cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methionine-oxidized horse heart cytochromes c. II. Conformation and heme configuration

The two products from the reaction of horse heart ferricytochrome c with Chloramine-T, the FIII and FII CT-cytochromes, contain modification of the methionines to methionine sulfoxides, but they are distinct in their physiological functions. Conformational and heme-configurational characterization of the two CT-cytochromes has been carried out by using absorption, circular dichroism, fluorescence, proton magnetic resonance, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The pH-absorption spectroscopic behavior, thermal stability, and ionization of the phenolic hydroxyls have also been reported. Spectroscopic studies of the heme c fragment, H8, in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide, as a model for CT-cytochrome heme configuration, were also conducted. The ferric and the ferrous CT-cytochromes above pH 7.5 have similar, yet distinct, spectroscopic properties, absorption, CD, resonance Raman, and PMR spectra, typical of low-spin hexacoordinated hemes, but distinct from those of the unmodified protein. The ferric spectrum lacks the 695-nm band, and the reduced spectrum contains an additional inflection at about 400 nm, a feature also observed in the spectra of ferrous H8-DMSO systems. The CD, resonance Raman, and PMR spectra are typical of a cytochrome with a loosened heme crevice and altered coordination configuration. The Methionine-80 proton resonances are absent in the uupfield PMR spectra of both the CT-ferricytochromes. The ferrous spectra, on the other hand, contain all the Met-80 resonances, but with smaller upfield shifts than those of the native protein. Both CT-ferric cytochromes are less stable in the acid region and convert to high-spin forms with a two-step transition and with a distinct set of pKa values. The overall conformation is nearly identical to that of the native protein, but it is less stable to thermal unfolding. All the factors differentiating the modified preparations from the unmodified protein are more pronunced in the case of FII, with FIII being the closest to the unmodified form. The two functionally distinct CT-cytochromes are two conformational isomers; conformationally and heme configurationally, they are spectroscopically very similar, yet distinct. Both contain an altered heme iron coordination configuration. The sulfur of Met-80 is repalced by the oxygen of Met-80 sulfoxide of a different configuration, R or S. Both contain a loosened heme crevice and are conformationally less stable than the native protein, FII CT-cytochrome c being the most deranged.
Using return on investment models of programs and faculty for strategic planning

This chapter discusses the use of a return on investment models for higher education institutions.
“Homelessness Is Not a Choice!” The Plight of Homeless Women With Preschool Children Living in Temporary Shelters:

The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of homeless women with preschool children living in temporary shelters. Two shelters were selected as sites for data collection: a large metropolitan shelter housing up to 110 women and children and a small shelter providing housing for up to six families. Six focus groups were conducted that included a total of 29 participants. An interpretive phenomenological approach to data analysis was used. Themes and exemplars were identified. The interpretation of the data was brought back for group validation to assure the analysis presented an accurate reflection of the women’s voices. The findings from this study may be used to understand the experiences of homeless women with preschool children living in temporary shelters. Shelter sites offer nurses a unique practice setting in which innovative interventions could be designed to promote the health and welfare of homeless women and their children.
Bremsstrahlung Radiation in Intense Magnetic Fields

IT has been recognized that the very high surface brightness temperatures of pulsars at radio frequencies imply that the radiation at these frequencies must be produced by some type of coherent emission mechanism. Chiu and Canuto (ref. 1 and unpublished work) have proposed that such emission is due to a modified bremsstrahlung mechanism which may take place in the very strong-magnetic fields expected to be associated with neutron stars. They have argued that oscillations of the neutron star may cause a population inversion of the radiating electrons, thus possibly giving rise to coherent radiation. The purpose of this communication is to point out that their modified bremsstrahlung mechanism cannot, for any electron distribution, lead to coherent radiation.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Lagrangian in field theory II. Direct analytic representations of tensorial field equations

By using a characterization of the concept of analytic representation and a variational approach to self-adjointness introduced in a preceding paper, we prove a theorem, according to which a necessary and sufficient condition for a class C2, regular, tensorial, quasi-linear system of field equations to admit an ordered direct analytic representation in terms of the Lagrange equations in a region R of its variables is that the system is self-adjoint in R. We point out as a first corollary that if the ordering requirement is removed from the definition of analytic representation, then the condition of self-adjointness of the field equations is only sufficient for the existence of a Lagrangian density. We then provide as a second corollary a methodology for the computation of the Lagrangian density for the representation of self-adjoint quasi-linear tensorial field equations. This methodology is also particularized for ordinary semilinear systems of tensorial field equations through a third corollary. The above results are interpreted from the viewpoint of interactions. We first recover, through a fourth corollary, the conventional structure of the total Lagrangian density LTot = Σ1 anLFree(a) + LInt for the semilinear form of the field equations, and then introduce through a fifth corollary a generalized structure of the type LTot = Σ1 anLInt, I(a)LFree(a) + LInt.II for t representations of the field equations in the quasi-linear form. Therefore, our analysis seems to indicate that a general form of representing interacting fields is characterized by (n+1)-interaction terms in the Lagrangian: n multiplicative terms and one additive term to the Lagrangian for the free fields.
Protein enrichment of treated and untreated leached beet cosette

