cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating ideas from computer-supported cooperative work

Many information systems have failed when deployed into complex health-care settings. We believe that one cause of these failures is the difficulty in systematically accounting for the collaborative and exception-filled nature of medical work. In this methodological review paper, we highlight research from the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) that could help biomedical informaticists recognize and design around the kinds of challenges that lead to unanticipated breakdowns and eventual abandonment of their systems. The field of CSCW studies how people collaborate with each other and the role that technology plays in this collaboration for a wide variety of organizational settings. Thus, biomedical informaticists could benefit from the lessons learned by CSCW researchers. In this paper, we provide a focused review of CSCW methods and ideas we review aspects of the field that could be applied to improve the design and deployment of medical information systems. To make our discussion concrete, we use electronic medical record systems as an example medical information system, and present three specific principles from CSCW: accounting for incentive structures, understanding workflow, and incorporating awareness.
N-Acetyltransferase activity, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity, and melatonin levels in the Harderian glands of the female Syrian hamster: Changes during the light: Dark cycle and the effect of 6-parachlorophenylalanine administration

The activities of NAT and HIOMT and the melatonin content of the Harderian glands of female Syrian hamsters were studied. When hamsters were kept under a light:dark cycle of 14:10 (lights on at 06.00 h), NAT activity exhibited a sharp, short term rise at one hour after lights on. Simultaneously, the activity of HIOMT, which forms melatonin, exhibited a rapid decline. Melatonin levels, like HIOMT activity, also showed a precipitous drop at one hour after light onset. After the respective changes, both NAT and HIOMT activity reverted back to night time levels. Melatonin levels remained depressed for several hours but by 1400 h (8 hours after lights on), nighttime melatonin values were re-established. Treatment of female hamsters with PCPA, a trytophan hydroxylase inhibitor, led to depressed levels of Harderian melatonin without affecting the activities of either NAT or HIOMT.
Some applications of graph theory to finite groups

Results on vertex coloring and the vertex independence number of a finite graph are used to prove: Theorem. Let G be a finite group with conjugacy classes indexed by cardinality: 1 = |[x"1]| = =|C(x"1)|, then each abelian subgroup A of G has card inality|A|=< |[x"1]|+|[x"2]|+...+|[x"m]|. Theorem. Let G be a finite group with a proper subgroup M, suchthat x@?M-{1}@?C"G(x)@? M. Then G contains at least [|G|^1^3] pairwise non-commuting elements, and hence G cannot be covered by the union of fewer than [|G|^1^3] abelian subgroups. Theorem. Let S be a locally maximal sum-free subset of the abelian group G. Then |S-S|+|SU-S|-3=<|G|(1-|S-S|^-^1), with equality if and only if S-S is a subgroup H of G, [G:H]=3, and S is a coset of H. Some open problems are also stated.
Elastic analysis of three-dimensional solids with fiber inclusions by bem

A very efficient method of analysis for the elastic behavior of three-dimensional solids with a large number of embedded fiber inclusions has been developed. For specific applications to the analysis of cylindrical shaped fiber inclusions significant gain in efficiency can be achieved by defining these inclusions by a system of curvilinear line elements with a prescribed diameter and by assuming a variation in the traction and displacement field in the circumferential directions in terms of a trigonometric shape function together with a linear or quadratic variation along the longitudinal direction. The resulting integrals are then treated semi-analytically. A number of examples of the analysis which has been developed for composite elements are described.
Overweight and obesity in nurses, advanced practice nurses, and nurse educators.

Purpose: To quantify the incidence of overweight and obesity in nursing professionals and assess nurses’ knowledge of obesity and associated health risks. Data sources: A mailed survey to 4980 randomly selected registered nurses from one state in each of six geographic regions. Response rate was 15.5% (n= 760). Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous variables; categorical variables were summarized with frequency counts. Results: The grand mean body mass index (BMI) of nurses surveyed was 27.2. Almost 54% were overweight or obese. Fifty-three percent of these nurses report that they are overweight but lack the motivation to make lifestyle changes. Forty percent are unable to lose weight despite healthy diet and exercise habits. Only 26% of respondents use BMI to make clinical judgments of overweight and obesity. Although 93% of nurses acknowledge that overweight and obesity are diagnoses requiring intervention, 76% do not pursue the topic with overweight and obese patients. Discussion: Many nurses provide weight-related health information to the public. These data suggest that they may benefit from continuing education on obesity and its risks. Because 76% of nurses do not pursue the topic of obesity with patients, they may benefit from education on pursuing sensitive topics during a professional encounter. Nurse practitioners may play a key role in the education of both patients and registered nurses.
Three-dimensional image restoration using constrained optimization techniques

