cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cognitive task demands on subsequent symptoms and activity in adults with symptomatic osteoarthritis.

Objective Adults with osteoarthritis (OA) experience fatigue in daily life that is negatively related to physical activity; however, it is unclear how task demands affect fatigue and occupational performance. We examined effects of a cognitive task on subsequent symptoms and activity. Method Adults with knee or hip OA completed a standardized cognitive task during a lab visit. Objective physical activity and symptoms were tracked during two home-monitoring periods (i.e., 4-day period before and 5-day period after the lab visit). Multilevel modeling was used to compare pretask with posttask fatigue, pain, and activity levels. Results Fatigue increased and pain decreased for 2 days after performing the lab task. The authors found no pretask to posttask changes in activity levels. At posttask, daily fatigue and activity patterns changed relative to baseline. Conclusion For adults with symptomatic OA, cognitive task demands may be an important contributor to fatigue and pain.
Effects of Rifamycin Derivatives, Alone and in Combination with Amphotericin B, Against Histoplasma capsulatum

Abstract Several derivatives of rifamycin SV inhibited ribonucleic acid synthesis and decreased the viability of Histoplasma capsulatum. Both of these effects were enhanced by low concentrations of amphotericin B. The relative potency of the different rifamycin derivatives against H. capsulatum, when used in combination with amphotericin B or alone, was the same as that reported for the inhibition of the reverse transcriptase of ribonucleic acid tumor viruses.
Use of nebulized antibiotics for acute infections in chronic sinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: Infections in patients with chronic sinusitis after surgery can be difficult to treat. Nebulized antimicrobial therapy was studied as a treatment option.STUDY DESIGN: Patients with chron...
Mold-Damaged Grain Sorghum as a Diet for Three Stored-Grain Beetles (Coleoptera)

Three species of stored-grain beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cynaeus angustus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), were reared on flours prepared from grain sorghum stored with increasing levels of moisture and, therefore, different degrees of invasion by storage molds. Flours from sorghum molded by the Aspergillus glaucus group and by the A. candidus group were better growth media for all beetles than flour from the sorghum control. Grain additionally invaded by Penicillium citrinum Thorn inhibited growth of T. castaneum and caused 100% mortality in C. pusillus but supported larval growth of C. angustus as well as the control. Reproduction of T. castaneum was enhanced on all mold-damaged flours; progeny per female of C. pusillus increased on flours supporting increased larval size
Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Doping, Luminescence and Mobility

We utilize the planar ``surface cell'' device configuration with Au contacts and a mixture of a soluble phenyl-substituted poly(para-phenylene vinylene) copolymer (``superyellow''), a dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 crown ether, and a ${\mathrm{LiCF}}_{3}{\mathrm{SO}}_{3}$ salt as the active material. Because the lowest thermal transition occurs well above room temperature (RT), we can study the charging process at an elevated temperature and probe the exact location of the electroluminescence (EL) and doping-induced quenching of photoluminescence in charged devices at RT. We also employ the same active material in thin-film field-effect transistor structures to study the influence of electrochemical doping on transistor performance. Our results demonstrate that reversible bipolar electrochemical doping indeed takes place at applied voltages above the band gap of the semiconducting polymer $(V\ensuremath{\geqslant}{E}_{g}∕e)$, but also that limited unipolar electrochemical doping can take place at $Vl{E}_{g}∕e$ if the barrier heights for hole and electron injection are asymmetric. The EL originates in, or in close proximity to, the thin $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}i\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction, which is located close to the cathode.
Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: who should get what?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. More than 180,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer were projected in 2000, with more than 40,000 deaths expected.1 Nearly 90% of women will be diagnosed as having early-stage disease—cancer that is confined to the breast or extends locally into the axillary lymph nodes. Unfortunately, nearly 30% of women with cancer confined to the breast and 75% of women with nodal involvement will ultimately relapse.2 This observation affirms the presence of micrometastases, clinically occult tumor present after surgery with a potential to metastasize and confer both morbidity and mortality. Adjuvant treatment is the administration of additional therapy after primary surgery to kill or inhibit micrometastases. Primary surgery for breast cancer is accomplished by lumpectomy followed by whole-breast irradiation or by mastectomy. Adjuvant treatment may include local irradiation after mastectomy, systemic therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy, or endocrine therapy. For the first time, a decrease was noted in breast cancer mortality in the United States and the United Kingdom, a welcome trend likely due to the use of adjuvant treatments.3 Recent progress in adjuvant therapy includes adding newer agents to standard chemotherapy, defining the role of endocrine therapy, and applying novel technologies to detect microscopic disease. In November 2000, the National Institutes of Health published a consensus statement as a guide for physicians, patients, and the public on the use of adjuvant therapy in breast cancer (www.nih.gov/news/pr/nov2000/omar-03.htm). This statement specifically addresses who should receive adjuvant treatment, what factors to consider in making this decision, and what type of adjuvant treatment should be offered.
Multirate codebook design with the entropy-constrained pairwise nearest neighbor (ECPNN) algorithm

A new algorithm for multirate vector quantization is used for coding image pyramids. The algorithm, called alphabet and entropy-constrained pairwise-nearest-neighbor (AECPNN), designs codebooks choosing subcodebooks from a large generic codebook. The algorithm is the natural extension of the ECPNN design technique with constrained alphabet. Results of coded image pyramids obtained using the present algorithm are comparable to results for the ECPNN design technique. >
Res Gestae 34.1 and the settlement of 27 b.c.

