cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 437: Novel function of the BAP1 nuclear deubiquitinase in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of double strand DNA repair

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background- The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is mutated in a hereditary cancer syndrome with increased risk of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and uveal melanoma and in subsets of sporadic cases of these cancers, as well as in clear cell renal carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods and Results- We found that BAP1 knockdown is associated with increased DNA damage and that this effect of BAP1 knockdown is further enhanced by both X-irradiation and concomitant DNA-PKcs inhibitor II treatment in normal human mesenchymal stem cells and the MPM cell line H-Meso. A BAP1 mutant deficient in deubiquitinase activity is also associated with increased DNA damage in the H-Meso cells. Interactional total peptide (ITOP) analysis based on proteins identified by Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of BAP1 protein complexes in H-Meso MPM cells and 293T cells identified known binding partners [HCF1, ASXL2, H2A] as well as possible novel interaction partners, notably PRKDC which encodes the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) and functions with the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. Double stranded DNA damage resulted in prominent nuclear expression of BAP1 protein in H-Meso cells and phosphorylation of BAP1 at Serine 395. Overexpression of dominant negative BAP1 C91W mutant in MPM cells caused instability of DNA-PKcs. Although strong polyubiquitination of DNA-PKcs was observed upon DNA damage in MPM cells expressing BAP1 C91W, this polyubiquitination was not observed in the presence of wild type BAP1. A plasmid-based NHEJ assay also confirmed a significant effect of BAP1 on NHEJ activity. Conclusion- Functional complexes between BAP1 and the NHEJ family components point to a novel role in DNA repair and may shed light on BAP1's role as an important tumor suppressor Citation Format: Tatsuo Ito, Shigehisa Kitano, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Marc Ladanyi. Novel function of the BAP1 nuclear deubiquitinase in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of double strand DNA repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 437. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-437
Persistent and dynamic trust: analysis and the related impact of trusted platforms

This paper reviews trust from both a social and technological perspective and proposes a distinction between persistent and dynamic trust. Furthermore, this analysis is applied within the context of trusted computing technology.
Evolutionary Danger for Rainforest Species

Numerous genetic analyses show that virtually all traits are accompanied by genetic variance. In a Perspective, [Roff][1] explains surprising new findings that reveal a lack of genetic variation in an ecologically important trait (desiccation resistance) in a population of rainforest fruit flies ([ Hoffmann et al .][2]). Roff discusses the implications of this study for the adaptation of species to global warming. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/301/5629/58 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/301/5629/100
Experimental implementation of cooperative transmission range extension in indoor environments

This paper presents an experimental comparison between cooperative communication and single-input single-output (SISO) system, in terms of the corresponding ranges of signal reception in each case. Transmissions have been achieved using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) platform, with the signal processing and time synchronization occurring in the GNU Radio environment. The method has been implemented in a typical office environment, with cooperative transmission (CT) taking place over a multiple hop network, using the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) scheme. Presented herein are comparisons between SISO and cooperative networks with regards to ranges and bit error rate (BER) performance.
Immunology of Invertebrates: Cellular

The invertebrate immune system employs a number of strategies involving effector cells to avoid the host's immunological assaults, and histocompatibility in transplantation immunity. Keywords: effector molecules; immunocyte; phagocytosis; haemocytic encapsulation; exocytosis; melanization; granuloma haemostasis; transplantation
Exploratory analysis enabled by multiresolution, multiperspective modeling

The objective of exploratory analysis is to gain a broad understanding of a problem domain before going into details for particular cases. Its focus is on understanding comprehensively the consequences of uncertainty, which requires a good deal more than normal sensitivity analysis. Such analysis is facilitated by multiresolution, multiperspective modeling (MRMPM) structures that are becoming increasingly practical. A knowledge of related design principles can help build interfaces to more normal legacy models, which can also be used for exploration.
Trauma after transplant: hold the antibiotics please.

Abstract Objective: Despite the increase in transplantation and the prevalence of trauma as a major disease entity, few data exist about transplant patients who suffer trauma. We conducted a study to determine whether transplant patients (TP) have worse outcomes, particularly of infections, than do their non-transplant (NTP) counterparts after trauma. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of trauma patients from 2006 to 2010. All patients who had undergone organ transplantation were included and compared through 1:3 propensity matching with their NTP counterparts. Data for the groups were compared to determine differences in outcomes. Results: The review included 17 TP (13 kidney, 2 liver, 1 kidney/liver, and 1 kidney/pancreas) as compared with 51 NTP. The patients were matched for injury severity score (ISS), age, and gender, with most suffering blunt trauma (82.4% [14/17] TP vs. 90% [46/51] NTP, p=0.5). The groups had similar initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (13.2±4.5 TP vs. 13.9±2.5 NTP, ...
Development of a freeride mountain bike suspension fork

For the benefit of engineers working outside the bicycle industry, this paper describes some engineering considerations related to the development of a new model full suspension bicycle fork. The impact of market forces on the development process is considered, and a description of various design tools currently in use is provided. A detailed model of a new fork travel adjustment feature is included, along with simulation results produced by this model. The paper also includes an overview of the laboratory testing resources that are used to ensure the robustness of contemporary bicycle components.
Left ventricular apex-to-thoracic aorta shunts using aortic valve allografts in calves.