The restoration of the depth map of a three-dimensional object is formulated as an image-restoration problem. The object is modeled as an opaque discrete visible surface (DVS) in 3-D space. The projection of the radiance and depth information of the DVS onto a two-dimensional image yields an underdetermined system of equations. The 3-D imagerestoration problem seeks to recover the depth information of the DVS from the 2-D image. To uniquely specify a solution, constraints on the estimates of the DVS must be introduced. In this paper an in-focus image is used to provide radiance information. Further, the size of the problem is significantly reduced by limiting the range of possible depths to lie within a fixed interval of the depth values given by an independent coarse depth recovery method. It is shown that additional constraints on both the radiance and the geometry can easily be accommodated by the methods described. The use of three different methods of constrained optimization are investigated for solving the problem. A method based on simulated annealing is shown to offer the best performance. Results of applying the algorithms to test objects using both a simulated and a laboratory optical system are presented.
A comparison of reaction time and drawing measures of mental rotation

Abstract The present study examined the hypothesis that errors in children's drawings of objects in anticipated states of rotation result from their inability to imagine the objects in those states. The hypothesis was tested by comparing children's performances on a drawing version and a reaction-time (RT) version of J. Piaget and B. Inhelder's (Mental imagery in the child, New York, Basic Books, 1971) rotating squares task. On the RT task, children were differentiated into three groups according to their patterns of preparation and decision times and their decision errors. One group (A) included mental rotaters, operationally defined according to three criteria borrowed from L. Cooper and R. Shepard (In W. G. Chase, Ed., Visual Information Processing, New York, Academic Press, 1973) . A second group (B) included children who failed to meet the criteria for mental rotation, but evidenced an ability to imagine some changes in the square's position. These children responded more quickly and accurately on vertical-horizontal (V-H) angle trials (90° and 180°) than oblique angle trials (45° and 135°). A third group (C) included children who provided no evidence of any systematic imaging strategy. On the drawing task group A children drew both oblique and V-H states correctly, group B children could draw V-H but not oblique states, and group C children could draw neither. These results were interpreted as evidence that the problems that children have in drawing are common to the problems they have in preparing a mental image. The results were discussed in terms of claims that drawing errors result solely from drawing conventions ( S. Kosslyn, Image and Mind, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Univ. Press, 1980 ) or from poor motor coordination ( G. S. Marmor, Cognitive Psychology, 1975 , 7, 548–599).
Current research in optical pumping

In 1950, Professor Alfred Kastler described the way in which optical fields could be used to redistribute population among the Zeeman sublevels of a given atomic state. The « optical pumping » process discovered by Kastler continues to be a research topic of current interest. With developments in laser spectroscopy, it has become important to understand the interplay of optical pumping, transit-time and collisional effects to properly interpret experimental line shapes. A brief review of the current status of the theory is given, with special emphasis on what, as yet, appear to be unresolved problems. Velocity selective optical pumping and collision-induced resonances are discussed.
Acute Changes in Preload, Afterload, and Systolic Function After Superior Cavopulmonary Connection

Abstract Background . Superior cavopulmonary connection reduces the volume work of the single ventricle. Methods . To determine the effects of superior cavopulmonary connection on preload, wall stress (or afterload), and systolic ventricular function, we studied 9 patients before and after operation, and at hospital discharge. Using echocardiography, preload was estimated by the ventricular end-diastolic area, and wall stress was calculated at end-systole and peak-systole. Ventricular function was represented by rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and fractional area change divided by rate-corrected ejection time. Results . End-diastolic area and wall stress decreased postoperatively. Ventricular wall thickness increased with a concomitant decrease in cavity area. There was no change in mean blood pressure or heart rate or in rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening or fractional area change divided by rate-corrected ejection time. These findings persisted at hospital discharge. Conclusions . In single ventricles, superior cavopulmonary correction results in an immediate decrease in preload and afterload. The decrease in afterload results primarily from alterations in ventricular geometry. Although no improvement in systolic function was noted, diminished work related to the reduction in loading conditions may have beneficial long-term effects on preserving myocardial performance.
Green dots, pink hearts: displacing politics from the Malaysian rain forest.

Recent years have witnessed the progressive envelopment of environmental politics within institutions for local, national, and global environmental governance. Such institutions inscribe particular forms of discourse, simultaneously creating certain possibilities and precluding others, privileging certain actors and marginalizing others. Apparently designed to ameliorate environmental destruction, these institutions may in fact obstruct meaningful change through endless negotiation, legalistic evasion, and compromise among “stakeholders.” More importantly, however, they insinuate and naturalize a discourse that excludes moral or political imperatives in favor of indifferent bureaucratic and technoscientific forms of institutionally created and validated intervention. Drawing on Rappaport's insights about “the subordination of the fundamental to the contingent and instrumental” (in “The Anthropology of Trouble”), I examine this process of institutional development with reference to an international rain forest campaign that focused on Sarawak, East Malaysia, from the late-1980s to the mid-1990s, [environmentalism, institutionalization, governmentality, rain forest politics, Sarawak (Malaysia)]
Cellular effects of hypercholesterolemia in modulation of cancer growth and metastasis: a review of the evidence

