cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advanced epitaxial Si and GexSi1-x multiprocessing for semiconductor device technologies

A single-wafer multiprocessing technology has been developed based on the use of lamp heating and remote microwave plasma process energy sources for fabrication of in-situ -doped homoepitaxial Si and heteroepitaxial Si/Ge x Si 1− x multilayer structures via chemical-vapor deposition. Some effective low-temperature (650°–800°C) processes were developed for in-situ pre-epitaxial growth surface cleaning. These chemical cleaning processes employ GeH 4 + H 2 or GeH 4 + H 2 + (HF or HCl) gas mixtures with very small GeH 4 -to-H 2 gas flow rate ratios. Multilayer heteroepitaxial structures with controlled doping and Ge fractions consisting of strained Ge 4 Si 1− x layers were fabricated and characterized.
Drug preference as a function of arousal and stimulus screening.

The sedating and arousing central nervous system effects of drugs have long been inferred to be a factor in their illicit use and abuse. The present study provides evidence to support this contention; specifically, preference for a particular drug is, in part, a function of arousal-seeking and stimulus-screening characteristics. In general, the results suggest that individuals who prefer central nervous system stimulants tend to have greater arousal-seeking tendencies and lower external stimulus screening ability than those who prefer central nervous system depressants. Opiate preferrers aligned more closely with stimulant preferers than alcohol groups. Preferrers of hallucinogens were higher in internal stimulus screening than all other drug preference groups. Trait anxiety does not appear to be related to arousal seeking or to preference for arousing or sedating drugs.
The differential prevalence of obesity and related behaviors in two vs. four-year colleges.

The objective of this study was to determine whether obesity prevalence and weight-related behaviors (e.g., diet, physical activity) differ among students enrolled in 2-year community/technical colleges and those attending 4-year colleges/universities. This information could inform the development of intervention strategies. Through an existing surveillance system of Minnesota postsecondary education institutions, survey data were collected from 16,539 students from 27 campuses (14 two-year college campuses, 13 four-year college/university campuses; 2007-2008), including self-reported physical activity, media use, dietary patterns, weight control behaviors, height, and weight. Unadjusted analyses indicated that students enrolled in 2-year colleges, particularly females, had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, lower levels of physical activity, more television viewing, higher intakes of soda, fast food, and diet pills compared to students attending 4-year colleges (P < 0.05). Females attending 4-year colleges were more likely to engage in certain unhealthy weight control behaviors (taking diet pills, binge eating, self-induced vomiting) compared to females attending 2-year institutions. Among male students there were fewer differences between 2-year and 4-year colleges. Controlling for sociodemographic factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, age), most disparities in prevalence estimates remained, though many were attenuated. Overall, few young adults engage in weight-related behaviors consistent with national recommendations. Two-year college students may represent a particularly at-risk group. Disparities between 2- and 4-year college students exist beyond the sociodemographic differences in these populations. Effective weight-related interventions are needed for young adults, particularly females attending 2-year colleges and all males attending postsecondary institutions.
Generation of surface acoustic waves for general sensing applications

The technology of surface acoustic waves (SAW) is widely used in a number of applications, such as detection of surface cracks or flaws, touch-panels, and SAW filters. The propagation of SAWs on the surface of solid materials has been used to detect hidden cracks or other surface discontinuities in a medium. They are also readily attenuated when a soft object touches the surface of medium. For a piezoelectric material, SAWs can be generated using a transducer of interdigitated electrodes fabricated on the surface [Herbert Matthews]. However, most materials are non-piezoelectric. A method to produce SAWs on a non-piezoelectric material is to convert from bulk acoustic waves using the equivalence of SnelPs law in Optics. To satisfy the Snell's law, longitudinal bulk wave propagating in the acoustic prism must be slower than the SAWs on the non-piezoelectric material. This posts a challenge because the SAW velocity is approximately 60% of longitudinal wave velocity in the same material. It is very hard to find a material in which the longitudinal wave velocity is slow and the propagation loss is acceptable. Lucite is identified as meeting the low longitudinal wave velocity requirement. Acoustic right-triangle prisms with angles satisfying the Snell's law are made of Lucite. One right-angle face is bonded with a piezoelectric transducer and the hypotenuse face is bonded to a substrate such as soda-lime glass. Another transducer-prism assembly is also bonded to the glass to detect SAWs. The total loss from the transmitter to the receiver is measured. The SAW velocity is also measured and compared with calculated value. Besides Lucite, we search for other acoustic prism materials that have better CTE match and better acoustic impedance match to both the glass and the transducer. Bismuth and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) are possible candidates.
Field-circuit coupled formulation of transient phenomena in current transformers

