cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The translesion polymerase pol η is required for efficient epstein-barr virus infectivity and is regulated by the viral deubiquitinating enzyme BPLF1

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and lytic replication are known to induce a cellular DNA damage response. We previously showed that the virally encoded BPLF1 protein interacts with and regulates several members of the translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway, a DNA damage tolerance pathway, and that these cellular factors enhance viral infectivity. BPLF1 is a late lytic cycle gene, but the protein is also packaged in the viral tegument, indicating that BPLF1 may function both early and late during infection. The BPLF1 protein expresses deubiquitinating activity that is strictly conserved across the Herpesviridae; mutation of the active site cysteine results in a loss of enzymatic activity. Infection with an EBV BPLF1 knockout virus results in decreased EBV infectivity. Polymerase eta (Pol η), a specialized DNA repair polymerase, functions in TLS and allows for DNA replication complexes to bypass lesions in DNA. Here we report that BPLF1 interacts with Pol η and that Pol η protein levels are increased in the presence of functional BPLF1. BPLF1 promotes a nuclear relocalization of Pol η molecules which are focus-like in appearance, consistent with the localization observed when Pol η is recruited to sites of DNA damage. Knockdown of Pol η resulted in decreased production of infectious virus, and further, Pol η was found to bind to EBV DNA, suggesting that it may allow for bypass of damaged viral DNA during its replication. The results suggest a mechanism by which EBV recruits cellular repair factors, such as Pol η, to sites of viral DNA damage via BPLF1, thereby allowing for efficient viral DNA replication.IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and infects approximately 90% of the world's population. It causes lymphomas in individuals with acquired and innate immune disorders and is strongly associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and lymphomas that develop in organ transplant recipients. Cellular DNA damage is a major determinant in the establishment of oncogenic processes and is well studied, but there are few studies of endogenous repair of viral DNA. This work evaluates how EBV's BPLF1 protein and its conserved deubiquitinating activity regulate the cellular DNA repair enzyme polymerase eta and recruit it to potential sites of viral damage and replication, resulting in enhanced production of infectious virus. These findings help to establish how EBV enlists and manipulates cellular DNA repair factors during the viral lytic cycle, contributing to efficient infectious virion production.
Political Schizophrenics? Factors Affecting Aggregate Partisan Choice at the Local Versus National Level:

In a sample of 12 states across all regions of the United States, I find that one of every three counties supports a different party for president than for its local legislature. I use a unique dat...
Impact of Real-time Project Control on Capital Project Cost and Schedule Performance

This article assesses the combined influence of information integration and automated data analytics on project performance. To this end, retrospective data on 78 completed projects, with a total installed value of $8 billion, was collected. The level of internal and external information integration and automated analytics were used as surrogates of real-time project controls for statistical analyses purposes. Indeed, non-parametric statistical techniques were used to assess the impact of such technologies on cost and schedule performance. Overall, teams with a sophisticated degree of information integration and automated data analytics can control their projects with more reliable information and in a proactive manner so that informed decisions can be timely made on behalf of the project and the organization. DOI 10.5592/otmcj.2015.2.3 Research paper
Diagnostic staging laparoscopy in gastric cancer treatment: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background and objectives Accurate preoperative staging helps avert morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with non-therapeutic laparotomy in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Diagnostic staging laparoscopy (DSL) can detect metastases with high sensitivity, but its cost-effectiveness has not been previously studied. We developed a decision analysis model to assess the cost-effectiveness of preoperative DSL in GC workup. Methods Analysis was based on a hypothetical cohort of GC patients in the U.S. for whom initial imaging shows no metastases. The cost-effectiveness of DSL was measured as cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Drivers of cost-effectiveness were assessed in sensitivity analysis. Results Preoperative DSL required an investment of $107 012 per QALY. In sensitivity analysis, DSL became cost-effective at a threshold of $100 000/QALY when the probability of occult metastases exceeded 31.5% or when test sensitivity for metastases exceeded 86.3%. The likelihood of cost-effectiveness increased from 46% to 93% when both parameters were set at maximum reported values. Conclusions The cost-effectiveness of DSL for GC patients is highly dependent on patient and test characteristics, and is more likely when DSL is used selectively where procedure yield is high, such as for locally advanced disease or in detecting peritoneal and superficial versus deep liver lesions.
Defining the Immigrant

