cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Triiodothyronine receptors in rat lung.

Specific triiodothyronine receptor activity has been detected in rat lung nuclei isolated by Triton X-100, which was sensitive to pH and exhibited temperature-dependent association kinetics. This activity represented a single order of high affinity binding sites, with an apparent dissociation constant for 3,3′,5- triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) of 0.254 ± 0.027 nM and an apparent capacity of 249.4 ± 15.5 fmol 3,3′,5-triiodo-Lthyronine/mg DNA. Its specificity was such that triiodothyronine derivatives were bound at least 10 times more avidly than were the tetraiodothyronines. The presence of specific triiodothyronine receptors in lung nuclei suggests that the effect of thyroid hormones on pulmonary surfactant metabolism may be mediated through these binding sites. (Endocrinology 102: 1628, 1978)
A birth-death dynamic model of scale-free networks

We study a dynamic model of scale-free networks which incorporates not only the birth of vertices and edges but also their death. We analyze the degree distribution of this model by employing a mean-field approach and numerical simulations.
Image-based crystal plasticity FE framework for microstructure dependent properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloys

Abstract In this paper, micromechanical crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) simulations of the response of virtual/synthetic α–β Ti–6V–4Al polycrystalline microstructures are carried out to quantify the effect of the material's microstructure on mechanical properties. The image-based CPFEM analysis begins with characterization of the morphological and crystallographic features of the material at the scale of the polycrystalline microstructure. Statistically equivalent representative 3D polycrystalline microstructures are generated from the microstructural characterization data and subsequently discretized into finite element meshes for the CPFEM analysis. Using a validated computational analysis tool, sensitivity studies are performed to develop a quantitative understanding of how individual microstructural parameters affect the overall mechanical response properties of the alloy. Functional forms of the dependencies are proposed that connect the material's microstructural features to properties like yield strength response, constant strain rate response and creep response.
International Clinical Experiences with Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Ex vivo lung perfusion has been proposed as a method to identify good quality organs from the suboptimal donor pool, and as a method to reduce cold ischemic times by using a transportable system. As lung transplant centers adopt this new technology, encouraging reports are being published. In addition, single center experiences are now being validated by prospective and multicenter clinical trials. In the present report, we will summarize the rationale behind the use of ex vivo lung perfusion, the current different methodologies, and the published international experiences with its use.
Age Differences in Prenatal Testosterone's Protective Effects on Disordered Eating Symptoms: Developmental Windows of Expression?

Prenatal testosterone exposure may be protective against disordered eating. However, prior studies have produced mixed results. Developmental differences in prenatal testosterone's protective effects on disordered eating may explain these discrepancies. Indeed, studies have differed in the age of participants assessed, with data supporting prenatal testosterone effects on disordered eating in early adolescent and young adult samples but not in late adolescence. The present studies are the first to investigate age differences in prenatal testosterone's protective effects on disordered eating. Two indirect markers of higher prenatal testosterone were examined: (a) lower finger-length ratios (Study 1: index [2D]/ring [4D] finger [2D:4D]) and (b) lower disordered eating in female s from opposite-sex twin pairs (who are thought to be exposed to higher prenatal testosterone from their male co-twin) relative to female controls (Study 2). Participants were twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (Study 1: n = 409; Study 2: n = 1,538) in early adolescence, late adolescence, or young adulthood. Disordered eating was assessed with well-validated questionnaires. Finger-length ratios were measured from hand scans, using electronic computer calipers. Findings were consistent across both studies. Higher prenatal testosterone (lower 2D:4D; females from opposite-sex twin pairs vs. controls) predicted lower disordered eating in early adolescence and young adulthood only. Prenatal testosterone-disordered eating associations were not observed during late adolescence. Results point to the possibility of developmental windows of expression for prenatal testosterone's protective effects on disordered eating and suggest that prior discrepant results may reflect age differences across samples.
Network Analysis of EtOH-Related Candidate Genes

Recently, we collected many large-scale datasets for alcohol dependence and EtOH response in five organisms and deposited them in our EtOH-related gene resource database (ERGR, http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ERGR/). Based on multidimensional evidence among these datasets, we prioritized 57 EtOH-related candidate genes. To explore their biological roles, and the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence, we examined the features of these genes by the Gene Ontology (GO) term-enrichment test and network/pathway analysis. Our analysis revealed that these candidate genes were highly enriched in alcohol dependence/alcoholism and highly expressed in brain or liver tissues. All the significantly enriched GO terms were related to neurotransmitter systems or EtOH metabolic processes. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system, we found that these genes were involved in networks of neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory response, and small molecular metabolism. Many key genes in signaling pathways were in the central position of these networks. Furthermore, our protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested some novel candidate genes which also had evidence in the ERGR database. This study demonstrated that our candidate gene selection is effective and our network/pathway analysis is useful for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence. This approach can be applied to study the features of candidate genes of other complex traits/phenotypes.
Morphine-induced regional and dose-response differences on unit impulse activity in decerebrate rats.