Hypercholesterolemia and increased cancer risk have been associated, particularly with the high fat diets characteristic of Western societies. We were interested in the possible association between preexisting hypercholesterolemia and the rapidity and extent of tumor metastases in these patients. To date there has been only a few studies that have suggested and explored this determinant of cancer metastases although it may play a role in a subset of patients who develop cancers. This article will review the literature on the effects of LDL-cholesterol on cell proliferation and differentiation and speculate on mechanisms of involvement of a hypercholesterolemic milieu on cancer progression and enhancement of metastatic potential.
The interplay between interpersonal dynamics, treatment barriers, and larger social forces: an exploratory study of drug-using couples in Hartford, CT

The drug treatment field tends to place emphasis on the individual rather than the individual in social context. While there are a growing number of studies indicating that drug-using intimate partners are likely to play an important role in determining treatment options, little attention has been given to the experience and complex treatment needs of illicit drug-using (heroin, cocaine, crack) couples. This exploratory study used in-depth interviews and ethnographic engagement to better understand the relationship between interpersonal dynamics and the treatment experience of ten relatively stable drug-using couples in Hartford, CT. Semi-structured and open-ended qualitative interviews were conducted with each couple and separately with each partner. Whenever possible, the day-to-day realities and contexts of risk were also observed via participant and non-participant observation of these couples in the community. A grounded theory approach was used to inductively code and analyze nearly 40 transcripts of 60–90 minute interviews as well as fieldnotes. This study builds on a concept of complex interpersonal dynamics among drug users. Interpersonal dynamics of care and collusion were identified: couples cared for each other and colluded to acquire and use drugs. Care and collusion operate at the micro level of the risk environment. Treatment barriers and inadequacies were identified as part of the risk environment at the meso or intermediate level of analysis, and larger social forces such as gender dynamics, poverty and the "War on Drugs" were identified at the macro level. Interpersonal dynamics posed problems for couples when one or both partners were interested in accessing treatment. Structural barriers presented additional obstacles with the denial of admittance of both partners to treatment programs which had a sole focus on the individual and avoided treating couples. Detoxification and treatment facilities need to recognize the complex interplay between interpersonal dynamics which shape the treatment experience of couples, and which are also shaped by larger structural dynamics, including barriers in the treatment system. Improvements to the treatment system in general will go a long way in improving treatment for couples. Couples-specific programming also needs to be developed.
Real-Part Sufficiency and Its Application to the Rational Function Fitting of Passive Electromagnetic Responses

For passive networks real-part sufficiency describes the fact that their driving-point impedance or admittance is uniquely defined in terms of its real part alone. We have exploited this fact in the development of a methodology for the generation of passive rational function approximations of electromagnetic transfer functions. More specifically, by utilizing in the fitting process only data for the real part of the driving-point impedance or admittance, our methodology attempts to ensure the passivity of the rational fit by construction. This paper reports several improvements in our methodology, which provide for enhanced accuracy in the fitting of broadband data and improved robustness and computational efficiency of the fitting algorithm. The improved algorithm is demonstrated through its application to the rational fitting of the driving point impedance of interconnect circuits using both numerically-obtained and measured data over multi-GHz bandwidths.
Evaluation of the Hyland L.E.-Test

SummaryThe L.E. clot test and the Hyland L.E. test were both performed on the same blood samples drawn from 100 patients attending the Rheumatology Clinic. Four had positive L.E. clot tests, and one was positive with the regular Hyland L.E. test reagent. All of these patients had systemic lupus erythematosus. The more highly polymerized experimental Hyland nucleoprotein gave twelve positive results; seven in patients with systemic lupus, four with rheumatoid arthritis and one with long-standing rheumatic heart disease and a marked increase in 7S gamma globulin. It is noted that these features form part of the S.L.E. syndrome. No false positive tests occurred with any of the methods used among the many other rheumatic diseases sampled.The need is stressed for speedy evaluation of any screening test for S.L.E. which may prove to be simple and reliable, and require the minimum of time, skill and equipment. The current L.E. cell procedures are time-consuming and require experienced personnel, which over-worke...
A study of clustering using microelectronic defect monitors

Clustering of defects has received extensive attention for its impact on the predicted yields of large chips and on-chip redundancy. Defect density, defined for the separation of variables, permits product-independent cross-comparisons between fabricators and technologies. Defect densities are best tracked by inline measurements on microelectronic test structures, with product identity in their sensitivity to defects. It is reported that the defects monitored via the microelectronic test structures may not have the extent of clustering that has been noted in the literature. >
Cytomegalovirus and Immunological Aging: The Real Driver of HIV and Heart Disease?

