cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thank You to JMPT Peer Reviewers for 2013

Abstract This article recognizes editorial board members and peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics in the year 2013 and provides a summary of international representation of the peer reviewers.
Managing common ground in the classroom: teachers use gestures to support students’ contributions to classroom discourse

Maintaining shared understanding in classroom interaction is challenging for both teachers and students. In this paper, we consider the role of teachers’ gestures in promoting shared understanding. Our specific aim was to document ways in which teachers use their own gestures to support students’ contributions to the classroom discourse. We present three illustrative cases that represent the range of variation in teachers’ use of speech (i.e., repeating the students’ speech vs. not speaking at all) and variation in the spatial positioning of the teacher, the student, and the referents of the student’s speech. We argue that teachers use gestures, both to ensure that they share common ground with the individual student who is speaking and to foster common ground among the class as a whole.
Monotertiarybutylhydroquinone effects on Tetrahymenapyriformis

Abstract The molecular toxicity of monotertiarybutylhydroquionone (TBHQ) was studied using Tetrahymena pyriformis as a model cell system. TBHQ at 26 ppm in the media inhibited cell growth by 50%. TBHQ inhibited the oxidation of 14 C-acetate to 14 CO 2 . In addition, increasing concentrations of TBHQ decreased the incorporation of 14 C-acetate into lipids and protein, 14 C-amino acids into protein, 3 H-uridine into RNA and 3 H-thymidine into DNA. The incorporation of 14 C-acetate into glycogen increased with concentrations up to 20 ppm TBHQ in the media while glycogen synthesis decreased with 40 ppm TBHQ.
Prospective Health Professions Students' Misperceptions About Pharmacists.

Public misperceptions about the pharmacy profession have the potential to impact pharmacy education, practice, and the health of those who pharmacists serve. Student misperceptions of the professio...
Performance Comparison of Active Rectifier Control Schemes in More Electric Aircraft Applications

In a more electric aircraft (MEA) design, the onboard electric generators are mechanically coupled directly to the jet engines, thus producing a variable-frequency constant magnitude voltage. This wild-frequency characteristic imposes a new design challenge on the onboard power converters. In this article, an experimental performance comparison between the model predictive and the proportional–integral (PI)-based control schemes for active rectifiers in MEA applications is presented. The comparison of the aforementioned controllers is executed under the MEA variable input frequency perspective for the first time and, therefore, constitutes the main contribution of this article. This comparison mainly addresses the dynamic response of the controllers in terms of dc-bus voltage regulation and unity power factor operation under frequency ramping, frequency step changes, and load step variations. Furthermore, the robustness of the controllers is analyzed in terms of their performance degradation in the presence of parameter mismatch. Both the model predictive and PI-based controllers are experimentally tested using a 1-kW SiC-MOSFET two-level voltage-source-converter topology.
Non-Traditional Community College Students’ Academic Pursuits: Time, Connectedness, Support, Wages and Research

ABSTRACT“I want to understand how they do this, and how can I?!” exclaimed a non-traditional aged student attempting to navigate a balance of her roles as a full-time employee and college student. ...
Statistical Methods for RNA Sequencing Data Analysis

ABSTRACT This chapter will review the statistical methods used in RNA sequencing data analysis, including bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing. RNA sequencing data analysis has been widely used in biomedical and biological research to identify genes associated with certain conditions or diseases. Many statistical methods have been proposed to analyze bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. Several studies have compared the performance of different statistical methods for RNA sequencing data analysis through simulation studies and real data evaluations. This chapter will summarize the statistical methods and the evaluation results for comparing different statistical analysis methods used for RNA sequencing data analysis. It will cover the statistical models, model assumptions, and challenges encountered in the RNA sequencing data analysis. It is hoped that this chapter will help researchers learn more about the statistical perspective of the RNA sequencing data analysis and enable them to choose appropriate statistical analysis methods for their own RNA sequencing data analysis.
Multi-Octave Supercontinuum and Sub-Two Cycle Pulse Compression using N 2 O-Filled Hollow-Core Fiber

The delayed optical nonlinearity of molecules is harnessed to generate a multi-octave supercontinuum and compress 280 fs pulses from a commercial Yb:KGW laser amplifier to sub-two cycle duration using an N 2 O filled hollow-core fiber.
Hydroclimatic variability drives submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient fluxes in an anthropogenically disturbed, semi-arid estuary.

