cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“I Can neither Write nor Be Silent:” The Circulation of Women's Texts in Sidney's Old Arcadia*

This essay won the 2005 Literature Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Renaissance Section. The production, circulation, and reception of women's texts in early modern Europe probe important questions about the status of women as writers of public influence within a male-dominated manuscript and print culture. Insofar as it foregrounds the semiotic exchanges between author, text, and reader in Phillips Sydney's Old Arcadia, Derrida's concept of supplementarity opens up new ways of interpreting the political and gender economy of Sidney's language in relation to the socio-cultural positions of women in early modern England. The Old Arcadia presents several scenes in which women, specifically Pamela, use writing as a self-reflective mode of negotiating a position of authority within an unstable semiotic space.
Unsteady aerodynamics of conventional and supercritical airfoils

The unsteady aerodynamics of a conventional and a supercritical airfoil are compared by examining measured chordwise unsteady pressure time-histories from four selected flow conditions. Although an oscillating supercritical airfoil excites more harmonics, the strength of the airfoil's shock wave is the more important parameter governing the complexity of the unsteady flow. Whether they are conventional or supercritical, airfoils that support weak shock waves induce unsteady loads that are qualitatively predictable with classical theories; flows with strong shock waves are sensitive to details of the shock-wave and boundary-layer interaction and cannot be adequately predicted.
Fabrication of microcapillaries and waveguides for single molecule detection

We are investigating fabrication techniques that can be used to form arbitrarily shaped fluid capillaries at dimensions below 1 micrometers . We are also considering processes and materials for forming optical waveguides in the same devices with the same fabrication processes. The intent is to develop fabrication methods that can be used to make optical/fluid-flow systems for greater miniaturization, integration and parallelism of optical excitation and detection systems, for the sampling of small volumes. We have demonstrated fabrication processes that enable the creation of functional fluid channels and waveguide in a single step. The independent operation of capillary channels and waveguides has been demonstrated and a system is designed for future testing of in-plane optical excitation of fluorescence. Capillaries with widths below 1 micrometers dimensions have been fabricated using photolithography and reactive ion etching in glass and silicon substrates. We have driven dye labeled DNA molecules electrophoretically through the micrometer size channels and observed individual molecules fluorescence. Surface energy on the high relative surface area channels is significant in the filling of the channels with aqueous solutions and treatment of the liquid contacting surfaces has influence on the system behavior. Light is coupled into the waveguide through gratings fabricate by electron-beam lithography.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interfacial activity of an ion channel-generating protein cytolysin from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus.

J. W. Doyle, W. R. Kem and F. A. Vilallonga. Interfacial activity of an ion channel-generating protein cytolysin from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. Toxicon27, 465–471, 1989.—The ability of a purified sea anemone (Stichodactyla helianthus) protein cytolysin to interact with a variety of interfaces was investigated by means of the Wilhemy plate method. At the air:water and lipid:water interfaces, the toxin lowered the surface pressure most readily as the aqueous phase pH increased towards the isoelectric point (9.8) of the toxin. The affinity of the toxin for both the phospholipid:water and the oil:water interfaces was much greater than for the air:water interface. Although the toxin had previously been found to avidly bind to sphingomyelin-containing phospholipid dispersions and bilayers, it failed to display any preferential interaction with a sphingomyelin monolayer relative to one of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine under identical conditions, even when the monolayers were maintained at 40 dynes/cm, a pressure considered to produce phospholipid packing densities similar to those observed in cell membranes. Unlike many other membraneactive protein cytolysins, the ability of Stichodactyla cytolysin to penetrate these phospholipid monolayers was not affected by the initial surface pressure over the range 0–32 dynes/cm. However, at 40 dynes/cm initial packing pressure, the surface pressure generated by the cytolysin was similarly reduced in both sphingomyelin and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers. Our results suggest that the protein cytolysin initially binds reversibly to cell and artificial bilayer membranes in a non-specific manner; sphingomyelin domains in the bilayer then provide optimal conditions for insertion into the membrane and subsequent assembly of a stable multimeric complex which functions as an ion channel.
Effect of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Protein Synthesis in Cultured Lens Epithelial Cells

Exposure of cultured rabbit lens epithelial cells to repetitive doses of UV-B radiation delays their growth and alters the synthesis of specific proteins. Irradiated cells on the shoulder of the survival curve exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in growth when subcultured in serum-supplemented medium. UV-B irradiation did not affect the subsequent attachment efficiency of the cells. Control and UV-B irradiated cells were incubated with [35S]methionine and the pattern of protein synthesis in the cells was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Analysis of the labeled proteins from cells exposed to UV-B radiation showed the induction of a 32 kD polypeptide and the loss of a 26 kD polypeptide compared with controls. Analysis of the proteins released by the UV-B irradiated cells into the culture medium revealed the 50% loss of a 37 kD radiolabeled protein compared with controls. The alteration of protein synthesis in lens epithelial cells by UV-B radiation may contribute to cataract formation.
An ethnoarchaeological perspective on soils