Augustus' account of the events of 28 and 27 b.c. is maddeningly vague. In part the problem is simply that his individual phrases are ambiguous, but a more fundamental difficulty is the very nature of the Res Gestae itself. The idea of publishing such a self-satisfied account of one's own doings is so alien to our modern sensibilities that we tend to read the Res Gestae as though Augustus were capable of saying almost anything. We have concluded too easily, therefore, that at R.G. 34.1 Augustus is telling an outrageous lie, or at least an outrageous half-truth. After saying that he ended the civil wars, and acquired supreme power, Augustus claims to have handed over the state to the senate and the people of Rome. On the traditional reading this last claim is seriously misleading; Augustus may have handed over the state, but he fails to mention that the senate handed it back.
Within-Die Variation-Aware Scheduling in Superscalar Processors for Improved Throughput

Within-die parameter variations can cause wide delay distribution among similar functional units in superscalar processors. Conventionally, the frequency of operation is reduced to accommodate the slowest unit, which in turn degrades throughput. We present a low-overhead design technique that sets the operating frequency in a superscalar processor based on the faster units and allows more cycles for the slower units. We propose an associated priority scheduling strategy to schedule instructions in the functional units to maximize throughput. Simulation results on a set of benchmarks show that, by assigning a higher scheduling priority to faster units, we can achieve 18 percent improvement in performance on average with negligible design overhead.
Crossed beam reaction of phenyl and D5-phenyl radicals with propene and deuterated counterparts—competing atomic hydrogen and methyl loss pathways

We conducted the crossed molecular beams reactions of the phenyl and D5-phenyl radicals with propylene together with its partially deuterated reactants at collision energies of ∼45 kJ mol−1 under single collision conditions. The scattering dynamics were found to be indirect and were mainly dictated by an addition of the phenyl radical to the sterically accessible CH2 unit of the propylene reactant. The resulting doublet radical isomerized to multiple C9H11 intermediates, which were found to be long-lived, decomposing in competing methyl group loss and atomic hydrogen loss pathways with the methyl group loss leading to styrene (C6H5C2H3) and the atomic hydrogen loss forming C9H10 isomers cis/trans1-phenylpropene (CH3CHCHC6H5) and 3-phenylpropene (C6H5CH2C2H3). Fractions of the methylversushydrogen loss channels of 68 ± 16% : 32 ± 10% were derived experimentally, which agrees nicely with RRKM theory. As the collision energy rises to 200 kJmol−1, the contribution of the methyl loss channel decreases sharply to typically 25%; the decreased importance of the methyl group loss channel was also demonstrated in previous crossed beam experiments conducted at elevated collision energies of 130–193 kJ mol−1. The presented work highlights the interesting differences of the branching ratios with rising collision energies in the reaction dynamics of phenyl radicals with unsaturated hydrocarbons related to combustion processes. The facility of forming styrene, a common molecule found in combustion against the elusiveness of forming the cyclic indane molecule demonstrates the need to continue to explore the potential surfaces through the combinative single collision experiment and electronic structure calculations.
A dedicated screening program for geriatric HIV-infected patients integrating HIV and geriatric care.

Background: Clinicians caring for HIV-infected patients >60 years old encounter multiple clinical challenges. The use of a functional geriatrics screening for detection of significant comorbidities is important in this population. Methods: The geriatrics screening evaluated functional capabilities, depression, cognitive dysfunction, nutrition, mobility, medicines used, and interactions. Results: As of July 2009, 57 patients were screened (average age 62.6, 39 males and 18 females). A total of 17 patients (9 males and 8 females) were referred to the geriatrics/HIV program because of identified problems in multiple domains: 10 with cognitive dysfunction, 8 with problems in basic or instrumental activities of daily living, 6 with nutritional issues, 5 with depression, 5 with mobility problems, 4 with visual issues, and 2 with hearing difficulties. The average age was 62.9. Median CD4 count and viral load were 285 (15-714) cells/mm3 and 30 505 copies/mL (0-407 697), respectively. Conclusions: The functional y...
Selective and nonselective inhibition of thromboxane formation

