cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SedTrap: A Conceptual Model for Trap Efficiencies in a Sedimentation Basin

Sedimentation basins and sediment traps are established methodologies for reducing sediment and other pollutants exiting small watersheds such as urban areas and construction sites. However, estimating the trap efficiency or designing a basin or trap to provide a pre-determined trap efficiency, is difficult, especially for dynamic conditions of water and sediment inflow. A conceptual dynamic model, called SedTrap, was developed that can be used to assess the varying removal efficiencies as a storm is routed through different sized basins or traps. The model uses the STELLA® modeling software from Iseesystems, Inc. to build a dynamic model to route both water and sediment through the system. Settling velocities are determined for a range of sediment sizes and temperatures using the Rubey-Watson law and compared to the more traditional Stokes’ law. The variation of efficiencies with time and by sediment size as the basin fills with sediment is also addressed. The results for the example used show a decrease in trap efficiencies with decreasing particle size, which leads to an increase in percent fine material of total sediment load at the outlet of the basin. This “fining” of the material coupled with the higher surface area per mass of the fine particles has implications for changes in the upstream-downstream concentrations of adsorbed contaminants.
Measuring the fusion cross-section of light nuclei with low-intensity beams

Abstract We demonstrate an approach to measure the total fusion cross-section for beams of low-intensity light nuclei. Fusion residues resulting from the fusion of 20,16 O+ 12 C are directly measured and distinguished from unreacted beam particles on the basis of their energy and time-of-flight. The time-of-flight is measured between a microchannel plate (MCP) detector, which serves as a start, and a segmented silicon detector, which provides a stop. The two main difficulties associated with the initial implementation of this approach are charge trapping in the silicon detector and slit scattering in the MCP detector. Both these obstacles have been characterized and overcome. To reduce atomic slit scattering in the measurement we have eliminated wires from the beam path by developing a gridless MCP detector. The total fusion cross-section for 16 O+ 12 C in the energy range E CM =8.0–12.0 MeV has been measured in agreement with established literature values (down to the 100 mb level).
Thiamine status and culture of rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ) from Owasco Lake, New York

ABSTRACT In 2005, 2008, and 2009, eggs were collected for analysis of total thiamine fiom 2, 58, and 30 gravid rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) captured in Edgewater Creek, Owasco Lake, New York, respectively. Mean egg thiamine concentrations (nmollg i standard error) in 2005, 2008, and 2009 were 6.0 ± 1.8, 13.3 ± 0.5, and 14.9 ± 0.2, respectively. Eggs from three more females in 2009 were manually spawned, fertilized, and incubated in the laboratory until they hatched on day 11. The mean thiamine concentration in these eggs was 2.7 ± 0.3 nmol/g. To detect possible thiamine deficiency, on day 12 larvae from each female were divided into two groups and immersed in either static culture water alone or the same water with 5,000 mg/L thiamine for 6 hrs, after which they were held as six individual groups and fed twice daily starting on day 23 until all control larvae had died on day 29. Thiamine treatment significantly (P<0.00l) increased survival of unfed larvae between days 15 and 18 and fed larvae between da...
Imaging charge transport and dislocation networks in ordered GaInP

Abstract An optical technique is used to measure local variations in minority carrier diffusion length associated with dislocation networks in ordered GaInP. Two-dimensional images of the luminescence resulting from carrier generation along a line source are obtained using an optical microscope coupled to a scanning electron microscope. Minority carrier diffusion lengths are determined from the spatial distribution of the recombination luminescence. The use of double heterostructures of AlGaInP/GaInP/AlGaInP restricts diffusion to the plane of the epilayer. Because the technique offers high spatial resolution, it is possible to measure variations in carrier transport associated with the dislocation bands produced due to lattice mismatch with the substrate. Minority carrier diffusion lengths have been correlated to the intensity fluctuations commonly observed in cathodoluminescence across several light and dark bands. In multiple regions of the sample, increased cathodoluminescence intensity occurs in areas of decreased diffusion length. Modeling shows that increased luminescence intensity can correspond to regions of decreased effective minority carrier lifetime, due to the combined effect of variations in non-radiative and radiative recombination rates.
Concerns and Needs for Research in Herbal Supplement Pharmacotherapy and Safety

To the conventionally trained clinician or basic scientist, herbal medicines (or phytomedicinals) represent the most conceptually accessible area of the exploding field known as complementary and alternative medicine. But despite the fact that numerous prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals are also natural products, herbal medicines are defined by U.S. regulatory authorities as dietary supplements and are, in fact, strictly prohibited from promotion as agents to treat, diagnose, or prevent disease. In this review, the argument is made that herbal supplements are indeed drugs, by strict pharmacological definition. However, this regulatory double standard has led to misconceptions among the public and the health care professions alike regarding the safety and efficacy of botanical agents. In cases where herbal remedies are demonstrated effective by double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, it should logically be appreciated that these agents also pose a risk of toxicity either when taken ...
Probiotics for Preventing and Treating Nosocomial Infections: Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations

Objective: To review the available clinical data supporting the use of probiotics in preventing and treating serious nosocomial infections. Data source: A Medline database from 1996 to July 2006 and references from identified articles were used to perform a literature search relating to the clinical applications of probiotics in preventing and treating Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDD) and prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia (HAP). Conclusion: Nosocomial infections like HAP and CDD contribute significantly to health-care costs in the United States. These clinical problems are associated with prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality in critically ill patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in cases of HAP and the recent description of an epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of C difficile , combined with the anticipated lack of new antimicrobial agents in the near future emphasize the need for new, innovative strategies to prevent and treat these diseases. Probiotics normally function as colonizers and contribute to the overall health of their hosts by multiple mechanisms including immune and antibacterial effects. There is no current clinical evidence to support the use of probiotics to restore the normal human flora in critically ill patients and reduce HAP rates. Probiotics can prevent episodes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but their utility in treating and preventing CDD requires demonstration of benefit in multicenter clinical trials, preferably sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Beginning, Continuation, and Future

Human Studies was the idea and invention of George (Psathas, in the hard to-imagine case that there is a reader who doesn't know that "George" is fol? lowed by "Psathas" ? but need I say how much I hate these parentheses?). Well, to continue: Human Studies has remained his concern ever since its inception. In the evenings I spent in George's house, the passionate but prolonged discussion was crowned with and relieved by cups of tea and some pastry which George, apparently indefatigable, brought around to us exhausted speak? ers and listeners, who nevertheless sat very comfortably on couches and easy chairs ?what a charming host! Among the faithful present were David Rasmussen, Vic Kestenbaum, Jeff Coulter, and Egon Bittner, as well as the spirits of Herbert Spiegelberg and Harold Garfinkel. There were many issues to consider, of course, e.g., content, readers, publisher, and number of copies. Was it going to be a social science or a philosophy journal? What was its re? lation to phenomenology? Was it to be exclusively or in a more general sense phenomenological? What would be the place of ethnomethodology? Through a series of spirited discussions we made important and consequential decisions ?that the journal would be influenced in a more general way by phenomenol? ogy as an overall orientation rather than a specialty, that ethnomethodology would be paid special attention to, and that the standards for scholarship would be high. The issue I remember best is that of the title of the new journal. The reason I remember it so well is that "human studies," which was my proposal, is H.A. Hodges' felicitous translation of Wilhelm Dilthey's Geisteswissenschaften, (study "of the mind" or "of the spirit"), that is, roughly, the social sciences and humanities. My effort was to make this distinction, well known in Ger? man, between the human studies and the natural studies or sciences. The hu? man studies understand, the natural sciences explain. The reason for this distinction is that the human being is a mixed phenomenon, both body and soul, and that therefore any investigation of human beings must do justice to both.
Comparisons of residues in milk resulting from two types of spray applications of DDT, Shell Compound 4072, and ronnel.

In tests to compare residues in milk resulting from application of insecticide sprays to dairy cows, the animals were covered completely with a spray of a concentration sufficient to leave a residue for 1 to 4 weeks or with a mist-spray applied by an automatic device. The mist-spray dispersed approximately the minimum required to control horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), for 1 day, thus avoiding any heavy deposits on the animal. The insecticides tested were DDT, ronnel, and Shell Compound 4072 (2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl phosphate). Residues of each insecticide present in the milk after the sprays were applied were determined by gasliquid chromatography. Results showed that residues of insecticides in milk can be greatly reduced by proper use. When minimum amounts for horn fly control were applied to dairy cows in small daily doses, residues from all 3 insecticides were extremely low.
The mediating effect of prefrontal asymmetry on the relationship between the COMT Val158Met SNP and trait consummatory positive affect

The Val(158)Met rs4680 polymorphism in the COMT gene regulates dopamine catabolism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Dopamine's involvement in reward experience suggests those with the methionine (Met) variant may exhibit trait-level sensitivity to reward due to more post-synaptic dopamine in the PFC. A physiological mediator of this association may be greater relative left asymmetry in the PFC, a putative biomarker for trait positive emotionality. Electroencephalograms of 120 participants were measured during a task that assesses two aspects of reward processing: pre-reward anticipation and post-reward consummatory affect. Participants provided genetics samples and completed the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), which assesses trait-level anticipatory and consummatory positive affect. Met carriers had higher TEPS-Consummatory scores. This effect was mediated by greater relative left activation in the post-reward phase of the task. No effects were observed for the pre-reward phase. Results suggest that frontal asymmetry is an endophenotype between COMT genotype and trait reward responsivity.
Some Relationships Between Dynamic Shop Operations and the Capacity Rating Methodology

