cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychologists in Counseling Centers Fifteen Years Later

A total of 220 university counseling center directors responded to a survey about their staff composition, staff psychologists' motivations for choosing counseling center work, commitment to this work setting, and motivations for leaving. Results were compared with those obtained in a similar survey conducted 15 years earlier. The present study suggests that staffs have more senior members than previously, that staff psychologists are spread more evenly across the age spectrum, and that staffs are proportionately more female. Essentially the same factors attract and hold psychologists as identified earlier However, private practice has now supplanted other options as the primary outlet for those leaving counseling centers.
Molecular Characterization of an Avian Astrovirus

Astroviruses are known to cause enteric disease in several animal species, including turkeys. However, only human astroviruses have been well characterized at the nucleotide level. Herein we report the nucleotide sequence, genomic organization, and predicted amino acid sequence of a turkey astrovirus isolated from poults with an emerging enteric disease.
Mid-Infrared Laser Orbital Septal Tightening: Ex Vivo Dosimetry Study and Pilot Clinical Study

Importance Blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed facial aesthetic surgeries. While myriad techniques exist to improve the appearance of the lower eyelids, there is no clear consensus on the optimal management of the orbital septum. Objectives To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the use of the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) laser for orbital septal tightening, and to determine whether modest use of this laser would provide some degree of clinical efficacy. Design, Setting, and Participants Direct laser irradiation of ex vivo bovine tissue was used to determine appropriate laser dosimetry using infrared thermal imaging and optical coherence tomography before conducting a pilot clinical study in 5 patients. Laser irradiation of the lower eyelid orbital septum was performed through a transconjunctival approach. Standardized preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken for each patient and evaluated by 6 unbiased aesthetic surgeons. Exposure Use of the Ho:YAG laser for orbital septal tightening. Main Outcome and Measure To determine appropriate laser dosimetry, infrared thermal imaging and optical coherence tomography were used to monitor temperature and tissue shape changes of ex vivo bovine tissue that was subjected to direct laser irradiation. For the clinical study, preoperative and postoperative photographs were evaluated by 6 surgeons on a 10-point Likert scale. Results Optical coherence tomography demonstrated that laser irradiation of bovine tissue to a temperature range of 60°C to 80°C resulted in an increase in thickness of up to 2-fold. There were no complications or adverse cosmetic outcomes in the patient study. Patient satisfaction with the results of surgery averaged 7 on a 10-point Likert scale. For 3 patients, 3 (50%) of the evaluators believed there was a mild improvement in appearance of the lower eyelids after surgery. The remaining patients were thought to have no significant changes. Conclusions and Relevance Transconjunctival Ho:YAG laser blepharoplasty is a safe procedure that may ameliorate mild pseudoherniation of lower eyelid orbital fat and is a first step toward the development of percutaneous techniques. Level of Evidence 4.
Dynamics of Progesterone, TNF-α, and a Metabolite of PGF2α in Blood Plasma of Beef Cows following Embryo Transfer

Lactating beef cows previously synchronized for estrus (d 0) were assigned to four treatments to assess their effectiveness in increasing blood progesterone (P4) and its effects on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) after the transfer of embryos. At the time of transfer (d 7), cows received no treatment (control; ), a controlled internal drug releasing device (CIDR; ), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; ), or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH; ). Blood samples were taken on d 7, 14, and 21 for analysis of P4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Blood was collected (every 15 min for 2 h) in half the animals in each treatment group on d 14 and the remaining half on d 21 for analysis of prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM). Retention rates were 56.2, 62.5, 46.7, and 13.3% for cows in the control, CIDR, hCG, and GnRH groups, respectively. Progesterone was greater () in cows receiving hCG compared to others on d 14. Progesterone in all treatment groups increased from d 7 to d 14 and declined () from d 14 to d 21. Contrary to pregnant cows, P4 and TNF-α declined from d 7 to d 21 in nonpregnant cows (). Although PGFM increased by d 21, there was no difference between pregnant and nonpregnant cows.
A NEW ANALYSIS OF THE GENDER ATTRIBUTION OF THE “GREAT GODDESS” OF TEOTIHUACAN

This study explores the identification and gender attribution of the “Great Goddess” of Teotihuacan through re-examining what purportedly constitutes feminine and masculine in these representations. Recent efforts to reattribute this deity's gender have not offered satisfactory re-interpretations, but instead reify a binary model of Western ideas of gender. Transcending this binary model, I propose that one of the key figures identified as female—the central figure from the Tepantitla mural at Teotihuacan—can better be said to show characteristics of a mixed gender, a tradition for which there is significant precedence in the Americas.
Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Thin-Film Solar Cells

