cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power grid simulation applications developed using the GridPACK™ high performance computing framework

Abstract The need for accelerating power grid simulation through high performance computing (HPC) has long been recognized, and prior efforts have been devoted to developing one-off parallel computing applications for particular power grid functions. Non-transferable software codes and duplicated implementations in these prior efforts are a major barrier to more widespread HPC adoption in power grid applications. Modern HPC hardware and architecture require significant computing expertise for application development. The GridPACK™ software framework described in this paper provides an HPC-compatible software structure to access modern parallel solvers and HPC-ready modules for common components in power grid simulation applications. GridPACK hides the HPC details and enables power system developers to focus on applications instead of computational details. Several example applications of GridPACK are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of GridPACK and the performance of HPC simulations with large power grid networks. Examples discussed include: a dynamic simulation application capable of running a 17,156-bus Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system in a computational speed faster than real time (e.g., under 30 s for a 30-s simulation), a static contingency analysis application using a task manager, and a dynamic contingency analysis application utilizing two levels of parallelism. These example applications illustrate GridPACK's capabilities to support different types of simulations within a unified framework and to support reuse of transferable software codes across power grid applications. The computational results indicate strong performance improvements for power grid simulations with GridPACK.
P154 The quest for resolving a mystery

Introduction Accurate HLA typing for patients in need of allogeneic stem cell transplant is crucial for finding a matched donor & improving graft outcome by preventing graft-versus-host disease. We report here a case of mystery while HLA typing for a patient. Method We routinely perform Luminex SSO typing of HLA-class I & II loci for the initial sample first, followed by sequence-based typing (SBT) on the CT sample per SSO results for appropriate selection of SBT primers. The case Day 1, two peripheral blood (PB) (1 for initial, 1 for CT) collected 90 min apart by 2 phlebotomists were received. SSO typing was obtained successfully from 1st PB. Day 2, buccal swabs were received with an indication of circulating blasts in patient’s blood. SBT were performed on the buccal DNA per SSO results on 1st PB, typing was obtained for only those with locus primers but failed with group primers. Moreover, the SBT results didn’t match with those of the 1st PB. We SSO-typed the 2nd PB (CT sample), the typing matched with those of the 1st PB but not the buccal. Day 3, a PB sample of the patient’s son was received, typing results showed one haplotype match with the patient’s buccal results but not with any of the 2 PB results. A sample switch? The first two PB were re-extracted, typing results matched with those of previously obtained, suggesting that no sample switch had occurred in the lab. Is it possible a sample switch at collection sites? It seems very unlikely per the collection procedures. Where is the problem? Medical history was reviewed and showed that the patient had a history of low WBC counts and had multiple granulocyte infusions prior to HLA sample collection including one in less than 22 h to the 1st PB to HLA. Typing of the granulocyte donor were conducted and results were concordant with those of the 2 PB. Retyping of the 1st PB by SBT using appropriate group primers confirmed a low level of patient’s DNA that was masked by the much higher levels of granulocyte donor’s DNA. Another buccal sample from 3 weeks later showed concordance with the first buccal typing. Conclusion It is very important for HLA laboratory to know the transfusion history and previous transplant history in order to apply appropriate test procedures. It’d be imperative and good practice to recommend to testing buccal swab sample for every patient in need of allogeneic stem cell transplant.
Centralized and Distributed Algorithms for Stable Communication Topologies in Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Networks

A Cognitive radio Ad hoc network (CRAHN) is an ad hoc network of primary user (PU) nodes and secondary user (SU) nodes, wherein the SU nodes tend to access the licensed channels of the PU nodes when not in use. As the availability of the PU channels fluctuates with time, communication topologies spanning the SU nodes have to be dynamically and frequently reconfigured. Our objective is to determine stable communication topologies (like paths, trees, etc.) for the SU network that last for a longer time. In this pursuit, our contributions in this chapter are two fold: First, given the complete knowledge of the availability of the PU channels, we propose a generic benchmarking algorithm that determines a sequence of stable communication topologies spanning all of the SU nodes such that the number of transitions from one instance of the topology to another is the global minimum. Second, we propose a distributed local spectrum knowledge-based stable path routing protocol called the Maximum Common Primary User channel-based Routing (MCPUR) protocol that prefers to choose an SU-SU source-destination (s-d) path with the largest value for the sum of the number of common PU channels available for use across each of its constituent SU-SU edges; our hypothesis is that the SU-SU edges with a larger number of common available PU channels are likely to exist for a longer time.
Profile of Bruce M. Alberts, 2016 Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science Awardee.

