cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C/EBPδ: a novel function in the prostate-bone microenvironment

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 2921 The most common site of prostate cancer metastasis is bone. Bone metastases are present in ∼90% of terminal prostate cancer patients. The long-term goal of this research project is to investigate the cause and effect relationship between bioactive factors (cytokines) in the bone microenvironment and the survival of prostate cancer bone metastases. IL-6 is a major bioactive factor produced by osteoblasts and released into the bone microenvironment. Accumulating evidence indicates that IL-6 reduces prostate cancer cell growth. The presence of IL-6 in the bone microenvironment may account for the remarkably low growth rate of prostate cancer cells reported by Isaacs and coworkers a decade ago. In the present report we show that LNCaP prostate cancer cells exposed to IL-6, or IL-6 enriched osteoblast conditioned media (OCM), express elevated levels of C/EBPδ. Extending this observation we demonstrate that C/EBPδ is essential for IL-6 induced prostate cancer cell growth inhibition and IL-6 induced evasion of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In addition, we show that human osteoblast conditioned media (OCM) is highly enriched in IL-6 and that LNCaP prostate cancer cells cultured in IL-6 enriched OCM exhibit activation (phosphorylation) of STAT3, increased STAT3-driven C/EBPδ gene expression and growth inhibition. We also show that LNCaP cells that have been growth inhibited by either IL-6 treatment or exposure to IL-6 containing OCM are resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. To further investigate the role of IL-6 and IL-6 inducible signaling in prostate cancer cells we used anti-IL-6 and anti-gp130 blocking antibodies and found that anti-IL-6 blocking antibody inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and C/EBPδ gene expression in LNCaP cells and that anti-gp130 blocking antibody blocks STAT3 phosphorylation, C/EBPδ gene expression and growth inhibition induced by IL-6 containing OCM. STAT3-specific siRNA transfection reduced STAT3 and pSTAT3 levels and blocked IL-6 induced LNCaP cell growth inhibition. C/EBPδ-specific siRNA transfection reduced C/EBPδ gene expression to virtually undetectable levels and resulted in the re-initiation of LNCaP cell proliferation (despite the presence of IL-6) and activation of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. These results provide new insights into the key role of C/EBPδ in IL-6 mediated prostate cancer cell growth inhibition and resistance to anti-proliferative chemotherapy.
Messenger RNA stability in Dictyostelium discoideum: does poly(A) have a regulatory role?

Abstract In previous experiments (Palatnik et al. , 1979) we used thermal elution from poly(U)-Sepharose to separate messenger RNA from Dictyostelium discoideum into several fractions differing in the length of their poly(A) tracts. In vitro translation of these fractionated RNAs demonstrated that some cellular mRNAs are relatively more abundant in those fractions with long poly(A) tracts (110 to 115 nucleotides) and other cellular mRNAs are more abundant in those fractions with short poly(A) tracts (60 to 65 nucleotides). Our previous experiments also showed that most mRNAs of vegetatively growing cells are synthesized with long poly(A) tracts which shorten, with age in the cell, to a steady-state size of 60 to 65 nucleotides. The experiments of this paper examined the possibility that the mRNAs enriched, respectively, in the long and short poly(A) fractions, represented different stability classes of mRNA and also reflected the involvement of poly(A) in determining mRNA stability. Vegetatively growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum were incubated with actinomycin D at a concentration which totally inhibited synthesis of RNA. After 18 hours, total cellular RNA was extracted and translated in a messenger RNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate. In vitro translation products were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretic patterns were compared with those obtained from similar, previous analyses of mRNAs of different poly(A) content. Our results showed that, after actinomycin treatment: (a) the translational complexity of the mRNA population decreased substantially; (b) at least 66 major mRNAs either increased or decreased significantly in relative abundance; (c) most of the mRNAs which increased in relative abundance were those which, in untreated cells, are most abundant in the short poly(A) fractions; and (d) most of the mRNAs which decreased in relative abundance were those which, in untreated cells, are most abundant in the long poly(A) fractions. These experiments, coupled with our previous results, lead us to suggest that those mRNAs which are enriched in fractions containing short, steady-state size poly(A) tracts are most stable. Our data do not support models in which poly(A) length regulates mRNA stability. Additional experiments in this paper demonstrate that: (a) a previously identified (Palatnik et al. , 1979) class of mRNA which contains only oligo(A) tracts (approx. 25 nucleotides) is also relatively unstable in the presence of actinomycin D; and (b) a major change in the distribution of translatable mRNAs occurs after cells are removed from prolonged exposure to actinomycin D. Many mRNAs which had been substantially reduced by actinomycin D treatment, increased m relative abundance after removal of the drug. Moreover, a large fraction of the mRNAs which had accumulated to very high levels in actinomycin D-treated cells, decreased dramatically in relative abundance after the drug was removed.
A Lie-algebraic Approach to the Local Index Theorem on Compact Homogeneous Spaces

