cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sonographic appearance of nodular fasciitis.

First described in 1955, nodular fasciitis, or pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis, is a benign, self-limiting reactive process composed of proliferating fibroblasts in a myxoid stroma. 1 - 6 A rich cellular array of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, micro-hemorrhages, and numerous mitotic figures are characteristic features on low-magnification light microscopy. 3 Nodular fasciitis most commonly appears in the third and fourth decades with a solitary, rapidly growing, sometimes painful nodule arising in the upper extremity,4-6 which can be clinically confused with a sarcoma. Although a relatively common lesion, nodular fasciitis is underreported in the radiology literature. Typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings include low signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, although they vary in homogeneity and patterns of enhancement. 4 , 5 On sonography, nodular fasciitis has been described as oval or lobulated, isoechoic, or with mixed areas of isoechogenicity and hypoechogenicity 7 As described below, we report a case of a patient with nodular fasciitis who underwent extensive imaging including sonography and MRI and describe the imaging features of this disease process. In this case, the lesion was well defined and slightly hypoechoic yet mildly heterogeneous and showed posterior acoustic enhancement.
Trends associated with distal biceps tendon repair in the United States, 2007 to 2011

Background Current studies investigating surgical treatment of distal biceps tendon tears largely consist of small, retrospective case series. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current patient demographics, surgical trends, and postoperative complication rates associated with operative treatment of distal biceps tendon tears using a large database of privately insured, non-Medicare patients. Methods Patients who underwent surgical intervention for distal biceps tendon tears from 2007 to 2011 were identified using the PearlDiver database. Demographic and surgical data as well as postoperative complications were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression analysis and χ 2 tests, with statistical significance set at P Results A total of 1443 patients underwent surgical treatment for distal biceps tendon tears. Men and patients aged 40 to 59 years accounted for 98% and 72% of the cohort, respectively. Regarding surgical technique, reinsertion to the radial tuberosity was preferred (95%) over tenodesis to the brachialis (5%) ( P P = .36). Postoperative infection and peripheral nerve injury rates were 1.1% and 0.6%, respectively. Conclusion Surgeons strongly preferred anatomic reinsertion to the radial tuberosity for treatment, regardless of the chronicity of the injury. Postoperative complication rates were similar to those found in prior studies, although the true rate of rerupture may be higher than previously thought.
Exploring Dimensions of Social Inclusion among Alternative Learning Centres in the USA.

ABSTRACTIncreasing disparities in out-of-school suspension and dropout rates have led a number of school districts to develop alternative models of education to include alternative learning centres (ALCs). Using an exploratory mixed methods design, this study explores dimensions of social inclusion among ALCs, located in the southeastern region of the USA. In the first phase, case-study analyses across two sites contextualised student experiences from the perspective of students, teachers, and assistant principals. In the second phase, data explored student outcomes among a sample of 593 students across 28 ALCs in the school district. Qualitative findings revealed varying dimensions of social inclusion through access, success through empowerment, and participation and engagement. Quantitative findings revealed a majority of students transitioned back to the traditional school environment. There were no clear student or school advantages associated with student transitions; however, high school students we...
Sex and grade differences in children's manifest anxiety.

Responses of 452 4th- and 6th-grade boys and girls to the individual dichotomous items of the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were analyzed by factorial sex-by-grade analyses of variance. Sex and/or grade differences were obtained on 22 items. Girls manifested greater anxiety on items expressing fear, hurt feelings, being lonesome, nervous, having bad dreams. More boys could not keep their minds on schoolwork. Fourth graders expressed more anxiety on items suggesting physiological or psychosomatic areas such as fast heart beat, difficulty in swallowing, going to sleep, sick at stomach, etc. The significant grade difference in total score was attributed to greater maturity of 6th graders.
Using Team-Based Learning in Interprofessional Education to Promote Content Knowledge and Team Skills Applications

Date Presented 4/18/2015 Team-based learning (TBL) was used to facilitate a longitudinal interprofessional experience (IPE) for 600 students across 10 professions. Content outcomes and teamwork evaluations provide evidence that TBL is an efficient means for facilitating IPE.
Detection of equine influenza virus in Yunnan province and sequence analysis of HA genes

