cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of NexQuest Natural Frequency Technology® on sleep and mood of adults with insomnia symptoms: a randomized, double blind and placebo controlled crossover trial.

Objectives The study purpose was to conduct a four-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial on adults with insomnia symptoms to examine the effectiveness of Natural Frequency Technology(®) (NFT), found in Philip Stein Sleep Bracelets, on sleep quality, anxiety/stress levels, and mood. Methods Adults (N = 44, M age = 41.9 years) were randomized to the Placebo Bracelet (PB) or NFT Sleep Bracelet (SB) for two weeks and then the alternative bracelet for two weeks. Self-reported mood, anxiety/stress, and sleep quality were completed at Day 0 (PRE) and following each condition; POST PB and POST SB). Results When the participants wore the SB, compared to the PB, they had improved sleep quality (i.e., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), anxiety/perceived stress, and mood, p's Discussion The SB may be simple, noninvasive, and non-pharmacological intervention to improve sleep quality and daytime mood.
Clinical safety profile of transendocardial catheter injection systems: A plea for uniform reporting

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical safety profile of transendocardial injection catheters (TIC) reported in the published literature. Background Transendocardial delivery is a minimally invasive approach to deliver potential therapeutic agents directly into the myocardium. The rate of adverse events across TIC is uncertain. Methods A systematic search was performed for trial publications using TIC. Procedure-associated adverse event data were abstracted, pooled and compared across catheters for active treatment and placebo injected patients. The transendocardial injection associated serious adverse events (TEI-SAE) was defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack within 30 days and cardiac perforation causing death or requiring evacuation, serious intraprocedural arrhythmias and serious coronary artery or peripheral vascular complications. Results The search identified 4 TIC systems: a helical needle (HN), an electro-anatomically tracked straight needle (EAM-SN), a straight needle without tracking elements (SN), and a curved needle (CN). Of 1799 patients who underwent transendocardial injections, the combined TEI-SAE was 3.4% across all catheters, and 1.1%, 3.3%, 7.1%, and 8.3% for HN, EAM-SN, SN and CN, respectively. However, TIC procedure duration and post procedural cardiac biomarker levels were reported in only 24% and 36% of published trials, respectively. Conclusions Transendocardial injection is associated with varied TEI-SAE but the data are very limited. The HN catheter appeared to be associated with lower TEI-SAE, versus other catheters. Procedure duration and post procedure cardiac biomarker levels were under-reported. Clearly, standardized, procedure-related event reporting for trials involving transcatheter delivery would improve our understanding of complications across different systems.
The Culture History of the Central Great Plains Prior to the Introduction of Pottery: . By E. Mott Davis. Edited by Ruthann Knudson and Don G. Wyckoff. 304 pp. Mammoth Run Lithic Casting, Sterling, Colorado. 2019. US $29.00 (paper). ISBN: 9781943277896.

This volume reprints E. Mott Davis’ 1954 Harvard dissertation. Dissertations written long ago can merit modern attention because they illuminate the historical development of our field, provide ins...
Is it really too far? Overestimating walk time and distance reduces walking

Abstract In this paper we use an intercept survey of 1,297 people at seven locations in New Jersey to answer three questions about perceived distances and walk times to nearby destinations. First, we seek to clarify conflicting results from the literature by asking: what factors are associated with perceived distance and walk times? Like other studies, we find that people overestimate both walk times and distances. We find that characteristics of the route matter. People are more likely to overestimate in car-dependent locations, along routes with many turns or barriers, or for destinations that are relatively closer. In terms of personal characteristics, experience walking and familiarity with the area both lead to lower estimates, while concerns about crime, getting lost, or carrying something heavy increase estimates. Next, we explore whether overestimating walk times and distances reduces the likelihood of walking. We find that people who overestimate are less likely to walk, everything else equal. Together, these results suggest that wayfinding campaigns that clarify the travel time to nearby destinations and ease the fear of getting lost are likely to improve perceptions and increase walking. We make an additional contribution by highlighting important differences between our university and town center samples, which raises questions about the reliance on student samples in research.
“Taking Up a New Problem”: Context and Determinants of Pod-Mod Electronic Cigarette Use Among College Students:

In this article, we explore the context and determinants of pod-mod electronic cigarette (ECIG) use among college students aged 18 to 24 in the United States. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 55 students (M age = 20 years, 56% female, 65% White) on three campuses in the Northwest, Midwest, and Southeast. We performed a thematic analysis. Students described ECIG use by peers, increased ECIG exposure and prevalence in college, and school-related stress as reasons for vaping. Pod-mod features such as convenience, design, easy concealment, and flavors made vaping more appealing. Negative aspects of vaping included addiction, cost, and possible health consequences. Most viewed vaping as a college behavior and intended to quit after graduation. Our results show that the college environment plays a major role in young adult ECIG use. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions to prevent and control uptake of ECIGs by young adults.
Diaporthe Seed Decay of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Is Endemic in the United States, But New Fungi Are Involved

