cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Distress and Social Involvement in Quality of Life Among People With Spinal Cord Injury

Quality of life (QOL) is an important topic today, especially in rehabilitation research. Although there is debate on how to define QOL, our model suggests that QOL is a bi-direction model, either positive or negative. This article examines QOL as a dichotomy and how positive or negative experiences affect it. Participants included 125 people with SCI and 140 people without a disability who completed measures on QOL, depression, social interaction, and fatigue. Data were analyzed through use of chi-square, logistic regression, and multiple regression. Results indicated that different experiences can affect different aspects of QOL. It was also found that disability status did not affect how different variables affect QOL.
Remote Determination of Winds, Turbulence Spectra and Energy Dissipation Rates in the Boundary Layer from Lidar Measurements

Abstract Procedures are described for the analysis of lidar data to remotely measure 1) spectra of aerosol density fluctuations, 2) radial and transverse components of the mean wind and turbulent fluctuations of the transverse component of the wind velocity in the convective boundary layer, and 3) the kinetic energy dissipation rate. Results were compared with independent data obtained with a bivane anemometer installed at the 70 m level on a tower within the scanning sector of the lidar. Good agreement was obtained whenever the lidar data had adequate signal-to-noise characteristics (i.e., S/ greater than unity).
Stimulus Determinants of Sexual and Aggressive Behavior in Male Domestic Fowl1)

Stimulus factors eliciting sexual and aggressive responses in New Hampshire and Barred Plymouth Rock males were analyzed by tests with White Leghorn models and live females of several breeds. Sexual morphology was not a factor in response to the models. Postural position was important. Models in the crouching position did not elicit aggressive responses. Sexual responses were elicited by all models (male, female, crouching, aggressive stance, normal standing position) but the crouched models were most effective. Raised hackles on standing models tended to depress aggressive responses. The cocks were clearly differentiated into model reactors and non-reactors with most cocks failing to react. In general, model reactors were also more responsive to live females than non-reactors with the differences greatest with white females and with other-breed females in a choice situation involving own-breed hens. Group testing was. a reliable procedure for distinguishing reactors and non-reactors. Males reared in single-breed flocks were more responsive to own-breed females than to other breeds with the fewest responses to White Leghorn females. The low responsiveness of the cocks to the models was interpreted as reflecting the "White Leghorn" characteristics of the models rather than the absence of "liveness". Six males reared in isolation from other birds waltzed only to female chickens, but were never observed to mount a crouching female. After further experience three of these males mounted and copulated by forced matings with standing females rather than mounting females already crouching. One male "mated" biologically inappropriate stimulus objects and was not observed to copulate with a female. Females reared in isolation crouched to humans but did not respond to the waltzing of cocks. Hackle raising is interpreted as a threat display with both releaser and inhibitory functions and waltzing is tentatively interpreted as a specifically courtship oriented pattern released in the inexperienced male by the female fowl only.
The hagfish slime gland: a model system for studying the biology of mucus

The hagfish slime gland may provide a model system for studying certain aspects of the biology of mucus. Mucus is obtained in nonhydrated form by electrically stimulating the anesthetized hagfish and the secretions are stirred into ammonium sulfate. Centrifugation and filtration are than used to isolate the two major secretory products, mucous vesicles and threads. Specific advantages of the model and potential applications for research are discussed.
Ultrafast proton-coupled electron transfer in heterogenous photocatalysis

At metal-oxide/protic-solvent interfaces, partially hydrated or "wet electron" states represent the lowest energy pathway for electron transfer. Here we study the photoinduced charge transfer at the H 2 O/TiO 2 (110) interface by means of timeresolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy and electronic structure theory. At ~1 monolayer coverage of H 2 O on partially hydroxylated TiO 2 surfaces we find an unoccupied electronic state 2.4±0.1 eV above the Fermi level. Density functional theory shows this to be a two-dimensional "wet electron" state, which is distinct from hydrated electrons observed on water-covered metal surfaces. The decay of electrons from the wet electron state by the resonant charge transfer to the conduction band of TiO 2 occurs in ≤15 femtoseconds. Similar unoccupied electronic structure is observed for CH 3 OH covered TiO 2 (110) surfaces; however, the electron dynamics are considerably more complex. The wet electron state dynamics of CH 3 OH/TiO 2 exhibit both energy and population decay. The excited state lifetime is strongly coverage dependent increasing to >100 fs range above 1 ML CH 3 OH coverage. Significantly, a pronounced deuterium isotope effect (CH 3 OD) indicates a strong correlation between the interfacial electron transfer and the motion of protons in the molecular overlayer.
Anthropometric features and cardiovascular risk in young Latin Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare score systems used to estimate the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Methods: Fifty-seven Latin American patients with type 2 diabetes, between the ages 18 and 45 years, were screened to participate in a clinical research study evaluating the effects of intensive insulin therapy on both traditional and nontraditional CVD risk factors. All women were premenopausal and had regular menstrual periods. Baseline reviews of cardiovascular (CV) risk scores, personal history, physical examination, and laboratory screening were performed. The Framingham Study Score system and the presence of features of the metabolic syndrome (MSyn) were recorded and compared. Results: Both genders had a comparable number of features of the MSyn, whereas according to the Framingham Score System, men had a slightly higher risk of CVD. Conclusions: The Framingham Score system is not an accurate device to estimate risk of CVD in premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who otherwise have a multiple features of the MSyn. If used to estimate risk of CVD, the Framingham score system could underestimate the risk of CVD in both young men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Detecting antiferromagnetism of atoms in an optical lattice via optical Bragg scattering