Equine influenza(EI),caused by EI virus(EIV),is a highly contagious respiratory disease of horse.Two antigenically different subtypes have been identified: H7N7(EIV1) and H3N8(EIV2).The H3N8 is the only subtype responsible for worldwide prevalence and outbreak of EI.Nasal swab samples which had been collected from suspected cases in Yunnan Province,were detected by the type A specific and sub-type H3 specific RT-PCR for EIV.The PCR products of hemagglutinin(HA) gene from positive samples were purified and cloned into pMD18-T vector for sequencing.The results of sequence analysis showed that the identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of HA genes from Yunnan samples were 91.2%~99.2% and 89.5%~98.4% with known representative EIV strains,respectively.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EIV isolates from Yunnan should belong to Florida sub-lineage,American lineage.
Translocation t(9;11)(p23;q12): A Primary Chromosomal Change in Renal Oncocytoma

AbstractWe report the cytogenetic, clinical, radiological and pathological features of a renal oncocytoma, diagnosed accidentally in a 50-year-old man who originally presented with symptoms related to prostatic hyperplasia. All metaphases examined showed a structural chromosomal rearrangement t(9;11)(p23;ql2) as the only change. The constitutional karyotype was established as 46XY. We believe that this karyotypic anomaly may represent a primary and possibly specific change characterizing this uncommon and generally benign type of tumor.
Divalent metal cation adsorption onto Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6SL bacterial cells

Abstract Bacteriogenic iron oxide (BIOS) particles have a high affinity to adsorb inorganic nutrients such as Ca, Mg, Zn, and Ni, raising the question of how Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) compete for these same cations while the BIOS are in such close proximity to the cells. Answering this question requires a detailed understanding of metal binding properties of FeOB. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of aqueous Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, and Pb onto the sheathless FeOB Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6SL were measured separately, and the adsorption behaviors were compared to that of Bacillus subtilis in order to determine if the iron oxidizing bacterial species exhibits similar binding properties to those of most previously studied bacterial species. The experiments for both species were performed aerobically; ionic strength was held constant with 0.1 M NaClO4; the experiments were conducted as a function of pH over the range of 2 to 9; and biomass and metal concentrations were 10 g (wet weight)/L and 2 ppm, respectively. Our results show that the two studied bacterial species exhibit similar adsorption of the tested metals, and that although some iron oxides formed during L. cholodnii SP-6SL liquid culture growth, they are present in low enough concentrations not to significantly affect the extent of metal adsorption. We apply a linear free-energy approach to define relationships between the stability constants for site-specific metal-bacterial surface complexes and corresponding metal-acetate binding constants. We use these relationships to estimate binding constants for L. cholodnii for some metals that have not been studied, and we apply these results to calculate the ability of L. cholodnii to compete for nutrients with BIOS particles that form during Fe(II) oxidation by the bacteria.
Data and Method

This chapter describes the empirical data and methods used for the present study. The subsequent sections address the selection of parliamentary debates for the empirical analysis (Sect. 3.1), the method of data collection through the computer-based text coding of evaluative claims (Sect. 3.2), and the methods applied for subsequent quantitative (Sect. 3.3) and qualitative content analyses (Sect. 3.4).
Microcontinuum Theory of Heat-Conducting Smectic Liquid Crystals

Balance laws governing the flow of heat-conducting smectic liquid crystals are presented. Appropriate constitutive equations are formulated taking into account thermal gradients on the basis of the micropolar theory of A.C.Eringen. Full material symmetry considerations of the smectic phase are applied to effect simplifications in the constitutive equations. A generalized form of the Clausius-Duhem inequality governing these constitutive equations is obtained and includes the effects of heat-conduction. A complete set of thermodynamical restrictions governing the material coefficients are derived. The resulting constitutive theory is then specialized to the linear case to facilitate its use in practical applications.
Longitudinal Effects of Computer-Mediated Communication Anxiety on Interaction in Virtual Teams