A large literature has developed relating to immigrants’ health status, their access to care, and their economic impact on systems of care. All too often, though, researchers have failed to define the people they are discussing. As an example, consider refugees. When speaking of refugees’ health status and health services utilization in the United States, is one discussing individuals who self-identify as refugees? Individuals who have legally been admitted to the United States as refugees at the time of their entry? Individuals who have colorable status as refugees under international law, but may or may not qualify as refugees under the laws of the country that they have entered or to which they are destined?
Purification and Properties of Lung Lysyl Oxidase, A Copper-Enzyme

Lysyl oxidase is an enzyme which converts peptidyl lysyl or hydroxyllysyl to peptidyl α-amino adipic or δ-hydroxy1-α-amino-adipic e-semialdehyde. These so called allysine residues are the precursors of desmosine and isodesmosine which form cross links in elastin. The enzyme was detected for the first time in chick bone by Pinnell and Martin (1). At the present time Harris et al (2), Siegel et al. (3), Stassen (4) and Vidal et al (5) have reported the isolation of highly purified preparations of the enzyme from chick aorta, chick cartilage, embroyonic chick cartilage and bovine aorta, respectively. In the present investigation, highly purified preparation of bovine lung lysyl oxidase was isolated and some of its properties are described in this report.
Leviathan or Public Steward? Evidence on Local Government Taxing Behavior from New York State

Fiscal federalism argues local governments compete to provide optimal tax-service bundles as responsible public stewards. In contrast, Leviathan theories argue tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) are necessary to make local governments fiscally responsible. We analyze local taxing behavior in New York State, which implemented a levy limit in 2012 that allows legislative overrides with 60 percent vote of the local governing board. Our 2017 survey of all general-purpose local governments measured fiscal stress, service responses, and local political attitudes and found 38 percent of municipalities voted to override. Logistic regressions show local governments that have more fiscal stress, weaker property tax bases, higher need, and higher employee benefit costs are more likely to override. These findings support fiscal federalism, as local governments that override are pushing back against state policy in order to respond to local needs. TELs introduce unnecessary rigidity and run counter to the precepts of fiscal federalism.
Breast cancer staging by subtype in the Lower Mississippi Delta region States.

Abstract Introduction To evaluate disparities in breast cancer stage by subtype (categorizations of breast cancer based upon molecular characteristics) in the Delta Regional Authority (Delta), an impoverished region across eight Lower Mississippi Delta Region (LMDR) states with a high proportion of Black residents and high breast cancer mortality rates. Methods We used population-based cancer registry data from seven of the eight LMDR states to explore breast cancer staging (early and late) differences by subtype between the Delta and non-Delta in the LMDR and between White and Black women within the Delta. Age-adjusted incidence rates and rate ratios were calculated to examine regional and racial differences. Multilevel negative binomial regression models were constructed to evaluate how individual-level and area-level factors affect rates of early- and late-stage breast cancers by subtype. Results For all subtypes combined, there were no Delta/non-Delta differences in early and late stage breast cancers. Delta women had lower rates of hormone-receptor (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2-) and higher rates of HR-/HER2- (the most aggressive subtype) early and late stage cancers, respectively, but these elevated rates were attenuated in multilevel models. Within the Delta, Black women had higher rates of late-stage breast cancer than White women for most subtypes; elevated late-stage rates of all subtypes combined remained in Black women in multilevel analysis (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.04–1.15). Conclusions Black women in the Delta had higher rates of late-stage cancers across subtypes. Culturally competent interventions targeting risk-appropriate screening modalities should be scaled up in the Delta to improve early detection.
Atwater and the Misdemeanor Carceral State

In Abolition Constitutionalism, 133 Harv. L. Rev. 1 (2019), Professor Dorothy Roberts invites scholars to reconsider mass incarceration in light of abolitionist principles rooted in the Reconstruction Amendments. This Response takes up that invitation by analyzing misdemeanor arrest doctrine and the expansive reach of the modern misdemeanor carceral state. It does so by revisiting one of the foundational carceral decisions in the criminal procedure pantheon, Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, which radically expanded the police power to incarcerate by authorizing custodial arrests and intrusive searches for any minor offense, including fine-only traffic offenses. The Response explores Atwater’s empirical, doctrinal, and normative investment in an expansive police power, including: how the decision misrepresents and understates the significance of the low level offense machinery; how it converts racial profiling into jailtime; and how the decision authorizes police to incarcerate even where the democratically elected state legislature has expressly decided that incarceration would be excessive. The Response then extends the analysis to Atwater’s progeny to reveal broadly how misdemeanor arrest doctrine increasingly normalizes and deregulates the state’s deployment of force, fear, and incarceration as regular features of governance. The Response concludes that the abolitionist inquiry can help us appreciate the growing tension between misdemeanor arrest doctrine and the liberty and equality commitments of the Bill of Rights.
Vocal Stereotypy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Interventions

