cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First synthesis of 5(helicene) fused phthalocyanines: exceptional solubilities and long Q-band absorptions

A new class of phthalocyanine derivatives containing fused [5]helicene moieties has been synthesized. These derivatives, named as helicenocyanines, are soluble in common organic solvents and exhibit significant red shift of Q-band absorptions. Electrochemical, thermal and fluorescence characteristics of these helicenocyanines are presented.
In Memoriam: Elwood Jensen (1920–2012)

With the death of Elwood Jensen at age 92 years, on December 16, 2012, the nuclear receptor field lost one of the true pioneers of steroid hormone receptors and their actions in endocrinology and disease. Dr Jensen was president of The Endocrine Society (1980–1981), a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was the Distinguished University Professor and George and Elizabeth Wile Chair in Cancer Research at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine’s Vontz Center for Molecular Studies at the time of his death. He was previously the Charles B. Huggins Chair and Director of the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research at the University of Chicago, where he carried out his ground-breaking work on understanding estrogen action. Elwood was especially interested in the causes and treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer, with a primary focus on the estrogen receptor (ER)as a target and predictor of response to hormone-based therapies. His research revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, first by demonstrating that approximately 70%–75% of all breast cancers express ER , and then by showing that women whose cancers expressed significant levels of ER benefited from nontoxic therapies that either eliminated the source of estrogens and/or included the use of estrogen antagonists such as tamoxifen. Elwood Jensen was born in Fargo, North Dakota, in 1920 and received his bachelor’s degree from Wittenberg University (Springfield, Ohio) in 1940, followed by a PhD degree in organic chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1944, where he worked with Morris Karasch not only on the development of poison gases for the war effort but also to develop a metal-catalyzed free radical addition of CXCl3 compounds to alkenes, which became known as the Karasch addition. With the help of Karasch, Elwood was then able to spend a postdoctoral year in Zurich, Switzerland, on a Guggenheim fellowship with Leopold Ruzicka at the Swiss Federal Technical Institute. Details of his research in Switzerland remain somewhat obscure, but as a measure of the daredevil enthusiasm and determination that would serve him well in later research on steroid hormone action, Elwood used this opportunity to climb the Matterhorn, the last major mountain in Europe to be
Coping with the Refugee Wait: The Role of Consumption, Normalcy, and Dignity in Refugee Lives at Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya

The relief discourse has long treated refugee camp economies and the resulting black markets and commercial consumption as detrimental for the relief process and the refugees. The consumption of “luxuries and comforts” is regarded as costly, trivial, unreasonable, and nonessential. However, despite the negative effects and the high costs of consumption, refugees make strenuous efforts to participate in these commercial economies. I analyze refugee commercial consumption at Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, to argue that, despite its problems, the consumption is important, reasonable, and even essential. Using ethnographic data collected between 2008 and 2011, I suggest that this consumption has tangible benefits beyond the ability to fill relief gaps. It provides a forum whereby refugees can feel “normal” and gain “dignity,” and cope with the long wait and the static transience of refugee life. Attaining normalcy and dignity through consumption may even enable structural stability amid the dangerous and volatile conditions of refugee settlements as well as mitigate the long-term effects of relief-induced agonism. Given these benefits, I stress the importance of further research into the complexities of refugee commerce and consumption for policy makers and relief workers.
Structured Low-Rank Matrix Factorization: Optimality, Algorithm, and Applications to Image Processing

Recently, convex solutions to low-rank matrix factorization problems have received increasing attention in machine learning. However, in many applications the data can display other structures beyond simply being low-rank. For example, images and videos present complex spatio-temporal structures, which are largely ignored by current low-rank methods. In this paper we explore a matrix factorization technique suitable for large datasets that captures additional structure in the factors by using a projective tensor norm, which includes classical image regularizers such as total variation and the nuclear norm as particular cases. Although the resulting optimization problem is not convex, we show that under certain conditions on the factors, any local minimizer for the factors yields a global minimizer for their product. Examples in biomedical video segmentation and hyperspectral compressed recovery show the advantages of our approach on high-dimensional datasets.
The Influence of Chemical Structure on Polyolefin Melt Rheology and Miscibility

The ability to predict polymer properties from a knowledge of the chemical architecture of the chains is one of the main goals of polymer science, and achievement of this can be very useful in the development of new polymeric materials. In this paper the connection between dimensions of polyolefin chains and some of their most fundamental properties, such as the degree of entanglement and miscibility, are described. The experimental and theoretical justifications of these relations are outlined in the first sections, and then the ways these can be used to predict the performance of polyolefins are demonstrated. Finally, other areas where such connections may be found in the future are suggested.
An analysis of the frequency response of the magnetic recording process