Abstract Using a K-theory point of view, Bott related the Atiyah–Singer index theorem for elliptic operators on compact homogeneous spaces to the Weyl character formula. This article explains how to prove the local index theorem for compact homogenous spaces using Lie algebra methods. The method follows in outline the proof of the local index theorem due to Berline and Vergne. But the use of Kostant's cubic Dirac operator in place of the Riemannian Dirac operator leads to substantial simplifications. An important role is also played by the quantum Weil algebra of Alekseev and Meinrenken.
Supervisory control of an energy management control system via fuzzy logic

In this paper an approach to supervisory control of multi-stage industrial control systems is presented. This approach is based on the notion of an internal reference model, and further makes use of a fuzzy multi-objective optimization strategy to compute the control action via an iterative approach. This framework has been shown to be effective in the operation of an energy management and control system (EMCS) used in climate control and may offer similar advantages in other situations as well. >
Design of sustainable tidal creeks for beneficial use (created) marshes in Galveston Bay

A project is currently underway to create marshes in Galveston Bay using dredged materials. Two hundred acre earthen boxes (cells) were built in various locations in the bay and dredged materials were pumped in. In this paper we report on our efforts to design tidal creeks for two adjacent cells, north of Bolivar Peninsula. The creeks will be cut once the marsh has settled to the design elevation. The goal of our design project was to design sustainable tidal creeks. The velocities needed to be sufficiently high in order to prevent siltation of the creeks. The creeks velocities must not be too high in order to prevent excessive erosion. In order to have a solid basis for the design, a similarly-sized natural reference marsh was selected. A circulation and sediment transport model was developed and tested on the natural marsh. Both models were calibrated with field measurements. The models were later adapted for use in the created (beneficial use) marsh. A critical part of the adaptation was to account for any difference in erodibility in the natural marsh and in the created (beneficial use) marsh. The sediments in the natural marsh and in the created marsh were tested with an in situ flume. They were also compared based on geotechnical data. Interestingly, both the flume measurements and the geotechnical data indicated that the sediments in the created marsh were comparable to the sediments in the natural marsh. This led us to design the tidal creeks in the created marsh with about the same range of velocities as those in the natural marsh.
Peak provoked craving: an alternative to smoking cue-reactivity

Smoking cue-exposure research has provided a powerful tool for examining cravings in the laboratory. A key attraction of this method is that tightly controlled experimental procedures can model craving experiences that are presumed to relate to addiction. Despite its appeal, key assumptions underlying the clinical relevance of smoking cue-reactivity studies have been questioned recently. For both conceptual and methodological reasons it may be difficult to tease apart cue-based and abstinence-based cravings. Moreover, conventional cue-reactivity procedures typically generate levels of craving with only minimal clinical relevance. We argue here that sometimes it is unfeasible-and in some instances conceptually misguided-to disentangle abstinence-based and cued components of cigarette cravings. In light of the challenges associated with cue-reactivity research, we offer an alternative approach to smoking cue-exposure experimental research focusing on peak provoked craving (PPC) states. The PPC approach uses nicotine-deprived smokers and focuses on urges during smoking cue-exposure without subtracting out urge ratings during control cue or baseline assessments. This design relies on two factors found in many cue-exposure studies-nicotine deprivation and exposure to explicit smoking cues-which, when combined, can create powerful craving states. The PPC approach retains key aspects of the cue-exposure method, and in many circumstances may be a viable design for studies examining robust laboratory-induced cravings.
Mean Circulation in the Great Lakes

Abstract In this paper new maps are presented of mean circulation in the Great Lakes, employing long-term current observations from about 100 Great Lakes moorings during the 1960s to 1980s. Knowledge of the mean circulation in the Great Lakes is important for ecological and management issues because it provides an indication of transport pathways of nutrients and contaminants on longer time scales. Based on the availability of data, summer circulation patterns in all of the Great Lakes, winter circulation patterns in all of the Great Lakes except Lake Superior, and annual circulation patterns in Lakes Erie, Michigan, and Ontario were derived. Winter currents are generally stronger than summer currents, and, therefore, annual circulation closely resembles winter circulation. Circulation patterns tend to be cyclonic (counterclockwise) in the larger lakes (Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior) with increased cyclonic circulation in winter. In the smaller lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario), winter circulation is characterized by a two-gyre circulation pattern. Summer circulation in the smaller lakes is different; predominantly cyclonic in Lake Ontario and anticyclonic in Lake Erie.
The cathodic stripping voltammetry of certain thiols in acetate medium

