cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA coding for the human DF3 breast carcinoma-associated antigen

The murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) DF3 reacts with a high molecular weight glycoprotein detectable in human breast carcinomas. DF3 antigen expression correlates with human breast tumor differentiation, and the detection of a cross-reactive species in human milk has suggested that this antigen might be useful as a marker of differentiated mammary epithelium. To further characterize DF3 antigen expression, we have isolated a cDNA clone from a lambda gt11 library by screening with mAb DF3. The results demonstrate that this 309-base-pair cDNA, designated pDF9.3, codes for the DF3 epitope. Southern blot analyses of EcoRI-digested DNAs from six human tumor cell lines with 32P-labeled pDF9.3 have revealed a restriction fragment length polymorphism. Variations in size of the alleles detected by pDF9.3 were also identified in Pst I, but not in HindIII, DNA digests. Furthermore, hybridization of 32P-labeled pDF9.3 with total cellular RNA from each of these cell lines demonstrated either one or two transcripts that varied from 4.1 to 7.1 kilobases in size. The presence of differently sized transcripts detected by pDF9.3 was also found to correspond with the polymorphic expression of DF3 glycoproteins. Nucleotide sequence analysis of pDF9.3 has revealed a highly conserved (G + C)-rich 60-base-pair tandem repeat. These findings suggest that the variation in size of alleles coding for the polymorphic DF3 glycoprotein may represent different numbers of repeats.
Sol-gel preparation of rare-earth silicate glasses

Rare-earth silicate glasses have been obtained by a sol-gel method starting with the rare earth carbonates of Pr, Dy and Er and TEOS (tetraethoxysilane). Expressed in the form xLn2O3(1 − x)SiO2, the glasses have compositions in the range x = 0.009 to 0.052, which corresponds to 0.9 to 5.2 mol% or up to 23 wt% rare earth oxide as determined by electron microprobe. The glasses were produced by densification at 800 ° C. Infrared and visible spectra and magnetic susceptibilities are reported.
Dexamethasone-suppressed corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for diagnosis of mild hypercortisolism.

Context: The definitive diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in the setting of mild disease, as well as exclusion of CS in the setting of conditions that might mimic this clinical entity (pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome), continues to present a significant challenge to the clinician. Objective: The aim of the study was to review characteristics of the combined dexamethasone-suppressed CRH stimulation test in patients evaluated at an academic center for the possibility of mild CS. Design, Patients, and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 66 patients. A total of 51 patients underwent final statistical analysis: 21 (41%) had Cushing’s disease, and 30 were considered to have pseudo-CS based on the clinical scenario, comorbidities, and follow-up. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of cortisol and ACTH levels for the diagnosis of Cushing’s disease were calculated at 1 min before, and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after CRH administration. Diagnostic cutoffs for each parameter were determined by minimizing the absolute difference between sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic accuracy was characterized by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, determined using the trapezoid rule. Results: The highest diagnostic accuracy was provided by the serum ACTH level at 15 min post-CRH, in which the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 99.7%, and a cutoff of more than 27pg/ml(5.9pmol/liter)providedasensitivityof95%andspecificity of 97% for the diagnosis of CS. A 15-min post-CRH cortisol greater than 2.5 g/dl (70 nmol/liter) provided a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 90%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results differ from previous studies because our data suggest that when using the combined dexamethasone-suppressed CRH stimulation test, a 15-min post-CRH ACTH value greater than 27 pg/ml (5.9 pmol/liter) had the highest diagnostic accuracy for the detection of CS. However, the sensitivity and specificity for this test were not statistically different from the sensitivity and specificity of other tests, such as those measuring post-CRH stimulated ACTH levels or post-CRH cortisol levels at other time points. Therefore, clinicians should be cautious about interpretation of suppression and stimulation tests in the diverse population of patients with hypercortisolism. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 2972–2976, 2007)
Applications of Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis: Integrating Correlational and Experimental Approaches.

