cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Generation Dopaminergic Agents. 6. Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of a Series of 4-(Aminoethoxy)indole and 4-(Aminoethoxy)indolone Derivatives Based on the Newly Discovered 3-Hydroxyphenoxyethylamine D2 Template

A series of 4-(aminoethoxy)indoles 7 and a related series of 4-(aminoethoxy)indolones 8 were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity for both the high- and low-affinity agonist states (D2High and D2Low, respectively) of the dopamine (DA) D2 receptor. The 4-aminoethoxy derivatives (i.e., 7 and 8) were designed as bioisosteric analogues based on the phenol prototype 4. The indolones 8 were observed to have high affinity for the D2High receptor. Comparison of their previously reported chroman analogues with the more flexible 4-(aminoethoxy)indoles revealed the chroman analogues to be more potent, whereas little loss in D2High affinity was observed when comparing the 4-(aminoethoxy)indolones with their respective chroman analogues. Several regions of the phenoxyethylamine framework were modified and recognized as potential sites to modulate the level of intrinsic activity. A conformational analysis was performed and a putative bioactive conformation was proposed which fulfilled the D2 agonist pharmacopho...
Isolation and characterization of presumed 3,5-diribosyluracil☆

Abstract A substance, presumed to be 3,5-diribosyluracil, was isolated (a) from commercial uridine, and (b) as a by-product during the enzymic synthesis of 5-ribosylisocytosine and isocytidine. The effects of ultraviolet irradiation and reactivation on this substance as compared to similar studies with 3,5-dimethyluracil and 3-methyl-5-ribosyluracil, as well as chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and studies on the nature of the carbohydrate component, offer evidence for the structure of 3,5-diribosyluracil. When this substance was incubated with extracts from (a) Penicillium brevi-compactum and (b) Ehrlich's ascites cells, the reaction products were uridine and 5-ribosyluracil. This further confirmed its structure as 3,5-diribosyluracil as well as its role as an intermediate in the conversion of 5-ribosyluracil ⇄ uridine.
Abstract 492: Identification of a novel complex MUC1/CIN85 involved in invasion and migration of breast cancer cells

MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein abnormally expressed in human adenocarcinoma. The extracellular domain of MUC1 contains a variable number of tandem repeats 20aa in length (VNTR region) which is fully glycosylated in normal epithelia and underglycosylated in tumor cells. We recently demonstrated that tumor form of MUC1 increases the accessibility of the VNTR peptide backbone to other proteins thus affecting protein-protein interactions and intracellular signaling. By using MALDI-TOF, we identified CIN85 as one of the proteins that bind the extracellular domain of MUC1. CIN85 is an adaptor protein involved in multiple cellular processes including signal transduction, vesicle-mediated transport, cytoskeleton remodelling, invasion and migration of cancer cells. Structurally, CIN85 contains three SH3 domains, a proline-rich region and a C-terminal coiled-coil region. The SH3 domain of CIN85 recognizes a specific sequence PXXAP that corresponds to the PDTRP sequence in the 20 amino acid tandem repeat in the MUC1 VNTR. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and confocal immunofluorescence confirmed that MUC1 and CIN85 co-localize in MUC1-transfected RMA (mouse T cell lymphoma) and IG10 (mouse ovarian carcinoma) cells and in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 that express endogenous MUC1 and CIN85. Subcellular protein fractionation revealed that CIN85 and MUC1 co-localize mainly at plasma membrane but also in the cytosol. To better understand the function of CIN85/ MUC1 complex we analyzed their expression by immunohistochemistry and confocal immunofluorescence in human tissue microarray (TMA) composed of 31 breast cancer samples and 5 adjacent normal tissue. Hypoglycosylated MUC1 and CIN85 are over-expressed and co-localize in early and advanced clinical stage of breast cancer. Interestingly, CIN85 and MUC1 were localized to invadopodia-like structures suggesting a potential role in cancer cell invasion. siRNA-mediated silencing of CIN85 and/or MUC1 revealed that MUC1 enhances CIN85-dependent cell invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. In contrast, ectopic expression of MUC1 reduces the motility induced by CIN85. In conclusion, our finding suggest that the novel complex CIN85/MUC1 play a critical role in invadopodia formation and have control on invasive and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 492. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-492
On Time-Periodic Flow of a Viscous Liquid past a Moving Cylinder

We show existence, uniqueness and spatial asymptotic behavior of a two-dimensional time-periodic flow around a cylinder that moves orthogonal to its axis, with a time-periodic velocity, v. The result is proved if the size of the data is sufficiently small, and the average of v over a period is not zero.
Structural and magnetic properties of nano-crystalline FePd alloys prepared by organo-metallic synthesis