The Preisach model for magnetic particle interaction in recording tapes is used as a basis for the calculation of the frequency response of the ac biased magnetic recording process. These results are compared with experiment. Since there are numerous other factors present in normal tape recording which affect the frequency response, the tape was spaced away from the recording head; thus, the effect being studied dominates the frequency response. The results indicate that the theory is certainly qualitatively correct. The lack of complete quantitative agreement is attributed primarily to the perpendicular component of the recording field. The theory correctly predicts the change in frequency response with respect to bias current.
Reducing CO2 emissions on the electric grid through a carbon disincentive policy

This paper studies the operation of an electric grid with renewable wind generation and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). In particular, PEVs will be the controllable demand that can mitigate the intermittency in wind generation and improve the capacity factors of the non-renewable generation assets on the grid. Optimization problems are formulated to minimize the costs of electricity generation, and two approaches are proposed to address the grid CO2 emission in the optimization. The first approach directly penalizes CO2 in the objective function, and the second approach adopts a carbon disincentive policy to alter the dispatch order of power plants, so that expensive low-CO2 plants can replace cheap high-CO2 plants. These two approaches result in very different outcomes: the first approach affects only the PEV charging demand on the grid and does not result in significant CO2 reduction, whereas the second approach controls both the generation and load, and CO2 can be reduced substantially. In addition, the carbon disincentive policy, unlike a carbon tax, does not collect any revenue; therefore, the increase in electricity cost is minimal. The effect of the proposed algorithms on the grid electricity cost and carbon emission is analyzed in details and reported.
USACE National Coastal Mapping Program and the next generation of data products

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has been monitoring coastal change for decades. Each coastal district has the duty to maintain the federal navigation channels to insure safe passage for commercial and private vessels. In addition to these navigation channels, monitoring coastal change and regional sediment management rank high in both importance and financial expenditures. Acoustic boat surveys have been and will continue to be a viable way to accomplish these goals. For the past 15 years these surveys efforts have been assisted by the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of expertise (JALBTCX). The JALBTCX has in-house survey capability using the U.S. Naval Oceanographie Office's Compact Hydrographie Airborne Rapid Total Survey (CHARTS) system. The CHARTS system collects bathymetrie lidar, topographic lidar, RGB imagery, and hyperspectral imagery. CHARTS is mounted on a Beech King Air 200 which provides a platform capable of surveying the federal navigation projects and the areas between to support regional sediment management. In 2004, USACE Headquarters funded JALBTCX to map the sandy shoreline of the continental U.S. on a recurring basis. This mapping effort falls under the National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP). In addition to the NCMP, JALBTCX performs emergency response surveys following natural disasters. Since 2004, JALBTCX was surveyed after every category 2 (or greater) hurricane that makes land fall within the U.S. As the survey capabilities increase it becomes more difficult for the local engineers to process the large volumes of data and the demand for analysis ready products became a necessity. JALBTCX took on this challenge and is currently delivering a suite of products to meet the needs. With the addition of new sensors, JALBTCX has also been able to develop new data fusion products to assist in monitoring the engineering, economic, and environmental changes to the coastal zone.
Optimum DSP multiprocessor architecture for efficient execution of the fast transversal filter

The design and development of an efficient multiprocessor system to implement the fast transversal filter (FTF) using commercially available digital signal processors (DSPs) is presented. The system is designed with some flexibility in it to be able to run other commonly used adaptive signal-processing algorithms. The FTF algorithm is analyzed, noting sequential characteristics and heavy computational bottlenecks that limit the speed at which the algorithm runs. The algorithm is speared to couple of data independent partitions which were data dependent by data flow concept. Parallelisms within the FTF and within its vector computations are the target of speedup efforts. The design is chosen to maximize speedup and minimize interprocessor communication, all with the minimum number of processors and simplest control logic. A prototype of the system using four Motorola DSP56001 fixed-point DSPs is discussed. The system has a speedup factor of nearly 4 over the single-DSP implementations. >
A compact 5.6 GHz low noise amplifier with new on-chip gain controllable active balun

A dual gain low noise amplifier for a 5.6 GHz ISM band direct conversion receiver, has been designed using a TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process and features a gain controllable on-chip active balun. The LNA provides gains of 19.5 dB and 12 dB in the two modes with 50% power savings in the low gain mode, while a noise figure of 3.1 dB and an IIP3 of -11.5 dBm have been achieved. A simple and novel gain control technique has been adopted and the gain control circuitry has been integrated with the balun.
CCR5 limits cortical viral loads during West Nile virus infection of the central nervous system