Diaporthe seed decay can compromise seed quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the warm and humid production areas of the United States during crop maturation. In the current study, 45 isolates of Diaporthe were recovered from seed sampled from soybean fields affected by Diaporthe-associated diseases in eight U.S. states in 2017. The isolates obtained belonged to 10 species of Diaporthe based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer, partial translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene sequences. The associated species included D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, D. kongii, D. longicolla, D. sojae, D. ueckerae, D. unshiuensis, and three novel fungi, D. bacilloides, D. flavescens, and D. insulistroma. One isolate each of the 10 species was examined for pathogenicity on seed of cultivar Sava under controlled conditions. Seven days postinoculation, significant differences in the percentages of decayed seeds and seedling necrosis were observed among the isolates and the noninoculated control (P < 0.0001). While the isolates of D. bacilloides, D. longicolla, and D. ueckerae caused a significantly greater percentage of decayed seeds (P < 0.0001), the isolate of D. aspalathi caused the greatest seedling necrosis (P < 0.0001). The observation of new fungi causing Diaporthe seed decay suggests the need for a more comprehensive survey in U.S. soybean producing areas since members of the genus Diaporthe appear to form a complex that causes seed decay.
AI in the "Real World": Examining the Impact of AI Deployment in Low-Resource Contexts.

As AI becomes integrated throughout the world, its potential for impact within low-resource regions around the Global South have grown. AI research labs from tech giants like Microsoft, Google, and IBM have a significant presence in countries such as India, Ghana, and South Africa. The work done by these labs is often motivated by the potential impact it could have on local populations, but the deployment of these tools has not always gone smoothly. This paper presents a case study examining the deployment of AI by large industry labs situated in low-resource contexts, highlights factors impacting unanticipated deployments, and reflects on the state of AI deployment within the Global South, providing suggestions that embrace inclusive design methodologies within AI development that prioritize the needs of marginalized communities and elevate their status not just as beneficiaries of AI systems but as primary stakeholders.
Get More Eyes on Your Work: Visual Approaches for Dissemination and Translation of Education Research:

This article suggests two approaches for sharing education research based on a model of research dissemination for Twitter pioneered by the medical community. The first approach is the visual abstr...
Understanding Violence by Non-State Armed Groups: The Case of the RUF

This paper uses a case study of Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front to help explain when and where non-state armed groups (NSAGs) use violence, and what type of violence such groups use. The ...
High Burden of COVID-19 among Unvaccinated Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters

Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs), firefighters, and other first responders are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to healthcare personnel but have relatively low COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Resistance to COVID-19 vaccine mandates among first responders has the potential to disrupt essential public services and threaten public health and safety. Using data from the HEROES-RECOVER prospective cohorts, we report on the increased illness burden of COVID-19 among unvaccinated first responders. From January to September 2021, first responders contributed to weekly active surveillance for COVID-19-like illness (CLI). Self-collected respiratory specimens collected weekly, irrespective of symptoms, and at the onset CLI were tested by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay for SARS-CoV-2. Among 1415 first responders, 17% were LEOs, 68% firefighters, and 15% had other first responder occupations. Unvaccinated (41%) compared to fully vaccinated (59%) first responders were less likely to believe COVID-19 vaccines are very or extremely effective (17% versus 54%) or very or extremely safe (15% versus 54%). From January through September 2021, among unvaccinated LEOs, the incidence of COVID-19 was 11.9 per 1,000 person-weeks (95%CI=7.0-20.1) compared to only 0.6 (95%CI=0.2-2.5) among vaccinated LEOs. Incidence of COVID-19 was also higher among unvaccinated firefighters (9.0 per 1,000 person-weeks;95%CI=6.4-12.7) compared to those vaccinated (1.8 per 1,000;95%CI=1.1-2.8). Once they had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, unvaccinated first responders were sick for a mean+/-SD of 14.7+/-21.7 days and missed a mean of 38.0+/-46.0 hours of work. These findings suggest that state and local governments with large numbers of unvaccinated first responders may face major disruptions in their workforce due to COVID-19 illness.
A role for centrally-released vasopressin in brain ion and volume regulation: a hypothesis.

Publisher Summary Vasopressin is synthesized and released within the central nervous system (CNS). It may then act locally on adjacent target cells or on more distant intracerebral sites following distribution through brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Systemically released vasopressin increases body water and electrolyte content. Vasopressin functions in an analogous way in the CNS, to increase brain water and electrolyte content. This chapter presents results of two series of experiments consistent with this hypothesis; one uses an in vivo rat model developed in this laboratory; the other employs cultured glial cells. Brain tissue and plasma are normally in osmotic equilibrium, and brain volume depends on the number of osmotically active solutes in the nervous tissue. In vivo model allows evaluating mechanisms of brain volume regulation in terms of a four-compartment model of fluid and electrolyte exchange among blood plasma, brain ECF, brain intracellular fluid (ICF) and CSF. The model includes two features unique to the regulation of volume in the CNS. These are: (1) secretion of ECF from plasma, based on the activity of Na + - pumps located at the blood–brain barrier; and (2) bulk flow of ECF between brain and CSF.
Gastrointestinal uptake of biodegradable microparticles: effect of particle size.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of microparticle size on gastrointestinal tissue uptake.
Use of a public film event to promote understanding and help seeking for social withdrawal.

