cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tectonic evolution of an active tectonostratigraphic boundary in accretionary wedge: An example from the Tulungwan-Chaochou Fault system, southern Taiwan

Abstract The Tulungwan-Chaochou Fault system in southern Taiwan represents the boundary between a slate belt of moderate metamorphic grade and a relatively unmetamorphosed fold-and-thrust belt. The offset between hanging wall and footwall of this fault ranges from 7 to 11 km and is considered one of the major tectonostratigraphic faults in Taiwan. This 75-km-long fault system is also one of the most conspicuous topographic features in Taiwan. The geometry, kinematic history and associated subsidiary structures have not been resolved. Field mapping of fabrics and brittle faults show that a 45-km-long west-northwest-vergent antiform defined by folded slaty cleavage exists in the hanging wall of the fault. This antiform has not been previously described and apparently formed in a brittle environment. The flat crest and tight forelimb of the antiform suggests a two-stage deformation model composed of a fault-bend fold followed by a trishear fold. We infer that regional scale fold is associated with a thrust that splays upward from the main detachment.
Hemodynamic Observations During and After Pulmonary Artery Banding

Abstract Analysis of cardiac catheterization in 25 patients with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect (Prv/Plv > 0.6) shows that the pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance function as resistances in parallel. Furthermore, studies in the presence of right ventricular outflow obstruction, by either pulmonary artery band (9 patients) or pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect with left-to-right shunting (12 patients), show that the right ventricular outflow obstruction (band) functions as a resistance in series with the pulmonary vascular resistance. The sum of pulmonary vascular resistance plus band resistance is in parallel with systemic resistance. This concept allows better explanation of the great pressure variability across bands observed at operation. It is impossible to completely evaluate a pulmonary artery band with pressures alone. Flow measurements are necessary for better understanding of pulmonary artery bands. The variability of clinical response after banding may be explained by the variations in pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance during and after pulmonary artery banding.
Identifying and resolving a calibration issue with GMI

A calibration issue with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) has been identified and resolved using an extended version of the vicarious warm calibration method in combination with the vicarious cold calibration method. With this extended warm-scene method, we found along-scan anomalies in GMI. The cause is determined to be an error in the existing along-scan correction. The original correction was developed using cold scene data alone, which cannot properly correct biases for warm scenes. A new correction, accounting for both cold and warm scenes, is derived and applied to the GMI data. It properly corrects for the along-scan anomalies across the full dynamic range of on-Earth TBs.
Adducts of phenoxathiin and thianthrene cation radicals with alkenes and cycloalkenes

Phenoxathiin cation radical perchlorate (PO.+ClO4(-)) added stereospecifically to cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene to give 1,2-bis(5-phenoxathiiniumyl)cycloalkane diperchlorates (4-7) in good yield. The diaxial configuration of the PO+ groups was confirmed with X-ray crystallography. Unlike additions of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (Th.+ClO4(-)) to these cycloalkenes, no evidence for formation of monoadducts was found in the reactions of PO.+ClO4(-). This difference is discussed. Addition of Th.+ClO4(-) to five trans alkenes (2-butene, 2-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, 3-octene, 5-decene) and four cis alkenes (2-pentene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, 5-decene) gave in each case a mixture of mono- and bisadducts in which the configuration of the alkene was retained. Thus, cis alkenes gave erythro monoadducts and threo bisadducts, whereas trans alkenes gave threo monoadducts and erythro bisadducts. In these additions to alkenes, cis alkenes gave predominantly bisadducts, while trans alkenes (except for trans-2-butene) gave predominantly monoadducts. This difference is explained. 1,2-Bis(5-phenoxathiiniumyl)cycloalkanes (4-7) and 1,2-bis(5-thianthreniumyl)cycloalkanes underwent fast elimination reactions on activated alumina forming, respectively, 1-(5-phenoxathiiniumyl)cycloalkenes (8-11) and 1-(5-thianthreniumyl)cycloalkenes (12-16). Among adducts of Th.+ClO4(-) and alkenes, monoadducts underwent fast ring opening on alumina to give (5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes, while bisadducts underwent fast eliminations of H+ and thianthrene (Th) to give (5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes also. Ring opening of monoadducts was a stereospecific reaction in which the configuration of the original alkene was retained. Thus, erythro monoadducts (from cis alkenes) gave (E)-(5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes and threo monoadducts (from trans alkenes) gave (Z)-(5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes. Among bisadducts, elimination of a proton and Th occurred and was more complex, giving both (E)- and (Z)-(5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes. These results are explained. Configurations of adducts and (5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes were deduced with the aid of X-ray crystallography and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. In the NMR spectra of (E)- and (Z)-(5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes, the alkenyl proton of Z isomers always appeared at a lower field (0.8-1.0 ppm) than that of E isomers.
Infrared spectra of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