Nanoparticles of FePd were synthesized using organo-metallic precursors. The crystallite sizes varied between 5 nm and 10 nm. Their magnetic and structural properties were investigated. Both cubic and tetragonal phases for FePd alloys were observed depending on the processing of the precursors. The magnetic moment per atom of the FePd alloy is about 1.5 μB.
Summer burrows of Ord's kangaroo rats ( Dipodomys ordii ) in western Nebraska: food content and structure

ABSTRACT. Extent of larder hoarding differs among species of kangaroo rats, and limited information is available for food stored in burrows by Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)—the most widespread species of Dipodomys. I excavated 9 burrows recently used by adult D. ordii during summer in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska. I observed only small quantities of food stored in burrows. Eight of 9 burrows contained segments of sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) in limited quantities. These segments consisted of upper leaves with fruits (containing seeds) housed in sheaths. My observations represent the first documentation of D. ordii storing food in burrows under natural conditions. Compared to the burrows of other species of kangaroo rat, burrows of D. ordii were simple in structure with 1 main tunnel and 1–3 entrances. In summer, Ord's kangaroo rats commonly harvest seeds from plants in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska, but individuals apparently do not store large quantities of food in burrows, which su...
Does it pay to go to the corners? An empirical evaluation of the bipolar view of exchange rate regimes

Abstract This paper provides the first empirical evidence for the controversial bipolar view, which suggests that countries should move towards the two corner regimes. My results show that, compared to intermediate regimes, the two corners are associated with significantly lower inflation.
The N-terminus, C-terminus, and vessel dilator of the ANF prohormone are present in the urine and increase with ventricular fibrillation

Summary The N-terminus consisting of amino acids (a.a.) 1–98 (i.e., proANF 1–98), C-terminus (i.e., ANF; a.a. 99–126) and midportion of N-terminus consisting of a.a. 31–67 (proANF 31–67; Vessel Dilator) of the 126 a.a. ANF prohormone were present in the urine in 5-to-8-fold increased concentrations versus their plasma concentrations in 6 dogs under basal conditions. With acute coronary occlusion the right atrial plasma concentrations of these peptides increased two-to-three-fold, while in the urine only proANF 31–67 increased (3.5-fold). Ventricular fibrillation caused a 4-to-10-fold increased secretion into the right atrial chamber with a simultaneous 3-to-4.7-fold increase in the urine of proANF 1–98, proANF 31–67, and ANF. This investigation demonstrates that proANF 1–98, proANF 31–67 and ANF are normally present in urine and increase in the urine with cardiac stimuli that cause their release from the heart.
Perspectives of multidimensional conformal radiation treatment

We consider the present technological advancement that underlies the implementation of computer-controlled conformal radiotherapy. We also consider the developments in modern biology that may provide input to therapy planning. The concept of multidimensional conformal radiotherapy is advanced, which integrates geometrical precision and biological conformality, to optimize the treatment planning for individual patients, with a view to improve the overall success of radiotherapy.
Optimization of ITER Central Solenoid Insert design

Abstract The United States ITER Project Office (USIPO) is responsible for fabrication of the Central Solenoid (CS) for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The CS Insert (CSI) project should provide a verification of the conductor performance in relevant conditions of temperature, field, currents and mechanical strain. The US IPO will build the CSI that will be tested at the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) Test Facility at JAEA, Naka. One of the design goals of the CSI is to assure that the properties of the conductor near the median plane are measured accurately. Since Nb3Sn is strain sensitive and electromagnetic forces generate a significant strain that increases the current sharing temperature ( T cs ), we need to design the Insert in such a way that the most strained conductor near the median plane would still have the lowest T cs of all the rest of the conductor in the Insert. The difference between thermal contraction of the jacket and spacer material allows controlling axial distribution of the coil radial deformation. Numerical analysis of the CSI was performed using stainless steel, titanium and invar spacer material variants. Distribution of the T cs was obtained from numerical results in the form similar to one proposed for ITER.
A Tribute to Fredric Stewart Fay: June 5, 1943 – March 18, 1997

Over a year has passed since Fred Fay suffered a fatal heart attack in Halle, Germany. At the time of his death he was in the laboratory of his host, Dr. Gerrit Isenberg, winding down after a week of presentations and meetings of the German Physiological and Cell Biology Societies. Because Fred could never stay out of touch with progress on his own science for very long, he was on the telephone to his laboratory at the University of Massachusetts when he was stricken. It is of some comfort to consider that, although he died far too young at the peak of an illustrious scientific career, his passing was as he might have chosen: in the afterglow of spirited scientific discourse in the company of respected colleagues.
Failure probability of laminated architectural glazing due to combined loading of wind and debris impact