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the static capacity rating (CR) index and dynamic (time dependent) shop operating characteristics. This paper describes three experiments which were conducted with a simulation model and designed to test the significance of the CR index as a predictor of dynamic shop operations. Results in the cases tested indicate that the index may be more sensitive to dynamic operations than are deterministic measures.
Synthesis of tungsten compounds with Schiff base ligands prepared from ferrocenecarboxaldehyde: Observation of the migration of an imine double bond

Abstract The one-pot reactions of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, W(CO)4(pip)2 (pip = piperidine) and either 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine or 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine lead to clean formation of pyridine imine products W(CO)4(η2-NC5H4CH NCH2C5H4FeCp) (1) and W(CO)4(η2-NC5H4C2H4N CHC5H4FeCp) (2), respectively. Crystal structures of the two compounds show that in 1 the imine double bond has migrated so that it is conjugated with the pyridine ring while in 2 the imine double bond remains conjugated with the cyclopentadienyl ring. This finding is reinforced by a comparison of dihedral angles in each molecule. IR, NMR and electronic spectra each highlight the differences between the two compounds. Crystal data for C21H16FeN2O4W (1): monoclinic P2(1)/c, a = 12.768(2) A, b = 13.593(2) A, c = 12.981(2) A, β = 119.46°, V = 1961.6(4) A3, Z = 4; C22H18FeN2O4W (2): monoclinic P2(1)/c, a = 16.759(1) A, b = 8.8612(7) A, c = 13.802(1) A, β = 95.998(1)°, V = 2038.4(3) A3, Z = 4.
Hydrostatic pressure dependence of the tunneling splitting in RbCl: Ag+

Abstract We present measurements of the pressure dependence of the tunneling splitting in RbCl:Ag + for hydrostatic pressures from 950 to 1850 bar. The dependence is linear above 1100 bar and appears to have a break in the curve between 1000 and 1100 bar. This data suggests that a configurational change may take place near 1000 bar.
Excited state proton transfer in guanine in the gas phase and in water solution : A theoretical study

Theoretical investigations were performed to study the phenomena of ground and electronic excited state proton transfer in the isolated and monohydrated forms of guanine. Ground and transition state geometries were optimized at both the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and HF/6-311G(d,p) levels. The geometries of tautomers including those of transition states corresponding to the proton transfer from the keto to the enol form of guanine were also optimized in the lowest singlet ππ* excited state using the configuration interaction singles (CIS) method and the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. The time-dependent density function theory method augmented with the B3LYP functional (TD-B3LYP) and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was used to compute vertical transition energies using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) geometries. The TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations were also performed using the CIS/6-311G(d,p) geometries to predict the adiabatic transition energies of different tautomers and the excited state proton transfer barrier heights of gu...
PODEMOS HABLAR DE ALIMENTOS FUNCIONALES EN CHILE

En Chile no se cuenta con una definicion formal del termino Alimento Funcional, el que se utiliza para designar alimentos que ejercen propiedades beneficiosas debido a su contenido de ingredientes bioactivos. La reglamentacion alimentaria incluye un listado de 18 mensajes o declaraciones de propiedades saludables, los que se asocian al consumo de alimentos que poseen propiedades beneficiosas para la salud, todos ellos basados en evidencia cientifica. La legislacion internacional esta demandando cada vez mas a la industria la validacion de los mensajes saludables a traves de estudios preclinicos y clinicos que entreguen una base cientifica solida a la bioactividad declarada de los ingredientes funcionales. Un ejemplo de la complejidad del tema es el caso de los polifenoles, para los cuales se ha demostrado una gama de efectos beneficiosos en ensayos in vitro, en tanto que su validacion clinica aun representa un desafio. Se plantea la necesidad de definir los criterios de uso del termino alimentos funcionales con miras a la proteccion del consumidor.
A novel low power hybrid loop filter for continuous-time sigma-delta modulators

A novel low power hybrid (Active-Passive) loop filter using the single amplifier biquad (SAB) filter is presented. This new hybrid loop filter saves power consumption by reducing the number of active elements in the continuous-time sigma-delta modulator. Also, the core biquad filter allows the loop filter of a high-order modulator to be implemented by cascading low-order biquad sections, considerably easing the design and implementation of the high-order continuous-time sigma-delta modulator. The proposed loop filter is a general type of hybrid filter which could be used for the both high and low oversampling ratios (OSRs). Experiment on a 5th-order low pass continuous-time sigma-delta modulator with a bandwidth of 30MHz is conducted successfully and the results are presented.
Robotic-assisted oropharyngeal reconstruction with local flaps

