cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of oral and inhaled metaproterenol for prevention of exercise‐induced asthma

The effectiveness of inhaled versus oral metaproterenol in preventing exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was studied. Inhaled metaproterenol given 10 min before the exercise significantly reduced the degree of EIA in a group of twenty-four patients, and in 75% of them completely prevented it. The mean percentage decrease in FEV1 was 6.5% with the inhaler and 30.1% with placebo. When inhaled 1 hr before the exercise, metaproterenol was still better than placebo but its effectiveness was considerably lower. Metaproterenol tablets had a slight protective effect given 1 hr before, and none when administered 2 hr before exercise. There was no correlation between the protective effect against EIA and the bronchodilating effect obtained before exercise. Metaproterenol administered by metered-dose inhaler is a very effective prophylactic medication against clinically troublesome EIA, while metaproterenol tablets should not be recommended for this purpose.
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for October–December 1986

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 189 earthquakes that occurred during the fourth quarter of 1986. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical Earth structure.
Research on behavior of slab surface defects in forward slip zone during V-H rolling process

Behavior of the transversal crack and the longitudinal crack on slab surface during V-H rolling was simulated by the FEM. The contact pressure on crack surfaces and the crack-tip stress change rules during rolling were analyzed. Results show that the contact pressure on crack surfaces decreases and the tensile stress appears at crack tip in the zone of slippage on the delivery side, which may make the cracks propagation. For the phenomenon, the stress distribution along rolling direction and along width direction in rolling are analyzed, and the influence of forward slip on the closure and growth of the surface transversal crack and the surface longitudinal crack are discussed. Results support some significant information for researching the behavior of the slab surface defects in rolling process.
Patient compliance—A factor in facial trauma repair

The clinical records of 25 consecutive patients who were treated for facial trauma were reviewed and analyzed to ascertain what effect patient cooperation had on the outcome of facial fracture repair. The study was designed to establish the incidence of complications and to discover what factors contributed to untoward sequela in such patients. Overall, 15 patients (60%) were noncompliant in one or more aspects of their care. Six patients (24%) had significant postoperative complications associated with their facial injuries. Four of these patients were not fully cooperative.
Compositional Models of Glass/Melt Properties and their Use for Glass Formulation

Nuclear waste glasses must simultaneously meet a number of criteria related to their processability, product quality, and cost factors. The properties that must be controlled in glass formulation and waste vitrification plant operation tend to vary smoothly with composition allowing for glass property-composition models to be developed and used. Models have been fit to the key glass properties. The properties are transformed so that simple functions of composition (e.g., linear, polynomial, or component ratios) can be used as model forms. The model forms are fit to experimental data designed statistically to efficiently cover the composition space of interest. Examples of these models are found in literature. The glass property-composition models, their uncertainty definitions, property constraints, and optimality criteria are combined to formulate optimal glass compositions, control composition in vitrification plants, and to qualify waste glasses for disposal. An overview of current glass property-composition modeling techniques is summarized in this paper along with an example of how those models are applied to glass formulation and product qualification at the planned Hanford high-level waste vitrification plant.
The in situ labeling of histone H3 in chromatin by a fluorescent probe

A sulfhydryl-specific fluorescent probe, N-3-pyrene maleimide, has been shown to label with high efficiency the sulfhydryl groups of histone H3 in nonsheared chromatin. The probe labels chromatin preparations obtained by mild homogenization or nuclease treatment of rat liver and mouse thymocyte, but not chick erythrocyte nuclei. Mononucleosomes from all nuclear preparations are labeled by the probe. The reaction is inhibited by prior reaction of the chromatin with N-ethyl maleimide. The reaction kinetics show fast and slow components representing reactions with cysteinyl sulfhydryl groups and lysyl epsilon-amino groups, respectively. Dissociation of the chromatin by urea (6 M) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) increases the fluorescence intensity (2-3 fold) and is maximal at approx. 0.01-0.02% (w/v) SDS. Histones extracted from the labelled chromatin show that approx. 80-90% of the label is associated with the histone fraction and column chromatography of this fraction shows that the label is primarily associated with histone H3. Labelling of the isolated histone fractions shows significant labelling only of histone H3. The intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan is quenched by the labelled histone H3, but not by iodide, suggesting that non-histone (tryptophan-containing) proteins lie in close proximity to the labelled histone H3 but are not immediately accessible to external solvent. The labelled chromatin exhibits fluorescence anistropy, the anistropy parameter being 0.19 +/- 0.003 for chromatin, 0.05 +/- 0.01 for mononucleosomes and 0.0 for isolated histone H3. This demonstrates the restriction placed on the label's mobility by the chromatin fiber. The formation of a superhelix at 60-100 mM NaCl has been monitored with the probe. An increase in fluorescence intensity at 80 mM NaCl is observed with intact chromatin (but not H-1 depleted chromatin) followed by dissociation of the octamer in 1.50-2.0 M salt accompanied by a large increase in labelling.
W-production via Z-decay

