cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Genomic and Phylogenetic Perspective on Endosymbiosis and Algal Origin

Accounting for the diversity of photosynthetic eukaryotes is an important challenge in microbial biology. It has now become clear that endosymbiosis explains the origin of the photosynthetic organelle (plastid) in different algal groups. The first plastid originated from a primary endosymbiosis, whereby a previously non-photosynthetic protist engulfed and enslaved a cyanobacterium. This alga then gave rise to the red, green, and glaucophyte lineages. Algae such as the chlorophyll c-containing chromists gained their plastid through secondary endosymbiosis, in which an existing eukaryotic alga (in this case, a rhodophyte) was engulfed. Another chlorophyll c-containing algal group, the dinoflagellates, is a member of the alveolates that is postulated to be sister to chromists. The plastid in these algae has followed a radically different path of evolution. The peridinin-containing dinoflagellates underwent an unprecedented level of plastid genome reduction with the ca. 16 remaining genes encoded on 1–3 gene minicircles. In this short review, we examine algal plastid diversity using phylogenetic and genomic methods and show endosymbiosis to be a major force in algal evolution. In particular, we focus on the evolution of targeting signals that facilitate the import of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic proteins into the plastid.
Introduction to kidney dose-response for radionuclide therapy.

The proceedings of a MIRD-sponsored continuing medical education session entitled, “Kidney Dose–Response for Radionuclide Therapy,” held at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, in New Orleans in 2003, have been collected in this special section of Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. A few years ago, hematologic toxicity was the focus of concern in radionuclide therapy. The shift to concerns over renal toxicity reflects a number of developments in radionuclide therapy. Although the developments encompass, for example, peptidemediated receptor targeting,1 metabolic targeting using bone-seeking radionuclides,2 and engineered low-molecular-weight multivalent targeting,3 these can be generally described as a shift to constructs that have molecular weights substantially lower than the 150,000 daltons of intact antibodies. These smaller agents clear much more rapidly from the circulation than intact antibodies and, therefore, require substantially greater administered activities to deliver tumoricidal absorbed doses. The higher administered activities, the rapidclearance kinetics, and, most importantly, observations of delayed renal failure in a number of patients at kidney total absorbed doses not found to be toxic in external-beam radiotherapy experience2,4 have required a reexamination of:
An interactive high-level debugger for control-flow optimized programs

The transformations performed by an optimizing compiler have traditionally impeded interactive debugging in source language terms. A prototype system called Navigator has been developed for debugging optimized programs written in Cedar, an Algol-like language. Navigator can be used to monitor program execution flow in the presence of two optimizations: inline procedure expansion and cross-jumping (merging identical tails of code paths that join). This paper describes the problems that these two optimizations create for debugging and Navigator's solutions to these problems. The selected approach collects extra information during the optimization phases of compilation. At runtime, Navigator uses the additional information to hide the effects of the optimizations from the programmer.
Ominous cervical cytopathology in women with lupus.

Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, The Detroit Medical Center and Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, USA Center for Health Care Effectiveness Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
The contraceptive potential of fertilization: a physiological perspective

A specialist in reproduction and infertility reviews the physiology of fertilization and the contraceptive potential of fertilization. Suppression of the process by which spermatozoa can fertilize an ovum (capacitation) would be an attractive mode of contraception but we do not know what factor(s) promote sperm capacitation in vivo. Other potential interventions are along the approach of spermatozoa to the ovum: sperm transport and the cumulus oophorus which houses the ovum. Sperm interaction with the egg is another potential intervention mechanism. This comprises several stages: sperm binding to the zona pellucida induction of the acrosome reaction sperm penetration of the zona pellucida and zona penetrability and the block to polyspermy. A detailed discussion revolves around gamete fusion (i.e. sperm fusion with the zona pellucida). There is limited information about the accessibility of the fertilization site to drugs or other molecules and the principles that regulate their transfer. Fertilization research has focused almost entirely on mammals and not other vertebrates which provides little biological perspective to the relative complexity of humans. The immunogenetics of each major sperm antigen needs to be established to avoid unacceptable variability.
Fusion of Lysosomes with Phagosomes Containing Histoplasma Capsulatum: Use of Fluoresceinated Dextran

The yeast form of Histoplasma capsulatum is able to survive and proliferate inside macrophages (1), the primary target cells for this dimorphic fungal pathogen. Rather than clearing these yeasts from the lung, the macrophages instead harbor the organism and promote the development of a severe pulmonary or disseminated disease. We now believe that the lack of an oxidative burst by macrophages which encounter H. capsulatum (2, 3) may permit the yeasts to enter host cells undamaged. However, the subsequent fate of the phagocytized H. capsulatum yeasts is unclear.
The Effect of Femoral Neck Fractures on Femoral Head Blood Flow

