cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of a Sprint optimization and training intervention on time spent in the electronic health record (EHR).

Objective We report the influence of Sprint electronic health record (EHR) training and optimization on clinician time spent in the EHR. Materials and methods We studied the Sprint process in one academic internal medicine practice with 26 providers. Program offerings included individualized training sessions, and the ability to clean up, fix, or build new EHR tools during the 2-week intervention. EHR usage log data were available for 24 clinicians, and the average clinical full-time equivalent was 0.44. We used a quasi-experimental study design with an interrupted time series specification, with 8 months of pre- and 12 months of post-intervention data to evaluate clinician time spent in the EHR. Results We discovered a greater than 6 h per day reduction in clinician time spent in the EHR at the clinic level. At the individual clinician level, we demonstrated a time savings of 20 min per clinician per day among those who attended at least 2 training sessions. Discussion We can promote EHR time savings for clinicians who engage in robust EHR training and optimization programs. To date, programs have shown a positive correlation between participation and subjective EHR satisfaction, efficiency, or time saved. The impact of EHR training and optimization on objective time savings remains elusive. By measuring time in the EHR, this study contributes to an ongoing conversation about the resources and programs needed to decrease clinician EHR time. Conclusions We have demonstrated that Sprint is associated with time savings for clinicians for up to 6 months. We suggest that an investment in EHR optimization and training can pay dividends in clinician time saved.
Modeling of Sources and Power Electronic Converters Installed in a Medium Voltage AC/DC Testbed

Increases in computing power and advanced computer modeling software have expanded the opportunity for research to be conducted on power system architectures without the need for actual hardware. This provides flexibility by allowing the user to design models of individual components that can then be integrated together or effortlessly interchanged depending on the function or testbed design that is being studied. However, before these simulated components can be used for testing purposes, they must first be verified and validated (V&V) to show that they can perform their intended task or function. The UTA Intelligent Distributed Energy Analysis Laboratory (IDEAL) testbed consists of multiple components that are representative of hardware found in many power system applications. This effort shows the process of V&V of a motor-generator set and a DC/DC power supply by preparing computer models representative of this hardware in Simulink® and then showing that the results from these models accurately predicts the hardware's behavior for specific cases with predefined output variable requirements.
Using Technology to Deepen and Extend Visitors’ Interactions with Dioramas

Working from the premise that dioramas are portals into ecosystems past and present, we examine the affordances of technology to help visitors step through these portals into a richer understanding of ecosystems. We first describe what we mean by a richer understanding of ecosystems. Using three examples we illustrate the basic affordances of dioramas for model-based learning and the use of technology to enhance visitor interactions with the ecosystems they represent. We conclude with a discussion of principled ways of using technology to facilitate model-based learning by deepening visitors’ engagement with the diorama and extending the experience beyond the visit.
Meteorites and Their Parent Asteroids

Bodies in our solar system have different oxygen isotope signatures, which have now been used to clarify that a collision involving the asteroid Vesta led to two major groups of meteorites.
High-Temperature Structure and Properties of Grain Boundaries

The evolution of polycrystalline microstructures under the driving forces of temperature and stress, i.e., during grain growth and plastic deformation, is controlled by the high-temperature structure and dynamical behavior of grain boundaries (GBs). These microstructural processes, driven by temperature and/or stress, involve three distinct types of dynamical GB phenomena, namely GB diffusion, GB migration and GB sliding. All three are known to depend strongly on the GB energy. A better understanding of microstructural evolution in terms of the behavior of the individual interfaces therefore requires insight on the interrelation among GB structure, GB energy and these dynamical GB processes.
A Focus on Literacy in Home Day Care

A survey was conducted to look at some of the basic activities and materials of the literacy environments in home day care centres in St Joseph County, Indiana, USA. The literacy environments of pr...
Palliative Care Symptom Management

Aggressively managing the symptoms of patients with critical life-limiting illness or terminal disease can improve the quality of life for patients and loved ones, regardless of how much time they have remaining. Palliative symptom management approaches disease in a holistic manner, addressing not only the physical aspect of symptoms but also the psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of suffering for total symptom relief. Pain is the most common reason for critical care palliative consultation, and using the World Health Organization Pain Ladder to systematically quantify, treat, and titrate pain is effective. Options include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment.
Morphine and naloxone effects on tonic immobility and the dorsal immobility response in the rat.