We calculate the decay rate for the processZ Boson→W Boson+fermion+antifermion. The result is applied to compute the decay rates for $$Z \to W^ + + l + \bar v_l $$ ,l=e, μ or τ andZ→W ++anything in the Weinberg-Salam model. At the present experimental value of sin2 θ w=0.23 the branching ratios for the above processes are $$\Gamma (Z \to W^ + l\bar v_l )/\Gamma (Z \to all) \simeq 9 \times 10^{ - 9} $$ and Γ(Z→W ++anything)/Γ(Z→all)≃8×10−8.
Characterization of kilowatt-scale autothermal reformer for production of hydrogen from heavy hydrocarbons

Abstract Catalytic autothermal reforming is considered one of the most effective methods of producing hydrogen from heavy hydrocarbon fuels, such as diesel fuel, for fuel cell or emissions reduction applications. This article describes an investigation of the reactor characteristics and catalytic efficiency of a kilowatt-scale catalytic autothermal reformer currently being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Dodecane and hexadecane were used individually as surrogates for diesel fuels to simply the reaction study and the interpretation of the test results. The reforming of these hydrocarbon fuels was examined at a variety of oxygen-to-carbon and steam-to-carbon ratios at gas hourly space velocities ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 h−1. At steady state, the product composition correlated well with that calculated from thermodynamic equilibrium at a representative equivalent temperature. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio was determined to be the most significant operating parameter that influenced the reforming efficiency; the reforming efficiency (and the selectivity to COx) increased with increasing oxygen-to-carbon ratio up to about 0.42, at which value the maximum efficiency was attained.
Courtship-stimulating volatile compounds from normal and mutant Drosophila

Abstract Volatile compounds from Drosophila melanogaster males and females dramatically affect male courtship behaviour. These substances, which have been extracted from flies of different ages and genotypes, have been analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and in behavioural assays. Extracts from virgin females and males have different gas chromatographic profiles, which may reflect the fact that extract from virgin females stimulates high levels of courtship between males over short distances, while extract from mature wild-type males does not affect sexual behaviour. However, volatile compounds from very young males or males expressing the fruitless ( fru ) mutation do stimulate courtship between males, and chromatographic profiles of young male and fru male extracts differ from the GC profile of extracts from mature wild-type males.
Effect of provider experience on clinician-performed ultrasonography for hydronephrosis in patients with suspected renal colic.

Study objective Hydronephrosis is readily visible on ultrasonography and is a strong predictor of ureteral stones, but ultrasonography is a user-dependent technology and the test characteristics of clinician-performed ultrasonography for hydronephrosis are incompletely characterized, as is the effect of ultrasound fellowship training on predictive accuracy. We seek to determine the test characteristics of ultrasonography for detecting hydronephrosis when performed by clinicians with a wide range of experience under conditions of direct patient care. Methods This was a prospective study of patients presenting to an academic medical center emergency department with suspected renal colic. Before computed tomography (CT) results, an emergency clinician performed bedside ultrasonography, recording the presence and degree of hydronephrosis. CT data were abstracted from the dictated radiology report by an investigator blinded to the bedside ultrasonographic results. Test characteristics of bedside ultrasonography for hydronephrosis were calculated with the CT scan as the reference standard, with test characteristics compared by clinician experience stratified into 4 levels: attending physicians with emergency ultrasound fellowship training, attending physicians without emergency ultrasound fellowship training, ultrasound experienced non–attending physician clinicians (at least 2 weeks of ultrasound training), and ultrasound inexperienced non–attending physician clinicians (physician assistants, nurse practitioners, off-service rotators, and first-year emergency medicine residents with fewer than 2 weeks of ultrasound training). Results There were 670 interpretable bedside ultrasonographic tests performed by 144 unique clinicians, 80.9% of which were performed by clinicians directly involved in the care of the patient. On CT, 47.5% of all subjects had hydronephrosis and 47.0% had a ureteral stone. Among all clinicians, ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 72.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65.4% to 78.9%), specificity of 73.3% (95% CI 66.1% to 79.4%), positive likelihood ratio of 2.72 (95% CI 2.25 to 3.27), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.37 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.44) for hydronephrosis, using hydronephrosis on CT as the criterion standard. Among attending physicians with fellowship training, ultrasonography had sensitivity of 92.7% (95% CI 83.8% to 96.9%), positive likelihood ratio of 4.97 (95% CI 2.90 to 8.51), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.08 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.23). Conclusion Overall, ultrasonography performed by emergency clinicians was moderately sensitive and specific for detection of hydronephrosis as seen on CT in patients with suspected renal colic. However, presence or absence of hydronephrosis as determined by emergency physicians with fellowship training in ultrasonography yielded more definitive test results. For clinicians without fellowship training, there was no significant difference between groups in the predictive accuracy of the application according to experience level.
Expanding the Theoretical Framework of Communication Fidelity

This study examines the expanding role and significance of communication fidelity theory within a bimodal communication event framework comprising both basic communication fidelity and listening fidelity. First, a discussion of communication fidelity situates the concept in relation to corollary theoretical constructs, and an argument is made for the essential, inherent presence of fidelity throughout the scholarly examination of human communication phenomena. Next appears an explication of four propositional statements supported by an ongoing program of empirical research, followed by a discussion of measurement considerations. A research agenda is then proposed that suggests various lines of future inquiry that could integrate this concept and measurement system into a variety of research programs.
Evaluation of a human immunodeficiency virus rule out tuberculosis critical pathway as an intervention to decrease nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in the inpatient setting.

Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is a recognized risk in health care settings, and is a particular concern in settings where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons receive care. TB control guidelines have been effective in prevention of nosocomial TB outbreaks and protection of patients and health care workers. In 1993 a South Florida academic medical center noted an increase in TB cases, particularly in HIV-infected persons who had been inpatients. A multidisciplinary team developed an HIV Rule Out TB Critical Pathway as an intervention to deter nosocomial transmission of TB. The pathway was implemented in 1995 on the Special Immunology/Infectious Disease (SI/ID) inpatient unit. This paper describes an evaluation study conducted to determine the effectiveness of the pathway as an intervention to deter nosocomial TB in relation to two areas: (1) early identification of HIV-infected patients with potential TB, followed by immediate placement in respiratory isolation a...
Subsymmetry Analysis of Architectural Designs: Some Examples:

An analytic method founded on the mathematical structure of symmetry groups is defined and some applications to the analysis of architectural designs are shown.
Significance of Schwannomas as a factor in obscure cases of appendicitis

Abstract 1. 1. The pathological changes of Schwannoma of the vermiform appendix is presented with an evaluation of its significance in neurogenic appendicitis. 2. 2. Fourteen cases are described, of patients complaining of lower right quadrant pain, thirteen of whom were relieved by appendectomy with histopathologic demonstration of axial neuroma or Schwannoma in the fourteen cases. 3. 3. Patients with Schwannomas of the vermiform appendix may have co-existing acute appendicitis and vice versa. 4. 4. Neurogenic appendicitis must be considered in patients complaining of attacks of intermittent, colicky, cramp-like lower right quadrant pain and having normal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, and with hematological survey within normal limits.
THE SOIL ALGAL COMMUNITY. II. SOVIET SOIL STUDIES

SUMMARY The enormous quantity of work done in the Soviet Union is inadequately known elsewhere. Soviet generalizations rest on extensive data published in the Russian and Ukranian languages. The primary criterion of community analysis is now the total algal flora, but it is foreseen that the ecology of individual species is a more desirable parameter. Methods of sampling and culture in the Soviet Union are largely the same as those used elsewhere. The basic problems of sampling and quantification have not been solved yet. It is felt that the prerequisite to understanding the Soviet experience is a commonly held taxonomy. Soviet taxonomists are judged as fully competent, but lack communications with outside taxonomists in respect to methodology and references. As a contribution to the common understanding, new identifications of Soviet species (mostly blue-greens) are included in this paper. These were derived from: a study of moist soil dishes from collections made according to a horizontal distribution plan in a single field; collections from near Leningrad, Middle Asia (Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Samarkand, Buchara); liquid cultures of soil collected by a Soviet investigator in Kazakistan; and agar cultures of soil algae which are maintained in Soviet laboratories. Also included is a selected bibliography, in English translation, of 71 Soviet publications.
California's highway 89: A regional tourism model

Abstract This paper documents the process used to develop a marketing plan for a number of small rural communities in Northeastern California. Individually each town lacked sufficient financial resources to reach urban tourism markets but by unifying with the theme Highway 89: California's scenic mountain route, the area could be promoted as a regional tourism destination. Applying anthropological field methods to analyze “power,” “pay-offs,” and “trade-offs” provided early clues to community structure. The formation of a regional Tourism Council proved effective in the development of local leadership and on-going community participation. Sustained effort provided by a grant-funded clearinghouse produced measurable results in attracting new tourism to the area.
Visible electroluminescence from stain-etched porous Si diodes

Visible electroluminescence (EL) from stain-etched porous silicon (PoSi) films is presented. The PoSi thin layers (/spl sim/200 nm) were obtained by stain-etching of B-doped 6-16 /spl Omega/-cm [100] crystalline Si in a HF:HNO/sub 3/:H/sub 2/O (1:3:5) solution. Indium tin oxide (ITO) films of /spl sim/2500 /spl Aring/ were used to form a Schottky contact. Visible EL was observed at room temperature from the diode under forward bias. EL onset bias as low as 3 mA/cm/sup 2/ was measured. The EL, with an emission peak at /spl sim/640 nm, is similar to the photoluminescence under UV excitation, indicating the same luminescent centers. This result demonstrates a promising and simple technique for the fabrication of PoSi-based light emitting diodes and flat panel display devices. >
Evaluation of thin agar layer method for recovery of cold-injured foodborne pathogens.

