cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rodent Predation on Larvae of Coleophora parthenica (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), a Moth Imported for the Biological Control of Russian Thistle

Rodent predation of stem-boring larvae of Coleophora parthenica Meyrick, a moth imported for the biological control of Salsola australis R. Brown, was studied at Indio, Calif. The frequency, extent, and distribution of this predation were determined. Field trapping and laboratory feeding trials identified the house mouse, Mus musculus L., as the cause of this predation. Predation was seasonal and restricted to overwintering larvae in branches. Significantly more predation occurred in clumped than in solitary plants. Branch dissections indicated that rodent foraging was directed, although the overall success rate for removing the larvae was only 50%. Rodents preferred to forage for larvae within the thinner, less woody, secondary branches in the plant crowns. Rodents killed and removed 25.4% of the overwintering larvae within sampled branches. Surveys indicated that the rodent predation was restricted to the 30-ha study site located near the original release point for the moth at Indio.
North American Cooking Pots

It seems to be a general rule that sciences begin their development with the study of the unusual. They have to develop considerable sophistication before they interest themselves in the commonplace. American archaeology has been no exception. It began with digging in mounds and the collecting of choice objects and has now progressed to the excavation of camp sites and the delimitation of culture complexes as wholes. Nevertheless, there is still a tendency to underrate the importance of simple utilitarian artifacts of types which are widely distributed in space and time. This may be justifiable as long as the archaeologist's interest is centered on foci and aspects, but such types become of extreme importance as soon as one attempts to broaden the frame of reference. Thus the fact that certain stone artifact types seem to be present throughout most of the area east of the Rockies, from Folsom on, becomes highly significant when we contrast this area with others in the New and Old Worlds.
Decision Making: Alternatives to Rational Choice Models

The article reviews the book “Decision Making: Alternatives to Rational Choice Models,” edited by Mary Zey.
When an Insect Dies

I am sure I need not explain that although most of his work may be with living insects, the insect pathologist is perhaps more concerned with the mechanisms of death than are his colleagues in most of the other entomological disciplines. He not only studies the normal, healthy insect, and the diseased or abnormal insect, but he must also be intimately familiar with the dying and dead insect. When an insect dies in the pathologist's laboratory, it usually is not considered merely one of a number that may have died in an experiment, and to be swept away to the refuse container. More often than not the insect has been watchfully followed through the agonies of its disease and death, and then carefully and minutely studied in its postmortem state. Thus the pathologist comes close to the concern felt by the poet who wrote of the katydid when she “folds in death her feeble wings beneath the autumn sun.”
Predicting Binge Drinking in College Students Rational Beliefs, Stress, or Loneliness?

We proposed a conceptual model to predict binge-drinking behavior among college students, based on the theory of planned behavior and the stress-coping hypothesis. A two-wave online survey was conducted with predictors and drinking behavior measured separately over 2 weeks' time. In the Wave 1 survey, 279 students at a public university in the United States answered questions assessing key predictors and individual characteristics. In the Wave 2 survey, 179 participants returned and reported their drinking behavior over 2 weeks' time. After conducting a negative binomial regression, we found that more favorable attitude toward drinking and less perceived control of drinking at Wave 1 were associated with more binge drinking at Wave 2; subjective norm at Wave 1 was not a significant predictor of binge drinking at Wave 2; students with higher stress at Wave 1 engaged in more binge drinking at Wave 2, but those with higher loneliness did not. Implications of findings are discussed.
A unified view of pilot stabilized turbulent jet flames for model assessment across different combustion regimes

Abstract Single-regime turbulent combustion has been the main focus in previous studies. Significant limitations exist in those studies since most practical combustion applications involve multi-regime combustion. Developing and validating multi-regime turbulent combustion models are expected to be an emerging area with significant challenges. To facilitate model assessment across different combustion regimes, we develop a model validation framework by unifying several existing pilot stabilized turbulent jet flames in different combustion regimes. The characteristic similarity and difference of the employed piloted flames are examined, including the Sydney piloted flames L, B, and M, the Sandia piloted flames D, E, and F, a series of piloted premixed Bunsen flames, and the Sydney/Sandia inhomogeneous inlet piloted jet flames. Proper parameterization and a regime diagram are introduced to characterize the pilot stabilized flames covering non-premixed, partially premixed, and premixed flames. A preliminary model assessment is carried out to examine the simultaneous model performance of the large-eddy simulations (LES)/probability density function (PDF) method for the piloted jet flames across different combustion regimes.
The Story of Staples v. United States and the Innocent Machine Gun Owner: The Good, the Bad, and the Dangerous