Antiferromagnetism of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice can be detected by Bragg diffraction of light, in analogy to the diffraction of neutrons from solid-state materials. A finite sublattice magnetization will lead to a Bragg peak from the $(\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2})$ crystal plane with an intensity depending on details of the atomic states, the frequency and polarization of the probe beam, the direction and magnitude of the sublattice magnetization, and the finite optical density of the sample. Accounting for these effects we make quantitative predictions about the scattering intensity and find that with experimentally feasible parameters the signal can be readily measured with a CCD camera or a photodiode and used to detect antiferromagnetic order.
Non-Kondo prediction of Wilson ratio for heavy fermion systems

Abstract We propose a new two-electron band theory approach to treat correlated f-electron systems. This involves: first, an exact two-body treatment of the local correlations for a ‘solid-state atom’, i.e. non-spherical local environment of a cerium (or other pertinent) nucleus; then, turning on the interactions giving extended two-electron states (bands). This approach treats the hybridization and exchange Coulomb interaction effects within this two-body treatment on an equal footing. Without invoking the concept of Kondo resonance, it provides a non-magnetic singlet state competing, side by side with other, magnetic states. It explains the wide diversity in f magnetism and the heavy fermion phenomenology, including the specific heat and susceptibility, and most significant, provides an absolute prediction of the Wilson ratio, reproducing the experimental scale and trend in change of the Wilson (low-temperature susceptibility to specific heat) ratio on going from non-magnetic to magnetic heavy fermion m...
Interferon and antibody titrations using haemagglutinating togaviridae and trypsinized human erythrocytes

Abstract Several Togaviridae of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera agglutinate trypsinized human group 0 erythrocytes (THOE) (Shortridge and Hu, 1976). Haemagglutinin titers of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) measured with THOE were equivalent to, if not higher than, those obtained with Embden gander erythrocytes, even with unextracted haemagglutinin. Results obtained with THOE in JEV haemagglutination-inhibition tests on sera taken from a previously infected individual over a 20-yr period were similar to those measured during the initial JEV infection. The inhibition of SFV haemagglutinin production as measured with THOE was a very sensitive bioassay for chicken interferon: interferon titers were 6- to 10-fold higher than those obtained with the vesicular stomatitis virus plaque-reduction method. The generally greater availability of human erythrocytes (including those stabilized with gluteraldehyde), the simplicity of the trypsin treatment, and the possibility of using unextracted haemagglutinin recommend this technique for use with haemagglutinating Togaviridae.
Ras conformational switching: simulating nucleotide-dependent conformational transitions with accelerated molecular dynamics.

Ras mediates signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and development by cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound active and inactive conformational states. Understanding the complete reaction path of this conformational change and its intermediary structures is critical to understanding Ras signaling. We characterize nucleotide-dependent conformational transition using multiple-barrier-crossing accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations. These transitions, achieved for the first time for wild-type Ras, are impossible to observe with classical molecular dynamics (cMD) simulations due to the large energetic barrier between end states. Mapping the reaction path onto a conformer plot describing the distribution of the crystallographic structures enabled identification of highly populated intermediate structures. These structures have unique switch orientations (residues 25–40 and 57–75) intermediate between GTP and GDP states, or distinct loop3 (46–49), loop7 (105–110), and α5 C-terminus (159–166) conformations distal from the nucleotide-binding site. In addition, these barrier-crossing trajectories predict novel nucleotide-dependent correlated motions, including correlations of α2 (residues 66–74) with α3-loop7 (93–110), loop2 (26–37) with loop10 (145–151), and loop3 (46–49) with α5 (152–167). The interconversion between newly identified Ras conformations revealed by this study advances our mechanistic understanding of Ras function. In addition, the pattern of correlated motions provides new evidence for a dynamic linkage between the nucleotide-binding site and the membrane interacting C-terminus critical for the signaling function of Ras. Furthermore, normal mode analysis indicates that the dominant collective motion that occurs during nucleotide-dependent conformational exchange, and captured in aMD (but absent in cMD) simulations, is a low-frequency motion intrinsic to the structure.
The completed eight chloroplast genomes of tomato from Solanum genus

