cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capabilities and financial performance: the moderating effect of strategic type

The Miles–Snow (M–S) strategic typology has continued to receive attention in the academic business press, even though it has been criticized for not making explicit the relationships between strategic type and ultimate profit performance. Using the market orientation and Resource-Based View literature, we develop hypotheses regarding relationships between M–S strategic type and four firm capabilities (technology, information technology, market-linking, and marketing capabilities), relationship between the four capabilities and performance, and the moderating role of M–S strategic type. An empirical test involves multiple data collections from 216 firms. The study results suggest that there are significant relationships between capabilities and performance if one does not account for the moderating role of strategic type. When strategic type is used as a moderating variable, we find that only certain capabilities had significant effects on profitability. For example, technology and information technology capabilities increase financial performance for prospector organizations, while a different set of capabilities (market-linking and marketing) are positively related to financial performance for defender organizations. We discuss how our findings are consistent with the expectations of the Resource-Based View of the firm. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications.
Efficient learning algorithms for episodic tasks with acyclic state spaces

This paper considers the problem of computing an optimal policy for a Markov decision process (MDP), under lack of complete a priori knowledge of (i) the branching probability distributions determining the evolution of the process state upon the execution of the different actions, and (ii) the probability distributions characterizing the immediate rewards returned by the environment as a result of the execution of these actions at different states of the process. In addition, it is assumed that the underlying task evolves in a repetitive, episodic manner, with each episode starting from a well-defined initial state and evolving over an acyclic state space. A novel efficient algorithm for this problem is proposed, and its convergence properties and computational complexity are rigorously characterized in the formal framework of computational learning theory
Birefringence and laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) studies of viscoelastic flow through a planar contraction

Abstract Laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and flow-induced birefringence (FIB) are used to measure the velocity and stress fields of a rheologically well characterized viscoelastic solution flowing through a 3.97:1 planar abrupt contraction. The FIB system is designed to give accurate, spatially resolved measurements of the birefringence through the contraction flow. The fluid is a 5.0 wt.% solution of polyisobutylene in tetradecane that exhibits shearthinning of both the viscosity and the first normal stress coefficient. Shearrate-dependent Deborah numbers for the contraction flow are accessible in the range 0 ⩽ De(γ) ⩽ 0.8. Measurements show the evolution of the shear stress and first normal stress difference throughout the converging flow upstream of the contraction plane as well as downstream of the contraction. Measurements of the stresses along lines emanating from the reentrant corner of the contraction follow the power-law scalings given by the analysis of the flow of Newtonian and power-law fluids near a corner, suggesting that the shear thinning of the fluid reduces the importance of “elasticity” near the corner.
Numerical methods for solving time-dependent quantum-mechanical problems with applications

Abstract Two numerical techniques which can be applied to time-dependent quantum-mechanical problems are described and compared with a predictor-corrector-type method. The first method, the piecewise Magnus solution, provides an approximate solution with the exact Hamiltonian by using the first Magnus approximation over many time intervals. The second approach, the piecewise analytical solution, produces the analytical solution to an approximate Hamiltonian obtained by ignoring off-diagonal elements within each small time interval. Several illustrative model problems are reported in which the speed and accuracy of these procedures were compared with a standard Gear package. Included in these examples is the physically interesting problem of using the stimulated Raman effect to produce selectively excited molecules. Within this problem the quality of the rotating wave approximation is tested. In cases with highly oscillatory wave functions, it was found that the piecewise solution methods performed well while the Gear program was incapable of providing a reliable solution.
Clonal Plasma Cell Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Disease Are Linked to Clonal Plasma Cell Expression of Cyclin D1 in Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis

Abstract Background Overexpression of cyclin D1 ( CCND1 ) in the clonal plasma cells (PCs) of patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) has been shown to occur even in cases without t(11;14). Associations between CCND1 expression and the clonal PC disease that underlies AL and the clinical features that characterize AL have not been systematically evaluated. Patients and Methods To assess the significance of CCND1 expression in the pathophysiology of the clonal PC in AL, we evaluated CD138+ marrow PC from 16 newly diagnosed untreated patients by gene expression profiling (GEP) and performed a supervised analysis comparing clones that overexpressed CCND1 with those that did not. To assess the significance of CCND1 expression with respect to the clinical features of AL, we developed and validated a real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method for quantitating expression of CCND1 in the CD138+ marrow PC cells from 53 newly diagnosed cases of AL. Results In the analysis of GEP data, clones that overexpressed CCND1 also expressed significantly higher levels of endoplasmic reticulum protein processing genes such as SEL1L , Sec63, and PDIA6. In the analysis of RT-qPCR data, patients whose clones overexpressed CCND1 more often made only free light chains and fewer intact M-proteins, and also had a lower response rate to initial therapy. In multivariate analysis, CCND1 expression was an independent baseline predictor of survival in AL. Conclusion CCND1 expression is a feature of the clonal PC disease in AL that merits prospective evaluation.
Small sample comparison of estimation methods for the beta distribution