Leached beet cosette is a plentiful residue of the sugar beet industry in Chile currently used as a low-grade feedstock for ruminants. Results are presented on the fermentation of the untreated and acid pretreated residue with the cellulolytic fungusTrichoderma reesei. Substrate yield and productivity are evaluated and compared for the two processes. Product quality is assesed with the aim of formulating a protein-enriched feedstock for monogastric animals.
The Effect of Moisture Addition with a Mold Inhibitor on Pellet Quality, Feed Manufacture, and Broiler Performance

SUMMARY Three different inclusion levels of a moisture-mold inhibitor mixture (0, 1, and 2%) were added to corn- and soybean-based diets at the mixer as top-dressing additions, and diets were processed at a commercial and a pilot milling facility. Diets were then evaluated according to feed manufacturing variables, pellet quality, broiler performance, and TMEn. Moisturemold inhibitor additions resulted in an increase in moisture percentages directly after manufacture. After a 2-d storage period, no differences in moisture percentage were detected in diets manufactured at the pilot mill; however, this was not true for diets manufactured commercially. Pellet durability was increased with moisture-mold inhibitor inclusion for the feed processed at the commercial mill, but not for the feed processed at the pilot mill. Relative electrical energy use decreased numerically with increasing levels of moisture-mold inhibitor added to feed processed at the pilot mill. The 1 and 2% diets manufactured commercially resulted in improvements in BW, live weight gain, and FCR, but not the diets manufactured at the pilot mill. There were no differences in TMEn values among treatments, regardless of the manufacturing location. These findings indicate that moisture-mold inhibitor addition has the potential to improve broiler performance and decrease production costs, but improvement depends on the milling technique.
Numerical analysis of turbulent end-wall boundary layers of intense vortices

After a careful consideration of the laws of generation, advection, diffusion and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy proposed by Prandtl (1945) and Emmons (1954), equations of motion and turbulent kinetic energy for the vortex flow near a solid end wall are established. These equations are then evaluated by a numerical procedure. Care is taken to specify boundary conditions such that satisfactory matching of the solution with the main vortex is assured. The agreement between the predicted mean velocity distribution and the experimental data is remarkably good. In addition, several interesting characteristics are predicted by the theory: (i) the vertical distribution of horizontal velocity is oscillatory in the inner region, whilst it is of the ordinary boundary-layer type in the outer region; (ii) the maximum velocity in the boundary layer can exceed that in the main vortex by a considerable amount and (iii) the minimum pressure of the vortex does not occur in the vortex-core root as has been generally believed.
Blastomycosis of the Esophagus Presenting With Gastrointestinal Bleeding

A patient with abdominal discomfort and hematemesis was found to have lower esophageal inflammation on endoscopy. A biopsy specimen from this area showed yeast forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate and granuloma formation. Extensive evaluation showed no other bleeding site. Sputum samples obtained earlier also showed B. dermatitidis. Treatment with amphotericin B led to resolution of bleeding and eradication of the fungus on repeat biopsy and sputum samples. An esophageal stricture subsequently developed and required dilation. Seven previously reported cases of esophageal blastomycosis are reviewed.
Haptic tele-driving of a wheeled mobile robot over the Internet: A PSPM approach

We extend recently proposed passive set-position modulation (PSPM) framework for the wheeled mobile robots (WMR) tele-driving over the Internet with varying-delay and packet-loss. We consider both the dynamic and kinematic WMRs in various tele-driving modes. Passivity and/or stability of the closed-loop system are shown along with some theoretical performance measures. Experimental results are also given to show the efficacy of the proposed frameworks.
Significance of Hematuria in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractPurpose: We determined the importance of hematuria in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Materials and Methods: The records of 1,326 HIV infected patients with yearly evaluations were reviewed for hematuria and evaluation results. Mean followup was 2.1 years.Results: A total of 331 patients (25.0 percent) had 1 episode of hematuria and 67 were evaluated with 5 significant diagnoses made. Management was affected in only 3 of these patients. No occult genitourinary tumors were found.Conclusions: In young, asymptomatic, HIV infected patients with microscopic hematuria a urological evaluation can be safely omitted in the presence of normal renal function and a benign urological history.
Can user-level protocols take advantage of multi-CPU NICs?

