cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of wall coated open-tubular columns for GC analysis of individual polychlorinated biphenyl isomers

The present article describes the development and testing of capillary columns for analysis of individual isomers of polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls, pesticides, and other halogenated hydrocarbons of environmental and biological importance.
Pulmonary mycetomas in immunocompetent patients: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration.

Mycetomas usually grow within preexisting cavities and frequently lead to pulmonary hemorrhage. We describe four males, aged 38 to 72 years, in whom mycetomas were diagnosed by FNA. Preexisting cavitary lesions resulted from tuberculosis, anaerobic absess, and bullous lung disease (two cases). Fine needle aspiration yielded tangled mats of fungal hyphae (large and grossly visible in three cases) and acute inflammatory cells. The atypical cells often seen in the walls of such lesions were not identified. Cultures showed Aspergillus (3 cases) Pseudoallescheria boydii (1 case). The diagnosis was surgically confirmed in two cases. Two patients were too ill for surgery and the fourth refused. At 7 and 10 months, the two remaining individuals have pulmonary hemorrhage but no evidence of progression or malignancy. In poor surgical candidates, conservative management of mycetomas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration is appropriate. Excluding mycetoma secondary to cavitary lung carcinoma requires careful correlation of historical, clinical, radiographic, cytologic, and follow-up data. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recent Progress in Understanding the Hormonal Regulation of Phosphodiesterases

I. Introduction LAYER after layer of novel regulatory circuits have been added to the map charting the signal transduction pathways that transport information throughout the cell. New components of these pathways are found at a breathtaking pace, and new functions for old components are continuously uncovered. It is now recognized that the complexity of these pathways resembles the intricacy and integration of the pathways of intermediate metabolism. This is especially true for the cyclic nucleotide-dependent signal transduction and its components, including cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs).These are the enzymes that with cyclases control the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. With the development of new molecular tools, a wealth of new information has accumulated on the structure and function of these enzymes. Four years ago we reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of PDEs (1). Here, we update this survey, reporting the most recent developments...
Fluoranthene-Induced Apoptosis in Murine T Cell Hybridomas Is Independent of the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor

Abstract Recent studies suggest that environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compromise the immune system in part through the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Nevertheless, mechanisms through which PAH induce apoptosis remain elusive. In particular, the role of the 8S AhR remains controversial and the nature of intracellular signal transduction in PAH-induced apoptosis remains largely undefined. To extend previous studies to the T cell compartment and to develop a clonal system in which intracellular signals leading to PAH-induced apoptosis can be dissected, the ability of fluoranthene, a ubiquitous, but less well-studied PAH, to induce apoptosis in murine T cell hybridomas was evaluated. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of the 8S AhR. The data indicate that (1) three of four hybridomas studied undergo apoptosis within 8 hr of fluoranthene exposure; (2) fluoranthene induces growth arrest concurrent with apoptosis; (3) at doses sufficient to induce lymphocyte apoptosis, fluoranthene does not induce AhR nuclear translocation in cells expressing high AhR levels; (4) fluoranthene-responsive hybridomas do not express AhR mRNA or protein; (5) the Ca 2+ chelating agent EGTA partially inhibits fluoranthene-induced apoptosis. These results (1) indicate the immunosuppressive potential of fluoranthene; (2) support a role for apoptosis in PAH immunotoxicity; (3) demonstrate that fluoranthene-mediated T cell death and growth arrest are AhR independent; and (4) illustrate similarities between PAH- and antigen-specific receptor-mediated apoptosis. These findings encourage consideration of AhR-independent events in PAH risk assessment.
The impact on breastfeeding of labour market policy and practice in Ireland, Sweden, and the USA.

Abstract In recent decades there has been a marked rise in the labour market participation of women with infants in many countries. Partly in response to this trend, there are calls for greater emphasis on infant and child health in research and policy development on parental leave and other work–family balancing measures. Yet achieving high rates of breastfeeding as a health objective has thus far received relatively little attention in this context. Biomedical literature outlines the important health benefits conferred by breastfeeding, including upon infants and young children among middle class populations in developed countries. International recommendations now advise exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. However, research indicates that the timing of the mother's resumption of employment is a key factor influencing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. There would thus appear to be considerable potential for labour policy and practice, particularly maternity/parental leave provisions, to positively influence breastfeeding practice. Taking the case studies of Ireland, Sweden, and the United States, this paper explores the implications of labour market and early childhood policy for breastfeeding practice. The equity tensions posed by the breastfeeding–maternal employment intersection are also examined. The paper concludes that both socio-cultural support and labour market/health/early childhood policy are important if high rates of both breastfeeding and women's employment are to be achieved in industrialised countries.
Perceived Voluntariness of Consent to Warrantless Police Searches1

