cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The quest for an absolute chronology in human prehistory: anthropologists, chemists and the fluorine dating method in palaeoanthropology.

By the early twentieth century there was a growing need within palaeoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology to find a way of dating fossils and artefacts in order to know the age of specific specimens, but more importantly to establish an absolute chronology for human prehistory. The radiocarbon and potassium-argon dating methods revolutionized palaeoanthropology during the last half of the twentieth century. However, prior to the invention of these methods there were attempts to devise chemical means of dating fossil bone. Collaborations between Emile Riviere and Adolphe Carnot in the 1890s led to the development of the fluorine dating method, but it was not until the 1940s that this method was improved and widely implemented by Kenneth Oakley to resolve a number of problems in palaeoanthropology, including the Piltdown Man controversy. The invention of the fluorine dating method marked a significant advance in the quest for absolute dating in palaeoanthropology, but it also highlights interesting problems and issues relating to the ability of palaeoanthropologists and chemists to bring together different skills and bodies of knowledge in order successfully to develop and apply the fluorine dating method.
WebWise: Guide to the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center’s Web Site

The Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM) Home page (http://gc.bcm.tmc.edu: 8088/home.html) presents a very straightforward organization. There are four stylized buttons linking to sequence data, analysis, and tools pages followed by stylized buttons linking to more general information such as the Genome Sequencing Center Personnel, BCM Departments, Computer Help, and Information about Houston (including maps). The Genome Center Computer Help page appears to be primarily for internal BCM use as it includes some information targeted toward people having a BCM account. The Genome Sequencing Center Personnel page is useful if you need contact information (http://kiwi.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu:8088/ personnel.html). This page lists the names, titles, e-mail addresses, and phone numbers of the Center’s personnel from the Director, Dr. Richard Gibbs, on down. The Usage Statistics link located at the bottom of the Home page brings you to a page that should have current usage statistics but has not been updated in a long time. Data
Surveillance of respiratory viral infections among pediatric outpatients in northern Taiwan

Abstract Background: Viruses are a frequent cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children. Like Taiwan, there were few virological surveillance systems for respiratory viral infections among children in developing countries. Materials and methods: During August 1995 and July 1997, 6–10 throat swab specimens per week were taken from pediatric outpatients with acute, febrile upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). The specimens were randomly obtained by two pediatricians at Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and sent for virus isolation and identification. Results: A total of 910 specimens were collected and 365 specimens (40%) were positive for at least 1 virus and included 81 enterovirus, 73 adenovirus, 58 influenza B virus, 54 influenza A virus, 48 cytomegalovirus (CMV), 25 herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), 7 parainfluenza virus, 3 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 16 mixed viruses. Adenovirus and enterovirus were identified throughout the study period. No seasonal variation was noted for adenovirus while enterovirus peaked between May and July and also during September and November. Influenza viruses, both A and B, were identified during two periods, respectively and altogether, influenza viruses could be detected almost throughout the year. An association between the virus type identified and the mean age of patients was found ( P -value = 0.0001 by ANOVA test). The mean age of patients infected with influenza viruses, either A or B, was significantly higher than those of patients infected with adenovirus, HSV-1, CMV and enterovirus. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that adenovirus and enterovirus are the two most common viruses isolated from pediatric outpatients with acute, febrile URTIs and can be identified throughout the year in northern Taiwan. Influenza viruses also can be identified throughout the year and during the epidemic, a child older than 5 years of age with acute febrile URTI is likely to be a case of influenza.
Boundary Integral Equation for Eddy-Current Problems with Dirichlet Boundary Condition

A boundary integral equation (BIE) is developed for the eddy-current (EC) problems with Dirichlet boundary condition by considering the difference between the field without cracks and the one with cracks. Once the field and its normal derivative are given for the structure in the absence of cracks, normal derivative of the scattered field on the surface can be calculated by solving this integral equation numerically. For infinite-domain problems, this equation is more efficient than the conventional BIE due to a smaller computational region needed. Four kinds of two-dimensional EC problems have been solved using this integral equation. The surface impedance for different cases is presented in this paper. Numerical results are compared with analytical solutions and published numerical results. There are good agreements between them. Also, this concept can be extended to three-dimensional problems with other boundary conditions.
ON MARKOV CHAINS AND THE SPECTRA OF THE CORRESPONDING FROBENIUS–PERRON OPERATORS

