cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mammals of the Thousand Islands Region, New York

In the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River as it flows from Lake Ontario along the New York State and Ontario border there is an archipelago of about 1700 islands. These islands range in size from a few tenths of an acre to several thousand acres, and are situated at varying distances from each other across the river, which in places is nearly seven miles wide. Since this area was inundated by sea water after the last glacier, the islands are considered to be no more than 10,000 years old. At the suggestion of Dr. W. J. Hamilton, Jr., a study of the mammals of this region was conducted from December, 1952, to June, 1954. The purpose of the investigation was to extend the knowledge of the distribution of the mammals of this area, and to investigate the effects of the isolation and limited area of the islands upon the mammalian populations. Data secured from a study of the fauna on islands in this region might show how the size of populations, species composition, reproductive patterns and other population characteristics are related to the size and isolation of islands. By study of the distribution and habits of different species on islands of varying areas and distances from the mainland, the factors most probably limiting their distribution may be discovered. Dr. Wm. J. Hamilton, Jr., of Cornell University advised me throughout the study. I am also indebted to Dr. J. N. Layne, Dr. J. Clovis, and Dr. C. R. Robins for identification of materials. A search of the literature failed to reveal any specific study of mammals in this area. Several studies on other islands of a similar nature are to be found. River island studies include one by Pruitt (1951), who studied Sugar Island in St. Marys River, Michigan. …
Insecticide Efficacy Against Aphids in Leaf Lettuce, 2015

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar insecticide spray applications for control of aphids on leaf lettuce under desert growing conditions. Leaf lettuce, “Bergram’s Green” was direct seeded on 4 Nov 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, Holtville, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated via furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four 40 inch beds (13.3 ft) wide by 40 ft long with one non-planted bed between plots and 5 ft between blocks. Five replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB …
Contemporary Theoretical Trends in American Cultural Anthropology

This paper summarizes contemporary theory and methodology in American cultural anthropology.I discuss current ideas in anthropology in terms of their historical genealogy,their legacies,recurrences,transformations,and oppositions.Since the 1960s,there have been major shifts and splits in anthropological theory and methodology over issues of subjectivity,power,and ethnographic representation.This is the result of the literary approach to ethnography developed by Geertz and combined with other intellectual movements like British Cultural Studies and especially Foucault's postmodernism.Thus the old and convivial tension in anthropology between science and humanity has been rendered into separate epistemological camps and in some cases separate departments of anthropology in the same university.This split also spurred or accompanied a recognition of the now-globally-positioned-subjects of ethnographic study as "indigenous","subalterns" with legal rights and a collaborative voice in the research project.This shift has brought increased emphasis on applied anthropology with a host of new problems,e.g.,with concepts like "indigenous knowledge".Another split has been the institutionalization of specialized subfields like medical,ecological, and educational anthropology,each with its own internal divisions and differences.The changes underway call into question the utility and morality of concepts like culture and relativity as handed down by the Boasians.These past thirty years have been an age of ferment and fragmentation in which anthropology plays its part in the shift to a new cultural logic of global capitalism.
Amniography studies of chronic fetal distress in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

The purpose of the present study is to determine the value of amniography in evaluating the fetal environment in utero and in terminating pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders. The fetal gastrointestinal motility and interval of onset of labor following amniography were observed. The fetoplacental response to intra-amniotic contrast material was evaluated by measuring total estrogen and pregnanediol excretion before and after amniography in 2 patients. Fetal gastrointestinal motility was increased in chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. There was no increase in the incidence of premature labor in normal pregnancies; however, 20 out of 26 hypertensive pregnancies went into labor within 72 hours after amniography. There was no change in pregnanediol excretion observed following amniography; however, in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia there was a decrease in estrogen excretion following the procedure. Amniography may be useful in measuring the compensatory reserve of the fetus and in terminating pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Targeting adipose tissue in the treatment of obesity-associated diabetes

Adipose tissue regulates numerous physiological processes, and its dysfunction in obese humans is associated with disrupted metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although several US-approved treatments for obesity and T2DM exist, these are limited by adverse effects and a lack of effective long-term glucose control. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of adipose tissue in metabolic homeostasis and assess emerging novel therapeutic strategies targeting adipose tissue, including adipokine-based strategies, promotion of white adipose tissue beiging as well as reduction of inflammation and fibrosis.
Glucose and pyruvate regulate cytokine-induced nitric oxide production by cardiac myocytes.

