cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Levelling the playing field in international financial markets: The Basel Accord revisited

The framework for financial services provision in a global context cannot ignore the issue of competition nor even consider it in isolation. Moreover, in the financial sector the level and degree of competition often necessitates balancing an assorted array of issues from arguments for static and dynamic efficiency to minimising rent‐seeking activities through proper supervision. In the end, it is design and implementation of laws and regulations which to a large degree can determine the stability and efficiency of financial markets both on national and international levels. As theoretical and empirical evidence has long indicated, however, there is a trade‐off betweeen assuring safety and soundness of resources. This paper argues that the operation of the financial sector as a whole will not be as effective if market discipline is relied upon to promote fair competition within financial markets as suggested in the 1999 Basel proposals.
Simplified Brayton Cycle Calculations for a Low BTU-Fueled Gas Turbine

A simplified thermodynamic cycle analysis for a simple cycle, low Btu fueled gas turbine with air extraction is derived. The analysis extends the simple “air cycle” analysis to include pressure losses, combustor efficiency, compressor discharge air extraction (or mass injection) and fuel mass addition without adding appreciable complexity to the equations. A parametric study with this analysis shows the enormous gains in output and efficiency possible with low Btu gaseous fuels if the gas turbine is not required to compress the fuel gas.Copyright © 1974 by ASME
Do generalized metastases occur directly from the primary

Abstract Based on 4728 autopsy reports from Roswell Park Memorial Institute and a relatively sophisticated statistical technique for testing hypotheses about processes of dissemination, an overall survey of primary and metastatic cancer sites has been made. The principal results are as follows: (1) Ordinarily the dissemination of metastatic cancer does not occur directly from the primary site. (2) A multi-step or ‘cascade’ process is involved. (3) The ‘cascade’ involves one or more intermediate sites—typically lung or liver but sometimes bones or other organs. (4) The specific steps in the cascade differ from one primary site to the next, but the general pattern is a multi-step process. (5) Once generalization occurs, the distinctions between primary sites diminishes and the generalized disease might be considered as a separate entity. These findings have immediate implications for research and therapy.
Resolution-Enhanced FT-IR Spectra of Soil Constituents: Humic Acid

Fourier deconvolution and second-derivative spectroscopy have been used to enhance the resolution of infrared spectra of humic acid (HA) extracted from dried municipal waste. The results demonstrate the extent to which the use of such resolution enhancement techniques can disclose new valuable information concerning the composition of complex heterogeneous samples. The findings are in good agreement with previously obtained solid-state NMR results.
Uncertain water supply in an irrigated Mediterranean area: An analysis of the possible economic impact of climate change on the farm sector

Abstract Analysis of the possible economic impact of climate change at the local level is becoming increasingly relevant to agricultural policy, in terms of the definition of new measures to sustain adaptation of the farm sector. This study focuses on a Mediterranean agricultural zone to evaluate the economic impact of rainfall regime changes that modify the accumulation of irrigation water in a dam. The objective is to identify farm typologies that suffer more from rainfall changes, in order to target policy measures that increase farm sector capability to adapt to climate change. First, an analysis of historical series is conducted for precipitation. The decreasing trend in annual precipitation, as well as an increase in monthly rainfall variability, is shown to have a statistically significant influence on the regime of water accumulation in the dam. Density functions representing this regime are estimated for several periods, including the 1960s–1970s, the current time and a time interval that extends to 2015. A comparison of these functions reveals an increase in variability of water accumulation in the dam through time. Parameters of these functions are used in three models of Discrete Stochastic Programming to represent different expectations of irrigation water availability and to simulate the possible reaction of the farm sector in the study area to the different scenarios. The simulation results show that both income and employment are noticeably reduced in some farm typologies when scenarios with higher variability levels for water accumulation in the dam are considered. In addition, changes in the use of soil are seen, the use of inputs declines and the quantity of extracted groundwater increases.
O‐Mode Emission at the Io Torus: A Real or Virtual Source?

We examine the nature of an ordinary (o-mode) emission observed near the Io plasma torus during the 1992 Ulysses encounter with Jupiter. The emission appears to intensify by factors of 10–100 in local torus density depletions. We examine whether these intensifications are due to local generation within the density depletion or reflection of a remotely generated emission. Based on the observed emission spectra, we find that a virtual source is most consistent with the character of the local enhancements. This virtual source observation near the dense torus may be relevant to the understanding of a newly discovered torus-related hectometric emission by the Galileo orbiter.
Rehabilitation of a patient with complete mandibulectomy and partial glossectomy

Following a number of radiologic and surgical procedures for the treatment of oral cancer, a patient with severe facial disfigurement and alteration of the vocal tract acquired acceptable speech. Consultation among referring physicians and speech pathologists can aid such a patient by facilitating the rehabilitative process through imporvement of communicative skills.
Gynecomastia-Like Hyperplasia of Axillary Ectopic Breast Tissue in a Young Female

