cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brass Tube Residual Carbon Film Composition Inspection

Film composition analysis is made on residual carbon film qualitative inspection,chemical analysis photoeletron spectrometer ESCA semi-quantitative test to determine the existence of the residual carbon film,prevention measures are put forward for that.
Surgical approaches to oral lesions.

Dermatologists have expertise in diseases of the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Many of the skin diseases have major manifestations in the mouth, or the mouth may be the initial or sole site of involvement of diseases that more commonly have skin expression. Despite this, dermatologists have been reluctant to perform oral surgery. Surgery of the anterior one third to one half of the mouth usually is not difficult, and procedures are amenable to dermatologic surgical techniques. The anatomy, histopathology, and instrumentation of basic oral surgery are discussed with an emphasis on those aspects that differ from skin surgery.
Replacement endoprostheses in the treatment of the damaged hip.

Summary Although much emphasis is being placed today on total hip replacement, the endoprosthesis still has a place in treatment. The endoprosthesis is most useful in the treatment of a fresh fracture of the femoral neck in an elderly patient and in fractures of the femoral neck with nonunion, avascular necrosis of the head, comminution of the head, or dislocation. The results of its use in degenerative arthritis in which there is acetabular damage are not sufficiently good to justify this procedure. The endoprosthesis can be used as an alternative to a cup arthroplasty in an active person who is more than 60 years old and who has unilateral advanced disease, when the femoral head is grossly distorted and collapsed. In the patient with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or rheumatoid spondylitis without fracture of the femoral neck, the mold arthroplasty gives better long-term results. In the elderly patient with extensive changes in the acetabulum and in the head, a total hip replacement is the current treatment of choice.
Environmental factors associated with preschool obesity. II. Obesity and food practices of children at successive age levels.

As the babies in this study became older preschoolers, their food intakes, as reported by their mothers, appeared to provide adequate diets which supported desirable growth patterns.
Lower CSF Aβ is Associated with HAND in HIV-Infected Adults with a Family History of Dementia.

Background: Both family history of dementia (FHD) and lower levels of Aβ-42 are indepentently associated with worse neurocognitive functioning in HIVinfected patients. Objective: To examine the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ-42 and FHD with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Methods: One hundred eighty-three HIV+ adults underwent neuropsychological and neuromedical assessments, and determination of CSF Aβ-42 concentration and FHD (defined as a self-reported first or second-degree relative with a dementia diagnosis). Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were used. Results: FHD was not associated with HAND (p = 0.24); however, CSF Aβ-42 levels were lower (p = 0.03) in the HAND group, but were not associated with FHD (p = 0.89). Multivariable models showed a main effect of CSF Aβ-42 (p = 0.03) and a trend-level (p = 0.06) interaction between FHD and CSF Aβ-42, such that lower CSF Aβ-42 was associated with HAND in those with FHD (p < 0.01) compared to those without FHD (p = 0.83). An analysis in those with follow-up data showed that higher baseline CSF Aβ-42 was associated with lower risk of neurocognitive decline (p = 0.02). While we did not find an FHD X CSF Aβ-42 interaction (p = 0.83), when analyses were stratified by FHD, lower CSF Aβ-42 was associated at the trend-level with neurocognitive decline in the FHD group (p = 0.08) compared to the no FHD group (p = 0.15). Conclusion: FHD moderates the relationship between of CSF Aβ-42 and HAND. The findings highlight the complexities in interpreting the relationships between biomarkers of age-related neurodegeneration and HAND.
Fluctuations in the cross-correlation for fields lacking full diffusivity: The statistics of spurious features

Inasmuch as ambient noise fields are often not fully diffuse the question arises as to how, or whether, noise cross-correlations converge to Green's function in practice. Well-known theoretical estimates suggest that the quality of convergence scales with the square root of the product of integration time and bandwidth. However, correlations from natural environments often show random features too large to be consistent with fluctuations from insufficient integration time. Here it is argued that empirical seismic correlations suffer in practice from spurious arrivals due to scatterers, and not from insufficient integration time. Estimates are sought for differences by considering a related problem consisting of waves from a finite density of point sources. The resulting cross-correlations are analyzed for their mean and variance. The mean is, as expected, Green's function with amplitude dependent on noise strength. The variance is found to have support for all times up to its maximum at the main arrival. The signal-to-noise ratio there scales with the square root of source density. Numerical simulations support the theoretical estimates. The result permits estimates of spurious arrivals' impact on identification of cross-correlations with Green's function and indicates that spurious arrivals may affect estimates of amplitudes, complicating efforts to infer attenuation.
Performativity and Event in 1960s Japan: City, Body, Memory, by Peter Eckersall

