cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermophilic anaerobic bacteria which ferment hemicellulose: characterization of organisms and identification of plasmids

Seven thermophilic anaerobic bacteria which ferment xylan were isolated from natural geothermal features in the western United States. Typically, these strains were Gram-negative non-sporeforming rods with an unusual double-layered cell wall which resembled that observed in Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus. The strains differed from known thermophilic anaerobes in their ability to utilize a very wide variety of carbohydrates and in their ability to grow in a chemically-defined medium and/or at pH 3.5. Four of the strains contained cryptic plasmids of 1.2 or 1.5×106 daltons. The taxonomic characteristics of the strains are discussed in terms of their relatedness to those of Thermoanaerobium, Thermoanaerobacter, and Thermobacteroides species.
Solution-processed low-voltage organic phototransistors based on an anthradithiophene molecular solid

Abstract Low-voltage organic phototransistors (OPTs) are attractive candidates for optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors and memory devices. Here we describe a solution-processed low-voltage organic phototransistor based on a triethylgermylethynyl-substituted anthradithiophene (diF-TEG ADT). Two kinds of dielectric materials were used: 80-nm-thick potassium alumina (PA) and 300-nm-thick thermally grown SiO2. To investigate its application in a moist environment, the performance at different humidities was characterized. Results showed that the device was very stable in high humidity. A major change in drain current (IDS) was observed when connecting or disconnecting the gate electrode to the device. This feature may motivate the application of diF-TEG ADT-based phototransistors as multistage photo-controlled memory devices.
The US media, Huntington and September 11

The mainstream quality media in the USA--unlike that of Europe--framed September 11 within the context of Islam, culture and civilisations. In other words, it explained the crisis by resorting to Samuel Huntington's 'Clash of civilizations'. This article has three aims: to illustrate how the media did so; to answer the question why it did so; and to explore the implications of doing so both for the general public and for the academic community. The article argues that the main attraction of the Huntington paradigm is its attempt to analyse international relations without discussing actual politics--especially the issue of Palestine in particular and of Arab nationalism in general.
Unemployment and labor force participation in the United States

Abstract This paper uses historical data from the United States to investigate the relationship between unemployment and labor force participation. Cointegration analysis supports a long-run relationship between these two variables, which leads us to question the empirical relevance of the unemployment invariance hypothesis for the United States.
The effect of topical antipruritic therapy on experimentally induced pruritus in man.

A review of the literature on topical therapy discloses a vast numbe1 of medicaments which have been acclaimed for their effectiveness as antipruritic agents. The range is from hydrocyanic acid (1) to calamansi juice (2). Unfortunately, many of these reports are based on clinical impressions and are not grounded on even simply controlled data. With the exception of certain of the current studies on antihistaminic preparations (3, 4, 5, 6), neither placeboes nor controlled comparisons on symmetrical bilateral areas (7) have found employment in these evaluations. Moreover, the medical literature abounds in reports on these purportedly efficacious measures with little evidence of any refutation. The recording of negative or conflicting data seems to have given way entirely to the presentation of more recipes for the relief of itching.
Goldstone bosons and scalar gluonium

Abstract We study the model of Goldstone bosons interacting with a scalar gluonium field in such a way that the trace anomaly equation is automatically satisfied. It is argued that the mixing of gluonium and quarkonium fields plays an important role. A possible decoupling of the Goldstone fields from a physical scalar-glueball is argued to be reasonable only if the glueball's mass is extremely low.
Reliability-based reassessment of corrosion fatigue life

Abstract A reliability-based evaluation approach for pitting corrosion fatigue damage which combines analytical estimation and nondestructive inspection is developed in this paper. First, a mechanics-based probabilistic life model for the corrosion fatigue on the surface of a lap sheet is established and then a reassessment approach is developed after in-service inspection. The reliability of the NDI technique is quantified through a probabilistic description of its detectability and accuracy. The reassessment approach incorporates the reliability of the NDI technique, inspection data and prior prediction in a probabilistic framework for decisions regarding maintenance or repair. The methodology is illustrated through a numerical example and the effect of the reliability of the NDI technique on reassessment results is investigated.
Monitoring external beam radiotherapy using real-time beam visualization

Purpose: To characterize the performance of a novel radiation therapy monitoring technique that utilizes a flexible scintillating film, common optical detectors, and image processing algorithms for real-time beam visualization (RT-BV). Methods: Scintillating films were formed by mixing Gd2O2S:Tb (GOS) with silicone and casting the mixture at room temperature. The films were placed in the path of therapeutic beams generated by medical linear accelerators (LINAC). The emitted light was subsequently captured using a CMOS digital camera. Image processing algorithms were used to extract the intensity, shape, and location of the radiation field at various beam energies, dose rates, and collimator locations. The measurement results were compared with known collimator settings to validate the performance of the imaging system. Results: The RT-BV system achieved a sufficient contrast-to-noise ratio to enable real-time monitoring of the LINAC beam at 20 fps with normal ambient lighting in the LINAC room. The RT-BV system successfully identified collimator movements with sub-millimeter resolution. Conclusions: The RT-BV system is capable of localizing radiation therapy beams with sub-millimeter precision and tracking beam movement at video-rate exposure.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Sexuality