Abstract Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often engage in vocal stereotypy (VS), which hinders inclusion in educational activities and may lead to poor social and adaptive outcomes. Interventions that address VS in individuals with ASD have been examined for a few decades. However, there are no current reviews that evaluate the methodological rigor of the empirical literature and provide a synthesis of the evidence based on high-quality research. Therefore, the present review aimed to evaluate the quality of VS interventions for individuals with ASD, summarize the characteristics of studies that demonstrate quality, and determine the strength of evidence. Method Systematic search procedures were implemented and articles were identified based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Sixty studies were included for quality evaluation against the What Works Clearinghouse single-case research design standards, of which 39 studies were further synthesized. Results Findings indicate response interruption and redirection, auditory stimulus-based and consequence based interventions to be promising with moderate to strong effects, whereas sensory integration interventions have no empirical support. However, majority of the interventions were implemented by researchers rather than practitioners and few studies addressed social validity. Conclusions While much of the VS literature demonstrates strong internal validity, we encourage future researchers to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of these interventions when implemented by practitioners and parents. Additionally, assessment of social validity of the interventions is strongly encouraged. We also recommend that practitioners consider the strength of intervention effect when making treatment selection decisions.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is not detected in human milk

Several countries have recently approved the use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 under an emergency use authorization. However, no pregnant or lactating individuals were included in the Phase 3 clinical trials of these vaccines despite belonging to a group at high risk for severe complications of COVID-19 infection. We show here that the mRNA from anti-COVID BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines is not detected in human breast milk samples collected 4-48 hours post-vaccine. These results strengthen the recommendation of ABM and WHO that lactating individuals who receive the anti-COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccine should continue to breastfeed their infants uninterrupted.
University stakeholders largely unaware and unsupportive of university pouring rights contracts with companies supplying sugar-sweetened beverages.

Pouring rights contracts are agreements in which beverage companies pay universities for exclusive marketing and rights to sell sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in campus. This study explored univer...
From inhibition of trophoblast cell invasion to proapoptosis: what are the potential roles of kisspeptins in preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening human gestational syndrome with incompletely understood etiopathogenesis. The disorder has a spectrum of clinical features, likely due to a complex interacti...
The high-frequency response of energy prices to U.S. monetary policy: Understanding the empirical evidence

Abstract This paper examines the impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policy on energy prices using an event study with intraday data. Three measures for monetary policy surprises are used: 1) the surprise change to the current federal funds target rate, 2) the surprise component to the future path of policy, and 3) the unanticipated announcement of future large-scale asset purchases (LSAP). Estimation results show that monetary policy surprises have economically important and highly significant effects on the level and volatility of energy futures prices and their trading volumes. I find that, on average, a hypothetical unanticipated 100-basis-point hike in the federal funds target rate is associated with roughly a 3% decrease in West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices. I also document that, in a narrow window around the FOMC meeting, the Federal Reserve's LSAP1 and LSAP2 programs have a cumulative financial market impact on crude oil equivalent to an unanticipated cut in the federal funds target rate of 156 basis points.
The Tragedy of Coriolanus

Coriolanus is perhaps the most brilliant political play ever written. Set in Ancient Rome, it remains a gripping psychological study of the relationship between personality and politics. The introduction to this new edition considers Shakespeare's adaptation of his historical material (Plutarch's Lives) in relation to the social and political conditions in London and Stratford at the time of the play's composition, also offering new evidence that it was written in 1608. Professor Parker examines the play's history and particularly its staging at the Blackfriars theatre, where it was probably the first of Shakespeare's plays to be presented and for which it may have been written. A thorough commentary pays special attention to the needs of actors and directors. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Conceptual and technical scaffolds for end user development: using scenarios and wikis in community computing

Community group members are often technologically disadvantaged end users. I explore the use of scenarios and wikis to encourage community groups to become more literate in information technology. My fieldwork suggests that scenarios and wikis can empower community group members as designers, allowing them to become producers of Web content rather than just consumers.
The impact of design technologies on product development performance and strategy

In the development of novel products, managers can often choose among different design technologies. However, these technology choices are typically driven by their impact on product performance as opposed to how they would affect the product development process. Using empirical data from integrated circuit design, the author shows that the selection of a particular design technology can have a very significant impact on experimentation strategies, design flexibility, and development performance.
Visualized Index-Based Search for Digital Libraries