Gynecomastia-like hyperplasia of orthotopic female breast tissue is a rare entity. We present the singularly unique case of a 22-year-old female who presented with a small axillary mass subsequently discovered to be a discrete deposit of ectopic breast tissue with gynecomastia-like hyperplasia. This case highlights the etiology, variable presentation, and evaluation of ectopic breast tissue.
Mineral Accumulation by Perennial Grasses in a High-Rainfall Environment

Mineral content affects the suitability of biomass for thermochemical conversion to bioenergy and represents macro- and micronutrients whose loss from the production system can impact subsequent regrowth and ecosystem services provided by perennial grasses. Genotypic differences in mineral content among cool-season grasses grown for seed are not well documented, and, consequently, the potential for genetic improvement of this trait is not known. This study compared the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, silicon, aluminum, boron, calcium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, sulfur, and zinc in leaves and stems from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) grown in the high-rainfall area of western Oregon. The concentration of C was similar in all grasses and in leaves and stems, but orchardgrass contained the greatest quantities of N, P, and K. The concentration of N was greater in leaf tissue, and similar among these grasses. There were differences in Cl, K, P, and Ca concentrations among these species and between leaf and stem tissues. Genotypic differences in the concentration of some of the minerals occurred among three varieties of tall fescue and among varieties of perennial ryegrass grown at two locations. Amounts of N, P, and K removed by harvest of 2.4 Mg ha − 1 of straw biomass of two perennial ryegrasses would range from 12 to 17, 3.4 to 3.8, and 40 to 47 kg ha −1 . Location had significant impact on mineral content, although plant mineral concentrations were not strictly correlated with soil composition.
Transference and resistance observed in behaviour therapy.

In this brief clinical paper, Rhoads and Feather present evidence countering the often-expressed statements (particularly by Wolpe and his followers) that neither transference nor resistance is encountered in behavior therapy. The authors demonstrate in three short but cogent clinical vignettes that these reactions can and do occur in the course of a strictly behavioral treatment model, as defined by Wolpe. Even more importantly, in two additional vignettes they indicate how combining psychodynamic understanding of these reactions with behavioral techniques makes it possible to overcome both transference and resistance obstacles.
Binding characteristics, hormonal regulation and identity of the sperm membrane progestin receptor in Atlantic croaker.

Abstract Recently a novel cDNA was discovered in spotted seatrout ovaries encoding a protein with seven transmembrane domains that has the characteristics of the membrane progestin receptor (mPR) mediating maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) induction of oocyte maturation in this species. Preliminary results suggested the MIS also activates an mPR on the spermatozoa of spotted seatrout and a closely related species, Atlantic croaker, to stimulate sperm motility. We show here that plasma membranes of croaker sperm demonstrate high affinity ( K d ∼ 20 nM), limited capacity ( B max 0.08 nM), specific and displaceable binding for progestins that is characteristic of mPRs. The MIS (17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20β-S) displayed the greatest binding affinity for the sperm mPR among the steroids tested. Treatment of croaker testicular tissue in vitro with gonadotropin caused a several-fold increase in sperm mPR receptor concentrations that was partially blocked in the presence of cyanoketone, which suggests this action of gonadotropin is partially mediated by stimulation of steroidogenesis. Protein bands of the predicted sizes for the mPR and its dimer (40 and 80 kDa) were detected by Western blotting of croaker sperm membranes using a specific antibody to the novel seatrout mPR (mPRα). Immunocytochemistry of whole croaker spermatozoa with the mPRα antibody showed that staining was primarily localized on the midpiece, consistent with a role of the mPRα in mediating MIS stimulation of sperm motility. The results suggest that the mechanism of progestin action on fish sperm involving mPRs is basically similar to that in mammals and has been evolutionarily conserved amongst vertebrates.
Dynamical screening of potential by mobile deuteron and fusion rate of accelerated deuteron in PdDx

The Coulomb potential between deuterons in the PdDx deutende is dynamically screened by the mobile deuterons as well as the electrons. The screening effect by the mobile deuteron at low temperatures is substantial. When the all deuterons become mobile, the fusion rate observed by Jones et al. can be achieved using the classical formula for the ion polarization function, however, the rate using the quantum mechanical formula becomes 10−6–10−7 times smaller than the classical one. By the small increase in deuteron energy, of the order of a few electron volts, the fusion rate in PdDx deuteride increases substantially. But after about 10 eV of deuteron energy, the fusion rate does not increase at such a high rate as it does in the low-energy region. The fusion rate observed by Jones et al. might be explained by the acceleration of the deuteron by the electric field created in the domain boundary between the region containing the deuteron and the region without the deuteron or by the avalanche-type propagation of the fracture.
Development of bioluminescent Salmonella strains for use in food safety