On September 23, 2016, Bruce M. Alberts was presented with the Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science, which honored him for “fundamental discoveries in DNA replication and protein biochemistry; for visionary leadership in directing national and international scientific organizations to better people’s lives; and for passionate dedication to improving education in science and mathematics” (1). In presenting the award to Alberts, Lasker Awards Jury Chair Joseph Goldstein compared him to the renowned chef Julia Childs, citing their common “missionary spirit, boundless curiosity, endearing klutziness, and a deep desire to teach and to teach well” (1). What an inspired comparison! The only addendum I would make to that description is “brilliant biochemist and public servant extraordinaire.” Bruce Alberts in his office at UCSF, Mission Bay, October 2014. Image courtesy of Christopher Reiger (photographer). Bruce began his scientific career as a graduate student at Harvard, working with Paul Doty, where he embarked upon his lifelong quest to understand the molecular mechanism of DNA replication. Legend has it that he failed his initial doctoral thesis defense because of a stubborn conviction that DNA could be replicated by a single enzyme, DNA polymerase. After his thesis committee delivered that rude wake-up call, and 6 months of additional work, Bruce passed with flying colors. From that experience he learned that the best experiments are those that provide insight into the biological question being posed, even if the outcome is not the one he either expected or hoped for. Bruce embarked on his independent career in 1966, first at Princeton University and then at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Having abandoned the one-enzyme hypothesis, he took a cue from the genetics of bacteriophage T4, which implied that DNA replication required at least six gene products. Bruce set about developing techniques to isolate and … [↵][1]1Email: smt{at}princeton.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete for Posttensioned Precast Bridge Piers for Seismic Resilience

AbstractPrecast concrete bridge substructures accelerate construction. Precast concrete piers can also limit residual displacements after earthquakes when used with nonemulative connections. This p...
Decreased neurite density within frontostriatal networks is associated with executive dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Objective Executive dysfunction is observed in a sizable number of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The frontostriatal network has been proposed to play a significant role in executive functioning, however, because of the complex architecture of these tracts, it is difficult to generate measures of fiber tract microstructure using standard diffusion tensor imaging. To examine the association between frontostriatal network compromise and executive dysfunction in TLE, we applied an advanced, multishell diffusion model, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), that isolates measures of intraaxonal diffusion and may provide better estimates of fiber tract compromise in TLE. Methods Restriction spectrum imaging scans were obtained from 32 patients with TLE [16 right TLE (RTLE); 16 left TLE (LTLE)] and 24 healthy controls (HC). An RSI-derived measure of intraaxonal anisotropic diffusion (neurite density; ND) was calculated for the inferior frontostriatal tract (IFS) and superior frontostriatal tract (SFS) and compared between patients with TLE and HC. Spearman correlations were performed to evaluate the relationships between ND of each tract and verbal (i.e., D-KEFS Category Switching Accuracy and Color–Word Interference Inhibition/Switching) and visuomotor (Trail Making Test) set-shifting performances in patients with TLE. Results Patients with TLE demonstrated reductions in ND of the left and right IFS, but not SFS, compared with HC. Reduction in ND of left and right IFS was associated with poorer performance on verbal set-shifting in TLE. Increases in extracellular diffusion (isotropic hindered; IH) were not associated with executive dysfunction in the patient group. Significance Restriction spectrum imaging-derived ND revealed microstructural changes within the IFS in patients with TLE, which was associated with poorer executive functioning. This suggests that axonal/myelin loss to fiber networks connecting the striatum to the inferior frontal cortex is likely contributing to executive dysfunction in TLE.
A note on Golomb topologies

In 1959 Golomb dened a connected topology on Z. An analogous Golomb topology on an arbitrary integral domain was dened rst by Knopfmacher- Porubsky [KP97] and then again in a recent work of Clark [Cl17]. Here we study properties of Golomb topologies. Mathematics Subject Classication (2010): 13G05, 54G99. Key words: Golomb space, Brown space, semiprimitive, homeomorphism problem.
Transient inflammatory signaling promotes beige adipogenesis

Inflammatory signaling has been implicated in adipose tissue remodeling and metabolism. In this issue of Science Signaling , Babaei et al . report that lipolysis induced by β3-adrenergic signaling triggers transient inflammation that directs progenitor cells toward beige adipogenesis.
A Phase I Trial of Surgical Resection and Intraoperative Hyperthermic Cisplatin and Gemcitabine for Pleural Mesothelioma.

