cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the performance of the Frank lead placement system and the McFee-Parungao lead placement system in normal infants by QRS spatial curve analysis

Frank lead placement and McFee-Parungao axial lead placement system recordings were obtained at the same recording session on each of 110 normal 4-month-old infants. The spatial characteristics of the electrocardiogram as recorded by these systems are compared in the format of QRS spatial curves derived from paired observations. The McFee-Parungao axial lead system recorded greater spatial magnitudes and velocities than did the Frank system. Individual variation among the normal patients was large but both systems were comparable in this respect. The McFee-Parungao axial system recorded a more anterior orientation of the spatial azimuth and recorded this spatial vector component with greater individual variation than did the Frank system. Both lead placement systems recorded spatial elevation in an almost identical manner. It is concluded from this study that the Frank lead placement system may have a slight degree of superiority over the McFee-Parungao axial lead placement system in regards to uniformity of performance in the group of infants studied. Additional conclusions derived from this study are: (1) that each lead system employed clinically must be analysed quantitatively in order to differentiate the normal record from the abnormal record; and (2) that the 'ideal' lead placement system for electrocardiography and vectorcardiography will probably never be achieved. Therefore, selection of a lead placement system for spatial vectorcardiography, like the selection of a digitalis preparation, is a matter of individual preference, and knowledge of the performance characteristics of that system is essential for its interpretation.
Predictors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in a racially diverse population.

Background To our knowledge, the burden of disease attributed to erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been adequately quantified across a complete spectrum of age and race using a global disease definition, as recommended by the National Institutes of Health consensus statement. To obtain a better understanding of the national estimates of prevalence and risk factors for ED, we analyzed data from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collects data by household interview. The sample design is a stratified, multistage, probability sample of clusters of persons representing the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Data include medical histories in which specific queries are made regarding urological symptoms (including ED). These items were selected for analysis in 3566 men, 20 years and older. Results In men 20 years and older, ED affected almost 1 in 5 respondents. Hispanic men were more likely to report ED (odds ratio [OR], 1.89), after controlling for other factors. The prevalence of ED increased dramatically with advanced age; 77.5% of men 75 years and older were affected. In addition, there were several modifiable risk factors that were independently associated with ED, including diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.69), obesity (OR, 1.60), current smoking (OR, 1.74), and hypertension (OR, 1.56). Conclusions The burden of ED on the US population is significant. Hispanic men had an elevated risk for ED, a finding that requires confirmation in prospective studies. Obesity, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes mellitus are significantly associated with ED risk. Mitigation of these risk factors may ameliorate the burden of ED.
Building the Global Open Knowledgebase (GOKb)

AbstractThe Global Open Knowledgebase project (GOKb) aims to facilitate the development of shared e-resources management data by developing a freely available, community-managed repository of key publication information about electronic resources as they are represented in the supply chain from content publishers to suppliers to libraries. This column will provide an overview of GOKb based on the author's experiences as a lead subject matter expert with the project, along with in-depth discussion of the GOKb data model, tools for data ingest and display, and plans for community management and sustainability.
The Role of Eyewitness Confidence in Juror Perceptions of Credibility1

A review of the theory and research concerning factors affecting persuasion suggested the hypothesis that eyewitness confidence is an important factor in jurors' perceptions of the witness' credibility. Three experiments were conducted using mock jurors to test this hypothesis. Experiment I found that perceptions of credibility varied as a function of witness confidence. Experiment 2 found that perceptions of the accuracy of the witness' description and identification of the suspect varied as a function of her expertise, whereas perceptions of the accuracy of her account of the crime varied as a function of her confidence. Perceived expertise also varied as a function of witness confidence. Because Experiments 1 and 2 used college students as subjects, Experiment 3 was conducted to replicate these findings in an older subject sample. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Magnetostatic analog for the calculation of phase contours in electron holography of magnetic films

A method is presented for predicting the electron holographic interference pattern from a given magnetization distribution, and it is explained how phase contours can be sketched using magnetostatic intuition. The presented method is derived from the classical Lorentz force and the de Broglie relation between momentum and wavelength. The calculation of the electron phase to a two-dimensional magnetostatics problem is also mapped to which engineering experience and familiar mathematical methods can be applied. The result is considered simple to state and to remember. >
A Generalized Analytical Modeling of Grid Stiffened Composite Structures

With the advancement of manufacturing technology, advanced grid stiffened (AGS) composite structures have been extensively studied recently due to their superior structural performance at a lower c...
Comparisons of coenzyme Q bound to mitochondrial membrane proteins among different mammalian species.