We have been working on the development of wet-chemical processing methods that can be used to create thin film photovoltaic solar cells. Electrochemically deposition methods have been used to produce copper indium diselenide (CIS) thin films on molybdenum coated polymer substrates. CIS has an extremely high optical absorption coefficient, excellent radiation resistance, and good electrical conductivity and thus has proved to be an ideal absorber material for thin film solar cells. A series of compositionally different p-type CIS films were produced by using different electrochemical deposition potentials. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) window layers were deposited directly on these CIS films using a chemical bath process. CdS is a naturally ntype wide-bandgap semiconductor which has good transparency and is well lattice-matched to CIS. Zinc oxide thin films were grown by electrochemical deposition directly on the CdS films. ZnO is a transparent and conductive thin film that serves as the top contact of the cells. The structural and elemental properties of the individual ZnO, CdS and CIS films were characterized by x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrical behavior of the CdS on CIS junctions was determined using current versus voltage measurements. We will discuss the performance of these devices based on the physical properties of the component films and the processing methods employed in their fabrication.
An Anchoring Mechanism Used to Implant a Biosensor in the Small Intestine

Capsule Endoscopy (CE) has been used in last 10 years in medical diagnosis of intestine disease such as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB)[1]. An estimated 19 million Americans[2] suffer from these kinds of small intestine disease. The major limitation of this method is that the incomplete examination found in one research is about 20% of 2300 examinations. Also it results in a small risk of obstructive symptoms. When retention happens, high-cost, quick surgical intervention is required.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Designing free energy surfaces that match experimental data with metadynamics

Creating models that are consistent with experimental data is essential in molecular modeling. This is often done by iteratively tuning the molecular force field of a simulation to match experimental data. An alternative method is to bias a simulation, leading to a hybrid model composed of the original force field and biasing terms. We previously introduced such a method called experiment directed simulation (EDS). EDS minimally biases simulations to match average values. In this work, we introduce a new method called experiment directed metadynamics (EDM) that creates minimal biases for matching entire free energy surfaces such as radial distribution functions and phi/psi angle free energies. It is also possible with EDM to create a tunable mixture of the experimental data and free energy of the unbiased ensemble with explicit ratios. EDM can be proven to be convergent, and we also present proof, via a maximum entropy argument, that the final bias is minimal and unique. Examples of its use are given in the construction of ensembles that follow a desired free energy. The example systems studied include a Lennard-Jones fluid made to match a radial distribution function, an atomistic model augmented with bioinformatics data, and a three-component electrolyte solution where ab initio simulation data is used to improve a classical empirical model.
Study on Kinematics Control Algorithms for 3-TPS Hybrid Machine Tool

The kinematics control algorithms of a new horizontal-vertical conversion hybrid machine tool are researched in this paper. In terms of different control requires, several kinematics control algorithms are respectively proposed. These algorithms include a series of transformation from the control target to the machining kinematics of machine tool, which are basis on the control of hybrid machine tool and offers reference foundation for the control design of NC system.
GC-MS Determination of Residual Amounts of Herbicides in Sugarcane

Three herbicides,i.e.,atrazine,acetochlor and ametryn,in sugarcane were extracted and purified by the QuEChERS method,and the contents of the 3 herbicides were determined by GC-MS.The DB-5MS capillary chromatographic column was used for separation,and the electron impact ionization source with selected ion monitoring(SIM) was adopted in MS.Values of detection limit(3S/N) found were 0.001 mg·kg-1 for atrazine,0.002 mg·kg-1 for acetochlor,and 0.001 mg·kg-1 for ametryn.Recovery was tested at 3 different concentration levels and values of recovery found were in the range from 88.0% to 108.0% with RSD′s(n=6) in the range from 1.1% to 6.9%.
2.4 GHZ HETERODYNE RECEIVER FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATION

Objective: The objective of this research was to design a basic 2.4 GHz heterodyne receiver for healthcare on a 130 um CMOS process. The ultimate goal for the wireless industry is to minimize the trade-offs between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design. Methods: In the first part, a low noise amplifier (LNA), which is commonly used as the first stage of a receiver, is introduced and simulated. LNA performance greatly affects the overall receiver performance. The LNA was designed at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, using the cascode with an inductive degeneration topology. The second part of this proposal presents a low power 2.4 GHz down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer. In the third part, a high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO was designed at 2.4 GHz. The design uses using PMOS cross-coupled topology with the varactor for wider tuning range topology. Results: In the first part, a low noise amplifier (LNA) design reached the NF of 2 dB, had power consumption of 2.2 mW, and had a gain of 20dB. The second part of this proposal presented a low power 2.4 GHz down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer. The obtained result showed a conversion gain of 14.6 dB and power consumption of 8.2 mW at a 1.3V supply voltage. In the third part, a high-performance LC-tank CMOS VCO was designed at 2.4 GHz. The final simulation of the phase noise was-128 dBc/Hz, and the tuning range was 2.3 GHz-2.5 GHz while the total power consumption was 3.25 mW. Conclusion : The performance of the receiver meets the specification requirements of the desired standard. Keywords: LNA, healthcare, VCO, mixer, Heterodyne receiver
Use of methods of pattern recognition to assist in test selection and test interpretation.