Background Cell-mediated immunity is critical for clearance of central nervous system (CNS) infection with the encephalitic flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV). Prior studies from our laboratory have shown that WNV-infected neurons express chemoattractants that mediate recruitment of antiviral leukocytes into the CNS. Although the chemokine receptor, CCR5, has been shown to play an important role in CNS host defense during WNV infection, regional effects of its activity within the infected brain have not been defined.
Physical and Chemical Principles

The land surface affects the atmosphere via the exchange of heat, matter (moisture, gases, aerosols), and momentum. The exchange of heat and moisture, for instance, are described by the energy and water budgets that are coupled via the water-vapor flux due to evapotranspiration (i.e., the sum of transpiration and evaporation). Coupled energy- and water-budget equations are required to determine the temperature and moisture conditions at the atmosphere-surface interface.
Altered Inotropic Responsiveness to Isoproterenol of Hearts from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats During Development

The characteristics of the inotropic responses to isoproterenol (Iso) were investigated in isolated hearts from embryonic normotensive (NT) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) Wistar-Kyoto rats at 14, 16, 18 and 20 days of gestation and from rats 3 and 10 weeks after birth and in ventricular strips prepared from hearts of newborn and 1-week-old rats. With rates of all preparations maintained constant by electrical stimulation, concentration and age dependent increases in contractility in response to Iso, capable of being blocked by propranolol, were observed. In embryonic hearts, irrespective of Iso concentration or embryonic age, similar effects were observed in hearts from NT and SH animals. However, in all postnatal preparations, the effects of Iso on the SH strain were quantitatively different from those on hearts of NT rats of the same age. As early as 12 hr after birth and through 10 weeks of age, most concentrations of Iso induced inotropic effects that were significantly greater in hearts of the S...
Mixed-signal circuits for embedded machine-learning applications

Machine learning algorithms are attractive solutions for a number of problems in data analytics and sensor signal classification. However, to enable the deployment of such algorithms in embedded hardware, significant progress must be made to reduce the large power dissipation of current GPU and FPGA-based implementations. Our work studies the trade-off between energy and accuracy in neural networks, and looks to incorporate mixed-signal design techniques to achieve low power dissipation in a semi-programmable ASIC implementation.
Restorative justice: A model for personal and societal empowerment

Restorative justice is the growing movement that aims to change the direction of criminal law by focusing it on the needs of victims and repairing communities. The focus of this article is on three restorative initiatives-family group conferencing, victim-offender mediation, and reparations. The link between social work and restorative justice is explored in each of these areas.
Quorum Sensing Communication Modules for Microbial Consortia.

The power of a single engineered organism is limited by its capacity for genetic modification. To circumvent the constraints of any singular microbe, a new frontier in synthetic biology is emerging: synthetic ecology, or the engineering of microbial consortia. Here we develop communication systems for such consortia in an effort to allow for complex social behavior across different members of a community. We posit that such communities will outpace monocultures in their ability to perform complicated tasks if communication among and between members of the community is well regulated. Quorum sensing was identified as the most promising candidate for precise control of engineered microbial ecosystems, due to its large diversity and established utility in synthetic biology. Through promoter and protein modification, we engineered two quorum sensing systems (rpa and tra) to add to the extensively used lux and las systems. By testing the cross-talk between all systems, we thoroughly characterized many new indu...
Mixed pricing in online marketplaces

A rich theory literature predicts mixed strategies in posted prices due to standard price discrimination, search frictions, and various other rationales. While typically interpreted as implying occasional sales or price dispersion, online marketplaces enable a firm to truly use randomization as a tool in pricing, and so such behavior should be expected to arise in online settings. We investigate a case of mixed pricing across a large subset of products on a major e-commerce website. We first test for randomizing behavior, and then construct a model of price discrimination that would generate randomization as optimal behavior. We estimate the model and use it to assess pricing effects of a proposed merger in the industry.
Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells

Plants cells are now approved by the FDA for cost-effective production of protein drugs (PDs) in large-scale current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) hydroponic growth facilities. In lyophilized plant cells, PDs are stable at ambient temperature for several years, maintaining their folding and efficacy. Upon oral delivery, PDs bioencapsulated in plant cells are protected in the stomach from acids and enzymes but are subsequently released into the gut lumen by microbes that digest the plant cell wall. The large mucosal area of the human intestine offers an ideal system for oral drug delivery. When tags (receptor-binding proteins or cell-penetrating peptides) are fused to PDs, they efficiently cross the intestinal epithelium and are delivered to the circulatory or immune system. Unique tags to deliver PDs to human immune or nonimmune cells have been developed recently. After crossing the epithelium, ubiquitous proteases cleave off tags at engineered sites. PDs are also delivered to the brain or retina by crossing the blood–brain or retinal barriers. This review highlights recent advances in PD delivery to treat Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, hypertension, Gaucher's or ocular diseases, as well as the development of affordable drugs by eliminating prohibitively expensive purification, cold chain and sterile delivery.
Oxygen Stoichiometry of YBa2Cu3O7−x