We present a comparison between the small sample properties of maximum likelihood and moment estimators of parameters of the univariate and bivariate beta distributions. The results of our simulation suggest that the theoretical advantage of the maximum likelihood method in the large sample limit also carries over to small samples.
RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS IN MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

The term mixed connective tissue disease is used to identify the patients with combined clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma or progressive systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis-dermatomyositis. A prerequisite for the diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease is the presence, in the serum, of high titers of antibodies against uridine-rich RNA-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). Respiratory and nonrespiratory features of the disease follow those seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, or progressive systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis-dermatomyositis. Respiratory involvement is observed in 20% to 80% of patients. Major respiratory manifestations and their incidences described include interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis (20% to 65%), pleural effusion (50%), pleurisy (20%), and pulmonary hypertension (10% to 45%). Other pulmonary features consist of pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary thromboembolism, aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary cysts, obstructive airways disease, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infections, hypoventilatory respiratory failure, and diaphragmatic dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication; rapid deterioration and death have occurred in spite of corticosteroid and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Modeling Processes in the Development of Sex Role-Related Performance Expectations

Sixty-one male and female high school students observed male and female models either succeeding or failing on an anagram task. Results on measures of subjects' expectations for their own future performance on the task and estimates of their own ability on the task showed that male subjects were influenced by male models' performance but not female models' performance, while female subjects were not influenced by the performance of either male or female models.
Electron microscopic study of base sequence in nucleic acids VI. Guanine sites in yeast alanine transfer RNA

Abstract Yeast alanine t-RNA was reacted with 2-diazo-p-benzene-disulphonic acid, which is known to attach with high specificity to the guanosine monophosphate nucleotides. The guanine marked RNA molecules were extended on thin carbon film, stained with uranyl acetate, and examined in the electron microscope. In high resolution micrographs most of the markers made visible by the uranyl acetate staining, could be distinguished from the background noise on the basis of contrast and size. They were found in linear arrays with a length not exceeding that of an extended t-RNA molecule and their number not exceeding that expected from chemical reactivity data as well as from the known number of guanosine residues in ala t-RNA molecule.
When Age is Suspended - The Future Promise of Intergenerational Work

As usual, this issue of the Journal of Intergenerational Relationships offers a variety of scholarly and research articles, program descriptions, and reviews of adult and children's books. This com...
Age, Sex, and Handedness Differentially Contribute to Neurospatial Function on the Memory Island and Novel-Image Novel-Location Tests

Memory Island and the Novel-Image Novel-Location are recently developed measures of spatial learning and recognition-memory modeled after the Morris water maze and the novel object-recognition tests. The goal of this study was to characterize how sex, age, and handedness contribute to Memory Island and Novel-Image Novel-Location performance. Volunteers (N=287, ages 6 to 67) from a local science museum completed four Memory Island trials containing a visible target and four trials containing a hidden target. A pronounced sex difference favoring males was noted in all measures of hidden trial performance. The total latency during the hidden trials among older-adults was longer than younger-adults or adolescents. Faster and more efficient performance by males was also identified during the visible trials, particularly among children. Adolescents and younger-adults outperformed children and older ages. Sinistrals had a lower cumulative distance to the target. Novel-Image Novel-Location behavior was examined in a separate sample (N=128, ages 6 to 86). Females had higher Novel-Image and Novel-Location scores than males. Novel-Image performance was independent of age while sinistrals had elevated Novel-Image scores relative to dextrals. Together, these findings identify how sex, age, and handedness uniquely contribute to performance on these tasks.
Associations between lumbosacral transitional anatomy types and degeneration at the transitional and adjacent segments.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The relation between specific types of lumbosacral transitional vertebra and the degree of degeneration at and adjacent to the transitional level is unclear. It is also unknown whether the adjacent cephalad segment to a transitional vertebra is prone to greater degeneration than a normal L5‐S1 level. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between specific lumbosacral transitional vertebra subtypes according to the Castellvi classification, and to determine the severity of degeneration at the transitional level and the adjacent cephalad segment. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a retrospective review. PATIENT SAMPLES: Ninety-two subjects with lumbosacral transitional vertebra grade 2 or higher and 94 control subjects without were retrieved from a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) search. OUTCOME MEASURES: Disc degeneration parameters at the transitional and at the adjacent cephalad level were measured. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 92 subjects (42 men; mean age, 57616 years) with lumbosacral transitional vertebra grade 2 or higher and 94 control subjects (41 men; mean age, 51616 years) without were retrieved from a PACS search. Degeneration of the last two segments of the lumbar spine was quantified using the Pfirrmann and Modic classifications, along with documentation of annular tears, disc herniations, and disc height, and were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, L5‐S1 levels in the control subjects were compared with the adjacent cephalad segments of the transitional vertebrae for the same parameters. RESULTS: Although the control subjects, at L5‐S1, had moderate to severe degeneration by Pfirrmann grades (31%) and Modic changes ([MC] 20%), in comparison, the discs at the transitional level of the lumbosacral transitional vertebra group demonstrated significant less degeneration (3% and 1%, respectively; each p!.05). The adjacent cephalad segments of the lumbosacral transitional vertebra group showed significantly greater degeneration (Pfirrmann grade 5, 39%; MC, 30%) compared with the L4‐L5 level in control subjects (16% and 11%, respectively; each p!.05). The severity of disc degeneration using all parameters correlated with the type of lumbosacral transitional vertebra. The degree of degeneration of L5‐S1 in control subjects was similar to the adjacent cephalad segment in lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. CONCLUSION: Increasing the mechanical connection of a lumbosacral transitional vertebra protects the disc at the transitional level and predisposes the adjacent cephalad segment to greater
Advances in mechanical detection of magnetic resonance

