cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pollen foraging in Osmia lignaria propinqua (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).

Pollen analysis from nest provisions of two populations of Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson from the same valley over a 2-yr period showed a seasonal pattern beginning with willow, Salix spp. (Salicaceae), and progressing to bitter brush, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae). Population I used twice as many pollen species but had similar niche breadths and constancy measures to Population II. There was a yearly difference in the percentage of the dominant pollens collected. The percentage of cells with one pollen showed between year, population, and season differences. There were no differences in the populations' nesting successor offspring production. The foraging differences apparently resulted from the proximity of the dominant pollens, Salix and Purshia , to the nest sites. Salix was a minimum of 600 m (one way) from Population I, but only 300 m from Population II. Purshia was within 200m of both populations. The increased distance traveled by Population I bees allowed foraging on other pollen sources: Camassia (Liliaceae), Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae), Delphinium (Ranunculaceae), Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae), and Potentilla (Rosaceae). These pollen species were available within 200 m but were rarely used by Population II. Bees were using as dominant pollen sources cornucopian species in the form of shrubs or small trees having showy floral displays of flowers with exposed, erect anthers extending beyond the petals.
A Computational Steering System for Studying Microwave Interactions with Space-Borne Bodies

This paper describes a computer modeling and simulation systemthat supports computational steering, which is an effort to makethe typical simulation workflow more efficient. Our system providesan interface that allows scientists to perform all of the stepsin the simulation process in parallel and online. It uses a standardnetwork flow visualization package, which has been extended todisplay graphical output in an immersive virtual environment suchas a CAVE. Our system allows scientists to interactively manipulatesimulation parameters and observe the results. It also supportsinverse steering, where the user specifies the desired simulationresult, and the system searches for the simulation parameters thatachieve this result. Taken together, these capabilities allow scientiststo more efficiently and effectively understand model behavior,as well as to search through simulation parameter space.This paper is also a case study of applying our system to theproblem of simulating microwave interactions with missile bodies.Because these interactions are difficult to study experimentally, andhave important effects on missile electronics, there is a strong desireto develop and validate simulation models of this phenomena.
Effect of exogenous superinfection on naturally acquired bovine tuberculosis in inbred rabbits.

Summary and DiscussionUnder conditions of natural intense exposure to virulent bovine bacilli, rabbits of high and low genetic resistance to tuberculosis were not benefited by cessation of the exposure after the onset of the disease. The disease pursued its characteristic course whether exogenous superinfection took place or not.That the course of the disease in the rabbits of low genetic resistance was not affected by the cessation of exposure after the onset of the disease may have been anticipated from previous data2 where it was shown that in the C family the disease pursued the same fulminating course whether acquired under conditions of high or low intensities of contagion. In the resistant family A interruption of the contagion after the onset of the disease tended to retard somewhat the progression of the disease. However, the difference was slight. It is clear therefore that exogenous superinfection after the acquisition of a positive tuberculin reaction does not explain the intensification of th...
Button-down terror : The metamorphosis of the hate movement

Abstract This paper explores the extent to which the hate movement in the United States has taken on a new, modern face. The strength of the contemporary hate movement is grounded in its ability to repackage its message in ways that make it more palatable, and in its ability to exploit the points of intersection between itself and prevailing ideological canons. In short, the hate movement is attempting to move itself into the mainstream of United States culture and politics. I conclude by arguing that antiracist and antiviolence organizations must continue to confront hate groups through legal challenges, monitoring, and education.
Information Theory and Log-Likelihood Models: A Basis for Model Selection and Inference

Full reality cannot be included in a model; thus we seek a good model to approximate the effects or factors supported by the empirical data. The selection of an appropriate approximating model is critical to statistical inference from many types of empirical data. This chapter introduces concepts from information theory (see Guiasu 1977), which has been a discipline only since the mid-1940s and covers a variety of theories and methods that are fundamental to many of the sciences (see Cover and Thomas 1991 for an exciting overview; Fig. 2.1 is produced from their book and shows their view of the relationship of information theory to several other fields). In particular, the Kullback—Liebler “distance,” or “information,” between two models (Kullback and Leibler 1951) is introduced, discussed, and linked to Boltzmann’s entropy in this chapter. Akaike (1973) found a simple relationship between the Kullback—Liebler distance and Fisher's maximized log-likelihood function (see deLeeuw 1992 for a brief review). This relationship leads to a simple, effective, and very general methodology for selecting a parsimonious model for the analysis of empirical data.
Gene Expression Based Computation Methods for Alzheimer's Disease Progression using Hippocampal Volume Loss and MMSE Scores