Harold Staples claimed that he did not know that his rife was a machine gun. In Staples v. U.S., 511 U.S. 600 (1994), the Supreme Court held that the government had to prove such knowledge in order to convict him under the National Firearms Act. Staples’ story of a potentially innocent defendant prosecuted for things he did not know transformed how both federal and state courts interpreted criminal statutes with ambiguous mental state requirements. Staples established the proposition that courts should read knowledge requirements into statutes that criminalized conduct that would be otherwise innocent, particularly when serious punishment was at stake. At the heart of the Staples case, however, was a series of choices by the lawyers involved that shaped the case in ways not evident from the four corners of the Supreme Court’s opinions in the case. Ultimately the Staples decision was about character, and a fuller understanding of the Staples case helps us better understand the role that character plays in both the public welfare offense doctrine and in mens rea more generally: The lesson of the Staples case is that courts are most likely to raise mens rea requirements when statues clearly designed for the very bad may end up being successfully used against the possibly good.
The Role of Non-Cognitive Factors in Pathways to College Attendance and Degree Completion

It is well established that higher education is beneficial to the individuals and the society (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005; Wolfe & Haveman, 2001). However, the rates of college attendance have not been improving over the years. Furthermore, the gaps related to racial and income in college graduation rates and college access remain steady (Bowen, Chingos, & McPherson, 2009).
Recent Russian Pavloviana

In recent years three books have appeared which contribute greatly to our knowledge of Pavlov’s life and work, and of the development of the laboratory in Leningrad which bears his name and his intellectual imprint. These works are (1) A volume of brief, highly personal comments on I. P. Pavlov (Kreps, 1967); (2) A collection of short biographies, pictures, and selective bibliographies of individuals who had worked with Pavlov (Kvasov and Fedotova-Grot, 1967); and (3) An outline of the history of the I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology which grew from a most unprepossessing laboratory, taken over by I. P. Pavlov in 1907, into a giant institution with a staff currently exceeding 1,000 (Lange, 1968).
Imaging-genetic data mapping for clinical outcome prediction via supervised conditional Gaussian graphical model

Imaging-genetic data mapping is important for clinical outcome prediction like survival analysis. In this paper, we propose a supervised conditional Gaussian graphical model (SuperCGGM) to uncover survival associated mapping between pathological images and genetic data. The proposed method integrates heterogeneous modal data into the survival model by weighted projection within the data. To obtain a sparse solution, we employ l-1 regularization to the partial log likelihood loss function and propose a cyclic coordinate ascent algorithm to solve it. It also gives a way to bridge the gap between the supervised model with conditional Gaussian graphical model (CGGM). Compared to nine state-of-the-art methods like SuperPCA, CGGM, etc., our method is superior due to its ability of integrating diverse information from heterogeneous modal data in a supervised way. The extensive experiments also show the strong power of SuperCGGM in mapping survival associated image and gene expression signatures.
Impact of Beta Blocker on Clinical Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients

Abstract Background: A recent preclinical study revealed an antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of propranolol on MM cell lines. This study was to investigate if propranolol and other beta blocker intake improved survival in MM patients. Methods: Among patients seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester from 1993 to 2010, we identified those taking propranolol. Age, year of diagnosis, International Staging System (ISS), Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) were used as case-match variables to match propranolol users to two control populations: no beta blocker and other beta-blocker. Cox proportional hazard modeling was utilized to analyze the effect of propranolol and other beta blockers intake on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results: In 3 groups: propranolol (n=52), no beta blocker (n= 136), or other beta blocker (n=84), transplant eligibility was 63.5%, 66.9%, 66.7% respectively (p=0.90). Median age was 63 years. Median follow-up was 86 months. No statistically differences were seen in age, ISS, mSMART or year of diagnosis in 3 groups (p=0.46).In univariate analysis comparing propranolol vs no beta blocker or other beta blocker cohort, 5-year OS rate was 60.2% vs 47% or 64% (p=0.039), and 5-year DSS rate was 71.7% vs 50.3% or 69.1% (p=0.0029). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, ISS, transplant eligibility, mSMART and year of diagnosis, compared to propranolol intake, no beta blocker group had poorer OS [HR= 2.081; 95% CI (1.353- 3.200); p=0.0008], and DSS [HR=2.833 (1.709-4.697); p Conclusion: Propranolol and other beta-blocker intake among MM patients were equally associated with a more favorable OS and DSS. Download : Download high-res image (94KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Download : Download high-res image (93KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 2 . Disclosures Lust: Senesco: PI Other.
Optimal house elevation for reducing flood-related losses