Abstract As archaeologists become increasingly sophisticated in their use of soils in understanding settlement patterns, it is necessary to consider what prehistoric food producers might have known about the soils of their landscape and how this could have influenced their land use strategies. A review of ethnopedological studies demonstrates that non‐Western soil classifications tend to be less developed than comparable folk botanical or zoological classifications and that they usually consist of no more than four or five soil categories. An analysis of historic settlement patterns of the Nigerian Kofyar shows that soil variability may not be the primary determinant in the location of early agricultural settlements. Archaeologists may wish to follow the lead of traditional agriculturalists and understand the full variety of locational constraints on agricultural settlements, before using subtle differences in the distribution of soils as the primary explanation of settlement variability.
Auditory Vigilance in Repeated Sessions

In spite of the widespread interest in problems of vigilance and the relatively large number of vigilance studies, few attempts have been made to study the effects of practice. Although Buckner, et al. (1960) found that performance on a combined auditory discrimination vigilance task improves with repetition, no practice effects were noted for a similar task of visual monitoring. The primary purpose of the Buckner study, however, was to measure individual differences in monicoring ability. In another study, specifically designed to measure the effects of repeated and prolonged sessions, Webb and Wherry (1960) found no change in the detection of auditory signals. Their sample, however, consisted of only three Ss and the signal duration used was quite long (3 sec.). Not only have vigilance investigators consistently found that individuals differ widely in their monicoring ability, but also at least one investigator, Adams (1956), reported that detection probability over time is a direct function of signal duration. Since the Webb and Wherry results may well have been due to either one or both of these factors, it was felt desirable to repeat the Webb and Wherry study using a larger sample of Ss and a signal of shorter duration. METHOD Ss were 20 Army enlisted men undergoing military training at Fort Knox, Kentucky. The average age was 23 yr., and all were free of hearing defects as determined by Army medical standards. The signal was a brief interruption (.03 sec. as measured by a Hunter Klockounter) of a continuous white noise source presented to S over PDR-8 earphones. To prevent S from learning a particular schedule, two different aperiodic signal schedules were used. In the two schedules, the intersignal intervals ranged from 45 to 600 and from 32 to 360 sec. In both schedules, the intersignal intervals were randomized by means of a table of random numbers. Both schedules, however, had the same mean, over-all intersignal interval of 2.5 min. White noise was provided by a Grayson-Stadler noise generator (Model 455B). The sound level was 44 db above the average threshold for 10 staff military Ss. The signals, interruptions in the white noise, were made by a Gerbrands variable interval programmer using punched-paper tape and a simple 24-v d.c. relay timing circuit. Ss' signal detections were recorded on a model AW voltage type Esterline-Angus operations recorder. Each S monitored the noise from an individual isolated room for 30 min. in the morning (0800-0930) and 90 min. in the afternoon (1300-1430) for five successive
Effect of Colloidal Carriers on the Disposition and Tissue Uptake of Doxorubicin: II. Conjugation with Isobutyl-Cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles

AbstractThe effect of isobutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles, in the size range of 100–220nm, on the disposition of doxorubicin was investigated. After intravenous injection of drug-containing nanoparticles into rats, the plasma concentration showed an initial rapid rise before a biphasic decline. The rate of the breakdown of the polymer was found to be much slower than the anticipated value. Urine now declined significantly after injection. The concentration of drug in the liver, kidney, lung and spleen was lower than the control and did not increase over time. The low concentration may be attributed to the slow breakdown of the polymer in the body and slow release of the drug associated with the matrix of the carrier. The association of doxorubicin with the nanoparticles alters pharmacokintics of the drug in ways that could provide optimal condition for drug distribution within the systemic circulation and a therapeutic effect with a lesser probability of cardiotoxicity.
Secondary Listing for Deceased‐Donor Kidney Transplantation Does Not Increase Likelihood of Engraftment at a Large Transplant Center

The supply of donor organs has not increased as fast as has the number of patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Few organs are shared outside the areas of recovery. This trend has caused some ESRD patients to seek listing at multiple centers. We examined UNOS registry data and transplant registry data at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) for the 576 patients listed at multiple centers over an 8-year span ending December 31, 2005. We identified 72 multilisted patients who received a deceased-donor renal allograft at UAB and reviewed their records for demographics, HLA matching and transfer of listing time. The only predictors for transplantation at UAB were initial listing at UAB or transfer of waiting time. Fifty-one of the 72 patients had listed at UAB first; the other 21 had transferred waiting time. None of the 176 patients who listed elsewhere first and did not transfer waiting time had been transplanted at UAB. Aggregate cost of listing and evaluation for the 176 patients listed elsewhere first who did not transfer waiting time was $1 254 528. Secondary listing at UAB, with a large cohort awaiting transplantation, without transfer of waiting time from another center was an expensive and futile process.
Studies on the fine structure of spermatids and spermatozoa of the crab, Pinnixia sp.