The methodology and approaches of pattern recognition in the analysis of laboratory data are reviewed. Several software packages have been developed, thus making methods of pattern recognition available for general use; however, several impediments to routine use of these approaches remain.
Cost-wise readiness enabled through data driven fleet management (DDFM): Measuring PHM system benefits through post implementation assessment

Progressively declining budgets compel the U. S. Army to utilize Data Driven Fleet Management (DDFM) technology to cut the cost of readiness and sustainment. DDFM is the application and integration of appropriate processes, technologies, and knowledge based capabilities to improve the reliability and maintenance effectiveness of Army Aircraft Systems and components. Uses a systems engineering approach to collect data, enable analysis, and support the decision-making processes system acquisition, sustainment, and operations. As part of an effort to mitigate rising costs, the Department of Defense has invested in the development of Digital Source Collectors as an onboard aircraft data recording system used to collect data. As a result, Army Aviation has installed thousands of DSCs. As part of its DDFM initiative, DSCs support actionable information and has enabled Army Aviation's airworthiness authority to remediate certain time-based maintenance practices. This enables substantial cost avoidance, eases the Warfighter's maintenance burden, and thereby promotes greater fleetwide emphasis on the performance of higher overall quality maintenance. Army Aviation does this to support mission readiness. Algorithms provide vibration based diagnostics capability, enabling rotor track and balance, or rotor smoothing, to reduce rotor vibrations. Rotor smoothing minimizes loads on life-limited dynamic components in the rotor system. It improves aircrew human factors, reduces vibration in non-rotor system components, and supports the reduction of vibration induced failures. The algorithms automate condition monitoring, reducing time-based visual inspection requirements and component replacements that can result from human error within austere environments under the extreme pressures of combat. Data analysis shows that the technology supports fleetwide mitigation of cost and maintenance burden; where sustainment constitutes up to 70% of ownership costs. Time extensions enabled through proper DSC utilization result in significant cost avoidance benefits. This increases time on and wing, thereby reducing the frequency and magnitude of costly component replacement. The Army Aviation and Missile Command Logistics Center produced the Post Implementation Assessment methodology featured in this paper as a repeatable procedure to measure, capture, and communicate how DDFM supports efficiency.
All Aboard: Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells as Cell Carriers for Virotherapy

Modern virotherapy for the potential treatment of a wide array of human diseases, including cancer, has been investigated for its capacity to elicit therapeutic benefits by way of alterable genetic modification. And while immediate gains in the field have demonstrated pronounced efficacy in therapeutic potential, endogenous and preexisting neutralizing antibody responses hinder the delivery of these vectors. Even more so in the case of cancer therapeutic potential, limited biodistribution of such viral particles within the bulk of the tumor mass is observed. To circumvent these adversities in the delivery of a viral vector to the site of pathology, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells may be used to avoid immune stimulation with resultant vector clearance, to maximize the effective delivery potential, and to augment biodistribution ability in neoplastic tumor masses.
Reflective metasurface lens with an elongated needle-shaped focus

Novel multifocal flat metasurface (MS) lenses are developed using two techniques: (i) polarization diversity, and (ii) annular segmentation of the lens aperture. The polarization-diversity technique enables overall lens aperture reuse, thus doubling the number of foci through the simultaneous focusing of two orthogonal linearly polarized incident beams at two distinct foci using the lens aperture. The annular-segmentation technique, on the other hand, is independent of incident beam polarization and is only based on dividing the lens aperture into concentric annular segments that converge different portions of the illuminating beam at different foci. The total number of foci can be further increased by combining the polarization-diversity and the annular-segmentation techniques. Subsequently, the concept of multifocality is further extended to design a novel flat lens with an overall single needle-like focal region with elongated depth of focus (DOF) without loss of lateral resolution. To this goal, we design a multifocal lens with overlapping profiles of foci superposed into a single elongated needle-shaped focal region. Using the combination of polarization-diversity and annular-segmentation techniques, we develop a novel MS flat lens made of Y-shaped nanoantennas, whose polarization-dependent reflection phase and amplitude can be controlled independently via their geometrical parameters. Via numerical calculations, we demonstrate that the proposed MS lens has an overall single focal region with an extremely long DOF of about 74.1 λ, a lateral full width at half maximum varying in the range of 1.37 λ to 2.8 λ, and a numerical aperture of about 0.26 (considering the center of the focal region as the effective focal point). Here, the MS lens’s capability to synthesize extremely long DOF is conceptually demonstrated without resorting to time-consuming and complicated wavefront synthesis methods. The engineering of focal intensity profiles with flat MSs may introduce significant advancement in nanoimaging, many areas of microscopy, and ophthalmic applications.
Evidence of a forward energy cascade and Kolmogorov self-similarity in submesoscale ocean surface drifter observations