A nonlinear, field-circuit coupled finite element model of a current transformer (CT) is presented for simulation of transient conditions. Saturation of core was taken into account by using actual B-H curve of the core material. Some geometrical simplifications were used so that 2-D simulations could be performed with reasonable accuracy. The formulation was realized using commercially available software and implemented for a metering class, 69 kV, 1200/5A current transformer. The normal operation and other cases, such as short-circuit on primary side and high voltage buildup during high burden, are presented. These cases demonstrate modeling flexibility of the field-circuit coupled formulation. The model can be easily extended to analyze other phenomena such as internal faults, inrush current in primary, mechanical behavior under short-circuit condition on the primary side, etc.
Development of an automated crash notification system: an undergraduate research experience

This paper reports on a multidisciplinary undergraduate research project to design, develop, and test a low cost automated crash notification system. The completed in-vehicle system combines wireless communications and Global Positioning Systems with a network of silicon accelerometers to detect a serious automotive collision and automatically summon Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to the crash site. The paper discusses the results of the development effort, the multidisciplinary nature of the project and the undergraduate team, and the challenge of balancing contractual commitments and ensuring a rewarding undergraduate research experience.
Rural Drug and Alcohol Treatment

SUMMARY This article reviews the literature related to rural alcohol and drug treatment aid presents data from the 1985 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Rural drug and alcohol treatment is largely ignored in the empirical literature. The limited literature is largely descriptive and focuses on needs for rural services. Rural services differ from urban services since providers offer a wider array of interventions which are more focused on outpatient services. Data from the National Household Survey analyzed for this paper indicate that drug use in rural areas is substantial These data show the use of alcohol in rural areas does not differ from urban areas. However, findings from these analyses do support other studies which report that marijuana and cocaine use are at lower levels in “truly” rural areas.
Development of an In Vivo Assay To Identify Structural Determinants in Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase Important for Fidelity

Error-prone DNA synthesis by retroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs) is a major contributor to variation in retroviral populations. Structural features of retroviral RTs that are important for accuracy of DNA synthesis in vivo are not known. To identify structural elements of murine leukemia virus (MLV) RT important for fidelity in vivo, we developed a D17-based encapsidating cell line (ANGIE P) which is designed to express the amphotropic MLV envelope. ANGIE P also contains an MLV-based retroviral vector (GA-1) which encodes a wild-type bacterial beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) and a neomycin phosphotransferase gene. Transfection of ANGIE P cells with wild-type or mutated MLV gag-pol expression constructs generated GA-1 virus that was able to undergo only one cycle of viral replication upon infection of D17 cells. The infected D17 cell clones were characterized by staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal), and the frequencies of inactivating mutations in lacZ were quantified. Three mutations in the YVDD motif (V223M, V223S, and V223A) and two mutations in the RNase H domain (S526A and R657S) exhibited frequencies of lacZ inactivation 1.2- to 2.3-fold higher than that for the wild-type MLV RT (P < 0.005). Two mutations (V223I and Y598V) did not affect the frequency of lacZ inactivation. These results establish a sensitive in vivo assay for identification of structural determinants important for accuracy of DNA synthesis and indicate that several structural determinants may have an effect on the in vivo fidelity of MLV RT.
Incorporating Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences into Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Curricula

A continuous effort within an undergraduate university setting is to improve students’ learning outcomes and thus improve students’ attitudes about a particular field of study. This is undoubtedly relevant within a chemistry laboratory. This paper reports the results of an effort to introduce a problem-based learning strategy into the analytical chemistry laboratory curricula at North Carolina Central University. This study involved a total of 48 science major students who were taking two analytical chemistry courses, namely Quantitative Chemical Analysis and Instrumental Analysis, spanning Fall 2011 to Spring 2015. Course-based undergraduate research experiences or CUREs have been systematically incorporated into the laboratory components of these two consecutive analytical courses in Fall 2014 and Spring 2015 semesters. Each CUREs project involved identifying a problem, locating an appropriate method via literature search, designing a study, collecting samples, measuring variables, analyzing data, and p...
Be Careful Where You Live When You Die: Termination of Copyright Transfers and the Road to Marriage Equality