Abstract FEMA recommends that houses in coastal flood zones be elevated to at least 1 foot above the base flood elevation (BFE). However, this guideline is not specific and ignores characteristics of houses that affect their vulnerability. An economically optimal elevation level (OEL) is proposed that minimizes the combined cost of elevation and cumulative insurance premiums over the lifespan of the house. As an illustration, analysis is performed for various coastal houses in Ortley Beach, NJ. Compared with the strategy of raising houses to 1 foot above BFE, the strategy of raising houses to their OELs is much more economical for the homeowners. Elevating to the OELs also significantly reduces government spending on subsidizing low-income homeowners through, for example, a voucher program, to mitigate flood risk. These results suggest that policy makers should consider vulnerability factors in developing risk-reduction strategies. FEMA may recommend OELs to homeowners based on their flood hazards as well as house characteristics or at least providing more information and tools to homeowners to assist them in making more economical decisions. The OEL strategy can also be coupled with a voucher program to make the program more cost-effective.
Exploiting the Islamic State-Taliban rivalry for counterterrorism messaging

ABSTRACTThis paper uses open-source periodicals in Arabic, English, French, and Urdu to examine how authors from the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the Taliban construct rival claims of leadership and discredit each other in official periodicals. ISIS authors stress their movement’s legitimacy through religious texts that call for the unity of the Muslim community behind a single leader and jurisprudential texts on the conditions for establishing a caliphate. In contrast, Taliban authors emphasise that all mujahideen groups must stand behind the Taliban in a single united front that has been committed to jihad for decades before ISIS’s emergence and that ISIS fosters disunity through rivalry. Despite belonging to a common Sunni Islamic tradition, both groups apply classical, canonical texts differently to contemporary issues. Their unique interpretations of religious texts to justify claims of leadership can be analysed in order to construct counter-messaging strategies that are compatible wit...
Election Campaign Communication

Election campaigns are among the most important events in the lives of democracies and societies in transition. Campaigns often constitute the high points in public debate about political issues ( Political Discourse). Election campaign communication takes different forms in different national and regional contexts. It is shaped by both party and media systems and by the regulatory environment governing the campaign process ( Political Communication Systems). Election communication is also influenced by the balance of party and media forces in shaping the news agenda, and that balance has been tipped by the increasing role played by citizens and interest groups in generating messages and news about parties, leaders, and issues. Keywords: communication, politics and elections; politics; public relations
Research with Disabled Children: Tracing the Past, Present and Future

This chapter does not provide a toolkit or a ‘how to guide’ for conducting research with disabled children. Rather here the trajectory of disability research in relation to children and childhood is examined within the complex and dynamic social structures in which such research is situated. We trace the general direction of travel that has taken this research out of the institution and the domain of the medical profession into the field of social science, interpretivism and rights. In addition, wider methodological trends, the emerging interest of the social sciences in children’s lives and social agency along with the progression of disability rights and activism has transformed the landscape of contemporary research. We therefore traverse through the imposed passivity of disabled children to their agentic participation in research and highlight the ways that these ideas have been, and can continue to be, applied and interrogated. An exploration of the ways in which disability research is facilitated, conducted and published cannot be extricated from the social context in which ‘disability’ and ‘childhood’ sit. Therefore this chapter does not shy away from the ongoing debates which research in this field generate. We consider here not only changing methodologies and the positioning of participants in research but touch upon ongoing, unresolved social and political debates about who can research, what they can seek to know and what purpose such knowledge should serve. To that effect, disability studies is similar to other academic disciplines that critically evaluate the ways in which social research is conducted. This chapter therefore contributes to ongoing debates about the characteristics of research with disabled children and summatively does not seek simple and complete answers to what constitutes ‘good’ research. Rather readers should aim to recognise some of the dynamic complexities and opposing positions that influence social research in this field.
Lichen Planus, Nitidus, and Striatus

Lichen planus is an inflammatory disease of the skin, scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. Lesions are classically polygonal, violaceous, flat-topped papules often accompanied by intense pruritus. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation commonly occurs. Several clinical variants of lichen planus have been reported, some of which have predilection for people of skin of color. Actinic lichen planus primary affects the Middle Eastern population in a sun-exposed distribution. Linear lichen planus has been reported to be more common in Japan. Lichen nitidus is another inflammatory disease of the skin and is often localized to a few areas, such as the penis, abdomen, chest, and arms. Lesions are discrete, flat-topped, uniform papules. A variant of lichen nitidus, called lichen nitidus actinicus, affects dark-skinned patients from the Middle East and Indian subcontinent. Lesions in this variant are found on sun-exposed areas, such as the hands, forearms, and neck. Lichen striatus is an asymptomatic eruption of small, erythematous papules usually seen in small children in which postinflammatory hypopigmentation is common.
The Effects of Peripheral Vision and Light Stimulation on Distance Judgments Through HMDs