The paper presents some notes on the theoretical background of recent computational approaches to identify the dynamical behavior of Markov chains by solving an eigenvalue problem of the Frobenius–Perron operator. We show that for each subset of its peripheral spectrum, the corresponding generalized eigenspace and the geometric eigenspace coincide. Furthermore, the peripheral spectrum forms a cyclic set. The elements of this set stand in a one-to-one relationship to cyclic and invariant behavior of the underlying stochastic process. If the dynamics of the chain is perturbed continuously, invariant sets of the unperturbed chain possibly merge and become almost invariant. We give a precise continuity condition under which the merging of two invariant sets and the appearance of almost invariant sets can be observed and follow how the corresponding eigenmeasure leaves the eigenspace associated to 1. Finally, as an example we present the appearance of almost invariance for a Markov chain on a compact interval.
Drawing Graphs, Scheduling, Partitioning, and Path Planning

As stated in the Introduction, it seems that most researchers “modified” their implementations of genetic algorithms either by using non-standard chromosome representation or by designing problem-specific genetic operators (e.g., [104], [294], [48], [56], etc.) to accommodate the problem to be solved, thus building efficient evolution programs. The first two modifications were discussed in detail in the previous two chapters (Chapters 9 and 10) for the transportation problem and the traveling salesman problem, respectively. In this chapter, we have made a somewhat arbitrary selection of a few other evolution programs developed by the author and other researchers, which are based on non-standard chromosome representation and/or problem-specific knowledge operators. We present systems for the graph drawing problem (Section 11.1), scheduling problems (Section 11.2), the timetable problem (Section 11.3), and partitioning problems (Section 11.4). The chapter concludes with a section on path planning problem in mobile robot environment (Section 11.5). The described systems and the results of their applications provide an additional argument to support the evolution programming approach, which promotes creation of data structures together with operators for a particular class of problems.
Drug Safety and the Cost of Monitoring: The Role of REMS in Risk Management

The mission of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can be viewed as a pendulum that swings between protecting public health and patient safety and promoting the public health through the drug review and approval process. Two decades of legislation have by and large provided the FDA with additional resources under the successive reauthorizations of the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) to provide a necessary infusion of funds to hire medical experts, scientists, and epidemiologists, among other disciplines, to expedite review of new drug and biologic applications. However, a renewed attention to potential adverse drug experiences, culminating in the Vioxx withdrawal, has resulted in the passage of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA). Under this act, the FDA was authorized to impose postapproval requirements on the biopharmaceutical industry through the imposition of risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) and postmarketing trial (PMT) requirements to improve drug safety. Despite the extensive dialogue between stakeholders and lawmakers in the development of the FDAAA, there remains some uncertainty as to the exact impact of REMS on not only operational costs for both industry and health care professionals but also product sales and prescribing habits in the 5 years since its implementation. Recognizing that in the past 2 years, the use of REMS has shifted markedly, we sought to provide greater clarity on the duration of REMS requirements and impact of REMS on drug sales. Results: While in absolute terms, the use of REMS may be declining, the REMS experience has provided an important, perhaps even critical, step in the development of current risk management strategies aimed at improving patient safety.
Moving Target Detection Using Distributed MIMO Radar in Clutter With Nonhomogeneous Power

In this paper, we consider moving target detection using a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar on stationary platforms in nonhomogeneous clutter environments. Our study is motivated by the fact that the multistatic transmit-receive configuration in a distributed MIMO radar causes nonstationary clutter. Specifically, the clutter power for the same test cell may vary significantly from one transmit-receive pair to another, due to azimuth-selective backscattering of the clutter. To account for these issues, a new nonhomogeneous clutter model, where the clutter resides in a low-rank subspace with different subspace coefficients (and hence different clutter power) for different transmit-receive pair, is introduced and the relation to a general clutter model is discussed. Following the proposed clutter model, we develop a generalized-likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for moving target detection in distributed MIMO radar. The GLRT is shown to be a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, and the test statistic is a central and noncentral Beta variable under the null and alternative hypotheses, respectively. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed GLRT in comparison with several existing techniques.
A Review of Efficacious Technology-Based Weight-Loss Interventions: Five Key Components

Abstract Objective: Obesity is highly prevalent among American adults and has negative health and psychosocial consequences. The purpose of this article was to qualitatively review studies that use...
Forest edges and fire ants alter the seed shadow of an ant-dispersed plant