Abstract Introduction The primary objective of this single-institution phase I clinical trial was to establish the maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine added to cisplatin and delivered as heated intraoperative chemotherapy after resection of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods The extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) treatment arms were based on investigators' assessment of patient fitness and potential for macroscopic complete resection. Previously established intracavitary dosing of cisplatin (range 175–225 mg/m2) with systemic cytoprotection was used in combination with escalating doses of gemcitabine, following a 3-plus-3 design from 100 mg/m2 in 100-mg increments. Results From 2007 to 2011, 141 patients were enrolled and 104 completed treatment. The median age of those completing treatment was 65 years (range 43–85 years), and 22 (21%) were female. In the EPP arm (n = 59), 31 patients (53%) had the epithelioid histologic type and the median radiographic tumor volume was 236 cm3 (range 16–4285 cm3). In the P/D arm (n = 41), 29 patients (71%) had the epithelioid histologic type and the median tumor volume was 79 cm3 (range 6–1107 cm3). The operative mortality rate was 2%, and 35 and 22 serious adverse events were encountered among 27 patients (46%) and 16 patients (39%) in the EPP and P/D arms, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 leukopenia) was observed in two patients who were receiving 1100 mg/m2 of gemcitabine, thus establishing the maximum tolerated dose at 1000 mg/m2, in combination with 175 mg/m2 of cisplatin. The median overall and recurrence-free survival times in treated patients were 20.3 and 10.7 months, respectively. Conclusions Combination cisplatin and gemcitabine heated intraoperative chemotherapy can be administered safely and feasibly in the context of complete surgical resection of malignant pleural mesothelioma by EPP or P/D.
Correlations between ancillary assays and bacteriuria in children with myelodysplasia and ileal conduit urinary diversions.

AbstractUrine from children with ileal conduit urinary diversions was assayed for antibody-coated bacteria, lysozyme and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes, and correlated with the results of quantitative urine culture. A significant proportion of the antibody-coated bacteria and lysozyme assays were positive when more than 104 organisms per ml. of urine were found. Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme results were frequently at variance with the other assay and culture results. Because none of the ancillary assays was invariably positive in patients with symptoms suggestive of upper tract disease, they remain imperfect research tools for localization of urinary tract infections in patients with ileal conduits. In this patient population quantitative urine culture remains the best clinical method for diagnosing urinary tract infections and evaluating the adequacy of antibiotic therapy. However, since the antibody-coated bacteria and lysozyme assays converted to negative with successful treatment, these tests may p...
Simple 5-(28,6,λ) Designs from PSL2(27)

Abstract Simple 5-(28,6,λ) designs with PSL2(27) as an automorphism group are constructed for each λ, 2≤lD≤21.
Rhizobium Etli (RE) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structure

The LPS is the major component of the outer leaflet of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. In most cases the LPSs can be divided into three structural regions; (1) a strain specific polysaccharide known as the 0-chain which is attached to (2) an oligosaccharide known as the core, which, in turn is attached to (3) a lipid known as the lipid A which consists of a fatty acylated disaccharide. These general structural features also apply to the LPSs from Rhizobium bacteria.
Considerations on Planning and Architecture

In agile planning you are counting on what you know you definitely have. Depending on the type of project, you are either given a number of resources by your management to do the project, or, as in a services contract, there is a certain amount assigned for resources that you better not overspend. The time constraints will be fixed as well. On the other hand, requirements will be a moving target. Therefore the plan is fluid and includes only a rough estimate of those requirements that might be achievable in a prioritized order. Content is the parameter to adjust when adapting to change. The actual deliverable will be the best that can be accomplished within the given timeframe and with the given resources. Each team will figure out how to accomplish as much work as possible. In contrast to this, traditional waterfall project management teaches just the opposite approach: You start with gathering the list of fixed requirements, then estimate the cost and time needed to implement them. This approach ignores that in most cases, resources and dates are non-negotiable given constraints. The content delivered by the team will always be confined by the team size and available time, regardless which requirements you commit to address in your specification (Fig. 6.1). If the requirements are fixed by management as well as the dates and resources, this is neither waterfall nor agile, but simply unprofessional and a setup for failure. The team will be doomed to fall into a never-ending emergency mode, which is not sustainable and will offer quality decrease as the only way out.
Puberty, Male: Mechanisms of Onset and Progression

In healthy boys, puberty is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood that results from a resurgence of augmented pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, a hypothalamic decapeptide that controls gonadotropin biosynthesis and eventually reproduction.
What Is the Relationship between Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in Man

In typical human counterclockwise or clockwise atrial flutter, the barriers of the right atrial reentrant circuit are reasonably well established, and curative ablation with a high rate of success is available for this arrhythmia [1–7]. Atrial fibrillation has long been described as a disorganized or random phenomenon [8]. Recent studies, however, found evidence that the activation during atrial fibrillation is not entirely random [9], suggesting similarities among these common arrhythmias. In an animal model, the conversion of atrial fibrillation into atrial flutter and back has been shown to occur spontaneously [10]. In humans, however, the conversion of one arrhythmia into the other has not been extensively analyzed, although recent studies found evidence that especially atrial fibrillation may spontaneously convert into atrial flutter [11, 12]. Thus, in the present article, we will review the role of atrial anatomy for the relationship between atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter and its consequences for diagnosis and treatment.
Cost of surveillance imaging in head and neck cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy.