Robotic surgical systems have been developed to augment the capabilities of the surgeon when applied to limited access surgical situations. The adaption of robotic technology to the management of oropharyngeal pathology may represent a paradigm shift in the management of early stage oral malignancies that have commonly been treated with chemoradiation due to the morbidity associated with standard open surgical techniques. The creation of a surgical defect with this approach also creates the need to develop and adapt techniques for reconstruction. Fortunately, the surgical robot is easily applied to the transposition of local flaps to meet these reconstructive needs.
Calculation of the Density and Detonation Properties of C, H, N, O and F Compounds: Use in the Design and Synthesis of New Energetic Materials

The estimation of the density and detonation properties of C, H, N, O, F explosives is discussed. A simple computer program, "Energy", first developed at the Naval Weapons Center-China Lake in the early 1980's is presented in an updated form. This program allows the rapid calculation of the estimated properties of both known and hypothetical energetic materials. A review of the use of this program in the synthesis of new energetic materials is given.
Quality of Life in Long-Term Survivors of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Abstract Introduction Psychosocial distress is common after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Little is known about the psychosocial adjustment of women living long term with metastatic breast cancer. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of women living with metastatic breast cancer for 5 years or longer. The survey included demographic and medical history, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Revised Impact of Events Scale (IES-R), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-Breast), and the Duke-University of North Carolina (UNC) Functional Social Support (DUFSS) Questionnaire. Demographic and disease characteristics were assessed by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Fisher exact test. The relationships between IES-R, DUFSS, and the HADS were assessed by using the Spearman correlation coefficients. Statistical tests were 2-sided, with significance defined as P ≤ .05. Results Eighteen (64%) of 28 eligible women completed the survey. Women who completed the survey were more likely to have had node-positive disease (2 P = .0007), to had taken adjuvant therapy (2 P = .01), and to have had hormone-receptor positive disease than women who did not (2 P = .04). Among those who completed the survey, data from the FACT-Breast and the DUFSS indicated that women are physically functioning well but still face significant emotional challenges. Results from the HADS indicated that 2 (11.1%) of 18 women were depressed and that 2 (11.1%) of 18 women were anxious. Six (33%) of 18 women had scores on the IES-R Scale that indicated a powerful impact of traumatic stress on the ability to function. In the total sample of 18, the IES-R was significantly correlated with the HADS-Anxiety score (Spearman correlation, 0.81; 2 P = .0002) but not with the HADS-Depression score (Spearman correlation, 0.40; 2 P = .12). Conclusions Although overall quality of life is good in this population of women living long term with metastatic breast cancer, there is a subset of women who are dealing with significant anxiety and depression, and a larger group who are experiencing burdensome sadness, hopelessness, and apprehension about their disease. Ongoing work to address the needs of this population is warranted.
Adequacy of Stage Models for Decisions on Adoption of Innovation

Although a large number of stage models of the adoption process have been proposed in the literature on innovation, there is little or no evidence that any of these models mirror the actual process...
Grow and know: understanding record-keeping needs for tracking the development of young children

From birth through age five, children undergo rapid development and learn skills that will influence them their entire lives. Regular visits to the pediatrician and detailed record-keeping can ensure that children are progressing and can identify early warning signs of developmental delay or disability. However, new parents are often overwhelmed with new responsibilities, and we believe there is an opportunity for computing technology to assist in this process. In this paper, we present a qualitative study aimed at uncovering some specific needs for record-keeping and analysis for new parents and their network of caregivers. Through interviews and focus groups, we have confirmed assumptions about the rationales parents have and the functions required for using technology for record-keeping. We also identify new themes, potential prototypes, and design guidelines for this domain.
A Renormalization Group Calculation of the Viscosity of a Hard-Sphere Suspension

A new renormalization group procedure is used to resum the virial series for the viscosity of a hard-sphere suspension. Theoretical results are compared with experimental and numerical simulation data.
Evaluation of disinfectants commonly used by the commercial poultry industry under simulated field conditions