The invention and initial demonstration of magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) in the early 1990s launched a renaissance of mechanical approaches to detecting magnetic resonance. This article reviews progress made in MRFM in the last decade, including the demonstration of scanned probe detection of magnetic resonance (electron spin resonance, ferromagnetic resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance) and the mechanical detection of electron spin resonance from a single spin. Force and force-gradient approaches to mechanical detection are reviewed and recent related work using attonewton sensitivity cantilevers to probe minute fluctuating electric fields near surfaces is discussed. Given recent progress, pushing MRFM to single proton sensitivity remains an exciting possibility. We will survey some practical and fundamental issues that must be resolved to meet this challenge.
File routing middleware for cloud deduplication

Deduplication technology is maturing and becoming a standard feature of most storage architectures. Many approaches have been proposed to address the deduplication scalability challenges of privately owned storage infrastructure, but as storage is moving to the cloud, deduplication mechanisms are expected to scale to thousands of storage nodes. Currently available solutions were not designed to handle such large scale, while research and practical experience suggests that aiming for global deduplication among thousands of nodes will, almost certainly, lead to high complexity, reduced performance and reduced reliability. Instead, we propose the idea of performing local deduplication operations within each cloud node, and introduce file similarity metrics to determine which node is the best deduplication host for a particular incoming file. This approach reduces the problem of scalable cloud deduplication to a file routing problem, which we can address using a software layer capable of making the necessary routing decisions. Using the proposed file routing middleware layer the system can achieve three important properties: scale to thousands of nodes, support almost any type of underlying storage node, and make the most of file-level deduplication.
Millikan's oil droplet experiment and common divisor probabilities

The Millikan oil droplet experiment is typical of a whole class of experiments in which the data obtained from each trial is an integer multiple of some constant β.Using basic number theoretic ideas we develop three procedures to determine β. Some probability estimates are obtained that illustrate the relative effectiveness of these procedures.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Respiratory Plasticity Following Intermittent Hypoxia

The neural network controlling breathing exhibits plasticity in response to environmental or physiological challenges. For example, while hypoxia initiates rapid and robust increases in respiratory motor output to defend against hypoxemia, it also triggers persistent changes, or plasticity, in chemosensory neurons and integrative pathways that transmit brainstem respiratory activity to respiratory motor neurons. Frequently studied models of hypoxia-induced respiratory plasticity include: (1) carotid chemosensory plasticity and metaplasticity induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and (2) acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) induced phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) in naive and CIH preconditioned rats. These forms of plasticity share some mechanistic elements, although they differ in anatomical location and the requirement for CIH preconditioning. Both forms of plasticity require serotonin receptor activation and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the cellular sources and targets of ROS are not well known, recent evidence suggests that ROS modify the balance of protein phosphatase and kinase activities, shifting the balance towards net phosphorylation and favoring cellular reactions that induce and/or maintain plasticity. Here, we review possible sources of ROS, and the impact of ROS on phosphorylation events relevant to respiratory plasticity.
Today's Trends in Lighting