Using two-point velocity and position data from the near-simultaneous release of O(100) GPS-tracked surface drifters in the northern Gulf of Mexico, we examine the applicability of classical turbulent scaling laws to upper ocean velocity fields. The dataset allows direct estimates of both velocity structure functions and the temporal evolution of the distribution of particle pair separations. On 100 m-10 km spatial scales, and time scales of order 1-10 days, all metrics of the observed surface fluctuations are consistent with standard Kolmogorov turbulence theory in an energy cascade inertial-range regime. The sign of the third-order structure function is negative and proportional to the separation distance for scales ≲10 km where local, fluctuating Rossby numbers are found to be larger than 0.1. The scale-independent energy dissipation rate, or downscale spectral flux, estimated from Kolmogorov’s 4/5th law in this regime closely matches nearby microscale dissipation measurements in the near-surface. In c...
Should We Believe the Urinalysis

In the post–Haemophilus influenzae type b, postpneumococcal immunization era, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common serious bacterial infection in infants and young children. The diagnosis of UTI is challenging in this population and has received much attention, including a 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline (CPG) on diagnosis and management of UTI in febrile infants and young children.1 The recent article by Shaikh et al2 in Pediatrics on the association between uropathogens and … E-mail: sjain{at}emory.edu
Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 Dye: An Application for Forensic Fingerprint Analysis

The Bradford reagent, comprised of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye, methanol, and phosphoric acid, has been traditionally used for quantifying proteins. Use of this reagent in the Bradford assay relies on the binding of the Coomassie Blue G-250 dye to proteins. However, the ability of the dye to react with a small group of amino acids (arginine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) makes it a viable chemical assay for fingerprint analysis in order to identify the biological sex of the fingerprint originator. It is recognized that the identification of biological sex has been readily accomplished using two other methods; however, both of those systems are reliant upon a large group of amino acids, 23 to be precise. The Bradford assay, described here, was developed specifically to aid in the transition from targeting large groups of amino acids, as demonstrated in the previous studies, to targeting only a single amino acid without compromising the intensity of the response and/...
Modest Loans Leading to Monumental Change: The Promies of Microcredit as a Development Tool in Nicaragua

Nicaragua is in need of a development policy that can simultaneously facilitate equitable growth and work to alleviate poverty. This paper will synthesize journal articles and show that past policies (such as export promotion, import substitution industrialization, and structural adjustment and stabilization pursued through the Washington Consensus) have focused on growth and output, but neglected income inequality and poverty reduction in the region. Such policies caused a short-term austerity that led to human suffering and may not have been necessary to build growth. Microeconomic policies may provide useful alternatives to the macroeconomic austerity programs. The microeconomic policy examined as an option in this paper is that of using microcredit to fund microenterprise.
Credentialing and Vendorship: Are We Ready?

Abstract Recently, several human services professions have been able to secure financial reimbursement for their services from insurance companies and other third-party payers through formal recognition as vendors of various services. Preceding the acquisition of vendorship privileges for these professions was the recognition by society that their national licensing and/or certification requirements were sufficiently rigorous to protect the public from incompetent practitioners. Despite the implementation of national certification processes, little has been written in the health education literature about vendorship. This article asserts that vendorship could be the next phase in our professional evolution. Economic and educational developments are brought to bear on the issue of securing vendorship for Certified Health Education Specialists.
Predicting Length of Stay for Obstetric Patients via Electronic Medical Records

Obstetric care refers to the care provided to patients during ante-, intra-, and postpartum periods. Predicting length of stay (LOS) for these patients during their hospitalizations can assist healthcare organizations in allocating hospital resources more effectively and efficiently, ultimately improving maternal care quality and reducing costs to patients. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which LOS can be forecast from a patient's medical history. We introduce a machine learning framework to incorporate a patient's prior conditions (e.g., diagnostic codes) as features in a predictive model for LOS. We evaluate the framework with three years of historical billing data from the electronic medical records of 9188 obstetric patients in a large academic medical center. The results indicate that our framework achieved an average accuracy of 49.3%, which is higher than the baseline accuracy 37.7% (that relies solely on a patient's age). The most predictive features were found to have statistically significant discriminative ability. These features included billing codes for normal delivery (indicative of shorter stay) and antepartum hypertension (indicative of longer stay).
SULFATE DECOMPOSITION: A MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESS

The disposal and treatment of sulfur, a major process stream constituent of industry and mining, is rapidly expanding into one of its most formidable challenges. Significant potential exists for the treatment of industry's major effluents including excess sulfuric acid, gypsum, coal de-sulfurization by-products, acid mine waters, and general metallurgical effluents.
Development of Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of 5-Year Spinal Chordoma Survival.