Metabolic requirements for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by cytokine-stimulated neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (CM) were studied. CM were cultured for 48 h in media containing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and free fatty acids. Removal of glucose from the media partially inhibited IL-1β-stimulated nitrite (NO 2 - ) production [8.1 ± 0.3 vs. 4.4 ± 0.6 nmol. (1.25 x 10 5 cells) -1 . 48 h -1 ; P < 0.01 ; n = 12]. The glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) completely inhibited IL-1β-stimulated NO 2 - production [0.7 ± 0.5 nmol.(1.25 x 10 5 cells) -1 .48 h -1 ; P < 0.01 ; n = 12]. The addition of the glycolytic end product, pyruvate, completely blocked the 2-DG inhibition of IL-1β-stimulated NO 2 - production [7.4 ± 0.4 nmol.(1.25 x 10 5 cells) -1 .48 h -1 ; P < 0.01 ; n = 12]. Pyruvate alone did not significantly enhance NO 2 production in the presence or absence of glucose (n = 12). The inactive analogue 3-O-methylglucose had no effect on NO 2 - production (n = 12). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that pyruvate blocked 2-DG inhibition of inducible NO synthase mRNA expression. Neither 2-DG nor pyruvate had any effect on GTP-cyclohydrolase I mRNA expression in CM. We report for the first time that optimal IL-1β-stimulated NO production by CM requires both glucose and the glycolytic end product pyruvate.
Activity as a function of salinity in two species of intertidal crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Hemigrapsus nudus

The activity of Hemigrapsiis oregonensis was compared to that of Hemigrapsus nudus over a 4-min exposure to each of four salinity conditions (0.0%, 33.3%, 66.6%, and 100.0% seawater). Activity increased with decreases in environmental salinity for both species. Differences between sex of S and species of S were nonsignificant. The results suggested that increased salinity discrepancy was aversive, that subsequent activity due to salinity variance may be part of an avoidance response, and that both species utilize the same behavioral response to salinity discrepancy.
Challenges and Stereotypes

Despite the large number of Chinese students in American science and engineering programs, they are largely segregated from their American peers. A lack of common understanding and common interests between Chinese and American students have been reported by many scholars in the past two decades. Science and engineering doctoral programs in the U.S. have a unique situation: Some of these programs enroll a high percentage of Chinese students. For example, over 50 percent of some computer science departments’ students were Chinese.
Holistic and partial face recognition in the MWIR Band using manual and automatic detection of face-based features

Most of the benchmark face recognition (FR) approaches are designed to depend upon the usage of holistic or texture-based features of the human face. Here we present a new approach to the problem of middle-wave infrared (MWIR) facial recognition that realizes the full potential of the MWIR band. It consists, first, of a fully automated standardization of MWIR images prior to feature extraction through: skin segmentation, eye detection, inter-ocular and geometric normalization of our entire face dataset. Then, a statistically-based physiological feature extraction algorithm is used that is tailored to MWIR phenomenology: infrared-based features are extracted that consist of wrinkles, veins, edges, and perimeters of facial characteristics using anisotropic diffusion and top hat segmentation. At the next step, fiducial points are detected either manually, or automatically using different detectors such as a fingerprint-based minutiae detector, the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) detector, and the Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) detector. Finally, face matching is performed, utilizing fiducial points originally detected: end points and branch points on the face are filtered using the maximum pixel distance allowed between two matching points. Matching experiments are performed by using either the whole or sub-regions of the human face. Facial matching results on holistic faces emphasize the importance of data pre-processing as we achieve a rank-1 accuracy of at least 95%, independent of the fiducial point extraction method employed.
Risk Aversion and the Value of Life

We show that state non-separable preferences a la Epstein–Zin–Weil (EZW) provide a tractable and flexible framework to study the economics of health and longevity. This utility representation: (1) admits a preference for timing of resolution of uncertainty regarding mortality risks; (2) links the marginal valuation of survival to the level of survival; (3) can preserve homotheticity even for low degrees of intertemporal substitution without generating implausible predictions regarding the value of life; and (4) adds needed flexibility to account for the empirical evidence on the value of life. We illustrate the implications of EZW preferences for the economic value of observed differences in life expectancy across countries and over time, and for the value of life over the life cycle.
Design and fabrication of 1400V 4H-SiC accumulation mode MOSFETs (ACCUFETs)

This paper presents design, fabrication, and electrical performance of 8A, 1400V 4H-SiC ACCUFETs. It is intended to provide detail discussions on channel design, edge termination technique, and electrical characteristics of high current, 1.2kV rated 4H-SiC ACCUFETs.
Bayesian nonparametric modeling of Markov chains for detection of thermoacoustic instabilities

