cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 14C release characteristics in Korean standard pressurized water reactor

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluation of the characteristics of organic and inorganic 14 C, which is purged to the environment via purge line of each building in Korean standard reactor. 14 C has a half-life of 5730 years and emits pure beta rays. 14 C is a radioactive element that is easily transferred to the environment and has considerable environmental biological effects. According to recent research, organic 14 C compounds are produced in reactor coolants via deoxidizing pathways. However, in oxidizing conditions, 14 C changes to an oxidized carbon form and finally to 14 CO 2 . The radioactivity in purge lines and the purged quantity of organic and inorganic 14 C in each building at Yonggwang #5unit were measured and evaluated during the three-year period from 2006 to 2008. During normal operation the annual purge quantity is about 100 GBq/GWe-yr, lower than the annual purge quantity in European pressurized water reactors. During normal operation inorganic 14 C shows a higher purge rate than organic 14 C in the purge line. During the outage period, the purge of 14 C shows a slightly higher rate than the purge rate in normal operation. In Korean standard reactors the portion of 14 C in inorganic chemical form is higher than those in foreign nuclear power plants, and this is attributable to operation characteristics such as volume control tank purge operation during normal operation. From the evaluation of the purge quantity through the purge line, it was found that considerable 14 C was purged to the environment via the fuel handling building. This evaluation study will provide useful information for establishing radiocarbon ( 14 C) control policy and for purge management.
Validation of the effective-medium approximation for the dielectric permittivity of oriented nanoparticle-filled materials: effective permittivity for dielectric nanoparticles in multilayer photonic composites

A formula for the effective permittivity for two-dimensional particles embedded in a host matrix is derived and a method for its numerical evaluation is described. The method is applied to specific cases of circular, square, rectangular and triangular particles. Shapes are assumed for the inclusion particles. Data for obtaining the effective permittivity is provided for a wide range of filling fractions, geometries and dielectric contrasts between the particles and the matrix under the assumption of the quasi-static approximation, that is, the wavelength of the electric field is assumed to be much larger than the particle size. Metallic particles with complex and frequency-dependent dielectric constants are treated, as well as no-loss dielectric inclusions. Calculations are validated by comparing the results of the reflectivity obtained for a composite layer using the transfer-matrix method, assuming the layer to be an effective medium, to those using the finite-element method and accounting for the heterogeneous material.
Erratum to: Symplectic Dolbeault operators on Kähler manifolds

Such a structure on G/T turns it into what is called a “Kahler with torsion (KT)” manifold. The general results and constructions established in the previous sections carry over unchanged to KT manifolds except for Proposition 3 which states that the symplectic Dirac operators D and D are formally self-adjoint. For connections with torsion and parallel complex structure, a sufficient condition for D and D to be self-adjoint is the vanishing of the torsion vector field, defined by
Feasibility of EASE: a psychosocial program to improve symptom management in head and neck cancer patients

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients experience multiple physical and psychosocial symptoms associated with their cancer treatment. The Easing and Alleviating Symptoms during Treatment (EASE) study utilized a mixed methods design to examine the feasibility of a tailored telephone-based coping and stress management intervention to improve symptom management and psychosocial care among HNC patients. An Embedded Correlational Mixed Methods Design was utilized to answer two research questions: (1) is the EASE intervention feasible? and (2) Did EASE participants report improvements in psychosocial outcomes after completion of the EASE intervention? HNC patients were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Psychosocial measures included cancer-specific distress, pain, social support, and quality of life. Project records and exit interviews were conducted to assess acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. The mean age of the participants was 60 years (SD = 9.5), 76 % were male, 47 % married/partnered, and 57 % had a history of tobacco use. Of the 24 participants who were enrolled, 16 completed the intervention. Participants and telephone counselors reported high levels of satisfaction. Although the small sample size and lack of a control group limit our ability to assess the efficacy of the intervention, our findings suggest that the intervention helped to buffer the negative emotional and physical impact of cancer treatment. This pilot study demonstrated that the EASE intervention is feasible and acceptable to HNC cancer patients undergoing treatment. The study findings revealed some challenges of implementing a psychosocial intervention in HNC patients and inform future intervention studies with this population.
Model-to-SAR image registration

Model-based image understanding applications such as model supported exploitation require accurate model-to-image registration. Manual photogrammetric control of imagery is currently a time consuming process. For areas which are exploited repeatedly, a database of control features can be built and automatically registered to new images of the scene. To minimize the effort involved in creating the registration control feature database, it is highly desirable to use the same features on images of all sensor types (EO, IR, and SAR). This paper discusses the registration of features constructed on EO imagery to SAR imagery.
Anger at unfairness: is it moral outrage?