Abstract The infrared spectra of dried films of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum are dominated by the Amide I and II bands of membrane proteins and by the OH, CH, CO, PO, COC and POC vibrations of membrane lipids. The two membrane types differ in their lipid—protein associations. High amidation of the proteins of both membranes is indicated by the pH-dependent spectral changes and also by amino acid analysis. Exposure of the membranes to acid pH produces spectral evidence for rearrangement of some membrane peptide into β-conformation.
Swimming and the heart

Exercise training is accepted to be beneficial in lowering morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiac disease. Swimming is a popular recreational activity, gaining recognition as an effective option in maintaining and improving cardiovascular fitness. Swimming is a unique form of exercise, differing from land-based exercises such as running in many aspects including medium, position, breathing pattern, and the muscle groups used. Water immersion places compressive forces on the body with resulting physiologic effects. We reviewed the physiologic effects and cardiovascular responses to swimming, the cardiac adaptations to swim training, swimming as a cardiac disease risk factor modifier, and the effects of swimming in those with cardiac disease conditions such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and the long-QT syndrome.
Survivin is a potential mediator of prostate cancer metastasis.

Purpose We examined whether Survivin expression is associated with an increased risk of metastasis in prostate cancer. Methods and Materials A total of 205 patients with T1 (23%) and T2 (77%) prostate cancer were treated with conventional external beam radiation therapy from 1991 to 1993 at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Of the patients, 62 had adequate and suitable-stained tumor material for Survivin analysis. Median follow-up was 102 months (range, 5–127 months). Distant failure was determined on the basis of clinical criteria. In preclinical studies, replication-deficient adenovirus encoding phosphorylation-defective Survivin Thr34→Ala dominant-negative mutant pAd-S(T34A) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to inhibit Survivin in prostate cancer models, and the cell motility, morphology, and metastasis were investigated. Results Our correlative data on men with early-stage (T1/T2) prostate cancers treated at Massachusetts General Hospital by definitive radiotherapy indicated that overexpression of Survivin (positive staining in ≥10% cells) was associated with a significantly increased risk for the subsequent development of distant metastasis ( p = 0.016) in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, overexpression of Survivin remained an independent predictor of distant metastasis ( p = 0.008). The inhibition of Survivin dramatically inhibited invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in the in vitro invasion assay and spontaneous metastasis in the Dunning prostate cancer in vivo model. Furthermore, attenuation of Survivin resulted in changes in the microtubule cytoskeleton, loss of cellular polarity, and loss of motility. Conclusions This study suggests that Survivin may be a potentially important prognostic marker and promising therapeutic target in metastatic prostate cancer.
Human hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 Regulates Transcriptional Elongation and Physically Links RNA Polymerase II and RNA Processing Factors

Cotranscriptional loading of RNA processing factors onto nascent RNA facilitates efficient gene expression. Mechanisms responsible for coupling transcription and RNA processing are not well defined, but the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TREX complex provides an example. TREX is composed of the subcomplex THO that associates with RNA polymerase II and is required for normal transcriptional elongation. THO associates with proteins involved in RNA splicing and export to form the larger TREX complex. Hence, assembly of TREX physically couples transcriptional elongation with RNA processing factors. Whether metazoan species with long, intron-containing genes utilize a similar mechanism has not been established. Here we show that human hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 associates with elongating RNA polymerase II and the RNA splicing and export factor UAP56 in intact cells. Depletion of hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 causes transcriptional elongation defects and associated cellular phenotypes similar to those observed in THO-deficient yeast. We conclude that hHpr1/p84/Thoc1 regulates transcriptional elongation and may participate in a protein complex functionally analogous to yeast TREX, physically linking elongating RNA polymerase II with RNA processing factors.
Zinc Reduces Turkey Sperm Oxygen Uptake In Vitro

Abstract The effect of zinc and histidine (a zinc chelator) on oxygen (O2) uptake by turkey sperm was examined in diluents without and with added fructose. The presence of .5 mM zinc in a diluent without fructose depressed sperm O2 uptake significantly below that of sperm in diluent alone or in diluent with 3 mM histidine but did not depress sperm fertility. Histidine had no effect on sperm O2 uptake. Sperm O2 uptake in diluents containing 1 mM fructose was significantly less in the presence of zinc than in diluents alone or in diluent with histidine. It was suggested that zinc may play a regulatory role in sperm O2 uptake in vivo.
Fine-scale population structure in a desert amphibian: landscape genetics of the black toad (Bufo exsul).