During the Global Sixties artists, students, workers, and intellectuals occupied city streets and public institutions with their bodies, creating modes of protest and new art forms designed to quit...
Homophily as a Safety Net: Investigating When Smallholder Farmers Decide to Buy Hybrid Seed in Northern Ghana

Dynamic social relationships can enhance farmer adoption or lead to the rejection of modern seed varieties. Different social pathways provide farmers with information about traditional and commercial seeds. Identifying how social relationships facilitate different varietal use may reveal the informal safety nets indigenous farmers rely on when transitioning to modern varieties. While homophilous relationships have been observed to stifle farmers’ adoption of agricultural innovations, these bonded social relationships are the basis for informal seed exchange. Through homophilous relationships, farmers are able to communicate pertinent risks and foster greater support systems. By examining two communities in Northern Ghana, this study tests whether homophilous relationships function as safety nets that prevent farmers from using modern seed or if they mitigate risks of agrobiodiversity decline. Through social network analysis, particular relationships were observed to act as necessary safety nets for farmers’ adoption of commercial seed; whom farmers commonly interact with may protect indigenous groups from adverse risk.
Prüfer Domains of Integer-Valued Polynomials

Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K. The ring \(\mathrm {Int}(D) = \{f(x) \ \Vert \ f(D) \subseteq D \}\) has been studied as a ring for more than forty years. A major topic of interest during that time has been the question of when the construction yields a Prufer domain. The principal question has been resolved, but interesting generalizations are still being worked on. This is a survey paper that traces the history of study of integer-valued polynomial rings with a focus on when they are Prufer domains .
Fifth International Conference on Trends in Welding Research

(1999). Fifth International Conference on Trends in Welding Research. Materials Technology: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 25-28.
Research Update: Prediction of high figure of merit plateau in SnS and solid solution of (Pb,Sn)S

Direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy can be achieved by thermoelectric materials, which provide a viable route for power generation and solid state refrigeration. Here, we use a combination of energetic, electronic, and vibrational first-principles based results to predict the figure of merit performance in hole doped single crystals of SnS and (Pb,Sn)S. We find high ZT values for both materials, specifically for (Pb,Sn)S along the b-axis. Both SnS and (Pb,Sn)S have excellent power factors when doped, due to a combination of increased electrical conductivity (due to doping) and a significantly enhanced Seebeck coefficient obtained by a doping-induced multiband effect. Anharmonic phonon calculations combined with a Debye-Calloway model show that the lattice thermal conductivity of both compounds is low, due to intrinsic anharmonicity, and is lowered further by the random, solid solution nature of the cation sublattice of (Pb,Sn)S. (Pb,Sn)S exhibits a high ZT plateau ranging from 1.3 at 300 K to 1.9 at 800 K. The overall ZT of the hole doped (Pb,Sn)S crystals is predicted to outperform most of the current state-of-the-art thermoelectric sulfide materials.
Application of Radioimmunoassay for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Foods.

The staphylococcal enterotoxins can be iodinated with chloramine-T, lactoperoxidase or gaseous iodine. Low concentrations of enterotoxin, chloramine-T and 125I are recommended to avoid possible damage to the enterotoxin. The antigen-antibody complex can be separated from the unreacted enterotoxin by antibodies adsorbed onto tubes or bromoacetyl-cellulose or by precipitation of the complex with a second antibody or protein A cells. As little as 1 ng of enterotoxin per gram of food can be detected in food extracts with the solid-phase tube method or by precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex with protein A cells.
Access of Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniations to Spine Surgeons: The Effect of Insurance Type Under the Affordable Care Act.

STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of insurance type (Medicaid vs. a specific private insurance) on patient access to spine surgeons for lumbar disc herniation as measured by (A) acceptance of insurance, (B) need for a referral, and (C) wait time for appointment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Limited studies have been conducted to examine the issue of patient access to spine surgeons based on different insurance types (Medicaid vs. a specific private insurance), especially in relation to the Medicaid expansion that resulted from the Affordable Care Act. METHODS Appointment success rates, the need for a referral, and waiting periods were compared between Medicaid and a specific private insurance for patients needing an evaluation for a herniated lumbar disc. The waiting period was studied in the context of comparing states that have expanded Medicaid eligibility to ones that have not, and the surgical training of the spine surgeon (orthopaedic surgeons vs. neurosurgeons). RESULTS Appointment success rate for patients seeking access to lumbar spine care was significantly higher for patients with BlueCross insurance (95.0%) versus patients with Medicaid insurance (0.8%) (P <0.001). The need for referrals was significantly higher for patients with Medicaid insurance (93.3%) versus patients with BlueCross insurance (4.2%) (P <0.001). Among BlueCross patients, wait times were longer in Medicaid-expanded states. However, the same trend was not seen among patients with Medicaid insurance. CONCLUSION Patients with Medicaid were less successful at scheduling an appointment and faced more barriers to care, such as the need for a referral, compared with the private insurance studied. In the states with expanded Medicaid, wait times for appointments were longer for BlueCross patients, but were not longer for patients with Medicaid insurance. Overall, this study suggests that increased coverage resulting from Medicaid expansion does not necessarily equate to increased access to care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
Dynamic Interplay of Pharmacy Learners During a Solid Organ Transplantation Learning Experience.