Abstract Nutrient budgets in semi-arid estuaries, with ephemeral freshwater inflows and limited nutrient sources, are likely incomplete if contributions from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are not included. Here, the relative importance of saline/recirculated SGD-derived nutrient fluxes spatiotemporal variability to the overall nutrient budget is quantified for Nueces Bay, Texas, U.S.A., across hydroclimatic conditions ranging from drought to normal, to flood. On average, 67% of the variance in water quality is due to temporal differences while 16% is explained by spatial differences. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals three principal components: freshwater inflow (PC1 28.8%), saline/recirculated SGD and recycled nitrogen (PC2 15.6%), and total SGD and “new” nitrogen (PC3 11.2%). Total SGD porewater fluxes ranged from 29.9–690.3 mmol∙m−2d−1 for ammonium, 0.21–18.7 mmol∙m−2d−1 for nitrite+nitrate, 3.1–51.3 mmol∙m−2d−1 for phosphate, 57.1–719.7 mmol∙m−2d−1 for silicate, and 95.9–36,838.5 mmol∙m−2d−1 for dissolved organic carbon. Total and saline/recirculated SGD fluxes were on average 150–26,000 and 5.8–466 times, respectively, greater than surface runoff fluxes across all seasons. Nitrogen (N) enrichment in porewater occurs near the agricultural fields because of soil N flushing and percolation to groundwater, which facilitates N-rich groundwater fluxes. There were substantial “new” N inputs from terrestrial groundwater following precipitation while saline/recirculated SGD of recycled N accounts for only
Traumatic joint injury induces acute catabolic bone turnover concurrent with articular cartilage damage in a rat model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis

Assess acute alterations in bone turnover, microstructure, and histomorphometry following noninvasive anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR). Twelve female Lewis rats were randomized to receive noninvasive ACLR or Sham loading (n = 6/group). In vivo μCT was performed at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days postinjury to quantify compartment-dependent subchondral (SCB) and epiphyseal trabecular bone remodeling. Near-infrared (NIR) molecular imaging was used to measure in vivo bone anabolism (800 CW BoneTag) and catabolism (Cat K 680 FAST). Metaphyseal bone remodeling and articular cartilage morphology was quantified using ex vivo μCT and contrast-enhanced µCT, respectively. Calcein-based dynamic histomorphometry was used to quantify bone formation. OARSI scoring was used to assess joint degeneration, and osteoclast number was quantified on TRAP stained-sections. ACLR induced acute catabolic bone remodeling in subchondral, epiphyseal, and metaphyseal compartments. Thinning of medial femoral condyle (MFC) SCB was observed as early as 7 days postinjury, while lateral femoral condyles (LFCs) exhibited SCB gains. Trabecular thinning was observed in MFC epiphyseal bone, with minimal changes to LFC. NIR imaging demonstrated immediate and sustained reduction of bone anabolism (~15%-20%), and a ~32% increase in bone catabolism at 14 days, compared to contralateral limbs. These findings were corroborated by reduced bone formation rate and increased osteoclast numbers, observed histologically. ACLR-injured femora had significantly elevated OARSI score, cartilage thickness, and cartilage surface deviation. ACL rupture induces immediate and sustained reduction of bone anabolism and overactivation of bone catabolism, with mild-to-moderate articular cartilage damage at 14 days postinjury.
HSATII RNA is induced via a non-canonical ATM-regulated DNA-damage response pathway and facilitates tumor cell proliferation and movement

ABSTRACT Pericentromeric human satellite II (HSATII) repeats are normally silent, but can be actively transcribed in tumor cells, where increased HSATII copy number is associated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer, and in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells, where the RNA facilitates viral replication. Here, we report that HCMV infection or treatment of ARPE-19 diploid epithelial cells with the DNA-damaging agents, etoposide and zeocin, induced HSATII RNA expression, and a kinase-independent function of ATM was required for the induction. Additionally, various breast cancer cell lines growing in adherent, 2-dimensional cell culture expressed HSATII RNA at different levels, and levels were markedly increased when cells were either infected with HCMV or treated with zeocin. High levels of HSATII RNA expression correlated with enhanced migration of breast cancer cells, and knockdown of HSATII RNA reduced cell migration and the rate of cell proliferation. Our investigation links high expression of HSATII RNA to the DNA damage response, centered on a non-canonical function of ATM, and demonstrates a role for the satellite RNA in tumor cell proliferation and movement. SIGNIFICANCE HSATII RNA is associated with cancer progression, immunostimulation and, as we recently reported, it plays an important role in herpesvirus infections. However, the understanding of cellular processes responsible for the expression of HSATII RNA has been limited. Our current investigation identified a non-canonical, ATM kinase-independent DNA-damage response pathway as a common cellular mechanism regulating HSATII RNA induction in virus-infected cells or cells treated with DNA-damaging agents. Additionally, our study provides a link between expression of HSATII RNA and the cellular growth and migration phenotypes of cancer cells, establishing a new paradigm to study the biological consequences of HSATII RNA expression, i.e., treatment of normal diploid and tumor cells with DNA-damaging agents.
Response to David Meltzer's Paper on 'Hospitalists and the Doctor Patient Relationship'