Copyright law gives a deceased author’s surviving spouse the right to terminate a transfer of copyright rights that the author made decades earlier. The spouse who recovers the author’s rights can, in many instances, negotiate a new transfer on more favorable terms. Because the statute grants this termination right to a deceased author’s widow or widower, copyright law must determine who qualifies as the author’s spouse, a question more familiar to family law than copyright law.Copyright’s termination provisions, from their enactment in 1978, have treated gay and lesbian authors with same-sex partners less favorably than authors with different-sex partners. The statute’s facially neutral language has, in practice, always treated authors with same-sex partners unequally because its marriage recognition rule has incorporated by reference unequal treatment of those couples by state and federal law. This unequal treatment has evolved over time, as some states allowed same-sex couples to marry, as Congress enacted the so-called Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), and as the Supreme Court struck down DOMA’s federal marriage recognition provisions in Windsor v. United States. But even after Windsor, copyright law still treats gay and lesbian couples unequally, so that an author with a same-sex spouse must be careful where she lives when she dies - if she is domiciled in a state that does not recognize her marriage, then copyright law will not recognize her surviving spouse.The Supreme Court’s decision later this year in Obergefell v. Hodges, challenging state prohibitions on marrying same-sex couples, could perpetuate, reduce, or largely eliminate copyright law’s remaining inequality. But even the most favorable Court decision for marriage equality would leave copyright law’s unequal treatment in place for authors - American and foreign - who live in most other countries in the world, as long as copyright’s statutory marriage recognition rule remains unchanged.
Interference by 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) in angiotensin I radioimmunoassay.

Abstract The angiotensinase inhibitor 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) interferes with peptide-antibody binding when certain sensitive antisera are used in angiotensin I radioimmunoassay systems. Three of nine antisera tested showed sufficient interference to produce serious errors in data obtained using these antisera together with BAL. For PRA determinations in human plasma, at both pH 5.7 and pH 7.3, relationships between different PRA's are altered, and results of renin stimulation tests are changed in unpredictable ways. Determination of renin concentration in rat plasma does not require use of BAL as inhibitor, and it is best avoided. For human plasma renin determinations, use of BAL-sensitive antisera should be avoided, since there is no satisfactory way to correct data for the resulting error. BAL itself, rather than its oxidation products, is probably the interfering substance. The interference appears to be due to an interaction between BAL and the BAL-sensitive antiserum. It is not related to the known actions of BAL as chelating or reducing agent.
The Siege and Fall of Tenochtitlan

The final stage of the military conquest of Mexico took place in roughly a year, between the arrival of the Spaniards in Tlaxcala on July 11, 1520, after their flight from Tenochtitlan and their destruction of the Mexica capital and the surrender of the last emperor Cuahtemoc on August 13, 1521. During the first ten of those thirteen months, both the Mexica and the Spaniards maneuvered to find allies and to muster their forces. These months were filled with campaigns and battles around the valley of Mexico. The final siege of Tenochtitlan lasted about three months (Bernal Diaz says ninety-three days). It ended with the fall of Tenochtitlan.
Impact of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation on protein aggregates stability.

Abstract The impact of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) on protein aggregate species is investigated with the aid of multiangle light scattering (MALS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The experimental parameters probed in this study include aggregate stability in different carrier liquids, shear stress (related to sample injection), sample concentration (during AF4 focusing), and sample dilution (during separation). Two anti-streptavidin (anti-SA) IgG1 samples composed of low and high molar mass ( M ) aggregates are subjected to different AF4 conditions. Aggregates suspended and separated in phosphate buffer are observed to dissociate almost entirely to monomer. However, aggregates in citric acid buffer are partially stable with dissociation to 25% and 5% monomer for the low and high M samples, respectively. These results demonstrate that different carrier liquids change the aggregate stability and low M aggregates can behave differently than their larger counterparts. Increasing the duration of the AF4 focusing step showed no significant changes in the percent monomer, percent aggregates, or the average M s in either sample. Syringe-induced shear related to sample injection resulted in an increase in hydrodynamic diameter ( d h ) as measured by batch mode DLS. Finally, calculations showed that dilution during AF4 separation is significantly lower than in size exclusion chromatography with dilution occurring mainly at the AF4 channel outlet and not during the separation. This has important ramifications when analyzing aggregates that rapidly dissociate ( d h s determined by online DLS generally agreed with AF4 theory except for the more well retained larger aggregates for which DLS showed smaller sizes. These results highlight the importance of using AF4 retention theory to understand the impacts of dilution on analytes.
Coming out in camouflage: A queer theory perspective on the strength, resilience, and resistance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender service members and veterans

ABSTRACTLesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) service members have made profound contributions to the U.S. military despite serving under anti-LGBT military policies. Little is known about their everyday acts of strength and resistance, which is vital information for developing strengths-based services. This article utilizes a queer theory framework to (a) discuss LGBT military contributions and anti-LGBT military policies, (b) explore three LGBT-specific military minority stressors, and (c) identify four strategies of strength and resistance used to manage an anti-LGBT military environment. Clinical suggestions are proposed for integrating military and LGBT identities and designing interventions that blend military and LGBT cultures.
Reclaiming a Mind: Commentary on Paper by Yvette Esprey

