cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outpatient total body irradiation for pediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.

Outpatient total body irradiation for pediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation
Husbands and Wives in Dual-Earner Marriages: Decision-Making, Gender Role Attitudes, Division of Household Labor, and Equity

Abstract The clearly defined work and family roles of the traditional American family model-husbands as breadwinners and wives as homemakers-have been replaced by a model where both husbands and wives are employed, creating the need to re-negotiate family roles. The current study examined: (1) differences in perceived decision-making, gender-role attitudes, division of household labor and perceived marital equity in dual-earner husbands and wives (n = 233); and (2) the impact of perceived decision-making, gender-role attitudes, and division of household labor on perceived marital equity. Findings indicated that decision-making, low-control household labor, and high-control household labor differed significantly between husbands and wives. Wives spent more time in household labor and were much more likely to be involved in low-control household tasks. Perceptions of marital equity were influenced by decision-making and time spent in low-control household tasks for both husbands and wives.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in sweat‐gland carcinomas

Using standard immunoperoxidase techniques, four cases of malignant sweat-gland carcinoma were examined for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This substance was universally present in these lesions in spite of their wide spectrum of histologic features. CEA was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of tumor cells and in the lumina of neoplastic glands. The findings indicate that the presence of CEA in malignant skin adnexal tumors could help to identify and categorize these lesions as derived from eccrine or apocrine adnexal epithelium.
How Different is Tito's Communism?.

Neal's article constitutes a good survey of what the Yugoslav Communists have said in recent years about the role of the Communist Party in their system. From a critical standpoint, however, it stops short of cutting through the Communist jargon. This has led him into taking contradictory positions. In the comments that follow, I will confine myself to examining his major conclusion that Yugoslav Communism has â€œpioneered in new forms and theories of Marxism,â€ and the related inference, implied more than once, that Yugoslavia may be evolving toward democracy.
Bed expansion in high velocity fluidization

Abstract Bed expansion of fine powders was investigated in two high aspect ratio fluid beds, an expanded top bed and a circulating system. The range of gas velocities (0.07 – 8 m/s) spanned the bubbling/slugging, turbulent, fast, and dense conveying fluidization regimes. The two-phase theory was shown generally not to apply in the slugging and the higher velocity fluidization regimes. A modified Richardson-Zaki approach, using an ‘effective’ cluster terminal velocity, was shown to adequately describe bed expansion. Changes in slope of the expansion curve were associated with regime changes, and can prove useful for the analysis of large diameter fluid beds. The effect of particle size distribution was shown to be considerable.
California Porcini: Three New Taxa, Observations on Their Harvest, and the Tragedy of No Commons1

California Porcini: Three New Taxa, Observations on their Harvest, and the Tragedy of No Commons. Seven species of California porcini (Boletus, sect. Boletus) are recognized, including three new taxa that are culturally and economically significant: B. rex-veris sp. nov., B. regineus sp. nov., and B. edulis var. grandedulis var. nov. The three new taxa have been intensively gathered during the last century by Italian immigrants, and B. rex-veris sp. nov. more recently by southeast Asian immigrants as well as by long-time rural residents. B. rex-veris sp. nov. is restricted to inland mountains while the other two are widely distributed, and are abundant in California’s heavily populated coastal zone. In the 1990s, reflecting the preservationist policies of mainstream environmental organizations, many park authorities and land management agencies in coastal California closed public lands to mushroom gathering. Organized attempts to establish legal, limited gathering in a few parks were almost entirely unsuccessful. The result is that it is illegal to pick porcini on nearly all public lands over a 6,000-square-mile area, even though they grow prolifically in coastal California. Many of coastal California’s porcini are picked anyway by those willing to risk being apprehended and fined. In response to the official intolerance for mushroom gathering, an entire generation of mushroom hunters has grown up practicing the activity in secret.
Endogenous tariffs and trade adjustment assistance

Abstract This paper examines whether trade adjustment assistance is an effective tool for blunting political opposition to trade liberalization. The traditional argument is that adjustment assistance bribes labor unions so that they will accept reduced tariff protection. In this way, a trade adjustment assistance program should help the government lower tariffs and increase social welfare. This paper introduces trade adjustment assistance into a political economy model of endogenous tariff formation. The model shows that adjustment assistance reduces policy makers’ incentives to press for trade liberalization and may slow down the pace of reform and lower social welfare under certain plausible conditions.
A Review of Single-Item Internet Auction Literature and a Model for Future Research