Abstract The cathodic stripping voltammetry of six thiols by deposition at a hanging mercury drop electrode (+0.05 V vs. SCE) from acetate-buffered solution (pH 4.76) and scanning to —0.8 V is described. Peak potentials are reported. The peak height—concentration relationships are reasonably linear in the range 0.4–1.2 μM. The compounds tested are 2-mercaptopyridine, 2-mercapto-3-pyridinol, 2-mercaptopyridine- N -oxide, mercaptosuccinic acid, 2-mercaptopyrimidine and cysteine hydrochloride.
A COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC‐ AND MNEMONIC‐BASED VOCABULARY‐LEARNING STRATEGIES

Fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students were taught the meanings of new vocabulary items according to one of three instructional strategies. Two of the strategies were semantic‐based (contextual analysis and semantic mapping), and the other strategy was mnemonic‐based (the keyword method). Consistent with recent research findings, the keyword method facilitated students’ recall of the vocabulary items’ definitions, and this was true in both higher‐ and lower‐achieving subject populations. In the higher‐achieving sample, the keyword method was also superior to the contextual analysis strategy on two vocabulary‐usage tests, one that was administered on the day immediately following instruction and one that was administered a week later. Mean performance on a one‐week delayed definition‐matching test was statistically equivalent in the three conditions, although in the higher‐achieving sample a reliably higher proportion of keyword subjects than contextual analysis subjects attained perfect scores on that test. No ...
Efficacy and Safety of Nifedipine Coat-Core versus Amlodipine in Patients With Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension: Comparison of 24-Hour Mean Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure:

BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers have been successfully used for the treatment of hypertension. In this study, the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers nifedipine coat-core 30 mg and amlodipine 5 mg were evaluated. METHODS: This multicenter, double-blind, prospective, randomized, parallel-arm study compared once daily administration of nifedipine coat-core 30 mg with once daily amlodipine 5 mg in subjects with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. A 4-week placebo run-in period was followed by an 8-week active treatment period. Blood pressure reduction was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and casual office blood pressure measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: Nifedipine coat-core and amlodipine produced equivalent reductions in mean diastolic blood pressure, as determined by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 5.4 mmHg and 5.8 mmHg for nifedipine coat-core and amlodipine, respectively. Both drugs were well tolerated and neither treatment resulted in a significant change in heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Nifedipine coat-core 30 mg once-daily is comparable to amlodipine 5 mg once-daily for blood pressure reduction.
Role of zinc in treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis in mice.

A study on the effect of zinc feeding on the survival rate as well as the levels of trypsinogen, α2-macroglobulin, zinc, calcium, and magnesium in the plasma, pancreata, and livers of BALB/c mice fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with 0.5%dl-ethionine (CDE diet) was undertaken. Feeding them a zinc-excess diet significantly increased the survival rate of mice with pancreatitis induced by CDE diet feeding. Trypsinogen concentrations in plasma and pancreas increased in mice fed a CDE diet and further increased in mice fed a zinc-deficient diet. The plasma α2-macroglobulin levels in mice fed a zinc-deficient diet decreased compared to those fed a zinc-adequate or a zinc-excess diet. In mice with pancreatitis, zinc and calcium concentrations of pancreata increased and magnesium concentrations decreased compared to those of normal controls. The calcium concentrations in both livers and pancreata increased, but magnesium concentrations in these tissues decreased. These results suggest that altered mineral metabolism in the pancreas may have contributed to the pathophysiology of the mice with acute pancreatitis and that zinc supplementation in the diet may be therapeutic for pancreatitis.
The anterior chamber of the eye: a sensitive site for the detection of cross-reacting alloantigens.

Abstract The anterior chamber of the eye appears to be a sensitive site for the detection of cross-reacting alloantigens. Third-party implants were rapidly rejected in recipients that were previously sensitized with non-specific skin allografts. Similar studies using orthotopic skin-grafting techniques as a means of detecting the same cross-reactivity were negative.
Adjuvant systemic therapy for older adults with early-stage breast cancer

There is a relative paucity of evidence to guide the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer in older adults. Herein, we review data from relevant clinical trials and retrospective analyses that assess systemic therapies in older adults. Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, HER2-directed agents and bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting are discussed. Meta-analyses, such as the Oxford overview, suggest a decreasing benefit of chemotherapy with age. However, prospective trials do support a benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy in older adults. In contrast to chemotherapy, the value of endocrine therapy appears to increase with age. In addition, available subset analyses suggest that the benefit from aromatase inhibitors relative to tamoxifen is independent of age. The use of HER2-directed therapy in older adults is challenged by the relatively low enrollment of this subset in prospective clinical trials. Nonetheless, the extent of enrollment may be proportional to the frequency of HER2 overexpression in this population. Finally, there are little data to support the use of adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy in older adults--ongoing prospective trials may address this issue. Each of the aforementioned therapeutic strategies will be augmented by efforts to personalize therapy for older adults. Clinical tools such as the geriatric assessment and biologic assays, such as the 21-gene recurrence score, may ultimately play a role in treatment algorithms for this unique demographic.
Improving risk stratification in patients with prostate cancer managed by active surveillance: a nomogram predicting the risk of biopsy progression.

