cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN APTIAN CYCADEOID FROM THE BUDDEN CANYON FORMATION, ONO QUADRANGLE, CALIFORNIA

ABSTRACT We describe a cycadeoid trunk from the Aptian Chickabally Member, Budden Canyon Formation in Ono, California. Our diagnosis of the specimen as a cycadeoid was initially based on the presence of mucilage canals in the pith and the structure of the secondary xylem. This determination was subsequently supported by recognition of the distinctive morphology of the surface of the primary body of eroded cycadeoid trunks. The latter may aid in the identification of otherwise enigmatic Mesozoic fossils. This specimen is the third cycadeoid to be reported from northern California and slightly extends the known geographic range of the group within the state.
Educational opportunities for medical students and young orthopaedic surgeons.

As part of its strategic mission, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) recently created the Council on Academic Affairs. The Council's mission is to meet the needs and expectations of AAOS Fellows working in an academic practice setting as well as to address the needs of orthopaedic residents and candidate members. The Council is composed of six committees: Diversity; Candidate Members; Medical Student, Resident, and Fellow Education; Academic Advocacy; Clinician Scientist Programs; and Academic Business and Practice Management. This report will focus on the activities of the Candidate Members and the Medical Student, Resident, and Fellow Education Committees. The primary mission of the Candidate Members Committee is to serve as an avenue of advocacy for orthopaedic surgeons who will become members of the AAOS. It is the entry portal for this important group of future members and leaders. The AAOS is committed to doing everything possible to help our young members by immediately giving them the opportunity to establish a relationship with the Academy. Our young members want information from the AAOS about job opportunities and about selecting a practice. They seek information and education from the AAOS about Board certification within their specialty. They want more in-depth knowledge of the business side of medicine, licensing, and contract negotiations, which they may not have received in their residency programs. They have spent the last twelve to fourteen years learning how to become an orthopaedic surgeon yet very little time learning about how one does that successfully in today's complex health-care environment. The more information the AAOS can provide in a technology-friendly (Internet) manner, the better, as this generation is far more technologically savvy than the current membership. To this end, the Resident and Candidate Member web site has been upgraded and expanded and now contains links to many AAOS …
Trophic Position of the Endophytic Beetle, Mordellistena aethiops Smith (Coleoptera: Mordellidae)

Although many species of tumbling sower beetles (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) are common and abundant, little is known of their life histories. Larvae of most species seem to be phytophagous, and acts of predation are considered rare and accidental. In this study, we dissected host plants of the endophytic mordellid Mordellistena aethiops Smith and subjected plant and insect samples to stable isotope analysis to determine trophic position. Dissections indicated that M. aethiops is a predator of the gall former Antistrophus rufus Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and possibly its parasitoids. Ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen conÞrmed that prey constitute a signiÞcant proportion of the diet of the mordellid larvae but also revealed that some insects species and/or life stages, particularly hymenopteran parasitoids, may not enrich nitrogen isotopes as predicted by stable isotope theory, which currently is based primarily on predators.
Diagnosis of Clostridium Difficile-Associated Intestinal Disease

Toxigenic Clostridium difficile is the major cause of antimicrobial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis and is the etiological agent of approximately 30% of cases of nonspecific colitis and diarrhea (without colitis) induced by antimicrobial agents. In addition, C. difficile has been implicated in certain intestinal diseases not related to prior antimicrobial administration. C. difficile has been reported to be one of the most common enteropathogens isolated from stool specimens submitted to hospital laboratories. Thus, diagnosis of C. difficile-associated intestinal disease should now be routinely performed in diagnostic clinical laboratories. The diagnosis of C. difficile-associated intestinal disease relies on the demonstration of either the organism or the toxin(s) in stool specimens or antibody response in serum to the toxin(s). Several selective medium are available for the recovery of C. difficile from stool specimens. The toxin(s) of C. difficile can be demonstrated using a variety of techniques, including biological assays as well as immunological assays. This article will review the techniques currently available to aid in the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated intestinal disease.
X-chromosome inactivation and escape

X-chromosome inactivation, which was discovered by Mary Lyon in 1961 results in random silencing of one X chromosome in female mammals. This review is dedicated to Mary Lyon, who passed away last year. She predicted many of the features of X inactivation, for e.g., the existence of an X inactivation center, the role of L1 elements in spreading of silencing and the existence of genes that escape X inactivation. Starting from her published work here we summarize advances in the field.
Phase field mapping for accurate, ultrafast simulations of directed self-assembly