Internet auctions have received a considerable amount of attention from researchers. We review recent empirical literature pertaining to single-item Internet auctions and observe that existing work has examined the roles of the auctioneer, bidder, and seller in Internet auctions. As this stream of research matures, research will necessarily move from concept discovery and process explanation to theory deepening. As a first step towards synthesis of findings in Internet auctions, we compile a comprehensive list of the various factors that have been examined in empirical studies and note their general impact upon auction outcome. Based upon this extant research, we propose a conceptual model of Internet auctions as a framework for structuring future work into Internet auctions. We then note the existing economic, psychological, sociological, and cognitive theoretical bases for work on Internet auctions. We conclude by highlighting the potential for behavioral economics to bring unity to Internet auction research and by calling researchers to engage in the work of forging a comprehensive theory of Internet auctions.
Identification and Characterization of a Phloem-Specific [beta]-Amylase

A monoclonal antibody, RS 5, was raised by injecting sieve elements isolated from tissue cultures of Streptanthus tortuosus (Brassicacae) into BALB/c mice and screening resultant hybridoma supernatants for the labeling of phloem using immunofluorescence microscopy. The RS 5 monoclonal antibody identifies a 57-kD protein on immunoblots, which is present in phloem-forming tissue cultures of S. tortuosus but is absent in cultures that lack phloem. Purified 57-kD protein of S. tortuosus is demonstrated to be a phloem-specific beta-amylase. Partial peptide sequences of the 57-kD protein of S. tortuosus are shown to be 96% identical with the corresponding portions of a deduced sequence reported for a major form of beta-amylase in Arabidopsis thaliana. The RS 5 antibody cross-reacts with the major form of A. thaliana beta-amylase on immunoblots, and the antibody also binds to the sieve elements of A. thaliana using immunofluorescence microscopy. The results suggest that the major form of A. thaliana beta-amylase is a phloem-specific enzyme.
A Study of Certain Relationships Existing Between General Reading Comprehension and Reading Comprehension in a Specific Subject- Matter Area

In spite of the increased attention being directed by research workers and school practitioners to the nature and extent of the reading problem on the secondary school level, responsibilities for the development of an effec tive reading program have not been clearly allocated. This is due, in part, to the fact that the very nature of reading comprehension itself has not been clearly described. In general, school policies in relation to the provision made for reading instruction have varied between two points of view. The first point of view, based upon the assumption that the factors that make for reading compre hension are "general" and, as such, are applicable to several areas of instruc tion, places a premium upon the development of general reading comprehension under the guidance of the English teacher or special reading teacher. The second point of view, in contradistinction to the first, empha sizes the development of reading comprehension under the instruction of the "subject" or "content area" teacher, on the assumption that reading com prehension is composed of a pattern of abilities that vary as to the content area studied, as well as to the purpose for which one reads within that content area. Between these two somewhat extreme points of view is the one that conceives of the responsibility for the development of the skills and abilities that make for adequate comprehension as belonging to both the English or reading teacher and the "content area" teacher. The pro ponents of this viewpoint base their belief on the assumption that reading comprehension involves both general and specific factors. Hence, the read
Contamination, risk, and heterogeneity: on the effectiveness of aquifer remediation

The effectiveness of aquifer remediation is typically expressed in terms of a reduction in contaminant concentrations relative to a regulated maximum contaminant level (MCL), and is usually confirmed by sparse monitoring data and/or simple model calculations. Here, the effectiveness of remediation is re-examined from a more thorough risk-based perspective that goes beyond the traditional MCL concept. A methodology is employed to evaluate the health risk to individuals exposed to contaminated household water that is produced from groundwater. This approach explicitly accounts for differences in risk arising from variability in individual physiology and water use, the uncertainty in estimating chemical carcinogenesis for different individuals, and the uncertainties and variability in contaminant concentrations within groundwater as affected by transport through heterogeneous geologic media. A hypothetical contamination scenario is developed as a case study in a saturated, alluvial aquifer underlying an actual Superfund site. A baseline (unremediated) human exposure and health risk scenario, as induced by contaminated groundwater pumped from this site, is predicted and compared with a similar estimate based upon pump-and-treat exposure intervention. The predicted reduction in risk in the remediation scenario is not an equitable one—that is, it is not uniform to all individuals within a population and varies according to the level of uncertainty in prediction. The importance of understanding the detailed hydrogeologic connections that are established in the heterogeneous geologic regime between the contaminated source, municipal receptors, and remediation wells, and its relationship to this uncertainty is demonstrated. Using two alternative pumping rates, we develop cost-benefit curves based upon reduced exposure and risk to different individuals within the population, under the presence of uncertainty.
Sexual arousal and interpersonal evaluations