From its earliest conception, borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been said to entail problematic issues related to sexuality. It is surprising, then, that relatively little research has been...
Negation, names, and nothing

THE different viewpoints of the logician and the metaphysician are well illustrated by considering a recent discussion over "the empty universe." Professor Quine, the logician, in considering certain problems about the interpretation (in a logician's sense) of quantification theory, advises us to " put aside the one relatively inutile case of the empty universe, so as not to cut ourselves off from laws applicable in all other cases," such laws as (1 ) (Ex) (Fx v -Fx) and (2) (x)(Fx) D (Ex)(Fx) being cases in point.' The "the" in Quine's phrase "the empty universe" here functions analogously to "the" in "the null class": within the logician's frame of reference, there is only one null class, and only one empty universe. Yet one who is concerned to put logic to work in a reconstructive capacity may well pause to remind himself that, as Goodman has remarked, "a par-
Marks of Identity: Potters of the Folona (Mali) and Their “Mothers”

| african arts SPRING 2007 A potter of the Folona region in southern Mali marks the wet clay of her pots with a unique sign, a mark that is passed down from mother to daughter along with favorite tools of the trade and the technical knowledge to employ them (figs. 1–2).1 Once dry, the pots are fi red in huge communal fi rings of as many as 800 pieces at a time. Th e women say they have no trouble distinguishing their pots from those of other women in the village, even without these signatures. Marking the pots is simply something they have always done. It is a mark of their artistry and, I would argue, of their identity and heritage as well. Th e past always leaves a mark. Over time these marks compete with one another in the historical consciousness of people. Some become obscured beneath layers of events as traumatic as warfare and slavery; as life-altering as birth, marriage, and death; or as mundane as working in the fi elds, tanning hides, or making pottery. Th e challenge of reconstructing the history of creative expression is especially great in parts of West Africa where artists are minorities whose histories are subsumed within the larger concerns of the dominant population—they may have a diff erent language, different religion, different marriage patterns, and different customs. Th is becomes even more diffi cult when the artists are women, whose own identities and histories may become hidden beneath those of their husbands. My focus is a group of women potters from the Folona region of southeastern Mali whom I fi rst encountered on a collaborative documentation and collection project with the National Museum of Mali in 1991.2 Th e dominant ethnic population in the region is Senufo, with language and cultural ties to other Senufo peoples to the south and east. Th e potters of this area identify themselves as Dyula,3 and they provide virtually all of the pottery for both Senufo and Dyula households in the region. Th ey speak a dialect of the Mande language shared Marks of Identity
SETting the Clock for Histone H4 Monomethylation

In this and a previous issue of Molecular Cell, Oda et al. (2010), Abbas et al. (2010), and Centore et al. (2010) determined that the H4K20 histone methyltransferase PR-Set7/Set8 is posttranslationally regulated by the PCNA-dependent CRL4(Cdt2) ubiquitin ligase.
Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring: the test for ischemia in 1988?

Excerpt Myocardial ischemia is the functional impairment that results from an imbalance of myocardial oxygen supply and demand. From a pathophysiologic perspective, during an ischemic episode first...
Digital computer quantitation of electrocardiographic repolarization changes for studies of ischemic coronary heart disease.

Abstract A computer is being used for studies of patients with ischemic heart disease, to approximate the integral of the repolarization phase of their electrocardiograms. Three bipolar lead voltages are converted to digital form; the corresponding integral approximations are calculated including corrections to minimize errors due to baseline shifts, with premature beats excluded from the process; and heart rate is determined. Tabular teletypewriter outputs, and graphic digital-to-analog converter to chart recorder outputs are generated for heart rate and integrals. Real-time operation is accomplished by using efficient logic, and by predetermining those characteristics of the wave of ventricular depolarization, which aid in locating and quantitating the repolarization phase of the electrocardiogram, and which have been found to remain essentially constant during a patient study session. The purpose of this paper is to describe in some detail the programming used in this on-line application to clinical medical research, of a small general-purpose digital computer.
Shadows of the Past

We examine whether temporally defined associations play a role in item recognition. The role of these associations in recall tasks is well known; we demonstrate an important role in item recognition as well. In this study, subjects were significantly more likely to recognize a test item as having been previously experienced if the preceding test item was studied in a temporally proximal list position than if the preceding test item came from a more distant list position. Further analyses showed that this associative effect was almost entirely due to cases in which the preceding test item received a highest-confidence recognition judgment.
Transactions in Symbolic Resources: A Resource Dependence Model of Congressional Deliberation