Personalized relevance parameterization methods (PReP-AD) based on artificial intelligence computation techniques are introduced to investigate the impact of gene expressions on Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Our PReP-AD methods make use of the expressions of the genes that affect AD-related protein biomarkers (e.g., Aβ1-42 and tau proteins), mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores and hippocampal volume measurements from ADNI database for the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediate stage from normal cognition to AD. For MCI patients, disease progression is computed with PReP-AD-MMSE and PReP-AD-HVL methods, where the former utilizes the change in MMSE scores and the latter based on the rate of hippocampal volume loss over time. The performance of both methods are assessed with an algorithm implemented using leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV). The cognitive changes of AD patients with MCI stage are detected with both our MMSE score and hippocampal volume based computation methods. We observe an average error rate of 4.8% with PReP-AD-MMSE over a 72-month period and 1.63% with PReP-AD-HVL over 12 months. The promising results indicate that artificial intelligence based computation methods can be utilized to build decision support tools for AD progression.
Small bowel volvulus in pregnancy with associated superior mesenteric artery occlusion

Here we report the case of a pregnant 28-year-old who presented with acute upper abdominal pain. CT demonstrated midgut volvulus with short segment occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Emergent detorsion of the small bowel was performed, at which time underlying intestinal malrotation was discovered. Following detorsion, the SMA had a bounding pulse and did not require thrombectomy or revascularization. Fewer than 25 cases of midgut volvulus during pregnancy have been reported over the past 20years. To our knowledge, this is the first report of maternal midgut volvulus in which imaging captures the resultant occlusion of the SMA.
Inventory Planning and Control

Inventory planning and control are crucial in most organizations, including manufacturing, wholesale, grocery stores, retail businesses, the auto industry, military, and government. The investment tied up in inventory is substantial compared to the total assets of many companies. In the United States, the total annual inventory asset is about 25% of the U.S. gross domestic product. In traditional manufacturing companies, this ratio is about 40% of capital investments. Therefore, it is not surprising that inventory planning is one of the oldest fields of study in production, manufacturing, and operation systems. Around the beginning of the twentieth century, the first inventory models were created, and intensive research on inventory planning was conducted. The economic order quantity model, developed by Ford Harris in 1913, is a fundamental approach for planning and controlling inventory. This basic model served as a basis upon which more encompassing models were developed at the end of twentieth century. The inventory planning and control methods have evolved along with just-in-time (JIT), supply chain management, and Internet-based business systems.
MSR-CNN: Applying motion salient region based descriptors for action recognition

In recent years the most popular video-based human action recognition methods rely on extracting feature representations using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and then using these representations to classify actions. In this work, we propose a fast and accurate video representation that is derived from the motion-salient region (MSR), which represents features most useful for action labeling. By improving a well-performed foreground detection technique, the region of interest (ROI) corresponding to actors in the foreground in both the appearance and the motion field can be detected under various realistic challenges. Furthermore, we propose a complementary motion salient measure to select a secondary ROI - the major moving part of the human. Accordingly, a MSR-based CNN descriptor (MSR-CNN) is formulated to recognize human action, where the descriptor incorporates appearance and motion features along with tracks of MSR. The computation can be efficiently implemented due to two characteristics: 1) only part of the RGB image and the motion field need to be processed; 2) less data is used as input for the CNN feature extraction. Comparative evaluation on JHMDB and UCF Sports datasets shows that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in both efficiency and accuracy.
Time-Stamped Event Histories: A Real-Time Programming Object 1

Abstract A case is made for providing direct support for time-stamped event histories (TEHs) in real-time programs. The paper describes a notation for TEHs, gives some programming examples, discusses an implementation, and concludes with some research issues.
Gastric Cancer: Gastrointestinal Features

Gastric cancer consists of primary malignant lesions in any part of the stomach. This group is thought to cause about 800,000 deaths per year worldwide. Unfortunately, this disease often causes no or nonspecific symptoms in early stages and does not manifest itself until late stages are reached.
Sugars, antioxidant enzymes and IAA mediate salicylic acid to prevent rice spikelet degeneration caused by heat stress

Salicylic acid (SA) can alleviate damage to rice plants induced by heat stress, but its role in preventing spikelet degeneration under high-temperature stress has not been documented. Rice plants pretreated with SA (0–50 mmol L−1) were subjected to heat stress at 40 °C at the pollen mother cell meiosis stage for 10 days. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in grain yields and yield components among rice plants that were exogenously sprayed with SA (0–50 mmol L−1) under natural conditions. Under heat stress, the grain yield, spikelet number per panicle and setting rate in response to SA treatments were higher than under the control (0 mmol L−1 SA or NON-SA) treatment, especially with 1 and 10 mmol L−1 SA. A higher grain yield, spikelet number per panicle and setting rate were recorded in these two SA treatments compared with the NON-SA treatment. During this process, soluble sugars, proline, phytohormones including ABA, GA3, BRs, IAA, ZR and JA, and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were induced by SA. Moreover, soluble sugars, IAA, POD and APX in the spikelets with SA treatments were not only higher than with the NON-SA treatment but the changing patterns were also similar to that of the spikelet number per panicle under natural conditions and heat stress. Therefore, our results suggest that sugars, antioxidant enzymes and IAA might mediate SA to prevent spikelet degeneration caused by heat stress.
Myoclonic Status Epilepticus

Myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE) is an epileptic condition in which myoclonic seizures persist for more than 30 min. Based on etiology, MSE has been classified by Gastaut into primary, secondary, and symptomatic forms of MSE. The clinical and electrographic characteristics of different syndromes that can present with MSE will be discussed in this chapter, as well as implications and treatment of this complex condition.
Vom Gipfel in den Abgrund

Nach meiner Ruckkehr aus London Ende Marz 1949 wurde ich im rumanischen Ausenministerium zum Leiter des Direktorats furWirtschaftsangelegenheiten ernannt. Zum Zustandigkeitsbereich dieser neuen Abteilung gehorten – mit Ausnahme des Handels – alle Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zum Ausland; die Handelsbeziehungen oblagen dem Handelsministerium.
Patient Safety/Quality Improvement Primer, Part I: What PS/QI Means to Your Otolaryngology Practice.

Patient safety/quality improvement (PS/QI) is the cornerstone of 21st-century health care. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery is excited to provide a dedicated PS/QI primer. The overarching goal ...
Physicians’ Remote Call-in Network

Physicians affiliated with LDS Hospital may use PCs to access patient information contained in the HELP system from their homes or offices
WHERE THE SUN IS: A Brief Review of Solar Geometry for Architectural Designers

The following discussion and illustrations of sun-angle geometry provide a brief overview and reference for architectural students and practitioners involved with sun-shading design. The basics of solar geometry should be well understood by architects worldwide so that the sun is used in every building to augment human comfort and to reduce energy cost. Indeed, to know “where the sun is” could be considered one of the elemental tasks of architectural design analysis.
Severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions during treatment of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection in Tanzania

Concurrent infection with HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is increasingly common in East Africa. In the past, a drug regimen consisting of 2 months of intramuscular streptomycin plus 12 months of isoniazid and thiacetazone has been used in tuberculosis control programs with acceptable efficacy and low incidence of adverse reactions. Anecdotal reports of increasing cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome prompted a 2 month prospective search for cases of severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Five such patients were admitted to a single ward during this time, 4 of whom were HIV-seropositive and all of whom were being treated with isoniazid and thiacetazone. These findings have implications for the management of tuberculosis in East Africa and perhaps other countries with high prevalence of both HIV-1 and tuberculosis.
Effect of Chordwise Slots on Aerodynamic Efficiency and Wingtip Vortex

The balance of induced and parasite drag and the rollup process of wingtip vortex from a NACA 0012 wing was affected by allowing the freestream to pass through chordwise slots connecting the leadin...
A novel method for quantifying traction forces on hexagonal micropatterned protein features on deformable poly-dimethyl siloxane sheets

Abstract Many methods exist for quantifying cellular traction forces, including traction force microscopy and microfabricated post arrays. However, these methodologies have limitations, including a requirement to remove cells to determine undeflected particle locations and the inability to quantify forces of cells with low cytoskeletal stiffness, respectively. Here we present a novel method of traction force quantification that eliminates both of these limitations. Through the use of a hexagonal pattern of microcontact-printed protein spots, a novel computational algorithm, and thin surfaces of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) blends, we demonstrate a system that: • quantifies cellular forces on a homogeneous surface that is stable and easily manufactured. • utilizes hexagonal patterns of protein spots and computational geometry to quantify cellular forces without need for cell removal. • quantifies cellular forces in cells with low cytoskeletal rigidity.
Research on Physician Burnout and Wellbeing: A Solution-Oriented Perspective

If we believe that healthcare and our health systems are important, then we need to pay attention to the wellbeing and engagement of healthcare professionals. The work of health professionals drives all the clinical- and health-related processes in our health systems. If our healthcare professionals cannot consistently perform well, organizational leadership is not paying enough attention to the human factors in productivity, safety, and quality.
Dehydration risk factors and impact after bariatric surgery: an analysis using a national database