The thin agar layer (TAL) method was used to enumerate cold-injured (-20C for 2 h and then 25C for 2 h) foodborne pathogens. This method involves overlaying 14 mL of nonselective medium (Tryptic Soy Agar, TSA) onto a prepoured, pathogen-specific, selective medium. The microbial recovery with the TAL method was compared with the recovery for TSA and pathogen-specific, selective media. No significant difference occurred between TSA and TAL (P 0.05) for recovery of cold-injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphyococcus aureus, but the numbers of cells recovered were lower in selective media than TSA or TAL. The TAL method has better recovery capacity than selective media and provides better selectivity than TSA to differentiate target microorganisms.
A Chemiresistor Sensor With a Poly3-Hexylthiophene Active Layer for the Detection of Insect Infestation at Early Stages

A poly3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) thin-film sensor was designed, fabricated and tested to detect volatile compounds secreted by plants when attacked by insects. The sensor is inexpensive and small enough to be easily attached to plants. The sensor can be used for early onsite detection of insect infestation. The chemical resistor sensor consists of micro-electronically fabricated interdigitated electrodes, coated with a P3HT thin film that was deposited by spin coating. The sensor's doping profile; annealing profile and thickness were optimized for detecting γ-terpinene a chemical emitted by pine trees during bark beetle infestation. The vapors of γ-terpinene interacted with the optimized P3HT film causing an increase in the resistance of the sensor by more than two orders of magnitude at room temperature. The detection limit was found to be 36 ppm, which is sufficient for detecting insect infestations.
Arrest is a regulator of fiber-specific alternative splicing in the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila.

Drosophila melanogaster flight muscles are distinct from other skeletal muscles, such as jump muscles, and express several uniquely spliced muscle-associated transcripts. We sought to identify factors mediating splicing differences between the flight and jump muscle fiber types. We found that the ribonucleic acid–binding protein Arrest (Aret) is expressed in flight muscles: in founder cells, Aret accumulates in a novel intranuclear compartment that we termed the Bruno body, and after the onset of muscle differentiation, Aret disperses in the nucleus. Down-regulation of the aret gene led to ultrastructural changes and functional impairment of flight muscles, and transcripts of structural genes expressed in the flight muscles became spliced in a manner characteristic of jump muscles. Aret also potently promoted flight muscle splicing patterns when ectopically expressed in jump muscles or tissue culture cells. Genetically, aret is located downstream of exd (extradenticle), hth (homothorax), and salm (spalt major), transcription factors that control fiber identity. Our observations provide insight into a transcriptional and splicing regulatory network for muscle fiber specification.
Polarization and Partisan Selective Exposure

Today, people can easily select media outlets sharing their political predispositions, a behavior known as partisan selective exposure. Additional research is needed, however, to better understand the causes and consequences of partisan selective exposure. This study investigates the relationship between partisan selective exposure and political polarization using data from the National Annenberg Election Survey. Cross-sectional results show strong evidence that partisan selective exposure is related to polarization. Over-time analyses document that partisan selective exposure leads to polarization. Some evidence supports the reverse causal direction, namely that polarization leads to partisan selective exposure. Implications for the study of media effects and normative implications—both positive and negative—are discussed.
Enforcing Gender: The Constitution of Masculinity and Femininity in Prison Regimes

This paper examines the ways that gender and sex identities are constituted within contemporary practices of imprisonment in the UK and US. While there has been much attention to the construction of racialized identities and inequalities within the American penal system, the social construction of gender and sex within prisons have been largely neglected. Since prisons are one of the few sex-segregated institutions remaining in British and American societies, they provide a particularly clear example of power working through and upon sex and gender. I draw on queer theory and Foucault's analyses of power, including his account of the prison and of sexuality, to show how binary sex identities and hegemonic gender identities are created or reinforced by contemporary prison regimes.
A new molecular window on early life.

In recent years, the boundary between the Archean and the Proterozoic--2500 million years ago--has been the boundary between a relatively well-studied biology preserved in fossils and a shadowland for paleobiological evidence for life on Earth. Brocks et al . now extend the chemical evidence for biomolecules from the previous 1700 million years to 2700 million years, by identifying biomarkers characteristic for cyanobacteria and eukaryotes in Archean rocks from rocks from Western Australia. The results show that a key attribute of eukaryotic physiology had already evolved 2700 million years ago.
On contention resolution in the data vortex optical interconnection network

Alternative contention resolution techniques are studied in the data vortex interconnection network, namely, the insertion of fiber-delay-line (FDL) buffers into the switching nodes. The performance of each technique is evaluated according to relevant performance metrics: acceptance rate, mean latency, and latency variance. A detailed discussion concludes that while traditional data vortex networks perform better in terms of throughput, FDL-based switching nodes have a favorable impact in reducing the system latency.
Field host range of the fire ant pathogens Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae) and Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporida: Burenellidae) in South America