Two issues involved in warrantless consent searches were examined: perceived voluntariness of consent and affirmativeness, or the form of a police search request. Research on actor-observer divergence in causal perceptions suggests the possibility of misunderstandings between courts and defendants concerning perceived voluntariness of consent to warrantless searches. Research on speech-act theory suggests that perceived choice of consent would be greatest when a search request was phrased interrogatively and unspecifically. In a laboratory experimental investigation of these legal issues, 96 subjects read vignettes in which two levels of perspective (consentor or observer) were crossed with two levels of request form (interrogative or declarative) and two levels of request specificity (not specific or specific). Observers underestimated the likelihood of consentors' requesting more information about the search request and overestimated consentors' perceived freedom to revoke consent and the permitted scope of the search. Search requests phrased interrogatively resulted in higher perceived choice in permitting entry, but also resulted in higher perceived likelihood of actually granting entry. Ignorance of legal ramifications of consent searches appears to be widespread, even in a college-educated sample.
Tasks in changing the organization from within (COFW).

This paper, after introducing the reader to some basic components of COFW, attempts to provide for the potential change catalyst in the human services organization more specific guidelines for action than are found in previously published material this sub field. These guidelines are in the form of tasks analytical and interactional. The analytical tasks discussed are: (a) goal determination what the change shall be; (b) resistance assessment-who and what may be potential obstacles to this change; and(c) strategy selection-which guidelines or strategies may be utilized to achieve the change goal. Of the many interactional tasks in an organizational change project, two major ones are presented and explored: (a) developing the action system, and (b) meeting with the administrators for decision making.
More complex DNA structures

Abstract Fibrous polynucleotide duplexes are very polymorphic. Detailed x-ray analysis of the D forms of poly d(AT) ·poly d(AT) and poly d(IC) ·poly d(IC) and of the B form of poly d(GC) ·poly d(GC) show that 5′RpY3′ dinucleoside monophosphates in these molecules have either t,t or t,g conformations at C3′–03′, 03′-P which lead to similar orientations of phosphate groups. On the other hand, 5′YpR3′ fragments commonly have g,t conformations and hence a markedly different orientation of the phosphate group. Studies of the more complex structures of the C form of poly d(ACC) ·poly d(GGT) and of a pleiomeric D form of poly d(AT) ·poly d(AT) where the repeated structural motifs are hexanucleotides reveal further details of the surface “wrinkles” on DNA. In the case of the H form of poly d(A) ·poly d(T), the sugar rings in each strand are puckered differently-C2′-endo in poly d(T) and C3′-endo in poly d(A). Such heteromerous duplexes have unusually pronounced directional properties. Similar structure ma be pres...
Density of the polynomials in Hardy and Bergman spaces of slit domains

It is shown that for any t, 0<t<∞, there is a Jordan arc Γ with endpoints 0 and 1 such that \(\Gamma\setminus\{1\}\subseteq\mathbb{D}:=\{z:|z|<1\}\) and with the property that the analytic polynomials are dense in the Bergman space \(\mathbb{A}^{t}(\mathbb{D}\setminus\Gamma)\) . It is also shown that one can go further in the Hardy space setting and find such a Γ that is in fact the graph of a continuous real-valued function on [0,1], where the polynomials are dense in \(H^{t}(\mathbb{D}\setminus\Gamma)\) ; improving upon a result in an earlier paper.
Equilibrium Approach to Second Sound in Solids

In the Boltzmann-equation derivation, second sound is seen as the self-sustained propagation of a temperature wave, assuming the establishment of local equilibrium. Kwok and Martin have shown, by a study of the linear response to a fluctuating displacement field, that second sound occurs as an elementary excitation. In this paper, we examine the phonon self-energy for a weakly anharmonic solid in thermal equilibrium. For thermal phonons, the usual lowest-order perturbation term yields the frequency shift and width, which are small compared with the phonon frequency. For a phonon of frequency comparable with the frequency width of the thermal phonons, a sum of ladder diagrams for the self-energy is needed. The sum is shown to be governed by a Boltzmann-type equation. In an isotropic, dispersionless model and under the conditions of strong normal three-phonon scatterings and weak umklapp scatterings, the second-sound mode occurs in the same way as the phonon mode. This is shown by a completely equilibrium method without any concepts of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.
Wildfire Research in an Environmental Hazards Course: An Active Learning Approach

Creating opportunities for students to actively apply hazards theory to real-life situations is often a challenge in hazards geography courses. This article presents a project, the Jocko Lakes Fire Project, that implemented learning strategies to encourage students to be active in wildfire hazards research. Wildfire hazards stand out as an increasing threat to communities in forested areas given current and projected rates of urbanization, the growing concentration of wealth in hazard-prone areas, the increasing costs of forest wildfire reduction, and climate change. Components of the project involved students in problem definition and the articulation of a research plan; identifying and collecting relevant data; and analyzing and documenting the wildfire hazard event. The student-based evaluation of the project and its outcomes highlights the ways in which this approach can increase understanding of local hazard scenarios, familiarity with relevant theory, geographical knowledge, and skills in research.
Chemical vapor deposition of boron carbide