In exploring the problem of thinking in black and white we encounter the difficulty of maintaining our subjectivity as good racialized whites. This commentary follows the journey that Yvette Esprey takes us on to reclaim her thinking mind and reconstruct an authentic racialized self. In addition, this work expands on the concept of racism as a form of abjection in which the hated parts of self that are extruded paradoxically come to construct the self.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists

Patients with acute coronary syndrome and who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention are at a high risk for recurrent adverse cardiovascular events. There is a continuous search for an ideal antiplatelet medication that has a favorable risk benefit profile with a quick onset of peak action. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GP IIb/IIIa) were introduced with that precise idea in mind, that it is an intravenous antiplatelet agent with a rapid onset of action, which can be used to achieve maximal antiplatelet activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban are the three available intravenous GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors of which the latter two are small molecules. Initial trials that examined these agents were done in the balloon angioplasty era when P2Y12 receptor blocker use was not routine. These trials demonstrated a significant reduction in the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and urgent target vessel revascularization predominantly driven by a reduction in recurrent MI that included periprocedural events. There is a definite increase in major and minor bleeding with these agents which needs to be weighed against the potential benefits before initiating the drug. More contemporary trials that were done on patients who were adequately treated with P2Y12 inhibitors failed to recreate the initial results, but nevertheless there was still a significant reduction in ischemic events. There is still a role for these agents in patients with high-risk non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with heavy thrombus burden, particularly if they have not been adequately pretreated with P2Y12 inhibitors.
Effects of timing of signal indicating jump directions on knee biomechanics in jump-landing-jump tasks

A variety of the available time to react (ATR) has been utilised to study knee biomechanics during reactive jump-landing tasks. The purpose was to quantify knee kinematics and kinetics during a jump-land-jump task of three possible directions as the ATR was reduced. Thirty-four recreational athletes performed 45 trials of a jump-land-jump task, during which the direction of the second jump (lateral, medial or vertical) was indicated before they initiated the first jump, the instant they initiated the first jump, 300 ms before landing, 150 ms before landing or at the instant of landing. Knee joint angles and moments close to the instant of landing were significantly different when the ATR was equal to or more than 300 ms before landing, but became similar when the ATR was 150 ms or 0 ms before landing. As the ATR was decreased, knee moments decreased for the medial jump direction, but increased for the lateral jump direction. When the ATR is shorter than an individual's reaction time, the movement pattern cannot be pre-planned before landing. Knee biomechanics are dependent on the timing of the signal and the subsequent jump direction. Precise control of timing and screening athletes with low ATR are suggested.
Cosmic rays, aerosols, clouds, and climate: Recent findings from the CLOUD experiment

The Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment was created to systematically test the link between galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and climate; specifically the connection of ions from GCRs to aerosol nucleation and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the particles on which cloud droplets form. The CLOUD experiment subsequently unlocked many of the mysteries of nucleation and growth in our atmosphere, and it has improved our understanding of human influences on climate. Their most recent publication [Gordon et al., 2017] provides their first estimate of the GCR-CCN connection, and they show that CCN respond too weakly to changes in GCRs to yield a significant influence on clouds and climate.
Enabling Supply-Chain Coordination: Leveraging Legacy Sources for Rich Decision Support

As supply chains come under escalating pressure for responsiveness to customer demands as well as cost pressures, there is increased scope for decision support models to enhance coordination of supply chain activities. However, enhanced coordination implicitly requires sharing information about costs, production capacity, materials availability, delivery schedules, etc. This information is currently stored in a panoply of legacy information systems distributed across the many firms that comprise a given supply chain. As such, accessing useful information presents considerable technical challenges, effectively limiting the deployment of decision support tools for supply chain operations. The purpose of this chapter is to present the research issues and approaches to accessing or integrating data in legacy information systems. Current industry approaches to information integration, including information hubs and Web Services technologies, are briefly reviewed and critiqued as useful but inadequate to the task of integrating data stored in legacy systems. Recommended requirements for new methods include rapid deployment, ability to connect to heterogeneous legacy systems, composition of knowledge for decision support, and provision for secure data access. These requirements motivate a review of the research literature on knowledge extraction and composition. As an example of new methods built from current research, an integrated toolkit known as SEEK: Scalable Extraction of Enterprise Knowledge is presented. Capabilities and limitations of the SEEK toolkit are used to suggest novel areas of research in visualization and representation of data for human refinement of automatic integration results, as well as further development of evolutionary algorithms to enhance the scope of automatic knowledge extraction. Throughout the chapter, an example of a construction industry supply chain is used to motivate discussion.
Thermal and flow characteristics of helical coils with reversed loops