This paper proposes a Bayesian nonparametric method for detecting thermoacoustic instabilities in gas turbine engines in real-time, where the underlying algorithms are formulated in the symbolic domain and the resulting patterns are constructed from symbolized pressure measurements as probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA) that is built upon a finite-memory Markov model, called D-Markov machine. The Bayesian nonparametric structure is adopted for: (i) automated selection of parameters in the D-Markov machine, and (ii) online sequential testing, to provide a data-driven and coherent statistical analysis of combustion instability phenomena without relying on numerically intensive models of combustion dynamics. The proposed method has been experimentally validated on the time series generated from a laboratory-scale combustion apparatus. The results of instability prediction, derived from the time series, have been compared with those of other existing techniques.
The found poet: A new role for the structured peer group supervision model

Writing and listening to found poetry during group supervision can be an effective way of helping supervisees think in more complex ways, improve their empathy and listening skills, and increase their tolerance for ambiguity. The found poet role can help supervisees attain greater emotional depth with clients by understanding with more complexity the feelings and behavioral patterns underneath a client’s words. Citing conceptual and empirical support, we propose incorporating a found poet role into [Borders, L. D. (1991). A systematic approach to peer group supervision. Journal of Counseling & Development, 69, 248–252.] Structured Peer Group Supervision (SPGS) model and include a detailed description of how to scaffold this role for counselors-in-training.
A Profile of Individuals with Anti-tobacco Message Fatigue.

Objectives Message fatigue, a phenomenon of being tired of repeated exposure to messages promoting the same health behavior, may reduce the effectiveness of anti-tobacco messages, such as warning labels. As an initial step towards understanding the phenomenon, we examined predictors of anti-tobacco message fatigue. Methods An online study (N = 1838) involving a non-probability sample of nonsmokers and smokers in the United States assessed anti-tobacco message fatigue and individual-level factors including demographic variables and smoking status. General linear models were used to analyze the data. Results The multivariable results show that individuals who were younger, male, and had higher income and education reported higher levels of anti-tobacco message fatigue. African Americans reported significantly lower levels of message fatigue than other racial groups. Current smokers reported greater message fatigue than transitioning smokers and nonsmokers. Among current smokers, those with greater nicotine dependence reported higher levels of anti-tobacco message fatigue. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of segmenting the audience based on their levels of message fatigue and using more novel message strategies and delivery methods to influence populations with relatively higher levels of anti-tobacco message fatigue.
Factors Associated with Vaginal Douching in Military Women

ABSTRACT Objectives of this secondary analysis were to describe the prevalence of vaginal douching among 1,432 women on active duty in the military and to examine demographic and behavioral factors associated with douching. More than one-half (54.5%) of the respondents reported douching at least once in their lifetimes; 63.5% of those douched during the previous year, and 45.8% of those douched in ≥6 of the past 12 months. Multiple regression analysis showed that being African American, using tampons, having sexual intercourse, having more than one sexual partner in a month, using spermicides, and being in the enlisted and noncommissioned officer ranks were associated with more frequent douching (20.1% of the variance in douching behavior was explained). Despite access to regular gynecological examinations and related health counseling, a significant number of military women continue to douche. These women may benefit from specific intensive information on normal vaginal self-cleansing mechanisms and the ...
Evaluation and Postprocessing of Ensemble Fire Weather Predictions over the Northeast United States

AbstractThe Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system is verified and bias corrected for fire weather days (FWDs) defined as having an elevated probability of wildfire occurrence using a statistical Fire Weather Index (FWI) over a subdomain of the northeastern United States (NEUS) between 2007 and 2014. The SREF is compared to the Rapid Update Cycle and Rapid Refresh analyses for temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, and the FWI. An additive bias correction is employed using the most recent previous 14 days [sequential bias correction (SBC)] and the most recent previous 14 FWDs [conditional bias correction (CBC)]. Synoptic weather regimes on FWDs are established using cluster analysis (CA) on North American Regional Reanalysis sea level pressure, 850-hPa temperature, 500-hPa temperature, and 500-hPa geopotential height. SREF severely underpredicts FWI (by two indices at FWI = 3) on FWDs, which is partially corrected using SBC and largely corrected with CBC. FWI underprediction is associated...
Kinetics of Cytochromes b

Publisher Summary The equilibrium studies on the mitochondrial respiratory chain have established some basic phenomena involved in the process of the conservation of the negative free energy made available through the transfer of electrons from the substrates to oxygen. It has been generally assumed that state 4, or state 4 plus ATP, represents a mean equilibrium state manifested by the fact that the direction of the net flow through the chain can be reversed, under suitable conditions, by added ATP. This chapter presents kinetic studies that concentrate on the phenomenological description of the behavior of the components performing the energy transduction at site II, cytochromes b and c 1 , and their immediate neighbors — ubiquinone and cytochrome c . They demonstrate that the actual rates of electron transfer between the adjacent carriers at site II are as fast as at site III and thus, in state 4 the net flow of electrons is at least three orders of magnitude slower than the forward and the reverse rates; the system can be treated as an essentially equilibrium system
Stylohyoid syndrome: Report of a case