Background Chordomas are locally invasive slow-growing tumors that are difficult to study because of the rarity of the tumors and the lack of significant volumes of patients with longitudinal follow-up. As such, there are currently no machine learning studies in the chordoma literature. The purpose of this study was to develop machine learning models for survival prediction and deploy them as open access web applications as a proof of concept for machine learning in rare nervous system lesions. Methods The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database was used to identify adult patients diagnosed with spinal chordoma between 1995 and 2010. Four machine learning models were used to predict 5-year survival for spinal chordoma and assessed by discrimination, calibration, and overall performance. Results The 5-year overall survival for 265 patients with spinal chordoma was 67.5%. Variables used for prediction were age at diagnosis, tumor size, tumor location, extent of tumor invasion, and extent of surgery. For 5-year survival prediction, the Bayes Point Machine achieved the best performance with a c statistic of 0.80, calibration slope of 1.01, calibration intercept of 0.03, and Brier score of 0.16. This model for 5-year mortality prediction was incorporated into an open access application and can be found online ( https://sorg-apps.shinyapps.io/chordoma/ ). Conclusions This analysis of patients with spinal chordoma demonstrated that machine learning models can be developed for survival prediction in rare pathologies and have the potential to serve as the basis for creation of decision support tools in the future.
2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of bunyaviruses in vitro and in phleboviral disease mouse models.

Abstract 2′-Fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (2′-FdC) was reported to inhibit various viruses in vitro, including Borna disease, hepatitis C, Lassa fever, influenza and certain herpes viruses, and is inhibitory to influenza viruses in mice. We investigated the antiviral activity of 2′-FdC against several unrelated bunyaviruses in 50% cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assays and, with viruses that cause limited CPE, 90% virus yield reduction (VYR) assays. La Crosse (LACV), Maporal, Punta Toro, Rift Valley fever (RVFV), and San Angelo viruses were inhibited in CPE assays at 2.2–9.7 μM concentrations. In VYR assays, Heartland and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTSV) viruses were inhibited at 0.9 and 3.7 μM, respectively. In contrast, ribavirin inhibited these viruses at an average of 47 μM. Antiviral efficacy studies were also conducted in mice infected with RVFV, SFTSV, and LACV. Against RVFV, 2′-FdC (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and ribavirin (100 mg/kg/day) treatments each delayed mortality by approximately 6 days compared to placebo. Liver, spleen, and serum viral titers were significantly reduced by antiviral treatments. 2′-FdC (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) prevented death in SFTSV-infected mice, but was not as effective as favipiravir (100 mg/kg/day) based on body weight loss during infection. The 100 mg/kg/day doses of 2′-FdC and favipiravir significantly reduced liver, spleen, and serum viral titers. 2′-FdC and ribavirin afforded no protection against LACV infection in mice, which is encephalitic and thus inherently more difficult to treat. Taken together, our data suggest that 2′-FdC may be a viable candidate for treating certain non-encephalitic bunyavirus infections such as those caused by phleboviruses.
Localized Solutions to Incorporating Broader Impacts into First-Year Engineering Education

This Innovative Practice Work in Progress explores that, despite calls across a range of organizations for educational experiences that help students understand the broader impacts of engineering work, engineering faculty still frequently struggle with how to help students develop this understanding. Literature offers a number of insights, practices, and approaches to what broader impacts means, but faculty are often not prepared to teach in this domain. To that end, the authors are in the process of developing a workshop for faculty at their home institution that addresses local needs and concerns. While the workshop is still in development, the process itself has raised a number of challenges associated with understanding faculty beliefs and experiences, working within local constraints and expectations, and aligning with institutional culture. Because these issues can vary by institution, workshops to support faculty development are not, we argue, a one-size-fits-all option that easily ports from one institution to another. Thus, in this work in progress, we document the process of translating existing research and teaching materials on broader impacts and social responsibility into meaningful, contextualized faculty development at the local level. Using auto-ethnography, we highlight salient features of our experiences that can help guide similar efforts at other institutions. In addition, we will have delivered and assessed the workshop by the time of conference and will share findings on the effectiveness and impact of the workshop in our presentation.
Ground Control Aspects of Longwall Design

SUMMARY Recognizing the important role to be played by longwall mining in achieving the projected doubling of U.S. coal production, it has been endeavoured to outline the basic considerations for longwall design with a special focus on ground control measures. The influence of the geological features, geotechnical considerations, seam characteristics and support system on the longwall design has been discussed. The importance of design and stability of gate roadways has been given due consideration. Special emphasis has been given to the significance of ground control measures in the success of a longwall design.
What Parents Should Share: Child Privacy in the Age of Social Media and the Pediatrician's Role

Blogging and social media have dramatically increased and parents now shape their children’s digital footprints often starting when their children are infants. The disclosures parents share online will follow their children into adulthood and there are many potential harms that are unrecognized by parents. Pediatricians are poised to provide guidance and advocacy in this area but need legal backing and oversight. We review the legal backdrop and whether children have a legal or moral right to control their own digital footprint and discuss the unique and novel conflict at the heart …
A novel device to measure static hindlimb weight-bearing forces in pronograde rodents.

