIs) and interlaminar ESIs (ILESIs). Design Cross-sectional survey study. Setting Not applicable. Participants Three hundred fourteen physician members of the Spine Intervention Society (SIS). From May to June 2018, an online survey was distributed to 5907 physician members of the SIS. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Corticosteroid dose used by practitioners and the number of annual ESIs administered per patient. Results Three hundred fourteen physicians responded to the survey. For single cervical or lumbar injections of dexamethasone, most physicians (56.0%) reported using 10 mg; 17% of physicians reported use of doses greater than 10 mg, with 6% using a dose of 20 mg per injection level. The most common particulate corticosteroid dose used during both cervical and lumbar ILESIs was 80 mg (cervical = 55.4%, lumbar = 54.7%). During cervical and lumbar ILESIs, 17% and 12.7% of physicians reported using doses greater than 80 mg, respectively. Almost 10% of physicians reported performing cervical TFESIs with particulate steroids. Forty percent of physicians reported allowing four ESIs at a given spinal segmental level per year (cervical/thoracic/lumbosacral). A small percentage of physicians reported allowing more than six ESIs annually (6%) and >10 injections annually (1%). Conclusions There is considerable variability among this large cohort of interventionists with regard to corticosteroid dose selection and epidural steroid injection frequency. A small proportion of respondents reported Mulitsociety Pain Workgroup guideline-discordant use of particulate steroids during cervical TFESIs. These findings demonstrate a need for additional research regarding both the reasons for such variation in care and the reasons for guideline-discordant practice in a subset of physicians. Level of evidence IV.
Pig-a mutations in bone marrow erythroblasts of rats treated with 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene.

Abstract Flow cytometry-based phenotypic detection of red blood cells (RBCs) deficient in surface markers anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is an efficient tool for monitoring somatic mutation in mammalian species. Biochemical considerations suggest that GPI-anchored marker-deficient RBCs found in peripheral blood are due to mutations in the endogenous X-linked phosphatidylinositolglycan, class A gene (Pig-a gene). Yet the linkage between the detected mutant phenotype and the actual mutation in the Pig-a gene is difficult to establish directly in mammalian RBCs that are naturally free of genomic DNA and may have only traces of heavily degraded mRNA. We have traced the origin of the marker-deficient RBC phenotype in the precursors of peripheral RBCs, bone marrow erythroid cells (BMEs, also known as erythroblasts), in rats treated by gavage with 75 mg/kg of the potent mutagen, 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The frequencies of marker-deficient BMEs were significantly increased in DMBA-treated rats. We identified Pig-a mutations in sorted mutant phenotype BMEs. The spectrum of DMBA-induced Pig-a mutations in erythroid lineage cells was identical to the spectra of mutations previously determined for the Pig-a and for another X-linked reporter gene, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene, in cells of lymphoid lineage, spleen T-lymphocytes. Our observations lend additional support to the hypothesis that GPI-anchored marker-deficient RBCs are true Pig-a mutants.
The Waiting Room: A Space for Self-Expression in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting.

In The Poetics of Space , Gaston Bachelard1 characterizes the house as “one of the greatest powers of integration for the thoughts, memories and dreams of mankind...Life begins well, it begins enclosed, protected, all warm in the bosom of the house.” As medical students, it was often difficult to feel a sense of belonging as we transitioned between rotations throughout our core clinical year. During this time of frequent change, we felt most at home in the Charles B. Rangel Community Health Center in Harlem (hereafter, "Rangel"), which provides care to a Medicaid-insured, predominantly African American and Hispanic population. As members of the Daniel Noyes Brown Scholars Program, a program within the medical school that seeks to expose students to primary care models and mentors, we were uniquely fortunate to enjoy a longitudinal experience at Rangel, making it a space where we felt safe and connected to the staff and patient community. We hoped to make the space that had become our professional home into an inviting and comfortable medical home for patients and families. When thinking about how best to enhance the medical home model, we thought it might be interesting to examine the physical design of the clinic itself because of our shared interest in narrative medicine and the therapeutic potential of art and architecture.2 Although the field of narrative medicine emphasizes the power of stories and the importance of listening in … Address correspondence to Anoushka A. Sinha, MD, MS, Pediatric Residency Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, CHN-517, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: as4531{at}cumc.columbia.edu
Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Rare Adult Diagnosis