Research problem: Organizations continue to rely upon virtual teams, yet knowing how, and for how long, individual members' computer-mediated communication (CMC) anxiety affects virtual team interactions and performance outcomes is not well-known. Research questions: (1) What is the relationship between CMC anxiety and virtual team participation? (2) How does this relationship influence the perceptions of individual performance? (3) Does this relationship persist over time? Literature review: A literature review including communication and media structures, input-mediator-output team effectiveness, and individual CMC anxiety elements indicate researchable negative effects upon virtual team interaction and participation in CMC environments. Higher levels of individual CMC anxiety could dampen participation quantity, participation type (task versus social), participation quality, and perceptions of individual performance. Further, the initial negative interactions and behaviors could persist over time. Methodology: This quantitative quasiexperimental study involved surveying, observing, and coding the interactions of 22 virtual project teams (consisting of a total of 110 individuals) over a span of four months. The teams used a CMC tool with shared file space and discussion boards to coordinate database design and implementation work. Data were collected from questionnaire surveys, individual message postings, and team project scores. Individual message postings were coded to measure participation quality (task focus and topic introductions) and participation quantity (message count and words per message). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures multivariate analyses along with follow-up univariate statistical testing. Results and conclusions: The results indicate that individuals with higher levels of CMC anxiety participated less, sent fewer task-oriented messages, introduced fewer novel topics, and were rated more poorly by team members on their performance compared to individuals with lower levels of CMC anxiety. The results also show that CMC-anxious individuals do send relatively more social-oriented messages, perhaps to compensate for typical apprehensive communication behaviors in a virtual team environment. In addition, participation quality and quantity and perceptions of performance by CMC-anxious team members do not significantly improve, even with repeated interactions over CMC. Although study participants evidenced high engagement with the project tasks, the study is limited by its use of student subjects. The study suggests the importance of team leaders and role definitions for virtual teams, to counteract potential unintended effects of CMC technology use masking actual participation and contribution of virtual team members. Future research could investigate the efficacy of interventions for reducing the negative impacts of CMC anxiety in virtual team performance, as well as the influence of individual structures such as CMC anxiety in the use of CMC and team structures in the virtual team environment.
Assemble CRISPRs from metagenomic sequencing data

MOTIVATION Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) allows more specific and efficient gene editing than all previous genetic engineering systems. These exciting discoveries stem from the finding of the CRISPR system being an adaptive immune system that protects the prokaryotes against exogenous genetic elements such as phages. Despite the exciting discoveries, almost all knowledge about CRISPRs is based only on microorganisms that can be isolated, cultured and sequenced in labs. However, about 95% of bacterial species cannot be cultured in labs. The fast accumulation of metagenomic data, which contains DNA sequences of microbial species from natural samples, provides a unique opportunity for CRISPR annotation in uncultivable microbial species. However, the large amount of data, heterogeneous coverage and shared leader sequences of some CRISPRs pose challenges for identifying CRISPRs efficiently in metagenomic data. RESULTS In this study, we developed a CRISPR finding tool for metagenomic data without relying on generic assembly, which is error-prone and computationally expensive for complex data. Our tool can run on commonly available machines in small labs. It employs properties of CRISPRs to decompose generic assembly into local assembly. We tested it on both mock and real metagenomic data and benchmarked the performance with state-of-the-art tools. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code and the documentation of metaCRISPR is available at https://github.com/hangelwen/metaCRISPR CONTACT: yannisun@msu.edu.
State-Level HIV Criminalization Laws: Social Construction of Target Populations?

ABSTRACTApplying Schneider and Ingram’s social constructionist framework that places people living with HIV (PLWH) in the intersection of both minimal power and negative social construction, this study investigates whether HIV criminalization laws are more likely to be present in states that have a relatively larger percentage of socially marginalized populations. A database was assembled of state-level variables related to HIV criminalization laws and indicators of social marginalization. Analyses show that states with HIV criminalization laws have relatively larger African American populations. Future research is needed to further clarify the racial component of HIV criminalization.
PDZD7-MYO7A complex identified in enriched stereocilia membranes

Inside the inner ear, sensory cells called hair cells detect and respond to sounds and head movements. These cells have a mechanically sensitive structure called the hair bundle, which is made of many thin projections called stereocilia. The stereocilia are linked so that when they bend in response to a sound or head movement, the whole hair bundle moves as one. A protein called myosin VIIA (MYO7A) is thought to be involved in forming links at the base of stereocilia (so-called ‘ankle links’) and relaying signals from the stereocilia to the rest of the hair cell. However, it is not known how MYO7A interacts with the proteins that make up the ankle links. To address this question. Morgan, Krey et al. developed a new method for isolating groups of proteins from the inner ear of chick embryos that are only found in low quantities. Using this method, it was possible to isolate MYO7A along with other proteins it associates with. One of these proteins – called PDZD7 – is known to be part of ankle links. The next step following on from this work is to use this new method to study other important groups of proteins that are even more scarce in hair bundles.
A social relations model of negative relational disclosures and closeness in families

This study examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal mechanisms underlying family member reports of negative relational disclosures and closeness. Participants included a mother, father, and young adult child from 170 families (N = 510). Social relations analyses revealed that negative relational disclosures and closeness vary across family relationships as a function of actor and relationship effects. Mothers’ reports of negative disclosures from other family members varied primarily as a function of actor effects, whereas their closeness varied as a function of relationship and partner effects. Dyadic reciprocity emerged in both the father–child and spousal relationships. Fathers who received negative disclosures from their spouse and their child were more likely to have both family members report being closer to them, respectively.
Skin manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome

Among the most common diagnostic manifestations of Cushing's syndrome (CS) are those involving the skin; they include violaceous striae, facial acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans (AN), fungal infections, hyperpigmentation (Hp) and easy bruisability. Fortunately, most resolve within a year or two after cure of CS, although light-colored striae can persist for years depending on the age of the patients. AN, Hp, and bruisability usually resolve within months after cure in almost all ages. Facial plethora (along with acne and other facial skin changes) is a typical sign of CS that is due to increased perfusion. It resolves immediately after curative therapy of CS. Typically, the severity of the manifestations does not correlate with the biochemical indices of the disease, pointing to age, gender, genetic and skin-type differences that determine the cutaneous manifestations of CS.
The Milky Way: January-February

The Milky Way at the start of a new year runs diagonally through the constellation Monoceros and in fact the galactic equator runs more or less straight along this path (see Star Chart 2.1). In the early part of January the constellation transits and is at its best for both northern and southern hemisphere observers. When we look out at Monoceros, we are actually peering deep into the Orion Arm of the Galaxy, in the opposite direction to the galactic center in Sagittarius. Many beginner observers are surprised to learn this, as the area is not ablaze with the star fields and dark dust clouds that one normally associates with the Milky Way. Indeed, at first glance the area seems quite empty and barren. However, this is a misconception as there are several open clusters, nebulae and stars that warrant our attention.
Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia With Hearing Loss in US Adults.

Importance Hearing loss in the US adult population is linked to hospitalization, poorer self-reported health, hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco use. Because iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common and easily correctable condition, further understanding of the association between IDA and all types of hearing loss in a population of US adults may help to open new possibilities for early identification and appropriate treatment. Objective To evaluate the association between sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss and IDA in adults aged 21 to 90 years in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants The prevalence of IDA and hearing loss ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 389.1 [SNHL], 389.0 [conductive hearing loss], and 389 [combined hearing loss]) was identified in this retrospective cohort study at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Iron deficiency anemia was determined by low hemoglobin and ferritin levels for age and sex in 305 339 adults aged 21 to 90 years. Associations between hearing loss and IDA were evaluated using χ 2 testing, and logistic regression was used to model the risk of hearing loss among those with IDA. The study was conducted from January 1, 2011, to October 1, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Hearing loss. Results Of 305 339 patients in the study population, 132 551 were men (43.4%); mean (SD) age was 50.1 (18.5) years. There was a 1.6% (n = 4807) prevalence of combined hearing loss and 0.7% (n = 2274) prevalence of IDA. Both SNHL (present in 26 of 2274 individuals [1.1%] with IDA; P = .005) and combined hearing loss (present in 77 [3.4%]; P Conclusions and Relevance Iron deficiency anemia was associated with SNHL and combined hearing loss in a population of adult patients. Further research is needed to better understand the potential links between IDA and hearing loss and whether screening and treatment of IDA in adults could have clinical implications in patients with hearing loss.
Development and implementation of a marine robotics algorithm validation testbed

Clean water is a natural resource that is crucial for life but has very little protection. This was exemplified by the Gold King Mine spill on August 7, 2015, in which three million gallons of acidic mine drainage was released into the head waters of the Animas River. The Animas River is the source for five water supply systems, providing drinking water for tens of thousands of people and irrigation water for a myriad of agricultural operations. Incidents such as this happen regularly and create the need for persistent monitoring of the water in rivers, lakes and reservoirs world wide. To this end, this paper presents the development of a network of three autonomous surface vehicles equipped with water monitoring sensors for water quality monitoring and an algorithm validation testbed. These vehicles are sustained by solar power and equipped with 3G wireless communication for real-time data transmission. Here, we detail the vehicles and the networked system, and provide results from field deployments. An additional outcome of this project is the engagement and collaboration with the local community and the robotic community at large. By making the database view-able to the public the local community can be involved in evaluating the quality of their water. By allowing the public to plan paths for the vehicles, multi-robot sampling algorithms and crowd-sourced control techniques can be methodically developed and systematically analyzed.
KEY ISSUES FOR REMOTE INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF A TOKAMAK

The maintenance of radioactive components in nuclear fission and fusion plants is similar in many respects. Because of the similarities, a broad base of technology exists on nuclear fission, which can be applied to fusion. Fusion machines, however, do have significantly more complex configurations and unique maintenance needs that can only be satisfied with new developments.
Surveillance Neck Sonography After Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Locally Recurrent and Metastatic Disease