Obviously it is impossible to prophesy accurately what will happen in any phase of human activity. In the field of lighting, however, it is fairly safe to make some predictions based upon the following hypothesis: Throughout the world there are certain organizations and establishments which are unusually progressive, which do things before the ideas involved have been accepted generally. A study, therefore, of what is being done in these outstanding examples gives an indication of what is likely to become general practice in the next several years. On this basis the author analyzes lighting methods in certain definite fields, such as stores, restaurants, industrial plants, and streets. He describes installations of new types of illuminants and new methods of applying the older forms.
Investigation of exergy destruction in CFD modeling for a legacy air-cooled data center

To keep up with the growing energy demand, legacy aircooled data centers have begun to implement simple but effective energy efficiency strategies or best practices. Improving “air management”, optimizing the delivery of cool air and the collection of waste heat, are among these efficiency strategies. One of the most powerful tools for identifying energy wasteful practices is the application of the second law of thermodynamics to estimate the exergy destruction in a system. Exergy is defined as the “available energy” in a system, hence wasteful practices are said to “destroy exergy.” Systematic analysis of data centers using this approach will identify the major contributors to wasteful energy practices including premature mixing of hot and cold air streams. In this study, a numerical model was developed for estimation of the data center airspace exergy destruction following the three-dimensional CFD simulation of room airspace. A second exergy destruction model available in the literature was implemented as well. Both models were tested on one simplified case with available analytical solution. They were then utilized to estimate the airspace exergy destruction in an existing research data center. Both approaches proved to be adequate, although the one proposed in this work presented significant sensitivity to numerical inaccuracies compared to the second model, even leading to zones of artificial negative exergy destruction.
The Clinical Course of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter Admitted to Medical Intensive Care Units

To better understand the clinical course of patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter who are admitted to medi cal intensive care units (ICUs), we retrospectively re viewed the course of patients with either of these rhythms present on admission. Patients with atrial fibril lation and flutter accounted for 10% of the admissions to a combined intensive and coronary care unit over a 5- year period. These patients had an ICU mortality rate of 9.4%; the ICU deaths occurred exclusively in a subgroup of patients (60%) whose arrhythmia was associated with other serious illnesses. The subgroup of patients presenting with atrial fibrillation and flutter only had a benign course; this subgroup included patients in whom alcohol intake contributed to the rhythm disturbance. Complications occurred in 40% of patients and were predicted with multivariate analysis by (1) the presence of alveolar edema on the initial chest roentgenogram; (2) female sex; (3) diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 95; (4) chest ...
The ^2p final-state interaction in the ^3He(^3He, ɑ)2p reaction

The angular variation of the α-particle spectra from the reaction has been measured at 43.7 MeV and 53.0 MeV laboratory energy. The energy spectra show a prominent peak at the high-energy end and its angular distributions exhibit a pronounced diffraction pattern. Good fits to the spectra are obtained with the Watson-Migdal final-state formalism using the known p-p scattering parameters.
Prevalence of temporomandibular joint internal derangement in patients with craniomandibular disorders.

To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular joint internal derangement in patients with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders, bilateral imaging was performed in a consecutive series of 115 patients with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders. Ninety patients (78%) had different stages of unilateral or bilateral internal derangement, and 25 patients (22%) had normal temporomandibular joints bilaterally. Out of 230 joints, 60 showed disk displacement with reduction, 8 showed disk displacement without reduction, and 29 showed disk displacement without reduction associated with arthrosis. The study indicates that almost 80% of patients with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders have different forms of internal derangement.
Archaelogy and Cultural Nationalism In the American Southwest, 1895-1920

Traditional histories of archaeology have been described by a recent commentator as resembling travel journals, providing "an account of the slow journey out of the darkness of subjectivity and speculation towards objectivity, rationality, and science" (Murray 1989:56). In recent years new approaches to this subject have taken a more critical look at the tangled social and intellectual currents surrounding the development of archaeology. One of the least contestable points to arise from the current theoretical debates within the discipline is that of the fundamental relationship between the observer/scientist and the production of knowledge (for example, Leone 1986). This topic is central to modern sociocultural anthropology (Stocking 1983) and is particularly pertinent to the history the field.
Sharing Location Dependent Experiences in MANET

This paper investigates a new problem of sharing location dependent experiences among mobile hosts in mobile adhoc networks. An experience is location and observer dependent. In other words, experiences of different people witnessing the same event may be quite different. The ability to retrieve prior experiences observed in a given area in advance is very useful for newcomers wishing to enter the same vicinity. Solving this problem is vital for important applications such as hurricane rescue missions, combat missions, and deep space or deep sea exploration. In this paper, we propose a distributed solution that lets mobile hosts share their experiences efficiently. Our simulation results show that our approach significantly outperforms a centralized approach.
Digital Radiography Image Quality: Image Acquisition