This article discusses mean and covariance structure (MACS) analysis as a mechanism for testing individual differences and group mean differences within a single integrated framework. The article is most appropriate for those with a basic understanding of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling but who have not been introduced to mean structures in either model. The article is both a tutorial and an extension of previous research. It is a tutorial because it introduces the MACS framework using more familiar regression terms, proposes a model-testing framework to be followed, provides numerous illustrations and applications, and discusses both conceptual and programming issues (as well as providing the code for the programming). It is also an extension of previous research because it illustrates several novel applications of MACS to organizational research questions, including how to (a) model mean differences across three independent groups, (b) conduct latent pairwise comparisons, (...
Zinc Speciation in Contaminated Sediments: Quantitative Determination of Zinc Coordination by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to quantify the various proportions of the different ligation spheres of zinc in the sediments of Lake DePue (Illinois, USA), an environment contaminated by smelting operations. Samples were collected with a hand-held piston coring device, sub-cored, sectioned in thin, ~1-mm-thick sections, and kept under cryogenic conditions (liquid N2) to prevent any chemical change. X-ray absorption spectra were recorded in the continuous XAS scanning mode, and the experimental errors of the data collection were directly measured. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was decomposed on a basis set of references’ EXAFS spectra. These reference standards were selected relying on geochemical analyses and analytical electron microscopy data. The propagation of experimental errors through the entire process allowed the assessment of the quality of the resulting Zn speciation. The results show that Zn is coordinated with a wide variety of ligands: carbonate, phosphate, sulfide, and water. The proportions of these various coordinative environments vary with both location and depth in the core. Close to the source of contamination, a significant fraction of Zn is present as an aqua-complex, suggesting that Zn is under a rather labile chemical form. Away from the source of contamination, Zn is predominantly bound to sulfide, which is rather inert under the reducing conditions prevailing in these sediments.
Assessment of stability of trace elements in two natural matrix environmental standard reference materials: NIST-SRM 1547 Peach leaves and NIST-SRM 1566a Oyster Tissue.

The NIST program for environmental Standard Reference Materials (SRM) includes materials covering a range of matrices, mass fraction values and analytes. For many SRMs, mass fraction data are accumulated, incidentally, over time, as these are used routinely for quality assurance purposes. Although these are not formal stability studies, data generated may be useful in assessing stability. To evaluate the potential for assessing material stability from incidental use of SRMs, results of neutron activation analysis performed from 1992 through 2008 were compiled for SRM 1547 Peach Leaves and SRM 1566a Oyster Tissue. Results indicate that incidental use of SRMs yields useful information on SRM stability.
Identification of Mental Disorders in an In-Patient Prison Psychiatric Unit: Examining the Criterion-Related Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory

Identifying inmates with mental disorders is a crucial function of correctional mental health services. This study examined the utility of several theoretically relevant scales and subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007) to identify various broad diagnostic categories (i.e., mood, psychotic, and substance use disorders) in a sample of prisoners in an inpatient psychiatric facility (N 57). Results indicated moderate effect sizes and classification accuracy for most but not all PAI scales and subscales. Experimental scales for the detection of substance use disorders performed worse than the PAI Drug Problems scale in isolation.
Regulation of in vitro Calcium Phosphate Mineralization by Combinatorially Selected Hydroxyapatite-Binding Peptides

We report selection and characterization of hydroxyapatite-binding heptapeptides from a peptide-phage library and demonstrate the effects of two peptides, with different binding affinities and structural properties, on the mineralization of calcium phosphate mineral. In vitro mineralization studies carried out using one strong- and one weak-binding peptide, HABP1 and HABP2, respectively, revealed that the former exhibited a drastic outcome on mineralization kinetics and particle morphology. Strong-binding peptide yielded significantly larger crystals, as observed by electron microscopy, in comparison to those formed in the presence of a weak-binding peptide or in the negative control. Molecular structural studies carried out by circular dichroism revealed that HABP1 and HABP2 differed in their secondary structure and conformational stability. The results indicate that sequence, structure, and molecular stability strongly influence the mineralization activity of these peptides. The implication of the research is that the combinatorially selected short-sequence peptides may be used in the restoration or regeneration of hard tissues through their control over of the formation of calcium phosphate biominerals.
Distribution of mass within native thick filaments of vertebrate skeletal muscle.

The distribution of mass within the vertebrate skeletal thick filament has been determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Thick and thin filaments from fresh rabbit muscle were mixed with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), fixed with formaldehyde, dried onto thin carbon films and viewed in a computer-linked microscope. Electron scattering data from both TMV and thick filaments were analysed with reference to the long axis of the particles so that the distribution of mass within the particles could be determined. While TMV appeared to be a uniform rod at the resolution employed (4.3 nm), the thick filament was clearly differentiated along its length. M-line remnants at the centre of the filament were flanked by regions of low mass per unit length, corresponding to the bare zone of the filament, and then by the more massive cross-bridge regions. The mass per unit length was approximately constant through most of the cross-bridge zone and declined at the filament tips, in a manner consistent with a constant number of myosin molecules per 14.3 nm interval (crown) throughout the cross-bridge zone. Fourier analysis of the data failed to detect the expected 43 nm periodicity of C-protein. The total mass of the thick filament was 184 Mdalton (s.e.m., 1.6 X 10(6); n = 70). The mass of adhering M-line proteins was highly variable but, on average, was about 4 Mdalton. The total mass of the filament and the mass distribution in the cross-bridge zone are consistent with three myosin molecules per crown.
Probes for the micellar cage effect. The magnetic 13c-isotope effect and a new cage product in the photolysis of dibenzyl ketone

Abstract An isotopic enrichment factor, α, is employed as a novel probe to study the effect of solute and of detergent concentration on micellar parameters. The formation of a new cage product is also found to follow monotonically the concentration of micelles in aqueous detergent solutions. It is shown by these probes that the average occupancy of the micelles by the solute does not significantly alter the dynamic micellar behavior with respect to reactions that occur in the micelle cage.
The Importance of Art Viewing Experiences in Early Childhood Visual Arts: The Exploration of a Master Art Teacher's Strategies for Meaningful Early Arts Experiences.