User-level protocols and their implementations on programmable network interface cards (NICs) have been alleviating the communication bottleneck for high speed interconnects. Most of the user-level protocols developed so far have been based on single-CPU NICs. One of the more popular current generation Gigabit Ethernet NICs includes two CPUs, though. This raises an open challenge whether performance of user-level protocols can be improved by taking advantage of a multi-CPU NIC. In this paper, we anal the intrinsic issues associated with such a challenge and explore different parallelization and pipelining schemes to enhance the performance of our earlier developed EMP protocol for single-CPU Alteon NICs. Performance evaluation results indicate that parallelizing the receive path of the protocol can deliver 964 Mbps of bandwidth, close to the maximum achievable on Gigabit Ethernet. This scheme also delivers up to 8% improvement in latency for a range of message sizes. Parallelizing the send path leads to 17% improvement in bidirectional bandwidth.
Localization of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activity in the Guinea Pig Cochlea Suggests Involvement in Regulation of Blood Flow and Supporting Cell Physiology

Although the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway has many important roles in biology, studies of this system in the mammalian cochlea have focused on the first enzyme in the pathway, nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, characterization of the NO receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), is crucial to determine the cells targeted by NO and to develop rational hypotheses of the function of this pathway in auditory processing. In this study we characterized guinea pig cochlear sGC by determining its enzymatic activity and cellular localization. In cytosolic fractions of auditory nerve, lateral wall tissues, and cochlear neuroepithelium, addition of NO donors resulted in three- to 15-fold increases in cGMP formation. NO-stimulated sGC activity was not detected in particulate fractions. We also localized cochlear sGC activity through immunocytochemical detection of NO-stimulated cGMP. sGC activity was detected in Hensen's and Deiters' cells of the organ of Corti, as well as in vascular pericytes surrounding small capillaries in the lateral wall tissues and sensory neuroepithelium. sGC activity was not observed in sensory cells. Using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, NOS was localized to pillar cells and nerve fibers underlying hair cells. These results indicate that the NO/cGMP pathway may influence diverse elements of the auditory system, including cochlear blood flow and supporting cell physiology.
Silicon substrates with buried distributed Bragg reflectors for resonant cavity-enhanced optoelectronics

We report on a commercially reproducible silicon wafer with a high-reflectance buried distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The substrate consists of a two-period DBR fabricated using a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The buried DBR provides a 90% reflecting surface. We have fabricated resonant cavity-enhanced Si photodetectors with 40% quantum efficiency at 860 nm and a full-width at half-maximum of 29 ps suitable for 10 Gbps data communications. We have also implemented double-SOI substrates with 90% reflectivity covering 1300 and 1550 nm for use in Si-based optoelectronics.
The absorption of hydrogen by binary vanadium-chromium alloys

Abstract The thermodynamic parameters of the solution of hydrogen in binary vanadium-chromium alloys (to 20 at. % Cr) have been determined. The partial molar enthalpy at infinite dilution increases with increasing Cr content (values range from −7615 cal/H in pure vanadium to −5891 cal/H in V/19.96 at. % Cr). The partial molar entropy of solution is unaffected by the presence of Cr. It is suggested that this behavior indicates that Cr atoms do not block potentially available interstitial sites for occupation by hydrogen. The apparent H-H interaction is diminished by the presence of Cr. The stability of the dihydride is decreased by Cr additions, to the point that V/19.96 at. % Cr does not form a dihydride (−78°C, 68 atm). X-ray data indicate that the structural characteristics of the alloy hydrides are similar to those observed in vanadium/hydrogen.
Potent pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors of MMP-13 with enhanced selectivity over MMP-14

Abstract Through the use of computational modeling, a series of pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors of MMP-13 was designed based on a lead inhibitor identified through file screening. Incorporation of a biaryl ether moiety at the C-5 position of the pyrimidinetrione ring resulted in a dramatic enhancement of MMP-13 potency. Protein crystallography revealed that this moiety binds in the S1′ pocket of the enzyme. Optimization of the C-4 substituent of the terminal aromatic ring led to incorporation of selectivity versus MMP-14 (MT-1 MMP). Structure activity relationships of the biaryl ether substituent are presented as is pharmacokinetic data for a compound that meets our in vitro potency and selectivity goals.
Autologous fat augmentation for addressing facial volume loss.

Fat transplantation has been the subject of much interest and great debate over the years. As we begin to analyze the long-term results of traditional ‘‘lifting’’ procedures such as face-lifts, eye-lifts, and brow-lifts, we realize that we have achieved a ‘‘tighter’’ and ‘‘lifted’’ appearance for our patients without truly achieving a rejuvenated look. Dr. Sam Hamra [1] elegantly shows this concept of lifting without achieving rejuvenation in a study in which he critically evaluated the long-term results of his deepplane rhytidectomy. He found that he was able to achieve short-term improvement of the nasolabial fold but that after a few years, this result diminished considerably. At the same time, the deep-plane facelift failed to achieve rejuvenation of the midface/ periorbital region as would have been evidenced by a shortened vertical height of the periorbital region. Although these findings may not become evident until years after a procedure, if a surgeon fails to critically analyze his/her results, then these findings may not make it into the scientific literature.
Effects of white roofs on urban temperature in a global climate model