Previous studies have indicated that morphine alters nerve impulse activity differently in various brain areas of intact animals. Because morphine has profound effects on visceral organs and on the spinal cord, cervically transected preparations, in which hypothermia was prevented, were used for recording spontaneous impulse activity before and for 30 min after morphine simultaneously from six regions of the brain: caudate (Cau), midbrain reticular formation (MBRF), central grey (CG), cingulate cortex (CC), hippocampus (Hip), and substantia nigra (SN). Morphine (5 and 15 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a naloxonepreventable depression of impulse activity in most brain areas. The depression was, however, especially pronounced in the CG, more so with the lower than the higher dose; naloxone completely blocked the low-dose effect. The MBRF responded with increased impulse activity after 5 mg/kg, but with depression after 15 mg/kg; naloxone blocked both responses. Activity in both the Hip and CC was depressed by the low dose of morphine, but not by the high dose; naloxone blocked the depression. Both doses of morphine generally depressed the variance in impulse activity, with a clear preferential depression of CG variance; naloxone blocked the CG variance effect, but not that of other brain areas.
Dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in urine.

Information on associations between chlorpyrifos residues in food and personal exposure to chlorpyrifos would be valuable for evaluating the relationship between personal exposure and possible health effects. We used food consumption records, chlorpyrifos levels in duplicate plates, and measures of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) in urine obtained from human volunteers in the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey in Maryland (NHEXAS-MD) to evaluate a food consumption-chemical residue model for estimating dietary intake of chlorpyrifos. Model inputs were the NHEXAS-MD food consumption records and chlorpyrifos residues in specific foods measured in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study (TDS) market baskets from 1993 to 1997. The estimated mean and standard deviation of chlorpyrifos concentration (microg/kg) in duplicate plates (n=203) were within 20% and 50%, respectively, of the corresponding parameters of measured chlorpyrifos levels. However, predicted and measured concentrations in the 78 duplicate plates with detectable levels of chlorpyrifos were not significantly associated according to Spearman correlation analysis (r=0.04, p=0.7667) and linear regression (p=0.2726). Measured and estimated chlorpyrifos intakes for observations with non-zero values for each intake measure (n=71) were moderately associated on a rank (Spearman's r=0.24, p=0.0462) and linear basis (regression r(2)=0.07, p=0.0242). Measured intakes of chlorpyrifos from food and urinary TCPy were significantly correlated in rank order (n=87, Spearman's r=0.30, p=0.0041) and linear (n=87, Pearson's r=0.22, p=0.0409) analyses. Correlation coefficients between estimated intake of chlorpyrifos from food and TCPy were significantly different from zero (n=87; Spearman's r=0.22, p=0.0393; Pearson's r=0.21, p=0.0479). Comparing mean measured chlorpyrifos intake from food (0.46 microg/day) to mean estimated TCPy excretion via urine (6.3 microg/day), dietary intake of chlorpyrifos accounted for approximately 7% of TCPy in this population. These findings suggest the food consumption-chemical residue model can yield reasonably accurate estimates of the population distribution of dietary chlorpyrifos intake, but has little ability to predict dietary exposure for individuals; and that intake of chlorpyrifos from food is a minor contributor to TCPy in urine.
Effect of halofantrine and its desbutyl metabolite on lymphocyte proliferation dynamics.

Abstract Halofantrine hydrochloride (HF), one of the latest antimalarial agents currently undergoing clinical trials, and its active metabolite, N-desbutylhalofantrine (DHF), were examined for their effects on human and rat lymphocytes. HF has a biphasic concentration-dependent effect on phytohemagglutinin stimulated proliferation of human lymphocytes. Concentrations lower than 2.25 μM enhance, while higher concentrations inhibit proliferation. The IC50 values were 9.4 μM for HF, 4.5 μM for DHF and 14.7 μM for chloroquine. In human lymphocytes, enhanced proliferation was not detected for DHF unlike for HF. Combined achievable plasma concentrations of HF and DHF may sometimes be in the range where reduced lymphocyte proliferation occurs in vitro when based on simple additive dynamics. It remains to be confirmed if malarial treatment with HF leads to reduced T-cell responsiveness to antigenic challenges since HF and DHF persist for several days.
Zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3 and fertilization in mammals