Salmonella can reside in healthy animals without the manifestation of any adverse effects on the carrier. If raw products of animal origin are not handled properly during processing or cooked to a proper temperature during preparation, salmonellosis can occur. In this research, we developed bioluminescent Salmonella strains that can be used for real-time monitoring of the pathogen's growth on food products. To accomplish this, twelve Salmonella strains from the broiler production continuum were transformed with the broad host range plasmid pAKlux 1, and a chicken skin attachment model was developed. Salmonella strains carrying pAKlux 1 constitutively expressed the luxCDABE operon and were therefore detectable using bioluminescence. Strains were characterized in terms of bioluminescence properties and plasmid stability. To assess the usefulness of bioluminescent Salmonella strains in food safety studies, we developed an attachment model using chicken skin. The effect of washing on attachment of Salmonella strains to chicken skin was tested using bioluminescent strains, which revealed the attachment properties of each strain. This study demonstrated that bioluminescence is a sensitive and effective tool to detect Salmonella on food products in real-time. Bioluminescence imaging is a promising technology that can be utilized to evaluate new food safety measures for reducing Salmonella contamination on food products.
New-Onset Amnestic Syndrome in AIDS Patients With Past History of Alcohol Abuse

Received April 16, 1998; revised May 20, 1998; accepted July 9, 1998. From the State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn. Address reprint requests to Dr. Viswanathan, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Campus Box 127, Brooklyn, NY 11203. Copyright 1998 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. There have been reports of Wernicke’s encephalopathy cases in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, but to our knowledge there is no report of amnestic (Korsakoff’s) syndrome cases without preceding signs of Wernicke’s encephalopathy in AIDS patients. It is important to recognize amnestic syndrome, as it may be reversible if treated promptly. However, it is easy to miss the diagnosis of an amnestic syndrome if a history of Wernicke’s encephalopathy is not present or is not elicited. We report three cases of new-onset amnestic syndrome in AIDS patients with past history of alcohol abuse, but who were currently abstinent.
Energy Dependence Effects On Performance Of Phototimers

The purpose of this paper is to communicate some observations on a some-what subtle aspect of the performance of x-ray phototimers: viz, the way in which their response depends on the x-ray energy spectrum and on the presence of scattered radiation. We specifically avoid the more basic question of sta-bility, reliability, and speed of response. Much of the phenomena which we have studied would, in the jargon of the radiological engineer, fall under the heading of "KVP dependence." However, from the point of view of the physicist, it is the effective energy, n, of the beam which emerges from the patient, ra-ther than the KVP, which is the relevant variable. The point is that E depends on both KVP and the amount and nature of the absorbing substance in the beam. For example, we would expect the beam emerging from a skull study at 80 KVP to have higher R than that of a chest film at the same KVP. If this difference were significant to the phototimer, then it would be meaningless to speak of a "KVP correction."
Sewage sludge incinerator ash effects on soil chemical properties and growth of lettuce and corn

Abstract Incineration reduces sewage sludge volume, but management of the resulting ash is an important environmental concern. A laboratory incubation study and greenhouse pot experiments with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were conducted to examine the potential for recycling elements in sewage sludge incinerator ash in agricultural systems. Ash rates in both the laboratory and greenhouse were 0, 0.95, 3.8, 15.2, and 61.0 g/kg soil (Typic Hapludoll). Ash was also compared to equivalent rates of citrate soluble P from superphosphate fertilizer in a soil‐less growth medium. During soil: ash incubation, Olsen P and DTPA extractable copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) increased with incubation time at the higher ash rates. Release rates diminished rapidly, however, and the limited release of these elements after 280 days was associated with decreasing pH. In the greenhouse, ash amendment increased extractable soil P, plant tissue P, and the growth of lettuce and corn. Ash ...
LET-dependent bystander effects caused by irradiation of human prostate carcinoma cells with X rays or alpha particles.

Abstract Anzenberg, V., Chandiramani, S. and Coderre, J. A. LET-Dependent Bystander Effects Caused by Irradiation of Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells with X Rays or Alpha Particles. Radiat. Res. 170, 467–476 (2008). Radiation-induced bystander effects have been demonstrated in both normal and tumor cells using a variety of different radiation qualities. Literature reports are contradictory, however, on whether there is an LET dependence of the bystander effect. This study investigated the ability of DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells irradiated with either α particles or 250 kVp X rays to cause medium-mediated bystander effects in unirradiated populations of DU-145 cells or in AG01522 human fibroblasts. The end points measured in both of the bystander cell lines were micronucleus formation, γ-H2AX focus induction, and the surviving fraction. The incidence of micronuclei increased 1.5–2.0-fold in both tumor and fibroblast bystander cells after 4 h of co-culture with DU-145 tumor cells that had been direct...
Measuring fairness across cultural contexts

Future economic game research should include: (1) within-culture comparisons between individuals exposed and not exposed to market integration; (2) use of a game (such as the "Sharing Game") that enables subjects to maximize their earnings while also maximizing those of the other participant; and (3) assessment of performance in a repeated-trials format that might encourage sensitivity to the games' economic contingencies.
MODELS FOR HIGH ENERGY ION INDUCED DESORPTION OF MOLECULES FROM SURFACES