Treatment of femoral neck fractures remains a significant clinical challenge. The choice between femoral head replacement and internal fixation must take into account the patient's age, activity level, degree of osteoporosis, and medical condition. If open reduction and internal fixation is chosen, an understanding of the vascular pathophysiology of femoral neck fractures is helpful to insure the best clinical result. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head and non-union of the femoral neck fracture are the two most common complications following fixation of a femoral neck fracture. The vascular damage from the fracture itself significantly reduces femoral head perfusion. Therefore, a careful and anatomic (or slightly valgus) reduction, followed by rigid fixation with three pins, three screws, or a hip screw construct, is advised. There is experimental and clinical evidence that "emergent" open reduction and internal fixation and capsulotomy may lessen the vascular insult from the femoral neck fracture itself.
Mishandling Sexual Assault, and Other Military Problems

The US military today is full of problems, ranging from its corrosive and destructive campaign ostensibly targeting sexual assault but actually designed to satisfy politicians, to the rampant malfeasance of numerous commanders removed from their posts. These problems are the result of the military’s too-great reliance on self-serving notions like “character” and on the personal nature of command in the military, as well as the fact that the military acts even within its ranks by top-down force, not discussion and rationality.
Embedded and real-time programming with ADA: conference workshop

This workshop provides instructors with knowledge that can help to bring their students with traditional backgrounds in sequential programming up to speed in the embedded real-time domain.
The Effects of Collimator Malpositioning in Seven Pinhole Tomography

We tested the effect of seven pinhole collimator positioning on circumferential count profiles during tha/lium-201 myocardial imaging by imaging a left ventricular phantom at various angles. The seven pinhole row data images and profiles were identifinble as malpositioned when the collimator was malpositioned by 10° or more. The phantom's "cold" spot was shown to propagate into adjacent planes and also into other regions of the heart as a function of collimator positioning. We then developed a method for systematically positioning the collimator correctly, which should aid in preventing similar artifacts in clinical studies.
Incidence of hypocalcemia in patients receiving denosumab for prevention of skeletal-related events in bone metastasis.

Background Denosumab therapy is commonly used for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastasis. However, a common side effect of denosumab is hypocalcemia. Objective The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients receiving denosumab for prevention of skeletal-related events in bone metastasis and evaluate risk factors for developing hypocalcemia. Methods This was a retrospective medication use evaluation reviewing the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients receiving outpatient denosumab for prevention of skeletal-related events at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Additionally, various risk factors were reviewed to determine their risk of developing hypocalcemia. Results As per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03, of the 106 patients included in the study population, 37 (35%) patients had an incidence of hypocalcemia within 30 days of denosumab administration. Fourteen patients (13.2%) had an incidence of grade 1, 13 patients (12.3%) had an incidence of grade 2 hypocalcemia, and 7 patients (6.6%) had an incidence of grade 3 hypocalcemia. Grade 4 hypocalcemia occurred in three (2.8%) patients. Calcium supplementation did not decrease the risk of developing hypocalcemia. Patients who had one or more episodes of acute kidney insufficiency were at a higher risk of developing hypocalcemia (odds ratio = 7.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.8-36.3), p = 0.001). Conclusion This study found that the overall incidence of hypocalcemia and severe hypocalcemia was higher than reported in clinical trials. Additionally, calcium supplementation did not have an effect on incidence of hypocalcemia, while patients who experienced acute kidney insufficiency while on denosumab had a higher likelihood of developing hypocalcemia.
Picturing Medical Progress from Pasteur to Polio: A History of Mass Media Images and Popular Attitudes in America by Bert Hansen New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009, 348 Pp.

(2010). Picturing Medical Progress from Pasteur to Polio: A History of Mass Media Images and Popular Attitudes in America by Bert Hansen New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009, 348 Pp. American Journalism: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 123-124.
Effect evaluation of laparoscope therapy for ectopic pregnancy

Objective To observe the laparoscopic minimally invasive surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy clinical effects.Methods 73 cases of ectopic pregnancy in patients from February 2007 to February 2009 were divided into two groups respectively,for the laparoscopic group and open group,including the laparoscopic group operative laparoscopic laparotomy group with conventional surgery,including tubal fenestration and resection.The two groups were compared hospitalization time,blood loss,and postoperative anal exhaust time,the use of analgesic drugs four surgical indicators.Results The laparoscopic group hospitalization time,blood loss,and postoperative anal exhaust time,analgesic drug use and other indicators,and the conditions were better preserve fertility in patients in the laparotomy group(P 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery have a large degree of improvement compared to the conventional open surgery,can greatly shorten the length of hospital stay,reduce blood loss and operative time,so as to reduce the suffering of patients and accelerate the disease turn more clinical further promotion.
Analysis of biological properties and virulence gene characteristics of Vibrio cholerae in Haining