Author(s): Schmutz, Kaitlyn; McGaig, Gaea; Theiling, B. Jason | Abstract: Case Presentation: Approximately 94% of patients with Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) are diagnosed before the age of five. In our case, a young adult with years of constipation presented to the emergency department with significant abdominal distention. He was ultimately diagnosed with HD, which was identified using computed tomography (CT).Discussion: In HD, we find defects in gastric motility due to improper gut colonization. Without childhood recognition, HD often leads to chronic constipation and failure to thrive in adulthood. CT is a key step in identifying this rare adult diagnosis that should be considered in all patients with a history of chronic constipation.
Stoichiometric Modelling of String Chemistries

Uncovering the general principles that govern the architecture of metabolic networks is key to understanding the emergence and evolution of living systems. Artificial chemistries, in silico representations of chemical reaction networks arising from a defined set of mathematical rules, can help address this challenge by enabling the exploration of alternative chemical universes and the possible metabolic networks that could emerge within them. Here we focus on artificial chemistries in which strings of characters represent simplified molecules, and string concatenation and splitting represent possible chemical reactions. We study string chemistries using tools borrowed from the field of stoichiometric constraint-based modeling of organismal metabolic networks, through a novel Python package, ARtificial CHemistry NEtwork Toolbox (ARCHNET). In addition to exploring the complexity and connectivity properties of different string chemistries, we developed a network-pruning algorithm that can generate minimal metabolic networks capable of producing a specified set of biomass precursors from a given assortment of environmental molecules within the string chemistry framework. We found that the identities of the metabolites in the biomass reaction wield much more influence over the structure of the minimal metabolic networks than the identities of the nutrient metabolites -- a notion that could help us better understand the rise and evolution of biochemical organization. Our work provides a bridge between artificial chemistries and stoichiometric modeling, which can help address a broad range of open questions, from the spontaneous emergence of an organized metabolism to the structure of microbial communities.
A robust deep learning framework for short-term wind power forecast of a full-scale wind farm using atmospheric variables

Abstract Short-term (less than 1 h) forecast of the power generated by wind turbines in a wind farm is extremely challenging due to the lack of reliable data from meteorological towers and numerical weather model outputs at these timescales. A robust deep learning model is developed for short-term forecasts of wind turbine generated power in a wind farm using the state-of-the-art temporal convolutional networks (TCN) to simultaneously capture the temporal dynamics of the wind turbine power and relationship among the local meteorological variables. An orthogonal array tuning method based on the Taguchi design of experiments is utilized to optimize the hyperparameters of the proposed TCN model. The proposed TCN model is validated using twelve months of data from a 130 MW utility-scale wind farm with 86 wind turbines in comparison with some of the existing methods in the literature. The power curves obtained from the proposed TCN model show consistent improvements over existing methods at all wind speeds.
Etiologies and Outcomes Associated with Tacrolimus Levels out of Typical Range that Lead to High Variability in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background High tacrolimus intrapatient variability (tac IPV) is associated with poor outcomes in kidney transplantation, including rejection, donor-specific antibodies, and graft loss. A common cause of high tac IPV is related to patient nonadherence, but this is yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Methods This was a longitudinal cohort study comprising adult kidney recipients, who received transplants between 2015 and 2017, with follow-ups through February 2020. The goal of this study was to identify the most common etiologies of tac levels outside the typical range, which lead to high tac IPV, and assess the etiology-specific associations between high tac IPV and graft outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess time-to-event analyses. Results In total, 537 adult kidney recipients were included; 145 (27%) were identified as having a high tac IPV (>40%) 3-12 months post-transplant. Common etiologies of tac levels significantly outside the standard goal range (6-12 ng/mL) leading to high tac IPV included patient non-adherence (20%), infections (19%), tac-related toxicities (17%), and undocumented issues (27%). In multivariable Cox modeling, those with high tac IPV because of nonadherence had a 3.5 times higher risk of late acute rejection (p = 0.019) and 2.2 times higher risk of late graft loss (p = 0.044). No other etiologies in the typical tac level range were significantly associated with either acute rejection or graft loss. Conclusions Although high tac IPV has many causes, only high tac IPV caused by nonadherence is consistently associated with poor allograft outcomes.
Systematic Interrogation of Protein Refolding Under Cellular-Like Conditions