Abstract The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms that govern the variations in the rates of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical (O2−•) generation in different species. The amounts of coenzyme Q (CoQ) associated with mitochondrial membrane proteins were compared in five different mammalian species, namely mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and cow. Micelles of cardiac mitochondria were prepared using Triton X-100 or deoxycholate (DOC) as detergents, and the micelles containing mitochondrial proteins were sedimented by sucrose density ultracentrifugation. The amount of CoQ present in both types of micelles varied in different species, whereas α-tocopherol, another lipoidal molecule in mitochondrial membranes, could not be detected in the micelles of any of these species. The amounts of CoQ bound to mitochondrial proteins in DOC micelles were higher in those mammalian species where CoQ10 was the predominant CoQ homologue, and the amounts were found to be inversely correlated with the rate of mitochondrial O2−• generation among different species. Results also indicated that mitochondrial CoQ exists in at least two distinct pools, one of which is associated with the membrane proteins. The degree of association between CoQ and membrane proteins appears to be a factor determining the rate of mitochondrial O2−• generation.
Responses to Color Combinations as Indices of Personality Traits

(1959). Responses to Color Combinations as Indices of Personality Traits. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 317-322.
A research note on the new SVIB Holland scales

Abstract The Strong Vocational Interest Blanks (SVIB) of 93 management students were scored using six new scales which correspond to Holland's six occupational types. The scores from both the 14-item and the 20-item scales were correlated with actual scores on the Vocational Preference Inventory. The 14-item and the 20-item scales were also correlated with each other. In addition, the SVIB-derived Holland scales were scored using a simplified procedure, and the results were compared with the scoring procedure used by Campbell.
Absorbability of calcium from Brassica vegetables: broccoli, bok choy, and kale.

Absorption of calcium from three intrinsically labeled Brussica sp. vegetables was measured in 15 normal women in a three-way randomized design. The test load of calcium was about 83 mg for each source. Fractional calcium absorption from broccoli averaged 0.478 ± 0.089, from bok choy stems, 0.519 ± 0.089, from bok choy leaves, 0.520 ± 0.074, and from kale 0.527 ± 0.091. These differences were both absolutely small and statistically insignificant. Mean absorbability of milk calcium ingested at the same load has been previously shown to be 0.463 ± .095. This value is slightly but significantly lower than the average value for the Brassica sources combined (0.514 ± 0.090). Thus, Brussicu vegetable sources exhibit excellent calcium bioavailability.
Treatment of adenocarcinoma in the peritoneum of mice: chemoimmunotherapy with IL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes as a model for treatment of minimal residual disease.

We have used a transplantable murine adenocarcinoma of renal origin (Renca) introduced to the abdomen by i. p. injection of a tumor cell suspension, to study the therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy and/or biological response modifiers (BRMs). This tumor model is therapeutically challenging since the tumor grows progressively resulting in extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis, with hemorrhagic ascites, metastases to abdominal lymph nodes, liver, most serous membranes, spleen, and in some animals, pulmonary metastases. Without therapy, death occurs invariably in 36±3 days. In vitro, the tumor is lysed by lymphocytes obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice treated with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and by cototoxic lymphocytes stimulated by in vitro culture with human rIL-2. Treatment of i. p. Renca with a single i. p. injection of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), or adoptive transfer of in vitro stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes together with rIL-2 cured 50% and 20% of the tumor-bearing mice, respectively. In contrast, combined therapy with DOX and adoptive transfer of in vitro stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes and rIL-2 cured the majority (90%) of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that administration of immunotherapy with in vitro activated cytotoxic cells together with human rIL-2 substantially enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
Chemical and Molecular Descriptors for the Reactivity of Amines with CO2

Amine-based solvents are likely to play an important role in CO2 capture applications in the future, and the identification of amines with superior performance will facilitate their use in CO2 capture. While some improvements in performance will be achieved through process modifications, modifying the CO2 capture performance of an amine also implies in part an ability to modify the reactions between the amine and CO2 through development of new functionalized amines. We present a computational study of trends in the reactions between CO2 and functionalized amines with a focus on identifying molecular descriptors that determine trends in reactivity. We examine the formation of bicarbonate and carbamate species on three classes of functionalized amines: alkylamines, alkanolamines, and fluorinated alkylamines including primary, secondary, and tertiary amines in each class. These functional groups span electron-withdrawing to donating behavior, hydrogen-bonding, extent of functionalization, and proximity effec...
What Intentionality Is Like

Intentionality is a mark of the mental, as Brentano (1874) noted. Any representation or conception of anything has the feature of intentionality, which informally put, is the feature of being about something that may or may not exist. Visual artworks are about something, whether something literal or abstract. The artwork is a mentalized physical object. Aesthetic experience of the artwork illustrates the nature of intentionality as we focus attention on the phenomenology of the sensory exemplar. This focus of attention on the exemplar in aesthetic experience simultaneously exhibits what the intentional object is like and what our conception of it is like. The exemplar is Janus-faced, looking in one direction outward toward the objects conceived and in the other direction inward toward our conceiving of them. It shows us what intentionality is like and how we know it.
Controlling disasters: Recognising latent goals after Hurricane Katrina