Early spermatids of the carb, Pinnixia sp., are characterized by a large nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. During early spermiogenesis an organelle, composed of pentalaminar membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes, is formed. Portions of this organelle become incorporated within a cylinder-shaped invagination of the acrosome. Portions of the nuclear membrane disappear beneath the acrosome resulting in intermingling of nucleoplasm, centrioles and mitochondria. The nuclear membrane elsewhere is found as a pentalaminar membrane underlying the plasma membrane. Centrioles are found in mature spermatozoa at the base of the cylinder-shaped acrosomal invagination, and mitochondria are found intermingled with nuclear remanants surrounding the acrosome. This datum is compared to previously described events in spermiogenesis of other decapod crustacea and arthropods exhibiting similar modes of spermiogenesis. It is concluded that the differences and/or similarities exhibited by centrioles and mitochondria in these forms could be significant in terms of subsequent zygote differentiation.
DYNAMIC NUCLEAR POLARIZATION

Dynamic nuclear polarization (i.e., first-order orientation) is reviewed theoretically, with particular attention to spin I = 1/2 nuclei. Spin hamiltonians, eigenvalue equations, population distributions, and resonance enhancement are considered. Results for H, D, Li/sup 7/, C/sup 13/, F/sup 19/, Na/sup 23/, Al/su p 27/, Si/sup 29/, s/sup 76/, and Sb/sup 122/ are tabulated. (T.F.H.)
Teaching the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations using Excel 5.0

Personal computer-based computational programs have begun to replace procedural programming as the tools of choice for engineering problem solving. These tools offer ease of use along with sufficient computational power to solve realistic problems. Hence, the development time is reduced while retaining sufficient complexity. These advantages are particularly important in the classroom, allowing students to focus initially on algorithms, with little time spent learning the use of the particular tool. Later, the students can develop more sophisticated solutions using the advanced capabilities of the tool. An example is given using Microsoft Excel 5.0, implementing algorithms for solving ordinary differential equations. The simple interface of the spreadsheet can be used to learn the fundamentals of the algorithm, and then the macro language Visual Basic can be used to produce more powerful equation solvers. The final result is an adaptive algorithm that can easily be used to numerically solve complex systems of differential equations. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A rapid method for the estimation of β-galacto-cerebrosidase, β-glucocerebrosidase and sphingomyelinase activities in leukocytes

Abstract A method for the assay of leukocyte (β-galactocerebrosidase, β-glucocere-brosidase and sphingomyelinase activities has been developed, based on the separation of the tritiated sphingolipid substrates from their corresponding radioactive hydrophobic product (ceramide) by thin-layer chromatography on Silica gel H coated microscope slides. For the determination of β-galactocerebrosidase and β-glucocerebrosidase activities the silica gel is impregnated with sodium tetraborate. Each chromatogram is easily divided into two distinct zones and the radioactivity content of each is determined by liquid scintillation counting. The technique described, is rapid, less costly than conventional methods and provides an accurate assessment of sphingolipid hydrolase activity. It is suggested that it should be of considerable value in those areas which require the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples, such as in screening for the sphingo-lipidoses or for enzyme purification studies.
Sex discrimination from the acetabulum in a twentieth-century skeletal sample from France using digital photogrammetry

Digital photogrammetric methods were used to collect diameter, area, and perimeter data of the acetabulum for a twentieth-century skeletal sample from France (Georges Olivier Collection, Musee de l'Homme, Paris) consisting of 46 males and 36 females. The measurements were then subjected to both discriminant function and logistic regression analyses in order to develop osteometric standards for sex assessment. Univariate discriminant functions and logistic regression equations yielded overall correct classification accuracy rates for both the left and the right acetabula ranging from 84.1% to 89.6%. The multivariate models developed in this study did not provide increased accuracy over those using only a single variable. Classification sex bias ratios ranged between 1.1% and 7.3% for the majority of models. The results of this study, therefore, demonstrate that metric analysis of acetabular size provides a highly accurate, and easily replicable, method of discriminating sex in this documented skeletal collection. The results further suggest that the addition of area and perimeter data derived from digital images may provide a more effective method of sex assessment than that offered by traditional linear measurements alone.
Peanuts— Especially their diseases

Peanuts have been grown in at least 38 States, have been of commercial importance in 12 of them, and in 1945 were cultivated on more than four million acres in the United States and on about 25 million acres throughout the world.
John Quincy Adams's rhetorical crusade for astronomy.