Boron carbide is an important non-metallic material with outstanding hardness, excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Its low density, high chemical inertness and neutron capture section make boron carbide an attractive material for micro-electronic, nuclear, military, space and medical applications. Boron carbide based materials are widely deposited by chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD). This paper provides a comprehensive review on the recent literature of boron carbide CVD. Structure, properties and potential application areas of this material are also reviewed. The status of the theoretical modeling of boron carbide deposition and the developments on the experimental processes are reported. It was evident from this review that extensive research still remains to be done on the modeling of CVD boron carbides. Majority of the reviewed published research papers deals with characterization, and growth rate of deposited boron carbide phases. Some thermodynamic modeling based on Gibbs free energy minimization were attempted in classical CVD systems. However, these models were often not able to represent the actual growth mechanism. No significant modeling work has been reported in other CVD systems such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), synchrotron radiation chemical vapor deposition (SRCVD). Reliable thermo-chemical data for boron carbides with various stoichiometries are also needed to study and model actual deposition reaction mechanisms of such complex systems.
Promoter structure and transcriptional activation with chromatin templates assembled in vitro. A single Gal4-VP16 dimer binds to chromatin or to DNA with comparable affinity

To gain a better understanding of the role of chromatin in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, we examined the relation between promoter structure and the ability of Gal4-VP16 to function with chromatin templates assembled in vitro. First, to investigate whether there are synergistic interactions among multiple bound factors, we studied promoter constructions containing one or five Gal4 sites and found that a single recognition site is sufficient for Gal4-VP16 to bind to chromatin, to induce nucleosome rearrangement, and to activate transcription. Notably, we observed that Gal4-VP16 binds to a single site in chromatin with affinity comparable with that which it binds to naked DNA, even in the absence of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling activity. Second, to explore the relation between translational nucleosome positioning and transcriptional activation, we analyzed a series of promoter constructions in which nucleosomes were positioned by Gal4-VP16 at different locations relative to the RNA start site. These experiments revealed that the positioning of a nucleosome over the RNA start site is not an absolute barrier to transcriptional activation. Third, to determine the contribution of core promoter elements to transcriptional activation with chromatin templates, we tested the ability of Gal4-VP16 to activate transcription with TATA box- versus DPE-driven core promoters and found that the TATA box is not required to achieve transcriptional activation by Gal4-VP16 with chromatin templates. These results suggest that a single protomer of a strong activator is able to bind to chromatin, to induce nucleosome remodeling, and to activate transcription in conjunction with a broad range of chromatin structures and core promoter elements.
The Sacred : the French Evidence

The notion of the sacred is one of the conceptual tools most commonly used in religious studies. It even at times seems simply constitutive of the field: what we do is study the sacred. But such a preeminent position carries its own perils: we may at times forget that a tool is a tool, blithely ride on the consensus and believe that the sacred is the sacred. The purpose of this note is twofold: 1.) to shed some more light on the history of the notion of the sacred; 2.) and by using evidence from French history and scholarship, to diminish somewhat the mesmerizing effect that Otto's classical book The Idea of the Holy seems to have on many minds. Since my observations will bear mainly on what people say, on the language(s) they use, but also, tangentially, on what actually was the case, and, even more tangentially, on what is or might be the case, some opening methodological caveats are in order. Two distinctions seem above all necessary: 1.) one should ideally always be aware of the distinction between our language and their language; 2.) one should also keep in mind the distinction between the daily vocabulary, used by ordinary people, and the learned vocabulary used by an elite that has purposes of its own, which may be "scientific." My observations, in the first part, will be mainly on the daily vocabulary, in the second part mainly on the learned one.1 In the French language we encounter only two terms: saint, and sacre, where English has three: saint, holy, and sacred. And on one point the
Prospects for the treatment of stroke using gene therapy.

Recent advances have demonstrated the use of gene therapy in the treatment of stroke in experimental animal models of focal ischemia, global ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Several different vectors for gene transfer have been studied including herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and liposomes. Genetically modified cell lines (e.g., bone marrow-derived cells) have been studied for ex vivo gene therapy. The effects of gene transfer to several brain regions including the striatum, cortex, hippocampus, subarachnoid space and blood vessels are reviewed. Targets of gene therapy, such as molecular cascades after ischemia onset (Ca2+ influx, ATP loss, increased nitric oxide) and events associated with apoptosis are also reviewed, in addition to how gene transfer may be used to understand pathomechanisms underlying ischemic injury and the temporal therapeutic windows following ischemia within which protective effects of gene therapy have been achieved. The prospects for gene therapy for...
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated and Edge Cities in Curitiba