Thromboxane A2, the predominant cyclooxygenase product of arachidonic acid in the platelet, is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulus of platelet aggregation. Prostacyclin, the principal cyclooxygenase metabolite formed in the vascular endothelium, inhibits platelet aggregation and dilates blood vessels. A therapeutic objective in the treatment of human vascular occlusive disease has been the inhibition of thromboxane formation without coincident reduction in prostacyclin biosynthesis. We compared the biochemical selectivity and platelet inhibitory actions of single doses of aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with imidazo(1,5-2)pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (CGS 13080), an inhibitor of thromboxane synthase. Aspirin, 325 mg, prolonged the bleeding time markedly, inhibited aggregation and nucleotide release in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma, and maximally inhibited thromboxane generation in serum. The effects of aspirin, 20 mg, were considerably less marked but, as with the higher dose, persisted throughout the study period (24 hr after dosing). CGS 13080 also prolonged bleeding time and inhibited thromboxane formation. In contrast to aspirin, these effects were reversible and inhibition of aggregation was less marked. Endogenous prostacyclin biosynthesis was measured by excretion of the major urinary metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI-M). Whereas aspirin, 325 mg, reduced PGI-M excretion a mean 29%, excretion increased 48% and 100% after CGS 13080, 100 mg and 200 mg. Aspirin, 20 mg, did not alter prostacyclin biosynthesis. Inhibition of thromboxane synthase permits selective inhibition of thromboxane formation in man. Although drugs of greater potency and longer duration of action are desirable, enhanced prostacyclin synthesis may be an important component of the platelet inhibitory actions of thromboxane synthase inhibitors in man.
Planted-model evaluation of algorithms for identifying differences between spreadsheets

Users often need to test, debug or reuse spreadsheets. We present a new algorithm that can identify differences between two spreadsheets, providing a basis for future tools to help users compare two versions of a spreadsheet (thereby seeing what is new and needs testing) or two different spreadsheets (thereby seeing which is more appropriate for reuse in a situation). This algorithm, RowColAlign, is a two-dimensional generalization of the classic dynamic programming algorithm for solving the one-dimensional longest common subsequence problem. In addition, we present a new planted model for generating test cases to evaluate this algorithm and others like it, including the greedy SheetDiff algorithm presented in prior work. In our evaluation, our new RowColAlign algorithm made no errors at all on test cases, including test cases comparable to relatively large spreadsheets. Moreover, further analysis revealed that it is unexpected for our new algorithm to make errors except when spreadsheets contain an unrealistically small number of distinct values. These results are extremely encouraging, revealing our algorithm's potential as the basis for future spreadsheet tools.
Mössbauer studies of the morin transition in bulk and microcrystalline α-Fe2O3†

Abstract Mossbauer spectra of bulk and microcrystalline hematite have been analyzed at the Morin transition for both the weak-ferromagnetic (WF) and anti-ferromagnetic (AF) phases simultaneously, increasing precision in the extracted Mossbauer parameters. The Morin transition in bulk took place in less than 0.4 K, and in the microcrystals decreased linearily with expanding lattice in agreement with its increase under external pressure. Temperature hysteresis measurements in the microcrystals gave values of the fourth-order magnetic anisotropy energy which indicated possible surface spin-pinning effects. In bulk the magnetic field decreased by 7 ± 0.5 kOe in going from the WF to the AF phase on decreasing temperature, and the isomer shift decreased by 0.014 ± 0.003 mm sec. With lattice dilation the AF quadrupolar interaction appeared to decrease, while the isomer shift change across the transition goes positive. In contrast the change in magnetic field is not simply related to this lattice dilation, indicating surface spin-pinning effects.
Revised age of the late Neogene terror bird (Titanis) in North America during the Great American Interchange

The giant flightless terror bird Titanis walleri is known from Florida and Texas during the late Neogene. The age of T. walleri is problematic because this taxon co-occurs with temporally mixed (i.e., time-averaged) faunas at two key sites. Thus, prior to this study, T. walleri from the Santa Fe River, Florida (type locality), was either as old as late Pliocene (ca. 2.2 Ma) or as young as latest Pleistocene (ca. 15 ka). Likewise, T. walleri from the Nueces River, Texas, was either early Pliocene (ca. 5 Ma) or latest Pleistocene (ca. 15 ka). In order to better resolve this age range, the rare earth element (REE) patterns of T. walleri from the Santa Fe River, Florida, were compared to two biochronologically distinctive groups (late Pliocene versus late Pleistocene) of fossil mammals from the same locality. Similarly, the REE patterns of T. walleri from Texas were compared to two groups (early Pliocene versus latest Pleistocene) of fossil mammals from the same locality. The REE patterns of T. walleri from Florida are indistinguishable from those of the co-occurring late Pliocene mammals. Likewise, the REE pattern of T. walleri from Texas is indistinguishable from those of the co-occurring early Pliocene mammals. Given these REE constraints, the revised age of T. walleri is early Pliocene in Texas (ca. 5 Ma) and late Pliocene (ca. 2.2–1.8 Ma) in Florida. As such, T. walleri is interpreted as an early immigrant during the Great American Interchange prior to the formation of the Isthmian land bridge. No evidence currently exists for Pleistocene T. walleri in North America.
Reducing child mortality in India in the new millennium.