Abstract In this experimental study, flow and heat transfer characteristics of water through a newly designed helical coil heat transfer test section were investigated. A structural modification of the traditional helical coil has been implemented to improve its thermal effectiveness. Specifically, a 360° plastic reversed loop was added after each 180° of the main helical coil loop to redistribute the flow’s velocity profile, which should have a direct effect on the thermal performance of the helical coil heat transfer test section. Results reveal that reversed loops do enhance heat transfer rates by more than 20%, while pressure drop penalty also increases but not at the same rate. The curvature of the reversed loops with respect to the main coil is a critical factor in terms of thermal performance. Furthermore, as the size of the reversed loop decreases, the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty increment for the modified helical coil test section increase as well. Accordingly, it is suggested that there may exist an optimum helical coil structural modification for which the best tradeoff between pressure drop penalty and heat transfer enhancement can be found.
Silos of International Law: Occupation and Forced Migration

Using the United States occupation of Iraq as a case study, this chapter asks what international law has to say about state responsibility for forced migrants in situations of occupation. The legal status of these migrants is governed by at least three special regimes: international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and international refugee law. Each of these special regimes has something to say about the protection of migrants forcibly displaced by occupation, but none speaks adequately to the question of the occupying power’s responsibilities for such migrants. This chapter explores the international legal silos created by narrowly-focused treaty regimes and static customary international law. It begins with a roadmap of current international law relevant to the question of international legal responsibility for forced migrants in situations of occupation, finding three relevant bodies of law but no clear answers. The chapter then examines actions of the United States that demonstrate at least some belief in the occupying power’s responsibility to protect forced migrants in situations of occupation. It concludes by discussing the problem of international legal silos more broadly and suggests methods for bringing greater coherence to this and other areas of international law.
Point-Spread-Function (PSF) Characterization of a 340-GHz Imaging Radar Using Acoustic Levitation

In this paper, resolution characterization and beam analysis of a 340-GHz imaging radar are demonstrated by means of a point-spread-function (PSF) study by imaging an acoustically levitated point-like target. It is shown that at terahertz frequencies, conventional PSF measurement techniques are limited by the presence of strong scattering response of background objects, such as suspension threads, within the imaging field-of-view (FOV). Using acoustic levitation, it is possible to eliminate secondary objects within the FOV and achieve a pure PSF characterization of the radar. It is shown that the PSF patterns obtained using acoustic levitation exhibit high fidelity and are free from artifacts. We demonstrate this using a small water droplet suspended in air at the focus of the 340-GHz radar. The measured PSF characteristics of the radar are in excellent agreement with physical optics (PO) simulations and analytical results.
Urinary pepsinogen zymogram in gastrectomized patients. What is the source of these proteases

Urinary proteolytic activity and agar gel electrophoresis was done 3 months after complete gastrectomy in 7 patients, and the findings compared with those in 25 presumably normal subjects. It was found that 6 of the 7 gastrectomized patients showed proteolytic activity in the urine and that this enzymatic activity appeared as two or three bands on agar gel electrophoresis. The source of these pepsinogens is speculative.
The Need to Belong: An Exploration of Belonging Among Urban Middle School Students

This study explored the subjective perspectives of the affective, behavioral, and familial dimensions of belonging among urban middle school students through the use of Q methodology. Three viewpoi...
Identifying Rare Variant Associations in Admixed Populations

An admixed population and its ancestral populations bear different burdens of a complex disease. The ancestral populations may have different haplotypes of deleterious alleles and thus ancestry-gene interaction can influence disease risk in the admixed population. Among admixed individuals, deleterious haplotypes and their ancestries are dependent and can provide non-redundant association information. Herein we propose a local ancestry boosted sum test (LABST) for identifying chromosomal blocks that harbor rare variants but have no ancestry switches. For such a stable ancestral block, our LABST exploits ancestry-gene interaction and the number of rare alleles therein. Under the null of no genetic association, the test statistic asymptotically follows a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom (1-df). Our LABST properly controlled type I error rates under extensive simulations, suggesting that the asymptotic approximation was accurate for the null distribution of the test statistic. In terms of power for identifying rare variant associations, our LABST uniformly outperformed several famed methods under four important modes of disease genetics over a large range of relative risks. In conclusion, exploiting ancestry-gene interaction can boost statistical power for rare variant association mapping in admixed populations.
The Plight of the Honeybee: A Socioecological Analysis of large‐scale Beekeeping in the United States