The correct usage of disinfectants is an important component of a successful biosecurity program. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time, temperature, and organic matter (OM) on disinfectant efficacy. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium were used to represent gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria commonly found in commercial poultry housing. The first study evaluated the effect of temperature (4, 20, 32, or 43 degrees C) and time (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 30 wk) on the efficacy of disinfectants diluted to working concentrations. The second study determined the effect of OM on the efficacy of working concentrations of freshly prepared disinfectants against the bacteria. For the third study, we compared the bactericidal properties of freshly prepared disinfectants and 30-wk-old disinfectants in the presence of OM. Quaternary ammonium-, chlorhexidine-, phenolic-, and binary ammonium-based solutions represented disinfectants commonly used within the poultry industry. In the first study, all of the disinfectants were effective against S. aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium regardless of treatment. However, the phenolic compound had reduced (P <or= 0.05) efficacy against Salmonella Typhimurium after 6 wk of storage at the highest temperature of 43 degrees C and after 16 wk at the second highest temperature of 32 degrees C. All of the disinfectants were effective against S. aureus regardless of temperature treatment. In the second study, the addition of sterile chicken litter had deleterious effects on all 4 classes of disinfectants against Salmonella Typhimurium. Of the disinfectants tested, the phenolic compound retained efficacy against S. aureus. In the third study, the presence of OM significantly reduced (P <or= 0.05) the efficacy of the 30-wk-old quaternary ammonium and phenolic compound against Salmonella. The fresh quaternary ammonium and binary compound achieved a greater kill (P <or= 0.05) of Staphylococcus, relative to the 30-wk-old disinfectant. These results emphasize the need to use fresh disinfectants and that OM should be removed before disinfection.
Composition of Communication Services in a Visual Programming Language

Enhancements to a visual programming language are presented that integrate multiple modes of communication including email, instant messaging and speech synthesis, all into a single common interface. These features allow an end-user with no programming experience to easily connect these services together and perform simple operations on their data. These features do not require programming knowledge, and can be used to construct simple interfaces to these services for users unable to use them directly.
Portal Biliopathy Causing Recurrent Biliary Obstruction and Hemobilia

A 63-year-old man with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis presented with biliary obstruction and hemobilia after a liver biopsy. Balloon sweep of the common bile duct removed clotted blood, and cholangiogram showed a common bile duct narrowing, treated with biliary stenting. A percutaneous biliary catheter was later required for recurrent biliary obstruction and hemobilia, and repeat cholangiogram confirmed portal biliopathy—a large peri-biliary varix was compressing the common bile duct, causing biliary obstruction and intermittent portal hypertensive hemobilia. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was inserted, followed by embolization of the peri-biliary varix. Delayed diagnosis of portal biliopathy may lead to significant patient morbidity.
Inflation from Broken Scale Invariance

We construct a model of inflation based on a low-energy effective theory of spontaneously broken global scale invariance. This provides a shift symmetry that protects the inflaton potential from quantum corrections. Since the underlying scale invariance is noncompact, arbitrarily large inflaton field displacements are readily allowed in the low-energy effective theory. A weak breaking of scale invariance by almost marginal operators provides a nontrivial inflaton minimum, which sets and stabilizes the final low-energy value of the Planck scale. The underlying scale invariance ensures that the slow-roll approximation remains valid over large inflaton displacements, and yields a scale invariant spectrum of perturbations, as required by the cosmic microwave background observations.
Inhibitory effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the nerve stimulation-induced release of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y from the mesenteric arterial bed

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a cotransmitter with norepinephrine (NE) and ATP in sympathetic nerves. There is evidence for increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin ...
A technique for low energy mapping and routing in network-on-chip architectures

Network-on-chip (NoC) has been proposed as a solution for the global communication challenges of system-on-chip (SoC) design in the nanoscale technologies. NoC design with mesh based topologies requires mapping of cores to router ports, and routing of traffic traces such that the bandwidth and latency constraints are satisfied. The authors presented a novel automated design technique that solves the mesh based NoC design problem with an objective of minimizing the communication energy. In contrast to existing research that only take bandwidth constraints as inputs, the technique solves the NoC design problem in the presence of bandwidth as well as latency constraints. The technique was compared with a recent work called NMAP and an optimal MILP based formulation. It is proven that the complexity of the technique is lower than that of NMAP. For the latency constrained case, while NMAP fails on most test cases, the technique is able to generate high quality results. In comparison to the MILP formulation, the results produced by our technique are within 14 % of the optimal.
SULCOPYRENULA, A NEW PYRENOCARPOUS LICHEN GENUS (PYRENULACEAE, LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTA)

Abstract Sulcopyrenula H. Harada gen. nov. is described. It differs from other genera of Pyrenulaceae by having longitudinally sulcate spores. The genus is represented by two species: S. canellae-albae (Fee) H. Harada comb. nov. and S. staurospora (Tuck.) H. Harada comb. nov. Both species have been previously reported from N. and S. America, and the latter species is now reported from Asia.
Improved (1s)2 variational model for helium

The ground-state energy of neutral helium is estimated variationally with a trial wavefunction of the form ϕ≈e −γ(rA/a o)ne−γ(rB/a o)n. This model represents a modification of traditional textbook examinations of this problem via inclusion of the power “n” as a second nonlinear variational parameter in addition to the usual effective nuclear charge γ and leads to an upper-limit on the ground state energy of −2.86107 E h (E h =1 hartree) in comparison with the traditional (n=1) result of −2.84766 E h . This result represents a reduction of the percentage overestimate from the true ground-state energy (−2.90373 E h ) of from 1.93 to 1.47. In comparison with the maximum accuracy obtainable from an uncorrelated trial wavefunction, −2.86168 E h , the present trial wavefunction reduces the percentage overestimate from 0.49 (n=1) to 0.021. The optimum values of (n, γ) are determined to be ≈(0.897, 1.825).
Guglielmi detachable coil embolization for unruptured aneurysms in nonsurgical candidates: a cost-effectiveness exploration.