It is evident that the promise of the new high temperature ceramic superconductors will not be realized without an intense materials science and engineering effort focused on converting these oxide powders into useful bulk forms. The general limitations of the conventional press and sinter ceramic processing approach (1) are likely to be amplified by the sensitivity of the superconductivity transitions of YBa2Cu3O7-x to oxygen content (2). The crystal structure of the superconducting phase has been determined from Rietveld refinement of powder neutron diffraction data (3–6) and we have determined the tetragonal crystal structure of YBa2Cu3O6 from single crystal x-ray diffraction data (7). Fig. 1 illustrates the two structures and Figs. 2 (a, b) show the respective calculated x-ray powder diffraction patterns. We report here the extent of the orthorhombic and tetragonal phase fields as a function of the oxygen composition.
STEMI After TAVR: Procedural Challenge and Catastrophic Outcome.

An 82-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis, 6 months post–transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a 29 mm CoreValve Evolut (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota), presented with an anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography (CA) using an extra back-up
Metoprolol Dose Equivalence in Adult Men and Women Based on Gender Differences: Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations

Recent meta-analyses and publications over the past 15 years have provided evidence showing there are considerable gender differences in the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol. Throughout this time, there have not been any research articles proposing a gender stratified dose-adjustment resulting in an equivalent total drug exposure. Metoprolol pharmacokinetic data was obtained from a previous publication. Data was modeled using nonlinear mixed effect modeling using the MONOLIX software package to quantify metoprolol concentration–time data. Gender-stratified dosing simulations were conducted to identify equivalent total drug exposure based on a 100 mg dose in adults. Based on the pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations, a 50 mg dose in adult women provides an approximately similar metoprolol drug exposure to a 100 mg dose in adult men.
Infants' motor simulation of observed actions is modulated by the visibility of the actor's body.

Abstract Previous research suggests that 9-month-old infants will develop a response bias in the A-not-B search paradigm after only observing an experimenter search for a hidden object on A-trials. In the current experiment, we tested whether infants would persist in making errors when only the hands-and-arms of the experimenter were visible. Three different conditions were included: (1) the experimenter was silent while hiding and finding the object, (2) the experimenter communicated with the infant via infant-directed speech, or (3) the body of the experimenter was visible during the training phase before his head and body were occluded during the test phase. Unlike previous studies, the results revealed that a significant proportion of infants searched correctly when the body of the experimenter was not visible, and only the combination of infant-directed speech and familiarization with a fully-specified body resulted in a majority of infants committing search errors. These results are interpreted as suggesting that the likelihood of infants committing search errors is dependent on their motor simulation of the experimenter’s reaching. The strength of this simulation is graded by the similarity between the observed action and the motor representation.
Big Questions in the Study of World Politics

We do not study international relations for aesthetic reasons, since world politics is not beautiful. If we sought scientific rigor we would have pursued careers in experimental disciplines. Instead we are motivated by normative questions, often asked urgently in the wake of disasters, from the Sicilian Expedition (416 B.C.E.) chronicled by Thucydides to the Anglo-American invasion of Iraq (2003 C.E.). Recurring failures lead us to try to understand the conditions under which states and other actors can achieve their collective purposes rather than engage in destructive, and often self-destructive, behavior. Our normative purposes infuse our positive analysis. Political economy came alive as a field in the wake of the economic crises of the 1970s, which recalled the Great Depression of the 1930s. Security studies became a site of creativity after World War II and during the height of the Cold War. Work on the sources of internal war expanded in the wake of post-Cold War internal conflicts. And it is predictable that there will be a new wave of work on the problem of terrorism, in the wake of the attacks of 9/11/01. Students of world politics have an obligation to democratic publics to help them understand the most pressing problems of the current day. Yet this moral obligation does not imply that we should focus on topical issues or be “policy-relevant” in a narrow sense by speaking to governments in terms that are acceptable to them. Our task is to probe the
De Novo Development of Hamartomatous Duodenal Polyps in a Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy: A Case Report