Block copolymer self-assembly is a powerful tool for nanoscale patterning which benefits from predictive simulations. Two classes of simulations are self-consistent field theory (SCFT), which is accurate but computationally expensive, and phase field models, which are faster but historically less accurate. We refine a mapping procedure that uses results from SCFT to optimize parameters in a phase field model for diblock copolymers. We validate the performance of this optimized phase field model with regards to accuracy and computational speed in perfect and defective configurations. The optimized phase field model is significantly faster than SCFT and more accurate than previous phase field models, making it a viable design tool for directed self-assembly processes.
TELLING ENGLISH IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: QUITE ANOTHER STORY

The purpose of the present study is to examine how first-year Thai undergraduate students who learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL) using referential forms in telling a coherent story in English. Participants were at intermediate level of English proficiency. Using Mayer's wordless picture book “Frog, Where Are You?” (1969) as prompts, the participants were asked to tell the story in English. The narratives were tape-recorded and later analyzed. The data were coded on three criteria: (1) referential forms (2) discourse contexts and (3) grammatical functions. The result of the study demonstrates that Thai EFL learners employ several linguistic expressions to maintain clear reference to the characters in their narratives, one of which is using a full noun phrase when referring to a character first introduced in the story and one already mentioned. A pronoun is used if the referent is the subject of the previous clause. This finding suggests that Thai EFL learners' referential strategies in narratives are similar to those of the native English speakers to a certain extent. Possible factors accounted for their limited linguistic abilityto achieve complete discourse cohesion in English storytellinginclude language transfer, over-explicitness, and topic discontinuity.
Forecasting the impacts of chemical pollution and climate change interactions on the health of wildlife.

Global climate change is impacting organisms, biological communities and ecosystems around the world. While most research has focused on characterizing how the climate is changing, including modeling future climatic conditions and predicting the impacts of these conditions on biodiversity, it is also the case that climate change is altering the environmental impacts of chemical pollution. Future climate conditions are expected to influence both the worldwide distribution of chemicals and the toxi- cological consequences of chemical exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental changes associated with a warming global climate (e.g., increased average - and possibly extreme - temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter conditions; reduced ocean pH; altered salinity dynamics in estuaries) have the potential to enhance organism susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Addi- tionally, chemical exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to cope with the changing environmental conditions of the shifting climate. Such reciprocity in the interactions between climate change and chemicals illustrates the complexity inherent in predicting the toxicological consequences of chemical exposures under future climate scenarios. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the potential reciprocal effects of climate change and chemical toxicity on wildlife, and depict current ap- proaches and ongoing challenges for incorporating climate effects into chemical testing and assessment. Given the rapid pace of new man-made chemistries, the development of accurate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in an ecologically relevant context will be critical to understanding toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects of chemical pollutants under future climate scenarios (Current Zoology 61 (4): 669-689, 2015).
Electromagnetic Compatibility Performance of Electronic Transformers

For promoting the electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)and stability of electronic transformers(ETs),we proposed some new detection methods,including adding tests of small capacitive current in disconnector besides EMC tests required by national standard to simulate strong electromagnetic interference.The EMC performance was tested on 40ETs.We also analyzed the EMC performance test in both item setting and results,and analyzed the theory and result of tests for small capacitive current of disconnector in detail.Then we put forward some important factors which were susceptible to electromagnetic interference in ETs and the corresponding improvement measures,by analyzing the ETs' electromagnetic working environment and the interference routes.The test results show that the faults of the surge immunity performance of ETs are the most obvious,which can be conquered by adding components to inhibit surge in power ports of merging unit and collector.Since the existing EMC performance tests are insufficient for evaluating ETs' anti-inteference capability,the proposed test for small capacitive current of disconnector is necessary in ETs' performance tests.
Temperature Influence on Pyrite Crystallization Growth Under Conditions of Thermal-Sulfurization

Natural conditions and formation process for pyrite were simulated.A laboratory vacuum tube furnace heater was used through the thermal curing process between 250℃ and 410℃.Responses were captured from the experimental study at different temperatures under the conditions of pyrite crystallization growth.Using the methods such as scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis,the authors analyzed the pyrite in crystal form and structure.The results show that it is formed between 250℃ and 410℃,but it is low in degree of crystallization between 250℃ and 280℃.The partial crystal faces begin to grow between 310℃ and 340℃,and better crystal planes occur at 360℃.It has euhedral crystals that appear as cubes and octahedrons at 380℃.When it is 410℃,the pyrite crystallizes completely with a single composition.
Sex, statins, and diabetes

Readers comment on emergency contraception (November 2012), adrenal masses (December 2012), and the use of statins for primary prevention in women (December 2012).
Targeting Enhanced Services Toward High-Cost, High-Need Medicare Patients