Classic sociological theory can be used to interpret the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall in the United States on 29 August 2005. The delayed and ineffective response to the storm and the subsequent failure of the levees become more understandable when one considers the latent goals of social control in disaster recovery. Constructing the survivors as suspect or criminal and conceptualising the impacts of the disaster as individual problems occurred in order to justify the emphasis on controlling the survivors of Katrina rather than on assisting them. Parallels are drawn here between the disaster response featuring social control efforts and a recent paradigmatic shift in criminal justice from justice to ‘risk management’. Recognition of the implicit aims of the inadequate disaster response provides a more complete explanation of why post-Katrina efforts failed to achieve the manifest goals of response and recovery. The conclusion suggests ways to ensure more equitable and just disaster responses.
An adaptive signal classification procedure. Application to aircraft engine condition monitoring

Abstract A method ( C ) for adaptive signal classification is described, and closely related to actual diagnostic problems in monitored aircraft engines for which an input-output model is available. This new method is based on the prediction in parallel of the output residual and of discriminant functions, thus yielding a predictive state classification into overall degradation classes. Updating is achieved by monitoring the actual output and requesting an a posteriori classification from a “teacher”. The main applications are in the field of degradation analysis, and early warning of overall degradation in monitored control systems. ( C ) has been implemented in the engine maintenance department of an airline.
Splitting of surface-plasmon emission spectra from potassium☆

Abstract Emission spectra from potassium films irradiated with 1.5 keV electrons have shown a splitting of the roughness-coupled surface-plasmon radiation into two peaks, as predicted by a recently developed theory.
A simplified procedure for the reduction and alkylation of cysteine residues in proteins prior to proteolytic digestion and mass spectral analysis

A procedure for reduction and alkylation of cysteine residues in proteins was developed using the volatile reagents triethylphosphine and iodoethanol. These reagents may be used to modify proteins in solution, as well as proteins in gel slices, prior to proteolytic digestion and mass spectral analysis. The procedure eliminates several steps with both types of samples. Samples in solution do not need to be desalted following reduction and alkylation, with excess reagent being removed under vacuum. For gel slices, the procedure combines washing, destaining, reduction and alkylation into a single step. The procedure was applied successfully to samples as complex as serum, and we demonstrated alkylation of cysteines to be quantitative in purified proteins. We also were able to reduce and alkylate proteins with these reagents during the gas phase. Elimination of the need for desalting of samples after reaction raised the possibility of automation of the procedure for liquid samples, which is difficult with conventional reduction and alkylation chemistries.
Stress induced dislocations in silicon integrated circuits

Many of the processes used in the fabrication of silicon integrated circuits lead to the development of stress in the silicon substrate. Given enough stress, the substrate will yield by generating dislocations. We examine the formation of stress-induced dislocations in integrated circuit structures. Examples are presented from bipolar and MOS-based integrated circuit structures that were created during developmental studies. The underlying causes of oxidation-induced stress and the effect on such stress of varying oxidation conditions are discussed. The knowledge thus gained is used to explain dislocation generation during the formation of a shallow-trench isolation structure. The importance of ion-implantation processes in nucleating dislocations is illustrated using structures formed by a deep-trench isolation process and a process used to form a trench capacitor in a DRAM cell. The effect of device layout geometry on dislocation generation is also examined. We show how TEM observations can be used to provide more information than solely identifying those process conditions under which dislocations are generated. By combining TEM observations with stress analysis, we show how the sources of stress responsible for dislocation movement can be identified.
Costimulation blockade promotes the apoptotic death of graft-infiltrating T cells and prolongs survival of hepatic allografts from FLT3L-treated donors.