Abstract Background Dehydration is a common complication after bariatric surgery and often quoted as the reason for emergency department (ED) visits and readmission. Objective We sought to investigate risk factors for dehydration after bariatric surgery and evaluate its impact on ED visits and readmission. Setting The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database. Methods We used the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database to identify patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) from 2016 through 2017. The primary outcome was need for outpatient treatment of dehydration within 30 days postsurgery. Secondary outcomes were association between need for outpatient dehydration therapy and 30-day readmission or ED evaluation not resulting in admission. Results Of 256,817 patients, 73% underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and 27% LRYGB. Of 9592 patients who required dehydration treatment, they were more often younger than age 40, female, black, had a ≥3-day length of stay during their index admission, and experienced a postoperative complication. More patients receiving LRYGB than laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy required treatment for dehydration. On multivariable analysis, independent-risk factors for postoperative dehydration treatment included LRYGB, length of stay ≥3 days, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, previous deep vein thrombosis, chronic steroid/immunosuppression, and a postoperative complication. Patients who developed dehydration requiring treatment compared with those that did not had adjusted odds ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval: 3.44–3.96; P Conclusion Dehydration is a strong risk factor for postoperative ED visits and readmission. Closer surveillance and proactive measures for those at higher risk may prevent the development of postoperative dehydration.
Within-task variability on standardized language tests predicts autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study of the Response Dispersion Index

Qualitatively atypical language development characterized by non-sequential skill acquisition within a developmental domain, which has been called developmental deviance or difference, is a common characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We developed the Response Dispersion Index (RDI), a measure of this phenomenon based on intra-subtest scatter of item responses on standardized psychometric assessments, to assess the within-task variability among individuals with language impairment (LI) and/or ASD. Standard clinical assessments of language were administered to 502 individuals from the New Jersey Language and Autism Genetics Study (NJLAGS) cohort. Participants were divided into four diagnostic groups: unaffected, ASD-only, LI-only, and ASD + LI. For each language measure, RDI was defined as the product of the total number of test items and the sum of the weight (based on item difficulty) of test items missed. Group differences in RDI were assessed, and the relationship between RDI and ASD diagnosis among individuals with LI was investigated for each language assessment. Although standard scores were unable to distinguish the LI-only and ASD/ASD + LI groups, the ASD/ASD + LI groups had higher RDI scores compared to LI-only group across all measures of expressive, pragmatic, and metalinguistic language. RDI was positively correlated with quantitative ASD traits across all subgroups and was an effective predictor of ASD diagnosis among individuals with LI. The RDI is an effective quantitative metric of developmental deviance/difference that correlates with ASD traits, supporting previous associations between ASD and non-sequential skill acquisition. The RDI can be adapted to other clinical measures to investigate the degree of difference that is not captured by standard performance summary scores.
Modeling Reliability of Threshold Weighted Indecisive Voting Systems

In industry, the method of hypothesis acceptance based on available information is widely used in applications such as system modeling. Xie and Pham modeled the reliability of weighted threshold voting systems with a general recursive reliability function in human organization systems. As an extended study, we introduce a generalized weighted indecisive-voting $n$ -unit system using a new decision rule consisting both a threshold parameter $\tau $ and a new indecisive parameter $\theta $ . In general, indecision happens due to limited information, and an indecisive parameter is then applied if no decision is made. System reliability $R$ is calculated to show the system performance. Main results imply a strong dependence of system performance on decision rule and large potential of model adjustment via parameter initialization. The contribution of this article is that we introduce the indecisive effect to make the model more adjustable for specific needs.
Magnetoelectric composite materials: a research and development case study

Abstract Multiferroic research boom started in the early 1970s, primarily with the scientific interest on single-phase materials possessing both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic effects to discover the polarization-magnetization coupling effect. Because we could not find a significant and useful coupling between P and M at room temperature, this first boom diminished. However, after the 2000s, because of the strong demand for detecting the noise magnetic field in the environmental safety monitoring trend, the magneto-electric (ME) device development restarted recently (i.e., Engineering Renaissance) by using “composite” structures. This chapter describes first the multiferroic materials researched in the 1970s, followed by the history of ME composites. Then, we introduce basically the development philosophy of the ICAT/Penn State group, designing principle of the ME composites in terms of the following items: (1) piezoelectric materials choice, (2) dependence on sample geometry, thickness of the disks, (3) magnetostriction direction dependence, (4) magnetic field direction. In the latter part, we describe the magnetic sensor and energy harvesting applications. Finally, summary and the future outlook are discussed.
Review of Studies on Innovation System of Agricultural Science and Technology in China