Anger at unfair treatment has been called moral outrage. However, moral outrage—anger at the violation of a moral standard—should be distinguished from personal anger at being harmed and empathic anger at seeing another for whom one cares harmed. Across a preliminary experiment and a main experiment, both designed to manipulate the appraisal conditions for these three forms of anger, we found evidence of personal anger and empathic anger, but little evidence of moral outrage. Participants perceived unfair treatment of another, even another for whom they had not been induced to feel empathy, to be as unfair as participants perceived unfair treatment of themselves. But the appraisal conditions that evoked anger were unfair treatment of self and unfair treatment of a cared-for other, not unfairness per se. In the absence of empathic concern, unfair treatment of another evoked little anger. Possible implications for understanding moral emotion and moral motivation are suggested. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunohistochemical Staining for CA-125 in Fallopian Tube Carcinomas

From 1981-1991, 15 patients with primary fallopian tube carcinomas were treated at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. Immunohistochemical staining for CA-125 was performed on tumor specimens from all cases. Thirteen tumors (87%) stained positively for CA-125. Antigen staining was most intense in the apical portions of carcinoma cells. Serum CA-125 levels were measured in 5 patients and were elevated in 4 (80%). There was a positive correlation between tumor and serum antigen expression in these cases. Serum CA-125 levels accurately reflected disease status in the patients studied. These data suggest that CA-125 is a useful marker in patients with fallopian tube carcinoma. Immunohistochemical localization of CA-125 in tumor tissue should predict which patients will benefit most from serial antigen determinations.
Evidence for an amino acid transport system in nuclei isolated from embryonic heart.

Nuclei isolated from embryonic myocardium of the chick possess an ATP phosphohydrolase and are capable of accumulating amino acid in a diffusible form in large excess of environmental levels. The enzyme is of relatively high specific activity and shows preference for ATP compared to other possible substrates. Properties common to both the enzyme and to net amino acid uptake are requirements for ATP, Mg++, Na+ or K+ and a critical level of Ca++. In the presence of Na+ or K+, both l- and d-forms of several amino acids will further stimulate ATP hydrolysis. The latter stimulation by α-alanine and the net uptake of this amino acid can both be completely inhibited by similar concentrations of ouabain, EGTA and excess Ca++. Ouabain has no effect on basic Mg++-activated ATP hydrolysis or that stimulated by the addition of Na+ or K+. It is concluded that these nuclei possess an ATP phosphohydrolase-linked transport system for α-alanine and probably for other amino acids. Implications of this transport system are discussed relative to the ultrastructure and compartmentalization of the cardiac cell.
Concentrations, sources, and losses of H2O, CO2, and S in Kilauean basalt

Basaltic glasses included in olivine phenocrysts from Kilauea volcano contain concentrations of H2O, CO2, and S similar to glassy Kilauean basalt dredged from the deep sea floor and greater than vesicular, subaerial Kilauean basalt. Our result contrasts with earlier reports that inclusions of basaltic glass in phenocrysts have little or no H2O and large ratios of CO2H2O. Our analysed inclusions of glass are larger than 100 micrometers thick and similar in chemical composition to the host glass surrounding the olivine crystals indicating that the trapped melts are representative of the bulk liquid from which the crystals grew. Crystallization of about 2–8% of olivine from the melts after they were trapped is indicated by slight departures from the experimentally established equilibrium distribution of Mg and Fe between olivine and liquid. The measured concentrations of CO2 correspond to phenocryst crystallization pressures of about 1.3 kbar for a subaerial basalt and about 5 kbar for a submarine basalt, consistent with geophysical models of Kilauea volcano. The compositions of volcanic gas predicted from our analyses are consistent with restored compositions of actual Kilauean gases. The rate of sulfur emission predicted from our analyses is greater than the sulfur dioxide emission rate observed during repose, but probably consistent with total degassing including eruptive episodes. The concentrations of H2O, K2O, Cl, and P in parental Kilauean basalt can be derived from upper mantle phlogopitic mica, pargasitic amphibole and apatite with compositions close to those of natural primary minerals in ultramafic xenoliths from continental kimberlites, or solely from apatite and phlogopitic mica with H2OK2O near 0.47 ± 0.03, slightly higher than the range of values reported. The amounts of phlogopitic mica and pargasitic amphibole contributing volatiles to Kilauean tholeiite is about 10 percent by mass of the parental liquid, or about 5% if the source does not include amphibole. In view of an estimated 20% of partial melting of mantle source rock to produce Kilauean tholeiites, there may be about 2 weight percent of mica plus amphibole in part of the mantle beneath Kilauea, or about 1 weight percent of phlogopitic mica if amphibole is absent.
A flexible IBM system for collating EEG and clinical data