Abstract In some patients with severe obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract it is very difficult to relieve the stenosis adequately by conventional surgical means. In an effort to develop an accessory route for the egress of blood from the left ventricle, an experimental procedure was explored. This consisted of the creation of a shunt from the left ventricular apex to the descending thoracic aorta which was constructed from fresh aortic allografts (including the aortic valve and annulus). These were implanted in a series of calves. Five weeks following operation, three shunts were shown to be open and could adequately support the circulation when the normal aortic root was completely occluded for periods up to 21 minutes. Application of this type of approach might be indicated in some patients with aortic stenosis for whom no form of satisfactory surgical therapy is currently available.
Unstable layers in the mesopause region observed with Na lidar during the Turbulent Oxygen Mixing Experiment (TOMEX) campaign

[1] The Na wind/temperature lidar located at Starfire Optical Range near Albuquerque, New Mexico, provided real time measurements of wind, temperature, and Na density in the mesopause region during the TOMEX rocket campaign in October 2000. The state of the atmosphere in which the rocket was launched into was examined using the lidar measurements. Both convectively and dynamically unstable layers were observed at various times and altitudes during the night. The low convective stability region below 90 km was found to be associated with the diurnal tide. The unstable layers are the combined results of wave and tidal perturbations. Comparison with the thermosphere/ionosphere/mesopshere/electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) simulation showed that the model can produce the general feature of the observed atmospheric structure (but with a much smaller diurnal amplitude in temperature), which likely leads to underestimate of instability and gravity wave effects.
Emission from an active photonic crystal

We investigated theoretically the emission from an active photonic crystal. Redistribution of photon density of states by a photonic lattice was found to greatly influence the thermal emission spectrum, resulting in substantial deviation from the Planck distribution. The calculation predicts that the photonic lattice intensity may exceed that of a blackbody source within certain spectral regions. However, the excess emission may be lost in practice because of nonradiative losses and photonic lattice inhomogeneities.
Assessment of predictors of response to neostigmine for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.

OBJECTIVE: Acute colonic pseudoobstruction (ACPO) most commonly develops after surgery, with narcotic administration, or in association with severe illness. Most cases resolve with conservative management. Colonoscopic decompression may be required in patients failing to respond to conservative treatment. Neostigmine has been proposed as an effective treatment for ACPO as an alternative to colonoscopic decompression. We sought to identify factors associated with spontaneous resolution of ACPO and to identify variables associated with a response to i.v. administration of neostigmine for the treatment of ACPO. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of Mayo Clinic’s diagnostic index revealed all patients who developed ACPO between July, 1999 and September, 2001 at the Mayo Clinic Medical Center. We separately analyzed those patients who did not resolve ACPO with conservative management and to whom i.v. neostigmine was administered. Patient records were abstracted for demographic data, etiology of ACPO, management, and response to treatment. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients were identified with ACPO between July, 1999 and September, 2001; 117 patients (77%) had spontaneous resolution of symptoms. Of the 34 “nonresolvers,” 18 patients received neostigmine, whereas 16 did not receive neostigmine. Of those 16 patients, 11 required colonoscopic decompression, two underwent surgery, and three died of underlying illness. “Spontaneous resolvers” were less likely to be taking narcotics (59% vs 74%, p = 0.08). Of the 16 nonresolvers who did not receive neostigmine, only one had a contraindication to neostigmine use. Of the 18 patients that who received neostigmine, 16 patients (89%) had prompt evacuation (<30 min) of flatus or stool. Sustained clinical response to neostigmine was noted in 11 of 18 (61%); the remaining seven patients (39%) required colonoscopic decompression or surgery for recurrent or persistent colonic dilation. Neostigmine-responders were more likely to be older (mean age, 76 yr vs 54 yr, p = 0.03), than nonresponders. Preneostigmine cecal diameter did not differ significantly between responders (median, 12 cm) and nonresponders (median, 13 cm), p = 0.9. Median time to resolution of ACPO in spontaneous resolvers was 4 days compared to 2 days in patients responding to neostigmine; p = 0.038. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with ACPO respond to conservative treatment. Female gender and older age are associated with a response to neostigmine in those patients who do not respond to conservative management. Neostigmine appears to be under-used in patients with ACPO who do not have a true contraindication to its use.
A 45nm low power system-on-chip technology with dual gate (logic and I/O) high-k/metal gate strained silicon transistors