Gated communities and edge cities are new forms of space production and consumption that promote changes in the character of public space and citizens' participation in public life. This study unveils the phenomena of their creation as a paradoxical attempt to return to community. Curitiba's examples of gated communities and edge cities show that, despite being internationally showcased as a model of good planning and urban design, this metropolis has not been immune to the global capital pressures and urban design tendencies occurring in many urban areas throughout the world, thus signalling both the currency and trans-nationality of these issues.
The Literacy Myth at Thirty

This article reviews the thirty year history of The Literacy Myth: Literacy and Social Structure in the Nineteenth-Century City (1979). I reflect on The Literacy Myth and the critical concept of “the literacy myth” that it proposed on the occasion of the book’s thirtieth anniversary, a special and also a sobering moment. On the one hand, I speak to its broad influence in a number of fields of study; I also consider some of the criticisms encountered. On the other hand, I discuss what I think are its principal weaknesses and limits. The success of The Literacy Myth may be determined at least in part by the extent to which it stimulates new research and thinking that begin to supplant it. After considering the relevance and value of its general arguments for both persisting and newer questions and issues, I reframe my conclusions about social myths and in particular “the literacy myth.”
A new approach to assay endo-type carbohydrases: bifluorescent-labeled substrates for glycoamidases and ceramide glycanases.

Abstract Glycoamidases and ceramide glycanases are important "endo-type" enzymes for structural elucidations of glycoconjugates as well as for construction of neoglycoconjugates. The assay methods currently available for these enzymes are tedious and do not permit continual assay of the enzyme activities. We modified a desialylated biantennary glycopeptide with 2-naphthylacetic acid at the N-terminus and at the nonreducing terminal galactosyl residues with mono- N -dansylethylenediamine, via a specific oxidation of the C-6 hydroxyl group with galactose oxidase. In such a substrate, the naphthyl fluorescence (λ em = 335 nm) is quenched due to absorption of its emitted light by the dansyl group, which in turn results in emission of fluorescence (λ ex = 520 nm) by the latter. However, when the link between the two fluorophores is severed by glycoamidase (PNGase), the energy transfer ceases to occur. Consequently the emission of the dansyl fluorescence and the quenching of naphthyl fluorescence diminish or disappear. Likewise, the energy transfer between the fluorophores in an alkyl lactoside containing a dansyl group at the terminal position of aglycon and a 2-naphthylmethyl group on the galactosyl residue is also eliminated by the glycosidic cleavage by a ceramide glycanase from American leech, Macrobdella decora , resulting in enhancement of the naphthyl emission and decrease in the dansyl emission. The substrates presented here permit continuous fluorescent monitoring of the enzymatic reaction. This allows precise analyses of enzyme kinetics not possible with the conventional assay methods for the endo-type enzymes which usually require separation of reaction products.
Dream-walking in digital wasteland: Observations on the uses of black and white in Chinese independent documentary

AbstractIn the past two decades, an alternative film practice in China has actively engaged with digital media, yielding a robust body of DV works, fiction and non-fiction alike. In this article, I trace an evolving trend which uses a black and white ‘digital palette’, visible particularly in independent documentary, and I analyse its aesthetic and socio-political implications. Focusing on Huang Wenhai's Meng you/Dream Walking (2005) and Huang Weikai's Xianshi shi guoqu de weilai/Disorder (2009) and their different portrayals of the state of ‘dream walking’ on both individual and massive scales, I probe how they use black and white to move and push the sliding-door between realism, naturalism and surrealism as a means of redefining documentary realism and film-making in the digital era. These unique works boldly explore the new media to seek fitting texture and form for a turbulent postsocialist society bereft in chaos and confusion.
ASA’s Bachelor’s and Beyond Survey Findings and Their Implications for Students and Departments

With the support of the National Science Foundation, the American Sociological Association conducted a longitudinal survey of sociology majors from the class of 2005, following them from senior year into careers or graduate school. The first part of this article provides a context for the results from the What Can I Do with a Bachelor's Degree in Sociology? study and a summary of its key findings. Wave I data demonstrate strong student interest in sociological concepts, perceived mastery of some research skills but not others, and general satisfaction with the major. Sociology majors are both idealists and careerists. The majority expects to enter the job market after graduation but is not satisfied with the career advising they receive. Key findings from Wave II demonstrate that more respondents go directly into the job market than expected, job search strategies are important in finding a job that matches what students learned in their sociology programs, and those who find such jobs are more satisfied with the major. The second part discusses how the survey findings can be used to enhance curriculum, advising, and assessment without vocationalizing the curriculum and without adding extra burdens to faculty members' already heavy schedules. Finally, the article discusses how the data can be used as a baseline for department assessment.
Teaching sustainable engineering

