cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of concentration-dependence of thermodynamic properties of lanthanum, yttrium, scandium and terbium in eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt

Abstract Thermodynamic properties of rare earth metals in LiCl-KCl molten salt electrolyte are crucial to the development of electrochemical separation for the treatment of used nuclear fuels. In the present study, activity coefficient, apparent potential, and diffusion coefficient of lanthanum, yttrium, scandium, and terbium in the molten salt (58 at% LiCl and 42 at% KCl) were calculated by the method of molecular dynamics simulation up to a concentration around 3 at% at temperatures of 723 K and 773 K. It was found that the activity coefficient and the apparent potential increase with the species concentration while diffusion coefficient shows a trend of increase followed by decrease. The calculated results were validated by available measurement data of dilution cases. This research extends the range of data to a wide component and would provide further insight to the pyroprocessing design and safeguards.
Microbiota and pathogen ‘pas de deux’: setting up and breaking down barriers to intestinal infection

The gut microbiota plays essential roles in human health and disease. In this review, we focus on the role of the intestinal microbiota in promoting resistance to infection by bacterial pathogens as well as how pathogens overcome this barrier. We discuss how the resident microbiota restricts growth and colonization of invading pathogens by limiting availability of nutrients and through generation of a hostile environment. Additionally, we examine how microbiota-derived signaling molecules interfere with bacterial virulence. In turn, we discuss how pathogens exploit non-competitive metabolites to replicate in vivo as well as to precisely control virulence and cause disease. This bacterial two step of creating and overcoming challenges important in preventing and establishing infection highlights the complexities of elucidating interactions between the commensal bacteria and pathogens. Better understanding of microbiota-pathogen interplay will have significant implications for developing novel therapeutics to treat infectious diseases.
Insulin resistance and regulation of serum amino acid levels in myotonic dystrophy.

1. To quantify the degree of whole body insulin resistance in patients with myotonic dystrophy and to determine if these same patients display signs of a whole body decrease in the action of insulin on amino acid uptake and glucose disposal, three separate 120 min studies employing the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique (20, 80 and 200 m-units min −1 m −2 ) were performed on five ambulatory patients with myotonic dystrophy. The results were compared with findings obtained in identical studies in 21 normal volunteers. 2. Myotonic dystrophy patients showed a slower, less marked decline in the serum concentration of insulin sensitive amino acids (threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine) during all three insulin infusions compared with normals. The greatest difference occurred at the low physiological elevations of insulin produced by the 20 m-units min −1 m −2 infusion. 3. Alanine levels fell significantly below baseline in patients with myotonic dystrophy after 60 and 120 min of insulin infusion with all three rates of insulin infusion. Normal subjects had only a minimal, insignificant decline in arterialized alanine concentrations during the three different insulin infusions. 4. Creatinine adjusted rates of whole body glucose disposal were 30–40% lower in the myotonic dystrophy group at all three doses of insulin compared with the normals. This demonstrates that their insulin resistance was not due simply to a reduction in muscle mass. 5. The overall pattern of findings in these studies of patients with myotonic dystrophy indicates that there is a whole body derangement in the regulation of circulating amino acid levels by insulin as well as a marked decrease in the action of this hormone in stimulating glucose uptake by target tissues.
Introduction: Technologies and the transformation of economies

In April 2015, the Society of Economic Anthropology held its annual conference, hosted at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, to discuss the theme “Technologies and the Transformation of Economies.” The articles in this volume examine the multifaceted relationship between people and technology across different societies and at different periods in the history of social and economic transformations. This introduction to the volume (1) contextualizes the conference and frames the discussion of social transformations and technology within the larger debates on people and technology, (2) introduces the different articles from archaeology and ethnography that may potentially contribute to the scholarly debates on people and technology within anthropology and related social sciences, and (3) suggests new areas for future research on people and technology.
Extracranial to intracranial bypass for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the pediatric population

Cerebral aneurysms are rare in the pediatric population, making a definitive treatment algorithm difficult. Microsurgical clipping is the first choice for treatment but is not always feasible, while high recurrence rates and radiation exposure make endovascular options less favorable. Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass, though not commonly performed in the pediatric aneurysm population, has been reported in a small number of studies to be both safe and effective for the management of cerebral aneurysms. The authors present the case of a child with a distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm in eloquent territory, successfully treated with a superficial temporal artery (STA) to MCA bypass and trapping. A review of the current literature on pediatric EC-IC bypass in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is presented.
Characterizations of Finite Groups with $$\mathbf{}$$-Fusion of Squarefree Type

For G a finite group and p a prime this paper proves two theorems under hypotheses that restrict the index of the subgroup generated by every p-element x in certain subgroups generated by pairs of its conjugates. Under one set of hypotheses G is shown to be supersolvable. Simple groups satisfying a complementary fusion-theoretic hypothesis are classified.
Autoregulation of RUNX1 Activity by Homodimerization.