Background. Mouse liver grafts are accepted across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers and induce donor-specific tolerance without immunosuppressive therapy. By contrast, hepatic allografts from donors treated with the hematopoietic growth factor fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL), which dramatically increases hepatic interstitial dendritic cells (DC), are rejected acutely (median survival time 5 days). This switch from tolerance to rejection is associated with a marked reduction in apoptotic activity of graft-infiltrating T cells. We hypothesized that T-cell costimulation, provided by markedly enhanced numbers of donor antigen presenting cells (APCs), might inhibit apoptosis, promote expansion of T helper 1 cells and play a key role in acute liver rejection. Methods. C3H (H2k) recipients of orthotopic liver grafts from FL-treated B10 (H2 b ) donors were given cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4: immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig), a chimeric fusion protein that blocks the B7-CD28 costimulatory pathway, or control human immunoglobulin (200 μg) on the day of transplantation (day 0). Livers and spleens were removed on day 4. Cryostat sections were stained for interleukin (IL)-12 or by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL). Expression of mRNA encoding interferon (IFN)-y and IL-10 was determined by RNase protection assay. Suspensions of graft-infiltrating cells (GICs) and spleen cells were analyzed for apoptotic (TUNEL + ) T-cell subsets by flow cytometry. CTL activity of GICs and circulating alloantibody levels were determined by cytotoxicity assays. Results. Survival of liver grafts from FL donors was markedly prolonged by CTLA4Ig administration. This effect was associated with reductions in IFN-y and IL-10 gene transcripts within the GIC population, and with decreases in donor-specific CTL and NK cell activities and circulating anti-donor alloantibody levels. At the same time, there were marked increases in TUNEL + CD4 + and especially CD8 + cells, both within the grafts and in the spleens of CTLA4Ig-treated mice. Conclusions. Signaling via the B7-CD28 pathway appears to play a key role in the switch from tolerance to rejection that is precipitated by markedly enhanced numbers of donor DCs. Inhibition of acute liver allograft rejection by CTLA4Ig, linked to restoration of apoptotic activity of graft-infiltrating T cells, further suggests that deletion of these cells may be critical for promotion of long-term allograft survival.
Spectroscopy of PAH species in the gas phase

Abstract At elevated temperatures, the structured CH stretch absorption occurring at room temperature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules encapsulated in KBr coalesces to a single peak whose wavelength is a very close match for that of the observed 3.3 μm unidentified infrared band (UIR) emission feature (Flickinger and Wdowiak. Astrophys. J. 362 , L71-L74. 1990). The temperature of approximately 800 K is significant because a PAH molecule in the interstellar radiation field, upon absorption of an ultraviolet photon, is expected to be excited to an energy equivalent to temperatures of this order (Sellgren, Astrophys. J. 277 , 623 1984). Our previous study of PAH molecules in the vapor phase at 600–800 K showed that the C-H stretch PAH feature near 3.3 μm is at a shorter wavelength than in the condensed state (Flickinger et al. , Astrophys. J. 380 , L43-L46, 1991). Recent work by Joblin et al. ( 1st Symp. on the Infrared Cirrus and Diffuse Interstellar Clouds . 1994) in a short path length diamond cell indicates the gas phase wavelength of the 3.3 μm region C-H stretch feature of naphthalene is directly proportional to temperature over a large temperature range. Laser-excited IR fluorescence studies have also suggested that the wavelength is sensitive to laser photon energy in a direct relationship (Williams and Leone, The Diffuse Interstellar Bands Conf. , 1994). Comprehensive studies of PAHs thermally excited up to the decomposition temperature are therefore important to carry out. We have utilized a long-path-length optical heat pipe to confirm that the wavelength of the peak of the C-H stretch band of naphthalene vapor obeys a direct relationship with temperature as reported by Joblin, and to demonstrate that this feature undergoes a strengthening with respect to the longer wavelength band due to an out-of-plane deformation (782 cm −1 ) as temperature increases. The shift from 3067.6 to 3063.7 cm −1 over the temperature range of 316–996 K seems to be linear and follows the relationship 1/λ (cm −1 ) = 3071.4–7.89 × 10 −3 T (K). From this relationship we calculated the temperatures equivalent to excitation energies in both Type 1 (3.289 μm and Type 11 (3.296 μm) UIR objects (Tokunaga et al. , Astrophys. J. 380 , 452–460, 1991) to be 3925 and 4691 K. respectively. The ratio of the strength of the C-H stretch feature relative to the CH out-of-plane deformation feature is observed to increase from 0.33 at 316 K to 0.57 at 996 K.
Investing in the stock market: statistical pooling of individual preference judgements

Literature concerning the quality of individual and face-to-face group judgments has generally concluded that both groups and statistically pooled individuals outperform randomly chosen or average individuals. This paper extends previous research by comparing statistically pooled individual judgments of both individuals and face-to-face groups in a stock selection task. In general, decisions that would have resulted from statistically pooled judgments were better (as assessed by future stock value) than those that would have resulted from individual or face-to-face group judgments. In choosing among pooling methods, majority rule is often thought to be a very compelling criterion. However, majority rule can produce intransitive group preferences. Methods that use some procedure to resolve the intransitivities of majority rule did not perform well relative to other non-majority rule based methods. Another class of pooling methods, termed equity methods, used in conjunction with ordinal judgments, are recommended based on simplicity, performance, and fairness criteria. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the task.
Condensed Matter Effects on Nuclear Fusion Rates in Laboratory and Astrophysical Environments

