cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Justice Began at Home in Washington, Dc, Circa 1900 (Part One)

Nowadays, “[a]n application addressed to an individual Justice [of the Supreme Court of the United States] shall be filed with the Clerk, who will transmit it promptly to the Justice concerned if an individual Justice has authority to grant the sought relief.” It hasn’t always worked that way. Indeed, for most of the Supreme Court’s history, litigants (or their counsel) who had business with individual Justices generally felt free to deal directly with those Justices, and the Justices generally reciprocated. This was partly a matter of law and partly a matter of practicality.
Aging, comorbidities, and the importance of finding biomarkers for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to affect a large proportion of persons living with HIV despite effective viral suppression with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Importantly, milder versions of HAND have become more prevalent. The pathogenesis of HAND in the era of cART appears to be multifactorial with contributions from central nervous system (CNS) damage that occur prior to starting cART, chronic immune activation, cART neurotoxicity, and various age-related comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia). Individuals with HIV may experience premature aging, which could also contribute to cognitive impairment. Likewise, degenerative disorders aside from HAND increase with age and there is evidence of shared pathology between HAND and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, which can occur with or without co-existing HAND. Given the aforementioned complex interactions associated with HIV, cognitive impairment, and aging, it is important to consider an age-appropriate differential diagnosis for HAND as the HIV-positive population continues to grow older. These factors make the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis of mild forms of HAND in an aging population of HIV-infected individuals challenging. The complexity of current diagnosis of mild HAND also highlights the need to develop reliable biomarkers. Ultimately, the identification of a set of specific biomarkers will be required to achieve early and accurate diagnosis, which will be necessary assuming specific treatments for HAND are developed.
Evaluation of breaking wave effects in liquid sloshing problems: ANCF/SPH comparative study

This paper is focused on evaluating the effect of breaking waves in liquid sloshing problems. Two fundamentally different approaches, namely the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element (FE) absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), are used to describe the liquid sloshing response in several sloshing scenarios. The SPH method is a mesh-free numerical technique often used to capture very large displacements in fluid and solid mechanics problems. ANCF finite elements, on the other hand, can be used to develop a non-incremental solution procedure, suited for the nonlinear analysis of flexible bodies undergoing large rotation and large deformation. The fundamental differences between the two approaches and the advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Two benchmark problems, the dam break and sloshing tank, are used to perform a detailed SPH/ANCF quantitative comparative study in different sloshing scenarios. While a good agreement is found between the ANCF and SPH converged solutions for the dam break problem, in the sloshing tank problem the SPH solution underpredicts the amplitude of oscillation of the fluid center of mass and the wave height at a selected probe point. Because one ANCF element can capture complex shapes, nearly 40 times fewer degrees of freedom than the SPH model are needed in both problems. The use of the ANCF models leads to a CPU saving of 70% and 25% in the broken dam and sloshing tank problems, respectively. In the case of the tank problem, the effect of light, moderate, and severe turbulence is examined. The position of the fluid center of mass is computed using the two approaches, and the results obtained are verified using a reference analytical solution. The power spectral density of the center of mass is evaluated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to study the effect of breaking waves. The results show that in the case of light and moderate turbulence, the ANCF model allows for accurately averaging the fluid inertia properties, and the obtained solutions are in good agreement with the SPH solutions. In the case of severe turbulence, on the other hand, the mechanical energy dissipation due to fluid mixing and wave breaking, which can only be captured using the SPH method, damps out the sloshing oscillations.
Nivolumab for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a real-world context.

e15675Background: Novel immunotherapies may be effective in patients with HCC; however, patients with advanced liver disease are often excluded from clinical trials. The goal of our study was to ev...
Robot-Assisted Transaxillary Total Thyroidectomy for Graves' Ophthalmopathy After Radioactive Iodine Ablation

Abstract Introduction:A 63-year-old female with history of Graves' disease was treated by radioactive iodine ablation. She was seen by ophthalmology for worsening exophthalmos, and was then referre...
Active pyruvate dehydrogenase and impaired gluconeogenesis in orthotopic hepatomas of rats