The journey by which proteins navigate their energy landscapes to their native structures is complex, involving (and sometimes requiring) many cellular factors and processes operating in partnership with a given polypeptide chains intrinsic energy landscape. The cytosolic environment and its complement of chaperones play critical roles in granting proteins safe passage to their native states; however, the complexity of this medium has generally precluded biophysical techniques from interrogating protein folding under cellular-like conditions for single proteins, let alone entire proteomes. Here, we develop a limited-proteolysis mass spectrometry approach paired within an isotope-labeling strategy to globally monitor the structures of refolding E. coli proteins in the cytosolic medium and with the chaperones, GroEL/ES (Hsp60) and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (Hsp70/40). GroEL can refold the majority (85%) of the E. coli proteins for which we have data, and is particularly important for restoring acidic proteins and proteins with high molecular weight, trends that come to light because our assay measures the structural outcome of the refolding process itself, rather than indirect measures like binding or aggregation. For the most part, DnaK and GroEL refold a similar set of proteins, supporting the view that despite their vastly different structures, these two chaperones both unfold misfolded states, as one mechanism in common. Finally, we identify a cohort of proteins that are intransigent to being refolded with either chaperone. The data support a model in which chaperone-nonrefolders have evolved to fold efficiently once and only once, co-translationally, and remain kinetically trapped in their native conformations. HIGHLIGHTS- New proteomic methods are developed to probe protein refolding globally and sensitively in a complex background - The results revise the consensus model of which E. coli proteins require the GroEL chaperonin for efficient refolding - DnaK (Hsp70) and GroEL refold largely the same clientele, suggesting that these distinct chaperones share a common unifying mechanism - A small cohort of proteins cannot be fully restored by chaperones. These chaperone- nonrefolders tend to be involved in tRNA aminoacylation and glycolysis, and may have kinetically-trapped native states
The role of clinical pharmacology in molecular genetics

PROBLEM: Discovering the causes of unusual phenotypes in human subjects is an important aspect of patient-oriented research. MATERIAL: The tools of clinical pharmacology are uniquely useful in addressing these problems. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS, OR CASE HISTORIES: We evaluated a 42-year-old patient with lifelong orthostatic hypotension and ptosis of the eyelids. He underwent a series of biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological tests outlined in this article. RESULTS: These studies indicated that sympathetic innervation was intact but that the sympathetic neurotransmitter was dopamine rather than norepinephrine. These results demonstrated that dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency underlies the clinical abnormalities of this patient. CONCLUSION: In selected individuals with unusual phenotypes, the techniques of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology can define the nature of the defect at almost the resolution of the human genome.
Defining a role for LYRIC in NF‐kappaB signaling and prostate tumor progression

LYRIC (AEG-1/metadherin) is a highly conserved protein that we have previously shown to be localized to tight junctions in normal prostate, liver and other tissues. Data from our own lab and others...
Simulation als Teil moderner Entwicklungsprozesse

Simulation ist heute haufig fester Bestandteil des Entwicklungsprozesses. Aus Zeitgrunden verlauft die Entwicklung in unterschiedlichen Gewerken (z. B. Mechanik, Elektrik, So.ware) nicht sequenziell sondern parallel. Dabei liegt es in der Natur der Sache, dass sich Anderungen ergeben konnen, die allen Beteiligten bekannt sein mussen. Eine konsistente Dokumentation, z. B. in Formeiner gemeinsamen Spezifikation, ist dafur Voraussetzung. Ein moglicher Ansatz dafur ist eine ausfuhrbare Spezifikation in Form eines Simulationsmodells.
Analysis of experimental data on divalent cation diffusion kinetics in aluminosilicate garnets with application to timescales of peak Barrovian metamorphism, Scotland

We present a new statistical framework to analyze the diffusion data for divalent cations (Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ca) in aluminosilicate garnet using published experimental data and an Arrhenius relationship that accounts for dependence on temperature, pressure, garnet unit-cell dimension, and oxygen fugacity. The regression is based on Bayesian statistics and is implemented by the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. All reported experimental uncertainties are incorporated, and the data are weighted by the precision of the experimental conditions. We also include a new term, the inter-experiment bias, to compensate for possible inconsistencies among experiments and to represent any experimental variability not explicitly presented in the Arrhenius relationship (e.g., water content, defect density). At high temperatures where most experiments were conducted, the diffusion coefficients calculated with the new parameters agree well with previous diffusion models (e.g., Chakraborty and Ganguly in Contrib Mineral Petrol, 111:74–86, 1992; Carlson in Am Mineral, 91:1–11, 2006). However, the down-temperature extrapolation leads to notable differences at lower temperatures for common petrological applications. For example, at 600 °C, the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mn are one half-to-one order of magnitude faster and the diffusion coefficient of Ca is about one order of magnitude slower than calculated with parameters in Carlson (2006). Our statistical analysis also provides well-defined uncertainty bounds for timescale estimates based on garnet diffusion profiles. Application of the newly derived coefficients indicates that the timescale of the thermal peak of Barrovian metamorphism (Dalradian belt of Scotland) is about four to seven times longer than that estimated using previously published diffusion coefficients. The peak is still geologically brief, however—of the order of 106 years (0.75 Myr +0.70/−0.36 Myr; ±1σ). This brevity requires pulsed advective heat input, as provided by syn-orogenic mafic magmatism in these rocks.
Estimation of sequences in a signal class determined from the data