Introduction This study aimed to implement a public film event about mental health aspects of social withdrawal. Secondary aims were to assess participants' knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors related to social withdrawal. Method The event, held at three U.S. sites, consisted of a film screening, question-and-answer session, and lecture. Participants completed a post-event survey. Results Of the 163 participants, 115 (70.6%) completed surveys. Most of the sample deemed social withdrawal a significant mental health issue. Regarding post-event intended behaviors, 90.2% reported intent to get more information, 48.0% to being vigilant for social withdrawal in others, and 19.6% to talking with a health care professional about concerns for social withdrawal in themselves or someone they knew. Asian participants were significantly more likely than non-Asians to intend to encourage help-seeking for social withdrawal (p = .001). Discussion A public film event may be a creative way to improve mental health awareness and treatment-seeking.
Intraoperative and percutaneous stenting of congenital pulmonary artery and vein stenosis.

Background. Conventional surgical or balloon dilation therapy for pulmonary artery or vein stenosis has been unsatisfactory in many patients. Balloon-expandable stents offer a new form of treatment for these vascular stenoses and can be implanted percutaneously or intraoperatively. Methods and Results. Between July 1991 and October 1992, 20 balloon-expandable Palmaz stents (Johnson & Johnson) were implanted in 16 children at median age and weight of 3.0 years and 12.8 kg, respectively. Stent implantation was performed intraoperatively (n=15) if the patient was less than 1 year of age or less than 10 kg in weight, in cases where limited vascular access precluded percutaneous implantation, or as an adjunct to other intracardiac surgery. Otherwise, percutaneous stenting was performed (n=5)
Pumps and Holders

In the past three chapters we’ve described the sources, lenses, and detectors that make up a TEM. The only other parts of the instrument you need to know about in detail are those that, if you are not careful, can seriously degrade the quality of the information you generate even if the rest is perfect. These two parts are the holder in which you put your specimen and the vacuum that surrounds it. While there isn’t much you can do to improve the vacuum, beyond buying a better microscope, there is a lot you can do that will degrade the quality of the vacuum in the column and, in doing so, contaminate your specimen. So we’ll tell you a few basics about how the vacuum pumps work, and how the vacuum system is put together. Although the vacuum system is under computer control in most TEMs, you still affect the vacuum by what you put in the microscope. Consequently, you need to know what not to do on those occasions when you might otherwise degrade the vacuum.
Application of quantitative immunofluorescence to clinical serology: antibody levels of Toxoplasma gondii.

Methods currently used for immunofluorescent reagent standardization require subjective visual comparison of reagents with control materials. Reactivities of reagents in immunofluorescence test kits vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. To solve these problems, a quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) method which uses a calibrated photometric system and incorporates reducing agents into the mounting medium to reduce fading was developed to replace the visual method of endpoint determination. A uranyl glass slide was used to calibrate the instrument9s voltage measurements, permitting daily comparisons and measurement of the instrument reading fluctuations. The QIF method was initially tailored to the determination of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by measuring the fluorescence intensity of individual tagged organisms. The nonspecific fluorescence intensity resulting from the counterstain was eliminated by use of a red-suppressing filter. The dilution-correlated polar fluorescence component was removed by subtraction of the intensity for the matching negative control dilution from each sample dilution intensity. The QIF method showed a 94% correlation with the visual comparison method for 62 clinical specimens.
PULMONARY HYALINE MEMBRANES IN NEWBORN INFANTS Statistical, Morphologic and Experimental Study of Their Nature, Occurrence and Significance