HIV Study, Parrinello et al. [7] found that higher CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were not associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that increased antibody levels did not increase the risk of atherosclerosis in their HIV-uninfected subsample. In contrast, HIV-positive women with increased CMV IgG levels were more likely to have carotid artery stiffness. These same individuals did not show greater intima-media thickness nor presence of carotid lesions, indicating that the relationship between CMV IgG levels and markers of cardiovascular disease was specific for carotid artery stiffness in HIV-positive subjects. The relation between increased CMV IgG levels and carotid artery stiffness was consistentacrosstreated/aviremic,treated/ viremic, and untreated HIV-infected groups. However, when examining the association between CMV IgG levels and presence of carotid lesions by treatment/ viremia status groups, Parrinello and colleagues found that CMV IgG levels were associated with presence of carotid artery lesions only among HIV-infected persons who were receiving antiretroviral treatment and were aviremic, after adjustment for age, race, and smoking history. These results suggest that treatment/viremia status modifies the impact of CMV IgG level on carotid lesions.
Selectorate theory, the democratic peace, and public goods provision

We show that without a few peculiar modeling choices that are not justified by the core assumptions of the theory, selectorate theory neither unambiguously predicts the democratic peace nor that leaders of more inclusive regimes will rely upon the provision of public goods to remain in office, though they may be more likely to provide club goods. We illustrate these claims using relatively simple models that incorporate the core assumptions of their theory, while avoiding modeling choices we believe to be less appropriate. We argue for a revised version of selectorate theory, one that continues to emphasize the importance of the size of the winning coalition, yet we believe it provides a more realistic picture of democratic politics.
New York Shelf Life: Dirk Westphal’s Acts of Preservation

This article considers four photographic series by New York artist Dirk Westphal. In each of these series, Westphal takes an ephemeral object (telephone booths, snack-cakes, mouthwash and small aquarium fish) and preserves it through a multimedia, multi-step process delivered via photography. His images and the labor to produce them trace and remake the intersection between the two essential components of capitalism: mass production and mass consumption. Yet he reinvents the labor in the form of the artist, the consumer in the form of the viewer. He learns from and transforms the market, collecting and remaking knowledge of urban space for his viewer-consumers.
Aging increases stromal/osteoblastic cell-induced osteoclastogenesis and alters the osteoclast precursor pool in the mouse.

Stromal/osteoblastic cell expression of RANKL and M-CSF regulates osteoclastogenesis. We show that aging is accompanied by increased RANKL and M-CSF expression, increased stromal/osteoblastic cell-induced osteoclastogenesis, and expansion of the osteoclast precursor pool. These changes correlate with age-related alterations in the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in cancellous bone. Introduction: Bone mass is maintained through a balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Osteoblasts regulate the number and activity of osteoclasts through expression of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and macrophage-colony stimulation factor (M-CSF). To determine whether age-related changes in stromal/osteoblastic cell expression of RANKL, OPG, and M-CSF are associated with stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and whether the osteoclast precursor pool changes with age, we studied cultures of stromal/osteoblastic cells and osteoclast precursor cells from animals of different ages and examined how aging influences bone cell populations in vivo. Materials and Methods: Osteoclast precursors from male C57BL/6 mice of 6 weeks (young), 6 months (adult), and 24 months (old) of age were either co-cultured with stromal/osteoblastic cells from young, adult, or old mice or treated with M-CSF, RANKL, and/or OPG. Osteoclast precursor pool size was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and osteoclast formation was assessed by measuring the number of multinucleated TRACP+ cells and pit formation. The levels of mRNA for RANKL, M-CSF, and OPG were determined by quantitative RT-PCR, and transcription was measured by PCR-based run-on assays. Osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in bone were measured by histomorphometry. Results: Osteoclast formation increased dramatically when stromal/osteoblastic cells from old compared with young donors were used to induce osteoclastogenesis. Regardless of the origin of the stromal/osteoblastic cells, the number of osteoclasts formed from the nonadherent population of cells increased with increasing age. Stromal/osteoblastic cell expression of RANKL and M-CSF increased, whereas OPG decreased with aging. Exogenously administered RANKL and M-CSF increased, dose-dependently, osteoclast formation from all donors, but the response was greater in cells from old donors. Osteoclast formation in vitro positively, and the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts in vivo negatively, correlated with the ratio of RANKL to OPG expression in stromal/osteoblastic cells for all ages. The effects of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro were blocked by OPG, suggesting a causal relationship between RANKL expression and osteoclast-inducing potential. The osteoclast precursor pool and expression of RANK and c-fms increased with age. Conclusions: Our results show that aging significantly increases stromal/osteoblastic cell-induced osteoclastogenesis, promotes expansion of the osteoclast precursor pool and alters the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in cancellous bone.
Hyperspectral Sensor Data Capability for Retrieving Complex Urban Land Cover in Comparison with Multispectral Data: Venice City Case Study (Italy)