Abstract Adult male Wistar rats treated with morphine sulfate (0.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg, SC) showed a dose-dependent potentiation of tonic immobility (TI) and dorsal immobility response (DIR) durations. Naloxone (4.0 mg/kg, SC) did not affect the DIR durations but reversed the potentiated morphine effects on both TI and DIR. These results suggest that although opiate receptors may be involved, μ-opiate receptor function is not essential for modulating various complex immobility responses.
Object construction and destruction design patterns in Fortran 2003

Abstract This paper presents object-oriented design patterns in the context of object construction and destruction. The examples leverage the newly supported object-oriented features of Fortran 2003. We describe from the client perspective two patterns articulated by Gamma et al. [1]: abstract factory and factory method. We also describe from the implementation perspective one new pattern: the object pattern. We apply the Gamma et al. patterns to solve a partial differential equation, and we discuss applying the new pattern to a quantum vortex dynamics code. Finally, we address consequences and describe the use of the patterns in two open-source software projects: ForTrilinos and Morfeus.
Beyond the badass: Electronic Dance Music meets film music practice

Perhaps the most recent resource made available to film music is the popular musical idiom and practice known as Electronic Dance Music (EDM). Three typical categories of interaction and influence can be traced out: non-EDM practitioner film composers who make use of the EDM idiom in their scores, the EDM practitioner as composer, and the use of pre-existing EDM tracks. Little scholarly attention has been given to an analysis of the way these three categories of EDM interaction play out in films, particularly in terms of the formal construction of the music and the diverse functions they serve in the film. Relying on close formal analysis of multiple films and the work of music theorist Mark J. Butler, this paper identifies a key set of EDM practices incorporated into film music practice: sampling, beat manipulation, and layering and looping. This paper also argues that the use of EDM goes beyond simply signaling excitement or connoting ‘the badass’. Instead, EDM practices have been combined in numerous p...
Vaginal radiation brachytherapy to reduce central recurrence after radical hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma

Abstract Seventeen (17%) of one hundred and two patients were treated with radiation brachytherapy (without external-beam therapy) to the proximal vagina to reduce the possibility of central pelvic recurrence following radical hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma. The 17 were considered to be at greater risk of developing recurrent cancer in the central pelvis because the cancer invaded halfway through the cervix; however, no lesions extended beyond the cervix, nor were metastases to lymph nodes present or surgical margins involved. The brachytherapy treatment was evaluated for prevention of central pelvis recurrence and for related complications. The 17 women treated with radiation brachytherapy were also compared with 74 patients who did not receive brachytherapy after radical hysterectomy because their cancers were smaller and did not invade halfway through the cervix. Both groups were similar with respect to age (41 and 40 years, respectively), weight (69.5 and 65.9 kg), operative characteristics, and the proportions of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Recurrences have not been observed among the patients treated with brachytherapy during a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 9–92 months). No complications were attributed to the brachytherapy. However, two patients with large tumors refused adjuvant brachytherapy and suffered central pelvic recurrences. Brachytherapy in selected patients following radical hysterectomy was safely administered and appeared to reduce the risk of central pelvic recurrence.
Effects of bromocriptine on plasma testosterone and gonadotropin levels and testicular lipid fractions in adult rats

Bromocriptine treatment of adult male rats resulted in a decrease in testicular testosterone (T) content and a reduction in plasma T levels. This was accompanied by increase in testicular total lipids and cholesterol and depletion of testicular phospholipids.
Variation and Change in Optimality Theory

Abstract This paper puts forward an optimality-theoretic explanation for the structure-dependence of synchronic variation and diachronic change. The approach is illustrated by modelling two well-documented phonological changes in detail. The model combines invariant regularities, variable regularities and statistical preferences in a seamless fashion by means of partially ordered constraint sets. Diachronic change is visualized in terms of grammar lattices (inventories of possible grammars) induced by universal and language-particular rankings.
Relaxation time measurements of bulk water in packed mammalian density-dependent and -independent cells grown in culture

Measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times of bulk water have been made at 30 MHz for several species of mammalian density-dependent and -independent (transformed) cells grown in culture and packed under controlled conditions. Only one component of relaxation time was resolved in each case. The T1 and T2 values appear to depend primarily on the amount of cellular water, and not to be due to trace paramagnetic metal ions. While the average value of the T1 for the density-independent cells (1.24 ± 0.25 sec, 28 values) was lower than that for the density-dependent cells (1.31 ± 0.31 sec, 18 values) the difference was not significant. Changes in T1 values were also not significant when either class of cell was nonviable or lysed. The T1 and T2 values of the corresponding cell supernatant solutions were always longer (ca. 2.7 sec).
AFSCN scheduling: How the problem and solution have evolved

The Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) coordinates communications to more than 100 satellites via nine ground stations positioned around the globe. Customers request an antenna at a ground station for a specific time window along with possible alternative slots. Typically, 500 requests per day result in more than 100 conflicts, which are requests that cannot be satisfied because other tasks need the same slot. Scheduling access requests is referred to as the Satellite Range Scheduling Problem (SRSP). This paper presents an overview of three key issues: (1) how has the problem changed over the last 10 years, (2) what algorithms work best and (3) what objective function is appropriate for AFSCN. We compared data sets from 1992 and from 2002/2003 and found significant differences in the problems. Our evaluation of solutions focuses on three algorithms: local search, Gooley's algorithm from AFIT, and the Genitor genetic algorithm. It can be shown that local search (and therefore metaheuristics based on local search) fail to compete with Gooley's algorithm and Genitor. Finally, while all prior work on AFSCN minimizes request conflicts, we explore an alternative objective function. Because human schedulers must eventually schedule all requests, it might be better to optimize schedules for ''repairability''. Our results suggest that minimizing schedule overlaps makes it easier to fit larger requests into the schedule.
Utilization of double-step shear strain experiments in the evaluation of rheological constitutive equations

Abstract An experimental program is proposed to provide a critical test of how well any proposed constitutive equation is able to correct defects in the predictive capabilities of the K-BKZ theory. The experimental program involves using the measured shear stresses from an appropriate sequence of double-step shear strain experiments.
The Use of Video Modeling, Prompting, and Feedback to Increase Credit Card Promotion in a Retail Setting

We evaluated the use of video modeling, role play, prompting, and feedback to increase credit card promotion by sales associates in a retail setting. We first used the Performance Diagnostic Checklist (Austin, 2000) to identify the variables contributing to the poor performance of two sales associates. Based on the results, we developed an intervention package that included a video model, instructional prompt cards, role play, and feedback. During baseline, target employees asked a mean of 26% of customers to enroll in the credit card program. Following intervention, target employees asked a mean of 84% of customers to enroll in the credit card program. Furthermore, employees rated the intervention as enjoyable, as effective, and as a system that they would continue to use. The results illustrate the effectiveness of video modeling, prompting, and feedback in increasing credit card promotions and delivering critical information about the card to daily customers.
High throughput quantitation of artesunate and its degradation products by flow injection gradient ratio standard addition mass spectrometry (FI-GRSA-MS)

There is a pressing need to equip post-marketing drug quality surveillance systems with higher throughput and robust analytical tools that can reinforce pharmaceutical quality control to ensure safety of patients and integrity of treatment practices. This manuscript reports the development of a flow injection analysis mass spectrometry-based gradient ratio standard addition (FI-GRSA-MS) method for quantification of artesunate, a common antimalarial active pharmaceutical ingredient in a simple, efficient, accurate, and high throughput manner. Dodecylamine (DDA) was evaluated as an electrospray modifier for improving the sensitivity of the GRSA quantitation method. The linear dynamic range and precision for artesunate quantification were found to be 7 ng to 86 pg artesunate and 2.1%, respectively. When compared to high performance liquid chromatography, results were found to be equivalent at the 95% confidence level. To identify chemical markers of improper drug storage and artesunate degradation, tablets were artificially exposed to heat for time periods ranging between 1 and 12 hours and the degradation products detected were identified via accurate mass and isotopic cluster abundance measurements. Moreover, degradation behavior of artesunate tablets from two different manufacturers under identical degradation conditions was investigated, indicating that tablet formulation plays a significant role in the shelf life of these valuable medicines.
ON CRITERIA FOR ASSIGNING MODELS TO ASSEMBLY LINES

SUMMARY The advantages of progressive assembly of products have been evident to industry for many years. The problem addressed in this paper is to assign models to several mixed model lines so as to minimize the assembly costs associated with each line. Criteria are developed which represent costs affected by mixed model assembly. These include balance delay, learning, and a type of inefficiency introduced in this paper called sequence delay. When the criteria are combined, the result is a quantitative measurement of assignment effectiveness in terms of predicted mixed model assembly costs. Typical applications are given demonstrating the consequences of the criteria and their scope of utilization. In addition, a heuristic procedure for assigning models to lines is given. Through an actual example, the applicability of the procedure is demonstrated. The solution, while not optimal, yields assembly costs significantly lower than costs resulting from a large group of randomly generated assignments.
SU-E-T-165: Protocol for Simplified Radiochromic Film Dosimetry.