(c) American Geophysical Union. This article can be found on the publisher's website at http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL042194
TRANSIENT MAGMATIC CONVECTION PROLONGED BY SOLIDIFICATION

Fluid dynamic experiments have been conducted on the solidification of a paraffin layer, in order to elucidate the transient stage of convection created in cooling magma by the fact that strong changes in viscosity with crystallization lock up within an inwardly propagating crust much buoyancy that would otherwise be available to drive convection. The interior of the magma remains isothermal, and the temperature decreases uniformly until it is locked at the convective liquidus; the crystals are fine hairlike dendrites without major compositional differentiations. Measurements over time are presented of crust thickness, convective velocity, and heat transfer.
Three-Dimensional mRNA Measurements Reveal Minimal Regional Heterogeneity in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The classic tumor clonal evolution theory postulates that cancers change over time to produce unique molecular subclones within a parent neoplasm, presumably including regional differences in gene expression. More recently, however, this notion has been challenged by studies showing that tumors maintain a relatively stable transcript profile. To examine these competing hypotheses, we microdissected discrete subregions containing approximately 3000 to 8000 cells (500 to 1500 μm in diameter) from ex vivo esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens and analyzed transcriptomes throughout three-dimensional tumor space. Overall mRNA profiles were highly similar in all 59 intratumor comparisons, in distinct contrast to the markedly different global expression patterns observed in other dissected cell populations. For example, normal esophageal basal cells contained 1918 and 624 differentially expressed genes at a greater than twofold level (95% confidence level of <5% false positives), compared with normal differentiated esophageal cells and ESCC, respectively. In contrast, intratumor regions had only zero to four gene changes at a greater than twofold level, with most tumor comparisons showing none. The present data indicate that, when analyzed using a standard array-based method at this level of histological resolution, ESCC contains little regional mRNA heterogeneity.
Measure Locally, Reason Globally: Occlusion-sensitive Articulated Pose Estimation

Part-based tree-structured models have been widely used for 2D articulated human pose-estimation. These approaches admit efficient inference algorithms while capturing the important kinematic constraints of the human body as a graphical model. These methods often fail however when multiple body parts fit the same image region resulting in global pose estimates that poorly explain the overall image evidence. Attempts to solve this problem have focused on the use of strong prior models that are limited to learned activities such as walking. We argue that the problem actually lies with the image observations and not with the prior. In particular, image evidence for each body part is estimated independently of other parts without regard to self-occlusion. To address this we introduce occlusion-sensitive local likelihoods that approximate the global image likelihood using per-pixel hidden binary variables that encode the occlusion relationships between parts. This occlusion reasoning introduces interactions between non-adjacent body parts creating loops in the underlying graphical model. We deal with this using an extension of an approximate belief propagation algorithm (PAMPAS). The algorithm recovers the real-valued 2D pose of the body in the presence of occlusions, does not require strong priors over body pose and does a quantitatively better job of explaining image evidence than previous methods.
‘One‐Man Handled’: Fragmented Power and Political Entrepreneurship in Globalizing Mumbai

This article considers the fractured nature of state power in contemporary Mumbai.Based on a case study of the ongoing Dharavi Redevelopment Project, a 2-billion USdollar initiative to redevelop Mumbai’s most infamous ‘slum’ settlement as a mixed-use,mixed-income township, it details the new state strategies emerging to support urbandevelopment efforts in India today. Identifying the structural weaknesses that havetraditionally hindered development planning in Mumbai, it describes how a privatedeveloper, acting as a political entrepreneur, has worked to consolidate the authority andresources necessary to overcome these institutional gaps and structural weaknesses.Situating the analysis in theories of state restructuring, this case sheds light on how thelocal Indian state is responding to the pressures associated with neoliberal globalizationand competitive urbanism. While a growing literature in this area has offered importantinsights into emerging configurations of power, it remains overly focused on the role ofNGOs in these efforts, failing to provide an adequate analysis of alliances between thestate and other private actors. This article attempts to address this gap with an in-depthexamination of the political entrepreneur as a site of institutionalized, but ultimatelyincomplete, power in globalizing Mumbai.
Anticipatory postural control following fatigue of postural and focal muscles.