6610Background: The goal of surveillance is to detect potentially salvageable recurrence, allowing early salvage treatment and thereby improving clinical outcomes. Currently, there is limited data ...
GIS-Enabled Culvert Design: A Case Study in Tuscaloosa, Alabama

A GIS-enabled culvert design module is presented. This module employs Python programming to combine a proposed culvert location, topography, land use, and rainfall data to automatically design a culvert. The module is embedded within ESRI ArcGIS 10.4 software, providing a seamless single platform that eliminates error propagation associated with cross-platform data transfer as well as providing 95% time savings over traditional calculation methods. The module uses United States Geological Survey digital elevation data to analyze watershed topography. Runoff coefficients are determined from data available through the National Land Cover Database. Rainfall data are retrieved from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and combined with watershed and land use information to calculate peak discharge using the rational method. Peak discharge is then combined with culvert design parameters to design a single-barrel culvert. The module was used to redesign ten existing culverts along a highway in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, resulting in designs for updated land cover and rainfall conditions. Results from the techniques developed herein can be used for planning purposes and to highlight vulnerabilities in the existing infrastructure. The automation methods may be extended to other hydrologic objectives and runoff mitigation design such as open-channel design and detention or retention ponds.
A Generalization of Stochastic Calculus--A Conjecture

Existing models of calculus in finance, such as Ito calculus have an underlying assumption that the parameters are known. This paper relaxes that assumption. The paper proposes the creation of differentiable paths that do not require an expectation to exist. Further, the path minimizes the expected loss from using a predictive calculus and, under mild conditions, stochastically dominates any other path. Further, the path is assured to produce fair gambling odds if used in finance. This method maps to Ito and Stratonovich methods if the parameters are known and dominate them if they are not in the general case.
Correlation Patterns Between DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Background:DNA methylation is a form of epigenetic modification that has been shown to play a significant role in gene regulation. In cancer, DNA methylation plays an important role by regulating t...
Preoperative hemoglobin A1c levels and increased risk of adverse limb events in diabetic patients undergoing infrainguinal lower extremity bypass surgery in the Vascular Quality Initiative

Abstract Background The impact of preoperative glycemic control on the risk of adverse perioperative outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing lower extremity bypass (LEB) surgery is not well-understood. We determined whether higher preoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are associated with an increased risk of major adverse limb events, major adverse cardiovascular events, and mortality in diabetic patients undergoing infrainguinal LEB. Methods A retrospective review of all infrainguinal LEB surgeries in the Vascular Quality Initiative registry from January 2012 to February 2017 was performed. Only surgeries performed on diabetic patients with complete demographic and clinical data, including HbA1c value at the time of LEB, were included for analysis (n = 7727). Entries were stratified according to the following HbA1c levels: 6 or less (n = 1087), greater than 6 to 7 or less (n = 2137), greater than 7 to 8 or less (n = 1657), and greater than 8 (n = 2846). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of preoperative HbA1c levels on the risk of in-hospital major adverse limb events (above ankle amputation, loss of primary graft patency), major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia), and mortality. Results The number of surgeries complicated by adverse limb and cardiovascular events were 356 (4.6%) and 1314 (17.0%), respectively. There were 72 in-hospital deaths (0.9%). After adjustment for clinical and demographic variables, patients with high HbA1c values (≥8%) were at an increased risk of adverse limb events (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.86) compared with those with a normal HbA1c (>6% to ≤7%). High HbA1c values were not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.81-1.43) or mortality (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.83-3.03). Patients with low HbA1c values (≤6%) did not experience a significantly higher risk for any of the three outcomes. In a stratified analysis, the association of high HbA1c values with adverse limb events was only present in those presenting without critical limb ischemia (OR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05-3.16). Conclusions Poor preoperative glycemic control in diabetic individuals undergoing infrainguinal LEB, particularly in those without critical limb ischemia, is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital limb events. Further study should evaluate whether improved efforts to identify individuals with poorly controlled diabetes and subsequent interventions to better optimize glycemic control during the preoperative period improve limb outcomes after LEB.
Acoustic and Aerodynamic Comparisons of Voice Qualities Produced After Voice Training.