A modification of Stephen Toulmin's (1984) “field-specific reasoning” is applied to the text of deliberations in the United States Congress surrounding the foreign corrupt practices case 1975–1977. Findings suggest that Congress has developed an institutionalized mode of deliberation focused on developing argumentation capable of bringing limited sets of highly general and cathected goals (warrants) into equilibrium. The coalition-building capacity of symbolic resources is traced to their “embeddedness” in overlapping networks of issues, existing legislation, governmental organs, congressional committees, legislative careers, and mobilized (or mobilizable) constituencies. The analysis is used to formulate a resource dependence model of exchange in symbolic resources.
The “Stress-and-Relax” Method for Reconstructing the Coronal Magnetic Field from Vector Magnetograph Data

We describe a promising new technique—the "stress-and-relax" method—for reconstructing the coronal magnetic field from vector magnetograph observations of the underlying photosphere. The computation uses the vector potential representation of the coronal field. The starting point for the computation is the potential magnetic field whose normal component at the lower boundary of the computational volume matches the observed normal component. The stress-and-relax method consists of alternately stressing and relaxing the computed coronal field. In the stressing phase, the vector potential in the interior of the computational volume is held fixed, while the vector potential at the lower boundary is adjusted so as to bring the computed transverse field at that boundary into closer agreement with the observed transverse field. This adjustment process distorts the magnetic field lines near the base of the coronal field. In the relaxation phase, the vector potential at the lower boundary is held fixed, while the vector potential in the interior of the computational volume is evolved in such a way that the coronal field relaxes to a nearby force-free configuration. The process of alternately stressing and relaxing the computed coronal magnetic field is continued until the transverse field at the lower boundary is as close as possible to the observed transverse field. The stress-and-relax method is numerically robust, comparatively easy to implement, and it provides a systematic framework for utilizing estimates of the measurement errors in the vector magnetograph data.
Plumbing the ocean depths: a new source of power

The main difficulty in harnessing solar energy is collecting it. The collection mechanism for solar sea power is the ocean. Solar energy, absorbed by the surface waters of tropical oceans, can be converted first into electric power by solar sea power plants, then convented by electrolysis into chemical energy, and transported by ship for distribution to heat homes, power transportation facilities, and form a basic ingredient in materials processing. The problems involved for a SSPP are insufficient temperature difference, corrosiveness of sea water, microbial fouling, plant anchoring, diluteness of solar energy in the ocean, and environmental effects. (MCW)
Theoretical perspectives on strategic environmental management

Strategic Environmental Management (SEM) incorporates into firms' core strategies the transformation of products and processes that they believe an environmentally concerned society will increasingly demand. Significant threads have to do with the discovery of cost savings and market opportunities from re- ducing environmental impacts. SEM, like the environmental regulation hypothesis associated with Michael Porter, implies that society's efforts to reduce external environmental costs often lead to identification of hitherto-ignored or undeveloped profit possibilities. This would be surprising from the standpoint of neoclassical economic theory, to the extent that SEM utilizes available information about the potential costs and benefits of projects. Within the framework of evolutionary, capabilities-based theories of the firm, however, this discovery and its exploitation in SEM make perfect sense. Capabilities theory would imply that firms' intrin- sic path dependence may previously have obscured such opportunities. This paper examines the theory of SEM, its implications for neoclassical and capabilities the- ories of the firm, and survey results drawn from the author's work with member companies in a regional pollution prevention roundtable.
Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the rat adrenal

Abstract A pseudoCushing syndrome, indistinguishable from true Cushing syndrome except that it disappears with abstinence from alcohol, is known to occur in alcoholics. An animal model was used to study this syndrome in vitro, as earlier studies have shown that ethanol administration to animals increases corticosterone secretion. Such secretion appears to be the result of ethanol-induced ACTH secretion. We have examined the effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the production of three steroids: corticosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione in the isolated perfused rat adrenal. The adrenal glands and left kidney of rats were perfused with medium and one of the following additions: ethanol, acetaldehyde, ACTH or ACTH with either ethanol or acetaldehyde. The amount of the three steroids in the adrenal and the perfusion effluent was determined and compared to that of nonperfused adrenal glands. We found that perfusion with medium alone increased the production of each steroid (p
A numerical scheme for morphological bed level calculations

Abstract The typical equation for bed level change in sediment transport in river, estuary and near shore systems is based on conservation of sediment mass. It is generally a nonlinear conservation equation for bed level. The physics here are similar to shallow water wave equations and gas dynamics equation which will develop shock waves in many circumstances. Many state-of-art morphological models use classical lower order Lax–Wendroff or modified Lax–Wendroff schemes for morphology which are not very stable for long time sediment transport processes simulation. Filtering or artificial diffusion are often added to achieve stability. In this paper, several shock capturing schemes are discussed for simulating bed level change with different accuracy and stability behaviors. The conclusion is in favor of a fifth order Euler-WENO scheme which is introduced to sediment transport simulations here over other schemes. The Euler-WENO scheme is shown to have significant advantages over schemes with artificial viscosity and filtering processes, hence is highly recommended especially for phase-resolving sediment transport models.
A randomized trial of moderately early low-dose dexamethasone therapy in very low birth weight infants: dynamic pulmonary mechanics, oxygenation, and ventilation.