Astronomy thrived in Europe during the early nineteenth century, but in the United States a utilitarian mind-set opposed it. John Quincy Adams's oratory in support of American astronomical discovery reached its peak during congressional debate over the Smithsonian Institution (1838-1846). During this debate Adams countered proposals to found a university with plans for an observatory. His addresses to congressional and public audiences about observatories and astronomy were intended to foster interest in the science and encourage the growing astronomical community in America. Although the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., was established before the Smithsonian debate ended, many considered Adams its political father. Adams composed his speeches on astronomy in a systematic manner, following neoclassical principles of rhetoric that he had taught at Harvard University. His speeches both in and outside of Congress show evidence of the rhetorical principles he conscientiously used in the service of ...
Keloid fibroblasts in culture: Abnormal growth behaviour and altered response to the epidermal growth factor

Keloid fibroblasts were propagated in culture and their proliferative behaviour and response to the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) were studied. Keloid fibroblasts grew at a rate which was approximately one-half that of normal age, sex and race matched control fibroblasts. Keloid fibroblasts were stimulated to grow in the presence of EGF (10 ng/ml), but to a lesser degree than the normal control fibroblasts. Scatchard analysis of the binding data obtained using 125I-labeled EGF revealed no difference in binding affinity or receptor numbers between keloid and normal fibroblasts.
Life Prediction of SnPb and SnAg Solder Joints in PBGA Packages Using a Severity Metric

A severity metric is developed to predict the life of SnPb and SnAg solder joints in PBGA packages by quantitatively estimating the changes in damage arising from different board configurations and accelerated thermal cycle tests (ATC). Damage measures include time-dependent creep, time-independent plastic deformation, and an effective stress that is computed from the ATC parameters of temperatures, dwell-time, and ramp rates and from package geometries on the printed wiring board. Life prediction using this severity metric has been applied to 24 sets of test data on SnPb and SnAg solder joints in 357-PBGA packages and include three post-processing conditions (aged at 150/160°C, quenched at 0°C, and air-cooled), three ATC test conditions (0–100°C, −40–125°C, and −55–125°C), and four package-on-board geometric configurations. Statistical analysis is provided to compare the life predictions based upon the severity metric and from ATC testing—predicted joint life is well within one standard deviation of the experimental mean value of life for most of the 24 cases. The severity metric can be used to quantify the effects of design and manufacturing choices on joint life.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
From data to models

Data on the movement of people becomes ever more detailed, but robust models explaining the observed patterns are still needed. Mapping the problem onto a 'network of networks' could be a promising approach.
Mn(II) oxidation in Pseudomonas putida GB-1 is influenced by flagella synthesis and surface substrate

Bacterially mediated manganese(II) oxidation greatly affects the biogeochemical cycling of Mn and other elements. One species of bacteria that are capable of Mn(II) oxidation is the gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonasputida GB-1. In this organism, Mn(II) oxidation begins in stationary phase on the outer surface of the cell, forming a layer of insoluble Mn(III,IV) oxides. A random transposon mutagenesis screen isolated 12 mutant strains of P. putida GB-1 that exhibited increased Mn(II) oxidation on solid media relative to wild type. In 8 out of the 12 strains, the transposon had inserted into a putative flagellar gene. Those 8 strains each had motility defects, thus the disrupted genes are part of the P. putida GB-1 flagellar regulon. The flagellar genes identified include putative structural components (FliC, FliD, FlgE, and FlgL) and regulatory proteins (FlgM and FleN). Deletion of either the FleN gene (fleN) or the overlapping gene fliA resulted in increased Mn(II) oxidation, while in-frame deletion of fliF, which encodes an essential component of the basal body, did not. In liquid media, the flagellar mutants exhibited delayed Mn(II) oxidation relative to wild type. These results suggest that bacterial Mn(II) oxidation is regulated in part by flagellar-mediated responses to the surface substrate.
‘The Whole Place is in Pandemonium': Dick Tiger Versus Gene Fullmer III, and the Consumption of Boxing in Nigeria

This article focuses on the third fight between Dick Tiger and Gene Fullmer that took place in Ibadan, Nigeria, as a lens to view the consumption of leisure and sport in Nigeria in the years after Nigerian independence in 1960. More specifically, this fight not only highlights the importance of sport and boxing to Nigerians but also shows how Nigerians consumed boxing primarily in newspapers, as well as at boxing venues, and through the ‘performance' in the ring. Using archival research, oral interviews and newspaper coverage of the fight, this article analyses the collection and valorisation of fighters' pictures, how the ‘performance' of boxing and ‘the ring' were sites of consumption and places where ideals of manliness, sportsmanship and fair play were contested and recreated, and how sports fandom surrounding boxing was an important part of everyday life that was furiously discussed, debated, consumed and enjoyed.
Time splitting for wave equations in random media