Abstract A flexible IBM system for use in coding and sorting EEG and clinical data is presented. This system uses standard equipment and techniques by means of which a large amount of EEG and clinical data is rapidly and easily coded. Large quantities of cards can be automatically sorted according to any single category or combination of categories, with the final information automatically typed out, or reanalyzed for specific interrelationships. We believe this system, which is of demonstrated value for clinical and research purposes, will prove a valuable tool for other workers in this field. It may also furnish one of the means through which several EEG departments could pool their efforts in undertaking large, complex problems.
Art and Architecture: A Place Between

Art and Architecture: A Place Between By Jane Rendell I.B. Tauris, 2006 ISBN 978 1 84511 222 6 £18.99, Paperback, pp. 240, with illustrations I must begin this review with a confession: I am ashame...
Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids considering variable properties

Abstract Turbulent flow and heat transfer of three different nanofluids (CuO, Al2O3 and SiO2) in an ethylene glycol and water mixture flowing through a circular tube under constant heat flux condition have been numerically analyzed. New correlations for viscosity up to 10% volume concentration for these nanofluids as a function of volume concentration and temperature are developed from the experiments and are summarized in the present paper. In our numerical study, all the thermophysical properties of nanofluids are temperature dependent. Computed results are validated with existing well established correlations. Nusselt number prediction for nanofluids agrees well with Gnielinski correlation. It is found that nanofluids containing smaller diameter nanoparticles have higher viscosity and Nusselt number. Comparison of convective heat transfer coefficient of CuO, Al2O3 and SiO2 nanofluids have been presented. At a constant Reynolds number, Nusselt number increases by 35% for 6% CuO nanofluids over the base fluid.
The Role of Supportive Messages and Distracting Thoughts on Everyday Problem-Solving Performance

Background/Study Context: An increasing number of studies have examined factors related to everyday problem-solving performance across adulthood. The current study examined the role of experimentally provided supportive messages intended to provide practical or emotional support on everyday problem-solving performance. Other factors such as participant age and distracting thoughts experienced during task completion were also investigated. Methods: Everyday problem-solving performance, verbal ability performance, inductive reasoning performance, and self-reports of distracting thoughts were obtained from 54 middle-aged and 48 older adults. Participants were also exposed to practically supportive messages, emotionally supportive messages, or no supportive messages prior to completing the everyday problem-solving task. Results: Exposure to emotionally supportive messages increased task performance and lowered levels of distracting thoughts. Distracting thoughts mediated the relation between exposure to emoti...
SPONGIFORM POLIOENCEPHALOMYELOPATHY CAUSED BY A MURINE RETROVIRUS. II. ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF VIRUS REPLICATION AND SPONGIFORM CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Swarz J.R., Brooks B.R. & Johnson R.T. (1981) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 7, 365–380 Spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a murine retrovirus. II. Ultrastructural localization of virus replication and spongiform changes in the central nervous system The development of murine retrovirus induced spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy was studied sequentially by electron microscopy. During the initial 30 days, viral infection of the central nervous system, as evidenced by viral budding from membranes, was limited to endothelial cells and pericytes. Viral particles were observed in the lumen of blood vessels, extracellular spaces and astrocytic endfeet surrounding blood vessels, but no morphological evidence of productive infection was found in astrocytes or neurons during early development of vacuolation. The earliest lesions in the neuropil consisted of swelling of astroglia followed by vacuolation, initially in axons and dendrites and later in neuronal and astrocytic soma, where vacuoles appeared to arise from dilated cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. Vacuoles contained only amorphous debris and fragments of membranes. Virions budding aberrantly into vacuoles were seen only in mice surviving beyond 35 days. Numerous reactive astrocytes were observed, but inflammatory cells were absent. The ultrastructural changes were remarkably similar to those described in scrapie, Kuru, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Review of epidemiologic studies of paternal occupational exposure and spontaneous abortion.

The question of whether paternal exposures influence risk of spontaneous abortion is of great public interest, with the possibility supported by laboratory investigations. Thirty-nine studies of male occupational exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion were examined, with the methods and results tabulated. Many of those reports were limited by exposure data based on maternal report of the father's job title or by potentially inaccurate paternal reports of spontaneous abortion, though the quality of more recent studies is markedly enhanced. Mercury has been implicated most strongly based on recent studies that included quantitative exposure estimates; a number of studies showing associations for exposure to anesthetic gases. Suggestive associations have also been found inconsistently for exposure to lead, rubber manufacturing, selected solvents, and some pesticides. Further study is encouraged, but with more intensive effort to measure accurately both spontaneous abortion and occupational exposures. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases myocardial infarct size in rats.

BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been epidemiologically linked to death from ischemic heart disease in nonsmokers. In this study, we evaluated the influence of 3 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks of ETS exposure on myocardial infarct size in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model. METHODS AND RESULTS Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to ETS (four Marlboro cigarettes per 15 minutes, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week) for 3 days (n = 24), 3 weeks (n = 21), or 6 weeks (n = 12) and control rats (n = 24, n = 21, and n = 12, respectively) were subjected to 35 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion. Infarct size and risk area were determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and phthalocyanine blue staining, respectively. Air nicotine, carbon monoxide, and total particulates were measured during ETS exposure. Serum lipids, plasma carbon monoxide hemoglobin (COHb), nicotine, and cotinine concentrations were measured in additional groups (6 to 13 rats each) exposed to 3 days, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks of ETS and controls. Average air nicotine, carbon monoxide, and total particulate concentrations were 1103 micrograms/m3, 92 ppm, and 60 mg/m3 for the ETS-exposed rats. Infarct size (infarct mass/risk area x 100%) increased significantly in the ETS groups compared with the control groups in a dose-dependent manner (P = .023), with longer exposure associated with larger infarct size. Infarct size nearly doubled with 6 weeks of ETS exposure (61 +/- 5% versus 34 +/- 3% for control, mean +/- SEM). Plasma COHb, nicotine, and cotinine levels increased significantly in the ETS groups in a dose-dependent manner (all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to passive smoking increases myocardial infarct size in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion. This increase of infarct size exhibited a dose-response relation. These results are consistent with epidemiological studies demonstrating that ETS increases the risk of heart death.
Osteoblastic metastases in small‐cell (OAT‐cell) carcinoma of the lung

Four of 20 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung demonstrated diffuse osteoblastic metastases throughout the axial skeleton, except for the skull, several months after having shown clinical benefit from systemic chemotherapy. This manifestation of small-cell carcinoma confirms the propensity of this carcinoma to disseminate to bone. Its occurrence may be related to alteration of host-tumor factors by effective therapy on previously established bone metastases. On the other hand, this phenomenon may reflect an inherent property of the tumor in a disease that is seldom associated with sufficiently prolonged survival required to develop visible x-ray changes.
Reconstructing the aqueous history within the southwestern Melas basin, Mars: Clues from stratigraphic and morphometric analyses of fans

Abstract New details of the aqueous history in the southwestern Melas Chasma elevated basin have been revealed from analysis of high-resolution image, topographic and spectral datasets. We have identified eleven fan-shaped landforms that reflect various depositional environments. A distinctive marker bed with inferred indurated aeolian bedforms is within the stratigraphic record of presumed lacustrine deposits. This observation, taken together with the stratigraphic succession of fan-shaped deposits indicates fluctuating lake levels with, at a minimum, early and late-stage lake highstands. Tributary drainage pattern in the western valley network changed from a dendritic to a meandering system, recording a shift in fluvial activity that is consistent with fluctuating lake levels. Only a few hydrated minerals have been detected in the study region, the most common being opal which appears to represent younger alteration and deposition within the basin. Landform scale was used to estimate average discharge (∼30 m 3 /s), formative discharge (200–300 m 3 /s), and fan formation timescale, which further inform the duration of lacustrine activity within the basin. Warm surface conditions and precipitation recharge of source basins is required to generate and sustain this long-lived lake over periods of at least centuries to millennia during the Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian.
Following Teaching of Psychology Into Middle Age: Changes, Contributors, and Contents

Honoring Teaching of Psychology (ToP) as it approaches its 40th anniversary, we extend prior overviews of its development and growth into 2012. We describe changes in editorial staff and journal or...
Flight Tests of Digital Data Transmission

A series of flights were made to measure the characteristics of air-to-ground digital transmission in the VHF aeronautical mobile frequency band. Digital transmission rates of 2400 and 4800 bit/s were used with minimum shift keying (MSK) as the baseband modulation format. Signal level, signal fading, and radio horizon characteristics are described. Bit error rates and the causes of the errors also are discussed.
Flight of the H-1b: Inter-Firm Mobility and Return Migration Patterns for Skilled Guest Workers

Critics of the H-1B program for high-skilled workers argue that the program restricts immigrant job mobility and lacks a vehicle for adjusting the number of visas during a recession. We study the job mobility of highly-skilled Indian IT guest workers and provide new evidence on their inter-firm mobility and return migration patterns.We use a unique multi-year firm level dataset to show that, outside of the Great Recession, these workers are mobile and that lower paid guest workers are more likely than higher paid guest workers to separate to another firm in the U.S. We also analyze return migration decisions and find that low wage workers repatriate more than high wage workers, and that this relationship intensified during the Great Recession. This partially mitigates concerns that guest worker visa programs do not adjust to fluctuations in the macro economy. Following this finding, we show that the employment to population ratio (EPOP) for highly-skilled male workers has fallen at a much steeper rate since 2008 than is typically recognized, once we account for the phenomenon of discouraged immigrants.
Dynamic mechanical response of elastic spherical inclusions to impulsive acoustic radiation force excitation

Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging has been used clinically to study the dynamic response of lesions relative to their background material to focused, impulsive acoustic radiation force excitations through the generation of dynamic displacement field images. Dynamic displacement data are typically displayed as a set of parametric images, including displacement immediately after excitation, maximum displacement, time to peak displacement, and recovery time from peak displacement. To date, however, no definitive trends have been established between these parametric images and the tissues' mechanical properties. This work demonstrates that displacement magnitude, time to peak displacement, and recovery time are all inversely related to the Young's modulus in homogeneous elastic media. Experimentally, pulse repetition frequency during displacement tracking limits stiffness resolution using the time to peak displacement parameter. The excitation pulse duration also impacts the time to peak parameter, with longer pulses reducing the inertial effects present during impulsive excitations. Material density affects tissue dynamics, but is not expected to play a significant role in biological tissues. The presence of an elastic spherical inclusion in the imaged medium significantly alters the tissue dynamics in response to impulsive, focused acoustic radiation force excitations. Times to peak displacement for excitations within and outside an elastic inclusion are still indicative of local material stiffness; however, recovery times are altered due to the reflection and transmission of shear waves at the inclusion boundaries. These shear wave interactions cause stiffer inclusions to appear to be displaced longer than the more compliant background material. The magnitude of shear waves reflected at elastic lesion boundaries is dependent on the stiffness contrast between the inclusion and the background material, and the stiffness and size of the inclusion dictate when shear wave reflections within the lesion will interfere with one another. Jitter and bias associated with the ultrasonic displacement tracking also impact the estimation of a tissue's dynamic response to acoustic radiation force excitation
Proposed method for controlling and minimizing reflections from a surface

This paper proposes a method whereby the reflection of an electromagnetic wave from a surface can be controlled. The idea is to use a p-n junction as the controlling device. The device is made in such a way that the junction is parallel to the surface upon which the electromagnetic radiation is impinging. If the p region is very narrow the wave will penetrate through it into the depletion region. If the n region is hi conductivity, the wave is reflected from it. Then if the depletion layer width is right for the frequency considered, the reflected wave will interact with the impinging wave to give the desired effect. By changing the bias applied to the junction a tuning effect can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the proposed device is covered in the paper. There are some practical limitations to creating the device described, but the idea and the method of analysis could be useful to individuals interested in creating microwave tuning and control components.
Using mechatronics to teach mechanical design and technical communication

It is commonly accepted that hands-on experiences increase both learning and enjoyment during coursework. Mechatronics projects provide both interesting and relevant hands-on experiences for a wide range of topics including design processes, basic mechatronics concepts, technical communication, and working in a group environment. ME2110: Creative Decisions and Design at Georgia Tech integrates mechatronics and technical communication into a sophomore level mechanical design class. This paper describes the course in detail, highlighting the course goals and layout, tools provided to the students, industry involvement, and the main challenges of administering such a course.
Electronic system reliability: collating prediction models

This paper summarizes research done in the area of electronic system reliability and assesses the approaches used in the calculation of electronic system failure rates. A detailed literature survey is conducted to investigate the various available reliability prediction models. The paper starts with a definition of reliability, briefly discusses various regions of system failure rate in time, justifies the role of reliability prediction methods, provides a historical overview, classifies the traditional models into easy to understand categories and discusses the advantages and disadvantage, reviews the key models that are currently in use, and compares the first and most widely used model (i.e., MIL-HDBK-217) with the most recently introduced model (i.e., PRISM)
Simulating Rhapsody SysML Blocks in Hybrid Models with FMI

The Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) standard enables hybrid simulation of models from different tools. Such tools can have different underlying behavioral semantics, creating challenges when models are combined. A case in point is the combination of the Rhapsody tool, widely used to describe and implement discrete control behavior, and Modelica, widely used to describe continuous plant behavior. This paper describes a plugin we developed for exporting Functional Mockup Units (FMUs) from Rhapsody, and the results of combining generated FMUs with continuous models. When a Rhapsody FMU is used in a different environment, some basic assumptions on its behavior are challenged. We describe the semantic mismatches between the tools, to what extent they can be overcome, and what modelers need to do in order to preserve the intended semantics of an
Hereditary Pancreatitis: A Model for Understanding the Genetic Basis of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