Abstract Background Joint pain is composed of both spontaneous and movement-induced pain. In animal models, static bodyweight distribution is a surrogate for spontaneous joint pain. However, there are no commercially-available instruments that measure static bodyweight distribution in normal, pronograde rodents. New method We designed a Static Horizontal Incapacitance Meter (SHIM) to measure bodyweight distribution in pronograde standing rodents. We assessed the device for feasibility, repeatability, and sensitivity to quantify hindlimb bodyweight distribution. Mice and rats with unilateral inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous injections of capsaicin or Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the plantar surface of the left hind paw were used to measure static weight-bearing. The ability to attenuate inflammatory pain-associated weight-bearing asymmetry was tested by administering a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, meloxicam. Results The SHIM’s ability to detect significant reductions in limb loading on the injected hindlimb in mice and rats was validated using both acute and sub-chronic pain models. Treatment with meloxicam partially reversed CFA-induced effects. Comparison with existing methods In contrast with assays that measure kinetic or static weight-bearing forces (e.g., walking, or standing at a 45 ° incline), the SHIM allows evaluation of weight-bearing in rodents that are standing at rest in their normal pronograde position. Conclusions The SHIM successfully detected: (a) asymmetric weight-bearing in acute and sub-chronic pain models; and (b) the analgesic effects of meloxicam. This study provides a novel tool to objectively evaluate limb use dysfunction in rodents.
The LUVOIR Extreme Coronagraph for Living Planetary Systems (ECLIPS) II. Performance evaluation, aberration sensitivity analysis and exoplanet detection simulations

Future space missions such as the Large UV-Optical-Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) and the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) require coronagraphs with active wavefront control to suppress starlight to discover and characterize habitable exoplanets. The Extreme Coronagraph for Living Planetary Systems (ECLIPS) is the coronagraph instrument on the LUVOIR Surveyor mission concept, an 8{15m segmented telescope. ECLIPS is split into three channels: UV (200 to 400 nm), optical (400 nm to 850 nm), and NIR (850 nm to 2.0 microns), with each channel equipped with two deformable mirrors for wavefront control, a suite of coronagraph masks, a low-order/out-of-band wavefront sensor, and separate science imagers and spectrographs. The Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph (APLC) and the Vector Vortex Coronagraph (VVC) are the baselined mask technologies for ECLIPS to enable the required 10-10 contrast for observations in the habitable zones of nearby stars. Their performance depends on active wavefront sensing and control, as well as metrology subsystems to compensate for aberrations induced by segment errors (piston and tip/tilt, among others), secondary mirror misalignment, and global low-order wavefront errors. Here we present the latest results of the simulation of these effects for the two technologies and discuss the achieved contrast for exoplanet detection and characterization after closed-loop wavefront estimation and control algorithms have been applied. Finally, we show simulated observations using high-fidelity spatial and spectral input models of complete planetary systems generated with the Haystacks code framework.
Polystyrene/TiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings To Inhibit Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3

Polystyrene (PS)/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings (PNCC) with extremely high TiO2 nanoparticle loadings (42 vol %) generated by capillary rise infiltration were applied for the first time on AA2024-T3 a...
Postautologous stem cell transplantation engraftment syndrome: Improved treatment and outcomes.

Postautologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) engraftment syndrome (ES) is a well-known clinical complication; however, many aspects remain largely controversial. In this retrospective study, we reviewed records of 156 ASCTs done over 2 years in our institution. Our results show that 45 (34 multiple myeloma/amyloidosis and 11 lymphoma) of 156 adult patients (29%) were diagnosed with ES. Patients with ES were significantly more likely to have fever, rash, and diarrhea upon engraftment. Risk factors for ES included shorter time from diagnosis to ASCT (P = .029), and lower number of pretransplant treatment regimens (0.012). Post-ASCT, patients with ES had significantly lower absolute lymphocyte count on first engraftment day (P = .014). Most ES patients received treatment with steroids. Initial dose of prednisone/methylprednisolone was 2 mg/kg (n = 34), 1 mg/kg (n = 7), while four patients received 1000 mg IV with median length of therapy 7.5 days. One ES patient with inadequate steroid therapy died of ES complications, while another developed respiratory failure requiring intubation but had full recovery with steroids treatment. In conclusion, patients with shorter time from diagnosis to ASCT and with less prior therapy are more likely to develop ES. Overall survival of ES patients has improved with greater awareness of the diagnosis and earlier use of steroids.
Three-photon excitation of autoionizing states of atomic xenon between the /sup 2/P/sup 0//sub 3/2/ and /sup 2/P/sup 0//sub 1/2/ fine-structure thresholds