An early step in mammalian fertilization is species-restricted binding of sperm to the egg's zona pellucida (ZP), a thick extracellular coat that surrounds eggs. Sperm bind to the ZP of unfertilized eggs, but not to the ZP of fertilized eggs. Shortly after binding to the unfertilized egg ZP, sperm undergo the acrosome reaction, a form of cellular exocytosis that enables sperm to penetrate the ZP. Three glycoproteins, mZP1-3, constitute the mouse egg's ZP and participate in the process of fertilization. For example, sperm exposed to unfertilized egg mZP3 at nanomolar concentrations are inhibited from binding to eggs and undergo the acrosome reaction. Neither mZP1 nor mZP2 has an effect on sperm binding or the acrosome reaction. Furthermore, mZP3 from fertilized eggs has no effect on sperm binding and is unable to induce the acrosome reaction. These and other properties of mZP3 suggest that it is a receptor for sperm and inducer of the acrosome reaction. Mapping of the mZP3 combining-site for sperm suggests that it is located near the C-terminus of the polypeptide, just downstream of the ZP domain, in a region encoded by exon-7 of the mZP3 gene. This region of mZP3 is a site of positive Darwinian selection. When mZP3 exon-7 is fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG and sperm exposed to the chimeric protein, sperm are inhibited from binding to eggs. However, the chimeric protein does not induce the acrosome reaction. Therefore, polypeptide encoded by mZP3 exon-7 is necessary and sufficient for binding of mouse sperm.
Rapid sampling of organic matter in flooded soils and sediments

A coring system using a compressed air supply and a sediment shaking procedure using a soil dispersant are described which greatly simplify and shorten the task of macro-organic matter or root/rhizome separation from marsh soils. The methodology results in low contamination of organic matter with residual soil and does not alter tissue mineral concentrations.
Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase.

: Tyrosine hydroxylase purified from rat pheochro-mocytoma was phosphorylated and activated by purified cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase as well as by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. The extent of activation was correlated with the degree of phosphate incorporated into the enzyme. Comparable stoichio-metric ratios (0.6 mol phosphate/mol tyrosine hydroxylase subunit) were obtained at maximal concentrations of either cyclic AMP-dependent or cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases. The enzymes appeared to mediate the phosphorylation of the same residue based on the observation that incorporation was not increased when both enzymes were present. The major tryptic phosphopeptide obtained from tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylated by each protein kinase exhibited an identical retention time following HPLC. The purified phosphopeptides also exhibited identical isoelectric points. These data provide support for the notion that the protein kinases are phosphorylating the same residue of tyrosine hydroxylase.
The presence of microvilli and other membrane fragments in the non-fat phase of bovine milk.

An electron microscopic study of a lipoprotein fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation from skim milk has shown that it is composed of membrane. It is believed that the majority of this membrane arises from shed microvilli. The microvilli may be derived from excess Golgi membrane which accumulates as plasma membrane during the secretion of milk proteins from the mammary cell. These findings indicate that milk may serve as a physiological source of easily isolated membrane.
Soluble renormalization groups and scaling fields for low-dimensional Ising systems

Abstract A variety of one-dimensional Ising spin systems, including staggered and parallel magnetic fields, alternating and second neighbor interactions, four-spin coupling, etc., are discussed in terms of renormalization group theory. A continuous range of distinct renormalization groups is constructed in exact closed form, analyzed in detail, and compared with exactly calculated thermodynamic properties. Fixed point linearization yields relevant, irrelevant, and marginal operators. All groups yield identical “critical” behavior (at T = 0) with η = 1, δ = ∞, γ = ν = 2 − α, and with identical linear scaling fields. A generalization of Wegner's analysis to discrete groups yields explicit power series for the nonlinear scaling fields; these are seen to depend on the particular renormalization group and, hence, are physically nonunique. A planar, multiconnected “truncated tetrahedron” model of effective dimensionality log2 3 is analyzed via a dedecoration and star-triangle group revealing highly singular behavior as T → Tc = 0.
Urachal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with ALK gene rearrangement: a study of urachal remnants

Abstract Objectives Abnormalities of the urachus are rare among children and include a patent tract and cyst formation. These structures can also be affected by infection and abscess development. They are usually diagnosed during infancy and treated by surgical resection. Involvement of this remnant by either benign or malignant tumors is very infrequent. A few cases of mesenchymal tumors, such as desmoid tumor and leiomyoma, involving the urachus have been described in published reports. Methods We studied an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor arising from the urachus in a 10-year-old boy. In addition, we reviewed 101 cases of urachal remnants retrieved from the surgical pathology and autopsy files in the Department of Pathology at the Children's Hospital Boston diagnosed in the past 82 years. Results The urachal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor showed anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) rearrangement by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. No other neoplasms were diagnosed in the analyzed population. Conclusions We describe an example of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor involving the urachus. Involvement of the urachus by tumors is rare, but these should be considered in the differential diagnosis of urachal lesions.
Radiological safety at Argonne national laboratory's heavy ion research facility