AbstractIn this study, we fully assembled eight tomato chloroplast (cp) genomes using next-generation sequencing data. It will provide valuable information for phylogenetic and cp genetic engineering studies of Solanum genus. The total genome size varied from 155,443 to 155,561 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,612–25,639 bp, which were separated by large single copy (LSC) and small single copy (SSC) of 85,857–85,911 bp and 18,362–18,387 bp in size, respectively. The overall GC contents of the chloroplast genome were 37.84–37.88%. The same set of 112 unique genes was annotated from eight cp genomes, including 78 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Among these, 17 are duplicated in the inverted repeat regions, 15 genes contained one intron, and three genes (rps12, clpP, and ycf3) comprising two introns.
Landscape metrics for analysing urbanization-induced land use and land cover changes

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of landscape metrics in quantifying the urbanization-induced land use and land cover (LULC) changes from a landscape ecology perspective using the City of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA as a case study. Two Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images, acquired on 3 October 2000 and 13 October 2006, respectively, and two Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper images, acquired on 22 October 1989 and 20 October 2000, respectively, were used for the study. Seven LULC types were identified: urban, agriculture, grasslands, forest, water, barren lands and wetlands. A series of landscape metrics were then computed for each LULC type and these metrics were used to compare the two ASTER-derived LULC maps with the two Landsat-derived maps. Results show that urbanization contributed significantly to LULC changes in the study area. Agricultural lands decreased and forests became more disaggregated. Grassland increased slightly in size and aggr...
Teaching digital library concepts using digital library applications

Many digital library topics may be taught using digital library applications, in the context of project-based digital library courses. Several digital library applications exist, and these applications are used as teaching tools to illustrate the functionality of digital libraries as well as the design decisions that go into them. Using digital library applications as teaching tools provides a valuable learning experience for students, and may provide useful feedback to the developers of DL applications. This paper identifies and explores DL topics that may most effectively be taught using DL applications, in the context of project-based DL courses.
Yin Yang 1 Phosphorylation Contributes to the Differential Effects of μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists on MicroRNA-190 Expression

μ-Opioid receptor regulates microRNA-190 (miR-190) in an agonist-dependent manner; fentanyl, but not morphine, decreases the miR-190 level in rat primary hippocampal neuron cultures and in mouse hippocampi. In this study, the correlation between the cellular content of miR-190 and the mRNA level of its host gene, talin2, suggested that fentanyl decreases the miR-190 level by inhibiting the transcription of talin2. Fentanyl-induced β-arrestin2-mediated ERK phosphorylation led to the phosphorylation of Yin Yang 1 (YY1). In addition, YY1 phosphorylation impaired the association of YY1 with the −208 to −200 region on the Talin2 promoter, and this association was essential for YY1 to stimulate the transcription of talin2. Thus, fentanyl decreased the transcription of talin2 and subsequently the cellular level of miR-190 by inducing YY1 phosphorylation. In contrast, because morphine induces ERK phosphorylation via the protein kinase C pathway, morphine did not induce YY1 phosphorylation and had no effect on the transcription of talin2 and the cellular content of miR-190. This study therefore delineates a signaling pathway that mediates the effects of fentanyl on miR-190 expression.
Inflammatory and redox responses to ischaemia/reperfusion in human skeletal muscle.

The objective of this study was to identify cellular and plasma marker(s) of post-I/R (ischaemia/ reperfusion) in patients undergoing elective knee surgery where a tourniquet was used to facilitate a bloodless surgical field. We evaluated the inflammatory and redox response by measuring the mRNA levels of ICAM-1 (intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1), MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase), GST-µ (glutathione transferase-µ) and Cu/ZnSOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) in the operated muscle and blood cells pre-operatively (pre-tourniquet) and at various times after reperfusion (tourniquet release). We also measured plasma concentrations of IL (interleukin)-6, IL-8, sICAM-1 (soluble ICAM-1), IL-1β and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) using ELISA. Our results show a strong induction of MnSOD and GST-µ in granulocytes (but not in mononuclear cells or muscle) after reperfusion (2 and 4 h). There was no change in the mRNA level of Cu/ZnSOD after reperfusion. An up-regulation of membrane ICAM-1 in muscle and a decrease in sICAM-1 in plasma were detected after reperfusion. Plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels (but not TNF-α or IL-1β) increased significantly over baseline at 2 and 4 h after reperfusion. Elevated expression of ICAM-1 in muscle, MnSOD and GST-µ in granulocytes and increased levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-8 may be considered as phase- and cell-specific markers of post-I/R of skeletal muscle in humans.
Interpretation of Crone pulse electromagnetic data