Abstract Building facades are vulnerable to wind and wind-borne debris during extreme weather conditions like hurricanes. Laminated glazing is widely used as window glazing material to ensure the integrity of the building interiors. Wind-borne debris has been classified as small-hard and large soft missiles representing small gravel to large wooden bars that constitute the debris impacting the glazing during severe storms. Failure of laminated window glazing due to combined effect of wind and debris is studied. Stress analysis is done using finite element code ABAQUS. This is used in conjunction with a mechanics based statistical model to predict the cumulative probability of inner glass ply breakage in laminated glazing. A parametric study involving failure probability of inner glass ply for different geometry of laminated glazing is also performed.
Spatial expansion of the transport equation

Abstract The solution of the monoenergetic transport equation in slab geometry is expanded in terms of known spatial functions and unknown angular coefficients. Two general formalisms, a variational method and a moment-conservation method, are developed to obtain the necessary equations for the angular coefficients. The latter formalism is emphasized since it always yields neutron conservation. Further, it is shown that this formalism treats exactly any incident flux boundary condition, including the discontinuous vacuum boundary condition. For small systems with a highly peaked directional flux, a spatial expansion of the directional flux in integer powers of z (the spatial co-ordinate) is shown to yield extremely good results. Thus a polynomial expansion forms a complement to the widely used angular expansions, such as the P-N (spherical harmonic) method, which are most accurate for large systems with an almost isotropic directional flux. To emphasize the fact that the formalisms developed are applicable to any spatial expansion functions, the penetration (of a normal beam) problem is considered with exponential expansion functions. The analysis is shown to reduce to the exact transport result in all known limits.
Rest Mass of the Neutrino

The old problem of the neutrino mass is examined in the light of recent advances in BETA -decay physics. The role played bv the vanishing mass of the neutrino in the current theories of parity-nonconserving weak interactions is investigated. Modifications necessary in estimating the neutrino mass from the shape of the BETA spectrum when parity is not conserved are pointed out. It is shown that it is impossible to deteriaine the neutrino mass from the energy difference between the H/sup 3/-He/sup 3/ mass difference and the extrapolated end-point energy in the BETA decay of H/sup 3/, and that the recent results of Friedman and Smith based on such a subtraction procedure throw no light on the neutrino mass. (M.H.R.)
Evaluation of a role for phosgene production in the hepatotoxic mechanism of action of carbon tetrachloride and bromotrichloromethane

Abstract During aerobic incubations of rat liver microsomes containing a NADPH generating system, 1.54% of added carbon tetrachloride (14CCl4), and 3.05% of added Bromotrichloromethane (CBrCl3) could be recovered as the 2-oxothiazolidene-4-carboxylic acid derivative of phosgene. Actual nanomolar quantities of phosgene formed were very small in comparison to input concentrations of phosgene necessary to depress microsomal cytochrome P-450 and glucose-6-phosphatase. Cysteine had no statistically significant effect on covalent binding of 14CCl4 metabolites to either microsomal lipids or proteins. Furthermore, presence of cysteine had no protective effect against loss of cytochrome P-450, glucose-6-phosphatase, or the capacity of microsomes to sequester calcium ions, all of which losses occur in vitro as a result of the metabolism of either CCl4 or CBrCl3. The low level of phosgene production, the lack of any effect of cysteine on the degree of covalent binding of CCl4 metabolites, the failure of cysteine to afford any protection against CCl4- or CBrCl3-dependent loss of microsomal enzyme activity, and the relative ineffectiveness of phosgene itself as a microsomal poison argue against the possibility that formation of phosgene plays a significant role in the liver injury resulting from CCl4 or CBrCl3 intoxication. Our experiments, however, do not rule out the possibility that some phosgene production and subsequent toxicological action may occur in a hydrophobic microenvironment of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Energy Harvesting in Silicon Photonics

Two-photon absorption is the central problem in silicon photonic devices. Two-photon photovoltaic effect can be used to harvest the lost optical power into useful electrical power.
The tractable contribution of synapses and their component molecules to individual differences in learning

Abstract Though once of central importance to psychologists and neurophysiologists alike, the elucidation of neural substrates for individual differences in learning no longer attracts a broad research effort and occupies a place of largely historical interest to the contemporary disciplines. The decline in interest in this subject ensued in part from the perception, arrived at decades ago, that individual differences in learning were not quantified as easily as had once been presumed. Furthermore, the dominant hypotheses in the field defied testing within the constraints imposed by the complex and largely inaccessible vertebrate nervous system. Using a ‘model systems’ approach where the individual cells and synaptic interactions that comprise a neural network can be identified, we have returned to this question and have established a framework by which we can begin to discern the basis for much of the variability between individuals in their capacity to learn. In the marine mollusc Hermissenda , we have found that a common influence on transmitter exocytosis is expressed homogeneously throughout the nervous system regardless of transmitter system or receptor class. Though uniformly expressed within an individual, this influence on synaptic efficacy is differentially expressed between animals. Importantly, the basal efficiency of exocytosis expressed in an individual nervous system is strongly correlated with the degree to which activity-dependent forms of neuronal/synaptic facilitation can be induced in that nervous system, and predicts the capacity for the intact animal to learn a Pavlovian association. Furthermore, we have established that a decline in basal synaptic efficacy in aged animals, arising from chronic presynaptic Ca 2+ ‘leak’, may contribute to age-related learning impairments. Because certain fundamental components of the exocytotic cascade are conserved widely across cell types, transmitter systems and species, the principles that we describe may have broad implications for understanding normal variability in learning, but also, in the development of specific strategies to compensate for mild learning deficits and age-related cognitive decline.
Concentration dependence of the macroscopic magnetic anisotropy and of the ferrimagnetic line width in the gallium substituted europium iron garnet