Numerical simulation of high frequency waves in highly heterogeneous media is a challenging problem. Resolving the fine structure of the wave field typically requires extremely small time steps and spatial meshes. We show that capturing macroscopic quantities of the wave field, such as the wave energy density, is achievable with much coarser discretizations. We obtain such a result using a time splitting algorithm that solves separately and successively propagation and scattering in the simplified regime of the parabolic wave equation in a random medium. The mathematical theory of the convergence and statistical properties of the algorithm is based on the analysis of the Wigner transforms in random media. Our results provide a step toward understanding time and space discretizations that are needed in order for the numerical algorithm to capture the correct macroscopic statistics of the wave energy density in a random medium.
Obstructive sleep apnea detection using SVM-based classification of ECG signal features

Sleep apnea is the instance when one either has pauses of breathing in their sleep, or has very low breath while asleep. This pause in breathing can range in frequency and duration. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the common form of sleep apnea, which is currently tested through polysomnography (PSG) at sleep labs. PSG is both expensive and inconvenient as an expert human observer is required to work over night. New sleep apnea classification techniques are nowadays being developed by bioengineers for most comfortable and timely detection. This paper focuses on an automated classification algorithm which processes short duration epochs of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data. The presented classification technique is based on support vector machines (SVM) and has been trained and tested on sleep apnea recordings from subjects with and without OSA. The results show that our automated classification system can recognize epochs of sleep disorders with a high accuracy of 96.5% or higher. Furthermore, the proposed system can be used as a basis for future development of a tool for OSA screening.
Cotton Leafperforator: Behavior on the Cotton Plant

Responses of cotton leafperforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck, adults and miner larvae to cotton plants appear to be geotactic and are not directly influenced by plant morphological characters nor by the environmental factors studied. Free feeding larvae on cultivated cottons preferred the bottom surface of the leaves 68% of the time while 76% of the feeding holes were found on the upper surface of the leaves of wild cotton. Behavior of this stage cannot be explained entirely by any one of the variables examined in this study. Wild and laboratory strains of the insect responded in the same way regardless of differences in cotton cultivars and environmental situations.
Synthetic rates of key stored fatty acids in the biosynthesis of sex pheromone in the moth Heliothis virescens.

Abstract Using a tracer–tracee approach, we fed 1-d-old virgin Heliothis virescens U- 13 C-glucose and analyzed the key labeled fatty acids, ( Z )-11-hexadecenoate, hexadecanoate and octadecanoate, known to be intermediates in pheromone biosynthesis, by mass isotopomer distribution analysis. This method allowed determination of enrichment, and fractional (FSR) and absolute (ASR) synthetic rates. As expected, FSRs and ASRs for all three moieties were greater in the scotophase than photophase. However, in whole gland extracts, FSRs and ASRs of ( Z )-11-hexadecenoate and hexadecanoate were much lower than those of the major pheromone component, ( Z )-11-hexadecenal, determined previously. Since pheromone is made via these acids, we postulated that pheromone was produced directly and very rapidly via a small pool of acyl CoA thioesters of these acids and that the pool of acids we analyzed in our whole gland extract was largely a ‘dead end’ pool of excess acids (i.e., not converted directly to pheromone) stored in glycerolipids. We tested this by fractionating the whole glandular extract and analyzing the glycerolipid fraction. FSRs and ASRs for the two acids in the glycerolipid fraction were similar to those for the whole gland extract, confirming our postulate. Thus, most acetate produced in the pheromone gland is converted rapidly and directly to pheromone, while excess fatty acids are stored in glycerolipids and remain relatively inaccessible for pheromone production, at least over the two periods studied. Precursor enrichment of octadecanoate was substantially lower than that determined for the two 16-carbon acids and pheromone component. This suggests that hexadecanoate is the principal product of the multi-enzyme complex fatty acid synthase in the gland, and that octadecanoate is formed by subsequent chain elongation of hexadecanoate.
Information and communication technology: connecting the public and first responders during disasters

Lack of success in disaster recovery occurs for many reasons, with one predominant catalyst for catastrophic failure being flawed and inefficient communication systems. Increased occurrences of devastating environmental hazards and human-caused disasters will continue to promulgate throughout the United States and around the globe as a result of the continuous intensive urbanization forcing human population into more concentrated and interconnected societies. With the rapid evolutions in technology and the advent of Information and communication technology (ICT) interfaces such as Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Myspace, and Smartphone technology, communication is no longer a unidirectional source of information traveling from the newsroom to the public. In the event of a disaster, time critical information can be exchanged to and from any person or organization simultaneously with the capability to receive feedback. A literature review of current information regarding the use of ICT as information infrastructures in disaster management during human-caused and natural disasters will be conducted. This article asserts that the integrated use of ICTs as multidirectional information sharing tools throughout the disaster cycle will increase a community's resiliency and supplement the capabilities of first responders and emergency management officials by providing real-time updates and information needed to assist and recover from a disaster.
Antecubital vein approach for recording his bundle activity in man