Objective. Dexamethasone is used in very low birth weight (VLBW) ventilator-dependent infants to prevent or decrease the severity of chronic lung disease. We reported a significant increase in respiratory compliance during a 7-day weaning course of moderately early dexamethasone therapy (0.5 mg/kg/d) in VLBW infants, along with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and O 2 supplementation. Although 0.5 mg/kg/d has been the most commonly used dose in preterm infants, the use of a lower dose of dexamethasone may reduce potential adverse effects of steroid therapy. Quantification of dynamic pulmonary mechanics in VLBW infants who receive low-dose dexamethasone has not been reported. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 dose regimens of dexamethasone on dynamic pulmonary mechanics, mean airway pressure (MAP), and fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FIO 2 ) in intubated VLBW infants who were at risk for chronic lung disease. Methods. We studied 47 VLBW (birth weight: 550-1290 g; gestational age: 24-30 weeks) ventilator-dependent infants at 7 to 14 days of age. Twenty-three infants were randomized to receive dexamethasone at 0.5 mg/ kg/d intravenously for 3 days (high dose), 0.25 mg/kg/d for 3 days, and 0.1 mg/kg/d during the 7th day; 24 infants received low-dose dexamethasone as 0.2 mg/kg/d for 3 days and 0.1 mg/kg/d for 4 days. Respiratory compliance (Crs) and resistance were measured before and on days 2, 5, and 7 of dexamethasone therapy. We recorded airway pressure, flow, and tidal volume, and mechanical breaths were analyzed. Results. Crs significantly increased during dexamethasone therapy in both groups of infants when compared with baseline (74% increase in the high-dose group and 66% increase in the low-dose group). Dexamethasone increased tidal volume and significantly reduced FIO 2 and MAP in both groups of infants. A transient increase in blood pressure was noted in both groups. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that 1) comparable significant increases in Crs are present in the low-dose dexamethasone as well as the high-dose dexamethasone groups on days 2, 5, and 7 of steroid therapy; and 2) MAP and FIO 2 are significantly decreased during dexamethasone therapy in both groups of infants. We conclude that low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone, as used in this study, have comparable beneficial effects on dynamic pulmonary mechanics and subsequently on oxygen requirement and applied ventilatory support in VLBW infants.
Co‐inoculation of prostate cancer cells with U937 enhances tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been implicated in promoting tumor growth and development. Here we present evidence that demonstrates that co-inoculation of male athymic nude mice with PC-3 prostate cancer cells and U937 promonocytic cells enhances tumor growth and increases tumor angiogenesis. Male athymic nude mice were co-inoculated with PC-3 and U937 cells (control or IL-4 stimulated) and tumor growth was monitored over time. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor specimens was performed for proliferation markers (e.g., Ki67) and the effects of IL-4 stimulation on U937 cells were analyzed for chemokine expression. The presence of U937 cells increased the rate of tumor growth in vivo and stimulated increased microvascular density within the tumor bed. Stimulation of U937 cells with IL-4 resulted in a significant increase in several pro-angiogenic and pro-tumor chemokines (e.g., CCL2). Co-inoculation increases prostate cancer growth via upregulation of chemokines that induce angiogenesis within the tumor.
Effect of heparinization of catheters on pulmonary artery oximetry.

A clinical study was performed in two phases to determine whether pulmonary artery oximeter catheters that were impregnated or bonded with heparin would affect the accuracy of measurements of in vivo mixed venous oxygen saturation (S\(\bar v\)O2). In phase 1, 40 patients were catheterized with either a heparin-impregnated or a plain pulmonary artery catheter. Blood was sampled at random times to correlate in vivo with in vitro S\(\bar v\)O2 measurements. In phase 2, 16 patients who were not receiving systemic heparin therapy or aspirin and who had no coagulopathies were catheterized with either a heparin-bonded or a plain pulmonary artery catheter in a blinded order. In phase 1, a total of 364 blood samples were obtained from 40 patients. Linear regression analysis of the pooled data demonstrated y=0.98x−0.01,r=0.93,P<0.001, andn=141 with heparin-impregnated catheters; and y=0.87x+8.0,r=0.81,P<0.001, andn=223 with plain catheters. The mean difference (in vivo minus in vitro) revealed a similar error (−1.3±0.4 versus −1.4±0.4, respectively, mean±SE). The 95% confidence limits of an individual value (±8.1 versus ±12.3) suggested slightly greater accuracy with heparin-impregnated catheters. In phase 2, a total of 134 blood samples were obtained from 16 patients. Linear regression analysis showed nearly equal performance with heparin-bonded and plain catheters (r=0.97 versusr=0.98, respectively) with similar slopes (1.0 versus 1.1, respectively) but different intercepts (−0.6 versus −8.4, respectively). Analysis of the mean difference revealed a measurement error of 0.4±0.3 versus −1.3±0.3 with similar 95% confidence limits of individual values (±5.0 versus ±4.8, respectively). These differences do not appear clinically important. These data suggest that heparinization only minimally enhanced accuracy with a pulmonary artery oximetry system, which accurately measured S\(\bar v\)O2 to within 3 to 4% of true values.
Empathy: interactions with emotive robotic drawers