We studied the field host specificity of the microsporidia Thelohania solenopsae and Vairimorpha invictae and their prevalence in the imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri. Terrestrial ants were sampled by using bait traps and/or nest sampling at preselected sites in Argentina and Brazil. The sampling included the genera Solenopsis, Pheidole, Camponotus, Crematogaster, Linepithema, Brachymyrmex, Paratrechina, Dorymyrmex, and Wasmannia. The samples were examined under a phase-contrast microscope for the presence of microsporidian infections. The bait trap sampling revealed that: (1) T. solenopsae infected only S. richteri, S. invicta, and Solenopsis sp. at 6–67% of the sites and in 1.5–29% of the traps; (2) V. invictae infected only S. invicta at 6% of the sites and in 3% of the samples. The nest sampling revealed that: (1) T. solenopsae infected S. invicta, S. richteri, and S. macdonaghi, at 41–67% of the sites and in 11–58% of the colonies; (2) V. invictae infected the same species at 15–50% of the sites and in 2–26% of the colonies. We detected T. solenopsae and V. invictae in equal percentages of S. invicta sites (41%); however, the percentage of colonies infected with V. invictae was 20% and with T. solenopsae only 11%. At S. richteri sites, in contrast, T. solenopsae occurred at 46% of the sites and 15% of the colonies and V. invictae occurred at only 15% of the sites and 2% of the colonies. In S. macdonaghi, T. solenopsae was detected at 67% of the sites and 58% of the colonies, and V. invictae was detected at 50% of the sites and 26% of the colonies. This is the first report of V. invictae infecting S. macdonaghi. The proportion of S. richteri and S. invicta infected with T. solenopsae was similar. In contrast, the proportion of S. invicta infected with V. invictae was higher than S. richteri. We conclude that the microsporidia, T. solenopsae and V. invictae, show a very high specificity for Solenopsis ants in the field. It appears that T. solenopsae infects S. invicta and S. richteri equally but V. invictae may be more adapted to infect S. invicta. Published by Elsevier Science (USA).
A framework for the automatic extraction of rules from online text

The majority of knowledge on the Web is encoded in unstructured text and is not linked to formalized knowledge, such as ontologies and rules. A potential solution to this problem is to acquire this knowledge through natural language processing and text mining methods. Prior work has focused on automatically extracting RDF- or OWL-based ontologies from text; however, the type of knowledge acquired is generally restricted to simple term hierarchies. This paper presents a general-purpose framework for acquiring more complex relationships from text and then encoding this knowledge as rules. Our approach starts with existing domain knowledge in the form of OWL ontologies and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules and applies natural language processing and text matching techniques to deduce classes and properties. It then captures deductive knowledge in the form of new rules. We have evaluated our framework by applying it to web-based text on car rental requirements. We show that our approach can automatically and accurately generate rules for requirements of car rental companies not in the knowledge base. Our framework thus rapidly acquires complex knowledge from free text sources. We are expanding it to handle richer domains, such as medical science.
Ground state electronic structures of some metal atom cluster compounds

Abstract The ground state electronic structures of several metal atom cluster compounds, Re 3 Cl 9 , Re 3 Cl 3− 12 and Mo 6 Cl 2− 14 , have been calculated by the SCF Xα SW method. The results are consistent with the earlier d-orbital overlap patterns and with the reported spectroscopic properties.
What kinds of development problems can be solved by searching the web?: a field study

Developers use the Web as a tool to find information to help them solve their software development problems. However, little is known about what kinds of problems motivate developers to do searches on the Web. We asked twenty-five developers to record their Web searches at a medium-sized software company. We also observed twelve developers. In our analysis, we found that there are six main kinds of problems. One, developers want to find procedural information, such as quick references about how to solve some programming problems. Two, developers use the Web as a memory aid to remember details about how to solve a problem they solved before. Three, developers want to solve a knowledge problem, for example, learning some new concepts. Four, developers want to find information to understand and solve errors. Five, developers need information to judge the suitability of software components being evaluated. Finally, in the "Other" category, we included problems such as searching for software to download or translating functions.
48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes: not just variants of Klinefelter syndrome

Sex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy conditions occur in 1:18 000–1:100 000 male births. While often compared with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome because of shared features including tall stature and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes are associated with additional physical findings, congenital malformations, medical problems and psychological features. While the spectrum of cognitive abilities extends much higher than originally described, developmental delays, cognitive impairments and behavioural disorders are common and require strong treatment plans. Future research should focus on genotype–phenotype relationships and the development of evidence-based treatments. Conclusion The more complex physical, medical and psychological phenotypes of 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes make distinction from 47,XXY important; however, all of these conditions share features of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and the need for increased awareness, biomedical research and the development of evidence-based treatments.
Approximateword-lattice indexing with text indexers: Time-Anchored Lattice Expansion