Exotic species invade fragmented, edge-rich habitats readily, yet the distinct impacts of habitat edges and invaders on native biota are rarely distinguished. Both appear detrimental to ant-dispersed plants such as blood- root, Sanguinaria canadensis. Working in northeastern Georgia (USA), an area characterized by a rich ant- dispersed flora, fragmented forests, and invasions by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta , I monitored the interactions between ants and S. canadensis seeds in uninvaded forest interiors, uninvaded forest edges, invaded forest interiors, and invaded forest edges. I observed 95% of the seed dispersal events that occurred within the 60-min observation intervals. Seed collection rates were similar among all four (habitat × invasion) groups. The presence of invasive ants had a strong effect on seed dispersal distance: S. invicta collected most seeds in invaded sites, but was a poorer disperser than four of five native ant taxa. Habitat type (interior versus edge) had no effect on seed dispersal distance, but it had a strong effect on seed dispersal direction. Dispersal towards the edge was disproportionately rare in uninvaded forest edges, and ants in those habitats moved the average dispersed seed approximately 70 cm away from that edge. Dispersal direction was also skewed away from the edge in uninvaded forest interiors and invaded forest edges, albeit non-significantly. This biased dispersal may help explain the rarity of myrmecochorous plants in younger forests and edges, and their poor ability to disperse between fragments. This is the first demonstration that forest edges and S. invicta invasion influence seed dispersal destination and distance, respectively. These forces act independently.
Early outcomes of empiric embolization of tumor-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with advanced malignancy.

ABSTRACT Purpose To report short-term results of empiric transcatheter embolization for patients with advanced malignancy and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage directly from a tumor invading the GI tract wall. Materials and Methods Between 2005 and 2011, 37 mesenteric angiograms were obtained in 26 patients with advanced malignancy (20 men, six women; mean age, 56.2 y) with endoscopically confirmed symptomatic GI hemorrhage from a tumor invading the GI tract wall. Angiographic findings and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical success was defined as absence of signs and symptoms of hemorrhage for at least 30 day following embolization. Results Active extravasation was demonstrated in three cases. Angiographic abnormalities related to a GI tract tumor were identified on 35 of 37 angiograms, including tumor neovascularity (n=21), tumor enhancement (n=24), and luminal irregularity (n=5). In the absence of active extravasation, empiric embolization with particles and/or coils was performed in 25 procedures. Cessation of hemorrhage (ie, clinical success) occurred more frequently when empiric embolization was performed (17 of 25 procedures; 68%) than when embolization was not performed (two of nine; 22%; P =.03). Empiric embolization resulted in clinical success in 10 of 11 patients with acute GI bleeding (91%), compared with seven of 14 patients (50%) with chronic GI bleeding ( P =.04). No ischemic complications were encountered. Conclusions In patients with advanced malignancy, in the absence of active extravasation, empiric transcatheter arterial embolization for treatment of GI hemorrhage from a direct tumor source demonstrated a 68% short-term success rate, without any ischemic complications.
The Perceived Fairness of Taxing Social Security Benefits: The Effect of Explanations Based on Different Dimensions of Tax Equity

In this study, we construct explanations for the taxation of social security benefits based on previously identified dimensions of fairness (exchange, horizontal, and vertical equity). We then conduct an experiment to examine whether providing senior citizen taxpayers with explanations increases the perceived fairness of taxing social security. The results indicate that for those subjects with the greatest self‐interest (subjects currently taxed on a portion of their social security benefits), the exchange equity explanation had the most consistent positive effects on both acceptance of the explanation and on the perceived fairness of taxing social security benefits. On the other hand, for those subjects not currently taxed on their social security benefits, the vertical equity explanation was more likely to be accepted than either the exchange or horizontal equity explanation. However, while these subjects agreed with the vertical equity explanation, it did not increase their fairness perceptions. These ...
Immigration and National Security: The Illusion of Safety Through Local Law Enforcement Action

Despite efforts to reform immigration law in the 1980s and the 1990s, the new laws passed in those decades by the Congress did not solve the long-term problems raised by undocumented people entering the United States. The issue arose anew after the terrorist attacks of September, 2001. While the advocates for immigration crackdowns in the 1980s and 1990s had cast the issue as one of economics and cultural transformation, immigration opponents after 9/11 painted a different picture: illegal immigration, they said, was a national security issue. If poor farmers from Mexico and Central America could sneak into the U.S. across the southwestern border, so could potential terrorists. This "re-branding" of illegal immigration gained significant traction on the national level, but resulted in no federal legislation. The immigration debate has now moved to the state level, with the focus on state laws such as Arizona's SB 1070. These state laws have brought about something long sought by immigration opponents that they failed to attain in the national debates: local and state law enforcement agencies are now obligated to question people they stop about immigration status. While national security has not been the primary motivation of state lawmakers, the ironic result of these state laws will be a decrease in security against terrorists who might try to penetrate the land borders of the U.S.
AIREing out the gut