The hospitalist movement, in which a generalist physician assumes the physician-of-record role for hospitalized patients in place of the patients' own primary physician, is transforming American hospital care. Studies, including those by Meltzer, support the premise that hospitalist care is less expensive and possibly of higher quality than inpatient care provided by primary physicians. Meltzer's survey of randomly selected individuals indicates that, although many would prefer that their own physician orchestrate their inpatient care, relatively few would pay more than $100 for this privilege. This indicates that patient dissatisfaction with the hospitalist model is unlikely to impede its widespread implementation. Hospitalists are just the latest example of the ongoing tension between generalism and specialization in American medicine. The hospitalist - unlike most traditional medical specialist - is actually a generalist by nature whose speciality is defined by the site of care rather than by organ, disease, patient population, or procedure.
Effective Leadership in Online Small Businesses: an Exploratory Case Study

The exploratory case study, with a positive deviance approach, was used to address the problem that online small business leaders lack effective leadership skills and actions. Generally, online small business leaders face challenges separate and unique from traditional ground business leaders and different than big e-commerce business leaders who are turning ground businesses to online global businesses. Specifically, online small business leaders lack effective leadership skills and actions to address the unique challenges of online small businesses, resulting in a 90% first-year failure rate. Ten online small business leaders answered interview questions to explore best practices and processes. Data analysis revealed six themes of online small business leadership qualities but not particular leadership qualities practiced by online small business leaders. The major six qualities of the online small business leaders in this study consisted of having a passion and intrinsic motivation for their work, having a heightened awareness of time and time management, maintaining old fashioned face-to-face interactions, historically having someone of positive influence in their lives, being adaptable to change, and having high problem-solving and decision-making skills. Based on these new findings, more exploration of how these online small business leadership qualities could contribute to higher success rates is recommended.
Rare variant association study of veteran twin whole-genomes links severe depression with a nonsynonymous change in the neuronal gene BHLHE22.

OBJECTIVES Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disease with known genetic associations, but without known links to rare variation in the human genome. Here we aim to identify rare genetic variants associated with MDD using deep whole-genome sequencing data in an independent population. METHODS We report the sequencing of 1,688 whole genomes in a large sample of male-male Veteran twins. Depression status was classified based on a structured diagnostic interview according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. Searching only rare variants in genomic regions from recent GWAS on MDD, we used the optimised sequence kernel association test and Fisher's Exact test to fine map loci associated with severe depression. RESULTS Our analysis identified one gene associated with severe depression, basic helix loop helix e22 (PAdjusted = 0.03) via SKAT-O test between unrelated severely depressed cases compared to unrelated non-depressed controls. The same gene BHLHE22 had a non-silent variant rs13279074 (PAdjusted = 0.032) based on a single variant Fisher's Exact test between unrelated severely depressed cases compared to unrelated non-depressed controls. CONCLUSION The gene BHLHE22 shows compelling genetic evidence of directly impacting the severe depression phenotype. Together these results advance understanding of the genetic contribution to major depressive disorder in a new cohort and link a rare variant to severe forms of the disorder.
Oncogene Products as Receptors

By studying the changes in cancerous cells that result in their ability to resist normal growth control mechanisms, it may be possible to elucidate certain processes relevant to carcinogenesis. An important realization involved the recognition of the role of changes in DNA in the induction of cancer. In karyotypic studies of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, Nowell and Hungerford described chromosomal aberrations associated with a type of neoplasia.(1) The connection between altered DNA and cancer was demonstrated more conclusively 20 years later, with the use of DNA transfection. Shih et al. applied high-molecular-weight DNA from carcinogen-induced tumors to monolayers of NIH 3T3 cells, which took up the DNA. Cells that developed malignant phenotypic features were isolated. Extracting the DNA from the primary transfectant cells and applying it to NIH 3T3 monolayers allowed for a second selection of the transformed phenotype.(2) The DNA of the secondary transfection retained the ability to transform the NIH 3T3 cells and therefore also retained the genetic information necessary for the transformation. Because the secondary transfectants contain only a small amount of DNA from the original tumorigenic donor, this DNA is thought to be critical for the development of malignancy (oncogenesis).
In Memory of Hegel, Philosopher among Toque Macaques

In memory of Hegel, who scaled the Buddha in his lifetime, who twined his tail among the stone tendrils and trunks of the hidden temple his kind inherited and he held, Hegel who found offerings sweet as all the other flowers. In memory of Hegel, philosopher among toque macaques and leader of his troop for more than five years, always kind to his mates, playful and gentle with his many offspring, Hegel of the black lips, quick orange eyes and upswept hair, the long-armed, short-legged lord of ancient fig trees, thick vines, and lagoons overgrown with lilies for whose bulbs he dove and braved the crocodile. In memory of Hegel, friend of Jeeves, Hegel who is no fable, his face in notebooks and on video, immortal, documented, Hegel for whom my eyes tear, even when his Wild Asia footage is rerun as a clip on Primary Emotions. In memory of Hegel, who died when monkey politics and show of teeth met shrieking will to power: Duci bit his face so deeply
Employment, Markets, Contracts, and the Scope of the Firm