PURPOSE: We calculated the incremental cost-utility ratio for Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization versus no therapy for unruptured intracranial aneurysms considered inappropriate for surgical clipping procedures. METHODS: Decision tree and Markov analyses that employ cohort simulation were applied to determine the incremental cost-utility ratio of GDC embolization versus no therapy for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Clinical values required as input data were estimated from the literature for the following variables: relative frequencies of complete aneurysmal occlusion, partial aneurysmal occlusion, and attempted coiling (no coils detached); morbidity and mortality of GDC embolization; frequency, morbidity, and mortality of spontaneous aneurysmal rupture in untreated and GDC-embolized aneurysms; annual rate of recanalization of GDCembolized aneurysms; quality of life when knowingly living with untreated or GDG-embolized aneurysms and of living with fixed neurologic deficit; costs of GDC embolization, spontaneous aneurysmal rupture, stroke, and rehabilitation; and discount rate. Cost-utility ratios below $50 000 per quality-adjusted life year saved were considered acceptable. Sensitivity analyses were performed for all relevant input variables. RESULTS: Baseline input values resulted in acceptable cost-utility ratios for GDC embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. These ratios remained within acceptable limits across wide ranges of various input parameters. Cost-effectiveness was markedly affected by the natural course of unruptured, untreated aneurysms; rates of spontaneous rupture greater than 2% per year resulted in favorable cost-utility ratios that were relatively unaffected by variation in GDC efficacy, while rates of rupture less than 1% per year resulted in unfavorable ratios that were highly dependent on GDC efficacy. Many of the GDC efficacy indexes, such as rate of failed coiling, early recanalization, and progressive aneurysmal thrombosis, have mild effects on the cost-utility ratios. GDC complication rate as well as life expectancy had moderate effects on the analysis. The influence of late aneurysmal recanalization was mild unless high rates of rupture for partially coiled aneurysms were applied. Suboptimal clip placement resulting from the presence of GDC coils within a ruptured aneurysm had no demonstrable consequence on cost-utility ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The single most influential variable determining the cost-effectiveness of GDC embolization in our analysis was the natural course of untreated aneurysms. Other important variables included GDC-related morbidity and life expectancy at the time of GDC embolization.
The Role of System Training and Exposure on Crash Warning Evaluation

This research paper explores the role that familiarity with crash warning systems has on the evaluation of those systems. Prior research has not been consistent in it treatment of providing system training and exposure to participants. The potential impact of these differences in methodology on key measures of response and outcome is unknown. Ninety-six participants completed this study that crossed system training with prior exposure to the warning to systematically evaluate these effects for both forward crash warning (FCW) and lane departure warning (LDW) systems evaluations. Prior exposure to the alerts led to changes in engagement with the distraction task for both FCW and LDW events. Training on the system influenced outcomes of the FCW events with less severe outcomes for participants who were aware they had the system. There is also evidence that driver who were aware of the system’s presence but did not have prior exposure to it were less likely to complete the experiment successfully. The results of this study point to an advantage in not provide prior system awareness training in terms of longer commitment times to allow the crash warning events to materialize when prior exposure to the alerts is provided.
Exploiting the ubiquitin and phosphoinositide pathways by the Legionella pneumophila effector, SidC

Intracellular bacterial pathogens use secreted effector proteins to alter host cellular processes, with the goal of subverting host defenses and allowing the infection to progress. One such pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, secretes ~300 proteins into its host to alter a number of pathways including intracellular trafficking, phosphoinositide metabolism, and cell signaling. The Legionella effector SidC was previously found to bind to PI(4)P and was responsible for the enrichment of ER proteins and ubiquitinated species on the Legionella-containing vacuoles. Through our recent work, we have discovered that SidC contains a unique N-terminal E3 ubiquitin ligase domain and a C-terminal novel PI(4)P-binding domain. Our results demonstrate that SidC serves to link two distinct cellular pathways, ubiquitin and phosphoinositide. However, how the ubiquitin ligase activity regulates host membrane trafficking events remains to be investigated.
The Problems of Plagiarism as an Ethics Offense

This column questions the practices of labeling attorney copying, even without acknowledgement, as plagiarism, and treating it as a per se ethics violation. Instead, the column argues that analysis of copying in the litigation context should focus directly on the quality of the filing at issue and the competence and diligence of the lawyer who prepared it.
The incomplete profession