Classical trajectory calculations of the desorption of large molecules from surfaces are considered. A linear chain of anharmonic oscillators is used to model the system. Results for the "popcorn" mechanism and for thermal desorption are given. In both cases the main mechanism for desorption is found to be the coupling of the expansion mode of the system to the desorption mode.
Dynamic weather forecaster: results of the testing of a collaborative, on-line educational platform for weather forecasting

The online Dynamic Weather Forecaster is an open, collaborative application available now to high-school and college instructors across the United States who would like to easily incorporate weather forecasting in their instruction. The application consists of a set of 13 questions that allow students to submit forecasts that cover most of the parameters used by professional weather forecasters. Submissions are automatically validated against weather parameters and graded. We tested the impact of the application on the learning of 199 undergraduate students in an introductory meteorology course in spring 2008. Students who begin forecasting early in the semester and continue to do so throughout the semester are statistically significantly more successful in the course than students who start late or complete a low number of forecasts. College, year in school, and gender were not significant predictors of success. Students found the application easy to use, and 92.3% of them found it at least somewhat helpful as they learned about the weather. Through the use of the DWF, students also experience first-hand that uncertainty is a critical part of weather forecasting and of scientific studies in general. With sufficient interest from potential users outside the USA, the DWF platform could easily be expanded to include global weather data.
Creatine and the control of energy metabolism in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in culture

Abstract The addition of creatine to the culture media in which either cardiac or skeletal muscle cells were grown resulted in an increased concentration of intracellular phosphorylcreatine. Since the only metabolic path known for the synthesis of phosphorylcreatine is via creatine phosphokinase, it is suggested that the mitochondrial enzyme activity was stimulated by creatine, and that the ADP formed as a product of the reaction became available for the oxidative phosphorylation. The rate of synthesis of ATP must have been stimulated prior to the net increase in phosphorylcreatine. This finding provides evidence that creatine might be involved in a regulatory feedback mechanism maintaining the energy source for contraction and not serving merely as an energy store in the muscle.
From the adult student's perspective: Accelerated degree programs

Key research has identified adult students' beliefs about the importance of structure, relationships, student identity, and related beliefs about learning, as well as suggesting a conceptual model.
The Use of Ammonium Carbamate as a High Energy Density Thermal Energy Storage Material

Phase change materials (PCMs) often have higher specific energy storage capacities at elevated temperatures. Thermal management (TM) systems capable of handling high heat fluxes in the temperature range from 20–100°C are necessary but lacking. State of the art PCMs in this temperature range are usually paraffin waxes with energy densities on the order of a few hundred kJ/kg or ice slurries with energy densities of the same magnitude. However, for applications where system weight and size are limited, it is necessary to improve this energy density by at least an order of magnitude. The compound ammonium carbamate, [NH4][H2NCOO], is a solid formed from the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide which endothermically decomposes back to CO2 and NH3 in the temperature range 20-100°C with an enthalpy of decomposition of ∼2,000 kJ/kg. Various methods to use this material for TM of low-grade, high-flux heat have been evaluated including: bare powder, thermally conductive carbon foams, thermally conductive metal foams, hydrocarbon based slurries, and a slurry in ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. A slurry in glycol is a promising system medium for enhancing heat and mass transfer for TM. Progress on material and system characterization is reported.
An Evaluation of Implantation-Disordering of (Inga)As/Gaas Strained-Layer Superlattices

We have examined the optical and transport properties of In/sub 0/ /sub 2/Ga/sub 0/ /sub 8/As/GaAs strained-layer superlattices (SLS's) which have been implanted either with 5 x 10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/, 250 keV Zn/sup +/ or with 5 x 10/sup 14//cm/sup 2/, 70 keV Be/sup +/ and annealed under an arsenic overpressure at 600/sup 0/C. For both cases, electrical activation in the implantation-doped regions equalled that of similar implants and anneals in bulk GaAs, even though the Be implant retained the SLS structure, while the Zn implant intermixed the SLS layers to produce an alloy semiconductor of the average SLS composition. Photoluminescence intensities in the annealed implanted regions were significantly reduced from that of virgin material, apparently due to residual implant damage. Diodes formed from both the Be- and the Zn-implanted SLS's produced electroluminescence intensity comparable to that of grown-junction SLS diodes in the same chemical system, despite the implantation processing and the potential for vertical lattice mismatch in the Zn-disordered SLS device. These results indicate that Zn-disordering can be as useful for strained-layer superlattices as in lattice-matched systems.
Usage of High -Fidelity Software -Based Avionics Components in Flight Simulation Systems