The role of human-robot interaction is becoming more important as everyday robotic devices begin to permeate into our lives. In this study, we video-prototyped a user’s interactions with a set of robotic drawers. The user and robot each displayed one of five emotional states - angry, happy, indifferent, sad, and timid. The results of our study indicated that the participants of our online questionnaire preferred empathetic drawers to neutral ones. They disliked robotic drawers that displayed emotions orthogonal to the user’s emotions. This showed the importance of displaying emotions, and empathy in particular, when designing robotic devices that share our living and working spaces. Category and Subject Descriptors H.5.m [Information Interface and Presentation]: Miscellaneous.
Turbulence spectra from individual realization laser velocimetry data

Two techniques — a modified correlation method and a direct transform method — have been evaluated for use in making spectral estimates from randomly-sampled random data (such as turbulence data obtained with an individual realization laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV)). The effect of “bad” points (which usually appear randomly in actual LDV data sets) on the spectral estimates has been studied. Necessary modifications and extensions to the techniques have been determined based on studies using simulated data with known spectral characteristics. The direct transform method is found to have certain advantages over the correlation method.
Retinal arteriovenous malformation presenting with retinal vein occlusion during pregnancy.

PURPOSE To report the clinical course and treatment outcomes of a patient with a previously undiagnosed retinal arteriovenous malformation who developed retinal vein occlusions and cystoid macular edema during pregnancy. METHODS Observational case report. RESULTS A 26-year-old pregnant woman at 26 weeks' gestation with no medical history presented with decreased vision. On examination, a retinal arteriovenous malformation associated with multiple vein occlusions and cystoid macular edema was found in the affected eye. No intracranial arteriovenous malformations were found on neuroimaging. The patient was not immediately treated and cystoid macular edema persisted on subsequent follow-up visits. After the patient stopped breastfeeding, she was treated with a single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab, which resulted in resolution of cystoid macular edema and improvement in visual acuity from 6/200 to 20/200. CONCLUSION The clinical course of retinal arteriovenous malformations may be altered by pregnancy and treatment with intravitreal Avastin (bevacizumab) may be beneficial for cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusions in this setting.
Advanced Uncertainty Quantification For Fission Observables

Abstract In order to provide realistic evaluated uncertainties, well-prepared prior information but also adequate quantification of experimental uncertainties and their correlations are needed. In contemporary evaluations, the latter are often estimated roughly or neglected altogether — especially when it comes to correlations of uncertainties between experiments. In this contribution, a statistical analysis of 237 Np(n,f) cross section data for 0.5–200 MeV is presented where special care was taken to estimate realistic correlations of uncertainties of the same and between different experiments. It is shown that taking correlations between experiments into account leads to larger evaluated uncertainties in the present example. A program to analyze experimental data and their uncertainties and correlations in a more reproducible and systematic manner is under development at LANL.
An ultrastructural study of balloon cell nevus(Relationship of mast cells to nevus cells)