Neil Gilbert, Ph.D., is Associate Professor, and Harry Specht is Professor, School of Social Wel fare, University of California, Berkeley, Califor The profession of social work is incom plete: it has developed a commitment to services but has failed to develop a com mitment to welfare. This incompleteness is one reason for its difficulty in responding effectively to demands placed on it by a so ciety in transition and upheaval. This diagnosis of the state of the profes sion is not original. It follows a recurrent theme on the duality of social work prac tice, played under different titles through out the profession's history. In 1905 Rich mond wrote of the "wholesale" and "retail"
Point-of-care test for cervical cancer in LMICs

// Sulma I. Mohammed 1, 4 , Wen Ren 2, 4 , Lisa Flowers 3 , Bartek Rajwa 4 , Carla J. Chibwesha 5 , Groesbeck P. Parham 5 , Joseph M.K. Irudayaraj 2, 4 1 Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 2 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA 4 Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 5 Division of Global Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA Correspondence to: Sulma I. Mohammed, e-mail: mohammes@purdue.edu Keywords: cervical, cancer, LMIC, Africa, point-of-care Received: November 13, 2015 Accepted: February 09, 2016 Published: February 25, 2016 ABSTRACT Cervical cancer screening using Papanicolaou's smear test has been highly effective in reducing death from this disease. However, this test is unaffordable in low- and middle-income countries, and its complexity has limited wide-scale uptake. Alternative tests, such as visual inspection with acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine and human papillomavirus DNA, are sub-optimal in terms of specificity and sensitivity, thus sensitive and affordable tests with high specificity for on-site reporting are needed. Using proteomics and bioinformatics, we have identified valosin-containing protein (VCP) as differentially expressed between normal specimens and those with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (CIN2/CIN3+) or worse. VCP-specific immunohistochemical staining (validated by a point-of-care technology) provided sensitive (93%) and specific (88%) identification of CIN2/CIN3+ and may serve as a critical biomarker for cervical-cancer screening. Future efforts will focus on further refinements to enhance analytic sensitivity and specificity of our proposed test, as well as on prototype development.
Activity and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with untreated brain metastases.

8035 Background: Brain metastases (BrMs) are common among patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and local therapy such as surgery and radiation can add toxicity and delay ...
Circulating catecholamines in cats before and after lethal head injury.

SummarySeveral particulate compounds such as Celite, glass powder, tin oxide, diamond powder, and three different cellulose products, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Solka Flok, and Cellophane Spangles, stimulated population growth in C. briggsae. Since inert diamond particles form a poor adsorbent, and since large particles did not enter the gut of the nematode, our results suggest that stimulation is not the result of nutrient adsorption or phagocytosis, but rather due to the physical presence of particles.
Micropuncture study of net transtubular movement of urea and water in rats expanded with isotonic saline.

SummaryNet transtubular movement of urea and water was studied in rats made diuretic by infusion of a volume of isotonic saline solution equivalent to 10% of their body weight. The major site of urea reabsorption was the proximal tubule and there was little urea loss from more distal parts of the nephron. There was no evidence of addition of urea to tubular fluid flowing through the loop of Henle. Throughout the nephron the percentage of filtered water remaining varied exponentially with transit time.
Estimating the Roles of Genetic Risk, Perinatal Risk, and Marital Hostility on Early Childhood Adjustment: Medical Records and Self-Reports

A wide variety of perinatal risk factors have been linked to later developmental outcomes in children. Much of this work has relied on either birth/medical records or mothers' self-reports collected after delivery, and there has been an ongoing debate about which strategy provides the most accurate and reliable data. This report uses a parent-offspring adoption design (N = 561 families) to (1) examine the correspondence between medical record data and self-report data, (2) examine how perinatal risk factors may influence child internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 4.5 years, and (3) explore interactions among genetic, perinatal risk, and rearing environment on child internalizing and externalizing behavior during early childhood. The agreement of self-reports and medical records data was relatively high (51-100 %), although there was some variation based on the construct. There were few main effects of perinatal risk on child outcomes; however, there were several 2- and 3-way interactions suggesting that the combined influences of genetic, perinatal, and rearing environmental risks are important, particularly for predicting whether children exhibit internalizing versus externalizing symptoms at age 4.5 years.
Bias and CRB Analysis of LoS-Based and RSS-Based Ranging Methods