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an autosomal recessive disorder that results from loss of function mutations in the autoimmune regulator ( AIRE ) gene. AIRE is involved in immune tolerance, and its loss prevents elimination of self-reactive T cells. Individuals with APECED have myriad symptoms related to immune dysfunction, but it’s unclear why they also suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms such as malabsorption, constipation, and diarrhea. Now, Dobes and colleagues show that autoimmunity meets innate immunity via the α-defensins, antimicrobial peptides secreted in the gut. In humans, paneth cells (PC) live at the base of the small intestine crypts and secrete α-defensins, which support stem cells maintenance at the base of the crypts. Serum from APECED patients displays seroreactivity against the α-defensin–containing secretory granules in PCs, raising the possibility that enteric defensins are targets in this autoimmune condition. Indeed, disruption of PC function can manifest gastrointestinal maladies. Dobes and colleagues demonstrated that α-defensins are expressed in normal human thymus but are absent from APECED patients, and that in affected individuals, α-defensin–producing PCs are reduced in or absent from the small intestine. After Aire–/– mice—a model for APECED—were injected with cryptidin (a mouse homolog of human α-defensin), CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes induced apoptosis of PCs in vitro. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from cryptidin-immunized Aire–/– mice to athymic mice resulted in a significant decrease in PCs. Because defensins regulate the character of the gut microbiota, the authors inspected the gut microbial ecosystem in Aire–/– mice and detected an abnormal enrichment of filamentous bacteria. These elegant human and rodent experiments by Dobes and colleagues relate the essential role of AIRE in central immune tolerance to enteric α-defensins and a mechanism of PC disruption that might explain, at least in part, the clinical manifestations of this genetic disorder. J. Dobes et al ., Gastrointestinal autoimmunity associated with loss of central tolerance to enteric α-defensins. Gastroenterology 149 , 139–150 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(15)00681-2/abstract
Simulation of adsorption of liquid mixtures of N 2 and O 2 in a model faujasite cavity at 77.5 K

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of adsorption of N2 and O2 and their mixtures in a model zeolitic cavity 14 A in diameter were performed at 77.5 K for pressures ranging from zero up to saturation, where the adsorbed phase is in equilibrium with coexisting vapor and liquid phases. The same intermolecular potential functions were employed for gas-gas interactions in the vapor, liquid, and adsorbed phases. The gas-solid interaction potential includes dispersion-repulsion energy, induced electrostatic energy, and an ion-quadrupole term to model the interaction of the electric field in zeolites like NaX with polar molecules like N2. The simulation of the coexisting vapor and liquid phases reproduces the saturation properties of pure liquid oxygen and nitrogen at 77.5 K. Activity coefficients in the adsorbed phase derived from simulations as a function of cavity filling and composition show negative deviations from Raoult's law, even though the non-idealities in the bulk liquid phase have the opposite sign. The simulation of the surface excess isotherm for adsorption from liquid mixtures exhibits preferential adsorption of N2 and has the commonly-observed quadratic shape skewed toward the more strongly adsorbed component. Micropore condensation is observed for oxygen but not for nitrogen. The condensation of oxygen is similar to a first order phase transition but because of the small number of molecules that can fit into a micropore, coexistence of the two phases is replaced by oscillations between gas- and liquid-like densities.
A Low-Cost System for Wind Field Estimation Through Sensor Networks and Aircraft Design

Multi-hole probes have been used on small aircraft for accurate wind measurements. However, these probes have three main issues associated with them: 1) they are relatively bulky, 2) they are relatively expensive (compared to the cost of the airframe that might carry them) and 3) they need to be placed in the free stream with minimal influence from the airframe. An alternative pressure-measurement-based solution is proposed that uses low-cost pressure sensors located on the airframe at locations most sensitive to the angular orientation, relative to the cruise attitude. The RECUV Eagle Owl UAS airframe is used as a demonstration platform. CFD results are presented to illustrate the process for determining surface locations for a prescribed number of pressure sensors corresponding to the highest sensitivity in estimating angle of attack and side slip. An update is provided on the assembly of a wind tunnel model to be used for calibration prior to test flights.
Gas Retention in Multilayer Alternate Ablator Capsules

The fabrication of three multilayer Omega-scale capsule designs with combinations of materials such as beryllium, silicon, tungsten, and copper were evaluated as part of the fabrication and deliver...
Effects of diet composition on weight loss, metabolic factors and biomarkers in a 1-year weight loss intervention in obese women examined by baseline insulin resistance status.