Abstract RUNX1 also known as AML1 is a transcription factor essential for normal hematopoiesis, platelet production and thymocyte development. RUNX1 is the most frequent target of chromosomal translocations and acquired or inherited point mutations associated with human leukemia. RUNX1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that can act both as an activator and a repressor of gene expression depending probably on the association of RUNX1 with co-activator or corepressors in large transcription complexes at promoter sites. The C-terminus of RUNX1 contains an inhibitory region, ID, which represses positive regulation of RUNX1-dependent genes. Thus, this region could potentially act as a switch and co-operate with RUNX1-interacting transcription factors in the choice between gene activation or gene repression. Here we have examined the role of ID in gene regulation by RUNX1. We found that this region is a homo-dimerization motif that controls RUNX1-RUNX1 interaction in vitro and in vivo. The association of RUNX1 with itself through this domain appears to reduce the positive transactivating potential of RUNX1 and, if provided in trans, this domain can repress by itself the activity of RUNX1 in reporter gene assays. Our studies suggest that RUNX1 autoregulates itself through its ability to form a homodimer. Data will be shown on the effects of the ID region in hematopoietic differentiation of cell lines. The results indicate that the ID region plays critical role in RUNX1 activity and is essential to control the correct execution of hematopoietic programs. It is of importance that aside from the t(12;21), all chromosomal translocations and virtually all point mutations associated with leukemia profoundly affect the integrity of the C-terminus including the ID region. These studies suggest a novel pathway involved in RUNX1 leukemogenesis and provide new targets for the management of RUNX1-leukemia. Kislay Sinha and Donglan Li contributed equally to this study.
SUPECA kinetics for scaling redox reactions in networks of mixed substrates and consumers and an example application to aerobic soil respiration

Abstract. Several land biogeochemical models used for studying carbon–climate feedbacks have begun explicitly representing microbial dynamics. However, to our knowledge, there has been no theoretical work on how to achieve a consistent scaling of the complex biogeochemical reactions from microbial individuals to populations, communities, and interactions with plants and mineral soils. We focus here on developing a mathematical formulation of the substrate–consumer relationships for consumer-mediated redox reactions of the form A + BE → products, where products could be, e.g., microbial biomass or bioproducts. Under the quasi-steady-state approximation, these substrate–consumer relationships can be formulated as the computationally difficult full equilibrium chemistry problem or approximated analytically with the dual Monod (DM) or synthesizing unit (SU) kinetics. We find that DM kinetics is scaling inconsistently for reaction networks because (1) substrate limitations are not considered, (2) contradictory assumptions are made regarding the substrate processing rate when transitioning from single- to multi-substrate redox reactions, and (3) the product generation rate cannot be scaled from one to multiple substrates. In contrast, SU kinetics consistently scales the product generation rate from one to multiple substrates but predicts unrealistic results as consumer abundances reach large values with respect to their substrates. We attribute this deficit to SU's failure to incorporate substrate limitation in its derivation. To address these issues, we propose SUPECA (SU plus the equilibrium chemistry approximation – ECA) kinetics, which consistently imposes substrate and consumer mass balance constraints. We show that SUPECA kinetics satisfies the partition principle, i.e., scaling invariance across a network of an arbitrary number of reactions (e.g., as in Newton's law of motion and Dalton's law of partial pressures). We tested SUPECA kinetics with the equilibrium chemistry solution for some simple problems and found SUPECA outperformed SU kinetics. As an example application, we show that a steady-state SUPECA-based approach predicted an aerobic soil respiration moisture response function that agreed well with laboratory observations. We conclude that, as an extension to SU and ECA kinetics, SUPECA provides a robust mathematical representation of complex soil substrate–consumer interactions and can be applied to improve Earth system model (ESM) land models.
Engaging an Author in a Critical Reading of Subject Headings

Most practitioners of critical librarianship agree that subject description is both valuable and political. Subject headings can either reinforce or subvert hierarchies of social domination. Outside the library profession, however, even among stakeholders such as authors, there is little awareness that librarians think or care about the politics of subject description. Talking about subject description with the authors whose works we hold and represent can strengthen our relationships, demystify our work, and hold us accountable for our practices. This paper discusses an interview I conducted with author Eli Clare about the Library of Congress Subject Headings assigned to his book, Exile and Pride: Disability, Queerness, and Liberation . Clare describes feeling dismayed by and detached from the subject headings assigned to his book. He offers a sophisticated analysis of individual headings. He also reflects on the subject description project itself, using theories from genderqueer and transgender activism to discuss the limitations of categorization.
Bone microvascular flow differs from skin microvascular flow in response to head-down tilt