Objective To develop a clinical tool that integrates different risk factors and provides individual predictions of the risk of biopsy progression in patients with prostate cancer managed by active surveillance. Materials and Methods Our analysis included 205 patients on active surveillance, each of whom had had at least two surveillance biopsies. We used the Cox proportional hazard regression model to analyse the association between different risk factors and progression-free survival over successive biopsies. This multivariate model was then used to develop a nomogram. Discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were internally validated using 200 bootstrap resamplings. Results The median follow-up of patients free of progression was 4.6 years. A total of 58 (28%) patients experienced progression. Factors significantly associated with progression were: overall number of positive cores in the diagnostic and first surveillance biopsies, race and prostate-specific antigen density. The bootstrapping concordance index of the nomogram including these variables was 81%. The nomogram tended to underestimate the probability of progression but it identified fairly accurately the distinct groups of patients at low, intermediate and high risk of progression. Conclusions In the development cohort, the nomogram was able to separate patients with respect to their risk of biopsy progression. Since accurate risk stratification is essential to optimize patient care, this tool, if external validation confirms its performance, may prove useful for both the counselling and management of patients with low-volume, Gleason 6 prostate cancer.
5′-AMP–Activated Protein Kinase–Activating Transcription Factor 1 Cascade Modulates Human Monocyte–Derived Macrophages to Atheroprotective Functions in Response to Heme or Metformin

Objective— Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is an important driver of the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, we characterized Mhem as a novel macrophage phenotype that limits the atherogenicity of IPH. Mhem are directed by activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), which is activated by phosphorylation. A better understanding of the counteratherogenic ATF1–Mhem pathway may facilitate antiatherosclerotic therapies. Approach and Results— We tested the hypothesis that heme in pathologically relevant concentrations activates the ATF1–Mhem pathway via 5′-AMP–activated protein kinase (AMPK) in primary human monocyte–derived macrophages and mouse bone marrow macrophages. We found that heme (10 μmol/L) activates AMPK, and downstream ATF1-mediated coinduction of heme oxygenase and liver X receptor that characterize Mhem. Heme increased macrophage phospho-AMPK, phospho-ATF1, and its target genes, and these effects were inhibited by the AMPK antagonist dorsomorphin, or by AMPK-knockdown with small inhibitory ribonucleic acid. The AMPK-activating oral hypoglycemic agent metformin also induced and phosphorylated ATF1 at a clinically relevant concentration (10 μmol/L). Functional effects of heme and metformin were inhibited by AMPK-knockdown and included suppression of macrophage oxidative stress; increased cholesterol export; protection from foam-cell formation; and suppression of macrophage inflammatory activation (human leukocyte antigen type DR expression). Conclusions— Our data indicate that heme activates the ATF1 pathway in human macrophages via AMPK, and that a similar response occurs after treatment of cells with metformin. Our results suggest an in vitro mechanism that may explain the clinical evidence that metformin has vascular protective effects beyond its role in treating hyperglycemia. # Significance {#article-title-57}
Effects of Feedback on Task Completion, Time Distribution and Time Allocation of Graduate Students

ABSTRACT The direct effects of private feedback on graduate students' task completion and the indirect effects of this feedback on time allocation and time distribution were examined. The results indicated no effects of either private feedback or public feedback on task completion. Feedback on task completion showed desirable indirect effects on time allocation and time distribution when students were being evaluated on their activities in only one domain.
Preference for mixed versus constant delays of reinforcement: Effect of probability of the short, mixed delay.

Preference for mixed versus constant delays of reinforcement was studied with a concurrent-chain procedure. Lever pressing by rats in concurrently available variable-interval 60-second initial links occasionally produced mutually exclusive terminal-link reinforcement delays. A constant delay of reinforcement (either 15 seconds or 30 seconds) composed one terminal link and mixed delays (.2 second and twice the value of the constant delay) were arranged in the other terminal link. The proportion of .2-second delays in the mixed-delay terminal link took on values of 0, .1, .25, .5, .75, .9, and 1.0 over experimental conditions. Based on relative rates of responding in the initial links, preference for the mixed delays was a negatively accelerated function of the proportion of short, mixed delays. Three of five rats preferred the mixed delays to the constant delays when the proportion of short, mixed delays was .1 or higher, and all five rats preferred the mixed delays when the proportion of short, mixed delays was .25 or higher. Neither Squires and Fantino's (1971) delay-reduction model of choice nor a model based on the harmonic mean reinforcement delay provided a close estimate of choice proportions over the range of short-delay proportions studied. The delay-reduction model underestimated choice for the mixed delays at low and intermediate proportions of short delays, and the harmonic-mean-delay model overestimated choice for the mixed delays at intermediate and high proportions of short delays.
Dependable dynamism: lessons for designing scientific assessment processes in consensus negotiations