Abstract Background Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer incidence and premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality, which may be explained by several metabolic and hormonal factors (sex hormones, insulin resistance, and inflammation) that are biologically related. Differential effects of dietary composition on weight loss and these metabolic factors may occur in insulin-sensitive vs. insulin-resistant obese women. Objective To examine the effect of diet composition on weight loss and metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory factors in overweight/obese women stratified by insulin resistance status in a 1-year weight loss intervention. Methods and Results Nondiabetic women who were overweight/obese (n = 245) were randomly assigned to a lower fat (20% energy), higher carbohydrate (65% energy) diet; a lower carbohydrate (45% energy), higher fat (35% energy) diet; or a walnut-rich (18% energy), higher fat (35% energy), lower carbohydrate (45% energy) diet. All groups lost weight at follow-up (P Conclusions Findings provide some support for differential effects of diet composition on weight loss depending on insulin resistance status. Prescribing walnuts is associated with weight loss comparable to a standard lower fat diet in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Weight loss itself may be the most critical factor for reducing the chronic inflammation associated with increased breast cancer risk and progression.
Giant endocervical polyp: A mimic of mullerian adenosarcoma. A case report with follow-up

Abstract A perimenopausal woman presented with a single recent episode of heavy vaginal bleeding and low hemoglobin level. She has been, however, spotting off and on for the last several years. On examination an ulcerated polypoid lesion was identified protruding through the external os. The lesion raised a clinical suspicion of an adenosarcoma in this perimenopausal patient. The current report describes this rare entity, documents the gross and microscopic features which may mimic adenosarcoma of the mullerian system.
A Symposium Introduction: Filling the Hollow State: Capacity-Building Within the Nonprofit Sector

T he issue of nonprofit management education has never been more timely for individuals interested in the theory and practice of public administration. Privatization of government work, a trend that dates back to the Reagan and Bush administrations, has resulted in the hollow state, the "increasing separation of government from its output, and the increasing role of nonprofit organizations in the delivery of public services" (Milward, 1994, p. 73). As nonprofit staff assume a more prominent role in the production of government-financed programs, issues surrounding the educational preparation of these individuals makes this an appropriate topic for those concerned with the performance of public programs. In his examination of the scope of the nonprofit sector, Lester Salamon has found that government support of nonprofit organizations is extensive, providing a larger portion of resources to the sector than private giving. The most recent data show that 36% of the income in nonprofit organizations came from government, whereas 54% was derived from fees and 10% from private giving (Salamon, 1999, p. 36). However, this does not tell the whole story, for in certain instances (such as community development and civic organizations) government funds clearly dominate, representing 51 % of the income for these organizations. In fact, Salamon (1999) maintains that the level of nonprofit expenditures on selected social welfare functions outdistances "the levels of either federal government or state and local government expenditures on these same services" (p. 54). It is clear that in the hollow state, government has chosen to share its responsibility for service delivery with nonprofit organizations. As a result, public services in the community are jointly produced, requiring increased levels of collaboration and cooperation among workers in these sectors. A central task of the hollow state "is to arrange networks rather than to carry out the traditional task of government, which is to manage hierarchies" (Milward & Provan, 2000, p. 361). The incredible interpenetration of
Same-day surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence: Assessing satisfaction and morbidity

Abstract Introduction With vaginal hysterectomies and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgeries reclassified as outpatient surgeries in 2014, protocols had to be developed to minimize complications. Material and methods This was a prospective cohort of women undergoing same-day vaginal POP and urinary incontinence (UI) surgery. Primary aim was to assess patient satisfaction using a 10-point Likert scale (1=not satisfied, 10=very satisfied). Subjects completed the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire prior to surgery, 48 hours postoperatively, and at 6-weeks. Results Sixty-one women were enrolled. Average operating time was 88.7±41.3 minutes. Almost all patients (95.1%) were discharged the same day. Three patients (4.9%) stayed overnight for conversion to a laparotomy, pain control, and leg neuropathy. Patient satisfaction was 9.3±1.6 and 9.4±1 at 48 hours and at 6-weeks, respectively. There was a difference in the postoperative QoR-15 score from baseline to 48 hours 137.2±12.4 vs. 127.1±22.1 (p=0042), but no difference at 6-weeks compared to baseline (p=0.3578). Complications up to 6-weeks postoperatively included emergency room presentation (4.9%), hematoma (3.3%), re-admission (3.3%), and urinary tract infection (1.6%). Conclusion Same-day vaginal surgeries are well tolerated with minimal complications and high satisfaction. Our outpatient surgery protocol can be used as a management option for outpatient gynecologic surgeries.
Engineering temporal-mode-selective frequency conversion in nonlinear optical waveguides: from theory to experiment

Quantum frequency conversion (FC) in nonlinear optical media is a powerful tool for temporal-mode selective manipulation of light. Recent attempts at achieving high mode selectivities and/or fidelities have had to resort to multi-dimensional optimization schemes to determine the system’s natural Schmidt modes. Certain combinations of relative-group velocities between the relevant frequency bands, medium length, and temporal pulse widths have been known to achieve good selectivities (exceeding 80%) for temporal modes that are nearly identical to pump pulse shapes, even for high conversion efficiencies. Working in this parameter regime using an off-the-shelf, second-harmonic generation, MgO:PPLN waveguide, and with pulses on the order of 500 fs at wavelengths around 800 nm, we verify experimentally that model-predicted Schmidt modes provide the high temporal-mode selectivity expected. The good agreement between experiment and theory paves the way to the implementation of a proposed two-stage FC scheme that is predicted by the present theory to reach near-perfect (100%) selectivity.
K-12 Technology Accessibility: The Message from State Governments.