The visual arts can be an important and rich domain of learning for young children. In PreK education, The Task Force on Children’s Learning and the Arts: Birth to Age Eight (Young children and the arts: Making creative connections, Washington, DC: Arts Education Partnership, 1998) recommends that art experiences for young children include activities designed to introduce children to works of art that are high quality and developmentally appropriate in both content and presentation. This paper documents the teaching strategies utilized by a master art teacher at the Denver Art Museum to engage preschool-age students in art viewing experiences which were part of a museum-based art program. This research provides support for integrating rich, meaningful art viewing experiences as a regular part of young children’s arts experiences while offering early childhood educators teaching strategies for early art viewing experiences.
Subclinical Doses of the Nerve Gas Sarin Impair T Cell Responses through the Autonomic Nervous System

The nerve gas sarin is a potent cholinergic agent, and exposure to high doses may cause neurotoxicity and death. Subclinical exposures to sarin have been postulated to contribute to the Gulf War syndrome; however, the biological effects of subclinical exposure are largely unknown. In this communication, evidence shows that subclinical doses (0.2 and 0.4 mg/m(3)) of sarin administered by inhalation to F344 rats for 1 h/day for 5 or 10 days inhibited the anti-sheep red blood cell antibody-forming cell response of spleen cells without affecting the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen. Moreover, sarin suppressed T cell responses, including the concanavalin A (Con A) and the anti-alphabeta-T cell receptor (TCR) antibody-induced T cell proliferation and the rise in the intracellular calcium following TCR ligation. These concentrations of sarin altered regional but not total brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Interestingly, serum corticosterone levels of the sarin-treated animals were dramatically lower than the control animals, indicating that sarin-induced immunosuppression did not result from the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Pretreatment of animals with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine abrogated the inhibitory effects of sarin on spleen cell proliferation in response to Con A and anti-TCR antibodies. These results suggest that the effects of sarin on T cell responsiveness are mediated via the autonomic nervous system and are independent of the HPA axis.
A new solution of an eccentric crack off the center line of a rectangular sheet for mode-III

Abstract A new solution of an eccentric crack off the center line of a rectangular sheet for mode-III is reported in this paper. The solution is different from X.S. Zhang's under general cases since the latter is based on the assumption of symmetry. Actually the assumption implies that the crack is located on the center line of a rectangular sheet. The method proposed in this paper combines the Fourier transform and two Fourier series. The stress intensity factor of the central crack located off the center line of a rectangular sheet is expressed as the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The uniform loading case is considered in detail for a practical example. Numerical calculations are performed for various sheet configurations, and the results are summarized in a form and a figure.
Probabilistic model-based detection and localization of calibration phantoms in CT Images

As medical imaging moves from qualitative assessment to quantitative analysis based on bio-markers, calibration of imaging data becomes critically important. In computed tomography (CT) images values are scaled to Hounsfield units (HU), despite this, the measurements can vary due to differences in machine-level calibration and patient size. One way to ensure proper calibration at the image level is to include a phantom containing objects of known HU values in each scan so that each image can be calibrated individually by the values measured from the phantom regions within the image. This introduces a need to extract phantom measurements from each image. Given a reasonable starting point manually or heuristically, this is a straightforward segmentation problem because the phantom regions are well defined and the values are relatively uniform. However, the problem becomes challenging if the requirement is a fully automated method that is robust across variations of phantoms and that can exclude images without phantoms. In this paper, we describe a probabilistic model-based approach to tackling this problem. We use the constellation model framework first proposed by Burt el al. to represent a phantom as composed of a number of parts and determine the existence and localization of the phantom in a probabilistic sense based on the detection of candidate parts. This model based approach allows us to formally describe variations in phantom design and handle missing parts caused by phantom regions similar to the background. Initial results on 100 CT studies from a longitudinal cardiovascular study are encouraging.
cDNA cloning and gene characterization of the mitochondrial large subunit (LSU) rRNA from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica . Evidence of heterogeneity in the fluke mitochondrial genome