Time‐domain electromagnetic (TEM) prospecting systems, including the Crone pulse electromagnetic (PEM) system, are becoming more widely used in the search for massive sulfides. We have developed interpretation aids for the moving‐source configuration of the Crone PEM system using the PLATE and SPHERE programs developed by the University of Toronto. PLATE models a thin rectangular sheet in free space and SPHERE models a two‐layer sphere in free space. The effects of varying the model parameters, particularly the dip, depth, and conductance for large plates, are shown. As the dip of a plate goes from 0 to 90 degrees, the negative side lobe over the conductor becomes less pronounced. The depth can be estimated from the amplitude of the positive peak over the edge of a conductor. The depth of exploration for the Crone PEM system is approximately twice the coil separation for shallow dipping plates, and one coil separation for steeply dipping plates when there is not a significant half‐space or overburden resp...
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging breast cancer

Abstract Background: Determination of axillary nodal status is essential for the staging of breast cancer since nodal status is one of the most important predictors of survival. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the histology of the first draining lymph node (LN) accurately predicts the histology of the rest of the axillary LNs. Methods: Fifty-five patients with operable invasive breast carcinoma and clinically negative axillary lymph nodes were studied. Patients were injected with Technetium-99 ( 99 Tc) sulfur colloid around the primary tumor. A hand-held gamma detector probe was used to identify the sentinel LN (SLN). After the SLN was identified and removed, a level I and II lymphadenectomy was performed. Results: The SLN was identified in 53 (96.3%) of the 55 patients entered into the trial. The sensitivity was 88.2% and the specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 94.6%. The accuracy of the study was 96.2%. Conclusions: The SLN biopsy for breast cancer staging is highly accurate in our hands and has the potential to decrease the morbidity and cost of managing patients with breast cancer without compromise of staging.
Thermionic emission characterization of boron‐doped microcrystalline diamond films at elevated temperatures

A boron-doped polycrystalline diamond film was deposited on a molybdenum substrate and resistively heated in a high vacuum environment. The thermally excited emission current as a function of cathode temperature was measured. This phenomenon, known as thermionic emission, is characterized by electron emission arising from a surface at elevated temperatures and is described by the Richardson equation. The observed thermionic emission current from the diamond sample followed the Richardson equation from which a work function of 4.43 eV and a Richardson constant of ∼60 A/cm2K2 were observed. This indicates boron-doped polycrystalline diamond behaves as an interesting thermionic emitter for possible energy conversion and other electron emission applications.
The Rhetoric of Explanation: Explanatory Rhetoric from Aristotle to 1850.

Most rhetorical history has concerned itself with the theory of argumentative discourse as it developed from classical to modern times. This essay traces a parallel but much less investigated strand of rhetorical history: the theory and practice of explanation. The slow growth of a body of knowledge about how information could best be communicated without necessary reference to overt persuasion is followed from Aristotle's Rhetoric through the beginnings of a theory of written discourse in the American nineteenth century. A later continuation of this essay will trace explanatory rhetoric into modern times.
The Tim9p/10p and Tim8p/13p complexes bind to specific sites on Tim23p during mitochondrial protein import

The import of polytopic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) is facilitated by Tim9p/Tim10p and Tim8p/Tim13p protein complexes in the intermembrane space (IMS). These complexes are proposed to act as chaperones by transporting the hydrophobic IM proteins through the aqueous IMS and preventing their aggregation. To examine the nature of this interaction, Tim23p molecules containing a single photoreactive cross-linking probe were imported into mitochondria in the absence of an IM potential where they associated with small Tim complexes in the IMS. On photolysis and immunoprecipitation, a probe located at a particular Tim23p site (27 different locations were examined) was found to react covalently with, in most cases, only one of the small Tim proteins. Tim8p, Tim9p, Tim10p, and Tim13p were therefore positioned adjacent to specific sites in the Tim23p substrate before its integration into the IM. This specificity of binding to Tim23p strongly suggests that small Tim proteins do not function solely as general chaperones by minimizing the exposure of nonpolar Tim23p surfaces to the aqueous medium, but may also align a folded Tim23p substrate in the proper orientation for delivery and integration into the IM at the TIM22 translocon.
Middle terminal cell models for efficient over-the-cell routing in high-performance circuits