Available experimental results on the dependence on concentration of the ferrimagnetic resonance of gallium substituted europium iron garnet, have been used to study the dependence on concentration of the macroscopic anisotropy constant K1 and the ferrimagnetic line width ΔH. Instead of employing a strict molecular field theory, the probabilities of finding different numbers of Fe ions that are first and third nearest neighbors to each Eu have been used to derive ΔH and K1. This method is an extension of the statistical treatment introduced by Nowik and Ofer to study the Mossbauer spectra of the same substituted garnets. The statistical theory gives a better description of the dependence of K1 on concentration than does a strict molecular field theory. Although the results obtained seem to indicate that the spin-lattice relaxation of Eu in EuIG is independent of the exchange field HH that measures the Fe–Eu interaction, these results do not seem conclusive enough to reject a relaxation rate proportional to H2ex.
Should we target patients with autoimmune diseases for human papillomavirus vaccine uptake

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of most cases of cervical cancer worldwide. Studies suggest that patients with autoimmune diseases (AD) may be at increased risk for persistent HPV infection, cervical dysplasia, and possibly, cervical cancer. Despite this heightened risk, and studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccine in this population, uptake among patients with AD, and in the overall population, remains low. A number of studies suggest that this may be attributed to lack of patient and provider awareness, no school-based requirement for vaccination, and a hesitancy to discuss sexually transmitted diseases with adolescents. Among patients with AD, access to preventive care in general may be reduced. Overall, heightened public health efforts are needed to improve HPV vaccination uptake in the entire population and among patients with AD who may be at increased risk for persistent infection and for cervical dysplasia.
Phosphatidate synthesis by sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase in pigeon liver particles

Abstract The properties of acyl-CoA: sn -glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) from pigeon liver particles have been studied. The apparent K m for sn glycerol 3-phosphate was 50 μM. Acyl-CoA inhibited the enzyme at concentrations exceeding 60 μM. This inhibition can be overcome by adding extra protein. The enzyme was inhibited by thiol-binding agents. Protection from thiol-binding agents is achieved by preincubation of the enzyme with acyl-CoA. The amount of the thiol group protected per mg enzyme protein was estimated by adding radioactive N - ethylmaleimide in the presence of glycerol phosphate. No evidence was obtained for required sulfhydryl groups other than those protected by acyl-CoA. In the presence of bovine serum albumin, several different acyl-CoA derivatives were esterified to sn -glycerol 3-phosphate at very similar rates.
Cut loci of submanifolds in space forms and in the geometries of Möbius and lie

The cut locus of a submanifold embedded properly in Euclidean space, hyperbolic space, or the sphere has an elementary description in terms of the set of maximal supporting balls of the submanifold. Three applications are given. The first is a proof that the topology of the cut locus of a submanifold is invariant when the submanifold is subjected to a Mobius transformation. The second is a simple method for constructing Riemannian manifolds which have a point whose cut locus is nontriangulable. The third is an investigation of the behavior of the cut locus when a submanifold of a sphere is subjected to a transformation of Lie Sphere Geometry.
Somatic diversification of antibody responses

The humoral immune response is the culmination of a complex series of cellular interactions and migrations that define specific pathways of antigen-driven B cell differentiation. There are about 5 x 10{sup 8} and 10{sup 12} B lymphocyte lineage cells in the mouse and human, respectively, after the immune system has been established. B lymphocytes perceive antigen in their environment by virtue of their surface receptors (B cell receptor; BCR), in which membrane-associated immunoglobulin (mIg) is the antigen recognition substructure and the associated Ig{alpha} and Ig{beta} molecules transduce the activation signal. mIgs have extensive structural homology to immunoglobulins which are secreted by differentiated daughter cells following antigen stimulation. The specificity of a given BCR or antibody is created by a programmed successive process of gene rearrangements, first of D to J segments, then of V to DJ segments of the Ig heavy (H)-chain gene loci, and finally, of V to J segments of the Ig light (L)-chain gene loci. V,D, and J elements are assembled in a enormous number of combinations; variability is further achieved at the break-points of joining segments, including the insertion of non-germline-encoded nucleotide (N)sequences at the borders of V(D)J points, hence the almost unlimited specificities of themore » B cells or antibody repertoire. 129 refs.« less
Molecular mechanisms of classical Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS)

Classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heritable disorder characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and abnormal wound healing. The majority of affected individuals have alterations in 1 of the 2 type V collagen genes, COL5A1 and COL5A2. The most common mechanism is COL5A1 haploinsufficiency due to instability of the transcript of one allele. In dermal fibroblasts from our population of 76 individuals with clinical features of classical EDS, there were 21 (29.5%) with decreased expression of one COL5A1 allele, consistent with published estimates of the frequency of null alleles. We identified the causative mutation in nine of these cell strains (mutations for seven others had been previously described), and found two nonsense mutations, five splice mutations, and two insertion/deletions. The same type of genomic change at splice sites can have different effects at the RNA level and the outcome could not be predicted from the primary genomic DNA alteration.
Developmental expression of rat insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor messenger ribonucleic acid.

We have examined the developmental pattern of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II)/mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor mRNA in various rat tissues from 20-day gestation fetuses and 20-day postnatal animals by Northern blotting and solution hybridization/RNase protection assays. The major mRNA species in all fetal and postnatal tissues was 9.0 kilobases. The rank order of receptor mRNA concentrations among the fetal tissues was heart greater than limb/muscle, lung, intestine, kidney, liver greater than brain, which agrees with the previously reported rank order of the tissue concentrations of receptor protein. The concentration of IGF-II/M6P receptor mRNA was significantly lower in postnatal tissues, again reflecting the relative levels of receptor protein in fetal and postnatal tissues. We measured IGF-II/M6P receptor mRNA copy number in fetal heart, the tissue with the highest concentration of receptor protein and mRNA, by including in the solution hybridization/RNase protection assay known amounts ...
Truncation of the C-terminal Tail of the Follitropin Receptor Does Not Impair the Agonist- or Phorbol Ester-induced Receptor Phosphorylation and Uncoupling

We have recently shown that addition of follitropin (FSH) or a phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)) to cells expressing the recombinant follitropin receptor (FSHR) results in both phosphorylation and uncoupling of the FSHR from adenylyl cyclase. In the light of findings reported with other G protein-coupled receptors we have proposed that phosphorylation of the FSHR mediates the uncoupling from adenylyl cyclase. The experiments described herein represent the first attempt to determine the location of the amino acid residues that become phosphorylated in FSHR and to test the hypothesis that phosphorylation is responsible for uncoupling of FSHR from adenylyl cyclase. As a first step in identifying which residues may be phosphorylated in response to hFSH and PMA, we constructed a mutant of the FSHR cDNA in which the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail was truncated at residue 635 (FSHR-t635), thus removing all but one of the potential phosphorylation sites present in the C-terminal tail. Cells expressing FSHR-t635 bind hFSH with the appropriate affinity and respond with increases in cAMP and inositol phosphate accumulation. The maximal cAMP and inositol phosphate responses of cells expressing FSHR-t635 are higher than those of cells expressing the wild type FSHR, but the concentration of hFSH required to elicit these responses is similar in both cell lines. Immunoprecipitation of FSHR-t635 shows that the truncated receptor is still effectively phosphorylated in response to hFSH or PMA. Phosphoamino acid analysis reveals that, like the wild-type FSHR, FSHR-t635 phosphorylation occurs on serine and threonine residues. Peptide mapping suggests that the phosphorylated residues in the FSHR and FSHR-t635 are located within the same areas of the intracellular regions of the receptors. In addition to stimulating phosphorylation of FSHR-t635, hFSH and PMA also effectively uncouple the truncated receptor from adenylyl cyclase. Taken together, these data show that hFSH and PMA can both phosphorylate and uncouple a FSH receptor species with a cytoplasmic tail truncated at residue 635.
The formation of cubic and monoclinic Y2O3 nanoparticles in a gas-phase flame process

Synthesis of phase-pure cubic and monoclinic Y2O3 nanoparticles (16–90 nm) was achieved in a gas-phase flame process. The effect of process parameters on the crystal structure of the Y2O3 nanoparticles was systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fuel gases, H2 or C2H4, at various flow rates, two yttrium precursors, an oxidant stream with varying degrees of N2 or Ar dilution and different burner diameters were used to examine the effects of chemical atmosphere, flame temperature, residence time and precursor concentration on the crystal structure of the synthesized Y2O3 nanoparticles. Regardless of the other process parameters, at diluent/O2 ratios of 0.25 or lower, monoclinic Y2O3 nanoparticles were obtained, whereas at diluent/O2 ratios of 1 or higher, cubic Y2O3 nanoparticles were obtained. A lower diluent/O2 ratio was related to higher flame temperature. Thermodynamic analyses suggest that high temperatures likely favour the formation of monocl...
Aspen Leaf Quality Mfects Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis

We assessed variation in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki toxicityagainst gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae reared on different aspen trees, and how such variation maybe linked to foliar chemistry, particularly phenolic glycosides. Larvae were reared on foliage from Five different trees. LD50 were determined using third instars and six doses of B. thuringiensis (Foray 48B). Results showed 100-foldvariation in B. thuringiensis toxicity for larvae reared on different trees. Chemical analyses of leaf material suggested that condensed tannins and perhaps phenolic glycosides affect B. thuringiensis toxicity. Feeding studies with artificial diets containing various levels of B. thuringiensis and phenolic glycosides confirmed that the secondary compounds can strongly enhance the efficacy of B. thuringiensis.
Research methodology in the postinformatic age

The widespread availability of computers and powerful software as commodities should offer new approaches to research methodology that both take advantage of extant tools and address new research questions prompted by the broad penetration of informatic resources into our society.
Comparison of implicit and symbolic implicit Monte Carlo line transport with frequency weight vector extension

We compare the implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) technique to the symbolic IMC (SIMC) technique, with and without weight vectors in frequency space, for time-dependent line transport in the presence of collisional pumping. We examine the efficiency and accuracy of the IMC and SIMC methods for test problems involving the evolution of a collisionally pumped trapping problem to its steady-state, the surface heating of a cold medium by a beam, and the diffusion of energy from a localized region that is collisionally pumped. The importance of spatial biasing and teleportation for problems involving high opacity is demonstrated. Our numerical solution, along with its associated teleportation error, is checked against theoretical calculations for the last example.
Statistical Analysis of Wide-Band Pseudorandom Matched Filter Sonars

A stochastic model of pseudorandom (PR) signals is adopted and a statistical analysis carried out of the velocity (i. e., Doppler) and acceleration tolerances of wide-band PR matched filter sonar systems. The reference functions for these correlation detection systems are considered to be time-compressed or time-expanded replicas of the transmitted signal. Results are derived for the case of a PR signal having a flat power spectral density over a finite bandwidth. It is shown that the velocity and acceleration tolerances are essentially independent of the signal bandwidth and that therefore the radar-derived expressions for the narrow-band tolerances can be extended to the wide-band sonar case. An interesting result is that the derived acceleration tolerance is approximately three times the widely used estimate that is based on the target remaining in the same Doppler channel over the integration time.
Concurrent Validation and Regression Line Comparison of the Spanish Edition of the Lollipop Test (La Prueba Lollipop) on a Bilingual Population

The need for a Hispanic edition of a culture-fair school readiness test was a major motivation for the development of the Spanish language edition of the Lollipop Test. The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the Spanish edition of the Lollipop Test as an appropriate alternative preschool assessment instrument for bilingual Hispanic children using the Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning-Revised (DIAL-R) as the criterion in a concurrent validity assessment. A strong multivariate relationship existed when preschoolers took one test, La Prueba Lollipop, in Spanish and another, the DIAL-R, in English (rcanonical = .793). These results support the concurrent validity of La Prueba Lollipop with bilingual Hispanic children. An additional analysis was made of the regression line comparison of the Spanish and English forms of The Lollipop Test using the DIAL as a criterion. No ethnic group bias was detected.
Postimperialism revisited: The Venezuelan wheat import controversy of 1986

Abstract Postimperialism is a class-analytical conception of international capitalism with implications for the behavior of transnational corporations (TNCs) in newly industrializing countries. It holds, inter alia, that TNCs will tend to act in accordance with an ideological “doctrine of domicile”: corporate managers are disposed to have each TNC subsidiary behave like a “good corporate citizen” of the host country where it is domiciled. This prediction runs directly counter to “imperialism” and “dependency” views of TNCs but has heretofore been examined only in the resource industries. In contrast, the present study involves the manufacture in a less developed country of food products from a raw material produced in the developed world. The study results in a strong confirmation of the “doctrine of domicile” idea and a refutation of the “imperialist” perspective. In addition, the observations of political bargaining modalities and outcomes reveal the nature and limits of TNC political influence over host-government decision making.
Preparation and properties of a polymer which selectively binds mercury(II)

Abstract A novel solid thio-ether based polymer has been prepared and shown to coordinate mercury(II) with a high degree of selectivity. The polymer reacts rapidly with 1 × 10−4 M mercuric ion, reducing the concentration of the free ion to 3 × 10−6 M. Under similar conditions only a very slight reaction could be detected with solutions of copper(II), lead(II) nickel(II) or cobalt(II).
Infrainguinal vein bypass graft revision: factors affecting long-term outcome.