We look at the economic functions of firms, contracts, and markets and characterize the optimal scope of the firm. Governance structures appear as equilibria and are compared in terms of production costs - determined by a tradeoff between standardization and adaptation - and adjustment costs - sometimes incurred when new prices have to be agreed upon. Under natural conditions, employment, markets, or sequential contracting weakly dominate all other equilibria. As firms become larger, gains from standardization come at the cost of increasingly poor adaptation, ultimately bounding their scope. The model rests on standard assumptions, is consistent with the managerial literature on the scope of the firm, and makes predictions based on factors that do not play a role in contemporary theories of the firm.
HESA: A Human-Centric Evolvable Situation-Awareness Model in Smart Homes

Situation Awarenessis a paradigm that contains data gathering, logic reasoning and responsive interaction to capture situations, which describe system states, from dynamic environments. Focusing on evolvability issue, we proposes a generic Situation Awareness System (SAS)model, called Human-centric Evolvable Situation-Awareness (HESA). In this paper, we present the HESA architecture, accommodation/evolution processes, and how we use Context/Situation Generation approach to provide human-centric fault-tolerant evolvability.
Mining alarm clusters to improve alarm handling efficiency

It is a well-known problem that intrusion detection systems overload their human operators by triggering thousands of alarms per day. As a matter of fact, IBM Research's Zurich Research Laboratory has been asked by one of our service divisions to help them deal with this problem. This paper presents the results of our research, validated thanks to a large set of operational data. We show that alarms should be managed by identifying and resolving their root causes. Alarm clustering is introduced as a method that supports the discovery of root causes. The general alarm clustering problem is proved to be NP-complete, an approximation algorithm is proposed, and experiments are presented.
Chapter 16 Are financial assets priced locally or globally

Abstract We review the international finance literature to assess the extent to which international factors affect financial asset demands and prices. International asset-pricing models with mean-variance investors predict that an asset's risk premium depends on its covariance with the world market portfolio and, possibly, with exchange rate changes. The existing empirical evidence shows that a country's risk premium depends on its covariance with the world market portfolio and that there is some evidence that exchange rate risk affects expected returns. However, the theoretical asset-pricing literature relying on mean-variance optimizing investors fails in explaining the portfolio holdings of investors, equity flows, and the time-varying properties of correlations across countries. The home bias has the effect of increasing local influences on asset prices, while equity flows and cross-country correlations increase global influences on asset prices.
Ubiquitin conjugation to cytochromes c. Structure of the yeast iso-1 conjugate and possible recognition determinants.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c was conjugated with ubiquitin (Ub) in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte extract (Fraction II). By N-terminal protein sequencing, it was found for both the mono- and diubiquitinated products that the major Ub attachment site is on Lys4 (residue 9) of the cytochrome c. Thus, the residue ubiquitinated in iso-1-cytochrome c is identical with that previously determined for the yeast iso-2 form (Sokolik, C. W., and Cohen, R. E. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9100-9107). For both cytochromes c, the proportions of diubiquitinated and higher order conjugates are drastically reduced when Ub is replaced with a Lys48→Arg variant, suggesting that the Ub-Ub moieties are linked predominantly through Lys48. Despite close similarities in structure and ubiquitination sites, conjugation to iso-2-cytochrome c is approximately 5-fold faster than for the iso-1 form; vertebrate cytochromes c are even poorer substrates, being ubiquitinated at only approximately 5 of the rate of the iso-2 protein. Comparison of several cytochrome c variants excludes alpha-N-acetylation or the identity of the N-terminal amino acid as the important recognition determinants in these reactions. The results, which include the finding that ferro and ferri-iso-2-cytochromes c are ubiquitinated equally, also are evidence against a simple correlation between ubiquitination efficiency and thermodynamic stability. Rather, the presence of a pair of lysines (Lys4-Lys5) within the relatively unstructured N-terminal extension of the yeast cytochromes c may be responsible for their preferential ubiquitination.
C-Mod: the next Alcator

Alcator C-Mod is a tokamak under construction at MIT that is expected to play an important and flexible role in the international fusion research effort. It will address many of the vital physics questions still unanswered in high-performance tokamak plasma behavior and allow investigation of innovative approaches to tokamak improvement. The physics and engineering features of the tokamak are described, with an overview of the machine and plasma configurations included. On the basis of empirical scaling laws, an impressive plasma confinement performance is predicted. >
The Psycho-Affective Echoes of Colonialism in Fieldwork Relations

Este articulo describe las variedades de relaciones con africanos inmigrantes entrevistados en Toscana tales como fueron experimentadas, por un entrevistador blanco, varon de los Estados Unidos. La discusion de Franz FANON de las consecuencias psico-afectivas del colonialismo es vital para la comprension acerca de como las nociones ingenuas y romanticas de relaciones de trabajo en el campo no son ingenuas, contraproductivas y quizas destructivas en un horizonte neo-colonial. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1401125
Public transit wage rates: Pre-Reagan and Reagan-Bush eras