Environmental variables can strongly influence a variety of intra- and inter-population processes, including demography, population structure and gene flow. When environmental conditions are particularly harsh for a certain species, investigating these effects is important to understanding how populations persist under difficult conditions. Furthermore, species inhabiting challenging environments present excellent opportunities to examine the effects of complex landscapes on population processes because these effects will often be more pronounced. In this study, I use 16 microsatellite loci to examine population structure, gene flow and demographic history in the black toad, Bufo exsul, which has one of the most restricted natural ranges of any amphibian. Bufo exsul inhabits four springs in the Deep Springs Valley high desert basin and has never been observed more than several meters from any source of water. My results reveal limited gene flow and moderately high levels of population structure (FST = 0.051–0.063) between all but the two closest springs. I found that the geographic distance across the arid scrub habitat between springs is significantly correlated with genetic structure when distance accounts for topography and barriers to dispersal. I also found very low effective population sizes (Ne = 7–30) and substantial evidence for historical population bottlenecks in all four populations. Together, these results suggest that the desert landscape and B. exsul’s high habitat specificity contribute significantly to population structure and demography in this species and emphasize the importance of considering behavioural and landscape data in conservation genetic studies of natural systems.
Activation of a Neural Brain-Testicular Pathway Rapidly Lowers Leydig Cell Levels of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein and the Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor while Increasing Levels of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

Activation of a neural brain-testicular pathway by the intracerebroventricular injection of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO), the hypothalamic peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), or alcohol (EtOH) rapidly decreases the testosterone (T) response to human chorionic gonadotropin. To elucidate the intratesticular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we investigated the influence of intracerebroventricular-injected ISO, CRF, or EtOH on levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), and the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme in semipurified Leydig cells. ISO (10 μg), CRF (5 μg), or EtOH (5 μl of 200 proof, a dose that does not induce neuronal damage nor leaks to the periphery) rapidly decreased StAR and PBR but not cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme protein levels. Levels of the variant of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) that is restricted to Leydig cells, TnNOS, significantly increased in res...
A Typology of Middle School Girls: Audience Segmentation Related to Physical Activity

The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) combines social ecological and social marketing approaches to promote girls' participation in physical activity programs implemented at 18 middle schools throughout the United States. Key to the TAAG approach is targeting materials to a variety of audience segments. TAAG segments are individuals who share one or more common characteristic that is expected to correlate with physical activity. Thirteen focus groups with seventh and eighth grade girls were conducted to identify and characterize segments. Potential messages and channels of communication were discussed for each segment. Based on participant responses, six primary segments were identified: athletic, preppy, quiet, rebel, smart, and tough. The focus group information was used to develop targeted promotional tools to appeal to a diversity of girls. Using audience segmentation for targeting persuasive communication is potentially useful for intervention programs but may be sensitive; therefore, ethical issues must be critically examined.
A test of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis in four species of marmots

Acoustic signals must be transmitted from a signaller to a receiver during which time they become modified. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis suggests that selection should shape the structure of long-distance signals to maximize transmission through different habitats. A specific prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis is that long-distance signals of animals in their native habitat are expected to change less during transmission than non-native signals within that habitat. This prediction was tested using the alarm calls of four species of marmots that live in acoustically different habitats and produce species-specific, long-distance alarm vocalizations: yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris; Olympic marmot, M. olympus; hoary marmot, M. caligata; and woodchuck, M. monax. By doing so, we evaluated the relative importance the acoustic environment plays on selecting for divergent marmot alarm calls. Representative alarm calls of the four species were broadcast and rerecorded in each species’ habitat at four distances from a source. Rerecorded, and therefore degraded alarm calls, were compared to undegraded calls using spectrogram correlation. If each species’ alarm call was transmitted with less overall degradation in its own environment, a significant interaction between species’ habitat and species’ call type would be expected. Transmission fidelity at each of four distances was treated as a multivariate response and differences among habitat and call type were tested in a two-way MANOVA. Although significant overall differences in the transmission properties of the habitats were found, and significant overall differences in the transmission properties of the call types were found, there was no significant interaction between habitat and call type. Thus, the evidence did not support the acoustic adaptation hypothesis for these marmot species. Factors other than maximizing long-distance transmission through the environment may be important in the evolution of species-specific marmot alarm calls. © 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Mining approximate frequent itemsets from noisy data

Frequent itemset mining is a popular and important first step in analyzing data sets across a broad range of applications. The traditional, "exact" approach for finding frequent itemsets requires that every item in the itemset occurs in each supporting transaction. However, real data is typically subject to noise, and in the presence of such noise, traditional itemset mining may fail to detect relevant itemsets, particularly those large itemsets that are more vulnerable to noise. In this paper we propose approximate frequent itemsets (AFI), as a noise-tolerant itemset model. In addition to the usual requirement for sufficiently many supporting transactions, the AFI model places constraints on the fraction of errors permitted in each item column and the fraction of errors permitted in a supporting transaction. Taken together, these constraints winnow out the approximate itemsets that exhibit systematic errors. In the context of a simple noise model, we demonstrate that AFI is better at recovering underlying data patterns, while identifying fewer spurious patterns than either the exact frequent itemset approach or the existing error tolerant itemset approach of Yang et al.
And The Band Played On—Almost