Abstract This paper discusses the radiological safety system to be employed at the Argonne tandem—linac accelerator system (ATLAS). The design parameters of ATLAS that affect safety have remained unchanged since ATLAS construction began in 1982. The specialized radiological safety considerations of ATLAS were discussed in 1982 [1]. This paper will present the details of the hardware, the administrative controls, and the radiation monitoring that will be in effect when beam is produced in April 1985. The experimental hall utilizing the maximum energy beam ( ∼ 27 MeV per nucleon) from the completed ATLAS has been partitioned with shielding blocks into its final configuration. Because scientists want access to some of the partitioned-off areas while beam is present in other areas, an interlock and logic system allowing such occupancy has been designed. The rationale and hardware of the system will be discussed. Since one of the potential radiation hazards is high-energy forward-directed neutrons from any location where the beam impinges (such as collimators, bending and focussing systems, experimental targets, and beam stops), radiation surveys and hazard assessments are necessary for the administrative controls that allow occupancy of various areas. Because of the various uses of ATLAS, neutrons (the dominant beam hazard) will be non-existent in some experiments and will be of energies ≳ 10 MeV for a few experiments. These conditions may exist at specific locations during beam preparation but may change rapidly when beam is finally delivered to an experimental area. Monitoring and assessing such time varying and geographically changing hazards will be a challenge since little data will be available on source terms until various beams are produced of sufficient intensity and energy to make measurements. How the operating division for ATLAS and the Argonne safety division are addressing this aspect through administrative controls will also be discussed.
Inheritance and Sub-unit Composition of Haemoglobin in the Horse, Donkey and their Hybrids

INVESTIGATIONS of mammalian haemoglobins have given much biological information1–3, but although notable advances, particularly in human haemoglobins, have been made, many aspects of the subject remain obscure or hypothetical. The genetics of haemoglobin is particularly in need of clarification. Valuable genetic information has been acquired from the use of model hybrid systems4,5, and the findings complement information laboriously obtained from investigation of occasionally suitable human families. We have investigated the pattern of inheritance of haemoglobins in the Equidae and their interspecific hybrids, in which the karyotypes of the individual species have been well defined6, by electrophoresis, pep tide mapping, and separation of globin sub-units.
An Integrated Analytic Pipeline for Identifying and Predicting Genetic Interactions based on Perturbation Data from High Content Double RNAi Screening

In this paper, we describe an integrated data analysis pipeline for identifying and predicting genetic interactions based on cellular responses to perturbations of single- and multiple-agents. This pipeline was developed in the context of genome wide single-RNAi screens and smaller scale double-RNAi screens using Drosophila KC-167 cell lines, with the aim to reconstruct the molecular pathways regulating changes in cell shape. The TACC (Texas Advanced Computing Center) under XSEDE framework allocated 100,000 service unites (SUs) from its Stampede system to facilitate image quantification and signaling pathway modeling using fluorescence images of Drosophila cells, and recently a kinome-wide single RNAi screening has been reported [1].
Abstract 1532: Small-molecule Stat3 inhibitor sensitizes Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells to Cisplatin-induced apoptosis

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Ovarian Cancer causes the highest number of gynecologic neoplasm related deaths in the United States. The disease and its progression to drug resistance remain poorly understood. While the aberrant activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) 3 protein is prevalent in ovarian cancer and is detected in chemotherapy resistance, its exact role in the development and maintenance of the drug resistance phenotype remains poorly understood. We sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which constitutive Stat3 activity may support Cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Compared to the sensitive A2780S ovarian cancer line, which does not harbor aberrant Stat3 activity, the SKOV3 line harboring constitutively-active Stat3 was partially sensitive to Cisplatin and showed evidence of moderate apoptosis in response to Cisplatin treatment. Compared to the sensitive A2780S cells, the partly-resistant, SKOV3 cells over-express c-Myc, Survivin, and Bcl-xL, and the XIAP anti-apoptotic factor, as well as VEGF pro-angiogenic factor and the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9. The inhibition of constitutively-active Stat3 in SKOV3 cells by the small-molecule inhibitor, S3I-201 suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic and the pro-angiogenic factors, and induced moderate degree of apoptosis. Significantly, treatment with S3I-201 enhanced the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to Cisplatin. Furthermore, the combined treatment of SKOV3 cells with Cisplatin and S3I-201 strongly inhibited colony formation and cell migration in vitro. Our study together identifies potential mechanisms by which aberrant Stat3 activity might support Cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, raising the potential that the combination therapy with Stat3 inhibitors would be effective therapeutic and chemo-sensitizing modalities for ovarian cancer and the recurrent disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1532. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1532
Language, play, and attention at one year☆