Abstract The technique of recording electrograms of the specialized conduction system in man by an electrode catheter advanced from the femoral vein is well established. The presently described technique permits such recordings to be made utilizing an antecubital vein. Right heart catheterization was performed on 20 successive patients and His bundle electrograms (HBE) were obtained using the conventional approach. In addition a tripolar electrode catheter of special design was introduced into an antecubital vein and advanced to the region of the tricuspid valve (TV). The tip of this catheter was formed into a pronounced “J” curve, the curvature of which was adjusted by a proximally located tip deflection device. The catheter was advanced across the tricuspid valve and slightly withdrawn. Recordings of the HBE and right bundle branch obtained in 19 of 20 patients were comparable in frequency response, amplitude, duration, and stability during atrial pacing and premature atrial stimulation. Fluoroscopy time was comparable using both approaches. The antecubital vein approach is indicated in those cases in which femoral vein catheterization is contraindicated or technically impossible.
Molecular weights and gyration radii of amylopectins determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography equipped with multi-angle laser-light scattering and refractive index detectors

Abstract High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) equipped with multi-angle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index (RI) detectors was used to determine weight-average molecular weight ( M w ) and z -average radius of gyration ( R z ) of amylopectin of selected starches. Ranges of M w and R z values of amylopectin were 7.0×10 7 –5.7×10 9 g/mol and 191–782 nm, respectively. Amylopectins of waxy starches had substantially larger M w than did those of normal starch counterparts. Based on the dispersed-molecular density ( M w / R z 3 ), waxy amylopectins displayed, in general, larger dispersed-molecular density than did normal amylopectin counterparts, and amylopectins of the A-type starches had larger dispersed-molecular density than did those of the B-type starches. These results suggested that amylopectins of waxy starches had more branch-chains and no extra long chains, which resulted in more densely packed molecules than did those of normal starch counterparts. The amylopectin of B-type starch had longer but fewer branch-chains, which resulted in smaller dispersed density than did that of the A-type starch. M w and R z values of amylose isolated from amylomaize VII starch were also determined to be 2.8×10 5 and 43 nm, respectively.
Joint reading between mothers and their head start children: Vocabulary development in two text formats

The intent of this study was to examine the ways in which Head Start children's vocabulary was developed when they and their mothers engaged in joint reading contexts. Nineteen dyads were observed while interacting around expository texts presented in two formats: familiar (newspaper toy advertisements) and traditional (trade books). Dyads in this study were observed in their homes across four observations while reading a series of presented texts. Children's ability to identify words from the texts read was measured as was their comprehension of a standardized receptive vocabulary list. Mothers talked more than children in all contexts; furthermore, different forms of talk were observed around the different text formats. Correlational and sequential analyses indicated that children's word recall was best predicted by responsive maternal strategies, such as encouraging children to talk about the text, and children's modelling maternal strategies. Word recall and vocabulary, however, was significantly corr...
To know is not to love: Cognitive and affective barriers toward the adoption of evolutionary theory

Despite widespread acceptance of natural selection in biology and the life sciences, social and developmental scientists have resisted incorporating evolutionary frameworks into research and teaching curricula. Charlesworth (1992) has argued that developmentalists avoid evolution because they perceive it as running contrary to meliorist attitudes that are predominate in the field. Other scholars have suggested that evolution is ignored by social scientists because of a lack of knowledge about the theory. In this study, we suggest that resistance among developmentalists toward evolution may occur due to individual differences in life history and personality traits. We examine the meliorist attitudes, life history and personality traits of faculty, graduate and undergraduates in family studies in human development and the effect these variables have on the acceptance and usage of evolutionary theory in academia. Results reveal that life history may contribute to more meliorism, increasing disuse of evolutionary theory due to affective reasons.
Lys-tRNA4 levels and cell division in mouse 3T3 cells

Abstract tRNA 4 lys is an isoaccepting tRNA lys which has been proposed as a necessary requirement for cell division in mammalian cells. We have measured the levels of this tRNA lys during the growth cycle of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. High levels of tRNA 4 lys were seen throughout exponential growth. However, a marked decrease in tRNA 4 lys occurred 24 h before the cells became confluent. This decrease was observed in three different 3T3 cell lines, but was not seen in a transformed 3T3 cell line. Trypsinization and replating of contact-inhibited cells returned tRNA 4 lys to the levels characteristic of exponential cells. Data from these and other cell lines show a direct relationship between the levels of tRNA 4 lys and the growth rate of cells in culture.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Computational Photography

Since their inception over three decades ago, the fields of computer vision, image processing, and computer graphics have been concerned with analyzing, manipulating, and synthesizing images using numerical algorithms. While these three fields continue to evolve in a loosely coupled manner, users' near-ubiquitous access to digital cameras and personal computers has spurred renewed interest in what is now dubbed computational photography, which lies at the intersection of these fields. The Guest Editors provide an overview of computational photography's evolution, provide links to additional resources, and introduce the articles they've selected for the issue.
Effects of Phosphorus Supplementation on Growing Turkeys as Measured by Body Weight and Toe Ash