A sonographic examination of the neck performed 6 to 12 months after thyroid surgery in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is strongly recommended by the American Thyroid Association and considered mandatory by the European Thyroid Association for locoregional surveillance. The aim of this article is to review the normal anatomic changes expected after thyroid surgery and the pathologic mimics of thyroid carcinoma recurrence in post-thyroidectomy patients as they appear on neck sonography. We hope to offer some pearls to increase diagnostic confidence in this setting.
Microstructural packing- and rheology-based binder selection and characterization for Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC)

Abstract This paper reports strategies to design the binder phase of ultra-high performance concretes (UHPC) from commonly available cement replacement (fly ash, slag, microsilica, metakaolin) and fine filler (limestone) materials. A packing algorithm is used to extract the number density, mean centroidal distance, and coordination number of the microstructure. Similarly, rheological studies on the pastes provide yield stress, plastic viscosity, and min-slump spread. The selection criteria involves using the three microstructural and three rheological parameters individually or in combination to define packing and flow coefficients. The selection criteria is flexible enough to allow users modify the constraints depending on the application. In this study, only ternary and quaternary blends, with a total cement replacement of 30% by mass are selected for further characterization. The highly efficient microstructural packing in these mixtures and better workability that facilitated dispersion of particles to enhance the reactivity results in beneficial pore structure and mechanical properties.
Intraoperative Seizures: Anesthetic and Antiepileptic Drugs.

Background Epilepsy is a common condition with up to 1% prevalence in the general population. In the perioperative course of neurologic surgery patients, the use of prophylactic and therapeutic antiepileptic drugs is a common practice. Nonetheless, there is limited evidence supporting the use of prophylactic antiepileptics to prevent perioperative seizures and there are no guidelines for which anesthetic technique is preferred. Objective To discuss the seizurogenic potential of anesthetic drugs and to discuss intraoperative seizures in neurosurgical patients. Method We performed a search of the literature available in PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE. We also included articles identified in the review of the references of these articles. Results The incidence of seizures is heterogenic among neurosurgical patients. Seizure prophylaxis is widely administered despite limited available evidence of its effectiveness. In epileptic patients, the recommendation is to continue antiepileptic drugs in the perioperative setting. In these patients, anesthesiologists may also limit the use of medications that alter the seizure threshold and avoid medications that pose significant pharmacological interaction with antiepileptic drugs. Conclusion In conclusion, a knowledgeable multidisciplinary perioperative team is essential to avoid, identify and treat intraoperative seizures competently. In patients with a history of epilepsy it is recommended to continue antiepileptic therapy. Therefore, clinical judgment should guide the decision of administering seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgery patients according to an individual assessment of potential risk for seizures. Furthermore, there is a need for randomized controlled trials that support new protocols and/or guidelines for anesthetic and perioperative regimens to prevent and treat intraoperative seizures.
Kinematics of Contact

Most of the forces applied to engineering components arise from contact with one or more other components. The contact may be nominally static as in the case of components that are bolted together or assembled by a shrink fit, or it may involve relative motion, as in the case of meshing gear teeth or the contact between a brake pad and disc. In both cases, the contact can give rise to significantly enhanced local stresses, implying the possibility of local material failure. Furthermore, the transmission of force across a contact is affected by the local microtopography and may involve local sliding, with consequent energy dissipation and the generation of heat.
Overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL transgenes and photoreceptor degeneration.

Purpose. To test the hypothesis that overexpression of genes coding for the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 or Bcl-X L in photoreceptor cells may prevent or delay photoreceptor degenerations. Methods. Transgenic mice were generated in which the brl-2 or bcl-X L transgenes were expressed in photoreceptor cells under the transcriptional control of a rhodopsin gene promoter. Bcl-2 or brl-X L transgenic mice were crossed separately to a mouse strain carrying the rd/rd mutation and to another mouse line carrying a dominant rhodopsin gene mutation ; both genetic defects result in photoreceptor degeneration. Photoreceptor cell death in mice expressing one of the bcl transgenes and carrying either the rd mutation homozygously or the rhodopsin mutation heterozygously was examined by histologic and electroretinographic measurements. Bcl-2 and bcl-X L transgenic mice also were tested for possible resistance to light-induced photoreceptor damage under two different experimental conditions. Results. Bcl-2 or bcl-X L transgenes were expressed in photoreceptor cells of all lines of transgenic mice. In both the rd and the rhodopsin mutant mice, expression of either bcl-2 or bcl-X L transgenes did not prevent or measurably delay photoreceptor degeneration. Apoptosis-related nuclear DNA fragmentation, as assessed by in situ labeling with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, was present in 13-day-old rd/rd mouse retinas with or without transgene expression. Twelve days after exposure to 2 hours of high-intensity light, bcl-2 transgenic mice retained approximately four rows of photoreceptor cells in the central retina as compared to none in littermate controls, whereas bcl-X L . transgenic mice showed no increased resistance to light damage. Expression of the bcl-2 but not the bcl-X L transgene also was associated with a reduction in rhodopsin content. Conclusions. Overexpression of bcl-2 or bcl-X L transgenes does not rescue photoreceptor cells from apoptosis caused by the two genetic mutations tested. Resistance to light damage seen in the bcl-2 transgenic mice is likely from a reduction in rhodopsin content rather than an anti-cell death activity of Bcl-2. Cell death pathways not regulated by Bcl-2 may be operative in photoreceptor degeneration.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on Effect of Process Parameters on Coatings during Cold Spray Process