Institutions with established clinical pharmacy services have the ability to offer focused patient care learning experiences, often led by a clinical specialist, for pharmacy residents and pharmacy...
Yager's Probability of a Fuzzy Event in Stochastic Control under Fuzziness

Abstract Multistage control of a stochastic system (Markov chain) in a fuzzy environment is considered. Fuzzy constraints are imposed on the subsequent controls and a fuzzy goal is imposed on the final state (output). The fuzzy decision is of intersection type. An optimal sequence of controls is sought which maximizes the probability of attainment of the fuzzy goal subject to the fuzzy constraints. The fuzzy goal is viewed as a fuzzy event and its probability is assumed in the sense of Yager, i.e. a fuzzy set in [0,1]. Dynamic programming is used to solve the control problems formulated.
The Importance of the Chief Executive: How Corporate Governance Evolves when a Country Transforms

Economic systems, such as for instance capitalist systems, socialist systems, communist systems- we have learned to talk about those systems in the plural today (Morgan, Whitley, Moen, 2004; Crouch...
The Appalachian Orogenic Belt: An Example of Compressional Mountain Building

As an example of compressional mountain building, Chapter 23 takes a detailed look at the geology and tectonics of the Appalachian Mountain system. This is a classic orogenic belt that, with the exception of erosion, has not changed appreciably since its final amalgamation some 265 million years ago. Three geologic realms are exposed in the US Appalachians: the Laurentian, Iapetus, and peri-Gondwana realms. Each is composed of several terranes. The chapter begins with a discussion of a few of the major tectonic boundaries, followed by a discussion of flysch and molasse basins and foreland fold-and-thrust belts. The three geologic realms and their terranes, including internal massifs and the Carolina, Ganderia, and Avalon superterranes, are discussed. The chapter ends with a discussion of the collision sequence that created the Appalachian Mountains.
An assessment of sexual health risk behaviors among female youth in juvenile detention

This study investigated the association between risky sexual behavior and drug use among female youth sentenced to a regional juvenile detention center. Preincarceration behavioral health risk data...
Possession and Expression

Robust protections for just possessory rights ground and enable participation in the ecosystem of expression. These protections are rooted in the Principle of Fairness and reflect the importance of a broad range of complementary values.
MELAKUKAN AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENTS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AGAMA ISLAM

This article discussed about how an educator doing an assessment which appropriated to learning com-ponents. Because few educators are able to assess in appro-priate with the norm of learning assessment. As known in learning, the assessments were done either formative or summative. Further, there are two kinds of assessment, test and non-test assessment. In which, each of those assess-ments were divided into several aspects. Therefore, there are many ways which educator could do especially on Islamic learning, in order to know learner’s mastery toward concepts and religious values taught by the educator, and to be conti-nued into the implementation in daily life. Remember that the norm referenced assessment, criterion referenced assess-ment, and principal assessment could not be forgotten in assessing. By knowing those aspects, the educator will be able to classify the alteration given by learners for their competences through deeply assessments. Key words: Assessment, Authentic, Religious Learning
A mathematical analysis of adaptations to the metabolic fate of fructose in essential fructosuria subjects.

Fructose is a major component of Western diets and is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In response to an oral challenge, the majority of fructose is cleared during “fi...
Focused antenna arrays for wireless power transfer applications

Focused antenna arrays have the ability to concentrate their radiated power to a point. In this work, we study the advantages and benefits of these types of arrays for wireless power transfer applications. Through case studies, we demonstrate that focused arrays can significantly increase the total received power at the receiver and this capability can significantly enhance the efficiency of these wireless energy systems.
Olfactory deficits and psychosis-spectrum symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Abstract Olfactory functioning is a promising biomarker for psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) but has not been well studied to date. This is a pilot effort to evaluate the potential for tests of olfactory functioning to contribute to risk and resilience prediction in 22q11DS, and is the first study to evaluate relationships among olfactory deficits, cognition and psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Odor identification and discrimination were evaluated in 32 individuals with 22q11DS and 110 healthy comparison subjects (HC). Individuals with 22q11DS also underwent cognitive testing with the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, which evaluates executive functioning, episodic memory, complex cognition, and social cognition. Positive, negative, disorganized and general psychosis-spectrum symptoms were rated according to the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms. Age-normalized scores were calculated for odor identification and discrimination based on normative data. Both odor identification (p
Akodon orophilus (South American field mouse)