This study examined state education technology plans and technology accessibility statutes to attempt to answer the question—is K–12 instructional technology accessibility discussed in state-level ...
University scientism and American economic interests

This article outlines the evolution of the relationship between the emergence of large-scale finance and industry in the American Gilded Age and Progressive eras and the shaping and funding of univ...
Wind Energy Facilities and Residential Properties: The Effect of Proximity and View on Sales Prices

This paper received a manuscript prize award for the best research paper on Sustainable Real Estate (sponsored by the NAIOP Research Foundation) presented at the 2010 ARES Annual Meeting.Increasing...
Creative Teaching For Dance Technique

The major purpose of this study is to discuss the development of a methodology in teaching dance technique. The methodology is designed to stimulate creativity and improve technical development. The specific purpose of this study is threefold: 1) To formulate a creativity model for teaching dance technique 2) To evaluate the model relative to designed criteria and 3) To present the educational values resulting from the methodology used. The creativity model is a series of hypothetical lesson sequences each based on a fundamental locomotor movement. The lessons are specifically written for college age individuals with minimal movement backgrounds, but can be adapted to all age groups. The evaluating devices are creativity criteria developed from research in three main areas: Dance, Education and Creativity and the Creative Process.
Clinical epidemiology of infectious disease among patients with chronic kidney disease

Infectious disease is recognized as an important complication among patients with end-stage renal disease, contributing to excess morbidity and health care costs. However, recent epidemiological studies have revealed that even mild to moderate stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially increase risk of infection. Regarding underlying mechanisms, evidence suggests various aspects of altered immune response in patients with CKD including impaired function of T cells, B cells and neutrophil. Multiple conditions surrounding CKD, such as older age, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are important contributors in the increased susceptibility to infection in this population. In addition, several mechanisms impairing immune function have been hypothesized including accumulated uremic toxins, increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, and mineral and bone disorders. In terms of prevention strategies, influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are most feasible and important. Nevertheless, the extent of vaccine utilization in CKD has not been well documented. In addition, antibody response to vaccination may be reduced in CKD patients, and thus a vaccine delivery strategy (e.g., dose and frequency) may need to be optimized among patients with CKD. Through this review, we demonstrate that infection is a major but underrecognized complication of CKD. As CKD is recognized as a serious public health issue, dedicated research is needed to better characterize the burden of infectious disease associated with CKD, understand the pathophysiology of infection in patients with CKD, and develop effective strategies to prevent infection and its sequela in this high risk population.
Promoting patient comprehension of relevant health information

Patient understanding of health care recommendations provided by health care professionals is essential to enabling active and informed patient participation in care. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that patients often seriously misunderstand relevant health information provided to them, leading to errant patient decisions about their care. This commentary examines key communication factors that influence patient understanding and argues for a comprehensive approach to assessing and promoting patient comprehension.
The face tells all: Testing the impact of physical attractiveness and social media information of spokesperson on message effectiveness during a crisis

This paper empirically examines the effects of organizational spokesperson's physical attractiveness and their social cues usage on message effectiveness. A 2 (physical attractiveness of spokesperson) × 2 (social cues) × 2 (crisis response strategy) mixed subject design was tested. The results show that spokespeople with high physical attractiveness as communicating more credible messages, being more expert sources, and as being more persuasive. Also, social cues of spokespeople have an influence on the participants’ perceived credibility and expertise while the interaction effects suggest that the effects of social cue override the effects of physical attractiveness. This indicates that crisis communication practitioners can use social cues to boost persuasiveness and/or message credibility of less attractive spokespeople. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Cardiac ablation technologies

Abstract Since 1985, radiofrequency (RF) technology has grown to become the predominant energy source for performing cardiac ablations of various atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Although the therapeutic advantages of RF have become widely appreciated, it has been somewhat limited by: (1) thrombo-embolization, (2) inability to reach deep tissue, (3) inadvertent collateral damage to surrounding vascular and electrical structures, and/or (4) inability to assess the electrophysiologic effects prior to induced permanent local tissue damage. Alternative energy sources have been developed to meet the needs for more effective and targeted ablation. Today, cryoablation is the second most common energy source that has received extensive clinical testing and use. Additional energy sources capable of a more volumetric ablation are emerging including high-intensity focused ultrasound energy, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation energy, and microwave energy. This chapter reviews the associated biophysics, available systems, and clinical utility of each of the energy sources currently available for cardiac ablation therapies.
Looking Far And Looking Near: Student Insights On History, Language, And Power