We address the problem of how to represent or approximate speech lattices to be indexed with existing text indexers. We present a method named time-anchored lattice expansion (TALE), which can be implemented by a standard text indexer (STI). On a 170- hour lecture set, we compare TALE with other lattice indexing methods: confusion networks, position-specific posterior lattices (PSPL), and time-based merging for index (TMI). All methods achieve accuracies comparable to searching raw lattices when the corresponding index structures and phrase matching algorithms are used. However, when implemented with an STI, TALE significantly outperforms all other methods. Compared to indexing linear text, TALE improves accuracy by 30-60% for multi-word phrase searches and by 130% for two-term AND queries.
Randomized algorithms for program analysis and verification

Program analysis and verification are provably hard, and we have learned not to expect perfect results. We are accustomed to pay this cost in terms of incompleteness and algorithm complexity. Recently we have started to investigate what benefits we could expect if we are willing to trade off controlled amounts of soundness. This talk describes a number of randomized program analysis algorithms which are simpler, and in many cases have lower computational complexity, than the corresponding deterministic algorithms. The price paid is that such algorithms may, in rare occasions, infer properties that are not true. We describe both the intuitions and the technical arguments that allow us to evaluate and control the probability that an erroneous result is returned, in terms of various parameters of the algorithm. These arguments will also shed light on the limitations of such randomized algorithms.
Orientalism: Edward Said's Vision of the Clash of Cultures

The Orientalism is probably more than an intellectual overhaul to the legacy of the European colonialism in the Middle East. It is according to one of its most ferocious opponents (the Palestinian intellectual Edward Said), "a way of coming to terms with the Orient' that is based on the Orient's special place in European experience, the place of Europe's greatest and richest colonies. A site that helped to define Europe (or the West) as the East contrasting image, idea, personality and experience‟ [Said 1978:1-2]. My commentary aims to look inside Edward Said's theory and see how it passed the test of time and the consolidation of American hegemonism and Islamic political radicalism.
The SloR metalloregulator is involved in the Streptococcus mutans oxidative stress response

SloR, a 25-kDa metalloregulatory protein in Streptococcus mutans modulates the expression of multiple genes, including the sloABC operon that encodes essential Mn2+ transport and genes that promote cariogenesis. In this study, we report on SloC- and SloR-deficient strains of S. mutans (GMS284 and GMS584, respectively) that demonstrate compromised survivorship compared with their UA159 wild-type progenitor and their complemented strains (GMS285 and GMS585, respectively), when challenged with streptonigrin and/or in growth competition experiments. The results of streptonigrin assays revealed significantly larger zones of inhibition for GMS584 than for either UA159 or GMS585, indicating weakened S. mutans survivorship in the absence of SloR. Competition assays revealed a compromised ability for GMS284 and GMS584 to survive peroxide challenge compared with their SloC- and SloR-proficient counterparts. These findings are consistent with a role for SloC and SloR in S. mutans aerotolerance. We also predicted differential expression of oxidative stress tolerance genes in GMS584 versus UA159 and GMS585 when grown aerobically. The results of quantitative RT-PCR experiments revealed S. mutans sod, tpx, and sloC expression that was upregulated in GMS584 compared with UA159 and GMS585, indicating that the impact of oxidative stress on S. mutans is more severe in the absence of SloR than in its presence. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that SloR does not bind to the sod or tpx promoter regions directly, implicating intermediaries that may arbitrate the SloR response to oxidative stress.
Nutritive value and in situ digestibility of pearl millet hay as affected by moisture concentration and bale sampling depth

Seven hectares (ha) of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] were divided into 3 blocks with 3 whole plots each to evaluate the effects of moisture (165, 187, and 274 g/kg of DM) and sampling depth (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m) in round bales on chemical composition and in situ disappearance. Plots were assigned randomly to moisture treatments. Round bales (n = 3 per plot; 1.2 × 1.5 m, 568 kg) were obtained and sampled at 3 different depths within each bale (n = 81) before and after 71 d of storage. Duplicate in situ bags (10 × 20 cm) were incubated in 6 ruminally cannulated cows (BW = 585 ± 37.8 kg) up to 120 h. Residual DM for each sampling time was fit to a nonlinear model using PROC NLIN of SAS to determine DM degradation kinetics. Data were analyzed as a split-plot design using Proc Mixed procedures of SAS and tested for moisture, depth, and their interactions. Bale temperature and concentrations of ADL were greater (P 0.10) any of the digestion variables, but the water-soluble fraction, potentially degradable fraction, and effective ruminal disappearance as well as concentrations of OM, NDF, and acid-detergent insoluble nitrogen were affected (P < 0.05) by the moisture × sampling depth interaction. Therefore, a greater range in sampling depth should be used to accurately assess heat damage in large round bales.
Conjugated polymer/fullerene nanostructures through cooperative non-covalent interactions for organic solar cells