Abstract Cold Spray (CS) process is a deposition process in which micron-to-nano sized solid particles are deposited on a substrate using high-velocity impacts. Unlike thermal spray processes, CS process does not melt the particles thus retaining their original physical and chemical properties. These characteristics make CS process ideal for various engineering applications. Though CS process offers excellent promises, the realization of its full potential is limited by lack of understanding of the effects of critical process parameters on the deposition process. This study aims to understand the effects of critical process parameters including impact velocity, the angle of impact and particle size at atomistic scale on the coating quality involved in CS process of metal particles using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation technique. The focus of this study is on the coating of nanoparticles during cold spray process even though the results of this study can be extended to the micron regime because the larger particles tend to break into smaller fragments after the impact. The study found that the quality of deposition is highest for an impact velocity of 500-700 m/s, the particle size of 20 A and an impact angle of 90°. The findings of this study can help improve the coating quality during CS process.
Prosthesis: From Grammar to Medicine in the Earliest History of the Word

This article provides an examination of the earliest history of the term prosthesis in English, re-evaluating other such histories with previously unrecognized archival material from early printed books. These sources include sixteenth- and seventeenth-century early printed books such as handbooks of grammar, English dictionaries, British Latin dictionaries, and medical treatises on surgery. Such an investigation reveals both a more nuanced trajectory of the early history of the word in English and fuller context for a shift in meaning from usages in the study of grammar and rhetoric to the study of medicine and surgery. This narrative, then, speaks to the growth of medical knowledge and discourse in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as concepts about disability that remain part of disability studies even in the present field.
Disentangling language from disability: Teacher implementation of Tier 1 English language development policies for ELs with suspected disabilities

Abstract Educators have long struggled to properly identify English learners (ELs) for special education. Response to intervention (RTI) policies intend to help rule out lack of opportunity to learn English as the cause of ELs' challenges. To this end, RTI must include high-quality Tier 1 English language development (ELD). This study examines teachers’ “capacity and will” (Mclaughlin, 1987) to implement RTI and ELD instructional policies for ELs with suspected disabilities. It addresses a gap in the literature regarding how teachers approach policies meant to improve special education identification for ELs and identifies mechanisms that inhibit proper disentangling of language from disabilities.
The role of trait anxiety in the selection of emotion regulation strategies and subsequent effectiveness

Abstract This study examined the role of trait anxiety in emotion regulation strategy selection and the effectiveness of the chosen strategy in regulating momentary anxiety. In anticipation of a stressful speech task, 97 undergraduates chose one of three emotion regulation strategies—reappraisal, distraction, and venting—to regulate their anxiety. Changes in anxiety from pre- to post-regulation were assessed via self-report and psychophysiological responses including markers of both sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. Results revealed that lower levels of trait anxiety were significantly associated with greater likelihood of choosing distraction over reappraisal and venting. Trait anxiety did not moderate the relationship between choice of strategy and self-reported anxiety or SNS activity. In contrast, trait anxiety significantly moderated the relationship between choice of strategy and PNS activity. Among those with lower trait anxiety, reappraisal was associated with significantly greater physiological recovery from anxiety than distraction, while venting was associated with significantly less physiological recovery than distraction. In contrast, among those with higher trait anxiety, all three strategies were equally ineffective. Implications for the role of trait anxiety in selection and effective utilization of emotion regulation strategies are discussed.
Root causing flaky tests in a large-scale industrial setting