In some ways, sustainable engineering may be thought of as the operational arm of industrial ecology: first use the methodologies of industrial ecology, such as life-cycle assessment, materials flow accounting, or product and process matrix analysis, to determine relevant social and environmental considerations; then use sustainable engineering methods to integrate that knowledge into process, product, and infrastructure design
Employer-provided health insurance and hospital mergers

This paper explores the impact of employer-provided health insurance on hospital competition and hospital mergers. Under employer-provided health insurance, employer executives act as agents for their employees in selecting health insurance options for their firm. The paper investigates whether a merger of hospitals favored by executives will result in a larger price increase than a merger of competing hospitals elsewhere. This is found to be the case even when the executive has the same opportunity cost of travel as her employees and even when the executive is the sole owner of the firm, retaining all profits. This is consistent with the Federal Trade Commission's findings in its challenge of Evanston Northwestern Healthcare's acquisition of Highland Park Hospital. Implications of the model are further tested with executive location data and hospital data from Florida and Texas.
Physiochemical properties of ferralterin. A regulatory iron-sulfur protein functional in oxygenic photosynthesis.

Abstract Ferralterin, an iron-sulfur protein identified earlier in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, was purified to homogeneity from spinach leaves and Nostoc muscorum cells. When isolated from both sources, ferralterin showed a molecular weight of about 28,000 and was comprised of three subunits: one of molecular weight 12,000 and two, apparently identical, of molecular weight 7000. Based on the Lowry method of protein estimation, ferralterin contained approximately 3 g atoms each of nonheme iron and acid-labile sulfide per mole. The iron-sulfur cluster of ferralterin showed unusual redox and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties. Ferralterin was EPR silent as isolated and did not show an EPR signal on addition of reductants such as sodium dithionite or on exposure to illuminated chloroplast membranes. These reducing conditions also had no significant effect on the absorption spectrum of isolated ferralterin. The ferralterin iron-sulfur cluster was oxidized selectively by ferricyanide and showed a midpoint redox potential of +410 mV. Ferricyanide-oxidized ferralterin was characterized by a low-temperature EPR signal with g values of 2.10, 2.05, and 2.00 (spinach) and 2.09, 2.04, and 1.98 ( Nostoc ). When oxidized by ferricyanide, the iron-sulfur cluster could be reduced by a variety of reductants, including illuminated chloroplast membranes. The results are consistent with the conclusion that, like several other iron-sulfur enzymes (aconitase, glutamine phospho-ribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, hydrogenase), ferralterin achieves its catalytic effect via an active group independently of a redox change in the iron-sulfur chromophore.
The Nozzle Acoustic Test Rig: an Acoustic and Aerodynamic Free-jet Facility

The nozzle acoustic test rig (NATR) was built at NASA Lewis Research Center to support the High Speed Research Program. The facility is capable of measuring the acoustic and aerodynamic performance of aircraft engine nozzle concepts. Trade-off studies are conducted to compare performance and noise during simulated low-speed flight and takeoff. Located inside an acoustically treated dome with a 62-ft radius, the NATR is a free-jet that has a 53-in. diameter and is driven by an air ejector. This ejector is operated with 125 lb/s of compressed air, at 125 psig, to achieve 375 lb/s at Mach 0.3. Acoustic and aerodynamic data are collected from test nozzles mounted in the free-jet flow. The dome serves to protect the surrounding community from high noise levels generated by the nozzles, and to provide an anechoic environment for acoustic measurements. Information presented in this report summarizes free-jet performance, fluid support systems, and data acquisition capabilities of the NATR.
Measuring atomic moment and magnetic order through magnetic linear dichroism with angular dependence studies of transition-metal alloys

Magnetic linear dichroism measurements allow the measurement of atomic moments and spin order in alloy magnetic systems with chemical specificity and surface sensitivity. The width of the dichroism spectrum is a measure of the atomic moment via the local exchange, while the dichroism amplitude is a measure of the elemental contribution to magnetic order in the alloy via the dipole selection rules. An analytical method has been introduced to accurately and systematically determine the dichroism width and amplitude in order to compare different alloy systems. Bcc and fcc binary alloys have been compared, and it is found that while the atomic moment is independent of the crystal structure and undergoes no collapse in moment, the magnetic order parameter collapses at the $\mathrm{NiFe}$ invar transition, as expected. Changing magnetic moments have been tracked with changing alloy composition, along with changes in the magnetic easy axis and Curie temperature, and are found to track the Slater-Pauling curve.
Reproducible and inducible knockdown of gene expression in mice