Previously overlooked condensed matter effects (CME) can significantly influence nuclear fusion rates in both laboratory and astrophysical environments. In dense plasmas, the ensemble of fusing particles has a significant exchange of kinetic and potential energies. Thus, there are diminished effective flux velocities resulting in a significant selective reduction of fusion rates. Our CME predictions are testable in laboratory experiments and have broad-ranging implications on the fusion rates for stellar media in general. By calculating reaction rates forp(p, e + v e ) D and7Be(p, γ)8B in the sun, we show that CME help to solve the solar neutrino problem.
Gene Duplication of the Zebrafish kit ligand and Partitioning of Melanocyte Development Functions to kit ligand a

The retention of particular genes after the whole genome duplication in zebrafish has given insights into how genes may evolve through partitioning of ancestral functions. We examine the partitioning of expression patterns and functions of two zebrafish kit ligands, kit ligand a (kitla) and kit ligand b (kitlb), and discuss their possible coevolution with the duplicated zebrafish kit receptors (kita and kitb). In situ hybridizations show that kitla mRNA is expressed in the trunk adjacent to the notochord in the middle of each somite during stages of melanocyte migration and later expressed in the skin, when the receptor is required for melanocyte survival. kitla is also expressed in other regions complementary to kita receptor expression, including the pineal gland, tail bud, and ear. In contrast, kitlb mRNA is expressed in brain ventricles, ear, and cardinal vein plexus, in regions generally not complementary to either zebrafish kit receptor ortholog. However, like kitla, kitlb is expressed in the skin during stages consistent with melanocyte survival. Thus, it appears that kita and kitla have maintained congruent expression patterns, while kitb and kitlb have evolved divergent expression patterns. We demonstrate the interaction of kita and kitla by morpholino knockdown analysis. kitla morphants, but not kitlb morphants, phenocopy the null allele of kita, with defects for both melanocyte migration and survival. Furthermore, kitla morpholino, but not kitlb morpholino, interacts genetically with a sensitized allele of kita, confirming that kitla is the functional ligand to kita. Last, we examine kitla overexpression in embryos, which results in hyperpigmentation caused by an increase in the number and size of melanocytes. This hyperpigmentation is dependent on kita function. We conclude that following genome duplication, kita and kitla have maintained their receptor–ligand relationship, coevolved complementary expression patterns, and that functional analysis reveals that most or all of the kita receptor's function in the embryo are promoted by its interaction with kitla.
Smart compression using high-dimensional imagery

This paper offers an innovative image processing technique (smart data compression) for some Department of Defense and Government users, who may be disadvantaged in terms of network and resource availability as they operate at the tactical edge. Specifically, we propose using the concept of autonomous anomaly detection to significantly reduce the amount of data transmitted to the disadvantaged user. The primary sensing modality is hyperspectral, where a national asset is expected to fly over the region of interest acquiring and processing data in real time, but transmitting only the corresponding data of scene anomalies, their spatial relationships in the imagery, range and navigational direction. Results from a proof of principle experiment using real hyperspectral imagery are encouraging.
Localized surface modification of low-thermal-conductivity brittle solids

A new method utilizing temporal and spatial control of a CO 2 laser beam to generate temperatures sufficient to melt and fuse a vitreous material without concomitant development of crack-inducing thermal gradients has been developed for the localized surface modification and repair of small manufacturing defects in brittle and low-thermal-conductivity solids. Heat transfer and mechanical modeling of the process have allowed development of specialized heating algorithms. Low-positive-expansion frits with low glass transition temperature also have been developed that enable rapid treatment of small areas without the generation of parasitic critical stresses.
Melt compounding of polypropylene‐based clay nanocomposites

Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites containing 4 wt% maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) and 2 wt% Cloisite 20A (C20A) were prepared using various processing devices, viz., twin-screw extruder (TSE), single-screw extruder (SSE), and SSE with an extensional flow mixer (EFM). Two processing methods were employed: (I) masterbatch (MB) preparation in a TSE (with 10 wt% C20A and clay/compatibilizer ratio of 1:2), followed by dilution in TSE, SSE, or SSE + EFM, to 2 wt% clay loading; (II) single pass, i.e., directly compounding of dry-blended PP-g-MA/clay in TSE, SSE, or SSE + EFM. It has been indicated that the quality of clay dispersion, both at micro- and nanolevel, of the nanocomposites depends very much on the operating conditions during processing, such as mixing intensity and residence time, thus affecting the mechanical performance. Besides that the degradation of the organoclay and the matrix is also very sensitive to these parameters. According to results of X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical tests, the samples prepared with MB had better overall clay dispersion, which resulted in better mechanical properties. The processing equipment used for diluting MB had a marginal influence on clay dispersion and nanocomposite performance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1447–1458, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
How to train your DragonBot: Socially assistive robots for teaching children about nutrition through play

This paper describes an extended (6-session) interaction between an ethnically and geographically diverse group of 26 first-grade children and the DragonBot robot in the context of learning about healthy food choices. We find that children demonstrate a high level of enjoyment when interacting with the robot, and a statistically significant increase in engagement with the system over the duration of the interaction. We also find evidence of relationship-building between the child and robot, and encouraging trends towards child learning. These results are promising for the use of socially assistive robotic technologies for long-term one-on-one educational interventions for younger children.
Parity-Nonconserving One-Pion-Exchange Potential