The results of statistical, morphologic and experimental studies on the nature, occurrence and significance of hyaline (asphyxial) membranes seen in the lungs of infants who die in the neonatal period are presented. Analysis of material from 509 consecutive autopsies on newborn infants, together with analysis of the infants9 histories, shows that these membranes occur most commonly in premature infants and in more mature infants with a history of a complication of pregnancy, labor or delivery capable of causing fetal anoxia. These hyaline membranes are not seen in stillborn infants nor in infants living less than one hour. They appear to cause atelectasis, by blocking the mouth of alveoli, and to be a major cause of death in the neonatal period. Studies on vernix, meconium and amniotic fluid indicate that these hyaline membranes are not formed of vernix or meconium, but of the concentrated protein of aspirated amniotic fluid. A rise in the squamous cell content of amniotic fluid during the third trimester of pregnancy is demonstrated; this may explain the difference in microscopic appearance between hyaline membranes formed of amniotic fluid which is aspirated before this rise in squamous cells takes place and those containing squamous cells which are seen if the fluid is aspirated after this increase occurs. The membranes are demonstrated to be independent of pulmonary hemorrhage, edema or inflammation and not to be formed of degenerated airway epithelium. Similar membranes were produced experimentally by repeated intratracheal injection of small amounts of amniotic fluid into the excised respiratory tracts of animals while the lungs were alternately expanded and contracted for one hour. The time and volume factors necessary for successful experimental production of these membranes are discussed. The significance of pulmonary hyaline membranes in the production of neonatal atelectasis is indicated. No instances of "congenital alveolar dysplasia" were found in the 509 cases reviewed, and evidence that it may not be a valid clinical and pathologic entity is presented.
What Darwin can teach us about success

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how Darwin's Theory of Evolution can be used to help managers and organizations adapt to change.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses Darwin's Theory of Evolution in relation to the management of organizations.Findings – The paper finds that Darwin's Thoery has many applications in management. However, the ability to adapt also rests on other important organizational characteristics. It also takes a special kind of leadership which will accept a high level of failure while the organization learns to adapt.Practical implications – Darwin's Theory shows us the need to create opportunity and motive for change to be effective. The paper emphasizes the need to look for a crisis so you can create a sense of adversity for change.Originality/value – Psychology and sociology are the centerpieces of management, however, other disciplines, including biology, and specifically Darwin's understanding of evolution, can be used to improve the creativity and adapt...
High-Throughput Cytochrome P450 Cocktail Inhibition Assay for Assessing Drug-Drug and Drug-Botanical Interactions.

Detection of drug-drug interactions is essential during the early stages of drug discovery and development, and the understanding of drug-botanical interactions is important for the safe use of botanical dietary supplements. Among the different forms of drug interactions that are known, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is the most common cause of drug-drug or drug-botanical interactions. Therefore, a rapid and comprehensive mass spectrometry–based in vitro high-throughput P450 cocktail inhibition assay was developed that uses 10 substrates simultaneously against nine CYP isoforms. Including probe substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and two probes targeting different binding sites of CYP3A4/5, this cocktail simultaneously assesses at least as many P450 enzymes as previous assays while remaining among the fastest due to short incubation times and rapid analysis using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated using known inhibitors of each P450 enzyme and then shown to be useful not only for single-compound testing but also for the evaluation of potential drug-botanical interactions using the botanical dietary supplement licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as an example.
The sociology of code-switching

Abstract Code-switching, a phenomenon commonly found in human communication, has begun to receive greater attention it deserves in sociolinguistics, although it had been a major part of British scholarship as may be represented by scholars like J. R. Firth. Perhaps, what is needed in sociolinguistics now is a micro-theory of code-switching in which the instrumental use of language and other forms of semiotic expression are readily explicated. The model described in this essay provides such a framework. It is based on research in symbolic interactionism and borrows from the rich tradition of dramaturgical sociology. It also relates to the concept of emergence and the negotiation of social reality in the field of ethnomethodology.
Effect of cyanide and antimycin A on the reduction of cytochrome b and ubiquinone in electron transport particles

Although ubiquinone in electron transport particles (ETP) is reduced by succinate at the same rate in the presence of both cyanide and Antimycin A, it is reoxidized upon addition of malonate more rapidly and completely in the presence of Antimycin A. With cytochrome b in these particles, the inhibitors play reversed roles. The cytochrome is rapidly and completely reduced in particles treated with Antimycin A; reoxidation is incomplete on addition of malonate. With cyanide, reduction of cytochrome b by succinate is slow and incomplete; reoxidation is complete on addition of malonate. This behavior is strong evidence for a branched pathway of electron transport in these particles. NADH reduces more cytochrome b than does succinate, but Antimycin A is still needed for complete reduction. Succinate reduced only half the flavoprotein in ETP which can be reduced by NADH in the presence of either cyanide or Antimycin A.
Desarrollo y validación del Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Vascular Surgery (REAL_VS)