Objectives We sought to determine the long-term results of revision procedures performed for repair of stenotic lesions in infrainguinal vein bypass grafts. Methods A retrospective review of 188 vein grafts, from a total series of 1260 bypasses, undergoing revision of stenotic lesions between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 2002, at Brigham & Women's Hospital was undertaken. Lesions were identified by recurrence of symptoms, change in examination findings, or with routine duplex ultrasound graft surveillance. Demographic and medical risk factors, and surgical variables were analyzed with respect to patency outcomes after the initial graft revision, with descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and life table analysis. Primary and secondary patency rates were determined from the time of graft revision. Results Patients included 108 men (57%) and 80 women (42%) who underwent revision at a mean age of 67.8 years. One hundred thirty grafts required only a single revision, whereas 58 required subsequent additional revisions. Revision procedures included 99 vein patches (52.7%), 23 jump grafts (12.2%), 23 interposition grafts (12.2%), 8 transpositions to new outflow vessels (4.3%), and 35 balloon angioplasty procedures (18.6%). During a mean follow-up of 1535 days, 5-year primary patency rate was 49.3% ± 4.5% (SE) and 5-year secondary patency rate was 80.3% ± 3.6%. There was no difference in patency rate for different revision procedures, type of vein graft, indication for the original procedure, or for patients with diabetes mellitus or renal disease. The overall limb salvage rate was 83.2% ± 3.5% 5 years after graft revision. With COX proportional hazard analysis of time to failure of the revision procedure, the outflow level of the original bypass and the time of revision proved to be an important predictor of durability of the graft revision. Revision of popliteal bypass grafts resulted in a 60% 5-year primary patency rate, whereas revision of tibial grafts resulted in a 42% 5-year primary patency rate ( P = .004; hazard ratio [HR], 2.06). Five-year secondary patency rates were 90% and 76%, respectively ( P = .009; HR=3.43). The timing of the graft revision proved an additional predictor. Grafts revised within 6 months of the index operation had lower primary patency than those with later revisions (42.9% vs 80.7%, respectively; HR=1.754; P = .0152). Conclusions Vein graft revisions offer durable patency and limb salvage rates after repair of stenotic infrainguinal bypass grafts. Vigilant ongoing surveillance is essential, because 30.9% of revised grafts will develop additional lesions that will require repair. Tibial level bypass grafts that require early repeat intervention to treat graft stenosis are at particular risk for development of subsequent lesions.
Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Heat on Some Characteristics of B-Lactoglobulin

Abstract Model systems of β -lactoglobulin AB in simulated milk dialysate plus 5% lactose were treated with hydrogen peroxide (.01 to .01%, w/v). Peroxide was dissipated with catalase before or after a heat treatment of 85C for 12min. No discernible changes in the composition and physical properties of the protein were encountered for samples subjected to hydrogen peroxide alone. However, when peroxide was present during the heat treatment, all the protein sulfhydryls were destroyed and partially (at .01% H 2 O 2 ) or totally (at .10% H 2 O 2 ), converted to cysteie acid. Methionine residues were reduced from 7 to 45% in the heated H 2 O 2 -containing samples. Neither methionine sulfoxide nor methionine sulfone was detected in the amino acid chromatograms. Turbidity measurements and acrylamide gel electropherograms indicated that presence of peroxide during heat treatment inhibited aggregation of β -lactoglobulin. Nonprotein nitrogen determinations on heated samples indicated that there was no significant breakdown in the peptide chain.
Approach to the prostate cancer patient with bone disease.

Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy in men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly used in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer and is associated with significant bone loss and fractures. The greatest bone loss occurs during initiation of ADT. Men should have assessment of skeletal integrity with bone mineral density examination by dual x-ray absorptiometry of the hip and spine. Men with fragility fractures or osteoporosis by bone density should be considered for bisphosphonate therapy. Men with low bone mass may need antiresorptive therapy, depending on other risk factors. Men with a normal bone mineral density should be followed up closely with bone densitometry while on ADT. All men should receive preventive measures with calcium (1200 mg daily in divided doses), vitamin D (800–1000 IU/d), and weight-bearing exercise. Men should be evaluated for additional secondary causes of bone loss including vitamin D insufficiency. Guidelines are needed for androgen-induced bone loss screening and treatment.
Measurement of Dynamic Interfacial Tension by an Expanding Drop Tensiometer

Abstract An accurate, nonintrusive method is described to measure the dynamic tension of dilated liquid-liquid interfaces. In this method, the time-dependent pressure difference across the curved interface of an expanding spherical drop, immersed in the second immiscible phase, was measured as a function of time. A sensitive apparatus employing this principle was constructed. Experiments were performed with a drop of dodecane expanding in an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant. In such a system, the dynamic interfacial tension depends upon the adsorption kinetics of the surfactant. A diffusion/adsorption model was formulated to describe the transport and exchange of surfactant species with the interface and the bulk phases. The analytical solution for this model was in good agreement with experimental data. The experiment also provided a direct value of the Gibbs elasticity. The noninvasiveness and the direct measurement of the capillary pressure make this technique an attractive and powerful tool.
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Among Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review