A leading edge 45 nm CMOS system-on-chip (SOC) technology using Hafnium-based high-k/metal gate transistors has been optimized for low power products. PMOS/NMOS logic transistor drive currents of 0.86/1.08 mA/um, respectively, have been achieved at 1.1 V and off-state leakage of 1 nA/um. Record RF performance for a mainstream 45 nm bulk CMOS technology has been achieved with measured fT/fMAX values of 395 GHz/410 GHz for NMOS and 300 GHz/325 GHz for PMOS with 28 nm Lgate transistors. HV I/O transistors with robust reliability and other SOC features, including linear resistors, MIS and MIM capacitors, varactors, inductors, vertical BJTs, precision diodes and high density OTP fuses are employed for HV I/O, analog and RF circuit integration.
Clinical management of a child with Prader-Willi Syndrome from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) genetic inheritance.

Abstract Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is reported in 1 in 10,000–15,000 individuals. Unfortunately, many cases are missed due to clinicians’ lack of familiarity with the syndrome as well as clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria. Although common clinical characteristics are reported, variety exists in the nature and severity of dysfunction associated with PWS. Case studies can provide information to understand relationships between phenotypic characteristics and genetic inheritance, which can in turn lead to effective clinical management. The purpose of this case study was to describe the characteristics of a child with PWS due to maternal uniparental disomy inheritance pattern and to describe clinical management and treatment outcomes. Learning outcomes: The reader will obtain information about: (1) the genetic inheritance patterns and clinical characteristics of Prader–Willi Syndrome, (2) genotypic/phenotypic relationships specific to Prader–Willi Syndrome, and (3) clinical implications, management, and outcomes in a case description of a child with PWS due to maternal uniparental disomy inheritance pattern.
Two-patch dispersal-linked compensatory-overcompensatory spatially discrete population models

We study the role of asynchronous and synchronous dispersals on discrete-time two-patch dispersal-linked population models, where the pre-dispersal local patch dynamics are of mixed compensatory and overcompensatory types. Single-species dispersal-linked models behave as single-species single-patch models whenever all pre-dispersal local patch dynamics are compensatory and dispersal is synchronous. However, the dynamics of the corresponding two-patch population model connected by asynchronous dispersal depends on the dispersal rates. The species goes extinct on at least one patch when the asynchronous dispersal rates are high, while it persists when the rates are low. We use numerical simulations to show that in both synchronous and asynchronous mixed compensatory and overcompensatory systems, symmetric and asymmetric dispersals can control and impede the onset of cyclic population oscillations via period-doubling reversal bifurcations. Also, we show that in mixed systems both asynchronous and synchronous...
Poynting flux-dominated jets in decreasing-density atmospheres. I. The nonrelativistic current-driven kink instability and the formation of wiggled structures

Nonrelativistic three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of Poynting flux-dominated (PFD) jets are presented. Our study focuses on the propagation of strongly magnetized hypersonic but sub-Alfvenic (C V 1). In the jet frame the mode grows locally and expands radially at each axial position where the jet is unstable: the instability, therefore, does not propagate as a wave along the jet length. CD instabilities have a number of features that make them an attractive explanation for the helical jet structure observed in active galactic nuclei and pulsars: (1) because the magnetic field remains strong, CD instabilities do not develop into full MHD turbulence; (2) the helical structures saturate and advect with the bulk flow; (3) they distort the body of the jet, not merely its interface with the ambient medium; (4) local plasma flow, then, follows a helical path along the kinked magnetic field backbone. A naturally occurring, external helically magnetized wind, which is (quasi-)axially current-free, surrounds the well-collimated current-carrying jet and reduces velocity shear between the jet and external medium. This stabilizes the growth of MHD Kelvin-Helmholtz surface modes in the inner jet flow.
Evidence for spontaneous circle formation in the replication of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus.

Abstract Replication of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus (sTobRV RNA) has been postulated to require rolling circle transcription. The expected product of rolling circle transcription, multimeric sTobRV RNA, is known to undergo self-cleavage in vitro to release unit-length sTobRV RNA. A spontaneous, efficient, not enzymically-catalyzed in vitro circularization reaction is characteristic of unit-length sTobRV RNA of the less abundant, (−) polarity. We mutated sTobRV RNA at two sites that are distant from each other in the polyribonucleotide chain. A third form of the sTobRV RNA was mutated at both sites. Multimeric forms of the one-site mutants of sTobRV(+)RNA and sTobRV(−)RNA showed, respectively, undiminished and slightly diminished self-cleavage, whereas the spontaneous circularization of each one-site-mutated, unit-length sTobRV(−)RNA was greatly reduced, compared to the reactions of wild-type sTobRV RNA and the two-site mutant. The two-site mutant and the wild-type sTobRV RNAs replicated with similar efficiency. They reduced the titer of, and severity of, symptoms induced by coinoculated tobacco ringspot virus (TobRV). When coinoculated with TobRV, neither one-site mutant increased or provided protection against TobRV. Rather, each induced a substantial accumulation of what is apparently an endogenous form of sTobRV RNA. Our results are consistent with the formation of circular sTobRV(−)RNA as an essential step in sTobRV RNA replication.
The quality of podium presentations at the american society of colon and rectal surgeons: does a decade make a difference?