High school band teacher, Mr. Alex Smith, received a request from the Republican presidential campaign for the marching band to perform at an upcoming local rally at which both the presidential and vice-presidential candidates would appear. With support from the principal and superintendent, Mr. Smith moved forward with plans for a Monday performance. Many parents, who got wind of the plans the following Friday at a home football game, protested. As a result, the school board cancelled the performance.The case presents dilemmas related to politics, public school governance, decision making, leadership, and school and community relations.
Hog Price Flexibilities as Related to Cycle Phases

During the past decade, commercial pork production has varied from 723 to 1,372 million pounds (dressed weight) per month. For the same period, the average farm price of hogs has ranged from $12 to $30. Consequently, net returns to hog producers were highly variable. Agricultural economists have devoted considerable research effort to estimating the quantity-price relationship for pork. Purcell and Raunikar suggest that the relationship between price and quantity of pork may differ for positive and negative changes in the price of pork at the retail level.
Reassignment of the low lying cationic states in gas phase adenine and 9-methyl adenine

Abstract Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy results, we reassign the electronic character and ionization energies of the low lying cationic states of adenine and 9-methyl adenine. For adenine, the state ordering is D 0 (π −1 ) = 8.5 eV, D 1 (n −1 ) = 9.6 eV, D 2 (π −1 ) ≈ D 3 (n −1 ) ≈ 10.5 eV. For 9-methyl adenine, the assignment is the same with values of D 0 (π −1 ) = 8.4 eV, D 1 (n −1 ) = 9.4 eV, D 2 (π −1 ) ≈ D 3 (n −1 ) ≈ 10.2 eV.
Novel non-intrusive sensor for piston position measurement

This paper proposes a novel sensor for the non-intrusive real-time measurement of piston position inside a cylinder. The proposed sensor exploits the principle that any ferromagnetic object has an inherent magnetic field which varies as a function of position around the object. By modeling the magnetic field as a function of position and using sensors to measure magnetic field intensity, the position of the object can be estimated. This principle is used to measure piston position in a free piston engine without requiring any sensors inside the engine cylinder. The piston is approximated as a rectangular metallic object and the variation of the magnetic field around it is modeled. A challenge arises from the fact that the parameters of the model would vary from engine to engine and would be cumber-some to calibrate for each engine. This challenge is addressed by utilizing two magnetic field sensors with known longitudinal separation between them. An iterated least squares algorithm then provides adaptive parameter estimates and accurate position estimation. Experimental results from a free piston engine set up show that the proposed sensor can provide better than 0.4 mm accuracy in position estimates. The proposed sensing concept can be utilized for piston position measurement in multi-cylinder SI and diesel engines, hydraulic cylinders and in many other position measurement applications.
Differential metabolism of exogenous platelet-activating factor by glandular epithelial and stromal cells of rabbit endometrium

Significant changes in platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) concentration have been observed in rabbit endometrium during the preimplantation period, but, under in vitro conditions, constitutive PAF biosynthesis by isolated endometrial tissues was not easily demonstrable. Relative changes in enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of PAF in the tissues may account for this disparity. In addition, during this period of preimplantation, marked changes in PAF receptor concentration have been noted. The present study examines the factors that may modulate the metabolism of exogenous [3H]PAF in the endometrium of rabbits on day 6 of pregnancy. Since preferential [3H]PAF binding in situ by the glandular epithelial, but not by the stromal, cells was demonstrated, their cell-specific metabolism of exogenous [3H]PAF was also examined. After entry into the endometrial cell, [3H]PAF was rapidly metabolized by the sequential action of cytosolic Ca(2+)-independent acetylhydrolase to [3H]lyso-PAF and this was in turn acylated by membrane-associated transacylase to [3H]alkylacyl-glycerylphosphorylcholine. PAF resynthesis was not observed and, in stromal cells, there was a significant build-up of [3H]lyso-PAF, suggesting that lyso-PAF:acetyl-CoA acetyl-transferase may be a limiting factor. In the glandular epithelial cells, however, there was a significant accumulation of a neutral lipid without a significant build-up of [3H]lyso-PAF or [3H]PAF. The neutral lipid co-migrated with the product of phospholipase C-catalysed metabolism of PAF and authentic 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycerol. In addition, the elution times of phospholipase C digestion of C18 PAF and the neutral lipid produced by cellular metabolism of [3H]PAF, determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, were similar. It seems that it is the synthesis of the neutral lipid from reacetylated [3H]lyso-PAF that prevented [3H]PAF accumulation under in vitro conditions. This is the first documentation of the synthesis of this lipid in the mammalian uterus. The lipid may serve as the precursor for de novo PAF synthesis in the glandular epithelial cells during endometrial proliferation.
Developing Fantasy Organizations in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Courses:

Students in an undergraduate industrial/organizational psychology class were asked to develop fantasy organizations and apply lecture material to them. Student evaluations indicated that the exerci...
SOCIAL TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES EVIDENCE FROM SAMPLE SURVEYS

There have been many trend studies of U. S. sample survey data dealing with specific topics, and those studies have contributed considerably to an understanding of social, cultural, and political change during the past few decades. My task here is different; it is to look at the various series of survey data as a whole and to ask what they reveal about the overall pattern of social and cultural change. Others have undertaken a similar task (e.g., Davis, 1980; Smith, 1982) but have not tried to cover the entire half century during which the Public Opinion Quarterly has been published. I cannot cover the entire period either, because of problems of comparability between the earliest and the later U. S. national survey data,' but I have examined data gathered from 1952 through 1986. It is clear from others' studies and my own that in general change has been in a liberal direction, with conservative reactions in the 1950s and in the late 1970s and early 1980s, even though not all of the series show net change in a liberal direction.2 It seems to me, however, that this generalization about the
The Importance of Leukotrienes in Mast Cell-Mediated Toxoplasma gondii Cytotoxicity

Mast cells participate in the host defense against parasites. Mast cells release leukotrienes (LTs), potent 5-lipoxygenase (LO) products of arachidonic acid well-known to be involved in the inflamma- tory process. After incubation with Toxoplasma gondii, mast cells were found to degranulate and release LTB4; this interaction damages the tachyzoites. This mast cell activity against the tachyzoites was inhibited by the 5-LO inhibitor A-63162 and the 5-LO - activating protein inhibitor MK-886 but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Reactive oxygen species were not implicated in the mast cell - mediated toxoplasmacidal activity. The generation of LTs is important for mast cell secretion, and LTB4 released by mast cells and other inflammatory cells may be a key factor in the host defense against T. gondii.
Rare Earth Elements: Their Importance in Understanding Soil Genesis

The rare earth elements (REEs) are commonly defined as lanthanum (La) and the 14 elements comprising the Lanthanide series. The REE’s typically exhibit trivalent oxidation states; however, Europium may also occur as Eu2+ and Cerium may occur as Ce4+. The REE’s ionic radii decrease on progression from La to Lu, which results in a slight but predictable change in their chemical affinity. Typically, the light REE (La to Sm) reside in trace minerals such as apatite, epidote and allanite, whereas the heavy REE (Gd to Lu) are associated with minerals such as zircon. Investigations typically show that the REE are depleted in near-surface horizons and accumulate in deeper horizons or the regolith as clay-oxyhydroxide adsorbates or REE-phosphate precipitates. Numerous studies show the heavy REE accumulating in the deeper soil regions to a greater extent than the light REE, whereas other studies show the light REE’s preferentially accumulating at greater soil depths. The degree of interhorizon transport has great potential to become an index of weather intensity. The various REE soil migration pathways have been isolated, including lessivage, soil organic matter complexation, leaching in percolating water, adsorption by inorganic colloids, and precipitated by phosphate-bearing minerals.
A New Methodology For Developing The MIS Master Plan

Organizations, small and large, for profit and non-profit, service oriented as well as manufacturing, have continued to increase their expenditures in information technology (IT) in recent years throughout the world. These expenditures in manufacturing floor and office workflow automation, PC’s, application packages, customized software development, communications and wireless networking, the Internet, and web-based applications, have been intended to be investments for improving efficiency, increasing effectiveness, and maintaining or advancing competitive position. Unfortunately, not all investments in IT have brought the anticipated payoff. This fact, combined with the rapid pace of change in IT leading to quick obsolescence of hardware and software platforms, have renewed attention to long term planning for IT investments. This paper presents an input/output model for developing a Management Information Systems (MIS) Master Plan and compares several methodologies, including IBM’s Business Systems Planning and the Information Engineering approach, for developing such a plan. Moreover, we present a new methodology for IT planning that seeks to overcome the shortcomings of the existing methodologies while building on their strengths.
Genetics for Orthopedic Surgeons: The Molecular Genetic Basis of Orthopedic Disorders

The title is the siren's call! One slim volume to bring the practicing orthopaedist up to speed in the most exciting area of modern medicine! Alas, it is not that simple. This volume is one of a series of “genetics for the `X'(cardiologist, dermatologist, etc.)” published by Remedica. The basic problem, to my mind, is that there is not yet a coherent story linking genes, diseases, and pathogenesis except for a group a very rare Mendelian disorders. The pathomechanics of these disorders are not clearly worked out in most cases. All attempts such as this one consist of illustrative vignettes and assume some level of knowledge of molecular genetics and biology. But do not quit reading. This monograph is in many ways an admirable and useful attempt. It is short, concise, well illustrated, and full of educational pearls. Each disorder is discussed in a well-organized and pithy fashion. The introduction includes the obvious rationale for the …
An Introduction to Nonstandard Analysis and Hyperfinite Probability Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses nonstandard analysis and hyper-finite probability theory. It is often helpful in working with stochastic processes to replace them with discrete processes involving infinitesimals. For example, the Poisson process can be thought of as a random distribution of an infinite number of balls into an infinite number of intervals of infinitesimal length. Brownian motion can be thought of as a random walk with infinitesimal steps. Robinson's discovery is applicable to any infinite mathematical structure. Various theorems are proved in the chapter.
Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol on Transition Metal Surfaces