As the amount of available information continues to expand, traditional text-based searches for digital libraries and similar systems become increasingly cumbersome to the user. Selection of the best result calls upon the user to compare and contrast top results; this can involve investigative reading of each, to determine what quality and amount of the desired topic is present in each. This paper presents an alternative search strategy, utilizing visualization to relate detailed content information obtained through indexes. By providing such information in a visual manner, the aim is to reduce the burden of investigation placed upon in present systems.
Ethics of Regulating Reproductive Technologies: Women as Child Bearers, Rights Bearers, and Objects of Paternalism

Although there has been much discussion in recent years about the ethical and societal implications of reproductive technologies, there has been surprisingly little explicit consideration in the policy context of the fact that women, as child bearers, will bear the impact of any policies seeking to regulate those technologies. This article considers the state of policy affairs in the United States regarding reproductive technologies from the perspective of women as rights bearers—autonomous individuals entitled to access to the health services of their choosing, and as objects of paternalism—on whose behalf claims of concern for safety and nonmaleficence have been registered. The practical effect of such measures on women’s autonomy, health, and safety, and on perceptions of women’s decision-making capacity, is considered.
Properties of the ground state of the hydrogen molecular ion

The ground-state energies of the ions ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}^{+}$ have been calculated without making use of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Instead, the ions are treated as three-body systems whose ground states are spherically symmetric. The wave function of the ground state is taken to be a generalized Hylleraas form, but it is necessary to use high powers of the internuclear coordinate to simulate the localized motion of the nuclei. We obtain good values of the ground-state energies and compare them with those obtained from earlier calculations. Expectation values are calculated for various operators, the Fermi contact parameter, and the permanent quadrupole moment. The cusp condition is also calculated. The results are compared with the results of other calculations, where available.
Subunit selective bleaching of C-phycocyanin from Synechococcus PCC 6301 strain AN 112 by Cu2+ and sodium perchlorate

The bleaching of the monomer and the separated α and β subunits of C-phycocyanin from Synechococcus PCC 6301 Strain AN 112 by Cu 2+ has been investigated. Upon the addition of Cu 2+ , the visible absorption band of the αβ monomer of phycocyanin was bleached and the maximum of the band shifted from 614 nm to 620 nm. The change in absorption induced by Cu 2+ was accompanied by a decreased fluorescence emission intensity and a shift of the fluorescence maximum from 649 nm to 643 nm. The difference spectra showed negative peaks at 604 nm in absorption and at 653 nm in fluorescence when the concentration of Cu 2+ was low. Spectroscopic titration curves showed biphasic behavior with respect to the concentration of Cu 2+ . Comparison of these results with the properties of the separated α and β subunits indicates that the β-subunit has higher affinity for Cu 2+ and is bleached preferentially over the α-subunit. This enables one to deduce the spectra of individual subunits from the monomer without separating them. This work also indicates that the β-subunit of phycocyanin is more labile than the α-subunit to denaturation with NaClO 4 . Partial unfolding of the protein in the presence of NaClO 4 appears to decrease the protein-chromophore interaction, allowing binding of Cu 2+ to the nitrogen atoms of the tetrapyrrole chromophores. This conclusion is supported by the results of a spectroscopic titration of biliverdin with Cu 2+ .
Culture studies on some Florida species of Caulerpa: Morphological responses to reduced illumination

The morphological development of three species of Caulerpa, C. sertularioides, C. paspaloides and C. racemosa has been studied in low light culture. The resulting morphologies are described and contrasted with the typical morphologies. Culture forms in all cases were unlike the field forms but each had affinities with other taxa described in the literature. The most important generalized response was a change in the symmetry of the assimilators from radial to bilateral. This response supports an earlier morphologically based theory on the evolutionary relationships among the species of Caulerpa.
America's experiment with motor vehicle safety regulation.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: All-terrain vehicles (ATV) use by children leads to severe injury and death. Since the US Consumer Product Safety Commission consent decree expired in 1998, there has been little movement in regulating ATV use for children (<16 yr). The authors hypothesized that states with laws and regulations restricting pediatric ATV use may abrogate excess death compared with states without such restrictions. METHODS: Pediatric mortality data reported to the consumer product safety commission from 1982 to 1998 were analyzed as well as state all-terrain vehicle requirements compiled by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America in August 2001. The authors calculated ATV mortality rate by dividing ATV mortality frequency by 1980-2000 pediatric census results. They compared the top 26 states with the highest ATV mortality rates (TOP) with those of all other states (OTH) in terms of age, ATV type, ATV occupancy, and ATV laws. Chi-square analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were 1,342 ATV pediatric deaths during the 16-year period. The TOP states averaged approximately a 2-fold increase in adjusted ATV mortality rate compared with the national ATV pediatric mortality rate. Ninety-two percent of TOP states have no licensing laws compared with 73% of the OTH states (P <.07). There is no difference between groups with regard to minimum age requirements and safety certification. CONCLUSIONS: Current legal and regulatory standards have low probability of decreasing ATV-related pediatric mortality. States should adopt laws that restrict the use of ATV's for children less than 16 years of age and potentially prevent excess ATV-related pediatric mortality.
Conductance of packed spheres in vacuum