Globally, child mortality rates have been halved over the last few decades, a developmental success story. Nevertheless, progress has been uneven and in recent years mortality rates have increased in some countries. The present study documents the slowing decline in infant mortality rates in India; a departure from the longer-term trends. The major causes of childhood mortality are also reviewed and strategic options for the different states of India are proposed that take into account current mortality rates and the level of progress in individual states. The slowing decline in childhood mortality rates in India calls for new approaches that go beyond disease-, programme- and sector-specific approaches.
Expected and reported division of responsibility of household tasks among older wives in two residential settings

Literature on sex roles encompasses numerous studies on the division of responsibility in late-life marriages. Some older wives report that they continue to assume responsibility for mos: household chores and they actually perform most tasks. Other wives claim that following retirement, husbands increase their participation within the household arena. However, the increase tends to be in the level of activity involvement rather than in assuming responsibility for new or non-traditional chores. The trend toward egalitarianism in later life, especially for happy couples, is documented by numerous studies. It appears that while role expectations are less gender-specific among older people, they tend to follow the patterns established during middle-age. However, the research is not conclusive. No analysis has compared different living environments of older couples. A sample (n = 244) or older wives (mean age 72 years) living in two different residential settings were questioned via a mailed survey about their responsibility and behaviours regarding 12 household tasks: cooking meals, washing dishes, doing yard work, washing clothes, maintaining the car, writing letters, scheduling family events, getting or earning money, cleaning house, shopping, undertaking household repairs and making family decisions. High scores suggest a non-traditional approach to sex-role tasks, while low scores suggest egalitarian relationships. The views that wives have of division of responsibility of household tasks is explored: who should take responsibility for tasks and who does the tasks? Variables previously found to influence sex-role beliefs are examined. In particular, relationships between sex roles and marital quality, length of marriage, family income, frequency of interaction with children, residential environment and health are presented.
Skin reactivity to histamine in atopic children in Singapore, influence of specific sensitizations

Abstract Rationale Studies have shown significant differences in skin histamine reactivity between different pediatric populations. Singapore has a multiethnic population with documented high prevalence of atopic disease. We aimed to define whether histamine skin reactivity in atopic children is influenced by age, ethnic origin, gender, environmental exposure or specific sensitization patterns. Methods A retrospective analysis of children, with specific aero-allergen sensitization (as measured by at least one skin prick test with a wheal size >3mm compared to the negative control) from the outpatient specialty clinic of the KK Children's hospital, during 07/2001 to 06/2002. Results 216 patients were included, 166 (77%) males, 176 (82%) Chinese, age mean 7.6 years (range 2-14 years). Patients were referred to the skin prick test with a diagnosis of one or more of: Allergic Rhinitis 202 (94%), Asthma 71 (33%) or Atopic Dermatitis 28 (13%). The mean histamine response was not influenced by age, ethnic origin, gender or clinical diagnosis, but was significantly higher in atopic patients with polysensitization (mean 4.3 mm Vs 2.8 mm in monosensitized patients, p Conclusion Histamine response in atopic children in Singapore seems independent of age, race, ethnic origin or phenotypic expression of allergy. Children with polysensitization and specific mould sensitization tend to show an increased skin response to histamine.
Anti-inflammatory effects of perfluorocarbon compounds

Perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) are of interest for the treatment of acute lung injury due to unique physicochemical properties such as high solubility for oxygen. Different respiratory treatment modalities (e.g., liquid ventilation or aerosolized PFCs) have been shown to decrease pulmonary inflammatory responses in addition to improving lung compliance in animal models of lung injury and in clinical trials. Specifically, PFC-based treatment modalities have been shown to reduce levels of cytokines, chemokines and other mediators of pulmonary inflammation in a PFC- and, to some extent, concentration-dependent manner. As a result, neutrophil adhesion, accumulation and activation are reduced in PFC-treated animals and in humans undergoing partial liquid ventilation. Although more fundamental studies of the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms are needed, respiratory treatment modalities involving PFCs hold great clinical promise.
Synthesis of binary manipulators using the Fourier transform on the Euclidean Group

In this paper we apply the Fourier transform on the Euclidean motion group to solve problems in kinematic design of binary manipulators. In recent papers it has been shown that the workspace of a binary manipulator can be viewed as a function on the motion group, and it can be generated as a generalized convolution product. The new contribution of this paper is the numerical solution of mathematical inverse problems associated with the design of binary manipulators. We suggest an anzatz function which approximates the manipulator's density in analytical form and has few free fitting parameters. Using the anzatz functions and Fourier methods on the motion group, linear and non-linear inverse problems (i.e., problems of finding the manipulator's parameters which produce the total desired workspace density) are solved.
Obtaining the Internal Junction Characteristics of a Transistor for Use in Analog Simulation