The technology of the seven-minute scientific presentation has changed greatly with the universal acceptance of computerized slides and graphics. We performed this study to see whether the quality of delivery has improved pari passu with technical advances in presentation of data. In 1993 and in 2003 a sample of the podium presentations given at The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons annual scientific meeting was analyzed. Number of slides, type of slides, time of presentation, and quality of presentation were recorded. Quality was scored by the presence of poor presentation techniques such as presenting too fast for the slide to be comprehended, presenting data that were different to what was on the slide, using fonts that were too small to be read, and reading the exact wording of the slide. One point was awarded for each transgression and for any talk lasting more than 7.9 minutes; the higher the score, the worse the presentation. Thirty-eight presentations were analyzed from the 1993 meeting in Orlando and 40 were analyzed from the 2003 meeting in New Orleans. There was no difference in mean time of the presentation (1993, 7.5 minutes ± 1.5 standard deviation vs. 2003, 7.2 minutes ± 0.7 standard deviation), in mean number of slides used per presentation (1993, 16.4 ± 3.3 standard deviation vs. 2003, 17.1 ± 5.4 standard deviation), or in slides per minute (1993, 2.3 ± 0.8 standard deviation vs. 2003, 2.5 ± 1.0 standard deviation). Presentation technique was much worse in 1993, however, with a mean quality score of 2.2 ± 1.1 standard deviation vs. 0.8 ± 0.9 standard deviation in 2003 (P < 0.001). The most common fault in both years was presenting a slide too rapidly, a fault more pervasive in 1993 than in 2003 (1993, 30/38 presentations vs. 2003, 16/40). Only ten presentations went over the allotted time in 2003, by an average of one minute. In 1993, 18 presentations were too long, by an average of 1.8 minutes each. The basic structure of the seven-minute podium presentation has changed little over the last ten years, despite major advances in technology. The most notable improvements have been in the technique of delivering the talk.
Competing responses at the goal as a function of percent reinforcement, amount of reinforcement, and deprivation condition

Competing responses emitted after Ss reached the foodcup were observed in a straight runway as a function of 100% or 50% reinforcement, 1- or 20-pellet rewards, and 6 or 21 1/2 h of deprivation. During acquisition and extinction, large rewards increased postgoal competing responses, but higher deprivation suppressed these responses. Partially reinforced Ss produced more postgoal competing responses during extinction than did consistently reinforced Ss. When Ss were trained on a 50% schedule, postgoal competing responses were positively related to runway performance. This relationship was negative for Ss trained on a 100% schedule.
Correlation of patient-reported symptom outcomes and treadmill test outcomes after treatment for aortoiliac claudication.

Purpose To examine the relationship between objective treadmill test outcomes and subjective symptom outcomes among patients with claudication treated with stent revascularization (ST) compared with supervised exercise (SE).
False recognition produced by laboratory-established associative responses

Sixty-four Ss learned one of two paired-associate (PA) lists (A-B or C-B) and then transferred to a 100-word recognition list (RL). During RL Ss were required to indicate as each word was shown whether or not that word had been shown earlier in RL. The stimulus words from one of the PA lists (A words) appeared in the first half of RL. Both the natural language associates of the A words (A′) and the PA response words (B) appeared in the second half of RL. There was a significant interaction indicating more errors were made to B words than to A′ words following A-B learning, but the opposite obtained following C-B learning.
Assessment of Job Satisfaction Among College Administrators.

This study represented an initial effort to explore the potential of the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) as an instrument for the measurement of job satisfaction in institutions of higher learning. The JDI is a standardized measure of five dimensions of job satisfaction that has been used almost exclusively in non-educational organizations. A selected sample of college administrators was categorized into three groups based upon the degree of congruency between their preferred and perceived job responsibilities. The results of the study showed that those college administrators whose preferred and perceived job responsibilities were most congruent tended to earn a higher mean score on the Work Environment scale of the JDI than their colleagues whose preferred and perceived job responsibilities were less congruent. The implications of this finding were discussed in terms of future research on job satisfaction in the academic community and between administrators in different types of organizational settings.
Hyperbranched polyols from hydroformylated methyl soyate