The smallest autosomal pair is biarmed. All acrocentrics are relatively small. The identification of the X chromosome may be equivocal, but that of the Y is unequivocal.
Structured and Semistructured Interviews

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the major features and advantages of structured interviews, followed by a discussion of the most popular multidisorder structured interviews. The chapter highlights the fact that structured and semistructured interviews have greatly facilitated the task of differential diagnosis and problem clarification in diverse clinical and research settings. The reliability of diagnosis is much improved with the use of structured interviews, compared to the unstandardized approach, which is common in clinical practice. Improved reliability provides the foundation for enhanced validity or meaningfulness of diagnosis. Given the field's recent emphasis on empirically supported psychotherapeutic interventions and processes, it is hoped that a concomitant focus on clinically relevant, standardized, and validated assessment procedures will be realized as well. Structured and semistructured interviews can and should play an important role in the advancement of the science of clinical psychology. This chapter concludes with a review of more specialized structured interviews to provide the reader with an appreciation for the diversity of clinical information that structured interviews can provide.
Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) for assessing and monitoring civil infrastructures

Abstract: This chapter discusses the current state-of-the-art micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) sensors specifically designed and implemented for structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil structures. The MEMS sensors have significant potential for advancing SHM methods because of diverse manufacturing capabilities, which allow integrating multiple sensing elements on the same device and on-chip electronics. The sensor types, which are commonly manufactured using micromachining methods, include accelerometer, acoustic emission sensor, strain, and corrosion sensor. The chapter first reviews the sensor materials, micromachining methods, and sensor characteristics. The chapter then discusses typical MEMS sensor designs used for SHM, application examples, and future trends. Further reading and references are provided at the end of the chapter.
The Promise and Challenge of Integrating Multidisciplinary and Civically Engaged Learning

Today’s students need to become specialists in their profession while also recognizing the blinders that specialization brings—they need both disciplinary and meta-disciplinary learning. Today’s un...
Update on the prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome is a constellation of metabolic derangements seen when tumor cells die and release their intracellular contents into the systemic circulation. Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, ...
ERUS and ERUS-FNA of Intramural and Extramural Masses of the Colorectum

Endorectal endoscopic ultrasound (ERUS) allows a highly detailed assessment of the rectal wall layers and visualization of the extraluminal structures. ERUS combined with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is superior to imaging studies alone for the evaluation of benign and malignant lesions by providing material for cytology; thus, it is extremely helpful for staging of colorectal adenocarcinoma, detection of metastases, and differentiation of a metastatic carcinoma to the lymph nodes from a non-metastatic tumor nodule. ERUS-FNA of intramural and extramural lesions of the colorectum is a safe, minimally invasive, and well-tolerated procedure that provides valuable information and affects patient management. Based upon ERUS-FNA findings, cancer patients with postoperative benign colorectal masses can be treated conservatively, avoiding surgery, chemoradiation, or over-staging. In addition, ancillary studies, including cultures, immunostains, or molecular tests, can be performed on material obtained by ERUS-FNA.
Trauma to the Heart and Great Vessels

Thoracic trauma, with the potential for injury of the heart or great vessels, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical suspicion of injury, with logical and sequential evaluation, followed by timely intervention is required to optimize survival. Operative evaluation and repair of injuries may be performed via median sternotomy, left or clamshell thoracotomy, and supraclavicular approaches. Endovascular techniques to repair aortic and subclavian injuries are increasing and are important tools for the management of great vessel trauma.
Are Big Mergers Welfare Enhancing when there is Environmental Externality

Abstract Previous studies find that horizontal merger deals that consolidate a majority of firms in the market are likely to reduce welfare. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the size of a merger and welfare in industries with environmental externality. In an international framework we show that in a market where more than 50% of firms have merged, a further increase in the size of the merger could increase or decrease welfare depending on two previously unexplored factors: (i) a given threshold of size of a merger and (ii) the pollution intensity of firms. Furthermore, we show that the relationship between welfare and size of merger can be affected by an exogenous change in emission tax at home and in a foreign country.
Does Antitrust Have Digital Blind Spots