A new class of cell models called middle terminal models (MTM) is introduced. MTM-based cells allow flexibility in the selection of terminal locations and therefore utilize the over-the-cell (OTC) area more efficiently, as compared to cells based on existing models. For MTM-based designs, two new routers, MTM+V and MTM-V are presented. The first router is suitable for processes that allow vias over-the-cell and is based on an optimal Theta (K) algorithm for terminal row selection for over-the-cell channel routing, where K is the number of cell rows. The second router is suitable for the processes which do not allow vias in over-the-cell areas. This router consists of two key steps. The first step consists of the selection of a maximum planar set of nets for routing in between the terminal rows. For the second step, an optimal algorithm is developed for planar routing between the terminal row and the cell boundary. The experimental results on the PRIMARY I benchmark show that for a two-layer model, MTM-V performs 4.20% better than the best existing routers. >
A Person-by-Situation Approach to Emotion Regulation Cognitive Reappraisal Can Either Help or Hurt, Depending on the Context

Emotion regulation is central to psychological health. For instance, cognitive reappraisal (reframing an emotional situation) is generally an adaptive emotion-regulation strategy (i.e., it is associated with increased psychological health). However, a person-by-situation approach suggests that the adaptiveness of different emotion-regulation strategies depends on the context in which they are used. Specifically, reappraisal may be adaptive when stressors are uncontrollable (when the person can regulate only the self) but maladaptive when stressors can be controlled (when the person can change the situation). To test this prediction, we measured cognitive-reappraisal ability, the severity of recent life stressors, stressor controllability, and level of depression in 170 participants. For participants with uncontrollable stress, higher cognitive-reappraisal ability was associated with lower levels of depression. In contrast, for participants with controllable stress, higher cognitive-reappraisal ability was associated with greater levels of depression. These findings support a theoretical model in which particular emotion-regulation strategies are not adaptive or maladaptive per se; rather, their adaptiveness depends on the context.
Restoring End-to-End Resilience in the Presence of Middleboxes

The philosophy upon which the Internet was built places the intelligence close to the edge. As the Internet has matured, intermediate devices or middleboxes, such as firewalls or application gateways, have been introduced, thereby weakening the end-to-end nature of the network. As a result, applications must often modify their behavior to accommodate the middleboxes. This is is especially true in the case of transient failure of stateful devices. The failure of a middlebox causes it to lose the state it maintained, causing the failure of the associated TCP connections. Rather than assign the responsibility for recovery to applications, we incorporate a mechanism called an isolation boundary into TCP itself. The isolation boundary maintains a small amount of state across TCP connections, thus enabling reconnection. Furthermore, it does so without breaking backward compatibility with existing TCP. We present an implementation of the isolation boundary in the FreeBSD kernel and demonstrate its backward compatibility with TCP. We quantify the performance impact of the proposed mechanism on the establishment of new and resumed connections for both legacy and extended TCP stacks.
Iteration and abstract data types

Numerous languages have been developed which support the creation of abstract data types. Introductions to such languages typically provide the standard stack and complex number examples to demonstrate their respective expressive power. While such examples fit neatly into the framework of these languages, only a few have attempted to deal with the problems of iterating through an abstraction, such as the elements of a list. Two approaches to this problem are examined: action importation and data exportation. It is shown that data exportation is the more flexible of the two and a language construct supporting it is presented.
Number Use at Home by Children and Their Parents and Its Relationship to Early Mathematical Performance

The purpose of this research was to measure the frequency and variety of number activities occurring in the homes of pre-school and kindergarten children and to determine if there was a relationship between those activities and the children's mathematical performance. In two studies, parents were interviewed over the telephone and asked how often their child or they and their child had engaged in each of 33 number-related activities over the last week. Both studies found considerable variability in the frequency and type of number activities that children participated in at home. There was a positive correlation between the frequency of number activities that parents reported for their children and parental participation in the same activities. In addition, in study 2, parental reports of children's number activities at home were predictive of children's performance on a standardized test of early mathematical ability.
A Novel Cell Segmentation Method and Cell Phase Identification Using Markov Model

Optical microscopy is becoming an important technique in drug discovery and life science research. The approaches used to analyze optical microscopy images are generally classified into two categories: automatic and manual approaches. However, the existing automatic systems are rather limited in dealing with large volume of time-lapse microscopy images because of the complexity of cell behaviors and morphological variance. On the other hand, manual approaches are very time-consuming. In this paper, we propose an effective automated, quantitative analysis system that can be used to segment, track, and quantize cell cycle behaviors of a large population of cells nuclei effectively and efficiently. We use adaptive thresholding and watershed algorithm for cell nuclei segmentation followed by a fragment merging method that combines two scoring models based on trend and no trend features. Using the context information of time-lapse data, the phases of cell nuclei are identified accurately via a Markov model. Experimental results show that the proposed system is effective for nuclei segmentation and phase identification.
The Use of Clarification Sessions in the Treatment of Incest Victims and Their Families: An Exploratory Study:

The "clarification session" has been implicated as an important component of the treatment of families affected by incest. On the basis of information presented in clinical literature, however, the specific nature of this intervention varies widely. This exploratory study examined the practices and attitudes regarding clarification sessions of select members of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. Surveys were completed by 483 members. Results indicated that approximately 77% of respondents had experience in conducting clarification sessions. The top two reported reasons for conducting clarification sessions were for the perpetrator to assume all responsibility for the abuse and to decrease the level of self-blame of the victim. The majority of respondents concurred that several activities needed to occur prior to the clarification session, whereas less consensus was indicated for activities that were deemed essential during the clarification session. Respondents' practices, attitudes, and beliefs are discussed in terms of the current state of limited, empirically based knowledge in this area. Directions for future research are suggested.
Restricted additive Schwarz methods for Markov chains

SUMMARY The restricted additive Schwarz method is adapted to the problem of computing the stationary probability distribution vector of large, sparse, and irreducible stochastic matrices. Inexact and two-level variants are also considered as well as acceleration by Krylov subspace methods. The convergence properties are analyzed, and extensive numerical experiments aimed at assessing the effect of varying the number of subdomains and the amount of overlap are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONVEX BRUNNIAN LINKS

We prove that the Borromean Rings are the only Brunnian link of 3 or 4 components that can be built out of convex curves.
Health effects of multi-pollutant profiles.

Abstract Background The association between exposure to particle mass and mortality is well established; however, there are still uncertainties as to whether certain chemical components are more harmful than others. Moreover, understanding the health effects associated with exposure to pollutant mixtures may lead to new regulatory strategies. Objectives Recently we have introduced a new approach that uses cluster analysis to identify distinct air pollutant mixtures by classifying days into groups based on their pollutant concentration profiles. In Boston during the years 1999–2009, we examined whether the effect of PM 2.5 on total mortality differed by distinct pollution mixtures. Methods We applied a time series analysis to examine the association of PM 2.5 with daily deaths. Subsequently, we included an interaction term between PM 2.5 and the pollution mixture clusters. Results We found a 1.1% increase (95% CI: 0.0, 2.2) and 2.3% increase (95% CI: 0.9–3.7) in total mortality for a 10 μg/m 3 increase in the same day and the two-day average of PM 2.5 respectively. The association is larger in a cluster characterized by high concentrations of the elements related to primary traffic pollution and oil combustion emissions with a 3.7% increase (95% CI: 0.4, 7.1) in total mortality, per 10 μg/m 3 increase in the same day average of PM 2.5 . Conclusions Our study shows a higher association of PM 2.5 on total mortality during days with a strong contribution of traffic emissions, and fuel oil combustion. Our proposed method to create multi-pollutant profiles is robust, and provides a promising tool to identify multi-pollutant mixtures which can be linked to the health effects.
Effects of Delaying Implant and Programmed Rate of Gain on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Yearling Beef Steers1

Abstract Ninety-six steers (average BW = 335 ± 36 kg) were allotted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were 1) implant on d 1 or no implant and 2) ad libitum access to feed on d 1 or programmed-fed for a target BW gain of 1.4 kg/d during the first 62 d of the feeding period. On d 63, all steers were implanted with Revalor-S® (Hoechst Roussel Vet, Overland Park, KS) and provided ad libitum access to feed until harvest. From d 63 to 116, ADG and gain efficiency (g gain/kg DMI) for steers programmed-fed to gain slowly were greater (P
Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice in Mental Health Service Settings: An Overview of Developments in Implementation Theory and Research

Twenty years after Sobell's (1996) influential call to integrate advances in behavior therapy into clinical settings, significant progress has been made in implementation science. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of implementation research findings and highlight recent findings that can inform efforts to bridge the gap between research and practice in mental health service settings. Key findings are summarized, organized according to levels of influence described in two implementation frameworks: The Exploration, Planning, Implementation, and Sustainment Framework (EPIS; Aarons et al., 2011) and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR; Damschroder et al., 2009). Important levels of influence to consider when implementing new treatments include the outer context, inner context, characteristics of the individual, and characteristics of the innovation. Research on strategies to prepare clinicians to deliver evidence-based psychosocial treatments (EBPTs) and to address contextual barriers to implementation at each level is described, with discussion of implications for the implementation of EBPTs and next steps for research.
Robotic vs. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents; Reality or Hype