Objective:To analysis of serotype distribution and biological properties and virulence gene and to develop strategies for the prevention and control of Cholerae.Methods:Samples were collected and tested from external environment water,food,delicatessen,sea food products and diarrhea patients from 2005 to 2008.Bacterial strains were isolated and tested.The positive water were tested temperature,pH,oxygen consumption and chloride.Results:Totally 2680 samples were collected and 104 strains of Vibrio cholerae were idendified,the positive rate was 4.03%.Identified by serological typing: EVC Rice leaves had 38 strains,accounted for 36.54%,EVC Ogawa had 16 strains,accounted for 15.38%,O139 had 50 strains,accounted for 48.08%.Type of 23 strains Vibrio cholerae phage to O1 EVC rice leaf-1 f majority,accounting for 86.96%(20/23).14 strains Vibrio cholerae virulence gene test results were positive with ctx,ace,zot virulence genes.Sensitivity test of O1 and O139 Vibrio cholerae′s antibacterial drugs have different resistance levels,the resistance rate of SD up to100%.The sensitive rate of CF,FRA,AKN are as high as100%.Type of bacteria in river is complex,O139,Ogawa,rice leaf coexist.O139 and Ogawa could be tested where the water tempeture lower 6℃ and pH value was about 6.6 and chloride was 49.7 mg/L and oxygen consumption was 16.4 mg/L.Conclusion:Type of bacteria in river was complex in Haining,O139,Ogawa,rice leaf coexist.Virulence gene detection were producing strains and senstiving to CF,FRA,AKN.O139 and Ogawa could live in the lower water tempeture and lower chloride and higher oxygen consumption.
1D to 3D Crossover of a Spin-Imbalanced Fermi Gas.

We have characterized the one-dimensional (1D) to three-dimensional (3D) crossover of a two-component spin-imbalanced Fermi gas of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms in a 2D optical lattice by varying the lattice tunneling and the interactions. The gas phase separates, and we detect the phase boundaries using in situ imaging of the inhomogeneous density profiles. The locations of the phases are inverted in 1D as compared to 3D, thus providing a clear signature of the crossover. By scaling the tunneling rate $t$ with respect to the pair binding energy ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{B}$, we observe a collapse of the data to a universal crossover point at a scaled tunneling value of ${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{t}}_{c}=0.025(7)$.
Economics and the Mutation of Political Doctrine

The term “political economy” seems to have entered modern discourse for the first time in 1611 in a treatise on government by L. de Mayerne-Turquet.1 Four years later a fellow “Consultant Administrator,” Antoyne de Montchretien, Sieur de Watteville (c.1575–1621), published his Traicte de l’oeconomie politique (1615), which though “a mediocre performance and completely lacking in originality,”2 marks the beginning of an intellectual enterprise that has continued — with some large ups and downs — to this day. The object of that enterprise is to generalize Aristotle’s οικονομικη (“economics”) to the level of the πολιτeια (“commonwealth” or “state”). For in Aristotle’s Politics3 “economics” is to be construed as “the art of household management” where “household” means a more or less self-sufficient, manorial estate. Hence at the outset “political economy” was an attempt to extend the art of estate management to the needs and resources of a modern nation state, of which France was in the 1600s the foremost example.
A Regulatory Perspective

Publisher Summary This chapter presents Crew Resource Management (CRM) primarily from the perspective of the United States (US) regulatory system, administered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA and other regulatory authorities around the world recognize the importance of CRM as a necessary and significant contributor to aviation safety. It opens up with a brief primer of the underlying philosophy of aviation regulation as a form of risk management. It describes the history and philosophical basis of some of the key aviation regulations in the US system. It then focuses on specific aspects of CRM—crew coordination and communication, error management, and flight crew monitoring. The chapter discusses how these aspects of CRM fit into the regulatory structure for equipment design, flight crew training, and flight crew procedures. A discussion of future examples is presented where implementation of CRM is important and concludes with a description of where regulatory material for resource management is applied to other areas besides flight crews. This propagation of resource management considerations throughout the regulatory material reflects the growing understanding of the importance of this area—but it needs to be even more widespread. Applications of CRM concepts to air traffic personnel, to the communication and coordination between pilots and ATS, among pilots, maintenance, dispatchers, cabin crew, and others remain important and can be improved even further.
Chapter 2 – Forces and moments