Summary Characteristics of true vocal fold vibration such as the proportion of closed phase of vibration to open phase, longitudinal tension, and the amount of medial compression are used to define four conditions during Estill Voice Training. However, it is unknown whether trainees achieve these phonatory differences after training. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures were used to determine differences in Slack, Thick, Thin, and Stiff conditions. Twenty-four female speech-language pathology graduate students received training perceiving and producing these four conditions and volunteered to participate 3–5 months later. After a 20-minute refresher training, participants were recorded using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System with electroglottography and Computerized Speech Lab. Four Estill Voice Training experts independently categorized the voice quality productions. Aerodynamic and acoustic measures of productions classified by at least three of four experts as having the intended quality determined if measures differentiated among voice qualities and supported the hypothesized physiological concepts used in training at Bonferroni corrected P ≤ 0.0063. Results showed that Slack had low fundamental frequency (fo), low sound pressure level (SPL), and high vibratory instability; Thick had high subglottal pressure (Psg), high SPL, and high vibratory stability; Stiff had high airflow while Thin had lower Psg than Thick. Seven measures differentiated the four qualities with 88.1% accuracy while only Psg, airflow, and jitter were required to differentiate Thick, Stiff, and Thin with 88.7% accuracy. As acoustic and aerodynamic measures differentiated among voice qualities and supported the theoretical physiological characteristics used in training, they could be used to track accuracy during training.
Introduction to the Carta Marina

This book is devoted to an imposing world map, printed on twelve sheets and rich in detail, that was designed by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemuller in 1516, whose only surviving exemplar is in the Jay I. Kislak Collection at the Library of Congress.
2755 Clinical Manifestations and Reproductive Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Hysteroscopic Resection of Placental Site Nodules

Study Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and reproductive outcomes of patients undergoing hysteroscopic resection of PSNs. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting University-affiliated fertility center. Patients or Participants Patients with secondary infertility undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy. The study cohort was compared based on final histopathology i.e., PSN (cases) vs. endometrial polyp (controls). Interventions Operative hysteroscopy. Measurements and Main Results Demographics (age, gravidity, parity, BMI) and reproductive history (preceding pregnancy type, number of prior miscarriages, duration of infertility) was compared among the PSN and endometrial polyp groups. Live birth rate after operative hysteroscopy was considered the primary outcome. Of the 2,688 hysteroscopic procedures during the study period, 2036 (75.7%) were excluded due to non-polypectomy diagnoses. Of these, 766 were excluded due to primary infertility. The 477 patients with secondary infertility were divided into PSN (n=34) and endometrial polyp (n=413) groups based on histopathology. The overall prevalence of PSNs in the study cohort was 7.6%. The median (IQR) age, gravidity, parity and BMI of women with PSNs was 38.5 (3.9) years, 2.41 (1.2), 0.9 (0.6) and 24.8 (6.7) kg/m2, respectively. The preceding pregnancy was IVF-conceived in 53% of women; the other 47% were conceived naturally. The median number of miscarriages in women with PSNs was 1.50 (1.1), with a median infertility duration of 18.1 (9.4) months. Women with PSNs were older (38.5 vs. 35.0 years; P Conclusion Among women undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy, PSNs are more commonly observed in women who are older and with a higher number of miscarriages when compared to women with endometrial polyps. The live birth rates after operative hysteroscopy are comparable between the groups.
New Freezeout Mechanism for Strongly Interacting Dark Matter

We present a new mechanism for thermally produced dark matter, based on a semi-annihilation-like process, $\ensuremath{\chi}+\ensuremath{\chi}+\mathrm{SM}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\chi}+\mathrm{SM}$, with intriguing consequences for the properties of dark matter. First, its mass is low, $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (but $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$ to avoid structure-formation constraints). Second, it is strongly interacting, leading to kinetic equilibrium between the dark and visible sectors, avoiding the structure-formation problems of $\ensuremath{\chi}+\ensuremath{\chi}+\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\chi}+\ensuremath{\chi}$ models. Third, in the $3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$ process, one dark matter particle is consumed, giving the standard-model particle a monoenergetic recoil. We show that this new scenario is presently allowed, which is surprising (perhaps a ``minor miracle''). However, it can be systematically tested by novel analyses in present and near-term experiments. In particular, the Co-SIMP model for thermal-relic dark matter can explain the XENON1T excess.
Electromyography signal analysis with real-time support vector machine