An algorithm is presented for extrapolation and spectral estimation of discrete-time signals from a set of samples. First, we assume the given samples are those of a length N sequence that is a member of a signal class consisting of the collection of outputs of a known filter with limited-energy inputs. Then we estimate by finding the signal that goes through the samples and which gives the best estimate of an arbitrary time or frequency sample using a minmax criterion. This estimate is linear and optimal over all the signals in the class and over all possible data. Next we obtain a series of signal estimates, each of which assumes the signal belongs to a different class. We make these classes depend on the data recursively by re-defining them using the previous signal estimate. Convergence of the algorithm is discussed and an example is provided to illustrate the technique.
On the real singularities of the N-body problem

Theorems on collision singularities in many body problem, and bibliography on equations of motion in celestial mechanics
Relationship of ability to breast feed and maternal attitudes toward breast feeding.

Ninety-one mothers were interviewed shortly after delivery to ascertain their attitudes toward breast feeding. Independent judges divided the attitudes into three categories on the basis of written records of the interview. Of the mothers who expressed positive attitudes toward breast feeding, 74% had enough milk by the fifth day after delivery to make formula supplementation unnecessary. Only 35% of those who expressed doubtful and 26% of those who expressed negative attitudes toward breast feeding had enough milk to make formula supplementation unnecessary by the fifth day. Mothers with positive attitudes gave a larger average amount of milk on the fourth day, reported slightly more signs of let-down, and used nipple shields less frequently than the mothers with negative attitudes. Mothers with positive attitudes reported that their babies had less difficulty sucking and less frequently refused the breast, but more frequently refused the bottle than those mothers with negative attitudes. The course of lactation in the mothers with doubtful attitudes although upon the whole more like that of the negative group did follow in some ways that of the positive group. The incidence of crying at the breast and biting or chewing the nipple was the same in all three attitude categories. The implications of this study on the management of breast feeding are discussed.
The business model canvas as a platform for business information literacy instruction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how the graphic organizer the Business Model Canvas can be used as a platform for business information literacy instruction. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a case study of the application of the Business Model Canvas in business information literacy instruction in an academic setting. Findings – Entrepreneurship students can struggle to differentiate between the purposes of databases and to integrate research findings into the planning of their business. The Business Model Canvas (BMC) provides a common framework for entrepreneurship students to understand the different purposes of the many information sources available and imposes the iterative process of making and testing assumptions against research. Research limitations/implications – The findings discussed here are used in business and entrepreneurship classes, and thus far this process has been used with that group in mind. This case study also discusses relatively new processes; the t...
Mutants in a Nonessential Gene of Bacteriophage T4 Which Are Defective in the Degradation of Escherichia coli Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Abstract Wild-type bacteriophage T4 was enriched for mutants which fail to degrade Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by the following method. E. coli B was labeled in DNA at high specific activity with tritiated thymidine (3H-dT) and infected at low multiplicity with unmutagenized T4D. At 25 min after infection, the culture was lysed and stored. Wild-type T4 degrades the host DNA and incorporates the 3H-dT into the DNA of progeny phage; mutants which fail to degrade the host DNA make unlabeled progeny phage. Wild-type progeny are eventually inactivated by tritium decay; mutants survive. Such mutants were found at a frequency of about 1% in the survivors. Eight mutants are in a single complementation group called denA located near gene 63. Four of these mutants which were examined in detail leave the bulk of the host DNA in large fragments. All eight mutants exhibit much less than normal T4 endonuclease II activity. The mutants produce somewhat fewer phage and less DNA than does wild-type T4.
Ultrafast Carrier Thermalization in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

We present detailed studies of the initial relaxation processes of photoexcited carriers in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. We have carried out time-resolved measurements of the photoexcited carrier response in HWCVD a-Si:H thin films using a wavelength-resolved femtosecond pump-probe technique, in which an intense 35-fs pump pulse excites carriers in the sample and a time-delayed probe pulse measures the resulting change in optical properties as a function of time delay following the pump pulse. Measurements of the transient optical absorbance were carried out as a function of the density of excited carriers, sample temperature, and probe wavelength. These studies indicate fast carrier thermalization via phonon emission on a ∼ 150 fs time scale and rapid phonon equilibration on a ∼ 230 fs time scale.
Educational and Financial Institutions Partnering to Implement CSAs: Evaluation of Financial Partners’ Perspectives from the 2011 GEAR UP Invitational Priority