A cDNA clone that encodes the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) from the liver fluke F. hepatica was isolated and characterized. This RNA molecule is polyadenylated at the 3' end and represents 10% of the poly A+RNA in adult F. hepatica. Fluke LSU rRNA has significant sequence homology to mosquito mitochondria LSU rRNA and is more closely related to the mitochondrial rRNA of hermaphroditic than dioecious trematodes. Mitochondrial DNA constitutes approximately 10% of the total cellular DNA of adult flukes. This percentage is lower in non-embryonated eggs as are the levels of LSU rRNA indicating eggs have lower metabolic activity. Analysis of transcription and the number of mitochondrial genomes in S. mansoni shows that the LSU rRNA is more abundant in females than in males. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the fluke mitochondrial LSU rRNA genes suggests the presence of heterogeneous repeated copies in the mitochondrial genome or heterogeneity among individual genomes of mitochondria.
The Ball Curve: Calculated Racism and the Stereotype of African American Men.

Racism, according to Banton (in Kitano, 1985), refers to the efforts of a dominant race group to exclude a dominated race group from sharing in the material and symbolic rewards of status and power. It differs from the various other forms of exclusion in that qualification is contingent on observable and assumed physiological traits (Wilson, 1992). Said traits imply the inherent superiority of dominant groups; this superiority is then rationalized as the natural order of the biological universe (Minor & McGauley, 1988). In America, the most zealous proponents of racism profess that those of European descent are superior to African Americans as a matter of biological fact (Welsing, 1970). They postulate that those of European descent alone have been endowed with the capacities necessary to bring about civilization. So-called "advancing civilization" was a thinly veiled form of colonialism devoted to adjudicating the right of European Americans to embark on a nationwide mission aimed at subjugating African American men (Daly, Jennings, Beckett, & Leashore, 1995; Pinderhughes, 1982). By way of slavery and colonization, European Americans left no terrain of Western society untouched by their domination. After decades of domination, the mission to subjugate African American men has necessitated a universal, almost mystic belief in the power of race to elevate or taint (Hyde, 1995). Consequent to differences in racial heritage, racism has prevailed, at times, as one of the most subtle, but devastating, and tenacious social problems in the modern era (Hernton, 1965; Kovel,
Hegel and Naturphilosophie

Abstract Against current non-metaphysical interpretations, I argue that Naturphilosophie is central to Hegel’s philosophy. This is so for three reasons. First, it was crucial to Hegel’s program to create a holistic culture. Second, Naturphilosophie is pivotal to absolute idealism, Hegel’s characteristic philosophical doctrine. Third, the idea of organic development, so central to Naturphilosophie, is pervasive throughout Hegel’s system. This idea is essential to Hegel’s concepts of spirit, dialectic, and identity-in-difference. Finally, I take issue with the neo-Kantian critique of Hegel’s Naturphilosophie on the grounds that it fails to appreciate the underlying motive behind Hegel’s system: the attempt to resolve the aporia of Kant’s epistemology.
Drug Biotransformation Interactions in Man VI: Acetaminophen and Ascorbic Acid

Acetaminophen (1 and 2 g.), salicylamide (1 g.), and 1 g. acetaminophen followed 1.5 hr. later by 1 or 2 g. salicylamide were administered in aqueous solutions to healthy human subjects. Urine was collected every 15-30 min. for the first 4-5 hr. and then at longer intervals. The urine samples were analyzed for acetaminophen, acetaminophen sulfate, acetaminophen glucuronide, salicylamide, salicylamide sulfate, and salicylamide glucuronide. The excretion rates of acetaminophen sulfate and acetaminophen glucuronide decreased immediately after administration of salicylamide. Acetaminophen decreased the formation of salicylamide sulfate. Coadministration of L-cysteine (a source of sulfate) prevented this effect and also increased the excretion of acetaminophen sulfate. The results indicate a competitive inhibition in the formation of acetaminophen sulfate and salicylamide sulfate and suggest also a competitive inhibition in the formation of acetaminophen glucuronide and salicylamide glucuronide.
Identification and Characterization of Location Decision Factors for Relocating Dairy Farms