High-cost, high-need patients account for disproportionate health-care costs. In the Medicare population, 5 % of fee-for-service beneficiaries account for 39 % of total Medicare spending. There are many inpatient, outpatient, and community-based services that can meet the complex needs of high-cost, high-need Medicare patients. Twenty-first-century health-care reform offers new opportunities to translate evidence-based models of care for complex patients into practice. New care delivery mechanisms such as Accountable Care Organizations and Home-Based Primary Care can improve quality of care and reduce costs. New incentives, such as hospital readmission penalties and outpatient reimbursement for care coordination, can also help traditional health-care delivery systems to enhance services for high-cost, high-need Medicare patients.
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

This chapter presents a list of differentiation formulas to include the trigonometric functions. The correspondence between values of sin x and the angle x is exhibited to a limited number of significant digits in the tables of the natural trigonometric functions. Given any numerical value of the angle x, one may readily determine the approximate numerical value of sin x, which corresponds to the angle. Sin x depends on x and is a function of x.
Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: A Few Unaddressed Issues

Abstract Issues related to waste management in the context of Indian Cities still requires a path finder as most of the SWM planners and Executers are still in the dark which part of the SWM rule 2002 needs to be addressed in the primary stage. In fact finding it hard to plan and execute it was thought it may be better to change certain part of the rules which is not even 15 years old. A draft rules awaits approval and most of the people are not actually knows what is being changed and why. In fact this part of the facilities has never been considered as part urban infrastructures neither the citizen's opinion was asked in any stage while framing the rules or while even changing it for betterment. The present paper generates Certain issues related to Waste management which have been experienced while being involved in various cities in national and International arena and picks up certain unaddressed issues related to Waste management in Indian Cities. The main aim of this paper is to combine the opinion with a learned group of participants and try to evolve an effective pathway for its management. One of the most prominent factors which is missing in the entire process is the role of Community as a stake holder and their inclusion in the entire process.
The Gains from Restricted Trade

It is clear that after 1934 German exchange control, formerly an instrument of monetary policy, had become a device for regulation of the direction, the composition, the volume, and the terms of international trade, i.e. it had become an instrument of commercial policy. From 1935 to 1938 about 80% of Germany’s foreign transactions were consummated via clearing channels where each receipt and each payment was closely regulated. Those transactions made in normal foreign exchange channels were subject to supervision and control of even greater severity. We have already suggested, in the preceding chapters, that Germany gained a net advantage from its minute and meticulous regulation of its foreign trade. There remains to be discussed the extent of Germany’s gain from restricted trade.
LiTell: indoor localization using unmodified light fixtures: demo

Owing to dense deployment of light fixtures and multipath-free propagation, visible light localization technology holds potential to overcome the reliability issue of radio localization. However, existing visible light localization systems require customized light hardware, which increases deployment cost and hinders near term adoption. We present LiTell, a simple and robust localization scheme that employs unmodified fluorescent lights (FLs) as location landmarks and commodity smartphones as light sensors. LiTell builds on the key observation that each FL has an inherent characteristic frequency, which can serve as a discriminative feature. It incorporates a set of sampling, signal amplification and camera optimization mechanisms, that enable a smartphone to capture the extremely weak and high frequency (> 80 kHz) features. We have implemented LiTell as a real-time localization and navigation system on Android. In our experiments, LiTell demonstrates high reliability in discriminating different FLs, and great potential to achieve sub-meter granularity.
Renal Dysfunction in Hepatic Failure

Renal function impairment is a frequent occurrence in chronic or acute hepatic failure. The consequences of renal involvement may have an adverse impact on patient outcomes by damaging distant organs, further worsening hepatic function. Most patients with cirrhosis, especially those with ascites, have at least one form of renal impairment. In this chapter, we discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and types of renal involvement in patients with end-stage liver disease.
Global-Service Learning and Student-Athletes: A Model for Enhanced Academic Inclusion at the University of Washington