[Abstract] The increasing cost and complexity of aircraft avionics requires that highfidelity simulators be created for pilot training. The cost and difficulty of creating these simulators means that training is either expensive, time-limited, or lacks in fidelity. Since the avionics add much of the cost to the simulator, better methods are needed for incorporating these avionics into simulator systems. This paper explores a method for incorporating high-fidelity avionics into simulator systems that is cost-effective and offers clear advantages both for avionics manufactures and simulator manufacturers.
Depression and Self-Rated Health Among Rural Women Who Experienced Adolescent Dating Abuse A Mixed Methods Study

This study used mixed methods to examine the experiences and health of rural, young adult women (N = 100) who self-reported past experience of physical, emotional and verbal, sexual, and relational abuse in adolescent dating relationships. Few studies have examined the lasting health ramifications of adolescent dating abuse adolescent dating abuse in rural populations, and almost no mixed methods studies have explored adolescent dating abuse. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, relationship behaviors, and mental health symptoms. A subsample (n = 10) of participants also completed semi-structured, in-depth interviews with the primary investigator. Results suggest that depressive symptoms and self-rating of health in these women are associated with particular kinds and severity of abusive experiences, and that adolescent dating abuse has ramifications for health and development beyond the duration of the original relationship. Self-rated health (SRH) was inversely associated with abusive ...
On the generation of nearly optimal, planar paths of bounded curvature and bounded curvature gradient

We present a numerically efficient scheme to generate a family of path primitives that can be used to construct paths that take into consideration point-wise constraints on both the curvature and its derivative. The statement of the problem is a generalization of the Dubins problem to account for more realistic vehicle dynamics. The problem is solved by appropriate concatenations of line segments, circular arcs and pieces of clothoids, which are the path primitives in our scheme. Our analysis reveals that the use of clothoid segments, in addition to line segments and circular arcs, for path generation introduces significant changes on issues such as path admissibility and length minimality, when compared with the standard Dubins problem.
Symbiodinium migration mitigates bleaching in three octocoral species

Abstract Coral reefs are increasingly threatened by bleaching, a breakdown of the mutualism between coral hosts and symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.). Symbiont movement within a host may mitigate the effect of environmental stressors that trigger bleaching. Octocorals represent an important component of reef ecosystems, and the alcyonacean taxa Phenganax parrini, Sarcothelia sp., and Sympodium sp. were experimentally perturbed. In colonies subject to elevated temperature (incubated at 30–32 °C to a maximum temperature of 31.5–33.5 °C) and illumination, the number of Symbiodinium decreased in the tissue but increased in the gastrovascular system, with only a small proportion of symbionts expelled. Following within-colony symbiont migration, the three octocoral species retained high densities of symbionts in the coenenchyme. Nevertheless, variable mortality and retention occurred (≈ 85, 0, and 53% of the initial number of Symbiodinium were calculated to have died and ≈ 15, 100, and 45% were calculated to have been retained by P. parrini [maximum 33.5 °C, 24 h], Sarcothelia sp. [maximum 31.5 °C, 16 h], and Sympodium sp. [maximum 31.5 °C, 24 h], respectively). The perturbation responses could be due to genetic differences between the hosts or symbionts, or to a host–symbiont interaction. Mitochondrial (mtMutS and COI) and nuclear (28S rDNA) gene sequences demonstrated that Sympodium sp. and Sarcothelia sp. are closely related xeniids but are only distantly related to P. parrini. Conversely, internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA regions showed that P. parrini and Sarcothelia sp. hosted Symbiodinium types D4-5 and D4-5-9, respectively, while Sympodium sp. had a type C1 variant. Architectural features of the host colonies may also be relevant, with runner-like features of P. parrini possibly limiting symbiont retention due to high surface/low volume coenenchyme. Despite these differences, all three alcyonaceans exhibited symbiont migration and symbiont retention when perturbed. Further research on additional taxa will be necessary to determine the relative role of host–Symbiodinium interactions and host architectural features in modulating the mitigation of bleaching via migration.
An AES, LEED, and CO chemisorption study of copper overlayers on Rh(100)

Abstract A model bimetallic system Cu/Rh(100) has been prepared by the thermal evaporation of copper onto a Rh(100) surface and studied by Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and CO chemisorption. At 115 K, the copper overlayer growth follows a layer-by-layer mechanism at least to the third layer. The first monolayer grows pseudomorphically with respect to the Rh(100) substrate while the second monolayer grows epitaxially with a Cu(100) structure. Upon annealing the copper film, the first two layers are stable up to the copper desorption temperature while the copper deposits in excess of two layers nucleate to form three-dimensional copper islands on top of the copper bilayer. For CO chemisorption, copper blocks rhodium sites on a one-to-one basis and induces a weakening of the Rh-CO bond. CO on monolayer copper on Rh(100) exhibits an enhanced bonding strength with respect to bulk copper. The CO chemisorptive properties are discussed in the context of the electronic and geometric structures of this model bimetallic system.
Eliciting a Distal Gesture via Dynamic Assessment Among Students With Moderate to Severe Intellectual Disability