The nonresonant, three-photon ionization spectrum of atomic Xe in the region between the Xe/sup +/ /sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 3/2/ and /sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/ fine-structure limits is reported. Using linearly polarized light, four autoionizing Rydberg series are observed converging to the Xe/sup +/ /sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/ limit, corresponding to (/sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/)ns'((1/2))/sup 0/ /sub 1/, (2P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/)nd'((3/2))/sup 0/ /sub 1/, (/sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/)nd'((5/2))/sup 0/ /sub 3/, and (/sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/)ng'((7/2))/sup 0/ /sub 3/; as expected, using circularly polarized light only the J = 3 series are observed. These results are in contrast to earlier experimental work in which no resonant structure was observed. Photoelectron angular distributions are reported for the (/sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/)9s'((1/2))/sup 0/ /sub 1/ and the (/sup 2/P/sup 0/ /sub 1/2/)7d'((3/2))/sup 0/ /sub 3/ autoionizing resonances. The results are compared with the recent theoretical calculations by P. Gangopadhyay et al. (Phys. Rev. A 34, 2998 (1986)).
Virtflex: Automatic Adaptation to NUMA Topology Change for OpenMP Applications

Advances in PCI-Express and optical interconnects are making “rack-scale computers” possible, but these computers will undoubtedly exhibit Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) latencies. Ideally, a hypervisor for rack-scale computers should be able to dynamically reconfigure a virtual machine’s processing and memory resources, i.e., its NUMA topology, to satisfy each application’s evolving demands. Unfortunately, current hypervisors lack support for such dynamic reconfiguration. To that end, this paper introduces Virtflex, a multilayered system for enabling unmodified OpenMP applications to adapt automatically to NUMA topology changes. Virtflex provides a novel NUMA page placement reset mechanism within the guest OS and a novel NUMA-aware superpage ballooning mechanism that spans the guest OS-hypervisor boundary. The evaluation shows that Virtflex enables applications to adapt efficiently to NUMA topology changes. For example, adding resources incurs an average runtime overhead of only 7.27%.
Sequence-encoded and Composition-dependent Protein-RNA Interactions Control Multiphasic Condensate Topologies

Multivalent protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions are the drivers of biological phase separation. Bio-condensates typically contain a dense network of multiple proteins and RNAs, yet the role of overlapping molecular interactions in regulating the condensate composition and structure is not well understood. Employing a ternary system comprising of a prion-like polypeptide (PLD), arginine-rich polypeptide (RLD), and RNA, here we show that competition between the PLD and RNA for a single shared partner, the RLD, leads to PLD-RLD demixing and spontaneous formation of biphasic condensates. Combining experiments with simulations, we show that the topology of coexisting condensates is regulated via mixture composition and the nature of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions, giving rise to a diverse set of multiphasic patterns including completely separated, partially and completely engulfed droplet morphologies, and Janus droplets. Our findings provide a minimal set of physical rules that govern the composition and spatial organization of multicomponent and multiphasic bio-condensates.
Hydrogen production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate in an up-scaled microbial electrolysis cell with stacked bio-electrodes

Abstract Hydrogen production from renewable resources via microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) is a promising approach for sustainable energy production. Yet high hydrogen yield from real feedstocks has not been demonstrated in up-scaled MECs. In this study, a 10-L single chamber MEC with a high electrode surface area to volume ratio (66 m2/m3) was constructed and electroactive cathodic biofilms were enriched for hydrogen evolution reaction. A high hydrogen yield of 91% was achieved using lignocellulosic hydrolysate with a hydrogen production rate of 0.71 L/L/D at an organic loading rate of 0.4 g/D. The anodic and cathodic microbial communities, with Enterococcus spp. as the known electroactive bacteria, were capable of achieving current densities of 13.7 A/m2 and 16.5 A/m2, respectively. A machine learning algorithm was used to investigate the correlation between community data and electrochemical performance, and the critical genera on determining current density were identified.
Incidencia de la dermatofitosis en niños escolares de la Unidad Educativa “Benito Juárez”

Los dermatofitos son hongos causantes de las dermatofitosis conocidas como micosis superficiales que afectan principalmente a los ninos; su presencia ocasiona trastornos en la dermis e incide en el comportamiento social y de aprendizaje de los ninos. En la provincia de Chimborazo no existen estudios relacionados con este tema, es por ello, que el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la incidencia de esta patologia en escolares de la Unidad Educativa “Benito Juarez” de la parroquia rural Punin, Canton Riobamba, a traves de la sintomatologia causada por dermatofitos y su localizacion en el huesped. La Metodologia empleada fue de enfoque cuantitativo y las tecnicas fueron la encuesta y la observacion directa, tambien se utilizo una amplia revision bibliografica en base a datos cientificos con cobertura entre los anos 2015 al 2020. Los resultados evidenciaron un marcado desconocimiento de esta patologia por parte de los padres de familia de los ninos, asi como la presencia de dermatofitosis infantil, cuyo agente causal principal es la tina capitis o micosis de cuero cabelludo con un 57%, seguido de la tina corporis en un 28%. Como conclusion se puede manifestar que las condiciones precarias en las cuales los ninos se desarrollan, tal es el caso de ausencia de salubridad, pobreza, la falta de agua para el aseo diario, etc., siempre condicionaran la presencia de las dermatofitosis, la misma que se podra prevenir cuando exista un cambio radical y compromiso por parte de los representantes de los ninos para garantizarles una mejor calidad de vida.
After the year of the dumpster fire

2020 has been one of the craziest and strangest years we have lived through. Now that it's over, it's an opportunity to show gratitude for all the good things.
Neonicotinoid-contaminated diet causes behavior changes in forager honey bees (Apis mellifera) that may reduce colony survival during late fall

Neonicotinoid insecticides are often detected in pollen and nectar, which are the main food resources for honey bees. Sub-lethal and chronic exposure to these insecticides may have a prolonged effe...
Racial and ethnic representation in primary research contributing to pelvic organ prolapse treatment guidelines.