Teduglutide (TG) is approved for the treatment of parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Its well-known adverse effect is expedited growth of colon polyps and potential formation of new polyps. Apart from animal studies, de novo development of duodenal polyps in a patient during TG therapy has not been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 71-year-old man with SBS on TG who developed multiple new duodenal polyps that were found incidentally during a diagnostic endoscopy. Furthermore, an accelerated growth of duodenal polyps was noted while on TG therapy, suggesting a potential trophic effect of TG on these polyps. There are no current recommendations for the surveillance of intestinal polyps in patients on TG therapy, but we recommend exercising caution and possible need for surveillance based on this case report.
A Brief, Basic Guide to Terms and Concepts of Solar Radio Astronomy

Humanity has observed the sun for many centuries. Among the millions of stars observable through optical telescopes, only the sun is close enough to be studied in all of its activity, in exquisite detail. But because it is so bright, it was difficult for anyone to see features on the sun’s surface until more modern times. Chinese astronomers likely observed sunspots as early as 364 BC with naked eye observations; the observations would have been at sunrise or sunset when the solar radiation is attenuated by the earth’s atmosphere or even through dense terrestrial clouds. In the early seventeenth century Galileo and others began detailed studies of the sun with some of the first optical telescopes; their detection of sunspots was a major discovery that impacted the understanding of the universe. Detailed telescopic solar studies began in the nineteenth century, including spectroscopic identification of many known and even some unknown elements in the solar spectrum. The sun emits a continuum of electromagnetic radiation from X-ray, to ultraviolet, optical, infrared and radio wavelengths. In the optical wavelengths (similar to the receptivity of the human eye at 400–800 nm), the solar spectrum shows absorption lines that enable astronomers to determine the chemical composition of the sun. The solar spectrum and associated discoveries were made by the German astronomer Fraunhofer in 1817 using the newly invented spectroscope.
Overcoming ammonia synthesis scaling relations with plasma-enabled catalysis

Correlations between the energies of elementary steps limit the rates of thermally catalysed reactions at surfaces. Here, we show how these limitations can be circumvented in ammonia synthesis by coupling catalysts to a non-thermal plasma. We postulate that plasma-induced vibrational excitations in N2 decrease dissociation barriers without influencing subsequent reaction steps. We develop a density-functional-theory-based microkinetic model to incorporate this effect, and parameterize the model using N2 vibrational excitations observed in a dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma. We predict plasma enhancement to be particularly great on metals that bind nitrogen too weakly to be active thermally. Ammonia synthesis rates observed in a dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma reactor are consistent with predicted enhancements and predicted changes in the optimal metal catalyst. The results provide guidance for optimizing catalysts for application with plasmas. Plasma catalysis holds promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional catalysis. Now, a kinetic model for ammonia synthesis is reported to predict optimal catalysts for use with plasmas. Reactor measurements at near-ambient conditions confirm the predicted catalytic rates, which are similar to those obtained in the Haber–Bosch process.
MEMORY FOR PICTURES: Sometimes a Picture Is Not Worth a Single Word

Although there are some phenomena in memory that are poorly understood, it is generally accepted that an item studied as a picture will be better remembered than an item studied as a word. Most of us are familiar with the expression “a picture is worth a thousand words” and agree that memory for pictures is remarkable. Indeed, in most situations, it would be wise to assume that pictures will be better remembered than words. One picture can contain enough information to convey many sentences. Children learn to follow stories in picture books before they are able to comprehend written text. Pictures are oen universal and not restricted by knowledge of a specic language. For example, even if a traveler cannot read the local language, he or she can nd the ladies’ or the men’s room in virtually any country by looking at picture signs.
Identifying the challenges in community-based participatory research collaboration.

The differences between CBPR and traditional research have been enumerated, but how to overcome them is still up for discussion, collaboration with community members is advocated, and examples are given. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Case for a Virtualization-Based Trusted Execution Environment in Mobile Devices

ARM processors used in modern mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, use TrustZone to implement a trusted execution environment (TEE). In this paper, we argue that virtualization hardware, already available on many ARM processors, should be used for this purpose instead. Virtualization hardware can be used to implement multiple isolated trusted environments, as opposed to a single such environment provided by TrustZone. This can prevent the bloat of the Trusted Computing Base (TCB) of the TEE and support new security services not currently possible, such as sandboxing of untrusted operating system kernel components.We also address the concerns for the use of virtualization for the aforementioned purpose. Most notably, through extensive experiments, we show that, unlike widespread belief, virtualization overhead is small if the hypervisor is carefully designed to minimize its interpositions into the operating system activity. In addition, we discuss and address the concerns on supported features, backward-compatibility, and hypervisor's TCB size.Going forward, given that virtualization provides a viable (if not superior) TEE solution, we suggest that ARM TrustZone hardware components should be mostly removed from future ARM SoCs. This can simplify the processor and SoC design and save some die space.
Constrained Sampling-Based Planning for Grasping and Manipulation