A classic case of stylohyoid syndrome, in which the patient complained of vague oral pain, dysphagia, and pain when turning the head to either side, is presented. Although radiographic evidence confirmed the diagnosis, a number of practitioners failed to identify the cause of the patient's discomfort, which ultimately led to her death.
Modulation of APP Processing by Neurotransmission

Brain amyloid deposits are invariant neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down’s syndrome, and are sometimes also found in lesser amounts in brains of neuropsychologically normal, aged human subjects. AD-type brain amyloid consists of aggregated As peptides which are 39–43 amino acid residues in length. As is derived, by proteolytic processing, from a larger amyloid s-protein precursor (APP), which is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a single membrane spanning domain, a large N-terminal ectodomain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. The As domain is located within the ectodomain and extends with its hydrophobic C-terminal region 11-15 residues into the membrane. APP exists in various forms generated by alternative splicing of mRNA derived from a single gene on chromosome 21 (for review, see Kosik, 1992). APP is highly conserved and expressed at high levels in brain and, at lower levels, in many peripheral tissues. The biological function of APP is unclear but accumulating evidence suggests roles in cell adhesion (Schubert et al., 1989), in neurite outgrowth (Milward et al., 1992), as well as excitoprotective functions via the regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations (Mattson et al., 1993). Mature APP is rapidly degraded by various alternative proteolytic processing pathways. Proteolytic derivatives are secreted into the extracellular space and are found at high concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid. Secreted APP derivatives include the large N-terminal ectodomain, termed APPs (Esch et al., 1990; Sisodia et al., 1990) and ~4KDa As-peptides (Haass et al., 1992; Shoji et al., 1992) that potentially can aggregate into amyloid. In addition to the secretory processing pathways, full-length APP can be internalized from the cell surface and targeted to the endosomal-lysosomal system (Haass et al., 1992), where multiple cleavage products are generated. Some of these contain the intact sA4 domain and thus are also potentially amyloidogenic (Golde et al., 1992; Estus et al., 1992). As is neurotoxic in some experimental systems (Yankner et al., 1990) and may induce apoptosis (Loo et al., 1993). Thus, APP processing pathways yielding either As or APPs are likely to have distinct cellular consequences: processing events that generate As may be toxic and are potentially amyloidogenic, whereas APP processing to yield APPs generate trophic and precludes APP’s role as an amyloidogenic molecule. It thus becomes important to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of APP processing pathways.
Perceived Barriers to Recommended Diet and Physical Activity Patterns among Ethnically Diverse Middle School Students

The purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to examine perceived barriers to the adoption of recommended dietary and physical activity behaviors in low income ethnically diverse middle school students. Respondents completed surveys in sixth and eighth grade (n=289): 37% (n=100) of whom were Hmong, 34% (n=92) White, and 18% (n=57) Non-Asian, Non-White (NANW). Chi square and ANOVA were used to test the hypothesis that there were significant differences in perceived barriers for the adoption of recommended dietary and physical activity behaviors among ethnic groups. At 46%, significantly more Hmong versus White (12%) and NANW (16%) students indicated that cost was a significant barrier to fruit and vegetable availability at home (p=.001). In addition, 51% of Hmong students versus 33% of White and 34% of NANW students indicated that peer pressure was a barrier to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (p=.002). At 33%, significantly fewer Hmong students reported meeting the guidelines for physical activity compared to White students (52%, p=.016). Furthermore, Hmong students believed that being physically active every day was less important to their family members compared to non-Hmong students (p=.004). These results indicate that there is a need for culturally specific nutrition education and physical activity promotion with a particular focus on reducing obstacles to the adoption of recommended dietary patterns and physical activity for Hmong middle school students.
Accountability of International Prosecutors

The dilemma of holding prosecutors accountable while ensuring their independence was at the center of the debates surrounding the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The drafters of the Rome Statute for the ICC understood that the Court would be handling cases with significant political implications and yet working with limited resources and no independent enforcement capacity. To enhance prosecutors’ ability to operate successfully in this environment, the drafters enshrined prosecutorial independence into the Statute and gave prosecutors significant discretion over charging and investigation decisions. At the same time, drafters worried that ICC prosecutors were not sufficiently accountable to anyone. This led to the decision to give judges and the Assembly of States Parties limited authority to oversee prosecutorial actions.This chapter reviews how the ICC has addressed prosecutorial mistakes and misconduct in the first ten years of its existence. It evaluates how existing sanctions and remedies for prosecutorial wrongdoing respond to the challenge of preserving the independence of international prosecutors while ensuring their accountability. Finally, the chapter examines whether stricter internal oversight, discipline by external professional bodies, or informal sanctions can usefully supplement existing judicial and administrative sanctions for prosecutorial misconduct at the ICC.
Meditative Reason and the Holistic Turn to Natural Phenomenology