This paper examines the earnings of public transit bus drivers for both the pre-Reagan and Reagan-Bush eras using Current Population Survey data. The findings show that union drivers were consistently paid a significant wage premium over nonunion drivers, a premium which also exceeded that for unionized private nontransport operatives — suggesting that special institutional features of the public transit industry have collectively conferred market power on unionized public transit workers. During the Reagan years, the earnings of public transit drivers, union and nonunion alike, rose relative to those of private and public nontransport operatives in spite of federally-spearheaded cost containment policies. In 1990, these earnings fell relative to those of private and public nontransport operatives, suggesting that the effects of these policies may be beginning to be felt.
Subnormal follicular-phase serum progesterone levels and elevated follicular-phase serum estradiol levels in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes ☆

In a search for possible hormonal reasons for the loss of protection from myocardial infarction seen in diabetic women, serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone were compared throughout a menstrual cycle (17 points) in eight healthy nonsmoking women and five otherwise healthy nonsmoking insulin-dependent diabetic women. The total length of the menstrual cycle and the lengths of the follicular and luteal phases did not differ between the groups. During the periovulatory and luteal phases, there was no significant intergroup difference with respect to any of the three hormones. During the follicular phase, in both groups, there was a plateau in serum progesterone concentration, with the level approximately 42% lower in the diabetic group (12.0 +/- 6.6 ng/dl versus 20.7 +/- 5.7; P less than 0.0001). Follicular-phase serum estradiol showed a rising curve in both groups; day-by-day comparison (days -10 to -3 before the luteinizing hormone peak) showed consistently higher levels in the diabetic group (mean, 108 pg/ml versus 95 pg/ml; P less than 0.001). The follicular-phase serum estradiol to progesterone ratio was nearly twice as high in the diabetic group as in the normal group (8.9 versus 4.6), a difference that was highly significant. The finding of elevated serum estradiol and subnormal serum progesterone concentrations during the follicular phase is so far unique to women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The possibility that this pronounced abnormality in diabetic women may be related to coronary disease merits testing in suitable in vivo and in vitro models of atherogenesis.
BEST-MATCHING PROTOCOL FOR COOPERATION REQUIREMENT PLANNING IN DISTRIBUTED ASSEMBLY NETWORKS

Abstract Current assembly and disassembly networks create many challenges to the comprising enterprises due to their distributed nature. Furthermore, globalization has an added level of complexity for the cooperation between members of the supply networks. This article explores the implications of incorporating a Best-Matching protocol into the design of the extended framework Cooperation Requirement Planning (ECRP) in robotic assembly/disassembly. A Best-Matching enabled Cooperation Requirement Planning framework for enhanced conflict resolution and error recovery is developed. Recent research by PRISM Center members to facilitate ECRP is reviewed and expanded to include the benefits of incorporating best-matching into the decision making process. Implementation challenges to global networks are also discussed.
Optical harmonic generation from animal tissues by the use of picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses.

Second- and third-harmonic generations of femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses have been measured from chicken skin, muscle, and fat tissues. The magnitude of the harmonic signals showed a strong structural dependence with the signal from skin interface being the strongest. The polarization dependence of the signal was also measured and found to be consistent with the fact that the tissue samples were highly scattering random media. The second-harmonic- and third-harmonic-generation conversion efficiencies were found to be in the range of ~10−7 to ~10−10.
The metalloproteinase inhibitor Reck is essential for zebrafish DRG development

The neural crest is a migratory, multipotent cell lineage that contributes to myriad tissues, including sensory neurons and glia of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). To identify genes affecting cell fate specification in neural crest, we performed a forward genetic screen for mutations causing DRG deficiencies in zebrafish. This screen yielded a mutant lacking all DRG, which we named sensory deprived (sdp). We identified a total of four alleles of sdp, all of which possess lesions in the gene coding for reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein containing Kazal motifs (Reck). Reck is an inhibitor of metalloproteinases previously shown to regulate cell motility. We found reck function to be both necessary for DRG formation and sufficient to rescue the sdp phenotype. reck is expressed in neural crest cells and is required in a cell-autonomous fashion for appropriate sensory neuron formation. In the absence of reck function, sensory neuron precursors fail to migrate to the position of the DRG, suggesting that this molecule is crucial for proper migration and differentiation.
Emergence and reduction in chemistry: ontological or epistemological concepts?

In this paper I argue that the ontological interpretation of the concepts of reduction and emergence is often misleading in the philosophy of science and should nearly always be eschewed in favor of an epistemological interpretation. As a paradigm case, an example is drawn from the philosophy of chemistry to illustrate the drawbacks of “ontological reduction” and “ontological emergence,” and the virtues of an epistemological interpretation of these concepts.
Self-aligned VCSEL-microlens scanner with large scan range

This paper reports on the design, fabrication and optical characterization of a self-aligned microlaser scanning system consisting of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) source and a MEMS-actuated microlens scanner. The alignment and the spacing between the VCSEL and the MEMS scanner are achieved through lithographically patterned alignment grooves and precision micro-beads. Horizontal displacements of ±70 μm, corresponding to scanning angles of ±7°, have been demonstrated.
Do Deaf Persons have a Characteristic Psychometric Profile on the Wechsler Performance Scales