Our data show that bone microvascular flow increases more than cutaneous blood flow with greater degrees of head-down tilt. A higher level of perfusion in bone may give insight into the bone minera...
Finding Fault with the Nexus Pipeline? Agency Capture and the Public Good

Natural gas is an increasingly vital U.S. energy source that is presently being tapped and transported across state and international boundaries. Controversy engulfs natural gas, from the hydraulic fracturing process used to liberate it from massive, gas-laden Appalachian shale deposits, to the permitting and construction of new interstate pipelines bringing it to markets. This case explores the controversy flowing from the proposed 256-mile-long interstate Nexus pipeline transecting northern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and terminating at the Dawn Hub in Ontario, Canada. As the lead agency regulating and permitting interstate pipelines, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is also tasked with mitigating environmental risks through the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act9s Environmental Impact Statement process. Pipeline opponents assert that a captured federal agency ignores public and scientific input, inadequately addresses public health and safety risks, preempts local control, and wields eminent domain powers at the expense of landowners, cities, and everyone in the pipeline path. Proponents counter that pipelines are the safest means of transporting domestically abundant, cleaner burning, affordable gas to markets that will boost local and regional economies and serve the public good. Debates over what constitutes the public good are only one set in a long list of contentious issues including pipeline safety, proposed routes, property rights, public voice, and questions over the scientific and democratic validity of the Environmental Impact Statement process. The Nexus pipeline provides a sobering example that simple energy policy solutions and compromise are elusive—effectively fueling greater conflict as the natural gas industry booms.
Lysosomal function in β-cell survival during glucolipotoxicity.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide the incidence of which correlates in many cases with development of obesity. Elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFA) are thought to trigger key steps in development of insulin resistance and T2D (1). An early response to reduced insulin action in peripheral tissues is increased production and secretion of insulin by pancreatic β-cells, however, progressive β-cell loss and reduced insulin secretion lead to hyperglycemia and the complications associated with T2D (1). A factor contributing to loss of β-cells in T2D patients is increased apoptosis (2), which is thought to occur from chronic exposure to increased circulating glucose and FFA levels.
Fabrication of Core–Shell Nanotube Array for Artificial Photosynthesis Featuring an Ultrathin Composite Separation Membrane

Macroscale arrays of cobalt oxide-silica core-shell nanotubes with high aspect ratio and ultrathin walls of less than 20 nm have been fabricated. The silica shells feature embedded oligo-para(phenylenevinylene) molecules for charge transport across the insulating silica layer, which is tightly controlled by their electronic properties. The assembly is based on the use of a sacrificial Si nanorod array template combined with atomic layer deposition, covalent anchoring of organic wire molecules, and dry cryo-etching. High-resolution TEM imaging of samples prepared by microtome affords structural details of single core-shell nanotubes. The integrity of silica-embedded organic wire molecules exposed to atomic layer deposition, thermal treatment, and harsh etching procedures is demonstrated by grazing angle ATR FT-IR, FT-Raman, and XPS spectroscopy. The inorganic oxide-based core-shell nanotubes with ultrathin gas-impermeable, proton-conducting silica shells functionalized by molecular wires enable complete nanoscale photosynthetic units for CO2 reduction by H2O under membrane separation. Arrays of massive numbers of such core-shell nanotube units afford a design that extends the separation of the incompatible H2O oxidation and CO2 reduction catalysis environments across the continuum of length scales from nanometers to centimeters.
A Perceptual Inference Mechanism for Hallucinations Linked to Striatal Dopamine

Hallucinations, a cardinal feature of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, are known to depend on excessive striatal dopamine. However, an underlying cognitive mechanism linking dopamine dysregulation and the experience of hallucinatory percepts remains elusive. Bayesian models explain perception as an optimal combination of prior expectations and new sensory evidence, where perceptual distortions such as illusions and hallucinations may occur if prior expectations are afforded excessive weight. Such excessive weight of prior expectations, in turn, could stem from a gain-control process controlled by neuromodulators such as dopamine. To test for such a dopamine-dependent gain-control mechanism of hallucinations, we studied unmedicated patients with schizophrenia with varying degrees of hallucination severity and healthy individuals using molecular imaging with a pharmacological manipulation of dopamine, structural imaging, and a novel task designed to measure illusory changes in the perceived duration of auditory stimuli under different levels of uncertainty. Hallucinations correlated with a perceptual bias, reflecting disproportional gain on expectations under uncertainty. This bias could be pharmacologically induced by amphetamine, strongly correlated with striatal dopamine release, and related to cortical volume of the dorsal anterior cingulate, a brain region involved in tracking environmental uncertainty. These findings outline a novel dopamine-dependent mechanism for perceptual modulation in physiological conditions and further suggest that this mechanism may confer vulnerability to hallucinations in hyper-dopaminergic states underlying psychosis.
After the Cold War: From the 1990s’ Interregnum to 9/11