This paper presents a novel constrained, sampling-based motion planning method for grasp and transport tasks with a redundant robotic manipulator. We utilize a planning margin for grasping with constraints that allow the best grasp configuration and approach direction to be determined automatically. For manipulators with many degrees of freedom, our method efficiently chooses the optimal grasp pose when there are many redundant solutions. The method also introduces a parameterized intermediate pose that is optimized to determine the approach direction, increasing robustness under sensor uncertainty and execution errors. Our method also considers transporting the grasped object to the desired target position using a Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm that incorporates soft constraints via appropriate cost penalties. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms on a number of simulated and experimental applications. Our experimental results show a marked improvement in computational efficiency in comparison to previously studied approaches.
Nitric oxide: Antidepressant mechanisms and inflammation

Millions of individuals worldwide suffers from mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD), which has a high rate of disease burden in society. Although targeting the biogenic amines including serotonin, and norepinephrine have provided invaluable links with the pharmacological treatment of MDD over the last four decades, a growing body of evidence suggest that other biologic systems could contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. In this chapter, we highlight the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby treatment of MDD. This has been investigated over the last four decades by showing that (i) levels of NO are altered in patients with major depression; (ii) modulators of NO signaling exert antidepressant effects in patients with MDD or in the animal studies; (iii) NO signaling could be targeted by a variety of antidepressants in animal models of depression; and (iv) NO signaling can potentially modulate the inflammatory pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. These findings, which hypothesize an NO involvement in MDD, can provide a new insight into novel therapeutic approaches for patients with MDD in the future.
Posterolateral Rotary Instability of the Elbow in Adolescents: A Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Cases The authors present 2 cases of chronic posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of pediatric elbows successfully treated with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon allograft, including the first documented case of LCL reconstruction in the setting of an Osborne-Cotterill lesion in a pediatric patient. Full resolution of PLRI was achieved, and the patients returned to preinjury full-contact sports at 5 months postoperatively. Conclusions Few studies have reported LCL reconstruction in the setting of chronic PLRI in pediatric patients. The purpose of this report is to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of elbow PLRI and to describe a surgical option for recurrent PLRI in pediatric patients.
Nonlinear Resistive Electric Field Grading in High-Voltage, High-Power Wide Bandgap Power Module Packaging

Wide bandgap (WBG) power modules made from materials such as SiC and GaN (and soon Ga2O3 and diamond) able to tolerate higher voltages and currents than Si-based modules are the most promising solution to reducing the size and weight of power electronics systems. Using higher blocking voltages for WBG modules and not increasing the insulating dimensions of the module to an appropriate size, will increase electric field stress within the module. The higher electric stress, the more risk for unacceptable partial discharge (PD) activity and in turn, gradual insulation degradation, leading to breakdown and the module failure. The insulation material in the power modules vulnerable to PDs is silicone gel, which is used for encapsulation. Thus, electric field reduction techniques are proposed to address this issue. The proposed geometrical techniques cannot solve alone this issue. In this paper, we introduce a new method that is a combination of applying nonlinear field dependent conductivity (FDC) materials to high electric stress regions with geometrical techniques that can thoroughly address the electrical field enhancement issue within WBG modules.
New measuring stick on sharing accommodation: Guest-perceived benefits and risks

Abstract As an emergent phenomenon fueled by advanced technology, the sharing economy enables people to capitalize on underutilized physical assets that would otherwise be wasted. Despite the rapid growth, existing empirical studies are limited to the adoption of scales from other disciplines, although collaborative consumption differs from commercial consumption. The purpose of the study is to examine guests’ perceived risks and benefits of sharing accommodation. Using three folded studies, this research attempts to yield key theoretical contributions by developing a scale for perceived benefits and risks in the context of sharing accommodation. Furthermore, this study provides initial insights into why consumers would avoid sharing accommodations while at the same time identifying potential benefits and risks in relation to attitude and behavioral intentions. The findings from this research will enable sharing accommodation hosts to understand consumers’ perceived benefits and risks and thus provide enhanced experiences to users.
10 – A PLATE TECTONICS MODEL INVOLVING NON-LAMINAR ASTHENOSPHERIC FLOW TO ACCOUNT FOR IRREGULAR PATTERNS OF MAGMATISM IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES*