An analytical study is presented for the heat transfer through the solid phase of a packed bed of spheres bounded by 2 infinite plane surfaces of different temperatures. The prediction of the conductance is based on the constriction resistance for spheres in contact. Both exact and approximate equations are derived for solid, hollow, and coated spheres and for several reqular packing patterns of different void fractions. Comparisons with the available experimental data indicate that the theory is satisfactory over a wide range of applied load and system parameters.
Some factors affecting elementary teachers' use of the computer

Abstract A survey of 70 fourth and fifth grade elementary teachers revealed several interesting factors, not documented elsewhere, that affect teachers' use of the computer. First, very few teachers themselves owned computers or used them for personal reasons at home or school. Second, most teachers felt that neither they nor the students should be held accountable for the teaching or learning of computer objectives. Third, teachers were perplexed as to how to manage students who were not able to take their turn on the computer. Fourth, several teachers chose not to use district-provided sources written to help them implement the computer. Fifth, most teachers had little understanding of the scope and sequence of the district's computer curriculum and how their grade level fit into this. Sixth, most teachers felt that they were allotted too little time to teach computers each week.
Avian erythroblastosis virus E26: Nucleotide sequence of the tripartite onc gene and of the LTR, and analysis of the cellular prototype of the viral ets sequence

An intact 5.7-kb provirus of the avian erythroblastosis virus E26 has been molecularly cloned for comparisons with avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and other avian tumor viruses. E26 and AMV transform hemopoietic cells exclusively. Both cause myeloblastosis, but E26 also causes erythroblastosis. Sequence analysis of the proviral DNA showed that: The tripartite transforming gene of E26 forms a contiguous reading frame of 1046 codons, including 272 gag, 283 mybE, and 491 ets codons. No subgenomic ets-specific mRNA was detected in E26-infected cells. By contrast, the onc gene of AMV consists almost entirely of a mybA sequence expressed via subgenomic mRNA that extends over the 5' and 3' ends of mybE. mybE is only slightly diverged from the mybA homolog of AMV and even less from the cellular proto-myb sequence with no characteristic mutation that sets apart the two viruses from proto-myb. The U5 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of E26 and AMV are colinear and differ only in scattered point mutations. The U3 region of the E26 LTR is different from that of AMV but is colinear and closely related with that of avian carcinoma virus MH2 and also with that of Prague Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), except for an unexpected 16-nucleotide substitution of 22 RSV nucleotides. Upstream of the 3' LTR, the c region of E26 appears to be the same as that of RSV for 70 nucleotides and very similar to those of AMV and MH2 for about 20 to 30 nucleotides. Since the U3s of E26, MH2 and RSV are very closely related and neither MH2 nor RSV show a particular erythroblast tropism, it is possible that the U3 does not play a critical role in the erythroblast tropism of E26. Electrophoretic size analyses of chicken DNA digested with restriction enzymes indicate that DNA fragments totaling over 50 kb hybridize with viral ets DNA.
Chemistry of Atmospheres: An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Atmospheres of Earth, the Planets and Their Satellites

The author of this book states that he has attempted to produce a text that will be “intelligible to readers approaching atmospheric chemistry from any scientific discipline.” He proposes to provide the links between atmospheric chemistry and the traditional approaches to physics, chemistry, and biology. Within this context, he has presented a very readable general discussion at a level slightly higher than the popular level. Wayne has chosen not to interrupt the text with direct references but rather to group them at the back of each chapter. Although this sometimes raises a question concerning the basis of a specific statement, the references are in general adequate and extend through 1984. The manner in which the material is presented is not intimidating, and the book would be a good vehicle for introducing students to the subject and providing a starting point for individual research papers.
An adaptive sampling scheme guided by BART—with an application to predict processor performance