Antitrust law is at a crossroad. Over the past forty years, following the consumer welfare standard as its guiding principle, it has evolved into a coherent and evidence-based approach to adjudication of individual disputes and the shaping of antitrust institutions. While calls to reform or reshape the antitrust enterprise are not new, the rise and influence of digital markets and “multisided platforms” have spawned new calls for antitrust reformation from academia and politicians across the political divide. The premise shared by antitrust reformers in both chambers of Congress and academia is that reformation is needed to cure “blind spots” in antitrust’s ability to identify and remedy anticompetitive conduct in digital markets. The embodiment of these concerns is found in high-profile digital reports produced by think tanks and competition agencies, which target a number of economic features and practices of digital platforms to illustrate how current antitrust jurisprudence has failed to properly constrain monopolistic behavior. Central to the reformers’ claim that antitrust suffers from blind spots in digital markets are a number of key presumptions. First, that digital platforms are characterized by impenetrable network effects which lead to and preserve “winner takes all” or “winner takes most” outcomes. These effects allegedly prevent competitors with better products and technology from competing. Second, that self-preferencing, such as with private label products, and setting defaults on digital devices are harmful to consumers when used by platforms with large market shares. The idea is that users are improperly steered away from rival products to those of dominant platforms. Relatedly, there is a view that the recent Supreme Court decision in Ohio v. American Express is indicative of the inability of U.S. courts to properly assess the intricacies of network effects and platform conduct within the current framework. The stakes are high. The costs of getting it wrong can lead to considerable economic harm, as platforms represent an increasingly important part of the global economy and improper antitrust condemnation of potentially procompetitive behavior will stifle innovation and deprive consumers of features and products that they enjoy. To date, there has been no systematic response to these key presumptions driving the conclusions in the influential digital reports. I examine each of these presumptions and explain why they are not well-grounded. I examine how network effects can differ in nature and scope depending on the context and type of platform. Further, I explicitly develop a framework to assess platform defaults to guide reform discussions. Finally, I explain the Supreme Court’s decision in American Express as properly melding the rule of reason approach with economic learning on multisided platforms. I conclude with what appears to be the most radical proposal in the current debate: that current antitrust law and enforcement actually are sufficient to properly assess and adjudicate conduct involving digital platforms, with unclouded vision.
Development of biodegradable occluders in the treatment for congenital heart diseases

Percutaneous intervention with occluder has become the preferred radical therapy for most of common congenital heart diseases, such as atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus.At present, most occluders for clinical use are made of nitinol, which will permanently exist in human body after implantation, and lead to the risk of severe complications such as chronic inflammation, cardiac perforation and high-grade atrioventricular block.Biodegradable occluder will be gradually replaced by body tissues after implantation.Investigators are exploring to develop biodegradable occluder with different biodegradable materials.In particular, a completely biodegradable atrial septum occlusion system (Absnow™) developed by the team of professor Zhang Zhiwei has been approved for clinical trial by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2018, which is the first completely biodegradable atrial septal defect occluder entered the clinical trial phase in the world.The results of human trial test demonstrated the initial safety and effectiveness of this occluder.However, multi-center clinical trials are needed for evaluation and verification.Currently, selecting suitable materials for developing new biodegradable occluders, and the effectiveness and safety of occluders are the focuses and development trend of studies on biodegradable occluders in the treatment of congenital heart diseases. Key words: Congenital heart disease; Biodegradable/Bioabsorbable; Occluder
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of early postoperative hyperglycemia in surgical patients: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is common and associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Currently, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that addresses the knowledge gap of the incidence of POHG in surgical patients and that explores the associated risk factors and complications. The objective of this study will be to estimate the pooled incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of early postoperative hyperglycemia in men and women globally. We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the incidence of postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG). We will search PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, OVID (HEALTH STAR), OVID (MEDLINE), and Joana Briggs Institute EBF Database (from inception onwards). Randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies reporting the incidence of POHG and conducted in surgical patients will be included. No age, geographical location, study design, or language limits will be applied. The primary outcome will be the incidence of POHG. Secondary outcomes will be risk factors and clinical outcomes of POHG. Two reviewers will independently screen citations, full text articles, and abstract data, extract data, and evaluate the quality and bias of included studies. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion or consultation with a third researcher. The risk of bias and study methodological quality of included studies will be evaluated by the appropriate Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis with a logit transformation of proportions. We will report the probability of postoperative hyperglycemia as a measure of incidence rate, relative risk ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals to report the effects of the risk factors and postoperative outcomes. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., age, gender, geographical location, publication year, comorbidities, type of surgical procedure). The Egger test and funnel plots will be used to assess small study effects (publication bias). This systematic review and meta-analysis will identify, evaluate, and integrate the evidence on the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of early POHG in surgical patients. The results of this study can be used to identify populations which may be at particular risk for POHG. Future studies which use this information to better guide post-operative glycemic control in surgical patients could be considered. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020167138
Connecting landscape-scale ecological restoration and tourism: stakeholder perspectives in the great plains of North America