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of fatigue of postural and focal muscles on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). Methods Nine healthy adults performed rapid bilateral arm raising movements before and after isometric hamstring (postural) and deltoid (focal/prime mover) muscle fatigue. Muscle force and peak acceleration of the arm movements were recorded to assess the presence of fatigue. Ground reaction forces, EMG activity of trunk and leg muscles and center of pressure (COP) displacements were recorded and quantified within the time intervals typical of APAs. Results Early APA onset was seen in erector spinae and semitendinosus muscles post-deltoid fatigue. Anticipatory EMG integrals were reduced in the semitendinosus muscle post-hamstring fatigue, and were increased in the gastrocnemius muscle post-deltoid fatigue. No changes in COP displacement were observed following fatigue of both muscle groups. Conclusion A common pattern of APA adaptations seen following fatigue of either muscle groups along with no changes observed in COP displacements emphasizes the efficiency of the CNS in maintaining dynamic postural stability in the presence of fatigue. Significance The outcome of the study is important for better understanding of the effect of muscular fatigue on feedforward mechanisms of postural control with possible implications for the elderly and individuals with neurological disorders.
MLBCD: a machine learning tool for big clinical data

Predictive modeling is fundamental for extracting value from large clinical data sets, or “big clinical data,” advancing clinical research, and improving healthcare. Machine learning is a powerful approach to predictive modeling. Two factors make machine learning challenging for healthcare researchers. First, before training a machine learning model, the values of one or more model parameters called hyper-parameters must typically be specified. Due to their inexperience with machine learning, it is hard for healthcare researchers to choose an appropriate algorithm and hyper-parameter values. Second, many clinical data are stored in a special format. These data must be iteratively transformed into the relational table format before conducting predictive modeling. This transformation is time-consuming and requires computing expertise. This paper presents our vision for and design of MLBCD (Machine Learning for Big Clinical Data), a new software system aiming to address these challenges and facilitate building machine learning predictive models using big clinical data. The paper describes MLBCD’s design in detail. By making machine learning accessible to healthcare researchers, MLBCD will open the use of big clinical data and increase the ability to foster biomedical discovery and improve care.
A mechanism for patchy reconnection at the dayside magnetopause

In this paper, the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) and tearing instabilities at the dayside magnetopause are examined. It is found from simulations that the development of the KH instability modulates the current sheet, creating separated pinched regions. The growth rate of the tearing instability is enhanced in these pinched regions and diminished in the regions separating them. Based on these findings, we propose that a possible mechanism for patchy reconnection at the dayside magnetopause is the development of the KH instability.
The Link between Clay Mineral Weathering and the Stabilization of Ni Surface Precipitates

The formation of transition-metal surface precipitates may occur during sorption to clay minerals under ambient soil conditions. This process may lead to significant long-term stabilization of the metal within the soil profile. However, the rates and mechanisms controlling surface precipitate formation are poorly understood. We monitored changes in the reversibility of Ni sorbed to a clay mineral, pyrophyllite, in model batch experiments maintained at pH 7.5 for up to 1 year. The macroscopic sorption and dissolution study was complemented by a time-resolved characterization of the sorbed phase via spectroscopic and thermal methods. We found that nickel became increasingly resistant, over time, to extraction with EDTA. Initially, the sorbed phase consisted of a Ni−Al layered double hydroxide (LDH). With time, the anionic species in the interlayer space of the LDH changed from nitrate to silica polymers transforming the LDH gradually into a precursor Ni−Al phyllosilicate. We believe that this phase transfor...
Dynamics and Control of Hose―Drogue Refueling Systems During Coupling

Dynamic analyses and control system design for aerial refueling hose―drogue systems during receiver―probe coupling are studied. When a receiver plane approaches to couple with a refueling drogue, the hose―drogue system to undergoes transient motion due to the receiver forebody aerodynamic effect in addition to the tanker motion and downwash, and atmospheric turbulence. As a receiver probe comes into contact with the drogue, loss of tension in the refueling hose may cause it to exhibit erratic motion without hose-tension control. In this paper, a previously developed hose―drogue dynamic model is extended to study 1) the receiver forebody aerodynamic effect on the drogue transient motion before coupling and possible active stabilization and control methods, and 2) the wave motion of the hose―drogue system due to the tension change in the hose upon the receiver coupling and possible hose-tension control methods.
Von Willebrand Factor Drives the Association Between Elevated Factor VIII and Poor Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose—Despite clear roles of factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in thrombosis, few studies have examined the relationship of these factors with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We sought to determine whether concurrent elevation in FVIII and vWF was associated with adverse events and outcomes. Methods—From our prospective stroke registry, patients consecutively admitted with AIS between July 2008 and October 2013 were included if both FVIII and vWF were measured during admission. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale score on discharge. Results—Among 1453 cases in our stroke registry, 148 patients with AIS met inclusion criteria; 62 patients (41.9%) had FVIII−/vWF−, 16 patients (10.8%) had FVIII+/vWF−, and 51 patients (34.5%) had FVIII+/vWF+. In the fully adjusted model, patients with FVIII+/vWF+ had increased odds of inpatient complications (odds ratio, 8.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.58–46.85; P=0.013) and neuroworsening (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval...
Second-messenger systems underlying amine and peptide actions on cardiac muscle in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus

The biochemical mechanisms by which octopamine, catecholamines and the peptide proctolin exert their actions on Limulus cardiac muscle were investigated. Amines produced long-lasting increases in the amplitude of contractions evoked by electrical stimulation. At 10(−5) mol l-1, the apparent order of potency for amine-induced increases in evoked contraction amplitude was dopamine approximately equal to octopamine greater than norepinephrine approximately equal to epinephrine. At this dose, amines produced long-lasting increases in the levels of cyclic AMP (octopamine greater than dopamine approximately equal to norepinephrine approximately equal to epinephrine), but not of cyclic GMP, in Limulus cardiac muscle. Like the amines, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin enhanced cardiac muscle contractility and increased levels of cyclic AMP, but not of cyclic GMP. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX produced a transient increase in cardiac muscle contractility, but typically produced long-lasting negative inotropy. This agent increased levels of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in Limulus cardiac muscle. Proctolin and the protein kinase C activator phorbol dB increased the contraction amplitude of the intact heart and the electrically stimulated myocardium. These compounds, as well as dopamine, elicited sustained contractures and rhythmic contractions when applied to deganglionated Limulus cardiac muscle rings. Unlike the amines, proctolin and phorbol dB did not increase cardiac muscle cyclic AMP levels. These results suggest that several second-messenger systems may be utilized by amines and peptides to produce excitatory actions on cardiac muscle fibers of the Limulus heart. Cyclic AMP appears to be an important second messenger underlying the effects of amines to enhance cardiac muscle contractility. Pharmacological data suggest that proctolin may alter cardiac muscle contractility and excitability by a mechanism which involves the phosphatidylinositol pathway. Dopamine, unlike the other amines, produces a number of proctolin-like effects and may activate both the cyclic AMP and the phosphatidylinositol systems in Limulus cardiac muscle.
Porous and high surface area silicon oxycarbide-based materials—A review

Abstract Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)-based materials are a class of polymer-derived ceramics that enables the formation of a homogeneous structure at the molecular level starting from polymer precursors. In this system, oxygen and carbon atoms share bonds with silicon atoms in the amorphous network structure while elemental carbon, and possibly nanosized SiO 2 and SiC nanodomains may co-exist. Because of the flexibility of molecular level composition and microstructure designs, the systems can be made porous with high specific surface areas by changing the precursor compositions and the ceramization conditions. In this review, two strategies of creating porous SiOCs are discussed: conventional approach of using fugitive fillers, as well as pore formation and selective removal of certain SiOC matrix compositions (such as carbon, SiO 2 , or SiC) at the molecular level. For the former, it includes ceramic replication of an organic template, direct foaming, and sacrificial pore formers. For the latter, it includes molecular level pore formation, molecular level species removal, and SiOC porous network creation through molecular templates. Direct pore formation can be achieved by changing processing conditions, using different precursor architectures, and using different hydrosilylation agents. For SiOC porous network creation through molecular level species removal, it includes molecular level free carbon removal, molecular level SiO 2 nanocluster removal, and molecular level carbon removal from SiC (and possibly BC x for SiOBC). To understand single nanometer (
Auditory Forebrain Organization

Studies conducted over the past five years have led (1) to a redefinition of the boundaries of auditory cortical fields in cats; (2) to a new understanding of the geometry and sources of input to given cortical fields; and (3) to a much more topographically refined definition of the destinations of projections originating in given auditory cortical fields. This new understanding of auditory thalamocortical and corticothalamic organization has been derived from unit mapping studies and from results of combined (anterograde and retrograde) tracer injections in a physiological-anatomical study during which injections of tracer materials were introduced at functionally defined auditory field sites.
Faults simulations for three-dimensional reservoir-geomechanical models with the extended finite element method

Abstract Faults are geological entities with thicknesses several orders of magnitude smaller than the grid blocks typically used to discretize reservoir and/or over-under-burden geological formations. Introducing faults in a complex reservoir and/or geomechanical mesh therefore poses significant meshing difficulties. In this paper, we consider the strong-coupling of solid displacement and fluid pressure in a three-dimensional poro-mechanical (reservoir-geomechanical) model. We introduce faults in the mesh without meshing them explicitly, by using the extended finite element method (X-FEM) in which the nodes whose basis function support intersects the fault are enriched within the framework of partition of unity. For the geomechanics, the fault is treated as an internal displacement discontinuity that allows slipping to occur using a Mohr–Coulomb type criterion. For the reservoir, the fault is either an internal fluid flow conduit that allows fluid flow in the fault as well as to enter/leave the fault or is a barrier to flow (sealing fault). For internal fluid flow conduits, the continuous fluid pressure approximation admits a discontinuity in its normal derivative across the fault, whereas for an impermeable fault, the pressure approximation is discontinuous across the fault. Equal-order displacement and pressure approximations are used. Two- and three-dimensional benchmark computations are presented to verify the accuracy of the approach, and simulations are presented that reveal the influence of the rate of loading on the activation of faults.
Risk Segmentation of American Homes