This study aims at comparing the capability of different sensors to detect land cover materials within an historical urban center. The main objective is to evaluate the added value of hyperspectral sensors in mapping a complex urban context. In this study we used: (a) the ALI and Hyperion satellite data, (b) the LANDSAT ETM+ satellite data, (c) MIVIS airborne data and (d) the high spatial resolution IKONOS imagery as reference. The Venice city center shows a complex urban land cover and therefore was chosen for testing the spectral and spatial characteristics of different sensors in mapping the urban tissue. For this purpose, an object-oriented approach and different common classification methods were used. Moreover, spectra of the main anthropogenic surfaces (i.e. roofing and paving materials) were collected during the field campaigns conducted on the study area. They were exploited for applying band-depth and sub-pixel analyses to subsets of Hyperion and MIVIS hyperspectral imagery. The results show that satellite data with a 30m spatial resolution (ALI, LANDSAT ETM+ and HYPERION) are able to identify only the main urban land cover materials.
Locality-aware randomized load balancing algorithms for DHT networks

Structured P2P overlay networks based on a consistent hashing function have an aftermath load balance problem that needs to be dealt with. A load balancing method should take into account both proximity and dynamic features of DHTs, Randomized matching between heavily loaded nodes with lightly loaded nodes can deal with the dynamic feature. But current randomized methods are unable to consider physical proximity of the node simultaneously. There are locality-aware methods that rely on an additional logical network to capture the physical locality in load balancing. Due to the cost for network construction and maintenance, these locality-aware algorithms can hardly deal with DHTs with churn. This paper presents a locality-aware randomized load balancing algorithm to deal with both of the proximity and dynamic features of DHTs. We introduce a factor of randomness in the probing process in a range of proximity to deal with the DHT churn. We further improve the randomized load balancing efficiency by d-way probing. Simulation results show the superiority of a locality-aware 2-way randomized load balancing in DHTs, in comparison with other pure random policies and locality-aware sequential algorithms. In DHTs with churn, it performs no worse than the best churn resilient algorithm.
Land use and climate affect Black Tern, Northern Harrier, and Marsh Wren abundance in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States

ABSTRACT Bird populations are influenced by many environmental factors at both large and small scales. Our study evaluated the influences of regional climate and land-use variables on the Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Black Tern (Childonias niger), and Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) in the prairie potholes of the upper Midwest of the United States. These species were chosen because their diverse habitat preference represent the spectrum of habitat conditions present in the Prairie Potholes, ranging from open prairies to dense cattail marshes. We evaluated land-use covariates at three logarithmic spatial scales (1,000 ha, 10,000 ha, and 100,000 ha) and constructed models a priori using information from published habitat associations and climatic influences. The strongest influences on the abundance of each of the three species were the percentage of wetland area across all three spatial scales and precipitation in the year preceding that when bird surveys were conducted. Even among scales ranging ...
STUDIES OF THE THYROID APPARATUS. V. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COMPARATIVE MORTALITY RATES OF PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED WILD NORWAY RATS AND EXCITABLE AND NON-EXCITABLE ALBINO RATS

In the first paper of this series (1) a report was made of a comparative study of the mortality rate of two groups of parathyroidectomized albino rats. Although the members of both groups were descendants of the same parent stock they differed in the general trend of their excitability or readiness to respond to exogenous stimuli and consequently in their muscle tone. The one group, called the “Stock Albinos,”, presented the normal picture of low threshold of response to stimulation and high muscle tone. These rats were easily excited. The mortality rate within 48 hours after parathyroidectomy was 79 per cent and was accompanied by tetania parathyreopriva. In the other group, designated as the “ Gentled Albinos,” in which excitability and muscle tone had been reduced to a low level by constant handling and petting, the mortality rate was but 13 per cent.
Self-Efficacy Beliefs Related to Movement and Mobility

The capability to perform essential activities of daily living (ADLs) is based, in part, on one's perceived judgments that one can do so. We provide an overview of self-efficacy theory as it relates to ADLs, a review of the relevant research, and strategies for enhancing self-efficacy beliefs for movement and mobility. Evidence for the effectiveness of self-efficacy as an influential mechanism in one's ability to engage in essential movement comes from three primary lines of research: gait control and balance, aging, and pain management and chronic disease. Techniques for enhancing self-efficacy are provided based on the four major sources of self-efficacy information: mastery experiences, modeling, persuasion/communication, and anxiety-reduction.
mTOR signaling at a glance

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Discoveries that have been made over the last decade show that the mTOR pathway is activated
Development and Initial Validation of the Social Work Values Inventory