This grounded theory research seeks to understand stakeholder attitudes towards tourism development and ecological restoration around a landscape-scale ecological restoration project in Montana, US...
Sediment Trapping Pathways and Mechanisms through the Mekong Tidal River and Subaqueous Delta

Abstract : A long-term goal of our sediment transport and deposition investigations is to link sediment-transport processes to the formation and preservation of event beds in sediment deposits. The general aim of this project is to investigate how forcing processes affect the sediment-transport dynamics that act to effect the delivery and retention of fine-grained sediment through tidal rivers and in shallow-water coastal regions. We strive to understand how the delicate balance of ebb and flood sediment fluxes is maintained to create tidal flat and mangrove complexes, and distributary shoals and islands within tidal rivers. All of these environments are characterized by variable bathymetry and variable seabed stability, and our goal is to answer the question: How do the processes that control the transfer of finegrained sediment, e.g., tidal, riverine and other seasonal processes (e.g., winds/waves, precipitation, temperature and biological factors) influence the transport pathways, seabed erosion/deposition, and morphological development in shallow tidally influenced systems?
Limb lengthening in down syndrome

Introduction: The average life expectancy for Down syndrome patients has markedly improved. Musculoskeletal disorders occur in 20%–27% of patients with Down syndrome, with hip or knee instability among the most common presentations. Leg length discrepancy has rarely been reported in Down syndrome but can occur as the result of previous lower extremity surgery. This case report presents our experience with the first documented use of an intramedullary lengthening nail to correct a 4.5 cm iatrogenic leg length discrepancy in a skeletally mature Down syndrome patient. Materials and Methods: A single patient surgically treated for leg length discrepancy was followed over a 1-year period and retrospectively reviewed. Results: An 17-year-old male with Down syndrome presented with a 4.5 cm leg length discrepancy secondary to a previously attempted hip fusion. He had been treated with a shoe lift but had difficulty walking with the lift and resorted to toe walking whenever the lift was not being used. His mother, who was his full-time caregiver, was interested in surgical options for permanently correcting his discrepancy. After long discussions over multiple visits covering the risks and benefits of the various choices, the decision to proceed with lengthening of the short limb using a retrograde femoral intramedullary lengthening nail was made. Distraction osteogenesis of 4.5 cm with full consolidation was achieved in this patient without complications. He was able to return to full independent ambulation without a lift by 4 months. Conclusion: Limb lengthening requires a detailed postoperative protocol that may appear to be difficult for a Down syndrome patient with cognitive developmental delay to manage. However, this report documents that if the patient has a reliable caregiver and close postoperative monitoring is maintained, a successful outcome is possible. This represents the first published case of limb lengthening in a Down syndrome patient.
Examining the impact of differing guilt advertising appeals among the Generation Z cohort

Generation Z (Gen Z), consisting of individuals born between 1995 and 2010, is an important target for nonprofits due to the cohort’s high degree of social consciousness. However, Gen Z consumers are challenging to impact via advertising appeals due to their short attention spans. Our research investigates the relative impact of advertising appeals based on reactive guilt, anticipatory guilt, and existential guilt on Gen Z students at a West Coast private university. The study fills a research gap by comparing all three types of guilt in one study and examining their effect on Gen Z vs. non-Gen Z individuals. Student groups at a private university in the U.S. are tested using a within-subjects experimental design. Findings indicate that advertising appeals eliciting existential guilt most motivate advertisement engagement and likelihood to donate among Gen Z individuals. In addition, the effect of existential guilt is stronger in the Gen Z cohort than non-Gen Z ones, and particularly high among women vs. men. Results are valuable to nonprofits seeking to make inroads on charitable giving with Gen Z.
Terrorists and Toxins

Toxic Terror. Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons. Jonathan B. Tucker, Ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000. 320 pp. $45. ISBN 0-262-20128-3. Paper, $20. ISBN 0-262-70071-9. Incidents of chemical and biological terrorism (CBT) have been infrequent, with relatively few casualties. The contributors9 discussions of 12 widely cited cases of CBT highlight the motivational and operational constraints on terrorists and demonstrate a powerful approach to assessing the CBT threat.
Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei, a new species of hermit crab (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from French Polynesia.