As an important suport for developing agriculture in China,agricultural science and technology innovation is a key link for realizing the strategy of developing agriculture by science and technology. This paper seriousely sorted the recent research progress about agricultural science and technology innovation from domestic scholars,and carried out systematic analysis in 4 aspects including agricultural technology innovation,innovation system of agricultural science and technology, innovative ability and efficiency of agricultural science and technology,innovative subject of agricultural science and technology. Then,the paper summarized its views about agricultural science and technology innovation research and reviewed the research achievements. On this basis,the paper put forward characteristics,deficiencies and problems existing in this research area.
Tinagl1 Gene Therapy Suppresses Growth and Remodels the Microenvironment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most challenging subtypes of breast cancer to treat and is responsible for approximately 12% of breast cancer cases in the US per year. In 2019, the protein Tinagl1 was identified as a key factor for improved prognoses in certain TNBC patients. While the intracellular mechanism of action has been thoroughly studied, little is known about the role of Tinagl1 in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle-based gene therapy to directly target the expression of Tinagl1 in tumor cells for localized expression. Additionally, we sought to characterize the changes to the tumor microenvironment induced by Tinagl1 treatment, with the goal of informing future choices for combination therapies including Tinagl1. We found that Tinagl1 gene therapy was able to slow tumor growth from the first dose and that the effects held steady for nearly a week following the final dose. No toxicity was found with this treatment. Additionally, the use of Tinagl1 increases the tumor vasculature by 3-fold but does not increase the tumor permeability or risk of metastasis. However, the increase in vasculature arising from Tinagl1 therapy reduced the expression of Hif1a significantly (p < 0.01), which may decrease the risk of drug resistance.
Predictors of Parental Accommodations in the Aftermath of Hurricane Harvey

In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey disrupted the lives of millions in the Houston/Galveston gulf coast region, causing injury, loss, and major uncertainty of wellbeing. Natural disasters can influence parent mental health and parenting behaviors, though less is known about how these factors might be associated with parenting accommodations provided to children immediately following a disaster. OBJECTIVE: This study examined parental anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as pre-existing parenting practices (i.e., positive parenting, supervision, discipline) as clinical predictors of parenting accommodations (PA) in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. Parents of children ages 2–17 (n = 130) completed self-report measures approximately one month after Hurricane Harvey. A three-step hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to predict PA from demographic variables (age, income, gender), parental levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSS, and parenting practices. Results indicated that families with lower income, higher rates of inconsistent discipline, and higher levels of parental anxiety reported engaging in greater PA following Hurricane Harvey. Accommodations may be explained in the context of reactive parenting practices aimed at reducing child and parent distress following a natural disaster. Consistent routines, limit-setting, and other positive parenting practices may be important treatment targets to reduce parenting accommodations following a natural disaster.
Three-dimensional phase field modeling of fracture in shape memory ceramics

Abstract Despite the vast applications of transformable ceramics, such as zirconia-based ceramics, in different areas from biomedical to aerospace, the fundamental knowledge about their mechanical degradation procedure is limited. The interaction of the phase transformation and crack growth is crucial as the essential underlying mechanism in fracture of these transformable ceramics, also known as shape memory ceramics. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) multiphysics model that couples the variational formulation of brittle crack growth to the Ginzburg-Landau equations of martensitic transformation. We parameterized the model for the 3D single crystal zirconia, which experienced stress- and thermal-induced tetragonal to monoclinic transformation. The developed 3D model considers all 12 monoclinic variants, making it possible to acquire realistic microstructures. Surface uplifting, self-accommodated martensite pairs formation, and transformed zone fragmentation were observed by the model, which agrees with the experimental observations. The influence of the crystal lattice orientation is investigated in this study, which reveals its profound effects on the transformation toughening and crack propagation path.
PreexposureProphylaxis at School-Based Health Centers: Awareness and Interest in Starting Preexposure Prophylaxis While Attending a School-Based Health Center in New York City.

Introduction Youth aged 13–29 years represent 23% of the population but account for 40% of new HIV diagnoses, with risk peaking at ages 22–23 years. We assessed sexual behaviors, PrEP knowledge and attitudes among patients of 6 School-Based-Health-Centers (SBHCs) located in Northern Manhattan and the Bronx. Method 667 patients, aged 13–19 years, completed a survey in the SBHCs waiting rooms between 10/2018 – 4/2019 Results Of the survey respondents attending SBHCs, 32% reported ever having heard of PrEP and, upon learning of PrEP, 67% stated that would be very likely (35%) or somewhat likely (32%) to take PrEP if it was offered to them free of charge. Discussion Youth of color are disproportionately infected by HIV throughout the US. Efforts are needed to educate adolescents on the benefits of PrEP, SBHCs are well situated to reduce barriers in providing PrEP directly to those who would benefit from its protection..
The anticarcinogenic conjugated fatty acid c9, t11-c18:2, or rumenic acid, in human milk: amounts and effects.