Abstract Relations among language production, language comprehension, play competence, and attention span were examined in 43 13-month-old toddlers. Flexible language production and flexible language comprehension covaried, and play competence covaried with flexible language comprehension and with attention span. In contrast, neither language production nor language comprehension related positively to attention span. Relations between production and comprehension, between comprehension and play, and between play and attention were maintained even when concurrent level of maternal stimulation was partialled, suggesting that these associations are not solely mediated by mothers' didactics. Structural equation modeling showed that the common variance underlying language comprehension and play competence differed from variance underlying play competence and attention span. This suggests that a play-language factor and a play-attention factor reflect different underlying mental capacities in the young child, and that play can be partitioned into at least two independent components.
Russia's space program: continued turmoil

Abstract This article examines recent difficulties in the Russian space program through the analytic lens of the Russian political and economic reform effort. It argues that Russia’s problems go beyond a lack of financing. Instead, lack of investment and ‘brain drain’ have caused deep infrastructural problems which would take years of restored funding and political priority to fix. Russia’s continued activity in space stems almost solely from inertia left over from the Soviet period, and from funding provided by foreign partners anxious to exploit the cheap, sturdy elements of that Soviet legacy.
Particle morphology in artificial composite polymer latex systems

Artificial composite latex particles were prepared by direct emulsification of a toluene solution of a blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The morphology of the composite particles from the higher molecular weight polymers showed polystyrene particles partially encapsulated by PMMA on the surface. On the other hand, for the lower molecular weight polymers, the reverse morphology was observed. The morphologies of the artificial composite latex particles swollen with solvent were examined when kept under agitation. The degree of phase separation between the two polymers in the composite particles was found to be affected by agitation to different extent, depending on the viscosity of polymer phases, the interfacial tension, and degree of mixing at interface between the two polymers. Extended agitation of the composite latex particles of high molecular weight polymers resulted in mixed morphologies that included individual PS and PMMA particles along with the original morphology of the composite particles. On the other hand, composite latex particles with the lower molecular weight polymers resisted complete phase separation due to lower interfacial tension and better mixing at the interface between the two polymers.
Acadian transpression and the exhumation of the sillimanite-bearing Passagassawakeag terrane along the Liberty-Orrington Fault, coastal Maine

New detailed mapping in central coastal Maine shows the existence of a dextral strike-slip myIonitic shear zone, 250-500m thick, separating the sillimanite-grade Passagassawakeag terrane and the chlorite-grade Bucksport Formation of the Fredericton Trough. Foliation within the shear zone is near-vertical, with near-horizontal stretching lineations and pervasive dextral sense-of-shear indicators. Followed eastward, this northeast-striking terrane boundary turns north. A thin unit of alternating layers of quartz and gamet + biotite + magnetite, previously interpreted as the stratigraphic Rider Bluff unit, lies along this north-south striking (eastern) part of the Passagassawakeag-Bucksport boundary. Petrographic analysis demonstrates that the layering in this unit is a tectonic fabric, and the entire unit is interpreted as consisting of mytonites formed along a transpressional thrust, now overturned, along which the Passagassawakeag terrane was exhumed. If this is the case, the Liberty-Orrington shear zone may represent part of an orogen-scale dextral shear zone, continuous with the Penobscot Bay and Norumbega fault zones, through the Acadian orogeny. RESUME De nouveaux travaux de cartographie deailles du centre du littoral du Maine revelent l'existence d'une zone cisaillee mylonitique a decrochement dextre de 250 a 500 metres d'epaisseur separant le terrane a sillimanite de Passagassawakeag et la Formation a chlorite de Bucksport de la depression de Fredericton. La zone cisaillee presente une schistosite presque verticale avec des lineations quasi-horizontales qui s'etirent ct des indicaieurs d'une orientation dextre penetrante du cisaillement. Vers l’est, la limite de ce terrane oriente vers Ie nord-est toume vers le nord. Une unite mince de strates altemantes de quartz et de grenai + biotite + magnetite, auparavant interpretee comme l’unitee stratigraphique de Rider Bluff, longe cette partie (orientale) a orientation nord-sud de la ligne de demarcation entrc Passagassawakeag et Bucksport. Une analyse petrogrmphique revele que la stratification a I'tnterieur de cette unite est de fabrique tectontque; on interprete I'ensemble de I'unite comme une unite constituee de mylonites s'etani formee Ie long d'un chevauchement transprcssionnel. maintenant renverse, le long duqucl Ic terrane de Passagassawakeag a ete exhume. Si c'est bien le cas la zone de cisaillement de Liberty-Orrington pourrait representer une partic d'une zone de cisaillement dextre orogenique maintenant une continuite avec les zones faillees de la baie de Penobscot et de Norumbega pendant I'orogenese acadienne. Traduit par la redaction
Towards the attacker's view of protocol narrations (or, how to compile security protocols)