Abstract In an attempt to reconcile conflicting results concerning the effects of sexual arousal on interpersonal evaluations, hypotheses based on adaptation level, arousal-need gratification, and labeling of arousal explanations were tested. The variables of sexual arousal, technique of stimulus material presentation, physical attractiveness of the original stimulus female, and physical attractiveness of the final target person being judged were manipulated in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 design. A significant three-way interaction (Arousal × Stimulus Attractiveness × Target Attractiveness) obtained on all measures of interpersonal evaluation was interpreted as supporting a labeling of arousal explanation. It is suggested that subjects first interpret their arousal as being caused by their attraction toward the stimulus person. The characteristics of the stimulus person then become a factor used by subjects when they subsequently make judgments of target females. The adaptation-level and arousal-need gratification hypotheses were not supported.
A v-myc-Immortalized Sympathoadrenal Progenitor Cell Line in Which Neuronal Differentiation Is Initiated by FGF but Not NGF

Sympathetic neurons differentiate from a developmentally restricted progenitor cell in the neural crest-derived sympathoadrenal lineage. We have isolated these progenitors by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immortalized them using a v-myc-containing retrovirus. The complement of antigenic markers expressed by these lines suggests that they have retained many of the properties of their normal counterparts.These lines initiate neuronal differentiation in response to basic FGF, but not to NGF, and do not contain NGF receptor mRNA. In NGF plus FGF, however, a small percentage of the cells differentiate to NGF-dependent postmitotic neurons. Furthermore, an induction of NGF receptor mRNA can be observed in response to FGF Thus, the development of sympathetic neurons may involve a relay, in which FGF both initiates differentiation and induces the NGF receptor, which in turn controls further maturation and survival.
Comparing extraction methods to recover ginseng saponins from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), followed by purification using fast centrifugal partition chromatography with HPLC verification

Abstract A series of experiments were carried out to compare the extraction of ginseng saponins, ginsenosides, from powdered American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) using pressurized hot water and the more conventional ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Three solvents were tested, water, n-butanol-saturated water, and water-saturated n-butanol. Each resulting extract was further purified using fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) in order to better quantify the contents of the crude plant extract. The pressurized hot water system extracted a greater yield of saponins, 11.2 mg/g (extraction at 110 °C and 440 kPa), than the ultrasonic-assisted method, 7.2 mg/g (extraction at variable temperature with no external pressure). The difference in solvent system for either extraction methods was not significant, and the results gave credence for the use of water as the extraction solvent. n-Butanol-saturated water yielded the most saponins (10.1 mg/g), while water yielded 9.8 mg/g, and water-saturated n-butanol yielded 7.8 mg/g. Since water is an environmentally benign solvent, this result is quite attractive for future work.
827 EVIDENCE THAT BRONCHIAL REACTIVITY MAY BE INHERITED

Different genetic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the presence of asthma in families. A methacholine (M) inhalation challenge identifies non-specific bronchial reactivity. It may be possible to determine whether the M response is a marker that can be utilized in genetic studies. Subjects were selected from normal (NF) and asthma (AF) families enrolled in a Natural History of Asthma study. Subjects were included in the analysis if they did not have asthma, allergic disease or a recent respiratory infection. The M studies were performed by standard procedures (JACI 64:569, 1979), and expressed as the area under the best-fitting parabola of the dose response curve. One-hundred eighty-four subjects from AF and 128 from NF were included. A frequency plot of age-corrected M responses showed a bimodal distribution of normals from AF while normals from NF had an unimodal distribution. Twenty-four non-asthmatic parent pairs of normal children from NF and 20 non-asthmatic parent pairs of asthmatics were included in a separate M response frequency plot. The M response of parents of asthmatics had a bimodal pattern, while the distribution of responses of parents of normal children was unimodal. These results show that the methacholine response can measure non-specific bronchial reactivity without the presence of clinical asthma and that a familial component exists which may be transmitted from one generation to the next.
Ventricular arrhythmia induced by programmed ventricular stimulation after acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract The prevalence, characteristics and clinical significance of ventricular electrical instability with programmed ventricular stimulation was studied in 50 hemodynamically stable patients 17 to 40 days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using double extrastimuli at 2- and 10-mA intensity and from 2 right ventricular sites. Ventricular electrical instability was defined as induction of 10 or more consecutive intraventricular reentrant beats. Of 50 patients, 23 (46%) had ventricular electrical instability (10 of these had sustained ventricular tachycardia [VT] induced). No significant differences were observed between patients with and without ventricular electrical instability with respect to age, site of AMI, coronary prognostic index, maximal level of CK, number of narrowed coronary arteries and presence of severe wall motion abnormalites. During a mean follow-up of 11.2 months no patient died suddenly. During repeated Holter recordings patients with ventricular electrical instability had a higher incidence of nonsustained VT than did patients without ventricular electrical instability.
Characterization of scatter in digital mammography from physical measurements.