The evaluation of new processor designs is an important issue in electrical and computer engineering. Architects use simulations to evaluate designs and to understand trade-offs and interactions among design parameters. However, due to the lengthy simulation time and limited resources, it is often practically impossible to simulate a full factorial design space. Effective sampling methods and predictive models are required. In this paper, the authors propose an automated performance predictive approach which employs an adaptive sampling scheme that interactively works with the predictive model to select samples for simulation. These samples are then used to build Bayesian additive regression trees, which in turn are used to predict the whole design space. Both real data analysis and simulation studies show that the method is effective in that, though sampling at very few design points, it generates highly accurate predictions on the unsampled points. Furthermore, the proposed model provides quantitative interpretation tools with which investigators can efficiently tune design parameters in order to improve processor performance. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 136–152; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada L'evaluation de la conception de nouveaux processeurs est une etape importante en genie electrique et informatique. Les architectes utilisent des simulations afin d'evaluer les concepts et de comprendre les compromis et les interactions entre les differents parametres du modele de conception. Cependant, a cause de temps de simulation excessif et de la limitation des ressources, il est pratiquement impossible de simuler un devis factoriel complet. Des methodes d'echantillonnage efficaces et des modeles de prediction sont requis. Dans cet article, les auteurs proposent une approche automatique pour predire la performance qui utilise un plan d'echantillonnage adaptatif interagissant avec le modele predictif pour choisir les echantillons lors de la simulation. Ces echantillons sont alors utilises pour construire des arbres de regression bayesiens additifs qui sont a leur tour utilises pour predire l'ensemble de l'espace des devis. Des analyses de vraies donnees et des etudes de simulation ont montre que cette methode est efficace. En effet, meme si l'echantillonnage est fait sur tres peu de points de devis, il genere des predictions tres precises sur les points non echantillonnes. De plus, le modele propose fournit des outils d'interpretation quantitatifs permettant aux chercheurs d'ajuster precisement les parametres du devis afin d'ameliorer les performances du processeur. La revue canadienne de statistique 38: 136–152; 2010 © 2010 Societe statistique du Canada
Frequency and Solvent Dependence of Nonlinear Optical Properties of Molecules

Real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) is used for the evaluation of the frequency dependence of the polarizability and hyperpolarizability of molecules intended for application in electro-optic devices. These first-principles computational methods are powerful but costly. Significantly easier calculations based on a simplified version of second-order time-dependent perturbation theory, the “two-state model” (TSM), are here used to provide another estimate of the frequency dependence. Furthermore, the TSM calculations can be done in the presence of a dielectric reaction field (the polarizable continuum model method) to provide estimates of the solvent dependent properties in addition to the frequency-dependent properties. Here we use RT-TDDFT to assess the accuracy of the frequency dependence of the TS, and a ground-state finite field calculation to assess the effect of additional states on the static hyperpolarizability. Both frequency and dielectric responses are important for ev...
The effect of value line investment survey rank changes on common stock prices

Abstract The information content of Value Line Investment Survey rank changes is investigated. The results suggest rank changes affect common stock prices, but the effect varies by the type of rank change. Changes from rank 2 to rank 1 have the most dramatic impact on prices. A cross-sectional analysis finds small firms have a greater reaction to a rank change than larger firms, which supports theories on the frequency of report arrival and precision of information. A speed of adjustment test concludes the prices of individual securities adjust to the information in a rank change over a multiple-day period.
The relation between 3-year-old children's skills and their hyperactivity, inattention, and aggression

This study examines the relation between 3-year-old children's (N = 280) symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and aggression and their cognitive, motor, and preacademic skills. When the authors controlled for other types of attention and behavior problems, maternal ratings of hyperactivity and teacher ratings of inattention were uniquely and moderately associated with children's lower cognitive and preacademic skills. The few modest, simple associations between maternal ratings of aggression and children's skills were no longer significant when hyperactivity and inattention were controlled. This suggests that cognitive and preacademic problems among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms may begin to emerge as early as age 3. The results highlight the importance of examining the association between different types of behavior problems and young children's skills.
Microbial colonization and weathering of silicates in a petroleum-contaminated groundwater