This article reports the development and initial validation of the Social Work Values Inventory (SWVI). The SWVI was developed by using six tasks compiled by the author from the general literature on instrumentation. They include (a) developing a definition of values, (b) using the literature to select those values to be measured by the instrument, (c) using a theory of instrument construction, (d) relating the definition of values to the actual instrument, (e) developing unambiguous stimuli, and (f) determining scaling and scoring techniques. Preliminary reliability estimates ranged from acceptable to good across four data collections. Examinations of content, factorial, and construct validity provided excellent support of the instrument as a valid measure of social work practice values.
SPRING FLIGHT AND ADULT ACTIVITY OF THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON SITKA SPRUCE IN WESTERN WASHINGTON

Observations were made on the flight patterns, sex ratios, and ovipositional activity of Pissodes strobi in Sitka spruce. There is an aggregation of adults on spruce leaders early in the flight season during which sexual maturation and mating take place. Males are more active early in the flight season, while females are more numerous during the latter half of the flight season.
Progression from frontal-parietal to mesial-temporal epilepsy after fluid percussion injury in the rat

We recently described an in vivo model of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in the rat where chronic spontaneous recurrent seizures appear following a single episode of fluid percussion injury (FPI). PTE, studied during the first 2 months post-injury, was focal and seizures originated predominantly from the frontal-parietal neocortex at or around the injury site. However, rarer bilateral seizures originating from a different and undefined focus were also observed. To shed light on the Posttraumatic Epileptogenic mechanisms and on the generation of bilateral seizures, we studied rats up to 7 months post-injury. In vivo paired epidural and depth-electrode recordings indicated that the anterior hippocampus evolves into an epileptic focus which initiates bilateral seizures. The rate of frontal-parietal seizures remained constant over time after 2 weeks post-injury, while the rate of hippocampal seizures greatly increased over time, suggesting that different mechanisms mediate neocortical and hippocampal post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Because of different temporal evolution of these foci, the epileptic syndrome was characterized by predominant frontal-parietal seizures early after injury, but by predominant mesio-temporal seizures at later time points. Pathological analysis demonstrated progressive hippocampal and temporal cortex pathology that paralleled the increase in frequency and duration of bilateral seizures. These results demonstrate that FPI-induced frontal-parietal epilepsy (FPE) progresses to mesial-temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with dual pathology. These observations establish numerous similarities between FPI-induced and human PTE and further validate it as a clinically relevant model of PTE.
The toxicity of polychlorinated polycyclic compounds and related chemicals.

(1973). The Toxicity of Polychlorinated Polycyclic Compounds and Related Chemicals. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 445-498.
Symptoms of stress disorder and depression among trauma counselors after an airline disaster.

Psychological symptoms of 21 therapists who provided counseling to individuals affected by the crash of a commercial airliner were compared with those of 20 therapists from the same mental health center who did not participate in the disaster relief efforts. A symptoms checklist instrument was completed by both groups at four, eight, and 12 weeks after the crash. At four and eight weeks, the trauma counselors experienced significantly more symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression than the therapists in the control group. At 12 weeks the only significantly increased symptom among the trauma counselors was avoidance behavior. Language: en
A Comparison of Malaise Trapping and Aerial Netting for Sampling a Horsefly and Deerfly Community

A comparison was made of the effectiveness of malaise trapping and aerial netting for sampling a community of 50 species of Tabanidae collected near Deer Lake, Boonton, NJ during 1974. Five sites in the study area were sampled by malaise traps and by netting about the head with an insect net. Comparisons were made of 4 community and 4 population parameters. No significant difference existed between the species richness of the community of flies sampled by each method, but malaise traps sampled the tabanid community with greater diversity and evenness than did netting. The species composition of the community trapped by each method differed substantially. Hybomitra and Tabanus were sampled in significantly greater numbers by malaise traps while netting favored the dominant Chrysops species. Seasonal niche breadths, seasonal ranges and seasonal distributions were measured concordantly by each sampling method. Neither trapping method should be used alone in studies concerning the entire tabanid community, but can be used effectively together.
One piece cervical device for cervical spine surgery.