Abstract Background Therapies targeting altered activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) have been proposed for hepatomas. However, the activities of these pathways in hepatomas in vivo have not been distinguished. Here we examined pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle through PDH versus PC in vivo using hepatoma-bearing rats. Methods Hepatoma-bearing rats were generated by intrahepatic injection of H4IIE cells. Metabolism of 13C-labeled glycerol, a physiological substrate for both gluconeogenesis and energy production, was measured with 13C NMR analysis. The concentration of key metabolites and the expression of relevant enzymes were measured in hepatoma, surrounding liver, and normal liver. Results In orthotopic hepatomas, pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle occurred exclusively through PDH and the excess PDH activity compared to normal liver was attributed to downregulated pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 2/4. However, pyruvate carboxylation via PC and gluconeogenesis were minimal, which was linked to downregulated forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) by Akt activity. In contrast to many studies of cancer metabolism, lactate production in hepatomas was not increased which corresponded to reduced expression of lactate dehydrogenase. The production of serine and glycine in hepatomas was enhanced, but glycine decarboxylase was downregulated. Conclusions The combination of [U-13C3]glycerol and NMR analysis enabled investigation of multiple biochemical processes in hepatomas and surrounding liver. We demonstrated active PDH and other related metabolic alterations in orthotopic hepatomas that differed substantially not only from the host organ but also from many earlier studies with cancer cells.
IDIOPATHIC AORTITIS: AN ATYPICAL CASE ISOLATED TO THE CORONARY SINUS LEADING TO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Aortitis encompasses a wide range of etiologies involving inflammation of the aorta. While most forms of aortitis can be linked to a specific cause, patients with idiopathic aortitis (IDA), are asymptomatic and usually diagnosed after surgical removal. 29 year old female with past medical history
Methods for detection and quantitation of fumonisins in corn, cereal products and animal excreta

Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by strains of several different mating populations of Gibberella fujikori ( Fusarium section Liseola ). Fumonisins have been shown experimentally to be the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome, and to produce liver cancer in rats. Epidemiological evidence also indicates a possible correlation between the fumonisins and human esophageal cancer. The analytical method of choice for most samples has been high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection. The present work describes the baseline resolution using an isocratic mobile phase of the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3). The separation of the hydrolyzed forms of FB1, partially hydrolyzed FB1 (PHFB1) and fully hydrolyzed FB1 (HFB1) is also described. Results of analyses of com from 1992 crop year in both Iowa (mean = 0.05 μg/g, N = 80) and Pennsylvania (mean = 0.37 μg/g, N = 91) were significantly lower than mean levels reported for 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. Significant levels of FB1 were found in commercially prepared rat (2 μg/g) and horse (37 μg/g) feed. Levels of FB1, (0.05 to 1.2 μg/g) found in corn meal purchased from local groceries indicated a possible source of low level exposure of humans to fumonisins. The simultaneous isocratic separation of FB1, FB2, FB3 and the hydrolysis products of FB1, PHFB1 and HFB1from fecal samples indicated a possible difference in metabolism of FB1 in ruminants and nonruminants. In ruminants, the hydrolyzed forms of FB1 composed a significant (60 to 90%) portion of the total FB1 concentration found in the feces. In nonruminants, the parent compound, FB1, was the dominant (90%) species present. Both ruminants and nonruminants showed limited excretion of FB1 in their urine (<1 to 7% total FB1 in excreta).
Highly Conserved Molecular Features in IgLONs Contrast their Distinct Structural and Biological Outcomes

Abstract Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) and neurotrimin (NTM) are abundant cell-surface proteins found in the brain and form part of the IgLON (Immunoglobulin LSAMP, OBCAM, Neurotrimin) family. In humans, NEGR1 is implicated in obesity and mental disorders, while NTM is linked to intelligence and cognitive function. IgLONs dimerize homophilically and heterophilically, and they are thought to shape synaptic connections and neural circuits by acting in trans (spanning cellular junctions) and/or in cis (at the same side of a junction). Here, we reveal homodimeric structures of NEGR1 and NTM. They assemble into V-shaped complexes via their Ig1 domains, and disruption of the Ig1–Ig1 interface abolishes dimerization in solution. A hydrophobic ridge from one Ig1 domain inserts into a hydrophobic pocket from the opposing Ig1 domain producing an interaction interface that is highly conserved among IgLONs but remarkably plastic structurally. Given the high degree of sequence conservation at the interaction interface, we tested whether different IgLONs could elicit the same biological effect in vivo. In a small-scale study administering different soluble IgLONs directly into the brain and monitoring feeding, only NEGR1 altered food intake significantly. Taking NEGR1 as a prototype, our studies thus indicate that while IgLONs share a conserved mode of interaction and are able to bind each other as homomers and heteromers, they are structurally plastic and can exert unique biological action.
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Recorded Occupational Injury Rates among Sugarcane Harvesters in Southwest Guatemala