This study attempted to elicit distal gestures within dynamic assessment structured sampling events from six children with moderate to severe intellectual disability (ages 8-13). Using four communication temptations and a least-to-most prompting hierarchy across three sessions, three participants who had both pre-symbolic and preintentional communication demonstrated an initial distal gesture, often in response to a choice making temptation. Clinical implications are discussed with regard to the utility of dynamic assessment structured sampling activities.
Improving Outpatient Oncology Practice: Several Steps Into a Long Journey

Results of the recently reported United pilot indicate that more work is needed to create alternatives to the buy and bill system.
New Genes Originated via Multiple Recombinational Pathways in the β-Globin Gene Family of Rodents

Species differences in the size or membership composition of multigene families can be attributed to lineage-specific additions of new genes via duplication, losses of genes via deletion or inactivation, and the creation of chimeric genes via domain shuffling or gene fusion. In principle, it should be possible to infer the recombinational pathways responsible for each of these different types of genomic change by conducting detailed comparative analyses of genomic sequence data. Here, we report an attempt to unravel the complex evolutionary history of the β-globin gene family in a taxonomically diverse set of rodent species. The main objectives were: 1) to characterize the genomic structure of the β-globin gene cluster of rodents; 2) to assign orthologous and paralogous relationships among duplicate copies of β-like globin genes; and 3) to infer the specific recombinational pathways responsible for gene duplications, gene deletions, and the creation of chimeric fusion genes. Results of our comparative genomic analyses revealed that variation in gene family size among rodent species is mainly attributable to the differential gain and loss of later expressed β-globin genes via unequal crossing-over. However, two distinct recombinational mechanisms were implicated in the creation of chimeric fusion genes. In muroid rodents, a chimeric γ/e fusion gene was created by unequal crossing-over between the embryonic e- and γ-globin genes. Interestingly, this γ/e fusion gene was generated in the same fashion as the “anti-Lepore” 5′-δ-(β/δ)-β-3′ duplication mutant in humans (the reciprocal exchange product of the pathological hemoglobin Lepore deletion mutant). By contrast, in the house mouse, Mus musculus, a chimeric β/δ fusion pseudogene was created by a β-globin → δ-globin gene conversion event. Although the γ/e and β/δ fusion genes share a similar chimeric gene structure, they originated via completely different recombinational pathways.
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF SPONTANEOUS CONJUNCTIVAL FOLLICULOSIS OF MONKEYS : I. TRANSMISSION AND FILTRATION EXPERIMENTS

Spontaneous folliculosis of Macacus rhesus monkeys—a type of follicular conjunctivitis associated with marked, local, inflammatory reactions—is apparently a disease sui generis, due to a specific infectious agent. It can be transmitted from monkey to monkey by means of subconjunctival injection of suspensions, and by conjunctival swabbing of the secretions, of affected tissues, or by contact of normal animals with folliculosis monkeys. The agent causing folliculosis has failed in our hands to pass through Berkefeld and Seitz filters, even those of an unusual degree of permeability; and the lesions that it causes show no cellular inclusions suggestive of the action of a virus. The condition is due apparently to an organism of low grade pathogenicity. The essential histopathological structure corresponds to that of a folliculoma (16) which, while not identical with a granuloma, bears certain resemblances to the latter. The studies here reported concern only one species of monkey, Macacus rhesus. Further investigations will be carried out on different species of Anthropoidea and other animals.
MRI of selected sports injuries: Muscle tears, groin pain, and osteochondritis dissecans

This article discusses three selected areas of sports medicine in which MRI is useful. The first is muscle injuries and includes the MRI findings in muscle tears, contusions, and myositis ossificans. The second section discusses the usefulness of MRI in imaging the athlete with groin pain, which is a difficult clinical problem for the orthopedist. The ability of MRI to differentiate between such causes of groin pain as osteitis pubis, bursitis, and stress fractures is shown. The final section covers plain radiographic and MRI findings in osteochondrits dissecans. Also discussed is the MRI staging of osteochondritis dissecans, which is important in treatment decisions and surgical planning.
The role of AUTS2 in neurodevelopment and human evolution

The autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) gene is associated with multiple neurological diseases, including autism, and has been implicated as an important gene in human-specific evolution. Recent functional analysis of this gene has revealed a potential role in neuronal development. Here, we review the literature regarding AUTS2, including its discovery, expression, association with autism and other neurological and non-neurological traits, implication in human evolution, function, regulation, and genetic pathways. Through progress in clinical genomic analysis, the medical importance of this gene is becoming more apparent, as highlighted in this review, but more work needs to be done to discover the precise function and the genetic pathways associated with AUTS2.
MR Imaging of Extrasynovial Inflammation and Impingement About the Knee