A meta-analysis of 21 studies that reported Wechsler Performance Scale (WPS) profiles for 25 samples of deaf subjects showed that a characteristic psychometric profile is found for deaf persons. The distinguishing characteristic of deaf persons' profiles is consistently lower means on Coding/Digit Symbol subtests relative to other Performance Scale subtests, as shown by effect sizes and between-sample analyses. Characteristic WPS profiles are affected by test administration procedures, presence of an additional handicapping condition, and by the use of norms based on deaf persons. These findings imply that WPS profiles have diagnostic utility for identifying additional handicapping conditions, but only when norms based on normal-hearing persons and appropriate administration procedures are used. This conclusion is limited because none of the studies in the literature examined WPS profile consistency in a statistically appropriate manner.
Measuring ocean circulation in the North Atlantic

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which carries warm water from the tropics to northern latitudes and brings dense, cold water back southward, is a major conveyer of heat and an important element of the climate system. Some scientists have worried that AMOC may slow down as Earth's climate warms, but more measurements of the current state of ocean circulation are needed to fully understand AMOC dynamics. Using yearly hydrographic measurements in the North Atlantic at 59.5°N latitude and satellite altimetry data from 2002 through 2008, Sarafanov et al. assessed the mean state of the summer circulation in between Cape Farewell in Greenland and the Greenland-Scotland ridge and quantified transports in the upper ocean, middepth, and deep currents. The measurements contribute to the understanding of ocean circulation dynamics in the northern North Atlantic and provide a benchmark for numerical models. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, doi:10.1029/2011JC007572, 2012)
Small silicon memories: confinement, single-electron,. and interface state considerations

Memories that utilize single-electron effects are an attempt at combining the discreteness observable in transport of electrons on to very small capacitances (∼10-18 F) and into three-dimensionally quantum-confined states, with the reproducibility, architecture and integration of the field-effect devices. We discuss the role size plays in the operation and its variability for such memories. In particular, we discuss the implications of size effects through barriers on speed; through electrostatics on variability, acceptability and reproducibility of properties desired; through random variations and of tunneling on limits in the use of the field-effect, and through interface-states on the time-domain operation. For device properties and their variations, using silicon-on-insulator substrates, silicon and back-insulator thicknesses matter through the linear variations introduced in the electrostatic potential and quadratic variations introduced in the subband energies, the quantum-dots and nano-crystals matter secondarily through the electrostatics and the linear dependence of capacitance on size and the quadratic dependence of the allowed eigen-energies on size. We also discuss the implications of tunneling on time constants of charging of the confined states and in between the source and the drain for the ultimate structure size limit.
A verbal and visual analysis of the 1980 Houston republican presidential primary debate

This article provides a verbal and visual content analysis of the 1980 Houston primary debate between Ronald Reagan and George Bush. A number of verbal factors are examined relating to message unequivocality, message ambiguity, and message reasoning strategies. In addition, various visual characteristics associated with the debate are reviewed, some presumably under the control of the candidates and others under the control of the broadcast crew. Results of the analysis are given, as well as recommendations for future research.
Emitter quantization and double hysteresis in resonant-tunneling structures: A nonlinear model of charge oscillation and current bistability

The effects of emitter quantization on the current-voltage $(I\ensuremath{-}V)$ characteristics of conventional double-barrier resonant tunneling structures (RTS's) are investigated by numerical, graphical, and analytical methods. Different stability and degrees of emitter quantization can lead to a host of different I--V characteristics in the negative differential resistance (NDR) region. Among these are simple NDR, NDR with a rising plateaulike region and well-separated double hysteresis, and NDR with a falling plateaulike region and well-separated double hysteresis. The ratio of the main hysteresis width to the secondary hysteresis width can vary between 1 and \ensuremath{\infty}. The use of large enough spacer layers can eliminate the hysteresis and plateaulike behavior. Our numerical results for RTS's are analyzed by employing graphical (based on simulated quantum-well charge) and analytical methods, and compared with experiments. We introduce a nonlinear physical model which is solved analytically for the limit cycle solution. The limit cycle predicts a rising average current, whereas the nonoscillatory solution predicts a falling current in the plateau region as a function of bias. The limit cycle also predicts a monotonically decreasing amplitude of the current oscillation as a function of bias in the plateau region. The fundamental frequency increases, reaches a maximum, and sharply decreases to zero as a function of bias in the plateau region. These analytical results agree with experiments and numerical simulations. The origin of inductive delay in RTS's is further clarified. We believe we have resolved in fine detail the controversy about the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics of conventional RTS's. A prescription for this structure to operate as an all solid-state THz source is also given.
Epicubenol synthase. origin of the oxygen atom of a bacterial sesquiterpene alcohol