Egocentric distances are often underestimated in virtual environments through head-mounted displays (HMDs). Previous studies suggest that peripheral vision can influence distance perception. Specifically, light in the periphery may improve distance judgments in HMDs. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments with varied peripheral treatments around the viewport. First, we found that the peripheral brightness significantly influences distance judgments when the periphery is brighter than a certain threshold, and found a possible range where the threshold was in. Second, we extended our previous research by changing the size of the peripheral treatment. A larger visual field (field of view of the HMD) resulted in significantly more accurate distance judgments compared to our original experiments with black peripheral treatment. Last, we found that applying a pixelated peripheral treatment can also improve distance judgments. The result implies that augmenting peripheral vision with secondary low-resolution displays may improve distance judgments in HMDs.
Decahedral nanocrystals of noble metals: Synthesis, characterization, and applications

Abstract Noble-metal nanocrystals with controlled shapes have received considerable interest owing to their unique properties and potential applications related to plasmonics, catalysis, and electronics. In particular, decahedral nanocrystals have emerged a focus of intensive research in recent years because of their unique penta-twinned structure. When employed as seeds to mediate the growth of the same or a different metal, decahedral nanocrystals have led to the production of new types of nanostructures that are otherwise difficult to generate using conventional methods. In this review, we start with a brief introduction to the unique features and properties of decahedral nanocrystals, followed by thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of their formation mechanisms. We then survey synthetic routes to the synthesis of monometallic (Ag, Au, Pd, Cu, Rh, and Pt) and alloy decahedral nanocrystals, as well as their derivatives with a core–shell, core–frame, or one-dimensional structure. At the end, we highlight the use of decahedral nanocrystals and their derivatives in photonic, catalytic, and sensing applications and conclude with perspectives on the future directions with regard to noble-metal decahedral nanocrystals.
Approaches to the Study of Survival and Death in Stationary-Phase Escherichia coli

When pure cultures of the bacterium Escherichia coli are grown in standard laboratory media, the organisms grow exponentially until conditions no longer support growth and the cells enter stationary phase. During growth the change in the number of viable cells is predominantly the result of cell division. There is little or no detectable cell death during exponential growth as judged by the close correlation between viable counts and total cells observed microscopically. Once growth is arrested, some cells survive while others die. The large questions to be addressed are: Why do some cells die during starvation and what is the cause of their death? Why do some cells survive during starvation and what functions are required for their survival? While these questions remain largely unanswered, the approaches that have been made possible in recent years by the application of molecular genetics have come to complement the predominantly physiological work that had been carried out earlier (reviewed in Dawes, 1989; Matin et al., 1989; Matin, 1991; Siegele and Kolter, 1992). Here we present descriptions of the main approaches our laboratory uses to address these questions. We describe the methodologies we use to incubate E. coli in stationary phase and the methodologies used to define, distinguish, and separate viable and nonviable cells in our experiments. We also describe genetic approaches we have taken to study cell physiology during stationary phase. This presentation should serve as an indication that much remains to be explored; the prospects of gaining new insights in the understanding of microbial death and survival make the work particularly exciting.
Automated belief revision in plausibility-driven design processes

Abstract Truth Maintenance Systems (TMSs) offer the most elaborate approach to the belief revision problem and are thus ideal candidates for automating belief revision during the course of plausibility-driven design evolution. However, the theory of plausible design (TPD) necessitates multi-valued belief propagation while conventional TMSs are two valued (IN/OUT) systems. Due to this mis-match, encoding constraint dependency graphs (CDGs) in conventional TMSs requires an exponential number of justifications. In this papier we propose a belief revision system for TPD called the theory of plausible design, belief revision system (TPD-BRS). TPD-BRS uses a modified version of the assumption based TMS label propagation algorithm in conjunction with a “label-interpreter” to efficiently support automated belief revision in TPD.
Optimal Tests in Higher Dimensions

In Section 13.2, uniformly most powerful unbiased tests are considered for multiparameter exponential families. The discussion involves marginal and conditional distributions described in Section 13.1. The t-test and Fisher’s exact test are considered as examples in Section 13.3.
Thermal and Thermophysical Properties of the Radioactive Graphite-Inert Gas System in Heating. Computer Experiment

Consideration has been given to the capabilities of the TERRA software system for modeling thermodynamically the heating of a radioactive graphite–inert gas system in a nuclear reactor. As a result of such modeling, the authors have determined processes occurring in the reactor with the involvement of Eu, Pu, and U actinoids during the heating of the radioactive graphite–argon system at pressures of 105 and 106 Pa, and also equilibrium constants of chemical reactions and the influence of pressure on them. The thermophysical properties of the system have been studied, and the influence of pressure on its specific volume, the heat capacity, and the molar mass of a gas phase and the weight fraction of a condensed phase has been established.
Adsorption of anions on ultra-thin metal deposits on single crystal electrodes