Fuels and industrial chemicals that are conventionally derived from fossil resources could potentially be produced in a renewable, sustainable manner by an electrochemical process that operates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, using only water, CO2, and electricity as inputs. To enable this technology, improved catalysts must be developed. Herein, we report trends in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 on a broad group of seven transition metal surfaces: Au, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pt, and Fe. Contrary to conventional knowledge in the field, all metals studied are capable of producing methane or methanol. We quantify reaction rates for these two products and describe catalyst activity and selectivity in the framework of CO binding energies for the different metals. While selectivity toward methane or methanol is low for most of these metals, the fact that they are all capable of producing these products, even at a low rate, is important new knowledge. This study reveals a richer surface chemistry ...
The Anatomy of the Neuroendocrine Complex of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and Its Relation to Diapause

The neuroendocrine complex in the head of the European corn horer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is composed of 40 neurosecretory cells in the brain and 14 in the 2 fused corpora allata-cardiaca. The 20 cells in each hemisphere of the brain are in 3 groups; medial, lateral, and posterior. The neurosecretory cells of the brain, stained with paraldehyde fuchsin, showed no differences between mature diapause and nondiapause types. No size or staining reaction differences associated with a photoperiodic stimulus were detected. Borers collected from the field showed a decreased amount of paraldehyde fuchsin-positive material with increased time in the cold.
Treatment of Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction by Direct Anastomosis of the Inferior Epigastric Artery to the Central Artery to the Corpus Cavernosum

We present a case of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction following trauma, which was treated successfully by direct anastomosis of the inferior epigastric artery to the central artery of the corpus cavernosum. This is the first report of this operative technique. Its theoretical advantages over previously described revascularization techniques include an end-to-side vascular anastomosis, possibly decreasing perianastomotic fibrosis, and regulation of new blood flow into the corporeal bodies by the neurovascular mechanism of the central artery.
MO-F-204-01: Preparing for Part 1 of the ABR Diagnostic Physics Exam

Adequate, efficient preparation for the ABR Diagnostic and Nuclear Medical Physics exams is key to successfully obtain ABR certification. Each part of the ABR exam presents its own challenges: Part I: Determine the scope of basic medical physics study material, efficiently review this material, and solve related written questions/problems. Part II: Understand imaging principles, modalities, and systems, including image acquisition, processing, and display. Understand the relationship between imaging techniques, image quality, patient dose and safety, and solve related written questions/problems. Part III: Gain crucial, practical, clinical medical physics experience. Effectively communicate and explain the practice, performance, and significance of all aspects of clinical medical physics. All parts of the ABR exam require specific skill sets and preparation: mastery of basic physics and imaging principles; written problem solving often involving rapid calculation; responding clearly and succinctly to oral questions about the practice, methods, and significance of clinical medical physics. This symposium focuses on the preparation necessary for each part of the ABR exam. Although there is some overlap, the nuclear exam covers a different body of knowledge than the diagnostic exam. A separate speaker will address those unique aspects of the nuclear exam, and how preparing for a second specialty differs from the first. Medical physicists who recently completed each ABR exam portion will share their experiences, insights, and preparation methods to help attendees best prepare for the challenges of each part of the ABR exam. In accordance with ABR exam security policy, no recalls or exam questions will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.How to prepare for Part 1 of the ABR exam by determining the scope of basic medical physics study material and related problem solving/calculations 2.How to prepare for Part 2 of the ABR exam by understanding diagnostic and/or nuclear imaging physics, systems, dosimetry, safety and related problem solving/calculations 3.How to prepare for Part 3 of the ABR exam by effectively communicating the practice, methods, and significance of clinical diagnostic and/or nuclear medical physics.
Classes of Double Stars

Two or more stars held, by their mutual gravity attraction, in a long-term (usually lifelong) association are termed a double star.
Provisions of Trustworthiness in Critical Narrative Research: Bridging Intersubjectivity and Fidelity

This article is a reflective-reflexive examination of provisions of trustworthiness in critical narrative research.
Chapter 17 – IDT Network Search Engine with QDR LA-1 Interface