Purpose: That scattered radiation negatively impacts the quality of medical radiographic imaging is well known. In mammography, even slight amounts of scatter reduce the high contrast required for subtle soft-tissue imaging. In current clinical mammography, image contrast is partially improved by use of an antiscatter grid. This form of scatter rejection comes with a sizeable dose penalty related to the concomitant elimination of valuable primary radiation. Digital mammography allows the use of image processing as a method of scatter correction that might avoid effects that negatively impact primary radiation, while potentially providing more contrast improvement than is currently possible with a grid. For this approach to be feasible, a detailed characterization of the scatter is needed. Previous research has modeled scatter as a constant background that serves as a DC bias across the imaging surface. The goal of this study was to provide a more substantive data set for characterizing the spatially-variant features of scatter radiation at the image detector of modern mammography units. Methods: This data set was acquired from a model of the radiation beam as a matrix of very narrow rays or pencil beams. As each pencil beam penetrates tissue, the pencil widens in a predictable mannermore » due to the production of scatter. The resultant spreading of the pencil beam at the detector surface can be characterized by two parameters: mean radial extent (MRE) and scatter fraction (SF). The SF and MRE were calculated from measurements obtained using the beam stop method. Two digital mammography units were utilized, and the SF and MRE were found as functions of target, filter, tube potential, phantom thickness, and presence or absence of a grid. These values were then used to generate general equations allowing the SF and MRE to be calculated for any combination of the above parameters. Results: With a grid, the SF ranged from a minimum of about 0.05 to a maximum of about 0.16, and the MRE ranged from about 3 to 13 mm. Without a grid, the SF ranged from a minimum of 0.25 to a maximum of 0.52, and the MRE ranged from about 20 to 45 mm. The SF with a grid demonstrated a mild dependence on target/filter combination and kV, whereas the SF without a grid was independent of these factors. The MRE demonstrated a complex relationship as a function of kV, with notable difference among target/filter combinations. The primary source of change in both the SF and MRE was phantom thickness. Conclusions: Because breast tissue varies spatially in physical density and elemental content, the effective thickness of breast tissue varies spatially across the imaging field, resulting in a spatially-variant scatter distribution in the imaging field. The data generated in this study can be used to characterize the scatter contribution on a point-by-point basis, for a variety of different techniques.« less
Inferring Default Probabilities from Credit Spreads

Default probabilities (PDs) for risky obligors are derived from market spreads and spread volatilities. The method assumes that 1) credit spreads, on average, are linear functions of spread volatility and that 2) investors require the same spread compensation per unit of spread volatility regardless of its source. Credit spreads are decomposed into two parts: compensation for default and compensation for spread volatility. An analysis of the credit risk premium is described as a precursor to estimating default probabilities from market data. Finally, market-implied PDs are used to assess risk and relative value of global sovereign issuers of external debt.
Computer program in Visual Basic language for simulation of meshing and contact of gear drives and its application for design of worm gear drive

The authors propose: (i) enhanced computer program for simulation of meshing and contact of gear drives; (ii) application of computer program for analysis of worm gear drive; and (iii) advanced design of worm gear drive with reduced transmission errors and favorable bearing contact. The output of Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) program are: function of transmission errors, path of contact and bearing contact. The program is written in Visual Basic language and enables to combine numerical computation and graphical illustration. The improved design of worm gear drive is based on application of an oversized hob and modified worm generated by varied plunging of the generating tool. It is discovered that worm generation without tool plunging may cause positive transmission errors, unacceptable for favorable conditions of force transmission. Positive transmission errors are the herald of possible surface interference. A predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors is provided in order to absorb transmission errors caused by errors of alignment and reduce the level of vibrations, especially in the case of application of multi-thread worms. The investigation is accomplished for a worm-gear drive with the Klingelnberg type of the worm that is ground by a circular cone, but the proposed approach may be applied for other types of worm gear drives with cylindrical worms.
Employers, ethics, and novice engineers

Among engineers, their professional status is one of today's live questions. That question is frequently dismissed with a statement that each engineer must improve his individual status by acting and living in a professional manner—that only thus will the status of the profession as a whole be improved. Some observations of Dean Freund, presented in this brief and thought-provoking article, point out that the above is not the whole story; that most engineers are employees; that their employers can make a real contribution to improving the status of the profession; and that such a contribution would be in the enlightened self-interest of such employers. I commend Dean Freund's article to the thoughtful consideration of the membership of the Institute.
Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of paper