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c9, tl1-C18:2 has been detected in human milk by gas-liquid chromotography (GLC) using standards for tentative identification. The amounts found were: 5.5 mg/g fat, Australia, 1988; and 3.6 mg/g fat, Idaho, 1997. We also employed GLC and standards and confirmed the identity of coeluting peaks by mass spectrometry. Our values were 1.8 ± 0.02 mg/g fat. CLA inhibits growth of several cancers, is antiatherosclerotic, partially overcomes catabolic responses to endotoxin injection, enhances weight gain and improves feed efficiency in rats, and modulates immune response and bone deposition. The dietary sources are ruminant-derived foods, particularly aged cheese.
Analyzing the Perceptual Salience of Audio Features for Musical Emotion Recognition

While the organization of music in terms of emotional affect is a natural process for humans, quantifying it empirically proves to be a very difficult task. Consequently, no acoustic feature or combination thereof has emerged as the optimal representation for musical emotion recognition. Due to the subjective nature of emotion, determining whether an acoustic feature domain is informative requires evaluation by human subjects. In this work, we seek to perceptually evaluate two of the most commonly used features in music information retrieval: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and chroma. Furthermore, to identify emotion-informative feature domains, we explore which musical features are most relevant in determining emotion perceptually, and which acoustic feature domains are most variant or invariant to those changes. Finally, given our collected perceptual data, we conduct an extensive computational experiment for emotion prediction accuracy on a large number of acoustic feature domains, investigating pairwise prediction both in the context of a general corpus as well as in the context of a corpus that is constrained to contain only specific musical feature transformations.
Can we see and hear at the same time? Some recent studies of intersensory facilitation of reaction time.

Visual reaction time is facilitated by a simultaneous auditory event. This finding poses a problem for proponents of a single channel theory of attention since the auditory and visual events should be mediated by different input channels, only one of which is accessible to attention and processing at a time. In order to reconcile this discrepancy with single channel theory, two logically independent models were adduced, both of which assume a non-attentional parallel pathway with properties similar to those ascribed to the recticular formation. The first, or energy integration model, assumes that stimulus intensities may add across modalities causing the joint event to be effectively stronger than the visual event alone. The second or preparatory state model assumes that response preparation, defined as a generalized disposition to make an overt response regardless of the specific nature of the response, may proceed in parallel with specific stimulus and response selection and may be initiated by non-attended stimuli. Evidence was found in separate studies to support both models.
Commercial Control Sera in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory

1. The control of precision and accuracy in a clinical chemistry laboratory can be achieved only by knowledgeable and careful use of "concurrent standardization" together with the use of control sera in routine analysis. That is, within each series of analyses, both reference standards and control sera should be included as the only means by which the ultimate in reliability can be achieved. 2. The use of standard curves or calibration factors can be tolerated only when the pure reference standard is difficult to obtain, prepare, or maintain. In such cases, however, the curves or factors should be rechecked frequently and a control serum analyzed concurrently with the unknown. 3. The manufacturer or supplier should refrain from advertising his product as simultaneously a standard and a control. Secondly, he should ascertain the shelf-life of his product under the most rigorous conditions likely to be encountered and indicate this information on the label of the individual bottle or on the container of that lot of control sera. Finally, he should make every effort to reduce the cost of his product in order to make it practical for the clinical chemistry laboratory to establish and maintain an adequate control system.
Using the Strengths Perspective in the Social Work Interview With Young Adults Who Have Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse

Social work has a long history of problematizing and pathologizing clients, including young adults who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Traditional approaches in social work have focused on working with clients to overcome obstacles, solve problems that stand in their way, and connect clients with resources that they do not possess. Strengths-focused social work interviewing offers an opportunity to reframe the experiences of young adults who have experienced CSA. While there is a gap in the literature on strengths-focused work with young adults who have experienced CSA, we propose that the strengths-focused interview offers an effective shift in thinking for social workers through the use of environmental support, exception, and possibility questions. We conclude that the profession best serves clients when we discover and use strengths, assets, and resources, rather than focusing on problems.
Transmission of lac by the sex factor E in Erwinia strains from human clinical sources.