This article offers a socioecological analysis of the plight of the honeybee. Departing from natural sciences explanations of the chronic health issues observed in managed honeybees the proposed socioecological analysis focuses on some of the social dimensions of the problems. Specifically, the article first looks at how the cultural disdain for insects is combined with toxic agricultural practices to make bees’ lives challenging. Then it focuses on large‐scale commercial beekeepers and links the fate of managed honeybees to their commodification. Forced to adapt to increasing environmental and economic pressures, beekeepers have developed new management practices intended to keep bees alive and produce as many as possible in order to stay in business and fulfil pollination demand. Their new concern for best management practices fails to foster global changes in agriculture, subsequently compromising their own fate with that of their bees. Honeybees and beekeepers are both affected by the current agricultural model designed for profitability rather than health. The paper builds on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of 45 large‐scale commercial beekeepers and scientists and participant observation, beekeeping magazines and materials available online.
The role of fuel chemistry in dictating nanostructure evolution of soot toward source identification

Laser derivatization is proposed as a diagnostic technique toward identifying the sources contributing to combustion produced soot. Fuel chemistry and the resultant oxygen content in nascent soot h...
The 2014 Ngolog Mitmit: A Case Study Examining Public and Private Heritage in Yap State, FSM

This article provides an ethnographic case study of heritage processes in action that were observed and recorded during fieldwork in 2013 and 2014 on the Main Islands of Yap State—the westernmost state of the Federated States of Micronesia. A description will be provided of a historic traditional gathering known as a mitmit which from the day it was decided upon activated the transmission of cultural heritage knowledge and practices throughout Yap’s Main Islands. By examining the mitmit, the event’s significance for Yapese stakeholders, and how the U.S. National Park Service was indirectly involved, several findings emerge. It is found that the planning, organization and performance of the mitmit assisted in preserving elements of Yapese cultural heritage that local stakeholders identified as most valuable and in need of safeguarding. The case study also supports the continuing utility of Chambers’ (2006) public and private heritage constructs, especially when evaluating heritage practices within indigenous contexts where the preservation of intangible cultural heritage is often a more critical concern. The analysis suggests that more attention should be devoted to identifying how public heritage interventions can activate private heritage practices, thereby mitigating the hegemonic effects of Smith’s (2004) authorized heritage discourse (AHD).
Commoning and Tribes of Competence

This article envisions the future work environment of lawyers, both as private individuals and as professional service providers. I believe that the current practice of acting as ‘lone wolf’ and ‘optimizing in isolation’ will be replaced by new ways of collaboration in tribes of competence that transcend organizational borders. The term commoning describes the self-governed people (commoners) using shared resources (commons) (Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (1990)) such as public farmland, shared cars or jointly used technical infrastructures. For the legal profession, the Common Legal Platform (CLP) could be such a common resource which is governed by the users themselves under a framework of standardized legal content, practices and processes, including services, collaboration and technical interoperability. Just like the homo sapiens and the whole history of mankind is characterized by increasing collaboration, so the legal industry will enter a phase of increased coopetition in which lawyers will turn into tech savvy representatives of homo digitalis.
Hypoparathyroidism: An Uncommon Complication Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

As immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs are being used in the treatment of some cancers, unusual adverse events are being reported, labeled as immune-related adverse events. Various endocrinopathies related to immune-related adverse events have been described, among which hypoparathyroidism is exceedingly rare. We report a case of hypoparathyroidism induced by immune checkpoint drugs, highlighting the need for awareness of this emerging complication.
Reconstruction of the Anterior Acetabular Wall to Repair Symptomatic Defects Consecutive to Cup Malpositioning at Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Iliopsoas impingement (IPI) causes persistent groin pain and functional impairment after total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is caused most often by an overhang of the cup. Psoas tenotomy may successfully treat IPI in overhangs
The Residency Selection Process in the New World; Time for a Rethink

The transition of the USMLE to a pass fail system provides a unique opportunity to re-evaluate the residency selection process.
Fulfilling Our Mission: Service-Learning at Miami-Dade Community College

If you were to ask what Miami-Dade Community College does, I would reply that our fundamental purpose is to preserve democracy. We make it possible for thousands of people to gain a college education, people who would otherwise be excluded from higher education, and their education makes it possible for them to become active, committed, and productive citizens. Miami-Dade Community College maintains an open door policy to all who want to further their education, buttressed by a firm belief in every student’s right to succeed. We believe that we are the “people’s college,” and that we play a vital role in preserving our American way of life, our democracy, and the individual visions of freedom that our country’s name evokes for so many. We believe that every single individual who wants to attend college should have the opportunity to do so, and we couple that with a commitment to providing them the guidance and structure they need to not only attend but to also succeed.
Evaluating the Potential Impact of Blending on Product Consistency