As global temperatures continue to rise it is imperative to understand the adverse effects this will pose to workers laboring outdoors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between increases in wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and risk of occupational injury or dehydration among agricultural workers. We used data collected by an agribusiness in Southwest Guatemala over the course of four harvest seasons and Poisson generalized linear modelling for this analysis. Our analyses suggest a 3% increase in recorded injury risk with each degree increase in daily average WBGT above 30 °C (95% CI: -6%, 14%). Additionally, these data suggest that the relationship between WBGT and injury risk is non-linear with an additional 4% acceleration in risk for every degree increase in WBGT above 30 °C (95% CI: 0%, 8%). No relationship was found between daily average WBGT and risk of dehydration. Our results indicate that agricultural workers are at an increased risk of occupational injury in humid and hot environments and that businesses need to plan and adapt to increasing global temperatures by implementing and evaluating effective occupational safety and health programs to protect the health, safety, and well-being of their workers.
Can We Estimate the Amount of Malrotation in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures After CRPP

Purpose: This is an attempt to correlate radiographic parameters of a malrotated supracondylar humerus fracture(SCHFX) with degrees of rotational malalignment to assist surgeons in intraoperative assessment of reduction quality. Methods 3D-printed models were printed, simulating a transverse SCHFx with 5 o, 10 o, 15 o, 20 o, 25 o, and 30o of malrotation. Four different scenarios were developed with (1) lateral cortical axis of rotation, simulating a lateral periosteal hinge(L), (2) medial cortical axis of rotation, simulating a medial …
Three types of individual variation in brain networks revealed by single-subject functional connectivity analyses

The human brain is organized into large-scale networks that can be noninvasively identified using functional connectivity (FC) functional magnetic resonance imaging. FC varies across individuals, and there is significant interest in associating individual variation in FC with external behavioral measures. However, only recently has FC variation been characterized by studying brain networks within individual humans. We review these recent efforts, and we argue that individual variation in FC networks comes in three distinct forms: 1) variability in connectional strength, in which brain regions in the same location have variable FC strength across subjects; 2) variability in spatial localization, in which regions exhibit the same connections across subjects, but are expanded/contracted or spatially displaced in specific subjects; and 3) topological variability, in which networks have variable sets of constituent nodes. Unfortunately, each of these three types of variation confounds attempts to measure the others, which significantly impacts research studying brain networks.
On Assortment Optimization with Endogenized Market Size

In this paper, we consider the joint effects of product substitution and endogenized market size. Under the substitution effects, a product's demand may be cannibalized by other substitutable products; while the market size, measured by the number of customers who are interested in one of the products from the same category, may be largely in uenced by the product offer set. We show that the "loss-leader" phenomenon may arise because of the endogenized market size: a product is sold at a price below its marginal cost, in order to stimulate other sales of more profitable products. We further establish the NP-hardness for the assortment problem under the joint effects and develop a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme.
Behavioral Responses to Measurement Diversity in Individual Incentive Plans: Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, and Model-of-Man

Prior empirical accounting research on the relationship between measurement diversity and performance provides conflicting results. In particular, most studies do not find a significant direct effect and few studies investigate the intervening effect of subordinates' behaviors. This paper examines the behavioral responses to individual incentive plans balancing multiple performance measures. Specifically, I examine the effect of the number of performance measures, concentration of performance weights, and reliance on non-financial performance measures on role conflict and role ambiguity for 243 individual short-term incentive plans provided by two different organizations. I use proprietary data to construct three variables for measurement diversity and survey data involving 415 individuals to capture their behavioral responses to incentive plans. I measure individual performance based on perceptual and objective variables. Consistent with role theory, the analyses reveal that measurement diversity leads to role conflict experienced by the subordinates with a negative effect on individual performance. Task complexity proxied by subordinate's job-grade is associated with the adoption of more performance measures and more financial indicators. Organizational identification proxied by subordinate's value commitment does not seem to moderate the relationship between incentives and individual behavior, whereas situational factors proxied by a dichotomous variable for the two different organizational settings significantly contribute to explain different behaviors. The empirical results have implications for the design of performance measurement and evaluation systems, especially for the selection of performance measures and their weighting in a system of multiple measures, and help to understand better the performance implications of incentive plans encompassing measurement diversity.
Quem é mestiço? Decifrando a mistura racial no Novo Reino de Granada, séculos XVI e XVII

Most of the literature on racial mixing in colonial Spanish America takes at face value the categories - indio, negro, mestizo, mulato, espanol - that appear in archival documents. Using a series of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century cases from the Nuevo Reino de Granada (today, Colombia), this article explores the instability of these categories, particularly of the intermediate ones, and the extent to which they are subject to social negotiation.
How good is your /spl beta/?-observations on VQ training ratios

A growing number of state of the art speech coding algorithms use vector quantization (VQ) to quantize spectrum information. VQ code books are created from a set of training vectors which are drawn from and representative of the overall data being quantized. These training vectors are partitioned into a set of clusters whose centroids represent the region of the partition and are called code vectors. Of specific interest to this paper is the ratio, /spl beta/, of the number of training vectors to the number of code vectors. The goal is to provide guidance on appropriate levels of training data regardless of code book size. Of particular significance is the empirical determination of a minimum /spl beta/ value of 128 training vectors per code vector for full vector code books.
On solving linear complementarity problems as linear programs