Abstract Background The University of Washington (UW) continues to create opportunities to engage all students in transformational undergraduate educational opportunities, such as study abroad. Objective This article describes specific efforts to increase inclusion for student-athletes in study abroad, particularly for first-generation students, including low-income students of color. Given the overrepresentation of students of color in sports vis-a-vis the larger student body at predominantly white institutions (PWIs), like UW, service-learning in communities beyond campus boundaries provides opportunities to apply international learning to a local context and to create a continuum of learning. Methods By coupling educational theories from the classroom—particularly theories related to power and privilege—with community-based leadership in local communities, students are better prepared to actively engage in improving their own institutions. During the summers of 2013, 2014, and 2015, the author was the instructor for study abroad courses to French Polynesia with student-athletes. The courses were for 12 days (10 days on the ground and 2 days of flying), the maximum time that football players could be away from required summer workouts. This paper examines student evaluations from the French Polynesia trip in 2015. Findings Student-athlete evaluations of a study abroad experience underscored: the transformative impact of study abroad to their academic, social, and athletic lives; the benefit of creating family-like relationships outside the confines of their sport; an appreciation for the many forms where indigenous knowledge resides, such as in navigation, dance, fishing, weaving, and cooking; intense feelings of culture shock upon return to the US, even when the trip is short in duration; a desire to engage with the diverse communities in Seattle beyond the scope of the program's structure, and; frustration, particularly for the male student-athletes, about the ways coaches, family, and friends wanted to frame the study abroad experience as a tourist experience in the South Pacific. In this regard, the student-athletes encountered stereotypes from their own communities that framed Oceania as a place for tourism, and student-athletes as uninterested in deep engagement with research and theory–stereotypes that the student-athletes resist. Conclusions This paper explains how the findings, coupled with Hartman and Kiely’s theories for global service learning (GSL), lead to recommendations for strengthening the future connections between global and local learning for students.
Deleting the HCN1 Subunit of Hyperpolarization-Activated Ion Channels in Mice Impairs Acoustic Startle Reflexes, Gap Detection, and Spatial Localization.

It has been proposed that the high temporal and spatial acuities of human listeners and animals tested in the hearing laboratory depend in part on the short time constants of auditory neurons that are able to preserve or sharpen the information conveyed in the timing of firing of auditory nerve fibers. We tested this hypothesis in a series of in vivo experiments, based on previous in vitro experiments showing that neuronal time constants are raised in brainstem slices when HCN1 channels are blocked or in slices obtained from Hcn1 −/− null mutant mice. We compared Hcn1 −/− and Hcn1 +/+ mice on auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and behavioral measures. Those measures included temporal integration for acoustic startle responses (ASRs), ASR depression by noise offset, and ASR inhibition by gaps in noise and by shifts of a noise source along the azimuth as measures of temporal and spatial acuity. Hcn1 −/− mice had less sensitive ABR thresholds at 32 and 48 kHz. Their wavelet P1b was delayed, and wave 2 was absent in the 16 kHz/90 SPL waveform, indicating that groups of neurons early in the auditory pathways were delayed and fired asynchronously. Baseline ASR levels were lower in Hcn1 −/− mice, temporal integration was delayed, time constants for ASR depression by noise offset were higher, and their sensitivity to brief gaps and spatial acuity was diminished. HCN1 channels are also present in vestibular, cutaneous, digestive, and cardiac neurons that variously may contribute to the deficits in spatial acuity and possibly in ASR levels.
Water deficit‐induced changes in transcription factor expression in maize seedlings

Plants tolerate water deficits by regulating gene networks controlling cellular and physiological traits to modify growth and development. Transcription factor (TF)-directed regulation of transcription within these gene networks is key to eliciting appropriate responses. In this study, reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the abundance of 618 transcripts from 536 TF genes in individual root and shoot tissues of maize seedlings grown in vermiculite under well-watered (water potential of -0.02 MPa) and water-deficit conditions (water potentials of -0.3 and -1.6 MPa). A linear mixed model identified 433 TF transcripts representing 392 genes that differed significantly in abundance in at least one treatment, including TFs that intersect growth and development and environmental stress responses. TFs were extensively differentially regulated across stressed maize seedling tissues. Hierarchical clustering revealed TFs with stress-induced increased abundance in primary root tips that likely regulate root growth responses to water deficits, possibly as part of abscisic acid and/or auxin-dependent signaling pathways. Ten of these TFs were selected for validation in nodal root tips of drought-stressed field-grown plants (late V1 to early V2 stage). Changes in abundance of these TF transcripts under a field drought were similar to those observed in the seedling system.
PERSISTENCE AND ADHERENCE WITH PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Background: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have shown reductions in LDL-C levels in patients uncontrolled by statin and/or ezetimibe therapy.
Improving Transitions to Postacute Care for Elderly Patients Using a Novel Video-Conferencing Program: ECHO-Care Transitions

Abstract Purpose Within 30 days of hospital discharge to a skilled nursing facility, older adults are at high risk for death, re-hospitalization, and high-cost health care. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a novel videoconference program called Extension for Community Health Outcomes-Care Transitions (ECHO-CT) that connects an interdisciplinary hospital-based team with clinicians at skilled nursing facilities reduces patient mortality, hospital readmission, skilled nursing facility length of stay, and 30-day health care costs. Methods We undertook a prospective cohort study comparing cost and health care utilization outcomes between ECHO-CT facilities and matched comparisons from January 2014-December 2014. Results Thirty-day readmission rates were significantly lower in the intervention group (odds ratio 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.96; P-value .04), as were the 30-day total health care cost ($2602.19 lower; 95% CI, −$4133.90 to −$1070.48; P-value Conclusion Patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities participating in the ECHO-CT program had shorter lengths of stay, lower 30-day rehospitalization rates, and lower 30-day health care costs compared with those in matched skilled nursing facilities delivering usual care. ECHO-CT may improve patient transitions to postacute care at lower overall cost.
WiP Abstract: Cybermanufacturing in the Shared Economy