Abstract The viscoelastic properties of base-stock and coated papers are conveniently evaluated using DMA in a film-tension mode. Measurements of storage modulus ( E ′) and loss modulus ( E ″) give good reproducibility and yield distinct patterns for paper types. Factors that mediate paper strength in the production environment can be simulated using DMA. Analysis of the individual components, base paper, latex and coated paper gives significant insights into the composite nature of paper. Measured glass transitions in papers with mixed coatings give characteristic peaks that are attributable to the pure latex T g ’s. SEM photomicrographs show changes in surface morphology for coated papers and provide supportive data for DMA.
Correcting Length-Frequency Distributions for Imperfect Detection

Abstract Sampling gear selects for specific sizes of fish, which may bias length-frequency distributions that are commonly used to assess population size structure, recruitment patterns, growth, and survival. To properly correct for sampling biases caused by gear and other sources, length-frequency distributions need to be corrected for imperfect detection. We describe a method for adjusting length-frequency distributions when capture and recapture probabilities are a function of fish length, temporal variation, and capture history. The method is applied to a study involving the removal of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu by boat electrofishing from a 38.6-km reach on the Yampa River, Colorado. Smallmouth Bass longer than 100 mm were marked and released alive from 2005 to 2010 on one or more electrofishing passes and removed on all other passes from the population. Using the Huggins mark–recapture model, we detected a significant effect of fish total length, previous capture history (behavior), year, ...
When Time Won’t Tell: Discourse Relations and Temporal Interpretation in Tagalog

This paper argues that temporal interpretation in Tagalog is driven not simply by aspectual information, but also makes use of top-down discourse information. It is demonstrated here how discourse relations play a role in constraining temporal interpretation, given that Tagalog does not grammatically encode tense, which results in temporal vagueness. Using Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (Asher & Lascarides, 2003), show how temporal information of events is derived from discourse, by determining what type of discourse relation holds across two propositions. A detailed application of how this machinery works is given, explaining how world knowledge affects the temporal interpretation process.
Expanding the Union Zone: Union Renewal through Alternative Forms of Worker Organization

This article presents a conceptual model that seeks to explain why trade union incidence in North America encounters difficulties and how the union movement might approach renewal. Those who use the work of others for profit are considered not only employers, but also "deployers" of labor; even self-employed workers are often in situations of dependency vis-a-vis their deployer. This gives rise to new possibilities and new forms of collective action, which the trade union movement should either embrace or with which it should collaborate.
Size Limitation on Zebra Mussels Consumed by Freshwater Drum May Preclude the Effectiveness of Drum as a Biological Controller

ABSTRACT The septa lengths of bivalve shells were used to estimate shell lengths of the largest zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) crushed and consumed by freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) to determine if size limitation could preclude the effectiveness of drum as a biological controller of the zebra mussel. We examined gut samples of drum (273 to 542 mm long) collected from western Lake Erie in 1991, found the largest mussel (shell length = 21.4 mm) in the 11th largest drum (TL = 405 mm), and observed a reduction of mussel size in larger drum. The lack of a relationship between mussel size and drum size for larger specimens suggests that either drum prefer smaller mussels or the gape between the upper and lower pharyngeal teeth restricts drum feeding to zebra mussels of limited size. Although drum may reduce zebra mussel populations, because of the apparent size limitation of prey it is unlikely that drum would be fully effective as a biological controller; thus, this fish should not be introduce...
Immunological consequences of vasectomy. I. Prospective study through one-year postvasectomy

Autoimmunity to sperm developed in two-thirds of men within 1 year after vasectomy as measured by sperm agglutinating and sperm immobilizing antibody tests. Sperm antibody responses to vasectomy were greater in younger than in older men. A direct relationship was apparent between increasing incidence of sperm immobilizing antibody and genetic predisposition to autoimmune disease. Some vasectomized men developed immune responses to autoantigens other than spermatozoa. Increased antithyroglobulin activity was evenly divided between patients who formed sperm antibody and those who did not. Antinuclear activity was more frequent in patients who were sperm antibody responders.
Fredholm Determinant of an Integral Operator Driven by a Diffusion Process

This article aims to give a formula for differentiating, with respect to 𝑇, an expression of the form 𝜆(𝑇,𝑥)∶=𝔼𝑥[𝑓(𝑋𝑇)𝑒−∫𝑇0𝑉(𝑋𝑠)𝑑𝑠(det(𝐼
A game-theoretic approach to coding for information networks

Since its inception, network coding literature has, for the most part, assumed cooperation among users. In unicast applications where users have no inherent interest in providing (or concealing) their information to (or from) any destinations except for their unique one, this assumption must be reconsidered. In this paper, we examine the impact of selfish users on coding strategies by formulating network coding games, in which users strategies are their encoding/decoding schemes (including encoding functions, block length, rate, etc). Through the use of examples, we show that the rational outcomes of such network coding games are dependent on the particular network coding scheme implemented at intermediate nodes in the network. More specifically, we construct examples that show how careful construction of network coding schemes at intermediate nodes in the network can guarantee that efficient coding solutions will emerge as a rational outcome of the game, even when users are allowed complete freedom in choosing their coding schemes.
ILEAL ATRESIA and ABSENCE OF APPENDIX