Abstract We have previously reported the formation of polymer/fullerene core–shell composite nanofibers (NFs) through self-assembly of functionalized conjugated block copolymers and fullerene derivatives, by cooperation of orthogonal non-covalent interactions including block copolymer phase separation, fullerene aggregation, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) crystallization and complementary hydrogen bonding. These NFs displayed improved solar cell performances and the core–shell type structures are generally insensitive to polymer/fullerene weight ratios. In order to better understand the self-assembly mechanisms of such complex systems, we have prepared a new block copolymer (P3) having a different block length ratio and studied its solution and thin film morphologies in the presence of fullerene derivatives at different weight ratios. Worm-like micelles are observed for P3 in mixed-solvent solutions, distinctly different from the well-defined NFs observed previously. Upon fullerene additions, the solution morphologies gradually change into hierarchically complex nanostructures with varying fullerene contents. Thin film morphologies are studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the blends are applied in organic solar cell (OSC) devices. Our present studies provide detailed information on the self-assembly behaviors of conjugated block copolymers and fullerenes under cooperative orthogonal non-covalent interactions.
Vitamin K1 metabolism and the production of des-carboxy prothrombin and protein C in the term and premature neonate

This study investigated the incidences of undercarboxylated (protein induced by vitamin K absence: PIVKA) prothrombin and protein C in 496 neonates across a wide range of gestational ages. These findings are related to vitamin K1 levels (an indicator of cofactor availability) and vitamin K1 epoxide levels (a measure of the efficiency of the hepatic vitamin K cycle). PIVKA protein C was present in at least trace amounts in 27% of infants; whereas, PIVKA prothrombin was present in 7% of infants. PIVKA prothrombin and protein C were present at high plasma concentrations in 2% to 3% of term and preterm neonates and both PIVKA protein C and prothrombin increased with gestational age. Despite elevated plasma concentrations of PIVKA protein C and diminished levels of normally carboxylated protein C, clinical thrombosis was not observed. The mean (+/- SD) vitamin K1 level in the study population was 0.009 +/- 0.02 nmol/L (adult reference interval: 0.3 to 2.6 nmol/L) with no clear relationship between vitamin K1 levels and production of PIVKA protein C or prothrombin. By comparison with adults, the epoxide form of the vitamin comprised an abnormally high proportion of total vitamin K1; this suggests possible inefficiencies in hepatic reductase cycling.
Laboratory Verification of a Dam-Break Flood Model

The verification of a dam-break flood-routing model was conducted by using the 1960-1961 laboratory data from the U S Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. A series of measured stage, velocity, and discharge hydrographs at selected stations upstream and downstream of a breached dam were compared to computed results under various test conditions, such as instantaneous full or partial breaches, with or without an initial flow, and on hydraulically smooth or rough surfaces. Extended application of the Rankine-Hugoniot shock equations to the case of a nearly dry bed has made the model generally applicable to both dry and wet channels. The large reduction in the computational inaccuracies and oscillations at a severe contraction and expansion was achieved by first introducing the actual storage width in the equation of continuity and the imaginary conveyance width in the equation of motion and then solving them with the help of internal boundary conditions.
Etude de revêtements synthétiques utilisés dans les réseaux d'eau potable

Cinq materiaux synthetiques utilises dans les reservoirs d'eau potable ont ete etudies : goudron de houille, asphalte, resine vinylique, polyepoxide, caoutchouc synthetique chlore. L'etude concerne a la fois l'influence de ces revetements sur la qualite organique d'eaux chlorees a 1 et 200 ppm, et la cinetique de diffusion des additifs.Dans le cas de revetements appliques avec solvants, il a ete montre que les solvants (toluenes, xylenes, cetones) constituent la majeure partie des composes diffuses. En presence d'une faible dose de chlore, des cetones chlorees sont formees par action du chlore sur la methylisobutylcetone ou la methylisoamylcetone. Des reactions d'hydrolyse de certains additifs (esters aliphatiques ou aromatiques) ont ete egalement observees. D'une maniere generale, la nature des produits detectes (solvants, esters, alcools, cetones, aldehydes, HPA...) indique le potentiel des revetements synthetiques a provoquer ou accroitre certains problemes de qualite d'eau (gouts et odeurs, croissance microbienne).L'utilisation d'un modele de diffusion a permis de calculer les coefficients de diffusion et les valeurs de demi-vie des produits identifies ; les temps de demi-vie des solvants du revetement vinylique, caoutchouc synthetique et Epoxy-polyamide sont compris entre 12 et 25 jours. Une dose de chlore elevee (200 ppm) n'exerce a priori aucune influence sur la cinetique de diffusion des additifs.
Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Organic Molecules Using a White-Light Continuum Z-Scan

We report measurements of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption spectra for organics molecules, in a range from 450nm to 800nm using a white-light-continuum Z-scan. The results show the nonlinear refraction changes sign.
Lupus nephritis with thrombosis and abnormal fibrinolysis: effect of ancrod.