The Advanced Manufacturing Program 2.0 envisages a rejuvenationof the manufacturing infrastructure in the USA. Many of therejuvenated plants are not human-labor intensive; rather, thesefacilities have advanced capabilities that have automated machineswith a few human operators. As such programs are rolled outto revitalize the economy, we will have many small facilities thatare highly automated to execute specific tasks. However, whenthe market demands vary, it is very likely that the utilization ofsuch advanced plants with limited, highly optimized, capabilitieswill decrease. To mitigate the losses that can arise from such idleresources, we are investigating a new framework in which suchautomated and optimized plants can be reused and shared across arich variety of manufacturing applications. A cloud-hosted serviceoffers a front end for manufacturing tasks to be submitted whileit makes resource allocation and scheduling decisions across thegeographically distributed plants.
Tamoxifen sensitivity-related microRNA-342 is a useful biomarker for breast cancer survival

// Jessica Young 1, 3, * , Tsutomu Kawaguchi 1, * , Li Yan 2 , Qianya Qi 2 , Song Liu 2 and Kazuaki Takabe 1, 3 1 Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA 2 Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA 3 Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Kazuaki Takabe, email: kazuaki.takabe@roswellpark.org Keywords: breast cancer, tamoxifen, response, prognostic biomarker, microRNA Received: June 15, 2017 Accepted: September 08, 2017 Published: October 06, 2017 ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the crucial regulators of cancer progression. Some miRNAs are reported to be related to the response of breast cancer to tamoxifen (TAM). In this study, we investigated whether the levels of TAM response-related miRNAs translate to patient survival. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed. Four TAM response-related miRNAs, miR-221, miR-222, miR-342, and miR-451, were identified by literature search. Patients with high expression of miR-342, related to TAM sensitivity, were associated with better survival in TCGA cohort (Overall Survival (OS), p=0.02; Disease Free Survival (DFS), p=0.03, respectively), and in two other independent GEO cohorts (OS, p=0.02 and p=0.0007, respectively). High expression of miR-342 was associated with significantly better survival in ER-positive patients (p=0.04), but not in ER-negative or triple-negative patients. Surprisingly, high expression of miR-451, reported to increase the sensitivity to TAM, was associated with worse survival (p=0.002). MiR-221 and miR-222 did not show any significance in survival. Lastly, GSEA demonstrated that lower miR-342 expression was significantly associated with the enrichment of TAM resistance-related gene expression, and higher miR-342 expression with TAM sensitivity-related gene expression, but miR-221, miR-222 and miR-451 were not. For the first time, we used “big data” from TCGA and GEO cohorts to analyze multiple miRNAs with respect to survival impact and TAM sensitivities. We demonstrated that TAM sensitivity-related miR-342 could be a promising biomarker, especially in luminal type breast cancer patients.
A sample-autocorrelation-based approach for monitoring power-system damping from ambient synchrophasor data

Estimation of power-system damping from synchrophasor frequency measurements is studied. Specifically, a procedure for determining the damping of a dominant mode from the turns ratio of the sample autocorrelation function is outlined. The main contribution of the work is to then develop performance bounds on the damping estimates, and demonstrate approximation of these bounds entirely from the measurement data. The technique has been applied to archived historical data from the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), and a real-time implementation has also been developed.
Team physician preferences at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities

Virtually all National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities have physicians who evaluate and treat athletic injuries and other medical conditions. The relationship of these physicians to these institutions ranges from a very loose arrangement to full-time employment. The specialties of the physicians working with the athletes of NCAA Division I universities vary as well. This study attempts to determine the specialty of current team physicians at NCAA Division I universities and their qualifications as well as the preferences of athletic directors when they are seeking to employ a team physician for their university. By comparing IA and non-IA Division I institutions, an attempt is made to determine the possible reasons for differences. This information will then be useful both for physicians-in-training who aspire to be team physicians at the university level and for administrators at these institutions who will be recruiting physicians with the most desirable credentials in the future.
Semiempirical valence bond views for benzenoid hydrocarbons