In this essay I shall focus on the central themes of my book Meditative Reason,1 which open the way to the holistic turn to natural phenomenology. Perhaps the greatest lesson in the global evolution of philosophy is that “What is First” situates and contextualizes all that appears, all existence, all discourse, all experience and phenomena. The centuries of living experiments in diverse traditions of first philosophy reveal that there is no getting around the absolute presence of What is First — that which generates and conditions all realities. These historic experiments concur that it is absolutely vital that we humans enter into an authentic way to think about or mind the first principle and to conduct our experience ever mindful of its presiding presence. One of the great lessons of the global evolution of cultures is that the egocentric mind inherently eclipses What is First and proceeds in a pathological conduct of mind that is detrimental to all aspects of human life.
Abyssal Mixing through Critical Reflection of Equatorially Trapped Waves off Smooth Topography

AbstractThe inferred diapycnal upwelling in the abyssal meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is intensified near the equator, but little is known as to why this is so. In this study, it is sho...
Energy access is energy justice: the Yurok Tribe’s trailblazing work to close the Native American reservation electricity gap

Through a case study of the Yurok Tribe’s path-breaking work to extend the electric grid to the Yurok Reservation in northern California, this book chapter examines the roots of the Native American reservation electricity gap. It argues that federal policies to fracture tribes, fragment tribal landholding, and funnel tribal resources to others foster the electricity gap on Native American reservations. It examines federal and state policies that erect barriers to electricity access and contribute to tribal poverty by forcing tribes that lack electric grid access to rely on diesel generators, or a mix of renewables and diesel. It suggests federal and state policy reforms to close electricity access gaps to diminish poverty, increase tribal welfare, strengthen democracy, and improve the environment. Such energy access initiatives will assist tribes and tribal members, increase economic, civic, and democratic opportunities, reduce black carbon emissions, forestall climate change, and foster energy justice.
Abdominal manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a series of 333 patients over 15 years

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant multi-organ vascular disorder that commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract and the liver resulting in telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Previous studies looking at the prevalence of liver and abdominal organ involvement in HHT have been limited by differing imaging techniques and sample size limitations. We sought to define the prevalence of HHT related abdominal vascular abnormalities using optimized multiphasic contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) exams in a large cohort of HHT patients. Between January 2001 and May 2015; we identified a total of 333 consecutive HHT patients who had undergone a dedicated HHT protocol multiphase abdominal CT at our institution. The CT exams were reviewed by three board certified abdominal radiologists for the presence of vascular abnormalities involving the liver, pancreas, spleen, and other abdominal organs. Vascular abnormalities involving the liver were further categorized as telangiectasias, large confluent vascular masses, perfusion abnormalities, or hepatic shunts. In patients with abdominal vascular abnormalities, the liver was the most commonly involved organ, with 180 out of 333 (54.1%) patients demonstrating at least one hepatic vascular abnormality (telangiectasia, confluent vascular mass, transient perfusion abnormalities, and hepatic shunts), with most (70.0%) demonstrating multiple hepatic vascular abnormalities. The other most common organs involved included the pancreas (18.0%), spleen (6.3%), and small bowel (4.5%). In patients with the clinical diagnosis of HHT, greater than half demonstrate an abdominal vascular abnormality, with the most commonly involved organ being the liver. These may be under recognized on routine or single phase contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen. This supports the use of optimized multiphasic abdominal CT exams as an important tool for the evaluation and screening of patients with HHT.
An Intelligent Action Recognition System to assess Cognitive Behavior for Executive Function Disorder

This paper proposes a novel intelligent system to monitor and assess cognitive behavior through physical tasks which are part of assessment and training for people with Executive Function Disorder. The tasks are specifically designed to fit in the theory of “embodied cognition”, where cognition can be influenced through physical activities. Usually, these assessments are performed by psychologists who manually monitor and score patients which is tiresome and time consuming. The proposed system automates this process by capturing the minute movements of the subjects, analyzing and predicting the action performed by using state of the art computer vision techniques. Detailed visualization of the user’s performance can be viewed in real time through an intelligent Graphical User Interface(GUI) which also provides support for the expert to view the performance statistics remotely. Data was collected from 5 participants with two variations to quantitatively and qualitatively increase the dataset which was combined with an existing public dataset. The action recognition, which is the core of the system, was developed using multiple algorithms, with 3D Convolutional Neural Network performing the best with a maximum of 80 percent accuracy on test set.
Fetal Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated With Variants of Uncertain Significance in MYH7 and DSG2 Genes: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background Fetal dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an uncommon prenatal diagnosis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Case This report describes a patient with a diagnosis of fetal DCM at 310 weeks gestation, several weeks after a maternal flu-like illness. Spontaneous improvement was noted on serial echocardiograms. Maternal Coxsackievirus B titers were significantly elevated at 1:80, although post-natal cord blood test results were negative. Genetic panel testing for DCM demonstrated two heterozygous variants of uncertain significance in the MYH7 and DSG2 genes. Although an early post-natal echocardiogram demonstrated a normal left ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricular dysfunction was noted with subsequent cardiac decompensation requiring temporary inotropic support. An echocardiogram at the age of 2 years confirmed normal biventricular function. Conclusion The finding of fetal DCM should trigger a broad evaluation. In the setting of limited fetal cardiac reserve, the significant hemodynamic changes that occur post-natally may trigger additional decompensation. Clinicians should be aware of the prognostic value of right ventricular function, as measured by fractional area change, in addition to the limitations of serologic and genetic testing.
Transverse momentum fluctuations and their correlation with elliptic flow in nuclear collisions