Purpose: Radiochromic film provides dose measurement at high spatial resolution, but often is not selected for routine evaluation of patient‐specific IMRT plans owing to ease‐of‐use factors. We have developed a simplified protocol that avoids complications encountered in commonly used methods. Methods: We evaluated the simplified protocol by collecting dose‐response data from six production lots of EBT3 film at doses up to 480 cGy. In this work, we used eight different scanners of two different models ‐ Epson 10000XL and V700; post‐exposure times before scanning from 30 minutes to 9 days; ambient temperatures for scanning spanning 23°F and two film orientations. Scanning was in 48‐bit rgb format at 72 dpi resolution. Dose evaluation was conducted using a triple‐channel dosimetry method. To validate the simplified protocol, patient specific IMRT QA was performed using a Varian Trilogy Linac to expose EBT3 films. Scanning and film analysis was done following the protocol. Results: The results indicated that the dose‐response data could be fit by a set of related rational functions leading to the description of a universal calibration curve. A simplified protocol was established where dose‐response data for a specific film lot, scanner, and scanning conditions could be derived from no more than two films exposed to known doses. In most cases only one calibrated exposure was required. Using the Gamma test criterion of 2%/2mm to evaluate the measurements, passing rates ranged between 95% and 99%. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a simplified protocol to measure doses delivered by an IMRT treatment plan using only the patient film, one calibration film, one unexposed film, and applying a single scan to acquire a digital image for calculation and analysis. The simplification and time‐savings provide a practical solution for using radiochromic film for routine IMRT QA without sacrificing spatial resolution for convenience. David Lewis, Andre Micke and Xiang Yu are all employed by Ashland Specialty Ingredients the manufacturer of GAFCHROMIC EBT3 radiochromic film that is the subject of the work presented in the Abstract
The 9p21 region in bladder cancer cell lines: large homozygous deletions inactivate the CDKN2, CDKN2B and MTAP genes

Homozygous and hemizygous deletions of 9p21 are the earliest and most common genetic alteration in bladder cancer. The identification of two cell cycle regulators, CDKN2 and CDKN2B, that map to the common region of deletion has prompted the hypothesis that they are critical tumor suppressor genes in this malignancy. However, controversy as to whether these genes are the only or even the most important target in bladder cancer oncogenesis remains. To more clearly determine the effect of these 9p21 alterations, we mapped the homozygous deletions and performed a detailed mutational and expression analysis for CDKN2, CDKN2B and a closely linked gene, methylthioadenoside phosphorylase (MTAP), in 16 established bladder cancer cell lines. Nine of the 16 lines exhibit large (30 to >2000 kb) homozygous deletions on 9p21. All deletions include at least one exon of CDKN2, eight of nine include CDKN2B, and six of nine include MTAP. MTAP function correlates with the genomic deletions. SSCP and sequence analysis does not reveal any inactivating point mutations of CDKN2 or of CDKN2B in any of the cell lines without homozygous deletions, and all express the CDKN2 and the CDKN2B mRNA as well as the encoded p16 protein. The p16 protein levels vary widely and are correlated with absent pRb expression. We conclude that the 9p21 deletions in bladder cancer usually inactivate the CDKN2, CDKN2B, and MTAP genes but that CDKN2 is the most common target. Other mechanisms for inactivating this gene in bladder cancer appear to be uncommon.
THE RELATION OF ITEM DISCRIMINATION TO TEST RELIABILITY1

indicates that the reliability coefficient depends on three quantities: k, the number of items in the test; Spq, the sum of the item variances; and 0-2 the variance of the test scores. These three quantites are necessarily related. The larger the value of k, in general, the larger the values of Spq and (-2. But, for tests of usual length, it is variation from test to test in the value of 0-2 that is responsible for most of the observed variations in test reliability.
NanoPSE: Nanoscience Problem Solving Environment for atomistic electronic structure of semiconductor nanostructures

Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and their collaborators have developed over the past ~10 years a set of algorithms for an atomistic description of the electronic structure of nanostructures, based on plane-wave pseudopotentials and configurationinteraction. The present contribution describes the first step in assembling these various codes into a single, portable, integrated set of software packages. This package is part of an ongoing research project in the development stage. Components of NanoPSE include codes for atomistic nanostructure generation and passivation, valence force field model for atomic relaxation, code for potential field generation, empirical pseudopotential method solver, strained linear combination of bulk bands method solver, configuration interaction solver for excited states, selection of linear algebra methods, and several inverse band structure solvers. Although not available for general distribution at this time as it is being developed and tested, the design goal of the NanoPSE software is to provide a software context for collaboration. The software package is enabled by fcdev, an integrated collection of best practice GNU software for open source development and distribution augmented to better support FORTRAN.
Successful bone marrow transplantation in a girl with Fanconi anemia and preterminal renal failure.

Successful bone marrow transplantation in a girl with Fanconi anemia and preterminal renal failure
Dystonia in a patient with deletion of 18q.