A case of ileal atresia with absence of vermiform appendix in a female newborn is reported. At the region about 105 cm from the Treitz's arch, intestinal atresia was observed with an associated V-shaped deformity of the mesentery. Polyp-like protuberance was observed in the area a few centimeters from the blind end of the distal intestine. Histologically, keratinizing squamous cells, bile pigments, lanugo hair, and alcian-blue stained materials and cells were observed in the serosal layer of the tip of the proximal blind segment and mesenterium connecting to this portion. Thrombi were not observed in the mesenterium connecting to the proximal blind segment, gap segment, and distal blind segment. Squamous cells and lanugo hair were found in the green meconium taken from the large intestine. Polyp-like protuberance was surfaced by normal intestinal mucosa, and in its inside there were two layers consisting of folded muscular tissue. In this report, we describe the detailed pathology of ileal atresia and discuss its possible cause.
Infrastructure and the Environment

Infrastructure is the foundation on which industrialized economies are built. As global population has grown and as economies of many regions have expanded, the quantity and scale of infrastructure has increased dramatically. Although some infrastructure is used to move people and commodities, much infrastructure is also used to control natural processes or to extract natural resources. Thus, understanding environmental change necessitates understanding the role of infrastructure in the environment. We review available inventories of infrastructure and current understanding of environmental impacts for different types of infrastructure. We also examine the current status of aging infrastructure and the potential environmental impacts and benefits of infrastructure decommissioning. Finally, we briefly review policies that have facilitated or inhibited infrastructure decommissioning or environmentally oriented modifications of infrastructure operation.
Scheduling and partitioning for multiple loop nests

This paper presents the multiple loop partition scheduling technique, which combines the loop partition and prefetching. It can exploit the data locality better than the traditional loop partition, which only focus on a singleton nested loop, and loop fusion. Moreover, multiple loop partition scheduling balances the computation and memory loading, such that the long memory latency can be hidden effectively. The experiments shows that multiple loop partition scheduling can achieve the significant improvement over the existed methods.
Solving field theory in one space and one time dimension.

By quantizing a realistic field theory in one space and one time dimension at equal light-cone time \ensuremath{\tau}=t+x/c rather than at equal time t, one can find exact solutions to the bound-state problem. The method is nonperturbative and amounts to the diagonalization of finite matrices in Fock space. It applies also for non-Abelian gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions, but is demonstrated here for the simple case of fermions interacting with scalar fields. The success of the light-cone quantization method rests on the existence of a new dynamical quantum number, the harmonic resolution K, which can be understood as the ratio of a characteristic length, the box size L, and the Compton wavelength of a massive particle. We emphasize the appearance of self-induced instantaneous inertias.
Gender and Psychological Essentialism.

Differences entre les sexes et essentialisme psychologique Quand des individus raisonnent de facon essentialiste sur des categories sociales, ils postulent que les diffeences entre les groupes sont des differences de nature (Gelman, 2003 ; Rothbart & Taylor, 1992). Cet article decrit les implications psychologiques et sociales des croyances essentialistes et examine dans quelle mesure les enfants manifestent des indices d’essentialisme psychologique quand ils raisonnent sur les differences entre filles et garcons. Les auteurs discutent des raisons pour lesquelles les enfants, jeunes comme plus âges developpent un raisonnement essentialiste dans certains contextes et pas dans d’autres. En conclusion, les auteurs suggerent des directions futures de recherche et soulignent une condition capitale pour le travail dans le domaine : il faut reduire les croyances rigides concernant les differences entre les sexes.
Synthesis of Hybrid Gold/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Block Copolymer Micelles for Imaging, Drug Delivery, and Magnetic Hyperthermia

In our study, hybrid gold/iron oxide loaded thermoresponsive micelles were synthesized for combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy, and optical imaging. Polymeric micelles made of amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide)-block-poly(epsiv-caprolactone) were conjugated with gold/iron oxide particles which are self-assembled at the hydrophobic polymer core. Thermal sensitivity and magnetic and optical properties of the hybrid gold/iron oxide micelles were investigated for the combined therapy and optical imaging.
REVIEW OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DEPRESSION