Negotiations that involve the use and interpretation of scientific information and assessment are often particularly difficult, especially when the scientific input is uncertain or contested. Parties can exploit this uncertainty in order to stall progress, where they might prefer a very different policy outcome. In addition, scientific input often changes as new research is done and disseminated. In order to facilitate decision-making where science is involved, a number of international environmental agreements have established regimes, as well as assessment processes, that are designed to incorporate new information, review decisions, and modify judgmentsFthat is, they are dynamic or adaptable. However, there is little systematic evaluation by policymakers or academic analysts of the type and qualities of such dynamism that might contribute to effective assessment and regulatory processes, or of whether this lesson is truly applicable across very different environmental issues. Examination of the recent protocol on persistent organicpollutants to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), in c to LRTAPs two previous protocols on sulfur emissions, offers a way to compare across different types of issues whether and how ‘‘adaptable’’ assessment processes influence consensus negotiations. The results of this comparison indicate that a type of adaptability likely to facilitate decision-making is ‘‘dependable dynamism’’Fthe quality of assessment and decision-making processes that allows policymakers with ease to put off particular decisions for addressing in the future, with confidence that issues so put off will indeed be addressed later. The ability to modify such conclusions at a later time facilitates decision-making processes by offering a new dimension of compromise on both scientific assessment and policy decisions, and lowering the threshold of credibility necessary for decision-making. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Methodological Studies in Paired-Associate Learning: II. Design, Test for Learning, and Meaningfulness

Design (repeated measures and completely randomized) and Test (SR-recall and SR-recognition) were varied in two paired-associate experiments to explore the effects of Meaningfulness Level on stimulus and response learning. Contemporary associative learning theory was rejected in favor of a “multiple-choice strategy-selection” model in the interpretation of the results which showed that level of meaningfulness interacted more with stimulus than response learning for repeated measures design.
Association Between Coronary Vascular Dysfunction and Cardiac Mortality in Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus

Background—Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of adverse cardiac outcomes and is considered a coronary artery disease (CAD) equivalent. We examined whether coronary vascular dysfunction, an early manifestation of CAD, accounts for increased risk among diabetics compared with nondiabetics. Methods and Results—A total of 2783 consecutive patients (1172 diabetics and 1611 nondiabetics) underwent quantification of coronary flow reserve (CFR; CFR=stress divided by rest myocardial blood flow) by positron emission tomography and were followed up for a median of 1.4 years (quartile 1–3, 0.7–3.2 years). The primary end point was cardiac death. Impaired CFR (below the median) was associated with an adjusted 3.2- and 4.9-fold increase in the rate of cardiac death for diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively (P=0.0004). Addition of CFR to clinical and imaging risk models improved risk discrimination for both diabetics and nondiabetics (c index, 0.77–0.79, P=0.04; 0.82–0.85, P=0.03, respectively). Diabetic patients ...
The Application of NetGAP in Electric Mobile Access System

NetGap is used to physically isolate the interior-net and the exterior-net, and protect the information transferred between the interior-net and the exterior-net through the electric mobile access system. This paper first introduces the background of the mobile access system and the basic principles of netgap, then analyzes why gap should be used in the mobile access system. Finally, the solution and policy configuration of netgap used in the mobile access system are given.
Relative Dominance and Resource Availability Mediate Mantled Howler (Alouatta palliata) Spatial Responses to Neighbors’ Loud Calls

Many animals generate long-distance vocalizations (“loud calls”) that have been hypothesized to mediate spatial interactions. Howls by mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata), specifically, are hypothesized to function in group spacing, but the mechanism by which this is accomplished remains unclear. In this study, I evaluated the role of naturally occurring howls in mediating mantled howler intergroup spatial interactions on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Multivariate analyses examined relationships between social and environmental contextual variables and the likelihood that a group would approach or avoid a neighboring group’s howl. Mantled howlers were more likely to approach howling neighbors when fruit and flower availability was limited. Relative dominance was also a highly significant predictor of approach, though the relationship ran contrary to expectations. Groups were more likely to approach howling neighbors higher in the established dominance hierarchy than those lower down, possibly reflecting priority access of more dominant groups to higher quality resources. Other variables tested, including numeric odds, vocalization intensity, infanticide risk, and location of the howling group, were not significant predictors of spatial response. These findings are consistent with the assertion that howls contain identifying information and highlight the importance of including contextual variables in multivariate analyses of spatial responses to loud calls. These results also indicate potential contrasts between observational and playback studies by suggesting that howl location may play a greater role in responses to simulated intruders than to known neighbor groups, and that relative dominance may provide a more salient measure of competitive ability than numeric odds among groups with interaction histories.
The Psychodynamics of Work and Organizations: Theory and Application