Shows how Westerns in the 1990s post-Cold War milieu continue to subvert traditional roles in the wake of the waning of the security state until the rise of the post-9/11 state where pro-feminist Westerns vanish from the cultural scene.
Cold-Deformation and Annealing of equiaxed L1o-ordered FePd Intermetallics

The L10 ordering equiatomic intermetallic FePd has been used as a model system for the investigation of the evolution of microstructure and properties during annealing at temperatures below the ordering temperature after deformation in the L10 state. The two different routes for the preparation of equiaxed L10 FePd polycrystals, annealing after cold deformation in the disordered FCC state or after cold deformation in the ordered state, produce similar grain size distributions, differ in the transformation kinetics and importantly in the sequence of texture evolution during the post-cold-deformation annealing. Cold deformed L10 FePd progresses through the classic stages of annealing known from studies of disordered elemental metals and alloys based on them. The reduced L10 SLRO of the ‘mechanically disordered’ FePd is recovered in the early stages of annealing and both the recrystallization and the grain growth stages are quite sluggish, presumably because of the slow diffusion processes in the L10 lattice.
Affirming the context of instructed SLA: The potential of curricular thinking:

Offered as a conceptual and programmatic piece, this article suggests that, due to its explicit educational orientation, the domain of instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) is challenged to...
An ILP Method Based on Instance Graph

A necessary function of ILP systems is to test whether rulesets intensionally cover examples. In general, when R contains recursive clauses, the above test may not terminate. In order that ILP techniques can serve end users directly in applications such as knowledge discovery in databases, general methods must be provided to ensure that the learned rulesets are executable and, in particular, that they do not lead to infinite recursion. To the best of our knowledge, all current methods are based on some kind of “Literal Order” or analog. Among them, the method “Ordering a Set of Constants and then Ordering Recursive Literals” that FOIL used (Cameron-Jones & Quinlan 1993) is one of the most advanced. However, this method suffers in at least three ways. ❶It can not be extended to Multiple Predicate Learning (MPL) (Raedt et cl. 1993) that involves more than one relation, e.g. when relation R invokes S and S invokes R. ❷It may not order constants correctly so as to have to rely on users to define constant orders for many recursive learning tasks. Sometimes this is necessary but not easy for users. ❸It needs to define theory constants that are strong hints of ground clauses. In our opinion, in order to overcome the above shortcomings, FOIL should memory more of previous learning to help further search in rule space. If we can efficiently record and update the effects that are made to the instance space every time when a new (recursive) clause is added to the rule, we can design more powerful heuristics to help search the rule space. Based on this idea, we invented instance graph H(R,E), where R is a ruleset and E is an instance space.
Nonimmunological Glycoproteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Glycoproteins of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are usually studied in contexts that are not related to one of their most distinguishing structures: the heteropolysaccharidic prosthetic group. The heteropolysaccharide moieties, covalently linked to the polypeptide chain, are not usually involved in the primary biological activity of the glycoprotein. These heteropolysaccharide chains do, however, appear to serve a role in recognitive functions that serve as a part of the mechanisms involved in the metabolic processing of glycoproteins. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize what is known concerning the glycoproteins present in CSF.
Surgical Management of Non-acid Reflux Unresponsive to Medical Therapy

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder in the United States, is typically treated medically. Referral for surgery has traditionally been reserved for those with complications of reflux, inability to tolerate medication or refractory symptoms despite medication. With the evolution of laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) as a durable, safe and successful option, confidence in the procedure has increased and its popularity has risen to the point that it is considered a reasonable alternative to chronic medical therapy when performed by experienced surgeons.1,2 In order to maintain viability of this surgical option, good outcomes must be maintained, one aspect of which is appropriate patient selection.
Reducing Water Vapor Transport with Monolayers

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the loss of water vapor transport with monolayers. A detailed study showed that the rate of natural water loss by evaporation was reduced by one-third during the warm summer months and by about 11% during the cooler frost-free periods by application of hexadecanol. The chapter also presents a graph for the comparison of water-level data for north and south lakes during the study in 1957. In the graph, daily evaporation amounts are plotted as ordinates for the north lake and abscissas for the south lake. When water losses were equal, prior to the use of hexadecanol, the curve fell close to the 45° diagonal line. The water-level record showed that water loss in the north lake was 43% less than that of the south lake for the period of testing. However, the slurry method proved to be the most efficient and effective way to maintain a monomolecular film. Visual evidence of a monolayer is often confusing, especially when the water surface is covered with a dust film. Such films contain innumerable wicks of dust particles that increase evaporation.
The Case for Reforming the Program's Spouse Benefits While "Saving Social Security"