The rising prevalence of childhood obesity and concomitant increase in comorbid disease pose significant challenges for the health care system. While mounting evidence demonstrates the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery for severely obese adolescents, the potential role of robotic technology has not been well defined. The aim of this study was to establish the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (RSG) in treating severe adolescent obesity. In addition, 30-day outcomes and hospital charges were compared to subjects undergoing RSG versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). A retrospective analysis of 28 subjects (14 LSG vs. 14 RSG) at a single institution was conducted. Data collection included demographics, body mass index, comorbidities, hospital length of stay (LOS), operative time, 30-day outcomes, and hospital charges. Analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests. There were no differences in subject demographics or comorbidities. While median operative time was longer for RSG vs. LSG (132 vs. 100 min, p = 0.0002), the median LOS for RSG compared to LSG was shorter (69.6 vs. 75.9 h, p = 0.0094). In addition, RSG-related hospital charges were higher ($56,646 vs. $49,498, p = 0.0366). No significant differences in post-operative outcomes or complications were observed. RSG is equally safe and efficacious when compared to LSG among adolescents. Similar to studies in adults, LOS is shortened while hospital charges are higher. Larger prospective studies are needed to gain insight regarding cost benefit ratios.
l-NAME does not affect exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in Thoroughbred horses

The present study was carried out to examine the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition withN ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) on the right atrial as well as on the pulmonary arterial,...
The quasi-classical pure gyroscope

The classical relativistic theory of the pure gyroscope is used here as a model for the quasi-classical description of a spinning electron. Traditional WKB quantization requirements show that the constructed wave functions are asymptotic solutions of the first-order Dirac equation and that the eigenvalues of the first-order Dirac theory are reproduced in the cases tested.
Hemophilia-like disease following pregnancy with transplacental transfer of an acquired circulating anticoagulant.

1. A hemophilia-like disease acquired during the first pregnancy of a young woman, is described. 2. The clotting abnormality was caused by a circulating anticoagulant which, in all probability, inhibited the antihemophilic globulin. 3. The anticoagulant was demonstrated in the patient's second child during his first two and one-half months of life. 4. The transplacental transfer of the anticoagulant and the analogy of this condition to hemophilia (resistant to therapy) following iso-immunization against antihemophilic globulin, strongly suggest that an immunologic mechanism accounts for the development of this abnormality. 5. The patient recovered eighteen months after her second delivery and sixteen months after x-ray sterilization. The possible relation between endocrine factors and recovery is discussed.
Breaking the clause chains: Non-canonical medial clauses in Nungon

Clause chaining in Papuan languages is a keystone of the literature on switch-reference (Haiman & Munro 1983, Stirling 1993). Canonically, a clause chain is considered to comprise one or more ‘medial’ clauses, followed by a single ‘final’ clause. In Nungon and other Papuan languages, canonical clause chains coexist with non-canonical clause chains, which either feature medial clauses postposed after the final clause, or lack a final clause altogether. I examine the functions of non-canonical medial clauses in Nungon and other Papuan languages in a first attempt at a typology of these uses, given scanty data. Non-canonical medial clauses are argued to represent canny use of the features of clause chains and switch-reference systems to convey meaning efficiently. The exposition also solves an outstanding puzzle of the Amele switch-reference system (Roberts 1988, Stirling 1993).
Expression cloning

We present a novel approach to producing facial expression animations for new models. Instead of creating new facial animations from scratch for each new model created, we take advantage of existing animation data in the form of vertex motion vectors. Our method allows animations created by any tools or methods to be easily retargeted to new models. We call this process expression cloning and it provides a new alternative for creating facial animations for character models. Expression cloning makes it meaningful to compile a high-quality facial animation library since this data can be reused for new models. Our method transfers vertex motion vectors from a source face model to a target model having different geometric proportions and mesh structure (vertex number and connectivity). With the aid of an automated heuristic correspondence search, expression cloning typically requires a user to select fewer than ten points in the model. Cloned expression animations preserve the relative motions, dynamics, and character of the original facial animations.
Preference and performance of generalist and specialist herbivores on chemically defended host plants