In this innovative book, William M. Czander demonstrates that applying depth psychology to the organization and its employees provides a deeper understanding of the American workplace than traditional industrial psychology has offered. Using a psychoanalytic framework, Czander examines such issues as interactions between employees and management, the conscious and unconscious forces that bind fellow employees together, and the role of autonomy in people's lives. Most important, he details a means of intervention in the form of organizational consultation based on this more profound conceptualization of the dynamics of the workplace.
Search for a light scalar boson emitted in nuclear decay

The possibility that a scalar boson is sometimes emitted in the decay of /sup 4/He (20.1 MeV, 0/sup +/) is examined experimentally. Finding no positive evidence the authors exclude scalars with Higgs-like couplings for 3< or approx. =m/sub phi/< or approx. =14 MeV/c/sup 2/, where the precise range depends upon the model.
Role of opioid neuropeptides in immunoregulation.

Cet article de synthese tente d'etablir si la relation entre les neuropeptides et le systeme immunitaire trouvee chez les mammiferes est comparable a celle trouvee chez les invertebres. Des mecanismes existeraient pour maintenir certaines molecules ayant un role de signal au cours de l'evolution ainsi que leur association avec des fonctions/systemes specifiques
Synergism between CACGTG (G-box) and CACCTG cis-elements is required for activation of the bean seed storage protein beta-phaseolin gene.

Summary Expression of bean seed storage protein phaseolin is under strict developmental control. Four distinct nuclear proteins recognize in vitro the proximal, β-phaseolin} promoter (−295/+45) which confers spatial and temporal regulation of the native gene. Functional significance of these protein-binding sites was evaluated by substitution mutation of the motifs in the promoter, which was fused to GUS reporter gene, and subsequent transient gene expression assay using protoplasts from developing bean cotyledons. DNA-binding protein CAN binds three CANNTG motifs, CACGTG (−248/−243), CACCTG (−163/−158), and CATATG (−100/−95). Substitution mutation of the CACGTG motif, which is commonly known as G-box, reduced the −295 promoter activity by 75%, indicating that the G-box is a major positive cis-element. Mutation analyses also demonstrated that the CACCTG and CATATG motifs act as positive and negative cis-elements, respectively. Substitution mutation of all three CANNTG motifs essentially eliminated the −295 promoter activity. A construct containing the G-box and CACCTG motif resulted in a transcriptional level that is much greater than the sum of the transcriptional levels from the individual cis-elements, demonstrating that the G-box and CACCTG act synergistically. Substitution mutations of two AT-rich sequences, to which a nuclear protein AG-1 binds, showed that these sites function as major negative (−376/−367, −356/−347) or positive (−191/−182) cis-elements, and that the effect of the two AG-1 binding sites was counteractive in the −391 promoter. These results indicate that the three CANNTG motifs and two AG-1-binding sites play critical roles in transcription of the {β-phaseolin} gene in cotyledons.
Selected resources and annotated bibliography

A primer on intercollegiate athletics is presented; it includes resources on historical and current issues in college sports and an annotated bibliography of articles related to the student-athlete.
Analysis of the Accuracy of USDA Hog Farrowings Statistics

OX AND OTHERS [4, 7] report that government statistics and price forecasts exhibited numerous shortcomings during the volatile economic conditions of 1973. Fox suggests that substantial infusions of money and effort will be required to develop a forecasting system that will perform satisfactorily under current conditions. Undoubtedly changes in government statistics and forecasts are needed. However, such changes should be carefully made, else good statistics will be discarded along with the bad. Hopefully, careful evaluation of shortcomings and strengths of each statistical series will precede any changes in the series. This paper represents an effort at such an evaluation for the USDA hog farrowings intentions report figures. This series was selected for study since the price elasticity of demand for hogs is low and errors in these statistics could cause large, unexpected, and disruptive price changes. Other series, especially those for other commodities with low demand elasticities, also might be evaluated using similar techniques. The quarterly 10-state farrowing intentions figures which were examined for accuracy in the study are released by the Statistical Reporting Service (SRS) in the Hog and Pig Report [10]. The initial report of farrowing intentions for a given quarter is issued by SRS about three months before the start of the quarter. Next, a revised report of quarterly farrowing intentions is issued early in the quarter to which it applies (referred to as first revision in study). Finally, in the next quarter SRS reports the actual number of sows that farmers did farrow during the quarter (referred to as second revision in study). In the study the accuracy of farrowing reports from September 1959, when 10-state' quarterly forecasts began on a continuous basis, to March 1973 was examined. During this period the SRS used three separate types of surveys to make forecasts: Rural Carrier Route Survey (RCRS), Probability Mail Survey (PMS), and Multiple Frame Survey (MFS). Thus, the analysis made a general evaluation of the accuracy of the farrowing reports as well as a determination of whether the changes in survey techniques resulted in increased accuracy. The Rural Carrier Route Survey (RCRS) covered the time period from September 1959 to March 1963. The survey included 10 states. The mailman was given survey cards to deliver on his route to farmers raising hogs. The farmer was asked to fill them out and return them by mail. The major survey took place every six months, June and December. In March and September a subsample of the farmers who replied in the previous survey was resampled. The Probability Mail Survey (PMS) covered 10 states during the time period from March 1963 to March 1970. The sample of farmers was drawn from the state farm census or a list from the ASCS office.
Eosinophilic cystitis in the pediatric population: a case series and review of the literature.