In this paper we introduce an extension of plate tectonics theory to account for the irregular patterns of magmatism in the southwestern United States which are otherwise inconsistent with reconstructed Cenozoic events at the Pacific margin. Many authors have pointed out the difficulties in explaining the structural and magmatic histories of the southwestern United States by a conventional plate tectonics model. In a viscous material for which the Reynolds number is very small, the flow streamlines should conform faithfully to lithospheric boundaries. It is therefore difficult to account for the flow of the mantle “first in one direction, and then in another…” which GILLULY (1973) postulated in explaining the regional geology. We propose that large irregularities in flow, resembling eddies, existed in the asthenosphere under what is now the southwestern United States in the Cenozoic. The rising material between adjacent eddies, called surges, concentrated volatiles as the source material for kimberlite magmatism in the southwestern United States. We suggest that surges resulted from non-linearity between viscosity and temperature. Our model is based upon the fluid dynamic theory of GRUNTFEST (1963).
Machine Learning Classifiers for Twitter Surveillance of Vaping: Comparative Machine Learning Study

Background: Twitter presents a valuable and relevant social media platform to study the prevalence of information and sentiment on vaping that may be useful for public health surveillance. Machine learning classifiers that identify vaping-relevant tweets and characterize sentiments in them can underpin a Twitter-based vaping surveillance system. Compared with traditional machine learning classifiers that are reliant on annotations that are expensive to obtain, deep learning classifiers offer the advantage of requiring fewer annotated tweets by leveraging the large numbers of readily available unannotated tweets. Objective: This study aims to derive and evaluate traditional and deep learning classifiers that can identify tweets relevant to vaping, tweets of a commercial nature, and tweets with provape sentiments. Methods: We continuously collected tweets that matched vaping-related keywords over 2 months from August 2018 to October 2018. From this data set of tweets, a set of 4000 tweets was selected, and each tweet was manually annotated for relevance (vape relevant or not), commercial nature (commercial or not), and sentiment (provape or not). Using the annotated data, we derived traditional classifiers that included logistic regression, random forest, linear support vector machine, and multinomial naive Bayes. In addition, using the annotated data set and a larger unannotated data set of tweets, we derived deep learning classifiers that included a convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, LSTM-CNN network, and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) network. The unannotated tweet data were used to derive word vectors that deep learning classifiers can leverage to improve performance. Results: LSTM-CNN performed the best with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.98) for relevance, all deep learning classifiers including LSTM-CNN performed better than the traditional classifiers with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-0.99) for distinguishing commercial from noncommercial tweets, and BiLSTM performed the best with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.89) for provape sentiment. Overall, LSTM-CNN performed the best across all 3 classification tasks. Conclusions: We derived and evaluated traditional machine learning and deep learning classifiers to identify vaping-related relevant, commercial, and provape tweets. Overall, deep learning classifiers such as LSTM-CNN had superior performance and had the added advantage of requiring no preprocessing. The performance of these classifiers supports the development of a vaping surveillance system.
Irreversible electroporation for renal ablation does not cause significant injury to adjacent ureter or bowel in a porcine model.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of irreversible electroporation (IRE) for renal ablation adjacent to the ureter or bowel. Materials and Methods: Six adult pigs each underwent bilateral IRE of the...
Two-Fold Reduction of Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene with Group 1 Metals: From Lithium to Cesium

Chemical reduction of sym-dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (DBCOT, 1) has been investigated using group 1 metals ranging from Li to Cs as the reducing agents. With all alkali metals, DBCOT readily und...
Ligand control of low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance linewidth in Cr(III) complexes

Understanding how the ligand shell controls low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic properties of metal ions is essential if they are to be used in EPR-based bioimaging schemes. In this work, we probe how specific variations in the ligand structure impact L-band (ca. 1.3 GHz) EPR spectroscopic linewidths in the trichloride salts of five Cr(III) complexes: [Cr(RR-dphen)3]3+ (RR-dphen = (1R,2R)-(+)-diphenylethylenediamine, 1), [Cr(en)3]3+ (en = ethylenediamine, 2), [Cr(me-en)3]3+ (me-en = 1,2-diaminopropane, 3), [Cr(tn)3]3+ (tn = 1,3-diaminopropane, 4) [Cr(trans-chxn)3]3+ (trans-chxn = trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 5). Spectral broadening varies in a nonintuitive manner across the series, showing the sharpest peaks for 1 and broadest for 5. Molecular dynamics simulations provide evidence that the broadening is correlated to rigidity in the inner coordination sphere and reflected in ligand-dependent distribution of Cr–N bond distances that can be found in frozen solution.
Poisson_CCD: A dedicated simulator for modeling CCDs