As protocol narrations are widely used to describe security protocols, efforts have been made to formalize or devise semantics for them. An important, but largely neglected, question is whether or not the formalism faithfully accounts for the attacker's view. Several attempts have been made in the literature to recover the attacker's view. They, however, are rather restricted in scope and quite complex. This greatly impedes the ability of protocol verification tools to detect intricate attacks.In this paper, we establish a faithful view of the attacker based on rigorous, yet intuitive, interpretations of exchanged messages. This gives us a new way to look at attacks and protocol implementations. Specifically, we identify two types of attacks that can be thawed through adjusting the protocol implementation; and show that such an ideal implementation does not always exist. Overall, the obtained attacker's view provides a path to more secure protocol designs and implementations.
Pass the Globe: Teaching Bootstrapping Without Using a Computer

Summary While bootstrapping is a computationally intensive procedure, teaching about the concept does not necessarily require any more technology than a simple calculator. This article describes an interactive teaching approach for introducing bootstrapping without using a statistics program or a computer.
Designing / Building / Learning

Abstract Design-build has been receiving much attention from both the profession and academia in recent years. However, there seems to be many differences in the way that the term is interpreted and applied. This paper reflects upon the results of a conference entitled “Designing/Building/Learning” that sought to explore the issues surrounding this topic through paper sessions, workshops, keynote addresses, and panel discussions. Hands-on approaches to pedagogy in the form of full-scale construction exercises have emerged in schools across the country, but these activities continue to resist theorizing. The Designing/Building/Learning Conference demonstrates this resistance, as well as the compelling role of design-build in education.
β‐sheet folding of 11‐kDa fibrillogenic polypeptide is completely aggregation driven

A de novo polypeptide GH6[(GA)3GY(GA)3GE]8GAH6 (YE8) was designed and genetically engineered to form antiparallel β-strands of GAGAGA repeats. Modulation of pH enables control of solubility, folding, and aggregation of YE8 by control of the overall polypeptide charge, a consequence of the protonation or deprotonation of the glutamic acid and histidine residues. YE8 exhibits all the major properties of a fibrillogenic protein providing an excellent model for detailed study of the fibrillation. At neutral pH, YE8 is soluble in disordered form, yet at pH 3.5 folds into a predominantly β-sheet conformation that is fibrillogenic. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated the formation of fibrillar aggregates on well-defined, hydrophobic surfaces. The β-sheet folding of YE8 exhibited a lag phase that could be eliminated by seeding or stirring. The strong dependence of lag time on polypeptide concentration established the limiting step in aggregation as initiation of β-sheet folding. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 261–264, 2007. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Sulphite oxidase from pacific hake (Merluccius productus)

Sulfitoxidase, ein Hamoprotein, wurde aus der Leber des FischesMerluccius productus isoliert. Das Enzym katalysiert die Oxydation von Sulfit zu Sulfat, wobei Ferricytochrom c oder Ferricyanid als Elektronenakzeptor dienen konnen. Das Enzym zeigt ein Aktivitatsmaximum bei pH 8,7; Km fur Sulfitsubstrat betragt 0,15 mM. 50% Aktivitatshemmung durch 0,35 mM Mercurichlorid, bzw. 0,40 mM Kadmiumchlorid.
Search for superconductivity in pure Au below 1 mK

Abstract An experiment is reported in which a polycrystalline sample of 99.9999% Au was cooled to 0.22 mK in a residual magnetic field of 0.32 mG. No superconductivity was seen.
STRATEGIES IN RESPONDING TO THE NEW TOEFL READING TASKS

This study describes the reading and test-taking strategies that test takers used in the Reading section of the LanguEdge courseware (ETS, 2002a). These materials were developed to familiarize prospective respondents with the new TOEFL®. The investigation focused on strategies used to respond to more traditional single selection multiple-choice formats (i.e., Basic Comprehension and Inferencing questions) and the new selected-response (multiple selection, drag and drop) Reading to Learn items. The latter were designed to simulate the academic task of forming a comprehensive and coherent representation of an entire text, rather than focusing on discrete points in the text. Verbal report data were collected from 32 students, representing four language groups (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Other) doing the Reading section tasks from the LanguEdge courseware materials. Students were randomly assigned to two of the six reading subtests, each consisting of a 600–700 word text with 12–13 items. Subjects' verbal report accompanying items representing each of the ten item types was evaluated to determine strategy use. The findings provide insights into the response behaviors prompted by the reading tasks on the new TOEFL.
Rituals of Reform, Policy Transfer, and the National University Corporation Reforms of Japan

In 2004, Japan restructured the state-directed public university system to create the national university corporations (NUCs). Proponents of the reforms made explicit mention of agentification in the United Kingdom, changes to university management structures elsewhere, and reforms in the wider Japanese public sector. As such, the NUC reforms are an example of policy transfer. Despite rhetoric to the contrary, however, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has not surrendered the large degree of control it had manifested over the university system. Rather the means of control have changed from largely direct ones to largely indirect ones. Policy transfer provided a means by which MEXT could legitimate its policy stance by referring to developments elsewhere, show it was responding to pressure for reform by adopting its rhetoric and superficial forms, but use this to capture the policy agenda to its own ends.
Leveraging Narrative Interactivity to Foster Computer Science Identities