It is argued that the strangeness-conserving weak currents can contribute to the single-pion-exchange parity-nonconserving potential between nucleons bound in nuclei. Although this contribution is reduced by $\frac{{V}_{\mathrm{nuclear}}}{M}\ensuremath{\sim}0.04$, it may be comparable in strength with that usually calculated. Estimates of the strength of an off-mass-shell $\mathrm{NN}\ensuremath{\pi}$ vertex are carried out; neutral pion emission can occur. It is shown that the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)N\ensuremath{\pi}$ weak vertex can be neglected.
A 55-kW Three-Phase Inverter Based on Hybrid-Switch Soft-Switching Modules for High-Temperature Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drive Application

This paper presents a 55-kW three-phase inverter based on soft-switching modules for hybrid electric vehicle drives at high-temperature conditions. The main switch of the module is composed of the hybrid switch, which is composed of parallel IGBT and MOSFET. Highly integrated soft-switching modules have been employed to achieve switching loss as well as conduction loss reduction. The operation principle of the proposed inverter is analyzed in detail. Experimental evaluations of the inverter have been conducted through both inductive load and motor-dynamometer load at coolant temperatures ranging from 25°C to 90°C. Efficiency measurement using power meter showed that the peak efficiency is around 99%, and it drops slightly at lower speed and higher temperature conditions. To ensure measurement fidelity, a double-chamber differential calorimeter system was designed and calibrated for the inverter testing. Through long-hour testing, the measured efficiencies consistently showed 99% and higher. The soft-switching inverter has been operated reliably and demonstrated high efficiency at different temperature and test conditions.
Prolactin-like protein-C variant: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, unique six exon gene structure, and trophoblast cell-specific expression

The rat placental PRL family consists of proteins structurally related to pituitary PRL. As a consequence of attempting to characterize the gene for one of the members of the family, PRL-like protein-C (PLP-C), we identified a related gene that we have termed PLP-C variant (PLP-Cv). In this study, we present information on the PLP-Cv gene and its pattern of expression. Screening of a rat genomic library with a PLP-C cDNA resulted in the isolation of four phage clones. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clones revealed a gene, PLP-Cv, closely related but distinct from PLP-C. The PLP-Cv gene possessed a six exon/five intron organization, unique among members of the PRL family, and was localized to chromosome 17 of the rat genome, similar to other PRL family members. A PCR strategy involving primers based on the PLP-Cv gene was used to isolate a placental PLP-Cv cDNA. PLP-Cv showed 90 and 78% sequence identity with PLP-C at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Expression of PLP-Cv was restricted to the trophoblast lineage and was coordinately activated with PLP-C beginning at day 11 of gestation and continuing until term. Primer extension analysis revealed multiple putative transcription start sites. A 2.1-kilobase pair PLP-Cv promoter-luciferase reporter construct was specifically activated in differentiating rat trophoblast cells but not in other cell types. In conclusion, we have identified a new member of the PRL family possessing considerable homology to PLP-C, a unique gene structure, and displaying a trophoblast-specific pattern of transcriptional activation.
Rapid Nanomanufacturing of Metallic Break Junctions Using Focused Ion Beam Scratching and Electromigration

Break junctions provide a direct way to interrogate electrical transport properties of molecules, in pursuit of molecular electronics devices. A number of approaches are used for the fabrication of break junctions, including optical/e-beam lithography, electromigration, mechanical control of suspended conductive electrodes/strips, and electrochemical deposition of conductive material and nanowires. All approaches either require serial and slow e-beam writing of nanoscale gaps or suffer from low-yield of nanogap electrode devices. Here, we report the use of focused ion beam (FIB) to “scratch” and remove a thin layer of gold from 3 μm wide lines. The scratch results in thinning of the metal line and subsequent current-driven electromigration results into nanogaps at precise locations with high yield of devices. Combining FIB scratching with electromigration provides an elegant approach of creating nanoscale break junctions at an exact location and with a very narrow distribution of the nanogap sizes. Current-voltage measurements are done using a probe station before and after FIB scratch, and after the breaks were formed. Most of the gaps fall within 200–300 nm range and show negligible conductivity. The approach provides a novel, rapid, and high-throughput manufacturing approach of break junction fabrication that can be used for molecular sensing.
Thermal modeling of nanodevices