Study Design. This study analyzed the use of the one piece cervical device (OPCD) surgically inserted to treat atlanto-axial or subaxial subluxation. Operative results, techniques, and the enhanced correction mechanism were studied. Objectives. The results were correlated to provide a rationale for posterior cervical spinal fusion. Summary of Background Data. Wiring techniques were generally performed for posterior fusion. Recently, the Luque rod has been used on the cervical spine. Methods. One hundred eighty-seven patients were analyzed clinically and radiologically. The operative techniques were detailed and the corrective mechanism explained through biomechanical considerations. Results. The patients were followed from 2 to 13 years. The results were 94% satisfactory. No poor or worsening cases were encountered. Conclusions. Satisfactory operative results showed that the OPCD is safe, convenient, and reliable. It can be used in all areas of the cervical spine. The primary reason for these benefits is the enhanced correction mechanism of the OPCD.
Structural analysis for FDI of PMSM drive system in electric vehicles

Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control are essential to guarantee safety and continuity of operation for HEV/EVs. The electric drive system, which is a key subsystem in electric vehicles, requires a reliable and robust diagnosis system to detect various faults that may occur during operation. This paper proposes a diagnostic strategy based on structural analysis for an electric vehicle driven by a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Structural analysis analyzes the structural model represented by Incidence Matrix of a system, using graphical tools to find the analytic redundancy of the model where it is possible to generate residuals. Structural analysis is useful for pre-analysis of fault detectablity and isolability properties without accurate knowledge of system parameters. This paper shows that by properly selecting sequential residual generators, structural analysis approach is effective to identify and isolate multiple sensor faults in the PMSM drive system.
A Debating Of Power

In the traditional idea, power was assured in a brief way. As a neutral term, its fundamental content should include two aspects, conflicts and cooperates, and cooperation should be its focus. The foundation of a cooperation of the power relation corpus lies in the inside provision of power. As a kind of society relation, power must obtain the approbation of the public and acquire the legitimacy to become a kind of authority, so as to obtain its original morphology.
Analysis on Epidemical Characteristics of Measles in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2004 to 2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Shunyi District of Beijing City from 2004 to 2010,and provide scientific evidence for control and elimination of measles.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the data of measles epidemic situation from 2004 to 2010.[Results]A total of 536 cases of measles were reported during 2004-2010,with the incidence of 9.80/100 000.The incidence of migrant cases was 25.20/100 000,which was higher than the local incidence;The season with peak incidence was from March to May.High incidence of measles appeared in migrant areas,66.92% of the cases were reported in Tianzhu County,urban area of Shunyi,Renhe County,Liqiao County,Houshayu County;Under 5 years cases accounted for 57.25%,28.26% of the cases aged 15 to 34 years,the incidence of migrant cases in this age group accounted for 62.82%.Children under 5 years and migrant workers were the main risk groups of measles;Of the patients with absence of immunization history and unknown immunization history,people over 15 years accounted for 49.54%,8 months to 5 years group accounted for 39.08%,of which the number of migrant population accounted for 64.81% cases and 63.78% respectively.Lower rates of measles vaccination among adults over 15 years old and children under 5 years,particularly the migrant population,might be an important factor for high incidence of measles;62.11% of the patients within 5 years went to the hospital 7~21 days before illness in recent 2 years,hospital infection contributed to high incidence of measles.[Conclusion]Migrant populated areas is still the key areas for prevention and control of measles.Vaccination-related work should continue to strengthen.Controlling hospital infection,strengthening surveillance for measles is the focus of future work.
Percutaneous Ureteral Fulguration: A Nonsurgical Technique for Ureteral Occlusion

AbstractThree patients with lower urinary tract fistulas after multiple operations and radiation therapy for pelvic cancer were treated with percutaneous ureteral fulguration and nephrostomy tube drainage. This technique occluded the ureter and allowed for maintenance of a dry fistula site in all 3 patients. There were no complications. The longest followup in these patients was 21 months. The procedure is simple technically and it can be performed with the patient under local anesthesia. The technique of percutaneous ureteral fulguration is described and other techniques for nonoperative occlusion of the ureter are discussed.
Determining the spatial coherence of excitons from the photoluminescence spectrum in charge-transfer J-aggregates

Abstract The importance of spatial coherence in energy and charge transfer processes in biological systems and photovoltaic devices has been hotly debated over the past several years. While larger spatial coherences are thought to benefit transport, a clear correlation has yet to be established, partly because a simple and accurate measure of the coherence length has remained elusive. Previously, it was shown that the number of coherently connected chromophores, N Coh , can be determined directly from the ratio ( S R ) of the 0-0 and 0-1 vibronic line strengths in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The relation N Coh = λ 0 2 S R , where λ 0 2 is the associated monomeric Huang–Rhys parameter, was derived in the Frenkel exciton limit. Here, it is shown that S R remains a highly accurate measure of coherence for systems characterized by significant charge transfer interactions (e.g. conjugated π-stacked systems). The only requirement is that the exciton band curvature must be positive, as in a J-aggregate.
Short Self-Assembling Peptides Are Able to Bind to Copper and Activate Oxygen

We have shown that de novo designed peptides self-assemble in the presence of copper to create supramolecular assemblies capable of carrying out the oxidation of dimethoxyphenol in the presence of dioxygen. Formation of the supramolecular assembly, which is akin to a protein fold, is critical for productive catalysis since peptides possessing the same functional groups but lacking the ability to self-assemble do not catalyze substrate oxidation. The ease with which we have discovered robust and productive oxygen activation catalysts suggests that these prion-like assemblies might have served as intermediates in the evolution of enzymatic function and opens the path for the development of new catalyst nanomaterials.
Arteriovenous Malformation of Scrotum: A Case Report