Abstract The formation of submonolayer coverages of cadmium on Pt(111) and polycrystalline Pt electrodes has been characterized using cyclic voltammetry, and adsorption of bisulphate on the Cd-covered surfaces has been measured by radioactive labelling. Cyclic voltammograms of platinum (111) and polycrystalline platinum electrodes in Cd 2+ containing solutions have been compared. The voltammograms differ with respect to current-potential peak symmetries which shows that the deposition reversibility depends on the surface crystallographic orientation of platinum. Assuming that a total discharge of Cd 2+ takes place, the charge measured in the potential range studied would indicate that no more than half a monolayer of cadmium is formed on Pt(111). On the contrary, if the discharge is incomplete and a full monolayer of cadmium is formed, the apparent cadmium electrosorption valency is 0.8. However, the radioactive labelling data indicate that some well-resolved cadmium adatom structures are inactive while some are very active toward anion adsorption. We conclude that the inactive Cd deposits are oxidized and are present on the surface in either the oxide or the hydroxide form. Therefore, at this stage of research, the coulometric determination of electrosorption valencies is merely formal. Once a part of the oxidized cadmium deposits is transformed to the metal phase, bisulphate adsorption begins and conforms to the well-known surface behaviour categorized as enhanced anion adsorption on underpotentially deposited ultra-thin metal films on foreign metal substrates.
Coutts: Green Infrastructure and Public Health

Insert book image flush left with book bibliographic info. Book image was provided previously to you when manuscript was sent to you for Early XML and pre-editing. See EXAMPLE PDF of RJPA Reviews s...
Developing and Assessing Critical Thinking Skills in Marketing Students: The Power of Making Explicit Problem-Solving Processes.

AbstractApplied research is a course that has been taught to develop and effectively assess critical thinking skills in marketing students. A modified version of the problem-solving model using exp...
Risk of Leukemia among Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A Population-Based Study of 40,576 Patients

Purpose Survivors of testicular cancer are at increased risk of developing leukemia. We quantify long-term temporal trends in excess absolute risk (EAR) and excess relative risk (ERR) of leukemia among testicular cancer survivors, using multivariate analyses to evaluate the effects of age at diagnosis, attained age, calendar year of testicular cancer diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and initial treatment. Methods A total of 40,576 1-year survivors of testicular cancer were identified within 14 population-based cancer registries in Europe and North America between January 1, 1943 and December 31, 2001. We used Poisson regression analysis to model EAR (per 100,000 person-years) and ERR of secondary leukemia. Cumulative risks were calculated using a competing risk model. Results Secondary leukemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia) developed in 89 patients (EAR=10.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=7.3–14.3; ERR=1.5, 95% CI=1.0–2.1). Significantly elevated risks were observed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (EAR=7.1, 95% CI=4.6–10.1; ERR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3–2.9) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (EAR=1.4, 95% CI=0.4–2.9; ERR=2.1, 95% CI=0.5–4.4). Risk of leukemia was highest during the first 5 years after testicular cancer diagnosis. In analyses adjusted for age at diagnosis and time since testicular cancer diagnosis, the risk of AML was non-significantly higher among patients whose initial management included chemotherapy compared to those who received radiotherapy alone ( p =0.2). Cumulative risk of leukemia was approximately 0.23% by 30 years after testicular cancer diagnosis. Conclusion Although the relative risk of leukemia is large, the absolute risk and cumulative risk of leukemia following testicular cancer is small. Thus, improvements in survival due to treatment greatly outweigh the risk of this late effect.
A multiple-method review of accommodations to gross motor assessments commonly used with children and adolescents on the autism spectrum.

The purpose of this study is to understand the common accommodations used during standardized motor assessment of children on the autism spectrum. This study was completed in three parts: (1) a nar...
A Survey of Counseling Curricula Among Accredited Communication Sciences and Disorders Graduate Student Programs.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to examine the current state of counseling curriculum within the discipline. The last systematic survey of counseling curriculum within the disciplines of com...
Management of pregnancy in women with factor VII deficiency: A case series