In this paper we summarize 6 years of work on modeling self-heating effects in nano-scale devices at Arizona State University (ASU). We first describe the key features of the electro-thermal Monte Carlo device simulator (the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional version of the tool) and then we present series of representative simulation results that clearly illustrate the importance of self-heating in larger nanoscale devices made in silicon on insulator technology (SOI). Our simulation results also show that in the smallest devices considered the heat is in the contacts, not in the active channel region of the device. Therefore, integrated circuits get hotter due to larger density of devices but the device performance is only slightly degraded at the smallest device size. This is because of two factors: pronounced velocity overshoot effect and smaller thermal resistance of the buried oxide layer. Efficient removal of heat from the metal contacts is still an unsolved problem and can lead to a variety of non-desirable effects, including electromigration. We propose ways how heat can be effectively removed from the device by using silicon on diamond and silicon on A1N technologies.
Subcellular localization and kinetic properties of aromatase activity in rat brain

Abstract The conversion of testosterone to estradiol is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 aromatase.In situ aromatization is required for the full expression of the effects of testosterone in the brain. This study examined the subcellular distribution and reaction kinetics of aromatase in the adult rat brain. Preoptic area, hypothalamus and amygdala were homogenized in isotonic sucrose buffered with potassium phosphate. Tissue homogenates were fractionated by ultracentrifugation. Aromatase activity was measured using a previously validated3H2O assay. Marker enzymes were measured to identify organelles in the different subcellular fractions. Aromatase activity in all 3 tissues was enriched 10-fold in microsomes, but not in other subcellular fractions. The addition of either a NADPH-generating system or 1 mM NADPH to the reaction mixture stimulated aromatase activity in all subcellular fractions, whereas NADH was only minimally effective. In general, substrate affinity constants were equivalent in all brain areas and subcellular fractions (∼10 nM) suggesting that one predominant catalytic form of the enzyme is present in the rat brain. One week after castration, aromatase activity was significantly reduced in all subcellular fractions of preoptic area and in the whole homogenate and microsomal fraction of the hypothalamus. Castration did not significantly alter aromatase activity in any subcellular compartment of amygdala. To more critically evaluate its subcellular localization, aromatase activity was measured in purified synaptosomes. Aromatase activity was not enriched in these preparations suggesting that it is not substantially associated with nerve terminals in rat brain.
On the relationship between the time condensation approximation and the flux concentration relation

Abstract The time condensation approximation (TCA) has been used widely in hydrological modeling since it was introduced in the 1940's. This paper proposes a theoretical foundation for the validity of the TCA applied to constant-rainfall infiltration by recourse to the flux-concentration relation (FCR) used in soil physics. When the FCR is independent of boundary conditions, the TCA is exact. The success of the TCA is the result of two important properties of the FCR. The first is the fact that for a variety of flow processes the FCR is nearly the same regardless of the actual boundary conditions. Secondly, the FCR-based solutions of the Richards equation are relatively insensitive to the form of the FCR. For a delta-function soil, the TCA is exact. The largest errors associated with the TCA occur in the case of linear soil, where it leads to a 19% error in the calculation of time to ponding.
Root Canal Therapy for the Developing and Adult Dentition: Its Importance in Complete Mouth Rehabilitation

mucosa of the edentulous area, the abut­ ment teeth functioning only to hold the case in position and to act as a stop when the mucosa has been displaced al­ most to its limit. 3. The construction of the partial denture should be such that it is simple and rugged so that it will stand up well under the stresses to which it is subjected during function and not be easily dis­ torted, bent, broken or misaligned during removal, cleansing and replacement. 4. The means of retention should be such that it will not cause destruction of abutment teeth through abrasion or caries. 5. Precision attachments are the most ideal for partial dentures, but their use is indicated particularly in extension cases. In small cases involving one, two or three teeth, where conditions are fa­ vorable, it is believed that fixed bridges will best meet the requirement. 6 . All materials used in the construc­ tion of removable partial dentures should be chemically inert, strong and elastic so that they cannot readily be distorted or bent. All artificial teeth used should be sufficiently hard so that they will not abrade more rapidly than the natural teeth. 15372 Dickens Street
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of codeine and isocodeine derivatives

The NMR spectra of a spiro oxirane (1) derivative of codeinone, codeine (2), isocodeine (3), 6-methylcodeine (4) and 6-methylisocodeine (5) were compared. NOE and double-resonance experiments were used to confirm the conformation of 1, and the configuration about C-6 of 6-methylcodeine and 6-methylisocodeine. An interchange of the chemical shifts of the olefinic protons in 1 was noted, as compared with those in all of the other compounds. This interchange could be attributed to the bond anisotropies of the oxirane moiety.
Needle embolus: A unique complication of intravenous drug abuse

We report a unique complication of intravenous drug abuse, central embolization of a needle from a peripheral site. A heroin addict dislodged a needle into the soft tissues of the forearm during self injection. Immediate surgical attempts to visualize and remove the needle were unsuccessful. On a subsequent admission, chest radiograph showed the needle in the right mid-lung field. No attempt at removal was made.
H-Type Dimer Formation of Fluorophores: A Mechanism for Activatable, in Vivo Optical Molecular Imaging