Incubation of epicubenol synthase with farnesyl pyrophosphate in the presence of 11.1 atom% H2(18)O gave epicubenol (2) in which the hydroxyl oxygen atom was shown to be derived exclusively from water, as established by GC-selected ion monitoring MS of the derived TMS-epicubenol derivative (15).
Temporal effects of estradiol (E) on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LH release in castrated male sheep

We tested the hypothesis that rapidly expressed inhibitory effects of estradiol (E) on luteinizing hormone (LH) release in the male are attributable, in part, to suppression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release. Hypophyseal-portal cannulated, castrated male sheep were infused with E (15 ng/kg/hr) or vehicle. Portal and jugular blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 4 hr before, and for either 12 hr (E, n = 4; vehicle, n = 4) or 24 hr (E, n = 8; vehicle, n = 3) after the start of infusion. In animals sampled for 16 hr, temporal changes in both LHRH and LH were assessed. In animals sampled for 28 hr, only LH data were analyzed. Before either the 12-hr or 24-hr infusion, LHRH and/or LH mean concentrations, pulse amplitude and interpulse interval (IPI) did not differ between E- and vehicle-infused animals. In animals sampled for 16 hr, no effects of time or steroid × time interactions were detected for mean LHRH and LHRH pulse amplitude; however, both were greater (P < 0.01) in vehicle-infused than in E-infused males. LHRH IPI was unaffected by infusion. In contrast, both mean LH and LH pulse amplitude declined (P < 0.01) within 4–8 hr after the start of E infusion, whereas mean LH IPI was unaffected. In animals sampled for 28 hr, an effect of time (P < 0.01) and a steroid × time interaction (P < 0.01) was detected for mean LH, and there was an effect of time (P < 0.01) on LH pulse amplitude. Mean LH IPI was not affected. Our results show that in male sheep E rapidly reduces LH release in the absence of a detectable change in LHRH release.
A comment on Melosh transformation and the photoproduction of resonances

Abstract The free-field Melosh transformation implies the vanishing of the (quark orbital angular momentum) ΔLz = 2 term in the phototransition matrix elements of resonances. This is in agreement with up-to-date phenomenological analyses of photoproduction data.
Inhibition of an oligomycin-sensitive ATPase by cationic dyes, some of which are atypical uncouplers of intact mitochondria.

Abstract The inhibition of an oligomycin sensitive ATPase prepared from bovine heart submitochondrial particles ( J. A. Berden and M. M. Voorn-Brouwer, 1978 , Biochim. Biophys. Acta 501 , 424–439) by a number of cationic dyes has been compared in order to develop a structure-function relationship. Two generalizations emerge from this comparison. First, the most effective dyes have net positive charge at neutral pH; and second, those dyes containing alkyl substituted secondary and tertiary amino groups are more effective than analogs with primary aromatic amino groups. Some of the cationic dyes exhibit uncoupling activity when added to intact rat liver mitochondria, stimulating both State 4 respiration and the latent ATPase activity. The order of effectiveness and concentrations for maximal stimulation of respiration are: coriphosphine (0.3 μ m ), Nile blue A (0.5 μ m ), pyronin Y (0.8 μ m ), and acridine orange (10 μ m ). Atypically, oligomycin inhibits the stimulation of respiration by these cationic acid uncouplers. The order of effectiveness and concentrations for maximal stimulation of the latent ATPase are: Nile blue A (2 μ m ), pyronin Y (8 μ m ), acridine orange (25 μ m ), and coriphosphine (75 μ m ). At concentrations greater than those shown for maximal stimulation, the uncoupling dyes inhibited respiration and the latent ATPase. The cationic dyes tested that were not uncouplers are inhibitors of respiration and the latent ATPase of intact mitochondria at all concentrations tested.
Hemorrhagic cystitis associated with turpentine ingestion

Abstract This is a case report of hemorrhagic cystitis possibly secondary to turpentine ingestion.
The Effect of Chain Architecture on the Dynamics of Copolymers in a Homopolymer Matrix: Lattice Monte Carlo Simulations using the Bond‐Fluctuation Model

The effects of copolymer sequence distribution on the dynamics of a copolymer in a homopolymer matrix are studied using computer simulations within the framework of the bond-fluctuation model on blends containing low concentrations (10%) of copolymers dispersed in a homopolymer matrix. The sequence distribution of the two copolymer components was changed while maintaining the overall copolymer composition at 30/50. Our results indicate that copolymers with disordered sequence distributions exhibit dynamics that are faster than that of a homopolymer melt, while those with ordered sequence distributions exhibit a tendency to form aggregates that lead to slower dynamics as well as phase separation. Analysis of the structure suggests that copolymers with an alternating sequence distribution form large aggregates that are short-lived, while diblocks form permanent micelle-like structures. Analysis of the local composition around a copolymer molecule indicates that aggregation between copolymer chains has a direct impact on the local composition. This in turn has a significant impact on system dynamics. Our results indicate that the dynamics of random, random-blocky, and alternating copolymers are nearly identical and are faster than that of a homopolymer melt. However, alternating copolymers form aggregates and hence are not uniformly distributed throughout the matrix phase. Thus, alternating copolymers are at a disadvantage in their ability to be effective compatibilizers. From a dynamic perspective, copolymers with random and random-blocky copolymers seem to be ideal compatibilizers since they are distributed uniformly throughout the system and move rapidly through the matrix phase.
Purification and partial characterization of a 19 KD/pI 4.5 nucleolar phosphoprotein