Modern Prosthetics for the rehabilitation of hand amputees has been improved recently, but the value of prosthetics for the freedom of movement and adoption in the daily life of amputees is still substandard. The Electromyography (EMG) signals are generated by human muscle systems when there are any movements and muscular activities. These signals are detected over different areas from the skin surfaces and each movement corresponds to a specific activation pattern of several muscles. In this research, multi-channel EMG measurements were performed with electrodes placed on involved arm muscles. Since deltoid, bicep brachii, pectoris major, and flexor digitorium muscles can almost independently move human arm with adjustable contraction forces, the surface EMG signals from these muscles were utilized to recognize different arm movements. The EMG signals were digitally recorded and processed using digital filters, feature extraction methods, and classification algorithms. For feature extraction, the envelopes were extracted from the signal waveforms. To reflect the moving average activities, the root means squares (RMS) operation and normalization were successively utilized as initial signal processing method. Afterward, an activation vector containing normalized RMS signals was obtained in realtime. For machine learning, the activation vectors were utilized to train a real-time support vector machine (SVM) classifier to recognize different muscle EMG signals and their respective motion commands. A detailed analysis using SVM reveals more than 98% accuracy for recognition and successful classification of different motion commands after training. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through several experiments.
М. К. Piatnitsky and O. O. Baryshnikov contribution to creation of ferroconcrete construction in Ukraine

In this article, key points of life and activity of M.K. Piatnitskyi and O.O. Baryshnikov as well known design engineersand creators of technologically new constructions in Ukraine are considered. The author gives slightly touches upon the issue of first cable railway creation and functioning in Ukraine. In particular, the author pais attention to Odessa and Kyiv cable railways, created by M.K. Piatnitskyi’s and O.O. Baryshnikov’s projects. Also, the authordetermines the role of ferroconcrete as innovation used in the process of building different massive constructions. On the article one can find description of Ozharskiy lighthouse as one the first examples of creation of a big ferroconcrete construction in the world.
The L-cysteine desulfhydrase of Escherichia coli.

The coenzyme function of pyridoxal-phosphate in cysteine desulfhydration and in the mechanistically similar serine and threonine dehydration (deamination) processes has been a subject of discussion in a number of recent publications (see, for example, Snell, 1952, and Braunstein and Shemyakin, 1953). A chemical model reaction has been proposed (Metzler and Snell, 1952). Evidence for pyridoxal-phosphate as a cofactor for the L-cysteine desulfhydrase of Proteus morganii is contained in the report by Kallio (1951). Cell-free extracts from Escherichia coli strain E26 and an aureomycin-resistant strain derived from it, however, were not stimulated by the inclusion of pyridoxal-phosphate during the desulfhydration of both the Dand the L-isomers (Saz and Brownell, 1954). The present communication describes the isolation and characterization of an L-cysteine desulfhydrase from a strain of E. coli. Virtually complete resolution for pyridoxal-phosphate has been attained.
Air taxi service for urban mobility: a critical review of recent developments, future challenges, and opportunities

Abstract Expected to operate in the imminent future, air taxi service (ATS) is an aerial on-demand transport for a single passenger or a small group of riders, which seeks to transform the method of everyday commute. This uncharted territory in the emerging transportation world is anticipated to enable consumers bypass traffic congestion in urban road networks. By adopting an electric vertical takeoff and landing concept (eVTOL), air taxis could be operational from skyports retrofitted on building rooftops, thus gaining advantage from an implementation standpoint. Motivated by the potential impact of ATS, this study provides a review of air taxi systems and associated operations. We first discuss the current developments in the ATS (demand prediction, air taxi network design, and vehicle configuration). Next, we anticipate potential future challenges of ATS from an operations management perspective, and review the existing literature that could be leveraged to tackle these problems (ride-matching, pricing strategies, vehicle maintenance scheduling, and pilot training and recruitment). Finally, we detail future research opportunities in the air taxi domain.
Patterns of ribonucleic acid synthesis in T5-infected Escherichia coli. II. Separation of high molecular weight ribonucleic acid species by disc electrophoresis on acrylamide gel columns.

Abstract Previous studies have identified three classes of protein or RNA that are formed in succession during the infective cycle of T5 development in Escherichia coli F. The accompanying paper applies the powerful technique of disc electrophoresis of pulse-labeled RNA on acrylamide gels followed by autoradiography to separate and identify individual species of RNA in order to characterize the conditions and factors concerned with the time of their appearance and duration of synthesis. The use of 2.6% acrylamide gels permits the separation of some RNA species of relatively higher molecular weight but does not satisfactorily separate components in the range of 2.6 to 8.5 x 104 daltons. This latter has been accomplished by use of 10% acrylamide gels. New distinct species of RNA have been identified and the characteristics of their periods of synthesis described. The relationship of the low and high molecular weight components has been studied by means of the technique of DNA-RNA hybridization-competition. It has been found that most of the low molecular weight Class II RNA is derived by cleavage of high molecular weight Class II RNA.
Parchment Barriers Revisited: The U.S. and South African Bills of Rights