Publisher Summary Despite the design objectives of greater flexibility and performance, network-processing units (NPU) remain limited by the performance of off-chip memory database searches. The IDT network search engines (NSE) with an integrated quad data rate (QDR) interface provides a comprehensive architectural solution that is supported with system-level support tools that enable the best time-to-market available. NSEs utilizing ternary content-addressable memory technology provide enhanced NPU system performance that enables flow caching, IPv4 or IPv6 forwarding, and access control list at a 10-Gb/s line rate utilizing one QDR bus. As NPU designs strive to meet the ever-increasing demands of modern networks, NSEs continue to be essential tools for offloading database table searches and allowing higher levels of functionality.
Aggregate Demand and Price Adjustment: Pigou versus Fisher

Mainstream classical macroeconomics challenges Keynes’ claim to have demonstrated the possibility of equilibrium involuntary unemployment in a perfectly competitive economy with flexible prices and nominal wages. This challenge is predicated on the Pigou (1943) effect, according to which decreases in the general price level increase the real value of nominally denominated assets, thereby giving rise to a positive wealth effect on spending. It is also supported by the Keynes effect (1936), whereby decreases in the general price level increase the real money supply and lower interest rates. As a result nominal wage reduction, through its impact on product prices, can increase aggregate demand and restore full employment.
Defining the role of p38MAPK signaling during mammary epithelial acini development

1600 Mammary epithelial cells are critically dependent on integrin-mediated adhesion to a suitable basement membrane (BM) matrix for normal growth and survival. The stress-activated kinase, p38, has been identified as a potential tumor suppressor pathway involved in mediating suspension-induced cell death in epithelial cells. However, little is known about its function during normal mammary gland morphogenesis or in breast cancer development. In the present study, we investigated whether alterations in cell-BM adhesion resulted in changes in p38 signaling and consequently the fate of normal vs. cancerous breast epithelial cells. We used “normal” non-transformed MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells and tumorigenic T47D breast carcinoma cells, cultured in adhered vs. suspension growth assays and 3D cultures. Immunoblots were used to detect BimEL, GADD153, phospho-p38 and ATF4. SB203580, shRNA and a dominant negative p38 construct were used to inhibit p38 MAPK pathway. A GADD153-EGFP reporter construct was used to monitor p38 signals. Our data revealed a robust activation of p38 in MCF10A cells, as early as 2hrs and up to 48hrs in suspension, followed by the initiation of apoptosis at 24hrs in suspension. Further, blocking β1 integrin function strongly induced p38 activation comparable with suspension growth conditions. Apoptosis was p38-mediated, since inhibition of p38 signaling by SB203580 significantly reduced apoptosis, and over expression of a dominant- negative form of p38 resulted in suppression of GADD153-promoter activation, a pro-apoptotic p38 target. In contrast, T47D carcinoma cells showed a significant delay in p38 activation, reduced GADD153-promoter activation and resistance to anoikis after 72hrs in suspension. Preliminary studies suggest that p38 activation is required for luminal apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in the basal layer during acini morphogenesis. We conclude that p38 activation is an early response to suspension-induced stress and in cancer cells attenuation of this response correlates with their survival in suspension. Interestingly, in early stages of breast carcinoma, i.e.: ductal carcinoma in situ, cells accumulate in the lumen where BM is absent. Future studies using MCF-10A stably expressing a p38-shRNA in 3D Matrigel™ cultures will allow us to elucidate the role of p38 during mammary acini morphogenesis.
The genera of native bamboos of Costa Rica

Taxonomic keys to the seven native and two introduced bamboos known from Costa Rica, based on vegetative characters, are presented in English and Spanish versions. Brief notes on the morphology and occurrence of each genus are included.
Effectiveness of a Culturally-Tailored Smoking Cessation Intervention for Arab-American Men

To date, no smoking cessation programs are available for Arab American (ARA) men, who are a vulnerable population with high rates of smoking. Thus, the primary aim of this one group pre-test/post-test study was to assess the effectiveness of Sehatack-a culturally and linguistically tailored smoking cessation program for ARA men. The study sample was 79 ARA men with a mean age of 43 years who smoked between 5 and 40 cigarettes (mean = 19.75, SD = 9.1) per day (98.7%). All of the participants reported more interest in smoking cessation post-intervention and many of the participants in the baseline (38.5%) and post-intervention phases (47.7%) wanted to quit smoking "very much". For daily smokers who completed the smoking cessation program, the median number of cigarettes smoked daily was significantly lower than those in the post-intervention phase (Z = -6.915, p < 0.001). Results of this preliminary study indicate that: (a) Sehatack may be a promising way for ARA men to quit smoking, and (b) culturally relevant smoking cessation counselors can be trained to recruit and retain ARA smokers in an intensive group smoking cessation program. Strengths of this study were community engagement and rapport between three faith organizations and the University of Florida College of Nursing. However, a larger trial is needed to address study limitations and to confirm benefits in this population.
A stochastic optimal control approach for real-time traffic routing considering demand uncertainties and travelers’ choice heterogeneity