Abstract Two-dimensional PAGE analysis of proteins associated with the slowly sedimenting “fibrillar” structures of HeLa nucleoli revealed a protein with a M r of 19,000 and a pI of 4.5 which was highly labeled both with 32 P-orthophosphate and 35 S-methionine. The protein was isolated from Novikoff hepatoma nucleoli by extraction in 0.35 M NaCl and 5 mM DTT followed by chromatography in EDTA on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The protein was homogeneous with respect to two-dimensional PAGE, number of tryptic peptides and carboxyl terminal analysis. The protein contained an acidic/basic amino acid ratio of 2.1, 7 residues of methionine, 2 residues of cysteine, a blocked amino terminus and a carboxyl terminal lysylleucine.
Lithium diffusion at Si-C interfaces in silicon-graphene composites

Models of intercalated Li and its diffusion in Si-Graphene interfaces are investigated using density functional theory. Results suggest that the presence of interfaces alters the energetics of Li binding and diffusion significantly compared to bare Si or Graphene surfaces. Our results show that cavities along reconstructed Si surface provide diffusion paths for Li. Diffusion barriers calculated along these cavities are significantly lower than penetration barriers to bulk Si. Interaction with Si surface results in graphene defects, creating Li diffusion paths that are confined along the cavities but have still lower barrier than in bulk Si.
Progressive growth of a giant dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm after complete Hunterian occlusion of the posterior circulation: case report.

Objective and importance Dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms are often extremely difficult, if not impossible, to treat with microneurosurgical clip reconstruction. As such, a Hunterian strategy via vertebral or basilar artery sacrifice is often used. We have encountered a patient in whom deliberate bilateral vertebral artery sacrifice was insufficient to avoid progressive expansion of a giant dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm. On the basis of a review of the literature, we are unaware of another reported case. Clinical presentation A 60-year-old man presented with signs and symptoms of brainstem compression from a large fusiform aneurysm involving the distal dominant vertebral and proximal basilar arteries. Results of angiographic evaluation were highly characteristic of underlying dolichoectasia. Intervention The patient was treated initially with staged bilateral vertebral artery occlusion and adjunctive posterior circulation revascularization. After this therapy failed, he underwent a trapping procedure and aneurysm deflation. Conclusion Unclippable aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system are formidable lesions. They are not uniformly treatable by direct surgical reconstruction, and their growth is not consistently stabilized by the implementation of a complete Hunterian strategy. Future developments related to the use of endovascular stent technology may offer a more successful treatment approach for patients with these complex cerebrovascular lesions.
Maternal Dietary DHA Supplementation to Improve Inflammatory Outcomes in the Preterm Infant

Dietary DHA (22:6n-3) is a long-chain PUFA that has provocative effects on inflammatory signal events that could potentially affect preterm infant health. It is well known that the essential fatty acid of the (n-3) series; α-linolenic acid (18:3n:3) can be desaturated and elongated in the liver endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome to produce the 22-carbon DHA. Nevertheless, concern exists as to the efficiency of this mechanism in providing the preterm infant with adequate DHA. Activity of the δ-6-desaturase and the δ-5-desaturase necessary for DHA synthesis is decreased by protein deprivation. The combined effects of suboptimal intake of both DHA and protein in the preterm infants could have substantial clinical consequences.
Viral and bacterial minigene products are presented by MHC class I molecules with similar efficiencies.

Abstract MHC class I molecules present short peptides, usually 8–10 amino acids in length, to CD8+ T cells. These peptides are typically generated from full-length endogenously synthesized proteins degraded by the antigen processing machinery of the target cell. However, exogenous proteins, whether originating from intracellular bacteria or parasites or via phagocytosis during cross-presentation, can also be processed for presentation by MHC class I molecules. It is currently not known whether endogenously synthesized proteins and proteins acquired from exogenous sources follow the same presentation pathway. One clue that the processing pathways followed by endogenous and exogenous proteins may not be identical is the vastly different presentation efficiencies reported for viral versus bacterial antigens. Because class I antigen processing involves multiple steps, we sought to determine where in the processing pathway these differences in efficiency occur. To accomplish this, we expressed identical minimal peptide determinants from viral and bacterial vectors using a minigene expression system and determined the rate of peptide-MHC generation per molecule of minigene product synthesized. We found that peptides expressed from either the viral or bacterial vector were presented with virtually identical efficiencies. These results suggest that differences in the processing pathways followed by endogenous versus exogenous proteins most likely occur at a point prior to where free peptide is liberated from full-length protein.