We conducted a systematic review of studies examining risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes among women with previous gestational diabetes. Our search strategy yielded 14 articles that evaluated 9 categories of risk factors of type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes: anthropometry, pregnancy-related factors, postpartum factors, parity, family history of type 2 diabetes, maternal lifestyle factors, sociodemographics, oral contraceptive use, and physiologic factors. The studies provided evidence that the risk of type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in women having increased anthropometric characteristics with relative measures of association ranging from 0.8 to 8.7 and women who used insulin during pregnancy with relative measures of association ranging between 2.8 and 4.7. A later gestational age at diagnosis of gestational diabetes, >24 weeks gestation on average, was associated with a reduction in risk of development of type 2 diabetes with relative measures of association ranging between 0.35 and 0.99. We concluded that there is substantial evidence for 3 risk factors associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in women having gestational diabetes.
Cancer Metastasis: Building a Framework

Metastasis occurs when genetically unstable cancer cells adapt to a tissue microenvironment that is distant from the primary tumor. This process involves both the selection of traits that are advantageous to cancer cells and the concomitant recruitment of traits in the tumor stroma that accommodate invasion by metastatic cells. Recent conceptual and technological advances promote our understanding of the origins and nature of cancer metastasis.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ntg1p and Ntg2p: broad specificity N-glycosylases for the repair of oxidative DNA damage in the nucleus and mitochondria.

Saccharomyces cereVisiae possesses two functional homologues (Ntg1p and Ntg2p) of the Escherichia coli endonuclease III protein, a DNA base excision repair N-glycosylase with a broad substrate specificity directed primarily against oxidatively damaged pyrimidines. The substrate specificites of Ntg1p and Ntg2p are similar but not identical, and differences in their amino acid sequences as well as inducibility by DNA damaging agents suggest that the two proteins may have different biological roles and subcellular locations. Experiments performed on oligonucleotides containing a variety of oxidative base damages indicated that dihydrothymine, urea, and uracil glycol are substrates for Ntg1p and Ntg2p, although dihydrothymine was a poor substrate for Ntg2p. Vectors encoding Ntg1p-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Ntg2p-GFP fusions under the control of their respective endogenous promoters were utilized to observe the subcellular targeting of Ntg1p and Ntg2p in S. cereVisiae. Fluorescence microscopy of pNTG1-GFP and pNTG2-GFP transformants revealed that Ntg1p localizes primarily to the mitochondria with some nuclear localization, whereas Ntg2p localizes exclusively to the nucleus. In addition, the subcellular location of Ntg1p and Ntg2p confers differential sensitivities to the alkylating agent MMS. These results expand the known substrate specifities of Ntg1p and Ntg2p, indicating that their base damage recognition ranges show distinct differences and that these proteins mediate different roles in the repair of DNA base damage in the nucleus and mitochondria of yeast.
Repurposing the Clinical Record: Can an Existing Natural Language Processing System De-identify Clinical Notes?

Electronic clinical documentation can be useful for activities such as public health surveillance, quality improvement, and research, but existing methods of de-identification may not provide sufficient protection of patient data. The general-purpose natural language processor MedLEE retains medical concepts while excluding the remaining text so, in addition to processing text into structured data, it may be able provide a secondary benefit of de-identification. Without modifying the system, the authors tested the ability of MedLEE to remove protected health information (PHI) by comparing 100 outpatient clinical notes with the corresponding XML-tagged output. Of 809 instances of PHI, 26 (3.2%) were detected in output as a result of processing and identification errors. However, PHI in the output was highly transformed, much appearing as normalized terms for medical concepts, potentially making re-identification more difficult. The MedLEE processor may be a good enhancement to other de-identification systems, both removing PHI and providing coded data from clinical text.
Ion bombardment effects on the near-surface composition during sputter profiling

The alteration of the near-surface composition that has often been observed in ion bombarded alloys and compounds results from the dynamic interplay of several processes. In addition to displacement mixing leading to a randomization of atomic locations, which is dominant at relatively low temperatures, and preferential loss of alloying elements by sputtering, many thermally-activated processes, including radiation-enhanced diffusion, radiation-induced segregation and Gibbsian adsorption, also play important roles. The relative significance of each process in the evolution of the sputtered flux composition and of the compositional profile of the target depends on the type of alloys, temperature and ion characteristics. Although a good semi-quantitative understanding already exists for most of the individual processes, the number of systematic investigations of alloy sputtering that consider all of these processes and their potential interactions is still rather limited. A fundamental understanding of the synergistic effects of these processes is, however, essential for quantitative analysis of multicomponent-material surfaces, since sputtering is routinely applied in conjunction with various analytical techniques to depth-profile the composition. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the processes in simple physical terms and to point out under what conditions they may become important for compositional changes in near-surface regions of sputtered alloys, based on selected results of recent model calculations and experimental studies.