A survey was conducted to determine the importance of various location factors during the site selection process for relocating dairy farms. The objectives were to identify the importance of location decision factors (LDF) and characterize how importance differs among respondents with different demographic characteristics. Information was collected from sampled populations of Grade A milk producers in the top 35 milk-producing states in the United States and from U.S. agribusiness professionals using a mailed questionnaire. Location decision factors (n = 110) were rated on importance using a numerical scale of 0 to 10, where 0 = not important and 10 = critically important. Demographic data were collected from each respondent. Of 906 respondents, 72.4% identified their primary occupation as dairy producer. The five overall most important LDF were 1) availability of fresh water supplies (9.16 ± 0.05); 2) availability of land for waste management (8.94 ± 0.05); 3) average mailbox price of milk (8.79 ± 0.05); 4) quality of fresh water supply (8.41 ± 0.06); and 5) complexity of laws governing waste management (8.35 ± 0.06). Factors pertaining to dairy production activities, such as cost of feeds and milk handling, were prevalent among those LDF in the upper quartile of importance. Region and herd size had significant effects on the overall importance of LDF. The relative importance of factors differed between western and eastern regions of the United States. Observed differences in importance of LDF among subclasses of respondents suggest that characteristics of the geographic regions evaluated and dairy production activities at various scales affect perceived importance of certain LDF.
Factors affecting methanol photocatalytic oxidation and catalyst attrition in a fluidized-bed reactor

Abstract A resolution IV fractional factorial experimental design explored the effects of seven factors on both the methanol photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) rate and the catalyst particle size distribution using a fluidized-bed reactor. The seven factors were as follows: calcination temperature, calcination time, grinding order, particle size, vibration amplitude, carrier gas humidity, and fluidization velocity. Decreasing calcination temperature from 726 to 623 K increased the activity of TiO2/Al2O3 catalysts for methanol PCO. Attrition during fluidization liberated small TiO2 particles from the bulk catalyst and the rate of attrition increased with gas velocity. Attrition was the primary cause of catalyst elutriation and not the presence of fine particles initially present in the bed from catalyst preparation. Increasing humidity caused agglomeration of fine particles, which reduced the amount of catalyst carryover. Removal of fines from the catalyst bed prior to fluidization caused an increase in catalyst attrition until the amount of fines present in the bed was similar to that of a bed in which fines were not removed.
Immunoglobulin A Defines Secretions from Salivary Tissue in Post–Sistrunk Procedure Drainage:

Objectives. This was a pilot study to establish a protein difference between thyroglossal duct cyst fluid relative to oral saliva, in order to differentiate patients with residual thyroglossal cyst from those with salivary fistula in the case of post–Sistrunk procedure incisional drainage. Past immunohistochemistry studies on archived tissue blocks from post–Sistrunk procedure patients have shown MUC5AC to have elevated concentrations in thyroglossal duct relative to salivary tissue; secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) was also chosen as a candidate protein based on previously published reports of its increased concentration in saliva relative to respiratory secretions.Design. Diagnostic tests were assessed. Thyroglossal duct cyst fluid and oral saliva were obtained from 12 patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then performed on the samples to identify the presence of MUC5AC and IgA.Setting. Tertiary care hospital.Subjects. Patient fluid samples were taken immediately postoperatively for pa...
An exponentially convergent adaptive algorithm for time-varying IIR filters

Conditions for exponential stability are established for a class of adaptive algorithms that estimate the parameters of a time-varying linear filter using a basis function approach. These algorithms are useful in situations calling for adaptive filters when the ideal filters vary at rates that cannot be considered slow, such as in the study of renal hemodynamics and for some mobile radio channels. Exponential convergence is established by extending a Lyapunov stability analysis for time-invariant adaptive IIR filters to the time-varying case.
Monte Carlo study of sub-band-gap impact ionization in small silicon field-effect transistors

The observation of impact ionization in small Si FETs at sub-band-gap source-to-drain bias is explained by the presence of high-energy tails in the electron energy distribution around the drain region. These tails are caused by the strong thermalizing effect of dynamically-screened electron-electron interactions. Under these bias conditions, a larger band-gap, enhanced dielectric screening, and reduced high-energy tails in the distribution function at the source cause a reduction of impact ionization at lower lattice temperatures.
Profitability of Product Bundling

Using copulas to model the stochastic dependence of values, this article establishes new general conditions for the profitability of product bundling. A multiproduct monopolist generally achieves higher profit from mixed bundling than from separate selling if consumer values for two of its products are negatively dependent, are independent, or have sufficiently limited positive dependence. The profitability of monopoly bundling also extends to situations where a multiproduct firm competes with a single-product rival.
African Easterly Jet: Barotropic Instability, Waves, and Cyclogenesis

This study investigates the structure of the African easterly jet, focusing on instability processes on a seasonal and subseasonal scale, with the goal of identifying features that could provide increased predictability of Atlantic tropical cyclogenesis. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) is used as the main investigating tool. MERRA is compared with other reanalyses datasets from major operational centers around the world and was found to describe very effectively the circulation over the African monsoon region. In particular, a comparison with precipitation datasets from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project shows that MERRA realistically reproduces seasonal precipitation over that region. The verification of the generalized Kuo barotropic instability condition computed from seasonal means is found to have the interesting property of defining well the location where observed tropical storms are detected. This property does not appear to be an artifact of MERRA and is present also in the other adopted reanalysis datasets. Therefore, the fact that the areas where the mean flow is unstable seems to provide a more favorable environment for wave intensification, could be another factor to include-in addition to sea surface temperature, vertical shear, precipitation, the role of Saharan air, and others-among large-scale forcings affecting development and tropical cyclone frequency. In addition, two prominent modes of variability are found based on a spectral analysis that uses the Hilbert-Huang transform: a 2.5-6-day mode that corresponds well to the African easterly waves and also a 6-9-day mode that seems to be associated with tropical- extratropical interaction.
miR-155 induced transcriptome changes in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line leads to enhanced mitogen activated protein kinase signaling.