Abstract The influence of native microorganisms on mineral dissolution and precipitation was examined in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. In-situ microcosms containing clean silicate fragments were established in the contaminated, microbially active groundwater over one-year periods. The recovered minerals were then examined by SEM and ESEM for microbial colonization patterns and weathering features. These experiments reveal distinct patterns of colonization and weathering associated with microbial attachment and growth. Microcline, anorthoclase, and oligoclase were widely colonized, and the colonized surfaces deeply weathered, with secondary clays precipitated on some uncolonized surfaces. Other feldspars, in contrast, were uncolonized and unweathered. Specific mineral removal rate was estimated from etch pit depth, while bulk weathering rate was estimated from the rate of change of silica concentration in the groundwater. In this system the primary control of silicate dissolution is apparently microbial colonization and metabolic activity.
Macroresults through Microarrays

Abstract The third enactment of Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Macroresults through Microarrays meeting was held in Boston (MA, USA) from 29 April–1 May 2002. The subtheme of this year's meeting was ‘advancing drug discovery’, a widely touted application for array technology.
Hyperspectral remote sensing data maps minerals in Afghanistan

Although Afghanistan has abundant mineral resources, including gold, silver, copper, rare earth elements, uranium, tin, iron ore, mercury, lead-zinc, bauxite, and industrial minerals, most have not been successfully developed or explored using modern methods. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with cooperation from the Afghan Geological Survey (AGS) and support from the Department of Defense's Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (TFBSO) has used new imaging spectroscopy surface material maps to help refine the geologic signatures of known but poorly understood mineral deposits and identify previously unrecognized mineral occurrences. To help assess the potential mineral deposit types, the high-resolution hyperspectral data were analyzed to detect the presence of selected minerals that may be indicative of past mineralization processes. This legacy data set is providing tangible support for economic decisions by both the government of Afghanistan and other public and private sector parties interested in the development of the nation's natural resources.
Research on Science Teacher Education: Myths and Misconceptions

Happy New Year!!! We hope that those of you who attended the ASTE meeting in San Antonio found it as professionally useful as we did. Based on conversations we had during the two workshops on publi...
Measurement of Emission Cross Sections for n=3-->2 Lines in Li-like Fe 23+

We report measurements of emission cross sections for iron L-shell 3 → 2 lines in Fe23+ performed on the electron beam ion trap EBIT-II using a combination of a crystal spectrometer and the spare 6 × 6 element X-Ray Spectrometer microcalorimeter from the Astro-E X-ray satellite mission. Use of the microcalorimeter enables for first time the normalization of line emission cross sections, i.e., effective electron impact excitation cross sections that include radiative cascades, to the well-established cross section of radiative electron capture, thus allowing the normalization of relative line intensity measurements using crystal spectrometers.
Insulin-like growth factor-I in non-insulin-dependent diabetic monkeys: basal plasma concentrations and metabolic effects of exogenously administered biosynthetic hormone.

Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations and the effects of exogenous IGF-I administration were determined in 26 rhesus monkeys; each animal was well characterized regarding its degree of obesity, plasma glucose and insulin levels, and glucose tolerance (KG). Five separate groups were identified: lean normal, obese normoinsulinemic and normoglycemic, obese hyperinsulinemic with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerant, and spontaneously diabetic (type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]). Basal plasma IGF-I levels in all monkeys ranged from 249 to 1,093 ng/mL and were strongly associated with age (r = -.66; P less than .001) and KG (r = .59; P less than .001), but not with body weight, body fat, or fasting plasma glucose or insulin levels. In addition, the acute insulin-like effects of exogenously administered IGF-I on glucose disappearance were studied in vivo in a dose-response comparison to insulin (subcutaneous administration of IGF-I at doses of 50, 100, or 200 micrograms/kg v insulin at 0.3 U/kg). Five hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic monkeys (fasting plasma glucose, 67 +/- 2 mg/dL; insulin, 163 +/- 42 microU/mL) and overt type II diabetic monkeys (fasting plasma glucose, 201 +/- 13 mg/dL; insulin, 38 +/- 6 microU/mL) each underwent a series of three to five experiments to determine the time course and degree of hypoglycemia induced by IGF-I as compared with insulin or with control (saline) injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Air-ground channel characterization for unmanned aircraft systems: The over-freshwater setting