The Social Security Act currently provides secondary benefits to the wives or widows of covered workers who retire, become disabled, or die. To qualify, a woman must have been married to the worker for a short period and must be old (sixty-two, dropping to sixty in the case of a widow, fifty in the case of a disabled widow) or caring for children under sixteen. If a wife’s or widow’s primary retired-worker or disability benefits equal or exceed her secondary benefit entitlement, she receives only the primary benefits. However, if her secondary benefit amount is greater she receives both her primary benefit and enough of the secondary benefit to bring the total up to its level.Men can also qualify for benefits based solely on their status as husband or widower of a worker; but spouse benefits go overwhelmingly to women.No additional payroll tax is levied on the employee-spouse to cover spouse benefits nor do they constitute a shift in the payout pattern between spouses of a set amount of benefits. These are quite simply additional payments based on marriage.Appended to Social Security in 1939 and dramatically liberalized since, spouse benefits represent a discrete and increasingly problematic feature of the program. At a time when analysts and politicians of nearly all persuasions agree that the long-term fiscal health of Social Security calls for legislative revision, one might expect serious proposals for spouse benefit reform, but so far that has not occurred. No doubt, that is because any prospective reduction in spouse benefits that promised to contribute to Social Security’s long-term fiscal balance would, standing alone, quite properly be perceived as having a negative impact on women. Costly, outdated, and inequitable, these marriage-based benefits may be, but unless supplanted by some less arbitrary way to connect Social Security to families and alternative measures to assure adequate retirement income for women they cannot be got rid of. On the other hand, any package of Social Security reforms that fails to rethink and revise the spouse-benefit provisions will miss a rare opportunity to improve the fairness and adequacy of the program’s benefits for women and run the risk of disadvantaging them as a group.The article traces the history of the provisions governing entitlement to and the amount of spouse benefits, exploring why a program addition that seemed so attractive in the program’s early years has become a source of disturbing arbitrariness and inequity and how a measure specifically designed to improve retirement income for women has become less and less effective. The deficiencies of the present system are illuminated through comparison with alternative methods of connecting a family’s covered earnings with later benefits modeled on state marital property regimes and the law’s treatment of other forms of spousal retirement income. The article concludes with a survey of the challenges, administrative and political, that would confront any serious effort to pursue so dramatic a reform.
Profiling Female Teachers of Agricultural Education at the Secondary Level

"The term the 'glass ceiling' first came into use in 1986, when twoWall Street Journalreporters coined the phrase to describe the invisible barrier that blocks women from the top jobs" (Catalyst Report, 1993, pg.1). Research on the advancement of women in the professions points to many of the same glass ceiling phenomena cited in business, but also includes some unique issues. Artificial barriers based on attitudinal bias often prevent qualified women from reaching their potential (Catalyst Report, 1993). The glass ceiling phenomena may also pervade agricultural education. Due to the late entrance of women into this field, there are very few role models for women who aspire to teach agricultural education. The evolution of women in the field of agricultural education is not well documented.
Slow Processing Speed and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence for Differentiation of Functional Correlates.

The association between slow processing speed and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), a phenotype described within attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) samples over the past decade, remains unclear. We examined whether SCT and processing speed predict different functional correlates within children and adolescents with ADHD. Participants were 193 clinically-referred youth meeting DSM ADHD criteria without comorbid conditions (mean age = 9.9 years, SD = 2.5; age range 6–16). The incremental utility of SCT and processing speed to predict (1) adaptive functioning and (2) academic achievement, after controlling for age, sex, medication status, and ADHD symptom burden, was assessed using hierarchical multiple regressions. SCT symptoms significantly predicted adaptive functioning, accounting for 6% of the variance, but did not predict academic achievement. Processing speed did not add incrementally to the prediction of adaptive functioning, but did predict academic achievement, accounting for 4% of the variance. Results suggest that SCT and processing speed differentially predict functional abilities not accounted for by ADHD symptom burden.
Teaching Nursing Students to Stop the Bleed Emergency Preparedness Education for Mass Casualty Events

Abstract There has been a rise in mass casualty events over the past decade. The Stop the Bleed initiative aims to increase survivorship in these events by teaching the basics of bleeding control. This educational intervention was conducted to instruct nursing students on the basics of bleeding control and emergency preparedness. The ultimate result of this project is that 143 future nurses that now have the skills to stop life-threatening bleeding in an emergency situation.
Harnessing Avidity: Quantifying the Entropic and Energetic Effects of Linker Length and Rigidity for Multivalent Binding of Antibodies to HIV-1