Progress in understanding pancreatic diseases has been limited by a number of factors. Primary problems include the absence of good animal models, and difficulty in understanding the origin of pancreatic disease since the disease is usually manifest by the progressive destruction of the gland itself. Beginning in 1995, our laboratory, with the support of the Midwest Multicenter Pancreatic Study Group, began investigating the genetic basis of hereditary pancreatitis. Utilization of information becoming available through the human genome project allowed us to map and identify the hereditary pancreatitis gene as cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1). Molecular modeling, and subsequent experimental evidence, has solved key elements of the mysteries surrounding the origin of acute pancreatitis and the progression of acute pancreatitis to chronic pancreatitis. The availability of new genetic information and genomic tools should produce a revolution in our understanding of pancreatic diseases.
Transistorised Self-Stabilising Horizontal-Deflection Systems

Two classes of self stabilising horizontal deflection circuit are analysed. It is shown that both types, when optimised, involve a relatively small increase in deflection transistor VA for the stabilisation function. Typically the circuits are capable of stabilising against a 2 to 1 change in supply voltage with high efficiency.
A tissue culture color test for measuring influenza virus and antibody.

Summary1. A tissue culture color test has been developed for titration of influenza virus and antibody using secondary monkey kidney cell cultures. 2. Virus titrations with the color test are comparable in accuracy with those done in roller tube cultures, mean titer being 0.56 logs lower in the color test. 3. Antibody content of immune sera (animal or human) can readily be determined and slopes of neutralization curves determined by color test are comparable to those found in ovo. 4. Color test neutralization titers and HI titers of the same sera show a significant association.
Case presentation format and clinical reasoning: a strategy for teaching medical students.

A strategy for clinicians (residents, attending physicians and preceptors) to teach medical students how to present and reason out a patient case is described. A case presentation can be divided in...
Residual Symptoms and Impairment in Major Depression in the Community

OBJECTIVE: Studies of patients with major depression in treatment settings have found significant residual symptoms and impairment after resolution of the depressive episode. However, only a small proportion of individuals with major depression seek treatment, and little is known about the residual symptoms and impairment associated with major depression in the community. This study used data from the National Comorbidity Survey, which included a nationally representative household sample of respondents in the United States, to assess the course of residual symptoms and impairment after resolution of major depressive episodes in the community. METHOD: National Comorbidity Survey respondents with lifetime major depression who were currently experiencing a major depressive episode and respondents whose last episode had ended more than 1 to 6 months, more than 6 to 12 months, or more than 12 months ago were compared with those without a history of major depression with regard to depressive symptoms and days ...
Oxygen self-diffusion in undoped and doped cobaltous oxide

Abstract The diffusion coefficient of O-18 in CoO has been measured in the temperature range from 1175° to 1560°C. Diffusion was measured in undoped CoO crystals and in crystals containing from 0.1 to 0.5 molar percent of aluminum or lithium. The diffusion coefficient in the undoped crystals is represented by the expression, D = 50 exp[-(95,000±5000)]/RT cm 2 sec , at P02 = 0.21 atm. At a constant temperature and a constant oxygen partial pressure, the diffusion coefficient in doped crystals was found to increase or decrease with increasing concentration of lithium or aluminum in the oxide crystals. The results are discussed in terms of oxygen diffusion by a vacancy mechanism.
Notes on Passing as an Insider at the us Holocaust Memorial Museum

The administrators at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum like to remind people that the museum has only been open since 1994, which at the time of this writing, puts the age of the museum at 20 years. The institution, they mean, is just post adolescence, with all that implies.
Genetic Variation and Subspecific Relationships of Michigan Elk (Cervus elaphus)

Genetic variation of Michigan elk is examined by use of protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Six western elk populations ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni , Rocky Mountain elk) are surveyed and contrasted with Michigan elk. Significant differences in allele frequencies (χ2 = 227.20, d.f. = 28, P < 0.001) and moderate genetic variation exists among the elk herds examined (mean FST = 0.100). However, no significant differences in allele frequencies and small genetic variation are found among the three populations in or near Yellowstone National Park (total χ2 = 6.360, d.f. = 4, P = 0.174; mean FST = 0.034). Moreover, no significant differences are found when the reintroduced populations of Vermejo Park, New Mexico, and Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma, are included with the three populations from the Yellowstone area (total χ2 = 15.131, d.f. = 12, P = 0.234; mean Fsx= 0.038). Significant differences in allele frequencies and moderate genetic variation exist among the elk populations when either or both of the reintroduced populations of Michigan or Mt. Taylor, New Mexico, are added to the analysis of the five other elk populations. Michigan elk have a unique PGM-1 allele not shared by any of the other elk populations examined, but the unique allele is likely to be homologous to alleles among Roosevelt elk known from previous studies. The claim that the Michigan elk herd descends from seven individuals from Yellowstone National Park or the National Elk Refuge is not supported by historic or genetic evidence.
Feeding and Swallowing Management in Infants With Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies

Infants with cleft and craniofacial anomalies may have feeding difficulties related to structural anomalies but also due to some physiologic dysfunction Pierre Robin Sequence and in 22q11.2 syndrom...
Basic Ideas of Probability

Each of us has some intuitive notion of what “probability” is. Everyday conversation is full of references to it: “He’ll probably return on Saturday.” “Maybe he won’t.” “The chances are she’ll forget.” “The odds on winning are small.”
Synthesis of β-(S-methyl)thioaspartic acid and derivatives

Beta-(S-Methyl)thioaspartic acid occurs as a posttranslational modification at position 88 in Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12, a position that is a mutational hotspot resulting in both antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive phenotypes. Critical to research designed to determine the biological function of beta-(S-methyl)thioaspartic acid will be the availability of synthetic beta-(S-methyl)thioaspartic acid as well as derivatives designed for peptide incorporation. We report here the synthesis of beta-(S-methyl)thioaspartic acid and derivatives. The installation of the beta-methylthio moiety into the aspartic acid structure was accomplished by electrophilic sulfenylation of N-protected-l-aspartic acid derivatives with 2,4-dinitrophenyl methyl disulfide. Following this key transformation, we were able to prepare protected beta-(S-methyl)thioaspartic acid derivative suitable for peptide coupling.
Multi-probe random projection clustering to secure very large distributed datasets

This paper presents a solution to the approximate fc-means clustering problem for very large distributed datasets. Distributed data models have gained popularity in recent years following the efforts of commercial, academic and government organizations, to make data more widely accessible. Due to the sheer volume of available data, in-memory single-core computation quickly becomes infeasible, requiring distributed multiprocessing. Our solution achieves comparable clustering performance to other popular clustering algorithms, with improved overall complexity growth while being amenable to distributed processing frameworks such as Map-Reduce. Our solution also maintains certain guarantees regarding data privacy deanonimization.
Reduced model state estimation for Wide-Area Monitoring Systems

This paper presents an alternative approach to multiarea state estimation. The proposed approach utilizes a fewer number of measurements than conventional state estimators and is unaffected by errors in system models. The measurements used are identified using principal component analysis, while artificial neural networks are used to implement the state estimation function. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated on the IEEE 118-bus and Polish 2383-bus systems.
The alphastat hypothesis in respiratory control and acid-base balance.

This selective review 1) evaluates recent interpretations that broaden the definition of the alphastat hypothesis, 2) proposes that central chemoreception and acid-base regulation via ion transport involve proteins conforming to the alphastat hypothesis, and 3) describes, using recent evidence, possible candidates for these proteins. The alphastat hypothesis states that proteins that contain appropriate function-determining titratable groups maintain a constant charge state and unaltered function with temperature-dependent pH changes but can be very sensitive to isothermal pH changes. Appropriate groups, e.g., imidazole histidine, are determined by the pK and the effect of temperature on the pK. The hypothesis explains how protein structure and function can be conserved among a diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate pH values. It also suggests a mechanism for sensing or regulating temperature-independent pH changes, e.g., in central chemosensitivity and transmembrane ion exchange. Possible candidates for such alphastat-conforming proteins include two, the glutamate receptor and the Na(+)-H+ antiporter, for which recent evidence indicates the presence of numerous histidines at probable function-determining sites and demonstrates pH sensitivity inhibitable by the histidine blocker diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC).
For-Profit and Nonprofit Services Marketing Curricular Offerings

Following a procedure similar to that used by Delene (1981) in the late 1970s, the objectives of this research were: 1) to determine the current status of for-profit services and nonprofit marketing course offerings among marketing departments in AACSB accredited schools, 2) to identify changes that might have occurred in the past decade or so, and 3) to explore the implications for higher education in services marketing for the 1990s.
Optimization of cobalt/nitrogen embedded carbon nanotubes as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrode for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

The design of efficient, durable and affordable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is indispensable in regenerative energy conversion and storage systems, such as water splitting, fuel cells and rechargeable metal–air batteries. Here we present a high-performance bifunctional catalyst with cobalt and nitrogen embedded carbon nanotubes (CNCNs), which exhibits high electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR and OER. For comparison, iron and nickel embedded carbon nanotubes (FeNCNs and NiNCNs) are also investigated to reveal the electrochemical performance upon transition metal doping. In the half-cell testing, FeNCN-44 and CNCN-100 show better electrochemical activities towards the ORR, while the compositionally optimized CNCN-44 outperforms other prepared catalysts during the OER including commercial RuO2 and Pt/C. The CNCN-44 exhibits a low oxidation overpotential of 0.38 V and stability with negligible deactivation over extended operation, which make it the best catalyst in overall bifunctional performance. We also test the suitability and durability of CNCN-44 as the oxygen electrode for rechargeable Zn–air batteries. The homemade battery exhibits a high open-circuit potential of 1.45 V and stable charge–discharge durability over 12 hours in 6 M KOH electrolyte at 10 mA cm−2, which make our compositionally optimized CNCN-44 a promising candidate as a cathode material for rechargeable zinc–air batteries.
Managing the innovators: Organizational and professional commitment among scientists and engineers