There is growing recognition in the computer science education research community that supporting students in identity formation for computer science is an essential step toward broadening participation in computing. Because students begin establishing their career aspiration identity at an early age, research into computing identity formation in K-8 education is particularly important. Research suggests that narrative-centered learning environments hold great promise for fostering identity formation. My proposed dissertation research focuses on bringing narrative-centered learning environment technology to bear on supporting computer science learners in middle school. I am particularly interested in how we can make these learning environments more equitable for all learners, especially for underrepresented students.
Crystalline Milk-Clotting Protease from Mucor Miehei and Some of its Properties

Abstract A milk-clotting protease has been separated in crystalline form from filtrates of Mucor miehei . It is the major proteolytic component produced by the microorganism, and has a molecular weight of 34,000 to 39,000. Determination of amino acid composition indicates: Asp 42 , Thr 18 , Ser 25 , Glu 15 , Ala 22 , Val 16 , ½(Cys) 4 , Met 5 , Ileu 11 , Leu 14 , Tyr 13 , Phen 14 , Orn 1 , Lys 8 , His 2 , Arg 4 , Try 3 (NH 3 ) 39 . The pH optima for proteolysis of hemoglobin, casein and bovine serum albumin classify the enzyme as an acid protease. The enzyme is most stable at acid pH. The effects of inhibitors indicate that this clotting enzyme is not metal dependent and does not have serine or SH active groups. Aluminum sulfate has a peculiar depressing action on clotting activity, and study of the mechanism has pointed out similarities between this M. miehei enzyme and calf rennin.
Differential dynamic behavior of actin filaments containing tightly-bound Ca2+ or Mg2+ in the presence of myosin heads actively hydrolyzing ATP.

We have investigated how Ca2+ or Mg2+ bound at the high-affinity cation binding site in F-actin modulates the dynamic response of these filaments to ATP hydrolysis by attached myosin head fragments (S1). Rotational motions of the filaments were monitored using steady-state phosphorescence emission anisotropy of the triplet probe erythrosin-5-iodoacetamide covalently attached to cysteine 374 of actin. The anisotropy of filaments containing only Ca2+ increased from 0.080 to 0.137 upon binding S1 in a rigor complex and decreased to 0.065 in the presence of ATP, indicating that S1 induced additional rotational motions in the filament during ATP hydrolysis. The comparable anisotropy values for Mg2+-containing filaments were 0.067, 0.137, and 0.065, indicating that S1 hydrolysis did not induce measurable rotational motions in these filaments. Phalloidin, a fungal toxin which stabilizes F-actin and increases its rigidity, increased the anisotropy of F-actin containing either Ca2+ or Mg2+ but not the anisotropy o...
Novel parallel method for mining frequent patterns on multi-core shared memory systems

Frequent pattern mining is an important problem in data mining with many practical applications. Current parallel methods for mining frequent patterns unstably perform for different database types and under-utilize the benefits of multi-core shared memory machines. We present ShaFEM, a novel parallel frequent pattern mining method, to address these issues. Our method can dynamically adapt to the data characteristics to efficiently perform on both sparse and dense databases. Its parallel mining lock free approach minimizes the synchronization needs and maximizes the data independence to enhance the scalability. Its structure lends itself well for dynamic job scheduling resulting in well-balanced load on new multi-core shared memory architectures. We evaluate ShaFEM on a 12-core multi-socket server and find that our method runs 2.1--5.8 times faster than the state-of-the-art parallel method. For some test cases, we have shown that ShaFEM saves 4.9 days and 12.8 hours of execution time over the compared method.
Management of hypertension in pregnancy.

This report updates the 1990 National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group Report on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy and focuses on classification, pathophysiology, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Using evidence-based medicine and consensus, this report updates contemporary approaches to hypertension control during pregnancy by expanding on recommendations made in the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). The recommendations to use K5 for determining diastolic pressure and to eliminate edema as a criterion for diagnosing pre-eclampsia are discussed. In addition, the use of blood pressure increases of 30 mm Hg systolic or 15 mm Hg diastolic as a diagnostic criterion has not been recommended, as available evidence shows that women in this group are not likely to suffer increased adverse outcomes. Management considerations are made between chronic hypertension that is present before pregnancy and those occurring as part of the pregnancy-specific condition preeclampsia, as well as management considerations in women with comorbid conditions. A discussion of the pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in pregnancy includes recommendations for specific agents. The use of low-dose aspirin, calcium, or other dietary supplements in the prevention of pre-eclampsia is described, and expanded sections on counseling women for future pregnancies and recommendations for future research are included. Once again we thank Dr. Ray Gifford, Jr., and his committee for volunteering their time to produce this important report. We hope it helps the busy clinician prevent and manage a very important problem.
Quantitation of zidovudine triphosphate concentrations from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by anion exchange solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy; an indirect quantitation methodology