This is the first reported case of dystonia with a partial deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 18. Neurologic findings in the 18q- syndrome include mental retardation, seizures, nystagmus, incoordination, tremor, and chorea. A 36-year-old woman with an 18q terminal deletion [Karyotype 46, XX, del (18)(q22.2)] had hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, borderline intelligence, short stature, short neck, sensorineural hearing loss, and sensorimotor axonal neuropathy. Parents' Karyotypes were normal. She had had incoordination and writing difficulty since childhood. Posturing and tremor of the head began at age 16, followed by arm tremors. She had jaw deviation and tremor, neck tremor with retrocollis, involuntary pronation of the right arm, coarse postural and severe action tremor, and tight pen grip with dystonic wrist extension on writing. The 18q- syndrome should be added to the list of genetic causes of secondary dystonia. A karyotype analysis should be considered in secondary dystonias, particularly when there are associated features such as short stature and endocrinopathies.
Putting the Pieces Together: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding the Decision to Contract Out and Contractor Performance

Abstract Contracting out is currently one of the most prevalent mechanisms of the privatization movement. Understanding its trends and rigorously analyzing its implications is an increasingly salient issue for public management research. This article builds a multi-stage theoretical framework addressing two broad research questions. The first is to identify the array of economic, political, organizational, and institutional factors that may impact a government agency's decision to contract out. The second is to detail the various organizational and environmental factors influencing contractor performance. Particular attention is paid to effective contract monitoring and its relationship to contractor performance.
Perinatal toxicity and metabolism of n-hexane in Fischer-344 rats after inhalation exposure during gestation.

Abstract Repeated exposure of adult rats to n -hexane produces a central and peripheral neuropathy which may be mediated through metabolic activation to methyl n -butyl ketone (MBK) and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD). The perinatal toxicity of n -hexane and its metabolism in the pregnant rat have not been investigated. Pregnant rats were exposed for 6 hr per day to 1000 ppm n -hexane on Days 8–12, 12–16, or 8–16 of gestation. No significant alterations in fetal resorptions, body weights, visible anomalies, and the incidence of soft tissue and skeletal anomalies were noted in any of the treatment groups. The postnatal growth of pups born from dams exposed to 1000 ppm n -hexane 6 hr/day on Days 8–16 of gestation was significantly depressed compared to controls up to 3 weeks after birth (mean treated litter weight 13.9% less than control at 3 weeks). Litter weights of treated pups had returned to control values by 7 weeks after birth. n -Hexane was metabolized to MBK and 2,5-HD in pregnant rats exposed to 1000 ppm n -hexane on Day 20 of gestation. Concentrations of the three compounds in the fetus were approximately equal to those in maternal blood at all times after exposure. The half-life of 2,5-HD in maternal blood was significantly greater than n -hexane and MBK (3.90 hr vs 1.24 and 0.99 hr, respectively). Thus, n -hexane and its metabolites MBK and 2,5-HD may have only a minimal potential to alter perinatal development of rats.
Tests of planar permanent magnet multipole focusing elements

Abstract In recent work, planar configurations of permanent magnets were proposed as substitutes for conventional current-driven iron quadrupoles in applications limited by small aperture sizes and featuring small beam occupation diameters. Important examples include the configuring of focusing lattices in small-gap insertion devices, and the implementation of compact mini-beta sections on linear or circular machines. In subsequent analysis, this approach was extended to sextupoles and higher-order multipoles. In this paper we report initial measurements conducted at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center on recently fabricated planar permanent magnet quadrupoles and sextupoles configured out of SmCo and NdFe/B.
Novel surface coatings for antibody attachment to surface plasmon resonance sensors

Multiple layers were attached to the gold surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor to maximize the antibody loading and the specific signal of an antigen, while minimizing non-specific signal from full serum proteins. A three-fold improvement of the specific signal from myoglobin and a three-fold decrease of non-specific signal from serum were observed using the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (NHS-MHA) compared to the currently commercially available carboxymethylated dextran. Self-assembled monolayers were attached to the gold surface. 2-mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 4,4'-dithiodibutyric acid, 11- mercaptoundecanoic acid, and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid were investigated. The covalent attachment of the layers was monitored using SPR and GATR-FTIR. Antibodies to human myoglobin were covalently attached to the sensor using EDC / NHS chemistry and detection of 25 ng/mL myoglobin solution was monitored for the specific signal. Exposing the sensors with the layers to full bovine serum, protein concentration of 72 mg/mL, monitored non-specific signal. NHS-MHA was used to quantify proteins cell culture media with limits of detection below 1 ng/mL.
Wear of hard-turned AISI 52100 steel

High-precision machining such as hard turning changes the surface and the material properties of steel alloys. The near-surface material properties have been predicted from the known hard-turning cutting conditions. The effect of the predicted hard-turned surface and material properties on wear performance was analyzed in detail to develop a process-performance model. A sliding block-on-cylinder wear tester was used for the purpose of testing the wear performance of AISI 52100 bearing steel. The microstructure, surface roughness, residual-stress field, and loading conditions from each wear test were used to develop the process-performance model. The effect of microstructure on the wear performance of hard-turned steel showed that the white layer and overtempered martensite (OTM) had a higher wear resistance than martensite. The wear-mechanism dependence on the surface hardness was attributed to this increase in wear performance. The near-surface residual stress of the material was shown to become more compressive as the material wore down. The applied normal loads affected the surface roughness, residual stresses, and, in turn, the wear performance of the material. A process-performance model was developed to predict the wear performance of hard-turned steels, which considers the machining process and the operating conditions in sliding wear.
Molecular cloning and functional expression of a potassium channel cDNA isolated from a rat cardiac library