At first glance the U.S. and South African bills of rights appear radically different. Rights the United States codified in 1792 were exclusively civil and political, while South Africa, in 1996, recognized the full panoply of modern rights: economic, social and environmental, as well as civil and political. Such differences can be deceiving as both bills have important similarities. Both were political documents with origins in a complex and difficult social milieu. Both were post-colonial attempts to express a vision of an ideal new political and social order and to establish the rules to guide its realization. Though separated by two hundred years and created in vastly different contexts of rights consciousness, both documents were born in a spirit of compromise and conflict. They were less the result of doctrinal purity than of political struggle. Only with appropriate political will can the legacy of both bills be a genuine commitment to human rights leavening the force of political expediency and cr...
Synchronizing crisis responses after a transgression: An analysis of BP's enacted crisis response to the Deepwater Horizon crisis in 2010

Purpose – With the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil well in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010 and until the well was officially “killed” on September 19, 2010, British Petroleum (BP) did not merely experience a crisis but a five‐month marathon of sustained, multi‐media engagement. Whereas traditional public relations theory teaches us that an organization should synchronize its messages across channels, there are no models to understand how an organization may strategically coordinate public relations messaging across traditional and social media platforms. This is especially important in the new media environment where social media (e.g. Facebook and Twitter) are increasingly being used in concert with traditional public relations tools (e.g. press releases) as a part of an organization's stakeholder engagement strategy. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – The present study is a content analysis examining all of BP's press releases (N=126), its Facebook posts (...
Embracing covariation in brain evolution: large brains, extended development, and flexible primate social systems

Brain size, body size, developmental length, life span, costs of raising offspring, behavioral complexity, and social structures are correlated in mammals due to intrinsic life-history requirements. Dissecting variation and direction of causation in this web of relationships often draw attention away from the factors that correlate with basic life parameters. We consider the “social brain hypothesis,” which postulates that overall brain and the isocortex are selectively enlarged to confer social abilities in primates, as an example of this enterprise and pitfalls. We consider patterns of brain scaling, modularity, flexibility of brain organization, the “leverage,” and direction of selection on proposed dimensions. We conclude that the evidence supporting selective changes in isocortex or brain size for the isolated ability to manage social relationships is poor. Strong covariation in size and developmental duration coupled with flexible brains allow organisms to adapt in variable social and ecological environments across the life span and in evolution.
Activation and inhibition of JAK-STAT signal transduction by RNA viruses

The investigation of interferon (IFN)-stimulated signal transduction leading to antiviral gene expression revealed the first members of the JAK and STAT protein families. The importance of IFN signaling in the innate cellular response to virus infection is highlighted by the evolution of numerous virus-encoded IFN evasion strategies that can prevent IFN production or antagonize downstream responses. Some RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae have evolved the ability to target STAT proteins directly to eliminate antiviral signaling, preventing IFN-stimulated gene expression and innate antiviral responses. The virus-encoded STAT inhibitors are highly homologous to each other, and target STATs through protein interactions. However, in-depth investigations of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms have revealed that individual paramyxovirus genera have evolved distinct mechanisms to mediate STAT destruction.
Emergency response to nuclear, biological and chemical incidents: challenges and countermeasures

Given the multiple terrorist attacks that have occurred in recent years in China, medical rescue teams and specialized incident assessment teams have been established by the government; however, medical rescue after nuclear, biological, and chemical incidents remains challenging and is often inefficient. In the present article, problems were analyzed regarding the assessment of responder countermeasures, training of professionals and the management of emergency medical incidents related to nuclear, biological and chemical attacks. Countermeasures, the establishment of response coordination, public education, practical training and exercise, and a professional consultant team or system should be the focus of emergency medical response facilities. Moreover, the government was offered professionals who are involved in managing nuclear, biological and chemical incidents.
Characterization of anti-Aeromonas salmonicida antibodies from coho salmon.

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) anti-Aeromonas salmonicida agglutinins were excluded from Sephadex G-200 and their activity was lost after partial reduction and alkylation followed by exposure to 2 M urea. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of coho antiserum revealed anodic and cathodic populations of immunoglobulin (Ig), and the anti-A. salmonicida antibodies present 12 weeks after parenteral immunization were primarily anodic Ig. Antibodies were specifically purified by dissociation of A. salmonicida cell wall agglutinates with 15% NaCl. The purified Ig was a 17S macroglobulin, and electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that it was composed of four IgM-like subunits. The minimum coho antibody concentration required for visible agglutination of A. salmonicida cells was approximately 0.006 μg of Ig nitrogen/ml. Images
TURNOVER OF MONOVALENT CATIONS IN PARAMECIUM