Abstract THE phosphorus requirement of turkeys from day old to 4, 6, or 8 weeks of age has received considerable study (Almquist, 1954; Creech et al., 1956). However for the age range from eight weeks to maturity, the phosphorus requirement has had little study. Sullivan (1959, 1960) has studied phosphorus requirements of Broad Breasted Bronze (BBB) turkeys from 4 to 16 and from 8 to 20 weeks of age and concluded that female turkeys needed 0.7 to 0.8 percent of total phosphorus while male turkeys needed 0.75 to 0.85 percent of total phosphorus. Body weights and bone ash values were used as criteria of judgment. Previous work at this station (Wilcox et al., 1954) had indicated that BBB turkeys required approximately 0.9 percent total phosphorus from 8 to 12 weeks of age and approximately 0.8 percent total phosphorus from 12 to 24 weeks of age. These values included additions of 0.5…
Does local injection with lidocaine plus epinephrine prior to vaginal reconstructive surgery with synthetic mesh affect exposure rates? A retrospective comparison.

Does local injection with lidocaine plus epinephrine prior to vaginal reconstructive surgery with synthetic mesh affect exposure rates? A retrospective comparison. To determine if local injection, prior to incision with lidocaine plus epinephrine (L + E) influences the rate of mesh exposure in the early postoperative period following synthetic mesh augmented vaginal reconstructive surgery (MAVR). We performed a chart review over an 18-month period of patients who underwent MAVR. The presence of mesh exposure at the 3-month postoperative visit, demographic data and whether or not L + E was used to hydrodissect was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether hydrodissection influenced erosion rates. A total of 143 meshes were placed, hydrodissection with L + E was used in 78 cases and was not in the remaining 65 cases. There were 10 (7.0% 10/143) total erosions at the 3-month postoperative visit, 6 (7.7%; 6/78) in the group that got L + E and 4 (6.2%; 4/65) in the group that did not get local injection. This difference was not significant (p = 0.740, OR 1.54 95% CI 0.41–5.76). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of age, presence of diabetes, concurrent incontinence repair or estimated blood loss. Mesh exposure is a known complication of MAVR. Our study suggests that local injection with L + E prior to vaginal surgery does not influence exposure rates.
Dihydrojasmone Synthesis. Pyrolytic Cleavage of a Cyclopropyl Ketone

Abstract The jasmonoids are among the most frequently synthesized natural products. Although a great number of approaches were summarized in a review1 in 1974, new syntheses2 totalled in some twenties have appeared in the interim. We now wish to communicate another route to dihydrojasmone (1) embodying a pathway to the familiar undecan-2,5-dione.
Tumor-related immunity in prostate cancer patients treated with human recombinant granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

BACKGROUND Granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) supports the survival, expansion, and differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid derived dendritic cells (DCs). We hypothesized that systemic therapy with GM-CSF in prostate cancer patients could augment prostate cancer-related immunity and induce clinical response. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either 125 or 250 µg/m2 GM-CSF subcutaneously three times a week until clinical progression. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) T cell precursor frequencies were determined by a flow cytometric method. RESULTS We were able to show, for the first time, a statistically significant correlation between pre-treatment PSA level and PSA-specific CD4+ T cell precursors and a trend between pre-treatment PSA level and PSA-specific CD8+ T cell precursors (P <0.0001 and P = 0.059, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that existent immunity to PSA in prostate cancer patients may be a promising target for future immunotherapeutic approaches to prostate cancer. Prostate 66:667–674, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
New measurement of the proton-electron mass ratio

Abstract Using a compensated quadring Penning trap operated in a high magnetic field (5.05 T) at cryogenic temperatures (4.2 K), an r.f. resonance ion storage technique allows cyclotron resonances for both electrons and protons, alternately trapped in the same magnetic well, to be compared in order to yield the proton-electron mass ratio m p / m e = 1836.152470(76). The 41 p.p.b. uncertainty primarily reflects a systematic shift which arises from the two charge types not having the same average magnetron orbit.
Modes of paramyxovirus fusion: a Henipavirus perspective

Henipavirus is a new genus of Paramyxoviridae that uses protein-based receptors (ephrinB2 and ephrinB3) for virus entry. Paramyxovirus entry requires the coordinated action of the fusion (F) and attachment viral envelope glycoproteins. Receptor binding to the attachment protein triggers F to undergo a conformational cascade that results in membrane fusion. The accumulation of structural and functional studies on many paramyxoviral fusion and attachment proteins, including the recent elucidation of structures of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) G glycoproteins bound and unbound to cognate ephrinB receptors, indicate that henipavirus entry and fusion could differ mechanistically from paramyxoviruses that use glycan-based receptors.
Glancing Back at New Directions for Student Services, 1997–2014