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron desarrollar y evaluar el cuestionario REAL_VS (1) (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Vascular Surgery) para los investigadores que estudian la influencia del nivel cultural en lo que respecta al conocimiento y desarrollo de la cirugia vascular, y una version breve, el REAL_VSs (2), que permita a los medicos evaluar la familiaridad de los pacientes con los terminos relacionados con la cirugia vascular. Se uso un proceso de tres fases para identificar los terminos potenciales a incluir en el REAL_VS, incluida una revision del contenido del material educativo para pacientes existente en internet y la audicion de una muestra aleatoria de 50 grabaciones archivadas de encuentros cirujano vascular-paciente. El REAL_VS estuvo formado por 75 terminos (p. ej., stent, gangrena, cruento, aneurisma) de dificultad variable. Para participar en el presente estudio se incluyeron a 152 pacientes que hablaban ingles (≥ 18 anos de edad) que asistian a una clinica de cirugia vascular universitaria (media de edad = 61,4 ± 14,6 anos). Durante las entrevistas personales, se obtuvo la informacion sociodemografica de los pacientes, y se les administro la Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), una encuesta de amplia utilizacion, al igual que el REAL_VS. Las puntuaciones medias obtenidas en la primera (56,9 ± 14,0) y en la segunda (63,3 ± 15,6) se correlacionaron de manera significativa (correlacion de rango de Spearman [ρ] = 0,91; p
The Convergence of Murein Recycling Research with β-Lactamase Research

ABSTRACT The story of how investigation of Escherichia coli cell wall elongation evolved into a study of murein recycling and how this led to the discovery that ampG and ampD were required for both murein recycling and β-lactamase regulation is chronicled. Preliminary information on two other genes believed to be involved in recycling, nagZ, the structural gene for β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and tpl, the presumed structural gene for the hypothetical tripeptide-adding enzyme, is presented. The possibility that recycling of murein fragments serves a signaling function is discussed.
Validation of the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire to screen for REM sleep behavior disorder in a community-based sample.

Objective:To validate a questionnaire focused on REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a community-based sample.Background:RBD is a parasomnia manifested by recurrent dream enactment behavior during...
The study of database design must address privacy concerns

The proliferation of electronic databases has given rise to many practices and occurrences that pose serious threats to personal privacy. This paper argues that attention to privacy should be an integral part of the database design process, and that database designers are uniquely positioned to ensure that this happens. To motivate students to become privacy‐conscious database design professionals, computer science programs must meet the challenges of implementing an “ethics across the curriculum” methodology to integrate privacy content throughout the design thread of the introductory database course.
Transformations of the Lognormal Distribution as a Selection Model

Abstract The length-biased lognormal distribution arises as a weighted lognormal distribution, via a process that distorts the probability of observations being selected. In this note we present some interesting transformations of the lognormal distribution to recover the information lost due to this lopsided selection process.
Parametrical Study of Pump-to-Injector Line Pressure Over Various Input Parameters of Liquid Fuel Compression Engine

The fuel injection and peak fuel injection pressures of a liquid fuel compression-ignition engine, such as a diesel engine or a diesel engine burning an alternative liquid fuel, are affected by fuel physical properties, and various engine design and operation input parameters. The fuel physical properties under this investigation include fuel density, fuel bulk modulus of elasticity, and fuel viscosity. The design and operation input parameters studied include the engine speed and the injector nozzle configuration parameters, such as the number of holes per injector nozzle, the dimensions of the hole, and the nozzle fuel flow discharge coefficient. The work of this paper analytically investigates the effects of those input parameters on pump-to-injector line fuel pressure and peak pressure. An understanding and simplified modeling of the fuel peak pressure affected by those property and input parameters are developed. The variations of the fuel pressure parameters over varying the fuel properties and the input parameters are analyzed and predicted. Results from this study indicate that, as the fuel bulk modulus of elasticity varies, the initial fuel pressure build-up period would be affected more significantly, with a less-significant variation in the fuel-line peak pressure. Among those fuel physical properties, the fuel density has a relatively significant effect on the fuel peak pressure. The effects of the various design and operation input parameters on the fuel peak pressure and related injection parameters are also studied and presented.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
NGF Signaling from Clathrin-Coated Vesicles: Evidence that Signaling Endosomes Serve as a Platform for the Ras-MAPK Pathway

The target-derived neurotrophic factor "nerve growth factor" (NGF) signals through TrkA to promote the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of neurons. How the NGF signal in axon terminals is conveyed to the cell body is unknown. The "signaling endosome hypothesis" envisions that NGF-TrkA complexes are internalized at the axon terminal and retrogradely transported to the cell body. Following NGF treatment, we found that clathrin-coated vesicles contained NGF bound to TrkA together with activated signaling proteins of the Ras-MAP kinase pathway. Evidence that these vesicles could signal was their ability in vitro to activate Elk, a downstream target of Erk1/2. Our results point to the existence of a population of signaling endosomes derived from clathrin-coated membranes in NGF-treated cells.
Nonsurgical Infarctectomy in Acute Experimental Myocardial Infarction