Introduction Inherited factor VII deficiency is the most common autosomal recessive inherited bleeding disorder, with an estimated incidence of one per 500 000 cases in the general population. Bleeding manifestations correlate poorly with circulating FVII levels. During pregnancy, increases in FVII levels can occur in women with mild-moderate FVII deficiencies but not in those with severe deficiency. Aim We present five pregnant patients with FVII deficiency and describe the management during their pregnancies and peripartum periods. Methods Retrospective analysis of six pregnancies in five women with FVII deficiency followed during pregnancy and delivery at an academic medical centre between January 2013 and December 2019. Results Of the five patients, two had severe, one with moderate and two with mild FVII deficiency. Early postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) occurred in two patients. One of the two severe FVII-deficient patients had PPH with a laceration at delivery despite replacement therapy with recombinant factor VII. The other PPH occurred in a patient with mild FVII deficiency who delivered twins by caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Neuraxial anaesthesia was utilized in only one woman with mild deficiency whose FVII level normalized at the end of the pregnancy. Conclusions Management of delivery for women with FVII deficiency should be addressed on a case-by-case basis at centres with expertise in rare bleeding disorders, maternal foetal medicine and obstetric anaesthesiology. These management discussions should factor the patient's bleeding history, third trimester PT, FVII level, multiple gestation and mode of delivery.
Script Induction as Association Rule Mining

We show that the count-based Script Induction models of Chambers and Jurafsky (2008) and Jans et al. (2012) can be unified in a general framework of narrative chain likelihood maximization. We provide efficient algorithms based on Association Rule Mining (ARM) and weighted set cover that can discover interesting patterns in the training data and combine them in a reliable and explainable way to predict the missing event. The proposed method, unlike the prior work, does not assume full conditional independence and makes use of higher-order count statistics. We perform the ablation study and conclude that the inductive biases introduced by ARM are conducive to better performance on the narrative cloze test.
Tumors of the Pleura

Though the most common tumors in the pleura are metastatic tumors from the thorax or elsewhere, there are primary tumors that arise directly from the pleura. The two most common are malignant mesothelioma and solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura. These two neoplasms have very different clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and markedly different prognoses with the former almost uniformly fatal and the later curable in the majority of the cases.
Genocide in the Carpathians: War, Social Breakdown and Mass Violence 1914–1945: by Raz Segal, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2016, 232 pp., $26.00 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-1503613607

On an historical map the Carpathian Mountains resemble a boomerang whose apexes touch the borderlands of ethnic and religious communities, states and empires, economies and cultures. This mountaino...
Using Monotonicity Restrictions to Identify Models with Partially Latent Covariates

This paper develops a new method for identifying econometric models with partially latent covariates. Such data structures arise naturally in industrial organization and labor economics settings where data are collected using an “input-based sampling” strategy, e.g., if the sampling unit is one of multiple labor input factors. We show that the latent covariates can be nonparametrically identified, if they are functions of a common shock satisfying some plausible monotonicity assumptions. With the latent covariates identified, semiparametric estimation of the outcome equation proceeds within a standard IV framework that accounts for the endogeneity of the covariates. We illustrate the usefulness of our method using two applications. The first focuses on pharmacies: we find that production function differences between chains and independent pharmacies may partially explain the observed transformation of the industry structure. Our second application investigates education achievement functions and illustrates important differences in child investments between married and divorced couples. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
26.3 A mm-Wave Power Amplifier for 5G Communication Using a Dual-Drive Topology Exhibiting a Maximum PAE of 50% and Maximum DE of 60% at 30GHz

The mm-wave spectrum is opening a new opportunity for TRx systems to operate at high-Gb/s data-rates. However, this opportunity is also imposing stringent requirements for power amplifiers (PAs) in terms of efficiency and linearity. To this date, all PA designs focus on increasing the peak/power-back-off (PBO) PAE and output power $(max \mathrm{P}_{out})$ by either presenting multi-harmonic terminations or improving on existing topologies, such as stacked, outphasing, and Doherty PAs [1 –3]. However, in highly scaled silicon processes with low supply voltages, these reported techniques see diminishing returns on PAE and $\mathrm{P}_{out}$ since the transistor knee voltage $(\mathrm{V}_{knee})$ becomes a significant portion of the supply voltage [5]. Moreover, an extra reduction in supply voltage is often performed in practical deployment to ensure device reliability. This is especially relevant for mm-wave array operations, where array element couplings result in substantial antenna impedance mismatches and undesired large PA voltage swings [6]. Although the reported techniques have improved overall PA efficiency at mm-wave, fundamentally they are incapable of surpassing the theoretical PA core efficiency at the same conduction angle (e.g., Class-B common-source (CS) PA) without resorting to device switching, or harmonic shaping.
Practicing transparency in a crisis: Examining the combined effects of crisis type, response, and message transparency on organizational perceptions