This chapter describes and discusses the topics covered in the New Directions for Student Services sourcebook series from 1997 through 2014 and provides a profile of the guest editors for the series.
Developmental changes in c-fos expression to an age-specific social stressor in infant rats

Young rats become immobile when exposed to a potentially infanticidal adult male rat. Male-induced immobility declines during the preweaning period, paralleling the decrease in infanticidal threat. To investigate the neural substrates underlying the developmental change in immobility, male-induced expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos was assessed on postnatal days 7, 14 and 21. A huddle of three young rats was exposed to an adult male behind a screen. As control, three littermates were put in the testing chamber but not exposed to the male. On day 7, male exposed and control pups were immobile most of the time and c-fos expression did not differ between conditions. On day 14, rats in the presence of the male stopped ongoing behaviors and became immobile. They had significantly higher c-fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the amygdala, the periaqueductal gray, and the locus ceruleus. On day 21, the male-exposed rats that were immobile had elevated c-fos expression in a similar pattern as on day 14, however, different nuclei of the amygdala were activated. In contrast, male-exposed 21-day-old rats that showed control levels of immobility did not have elevated c-fos expression in these areas. These results demonstrate that male exposure induced c-fos expression in brain areas of young rats in an age-specific pattern. Some of the activated brain areas seem to have contributed to immobility. Differential activation of neuronal populations may underlie developmental changes in defensive immobility during early ontogeny.
A Hardware Description Language for Processor Based Digital Systems

A new HDL (Hardware Description Language) for describing processor modules and support chips is presented in [1][2]. This paper presents a portion of the dissertation and illustrates the effectiveness of the new descriptive technique in describing complex digital systems with example descriptions of the PDP-11 computer system and the 2900 bit-slice components. The examples presented illustrate that the descriptive technique allows functional abstraction not only at the chip interface level (as in the M6800 system description presented in [1][2]) but also at the subsystem (or PCB module) level (as shown in the PDP-11 example). Language modifications and enhancements to increase the power of the language are also presented.
Characteristics of Diphtheria Bacilli Found in Baltimore Since November, 1942.

SummaryIn Baltimore during the past 3 years the gravis type of diphtheria bacillus has, as heretofore, been absent or rare. However, during this period there have been isolated, chiefly from clinical cases of diphtheria and contacts thereof, but also from casual carriers, many virulent and nonvirulent diphtheria bacilli characterized by (a) the production of minute colonies on blood-agar media containing potassium tellurite, and (b) slow, slight or irregular fermentation of dextrose. These characters are very frequently found together and for such organisms the designation minimus type is suggested as a convenience in discussion. Other virulent strains have been found which regularly ferment saccharose. The saccharose-fermenting strains studied do not appear to differ in other respects from ordinary diphtheria bacilli. A relationship between the minimus type of C. diphtheriae, and recent epidemiological and clinical observations in Baltimore, as well as the possible value of bacterial antigens in addition...
A comparison of procedures for handling mobility and missing level-2 identifiers in two-level data

This simulation study compared three ad hoc procedures for handling mobility of level-1 units across level-2 units and handling missing level-2 (here, school) identifiers for some level-1 units (students). The HLM-Delete procedure used the conventional hierarchical linear model (HLM) to analyse a dataset from which mobile and missing-identifier students had been removed. The MMREM-Delete procedure involved removing only students who were missing level-2 identifiers and estimating a multiple membership random effects model (MMREM). The third procedure (MMREM-Unique) involved no deletion and entailed creation of a pseudo-identifier for each missing level-2 identifier. All three procedures omitted a predictor of mobility from the estimating model. To provide a baseline comparison, a correctly specified MMREM was also estimated. Relative parameter bias was calculated for each parameter estimated. Across conditions, each procedure had some level of substantial bias with HLM-Delete performing worst. Results and implications for applied researchers are discussed.
Extrapolation of regularity using indirect encodings

The choice of training data used in evolution can have a significant impact on the generalized performance of the evolved solutions. Historically, if the training set was not representative of the problem's overall state space, the evolved solutions could not practically be applied to the overall problem. However, generative systems and indirect encodings are able to identify and leverage regularities in and the geometry of the state space to produce effective solutions to complex problems. This ability presents the possibility of using the regularity of a problem to effectively extrapolate evolved solutions to areas of the state space for which the training set was not representative. In this work, two different experiments are performed involving pattern reproduction and robot control to explicitly evaluate this extrapolation ability. Results show that an indirect encoding is able to extrapolate performance in one area of a problem's state space to a new area in which it has no experience with little to no loss of performance, depending on the regularities of the problem's state space. If the regularities were consistent through the entire state space and across the boundary between areas in which there was experience and no experience, extrapolation performance was high, but if the regularities were not consistent, there was a loss of performance.