This article on digital radiography image acquisition is the first of two articles written as part of an intersociety effort to establish image quality standards for digital and computed radiography. The topic of the other paper is digital radiography image processing and display. The articles were developed collaboratively by the ACR, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, and the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine. Increasingly, medical imaging and patient information are being managed using digital data during acquisition, transmission, storage, display, interpretation, and consultation. Data management during each of these operations has a direct impact on the quality of patient care. These articles describe what is known to improve image quality for digital and computed radiography and make recommendations on optimal acquisition, processing, and display. The practice of digital radiography is a rapidly evolving technology that will require the timely revision of any guidelines and standards. This document provides a basis for the technologies available today in clinical practice and may be useful in guiding the future clinical practice of digital radiography.
Residual fluorescence as an index of purity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Determination of fluorescence remaining after reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has reacted with excess acetaldehyde in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) is useful as a criterion of NADH purity when used in conjunction with other methods for determining purity such as the rate of reaction, the ratio of ultraviolet absorbances at 260 nm and 340 nm, the color, and the chromatographic homogeneity of the preparation. Measurement of residual fluorescence monitors the enzymatically inactive material which absorbs at 340 nm. The specific optical rotations of NADH at several wavelengths are also reported.
Gerontic Occupational Therapy and Patient Education: Perceptions, Barriers, and Needs

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to understand current practice of patient education by occupational therapy practitioners who work with the geriatric population. A 30-item survey was sent to 97 practitioners in the Indianapolis area. Seventy-eight (80.4%) returned the survey. Respondents reported that activities of daily living and safety were two topics taught most frequently. Verbal instructions and demonstrations were two main strategies of patient education. Clients’ cognitive function was the biggest factor considered when providing written information. Most respondents used written materials developed by their facilities. Over half of the respondents perceived that clients sometimes had difficulty understanding educational content. Time constraints and limited resources of educational materials were two main barriers to patient education. The majority of practitioners reported that they needed education materials that cover the topic of safety. Further research on developing effective and effic...
Implementing image applications on FPGAs

The Cameron project has developed a language and compiler for mapping image-based applications to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The paper tests this technology on several applications and finds that FPGAs are between 8 and 800 times faster than comparable Pentiums for image based tasks.
Encouraging Elementary Students To Set Realistic Goals

Abstract The ability to set realistic goals and work toward their attainment contributes to successful learning. The current study used a strategy, originally developed by Tollefson et al. (1984), to explore goal setting by elementary students. The strategy explored consisted of psychomotor and academic games that rewarded students who set high, but realistic goals. A realistic goal was defined as a goal that was challenging, but also achievable with sufficient effort by the student. The academic game involved having students set goals for the number of words they would spell correctly on a weekly spelling test. In the academic game, almost 2/3 of students in grades two through five were able to set realistic academic goals for themselves. Between 29% and 44% of the students at each grade level who did not set realistic goals for the psychomotor game did set realistic goals for the academic achievement contracts. While no grade level differences in goal setting ability were observed, there were gender dif...
Ideology and Spatial Voting in American Elections: The Political Perceptions of Citizens

If we are to understand what leads the voter to his decision at the polls we must know how he sees the things to which this decision relates. (Campbell, Converse, Miller, and Stokes 1960, 42) Political scientists are quite fond of bemoaning the levels of political knowledge and political competence of the American public. In fact, this general strain of pessimism is among the most common reasons that many scholars are skeptical of the spatial approach as a useful framework within which to analyze the decisions of voters. Spatial models typically assume that voters base their decisions on their relative ideological proximity to the candidates in a given election, which would seemingly require that a reasonably accurate perception of the positions of each candidate is held by most voters. This chapter is principally concerned with the question of how well ordinary citizens understand the true ideological stances of the candidates in presidential elections. In other words, do voters possess the tools to cast their votes based on which candidate is closest to them? The answers to these questions that are offered by the classic works in American political behavior (e.g., Campbell et al. 1960; Converse 1964; Kinder and Sears 1985; Zaller 1992) are not encouraging in terms of their suggestions about citizen attention, knowledge, or competence. How, then, can the findings of the previous chapters, which reveal an electorate that is able to cast reasonably accurate votes according to the spatial standard based on candidate positions, be reconciled with these earlier findings? This chapter examines citizen perceptions of candidate ideology using an extension of the survey and statistical methods employed in previous chapters.
Synthesis and properties of unusual π-networks : Cycloocta[1,2,3,4]-def]benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[6,7[biphenylene