Received 5 July 2011; accepted 6 October 2011DOI 10.1002/app.36232Published online 31 January 2012 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).ABSTRACT: Hydroformylation of methyl soyate pro-duces a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters with zero,one, two, and three hydroxyl groups, the major compo-nent being with two hydoxyls (around 50%). Polymeriza-tion of methyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids gives ahyperbranched product with a different content ofhydroxyl groups depending on the degree of conversion.Molecular weights can be controlled by controlling thedegree of conversion but also using monofunctional com-ponents. A range of hyperbranched polyols with accepta-ble viscosities and functionalities, suitable for flexibleapplications, was obtained by stopping the reaction atvarying degrees of conversion. Monte-Carlo simulationof the polymerization of hydroxylated methyl soyategave molecular weights and polydispersity which werecompared with experimental values. Although hydroxy-lated methyl soyate contains considerable amounts ofmono- and difunctional fatty acids, the system producesa physical gel at the highest conversions. This is due tovery high molecular weights and was confirmed byexperiments and the simulation. The simulation unex-pectedly gave lower molecular weights but wider distri-bution than the experiments. This discrepancy wasexplained by the combination of experimental difficultiesand possible side reactions leading to higher molecularweights. Functionality of polyols determined from gelpoints at critical NCO/OH ratios was reasonably close topredictions.
Metastatic Endotracheal Tumor From Ovarian Carcinoma

This report describes a patient with acute airways obstruction and respiratory failure secondary to a large endotracheal metastasis from a primary ovarian carcinoma first detected seven years previously. Associated airflow obstruction due to mucus impaction contributed significantly to the development of respiratory failure. The tumor responded to radiotherapy, and radiologic evidence for tracheal obstruction was no longer present five months after irradiation.
Predictors, frequency, and indications for cardiopulmonary bypass during lung transplantation in adults

The records for 162 lung transplantations performed in 158 patients were reviewed with regard to the predictors for, frequency of, and indications for using cardiopulmonary bypass during the procedure. There were a total of 8 en bloc double-lung transplantations, 83 single-lung transplantations, and 71 bilateral single-lung transplantations. Bypass was used electively for all double en bloc and three of the bilateral sequential lung transplantation procedures and for 26 unilateral lung replacement procedures in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Of the remaining patients, 1 single-lung transplant recipient required bypass for correction of a surgical mishap and 18 bilateral single-lung recipients required bypass during replacement of the second lung. No preoperative predictors for the need of bypass could be identified. Among the bilateral sequential lung recipients, the use of bypass did not seem to adversely affect outcome, as expressed in terms of the time until extubation, the time spent in the intensive care unit, and the time required to reach a room air oxygen tension greater than 60 mm Hg.
Isolation of two AKH-related peptides from cicadas.

Two peptides related to locust adipokinetic hormone and crustacean red pigment concentrating hormone were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography from the cicadas Cacama valavata and Diceroprocta semicincta. Both species have the same peptides. The structure of one of the peptides is pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Ser-Trp-Gly-Asn-amide. The mass spectrum, amino acid composition, and amino acid sequence of the other peptide suggest that it is almost identical to the first peptide. However, the exact nature of the difference between the two peptides could not be determined. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Is Rehbein's operation an obsolete method of treating Hirschsprung's disease?

The long-term results of Rehbein's method were studied in view of our own experience with 51 children who were treated surgically between 1970 and 1985 for Hirschsprung's disease at the Pediatric Surgical Centre in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Although good long-term results were obtained in 80% of the children, a large number of cases required very intensive postoperative care for quite some time. Fourteen percent still use laxatives regularly. We compared our results to those of other authors who had also used Rehbein's method; no significant difference was observed. In comparison with the results obtained via other surgical methods, those of Rehbein's operation seem even slightly better. Contrary to the suggestions generally made in textbooks and publications, the postoperative course of Hirschsprung's disease is not always problem-free. As yet, we have found insufficient grounds for changing our surgical technique.
Risk-Sensitive Control Under Markov Modulated Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack Strategies

We consider the problem of risk-sensitive stochastic control under a Markov modulated denial-of-service (DoS) attack strategy in which the attacker, using a hidden Markov model, stochastically jams the control packets in the system. For a discrete-time partially observed stochastic system with an exponential running cost, we provide a solution in terms of the finite-dimensional dynamics of the system through a chain of measure transformation techniques. We also prove a separation principle under which a recursive optimal control policy together with a newly defined information-state constitutes an equivalent completely observable stochastic control problem. Remarkably, on the transformed measure space, the solution to the optimal control problem appears as if it depends only on the sample-path (or path-estimation) of the DoS attack sequences in the system.
PRODUCTION OF ENDOGENOUS “SALT-ACTIVE” CORTICOIDS AS REFLECTED IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM AND CHLORIDE OF THERMAL SWEAT*