Recently, Mangasarian [18, 19] has discussed the idea of solving certain classes of linear complementarity problems as linear programs. The present paper (1) demonstrates how these complementarity problems are related to the theory of polyhedral sets having least elements and (2) discusses the question of whether the linear programming approach can be recommended for solving them.
Bit Commitment Using Pseudo-Randomness

We show how a pseudo-random generator can provide a bit commitment protocol. We also analyze the number of bits communicated when parties commit to many bits simultaneously, and show that the assumption of the existence of pseudo-random generators suffices to assure amortized O(1) bits of communication per bit commitment.
Waste Milk from Antibiotic Treated Cows as Feed for Young Calves

Abstract Our objective was to determine whether discard milk from cows treated with antibiotics for mastitis and other disorders could be fed safely to young calves. In Trial 1, control calves were fed whole milk, the experimental group waste milk; calf starter plus hay were offered ad libitum. In Trials 2 and 3, fermented colostrum was fed to controls, and all groups were offered a dry complete feed. Trial 3 included one group fed waste milk to which .05% formaldehyde had been added prior to storage at ambient temperatures. Milks were fed to age 6 wk in Trial 1 and 5 wk in Trials 2 and 3. Total period of observation was from birth to age 8 wk. Growth by calves fed fresh waste milk was equal or superior to that by controls during both the milk feeding period and to 8 wk. Calves fed the formalin-preserved waste milk tended to reject it initially, resulting in lowered food intakes and slower growth to age 5 wk. These calves tended to suffer mild nutritional scours. Other health problems were minimal. Fermented colostrum contained greater numbers of microorganisms than waste milk; it also tended to show low inhibitory activity as indicated by the disc assay test for antibiotics.
ESTABLISHING A STROKE RESPONSE TEAM IN A RURAL SETTING

Stroke, a substantial public health problem because of high incidence, prevalence, mortality and economic burden, is the leading cause of long-term disability and the third leading cause of death in the United States (National Institute of Health, 2005). Improvements have been made in the management of ischemic stroke, including the use of a fibrinolytic agent known as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and the utilization of stroke response teams. While larger hospitals have the capabilities of instituting improvements, rural hospitals still lack the resources and ability to offer this vital service. The organization of a stroke response team can vary depending on location. However, all such teams can facilitate rapid evaluation and treatment of patients with stroke, thus allowing hospital systems to respond in organized, efficient, and emergent ways. Such rapid responses prevent extensive disability: “time is brain.” This manuscript discusses the effectiveness of a stroke response team on tPA utilization and offers an algorithm for rural hospitals to follow.
From Classical to Contemporary Psychoanalysis: A Critique and Integration

Preface. Part I: Freudian Theory. Basic Paradigm of Freudian Theory. Conceptions of Mind in Freudian Theory. Conceptions of Object Relations in Freudian Theory. Conceptions of Psychopathology in Freudian Theory. Conceptions of Treatment in Freudian Theory. Part II: Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theories. Conceptions of Mind in Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theories. Conceptions of Object Relations in Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theories. Conceptions of Psychopathology in Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theories. Conceptions of Treatment in Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theories: Therapeutic Goals and Analytic Stance. Conceptions of Treatment in Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theories: Therapeutic Action and Ingredients. Part III: Overview and Integration. Divergences and Convergences.
Secondary myelodysplasia and acute leukemia in breast cancer patients after autologous bone marrow transplant.

PURPOSETo determine the incidence of myelodysplasia (MDS) and/or acute leukemia (AL) in breast cancer patients after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with a single conditioning regimen and autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT), and analyze the cytogenetic abnormalities that arise after HDC.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 864 breast cancer patients who underwent ABMT at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, from 1985 through 1996 who received the same preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide 1,875 mg/m2 for 3 days, cisplatin 55 mg/m2 for 3 days, and BCNU 600 mg/m2 for 1 day (CPB). Pretransplant cytogenetics were analyzed in all patients and posttransplant cytogenetics were evaluated in four of five patients who developed MDS/AL.RESULTSFive of 864 patients developed MDS/AL after HDC with CPB and ABMT. The crude cumulative incidence of MDS/AL was 0.58%. The Kaplan-Meier curve shows a 4-year probability of developing MDS/AL of 1.6%. Pretransplant cytogenetics performed on th...
An Exploration of the Content of Stereotypes of Black Politicians