Home value risk is among the largest financial risks for American households, and the distribution of home value risk across homeowners has important policy implications. This paper empirically examines spatial variation in home value risk across 99 neighborhoods in metropolitan Denver. Four measurements of housing market performance between 2002:1 and 2007:4 - house price levels, average appreciation rates, temporal volatility in those rates and the sensitivity of neighborhood appreciation rates to the overall metropolitan housing market - are regressed on neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, including income, wealth, unemployment, poverty, etc. The regressions provide strong evidence that all four housing market performance measurements correlate significantly with neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. More affluent neighborhoods experienced significantly higher average appreciation rates, lower volatility and less sensitivity. This paper also finds that there is no positive relationship between risk and returns of home values across neighborhoods. In fact, neighborhoods with higher house price levels experienced higher average appreciation rates but lower volatility and less sensitivity. This paper concludes that homeownership is more risky and provides significantly lower financial benefits for low-income households.
Microheterogeneity of serum transferrin, haptoglobin and α2HS glycoprotein examined by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis

Most human serum proteins consistently appear as more than one spot when analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. We have characterized the “micro-patterns” corresponding to several of the principal proteins. Three minor forms of transferrin are observed (one larger than the predominant form and probably a precursor) and each shows carbohydrate heterogeneity similar to the main form. The haptoglobin β-chain exhibits stepwise heterogeneity in both pI (sialic acid variation) and SDS molecular weight (neutral sugar structure attachment), and is shown to give rise to a smaller, likewise heterogeneous product. The two frequent alleles of α2HS glycoprotein are shown to differ predominantly in sialic acid content rather than polypeptide charge, suggesting a sequence difference at a carbohydrate attachment site. All of the expected sources of microheterogeneity (sialic acid, proteolysis, allelism) are observed, plus an SDS molecular weight microheterogeneity probably due to variation in attachment of large neutral sugar structures.
Scalable Graphene Coatings for Enhanced Condensation Heat Transfer

Water vapor condensation is commonly observed in nature and routinely used as an effective means of transferring heat with dropwise condensation on nonwetting surfaces exhibiting heat transfer improvement compared to filmwise condensation on wetting surfaces. However, state-of-the-art techniques to promote dropwise condensation rely on functional hydrophobic coatings that either have challenges with chemical stability or are so thick that any potential heat transfer improvement is negated due to the added thermal resistance of the coating. In this work, we show the effectiveness of ultrathin scalable chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene coatings to promote dropwise condensation while offering robust chemical stability and maintaining low thermal resistance. Heat transfer enhancements of 4× were demonstrated compared to filmwise condensation, and the robustness of these CVD coatings was superior to typical hydrophobic monolayer coatings. Our results indicate that graphene is a promising surface coating ...
TCTAP C-159 Diagnostic Angiogram Gone Terribly Wrong

### Patient initials or identifier number 312342 ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam This is a 68 year old chronic smoker with underlying hyperlipidemia, gouty arthritis and hypertension. He had exertional chest pain, CCS class 2 for the last 2months. He also had dyspnea on exertion,
When solidarity doesn’t quite strike: the 1974 Hortonville, Wisconsin teachers’ strike and the rise of neoliberalism

ABSTRACTAs public-sector unions such as teachers’ unions used the boon of post-war liberalism to form their political power, they imported many of liberalism’s key contradictions: its formation of racial contracts, its misappraisal of affective labour, and its opportunistic collective action logics. This article suggests cracks within liberalism weakened the political power of teachers’ unions, disempowering a feminised workforce. Using a historical case study of teachers’ strike in rural Wisconsin in 1974, this article shows how the tenuous solidarity afforded by liberal accords made teachers’ unions more vulnerable to future neoliberal offensives on public education and its workers. The aftermath of the strike generated an opportunistic labour movement in which workers pursued their interests through legal provisions rather than by developing teachers’ broader community and labour solidarities, subverting feminist possibilities of teachers’ unions. This history suggests how teachers defend their rights ...
The Digital Medium and Its Message

At the time of his death in 1980, Marshall McLuhan was principally famous for two things: for having said, “The medium is the message” and for having deeply confused an entire generation by doing so. When I was growing up in Ontario in the 1980s, I remember watching a government-sponsored commemorative TV advertisement about McLuhan, part of a series of sixty-second celebrations of eminent Canadians. In the ad, an actor portrays a tweedy, mustachioed McLuhan leading a seminar at the University of Toronto. Suddenly he has his Eureka moment: “No, no…The medium is not more important than the message it carries.…It – it's obvious. The medium is the message.” Students leave the class, excited by the power of the gnomic phrase, yet also utterly perplexed by it. Back in the classroom, the fictionalized McLuhan paces about, ranting madly in solitude. Unable to fit his rambling theories into the minute allotted, the advertisement cuts him off mid-sentence. McLuhan had undoubtedly come up with something important, the advertisement implied – but exactly what it was remained entirely unclear. Today, McLuhan has come into focus. In part this is because the things he said about electronic media like radio and television turned out to be more applicable to digital media such as networked computers and smartphones. As Wired magazine recognized when it posthumously named McLuhan its “Patron Saint” in 1993, his theories only really began to make sense with the arrival of the internet. Since then, as the digital medium has extended further and further into our daily lives, we have come increasingly to feel the truth of McLuhan's statement, “The medium is the message.” So much of what we consume online is just the old media fed to us in new ways: Netflix is mostly made up of old TV shows and movies; YouTube is replete with MTV-style music videos and commercials; the most popular podcasts are radio shows. As McLuhan said, “The content of the medium is never the message because the content is always the old medium.” The real change comes from the new medium itself, which “creates a new situation for human association and human perception.”
Empirical Results on the Accuracy of Short-Term Forecasting Techniques