A full-length K+ channel cDNA (RHK1) was isolated from a rat cardiac library using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from K+ channel sequences conserved between Drosophila Shaker H4 and mouse brain MBK1. Although RHK1 was isolated from heart, its expression was found in both heart and brain. The RHK1-encoded protein, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, gated a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive transient outward current. This current is similar to the transient outward current measured in rat ventricular myocytes with respect to voltage-dependence of activation and inactivation, time course of activation and inactivation, and pharmacology.
Levels of theory-of-mind reasoning in competitive games

The literature on recursive theory of mind (TOM) reasoning in interactive decision making (reasoning of the type “I think that you think that I think…”) has been pessimistic, suggesting that adults attribute to others levels of reasoning that are low and slow to increase with learning. In four experiments with college-age adults playing sequential games, we examined whether choices and predictions were consistent with believing that others pursue their immediate self-interest, or with believing that others reason through their own decision making, with fixed-sum games that were simpler and more competitive. This manipulation led to higher-level default TOM reasoning; indeed, reasoning against a lower-level opponent was frequently consistent with assuming the opponent's reasoning to be higher-level, leading to sub-optimal choices. We conclude that TOM reasoning is not of a low level in all game settings; rather, individuals may display effective TOM reasoning, reflecting realistic assumptions about their opponents, in competitive and relatively simple games. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proper, reflecting and absorbing facts of complementary cones

A common approach in studying the linear complementarity problem is via the geometry of the complementary cones. In the case of nondegeneracy, the concept of a ‘proper facet’ and a ‘reflecting facet’ have proven useful. This paper extends these concepts to the degenerate case. Under degeneracy, a facet may turn out to be neither proper nor reflecting, but, a third type which we designate as ‘absorbing’. Previous results in this area can be easily extended using these more general definitions.
Genetic and Economic Implications of Single Trait Selection for Protein and Solids-Not-Fat

Abstract Yields of milk, fat, and protein in 2521 Guernsey lactations and milk, fat, and solids-not-fat in 7513 Holstein lactations were used to study genetic and phenotypic relationships. Alternative pricing methods were imposed on expected results of single trait selection as a guide for traits to use in selection plans. Repeatabilities ranged from .33 to .72. Heritabilities for percentages (.47 to .64) were higher than for yields (.07 to .38). Phenotypic correlations were .86 to .98 among yields, .48 to .52 among percentages, and -.25 to .36 among yields and percentages. Genetic correlations varied from .29 to .95 among yields, .52 to .67 among percentages, and -.75 to .74 among yields and percentages. Selection for milk yield after one generation should result in 50 to 90% of the genetic gain from direct selection for yields of fat, protein, and solids-not-fat. Selection for fat or protein percentage would decrease milk yield. Applying various pricing methods to selection programs indicated little difference in gross economic returns from selection within yield traits or within percentage traits. However, 10 to 20% greater gross economic returns could be expected from selecting for yield traits over selecting for percentage traits.
Little Brown Myotis Persist Despite Exposure to White-Nose Syndrome

Abstract We monitored a maternity colony of little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus on Fort Drum Military Installation in northern New York in 2009 and 2010 for impacts associated with white-nose synd...
Handle bases and bounds on the number of subgraphs

Abstract We define a handle basis for strongly connected digraphs. Such bases are similar to cycle bases, except that all but the first element is a simple path. We show that a subgraph of a diagraph is uniquely characterized by an integer valued function on the vertices (i.e., its boundary) and by the elements of a handle basis which it intersects. We then use this support-boundary uniqueness theorem to conclude that the number of subgraphs with a given boundary is at most 2d − 1, where d is the cyclomatic number of the digraph. If we require the subgraphs H to be cyclically simple, i.e., roughly, that no cycle has access to any other, then the number of such H with given boundary is at most 2d − 1. This generalizes the bound due to Foregger on the permanent of fully indecomposable nonnegative integer matrices. Studying a natural partial order on the handles yields a better bound on the permanent in a special case: when the handles are totally ordered, the permanent is bounded by a Fibonacci number.
Moral Enhancement and Self-Subversion Objections

Some say moral bioenhancements are urgent and necessary; others say they are misguided or simply will not work. I examine a class of arguments claiming that moral bioenhancements are problematic because they are self-subverting. On this view, trying to make oneself or others more moral, at least through certain means, can itself be immoral, or at least worse than the alternatives. The thought here is that moral enhancements might fail not for biological reasons, but for specifically morally self-referential reasons. I argue that moral bioenhancements, in a restricted set of cases, are self-subverting such that they are impermissible. Further, some moral bioenhancements would result in agents who are less admirable than they might have been through other means.
Physiological mechanisms of TRPC activation.