Do voters have the same stereotypes of Black politicians that they have of Black people in general? We argue that common stereotypes of Blacks (e.g., lazy, violent) may not apply to perceptions of Black politicians. Instead, we hypothesize that Black politicians are a unique subtype of the larger group Blacks, different enough to warrant their own stereotypes. We take an inductive approach to understanding the stereotypes of Black politicians. Employing a classic psychology research design (Katz & Braly, 1933) in which respondents list traits for a target group, we find that there is little overlap of stereotype content between Black politicians and Blacks. Our results therefore indicate that Black politicians constitute a separate and unique subtype of Blacks. Our analysis explores similarities and differences between stereotypes of Black politicians and two other groups: Black professionals (another subtype of Blacks) and politicians. We discuss the implications of our findings for the relationship between stereotypes and voter decisions.
Tissue Specificity and Cell Death are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins

The ability of identical signals to interact with specific tissues in the same animal and result in the expression of different genes, is a fundamental question in cell regulation. A suitable model system for investigating the tissue specific regulation of gene expression is found in comparing the dihydrotestosteone (DHT) response in ventral prostate with the seminal vesicle. The rat ventral prostate and the seminal vesicle both contain the same genome, posses nuclear DHT receptors, and respond to DHT with the production of markedly different secretory products (figure 1). Upon DHT stimulation, the ventral prostate produces several specific secretory proteins. Similarly, the seminal vesicle produces its own unique tissue specific secretory proteins (figure 2). These tissue specific secretory proteins are all under control of the androgen receptor. Evidently there is another formes) of regulation which determines what genes are activated when the cells are stimulated with androgen. We hypothesize that this regulation is brought about by alterations in the three dimensional conformation of the genome within the nucleus. It is believed that the genomic configuration within the nucleus is determined in part by the binding of DNA loop domains to the nuclear matrix proteins. If the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle each possess unique conformations of their DNA, it is possible that the androgen receptor is able to bind and activate tissue specific transcription on different locations of the DNA depending on the tissue. Since the nuclear matrix is the organizing structure of the DNA in the nucleus, tissue specificity in three dimensional DNA organization may be caused by a unique nuclear matrix composition. We propose that the nuclear matrix is tissue specific and is involved in the regulation of gene expression.
Inclusion of poly(aniline) into MoO3

Protonated emeraldine [poly(aniline)] has been encapsulated in MoO3 by first inserting aniline into its lattice followed by successful polymerization with (NH4)2S2O8; the new material is characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and charge transport measurements.
Noncoding RNA as therapeutic targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Recent studies have suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These RNA genes may be involved in various pathobiological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Aberrant expression of ncRNA resulting from deregulated epigenetic, transcriptional, or posttranscriptional activity has been described in several studies. ncRNAs are comprised of a highly diverse group of transcripts that include microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as several other types of RNA genes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which ncRNA contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis may enable the design of ncRNA-based therapeutics for HCC. In this review, the authors provide a perspective on therapeutic applications based on the emerging evidence of a contributory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs to the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. In addition, ncRNAs that are deregulated in expression in HCC may have utility as potential prognostic or diagnostic markers.
Some structural properties of two counter-examples to the Baker-Gammel-Wills conjecture

I improve the counter-example of Lubinsky, and show that the counter-example of Buslaev is also relevant to the original form of the Baker-Gammel-Wills conjecture. I notice that these counter-examples have only a single spurious pole and that a patchwork of just two subsequences of diagonal Pade approximants provides uniform convergence in compact subsets of |z| > 1. I find that both counter-examples can be characterized by the observation that they are associated with bounded J-matrices. I prove a number of resuks for the convergence of diagonal Pade approximants to functions which have bounded J-matrices.
Genomic screening identifies novel linkages and provides further evidence for a role of MYH9 in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common birth anomaly that requires prolonged multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Although variation in several genes has been identified as contributing to NSCLP, most of the genetic susceptibility loci have yet to be defined. To identify additional contributory genes, a high-throughput genomic scan was performed using the Illumina Linkage IVb Panel platform. We genotyped 6008 SNPs in nine non-Hispanic white NSCLP multiplex families and a single large African-American NSCLP multiplex family. Fourteen chromosomal regions were identified with LOD>1.5, including six regions not previously reported. Analysis of the data from the African-American and non-Hispanic white families revealed two likely chromosomal regions: 8q21.3–24.12 and 22q12.2–12.3 with LOD scores of 2.98 and 2.66, respectively. On the basis of biological function, syndecan 2 (SDC2) and growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) in 8q21.3–24.12 and myosin heavy-chain 9, non-muscle (MYH9) in 22q12.2–12.3 were selected as candidate genes. Association analyses from these genes yielded marginally significant P-values for SNPs in SDC2 and GDF6 (0.01≤P<0.05). Evidence for an altered transmission was found for four MYH9 SNPs (P<0.01). SNP rs1002246 exhibited altered transmission by all analytic methods. However, analysis of two SNP MYH9 haplotypes did not identify a single high-risk haplotype. Our results confirm a previous report that 8q21.3–24.12 may harbor a clefting gene and identify 22q12.2–12.3 as a new candidate region that contains MYH9. Most importantly, we confirm the previous report of an association with MYH9.
Experimental transvitreal cyanoacrylate retinopexy in a primate model