Ultrastructural examination of a balloon cell nevus confirmed previous findings that balloon cells form by progressive vacuolization of melanocytes and nevus cells. Most granules of non-vacuolated nevus cells were round, membrane-bound structures with a uniform particulate matrix. Early changes leading to the formation of vacuoles in epidermal melanocytes included enlargement of melanosomes with separation of their fibers. Early changes leading to formation of vacuoles in dermal nevus cells included microvacuole formation in nevus granules and diffuse loss of particulate matrix. Loss of particulate matrix allowed visualization of discrete ellipsoid melanosomes in some nevus granules. Some of the epidermal balloon cells were keratinocytes. These may have developed by transfer of altered melanosomes from keratinocytes. Numerous mast cells were present; some of these showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and granules with microvacuoles. This observation, as well as the presence of ultrastructural intergrades betwten mast cells and nevus cells, supports the proposal that mast cells and nevus cells (as well as melanocytes) are histogenetically related.
Abstract 2941: The role of lysine acetylation in the tumor cell response to stress.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Solid breast tumors contain heterogenous microenvironments where tumor cells are often exposed to metabolic stress (e.g., hypoxia due to poor blood supply). Such environments select for tumor cells that can adapt metabolically to survive, while other cells fail to adapt and undergo cell death. The survival of cells through periods of hypoxia can promote chemoresistance and metastasis ([1][1]). Thus, it is critical that we develop therapeutic strategies to enhance metabolic-stress-induced tumor cell death. One promising strategy is the modulation of lysine acetylation pathways by HDAC inhibitors that potently promote cell death in response to various stimuli, including hypoxia/glucose withdrawal. Given the relatively non-specific nature of chemical HDAC inhibitors, the precise acetylation-regulating enzymes and pathways that govern cell death in these settings have yet to be fully elucidated. Our goal is to identify the cellular factors that link acetylation to cell death in response to hypoxia and other metabolic stresses, with the hope that such factors could be exploited therapeutically in cancer. Previous studies have implicated protein lysine acetylation in the coordination of cellular metabolism to the available nutrient supply ([2][1]). In line with this idea, our preliminary data suggest that lysine acetylation pathways dictate whether breast tumor cells survive (through metabolic adaptation) or die in response to hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Moreover, we have observed that general increases in protein lysine acetylation precede the activation of pro-apoptotic caspases in response to these stresses. In addition, our proteomics efforts have shown that breast tumors that are sensitive to hypoxia/glucose withdrawal exhibit significant increases in acetylation across the proteome, whereas resistant cells show very little change. Together, our data suggest that lysine acetylation pathways play a role in metabolic adaption and survival under conditions of hypoxia/glucose withdrawal. We are currently using an RNAi approach to target all known deacetylases, acetyl-transferases, and metabolic enzymes that modulate acetylation (e.g., acetyl-CoA synthetase) in order to identify the specific acetylation-regulating factors that govern tumor cell susceptibility to metabolic stress. Citation Format: Lisa Heppler, Joshua L. Andersen. The role of lysine acetylation in the tumor cell response to stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2941. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2941 [1]: #ref-1
Spatially periodic steady-state solutions of a reversible system at strong and subharmonic resonances

Abstract We study steady-state, spatially periodic solutions of a system of reaction-diffusion equations introduced by Shyldkrot and Ross by both numerical integration of the time-dependent system and application of theorems of Arnol'd and Sevryuk to the steady-state reversible system. The results illustrate rich behavior of reversible systems recently discovered by Vanderbauwhede.
The Problem of Assessing Cerebral Dominance and Its Relationship to Intelligence

Summary A battery of tasks designed to measure both the direction and the degree of cerebral dominance was assembled. Care was taken to insure that items were included which tested not only preference, but also control and function laterality: in addition, tasks measured not simply handedness, but also laterality of foot, eye, and ear. A scoring system was devised which appropriately weighted the tasks and assigned a differential score termed the Index of Cerebral Dominance. The ICD was found to have a test-retest reliability of .86. The ICD, along with the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale, was administered to 100 subjects, arranged into 5 groups of 20 subjects each. Groups included: (1) individuals with superior intelligence, with no brain damage; (2) individuals with average intelligence, with no brain damage; (3) individuals with retarded intelligence, with no brain damage; (4) individuals with average intelligence, with lateralized brain damage; (5) individuals with retarded intelligence, with lateralized brain damage. Results indicated a correlation of .81 between intelligence scores and ICD scores, for subjects with no brain damage. The correlation was .43 for individuals with lateralized brain damage. Both of these correlations were significant, as was the difference between the correlations. These results were interpreted as support for the hypotheses that there is a significant relationship between cerebral dominance and intelligence, and that such a relationship is more predictable for individuals without other brain disorders than it is for individuals who are so damaged. It was also found that ICD scores of individuals with retarded intelligence but no brain damage, were the lowest of any group, and significantly lower than scores of a group with similar intelligence, but who had brain damage. These results apparently suggest that cerebral dominance is not only related to intelligence, but might play a role in determining intelligence.
Spin probe studies of photo-induced structural changes in phospholipid multibilayers containing light-sensitive pigments.

Abstract : Biological photochemical processes, for example photosynthesis and vision, are closely associated with membranes. These processes are complex, both structurally and functionally, and many model system studies have been carried out in the attempt to understand the nature of the underlying elementary processes. Because lamellar structures are associated with chloroplasts and retinal rod segments, a number of photochemical properties of lipid bilayers containing chlorophyll and retinal have been carried out. The present communication indicates that illumination of phospholipid bilayers containing photoactive pigments can cause changes in the structural arrangement of the phospholipids, suggesting that such changes may play a role in biological photochemical processes.
Age Related Changes in the Concentration of Serum Keratan Sulphate in Children