Abstract This paper develops a theoretical approach to identify optimal traffic routing strategy for managing transportation systems. It obtains the optimal traffic diversion ratio to each route that can be achieved in real time through cutting-edge sensing and vehicle-infrastructure communication technologies. We minimize the expected total travel time of all travelers in the network by providing and updating routing advice (or incentives) to travelers in real time. The system-optimum traffic routing problem is modeled using the stochastic control approach where demand uncertainty and travelers’ heterogeneity are explicitly considered over time. The approach is generic in the sense that the optimal routing strategies can be achieved through various technologies, such as connected vehicle technologies, navigation systems, variable message signs, dynamic pricing, etc. For a two-route representative network, we use dynamic programming to derive and approximate the analytical solution of the optimal routing policy for each time interval. The optimal diversion ratio can be updated solely upon the traffic counts measured along the preferred route in real time. The general rule is, with a high probability, to minimize the congestion and keep the maximum flow performance on the preferred route from the beginning of the peak hours. Towards the end of the peak hours, the optimal policy would allow more intensive use of the preferred route resulting over-saturation, whereas keeping the minimal use of the alternative route. The analytical solution is validated and examined in a synthesized network and a real-world network in California. It is found that it consistently outperforms the deterministic solution, and its resultant system performance is also reasonably close to the benchmark system optimum where true demand could be precisely known one day ahead.
Unpacking team performance: The role of positive and negative network ties

To accomplish key objectives, organizations frequently rely on work teams. This study of social networks and team performance sought to make two distinct contributions to theory: simultaneously res...
Robust design optimization using the price of robustness, robust least squares and regularization methods

In this paper a framework for robust optimization of mechanical design problems and process systems that have parametric uncertainty is presented using three different approaches. Robust optimization problems are formulated so that the optimal solution is robust which means it is minimally sensitive to any perturbations in parameters. The first method uses the price of robustness approach which assumes the uncertain parameters to be symmetric and bounded. The robustness for the design can be controlled by limiting the parameters that can perturb.The second method uses the robust least squares method to determine the optimal parameters when data itself is subjected to perturbations instead of the parameters. The last method manages uncertainty by restricting the perturbation on parameters to improve sensitivity similar to Tikhonov regularization. The methods are implemented on two sets of problems; one linear and the other non-linear. This methodology will be compared with a prior method using multiple Monte Carlo simulation runs which shows that the approach being presented in this paper results in better performance.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Electrocardiogram Monitoring of Pediatric Patients on Multiple QTc Interval-Prolonging Medications.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether dedicated pharmacy services improve the rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation. In addition, determine how pediatric institutions currently monitor patients at risk for medication-induced QTc interval prolongation. METHODS A pharmacist-driven monitoring protocol to detect medication-induced QTc interval prolongation was developed using published literature. If patients were prescribed 3 or more medications known to prolong the QTc interval, they were recommended to have a baseline ECG to assess the QTc interval. If 3 or more QTc interval–prolonging medications were administered for 5 or more days, a follow-up ECG was recommended. Patients prescribed medications known to prolong the QTc interval were identified. Prior to pharmacist intervention, electronic medical records were reviewed to determine if baseline and follow-up ECGs were obtained in patients meeting criteria for monitoring. A dedicated phar...
Nitrogen cycling in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie: oscillations between strong and weak export and implications for harmful algal blooms

Abstract. Recent global water quality crises point to an urgent need for greater understanding of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) and their drivers. Nearshore areas of Lake Erie such as Sandusky Bay may become seasonally limited by nitrogen ( N ) and are characterized by distinct cHAB compositions (i.e., Planktothrix over Microcystis). This study investigated phytoplankton N uptake pathways, determined drivers of N depletion, and characterized the N budget in Sandusky Bay. Nitrate ( NO 3 - ) and ammonium ( NH 4 + ) uptake, N fixation, and N removal processes were quantified by stable isotopic approaches. Dissimilatory N reduction was a relatively modest N sink, with denitrification, anammox, and N2O production accounting for 84, 14, and 2 % of sediment N removal, respectively. Phytoplankton assimilation was the dominant N uptake mechanism, and NO 3 - uptake rates were higher than NH 4 + uptake rates. Riverine N loading was sometimes insufficient to meet assimilatory and dissimilatory demands, but N fixation alleviated this deficit. N fixation made up 23.7–85.4 % of total phytoplankton N acquisition and indirectly supports Planktothrix blooms. However, N fixation rates were surprisingly uncorrelated with NO 3 - or NH 4 + concentrations. Owing to temporal separation in sources and sinks of N to Lake Erie, Sandusky Bay oscillates between a conduit and a filter of downstream N loading to Lake Erie, delivering extensively recycled forms of N during periods of low export. Drowned river mouths such as Sandusky Bay are mediators of downstream N loading, but climate-change-induced increases in precipitation and N loading will likely intensify N export from these systems.