Many patients view psychotropics with skepticism and fear and view nutritional supplements as more consistent with their values and beliefs. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the evidence base for nutritional supplements in the treatment of bipolar depression (BD). A literature search for all randomized, controlled clinical trials using nutritional supplements in the treatment of BD was conducted via PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE computerized database. The studies were organized into essential nutrients/minerals, nonessential nutrients, and combinations of nutritional products. Among essential nutrients/minerals, omega-3-fatty acids (O3FAs) have the strongest evidence of efficacy for bipolar depression, although some studies failed to find positive effects from O3FAs. Weak evidence supports efficacy of vitamin C whereas no data support the usefulness of folic acid and choline. Among nonessential nutrients, cytidine is the least supported treatment. Studies of N-acetylcysteine have not resolved its efficacy in treating acute depressive episodes relative to placebo. However, one study demonstrates its potential to improve depressive symptoms over time and the other, though nonsignificant, suggests it has a prophylactic effect. Studies of inositol have been mostly negative, except for 1 study. Those that were negative were underpowered but demonstrated numerically positive effects for inositol. There is no evidence that citicholine is efficacious for uncomplicated BD depression, though it may have value for comorbid substance abuse among BD patients. Finally, combination O3FA-cytidine lacks evidence of efficacy. The findings of this review do not support the routine use of nutritional supplements in the treatment or prophylaxis of BD depression. Studies with more rigorous designs are required before definitive conclusions can be made. Despite the inadequacy of the existing data, clinicians should remain open to the value of nutritional supplements: after all, lithium is a mineral too.
Stability of partner choice among female baboons

In a wide range of taxa, including baboons, close social bonds seem to help animals cope with stress and enhance long-term reproductive success and longevity. Current evidence suggests that female baboons may benefit from establishing and maintaining highly individuated relationships with a relatively small number of partners. Here, we extend previous work on the stability of female baboons’ social relationships in three different ways. First, we assess the stability of females’ social relationships in two distinct and geographically distant sites using the same method. Second, we conduct simulations to determine whether females’ social relationships were more stable than expected by chance. Third, we examine demographic sources of variance in the stability of close social bonds. At both sites, females’ relationships with their most preferred partners were significantly more stable than expected by chance. In contrast, their relationships with less preferred partners were more ephemeral, often changing from year to year. While nearly all females experienced some change in their top partners across time, many maintained relationships with top partners for several years. Females that lived in smaller groups and had more close kin available had more stable social relationships than those that lived in larger groups and had fewer close kin available.
Modeling of unsteady small disturbance transonic flow using parametric differentiation, pseudospectral analysis and finite-differencing

A procedure for solving the nonlinear unsteady small disturbance transonic equation is formulated. This procedure is a synthesis of a pseudospectral method, parametric differentiation, and finite differencing. It is equally applicable to lifting and nonlifting airfoils. The procedure is particularly well suited to aeroelastic stability studies that may require a set of affine solutions.
Microsystems for UV-visible and x-ray analysis of protein crystals

polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microsystems have successfully been fabricated and characterized for studying protein crystals utilizing both UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Transmittance tests have been conducted with PDMS and glass substrates; the measurements indicate that in PDMS, unlike glass, the emerging intensity is higher than 50% of the incident intensity as long as the total optical path is shorter than 100 mum. Indeed, both the UV-visible spectrum and X-ray diffraction of a protein crystal enclosed in a PDMS device are almost identical to those of the crystal alone. Hence, PDMS is suitable as substrate material in device fabrication to study protein crystals. In glass, however, the UV-visible spectrum is significantly distorted and the X-ray diffraction pattern is rather weak resulting in poor signal to noise ratio. Furthermore, microsystems integrated with micro- channels allowing continuous exchange of buffer solution around the protein crystals have been tested; this would greatly enhance the potential to induce, trap and characterize functional states in proteins.
Curcumin for Radiation Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Thirty Breast Cancer Patients

Radiation dermatitis occurs in approximately 95% of patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the ability of curcumin to reduce radiation dermatitis severity in 30 breast cancer patients. Eligible patients were adult females with noninflammatory breast cancer or carcinoma in situ prescribed RT without concurrent chemotherapy. Randomized patients took 2.0 grams of curcumin or placebo orally three times per day (i.e., 6.0 grams daily) throughout their course of RT. Weekly assessments included Radiation Dermatitis Severity (RDS) score, presence of moist desquamation, redness measurement, McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form and Symptom Inventory questionnaire. The 30 evaluable patients were primarily white (90%) and had a mean age of 58.1 years. Standard pooled variances t test showed that curcumin reduced RDS at end of treatment compared to placebo (mean RDS = 2.6 vs. 3.4; P = 0.008). Fisher's exact test revealed that fewer curcumin-treated patients had moist desquamation (28.6% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between arms for demographics, compliance, radiation skin dose, redness, pain or symptoms. In conclusion, oral curcumin, 6.0 g daily during radiotherapy, reduced the severity of radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients.
Envisioning a New Future for the Enterprise with a Big Data Experience Framework