This case study, involving a continuous processing operation of a plastic material, provides a simple, intuitively attractive evaluation of the potential reduction in variability that can be achieved by blending materials after production. The evaluatio..
New process to fabricate heat assisted magnetic recording media with extremely small grain size

A new process to fabricate FePt granular media for heat assisted magnetic recording, named as Embedded Mask Pattering (EMP) process, was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this process, a granular hard mask layer (Ru-SiO 2 ) was deposited on top of a L1 0 FePt continuous layer. The granular pattern of the mask layer was then transferred down to the FePt layer using a dry etching process. Unlike any conventional media fabrication process, in this new media fabrication process the granular structure of FePt layer is only defined by the mask layer while its magnetic properties are determined by the FePt continuous film. Since achieving good magnetic properties is separated from manipulating the granular structure for this process, the mean grain size and size distribution of FePt HAMR media can be extremely small by optimizing the mask layer and pattering transfer process, while keeping its good magnetic performances. This process is potentially compatible to today's disk media production line.
Galaxies and Their Evolution

The methods by which the masses and mass-to light ratios of galaxies are determined from the velocity dispersions of stars and from dynamical studies of clusters of galaxies are outlined. It is concluded that while small clusters give no evidence for “missing mass” there is a discrepancy of about a factor of 5 in the case of large clusters. At present it is not clear whether the extra mass lies in extended envelopes of the luminous galaxies or whether it lies in a background sea of low luminosity objects not bound to any particular galaxy. Next an account is given of simple theoretical ideas on the evolution of the chemical composition of galaxies. Particular attention is drawn to the role played by the initial mass function in determining the yield — the efficiency with which evolving stars convert interstellar hydrogen into heavy elements.
Social Network Interventions with the Elderly

This paper presents a teaching and in-service training model for practitioners who provide services to the aging. The emphasis is on helping trainees to understand and to utilize the concepts of social networks and social support in their work with the elderly. The model was developed and tested through a statewide training program conducted by the authors under contract with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Aging. The benefits and limitations of utilizing this model are reviewed and evaluated. The important of transferring findings to practice through in-service training strategies are also discussed.
Some Thoughts on the Double-Stranded Model of Deoxyribonucleic Acid1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the twin-stranded helical structure of DNA has had a tremendous impact on contemporary research and thinking in biology and biochemistry. The most provoking aspect of the proposed structure is that it furnishes a persuasive insight into the chemical mode of biological replication and the transcription of genetic information. The chapter describes that double-stranded molecules of DNA show a greater stability to such mutagenic agents as heat, radioactive decay, and nitrous acid than to those not possessing such a structure. Twin-stranded forms might have a superior evolutionary survival value, and natural selection may be based, in part, on the differential stabilities of the two forms. The hereditary determinants of higher organisms may well be associated with DNA containing singly, doubly, or multiply stranded forms. The analytical data on chromatographically separated fractions of DNA from calf thymus also indicate such possibilities. The fact that deoxyribonucleases with specificities for single-stranded DNA exist may imply the occurrence of this type of nucleic acid in nature.
Does Sarcopenia Impact Complications and Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Radical Nephrectomy for Stage III and IV Kidney Cancer

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the association of sarcopenia (muscle mass wasting) with complications and survival in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for advanced kidney cancer. Patients and Methods: We identified 137 patients with stage III and IV kidney cancer who underwent radical nephrectomy between 2008 and 2012. Preoperative cross-sectional imaging was used to measure total psoas area (TPA) at the level of L3 and controlled for height (m2). Sarcopenia was identified as TPA in the lowest gender-specific quartile. Patient characteristics and postoperative complications were compared between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve estimates were generated for overall and gender-specific survival. Results: Preoperative cross-sectional imaging was available for 128 patients (93%, 85 men and 43 women). Mean TPA for men was 5.49 cm2/m2 versus 4.27 cm2/m2 for women (P < 0.05). Sarcopenia was associated with risk of Clavien grade III or higher complication (P = 0.03) and ...
Estimation of Serum Apolipoprotein B by a Modified Homogeneous Assay for HDL-Cholesterol,