We propose observables $v_0$ and $v_0(p_T)$ which quantify the relative fluctuations in the total transverse momentum at fixed multiplicity. We first study the factorization of the fixed multiplicity momentum dependent two particle correlation function into a product of $v_0(p_T^a)$ and $v_0(p_T^b)$ within realistic hydrodynamic simulations. Then we present computations of $v_0(p_T)$ for different particle types. We determine the relation between the integrated $v_0$ and previously measured observables, and compare results from a hybrid hydrodynamics based model to experimental data. The effects of bulk viscosity and an initial pre-equilibrium stage on the results are quantified. We find that $v_0$ is strongly correlated with the initial state entropy per elliptic area, $S/A$. Using this result, we explain how the observed correlations between the elliptic flow and the transverse momentum (both in simulations and experiment) reflect the initial state correlations between $1/A$ and ellipticity $\varepsilon_2$ at fixed multiplicity. We argue that the systematic experimental study of $v_0$, with the same sophistication as used for the other $v_n$, can contribute significantly to our understanding of quark gluon plasma properties.
Prevalence of American Heart Association Heart Failure Stages in Black and White Young and Middle-Aged Adults: The CARDIA Study.

Background: Staging criteria for heart failure (HF) range from stage 0 (without risk) to being at risk (stage A) to presence of cardiac structural/functional abnormalities (stage B) to symptomatic/...
Radial oscillations and stability of multiple-fluid compact stars

I derive a system of pulsation equations for compact stars made up of an arbitrary number of perfect fluids that can be used to study radial oscillations and stability with respect to small perturbations. I assume spherical symmetry and that the only inter-fluid interactions are gravitational. My derivation is in line with Chandrasekhar's original derivation for the pulsation equation of a single-fluid compact star and keeps the contributions from the individual fluids manifest. I illustrate solutions to the system of pulsations equations with one-, two-, and three-fluid examples.
Blood Biomarkers Relate to Cognitive Performance Years after Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members and Veterans

Objective: This study examines the relationship of serum total tau, neurofilament light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with neurocognitive performance in service members and veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Service members (n = 488) with a history of uncomplicated mild (n = 172), complicated mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI (sTBI; n = 126), injured controls (n = 116), and non-injured controls (n = 74) prospectively enrolled from Military Treatment Facilities. Participants completed a blood draw and neuropsychological assessment a year or more post-injury. Six neuropsychological composite scores and presence/absence of mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) were evaluated. Within each group, stepwise hierarchical regression models were conducted. Results: Within the sTBI group, increased serum UCH-L1 was related to worse immediate memory and delayed memory (R 2Δ = .065–.084, ps < .05) performance, while increased GFAP was related to worse perceptual reasoning (R 2Δ = .030, p = .036). Unexpectedly, within injured controls, UCH-L1 and GFAP were inversely related to working memory (R 2Δ = .052–.071, ps < .05), and NFL was related to executive functioning (R 2Δ = .039, p = .021) and MNCD (Exp(B) = 1.119, p = .029). Conclusions: Results suggest GFAP and UCH-L1 could play a role in predicting poor cognitive outcome following complicated mild and more severe TBI. Further investigation of blood biomarkers and cognition is warranted.
Hemodynamically Unloading the Distal Pulmonary Circulation in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Modeling Study.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by a gradual increase in both resistive and reactive pulmonary arterial (PA) impedance. Previous studies in a rodent model of PH have shown that reducing the hemodynamic load in the left lung (by banding the left PA) reverses this remodeling phenomenon. However, banding a single side of the pulmonary circulation is not a viable clinical option, so-using in silico modeling-we evaluated if the banding effect can be recreated by replacing the proximal vasculature with a compliant synthetic PA. We developed a computational model of the pulmonary circulation by combining a one-dimensional model of the proximal vasculature with a zero-dimensional line transmission model to the 12th generation. Using this model, we performed four simulations: (1) Control; (2) PH; (3) PH with a stenosis in the left PA; and (4) PH with proximal vessel compliance returned to Control levels. Simulations revealed that vascular changes associated with PH result in an increase in pulse pressure (PP), maximum pressure (Pmax), maximum wall shear stress (WSS), and maximum circumferential stress (σθθ) relative to controls, in the distal circulation. Banding the left PA reduced these measurements of hemodynamic stress in the left lung, but increases them in the right lung. Furthermore, left PA banding increased reactive PA impedance. However, returning the proximal PA compliance to Control levels simultaneously decreased all measures of hemodynamic stress in both lungs, and returned reactive PA impedance to normal levels. In conclusion, if future in vivo studies support the idea of hemodynamic unloading as an effective therapy for PH, this can be surgically achieved by replacing the proximal PA with a compliant prosthesis, and it will have the added benefit of reducing reactive right ventricular afterload.
Interprofessional Inconsistencies in the Diagnosis of Shoulder Instability: Survey Results of Physicians and Rehabilitation Providers.