We evaluated the use of transvitreal cyanoacrylate retinopexy in the treatment of experimental rhegmatogenous retinal detachment during vitreous surgery in the cynomolgus monkey. The chorioretinal adhesions produced with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive as compared with those produced by transscleral retinal cryopexy were more rapid in onset as well as stronger. To test the efficacy of cyanoacrylate retinopexy further, a 360-degree peripheral retinectomy was created in five eyes with circumferential cyanoacrylate application to the posterior retinal edge. The cyanoacrylate retinopexy did not prevent the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy with traction retinal detachment, but in three of the eyes the tissue adhesive continued to maintain retinal apposition to the retinal pigment epithelium at the retinotomy edge. Histologic examination of the retinas disclosed a foreign body reaction adjacent to the cyanoacrylate sites, but there was no evidence of any distant effects caused by the tissue adhesive.
Liver Transplantation in the Setting of Extra-Hepatic Malignancy: Two Case Reports

Candidates for liver transplantation (OLT) may be found to have an incidental extrahepatic tumor, which is amenable to resection, and may be associated with variable long-term survival. Issues to be considered include: (1) Whether it is possible to define a tumor stage and survival expectancy, which makes the patient an acceptable transplant candidate; (2) Whether cancer surgery should be preformed prior, during, or after OLT; (3) Whether the recipient be placed on immunosuppression that is tailored to address concern related to cancer recurrence. These issues are illustrated in the context of OLT and nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two patients underwent a simultaneous OLT and curative radical nephrectomy for stage 1 RCC that was incidentally discovered during OLT evaluation, one of whom received a simultaneous kidney transplant. At 51 and 14 months postoperatively, the patients are alive and healthy, with no tumor recurrence. In selected extrahepatic malignancies, simultaneous curative resection and OLT may provide the optimal outcome. This is justifiable when curative cancer-related life expectancy exceeds OLT-expected graft and patient survival. Concomitant transplantation and cancer surgery provides an acceptable cancer-free survival, avoiding the high morbidity observed when cancer resection is done in the presence of decompensated liver disease.
Non-facial/non-verbal methods of affective expression as applied to robot-assisted victim assessment

This work applies a previously developed set of heuristics for determining when to use non-facial/non-verbal methods of affective expression to the domain of a robot being used for victim assessment in the aftermath of a disaster. Robot-assisted victim assessment places a robot approximately three meters or less from a victim, and the path of the robot traverses three proximity zones (intimate (contact -- 0.46m), personal (0.46 -- 1.22 m), and social (1.22 -- 3.66 m)). Robot- and victim-eye views of an Inuktun robot were collected as it followed a path around the victim. The path was derived from observations of a prior robot-assisted medical reachback study. The victim's-eye views of the robot from seven points of interest on the path illustrate the appropriateness of each of the five primary non-facial/non-verbal methods of affective expression: (body movement, posture, orientation, illuminated color, and sound), offering support for the heuristics as a design aid. In addition to supporting the heuristics, the investigation identified three open research questions on acceptable motions and impact of the surroundings on robot affect.
Analysis of damage profiles in poly(methyl methacrylate) in terms of oxygen diffusion and consumption

Abstract Profiles of photolytically induced chain scissions in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and oxygen diffusion and solubility parameters have been used to estimate the activation energy of the chain scission process. The resulting activation energy of 19 kcal/mol, which does not include contributions from the activation energies of oxygen diffusion and solubility, suggests that the temperature-sensitive changes in photolytic scission in PMMA arise from changes in the efficiency of the cage effect.
Evaluating multiple colour-producing agents in Case II waters from Lake Erie