ABSTRACTThree community college students participated in a collaborative student/professor research project to experiment with new ideas in teaching. Under the direction of the instructor, the stud...
Figure the impact of steel microstructure and heat treatment on the formation of white etching cracks

Abstract White etching crack (WECs) associated macro-pitting is a dominant mode of damage within wind turbine gearbox bearings. This damage is characterized by broadly branching crack networks surrounded by local regions of microstructural alterations. The definitive cause of WECs in the field is unknown; therefore, the implementation of effective mitigation techniques has proven difficult. The current work utilized an accelerated benchtop testing technique in order to quantify differences in performance between through-hardened AISI 52100 steel and carburized AISI 3310 steel. It was found that the carburized AISI 3310 steel demonstrated a more than twofold increase in the time elapsed until WEC macro-pitting damage occurred compared to the through-hardened AISI 52100 steel samples.
Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Atraumatic Lateral Epicondylitis and Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain

Background Ulnar-sided wrist pain (UWP) and lateral epicondylitis (LE) are common disorders that can be difficult to treat. Depression and anxiety have been shown to modify patient symptoms, disability and pain. Questions/Purposes The purpose of our study was to quantify the prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with LE or UWP. A secondary aim was to determine if these patients report higher levels of pain upon presentation and if they are more likely to require occupational therapy. Patients and Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted, and patients included those with LE or UWP, atraumatic in origin, ages 18 and over, and ongoing use of noninvasive treatment of LE or UWP. Results Our final analysis included 97 patients of which 57 had LE, 34 had UWP, and 6 had both. The prevalence of a mood disorder was 34.0%. Anxiety and/or depression was more prevalent in patients with LE compared to UWP. The most common medication was alprazolam. Pain scores averaged 1.2 points higher in subjects with a history of a mental health disorder. After adjusting for age and sex, there was no significant association between prevalence of depression and/or anxiety and utilization of physical or occupational therapy. Conclusions Patients with either LE, UWP or both along with depression and/or anxiety may be less likely to improve with traditional treatments. Future investigations are warranted focusing on the value of a multidisciplinary team consisting of a hand surgeon, behavioral therapist, or psychologist to optimize treatment response. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, case series study.
Cinematic rendering enhancements to virtual bronchoscopy: assessment of emergent tracheal pathology

Utilizing complex lighting models, cinematic rendering is a novel technique for demonstrating computed tomography data with exquisite 3D anatomic detail. The tracheal lumen, tracheal wall, and adjacent soft tissue structures are represented with photorealistic detail exceeding that of conventional volume rendering or virtual bronchoscopy techniques. We applied cinematic rendering to a spectrum of emergent tracheal pathologies: traumatic tracheal tears, tracheoesophageal fistulas, tracheal foreign bodies, tracheal stenosis (intrinsic and extrinsic causes), tracheal neoplasms, and tracheomalacia. Cinematic rendering images enable visually accessible evaluation and comprehensive understanding of acute tracheal pathology, which is likely to be of value to both interventional pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons who are determining patient treatment plans.
Analyzing the effects of cyberattacks on distribution system state estimation

Key components of power systems—such as energy management systems, automatic generation control, and state estimation—are under serious vulnerability from cyberattacks. Cyber threats in electric grids have increased significantly because of the increased interconnectivity of supervisory control and data acquisition systems and public network infrastructure. As the penetration level of distributed energy resources increases, it is imperative to employ system-monitoring techniques such as state estimation for the reliable operation of distribution systems. Recently, multiple methods have been developed that exploit the low rank property of distribution system state matrix and are robust to bad data, such as matrix completion. This paper analyzes the impact of various realistic cyberattack scenarios on matrix completion. Realistic cyberattack scenarios are converted into data corruption models that are used in an extensive simulation of a custom IEEE 123-bus system.
INFLUENCE OF MnO ON REDUCTION OF TiO_2 IN Ti-CONTAINING SLAG OF BLAST FURNACE TYPE

Studies were carried out of the formation of Ti(C,N) during smelting V- bearing titanomagnetite in blast furnace and the influence of MnO content on reduction of TiO_2 in the high titania containing slag. The reduction of TiO_2 is restricted by MnO predominantly at the slag/metal interface and no more at the slag/coke one. Both the MnO content about 4% and the basicity from 0.6 to 1.2 in slag may re- markably restrict the formation of Ti(C,N). MnO may also retard the reduction of SiO_2 and accelerate the desulphidation under certain condition.
Detrimental Effects of Reporting the Uncertainty in Managerial Accounting Data