Pylopagurops is lemaitrei, new species, is described from French Polynesia. It closely resembles P. lewinsohni McLaughlin & Haig, 1989, in having three longitudinal sulci on the lateral face of the propodus of the right third pereopod. The new species is eas­ ily distinguished from the latter by the coloration and morphology of the che- lipeds, ambulatory pereopods and tel- son. Coloration of the chelipeds and ambulatory pereopods of the new species is very similar to that of P. kei­ jii McLaughlin & Haig, 1989. However, coloration of the ocular peduncles and antennas and morphology of the right third pereopod separate the new species from P. keijii.
The Effect of Drought Stress on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Traits of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) Cultivars

Drought, one of the environmental stresses, is the most significant factor restricting plant production in the majority of agricultural fields of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. Drought often causes serious problems in wheat production areas. A field study was conducted on clay-silt soil, in the Research Field, Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute, in Diyarbakir during 1999-2000 growing season in order to evaluate genotypes for yield, yield components and some quality traits. Fourteen wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) cultivars were grown under well watered and natural drought conditions. Morphological traits were measured at anthesis and yield, yield components and quality traits were evaluated at ripening time. The flowering period was negatively associated with grain yield, while grain filling period, chlorophyll content, number of grains per spike and spikelets per spike were positively associated with grain yield under drought conditions. Moreover, the number of days to maturity was negatively associated with Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI), while Spike length was positively associated to DSI in drought conditions. DSI and relative yield (RY) values for grain yield were used to describe yield stability and yield potential. There were high variations in DSI and RY values within genotypes. DSI values for grain yield ranged from 0.82 to 1.07 and the mean RY values were 0.82 for well-watered plots and 0.87 for water stressed plots. The varieties ‘Gidara-II’, ‘Saricanak-98’, ‘Balcali-2000’, ‘Altintoprak-98’, ‘Aydin-93’ and ‘Harran-95’ showed high yield potential and stability (DSI mean RY).
The Theory of Anomalous Cosmic Rays

Anomalous cosmic rays are a heliospheric phenomenon in which interstellar neutral atoms stream into the heliosphere, are ionized by either solar radiation or the solar wind, and are subsequently accelerated to very high energies, greater than 1 GeV. Current thinking has the hulk of the acceleration to very-high energies taking place, by the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration, at the termination shock of the solar wind. Detailed two-dimensional numerical simulations and models based on this picture show broad agreement with a number of the observed properties of anomalous cosmic rays. Recent improvements to this picture include the observation of multiply charged cosmic rays and the suggestion that some “preacceleration” of the initially ionized particles occurs in the inner heliosphere.
Intestinal bleeding in patients with Whipple's disease

Five consecutive patients with Whipple's disease exhibited intestinal blood loss at the time of their initial presentation. Three had gross intestinal bleeding and the other 2 had occult bleeding with microcytic anemia. Although not generally emphasized, Whipple's disease needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding.
ID: 251: Fences make good neighbors: staying out of your neighbor’s genetic yard

The sole purpose of the mammary gland is the production of milk and during lactation more than 95% of the mRNA in secreting epithelial cells is contributed by less than 10 genes. Control relays regulating these genes are characterized by two astounding features, their ability to activate expression more than 10,000-fold during pregnancy and prevent regulatory spillover to neighboring genes. Studies in our laboratory focus on the critical roles of the common cytokine-inducible transcription factor (TF) STAT5 and the chromatin factor CTCF in the establishment of mammary-specific enhancers and the organization of regulatory chromatin domains that prevent regulatory spillover of these powerful enhancers to neighboring genetic loci. Through ChIP-seq experiments we defined the entirety of mammary enhancers in the mouse genome. These enhancers are characterized by the presence of H3K27ac and the joint binding of the TFs STAT5, GR, NFIB and MED1. CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing in mice was used to explore the role of defined STAT5 binding sites in the establishment and function of mammary-specific enhancers. Notably, STAT5 is the pioneer factor in the establishment and function of a subset of mammary enhancers. CTCF ChIP-seq experiments established putative chromatin boundaries of mammary-specific genetic islands. Using CRISPR/CAS9 CTCF sites within and surrounding mammary-specific islands were mutated in mice and their functional significance in establishing mammary-restricted gene regulation was investigated.
Stop consonants discrimination and clustering using nonlinear transformations and wavelets

We present a new algorithmic procedure for the classification and clustering of the English six stop consonants /p, t, k, b, d, g/ on the basis of C V (Consonant-Vowel) or VC syllables. The central difficulties of the stop consonant problem lie in the nonstationary and nonlinear statistical structures of the acoustic signal in the burst and transition regions, Nonstationarity renders the application of Fourier transform methods questionable, and points to time-domain methods, Nonlinearities point to nonparametric statistical methods. We deal with the nonstationary and nonlinear effects by combining two powerful tools: (a) a wavelet transform of the acoustic signal and the associated “waveletogram”; (b) nonparametric transformations of the “waveletogram” and a nonlinear classification rule based on these transformations. An important byproduct of our method is the construction of certain two-dimensional clustering plots for stop consonants as well as for vowels. We know of no other method in the literature that yields such clustering plots for consonants. We present two experiments; in both experiments, the correct classification rates for stop consonants is over 93% when 50 to 60 ms of speech signal are used, and over 95% when 90 to 100 ms are used. For the classification of both the stop consonants and the vowels, the optimal trade-off occurs when 140 to 160 ms of speech signal are used, with correct classification rates for stop consonants over 95% and nearly 100% for vowels.
Automatic Repeat Request