In vivo molecular imaging with target-specific activatable "smart" probes, which yield fluorescence only at the intended target, enables sensitive and specific cancer detection. Dimerization and fluorescence quenching has been shown to occur in concentrated aqueous solutions of various fluorophores. Here, we hypothesized that fluorophore dimerization and quenching after conjugation to targeting proteins can occur at low concentration. This dimerization can be exploited as a mechanism for fluorescence activation. Rhodamine derivatives were conjugated to avidin and trastuzumab, which target D-galactose receptor and HER2/neu antigen, respectively. After conjugation, a large proportion of R6G and TAMRA formed H-type dimers, even at low concentrations, but could be fully dequenched upon dissociation of the dimers to monomers. To demonstrate the fluorescence activation effect during in vivo fluorescence endoscopic molecular imaging, a highly quenched probe, avidin-TAMRA, or a minimally quenched probe, avidin-Alexa488, was administered into mice with ovarian metastases to the peritoneum. The tumors were clearly visualized with avidin-TAMRA, with low background fluorescence; in contrast, the background fluorescence was high for avidin-Alexa488. Thus, H-dimer formation as a mechanism of fluorescence quenching could be used to develop fluorescence activatable probes for in vivo molecular imaging.
On achieving experimental accuracy from molecular dynamics simulations of flexible molecules: aqueous glycerol.

The rotational isomeric states (RIS) of glycerol at infinite dilution have been characterized in the aqueous phase via a 1 μs conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, a 40 ns enhanced sampling replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulation, and a reevaluation of the experimental NMR data. The MD and REMD simulations employed the GLYCAM06/AMBER force field with explicit treatment of solvation. The shorter time scale of the REMD sampling method gave rise to RIS and theoretical scalar 3JHH coupling constants that were comparable to those from the much longer traditional MD simulation. The 3JHH coupling constants computed from the MD methods were in excellent agreement with those observed experimentally. Despite the agreement between the computed and the experimental J-values, there were variations between the rotamer populations computed directly from the MD data and those derived from the experimental NMR data. The experimentally derived populations were determined utilizing limiting J-values...
Surgical outcomes after traumatic open knee dislocation

The purpose of this study is to describe the types of injuries and surgical treatments associated with open knee dislocations and to present the functional outcomes of these patients. Between 2001 and 2005, the medical records of patients that sustained traumatic open knee dislocations at our Level 1 Trauma Center were retrospectively reviewed. Initial surgical intervention was performed in all patients including placement of spanning external fixator, repair of vascular injuries if necessary, and irrigation and debridement of the open wounds. Ligamentous reconstruction was delayed until after limb salvage. The Short Form-12 was the primary outcome measure. Seven patients (five male, two female) had a mean age of 31.9 years (range 22-44) at the time of injury (five right, two left). Motorcycle accident was the most common cause (57%). Follow-up was a mean 27.6 months. The PCL was damaged in all patients. Three patients underwent angiography for absent/diminished pulses on initial exam with two requiring operative intervention. Three patients had associated common peroneal nerve injury (one iatrogenic). Ten (10.7) operative procedures were performed per patient (range 5-18) with an average of 6.6 debridements (range 2-11). Infection rate was 43% with one patient undergoing amputation for infection. Good to excellent results were found in 33% of patients. Most patients (86%) report some residual symptomatic or functional deficit. Due to the injury complexity in open traumatic knee dislocations, the surgical treatment is extensive and challenging. While infection rates are high, aggressive, individualized treatment can lead to satisfactory outcome although full return to activity is difficult to achieve using current treatment methods.
Electroshock‐Induced Injury and Mortality in the Spotfin Chub, a Threatened Minnow

Abstract The effects of AC and pulsed DC (PDC) electroshock on mortality and injury (vertebral damage and hemorrhage) of spotfin chub Cyprinella monacha, a threatened minnow, were evaluated in a laboratory experiment. Groups of 18-20 captive-reared fish were either designated as a control or exposed for 3 s to one of five electrical treatments (60-Hz AC at a peak-to-peak voltage gradient of 1.7, 2.5, or 3.3 V/cm or 60-Hz PDC at a peak voltage gradient of 2.5 or 5.0 V/cm). Immobilization, which renders fish susceptible to capture during electrofishing, was the predominant response evoked in the groups exposed to electroshock, with the exception of the 1.7-V/cm AC group. No injury was detected in any fish in the experiment. Mortality was 10% or less in groups exposed to AC, regardless of voltage gradient. There was no significant variation in mortality among the groups exposed to AC (P = 0.487-1.00). Mortality varied significantly in the groups exposed to 60-Hz PDC (2.5 V/cm (0%) versus 5.0 V/cm (25%); P = ...