Because the π-networks of benzenoid hydrocarbons are the classical prototypical example of delocalized bonding, they provide a crucial test for chemical-bonding theories. Here there is revealed a systematic organization for valence-bond views to describe such π-bonding. With an initiation near the ab initio realm a sequence of semiempirical valence-bond models is identified and characterized. The refinement from one model to the next proceeds via: either a (perturbative) restriction to a smaller model space or orthogonalization of a suitable natural basis for the model space. The known properties of the models are indicated, and possible methods of solution are mentioned. A great diversity of work is outlined, related, systematized and extended. New research is suggested.
Lectin-bearing polymerized liposomes as potential oral vaccine carriers

Purpose. The potential of using lectin-modified polymerized liposomes as Peyer's patch targeted oral delivery vehicles was examined.
Open to All?: Reassessing Capture Fisheries Tenure Systems in Southern Laos

Capture fisheries are among the many different common property resources in the Mekong River Basin described as being historically ‘open access’. It is widely accepted that this continues to be the case, and that a ‘tragedy of the commons’ is therefore inevitable. The myth that all fisheries resources in southern Laos were historically ‘open access’ is challenged in this chapter. Using the examples of the fence-filter trap and wing-trap fishery system in the Khone Falls area of Khong District, Champasak Province, the operation of fence-filter and wing traps along perennial and seasonal streams in southern Laos, and the pit-trap fishery system in Pathoumphone District, Champasak Province, it is demonstrated that pre-existing tenure systems for fisheries management are far from being ‘open access’. Rather, private resource ownership is socially and culturally sanctioned in these ecologically and socially very different fisheries, as part of a common property management system based on first claims to fishing sites and labor inputs. ‘Open access’ rarely exists in southern Laos, something that may not become evident without sustained field observations. However, discursively characterizing fisheries as ‘open access’ can be used to justify interventions by government and outside agencies.
The poetics of (social) mise-en-scène and transcendence in Li Shaohong’s Stolen Life

This article is a formal analysis of the poetics of Li Shaohong’s Stolen Life (2005). It analyses issues of mise-en-scene from the perspective of composition, camera movement and choreography of characters within the frame. Taking in equal measure from David Bordwell’s classic work on mise-en-scene and Adrian Martin’s recent espousal of social mise-en-scene, I shall be arguing that Li’s work presents rich social description but also provides an account of agency and transcendence. My analysis of Stolen Life acknowledges Li Shaohong’s deployment of familiar tropes from popular storytelling, while giving emphasis to the distinct variations that she provides throughout the film.
COMPARISON OF THE SAFETY OF CELECOXIB, IBUPROFEN, AND NAPROXEN IN PATIENTS WITHOUT ESTABLISHED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Evidence on the safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the primary prevention population is limited. In this on-treatment analysis of the PRECISION trial, patients with NSAID-dependent arthritis and no established cardiovascular disease were randomized to celecoxib, ibuprofen,
HIV-associated neurodegeneration: exploitation of the neuronal cytoskeleton

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection of the central nervous system damages synapses and promotes axonal injury, ultimately resulting in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The mechanisms through which HIV causes damage to neurons are still under investigation. The cytoskeleton and associated proteins are fundamental for axonal and dendritic integrity. In this article, we review evidence that HIV proteins, such as the envelope protein gp120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat), impair the structure and function of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Investigation into the effects of viral proteins on the neuronal cytoskeleton may provide a better understanding of HIV neurotoxicity and suggest new avenues for additional therapies.
Guilt as Keystone Emotion for Environmental Communication

This chapter introduces how guilt, as a keystone emotion for environmental communication, exerts a cascading influence on the composition and navigation of affective and rhetorical ecologies. It outlines the book’s call for a richer understanding of environmental guilt and its collective dimensions, as well as the challenges presented in doing so. I propose an ecological approach to the study of guilt—in both metaphorical and material terms—because through improved engagement with environmental guilt we can be more effective in addressing our ecological crisis.
Rate and Predictors of Unanticipated Surgical Evacuation in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Post Hoc Analysis of ATACH 2 Trial

Background We performed this analysis to identify the rates, predictors, and associated outcomes of unexpected neurosurgical evacuation in a multicenter randomized clinical trial, Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH) 2. Methods The ATACH 2 trial determined the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of ≥5 and intraparenchymal hematoma volume of Results Among the 992 subjects analyzed, 44 (4.4%) subjects required unanticipated surgical evacuation of hematoma. The proportion of subjects with initial GCS score of 13 or less was significantly higher among those who required surgical evacuation (43.2% vs. 26.8%, P Conclusions In the large cohort of ATACH 2 subjects with good grade ICH, the rates of unanticipated surgical evacuation were low and were associated with relatively high rates of death or disability at 3 months.
Raman and Infrared Spectral Studies of Tungsten Organometallic Carbyne Complex at High External Pressure