IgG antibodies increase their apparent affinities by using both of their Fabs to simultaneously attach to antigens. HIV-1 foils this strategy by having few, and highly separated, Envelope (Env) spike targets for antibodies, forcing most IgGs to bind monovalently. Here, we develop a statistical mechanics model of synthetic diFabs joined by DNA linkers of different lengths and flexibilities. This framework enables us to translate the energetic and entropic effects of the linker into the neutralization potency of a diFab. We demonstrate that the strongest neutralization potencies are predicted to require a rigid linker that optimally spans the distance between two Fab binding sites on an Env trimer and that avidity can be further boosted by incorporating more Fabs into these constructs. These results inform the design of multivalent anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that utilize avidity effects to remain potent against HIV-1 in the face of the rapid mutation of Env spikes.
30 Doradus: The Stellar Content and IMF

I have UBV photometry for roughly 1500 stars and BV photometry for an additional 900 stars in the 30 Doradus region as a. part of my thesis work. Spectra and spectral classifications for over 200 stars have been obtained (by me and various other sources) for most of the early stars in the region. The reductions and classifications are nearly complete. It should be noted that the OB associations of 30 Doradus present unique problems in the analysis of the stellar contents due to the extreme crowding and highly variable nebulosity and reddening.
Electron transport through antiferromagnetic spin textures and skyrmions in a magnetic tunnel junction

An ideal layered $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{x}$-polarized antiferromagnet (AFM) between two antialigned $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{z}$ polarized ferromagnetic (FM) contacts transmits no current due to a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase difference of the matrix elements coupling the spin degenerate states to the two FM contacts. Inserting a normal-metal layer or tunnel barrier layer between one FM contact and the AFM alters this phase difference, and due to the unequal weighting of the two spins at the interface, it also breaks the spin degeneracy of the two AFM states. The broken symmetry of the matrix elements combined with the broken degeneracy of the AFM states results in a Fano resonance in the transmission and a turn-on of the ${T}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow},\ensuremath{\downarrow}}$ transmission channel. Such a magnetic tunnel junction geometry with two antialigned $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{z}$ FM contacts can electrically detect an AFM skyrmion. The AFM skyrmion serves as an analog of the oblique polarizer in the triple-polarizer experiment. Resistances and resistance ratios are calculated and compared for FM and AFM skyrmions in a magnetic tunnel junction.
Understanding and managing wildlife jams in national parks: An evaluation in Grand Teton National Park

As recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas continues to increase, managers face rising concerns of degradation of natural resources and the visitor experience. Many park visitors are seeking opportunities to view or photograph wildlife. Visitor behavior in prime wildlife-viewing areas often involves visitors parking along roadways and exiting their cars to view wildlife. This creates a phenomenon known as a “wildlife jam”, as visitors park informally along a roadway, often becoming pedestrians as they view wildlife, while other motorists attempt to drive through. To date, no studies have comprehensively investigated this phenomenon. Our study characterizes the nature of wildlife jams on the Moose-Wilson Road in Grand Teton National Park. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology was used to collect high-accuracy data on location and duration of the jams. Observations during jams characterize size (how many visitors and cars were involved) and visitor behaviors during jams. Preliminary results suggest that jam characteristics including presence of park staff, species involved, and location, can affect the duration, extent, and visitor behaviors that occur. Understanding the nature of these jams will enable park managers to minimize the potential negative effects of jams on wildlife and the visitor experience. Featured photo by letdown102 on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/57jUok
Abstract TP283: Phosphorylation of IRF5/4 by IRAK4/MyD88 Regulates Microglial Inflammatory Responses to Ischemia

Introduction: Interferon Regulatory Factors 5 and 4 (IRF5/4) have been suggested to play a determinant role in regulating pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) microglia/macrophage respon...
NICU Parent Preferences for Stakeholder Engagement in Research

Background Engagement of parents as stakeholders in the research process can help ensure that interventions are aligned with their needs and experiences, but little is known about their preferences for research collaboration. Purpose The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to explore former neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents' attitudes toward engagement as parent collaborators and identify potential barriers and facilitators to parent collaboration in research. Methods Three focus groups and 3 interviews were conducted. Participants completed a demographic survey including information about their child's hospitalization. Parents were asked to discuss their NICU story, involvement in the parent community, experience with research, and factors influencing their decision to collaborate on a research study. Results Nine parents completed the study. Participation was motivated by a desire to help other families. Recruitment suggestions included using parent organizations, social media networks, and advertising in the NICU. Facilitators to research engagement were passion about research topic, distance participation, affecting change, helping other parents, and compensation. Barriers included time constraints and unresolved trauma. Implications for practice NICU nurses can leverage their relationships with parents to act as liaisons between research teams and parents, helping recruit and encouraging them to form research partnerships. Implications for research Parents are interested in collaborating with neonatal research teams when they can improve experiences for other families and can see or help implement change. Researchers should be conscious of constraints on parents' ability to meet frequently or in person and offer accommodations such as conference calls and online training.
Measurement of Aluminum and Chemical Oxygen Demand in the Effluent of Mordanted Cotton Against Environmental Regulations