This study examines the effects on decision making of reporting the uncertainty associated with managerial accounting information. Specifically, it describes scenarios in which reporting the uncertainty inherent in managerial accounting data can negatively impact decisions. My predictions that providing uncertainty reporting will induce certain dysfunctional prospect theory behaviors are generally supported. Decision makers provided with uncertainty reporting more often forgo gain‐probable opportunities and more often pursue loss‐probable opportunities, as compared to decision makers not provided with uncertainty reporting. And this results generally in reduced performance. These effects of uncertainty reporting do not seem to change much with repeated decision iterations. These results have practical implications, as organizations might consider when to include (or not include) uncertainty reporting, and also contributes to a growing literature on addressing uncertainty in accounting.
Knowledge about juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: more frequent reminders are associated with higher patient and family uveitis knowledge.

Chronic anterior uveitis is a sight-threatening complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a primary contributor to long-term morbidity in people with JIA. Levels of knowledge about uveitis among JIA patients and their parents are unknown. A survey of JIA patients and parents was conducted to assess knowledge about uveitis complications and recommended screening. A survey was developed consisting of six demographic questions, six arthritis/uveitis history questions, and nine uveitis knowledge questions. The survey was administered to JIA patients age 14 and older and parents of patients with JIA at three pediatric rheumatology practices and online through the Patients, Advocates, and Rheumatology Teams Network for Research and Service (PARTNERS) network. ANOVA, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to look for relationships between survey questions and demographic variables. Thirty-three patients and 111 parents completed the survey. Overall, 17.4% reported a history of uveitis, and 89.6% had heard of uveitis. The mean composite knowledge score was 6.46 ± 2.6 out of 9. Patients and parents with a history of uveitis had higher composite knowledge scores than their counterparts without a uveitis history (p = 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Parents whose rheumatologist reminded them about eye exams at every visit had higher knowledge of the risk of blindness (p = 0.04), the risk for uveitis when arthritis is controlled (p = 0.02), the need for ongoing eye exams when off of medications (p = 0.01), and had a higher overall score (p = 0.02) than those who were reminded at some visits or not at all. JIA patients and parents report variable levels of knowledge regarding uveitis complications and recommended screening. Frequent discussion between the rheumatology provider and family about uveitis screening is associated with higher uveitis knowledge. Incorporating detailed and frequent education about uveitis into rheumatology clinic appointments may improve early uveitis detection and visual outcomes.
Assistive Technologies in the Library by Barbara T. Mates: Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2011, xiv + 206 pp., $55.00, ISBN 978-0-8389-1070-2.

Authored by Barbara Mates, retired head of the Ohio Library for the Blind and Physically Disabled and an independent consultant specializing in senior services and accessibility options, this work ...
Getting Your Data into Shape

no, this chapter is not about thinning the fat rows out of your cursors—which might not be a bad idea. It is about using the ADO Shape syntax to manage hierarchical data. But what is “hierarchical” data? Most of us work with hierarchical data most of the time without knowing it. For instance, when you work with a Customers table that is tied to an associated Invoices table, which has an associated Items table, that’s a hierarchy. The difference between a normal query and a hierarchical query is that the relationships are embedded in the hierarchy. That is, the schema of the relationship is part of the hierarchical structure. This way, the tool used to reference the data “knows” that there can be from zero to n orders for each customer and the Order table’s CustID should point back to a valid row in the Customers table.
A Uniform Framework for Patent Eligibility

There is a need to clarify patent law so as to advance resolution of its most fundamental question – delineating the categories of subject matter that are eligible for patent protection. Coupled with the active role the Supreme Court has taken in examining this precise issue, individuals and non-profit organizations have galvanized a public discourse through constitutional challenges to the issuance of various biotechnology patents. Despite a statutory framework that has remained constant since 1793, courts have been unable to create a comprehensive test for determining patent-eligible subject matter that accurately embodies the foundational principles that underlie the federal grant of patents. I argue that the proximate cause of the lack of an appropriate framework is the failure of courts to clearly define the statutory categories and the absence of a technology-agnostic method of analyzing whether an invention claims ownership over a product of nature. This Article sets forth a uniform framework that addresses patent-eligible subject matter through the creation of a practical methodology that focuses on these two principles. The advantages of the proposed framework are highlighted through the application of the framework to traditional inventions and emerging biotechnologies.
Prediction of Gasoline Storage Stability

A test method is described for predicting the deterioration of gasoline during storage for either 32 weeks at 110/sup 0/F or 5 years at ambient temperatures.