A dedicated simulator, Poisson_CCD, has been constructed which models astronomical CCDs by solving Poisson’s equation numerically and simulating charge transport within the CCD. The potentials and free carrier densities within the CCD are self-consistently solved for, giving realistic results for the charge distribution within the CCD storage wells. The simulator has been used to model the CCDs that are being used to construct the LSST digital camera. The simulator output has been validated by comparing its predictions with several different types of CCD measurements, including astrometric shifts, brighter-fatter induced pixel–pixel covariances, saturation effects, and diffusion spreading. The code is open source and freely available.
Point Cloud Information Modeling: Deep Learning–Based Automated Information Modeling Framework for Point Cloud Data

AbstractBecause point clouds have reality measurements of physical objects, they are often used to reconstruct the as-built three-dimensional (3D) model of building construction sites through a mod...
On the role of reachability and observability in NMR experimentation

It is shown that the system theoretic concepts of reachability and observability are relevant to the analysis of NMR experiments. Moreover, the sets of reachable states are examined and Lie theoretic criteria are given for the reachability of the system. The question is investigated how the set of reachable states depends on the class of input functions that are allowed. Both one‐dimensional and multi‐dimensional NMR experiments are considered.
Advances in recombinant gonadotropin production for use in bovine superovulation.

Contents Bovine ovarian hyperstimulation is a process that currently relies on pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to facilitate the maturation of multiple follicles to achieve dominance and eventual ovulation. The prevalence of this process, also called superovulation, has more than doubled in the past 10 years, but the efficiency of recovered transferable embryos has remained low at ∼6 per collection. The use of pituitary-derived products presents other problems including contamination from other hormones, inconsistencies within and among batches, and the possibility of the spread of disease-transmitting agents. Recombinant gonadotropins have been engineered to yield varieties of FSH and luteinizing hormone from a myriad of heterologous hosts with the resulting products demonstrating various levels of biological activity. Research has also been devoted to alternative delivery methods to reduce the frequency of injections required in current superovulatory protocols. Together, recombinant gonadotropins and alternative delivery approaches potentially provide an economical alternative to the use of pituitary-derived products.
IL-7 Induces Myelopoiesis and Erythropoiesis

IL-7 administration to mice was previously reported to increase the mobilization of progenitor cells from marrow to peripheral sites. We now report that IL-7 increases the number of mature myeloid and monocytic cells in spleen and peripheral blood. This effect required T cells, and we show that IL-7 treatment in vivo induced GM-CSF and IL-3 production by T cells with memory phenotype. However, additional myelopoietic cytokines were shown to be involved because mice deficient in both GM-CSF and IL-3 also responded to IL-7 with increased myelopoiesis. Candidate cytokines included IFN-gamma and Flt3 ligand, which were also produced in response to IL-7. Because IFN-gamma-deficient mice also increased myelopoiesis, it was suggested that IL-7 induced production of redundant myelopoietic cytokines. In support of this hypothesis, we found that the supernatant from IL-7-treated, purified T cells contained myelopoietic activity that required a combination of Abs against GM-CSF, IL-3, and anti-Flt3 ligand to achieve maximum neutralization. IL-7 administration increased the number of splenic erythroid cells in either normal, Rag1 or GM-CSF-IL-3-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-7 might directly act on erythroid progenitors. In support of this theory, we detected a percentage of TER-119(+) erythroid cells that expressed the IL-7Ralpha-chain and common gamma-chain. Bone marrow cells expressing IL-7R and B220 generated erythroid colonies in vitro in response to IL-7, erythropoietin, and stem cell factor. This study demonstrates that IL-7 can promote nonlymphoid hemopoiesis and production of cytokines active in the host defense system in vivo, supporting its possible clinical utility.
The Role of Statutes, Regulations and Professional Standards in Emergency Responses

The tragedies of 9/11 and Katrina bring to the fore the need for emergency action planning. Government has responded by enacting statutes and ordinances, and issuing regulations. Industry has responded through the promulgation of professional standards, especially NFPA 1600, which was highly praised by the 9/11 Commission. The National Fire Protective Association is one of the most prominent private standards setting organizations nationally and throughout the world. Its standards and codes are often incorporated into statutes, ordinances, and regulations. This article outlines the role these sources of legal authority should play in establishing legal standards for emergency responses. It looks to both traditional legal precedence and the case law which has evolved around NFPA standards. Unlike many earlier articles, this essay emphasizes that statutes, ordinances, regulations, and professional standards only set the floor for legal liability. The common law duty of reasonable care under the circumstances may impose a higher duty of care based upon the reasonable foreseeability of the risk.
Genre and Rewritten Scripture: A Reassessment

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The original is available at http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_biblical_literature/v131/131.2.zahn.html