Publisher Summary The principal forces that act on space vehicles are gravity, thrust, and within planetary atmospheres, aerodynamic drag and lift. Thrust is derived from rocket motors and is an essential feature of launch vehicles and upper-stage vehicles. On a much smaller scale, thrust is also used on artificial satellites and other spacecraft for position and attitude control. Aerodynamic forces are important for launch vehicles as well as for space vehicles that operate in a planetary atmosphere. This is particularly so in the case of reentry vehicles—that is, recoverable vehicles that re-enter the earth's atmosphere on their return from a space mission. Aerodynamic forces—although often minute—may also result from the interaction of a spacecraft with the tenuous gas of the outer atmosphere. In the case of an orbiting spacecraft, after repeated revolutions, the effects on position due to these forces tend to accumulate with time and can become highly significant in disturbing the orbit. The very small force that results from the solar radiation pressure can also play a role in spacecraft orbits. Solar sailing, which would use solar radiation pressure for thrust, is a distinct future possibility. To predict the paths of near-earth orbiting spacecraft, a more exact knowledge of the gravitational acceleration is needed. This knowledge can be obtained by a combination of geodesic and gravimetric measurements on the surface of the earth, which can then be used to infer the gravitational field everywhere externally to the earth. This is made possible by the application of a well-known theorem in potential theory.
“Adam Smith did Humanomics: So Should We”

Economics ignores persuasion in the economy. The economics of asymmetric “information” or common “knowledge” over the past 40 years speaks of costs and benefits but bypasses persuasion, “sweet talk.” Sweet talk accounts for a quarter of national income, and so is not mere “cheap talk.” Research should direct economics and the numerous other social sciences influenced by economics back towards human meaning in speech – meaning which has even in the most rigorously behaviorist experiments been shown to matter greatly to the outcome. Sweet talk is deeply unpredictable, which connects it to the troubled economics of entrepreneurship, of discovery, and of innovation. The massive innovation leading to the Great Enrichment of modern economic growth since 1800 is a leading case in point. Economic historians are beginning to find that material causes of the Great Enrichment do not work, and that changes in rhetoric do work, such as the Enlightenment and the Bourgeois Revaluation and above all Adam Smith’s “liberal plan of equality, liberty, and justice.” It is not, however, the new institutional economics, which is Samuelsonian economics redux. A new economic history emerges, using all the evidence for the scientific task: books as much as bonds, entrepreneurial courage and hope as much as managerial prudence and temperance.
The Tension Between Psychology and Theology: An Anthropological Solution

Having traced the etymological roots of the tension between psychology and theology (Vande Kemp, 1982), the author discusses the presence of a twentieth-century “psychology without a soul.” Some as...
The DC conductivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films

Poly(vinylidene flouride), PVDF, has recently attained commercial importance because, when oriented and poled, it becomes both piezo- and pyroelectric [1]. Yet, when determination of the DC conductivity is required over a temperature range, it is this same pyroelectricity which interferes, virtually precluding the determination of the DC conductivity in this material.
Solar photo-thermochemical reactor design for carbon dioxide processing

Abstract The direct use of solar energy for chemical processing, such as the synthesis of solar fuels, is an appealing alternative to mitigate environmental emissions while fulfilling the global demand for fuels. The design and evaluation of a direct solar receiver-reactor designed for gas-phase chemical synthesis is presented. The design rationale aims to promote concurrent gas-phase thermochemical and photochemical reactions below 1000 °C. The stainless-steel reactor chamber is designed to act as a light trapping cavity to increase photon absorption and to induce long gas residence times through a porous catalytic monolith. The experimentally determined radiative flux distribution map from a high-flux solar simulator is used for the dimensioning of the reactor’s optical aperture. Metal (Cu) catalytic monoliths, designed to have relatively large specific surface and adequate light transmission, are evaluated to determine their light attenuation characteristics and resistance to fluid flow. The designed reactor is evaluated with the direct decomposition of carbon dioxide (CO2). A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to analyze the reactor design and complement experimental evaluations. The model describes the gas flow throughout the chamber together with radiation transport and heterogeneous chemistry across the porous catalytic monolith. Experimental results are used for validation of the CFD model and to calibrate kinetic parameters of the heterogeneous chemical kinetics model. The findings indicate sub-optimal light transmission through the catalytic monolith given the rapid conversion of incident radiation into heat, and prompts to the need for co-optimization of the catalytic monolith’s porous structure for light transmission and heterogeneous reactivity. The experimental results show a marked increase in CO2 reduction efficiency with increasing radiation flux but the CO2 decomposition with Cu catalyst is negligible at the tested temperatures. The reactor design methodology and evaluation can assist the devising of equipment and processes for the synergistic use of high-temperature photo- and thermo-catalysts to potentially allow CO2 conversion at lower temperatures than exclusively solar thermochemical processes.
Phylogeny within the Anacardiaceae predicts host range of potential biological control agents of Brazilian peppertree