The enterprise experience is often a fragmented one that spans multiple vendors, devices, and products. Big data has garnered attention as companies attempt to transform it into a competitive advantage. In the enterprise where users generate mountains of data, it is often under-utilized for managing the user experience (UX), or at best used in a limited way to improve an individual product. Those wanting to do more with big data often struggle to derive meaningful insights or relate it to outputs of more traditional UX methods. We present a hybrid analysis approach to bridge the chasm between big data and outputs of UX methods; it allowed us to define an over-arching experience framework that provided actionable insights across the enterprise. We will discuss the underlying methodology and how the work is transforming experience decision making. We will highlight how different roles use the framework and provide key learnings from its use.
Implementation of universal screening for depression during pregnancy: feasibility and impact on obstetric care

Background Given the growing policy and public health interest in the identification and treatment of depression in pregnancy, an understanding of the feasibility, challenges, and implications for resource utilization of the implementation of a universal screening program is crucial. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of large-scale implementation of universal screening for depression in pregnancy and during the postpartum period with the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Study Design A prospective observational cohort study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2014 at a large academic medical center. Pregnant women were screened at 24-28 weeks gestation and again 6 weeks postpartum. An Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of ≥12 was the cutoff for referral to mental health services for diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Results Among 8985 women who were enrolled in prenatal care at the participating sites, 8840 women (98%) were screened for depression antepartum, and 7780 women (86%) were screened postpartum. A total of 576 women (6.5%) screened positive for probable depression; of these, 69% screened positive antepartum, and 31% screened positive postpartum ( P P P P = .001). Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of universal depression screening during both the antepartum and postpartum periods with the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as an initial screen followed by mental health referral for further diagnostic evaluation and treatment. The population of women who screened positive and who accepted additional services differed at the 2 time points, which reinforces the utility of screening during both the antepartum and postpartum periods. Although universal screening for depression is feasible, further study of the barriers to mental health evaluation and treatment and the impact of treatment on obstetric outcomes are needed.
Variations in Road Conditions on Driver Stress Insights from an On-road Study

A number of studies have used heart rate variability (HRV) measures to estimate driver stress across different driving conditions. Understanding the constructs of driver stress can provide insights...
Luminescent Boron Quinolate Block Copolymers via RAFT Polymerization

The preparation of well-defined luminescent organoboron quinolate block copolymers via sequential RAFT polymerization is reported. Boron-containing block copolymers with PS, P(St-alt-MAh), and PNIPAM as the second block were successfully synthesized. The photophysical properties of the block copolymers were studied by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Independent of the second block, the boron quinolate block copolymers that contain the parent 8-hydroxyquinolato ligand (PM1-b-PS, PM1-b-PNIPAM, PM1-b-P(St-alt-MAh)) are green luminescent, whereas a polymer with 5-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-8-hydroxyquinolate as the ligand (PM2-b-PS) shows red luminescence. The P(St-alt-MAh)-based block copolymer was further modified with photoactive azobenzene groups. The self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic block copolymers was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In water, PM1-b-PNIPAM forms spherical micelles. The azobenzene-modified P(St-alt-AbMA)-b-PM1 exhibits a s...
AQ-DBPSK/DS-CDMA Based Energy-Efficient and Interference-Mitigation Scheme for 3D Clustered WCSNs with Minimum Coverage Rate Constraint

As compared with 2D wireless camera sensor networks (WCSNs), 3D WCSNs can capture more accurate and comprehensive information for supervisory and military applications. However, 3D WCSNs impose many new challenges for energy efficiency and interference-mitigation subject to the minimum coverage rate constraint due to their extensive power consumption for data transmissions and inter-sensor interference over time-varying wireless channels in the 3D WCSNs. To overcome the above-mentioned problems, in this paper we propose the AQDBPSK/ DS-CDMA (alternating quadratures differential binary phase shift keying/direct-sequence code division multiple access) based energy-efficient and interference-mitigating scheme for the 3D clustered WCSNs with the minimum target-object coverage rate constraint. First, we apply the new low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (NEW LEACH) architecture into our 3D WCSNs for energy efficiency and interference mitigation. Then, using the Nakagami-m model, we develop the novel DS-CDMA based AQ-DBPSK modulation scheme to implement the energy efficient and interference-mitigating wireless communications over our 3D clustered WCSNs. We also derive the optimal data rate to optimize the transmit-power and data-rate trade off. Finally, we conduct the simulations evaluations, showing that our proposed schemes outperform the other existing schemes.