Abstract The title compound, an example of a hydrocarbon containing three linearly fused 4n-membered rings, has been synthesized and characterized as a thermally stable species possessing no unusual chemical reactivity. Despite the presence of these conventionally antiaromatic structural units this hydrocarbon is predicted to have a net diamagnetic ring current. The NMR results, which are discussed in some detail, are shown to be consistent with this expectation. The impact of this result on the NMR criterion of aromaticity is discussed briefly.
Occupational Stress A Study of the Private Banks in Batticaloa District

Employees in many countries increasingly complain about high and rising levels of stress at work. As stress levels have increased, employers have faced rising medical bills, more accident insurance claims, increased absenteeism, and declining morale.
How changing technology should effect computer science and engineering education

This position paper presents a critical look at Computer Science and Engineering (CS & E) education from the perspective of what fundmental concepts may be missing. Changing technology will be shown to be such a dominant force that the ability to cope with the results of these changes needs to be explicitly taught. Secondly, learning about the human learning process will be suggested as an effective method for dealing with high rates of change. The author's perspective is from industry, although insight into the university process is claimed.
Commentary: Realizing the Vision Through Fieldwork Education

A systematic process for students to actively direct their own professional competence is needed with careful realignment of fieldwork placements to ensure acquisition of future professional competencies. This transformative habit should begin in the academic portion of their learning and further developed during field-work.
Herrnstein y la evolución del conductismo

ResumenResultan dificiles de identificar las suposiciones tacitas a las que Herrnstein atribuye el auge del analisis experimental de la conducta y que cree que deben exponerse y revisarse. Los supuestos que se establecen explicitamente deben revisarse constantemente, como en cualquier ciencia, pero los comentarios de Herrnstein no son particularmente utiles para ello. Los investigadores del condicionamiento operante no han descuidado las contribuciones geneticas relevantes; nunca han asegurado que los «impulsos» que utilizan en sus investigaciones constituyan una lista exhaustiva, y su. tratamiento de las clases de respuestas se aviene con los datos recientes sin necesidad de modificaciones importantes. Las intrusiones filogeneticas en la conducta ontogenetica, como las que se dan en el automodelado, se ven sobrepasadas por intrusiones que se dan en la direccion contraria. La teoria del autorrefuerzo que propone Herrnstein para explicar la conducta claramente atribuible a la seleccion natural constituye u...
Sequential Quadratic Programming

Since its popularization in the late 1970s, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) has arguably become the most successful method for solving nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. As with most optimization methods, SQP is not a single algorithm, but rather a conceptual method from which numerous specific algorithms have evolved. Backed by a solid theoretical and computational foundation, both commercial and public-domain SQP algorithms have been developed and used to solve a remarkably large set of important practical problems. Recently large-scale versions have been devised and tested with promising results.
Femoral Cortical Bone Mineral Density and Biomechanical Properties in Sheep Consuming an Acidifying Diet

Dietary acidity is a likely contributor to the development of osteoporosis. Dietary acidosis in an ovine model has effects on trabecular bone that have been previously shown to mimic human osteoporosis. Effects on cortical bone using this model have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary acidosis on cortical bone mineral density and material properties. Skeletally mature ovariectomized (OVX) sheep consumed either a normal diet (ND) or a metabolic acidosis diet (MA) for 6 or 12 months. Whole femoral and cortical bone beam BMD was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Beams were then subjected to three point flexure monotonically to failure to determine strength and modulus and then ashed to determine percent mineralization. Femoral BMD in adult OVX ND 6 mo sheep was significantly greater than those in the non-OVX ND group. The BMD in the MA groups was lower than the control non-OVX ND group. Cortical beams had significantly decreased modulus in all MA and OVX groups when compared with the non-OVX ND group and a tendency towards decreased strength in all groups with significance only in the OVX ND 6 mo sheep. Percent mineralization increased in MA and OVX groups when compared to the non-OVX ND group and was significantly increased in the OVX ND 6 mo and OVX MA 12 mo groups. A significant correlation was seen between BMD of the beam and breaking strength and modulus. Dietary acidity impacts cortical bone and results in reduced material properties that may contribute to failure.
1.6 Å crystal structure of YteR protein from Bacillus subtilis, a predicted lyase