How can leaders best manage commitment among innovators? We applied theory on dual allegiance to multiple targets of commitment, in conjunction with person-organization fit theory, to explore the dynamics of organizational and professional commitment among scientists and engineers working in hybrid, research-focused organizations. These types of organizations are founded on large-scale multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional collaboration between academe and industry. Using both individual- and organizational-level variables collected from 255 academic science and engineering researchers working in 22 National Science Foundation-funded Engineering Research Centers, our analyses revealed that researcher innovation orientation (i.e., the predisposition to approach work in novel ways) was positively associated with organizational and professional commitment. Those relationships were moderated by two factors: organizational productivity in late-stage technology transfer and the researcher‘s perceived role significance (i.e., in fulfilling the strategic mission of the organization). The strongest positive relationship between innovation orientation and organizational commitment emerged among researchers who perceived high role significance and worked in highly productive organizations. A negative relationship between innovation orientation and professional commitment also emerged among those individuals. Post-hoc analyses revealed that highly innovative, senior researchers who perceived high role significance were the most likely to report higher levels of both organizational and professional commitment. Leaders of multi-disciplinary research centers who are aware of the complexity of dynamics among organizational commitment, professional commitment, and role significance may be better equipped to effectively manage science and engineering researchers.
Chemokine network during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells: Differential response between growth and proinflammatory factor in preadipocytes vs. adipocytes

Obesity is recognized as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state which involves a chemokine network contributing to a variety of diseases. As a first step toward understanding the roles of the obesity-driven chemokine network, we used a 3T3-L1 cell differentiation model to identify the chemokine profiles elicited during adipogenesis and how this profile is modified by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) as a growth and proinflammatory factor, respectively. The chemokine network was monitored using PCR arrays and qRT-PCR while main signaling pathways of EGF and TNF were measured using immunoblotting. The dominant chemokines in preadipocytes were CCL5, CCL8, CXCL1, and CXCL16, and in adipocytes CCL6 and CXCL13. The following chemokines were found in both preadipocytes and adipocytes: CCL2, CCL7, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL5, CXCL12, and CX3CL1. Among chemokine receptors, CXCR7 was specific for preadipocytes and CXCR2 for adipocytes. These findings indicate the development of a CXCL12-CXCR7 axis in preadipocytes and a CXCL5-CXCR2 axis in adipocytes. In addition to induction of CCL2 and CCL7 in both preadipocytes and adipocytes, EGF enhanced specifically CXCL1 and CXCL5 in adipocytes, indicating the potentiation of CXCR2-mediated pathway in adipocytes. TNF induced CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL1 in preadipocytes but had no response in adipocytes. EGFR downstream activation was dominant in adipocytes whereas NFκB activation was dominant in preadipocytes. Taken together, the adipocyte-driven chemokine network in the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation model involves CXCR2-mediated signaling which appears more potentiated to growth factors like EGF than proinflammatory factors like TNF.
Testing for asset price bubbles: three new approaches

Testing for the existence of asset price bubbles is a difficult task. This paper shows that the local martingale theory of bubbles provides three new approaches that can be used to test for the existence of asset price bubbles, two of which are currently unexplored in the literature. The first is based on specifying a stochastic process for the asset's price process. The second exploits option price data, if options trade on the asset suspected to exhibit a price bubble. The third uses a multiple-factor model for the return process of the underlying asset.
Quantum mutual authentication scheme based on Bell state measurement

Authentication is one of the security services that ensures sufficient security of the system by identification and verification. Also, it assures the identity of the communicating party to be that the claimed one. To build a quantum channel between two unauthenticated to each other parties, first, a trusted authority is needed to establish a mutual authentication with each party. Using Bell measurement and entanglement swapping, we present a protocol that mutually authenticates the identity of the sender and the receiver, then constructs a quantum channel based on Bell basis. After, the sender and the receiver use the quantum channel to communicate using entanglement-assisted quantum communication protocols. Additionally, the protocol renews the shared secret key between the trusted authority and each user after each authentication process. The protocol provides the necessary authentication and key distribution to create a quantum channel between the sender and receiver.