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an efficient approach for rapid analysis of gene function. In mammalian cells, vector-based expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) produces potent and stable gene knockdown effects. An inducible RNAi system with reproducible levels of siRNA expression will extend the usefulness of this methodology to the identification of gene functions within the developing or adult mouse. We present evidence that an RNA polymerase III-driven U6 promoter with stuffer sequences flanked by loxP sites inserted at three different sites within the promoter drives shRNA expression in a Cre recombinase-dependent manner. We utilized this approach to develop a generic strategy for the reproducible knockdown of gene expression in mice. By placing the inducible shRNA cassette into the ROSA26 locus of the mouse, we were able to generate reproducible levels of controlled expression of shRNA to produce discernable phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. This approach circumvents the prescreening of random integration in embryonic stem cell clones and further enables conditional gene knockdown with temporal and/or tissue specificity. This methodology should expedite large-scale functional studies.
Hermann Friedberg's case report: an early description of CLOVES syndrome

CLOVES syndrome is a recently described overgrowth disorder with complex vascular anomalies. Careful analysis of the case report by the German physician Hermann Friedberg "gigantism of the right lower limb" published in 1867 revealed that the report probably represents one of the first written accounts of CLOVES syndrome.
Fonctions plurisousharmoniques et courants positifs de type (1,1) sur une variété presque complexe

If (X, J) is an almost complex manifold, then a function u is said to be plurisubharmonic on X if it is upper semi-continuous and its restriction to every local pseudo-holomorphic curve is subharmonic. As in the complex case, it is conjectured that plurisubharmonicity is equivalent to the positivity of the (1,1)-current Open image in new window, (the (1,1)-current Open image in new window need not be closed here!). The conjecture is trivial if u is of class Open image in new window The result is elementary in the complex integrable case because the operator Open image in new window can be written as an operator with constant coefficients in complex coordinates. Hence the positivity of the current is preserved by regularising with usual convolution kernels. This is not possible in the almost complex non integrable case and the proof of the result requires a much more intrinsic study. In this chapter we prove the necessity of the positivity of the (1,1)-current Open image in new window. We prove also the sufficiency of the positivity in the particular case of an upper semi-continuous function f which is continuous in the complement of the singular locus f−1(−∞).
La BD d’affaires en France, une autre exception française? L’exemple de largo winch

Business fiction is a fiction that puts business issues, characters, institutions and mechanisms center stage. Using Jean Van Hamme’s popular series, Largo Winch (published from 1990 to today), as an example, I show why and how the “genre” seems to have strongly reemerged in the last 20 years in France after several decades of quasi-absence. This reemergence is obvious in various media but it is especially in the uniquely French tradition of the comics that the “fiction d’affaires” has recently boomed in quantity and quality: From Asterix: Obelix et Compagnie (1976) to Van Hamme’s other series, Les Maitres de l’orge (1990–1997) and Farid Boudjellal’s Le Beurgeois (1993), as well as Van Hamme’s follwers' series like Stephen Desberg's IR$ (1999–) and the financial reporter of La Tribune and Les Echos, Philippe Guillaume (Dantes: La Chute d’un trader, 2007–). It seems that many in the French intellectual and artistic milieux might have become more skeptical about the French Exception ideology and about what have been a taboo for a long time, that is, to “talk” (about) business.
Percutaneous chemical gallbladder sclerosis after laser-induced cystic duct obliteration: results in an experimental model.

Chemical gallbladder sclerosis has been attempted as a way to defunctionalize the gallbladder in patients who have undergone nonsurgical removal of gallstones and who are unable to undergo surgical/laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The purpose of this investigation was threefold: to study an animal model for chemical sclerosis of the gallbladder with 95% ethanol and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate, to attempt chemical sclerosis immediately after percutaneous cystic duct obliteration by laser thermocoagulation, and to assess histopathologic changes in the gallbladder after sclerosis.Percutaneous cholecystostomy and laser thermocoagulation of the cystic duct was performed in 13 pigs. Eight pigs underwent immediate gallbladder sclerosis with 95% ethanol and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate while two pigs received 95% ethanol only. The remaining three pigs served as controls. The cholecystostomy catheter was removed immediately after the procedure. All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after laser thermocoagulation. Multi...
Stress relaxation of a soda lime silicate glass below the glass transition temperature

Stress relaxation is an important effect in the ion-exchange procedure of glasses, as it controls the stress profile and the strength. Creep and stress relaxation tests have been performed to study the viscoelastic behavior of soda-lime silicate glass at typical ion-exchange temperatures. The experimental data of these tests can be fitted well by the Burger model and a comparison between the viscosity data from both tests was made. The strain and temperature dependences of the stress relaxation process were studied and the glass exhibited a non-linear viscoelastic behavior and an anomalous temperature dependence. In addition, it was found there is a relationship between the glass density and the stress relaxation behavior.
Irreversibility and Polymer Adsorption