In today’s agile world, developers often rely on continuous integration pipelines to help build and validate their changes by executing tests in an efficient manner. One of the significant factors that hinder developers’ productivity is flaky tests—tests that may pass and fail with the same version of code. Since flaky test failures are not deterministically reproducible, developers often have to spend hours only to discover that the occasional failures have nothing to do with their changes. However, ignoring failures of flaky tests can be dangerous, since those failures may represent real faults in the production code. Furthermore, identifying the root cause of flakiness is tedious and cumbersome, since they are often a consequence of unexpected and non-deterministic behavior due to various factors, such as concurrency and external dependencies. As developers in a large-scale industrial setting, we first describe our experience with flaky tests by conducting a study on them. Our results show that although the number of distinct flaky tests may be low, the percentage of failing builds due to flaky tests can be substantial. To reduce the burden of flaky tests on developers, we describe our end-to-end framework that helps identify flaky tests and understand their root causes. Our framework instruments flaky tests and all relevant code to log various runtime properties, and then uses a preliminary tool, called RootFinder, to find differences in the logs of passing and failing runs. Using our framework, we collect and publicize a dataset of real-world, anonymized execution logs of flaky tests. By sharing the findings from our study, our framework and tool, and a dataset of logs, we hope to encourage more research on this important problem.
Learning migraine self-management: the role of mothers and socioeconomic status.

Abstract Self-management is key for improving migraine-related outcomes, which differ by socioeconomic status. As with other conditions, social networks may play a role in learning migraine self-management strategies, yet research in this area is lacking. We interviewed 6 women on how, and from whom, they learned to self-manage migraine. These exploratory, qualitative findings suggest migraine self-management strategies were learned from trusted migraineurs, predominantly mothers and grandmothers. Strategies varied between women with higher and lower socioeconomic status. We call for additional research on how social learning affects current self-management to guide providers in understanding and optimizing migraine self-management counseling with patients.
Comprehensive Study of Partially Shaded PV Modules With Overlapping Diodes

Bypass diodes are usually connected in PV modules to reduce the impact of partial shading. There are two configurations of the bypass diodes used in commercially available PV modules: non-overlapping bypass diodes, in which each diode is separately connected to a unique group of series PV cells, and overlapping bypass diodes, in which the diodes are connected to mutual PV cells. Because almost all PV studies are based on non-overlapping configuration, the effects of the diodes are well understood. On the other hand, a complete analysis for the effects of the overlapped bypass diodes on the performance of the PV module has not been yet systematically disclosed. Moreover, there is still no available mathematical formulation to model such PV modules without the use of circuit simulations. This paper first derives a mathematical modeling approach to simulate overlapped PV modules and then provides a comprehensive study and analysis for the effect of overlapped bypass diodes on the electrical response of PV module under a wide variety of possible shading levels to fully understand their effects and impact. Moreover, it reveals their effects on partial shading power losses, and on the hot spot formation, which both have not yet been investigated in the literature of overlapped PV modules. Their possible negative effects on the efficiency of micro inverters are also illustrated. The results are validated both using Matlab Simulink and experimentally.
Resolving Spliceosomal Malfunctions Advances RNA-Based Therapeutics

Spliceosomes comprise small nuclear (sn)RNAs and proteins. Through genome-wide analyses in large-scale tumor samples, recent studies by Shuai et al., Suzuki et al., and Inoue et al. have identified recurrent spliceosomal mutations that induced genome-wide splicing alterations of cancer-related genes to promote malignancy. These discoveries suggest novel RNA-based therapeutics in anticancer treatment.
Association Between Brain Volumes and Patterns of Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

BACKGROUND Larger brain volumes are often associated with more free-living physical activity (PA) in cognitively normal older adults. Yet, whether greater brain volumes are associated with more favorable (less fragmented) PA patterns, and whether this association is stronger than with total PA, remains unknown. METHODS Brain magnetic resonance imaging and wrist-worn accelerometer data were collected in 301 participants (mean age = 77 [SD = 7] years, 59% women) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Linear regression models were fit to examine whether brain volumes (cc) were cross-sectionally associated with: (a) total daily PA minutes and (b) activity fragmentation (mean number of PA bouts / total PA minutes × 100). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for counterpart PA variables (eg, fragmentation covariate included in the PA minutes model). RESULTS Greater white matter volumes in the parietal and temporal lobes were associated with higher daily PA minutes (2.6 [SE = 1.0] and 3.8 [0.9] min/day, respectively; p < .009 for both) after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, medical conditions, gait speed, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and intracranial volume. Greater temporal white matter volume was associated with lower fragmentation (-0.16% [0.05], p = .003). In sensitivity analyses, observed associations between brain volumes and daily PA minutes remained significant while associations with fragmentation no longer remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest white matter brain structure in cognitively normal older adults is associated with the total amount of PA and, to a lesser extent, the PA accumulation patterns. More work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between brain structure and function and PA patterns with aging.
Assessing the Clinical Utility of the Early Postoperative Pharyngogram in Hypopharyngeal Surgery for Dysphagia.