Despite toxicity concerns of chemical mordants used in natural dyeing, there is limited research on the measurement, quality, and safe disposal of the chemical mordant effluent. This study measured...
ANN-based automated scaffold builder activity recognition through wearable EMG and IMU sensors

Abstract Construction worker activity recognition is essential for worker performance and safety assessment. With the development of wearable sensing technologies, many researchers developed kinematic sensor-based worker activity recognition methods with considerable accuracy. However, the limitations of the previous studies remain at the challenge of using smartphones for practical implementation, fewer classified activities, and limited recognized motions and body parts. This study proposes an ANN-based automated construction worker activity recognition method that can recognize complex construction activities. The proposed methodology discusses data acquisition, data fusion, and artificial neural network (ANN) model development. A case study of scaffold builder activities was investigated to validate the proposed methodology's feasibility and evaluate its performance compared to other existing methods. The results show that the proposed model can recognize fifteen scaffold builder activities with an accuracy of 94% with 0.94 weighted precision, recall, and F1 Score.
National disparities in colorectal cancer screening in patients with comorbid conditions: an analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Context Each year, approximately 53,200 people die in the U.S. from colorectal cancer (CRC), indicating a need to increase screening efforts. Some studies have suggested mammography use is higher in patients with comorbid conditions, a reflection of increased follow up. Another study found that patients with obesity were less likely to be screened for CRC than nonobese patients. However, no study has assessed the impact of multiple comorbidities on CRC screening. Objectives To analyze CRC screening rates in patients with comorbidities compared with healthy patients, and to assess whether the number of comorbid diagnoses impacted screening rates. Methods A cross sectional analysis of patients who received CRC screening was performed using the 2018 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Respondents were classified as having had CRC screening if they answered "yes" to either of the following: "Have you ever had a blood stool test?" or "Have you ever had a sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy?" Respondents younger than age 50 were excluded. A weighted multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine adjusted risk ratios (ARR). Confidence intervals (CI) were reported at 95%. Results We identified 279,784 respondents who met inclusion criteria. Of those, 79.7% (sample n=222,879; population N=46,304,360) of respondents had received CRC screening. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, skin cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis, depression, and chronic kidney disease were significantly more likely to be screened than those without comorbidities. There was no statistically significant difference in screening rates between patients with and without cardiovascular disease. Compared with patients with zero comorbidities, those with one were significantly more likely to receive screening (ARR, 1.11; CI, 1.09-1.12) as were those with two to four (ARR, 1.2; CI, 1.18-1.22). Patients with five or more comorbidities were significantly less likely to be screened than those with two to four (ARR, 1.12; CI, 1.1-1.14). Conclusions Patients with one or more comorbidities were more likely to be screened than those without comorbidities, but those with five or more conditions were less likely to be screened than patients with two to four conditions. This indicates that physicians may be more fatigued and less likely to recommend CRC screening to patients with many comorbidities compared with patients diagnosed with only a few conditions. The results of this study add to the literature by identifying an interaction between the number of comorbidities and likelihood of being screened for CRC.
Nationally Representative Sample Shows an Increase in Domestic Conflict Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated social distancing increased stressors related to risk for domestic conflict, but increases in domestic conflict early in the pandemic have yet to be studied in community samples. METHODS: Increase in domestic conflict (verbal or physical fights) since the beginning of the pandemic was assessed in 1196 partnered and cohabitating respondents, drawn from a nationally representative sample, in May 2020. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations of demographic characteristics and financial worry with domestic conflict. RESULTS: An increase in domestic conflict was reported by 10.6% (95% CI: 7.7-13.4) of the sample. Domestic conflict increase was significantly associated with younger age, lower education, and financial worry. CONCLUSION: Increases in domestic conflict were seen in certain vulnerable groups and in those who report financial worry. Policies ensuring financial stability, particularly early in the disaster conditions, could reduce domestic conflict during continued COVID-19 conditions or other disasters.
Time-domain Analysis and Simulation of Wireless Power Transfer in Motion