Physisorption or chemisorption from dilute polymer solutions often entails irreversible polymer-surface bonding. We present a theory of the resultant nonequilibrium layers. While the density profile and loop distribution are the same as for equilibrium layers, the final layer comprises a tightly bound inner part plus an outer part whose chains make only $fN$ surface contacts where $N$ is chain length. The contact fractions $f$ follow a broad distribution, $P(f)\ensuremath{\sim}{f}^{\ensuremath{-}4/5}$, in rather close agreement with strong physisorption experiments [H. M. Schneider et al., Langmuir 12, 994 (1996)].
Soil micropore structure and carbon mineralization in burrows and casts of an anecic earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)

Abstract Anecic earthworms (those that build semipermanent vertical burrows) are known to alter the biological activity and physical structure of soils through their burrowing and casting. Information on how earthworms change the physical structure of soil may provide clues about the mechanisms by which earthworms affect microbial processes such as nutrient mineralization. We evaluated the pore structure of bulk soil and of the soil in burrows and casts formed by an anecic species of earthworm ( Lumbricus terrestris ) in a fallow field. Differences in pore structure (specific pore volume, V sp , and median pore neck dia., D ) were assessed using mercury intrusion porosimetry. We also examined the relationship of these physical properties with mass water content at field capacity ( θ m ), rate of C mineralization ( C min ) and specific C mineralization rate ( C sp = C min /C content of soil). Mean values of V sp (±SD) for bulk, cast and burrows were 242±35, 213±13, and 197±4 μl g −1 , respectively. Values for D were (±SD) 10.8±2.5, 7.9±3.3, and 5.5±2.9 μm for bulk, burrow, and cast soil, respectively. A smaller proportion of the pore volume in cast and burrow soil was associated with pore diameters in the 3–30 and 30–100 μm range than in bulk soil. θ m was higher in burrow and cast soil than in bulk soil and was inversely proportional to V sp and D . C min and C sp followed the order: burrow >cast>bulk soil. Both C min and C sp decreased inversely with V sp . By contrast, no consistent relationship was observed between either measure of C mineralization and D . Our results suggest that the changes in soil pore structure produced by anecic earthworms cause a shift towards smaller pore volume and smaller pore neck diameters. These changes in turn affect physical (e.g. water retention) and microbial (e.g. C mineralization) processes in soil.
Corrigendum to “Analysis of membrane binding equilibria of peripheral proteins: Allowance for excluded area of bound protein” [Anal. Biochem. 397 (2010) 247–249]

Corrigendum Corrigendum to ‘‘Analysis of membrane binding equilibria of peripheral proteins: Allowance for excluded area of bound protein” [Anal. Biochem. 397 (2010) 247–249] Allen P. Minton * Section on Physical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
A convenient synthesis of zeolite SUZ-9

Abstract Smith [Smith, W.J. Eur. Pat. 0 526 252 A1 (1993)] recently announced the synthesis of a new, potentially large-pore, low Si:Al zeolite, SUZ-9, which was synthesized using 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-2,2,5,5,8,8-hexamethyl-1 H -benzo[1,2-c:3,4-c′:5,6-c″]tripyrrolium, 1 . The synthesis of 1 is difficult and requires multiple steps. We report the synthesis of SUZ-9 with 2,2′,2″-nitrilotris[ N,N,N -trimethylethanaminium hydroxide, 2 , under the same conditions Smith used for template 1 . Template 2 is readily available, in one step, from commercial reagents. The SUZ-9 so obtained had 10.5% hexane sorption at 40 torr at 25°C.
Demonstration of nonlocal dispersion cancellation in Franson interferonietry

We report the first demonstration of nonlocal cancellation of differential dispersion between the long-short paths of a fiber-based Franson interferometer, restoring the otherwise limited visibility to an unprecedented 99.6% for time-energy entangled photons.
Integrating Research on Work Adjustment with Research on Job Performance and Behavior in Organizations: Perspectives from Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Abstract Of the four papers designed to test or operationalize key aspects of the Theory of Work Adjustment, only one can be viewed as fully supportive. Two difficulties with tests and applications of the theory are identified: (a) difficulties in operationalizing key constructs, and (b) weak links with other disciplines involved in similar lines of research. Three suggestions for increasing the links between research on the Theory of Work Adjustment and Research in Industrial and Organizational Psychology are offered.
Experimental investigation of axisymmetric coaxial synthetic jets

Measurements were made in the near field of piston driven axisymmetric coaxial synthetic jets emanating from an orifice and a surrounding annulus of equal exit areas and cavity volumes. Piston velocity, amplitude, radial spacing between the orifice and the annulus, and exit angles had a strong influence on the dominant features of the flow. Flow visualization revealed three distinct topologies of the jet consisting of expanding, contracting and recirculating regions and doubling of the number of foci inside of the cavity compared to jet from the orifice alone. The direction of the swirl/rotation imposed on the mean flow was also dependent on the direction of the rotation of dominant foci. Interaction between flow from the orifice and the annulus amplified the azimuthal instability of ring vortices due to the periodic axial stretching and compression of the streamwise vortex filaments. Bifurcation of ring vortices into elliptical lobes reported earlier [S.V. Gaimella, V.P. Schroeder, Local heat transfer distributions in confined multiple air impingement, ASME Journal of Electronic Packaging 123 (3) (2001) 165–172] for single cavity jet was also observed in the coaxial jet. The number of cellular structures however was considerably larger than the single jet case. Large excursions of the jets from the plane of symmetry were observed. Power spectra exhibited sub-harmonic distribution of energy due to coalescence of the vortices. Growth of jet width and decay of centerline velocity were strongly influenced by the spacing and forcing frequency.
Crystalline silicon photovoltaics: a cost analysis framework for determining technology pathways to reach baseload electricity costs