A single microRNA (miRNA) has the potential to regulate thousands of genes and thus govern multiple signaling pathways at once. miR-155 is an oncogenic miRNA which regulates many cellular pathways, designating it as a multifaceted regulator of proliferation, chemo-resistance, and apoptosis. While many singular targeted effects of miR-155 have been defined and an oncogenic role has been attributed to miR-155 expression, the global effect of miR-155 on the cellular transcriptomes of an ER+ breast cancer cell line has yet to be determined. Here we demonstrate that miR-155 expression increases tumorigenesis in vivo and we determine miR-155 mediated transcriptome changes through next generation sequencing analysis. miR-155 expression alters many signaling pathways, with the chief altered pathway being the MAPK signaling cascade and miR-155 induces shortening of target mRNA 3′UTRs and alternative isoform expression of MAPK related genes. In addition there is an observed increase in protein phosphorylation of components of MAPK signaling including ERK1/2 and AP-1 complex members (Fra-1 and c-Fos) as well as elevated gene expression of MAPK regulated genes Zeb1, Snail, Plaur, and SerpinE1.
The Tandem Banyan Switching Fabric: a simple high-performance fast packet switch

A new space-division switch architecture based on Banyan interconnection networks, called the Tandem Banyan Switching Fabric, is introduced. It consists of placing Banyan networks in tandem, offering multiple paths from each input to each output, thus overcoming in a very simple way the effect of blocking encountered in Banyan networks and achieving output buffering. The simplicity of the architecture stems from the fact that it consists of several instances of only two chips, one implementing the Banyan network and the other implementing the output buffer function. >
Center stable matchings and centers of cover graphs of distributive lattices

Let I be an instance of the stable marriage (SM) problem. In the late 1990s, Teo and Sethuraman discovered the existence of median stable matchings, which are stable matchings that match all participants to their (lower/upper) median stable partner. About a decade later, Cheng showed that not only are they locally-fair, but they are also globally-fair in the following sense: when G(I) is the cover graph of the distributive lattice of stable matchings, these stable matchings are also medians of G(I) - i.e., their average distance to the other stable matchings is as small as possible. Unfortunately, finding a median stable matching of I is #P-hard. Inspired by the fairness properties of the median stable matchings, we study the center stable matchings which are the centers of G(I) - i.e., the stable matchings whose maximum distance to any stable matching is as small as possible. Here are our two main results. First, we show that a center stable matching of I can be computed in O(|I|2.5) time. Thus, center stable matchings are the first type of globally-fair stable matchings we know of that can be computed efficiently. Second, we show that in spite of the first result, there are similarities between the set of median stable matchings and the set of center stable matchings of I. The former induces a hypercube in G(I) while the latter is the union of hypercubes of a fixed dimension in G(I). Furthermore, center stable matchings have a property that approximates the one found by Teo and Sethuraman for median stable matchings. Finally, we note that our results extend to other variants of SM whose solutions form a distributive lattice and whose rotation posets can be constructed efficiently.
Web-based distribution of GIS metropolitan maps

Much research on spatial data retrieval has been accumulated in the past two decades. However, the research of Internet distribution of GIS contents is still in its infancy. This paper describes a systematic approach to optimize Internet distribution of GIS vector maps. The goal is to reduce user-perceived response time and improve viewers' navigation efficiency. At the center of this approach is a hierarchical content management model. Each multiple-layer vector map is divided into partitions, or blocks, of a predetermined size to build a hierarchy. This size is chosen so that most compressed blocks can be downloaded reasonably quickly at typical connection speeds. A front-end cache and a novel application-level locality-based pre-fetching method are devised. Experiments with a Java prototype have shown smooth panning and fast zooming when large map data sets are accessed.
Resolution Strategies for the Finite-Element-Based Solution of the ECG Inverse Problem