Wireless communication systems must operate in the presence of potentially dispersive and rapidly time-varying channels, and the unmanned aircraft system (UAS) control and non-payload communication (CNPC) system is no exception. To ensure high reliability, the UAS air-ground (AG) channel must be quantitatively characterized. In this paper we report on measurements of the AG channel in an over-freshwater setting, for a project sponsored by NASA Glenn Research Center. The measurements on which we report were conducted with a ground site near the coast of Lake Erie, with flights over the lake. The flight test measurements collected simultaneous channel impulse responses in two UAS bands, and employed two receivers for each band to enable assessment of antenna diversity as well as inter-band channel characteristics. We provide a short introduction and description of the measurements, then describe results for propagation path loss, delay spread, and correlations across antennas for the over-freshwater AG channel, for two example flight paths. Path loss generally follows the curved-earth two-ray model, with a weak surface reflection; multipath components from buildings near the coastline are also present. Maximum root-mean square delay spreads range from 70 to 160 ns, and inter-band correlations are well represented as zero-mean Gaussian with standard deviation 0.3. We also comment on the connection with recent results for the over-sea setting, and the AG channel models we are developing.
A bicarbonate-dependent increase in extracellular pH mediated by GABAA receptors in turtle cerebellum.

Abstract The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated anion channel has been found to have a significant permeability to bicarbonate in isolated nerve cells and crayfish muscle. We have studied the extracellular pH of the in vitro turtle cerebellum to determine whether the extracellular pH of vertebrate brain can be modulated by GABA. Exposure to 10 −3 M GABA produced an extracellular alkaline transient with a mean amplitude of 0.054 ± 0.19 pH units ( n = 49, range 0.018–0.091 pH units). The GABA-evoked alkaline shift was blocked by picrotoxin and was dependent on the presence of HCO 3 − in the bathing media. These data suggest that GABA A receptors gate an HCO 3 − -efflux which is sufficient to modulate brain pH.
Analyzing Complementarities Using Software Stacks for Software Industry Acquisitions

The existence of product complementarities is especially relevant in network-type industries, such as information technology and communications, where systems of complementary components made by different manufacturers have to be assembled. Relying on the characteristics of software markets and drawing on the economic theory of complementarities, this paper investigates how complementarities create value in mergers and acquisitions between software companies. We introduce and empirically validate the software stack as a structure to measure complementarities. In a sample of mergers and acquisitions, in which either the acquirer or the target is a software firm, we find values of abnormal returns consistent with previous results. However, when we use the concept of stack, we find an inverse curvilinear relationship between abnormal returns and the distance between acquirers and targets in various layers of the stack.
Studies Toward a Library of Tetrahydrofurans: Click and MCR Products of Mono- and Bis-Tetrahydrofurans.

Mono- and bis-tetrahydrofuran-based chemical libraries with diverse structural features have been prepared using the Sharpless azide-alkyne Click reaction and multi-component reactions (MCRs) such as Ugi and Biginelli reactions. Mono- and bis-tetrahydrofuran methyl azides, amines and ureas were key intermediates in these processes, and they were synthesized from the corresponding tetrahydrofuran methyl alcohols by mesylation followed by substitution with azide, reduction of the azide to the amine, and urea formation, as needed. Most mono- and tetrahydrofuran methyl alcohols were obtained by a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. Alternatively, several mono-tetrahydrofurans were prepared by a cobalt(II) complex-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of bis-homoallylic alcohols, which were obtained by copper(I) iodide-catalyzed epoxide opening of 5,6-epoxyhex-1-ene with various alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents. These compounds are examples of an entirely new class of molecules in hitherto unknown chemical space, though their functions are yet to be determined presumably through random screening.
Sex differences in rat brain oestrogen and progestin receptors.

The brains of both male and female rats possess specific cytoplasmic receptors for oestrogens and progestins1, and it has been suggested that sex differences in the neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to these hormones result from differences in the number of steroid receptors in specific locations in the brain2. Although there have been numerous comparisons of steroid receptors in male and female brains3–9, the question of whether there are sex differences in these receptor systems remains unresolved, due in part to the inability of available biochemical techniques to achieve sufficiently high anatomical resolution. We have overcome this problem by applying the Palkovits punch-out technique10 to measure steroid receptors in hypothalamic nuclei known to be involved in behavioural and neuroendocrine control. We report here that castrated male rats have fewer oestrogen and progestin receptors in certain hypothalamic nuclei than females. This suggests that the relative insensitivity of male rats to feminine actions of gonadal steroids might be due in part to a lack of receptors for these steroids in highly localized brain regions.
Current trends in international occupational therapy practice

Occupational therapy has grown and developed into an international field with 43 national associations holding membership in the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). This paper reviews the development of WFOT, describes the status of occupational therapy in selected WFOT member countries, and discusses worldwide health problems and current trends in international occupational therapy practice.