# Background Clinicians of many specialties within sports medicine care for athletes with shoulder instability, but successful outcomes are inconsistent. Consistency across specialties in the diagnosis of shoulder instability is critical for care of the athlete, yet the extent of divergence in its diagnosis is unknown. # Hypothesis Physicians differ from rehabilitation providers in which findings they deem clinically important to differentiate shoulder instability from impingement, and in how they diagnose athlete scenarios with atraumatic shoulder instability. # Study Design Cross-sectional study. # Methods Physicians (orthopaedic surgeons, primary care sports medicine physicians) and rehabilitation providers (physical therapists, athletic trainers) were asked via an online survey to rate clinical factors used to diagnose shoulder instability. Clinicians were also asked to diagnose two athlete scenarios with concurrent clinical findings of atraumatic shoulder instability and impingement, differentiated by the absence or presence of a positive sulcus sign. # Results Responses were recorded from 888 clinicians. Orthopaedic surgeons (N=170) and primary care sports medicine physicians (N=108) ranked physical examination factors as more important for the diagnosis of shoulder instability than patient history factors, whereas physical therapists (N=379) and athletic trainers (N=231) preferred patient history factors. Orthopaedic surgeons differed from physical therapists and athletic trainers in their clinical diagnoses for both scenarios (*P*≤0.001). # Conclusion A lack of consistency exists among sports medicine clinicians in recognizing which clinical factors are important when used to diagnose shoulder instability and in diagnoses given with concurrent findings of impingement. # Level of Evidence Level 3.
Tracking COVID Vaccine Mandates, Outcomes, and Case Rates: Leveraging Informatics to Support the COVID Response.

The ongoing pandemic (COVID-19) has prompted a fresh wave of clinical informatics tools deployed in the fight against the novel coronavirus. They span a range of functions, including triage applications, screening protocols, and exposure notification programs, many of which have been well-characterized in the literature and media alike. However, parallel efforts to apply informatics tools to a policy tracking context have as yet received scant attention. These would effectively “track the trackers,” enabling comparison between seemingly disparate interventions and imposing a sense of methodological order across the potpourri of COVID-19 laws, rules, and guidance across the United States. This editorial discusses the practical utility of developing these informatics and data visualization tools, before outlining a framework for doing so. They stand to offer key decisionmakers an implement for formulating targeted policy and augmenting existing initiatives, and as such should be actively promoted across the healthcare space.
Identifying Radiation-Induced Micro-SEFIs in SRAM FPGAs

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are susceptible to radiation-induced effects that can affect more than one memory cell. Radiation-induced microsingle event functional interrupts (micro-SEFIs) are one of such events that can upset several bits at a time. These events need to be studied because they can overcome protection from techniques such as triple modular redundancy (TMR) and error correction codes (ECCs). Extracting these events from radiation data helps to understand if specific resources of the FPGA are more vulnerable and the extent of this vulnerability. This article presents a method based on statistics and fault injection to identify micro-SEFIs from beam-test data in the configuration memory and block RAM (BRAM) of SRAM-based FPGAs. The results show the cross section of these events for the configuration RAM (CRAM) and BRAM for three families of Xilinx SRAM FPGAs gathered throughout three neutron tests. This article also contains data from a fault injection campaign to uncover the possible CRAM source bits causing micro-SEFIs in memory look-up tables (LUTs) of Xilinx 7-series and Ultrascale devices.
Demo: Discover, Provision, and Orchestration of Machine Learning Inference Services in Heterogeneous Edge