Successful employment of numerical techniques for the solution of forward and inverse ECG problems requires the ability to both quantify and minimize approximation errors introduced as part of the discretization process. Our objective is to develop discretization and refinement strategies involving hybrid-shaped finite elements so as to minimize approximation errors for the ECG inverse problem. We examine both the ill-posedness of the mathematical inverse problem and the ill-conditioning of the discretized system in order to propose strategies specifically designed for the ECG inverse problem. We demonstrate that previous discretization and approximation strategies may worsen the properties of the inverse problem approximation. We then demonstrate the efficacy of our strategies on both a simplified and a realistic 2-D torso model.
Visible‐Light Hypervalent Iodide Carboxylate Photo(trifluoro)methylations and Controlled Radical Polymerization of Fluorinated Alkenes

IFAB-ulous trifluoromethylation: (CX3COO)2I(III) h (X=F, H) and (CH3COO)3I(V)(C6H4COO) are introduced as CX3·/CX3I precursors for metal-free, visible-light, radical (trifluoro)(iodo)methylations of alkenes, illustrated by their use as photoinitiators for the controlled radical polymerization of vinylidene fluoride with external (I(CF2)6I) and in situ generated (CF3I) iodine chain transfer agents, and for block copolymer synthesis.
Both Ends of the Telescope: New Perspectives on FDR and American Entry into World War II

Review in this Article Michael Barnhart. Japan Prepares for Total War: The Search for Economic Security, 1919–1941. Ithaca Waldo H. Heinrichs. Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry into World War II. New York Oxford University Press, 1988. x + 279 pp. Akira Iriye. The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific. New York Longman, 1987. Frederick W. Marks III. Wind over Sand: The Diplomacy of Franklin Roosevelt. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988. xiv + 444 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. Jonathan G. Utley. Going to War with Japan, 1937–1941. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985. xiv + 238 pp. Maps, photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Frequency Doubling in a Triode Vacuum Tube Circuit

This paper gives a quantitative analysis of operating performance of a triode vacuum tube as a frequency doubler. With slight changes this analysis can be applied to tripling, quadrupling, etc. Three methods of attack have been outlined: theoretical analysis, graphical solution, and experimental results. The theoretical analysis furnishes a general solution to the problem, from which general conclusions as to the best operating conditions can be drawn. The graphical solution furnishes a simple method by which rapid calculations can be made for a particular case. The experimental results are valuable for comparison because they give the actual results of operation. The primary object of this work has been to investigate the conditions that will give maximum plate efficiency and consequently the most desirable operating conditions, also keeping in mind that power output and power amplification are important factors to consider in the practical application of the frequency doubler.
Cholinergic neuronal lesions in the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal bands of Broca induce contextual fear memory generalization and impair acquisition of fear extinction

Previous research has shown that the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and hippocampus (Hipp) are critical for extinction memory. Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic input to the vmPFC and Hipp is critical for neural function in these substrates, which suggests BF cholinergic neurons may be critical for extinction memory. In order to test this hypothesis, we applied cholinergic lesions to different regions of the BF and observed the effects these lesions had on extinction memory. Complete BF cholinergic lesions induced contextual fear memory generalization, and this generalized fear was resistant to extinction. Animals with complete BF cholinergic lesions could not acquire cued fear extinction. Restricted cholinergic lesions in the medial septum and vertical diagonal bands of Broca (MS/vDBB) mimicked the effects that BF cholinergic lesions had on contextual fear memory generalization and acquisition of fear extinction. Cholinergic lesions in the horizontal diagonal band of Broca and nucleus basalis (hDBB/NBM) induced a small deficit in extinction of generalized contextual fear memory with no accompanying deficits in cued fear extinction. The results of this study reveal that MS/vDBB cholinergic neurons are critical for inhibition and extinction of generalized contextual fear memory, and via this process, may be critical for acquisition of cued fear extinction. Further studies delineating neural circuits and mechanisms through which MS/vDBB cholinergic neurons facilitate these emotional memory processes are needed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gay and Lesbian Families in the Early Childhood Classroom: Evaluation of an Online Professional Development Course

Including families is an important theme in the early childhood classroom. Teachers, however, report feeling unprepared when a child’s family is composed of same-sex parents. Gay and lesbian families, in turn, feel invisible, silenced, and excluded. Overall, the topic is rarely covered in teacher education programs—in response, an online course on gay and lesbian families was developed. Teachers assessed the knowledge conveyed, comfort with the content, and helpfulness of the tools provided. The findings confirmed that most teachers had received no pre-service or professional development training on the topic. The majority wanted training that included tools for being inclusive and welcoming.
Executive Functions: Eye Movements and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Executive functions are cognitive processes that critically involve the frontal lobes and enable us to accomplish goals and make decisions in everyday life. The brain regions responsible for some executive functions (spatial attention and memory) overlap with brain regions necessary for eye movements. Eye movements can be more reflexive (automatic) or more voluntary (willful). Voluntary eye movements, especially, have become an important tool with which to measure different aspects of executive functions in many human disorders. They also have been critical in differentiating subtypes and evaluating medication or treatment efficacy in clinical populations.
Striving Toward Noble-Metal-Free Photocatalytic Water Splitting: The Hydrogenated-Graphene–TiO2 Prototype