THE evidence given in this article appears to be adequate to establish the facts i) that the concentrations of sodium and chloride in sweat are governed by activity of the adrenal cortex, ii) that these concentrations reflect the degree of activity of the “salt-active” corticosteroids (desoxycorticosterone-like1 corticoids), iii) that administration of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to normal people is capable of stimulating a simultaneous increase in the production of all three types of physiologically active adrenal corticosteroids, i.e., the DCA-like corticosteroids, the 11 and 11–17 oxysteroids and those excreted as 17-ketosteroids, and iv) that the complicated process of metabolic acclimatization to heat is accomplished by increased secretory activity of the adrenal cortices which have in turn been activated by pituitary adrenocorticotropin. Preliminary observations indicate the probability that the sweat electrolyte pattern can be used in clinical and in experimental medicine as an ind...
Invariant manifolds and the calculation of the long-term asymptotic response of nonlinear processes using singular PDEs

Abstract The present research work proposes a new systematic approach to the problem of finding invariant manifolds and computing the long-term asymptotic behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. In particular, nonlinear processes are considered whose dynamics is driven by an external time-varying ‘forcing’ or input/disturbance term, or by a set of time-varying process parameters, or by the autonomous dynamics of an upstream process. The formulation of the problem is conveniently realized through a system of singular first-order quasi-linear PDEs, and a rather general set of conditions for solvability is derived. In particular, within the class of analytic solutions the aforementioned set of conditions guarantees the existence and uniqueness of a locally analytic solution. The solution of the system of singular PDEs is then proven to be a locally analytic invariant manifold of the nonlinear dynamical system. The local analyticity property of the invariant manifold enables the development of a series solution method, which can be easily implemented with the aid of a symbolic software package such as maple . Under a certain set of conditions, it is shown that the invariant manifold computed exponentially attracts all system trajectories, and therefore, the long-term asymptotic process response is described and calculated through the restriction of the process dynamics on the invariant manifold. Finally, in order to illustrate the proposed approach and method, a representative enzymatic bioreactor example is considered.
New metabolites of imipramine.

1. Urine and plasma extracts from patients taking imipramine or desmethylimipramine (D.M.I.) contain substances which become strongly yellow-green fluorescent in ultraviolet light after treatment with strong acid. 2. Some of these substances behave like 10-hydroxy iminodibenzyl derivatives in their extractability by heptane, behaviour in three solvents on thin-layer chromatography, colour staining, and reaction with acetic anhydride. They display, on further chromatography after acid treatment, a characteristic pattern of fluorescent degradation products. 3. 10-hydroxy desmethylimipramine, 10 hydroxy imipramine, 10-hydroxy didesmethylimipramine, and possibly 10-hydroxy iminodibenzyl, have been provisionally identified, and may occur also as glucuronides. 10-hydroxylation appears to be a separate metabolic pathway distinct from 2-hydroxylation.
Morphology of Inductively Coupled Plasma Processed HgCdTe Surfaces

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) processing has become the industrial processing standard for HgCdTe and its related II–VI compounds. In this study ICP processes were developed that allow several microns of HgCdTe to be plasma etched while maintaining a low root-mean-square (RMS) roughness, and even improving the surface roughness in the case of HgCdTe-on-Si. These ICP processes are superior to older electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etches. The resulting ICP plasma processed surfaces are oxygen and carbon free, have a good reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern, and have only a small amount of mercury depletion, x = 0.22 to 0.47 (where x is the ratio of Cd to␣Hg), in the first 25 A to 30 A of the HgCdTe. Nanofeatures of the as-grown HgCdTe are retained during the process and are believed to be indicative of the fundamental defect mechanisms in the different HgCdTe etched surfaces. Results from these experiments strongly suggest that ICP plasma processes can be used to delineate pixels, etch vias, clean surfaces, and even produce epi-ready surfaces that would allow HgCdTe to become much more manufacturable, and perhaps allow the replacement of wet processing in HgCdTe.
Triaxial tests on dry, naturally occurring snow

Abstract This study presents and discusses the results of triaxial tests conducted on dry, naturally occurring snow. The applied strain rate for the fresh snow was 1.01 × 10 −5 s −1 and the confining pressure was varied from 0 to 41.37 kPa. Stress-deformation curves are presented and snow behavior is represented within the context of a critical state model (Roscoe et al., 1963). Under these specific loading conditions the stress-deformation curves demonstrate that snow exhibits an instantaneous response which can be characterized as an isotropic, nonlinear, elastic-plastic strain hardening material for computational purposes. The loading conditions did not promote the viscous behavior of the snow and viscous effects are not considered. When the results are corrected to true stress, the snow continues to deform without an increase in load beyond the limit load. Also, the effect of increased ultimate strength with increased confining pressure was, in general, apparent for snow.
Participation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Luteinizing Hormone-Induced Differential Regulation of Steroidogenesis and Steroidogenic Gene Expression in Mural and Cumulus Granulosa Cells of Mouse Preovulatory Follicles