The knee has unique anatomy regarding the relationship between the synovial and capsular layers, with interposed fat pads at certain locations. The extrasynovial impingement and inflammation syndromes about the knee are underdiagnosed and should be included in the differential diagnosis of anterior knee pain. MR imaging is the best imaging modality for evaluation of the anatomy and disorders of these extrasynovial compartments.
Shrinkage Mitigation Strategies in Cementitious Systems: A Closer Look at Differences in Sealed and Unsealed Behavior

Shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRAs) and saturated lightweight aggregates (LWAs) are increasingly used to reduce shrinkage cracking of concrete mixtures. While both methods show great potential, to obtain the full anticipated benefits of either SRA or LWA the boundary conditions of the concrete element must be carefully considered and understood. Addressed are shrinkage and shrinkage cracking behavior of concrete with sealed and unsealed boundaries. The sealed concrete undergoes self-desiccation, while the unsealed concrete simultaneously experiences both self-desiccation and external drying. The research work presented provides a theoretical and experimental demonstration of the differences in the shrinkage behavior of mixtures containing SRA and LWA. Data are provided from experiments that demonstrate the benefits of SRA and LWA under sealed and unsealed conditions. Theoretical considerations explain the influence of boundary conditions on shrinkage and cracking of concrete. This has important implicati...
Closed loop tests of the NASA sapphire phase stabilizer

A cryogenic sapphire phase stabilizer (SPS) has been developed to meet microwave oscillator phase noise requirements. The SPS uses a high-Q, X-band sapphire dielectric whispering-gallery mode resonator as a discriminator to stabilize a quartz crystal oscillator. At an untuned frequency of 7.9449 GHz with a loaded Q of 6 million, an "open loop" discriminator noise floor (referred to 100 MHz) of approximately S/sub phi/(f) = -110 dB/f/sup 3/(/Hz) was previously reported for offset frequencies from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. Precise tuning of the sapphire resonant frequency now allows implementation of simplified control loops together with suppressed-carrier phase sensing circuitry. These improvements make possible an ultralow-noise demonstration of closed-loop SPS performance. From 1 Hz to 1 kHz a comparison of the SPS with a quartz crystal reference oscillator of the highest quality showed only the noise of the reference oscillator. These results appear to represent the lowest phase noise in a closed-loop or active sapphire oscillator to date at temperatures achievable with liquid nitrogen (77 K or higher). >
Pemphigus vulgaris--a model for cutaneous autoimmunity.

P emphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare, life-altering disease that is most likely to occur in individuals with one of two known human leukocyte antigen haplotypes. In Asian populations, the risk of developing the disease is linked to aDR6 allele, while in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, the linkage is with the DR4 haplotype DR B1*0402. The disease shows an estimated incidence of 1/100,000 individuals yearly. PV, the most common form of pemphigus, typically develops during mid-life and is prone to remissions and relapses. The clinical presentation is insidious, with the development of persistent and steadily worsening painful ulcers in the mouth. After a variable period of time, painful blisters and erosions then arise on the head and neck, and subsequently the disease extends to involve the trunk and extremities. In extreme variants, the majority of the skin surface is denuded. Before the use of systemic corticosteroids in the 1950s, the mortality rate was estimated at 50% at two years, and approached 100% at five years. The use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs has reduced the mortality rate to less than 10%, but serious morbidities from drug side effects are still common. The patients that do succumb usually die, not directly from the disease, but from complications of immunosuppressive treatment such as overwhelming infection. Throughout the past 60 years, key advances have occurred that have enhanced our ability to diagnose, treat, and understand the pathogenesis of PV. In 1941, Civatte described the histology of PV. This description served to define the key diagnostic criteria of acantholysis; namely, a vesicle or bulla resulting from detachment of differentiating ker-
Political economy and the ghosts of the past: revisiting the Spanish and Romanian transitions to democracy

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan’s opus on democratic transition and consolidation put Spain and Romania at the extreme ends of these processes and paid little attention to the domestic and external economic constraints on the transition process. This paper interrogates these claims. It shows that in retrospect Spain looks a lot less exemplary and Romania a lot less hopeless than this iconic contribution suggested at the time. Moreover, while external economic shocks and local attempts to buffer them through social compensation shaped both transitions, Romanian governments faced balance of payments crises and international policy conditionality constraints, while their Spanish counterparts did not. This difference invites a greater appreciation of the role of political economy analyses when comparing the policy options of political elites ruling in times of democratic transition and consolidation.
Frequency Tunable Attosecond Apparatus