This study examines whether a catheter mounted left intraventricular balloon may prevent left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following acute experimental myocardial infarction. In 10 anesthetized pigs, multiple coronary arterial ligations were applied around the apex of the heart. LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), aortic flow (AF), and LV long and short axis fractional shortening (FS) were measured before and at 15 min intervals after ligations. At the 60th min after ligation, the LV long axis FS and AF decreased by 7.2 +/- 2.6% (p < 0.05) and 13.25 +/- 2.68% (p < 0.01), respectively, and the LVEDP increased by 4.3 +/- 1.1 mm Hg (p < 0.01) while no change was noted in the LV short axis FS. An intraventricular catheter mounted nonpulsating balloon was positioned over the endocardium of the infarcted area at the LV apex. Inflation of the nonpulsating balloon to an optimal volume, which was found to be equal to 8-10% of the LV end-diastolic volume, resulted in a reduction (by 3.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p < 0.01) of the already increased LVEDP and in an increase (by 6.6 +/- 2.1%, p < 0.05) in the LV short axis FS while no statistically significant change was noted in the AF and LV long axis FS. It is concluded that an intraventricular catheter mounted balloon patch positioned over the endocardium of the infarcted area may ameliorate early LV dysfunction, possibly by interfering with the functional geometry of the LV contraction.
Comparative Aspects of Fmrfamide Gene Organization in Molluscs

In pulmonate molluscs two precursors for FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) are generated from a single gene by alternative splicing. One precursor gives rise to FMRFamide and FLRFamide and a few variants: the tetra-FaRPs. A second precursor gives rise to heptapeptides of the form XDPFLRFamide and variants: the hepta-FaRPs. The tetra-FaRPs and hepta-FaRPs have mutually exclusive cellular localizations and have some differing actions on neurons and muscles. Hepta-FaRPs have been found in all pulmonates examined, even the most primitive species, but only in pulmonates and not other gastropods. A decapeptide FaRP isolated from the mussel Mytilus-ALAGDHFFRFamide is one of the more hepta-FaRP-like peptides isolated from a non-pulmonate, and thus is a candidate homolog of the hepta-FaRPs. But we show that this decapeptide is encoded on the same exon as FMRFamide in the mussel Geukensia, and thus is not a real homolog of the hepta-FaRPs. Since the one and only FaRP precursor known from the opisthobranch Aplysia has a splice junction at a location similar to that of the tetra-FaRP precursor of pulmonates, we speculated that an alternatively-spliced form of the FMRFamide gene exists in this species too. One candidate was the precursor for a group of peptides ending in LFRFamide, but we found that this precursor has no significant sequence in common with the FMRFamide precursor. Thus, there remains a dichotomy between pulmonates and all other molluscs with regard to their FMRFamide genes and FMRFamide-related peptides.
Source credibility and syllogistic reasoning.

Two experiments examined whether a source credibility effect would be observed for a syllogistic reasoning task. In the experiments, people were given two statements, presented as the results from a survey, followed by a conclusion that was supposedly made by one of two sources. In Experiment 1, one of the sources was described as honest and the other as dishonest, and in Experiment 2, one of the sources was described as an expert and the other as a non-expert. Because a pilot experiment showed that credibility can be overridden by people’s experience with a source, all conclusions in Experiments 1 and 2 were ones that were likely to be accepted (i.e., necessary and possible strong conclusions). Both experiments showed a clear source credibility effect, particularly for the invalid conclusions. These results, along with the belief bias effect and previous research with conditional reasoning, suggest that people can be influenced by extraneous context, such as the honesty or expertise of a source, in a syllogistic reasoning task.
Formation of a THF adduct of the organometallic samarium oxide [(C5Me5) 2Sm]2(μ-O)

Abstract (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Sm(THF) 2 reacts with 1,2-epoxybutane in toluene to form, in addition to the toluene soluble [(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Sm] 2 (μ-O), 1 , the hexane soluble [(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Sm(THF)] 2 (μ-O), 2 . In hexane, 2 loses THF to form 1 as a precipitate, but 1 cannot be converted to 2 by addition of THF at room temperature. Compound 1 does convert to 2 in low yield in THF at reflux. The reaction of (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 SM(phthalan) with 1,2-epoxybutane generates 1 and a phthalan analog of 2, [(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Sm(phthalan)] 2 (μ,-O), 3 . Compound 2 reacts with Me 3 CCN to form [(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Sm(NCCMe 3 )] 2 (μ-O), 4 , by displacement of THF.
3.8-μm photometry during the secondary eclipse of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b

We report infrared photometry of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b during the time of secondary eclipse (planet passing behind the star). Observations were acquired during two secondary eclipses at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) in 2003 September. We used a circular variable filter (1.5 per cent bandpass) centred at 3.8 μm to isolate the predicted flux peak of the planet at this wavelength. Residual telluric absorption and instrument variations were removed by offsetting the telescope to nearby bright comparison stars at a high temporal cadence. Our results give a secondary eclipse depth of 0.0013 ± 0.0011, not yet sufficient precision to detect the eclipse, whose expected depth is ∼0.002 –0.003. We here elucidate the current observational limitations to this technique, and discuss the approach needed to achieve detections of hot Jupiter secondary eclipses at 3.8 μm from the ground.
ATP induced polarization of keratohyalin granules.