Abstract Lactose-utilizing (Lac+) strains of Erwinia spp. from human clinical material transfer lac by conjugation to plant strains of Erwinia herbicola and Erwinia amylovora, to other Erwinia strains from human clinical sources, and also to Escherichia coli, Paracolobactrum arizonae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella dysenteriae. The frequency of this transfer varies with the donor and recipient strains employed. The lac genes appear stable in these exconjugants, and they are not cured by acridine orange. The Lac+ exconjugants transfer lac to an Escherichia coli F− Lac− strain; the frequency of this transfer is high with E. herbicola and S. typhimurium exconjugants and relatively low with other exconjugants. The most studied Erwinia donor strain from human clinical material (EH133) and its Lac+ exconjugants are insensitive to the F-specific phage, M13. P1-mediated transduction of lac, by using a Lac+ exconjugant of E. coli as the donor and an E. coli F− Lac− strain as the recipient, revealed that all 50 Lac+ transduced clones tested also inherited donor ability, suggesting a close linkage between the Erwinia sex factor (designated as E) and the lac genes. The E. coli culture harboring E-lac (E and the lac genes linked to it) does not restrict phages T1, T7, and λvir. E-lac is compatible with F'his, R100 drd-56 (F-like), and R64 drd-11 (I-like); cells harboring F'his or one of the R factors do not show super-infection immunity to the incoming E-lac, and E-lac plus one of the other plasmids can coexist stably in the same cell. The fertility of cells harboring F'his or R100 drd-56—as determined by the frequency of conjugal transfer of his or of the resistance determinant (Tetr in case of R100 drd-56) and also by sensitivity to F-specific phage (M13)—is not altered by the presence of E-lac, and this suggests that the sex factor E might belong to the fi− class.
Absolute photometric calibration of IRAC: lessons learned using nine years of flight data

Significant improvements in our understanding of various photometric effects have occurred in the more than nine years of flight operations of the Infrared Array Camera aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. With the accumulation of calibration data, photometric variations that are intrinsic to the instrument can now be mapped with high fidelity. Using all existing data on calibration stars, the array location-dependent photometric correction (the variation of flux with position on the array) and the correction for intra-pixel sensitivity variation (pixel-phase) have been modeled simultaneously. Examination of the warm mission data enabled the characterization of the underlying form of the pixelphase variation in cryogenic data. In addition to the accumulation of calibration data, significant improvements in the calibration of the truth spectra of the calibrators has taken place. Using the work of Engelke et al. (2006), the KIII calibrators have no offset as compared to the AV calibrators, providing a second pillar of the calibration scheme. The current cryogenic calibration is better than 3% in an absolute sense, with most of the uncertainty still in the knowledge of the true flux densities of the primary calibrators. We present the final state of the cryogenic IRAC calibration and a comparison of the IRAC calibration to an independent calibration methodology using the HST primary calibrators.
Frequent loss of heterozygosity at the interferon regulatory factor-1 gene locus in breast cancer

The interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) gene, localized on chromosome 5q31.1, is mutated or rearranged in several cancers including some hematopoietic and gastric cancers. However, whether loss of IRF1 occurs in sporadic breast cancer is unknown. Loss of 5q12-31 is reported in 11% of sporadic breast cancers, and high-resolution array-CGH studies have shown loss at 5q31.1 in 50% of breast cancers with a mutated BRCA1 gene. Functionally, overexpression of IRF1 reduces, and a dominant negative IRF1 construct increases, tumorigenesis of human breast cancer xenografts. Taken together, these observations indicate that the IRF1 gene may play a potentially important role as a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene. In this study, we investigated allelic loss of the IRF1 gene in breast tumor specimens from 52 women with invasive breast cancer using an IRF1 intragenic dinucleotide polymorphic marker. Thirty-seven cases were informative. LOH at the IRF1 locus was detected in 32% of these informative cases (12/37). There was a significant association between IRF1 loss and both older age (P = 0.0167) and earlier stage (Stages 1 and 2) (P = 0.0165). To assess the association of IRF1 mRNA expression with clinical outcomes in breast cancer, we studied data from two published gene expression microarray datasets. In breast cancer patients, low IRF1 mRNA expression is strongly correlated with both risk of recurrence (OR = 3.00; P = 0.003; n = 273 cases) and risk of death (OR = 4.18; P = 0.004; n = 191 cases). Our findings strongly imply a tumor suppressor role for the IRF1 gene in breast cancer.
A REVIEW OF FAMILY INTERVENTION GUIDELINES FOR PEDIATRIC ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURIES

Pediatric acquired brain injury (BI) not only affects the child with the injury, but also greatly impacts their family. Studies suggest there are higher rates of caregiver and sibling psychological distress after a child in the family has sustained a BI. Also, family functioning after BI impacts the child's recovery. In reviewing the literature, we identified seven theoretical clinical guidelines for working with families of children and adolescents with BI. These clinical guidelines are as follows: (1) select developmentally appropriate interventions, (2) match the intervention to the family, (3) provide advocacy, (4) provide injury education, (5) focus on family realignment, (6) appropriately adjust the child's environment, and (7) provide skills training to the family and child. The existing research on family interventions for BI is reviewed within the context of these theoretical guidelines, and the empirical support for each guideline is subsequently evaluated using specific criteria for empirically supported treatments. Unfortunately, very few randomized controlled studies exist, and continued research is needed to classify all clinical guidelines as "efficacious." In addition, continued research will aid in informing professionals of specific approaches to utilize when working with a family of a child with BI. Currently, clinicians and researchers can turn to the existing clinical guidelines to help address the numerous barriers posed by implementing and studying family interventions for pediatric BI.
Vertex colorings without isolates