In this paper, bias and Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) analyses for both proposed line of sight (LoS)-based and conventional received signal strength (RSS)-based ranging methods are provided. A minimum bias of LoS-based ranging is derived, which is based on the asymptotic variance (AsV) of the estimator. Mean square error lower bound (MSEB), which is the summation of CRB and the square of minimum bias, is employed to compare with existing RSS-based methods. The existing RSS-based ranging methods are categorized, and corresponding biases are analyzed. The multipath fading effect to the final range estimation has been modeled into the MSEB. The proposed LoS-based ranging method minimizes the effect of non-LoS (NLoS) component (i.e., the multipath fading) in the received signal. The derived model was validated by simulation. Both the analytic model and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed LoS method is superior to that of the conventional RSS-based methods.
Clinical Analysis of 37 Cases of Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Children

Objective: To analyze the pathogen, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, treatment and prognosis of hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS) in children. Methods: The clinical data of 37 cases of hemophagocytic syndrome in children were retrospectively analyzed. Results: HPS was diagnosed in 37 children(24 boys and 13 girls), aged from 2 months to 9 years. 5 cases(13.5%) were familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(FLH), while 32 children with HPS were secondary(16 cases were infected with Epstein Bart virus, 7 cases with cytomegalovirus and 9 cases with other etiopathogenisis). All children had fever and most of the children had hepatosplenomegaly, leucocytopenia, low haemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, low albumen, hypofibrinogenemia,hypertriglyceridemia, high ALT, high AST, high LDH and high SF. 4 of the 5 children with FLH died, and 1 gave up treatment. 20 children were improved(17 cases were cured and 3 were undergoing treatment), 10 cases succumbed(7 could not be administrated after treatment and 3 gave up) and 2 cases relapsed. 12 children(9 affected with EBV) had no improvement. The improvement rate in familial group was significantly lower than that of the acquired group(X2=5.30, P0.05). And the improvement rate in EBV infection group was lower than that in non-EBV infection group in the children with acquired hemophagocytic syndrome(X2=4.80, P0.05). Conclusion:Prompt diagnosis of HPS in children and identify the cause may be of great importance to the treatment and prognosis of HPS.
The effects of elevated salinity on river herring embryo and larval survival

River herring (Alewives; Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring; Alosa aestivalis) populations have undergone dramatic declines in recent years. Although the exact causes for these population declines are unclear, evidence suggests that factors such as habitat loss and dam construction may prevent upstream migration to spawning grounds, resulting in river herring spawning below the head of tide. As below the head of tide spawning may prematurely expose river herring embryos and larvae to saline environments, a series of experiments were conducted to determine the effect of elevated salinity on embryonic and larval survival. Embryos of both species were acutely exposed to salinities of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g/L as well as to simulated tidal salinity fluctuations, and survival was assessed. Larvae (1–8 days post hatch; DPH) were acutely transferred to 2.5–30 g/L water, and survival was assessed after 24 h. Larvae (0–12 DPH) were also gradually acclimated to salinities ranging from 2.5–30 g/L, and survival assessed 24 h post exposure. Embryonic alewife survival was high (>97%) at salinities ≤10 g/L while blueback herring embryos displayed a wide salinity tolerance throughout the range. Embryos of both species exhibited high survival in tidal salinity exposures. Survival of acutely-transferred alewife and blueback herring larvae decreased with increasing salinity (>20 g/L). Both species were tolerant of high salinity conditions by 15 DPH. These experiments demonstrate that survival of river herring embryos and larvae may be possible in tidally-influenced areas, depending on the developmental stage and rate of salinity exposure.
Towards Implementation of an Integrated Clone Management Infrastructure

Despite more than two decades of research on software clones, a dependable integrated clone management system is still not available and active clone management has also remained far from industrial adoption. This paper proposes a design of an integrated clone management infrastructure and points to the challenges involved in realizing the design to a dependable implementation.
The Haitian Military Intelligence System

The study of civil-military relations must be carried out not only at the macro-sociological level, where the army and civil society are seen as two distinguishable entities, but also at the micro-sociological level, that is, where the interactions and relations of specific units of the army with segments of civil society are examined.1 The focus here on the intelligence component of the army — as it has evolved from the withdrawal of the US occupation forces in 1934 to the election of a civilian, Father Jean Bertrand Aristide, as president in 1990 — allows us to study the interaction at various levels between that unit and the non-military intelligence sector of the Haitian government and the civilian government at large.
Glial Modulation of Sleep and Electroencephalographic Rhythms

Glial brain cells are nonexcitable cells of the central nervous system. They have historically been considered to serve purely supportive brain functions and play no direct role in behavior or brain activity. Glial effects on these processes were thought to stem indirectly from glial-mediated processes (e.g., neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism). Glial cells also secrete a number of substances that can directly influence neuronal excitability and cortical EEG activity. In this chapter, I review what is known about glial regulation of sleep and brain activity. I begin with a brief overview of past findings, which suggested that glia influence sleep and wakefulness. This is followed by a review of new data that provide more direct evidence that glia mediate brain activity changes associated with sleep.