To evaluate whether the studies contributing to the national treatment guidelines on pelvic organ prolapse adequately represent the racial and/or ethnic makeup of the American population. This analysis examines the racial and ethnic makeup of all primary study cohorts contributing to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists/American Urogynecologic Society Practice Bulletin No. 214 on pelvic organ prolapse. References were excluded if they lacked a primary patient population or were from outside the US. Mean proportional representation of racial/ethnic groups was compared to the 2018 United States Census data on race/ethnicity. The representation quotient was also calculated to evaluate for relative representation of each group. Descriptive statistics were used. Of the 110 references, 53 primary studies were included in the final analysis with 30 studies reporting on race/ethnicity. On average, 82% (SD = 15%) of study populations were White, while Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians represented 67% (SD = 7%), 4% (SD = 8%), and < 1% (SD = 1%), respectively, differing significantly from the 2018 US Census (p < 0.01.) The representation quotients for White women was 1.36, demonstrating a 36% overrepresentation, while Black, Hispanic, and Asian women were underrepresented among studies of all evidence levels, with representative quotients of 0.50, 0.23, and 0.09, respectively. Our study demonstrates a significant underrepresentation of non-White populations in primary cohorts of studies contributing to the ACOG/AUGS Practice Bulletin No. 214 on POP. This analysis reinforces that more efforts are required to include and report on racial and ethnically diverse cohorts to better serve all patients.
Outcomes of patients with nonepileptic transient neurologic symptoms after subdural hematoma evacuation.

Patients undergoing a subdural hematoma (SDH) evacuation can experience transient neurological symptoms (TNS) postoperatively. Electroencephalography (EEG) is used to rule out seizures. We aim to characterize patients with TNS and negative epileptiform activity on EEG and compare them to those with positive epileptiform EEG findings. We performed a retrospective study of adult patients who underwent EEG for evaluation of TNS after undergoing SDH evacuation. Patients were stratified based on SDH type (acute and non-acute) and whether or not their EEG demonstrated positive epileptiform activity. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of negative EEG findings. One hundred twenty-nine SDH patients were included (45 (34.9%) acute; 84 (65.1%) non-acute). Overall, 45 (24 acute and 21 non-acute SDH patients) had positive epileptiform EEG findings, and 84 (21 acute and 63 non-acute SDH patients) had a negative EEG. Acute and non-acute SDH patients with positive EEG findings were more likely to suffer from greater than five episodes of TNS, impaired awareness, and motor symptoms, while the negative EEG group was more likely to suffer from negative symptoms. Non-acute SDH patients with positive EEG had longer mean ICU stays (14.6 vs. 7.2; p = 0.005). Both acute and non-acute SDH-positive EEG patients had worse disposition upon discharge (p < 0.05), worse modified Rankin score at discharge (p < 0.05), and 3-month follow-up (p < 0.05) and were more likely to be discharged on more than one antiepileptic drug (p < 0.001). Postoperative acute and non-acute SDH patients with TNS and negative EEG results are likely to have a favorable clinical picture. This distinction is therapeutically and prognostically important as these patients may not respond to typical antiepileptic drugs and they have better functional outcomes.
Universal service: Liberalization and privatization of telecommunications

Abstract Liberalization in the UK and the divestiture of AT&T in the USA ended the system of cross-subsidization historically associated with ‘universal service’. This article discusses ‘universal service’, its past relationship with tariff policy and the impact of liberalization and privatization on its conceptualization. The original claims that liberalization and privatization would increase telephone penetration have not been borne out. Based on such experience, it seems unlikely that privatization policies will themselves extend ‘universal service’ to the majority population in Third-World countries in terms of penetration, usage or geographical equity. Indeed, where ‘universal service’ is the goal, the evidence suggests that committed government policy is essential.
Classification and sampling of shapes through semiparametric Skew-Symmetric Shape Model

We present a novel method for shape modeling using an extended class of semiparametric skew-symmetric (SSS) distributions. Given several realizations of a simple shape, the proposed method models it as a joint distribution of angle and distance from the centroid of all points on the boundary. The model, called “Semiparametric Skew-Symmetric Shape Model” (SSSM), is capable of capturing inherent variability of shapes provided the realization contours remain within a certain neighborhood range around a “mean” with high probability. In this paper, we will discuss SSSM learning, classification through SSSM and sampling shapes from the learned models.