Objectives/hypothesis To evaluate the clinical utility of postoperative contrast x-ray pharyngograms (XRP) for detecting pharyngoesophageal leaks following hypopharyngeal dysphagia surgery. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Medical records were reviewed of patients undergoing endoscopic (E-) or open (O-) Zenker's diverticulectomy (-ZD) with cricopharyngeal myotomy (-CPM) and CPM alone from 2008 to 2020 at one academic institution. Exclusion criteria were patients who were fed enterally or underwent repair of epiphrenic diverticula or O-CPM during laryngectomy. XRP clinical indication, impact on clinical care, and factors associated with use patterns were examined using descriptive statistics and logistic regression (LR). Results Of 152 subjects, 52% underwent O-ZD, 30% O-CPM, 15% E-ZD, and 3% E-CPM. An XRP was ordered for 65% of subjects, mostly routinely (94%). Among the four clinically apparent leaks observed in this cohort, early postoperative XRP confirmed one. It did not identify any clinically silent leaks. In univariate LR, undergoing XRP was associated with increasing day of diet advancement (odds ratio [OR] 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-10.5) and hospital stay duration (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.1-5.2), as well as surgeon specialty of otolaryngology compared to general surgery (OR 12.8, 95% CI 4.8-40.8) and procedure sub-type (O-CPM: OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.002-0.16). In multivariate LR, the following variables were significantly associated with XRP use: hospital stay (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-3.0), otolaryngology (OR 105; 95% CI 15.4-2193), O-CPM (OR 0.03; 95% CI 0.002-0.16), and E-CPM (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.002-0.60). Conclusions Prospective, multi-institutional studies are needed to confirm the low clinical utility we observed of early, postoperative XRP following hypopharyngeal surgery for dysphagia. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Glycol assisted efficient conversion of CO2 captured from air to methanol with a heterogeneous Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst

Abstract A highly effective liquid phase system for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using a heterogeneous Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst under batch conditions was developed. Among the screened solvents, glycols were found to have a marked promoting effect on methanol formation at a relatively low temperature range of 170–200 °C using molecular H2. Relative to the solventless system, ethylene glycol enhanced the CO2 conversion values by up to 120% which is close to the calculated equilibrium limit. CH3OH yields of up to 90% were achieved. The catalyst was remarkably stable and recyclable over multiple hydrogenation cycles. Furthermore, CO2 captured by alkali hydroxides as well as amines were successfully hydrogenated to CH3OH with the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for the first time with >90% yields. The catalytic process and the plausible reaction pathways were evaluated by control experiments, which suggest that the hydrogenation in the presence of an alcohol proceeds through the formation of formate ester as an intermediate. Finally, the integration of direct air capture (DAC) and hydrogenation of CO2 was demonstrated efficiently as a novel methanol synthesis process using the combination of heterogeneous catalysis and air as a renewable carbon source. Such scalable processes have considerable potential for synthesis of renewable methanol in an efficient and relatively cost-effective approach.
Cisplatin up-regulates adenosine A1 receptors in rat testes

Abstract Reactive oxygen species contribute to male infertility by reducing sperm function. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that reactive oxygen species stimulate the expression of adenosine A 1 receptor which confers cytoprotection in a variety of tissues. Since the adenosine A 1 receptor is highly expressed in the testis, the goal of this study was to determine whether this testicular adenosine A 1 receptor could also be regulated in vivo by reactive oxygen species. Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent shown to alter testicular function, was used to generate reactive oxygen species in vivo. Testes obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats treated with cisplatin (8 mg kg −1 ) demonstrate increased lipid peroxidation and induction of heat shock protein by day 3. In addition, radioligand binding and Western blotting studies indicate an increase in testicular adenosine A 1 receptor in these rats. Scatchard analysis of [ 3 H]8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) binding data indicates a significant increase in adenosine A 1 receptor number ( B max ) from 309±77 to 540±69 fmol mg −1 protein in the cisplatin-treated group. The respective equilibrium dissociation constants ( K d s) were 3.2±1.5 and 3.0±0.7 nM for the control and cisplatin-treated groups, respectively. Northern blotting analysis of rat testicular poly (A) + RNA indicates two adenosine A 1 receptor transcripts migrating at 3.4 and 5.6 kb, whose combined levels were increased by 49.3±9.3% following cisplatin treatment. These results indicate that cisplatin enhances adenosine A 1 receptor expression in the rat testis, possibly through promotion of oxidative stress.