Abstract Recent evidence demonstrates that coagulation plays a role in mediating glomerular damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Because of its beneficial effect in experimental glomerulonephritis, we treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with ancrod, a drug known to lower fibrinogen levels and thought to activate fibrinolysis. Our patients had unusually severe renal disease; renal function was deteriorating in many. Before ancrod, vascular plasminogen activator levels were low, and levels of an inhibitor of plasminogen activation were elevated. Some patients had elevated plasmin inhibitor levels. Results were considered in two groups. In 13 patients characterized as fibrinolysis responders, the low vascular plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activation inhibitor levels normalized. After ancrod, striking resolution of microvascular thrombosis occurred, which was associated with some improvement in renal function and blood pressure control. In five patients characterized as fibrinolysis nonresponders and who also had an elevated plasmin inhibitor ( α 2 -antiplasmin) level, normalization of fibrinolysis did not occur. There was little change in microvascular thrombosis, renal function, or blood pressure control in the fibrinolysis nonresponders. These preliminary observations demonstrate a disorder of fibrinolysis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with microvascular thrombi in the kidney. Ancrod therapy reverses this disorder rapidly in patients with a normal level of plasmin inhibitor and may lead to repair of glomerular damage.
Cardiomyopathy induced by cardiac Gs alpha overexpression

The goal of this study was to determine whether chronic endogenous sympathetic stimulation resulting from the overexpression of cardiac stimulatory G protein alpha subunit (Gs alpha) in transgenic ...
Arthrography for complications of total hip replacement. A review of thirty-one arthrograms.

In patients with persistent pain after total replacement of the hip, arthrography during aspiration has been found to be useful for verification of the proper intracapsular placement of the needle and for the diagnosis of loosening of the prosthesis. The presence of soft-tissue abscesses or sinuses can also be demonstrated on occasion before the clinical picture of infection is definitely established, as well as other rarer pathological entities. The technique is most useful when radiolucent acrylic cement has been used, but it is also helpful for the diagnosis of complications when radiopaque acrylic cement has been used.
Fundamentals of Boiling and Evaporation

The fundamentals of pool boiling and forced convection boiling heat transfer are described in this chapter. Typical correlations for the various boiling modes or flow regimes are presented. The emphasis is on simple geometries such as a single tube in a large pool and a single vertical circular tube. Mention is made of practical problems such as boiling curve hysteresis resulting from difficult nucleation, shifts in the boiling curve due to dissolved gas, and surface or fluid contamination.
Evaluating common data models for use with a longitudinal community registry.

Abstract Objective To evaluate common data models (CDMs) to determine which is best suited for sharing data from a large, longitudinal, electronic health record (EHR)-based community registry. Materials and methods Four CDMs were chosen from models in use for clinical research data: Sentinel v5.0 (referred to as the Mini-Sentinel CDM in previous versions), PCORnet v3.0 (an extension of the Mini-Sentinel CDM), OMOP v5.0, and CDISC SDTM v1.4. Each model was evaluated against 11 criteria adapted from previous research. The criteria fell into six categories: content coverage, integrity, flexibility, ease of querying, standards compatibility, and ease and extent of implementation. Results The OMOP CDM accommodated the highest percentage of our data elements (76%), fared well on other requirements, and had broader terminology coverage than the other models. Sentinel and PCORnet fell short in content coverage with 37% and 48% matches respectively. Although SDTM accommodated a significant percentage of data elements (55% true matches), 45% of the data elements mapped to SDTM’s extension mechanism, known as Supplemental Qualifiers, increasing the number of joins required to query the data. Conclusion The OMOP CDM best met the criteria for supporting data sharing from longitudinal EHR-based studies. Conclusions may differ for other uses and associated data element sets, but the methodology reported here is easily adaptable to common data model evaluation for other uses.
Managing monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with many beliefs types

This paper considers a standard New Keynesian model with heterogeneous expectations on the future level of inflation and output. A biased perception of the target pursued by the Central Bank may arise due to idiosyncrasies in information processing, leading to heterogeneous beliefs about the target. We consider an arbitrarily large number of agents’ beliefs and apply the concept of Large Type Limit. We find that an increase in the sensitivity of agents in selecting the optimal prediction strategy or in the spread of beliefs is crucial for the extent of the Central Bank to stabilize the economy. When the predictors are largely dispersed around the target, the Taylor principle is a requisite for stability since it prevents the self-fulfilling reinforcement mechanism between the realizations of the relevant macroeconomic variables and the forecasts of the agents. When the set of beliefs is somehow anchored to the target, stability can be achieved with weaker monetary policy.
Asymmetric effects of housing wealth on college enrolment

We investigate the impact of housing wealth, credit availability and financial distress on college enrolment decisions. We find that housing wealth is negatively related to enrolment in public scho...
Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Resources

The goal of this chapter is to provide useful books, manuscripts, and white papers to assist individuals in their quality improvement and safety efforts.