Regulation of sodium and potassium by Paramecium was studied by measuring fluxes of 22Na and 86Rb respectively. Fluxes of these tracers had the following similarities. (1) Steady-state turnover showed approximately single-pool kinetics with 50% turnover in ¾ h. (2) Efflux of both cations showed a specific exchange diffusion when the medium contained the corresponding non-radioactive cation. (3) The net efflux of both cations was slow in the absence of exchange diffusion. Fluxes showed the following differences. (1) The cells had 2 to 4 times as much K+Rb as Na. Therefore, (2) the K+Rb fluxes at steady state were 2-4 times larger than the Na fluxes, since the fractional turnover was the same for both cations. (3) Membrane excitation by Ba2+ stimulated the efflux of Rb but not Na. The efflux of 86Rb during membrane excitation appeared to represent the outward or delayed rectification that repolarizes the membranes after an action potential, since it was absent in a pawn mutant that is lacking in membrane excitation.
Assessing University Students’ Self-efficacy to Employ Alcohol-Related Harm Reduction Strategies

Abstract Objective: Develop and evaluate key psychometric properties of a self-report questionnaire specifically designed to assess student drinkers’ self-confidence to employ a variety of strategies intended to reduce unhealthy consequences of high-risk drinking. Methods: Four hundred ninety-eight participants rated their confidence (from “not at all confident” to “completely confident”) to employ 17 harm reduction strategies when drinking. Results: Factor analysis and internal consistency reliability analyses indicated that the 17 items constitute a single scale with good test–retest reliability. Consistent with other research examining previous use of such strategies, women in our sample reported significantly higher harm reduction self-efficacy than did men. Harm reduction self-efficacy was also associated with reported number of high-risk drinking episodes in the previous 2 weeks. Conclusion: This brief and easily administered questionnaire holds promise as a clinical tool to identify individuals wit...
Thermal transport: Breaking through barriers

Understanding heat flow across interfaces remains an open question for thermal science. Nanocrystal arrays may play a key role in unlocking this mystery.
Physician and patient attitudes toward obesity.

Several studies have found that health care professionals tend to hold negative attitudes regarding obesity. The degree to which patients perceive these attitudes, however, remains unclear. This study examined physicians’ and their obese patients’ attitudes toward obesity. In addition, the physicians’ attitudes were compared with their obese patients’ perceptions of their physicians’ attitudes. Though both physicians and their obese patients reported ambivalent overall attitudes regarding obesity, the physicians reported less negative attitudes than what their patients perceived. The implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.
Focusing near infrared spectroscopy on the business objectives of modern pharmaceutical production

The early use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical industry was for raw material identification, later moving on to some conventional “calibrations” for various ingredients in a variety of sample types. The approach throughout this development process has always been “conventional” with one measurement by NIR directly replacing some other slower method, be it Mid-IR identification, or determinations by Karl Fischer, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)etc. A significant change in approach was demonstrated by Plugge and Van der Vlies1 in 1993, where a qualitative system was used to provide “quantitative like” answers for potency of a drug substance. Following on from that key paper, there has been a realisation that the qualitative analysis ability of NIR, has the potential to be a powerful tool for process investigation, control and validation. The final step has been to develop “model free” approaches, that consider individual data sets as unique systems, and present the opportunity for NIR to escape the shackles of “calibration” in one form or another. The use of qualitative, or model free, approaches to NIR spectroscopy provides an effective tool for satisfying many of the demands of modern pharmaceutical production. “Straight through production,” “right first time,” “short cycle time” and “total quality management” philosophies can be realised. Eventually the prospect of parametric release may be materialised with a strong contribution from NIR spectroscopy. This paper will illustrate the above points with some real life examles.
Monoclinic polymorph of 2,5-dide-oxy-2,5-epithio-1,3:4,6-bis-O-[(R)-phenyl-methyl-ene]-l-iditol.

The title compound C20H20O4S, is polymorphic. In the tetra­gonal form, the mol­ecule lies on a crystallographic twofold axis, while the monoclinic form has only approximate C2 mol­ecular symmetry. The greatest excursion from C2 symmetry is in the orientation of the two phenyl rings; at 100 K, one of the rings is rotated −37.2 (3)° and the other by 46.9 (3)° from their symmetric (tetra­gonal) positions. There are only minor differences in the three-ring nucleus; the best mol­ecular fit of the tetra­gonal and monoclinic forms, both at 100 K and excluding phenyl rings and H atoms, shows an r.m.s. deviation of 0.066 A. Both forms have the same absolute configuration.
An action of subgroups of mapping class groups on polynomial algebras

Abstract We study a certain subgroup of the mapping class group of a surface with boundary by obtaining an action of this subgroup on a polynomial algebra. This action comes from a lift of the action of the subgroup on a trace algebra, Magnus having done a similar thing for the braid groups. We then investigate the invariant theory for this action and various representations that this action affords. In particular, we obtain finite permutation representations and infinite linear representations of these subgroups that are non-trivial on subgroups of the Torelli group.