Arteriovenous malformations of the scrotum are rare. We report a case of arteriovenous malformation involving the scrotal vessels. The patient presented with painful scrotal swelling, which was mainly in the skin and the Dartos layers. Vascular lesions of the scrotum are rare. By far the most common condition is varicocele. Our patient was examined by 2 other urologists before us and no one made the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation on clinical examination. Diagnosis was made by auscultation with the Doppler stethoscope. We suggest that the possibility of a scrotal arteriovenous malformation and hemangiomas should be entertained in patients with unilateral scrotal swelling.
Poverty, Privilege, and Political Dynamics Within Rural School Reform: Unraveling Educational Leadership in the Invisible America

This case was written to help prepare teacher-leaders, principals, and central office administrators, particularly those in rural and economically marginalized settings, who are expected to lead teachers and stakeholders in their community through increasingly stressed economic conditions. The intent of the case study is for educators to examine the impact privilege has on the often White, middle-class mind-set of educators, particularly when supporting economically marginalized communities. Educators studying this case should examine the role that poverty, privilege, and politics play in school leadership, specifically when thinking about school reform and community improvement efforts.
The Neoclassical Model with a Supply Side

The supply side of the synthesis model involves the introduction of an aggregate relationship between factor inputs and output. For those who believe that The General Theory achieved its claim of generality by focusing analysis upon a capitalist economy under conditions of less than full employment of resources, this relation, ‘the aggregate production function’ is an anathema, a Trojan Horse which dominates the entire synthesis model and undermines all of Keynes’s insights. The full implications of the aggregate production function will be explored in Chapter 10. At this point we show that it becomes the keystone of the model, establishing the equilibrium solution to the system.
What Is Organized Crime

Concise definitions of organized crime are surprisingly elusive. There is little consensus within or between the disciplines of criminology, anthropology, political science, economics or sociology as to the exact meaning of the term (Armao, 2003; Caiden and Alexander, 1985; Kenney and Fickenauer, 1995; Reuter, 1985a, 1985b; Van Duyne, 2003). In many cases, the phrase “organized crime” is used interchangeably with words like “mafia,” “gangsterism” and “racketeering.” These terms, however, all have different connotations and imprecise meanings.
Prenylated retinal ciliopathy protein RPGR interacts with PDE6δ and regulates ciliary localization of Joubert syndrome-associated protein INPP5E

Ciliary trafficking defects underlie the pathogenesis of severe human ciliopathies, including Joubert Syndrome (JBTS), Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, and some forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Mutations in the ciliary protein RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) are common causes of RP-associated photoreceptor degeneration worldwide. While previous work has suggested that the localization of RPGR to cilia is critical to its functions, the mechanism by which RPGR and its associated cargo are trafficked to the cilia is unclear. Using proteomic and biochemical approaches, we show that RPGR interacts with two JBTS-associated ciliary proteins: PDE6δ (delta subunit of phosphodiesterase; a prenyl-binding protein) and INPP5E (inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase 5E). We find that PDE6δ binds selectively to the C-terminus of RPGR and that this interaction is critical for RPGR’s localization to cilia. Furthermore, we show that INPP5E associates with the N-terminus of RPGR and trafficking of INPP5E to cilia is dependent upon the ciliary localization of RPGR. These results implicate prenylation of RPGR as a critical modification for its localization to cilia and, in turn suggest that trafficking of INPP5E to cilia depends upon the interaction of RPGR with PDE6δ. Finally, our results implicate INPP5E, a novel RPGR-interacting protein, in the pathogenesis of RPGR-associated ciliopathies.
Against Liability: Toward a Reasons-Based Account of Self-Defense

In the past decade, the central puzzle in the philosophical literature regarding self-defense has often been framed in terms of liability: specifically, under what conditions is someone morally liable to defensive harm? In this chapter, after offering a few general gripes regarding the creep of liability discourse from the legal to philosophical realm, I argue that liability-based accounts are deficient for two reasons. First, they endorse deeply counterintuitive views regarding the moral status of someone who kills another human being in self-defense. Second, they obscure considerations that we should hope to understand more clearly if we wish to provide a comprehensive and fine-grained evaluation of the morality of self-defense. In place of liability-based accounts, I offer an alternative set of tools for evaluating the morality of self-defense, which I refer to as a reasons-based account. By applying such an account, I hope to demonstrate its capacity both to avoid counterintuitive views regarding the moral position of those who kill in self-defense, and to make salient a wider range of considerations regarding the morality of self-defense than is possible under a liability-based account.