Educational and financial institutions are increasingly partnering to open Children’s Savings Accounts (CSAs); however, little is known about these partnerships’ effectiveness for planning and implementing CSAs. A 2011 invitational priority from the Department of Education encouraged partnerships between Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP) programs and financial institutions to open CSAs for low-income students, which provided an opportunity to evaluate these partnerships. In-depth interviews with 10 personnel from 6 financial institutions who partnered with 4 GEAR UP programs revealed that partnerships with stakeholders, time spent on planning, and strategies for overcoming barriers were important for implementing CSAs. Lessons for practice and policy are discussed.
A learning algorithm for the longest common subsequence problem

We present an experimental study of a learning algorithm for the longest common subsequence problem, LCS. Given an arbitrary input domain, the algorithm learns an LCS-procedure tailored to that domain. The learning is done with the help of an oracle, which can be any LCS-algorithm. After solving a limited number of training inputs using an oracle, the learning algorithm outputs a new LCS-procedure.Our experiments demonstrate that, by allowing a slight loss of optimality, learning yields a procedure which is significantly faster than the oracle. The oracle used for the experiments is the np-procedure by Wu et al., a modification of Myers' classical LCS-algorithm. We show how to scale up the results of learning on small inputs to inputs of arbitrary lengths. For the domain of two random 2-symbol inputs of length n, learning yields a program with 0.999 expected accuracy, which runs in O(n1.41)-time, in contrast with O(n2/log n) running time of the fastest theoretical algorithm that produces optimal solutions. For the domain of random 2-symbol inputs of length 100,000, the program runs 10.5 times faster than the np-procedure, producing 0.999- accurate outputs. The scaled version of the evolved algorithm applied to random inputs of length 1 million runs approximately 30 times faster than the np-procedure while constructing 0.999- accurate solutions. We apply the evolved algorithm to DNA sequences of various lengths by training on random 4-symbol sequences of up to length 10,000. The evolved algorithm, scaled up to the lengths of up to 1.8 million, produces solutions with the 0.998-accuracy in a fraction of the time used by the np.
Going the Distance: Taking a Diagnostic Imaging Program to Frontier and Rural Oregon

The Grow Your Own diagnostic imaging program is a public/private collaborative venture involving the efforts of an array of community colleges, employers, workforce, and educational partners throughout Oregon. This statewide Community College Partnership delivers diagnostic imaging education to Oregon's rural communities via distributed learning where the demand for qualified radiological technologists is unmet.
Exploring the Link Between Child Sexual Abuse and Sexually Intrusive Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Caregiver Discipline Strategy

Although it has been well documented that children who experience child sexual abuse (CSA) are at increased risk for developing sexually intrusive behaviors (SIB), there is considerable heterogeneity in symptom presentation. With the aim of elucidating potential moderating factors that both exacerbate and attenuate outcomes following CSA, the current study investigated caregiver discipline strategy as one potential factor that may moderate the relationship between CSA and SIB. Participants included 986 eight-year-old children (51.4 % female) drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect consortium. Child maltreatment histories were collected every 2 years starting at age 4, and caregiver discipline strategies and SIB were assessed at age 8. Results confirm the lack of a simple pathway between CSA and SIB and indicate that caregiver discipline strategy may represent a unique moderator for both exacerbating and attenuating risk for SIB following CSA. Specifically, for girls with a history of CSA, caregiver use of adaptive discipline resulted in lower levels of SIB, whereas caregiver use of physical discipline resulted in higher levels of SIB. The present study contributes to the ongoing discourse regarding the treatment of children who have experienced CSA and etiological pathways associated with the development of SIB.
Long-term incubation of rat thymus cells: Cytolytic actions of glucocorticoids in vitro.

A system has been developed for longterm incubation of rat thymus cells in suspension in a chemically defined medium consisting of Medium 199 and methylcellulose. With this system it is possible to study quantitatively the full time-course of glucocorticoid actions, from the early inhibitory effects on glucose uptake to the slow cytolytic effects. Cells incubated under these conditions preserve their sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of cortisol on glucose uptake for at least 12 h. Glucocorticoids at physiological concentrations lead to cytolysis (measured by reduction in viable cell counts determined by a modification of the pronase-cetrimide method) by 12 h incubation time. The cytolytic effect exhibits well-defined dose-response relationships and specificity for glucocorticoids. By 24 h, cortisol at 10-6M consistently reduces the total cell count by about 15‰, and the viable cell count by about 40‰. Cortisol is active down to 10-7M. Dexamethasone is roughly 10 times as active as cortisol, and corti...