Abstract Call a vertex of a vertex-colored simple graph isolated if all its neighbors have colors other than its own. A. J. Goldman has asked: When is it possible to color b vertices of a graph black and the remaining w vertices white so that no vertex is isolated? We prove (1) if G is connected and has minimum degree 2, it is always possible unless b or w is 1; (2) if G is 2-connected, then for any pair ( b , w ) there is a coloring in which both monochromatic subgraphs are connected; (3) if G has vertices of degree 1, a necessary condition for a ( b , w ) coloring without isolates to exist is that there be a solution to a certain knapsack inequality. Next, statements generalizing (1) and (2) to n colors are presented, and current knowledge about their truth is discussed. Then various refinements of (1) and (3), more complicated to state and prove, are given. For instance, with the hypotheses of (1) at least one of the monochromatic subgraphs may be chosen to be connected. Also, the necessary knapsack inequality of (3) is, in most cases, sufficient. Throughout, some consideration is given to the algorithmic complexity of coloring (if possible) without isolates. For most graphs which might arise in practice there is an efficient algorithm for the 2-color problem. However, for arbitrary graphs the 2-(or more) color problem is NP-complete.
Mutagenesis and crystallographic studies of the catalytic residues of the papain family protease bleomycin hydrolase: new insights into active-site structure

Bleomycin hydrolase (BH) is a hexameric papain family cysteine protease which is involved in preparing peptides for antigen presentation and has been implicated in tumour cell resistance to bleomycin chemotherapy. Structures of active-site mutants of yeast BH yielded unexpected results. Replacement of the active-site asparagine with alanine, valine or leucine results in the destabilization of the histidine side chain, demonstrating unambiguously the role of the asparagine residue in correctly positioning the histidine for catalysis. Replacement of the histidine with alanine or leucine destabilizes the asparagine position, indicating a delicate arrangement of the active-site residues. In all of the mutants, the C-terminus of the protein, which lies in the active site, protrudes further into the active site. All mutants were compromised in their catalytic activity. The structures also revealed the importance of a tightly bound water molecule which stabilizes a loop near the active site and which is conserved throughout the papain family. It is displaced in a number of the mutants, causing destabilization of this loop and a nearby loop, resulting in a large movement of the active-site cysteine. The results imply that this water molecule plays a key structural role in this family of enzymes.
Human affection exchange: III. discriminative parental solicitude in men's affectionate communication with their biological and nonbiological sons

Although several investigations have addressed the nature of communication in men's relationships with their sons, relatively few have focused on positive interaction patterns, such as the exchange of affection, even though affection is of considerable importance to relational maintenance and satisfaction. According to affection exchange theory, affection is such a valuable relational resource because of the contributions it makes to humans’ long‐term viability and reproductive success. As such a resource, it should, thus, be governed by adaptive motivations, among which is the motivation for parents to invest in their children in ways that maximize their long‐term evolutionary success. Using the theory of discriminative parental solicitude, we predicted differences in the amount of affection men communicate to their biological sons, adopted sons, and step‐sons. We tested our predictions in two studies involving a total of 384 males. We discuss implications of the results for explaining the superordinate ...
The chemical composition of the indigoid dyes derived from the hypobranchial glandular secretions of Murex molluscs

The composition of the indigoid dyes and their precursors derived from the hypobranchial glandular secretions of Murex trunculus and Murex brandaris have been determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. M trunculus secretions yielded three dyes: 6,6′-dibromoindigotin (DBI; CI 75800), indigotin (Cl Natural Blue 1; Cl 75780) and 6-bromoindigotin (MBI), the latter reported here for the first time. Indirubin (Cl Natural Blue 1; Cl 75790) constituted a relatively small amount of the final dye product. No statistically significant sexual differentiation in the final dye colorations was observed when the secretions were fully developed in light. When developed in the dark, male glandular secretions were more purple than those of pseudohermaphroditic females, implying that male glands contain less of the unsubstituted indoxyl precursors, which oxidatively couple in air to form blue indigotin and MBI. M brandaris yielded solely DBI and its precursor the 6-bromo-2-methylthioindoxyl (tyrindoxyl); no methylsulphone precursor was observed, although reported by earlier investigators. Moreover, exposure to light was found to be critical for the formation of the greenish-coloured intermediate 2,2′-bis-substituted 6,6′-dibromo-2,2′-di-indoxyl, not only for the latter's decomposition to DBI.