TRPC (canonical transient receptor potential) channels are vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila photoreceptor channel, TRP. Considerable research has been brought to bear on the seven members of this family, especially with regard to their possible role in calcium entry. Unfortunately, the current literature presents a confusing picture, with different laboratories producing widely differing results and interpretations. It appears that ectopically expressed TRPC channels can be activated by phospholipase C products (generally, diacylglycerols), by stimulation of trafficking to the plasma membrane, or by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Here, I discuss the possibility that these diverse experimental findings arise because TRPC channels can, under both experimental as well as physiological conditions, be activated in three distinct ways, possibly depending on their subunit composition and/or signaling complex environment. The TRPCs may be unique among ion-channel subunit families in being able to participate in the assembly and function of multiple types of physiologically important ion channels.
The effect of combined treatment with phenformin and stanazolol on blood lipids and fibrinolytic activity in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia

Abstract The effect of combined phenformin-stanazolol therapy on blood lipids and fibrinolytic activity was studied in 20 patients with essential hypertriglyceridaemia. Statistically significant reduction of triglyceride and cholesterol levels and significant increase of blood fibrinolytic activity were seen in the course of treatment.
Landscape characteristics, spatial extent, and breeding bird diversity in Ohio, USA

. Avian communities are often used by ecologists as indicators of environmental decline over large spatial areas, because of the ease with which birds can be monitored by nonprofessionals and the availability of continent-wide breeding bird data. The influence of scale on the relationship between bird diversity and the characteristics of the landscape, which can serve as proxies for decline, is receiving greater attention but is still not well understood. We combined data from the Breeding Bird Survey with landscape characteristics derived from the National Land Classification Data for Ohio, USA, to determine the effects of landscape extent on relationships between birds and landscape characteristics. These relationships were determined through previous work to be correlated with avian richness and diversity. We created areas of varying sizes using buffers around each of 58 routes, and calculated diversity for several groups of birds: all birds, five habitat guilds, and three migration guilds. The landscape extent over which landscape characteristics were considered affected the relationship between these characteristics and bird richness and diversity overall, as well as richness and diversity for several of the habitat and migratory guilds. Diversity of woodland birds, Neotropical migrants, and richness of short-distance migrants were best explained by the landscape characteristics examined here, possibly due to a less homogeneous collection of species in the other guild groups. These results suggest that more attention is required in selecting the appropriate scale when using landscape characteristics to predict or manage avian communities, as some characteristics may be more useful for management activities over small areas versus efforts over larger areas.
Planar arrays of synthetic fluid inclusions in spontaneously nucleated forsterite crystals grown at constant pressure and temperature in a hydrostatic environment

Abstract Planar arrays of H2O-CO2-NaCl fluid inclusions have been observed in synthetically produced forsterite crystals which were nucleated and grown at constant P and T in a hydrostatic environment. Planar inclusion arrays are only observed in two runs performed with fluid compositions of 0.31 and 0.26 mol% CO2 (moles CO2/(total moles fluid)) and 25 and 40 wt% NaCl relative to H2O, respectively. The origin of these inclusion arrays is probably related to the decoration of either 1. (1) irregular growth fronts formed during host growth or 2. (2) fractures resulting from stress buildup caused by lattice misfits formed during rapid host growth (as suggested by Roedder, 1984). The distinction between these two mechanisms determines whether these inclusions are of primary or pseudosecondary origin. Regardless of the mechanism, these experiments demonstrate that curved planar surfaces can be generated in a crystal growing under constant hydrostatic pressure-temperature conditions.
Imaging gene expression and endogenous molecular processes: molecular imaging.

Noninvasive molecular imaging has developed over the past decade and involves nuclear (positron emission tomography [PET], gamma camera), magnetic resonance, and optical imaging systems. Most current molecular imaging strategies are "indirect" and involve the coupling of a "reporter gene" with a complementary "reporter probe." Imaging the level of probe accumulation provides indirect information related to the level of reporter gene expression. Reporter gene constructs are driven by upstream promoter/enhancer elements; reporter gene expression can be leading to continuous transcription and used to identify the site of transduction and to monitor the level and duration of gene (vector) activity. Alternatively, reporter gene expression can be leading to controlled gene expression, or reporter genes can function as a "sensor" to monitor the level of endogenous promoters and transcription factors. The development of versatile and sensitive assays that do require tissue sampling will be of considerable value for monitoring molecular-genetic and cellular processes in animal models of human disease, as well as for studies in human subjects in the future. Noninvasive imaging of molecular-genetic and cellular processes will complement established molecular-biologic assays that require tissue sampling, and will provide a spatial as well as a temporal dimension to our understanding of various diseases. Several examples of imaging endogenous biologic processes in animals using reporter constructs, radiolabeled probes, and PET imaging are reviewed (e.g., p53-dependent gene expression, T-cell receptor-dependent activation of T-lymphocytes, and preliminary studies of endogenous HIF-1alpha expression). Issues related to the translation of noninvasive molecular imaging technology into the clinic are also discussed.
Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed Epoxidation of Styrene in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media