The development of attosecond technology is one of the most significant recent achievements in the field of ultrafast optics; it opens up new frontiers in atomic and molecular spectroscopy and dynamics. A unique attosecond pump-probe apparatus using a compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer is developed. The interferometer system is compact (∼290 cm2) and completely located outside of the vacuum chamber. The location reduces the mechanical vibration from vacuum components such as turbopumps and roughing pumps. The stability of the interferometer is ∼50 as RMS over 24 hours, stabilized with an active feedback loop. The pump and probe fields can be easily altered to incorporate multiple colors. In the interferometer, double optical gating optics are arranged to generate isolated attosecond pulses with a supercontinuum spectrum. The frequencies of the attosecond pulses can be selected to be in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region (25–55 eV, 140 as) or the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region (15–24 eV, ∼400 as) by metal filters. Furthermore, the near infrared probe field (1.65 eV) can be upconverted to the ultraviolet (3.1 eV). The frequency tunability in the XUV and VUV is critical for selecting excited states of target atoms and molecules.
In Search of the Golden Mean in the Gun Debate

The American gun debate is stuck and has been for a long time. Both sides remain trapped by their own hyperbolic rhetoric and reasoning fallacies, with the result that partisans are being heard only by those who already agree with them. This essay asserts that there is such a thing as “reasonable middle ground” in the gun debate and seeks to prove it by analyzing five specific measures that have the potential to reduce gun violence without infringing legitimate Second Amendment rights: (1) bolstering federal support for research into the causes and prevention of gun violence, which Congress has blocked since the 1990s; (2) extending instant background checks, currently required only for sales by licensed firearms dealers, to all gun sales; (3) requiring gun purchasers to demonstrate their knowledge of state gun laws and basic gun safety rules and also their ability to safely handle the gun they are purchasing; (4) mandating security measures by retail gun sellers to prevent theft; and (5) implementing microstamping technology that would enable law enforcement to trace crime guns and ammunition cartridges found at crime scenes, facilitating the apprehension and prosecution of violent criminals. Certainly, other, more substantial measures exist that would be effective in combating gun deaths and injuries, but this essay purposely selected limited measures with the hopeful goal of getting people to recognize that there may well be a “golden mean” in the gun debate.
The effects of mindfulness training and individual differences in mindfulness on social perception and empathy

xv, 173 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Active Control of Nonlinear Free Vibrations of a Beam and a Composite Plate Using Piezoelectric Self-Sensing Actuators

This paper employs a coupled structural-electrical finite element modal formulation for the control of nonlinear free vibrations of beams and composite plates. Multiple modes of the nonlinear free vibration are considered in the closed loop simulations. Two different controllers are designed and investigated for the suppression of nonlinear free vibrations. The first one is the position output feedback controller comprised of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and an extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Unlike the standard Kalman Filter based on linearized system equations, EKF considers the nonlinear state space matrix and has a gain sequence evaluated on-line. Thus the LQR/EKF nonlinear controller has more accurate state estimation over linear quadratic Gaussian controller for the nonlinear dynamics. The second controller is the output feedback adaptive LQR/EKF controller. This adaptive controller includes an adaptive modal frequency identification and state estimation algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the adaptive LQR/EKF controller with system identification is effective to suppress nonlinear free vibrations of a beam and a composite plate with unknown sudden frequency changes. The placement of piezoelectric self-sensing actuators is based on two approaches: one is the norm of optimal feedback control gain matrix (NFCG) method and another is the H2 norm.
Renormalization Group Adaptation to Equations of State From Molecular Simulation

We have previously demonstrated how combination of Discontinuous Molecular Dynamics (DMD) and Thermodynamic Perturbation Theory (TPT) can be employed to characterize the entire phase diagram from molecular simulations. Nevertheless, the precision of that characterization in the (nonanalytic) critical region is unavoidably limited by the analytic behavior inherent in TPT. In the present work, we adapt White’s Renormalization Group (RG) methodology to address this deficiency. We applied the DMD/TPT/RG methodology to n-alkanes ranging in molecular weight to 1122 (C80) with emphases on the asymptotic behavior in the long chain limit. Critical properties were estimated in the approach to the long chain limit whereas experimental measurements become sparse at molecular weights above 506 (C36). For example, the critical temperature of polyethylene is estimated at roughly 1300 K and we are able to speculate that the critical compressibility factor is lower than previous estimates of Zc = 0.2. Where experimental d...
Comparison of Biomass-Derived Turbine Fuels with the Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method

In recent years, civilian and military users of aviation kerosene have been interested in expanding the scope of fuel feed stocks to include nonpetroleum sources. The most well-known examples of such alternative sources of fuel are the Fischer−Tropsch fluids made from coal and natural gas. In addition to these feed stocks, there is great interest in biomass derived sources for aviation fuels. It is unlikely that a completely new, drop-in replacement fuel will be successful in the foreseeable future, but an intermediate goal is to extend or enhance present petroleum derived stocks. For this to be done on a rational basis, careful attention must be paid to fuel properties, one of the most important of which is the fluid volatility as expressed by the distillation curve. In this paper, we apply the composition explicit distillation curve method to examine three aviation fuels made from camelina (a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae), from castor seed (Ricinus communis), and from plant isopr...
Differential diagnosis of enlargements of the kidney.

(1950). Differential Diagnosis of Enlargements of the Kidney. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 466-470.