Lake Erie is part of the Great Lakes systems in North America, which represent the largest continental lake systems in the world. Anthropogenic eutrophication in the Western Basin of Lake Erie, a Case II environment, has an adverse impact on the surrounding ecosystems and the regional economy. The optical complexity found in Lake Erie is a feature of many aquatic environments making it a challenging setting for remote-sensing applications. To assess the controls on these optical properties, we sampled 20 locations, encompassing a variety of optical environments in the Western Basin and Sandusky Bay during four research cruises. Strong correlations between light extinction and phycocyanin correlation coefficient, r ≥ 0.95, suspended sediment r = 0.90, and chlorophyll-ar ≥ 0.86 indicate that surface conditions are representative down to at least the first optical depth. Application of varimax-rotated principal component analysis to lab-based, hyperspectral reflectance data identified three components related to a diatom/green algae community, and two blue-green algae communities, one of which was associated with suspended sediment. Phycocyanin and chlorophyll-a content inferred using a semi-analytic red/near-infrared algorithm correlated well with concentrations measured in situ using a multiparameter sonde. Chlorophyll-a retrievals from a regional, blue : green algorithm developed for the Western Basin of Lake Erie compared well with retrievals from the semi-analytic algorithm for all samples from the Western Basin and 25% of samples from Sandusky Bay. Chlorophyll-a retrieval errors using the blue : green algorithm occurred when high ratios of suspended sediment to phycocyanin biased samples from the extremely turbid waters of Sandusky Bay. The bias likely resulted when suspended sediment altered the blue : green ratio or when phycocyanin interfered with the chlorophyll-a absorption peaks. This approach can be applied to other Case II environments to provide insights during the design of experimental field studies and for spectral band selection with the next generation of visible near-infrared remote-sensing instruments.
New developments in electronic reference controls for frequency domain optical sensing

The reference optical path is essential for optical systems which function on the basis of light interference. In the case of frequency domain (FD) fluorescence life-time optrodes, a reference LED is used as a standard for calculating the phase angle. The reference LED is configured so that radiation travels the same length to the detector as that of the fluorescence signal being analyzed. The phase shift, which provides details of fluorescence lifetime, is measured between these two signals - the fluorescence signal and reference LED signal, using a photodetector. We have designed, developed and implemented a FD optrode system without a reference LED. The key requirement of such a system is that phase shifts due to optics at wavelength of fluorescence and electronics have to be calibrated. In the reference-free system, the reference signal comes from the lock-in-amplifier which also drives the excitation LED. The lock-in-amplifier measures the phase shift between the excitation signal and the fluorescence emission signal from the photodetector and is locked at the frequency of modulation of the excitation signal. This insures higher signal to noise ratio and low-noise measurements. The reference-free optrode system removes some constraints on the coupling optics, which help improve the overall performance of the system. After development of electronics, and optimization of coupling optics, the system was calibrated in different oxygen concentration solutions to measure fluorescence intensity and lifetime of the oxygen sensitive dye platinum tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphine (PtTFPP).
A Voronoi FE Fatigue Damage Model for Life Scatter in Rolling Contacts

It has been widely accepted that the microstructure of bearing materials can significantly affect their rolling contact fatigue (RCF) lives. Hence, microlevel topological features of materials will be of significant importance to RCF investigation. In order to estimate the fatigue lives of bearing elements and account for the effects of topological randomness of the bearing materials, in this work, damage mechanics modeling approach is incorporated into a Voronoi finite element method recently developed by the authors. Contrary to most of the life models existing in the literature for estimating the RCF lives, the current model considers microcrack initiation, coalescence, and propagation stages. The proposed model relates the fatigue life to a damage parameter D, which is a measure of the gradual material degradation under cyclic loading. In this investigation, 40 semi-infinite domains with different microstructural distributions are subjected to a moving Hertzian pressure. Using the fatigue damage model developed, the initiation and total lives of the 40 domains are obtained. Also, the effects of initial material flaws and inhomogeneous material properties (in the form of normal distribution of the elastic modulus) on the fatigue lives are investigated. It is observed that the fatigue lives calculated and their Weibull slopes are in good agreement with previous experimental and analytical results. It is noted that introducing inhomogeneous material properties and initial flaws within the domains decreases the fatigue lives and increases their scatters.
Sex, steroids, and stimulant sensitivity.

: The current study investigated ovarian modulation of the locomotor response to cocaine in rats. Ovariectomy in females lowered the response to cocaine (10 mg/kg ip), whereas castration did not change that of males. The locomotor responses of prepubertal males and females to cocaine were similar. However, the postpubertal sex difference resulted from a fall in cocaine-stimulated locomotion in males rather than a rise in females. Neonatal testosterone treatment of female rat pups decreased the response to cocaine in adulthood. These findings suggest that both the activational and organizational effects of gonadal steroids contribute to the greater response of females to cocaine.
Potentially modifiable pre-, peri-, and postdeployment characteristics associated with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder among ohio army national guard soldiers.