Predicting the host range of a biological control agent prior to release is one of the most important steps in the development of new agents. Knowing which species are most at risk of this non-target damage improves the predictability of these tests. To predict safety, the potential agent is exposed to a subset of the entire flora that represents valued native, agricultural and ornamental plant species. The list of plants includes those species that are the closest relatives to the target weed. To identify these species, molecular phylogenies can be useful tools that potentially identify the most vulnerable plant species. While conducting biological control research of the invasive weed Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia, we conducted nuclear ITS1 and chloroplast trnL-F analysis of agricultural, commercial and native plants that are related to the weed. The results of this analysis support recent phylogenetic studies that have established two subfamily clades of the Anacardiaceae, the Anacardioideae and the Spondioideae. Moreover, our results indicate that species of concern from the genera Cotinus, Lithrea, Pistacia, Rhus, Toxicodendron, and Schinus, group together in the Anacardioideae, whereas the Spondias species, group in the Spondioideae subfamily clade. Further, the closest relatives to the target weed, those species most at risk of non-target damage by biological control agents include members of the Schinus and Lithrea genera. A review of the host testing results of 17 potential biological control candidates indicated that three of these species show a significant phylogenetic signal in their host range. These three species, the sawfly, Heteroperreyia hubrichi, the foliar gall inducing psyllid Calophya latiforceps, and the thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini have been recommended for release by USDA/APHIS/TAG. The remaining herbivore species do not sufficiently restrict their host range to the closest relatives but feed generally throughout the Anacardiaceae family. For members of this plant family our results indicate that a significant phylogenetic signal with host range was found for herbivore species identified for biological control of Brazilian peppertree. These results indicate that the testing of species with high phylogenetic distances, such as safeguard species, could be minimized without loss of host range predictability of potential biological control agents.
Translational Ethics: A Novel Framework for Research Ethics

The pace of technological innovation, the complex clinical research enterprise and increased public expectation for health benefits has led to the adoption of a new strategy of research inquiry: translational science. This model aims to encourage a team-based, interdisciplinary approach to patient oriented research by increasing the efficiency by which discoveries are implemented to clinical practice. The goals of translational science require a shift of perspective from traditional approaches to research ethics to that of a more humanistic framework. The core of this re-interpretation is the claim that the mere application of formal rules, codes, regulatory procedures, and ethical principles undermines and even ignores the moral content of the practice of translational science. Rather, translational ethics draws on humanities approaches to integrate relationship building, interdisciplinarity and narrative interpretation within a multidisciplinary, team-based setting. In this way, ethical values and norms are generated, experienced and shared through relationships, dialogue, reflection, and support. By adopting this humanistic framework, the translational ethicist seeks to broaden the ethical competence of translational scientists, deepen understanding of the subjective experiences of research participants, and enlarge the capacity and sustainability of trust within research institutions and the communities they serve. By integrating the values common to both science and ethics and aligning the aspirations at the core of these human endeavors, researchers and ethicists strive together to improve the practice of science.
Online censorship, cyberattacks, and access to information

Dan Keyserling, head of communications at Jigsaw, an incubator within Alphabet, shares how technology can help address global challenges, especially on the front lines of press freedom, political repression, and human rights.
Evaluating an open-loop functional electrical stimulation controller for holding the shoulder and elbow configuration of a paralyzed arm

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a promising solution for restoring functional motion to individuals with paralysis, but the potential for achieving full-arm reaching motions with FES for various desired tasks has not been realized. We present an open-loop controller capable of calculating and applying the necessary muscle stimulations to hold the wrist of an individual with high tetraplegia at any desired position. We used the controller to hold the wrist at a series of static positions. The controller was capable of discriminating between different wrist positions. The average distance to the target wrist position, or accuracy, was 7.7 cm. The average radius of the 95% confidence ellipsoid for a set of trials with the same muscle stimulations, or precision, was 6.7 cm. Adding feedback or online model updates will likely improve the accuracy for tasks requiring finer control. The controller is a good first step to controlling full-arm motions with FES.
Metformin Suppressed CXCL8 Expression and Cell Migration in HEK293/TLR4 Cell Line

Chronic inflammation is associated with cancer. CXCL8 promotes tumor microenvironment construction through recruiting leukocytes and endothelial progenitor cells that are involved in angiogenesis. It also enhances tumor cell proliferation and migration. Metformin, type II diabetes medication, demonstrates anticancer properties via suppressing inflammation, tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This study intended to address the role of metformin in regulation of CXCL8 expression and cell proliferation and migration. Our data indicated that metformin suppressed LPS-induced CXCL8 expression in a dose-dependent manner through inhibiting NF-κB, but not AP-1 and C/EBP, activities under the conditions we used. This inhibitory effect of metformin is achieved through dampening LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Cell migration was inhibited by metformin under high dose (10 mM), but not cell proliferation.
Dependence of image quality of LGE-MRI of the left atrium on the acceptance rate of respiratory navigator and acquisition time

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common sustained cardiac arrhythmia associated with increased risks of heart failure and stroke. Late gadolinium enhanced MRI (LGE-MRI) is being routinely used to assess and manage the treatment of AF. To acquire LGE images of thin left atrial (LA) wall high-resolution 3D inversion recovery prepared GRE pulse sequence with cardiac gating and respiratory navigation should be used. This makes the image quality dependent on the patient’s heart rate and respiration pattern. In this work, we study the effect of the patient respiration on image quality of LGE-MRI of LA.
ILP-Based Identification of Redundant Logic Insertions for Opportunistic Yield Improvement during Early Process Learning