1. Both the physiological efficiency (PE) hypothesis and the preference–performance (PP) hypothesis address the complex interactions between herbivores and host plants, albeit from different perspectives. The PE hypothesis contends that specialists are better physiologically adapted to their host plants than generalists. The PP hypothesis predicts that larvae perform best on the host plant preferred by ovipositing females. 2. This study tests components of both hypotheses using the specialist checkerspot, Euphydryas anicia, the generalist salt marsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea, and host plants in the genus Penstemon, which are defended by iridoid glycosides. 3. In laboratory experiments, the generalist preferred and performed significantly better on the less well defended host plant species. This is consistent with results from a common garden experiment where the less well defended Penstemon species received more damage from the local community of generalists. Larvae of the specialist checkerspot preferred the more chemically defended species in the laboratory, but performed equally well on both hosts. However, field experiments demonstrated that adult checkerspot females preferred to oviposit on the less well defended host plant. 4. Components of the physiological efficiency hypothesis were supported in this system, as the specialist outperformed the generalist on the more iridoid glycoside-rich host plant species. There was no support for the PP hypothesis, however, as there was no clear relationship between female preference in the field and offspring performance in the laboratory.
The Rate of Disappearance of Crystalline Egg Albumin Following its Intravenous Injection

Observations by Opie,' Jones,2 Mackenzie and Fruhbauer,3 Dean and others4 indicate that foreign proteins introduced into the blood stream are retained in the plasma over a period which varies greatly with the nature of the protein introduced. Such differences are of fundamental importance in relation to an understanding of the mechanism of elimination, destruction and neutralization of foreign proteins within the organism. But accuracy of comparison is disallowed at the present time by the absence of comprehensive quantitative data concerning the retention of individual proteins employed in relatively pure form. It is the purpose of this paper to present such data concerning the rate of disappearance of crystalline egg albumin introduced into the blood stream of rabbits.
Bus Financing in Urban Transport Projects in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities:

There is great potential for improving the financial sustainability of urban transport projects by rethinking how to structure projects in Mexico. In recent years, several Mexican cities have experienced a notable improvement in their urban transport services. However, as old structures are replaced by new schemes, new challenges arise. One of these challenges is discussed: how to improve bus financing in urban transport projects in Mexico. These projects are experiencing financial problems because the cost of formalization and the large investments required for service provision are placing pressure on tariff levels. Solutions range from local tax exemptions to direct government interventions (equity for the acquisition of buses) with a cost to local and state financing. However, these solutions do not take into account project structuring in terms of risk allocation. In Mexico, service providers are responsible for the acquisition of buses even if they have insufficient access to financing, and project ...
Barbarians and Other Neighbours

To bring any new paradigm to bear on the ancient question of the other is to enter an enduring debate. There is not space here to review the history of that debate in detail. But by attending in this chapter to the models of alterity at work during the Spanish conquest and evangelism of Mexico, we shall be able to focus on a number of its strands. For there were, on the Spanish side, those who invoked Aristotle’s classicist view that ‘others’ are incapable of rational self-determination. And there were those who, without jettisoning the classicist assumptions of their culture, nevertheless opposed Aristotle with the biblical injunction to ‘love your neighbour as yourself. Moreover, as we shall see, the Aztec model of alterity may be said to resemble the classicist pattern. Complicating matters further, it is in this historical context that Todorov believes he can discern, along with much that is to be condemned, ‘the first sketches of a future dialogue, the unformed embryos that herald our present’.1 In Todorov’s critique of the sixteenth-century encounter, therefore, we can also hear the voice of one committed to a dialogical model of alterity.
ANNs for quantifier learning and recognition

This chapter reviews the behavior of the LVQ networks closely. The LVQ architecture of the logical coordinators generalizes directly to the logical quantifiers, with the single difference of the addition of extra neurons to the competitive layer in order to cover more accurately the larger data space of the quantifiers. One of the ways in which the path of quantifier learning can be made smoother is by allowing the L1 neurons to inhibit one another. The activity-dependent weight addition tends to correlate the active neuron with its input; activity-dependent weight subtraction among neurons tends to decorrelate the active neuron from all the other neurons. The paths of competitive neurons head straight for their final position in Q7 and are separated from one another through the simulation, without the clumping together that characterized these same paths in the other simulations. The “error” created by a universal node capturing a high existential simulates the way in which people actually use the universals. It corresponds to the Labov's “loose” universal quantification.
Perioperative Occupational Exposure to Coxiella burnetii-Infected Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Stent Graft.

We conducted this study to determine the risk of transmission of Q fever to health care workers (HCWs) during perioperative exposure to Coxiella burnetii -infected thoracic endovascular aneurysm stent graft. Pre-operative and 6-week post-operative phase I and II IgG Q fever antibody titers were determined in 14 staff members of an operation room. The room had a negative pressure and all the members of the surgical team wore either a fitted N-95 mask or a powered purified air respirator. Phase I and II IgG antibody titers were <1:16 for 11 of the 14 studied HCWs; 2 HCWs did not follow up at 6 weeks and 1 had a pre-exposure phase II IgG titer of 1:128 with no change 6 weeks later. We concluded that risk of transmission of C. burnetii in the operating room from infected patient to HCWs who wore appropriate personal protective equipment is low.