The Raman and infrared spectra of complex:[Cl(CO) 2(DPPE)W≡CC 6H 4C≡CC 6H 4NC] 2Re Cl(CO) 3 (DPPE=bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane,(Ph) 2PCH 2CH 2P(Ph) 2) were measured at high external pressure (up to about 50 kbar).The pressure induced phase transition was observed near 30 kbar.The pressure dependence dν/dp of ν(W≡C) at the low-pressure phase is a little high (0 59 cm -1 ·(kbar) -1 ) and is very low (0 04 cm -1 ·(kbar) -1 ) at the high-pressure phase.It shows that the π-backbonding from W to π -orbital of CO is strengthened at the high external pressure in fragment Cl(CO) 2(DPPE) W≡C;The bond intensity and the force constant of W≡C and ν(W≡C) are decreasing;This effect compete with the normal increasing ν(W≡C) on compression.
Scalable, Decentralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Methods Inspired by Stigmergy and Ant Colonies.

Bolstering multi-agent learning algorithms to tackle complex coordination and control tasks has been a long-standing challenge of on-going research. Numerous methods have been proposed to help reduce the effects of non-stationarity and unscalability. In this work, we investigate a novel approach to decentralized multi-agent learning and planning that attempts to address these two challenges. In particular, this method is inspired by the cohesion, coordination, and behavior of ant colonies. As a result, these algorithms are designed to be naturally scalable to systems with numerous agents. While no optimality is guaranteed, the method is intended to work well in practice and scale better in efficacy with the number of agents present than others. The approach combines single-agent RL and an ant-colony-inspired decentralized, stigmergic algorithm for multi-agent path planning and environment modification. Specifically, we apply this algorithm in a setting where agents must navigate to a goal location, learning to push rectangular boxes into holes to yield new traversable pathways. It is shown that while the approach yields promising success in this particular environment, it may not be as easily generalized to others. The algorithm designed is notably scalable to numerous agents but is limited in its performance due to its relatively simplistic, rule-based approach. Furthermore, the composability of RL-trained policies is called into question, where, while policies are successful in their training environments, applying trained policies to a larger-scale, multi-agent framework results in unpredictable behavior.
Patient-reported financial toxicity following management of localized prostate cancer.

e17053Background: Cancer patients’ potential for severe financial toxicity (FT) is well-established, however there is limited data on the magnitude of this challenge associated with treatment of lo...
HYPON: embedding biomedical ontology with entity sets

Constructing high-quality biomedical ontologies is one of the first steps to study new concepts, such as emerging infectious diseases. Manually curated ontologies are often noisy, especially for new knowledge that requires domain expertise. In this paper, we proposed a novel ontology embedding approach HYPON to automate this process. In contrast to conventional approaches, we propose to embed biomedical ontology in the hyperbolic space to better model the hierarchical structure. Importantly, our method is able to consider both graph structure and the varied-size set of entities, which are largely overlooked by existing methods. We demonstrated substantial improvement in comparison to thirteen comparison approaches on eleven biomedical ontologies, including two recently curated COVID-19 ontologies.
Chemical composition and porcine in vitro digestibility of corn whole stillage pretreated with heat at various temperatures and times

Abstract A study was conducted to identify optimal conditions (time and temperature) for heat pre-treatment of corn whole stillage (WS). Six samples of WS from different sources were divided into 13 sub-samples to give a total of 78 sub-samples. Thirteen treatments were applied to 13 sub-samples from each source (1 sub-sample/treatment). The treatments were untreated WS, and WS that was pre-treated (70 psi) for 10, 20, or 30 min and at 100, 120, 140, or 160 °C in a 3 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement. Sub-samples were subjected to in vitro digestion with porcine pepsin and pancreatin, followed by in vitro fermentation for 72 h. Accumulated gas production was recorded and modeled to estimate kinetics of gas production. Heat pretreatment of WS at ≥ 120 °C decreased (P
The magnitude of increased Levothyroxine dose during pregnancy in patients on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression treatment after total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma

The dose of L-T4 replacement for hypothyroidism often needs to be increased after pregnancy. In our institution, patients are instructed to double the dose 2 days a week after pregnancy. However, there is scarce evidence supporting the need for a dose increase after pregnancy in patients with preconception thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression (TSH <0.3 μIU/mL). This study aimed to determine the need for a dose increase in L-T4 among women with a TSH-suppressive dose of L-T4 before pregnancy. In this retrospective observational study, between January 2008 and December 2018, we analyzed 166 pregnancies in 134 patients on TSH suppression treatment after total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Thyroid function tests were performed before and in the first trimester of pregnancy. The dose was adjusted and maintained during the first trimester of pregnancy in 76 pregnancies (group A) and 90 pregnancies (group B), respectively. The median ‍serum TSH level was significantly lower in group A than that in group B (0.014 μIU/mL (IQR, 0.005-0.071) vs. 0.155 ‍μIU/mL (IQR, 0.021-0.657), p < 0.001). TSH suppression could not be maintained after pregnancy in 15.8% and 38.9% of the pregnancies in groups A and B, respectively. Increasing the post-pregnancy dose by an average of 27.4% resulted in maintenance of TSH suppression after pregnancy in 84.2% of pregnancies. In conclusion, this study suggests that increasing the L-T4 dose after pregnancy may be appropriate in postoperative thyroid cancer patients whose serum TSH levels should be ‍suppressed.
Escherichia coli DNA helicase I catalyzes a sequence-specific cleavage/ligation reaction at the F plasmid origin of transfer.