Abstract Public relations practitioners allocate a vast number of resources to constructing and building strategic messaging for targeted stakeholders. Two important factors within this message construction deal with organizational crisis responses and message transparency. The present study sought to combine concepts from Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and message transparency to investigate what combined impact these two fields in public relations research have on perceptions of an organization. By utilizing a 3 (crisis type) X 3 (crisis response) X 2 (message transparency) experimental design, this study (n = 898) found that victim crisis types, rebuild strategies, and high transparency messages resulted in more positive perceptions of the organization. A three-way interaction was also found, namely that use of highly transparent messages contributed to greater perceived organizational credibility when a rebuilding or denial strategy was used in response to a preventable crisis and when a diminishing strategy was used in response to a victim or accidental crisis. Practical and theoretical implications are also discussed.
Applying Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework, and design principles for co-production to pollution management in Louisville's Rubbertown, Kentucky

Abstract Rubbertown, located in West Louisville, Kentucky, USA, is a highly industrialized area with several chemical and materials manufacturing plants. For decades, residents in the area have experienced continuous air pollution problems. City monitoring and enforcement of pollution has improved recently, after residents and non-government organizations protested. However, overall pollution levels in Rubbertown remain high because of inconsistent monitoring, enforcement, and we argue- gaps in citizen-government co-production of pollution control. Collaborative solutions are required because air pollution is difficult to monitor completely top-down, and effective coordination requires shared decision making. To understand the root causes of this dilemma, and identify potential policy solutions, we interviewed key stakeholders and collected background information about the case. We used Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to understand the factors and political/economic dynamics that have created the current problem. We analyze this dilemma using Ostrom’s design principles for co-production, and related concepts of state-reinforced self-governance. We find significant gaps in co-production. Grassroots, neighborhood-level monitoring is not integrated with or legitimized by formal government agencies. Communication among key stakeholders is infrequent, and decision making is primarily top-down, giving residents little control over pollution in their neighborhoods. Costs and benefits of monitoring and enforcement are not shared equitably among the key actors, and there are low levels of trust. These gaps may be remedied by policies that empower residents to formally monitor air pollution in their neighborhoods, greater representation of residents on the pollution control district board, and collaborative programs that facilitate shared decision making among key actors.
The Danger within: Covid-19 Affinity for ACE2 Receptors in Adipose Tissue and Testes. The Protective Effects of Estradiol, Fitness, and Weight Management

The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors, or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences. The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19, including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes, adipose tissue, thyroid, heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males, the aged, and certain medical conditions, including diabetes, CVD, and pulmonary diseases. Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the “cytokine storm,” a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host. We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients; the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells; plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19, including hormonal imbalance, increased lipids and lipoproteins, thyroid dysfunction, degraded fitness, and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors; while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability, by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression. Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness. A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals, 73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9, demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass. It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI, lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP, Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively, juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol, Testosterone, Free T3,IGF-1, Insulin, and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.
Representation and inequality in late nineteenth-century America : the politics of apportionment

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. 'Injustices and inequities': the politics of apportionment, 1870-89 2. 'One irrevocable duty': democrats and reapportionment, 1889-93 3. 'The time has come to make a precedent': Wisconsin, 1891-2 4. 'Fought out in the courts': Michigan, 1891-2 5. 'Partisanship has run riot': Indiana, 1892-4 6. 'An ineradicable vice': Wisconsin, 1893-6 7. 'The consequences of their own folly': Indiana, 1894-8 8. 'A state of uncertainty': Illinois, 1893-8 9. 'Our system of representative government': from chaos to control Appendix Bibliography Index.
Jacob Riis: Immigrants Old and New, and the Making of Americans

Abstract Jacob A. Riis, the immigrant journalist, pioneering photographer, and author of the classic How the Other Half Lives, traditionally has been seen as a progressive social reformer who, despite his obvious sympathy far the “other half,” did not always rise above the racial and ethnic stereotyping prevalent during the late nineteenth century. Focusing on Riis's extensive writings about Italian immigrants, this study reveals a much more complex man who played numerous roles, was driven by often conflicting motivations, and was influenced by the powerful, sometimes underestimated discourse of “scientific racialism.” This article also argues that Riis, in his zeal to champion and Americanize the Italian immigrants, distorted and/or ignored their material and historical reality.
The Consumption of Active Investors and Asset Prices

This paper uses macroeconomic data to measure the consumption of active investors that are wealthy and derive a large fraction of their income from the capital they own. The resulting stochastic discount factor is tested on the time series and cross section of asset returns and yields reasonable relative risk-aversion coefficient estimates using standard CRRA preferences. The main innovation of the paper is to use flow of funds and income data to measure consumption expenditure of active households: this allows us to construct a proxy even though no reliable direct measure is available. Stock prices do not only react to aggregate shocks but also to redistributional shocks between passive and active households.
Non-medical use of prescription opioids during the transition to adulthood: a multi-cohort national longitudinal study