This study examined fourteen sales data series and reports the performance of short-term forecasting techniques, according to different accuracy measures. The results show that simple techniques perform better overall than sophisticated ones. Further it is demonstrated that the company under investigation could improve the total accuracy of its forecasts either by combining techniques or by using a wide range of them.
Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Adenocarcinomas of the Gastroesophageal Junction and Distal Esophagus: Notes on Technique.

Abstract In the last three decades, with the advancement of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery, minimally invasive approaches for benign and malignant diseases of the esophagus have been developed and more experience is starting to accumulate across the world. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has demonstrated acceptable lymph node retrieval, good postoperative outcomes, and low mortality. In this article, we review our preferred technique of MIE for adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction and distal esophagus.
MLE, Information, Ancillary Complement, and Conditional Inference with Illustrations

Fisher’s (Proceedings of Royal Society Series A 144, 285–307 1934, 1956) example remains a classic where the maximum likelihood estimator (T) was non-sufficient, had less than full information, but an ancillarity complement (S) helped in recovering the full information \(\mathcal {I}_{(T,S)}(\theta )\). In the absence of other readily accessible easy-to-grasp examples of similar nature, we begin with general calculations for useful information entities, both unconditional (\(\mathcal {I}_{T}(\theta )\)) and conditional (\(\mathcal {I}_{T\mid S}(\theta )\)). These have led us to propose a number of new illustrations in the spirit of the original example. Then, we introduce a multivariate data extension of the original example with an illustration. We wrap up this investigation with an example of a non-sufficient MLE T that has (i) the full Fisher information, and (ii) has an ancillary complement S.
Experiencing motivational conflict on social media in a crisis situation

This study examined the relationship between motivational conflict involving social media use and attitude formation in a brand crisis situation. An online experiment was conducted with 658 participants using a 2 (news-article valence: positive vs. negative)2 (situational cue valence: positive vs. negative) between-subjects design. During the experiment, participants loyal to Chick-fil-A (defense-motivated) were asked to communicate the brand through the brand's social networking sites (SNSs) while receiving a cue for the SNS audience's general unfavorable opinions on the crisis issue, the Chick-fil-A same-sex marriage controversy (impression-motivated). It was found that when motivational conflict was experienced (defense vs. impression), (1) individuals' brand attitudes were affected more by objective information such as a news article than by a cue for audience opinion and (2) their positive brand-related cognitions were countervailed by their impression-related cognitions. Overall, the findings suggest that it is not always desirable for a company to encourage customers to engage in SNS-facilitated interaction in a crisis situation. SNS users can experience a motivational conflict in a brand crisis situation.Users experiencing a conflict form brand attitudes based on objective information.Their positive brand-related cognitions are offset by impression-related cognitions.
Institutional Evils, Culpable Complicity, and Duties to Engage in Moral Repair

Apology is arguably the central act of the reparative work required after wrongdoing. The analysis by Claudia Card (1940–2015) of complicity in collectively perpetrated evils moves one to ask whether apology ought to be requested of persons culpably complicit in institutional evils. To better appreciate the benefits of and barriers to apologies offered by culpably complicit wrongdoers, this article examines doctors’ complicity in a practice that meets Card's definition of an evil, namely, the non-medically necessary, nonconsensual “normalizing” interventions performed on babies born with intersex anatomies. It argues that in this instance the complicity of doctors is culpable on Card's terms, and that their culpable complicity grounds rightful demands for them to apologize.
Theoretical Study of High Frequency Ultrasonic Wave Attenuation in Polycrystalline Materials

Three different regimes for scattering of ultrasonic waves in poly-crystalline materials exist, depending on the ratio of the mean grain size to the wavelength: (i) the low frequency (Rayleigh) region with scattering-induced attenuation proportional to the fourth power of the frequency and to the cube of the mean grain diameter, (ii) the medium frequency (stochastic) region with scattering proportional to the square of the frequency and to the mean grain diameter, and (iii) the high-frequency (geometric) region with scattering independent of frequency.