A technique is described for making the internal base-to-emitter junction characteristics of an alloy junction transistor available to an analog computer simulation process. This is accomplished with an active feedback network that continuously compensates for the internal voltage drop across the extrinsic base-spreading resistance at all base current levels.
Input impedance of microstrip antennas

Using Richmond's reaction integral equation, an expression is derived for the input impedance of microstrip patch antennas excited by either a microstrip line or a coaxial probe. The effects of the finite substrate thickness, a dielectric protective cover, and associated surface waves are properly included by the use of the exact dyadic Green's function. Using the present formulation the input impedance of a rectangular microstrip antenna is determined and compared with experimental and earlier calculated results.
PRIMARY ESSAY TESTS1

A summary of the development of an experimental test to measure composition ability in young children.
Can graft versus host disease cause sensorineural hearing loss

Summary Bone marrow transplant has traditionally been performed for leukemia and other disorders of the hematopoeitic system. However, its indications have been expanding to more non-neoplastic diseases, forming a cohort of patients who have had the transplant without exposure to ototoxic medications. Presented is the case of a 16-year-old girl who experienced sensorineural hearing loss during clinical graft versus host disease 1 year after bone marrow transplant for sickle cell anemia. The pathogenesis of cochlear damage from graft versus host disease is also discussed.
Morphologic Renal Changes Following Piezoelectric Lithotripsy or Spark-Gap Lithotripsy

Morphologic changes of the kidney following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL†) have been demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be present in as many as 85% of patients treated with first-generation electrohydraulic lithotripters. In this study the renal morphologic changes produced by a second-generation piezoelectric machine (Wolf Piezolith 2300) were compared to those of an electrohydraulic lithotripter (Dornier HM3). The mean stone size was 11 mm, and the mean number of shock waves on the Wolf lithotripter was 3,900 at an average power intensity of 900 bar and on the Dornier device was 1,760 shock waves at 21 kV. All patients were studied with renal MRI scans 24 hours following lithotripsy. A subsequent MRI scan was performed at two weeks and then at one month if any changes were noted on the prior study.
Designing of a low-cost, volumetric multi — Transducer phased array ultrasound system

There is an undisputed need for increased portability and flexibility in diagnostic ultrasound imaging due to the continuously evolving point of care (POC) clinical applications. In order to meet this growing need numerous portable ultrasound systems have been proposed. The design of portable systems is a very challenging task, especially for volumetric imaging system which utilize transducers with hundreds and thousands of elements. This study presents a new low-cost, portable volumetric ultrasound system for ambulatory healthcare monitoring which can serve as an enhanced alternative to the existing portable systems. All hardware components along with vital processes that are performed during the image acquisition, are presented in details. Initially, the design of the proposed 2-D phased array transducer is introduced and its performance is evaluated. Secondly, all hardware components of the system are explicitly presented and finally a software-based methodology for image enhancement that is based in image fusion and a super — resolution technique is described. The imaging quality of the designed transducer is investigated through simulations using FIELD II. Additionally, preliminary simulation results of the applied methodology for 3D images, show significant image quality improvement, especially in the regions where recording from all transducers was possible.
Towards addressing the winograd schema challenge: building and using a semantic parser and a knowledge hunting module

Concerned about the Turing test's ability to correctly evaluate if a system exhibits human-like intelligence, the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) has been proposed as an alternative. A Winograd Schema consists of a sentence and a question. The answers to the questions are intuitive for humans but are designed to be difficult for machines, as they require various forms of commonsense knowledge about the sentence. In this paper we demonstrate our progress towards addressing the WSC. We present an approach that identifies the knowledge needed to answer a challenge question, hunts down that knowledge from text repositories, and then reasons with them to come up with the answer. In the process we develop a semantic parser (www.kparser.org). We show that our approach works well with respect to a subset of Winograd schemas.
Acute effects of antisense antagonism of a single peptide neurotransmitter in the circadian clock

The circadian clock that resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the major neural pacemaker driving most 24-h rhythms in mammals. Several neurotransmitter peptides are synthesized within this nucleus and communicate rhythmically with other cells in the SCN as well as with cells in other regions of the brain. At the present time, little is known about their role in regulating outputs of the clock. We demonstrate that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to the NH2-terminus and the translation start site of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mRNA infused into the suprachiasmatic region of rats temporarily abolishes the circadian rhythm of corticosterone secretion without influencing stress-related corticosterone secretion in the same animals. Levels of VIP peptide are suppressed 30% on the second day after antisense treatment. These results indicate that a single neuropeptide transmitter in the circadian clock may serve a distinct role in the control of specific circadian rhythms.
Optimal trajectory planning and tracking of a PVTOL aircraft using higher-order method