Aims To examine non-medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) patterns during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and assess individual characteristics and other substance use behaviors associated with longitudinal patterns of NMUPO. Design Nationally representative samples of high school seniors in the United States (wave 1: modal age 18 years) were followed longitudinally across three biennial follow-up waves (waves 2, 3 and 4: modal ages 19/20, 21/22 and 23/24 years). Setting Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires to high school seniors and young adults.Participants The longitudinal sample consisted of 27 268 individuals in 30 cohorts (high school senior years 1976-2005) who participated in all four waves. Measurements Self-reports of NMUPO and other substance use behaviors. Findings Approximately 11.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.2%, 12.0%) of the sample reported past-year NMUPO in at least one of the four waves. Among those who reported past- year NMUPO in at least one wave, 69.0% (67.6%, 70.4%), 20.5% (19.3%, 21.7%), 7.8% (7.1%, 8.6%) and 2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%) reported NMUPO at one, two, three and four waves, respectively. Several wave 1 variables were associated with greater odds of multiple waves of NMUPO and individuals who reported more waves of NMUPO had greater odds of other substance use behaviors. Conclusions Although most non-medical use of prescription opioids among 18-year-olds in the United States appears to be non-continuing, approximately one-third of the sample reporting non-medical use of prescription opioids appear to continue use beyond age 18 and have elevated odds of other substance use behaviors at ages 23/24.
The Mangled Extremity

A polytraumatized patient with one or more mangled extremities presents challenges to the clinical team on multiple levels. Management of the mangled extremity requires rapid revascularization coupled with aggressive debridement. Fasciotomy should be generous in nature to ensure optimum flow. Multifunctional fixation, anatomic reduction, and appropriate wound access with elevation of the extremity are tenants in orthopedic management in trauma that includes bony and vascular injury. Special consideration should be paid to injuries associated with particular mechanisms of injury. Scapulothoracic dissociation of the upper extremity is associated with high-energy blunt trauma to the forequarter and is often avulsive in nature. Injuries include disruption of vascular flow to the upper extremity, lateral displacement of the scapula, and disruption of the sternal-clavicular-acromial axis. The brachial plexus is frequently injured in this complex, resulting in abnormal neurological findings, frequently permanent.
Triage as a core sorting strategy in extreme core arrival scenarios

Surveys have indicated that the remanufacturing industry is concerned about the necessity of agile and prioritized core sorting due to its potential benefits to optimal core inventory and condition assessment, both at equipment and component levels. As such, core sorting holds a pivotal role in remanufacturing operations, however, extreme core arrivals, its stochastic nature and resulting sorting issues, warrant targeted modelling and analysis. This paper is devoted to triage as an agile sorting strategy in extreme arrival scenarios that can be utilized as a complementary core sorting strategy. A statistical model of extreme core arrivals is developed based on Extreme Value (EV) theory and related Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Frechet (Fisher-Tippett type-II) distributions. The model is applied to extreme arrivals of valves in an industrial valve repair shop. Using a large sample size, distribution parameters are estimated and the stochastic behaviour of the extreme valve arrivals is evaluated and verified. An analogy between medical triage and remanufacturing triage is discussed, the results and applicability of extreme value analysis in remanufactured valve arrivals is presented, and a generic framework for prioritization of triage strategies is introduced.
Wheat‐Rye T2BS·2BL‐2RL Recombinants with Resistance to Hessian Fly (H21)

Hessian fl y, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a destructive insect pest of common wheat (Triti- cum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) worldwide. Although 32 genes conferring resistance to Hessian fl y have been identifi ed, only a few genes are still effective in North America. A highly effective gene is H21, trans- ferred to wheat from Chaupon rye via a whole- arm wheat-rye translocation T2BS·2R#2L. This translocation also carries a gene for fi eld resistance to powdery mildew. To broaden the use of T2BS·2R#2L in wheat improvement, we attempted to reduce the length of the rye seg- ment by recombination with another wheat-rye translocation T2BS·2BL-2R#2L. Recombination data indicated that the H21 locus was linked to the telomere; the powdery mildew locus was closely linked to the translocation breakpoint in T2BS·2BL-2R#2L. Recovered short-segment rye translocation chromosomes confer resis- tance to Hessian fl y; however, no crossover event in the desirable confi guration was recov- ered to produce a short-segment wheat-rye translocation with both H21 and the powdery mildew resistance gene. The T2BS·2BL-2R#2L recombinant chromosome was transferred to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars.⋅