Abstract Purpose Eosinophilic cystitis is a rarely seen condition in the pediatric population with indistinct symptomatology and non-standardized treatment protocols. We review our experience of treating patients with this condition. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of four patients from a single institution who have been diagnosed and treated for eosinophilic cystitis. In addition, the literature was reviewed for cases of pediatric eosinophilic cystitis. Our patients were added and compared to this cohort. Results Our patients included 3 females and 1 male who range in age from 5 days to 18 years (5 days, 1 month, 7 years, 18 years). Both of the infants presented with a suprapubic mass and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The two older patients both had dysuria while the 18 yo also complained of fatigue, flank pain, and hematuria. Only 2 of the 4 patients were found to have significant peripheral eosinophilia and only one patient had eosinophiluria. All of the patients were diagnosed via cystourethroscopy with biopsy. Treatment in each case consisted of a combination of steroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics. Conclusions The presentation of eosinophilic cystitis is varied and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Cystourethroscopy with biopsy is essential to establish the diagnosis as there is no typical appearance of the lesions or presenting signs/symptoms. Most cases of eosinophilic cystitis are responsive to medical therapy although in some cases recurrence may be noted.
Supraspan learning in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resections.

Abstract The present data address the role of the anterior temporal lobe in verbal and visual supraspan learning. Patient subjects had either a left or right standardized temporal lobe resection, which involved extensive removal of mesial temporal lobe structures. Neither patient group showed marked deficits on either the verbal or visual supraspan learning tasks, although an unexpected performance variation occurred. A tendency to mild depression of performance on the verbal supraspan learning task was observed among right temporal-lobectomy patients. Nevertheless, the overall results indicate that anterior temporal lobe structures are not independently critical for supraspan learning. These findings are consistent with a previous report that posterior brain regions are involved in mediating such tasks.
Electron Densities Derived from Line Intensity Ratios: Beryllium Isoelectronic Sequence

A direct method for determining electron densities from emission line intensities of ions in the beryllium isoelectronic sequence is described and then applied to the analysis of extreme ultraviolet Ciii and Ov spectra from both quiet and active areas in the solar transition region. The results are consistent with a value of NeTe = 6 × 1014 cm-3K for the quiet Sun at temperatures of 5 × 104 to 3 × 105K. Electron densities are approximately five times greater in active regions than in the quiet Sun.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN THE HF-ACTION STUDY

Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have reduced exercise capacity, a strong predictor of long-term events. Anemia also is prevalent in CHF, predicts outcome and may influence exercise performance. To what extent anemia and exercise performance interact in CHF patients is unknown. To study
Cyprian’s Scriptural Hermeneutic of Identity: The Laxist ‘Heresy’

Scholars have widely noted Cyprian as a key figure in the development of the episcopate, a point which too often eclipses his use of scripture in scholarly studies of his writings. Cyprian himself claims a scriptural basis for his episcopal authority and for his teachings on ecclesial unity. His works need to be reread, therefore, in light of his construction of identities, namely his own “orthodox” identity in contrast to the “schismatic” identity of his opponents which he demarcates along the lines of scripturally informed/loyal and scripturally aberrant. The following article explores Cyprian’s social identities as constructed in his early works which address the laxist controversy.
Craniology and the Adoption of the Three-Age System in Britain

The development of the three-age system in Scandinavia has been of great interest to historians of archaeology, but the system's spread to the British Isles has received little attention, leaving a false impression that its importance has always derived from the revolutionary methodology of C.J. Thomsen. It was not Thomsen's method of putting artefacts in a chronological series, however, that first appealed to British researchers in the mid 19th century. Instead, early British researchers, working mainly in the science of ethnology, used the system to establish a sequence of races for Britain's past based on cranial types. This initial use of the three-age system as a means of creating a racial sequence left a mark on British archaeology that outlasted even the craniological ethnology that formed its first scholarly context.
Close encounters and collisions of comets with the earth