In this paper, an optimal motion planning and control scheme for a single thrusted planar VTOL aircraft is developed. A higher-order method developed by the authors is used to construct the optimal trajectories of this system. In this method, using geometric transformations, explicit expressions for the states and inputs in terms of higher derivatives of a subset of states is used to change the constrained dynamic optimization problem into an unconstrained one, thereby, eliminating the need for Lagrange multipliers. The optimal trajectory generation scheme is numerically efficient, making it suitable for use in "real-time" applications. A control scheme which implements the optimal trajectories is described. Compared to existing schemes, the controller develops and implements an optimal trajectory that extremizes a cost criteria while satisfying end-point constraints. The technique described for PVTOL could also be used to build motion-controllers for other dynamic systems which have a higher-order derivative representation.
Experimental Evaluation of Open Propeller Aerodynamic Performance and Aero-acoustic Behavior

A topic of increasing importance in the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) community is the design and performance of open propellers used in hand launched, small UASs. The performance of these small propellers directly influences the operational capabilities of the UAS. As such, the design and testing of these propellers is necessary to accurately predict UAS performance. This experimental investigation examined the relationship between diameter, pitch, and number of blades to aerodynamic efficiency and aero-acoustic sound pressure levels. Thrust, torque, propeller rotational speed, and sound pressure level were measured for twelve aero-nautCAMcarbon (ACC) folding propeller configurations currently being used on an operational UAS with diameters ranging from 12 to 15 inches, pitches from 6 to 13 inches and increasing from two to three propeller blades. Each configuration was tested at 44 ft/s tunnel velocity, the typical cruising velocity of a small UAS, while the propeller rotational speed was varied to determine the rotational speed needed to produce 2.5 lbf of thrust, a typical cruise thrust required for a small UAS. As expected, the rotational speed required to achieve the desired thrust decreased approximately 7.7% per inch increase in the propeller diameter. At the same time, the noise signature decreased by approximately 0.8 dB per inch increase and overall efficiency rose by 2.9% per inch increase. Similar results were found for increasing both the number of propeller blades and also increasing the pitch of the propeller. Increasing from two to three blades decreased the rotational speed by 9.1% with a 2.1 dB drop in sound pressure level and an increase in overall efficiency of 3.2%. Increasing the pitch generally decreased rotational speed by 4.6% per inch of pitch increase and decreased noise level by 0.7dB per inch of pitch increase. Overall efficiency slightly increased by 0.6% for an inch increase in pitch. For a given diameter propeller there seems to be an optimum pitch for minimum sound pressure level. For design, this indicates there is an optimum angle of attack for the propeller, which translates to an optimum beta twist angle to achieve minimum sound pressure level. Noise generation was found to be a strong function of propeller rotational speed. Lower rotational speed generally produced less noise.
VEGETATIVE AND YIELD COMPONENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROPROPAGATED MUSCADINE GRAPE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX.)

SUMMARYEvaluations were made of the field performance of micropropagated (tissue cultured axillary buds) versus conventionally rooted softwood cuttings of muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx. Trunk cross-sectional area did not differ between treatments during three years of field evaluation following planting. There were no differences in leaf area and dry weight or shoot number in the two propagation types; leaf morphology was normal with no apparent juvenile characteristics. Yield components including flower number per shoot and inflorescence, fruit number, total fruit weight and yield efficiency were greater in micropropagated plants during the second year, the first year of cropping; differences diminished and yield components were not different in year three. Performance of tissue cultured plants was therefore as good as, or surpassed, conventionally propagated plants during early vine establishment.
Benefits of Immediate Extubation Following Free Tissue Transfer for Head and Neck Reconstruction.

Background Immediate postprocedure extubation (cessation of mechanical ventilation) after free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction may improve outcomes, reduce intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and reduce overall cost compared with delayed extubation in the intensive care unit. Methods Medical records of 180 consecutive patients undergoing free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction were reviewed. Patients immediately extubated in the operating room (immediate group, N = 63) were compared with patients who were extubated in the intensive care unit (delayed group, N = 117) by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Medical complication rates and intensive care unit length of stay were significantly higher in the delayed extubation group (55.5 vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001, and 4.4 vs. 2.9 days, p < 0.001, respectively). Although the rate of preoperative alcohol use was similar between the two groups, significantly fewer patients underwent treatment for alcohol withdrawal or agitation in the immediate extubation group (3.2 vs. 27.4%, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in surgical complication rates. Conclusion Immediate postprocedure extubation is associated with shorter intensive care unit length of stay, reduced medical complications, and reduced incidence of treatment for agitation/alcohol withdrawal for patients undergoing free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction.
High-resolution measurements of the coexistence curve very near the 3He liquid-gas critical point

The shape of the liquid–gas coexistence curve of 3He very near the critical point temperature T c was measured in the range −5× 10−3<T/Tc−1<−1.5 × 10−6 using the quasistatic thermogram method. This study was performed in the Earth6s gravitational field using two cells of very different heights (0.5 and 48 mm). The measured coexistence curve near the critical point was strongly affected by the gravitational field. Away from the critical point, we compare the coexistence curve obtained using the thermogram method with earlier work by Pittman et al. The recently developed crossover parametric model of the equation-of-state is used to take gravity effects into account. The shape of the measured coexistence curve very near the critical point is remarkably symmetric about the critical density. Our results close to the critical point are consistent with the slope of the rectilinear diameter obtained by Pitman et al. from measurement farther away from T c. The deviation from a law of rectilinear diameter predicted by revised scaling and the Yang–Yang anomaly were not observed in 3He within the 0.1% accuracy in our measurements.
Written-domain language modeling for automatic speech recognition.