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaics are robust, manufacturable, and Earth-abundant. However, barriers exist for c-Si modules to reach US$0.50–0.75/Wp fabrication costs necessary for subsidy-free utility-scale adoption. We evaluate the potential of c-Si photovoltaics to reach this goal by developing a bottom-up cost model for c-Si wafer, cell, and module manufacturing; performing a sensitivity analysis to determine research domains that provide the greatest impact on cost; and evaluating the cost-reduction potential of line-of-sight manufacturing innovation and scale, as well as advanced technology innovation. We identify research domains with large cost reduction potential, including improving efficiencies, improving silicon utilization, and streamlining manufacturing processes and equipment, and briefly review ongoing research and development activities that impact these research domains. We conclude that multiple technology pathways exist to enable US$0.50/Wp module manufacturing in the United States with silicon absorbers. More broadly, this work presents a user-targeted research and development framework that prioritizes research needs based on market impact.
Purified lupus antigen La recognizes an oligouridylate stretch common to the 3' termini of RNA polymerase III transcripts

The small ribonucleoproteins recognized by anti-La sera consist mainly of RNA polymerase III products complexed with an antigenic cellular protein of 50 kd. A biochemical procedure for purifying the La protein from HeLa cells is described. The interaction of the isolated protein with a collection of model tRNA precursors, generated by ligation of specific oligonucleotides to the 3' terminus of yeast tRNAPhe, was studied. The most stable complexes are formed with adducts possessing three or four terminal uridylate residues. Addition of a terminal phosphate, fragmentation of the RNA, or substitution of other nucleotides reduce the affinity for the La protein. The preferred terminal sequence recognized and bound by La protein is homologous to the transcriptional termination signal for RNA polymerase III.
Toward Integration in Reservoir Management

Abstract Reservoirs are engineered features of hydrologic landscapes with characteristics defined by engineering design criteria. Many of these characteristics impact water quality. Reservoir management has historically been dictated by water control requirements; environment and water quality have been secondary considerations. Management approaches that address inputs of nutrients, sediment and organic material as root causes of eutrophication have been difficult to implement due to the location of reservoirs in large, complex watersheds. Costly engineering solutions that reduce symptoms of problems rather than address their cause are favored over watershed-based approaches applied to smaller natural lakes. To be successful, future management initiatives will require more integrative approaches that recognize reservoirs as integral components of watersheds and river basins. Understanding interactions between engineering practice and water quality fosters the development and implementation of effective m...
The Habsburg monarchy, 1618-1815

Geographically and linguistically diverse, by 1789 the Habsburg monarchy had laid the groundwork for a single European polity capable of transcending its unique cultural and historic heritage. Challenging the conventional notion of the Habsburg state and society as peculiarly backward, Charles W. Ingrao traces its emergence as a military and cultural power of enormous influence. In doing so, he unravels a web of social, political, economic and cultural factors that shaped the Habsburg monarchy during the period. Firmly established as the leading survey of the early modern Habsburg monarchy, this third edition incorporates a quarter of a century of new, international scholarship. Extending its narrative reach, Ingrao gives greater attention to 'peripheral' territories, manifestations of high culture, and suggests links between the early modern monarchy and the problems of contemporary Europe. This elegant account of a complex story is accessible to specialists and non-specialists alike.
Analysis for Phthalate Esters in Environmental Samples: Separation from PCB's and Pesticides Using Dual Column Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A method was developed which allows phthalate esters (PE's) to be determined in environmental samples along with PCBs and several organochlorine pesticides, using a single sample extract. The extract is fractionated by dual column liquid chromatography (LC) into four fractions prior to analysis by GC/ECD. This new LC fractionation scheme for PE's involves (a) elution from an alumina column with benzene (separation from PCBs and pesticides which are eluted with hexane) followed by (b) elution from silica gel by an acetone/benzene mixture (separation from interfering moderately polar organics). Selected GC conditions enable nine different PE's to be resolved sufficiently for quantitation. The observation that PE's exhibit a decrease in ECD response as the detector temperature increases was investigated, and an optimum temperature was selected. Analysis of soil, sediment, and landfill leachate samples using the new methods gave PE results comparable to other results on environmental samples.