Serum was obtained from 155 children at the time of admission to hospital for elective surgery. The concentration of serum keratan sulphate was determined by an ELISA which uses an antibody specific for keratan sulphate, a molecule found predominantly in cartilage. Concentrations of keratan sulphate rise progressively during the first four years of life (0-2: mean = 357 micrograms/l; 2-4: mean = 422 micrograms/l) and then remain high until 12 years of age (mean = approx. 500 micrograms/l). At this time, concentrations drop markedly (13-year olds: mean = 377 micrograms/l; 14-year olds: mean = 318 micrograms/l). After age 15, concentrations continue to fall toward the concentrations found in normal adults. Serum concentrations did not show significant differences with respect to disease category, sex or race but were found to vary, sometimes markedly, from child to child at any one age. The results suggest human cartilage undergoes significant changes in metabolic activities during maturation. Measurements of keratan sulphate concentration in serum may prove useful in studying the biochemical and physiological bases of these changes and in monitoring growth or endochondral ossification during maturation.
The Theory of Biconjugate Networks

The properties possessed in common by biconjugate networks are derived. It is shown that all biconjugate networks possess the following properties: (1) Of the six possible transfer impedances only three are independent, one of them being infinite; (2) The magnitudes of the reflection coefficients at each resistance are equal; (3) The phase angles of the transfer impedances are not independent but must satisfy equation (4) of the text. It is shown that biconjugate networks can be divided into two classes depending upon the phase relationship existing between pairs of transfer impedances. One class of networks is such that the responses to two driving voltages consist of one output proportional to the sum of the driving voltage and of one output proportional to the difference of the driving voltages. Waveguide networks, such as hybrid circles, magic tees, and directional couplers, are examples of quasi-biconjugate networks. The 7/2-?g hybrid circle is analyzed in detail. Computations yielding all the driving-point and transfer impedances have been made. The results are plotted. Two quantities measuring the deviation of the 7/2-?g hybrid circle from the ideal behavior are defined and evaluated. One of these quantities measures the cross coupling between pairs of quasi-conjugate arms. The other quantity measures the degree to which the network fails to take sums and differences.
Parent–Child Conversational Styles in Middle Childhood: Gender and Social Class Differences

Interactions between parents and their third grade children were coded for 40 dyads from the Midwest US, evenly divided by gender and social class. Transcripts were coded for parents’ and children’s use of assertive and affiliative conversational styles. Overall, mothers used more affiliative speech than fathers, and fathers used more assertive speech than mothers; both parents used more affiliative speech with sons and more assertive speech with daughters. Middle class parents were more affiliative in their conversational styles than working class parents. No differences in children’s speech were found for either gender or class. These results suggest that parents convey implicit information about gender and social status to children through everyday interactions.
SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF TWO LIVE INFLUENZA VACCINES

Live, attenuated, intranasally administered influenza A vaccines are being actively evaluated for influenza protection in children. For practical and theoretical reasons, it is important to know if two influenza vaccine strains can be administered simultaneously. Towards this end, cold-adapted H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines at an equivalent dose (106.5TCID50) were mixed and administered intranasally to 18 doubly seronegative children. Nasal washes were collected daily for 10 days to document virus shedding. Virus was grown in the presence of type specific antisera to determine strains being shed. Plaques were picked at a terminal dilution and hemagglutinins and neuraminidases were characterized to detect reassortant (H3N1 or H1N2) virus. Clinically the simultaneous administration of vaccine was well tolerated with no increase in respiratory symptoms when compared to 4 placebo controls in the trial or to previous studies in which each vaccine strain was given independently. H1N1 virus shedding predominated particularly between days 6-10 when there were 44 instances of H1N1 virus recovery vs 19 instances of H3N2. Reassortant plaques were recovered with 3 H3N1 and 21 H1N2 plaques among 97 analyzed indicating the potential for influenzal reassortment (a mechanism for emergence of new strains) in the human host. An HAI serologic response was shown to H1N1 in 13 (72%) and to H3N2 in 12 (67%) by 6 weeks after vaccination. This compares to 57% (50/87) seroconversion with the H1N1 vaccine and 85% (40/47) with the H3N2 vaccine when each was given alone. Two influenza strains of similar attenuation (each contain identical cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 internal genes) may be given simultaneously with only minimal interference with H3N2 virus shedding and serologic response. This observation greatly increases the potential utility of these vaccines.
Role of nitric oxide in regulating the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to endotoxemia.