The LH surge induces the terminal differentiation and onset of luteinization in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles, a process that involves the differential expression of genes essential for steroidogenesis and appears to be mediated by complex signaling pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate whether these processes that commonly occur in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) also occur in cumulus cells, and whether they are mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), specifically MAPK3/1 (also commonly known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1&2, ERK1/2). The standard superovulation model for premature female mice was used to obtain MGCs and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and sensitive real-time RT-PCR was used to simultaneously detect the expression levels of transcripts encoding key steroidogenic enzymes in the same sample. We observed significant downregulation of Cyp19a1 and upregulation of Star and Cyp11a1 mRNA expression in both COCs and MGCs after in vivo administration of hCG or in vitro treatment with gonadotropins or 8-Br-cAMP. This differential pattern of steroidogenic gene expression was correlated with the ultimate changes of circulating estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) levels after administration of hCG. In vitro, when MGCs and COCs were treated with U0126 - a specific inhibitor of MAPK3/1 activation - gonadotropin-induced P(4) production, 8-Br-cAMP-induced P(4) production, and expression of Star and Cyp11a1 mRNA were significantly downregulated, whereas the levels of E(2) and Cyp19a1 mRNA in the same samples were significantly upregulated. We conclude that the surge of preovulatory LH induces the differential expression of transcripts encoding key steroidogenic enzymes essential for E(2) and P(4) synthesis in both cumulus and MGCs, and this process is mediated by the MAPK3/1-dependent pathway.
Causes of growth in the informal labor sector in Mexico's Northern Border Region

The Mexican border region, along with other developing regions, is experiencing increasing pressure from a growing labor supply. Demand for labor in the modem industrial sector has not kept pace with this expansion. The necessity of survival prevents the resulting excess supply from being unemployed. Instead, this labor is forced to seek employment in the "unorganized sector," turning its creativity into the "self-generation" of income. This unorganized sector, which has come to be called the urban informal sector, consists of owners and employees of micro-enterprises (usually defined as no more than four employees), independent producers and unpaid family members (Ortiz 1985:105). It is characterized by ease of entrance, but also by low wages, marginalized living, lack of security and lack of opportunity to create physical or human capital. Its labor supply operates with a minimum of physical resources, but manages to compete by remaining hidden from government regulations, taxes and by accepting very low wages. The informal sector interacts with and subsidizes the formal sector by providing needed services cheaply and by maintaining a flexibility and adaptability that allows it to respond quickly to changing demands. Much of its market is directed toward other members of the informal sector, providing a cheaper source of goods and services. Growth in demand for labor in the informal sector does not depend on its own capacity for capital accumulation, but on labor surplus from the industrial sector and on possibilities of producing or selling anything that will generate income (Souza and Tokman 1976:355). Expansion of the informal sector in Mexico should not be viewed as an inevitable part of the development process. The size of this sector relative to the size of the formal labor sector is strongly influenced by government policies. Altering these policies could alter the proportion of workers channeled into marginalized living. For purposes of this study the urban informal labor sector is treated as a residual (U). It includes all labor (L) which is not in the urban industrial sector (N) and not in agriculture or mining (A). It can be expressed as: (1) U = L - N - A. That this residual has grown so rapidly during the course of Mexican border region development is regarded as a failure of the economic system. This study empirically examines the impact of various policies and cultural changes that have occurred in the Mexican border region on the growth of the informal labor sector during the last thirty years.
Real-time control of human coagulation

In previous work, the authors showed that the dynamics of human blood clotting could be fruitfully modelled and simulated as a hybrid system (HS), that is, one with interacting continuous and discrete parts. Here, the authors show that, although a complete analysis of the HS is (computationally) infeasible, analysis and control techniques can indeed be applied to a large, critical subsystem a set of about 100 ordinary differential equations. The theory is outlined behind the control techniques and then demonstrate in a series of simulations their application to control of pathological blood clotting, both hypercoagulatory (factor-V Leiden) and hypocoagulatory (haemophilia A). In particular, steering is simulated during a clotting event of the crucial blood–protein thrombin, via the controlled injection of (recombinant) factor VIII (for haemophilia) or the anti-coagulant heparin (for FV Leiden). It remains to remedy the shortcomings of this control technique, and to extend it to the remainder of the HS of the previous work; methods for these are proposed, and addressed in a subsequent article.
A CONTROLLED EVALUATION OF TWO ANTIHISTAMINE COMPOUNDS USING NASAL ENGORGEMENT AS AN INDEX OF RESPONSE.