Graphane, graphone, and hydrogenated graphene (HG) have been extensively studied in recent years due to their interesting properties and potential use in commercial and industrial applications. The present study reports investigation of hydrogenated graphene/TiO2–x (HGT) nanocomposites as photocatalysts for H2 and O2 production from water without the assistance of a noble metal cocatalyst. By combination of several techniques, the morphologies, bulk/atomic structure, and electronic properties of all the powders were exhaustively interrogated. Hydrogenation treatment efficiently reduces TiO2 nanoparticles, while the graphene oxide sheets undergo the topotactic transformation from a graphene-like structure to a mixture of graphitic and turbostratic carbon (amorphous/disordered) upon altering the calcination atmosphere from a mildly reducing to a H2-abundant environment. Remarkably, the hydrogenated graphene–TiO2–x composite that results upon H2-rich reduction exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution...
Mutation of murine Sox4 untranslated regions results in partially penetrant perinatal lethality.

Abstract . Background: Sox4 is an essential gene, andgenetic deletion results in embryonic lethality. In an effort todevelop mice with tissue-specific deletion, we bredconditional knockout mice bearing LoxP recombination sitesflanking the Sox4 gene, with the LoxP sites located in theSox4 5 ’ UTR and 3 ’ UTR. Results: The number of micehomozygous for this LoxP-flanked conditional knockoutallele was far below the expected number, suggestingembryonic lethality with reduced penetrance. From over 200animals bred, only 11% were homozygous Sox4 flox /flox mice,compared to the expected Mendelian ratio of 25% (p<0.001).Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the number offemale Sox4 flox/flox mice (26%) relative to male Sox4 flox/flox mice (p=0.0371). Reduced Sox4 expression in homozygousembryos was confirmed by in-situ hybridization andQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR).Conclusion: LoxP sites in the 5 ’ and 3 ’ UTR of both allelesof Sox4 resulted in reduced, but variable expression of Sox4message.
30 NOVEL REGULATION OF LIPID SYNTHESIS: THE SPOT 14 PROTEIN CONTROLS FATTY ACID SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.

Spot 14 (S14) is a 17 kD protein located in tissues that synthesize fatty acids. In the lactating mammary glands of S14 null mice there is significantly reduced triglyceride content due to a 70% reduction in lipogenesis with a 90% reduction in medium-chain fatty acids. However, the site and role of the S14 protein in the regulation of lipid synthesis remains unknown. We observed no difference in gene expression or in vitro activity of all tested lipogenic enzymes in wild-type vs null mice. A sensitive recycling assay measuring mammary gland malonyl-CoA revealed that malonyl-CoA is significantly increased in S14 null mice vs wild type (7.19 ± 0.68 vs 5.44 ± 0.43 nmol/g, p
Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools in Baiyin District of Baiyin City from 2008 to 2012

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools in Baiyin District of Baiyin City, and to provide decision bases for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The database of direct network report in Baiyin District of Baiyin City from 2008 to 2012 was downloaded through Disease Surveillance Data Report and Management System, all statistical analysis was performed using the description method and Excel 2003, Spss 13.0. Results From 2008 to 2012, 2 224 cases of 15 kinds of notifiable diseases were reported in schools in Baiyin District of Baiyin City, accounted for 23.59% of all the cases in total population with the average annual incidence rate of 8.87‰. The proportion of respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious diseases was high in each year, with the top 5 incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease(737 cases), rubella(540 cases), mumps(170 cases), influenza H1N1(158 cases) and influenza(133 cases), mainly focused in spring(March to May) and autumn(September to November). Totally 20 outbreaks of infectious diseases were reported in schools in Baiyin District, accounting for 83.33% of all the outbreaks and public health emergencies, the main was respiratory infectious diseases. Conclusions The schools should strengthen prevention and control of infectious diseases, to focus on respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious diseases, by taking comprehensive prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases.
Peirce's influence on today's mathematical logic.

Abstract: Mathematical logic has two aspects: the syntactic aspect (which, for convenience, we can regard as including the deductive aspect) and the semantic aspect. Peirce’s main influence on today’s mathematical logic lies in his role in the development of first-order logic. Whereas the syntactic aspect of today’s mathematical logic comes to us from Frege, the semantic aspect can, in a reasonable sense, be traced back to Peirce. Cybernetics & Human Knowing, Vol.8, no.1–2, 2001, pp. 69–78