In recent years, the research community started to extensively study how edge computing can enhance the provisioning of a seamless and performing Machine Learning (ML) experience. Boosting the performance of ML inference at the edge became a driving factor especially for enabling those use-cases in which proximity to the data sources, near real-time requirements, and need of a reduced network latency represent a determining factor. The growing demand of edge-based ML services has been also boosted by an increasing market release of small-form factor inference accelerators devices that feature, however, heterogeneous and not fully interoperable software and hardware characteristics. A key aspect that has not yet been fully investigated is how to discover and efficiently optimize the provision of ML inference services in distributed edge systems featuring heterogeneous edge inference accelerators - not neglecting also that the limited devices computation capabilities may imply the need of orchestrating the inference execution provisioning among the different system's devices. The main goal of this demo is to showcase how ML inference services can be agnostically discovered, provisioned, and orchestrated in a cluster of heterogeneous and distributed edge nodes.
General value distribution theory

We shall introduce the main theorems of value distribution theory in the most general case of complex dimension one: analytic mappings of arbitrary Riemann surfaces into arbitrary Riemann surfaces. The case of mappings of arbitrary Riemann surfaces into closed Riemann surfaces was discussed in [41]. Earlier literature on analytic mappings is listed in the Bibliography.
A Culturally Correct Proposal to Privatize the British Columbia Salmon Fishery

Canada now faces two looming policy crises that have come to a head in British Columbia. The first is long-term depletion of the Pacific salmon fishery by mobile commercial ocean fishermen racing to intercept salmon under the rule of capture. The second is an unsettling series of native land claims resulting from Canadian Supreme Court case law recognizing and affirming "the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada." This essay relies on the economics of property rights to propose a privatization auction of the salmon fishery while promoting the Canadian commonwealth and respecting the tribes' distinctive aboriginal culture.
A new conceptual paradigm for the haemodynamics of salt-sensitive hypertension: a mathematical modelling approach

A conceptually novel mathematical model of neurogenic angiotensin II-salt hypertension is developed and analysed. The model consists of a lumped parameter circulatory model with two parallel vascular beds; two distinct control mechanisms for both natriuresis and arterial resistances can be implemented, resulting in four versions of the model. In contrast with the classical Guyton-Coleman model (GC model) of hypertension, in the standard version of our new model natriuresis is assumed to be independent of arterial pressure and instead driven solely by sodium intake; arterial resistances are driven by increased sympathetic nervous system activity in response to the elevated plasma angiotensin II and increased salt intake (AngII-salt). We compare the standard version of our new model against a simplified Guyton-Coleman model in which natriuresis is a function of arterial pressure via the pressure-natriuresis mechanism, and arterial resistances are controlled via the whole-body autoregulation mechanism. We show that the simplified GC model and the new model correctly predict haemodynamic and renal excretory responses to induced changes in angiotensin II and sodium inputs. Importantly, the new model reproduces the pressure-natriuresis relationship--the correlation between arterial pressure and sodium excretion--despite the assumption of pressure-independent natriuresis. These results show that our model provides a conceptually new alternative to Guyton's theory without contradicting observed haemodynamic changes or pressure-natriuresis relationships. Furthermore, the new model supports the view that hypertension need not necessarily have a renal aetiology and that long-term arterial pressure could be determined by sympathetic nervous system activity without involving the renal sympathetic nerves.
Efficient heuristic hypothesis ranking

This paper considers the problem of learning the ranking of a set of stochastic alternatives based upon incomplete information (i.e., a limited number of samples). We describe a system that, at each decision cycle, outputs either a complete ordering on the hypotheses or decides to gather additional information (i.e., observations) at some cost. The ranking problem is a generalization of the previously studied hypothesis selection problem -- in selection, an algorithm must select the single best hypothesis, while in ranking, an algorithm must order all the hypotheses. The central problem we address is achieving the desired ranking quality while minimizing the cost of acquiring additional samples. We describe two algorithms for hypothesis ranking and their application for the probably approximately correct (PAC) and expected loss (EL) learning criteria. Empirical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of these ranking procedures on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Physiology and psychophysics in taste and smell

The ability to recognize chemical stimuli in the external environment is a feature of living organisms ranging from bacteria to man. It has played a crucial role in the search for food, detection of adverse environments, and sexual behaviour. The transduction process of chemoreception in both lower organisms and higher vertebrates consists of binding of chemical stimuli to a receptor membrane, giving rise to a receptor generator potential. This potential either triggers a chemotactic response in lower organisms or is transmitted in the form of neural impulses to signal processing centres in higher animals. In vertebrates, chemical stimuli in external environments are received at gustatory and olfactory receptor cells. These cells detect chemicals, encode information about the intensity, duration and quality and transmit it to higher processing centres. This chapter discusses some aspects of current research in the physiology and psychophysics of taste and smell in vertebrates.