To facilitate the assessment of drug safety and determination of phamacokinetics, an anion exchange isolation of zidovudine triphosphate (ZDV-TP) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC), coupled with dephosphorylation, desaltation, and detection by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS-MS) was validated. hPBMCs were harvested from whole blood, lysed, and a suspension of intracellular ZDV-TP was produced. ZDV-TP was isolated from ZDV, ZDV-monophosphate (ZDV-MP), and ZDV-diphosphate (ZDV-DP), which were all present in the cell lysate, by performing a salt gradient anion exchange SPE. Isolated ZDV-TP was dephosphorylated with acid phosphatase to its parent drug form, ZDV. ZDV was then desalted and concentrated for tandem mass spectral detection. An LC-MS-MS methodology was developed and validated for the determination of molar ZDV directly corresponding to the intra-hPBMC molar ZDV-TP concentration. ZDV-TP concentrations were determined in femtomoles per million hPBMCs (fmol/10(6)cells). The assay was able to determine ZDV-TP concentrations accurately and precisely within the range of 5-640 fmol/10(6)cells with 10 million cells per sample analyzed. Inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision data for back calculated standards and quality controls fell within 15% of nominal. The assay correlated well with a previous ELISA method developed and validated in our laboratory, and has been successfully used to quantitate ZDV-TP concentrations in patients being routinely monitored and treated with ZDV.
Comparative Feeding Preference and Food Intake and Utilization by the Cabbage Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Three Legume Species

Preference among, and relative consumption and use of several legumes by third instars of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were studied under laboratory conditions. Leaf disks of the relatively insect-resistant `PI 227687' and insect-susceptible `Davis' soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill; and of snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; and `Henderson's Bush' lima bean, P. lunatus L. were preferred to sucrosetreated elderberry-pith disks; thus, the phagoexcitant effects of primary and secondary substances from the leaves of all plants exceeded those of sucrosealone. Leaf disksof `PI 227687' were significantly less preferred than those of `Davis' soybean and lima bean. Consumption and utilization of `Henderson's Bush' lima bean and `Davis' soybean leaves were most efficient, and of `PI 227687' soybean leaves were least efficient. A lower rate of food intake on snap bean was associated with a higher efficiency of conversion of ingested food into body matter. Efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) into body matter was significantly and positively associated with the growth rate (GR) of larvae on the most suitable host plant, lima bean, but was negatively associated in larvae on `PI 227687', the least suitable host. The relatively high consumption index (CI) on `PI 227687' indicated significant antibiotic effects from secondary substances in `PI 227687'. Relative preference observed in leaf disk assays was not reflected in host-plant suitability based on consumption and utilization of foods. To understand better the insect-plant interrelationships, both insect preference for, and consumption and utilization as food should be studied.
Long-term storable and shippable lipid bilayer membrane platform

The fragility and short lifetimes characteristic of conventionally formed lipid bilayer membranes has necessitated their preparation to be at the time and point of use. By using high freezing-point lipid–solvent mixtures, the process of lipid bilayer self-assembly may be reversibly arrested. In solid form, the bilayer precursor can be stored indefinitely and is sufficiently robust to withstand commercial shipping. Upon thawing, bilayer self-assembly resumes, resulting in a biologically functional membrane. Combination of this membrane precursor with an inexpensive chip results in a compact, practical, and disposable platform for ion channel measurements.
Toward increased utilization of historical hurricane chronologies

[1] The record of past tropical cyclones provides an important means to evaluate the hurricane hazard. Historical chronologies are a source of information about tropical cyclones prior to the modern era. Chenoweth (2006) describes an archive of 383 tropical cyclones occurring during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, largely before the official hurricane record. The present study demonstrates a novel way this archive can be used to articulate historical tropical cyclone activity across space. First, an event in the archive is assigned a series of latitude/longitude coordinates approximating the descriptive locations of the cyclone's affect. Second, tropical cyclones from the modern record that approach these locations (modern analogs) are mapped. Third, a probable pathway and a realistic track of the archived event is created by averaging the modern analog tracks. As an example, the procedure is used to generate a map showing the tracks of the Atlantic tropical cyclones of 1766. Sensitivity of the methodology to changes in event location and event timing are considered. The study shows that historical hurricane chronologies when combined with a history of cyclone tracks can provide useful information about the older events that is not directly related to where the original information was gathered. When this information is available for all cyclones it should help climatologists better understand long-term variations in tropical cyclone activity.