SUMMARY Within seconds of exposure of frozen sections of stratum granulosum of glycerinized cow hoof to a buffered solution of adenosinetriphosphate, the keratohyalin granules underwent transformation into polarized fine linear rods. This polarization phenomenon was associated with gross pleating, twisting and crumpling of the section, indicative of varying contractile forces.
Diffusion, Ionization, and Sampling Processes in the Glow Discharge Source for Mass Spectrometry

A microsecond pulsed glow discharge source has been coupled to a quadrupole mass analyzer for plasma diagnostics. Diffusion times of sputtered atoms from the cathode surface to the sampling orifice are measured for different cathodeorifice distances, pressures, and powers. These measured times are found to be close to the values calculated from the theoretical models, indicating the suitability of this approach to describe the diffusion process in the glow discharge. By comparing ion signal profiles of the gaseous species and sputtered particles and the theoretical atom distributions, evidence is shown that most ions measured by the mass spectrometer are ionized in the vicinity of the orifice.
Oblique wind waves generated by the instability of wind blowing over water

The growth rates of gravity waves are computed from linear, inviscid stability theory for wind velocity profiles that are representative of the mean flow in a turbulent boundary layer. The energy transfer to the waves is largely concentrated in an angle (to the wind) interval that broadens with increasing wind speed and narrows with increasing wavelength. At sufficiently high wind speeds and sufficiently short wavelengths, the waves of maximum growth rate propagate at an oblique angle to the wind. The connection with bimodal directional distributions of observed spectra is discussed.
Absorption of canthaxanthin by the rat is influenced by total lipid in the intestinal lumen.

In this study the effect of luminal lipid on the absorption of canthaxanthin (CTX) was investigated using the lymph duct cannulated rat. Treatments were emulsions designed to deliver increasing amounts of olive oil (10, 30, 50, 70, or 90 mg/h) and CTX (12.5 nmol/h). Emulsions were continuously infused into the duodenum for 12 h, and lymph was collected during the final 6 h of infusion for analysis. As the amount of lipid in the emulsion increased, a linear increase in the absorption of CTX was observed. The recovery of CTX in the lymph when infused with 10 mg/h olive oil was 14.2±1.2% and with 90 mg/h was 26.9±5.7%. The efficiency of CTX absorption nearly doubled by increasing the amount of lipid infused with CTX. The correlation between lipid load and CTX absorbed was r=0.85. We conclude that luminal lipid load affects CTX absorption.
Would you admit your mother to the residency service? Introducing the JCHIMP resident safety column

There remain tremendous opportunities to improve the stability and safety of American health care. Within this context, residents and residency programs face two essential questions: how to reduce the risk to patients resulting from resident inexperience, and how to change our programs to create the safer physician of the future? The spread of side-by-side teaching and non-teaching services creates a natural setting to study these questions and improve both services. When asked the question, “Would you admit your mother to the resident service?”, many of us respond, “It depends”. We are focusing this column on helping programs answer this question definitively in the positive, share potential best practices, and underscore community hospital’s contribution to our understanding of patient safety. Keywords: patient safety; graduate medical education; internal medicine; community hospital; retrospective cohort (Published: 31 July 2014) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2014, 4 : 24502 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.24502
The isotopic exchange of arsenic trichloride and chlorine

Abstract We have measured the rate of exchange of isotopic chlorine between arsenic trichloride and chlorine in carbon tetrachloride solution. We find no simple mechanism indicated, the reaction is catalysed by hydrogen chloride, and the formation of arsenic pentachloride is shown to be very unlikely.
Laser-Doppler anemometer to study velocity fields in the vicinity of prosthetic heart valves.

Laser-Doppler anemometry is relatively new technique which is used for measuring velocity fields. It has major applications in the field ofin vitro biofluid mechanics. The laser-Doppler anemometers have many advantages compared with the traditional hot-wire or hot-film anemometers which are still mainly used in studies of biofluid mechanics. A laser-Doppler anemometer (I.d.a) system which can be used to measurein vitro velocity and shear-stress profiles in the vicinity of prosthetic heart valves is described. Accurate velocity measurements in the vicinity of prosthetic heart valves are very scarce, and the use of I.d.a systems will facilitate acquisition of these data.
A vacuum chamber for simplifying the collection of expired air samples.

Metalized bags for collection and storage of expired air for the study of oxygen consumption in man have been described by Johnsonet al. [J. appl. Physiol.22, 377–379 (1967)]. We have developed a vacuum chamber to permit rapid, multiple sampling with these metalized bags. The reproducibility and reliability of oxygen and carbon dioxide measurements of samples collected with the vacuum chamber compare favorably with accepted standard techniques, such as that of Campney and Pleasants [Res. Quart. Amer. Ass. Hlth phys. Educ.36, 207–210 (1965)].
Monomers and polymers of tripalladium(0) ditropylium halides.