T HE evaluation of antihistamine compounds intended for the treatment of various allergic states in man is generally based, first, on the protection offered by the compound in animal studies (e.g., antagonism toward histamineinduced spasm in segments of guinea pig intestine, or inhibition of increased capillary permeability induced by injection of dextran) , and, second, on the subjective experiences of patients having chronic or seasonal allergies who have received the drug. While the first method is pharmacologically valuable and the data so derived are capable of fairly precise measurements, it is none the less somewhat distant to the situation encountered by the physician who undertakes the treatment of a patient with allergic rhinitis. The second approach, utilizing patients who have a seasonal pollinosis during the period of their difficulty, is unquestionably more germane to this particular aspect of antihistamine therapy, but, as usually performed, has many variables which cloud the true pharmacodynamics of the compound under study. Some of the problems encountered in such an investigation are described in an excellent report by Wahner and Peters.’ The method of study reported here represents an effort to create a controlled treatment situation which is similar to that which occurs in medical practice, but which will yield data subject to fewer unwanted variables.
GLASS WOOL AS INSULATOR FOR REFRIGERATION PURPOSES1

A new method has been used to measure the thermal conductivities of insulating materials which consists of the observation of the rate of melting of ice in a vessel insulated with the material under investigation. This is done by noting the change of volume of the mixture of ice and water by means of a graduated glass tube connected to the vessel. Results are given for glass wool of various densities, powdered cork, magnesia asbestos composition, slag wool, Sil-O-Cel powder, cotton waste and sheep's wool. It is also shown that glass wool that can be kept dry is a very superior insulating material.
A phase contrast cinemicrographic analysis of elevated oxygen tension effects on cell dynamics in strain L cells

Abstract Phase contrast cinemicrographic methods and fixed preparations were used to ascertain the effect of prolonged exposure of strain L cells to Eagle MEM that was gassed with a mixture of 95% O 2 − 5% CO 2 . The results of this study showed that division in synchronous strain L cells is inhibited by exposure to hyper-oxygenated medium when the cells are in early G1. The effect of elevated levels of oxygen delayed the separation of sister cells following mitosis by 4 to 12 h. Nucleolar morphology suggested that oxygen-treated cells may proceed slowly through S phase where they are partially arrested. Some synchronous cells were observed to round up after 3 h exposure to hyper-oxygenated medium. Some cells lysed after rounding up. Asynchronous strain L cells exposed to hyper-oxygenated medium exhibited cytological anomalies such as nuclear blistering, extrusion of nuclear material, multinuclear giant cell formation, and nuclear bridge formation following nuclear division.
Purification of follice-stimulating hormone from horse anterior pituitary glands

Abstract Fresh horse-pituitary glands were extracted with 40% ethanol and the gonadotropins were recovered by increasing the alcohol concentration to 85% followed by drying with acetone. This preparation was further extracted with water at pH 5, and the extract was adjusted to pH 7 and lyophilized. The follicle-stimulating hormone in the pH-5-souluble fraction was purified by zone electrophoresis and resolved into six components by starch-gel electrophoresis. One of these components contained follicle-stimulating hormone which was recovered in the elution cell and the contaminating starch was separated by chro,atography on Dowex- 2 X8. This follicle-stimulating hormone stimulated estrogen production in immature hypophysectomized female rats and was essentially free of luteinizing hormone and other pituitary hormones. It migrated as a single zone in starch-gel electrophoresis and sedimented as a single boundary in the ultracentrifuge.
Rock Alteration and its Relation to Surface Finishing

Rock finishing is a valuable tool used by architects to improve contrasts in decoration pattern in walls or building facades as they exhibit textures and color differences on their surfaces according to the type of finishing. When exposed to aggressive environment, these finishing impose different rate of alteration in the rocks as their ability to absorb humidity is also different for each type of finishing. Special types of silicate rocks underwent experiments in order to test their response to salt fog atmosphere. The study was centered on surface aspects of polished and honed finishing and their mass loss during seven salt fog cycles. All rocks studied are identified in the rock industry as granites although some are differently classified according to their petrography. They are: Blue Bahia, Belfast, Amazonite, Baltic Brown, Imperial Brown and Blue Labrador “Granites”. Each one has a particular feature to justify its inclusion in the study, as texture, mineral composition or specific occurrence and mineral association.
Millimeter-wave power operation of an AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum well MISFET

The authors have developed state-of-the-art millimeter-wave power transistors using quantum-well MISFETs. MISFETs with both undoped InGaAs wells and doped InGaAs wells have been built. The f/sub t/ of the MISFETs with doped well was higher than that of MISFETs with undoped wells, indicating that the device speed does not degrade when the charge transport layer is doped. The power performance of the MISFETs with doped wells was far superior. The best device delivered a power density of 1.0 W/mm with 3.2-dB gain and 27% power-added efficiency at 60 GHz. >