A computer search for earth-approaching comets among those listed in Marsden's (1983) updated orbit catalog has identified 36 cases at which minimum separation distance was less than 2500 earth radii. A strong representation of short period comets in the sample is noted, and the constant rate of the close approaching comets in the last 300 years is interpreted to suggest the lack of long-period comets intrinsically fainter than an absolute magnitude of about 11. A comet-earth collision rate derived from the statistics of these close encounters implies an average period of 33-64 million years between any two events. This rate is comparable with the frequency of geologically recent global catastrophes which appear to be associated with extraterrestrial object impacts, such as the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction 65 million years ago and the late Eocene event 34 million years ago.
Effects of pancreatic homografts on the blood of normal and diabetic hamsters.

Pancreatic homografts were placed in the cheek pouches of normal and diabetic hamsters. Blood samples were taken at intervals for the next four weeks. The results were tabulated according to the fate of the implant: whether it was still growing after three weeks or whether it was rejected prior to that time. Among normal animals with good growth, there was an elevation of both the leucocyte and neutrophil counts, the increase being much greater when the grafts were rejected early. In severe diabetics, the increase in both parameters was less than in the controls, regardless of the fate of the graft. The most striking and consistent changes in the serum proteins involved the alpha-2 and gamma globulins. Among controls the alpha-2 fraction was as much as three times normal during the first post-transplant week while the gamma globulin was elevated up to 80% above normal in the third week. In diabetics, the alpha-2 fraction tended to be below normal while there was no significant increase in the gamma globulin.
Strategies for playground injury prevention: An overview of a playground project

Abstract Preventing injuries to children, especially debilitating and life threatening, requires an awareness of where these types of injuries occur during the school days. This review examines falls from playground equipment, events that have been identified as the leading causes of nonfatal unintentional injuries for children. Thus, the issue of playground safety is a topic of concern for health educators. School health educators play an essential role in developing safe and healthy outdoor play environments for children. This paper highlights the importance of injury prevention awareness and outlines different strategies that health educators can take for preventing playground injuries. In addition, this paper examines a project that was conducted in the state of Iowa in relation to what effects playground surfacing materials and staff training may have on injury prevention on school playgrounds. The results of the project concluded that with the addition of proper surfacing material and staff training...
Studies of the Auger spectrum from the Si(111) surface using positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy

Abstract The high-resolution positron-annihilation-induced Auger spectrum from the Si(1 1 1) surface displays an Auger signal corresponding to the L 2,3 VV Auger transition for Si. The Auger signal intensity is used to obtain experimental annihilation probabilities of the surface trapped positrons with relevant Si core electrons. Experimental data is analyzed by performing first-principles calculations of positron surface states and annihilation characteristics for the non-reconstructed and reconstructed Si(1 1 1)-(7×7) surfaces. Estimates of the positron surface state binding energy, work function, and annihilation characteristics are provided. Calculations show that the positron is getting trapped at the corner hole sites of the reconstructed Si(1 1 1)-(7×7) surface.
Quantum force molecular dynamics study of the reaction of O atoms with HOCO

The reaction of HOCO with O atoms has been studied using a direct ab initio dynamics approach based on the scaling all correlation UCCD∕D95(d,p) method. Ab initio calculations point to two possible reaction mechanisms for the O+HOCO→OH+CO2 reaction. They are a direct hydrogen abstraction and an oxygen addition reaction through a short-lived HOC(O)O intermediate. The dynamics results show that only the addition mechanism is important under the conditions considered here. The lifetime of the HOC(O)O complex is predicted to be 172±15fs. This is typical of a direct and fast radical-radical reaction. At room temperature, the calculated thermal rate coefficient is 1.44×10−11cm3mol−1s−1 and its temperature dependence is rather weak. The two kinds of reactive trajectories are illustrated in detail.
The relationships between p53 protein expression and the clinicopathological features in the uveal melanomas.

Background: p53 alterations are common events in cancer and may have some prognostic ramifications. Objectives: To investigate the uveal melanoma for: 1) the p53 expression patterns, 2) the relationships among p53 expression and clinicopathological features of these lesions. Materials and methods: Using Immunoperoxidase-staining methods and mouse monoclonal antibodies, the expression of p53 protein in 60 uveal melanomas was examined. Results: Based on p53 immunoreactivity, the lesions were divided into two groups: the first group included 9 tumors (15%) and had p53 protein overexpression. The second group included 51 (85%) tumors and was lacking p53 expression. p53 protein overexpression was significantly associated with extraocular extension and vascular invasion ( p values, 0.01 and 0.04).No significant correlation was found between p53 protein expression and the clinicopathologic features of these lesions Conclusions: p53 protein overexpression occurs in the uveal melanoma and may be associated with so...