The synthesis and characterization of a series of polymeric complexes based upon a central tripalladium ditropylium (Tr) unit [Pd3Tr2] and containing different halide ligands are reported. The complexes were synthesized in good yield and characterized by multinuclei NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microanalysis, and X-ray crystallography. An unexpected product was an inorganic polymer consisting of linked individual tripalladium ditropylium units [Pd3Tr2X2]∞ (X = Cl, Br, and I); this is the first reported, crystallographically characterized example of polymeric tripalladium complexes with halide ligands.
Novel Epoxynorbornane Monomers. 2. Cationic Photopolymerization

The reactivity of a novel series of mono-, di-, and multifunctional monomers bearing the epoxynorbornane group in photoinduced cationic polymerization was determined using Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning photocalorimetry. Comparisons were made between the monomers of this investigation containing the epoxynorbornane group with monomers of similar structure bearing epoxycyclohexane groups. Although the cationic polymerizations of the epoxynorborane functional monomers are rapid they, are slower than the aforementioned epoxycyclohexane analogues. This was attributed mainly to steric hindrance effects.
On Becoming an Applied Anthropologist: Collaboration and Clients in the Classroom

The academic ritual of commencement—donning the cap and gown, walking across the stage, moving the tassel from one side to the other—is a symbolic passage from amateur to professional. It is as though the stage is a bridge into expert territory where graduates are now Anthropologists, with a capital "A." No longer protected by the safety net of professors and studies, they are left to be anthropologists on their own. Years are spent learning the invaluable principles, theories, and ideals that instigate the passion for the study of humans. Students are very aware of what an anthropologist is, but many are left to wonder what it means to be an anthropologist and how this precious knowledge can be used.
Decay kinetics of 4 F 3/2 fluorescence of Nd +3 in YAG at room temperature

By means of localized time constant measurements, the fluorescent behavior for the principal transition of YAG:Nd emanating from the 4F3/2 state has been analyzed at room temperature as a function of concentration. It is found that the overall decay process is the superposition of multiexponential components over the concentration range of 0.9–1.6 at. % of Nd. The dependence of decay rate on excitation intensity was examined to register monomolecular kinetics for the case associated with each exponential decay process. From these results it is predicted that the YAG:Nd crystals are inhomogeneously broadened in nature similar to glass.
Post-Silicon Design Methodology on Chip Power Characterization, Validation, and Debug Applied on High Performance Per Watt Microprocessor

As performance per Watt concept being adapted on CPU's performance, a comprehensive post-silicon design methodology on chip power characterization, debug, and validation developed for an energy-efficient product performance become ever more important. An infrared photon-emission (IREM) based technique has been established to meet the needs. With those developed tool capabilities, we can validate simulated fullchip power, determine the causes of excessive power leakage, generate die power and thermal maps, and eventually optimize follow-on designs for power performance. This newly developed techniques have been applied and proven reusable on multiple core microprocessors fabricated under 90 nm and 65 nm CMOS technology. Examples of 5-8% power saving as compared with the first silicon data are presented here to demonstrate the success on debug and design optimization on full chip power.
Conference emphasizes mitigation of natural disasters through modern instrument systems

Modern instrumentation systems that collect, analyze, distribute, and archive data on earthquakes and associated hazards have already been put in place successfully in a number of countries. These systems have improved the accuracy of long-term assessments of the likelihood of future hazards, including earthquakes and tsunamis, and also have improved the speed of emergency response through rapid determination of earthquake location and the extent and level of damage. Reduced costs are making such interactive communications affordable and cost-effective for Latin American countries and many developing countries. The role of instruments was emphasized at the International Conference on Modern Preparation Response Systems for Earthquake, Tsunami, and Volcanic Hazard held earlier this year in Chile. In the opening address, Philippe Boulle, Director of the United Nations Secretariat for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, stressed that the most effective approach to reducing losses is prevention. “There is an unfounded tendency to consider that the investigation to strengthen the existing infrastructure before disasters will cost much more than the cost of response after disasters. It is exactly just the reverse,” he said.
Typology of men who are maritally violent: a discussion of Holtzworth-Munroe and Meehan.

Note: This publication responds to an ariticle by Holtzworth-Munroe and Meehan that discussed batterer subtypes. REFERENCES: Holtzworth-Munroe, A., & Meehan, J.C. (2004, December). Typologies of Men Who Are Maritally Violent: Scientific and Clinical Implications. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(12), 1369-1389. (VioLit Record Number 19770) Violence Against Women Partner Violence Domestic Violence Offender Spouse Abuse Offender Adult Male Adult Offender Adult Violence Male Offender Male Violence Husband Offender Offender Typology Professional Criticism 03-05
Statistical distribution of neutron semiconductor device degradation

The population of permanent neutron degradation of base current per unit neutron fluence is normally distributed. The standard deviation of the population is about 10% of the mean degradation. This information is used to estimate circuit failures after a neutron pulse.