As semiconductor technology advances, leading-edge product companies must rapidly improve yield for designs that seek to reach mass production while early in the adoption of a new technology node; otherwise, products may be unviable in the marketplace. In this paper, we are the first to study the possible mitigation by opportunistic, last-stage redundant logic insertion to mitigate yield loss in early advanced-node production. We describe a yield estimation methodology, and propose an integer linear programming (ILP)-based optimization of redundant logic insertion for opportunistic yield optimization. In our approach, we first identify potential logic clusters for replication by top-down application of multilevel FM partitioning. We then select promising clusters whose replication maximizes design yield without hurting design timing. Our experimental results show the potential for significant yield improvement with minor timing impact.
City-level urban form and traffic safety: A structural equation modeling analysis of direct and indirect effects

Abstract While most existing studies have examined the impact of the community- and street-level built environment on traffic safety, few have provided empirical evidence on the associations between urban form characteristics and traffic safety at the city level. To this end, this article first created a detailed list of 23 variables to measure city-level urban form of 100 major Urban Areas (UAs) in the United States and then applied factor analysis to construct five latent variables which describe urban form. Factor analysis is also used to define mediator variables reflecting citywide transportation network features and dependent variable of traffic safety. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is then used to investigate how city-level urban form, directly and indirectly (through mediators of transportation network features), affects traffic safety. Based on the statistical results, urban traffic is safer in UAs with more uniform job-housing balance among their different tracts, more polycentric design, and less low-density sprawl. In addition to spatial variation in employment and urban density that have significant direct effect on traffic safety, improving transportation network connectivity and increasing the supply of public transit facilities and upper-level transport infrastructures can decrease traffic fatalities indirectly, through encouraging the use of non-driving transport modes. It is estimated that a 10% increase in urban density as well as a 10% increase in even spatial distribution of employment can reduce the rate of fatal crashes by >15%, on average. These findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating city-level land-use policies into the planning practices, in terms of traffic safety.
Coping with self and academic talent

This study tested a possible explanatory framework of the coping and adaptation of 159 academically able seventh graders by exploring their strengths and vulnerabilities in coping with their differences, their peer relationship styles, and their patterns of achievement motivation. All of the youth in this sample scored in the 97th percentile on grade-level standardized tests with one fourth scoring at the mean of college-bound seniors on the SAT, an above-grade-level test for this age group. The range of responses included a bifurcated distribution pattern of strengths and vulnerabilities in values related to achievement motivation and normal distribution patterns in coping with self and academic ability and peer relationship style. The findings support use of structured self-reports in obtaining academically able youths' perspectives on self-in-context and as a supplement in psychosocial assessment.
Loss of adrenergic augmentation of diastolic intra-LV pressure difference in patients with diastolic dysfunction: evaluation by color M-mode echocardiography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the adrenergic response of the intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) is reduced in patients with preserved ejection fract...
Technology Transfer, Economic Development, and the Perpetuation of Poverty: Resource Creation Versus Frugality

Distrust of new technologies is deeply rooted in Western culture. Some forms of resistance to new technology are endemic to the societal process of innovating technology. Technology, as ideas, as skills, and as behavior, involves a complex of institutional beliefs and practices, sentiments, and symbols, to which people acquire an emotional attachment that makes them resistant to change. Though much of the criticism of modern technology emerges out of the Western cultural tradition, the movements seeking alternate technologies have found resonance and respectability among thinkers of vastly diverse cultural, institutional, and educational backgrounds. Though many of the movements’ leaders have advanced degrees, most of their members fundamentally do not understand modern technology and science.
"Who's Caring for Us?": Understanding and Addressing the Effects of Emotional Labor on Home Health Aides' Well-being.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interventions to strengthen the home care workforce focus on workers' economic and physical well-being, without acknowledging the caring labor affecting emotional well-being. Our study examined workers' perceptions of the emotional effects of caring work, coping mechanisms, and desired support. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted 4 worker focus groups (n = 27). Moderators cross-checked codes and themes, and aides provided input through report-backs. RESULTS Building close, trusting relationships with clients was central to aides' emotional well-being. Well-being was also influenced by relationships with client families and agency supervisors, work-life balance, and the level to which aides felt their work was valued. Aides were largely alone in managing job stressors and desired more communication, connection, and support from supervisors and peers. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Recognizing and supporting the emotional demands of caring work is crucial to strengthening the workforce. Policy makers and agencies must realign reimbursement systems, job descriptions, and care plans to include measures of emotional labor, improve communication between workers and supervisors, and provide training, mental health benefits, and peer support.
Simulating the effects of underground nuclear explosions with an exploding wire