Language modeling for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems has been traditionally in the verbal domain. In this paper, we present finite-state modeling techniques that we developed for language modeling in the written domain. The first technique we describe is for the verbalization of written-domain vocabulary items, which include lexical and non-lexical entities. The second technique is the decomposition–recomposition approach to address the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) and the data sparsity problems with non-lexical entities such as URLs, email addresses, phone numbers, and dollar amounts. We evaluate the proposed written-domain language modeling approaches on a very large vocabulary speech recognition system for English. We show that the written-domain language modeling improves the speech recognition and the ASR transcript rendering accuracy in the written domain over a baseline system using a verbal-domain language model. In addition, the writtendomain system is much simpler since it does not require complex and error-prone text normalization and denormalization rules, which are generally required for verbal-domain language modeling.
Physiological and Pharmacological Regulation of Biological Calcification

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological and pharmacological regulation of calcification processes in vertebrate bone. Calcification is essential to both the physiology and structural integrity of the human body. It is important for growth and maintenance of the skeletal system as well as for mineral homeostasis and several specialized functions. Calcification provides tissues with structural rigidity to function in support and protection and supplies the organism with a reservoir for physiologically important ions. In the vertebrate skeleton, hydroxyapatite crystals are laid down on a backbone of type I collagen, with the process being controlled by a wide range of noncollagenous proteins present in the local surroundings. In bone, cells of the osteoblast lineage are responsible for the synthesis of the bone matrix and many of these regulatory proteins. An imbalance in the processes of formation and resorption lead to calcification disorders, and the resultant diseases of the skeletal system have a major impact on human health.
Exogenous progesterone for luteal support following gonadotropin-releasing hormone ovulation induction: case report

Les auteurs montrent ici l'interet des suppositoires a la progesterone introduits par voie vaginale pour supporter la phase luteale des femmes dont l'induction d'ovulation a necessite le recours a la pompe a LHRH. Cette methode parait plus efficace et moins dangereuse que l'utilisation des HCG
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells and autoimmune diabetes

Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Although multiple attempts have been made to slow the autoimmune process using immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents, there are still no effective treatments that can delay or reverse the progression of type 1 diabetes in humans. Recent studies support endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a novel target for preventing the initiation of the autoimmune reaction, propagation of inflammation, and β cell death in type 1 diabetes. This review highlights recent findings on ER stress in β cells and development of type 1 diabetes and introduces potential new treatments targeting the ER to combat this disorder.
Chapter 12 – Determining the Next Step

This is the final chapter in the section on professional judgment. Once a treatment has been implemented and new sources of evidence have been collected (e.g., target behavior data, satisfaction, feasibility, etc.), evidence-based practitioners facilitate the process of deciding to retain, adapt, or reject a treatment. When all parties are happy with a treatment and it produces the necessary improvement, it is still necessary to develop a plan to fade an intervention. Furthermore, some level of adaptation may be needed to produce an effective and sustainable treatment. Strategies for negotiating the adaptation process are described. Finally, despite the effort and energy exerted by evidence-based practitioners and the target, stakeholder, and leader clients, a treatment may prove inappropriate. This may be due to poor client progress but it could also be due to unanticipated problems with feasibility.
Comparing Patient, Casual Observer, and Expert Perception of Permanent Unilateral Facial Paralysis

Importance Differences in perception of facial paralysis among patients, casual observers, and experts may have implications for outcomes research and patient care. Objective To compare multiple do...
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Imidacloprid Within the Crown of Eastern Hemlock.

Systemic imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide to control the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an exotic pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere in the United States. This study was conducted to 1) determine the effect of treatment timing (spring vs. fall) and application method (trunk injection vs. soil injection) on the spatial and temporal distribution of imidacloprid within the crown of A. tsugae-free eastern hemlock using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 2) compare ELISA to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the detection of imidacloprid in xylem fluid, and 3) determine the concentration of imidacloprid in leaf tissue using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) detection methods. Xylem fluid concentrations of imidacloprid were found to be significantly higher for spring applications than for fall applications and for trunk injections than soil injections in the first year posttreatment. A total of 69% of samples analyzed by ELISA gave 1.8 times higher concentrations of imidacloprid than those found by GC/MS, leading to evidence of a matrix effect and overestimation of imidacloprid in xylem fluid by ELISA. A comparison of the presence of imidacloprid with xylem fluid and in leaf tissue on the same branch showed significant differences, suggesting that imidacloprid moved intermittently within the crown of eastern hemlock.
Orthostatic myoclonus after brain tumor radiation: Insights from two lesional cases.