Serum lipoprotein analysis frequently is used in assessing the risk for coronary artery disease and for monitoring cholesterol-lowering therapy (1)(2). A recent improvement in the analysis of lipoproteins is the development of homogeneous assays for HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (3)(4) that are easier to perform because they do not require the physical separation of the apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins by precipitation and centrifugation. The measurement of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoB, the principal protein on LDL, is also useful for estimating the risk for cardiovascular risk (1)(2). An isolated increase in apoB in the absence of increased total cholesterol and LDL-C is diagnostic for a risk condition called hyperapoB-lipoproteinemia (5). We describe a simple modification of an antibody-based commercial homogeneous assay for HDL-C (EZ-HDL; Sigma Diagnostics) that in addition to measuring HDL-C, also provides an estimate of the apoB concentration. In step 1 of the EZ-HDL assay, an anti-apoB antibody is added, which binds to the surface of the apoB-containing …
Building bridges: the emerging field of cardio-oncology

*Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building A, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; smallik@emory.edu Susmita Parashar* speaks to Ellen Clarke, Commissioning Editor: Susmita Parashar is the Director, Winship at Emory Cardio-oncology Program at Emory University and is Associate Professor of Cardiology at Emory, and a cardiovascular outcomes researcher. Her research focuses on the role of clinical and biological factors in explaining outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in special high-risk population such as cancer and women. She has directed several clinical, translational, epidemiological and outcomes studies in cardiovascular patients. She has received several grants and awards including the Mentored Clinical Research Career Development Awards (K-12 and the K23) from the National Institute of Health and the Scientist Development Award (National) from the American Heart Association. Dr Parashar serves on the steering committee for the International Cardio-Oncology Society (ICOS), and is a member of the guidelines committee to develop a best practice consensus document for cardio-oncology at ICOS. She is also a steering committee member for the national cardio-oncology fellowship development as part of ICOS. She also serves on many professional organizations and committees at the institutional and national level including the Winship Cancer Institute Board. Dr Parashar has authored/coauthored over 60 peerreviewed publications, including invited textbook chapters, manuscripts, abstracts and review articles. Her work has been published in such prestigious journals as the New England Journal of Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine and Circulation, and highlighted by the Nature and national media such as CNN, CBS and NPR news.
Construal-Level Effects on Preference Stability, Preference-Behavior Correspondence, and the Suppression of Competing Brands

Construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003) suggests that construal level––or the degree of abstractness of mental representations––increases with temporal, spatial, or sensory distance. Three experiments show that the mere presence of a set of target brands at the time a choice is made encourages consumers to represent the brands in memory in terms of concrete lower-level construals. Consequently, preference stability is higher, preference-behavior consistency is greater, and product category-identification latencies for competing brands are slower. Furthermore, the mere presence of target brands at the time of choice affects preference-behavior consistency independent of the effects of direct experience. Implications for an understanding of spontaneous preference formation, preference representation, and preference elicitation are discussed.
Computational studies on the ring openings of cyclopropyl radical and cyclopropyl cation

Abstract Three computational methods – B3LYP, CASPT2//CASSCF, and CCSD(T) – and three basis sets – 6-311G(2d), cc-pVTZ, and cc-pVQZ – are compared for the ring opening of cyclopropyl radical to allyl radical. The same comparison is made for the ring opening of cyclopropyl cation, except that MP2 is used instead of CASPT2//CASSCF. Good agreement is found among the calculations, and with most but not all experimental data. The ring opening of the radical is found to be topologically disrotatory and nominally forbidden, with a barrier of 90 kJ/mol. However, cyclopropyl cation is found to be a transition state with consequently no barrier to ring opening.
Inhibition of clonogenic growth of melanoma cells by combination of melanocyte stimulating hormone and theophylline.

The combination of MSH and theophylline is synergistic in inhibiting the growth as well as stimulating the differentiation of pigmented melanoma cells. In order to determine if a permanent alteration in the proliferative potential of these cells was achieved, we examined the effect of MSH and theophylline alone and in combination upon the plating efficiency and tumorigenicity of S-91 Cloudman melanoma cells. Following treatment with the combination of MSH and theophylline, the cells became deeply pigmented and had their colony forming ability reduced to 28% of control. Neither MSH or theophylline alone although effective in reducing the growth rate of the cells, caused a significant reduction in clonogenic growth. When cells were pretreated with MSH and theophylline alone or in combination and reinjected into mice, the combination of MSH and theophylline caused a significant reduction in percentage of animals developing tumor (reduced to 14% of control). Cells treated with either MSH or theophylline alone were similar in their tumorigenic potential to control cells. These effects were selective since the nonmelanocytic control cells, mouse fibroblast L929 and Chinese hamster ovary when treated similarly did not exhibit any alteration in their clonogenic potential. The treatment of responsive cells with the combination of MSH and theophylline is capable of causing permanent. decrease in the proliferative potential of murine melanoma cells and may have relevance to the treatment of this disease in man.