Exploding wires can deposit significant amounts of energy on nS–µS timescales into a confined space. Most exploding wire studies have been performed in air but we have started to investigate enclosing the wire element in solid matrices like concrete to mimic the effects of an underground nuclear explosion. Temperatures and pressures achieved are quite sufficient to induce structural cracking and localized flash melting. As a result exploding wires would appear to form the perfect trigger for releasing chemical species in geological media to study migration behavior. Details of the apparatus and some illustrations of its potential will be given.
MRI guidance technology development in a large animal model for hyperlocal analgesics delivery to the epidural space and dorsal root ganglion

Abstract Background Development of new analgesic drugs or gene therapy vectors for spinal delivery will be facilitated by “hyperlocal” targeting of small therapeutic injectate volumes if spine imaging technology can be used that is ready for future clinical translation. New Method This study provides methods for MRI-guided drug delivery to the periganglionic epidural space and the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the Yucatan swine. Results Phantom studies showed artifact-corrected needle localization with frequency encoding parallel to the needle shaft, while maximizing bandwidth (125 KHz) minimized needle artifact. A custom constructed 8–12 element surface coil (phased array) wrapped over the spine in conjunction with lateral recumbent positioning achieved diagnostic quality signal to noise ratio at the depth of the DRG and afforded transforaminal access via anterolateral or posterolateral vectors, as well as interlaminar access. Swine epidural anatomy was homologous with human anatomy. Injectate containing 2% gadolinium allowed imaging of injectate volumes in increments as small as 10 microliters and discrimination of epidural flow from intraparenchymal injectate delivery into a DRG. All technical and technological elements of the procedure appear clinically translatable. Comparison with Existing Methods Computed tomographic or fluoroscopic guidance cannot directly visualize drug delivery into the DRG due to contrast medium toxicity, nor reliably identify epidural injection volumes of Conclusions MRI-guided hyperlocal delivery in swine provides a translatable and faithful model of future human spinal novel drug- or gene therapy vector delivery.
Comparative Performance of Urinary Biomarkers for Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury According to Timeline of Injury.

Urinary biomarkers are superior to serum creatinine for defining onset and extent of kidney injury. This study classifies the temporal predictive ability of biomarkers for vancomycin-induced kidney injury (VIKI) as defined by histopathologic damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 125) were randomized to receive 150 to 400 mg/kg of body weight/day vancomycin via once or twice daily intraperitoneal injection over 1, 3, or 6 days. Urine was collected once during the 24 h prior to euthanasia or twice for rats treated for 6 days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to assess the urinary biomarker performances of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin, osteopontin (OPN), cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) to predict histopathologically defined VIKI (using a national standard pathological assessment scheme from hematoxylin and eosin stained kidneys). Urinary KIM-1, clusterin, and OPN outperformed cystatin C and NGAL with regard to sensitivity and specificity. For the earliest injury, urinary KIM-1 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.662; P < 0.001) and clusterin (AUC, 0.706; P < 0.001) were the most sensitive for predicting even low-level histopathologic damage at 24 h compared to NGAL. KIM-1 and clusterin are the earliest and most sensitive predictors of VIKI. As injury progresses, KIM-1, clusterin, and OPN best define the extent of damage.
La Danza del Venado pokomchí y las alternativas de apoyo gubernamental para la salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural inmaterial The Pokomchí Deer Dance and the alternatives of governmental support

Desde finales de la guerra civil guatemalteca y debido a los esfuerzos del movimiento cultural maya, durante las diferentes administraciones del gobierno central se han mostrado avances para reconocer y salvaguardar el patrimonio cultural inmaterial maya. Es asi como diversos grupos culturales mayas han aprovechado la financiacion gubernamental a nivel nacional, asi como la de otras organizaciones internacionales, como la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Educacion, la Ciencia y la Cultura (Unesco, siglas en ingles). Sin embargo, los organizadores de la Danza del Venado pokomchi no han solicitado financiamiento de fuentes externas, a pesar de las dificultades que enfrentan cada ano para llevarla a cabo. Este documento investiga la Danza como un vehiculo para la independencia cultural a traves de la critica de las estructuras de poder coloniales y postcoloniales, asi como a traves de la transmision del conocimiento maya. Debido a su deseo de permanecer independientes de la financiacion externa, la cofradia del barrio San Cristobal cuenta con un patron espiritual para realizar su festival anual. La investigacion se basa en una etnografia de la danza; asimismo se recurre a un rastreo etnohistorico para encontrar informacion de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Finalmente se presenta un analisis del discurso en los portadores, danzantes y duenos de baile.
Effect of organic C on stable Fe isotope fractionation and isotope exchange kinetics between aqueous Fe(II) and ferrihydrite at neutral pH