This article describes automatic repeat request (ARQ), a technique for improving the reliability of digitally-transmitted data through the re-transmission of corrupt frames. It begins by describing the use of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes to detect the presence of errors in received data. It then describes three protocols through which the transmitter and receiver coordinate the re-transmission procedure; those protocols are “Stop-and-Wait,” “Go-Back-N”, and “Selective Repeat.” These three re-transmission strategies are briefly analyzed in terms of their efficiency (“throughput”) and reliability (“frame error rate”). Finally, hybrid ARQ schemes, which incorporate both re-transmission (ARQ) and forward-error control (FEC) techniques, are discussed. Keywords: automatic repeat request; ARQ; error control; FEC; cyclic redundancy check; CRC; error correcting codes; selective repeat; go-back-N; stop-and-wait
Fort Lee: The Film Town

Film historian Paul Spehr introduces Fort Lee: The Film Town with a discussion of the impressive George Washington Bridge, which connects northern New Jersey to Manhattan. Built in the early 1930s,...
Modelling and computation for applications in mathematics, science, and engineering

1: Mathematics, computational chemistry and battery building: some notions. 2: Transport of multispecies contaminants with biological and chemical kinetics in porous media. 3: Equidistribution and extremal energy of N points on the sphere. 4: Some reduced-dimension models based on numerical methods. 5: Viscous approximation to transonic gas dynamics: flow past profiles and charged-particle systems. 6: Two carrier semiconductor device models with geometric structure and symmetry properties. 7: Approximation issues for applications in optimal control and parameter estimation. 8: Zero distribution, the Szego curve, and weighted polynomial approximation in the complex plane. 9: Existence and the singular relaxation limit for the inviscid hydrodynamic energy model
Game Design: Games for the World Wide Web

Computer game sales is a multibillion-dollar-a-year enterprise. Internet access is available to more than 50% of homes in the United States and has created a global community of potential game players. Successful game design requires careful attention to the expectations of the intended group of users with regard to such elements as story line, use of multimedia, puzzles, interactivity, and artificial intelligence. With stand-alone computer games, high-resolution graphics and game performance are often their most attractive marketing features. Networked games provide users with the opportunity to interact with human opponents in widely scattered geographic locations. Some types of games are easier than others to adapt for delivery on the Internet. The World Wide Web has the potential to support the development, marketing, and delivery of computer games. Keywords: demos; flash; game engine; rendering; sprite; third-person game
Effect of chronic changes in rate of enterohepatic cycling on bile acid kinetics and biliary lipid composition in the Rhesus monkey

Abstract Although several studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between size of the bile salt pool and frequency of enterohepatic cycling, most such data have been obtained in conditions where control of cycling frequency was not possible. In this study, we diverted bile from the bile duct of Rhesus monkeys into a reservoir and returned it to the duodenum at varying rates, a model that mimicked differences in frequency of gallbladder emptying. As cycling frequency increased from 1 to 8 cycles/day, size of the bile salt pool decreased from 1756 μM to 369 μM. Changes in fractional turnover rate parallelled changes in cycling frequency. The relative composition of the biliary lipids remained the same throughout the range of cycling frequencies. These data show that direct manipulation of cycling frequency had the predicted effects on other parameters of the enterohepatic circulation but did not give rise to lithogenic bile.
Expanding Choice through Defined Contributions: Overcoming a Non‐Participatory Health Care Economy

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (the Affordable Care Act) is the law of the land. But it faces an uncertain future. During congressional deliberations on the 2,700-page legislation leading up to its enactment, from February to March 2010, not one major survey recorded majority support for the legislation. Since its enactment, popular opposition to the Affordable Care Act has hardened, and was a significant factor in the 2010 congressional election, in which Democrats lost 63 seats and Republicans regained the majority in the House of Representatives. Ballot initiatives in Missouri and Ohio, showcasing popular opposition to the individual mandate, passed in 2010 with overwhelming majorities. While the United States Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business et al. v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct. 2566 ( 2012), declared the mandate on the states to expand Medicaid unconstitutionally coercive, the majority of the Justices also upheld the individual mandate as a permissible tax. The new law thus emerged as a central topic in the 2012 election.
Some basic viscous flows in micropolar fluids

This paper analyzes some basic viscous flows of micropolar fluids. The problems ofCouette andPoiseuille flows between two parallel plates and a rotating fluid with a free surface, are solved using the theory of micropolar fluids. The results are presented graphically and compared with the classical ones, and the differences are discussed.