The crystal structure of YteR, a 42.9-kDa cytosolic protein of unknown function from Bacillus subtilis, has been determined at 1.60 A by the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method. YteR represents a new protein fold, as at the time of deposition there were no homologous structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) according to BLAST1 and DALI2 searches. The 71 known members of YteR family are found in bacteria and fungi. B. subtilis YteR is so far the only member with known structure of the six-α-hairpin glycosyltransferases superfamily of the SCOP 1.65 database.3 Other members of this SCOP superfamily include glucoamylase, cellulase catalytic domain, N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase, the central domain of Lactobacillus maltose phosphorylase, and the C-terminal domain of bacterial glucoamylase. The nearest genomic neighbors of YteR are hypothetical protein BH0485 from B. halodurans (50% identity) and hypothetical conserved protein ({"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"Q8EPL5","term_id":"81746060","term_text":"Q8EPL5"}}Q8EPL5, 50% sequence identity) from Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831.
A Physician's Remembrance of 9‐11: Where We Were and Where We Are

Disaster preparedness has become more evident in our daily lives within the last decade. September 11, 2001 has put the fear of terrorism and even bioterrorism into our lives. We have become more cautious. Thanks to federal regulations and policies, and national media and other venues, we are not only more keenly aware of potential threats, we are also more prepared.
The frequency-area distribution of volcanic units on Venus: Implications for planetary resurfacing

The areas of volcanic units on Venus have been measured on the 1:5000000 geological maps published by NASA/USGS. These data were used to obtain a frequency-area distribution. The cumulative frequency-area distribution of 1544 specific occurrence of units cover six orders of magnitude from the largest unit (30 106 km2) to the smallest (20 km2). The probability distribution function has been calculated. The medium and large volcanic units correlate well with a power-law (fractal) relation for the dependence of frequency on area with a slope of 1.83. There are fewer small units than the expected values provided by the power-law relation. Our measurements cover 21.02% of the planetary surface, 3.59% of the study area was found to be tessera terrain and is excluded from this study of volcanism. The measurements were restricted to areas where geological maps have been published. The analysis was performed on two independent areas of the planet, with a complete coverage of published maps. In both areas the largest volcanic unit covers a significant portion of the surface (58.75% and 63.64%, respectively). For the total measured volcanic units (excluding tessera), these two largest units (that could correspond to the same unit or not) cover the 61.18% and they are stratigraphically superimposed on older volcanic units which cover 3.37% of the area. The remaining area (35.45%) is occupied by younger volcanic units stratigraphically superimposed on the large volcanic unit(s). These results are based on the independent mapping of a large number of geologists with different ideas about the geodynamical evolution of Venus and different criteria for geological mapping. Despite this fact, the presence of these very large units is incompatible with the equilibrium resurfacing models, because their generation at different ages would destroy the crater randomness. Our frequency- area distribution of the mapped volcanic units supports a catastrophic resurfacing due to the emplacement of the largest unit(s) followed by a decay of volcanism. Our data for the frequency-area distribution of volcanic units provide new support for catastrophic resurfacing models. It is difficult to make our observations compatible with equilibrium, steady-state resurfacing models.
Some Galois Extensions

Now that we have developed the machinery of Galois theory, we apply it in this chapter to study special classes of field extensions. Sections 9 and 11 are good examples of how we can use group theoretic information to obtain results in field theory. Section 10 has a somewhat different flavor than the other sections. In it, we look into the classical proof of the Hilbert Theorem 90, a result originally used to help describe cyclic extensions, and from that proof we are led to the study of cohomology, a key tool in algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, and the theory of division rings.
What do students learn about programming from game, music video, and storytelling projects?

Drag-and-drop learning environments like Alice (alice.org) and Scratch (scratch.mit.edu) eliminate syntax errors, making them attractive as ways to introduce programming concepts to students. Alice is closely associated with storytelling, Scratch was designed for creating music videos, and both can be used to create games. Having had students create each kind of project, we began to wonder: Do students learn different things creating games compared to music videos or stories? What programming constructs do students actually use (and hence learn well enough to be able to apply)? To answer these questions, we conducted a quantitative analysis of a collection of over 300 different student projects created using these tools. In examining different kinds of projects, we found significant differences in how frequently the students creating those projects used variables, if statements, loops, and dialog constructs.
Long-Range Regional Power Plant Siting Model

A linear programming model for long-range regional power plant siting is presented. Designed for use in energy planning studies as a bridge between energy scenarios and environmental transport models, it can also be used by siting agencies to analyze alternative siting strategies in terms of cumulative environmental impacts on a region, and to assess the economic penalties associated with various regulatory strategies. The model includes consideration of air, water, and land-use contraints, and is applied to the New York Power Pool in a simulation of the impact of various air pollution control strategies.
Intra-Operative Solutions for Ischemic Gastric Conduit