The most widespread use of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is for use between two stationary objects. Generally, one object is the power source, and the second is the object to be charged; in this study, they are referred to respectively as the primary and secondary sides. This study focuses on modifying and applying existing equations for use in time-domain analysis to discern the behavior of WPT systems with an in-motion secondary side. The methods within this study approximate the complex WPT system and can be obtained faster and with fewer resources than the current industry standard of finite element method analysis.
Possible Causes for Failure of Endodontic Surgery - A Retrospective Series of 20 Resurgery Cases.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate unsuccessful endodontic surgery cases for possible causes for treatment failure and evaluate if a nonsurgical retreatment (NSRTX) approach could have been a better alternative to resurgery. METHODS Analyses of clinical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, periapical radiographs, and chart documentation determined study parameters. Preoperative factors were age, sex, tooth type, signs and/or symptoms, presence of periapical radiolucency, previous root canal treatment, timeline since previous endodontic surgery, presence of posts, cores, and restorations. The intra-operative factors were microsurgical classification, previous techniques, and current techniques utilized. Postoperative factors were signs and/or symptoms, time to follow-up, and healing status. The accessibility of the root canal system and the quality of the existing root filling were used to evaluate NSRTX as an alternative to resurgery. RESULTS A total of 1073 surgical cases from 2011-2019 were reviewed. In 14 patients, 20 cases matched the inclusion criteria and allowed for data extraction. The mean time since the previous surgery was 2.9+-2.1 years, with a mean follow-up of 9.1+-5.8 months after the resurgery. Possible reasons for failure identified were: insufficient root-end filling (leaking, off-axis preparation, lack of depth, overfill) n=12/20, 60.0%; missed anatomy (main and lateral canals, isthmus) n=9/20, 45.0%; incomplete resection n=6/20, 30.0%. In 18/20 cases (90.0%), resurgery appeared to be indicated for 2/20 cases (10.0%). Therefore, NSRTX may have been a potential alternative. CONCLUSION Further evidence for possible causes of failure of endodontic surgery was provided, which were primarily iatrogenic. The evaluation of CBCT and high magnification intra-operative images proved beneficial for identifying critical issues for all investigated cases.
Genome Wide Analysis Across Alzheimer’s Disease Endophenotypes: Main Effects and Stage Specific Interactions

ABSTRACT Introduction Genetic association analysis of key Alzheimer’s disease (AD) endophenotypes may provide insight into molecular mechanisms and genetic contributions. Methods Major AD endophenotypes based on the A/T/N (Amyloid-β, Tau, and Neurodegeneration) biomarkers and cognitive performance were selected from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) in up to 1,565 subjects. Genome-wide association analysis of quantitative phenotypes was performed using a main SNP effect and a SNP by Diagnosis interaction (SNPxDX) model to identify stage specific genetic effects. Results Sixteen novel or replicated loci were identified in the main effect model, with six (SRSF10, MAPT, XKR3, KIAA1671, ZNF826P, and LOC100507506) meeting study significance thresholds with the A/T/N biomarkers. The SNPxDX model identified three study significant genetic loci (BACH2, EP300, PACRG-AS1) associated with a neuroprotective effect in later AD stage endophenotypes. Discussion An endophenotype approach identified novel genetic associations and new insights into the associations that may otherwise be missed using conventional case-control models.
Interaction-based ion selectivity exhibited by self-assembled, cross-linked zwitterionic copolymer membranes

Water filtration membranes with advanced ion selectivity are urgently needed for resource recovery and the production of clean drinking water. This work investigates the separation capabilities of cross-linked zwitterionic copolymer membranes, a self-assembled membrane system featuring subnanometer zwitterionic nanochannels. We demonstrate that selective zwitterion–anion interactions simultaneously control salt partitioning and diffusivity, with the permeabilities of NaClO4, NaI, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, and Na2SO4 spanning roughly three orders of magnitude over a wide range of feed concentrations. We model salt flux using a one-dimensional transport model based on the Maxwell–Stefan equations and show that diffusion is the dominant mode of transport for 1:1 sodium salts. Differences in zwitterion–Cl− and zwitterion–F− interactions granted these membranes with the ultrahigh Cl−/F− permselectivity (PCl-/PF- = 24), enabling high fluoride retention and high chloride passage even from saline mixtures of NaCl and NaF.
Recent Advances in Contact Resistance Improvement in Advanced Logic

Although pitch scaling has slowed down in recent logic CMOS generations, the demand for external and contact resistance reduction has only gone up. This can be understood by the fact that the transistor drive current densities have continued to increase, in part due to fin height scaling in advanced FinFET technologies [1] . This trend is likely to continue with the introduction of the Nanosheet device architecture as this device also utilizes effective device width scaling to help increase its drive current density [2] .
Listening Comprehension of Compressed, Accelerated, and Normal Speech by the Visually Handicapped.

An investigation of listening ability in 13 visually impaired college students was conducted. Subjects were pre-tested on a listening skills test and then exposed to three modes of speech presentat...