This work examines the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the periphery (i.e., on the pituitary) and the brain (particularly on corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF] and vasopressin [VP] neurons in the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] of the hypothalamus) as a modulator of the ACTH response to lipopolysaccharide. We previously showed that NO restricted the pituitary response to VP while it facilitated the synthesis of PVN CRF and VP. In our experience, only relatively high doses of lipopolysaccharide (>50 microg/kg, injected intravenously [i.v.]) cause detectable increases in PVN neuronal activation. Our hypothesis, therefore, was that pituitary NO-VP interactions would predominate in rats injected with a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 microg/kg, i.v.) while the stimulatory influence of the gas on PVN neuronal activity would play an important role following i.v. injection of a large dose of lipopolysaccharide (50 microg/kg, i.v.). We observed that the ability of 0.5 microg/kg lipopolysaccharide to release ACTH was significantly enhanced by the subcutaneous (s.c.), but not the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of L-NAME, an arginine derivative that blocks NO synthesis. The effect of s.c. L-NAME was reversed by immunoneutralization of endogenous VP, which indicated that in this model, the ability of lipopolysaccharide to release ACTH depended, at least in part, on the influence exerted by NO on the pituitary response to VP. In rats injected with the high lipopolysaccharide dose, the s.c. injection of L-NAME decreased plasma ACTH levels compared to those in rats pretreated with the vehicle. The effect of s.c. L-NAME was not significantly altered by VP antibodies. These results indicate that in this model, the primary influence of NO was exerted in the PVN and/or its afferents and that it did not depend on a peripheral, VP-mediated effect of the gas. On the one hand, these data are at odds with our finding that the i.c.v. injection of L-NAME only marginally altered the ACTH response to the large dose of lipopolysaccharide. As i.c.v. injected L-NAME should have primarily decreased hypothalamic, but not pituitary NOS, its only modest influence on ACTH release may have been due to a balance between stimulating and inhibiting effects of NO within the brain. As high doses of lipopolysaccharide increase brain levels of prostaglandin, monoamine, and proinflammatory cytokines, it will be important to investigate the influence exerted by NO on these secretagogues and on their interactions with PVN CRF and VP neurons, which may help us resolve the issues raised by our results. Collectively, these data support our hypothesis that the mechanisms mediating the ACTH response to a low lipopolysaccharide concentration involve the inhibitory VP-mediated influence of NO on pituitary activity. By contrast, the stimulatory effect of high doses of lipopolysaccharide on ACTH release depends, at least in part, on the ability of NO to upregulate PVN neuronal activity.
Interactive α- and β-adrenergic actions of norepinephrine in rat cardiac myocytes

We investigated the effects of the physiological neurotransmitter norepinephrine on the contractile properties and Ca2+ dynamics of isolated cardiac myocytes, with particular emphasis on possible interactions between alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects. Individual rat ventricular myocytes were electrically stimulated at a frequency of 1 Hz. Norepinephrine (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) increased extent and velocity of shortening and decreased the contraction duration. beta-Adrenergic activation gave a greater enhancement of extent and velocity of shortening than did norepinephrine alone (i.e. alpha plus beta). Neither alpha 1 nor alpha 2 adrenergic activation individually produced a significant impact upon contraction. Using suspensions of myocytes loaded with Quin-2, we also studied resting levels of cytosolic Ca2+ ([ Ca2+]c), the increase of [Ca2+]c due to caffeine-addition (as an index of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content) and the subsequent increase in [Ca2+]c due to depolarization with 30 mM K+ (as an index of sarcolemmal voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity). Norepinephrine decreased resting [Ca2+]c, increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content and increased Ca2+ channel activity. beta-Adrenergic activation produced the same effect on resting [Ca2+]c and sarcoplasmic reticulum content, but gave significantly greater activation of sarcolemmal Ca2+ channel activity, than did norepinephrine (alpha plus beta). By contrast, alpha-adrenergic stimulation had no effect on resting [Ca2+]c or sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content. We conclude that beta-mediated effects predominate in the action of the physiological agonist norepinephrine on cardiac myocytes. However, alpha (specifically alpha 1)-adrenergic effects are significant in diminishing the potentiation of the extent and velocity of shortening, and of depolarization-induced entry of Ca2+ into the cell, which is seen on beta-stimulation alone. Thus, there may be an intrinsic feedback effect in the actions of norepinephrine on the cardiac myocyte.
A Note on Spanish Vocabulary

A S one feature of her Master's thesis, The Incidence of a Limited Vocabulary in Spanish Prose, which was directed in major part by Professor Walter E. Stiefel and was accepted by the Graduate School of the University of Tennessee in August, 1936, Miss Evelyn White investigated the following question relative to Spanish vocabulary: How many words of prose of average difficulty will the student probably have to read in order to encounter all or nearly all of the first 1,500 or of the first 2,200 words of the Buchanan Spanish Word Book?1 The results of her investigation are presented in summary fashion herewith.2 The study involved the counting of 20,000 running words from each of two books, Benavente's Rosas de otofo and Valle-Inclin's Sonata de otoio,3 both of which Miss White shows, with appropriate figures, to be composed in prose which may justifiably be considered as of average difficulty.4 Disregarding for the purposes of this summary a number of her tables which contain a varied array of interesting figures relative to the vocabulary make-up of the two books, one finds the core of her problem revealed by the table on the following page. The table is to be read as follows: in line one, in the first 5,000 words of the Sonata de otoio, there are 1,018 different words, of which 559 are included among the first 1,494 of Buchanan, and 647 among the first 2,190.5