The most critical component of esophagectomy is the preparation of the esophageal replacement conduit and completion of the esophagogastric anastomosis. The preserved vascular perfusion and the functional motility of the esophageal conduit are essential for a successful postoperative outcome and good quality of life for the patient. The typical esophageal replacement conduit options that are available for esophageal replacement include the stomach, colon, and jejunum. Postoperative conduit necrosis is a potentially life-threatening event; therefore, the recognition of the associated clinical signs and symptoms are crucial. The appropriate management of conduit necrosis includes debridement, resection of the esophageal conduit, esophageal diversion, and staged esophageal reconstruction. The stomach is the most commonly utilized esophageal replacement conduit in the current practice for patients undergoing esophagectomy.
Acute hypoxia increases cytosolic calcium in cultured pulmonary arterial myocytes

The effects of hypoxia on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, were characterized in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (PASM) cells. Reducing O2 tension (PO2) from 150 to < 25 Torr induced a reversible 100-200% increase in [Ca2+]i that was characterized by two components: an early rise in [Ca2+]i that was dependent on the rate, as well as the magnitude, of decline in PO2 and a later, steady-state increase that was independent of the rate at which PO2 changed. Caffeine lowered [Ca2+]i during normoxia and blocked the early component of the response to hypoxia, whereas the steady-state hypoxic response was only partially inhibited. Like hypoxia, thapsigargin (TG) elevated [Ca2+]i, and there was no additional hypoxia-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i at any time after exposure to TG. At steady state, the hypoxic responses were completely reversed by removal of extracellular Ca2+, whereas, on average, verapamil and nifedipine attenuated the hypoxia-induced increases in [Ca2+]i by only 44 and 35%, respectively. These results suggest that hypoxia-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in PASM cells consists of an early release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and a later influx of extracellular Ca2+, in part, through nifedipine- and verapamil-insensitive Ca2+ channels. The results are consistent with the idea that hypoxia and thapsigargin may share common mechanisms for tonically increasing [Ca2+]i.
Multiple Molecular Data Sets and the Classification of Adult Diffuse Gliomas.

In these days of individualized precision medicine and “big data” generated by means of next-generation sequencing, there are expectations that new therapeutic strategies for cancer will be quickly conceived and then realized in the clinic. Next-generation sequencing has certainly provided new insights into some cancers, stimulating the study of underlying biologic mechanisms and the development of targeted treatments. But even when whole-genome sequencing reveals that the genetic landscape of a cancer consists largely of known recurrent mutations, the power of data sets from multiple complementary molecular platforms — exome, transcriptome, and microRNA sequencing alongside DNA methylation, DNA copy number, and . . .
A NEW SPECIES OF TINTINNABULARIA (APOCYNACEAE, APOCYNOIDEAE) FROM HONDURAS, WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES

Abstract: A new species from Honduras, Tintinnabularia murallensis, is described and illustrated. The new species broadens the current circumscription of the genus. An illustration of the new species is provided, as is a distribution map for all recognized species of the genus.
Ab Initio, Physically Motivated Force Fields for CO2 Adsorption in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks

We present an entirely ab initio methodology, based on symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), for constructing force-fields to study CO2 adsorption in nanoporous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Our approach utilizes the SAPT energy decomposition to generate physically motivated force fields for the CO2-ZIF interaction, with explicit terms representing exchange, electrostatic, induction and dispersion interactions. Each of these terms is fit to the corresponding term in the SAPT energy decomposition, yielding a force field entirely free of empirical parameters. This approach was utilized to construct force fields describing the CO2 interaction with both ZIF-8 and ZIF-71. In conjunction with our existing CO2–CO2 force field, parametrized in a consistent manner, we validate our force fields using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and obtain good agreement with the corresponding experimental CO2 adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, the explicit correspondence between force field terms and fu...
Effect of cultivation on emergence of eye gnats (Hippelates spp.) in South Carolina.

Two experiments using 10 field plots in Barnwell County, S. C., were conducted to determine the effect of cultivation on emergence of eye gnats. In Experiment 1, 2247 Hippelates were trapped on plowed and 17 Hippelates on unplowed plots. In Experiment 2, 1761 Hippelates were trapped on plowed and 74 on unplowed plots. The same 4 species were trapped in both experiments. They were H. pusio Loew, H. pusio variant, H. bishoppi Sabrosky, and H. dissidens (Tucker). The numbers of each species trapped of Hippelates , except H. dissidens in Experiment 2, increased significantly as a result of plowing.
Aluminum metal combustible dust explosion from improper design, construction and use of dust collection system sends two employees by life flight to burn centers.

On January 17, 2014, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Mobile Alabama Area Office conducted a media referral inspection due to an explosion which occurred at an aluminum sig...