Abstract Low-temperature geochemical cycling of Fe, C, nutrients, and toxic metals in nature are largely regulated by the stability and reactivity of fine-grained ferrihydrite. The presence of impurities such as C and Si in ferrihydrite structure are found to inhibit the rapid transformation of ferrihydrite to more stable iron oxides upon interaction with aqueous Fe(II). Therefore, understanding the factors controlling the reactivity of ferrihydrite, especially in the presence of C, is critical to evaluate the role of ferrihydrite in geochemical cycles. Equilibrium stable isotope fractionations are fundamental thermodynamic properties and therefore equilibrium fractionation in 56Fe/54Fe ratios reflects the nature of Fe bonding in ferrihydrite and its reactivity. In this study, we investigated stable Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(II) and ferrihydrite-organic matter coprecipitates to evaluate whether previously documented inhibition of mineralogical transformation by organic C is accompanied by changes in Fe isotope fractionation. Experiments conducted using Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) that was coprecipitated with ferrihydrite (molar C:Fe = 1.2) produced an equilibrium 56Fe/54Fe fractionation of −2.36 ± 0.26‰ between aqueous Fe(II) and ferrihydrite-SRNOM coprecipitates. This fractionation factor significantly differs from that previously determined between Fe(II)aq and pure ferrihydrite (−3.20‰) but is similar to that measured for Fe(II)aq-Si-ferrihydrite (−2.58 ± 0.14‰, molar Fe:Si = 1). Furthermore, the addition of C in the ferrihydrite structure at molar C:Fe ∼1.2 markedly increased the extent of Fe isotope exchange to a similar degree as observed with Si-ferrihydrite with molar Fe:Si ∼1. These observations suggest similar effects on both bonding and reactivity of ferrihydrite upon addition of equimolar C and Si. Due to the coexistence of ferrihydrite with organic matter in nature (e.g., wetlands), these results are important for understanding Fe isotope fractionation and exchange kinetics during mineral-fluid interactions in natural ferrihydrite-bearing systems.
Multicentric Castleman disease with TAFRO syndrome and Sjögren's

We describe a patient with Castleman's disease with TAFRO syndrome and concurrent Sjogren's syndrome and investigate whether the autoimmune process may have accelerated the onset of her Castleman's disease. Patient was treated with R-CVP therapy with remission of symptoms although there is no current standard treatment.
Si 28 ( d , p ) Si 29 Reaction

The 15-Mev deuteron beam of the University of Pittsburgh cyclotron was used to study the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{28}(d, p){\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$ reaction. Angular distributions of protons from most of the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$ levels up to an excitation energy of 6.4 Mev were obtained. Good agreement with the 8-Mev deuteron results of Holt and Marsham (at a deuteron energy of 8 Mev) was found, except in a few cases where an $l=2$ distribution showed low-angle peaking in one of the experiments but not in the other. The angular distributions of the 5.94- and 6.19-Mev states in ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$, not previously reported, were obtained. Butler curves with $l=2$ and $l=3$, respectively, were fitted to these two distributions. A somewhat unusual evaporation technique used to prepare the necessary targets from small quantities of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ with relatively high collection efficiency is described.
Constrained choices: Combined influences of work, social circumstances, and social location on time-dependent health behaviors

Abstract Background Physical activity and sleep are two time-dependent behaviors with important health implications. The amount of time people have to engage in these behaviors may vary based on their everyday work, social circumstances (e.g., parenthood), and social location (e.g., gender). Aims The current study aimed to explore the ways work, social circumstances, and social locations combine that lead to heterogeneity in the time-dependent health behaviors of physical activity and time spent in bed (i.e., sleep) among a young adult population. We drew upon two conceptual frameworks—Constrained Choices and an intersectionality perspective—and examined multiple work characteristics (e.g., number of jobs), social circumstances (e.g., household income), and social locations (e.g., U.S. nativity) relevant to young adulthood. Methods 2015–2016 data from a Minneapolis-St. Paul, U.S. cohort of 1830 young adults (25–36 years) were analyzed using conditional inference tree (CIT)—a data-driven approach which identifies population sub-groups that differ in their outcome values as well as in the interacting factors that predict outcome differences. Sensitivity analyses to evaluate CIT robustness were also performed. Results CITs revealed four relevant sub-groups for physical activity (sub-group averages ranged = 2.9–4.9 h per week), with working mothers achieving the least activity, and six relevant sub-groups for time in bed (range = 7.8–8.7 h per day), with full-time working men obtaining the least. In both models, parent status and employment status/hours were found to consistently differentiate behavior among women but not men. Conclusion According to these data, time to engage in physical activity and time in bed was constrained by particular everyday contexts (work and parent status) and the extent to which these contexts mattered also depended on gender. If replicated in other studies, results suggest equitable strategies are necessary to assist all parents and workers in engaging in these time-dependent health behaviors for long-term health.