To overcome poor product yields and stability in aqueous solution, we have examined the chloroperoxidase (CPO from Caldariomyces fumago ) catalyzed oxidation of styrene in organic media using tert ...
Carrying on: the experience of premature menopause in women with early stage breast cancer

Background The survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is established but the experience of organ system toxicity for women, specifically ovarian toxicity, is not fully known. Objectives Th e purpose of the study was to develop asubstantive theory that would describe and explain women's responses to chemotherapy-induced premature menopause within the context of breast cancer. Methods Qualitative inquiry with Grounded Theory methodology was used to collect, code, and analyze the data. The purposive sample consisted of 27 women with early stage breast cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The majority of women were married, well educated, and employed with a mean age of 41 years. Amenorrhea was reported by 24 women, a peri-menopausal pattern of bleeding was described by two women, and one woman had return of normal menses. Women participated in interviews ranging from 45 minutes to 2 hours and other data sources, such as informal discussions with oncology care providers, and lay women's writings about menopause and midlife women's health were used to increase interpretation of the data. Results Vulnerability was identified as the basic social psychological problem for women. Carrying On is the basic process that explains how women respond to vulnerability as they attempt to assimilate drug-induced premature menopause into their breast cancer experience. The stages of Carrying On (Being Focused, Facing Uncertainty, Becoming Menopausal, and Balancing) progressed from minimizing the early menopause experience to developing an awareness to balancing the dynamic relationship of menopause and cancer in their lives. Conclusions This study described the complexity of the experience of chemotherapy-induced premature menopause in women with early stage breast cancer and identified gaps in knowledge about menopausal symptom distress and factors influencing symptom management and outcomes in this population. Future research is needed to evaluate interventions during and after adjuvant therapy to improve the quality of survival of women who experience ovarian toxicity related to early stage breast cancer treatment.
Rave new world: librarians and electronic acquisitions

Abstract This paper focuses on the role of librarians in the technological environment of the future. The accessing and collecting of information generated by electronic means and distributed by new electronic media and the attendant challenges presented to acquisitions and collection management librarians are discussed here. Librarians will experience changes in expectations of products and services of vendors and publishers. Vendors and publishers will make changes in what they offer to libraries to stay competitive in an age of electronic information exchange and delivery. Acquisitions librarians will find themselves straddling two worlds, the traditional and the electronic, to meet the information needs of contemporary library users.
Accurate inversion charge and mobility measurements in enhancement-mode GaAs field-effect transistors with high-k gate dielectrics

Recently, extensive studies have been conducted [1–5] in order to realize enhancement-mode III–V MOSFETs by improving the interface between gate oxide and III–V channel. The carrier mobility in advanced substrates is generally regarded as a figure of merit in benchmarking high-mobility channel materials against bulk Si substrates. However, charge trapping can be a source of error in mobility calculation using split C-V method for Si MOSFETs with high-k dielectrics [6]. On the other hand, magnetotransport measurements are suitable for direct measurement of inversion charge density (N inv ) and mobility in MOS devices with high-k gate dielectrics, where significant charge trapping makes evaluation of inversion charge density using split C-V method inaccurate. In this work, we employ gated-Hall-bar (GHB) structures to directly measure the inversion charge and mobility in a GaAs MOSFET.
Nonimmune Hydrops fetalis: Fetal and Neonatal Outcome during 1983–1992

Prognostic factors for survival of 62 fetuses and neonates with nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) were studied retrospectively. Twenty-eight infants survived ≥28 days which is 45% for all fetuses and n
Religion and madness: Schreber'sMemoirs as personal myth.

I must maintain my . . . ideas of God's incapacity to understand the living human being as an organism in the circumstances contrary to the Order of the World which arose from nerve-contact being established with one single human being, namely myself. . . God, who under normal circumstances maintained contact only with souls and with corpses? in order to draw up their nerves?completely misunderstands the needs of an actually living body . . . and thinks He can force upon me the souls' mode of thinking and feeling, their language etc. and demand from me a continual enjoyment or continual thinking.1