Abstract Introduction Orthostatic myoclonus (OM) is a recognized syndrome of gait unsteadiness accompanied by lower limb myoclonus provoked by the assumption of an upright posture. OM typically affects the elderly and is often associated with neurodegenerative disease. We sought to review the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of OM due to brain tumor treatment, the first reported lesional cases of this rare disorder. Methods The database of the Mayo Clinic Rochester Movement Disorders Laboratory was searched for all patients diagnosed with OM from January 2007 to December 2016. All available clinical, radiographic, and surface electromyographic data were reviewed, and patients with a history of primary or metastatic brain tumor were analyzed. Results Two patients with OM and brain tumor were identified; both had undergone tumor resection and targeted brain radiation. Both patients complained of unsteadiness while walking and recurrent falls. Tumor pathology (atypical meningioma, gliosarcoma) was centered in the frontal lobe and extended to the supplementary motor area (SMA), pre-SMA, or prefrontal cortex. Medications did not improve gait. Conclusion Two cases of brain tumor-related OM suggest that degeneration of frontal motor programming circuits underlies the pathophysiology of OM.
Algorithm for overcoming the curse of dimensionality for certain non-convex Hamilton–Jacobi equations, projections and differential games

Abstract : In this paper, we develop a method for solving a large class of non-convex Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations (HJ PDE). The method yields decoupled subproblems, which can be solved in an embarrassingly parallel fashion. The complexity of the resulting algorithm is polynomial in the problem dimension; hence, it overcomes the curse of dimensionality [1, 2]. We extend previous work in[6] and apply the Hopf formula to solve HJ PDE involving non-convex Hamiltonians. We propose an ADMM approach for finding the minimizer associated with the Hopf formula. Some explicit formulae of proximal maps, as well as newly-defined stretch operators, are used in the numerical solutions of ADMM subproblems. Our approach is expected to have wide applications in continuous dynamic games, control theory problems, and elsewhere.
Genghis Khan and the Mongol War Machine. By Chris Peers. (Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword, 2015. Pp. xxii, 194. $39.95.)

Although Chinggis Khan is the actual title of Temujin, the founder of the Mongol Empire, the author of this book chose to maintain the “popular” Genghis Khan while adding to the growing number of b...
Abstract 075: Proinflammatory T Helper 17 Cells as an Indicator of Hypertension

Objectives: T cells and interleukin 17 (IL17) have been shown to be critical in the development of hypertension (HTN). This implicates a significant role of IL17 producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells in HTN. Thus, the objective of our study was to investigate if Th17 cell levels in the peripheral blood (PB) and the bone marrow (BM) are correlated with blood pressure. Methods: Saline or Ang II was chronically infused into C57BL6 mice (1000ng Ang II/kg/min using osmotic pumps) for 3 weeks. This resulted in an increase in MAP of 45±10 mmHg. BM and PB from saline and Ang II-treated mice were analyzed using FACS. A parallel human study was conducted using blood samples obtained from hypertensive patients (n = 8, systolic BP ≥125 mmHg) and normotensive subjects (n = 10, systolic BP Results: We observed 87% and 36% increases in both Sca-1 + c-Kit + Lin - hematopoietic stem cell (HSC; 0.23±0.04% vs. 0.43±0.05%) and Sca-1 + c-Kit - Lin - lymphoid progenitors (10.8±1.1% vs. 14.7±2.9%) in the BM of Ang II infused mice. These are upstream stem/progenitor cells for T cells. This was associated with 30% and 190% increases in CD4 + IL17 + Th17 cells in the BM and PB (1.20±0.09% vs. 1.61±0.19 % and 4.8±2.0 % vs. 14.7±3.8 % respectively) in the Ang II infused mice. Importantly, there were 58% and 206% increases of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expressing CD4 + T cells in the BM and PB of Ang II HTN mice (0.40±0.04 % vs. 0.63±0.14 % and 1.1±0.2 % vs 3.4±1.1 % respectively) and ~ 85% of these cells were also positive for IL-17. Consistent with mouse data, analysis of PB showed a 470% increase of Th17 cells in HTN patients (0.48±0.18 % vs 2.72±1.2%). Conclusions: We observed (i) Increased hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in Ang II HTN mice; (ii) increased Th17 cells in both HTN mice and humans and (iii) the majority of AT1R expressing CD4 + T cells was Th17 cells. Taken together, these observations indicate that Th17 cells may be an important indicator of those destined to develop HTN and suggest that these cells may represent a novel therapeutic target.