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the Escherichia coli F plasmid-encoded traI gene product (TraIp), also known as DNA helicase I, catalyzes the formation of the site- and strand-specific nick that initiates F plasmid DNA transfer. Scission of the phosphodiester bond at the nic site within the origin of transfer (oriT) is accompanied by the covalent attachment of TraIp to the 5'-phosphate of the nicked DNA strand. This mechanism suggests that TraIp may also be capable of catalyzing a DNA ligation reaction using the energy stored in the protein-DNA intermediate. To test this possibility, an in vitro assay was designed that utilized short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides of different lengths derived from the region within oriT that spanned the nic site. Purified TraIp was capable of efficiently cleaving single-stranded DNA that contained a nic site, and upon cleavage, the protein became covalently linked to the 5'-end of the nic site. When TraIp was incubated with two oligonucleotides of different length that contained the nic site, there was formation of novel recombinant products resulting from a TraIp-catalyzed cleavage/ligation reaction. Furthermore, the cleavage and ligation reactions were both sequence-specific. These data suggest that TraIp plays an important role in the initiation and termination of conjugative DNA transfer.
Guided Reuse for Programmers

This paper attempts to achieve one primary goal: to teach students the concept of reuse and thereby instill a reuse culture in them. We believe that teaching students the reuse concept in their first programming courses and encourage them to use it throughout their entire programming training will increase their productivity. The practice of reuse will then become second nature to them. A controlled experiment is designed and executed to measure the relative effects of a non-reuse paradigm and a reuse paradigm in terms of the Pascal programming course. It also explains how to use the pedagogical laboratories to help students acquire the reuse concept. Conclusions from the analysis of the collected data are presented and the complete experiment is reviewed. Finally we summarize the results of the experiment and present further research and direction in software reuse.
Projection onto the probability simplex: An efficient algorithm with a simple proof, and an application

We provide an elementary proof of a simple, efficient algorithmfor computing the Euclidean projection of a point onto the probability simplex. We also show an application in Laplacian K-modes clustering.
Immunobiological Activity of Cell Wall Antigens of Staphylococcus aureus

Guinea pigs sensitized with washed, Formalin-killed cells of Staphylococcus aureus, strains 263 or Copenhagen, were skin-tested with various antigens from these strains including washed viable and heat-killed whole cells, cell walls, the peptidoglycan complexes of the walls, teichoic acid, teichoic acid-peptidoglycan fragments, and peptidoglycan fragments. In nonsensitized control animals, all antigens but teichoic acid elicited acute inflammatory reactions which decreased in size after 10 hr. In animals sensitized with the Copenhagen strain, the reactions to all antigens but teichoic acid and peptidoglycan fragments from either strain remained erythematous and indurated for at least 30 hr and were interpreted as hypersensitivity of the delayed type. Responses in animals sensitized with strain 263 generally resembled those in controls, although in some experiments there was evidence of hypersensitivity.
Campylobacter jejuni-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a mother and daughter

A mother and daughter with Campylobacter jejuni-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are discussed. The mother was hospitalized with bloody diarrhea and HUS; C jejuni was isolated from her stool. The 2-year-old daughter had been admitted five days prior to her mother with HUS following a three-day prodrome of vomiting and diarrhea. Multiple stool cultures were negative for enteric pathogens; however, cultures were not obtained until the eighth hospital day and after antibiotic therapy. Extensive investigation failed to identify another cause for the diarrheal illness or HUS in our patients. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody titers for C jejuni were 1:32 and 1:16 for the mother and daughter, respectively. An asymptomatic 9-month-old son had C jejuni isolated from his stool and had an immunofluorescent antibody titer of 1:64. Three other family members were asymptomatic, stool-culture negative, and had immunofluorescent antibody titers less than or equal to 1:4. The susceptibility to develop HUS following an enteric antigenic stimulus is illustrated by the patients presented. The need for systematic investigation of all HUS cases for potential susceptibility markers, as well as an exhaustive etiologic search, is emphasized.