Purpose To evaluate potentially modifiable deployment characteristics—predeployment preparedness, unit support during deployment, and postdeployment support—that may be associated with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods We recruited a sample of 2616 Ohio Army National Guard (OHARNG) soldiers and conducted structured interviews to assess traumatic event exposure and PTSD related to the soldiers’ most recent deployment, consistent with DSM-IV criteria. We assessed preparedness, unit support, and postdeployment support by using multimeasure scales adapted from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Survey. Results The prevalence of deployment-related PTSD was 9.6%. In adjusted logistic models, high levels of all three deployment characteristics (compared with low) were independently associated with lower odds of PTSD. When we evaluated the influence of combinations of deployment characteristics on the development of PTSD, we found that postdeployment support was an essential factor in the prevention of PTSD. Conclusions Results show that factors throughout the life course of deployment—in particular, postdeployment support—may influence the development of PTSD. These results suggest that the development of suitable postdeployment support opportunities may be centrally important in mitigating the psychological consequences of war.
The Hesperus and Phosphorus Puzzle

S. Kripke a cherche a resoudre le probleme "de l'etoile du soir et de l'etoile du matin" en pretendant que des enonces vrais tels que "Hesperus=Phosphorus" sont necessaires. Une objection a cette these consiste a dire que dans ce cas nous connaissons a priori la verite de cet enonce. Mais Kripke soutient que la connaissance de cet enonce est a posteriori. Il n'y a pas contradiction parce que la modalite du necessaire et celle du connaissable sont separees.
Remark on uniform insertion in structured data structures

In a recent paper, Shneiderman and Scheuermann [1] have defined an interesting operation, called uniform insertion, whereby a (linked) data structure G2 can be embedded within another structure G1 in such a way that each data node of G1 serves as an entry node for G2. This communication points out and corrects an error in their definition, while preserving the spirit of that operation.
Hippolytus' Elenchos as a Source for Empedocles Re-examined II

he eclectic nature of Hippolytus' account of Empedocles' doxai seems clear. Some of his interpretations, notably the distinction between sensible and intelligible worlds, were probably drawn from or influenced by the Platonic tradition. Some of his account, perhaps the greater portion of it, was influenced by the Aristotelian or Peripatetic tradition; some of it seems derived from the Stoics, and even possibly the Homeric allegorists. In any case, the reports cannot always be supported by the extant fragments; in fact, some seem inconsistent with them, e.g. Empedocles on the cosmic conflagration and marriage. But more important, the main purpose of Hippolytus' discussion is to show that the heresy of Marcion and his followers was anticipated by, and many of the tenets borrowed from, Empedocles. In view of these and other considerations to be considered later, it seems unlikely that Hippolytus derived his knowledge of Empedocles from the original poems. He does, of course, seem to know the Katharmoi by title. In VII, 30, 4, questioning the Marcionites, he remarks roijq 'Et7re8ox?cou4 Xov1,ve &8M(a'xV x p others probably belong to On Nature. But Hippolytus' manner of introducing them, e.g. Xe,'ov (Lae 7nw4 (VII, 31, 4) or ?eye troLouov -nva -po7ov (VII, 29, 13), suggests that he was not acquainted with the original poems. There is, for example, little doubt that the account of Empedocles in Bk. I where he is confused with Heraclitus is taken from a poor compendium, including probably the verses of Empedocles quoted by Hippolytus. The account in Bk. VII, however, especially because of the number of quotations, seems to be from another and better source. Diels was probably the first to suggest that Hippolytus' source was a lost work of Plutarch.' He was followed by Gilbert, O'Brien, and
Integrating formal verification and high-level processor pipeline synthesis

When a processor implementation is synthesized from a specification using an automatic framework, this implementation still should be verified against its specification to ensure the automatic framework introduced no error. This paper presents our effort in integrating fully automated formal verification with a high-level processor pipeline synthesis framework. As an integral part of the pipeline synthesis, our framework also emits SMV models for checking the functional equivalence between the output pipelined processor implementation and its input non-pipelined specification. Well known compositional model checking techniques are automatically applied to curtail state explosion during model checking. The paper reports case studies of applying this integrated framework to synthesize and formally verify pipelined RISC and CISC processors.
Aerothermodynamic design feasibility of a Mars aerocapture/aeromaneuver vehicle

Lifting aerodynamic configurations have been screened and selected for the Mars aerocapture mission that (1) meet the geometric packaging requirements of the various payloads and the Space Shuttle cargo bay and (2) provide the aerodynamic performance characteristics required to obtain the atmospheric exit steering accuracy and the parachute deployment conditions desired. Hypersonic heat transfer and aerodynamic loads to the vehicle in the CO2 atmosphere are evaluated. Contemporary low density ablative thermal protection materials were selected that meet all the atmospheric entry requirements and provide a minimum mass solution. Results are presented of the aerodynamic configuration and thermal protection materials screening and selection. It is concluded that the aerothermodynamic design of this concept is feasible using state-of-the-art technology.