cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-year outcomes of a randomized trial of consumer case management

Abstract Using a pretest posttest experimental design, intensive case management service provided by a mental health consumer team of case managers based in a consumer self-help organization was compared to the services of a team of nonconsumer case managers based in a community mental health center. It was hypothesized that the clients assigned to a consumer team of case managers would have the same outcomes as clients assigned to a team of nonconsumer case managers with regard to behavioral symptomatology, a variety of clinical and social outcomes and quality of life for persons served. Ninety-one clients with serious and persistent mental illness were interviewed at baseline and after one year of service. Using a hierarchical block regression analysis for one year outcomes, it was found that these outcomes did significantly differ for the clients of the two teams. The differences lay in less satisfaction with mental health treatment and less contact with family members among clients served by consumer case managers.
Status and Bribery: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in South Korea

Social status, and the dynamics of social status, may be an important predictor of which firms engage in large-scale bribery, but prior theory is incomplete and prior empirical attempts to study th...
Emerging technology sustainability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine sustainability with an emphasis on China. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines previous research on sustainability and polymer chemistry to provide a better understanding of the importance of sustainability and technology in China. Findings – There are many different perspectives when it comes to sustainability and that multiple stakeholders need to be considered when examining sustainability. Originality/value – As the longest serving member of the American Chemical Society (ACS) accreditation committee and a Fellow of the ACS, the perspective on which this paper is based comes from over 1,000 publications and over 45 years of active research in the sciences and technology.
Control of ocular inflammation.

The causes of ocular inflammation are varied. The control of ocular inflammation includes both specific therapy directed toward the cause and nonspecific anti-inflammatory therapy. Nonspecific ocular anti-inflammatory treatment includes corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, atropine, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, and megestrol acetate. The indications, routes of administration, dosage, side effects, and contraindications of these drugs are discussed in this article.
Ground Versus Canopy Methods for the Study of Birds in Tropical Forest Canopies: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Abstract. Birds of the forest canopy are important components of tropical forest ecosystems, but difficulty of access or viewing into the canopy complicates their study. If ground methods are biased against canopy birds, as has been suggested, this bias could affect our understanding of forest ecology as well as biological monitoring and conservation practices. This study is the first to quantitatively compare results from ground- and canopy-based methods of censusing canopy birds. I used three methods to assess differences in ground-based and canopy-based methods for detecting forest birds in a 100-ha plot of lowland forest in northern Honduras: (1) point counts from the ground, (2) 22 repeat censuses from two canopy trees, and (3) single censuses from 22 canopy trees. I counted birds for a full annual cycle from April 2006 to April 2007 and recorded 157 species in over 4000 individual detections. Ground methods significantly underestimated species and familial richness as well as abundance of individual...
Steering the Universe

We discuss the present status of the Cauchy problem for Einstein's classical field theory of gravity.
Static and Dynamic Fracture Behavior of Oil Shale

The fracture toughness of a rich grade of oil shale (high kerogen content) was determined as a function of the loading rate and orientation of the crack with respect to the bedding planes. Several independent test methods were employed in order to attain a wide range of loading rates and to examine the effect of specimen size and configuration on the test resluts. The test methods used in this series of experiments include ASTM Test for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials (E 399 - 78a), the J-resistance curve method, the short rod method, and the instrumented Charpy impact test. The static tests were conducted at a nominal loading rate of 10/sup -2/ MPa. m/sup //one-half/sub s/ using each of the aforementioned first three methods. The dynamic tests were conducted at loading rates in the range of 10/degree/to 10/sup 4/ MPa . m/sup //one-half/sub s/ using both servo-controlled and impact loading of three-point bend specimens. The results from the various static test methods are in good agreement. However, there is a clear effect of both specimen size and crack orientation on the measured static fracture toughness. The results from the dynamic tests show some evidence of a rate effect onmore » fracture toughness as well as the same orientation dependence as the results from the static test, but no specimen size dependence was evident. 16 refs.« less
Rhythm learning with electronic simulation

The "Rock Band" rhythm video game is very popular and enjoyable way to simulate participation in an actual rock band. While this game includes guitar, vocal, and drum components, the focus of this study will be on the drumming aspect of this program. The purpose of this experiment and paper is to understand the psycho-motor skill learning and transfer of Rock Band drumming experience to real world drumming. Certainly simulation has been used by many organizations, for example flight simulators in the military, to lower total training costs. And clearly some experience is transferable, but how much? This is an experiment to quantify experience gain in a simulation environment as applied later to an actual task. We found that while the video display was required for finding the correct notes, the timing precession comes from the sound context, and while professional drumming has many subtle nuances that are not taught through game play, the basic psycho-motor skills of drum playing can be learned and transferred from this game to actual drums.
Laparoscopic approaches to gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an institutional review of 57 cases.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are uncommon gastric neoplasms, which are typically treated by surgical excision. During the past 10 years, our institution has gained experience in resecting these tumors by minimally invasive methods. The purpose of this study is to review our experience with laparoscopic resection, report our short-term outcomes, and offer our perspective on the technical nuances involved in handling these neoplasms. We retrospectively queried our prospectively maintained, institutional review board-approved database for all gastric GISTs resected from 2002 to 2012. We analyzed all cases that were resected via laparoscopy. Operative notes were reviewed for the technique employed. Data on tumor location, size, margin status, operative time, and blood loss were collected and analyzed. During the 10-year study period, 104 gastric GISTs were resected. Laparoscopy was attempted in 58 cases with only one conversion to an open procedure. Tumors were separated based on anatomic zones. Forty-seven tumors (82 %) were located on the body or fundus of the stomach (18 on the posterior wall and 29 on the anterior wall). Five GISTs (9 %) were located at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Five tumors (9 %) were located at the antrum. The mean tumor size was 3.8 cm with a mean estimated blood loss of 40 ml. We achieved R0 resection in 100 % of the cases. Most tumors (96 %) were amenable to wedge resection. Tumors at the extremes of the stomach required variations of technique to achieve resection. Intraoperative endoscopy was selectively utilized. As our experience with gastric GISTs has increased, laparoscopic resection has become our first-line treatment for most small- and moderate-sized tumors. By employing a structured approach to tumors along the entire stomach, laparoscopic resection of these tumors can be performed safely with adequate short-term results.
Uncertainty assessment and probabilistic change detection using terrestrial and airborne lidar

Change detection using remote sensing has become increasingly important for characterization of natural disasters. Pre- and post-event LiDAR data can be used to identify and quantify changes. The main challenge consists of producing reliable change maps that are robust to differences in collection conditions, free of processing artifacts, and that take into account various sources of uncertainty such as different point densities, different acquisition geometries, georeferencing errors and geometric discrepancies. We present a simple and fast technique that accounts for these sources of uncertainty, and enables the creation of statistically significant change detection maps. The technique makes use of Bayesian inference to estimate uncertainty maps from LiDAR point clouds. Incorporation of uncertainties enables a change detection that is robust to noise due to ranging, position and attitude errors, as well as "roughness" in vegetation scans. Validation of the method was done by use of small-scale models scanned with a terrestrial LiDAR in a laboratory setting. The method was then applied to two airborne collects of the Monterey Peninsula, California acquired in 2011 and 2012. These data have significantly different point densities (8 vs. 40 pts/m2) and some misregistration errors. An original point cloud registration technique was developed, first to correct systematic shifts due to GPS and INS errors, and second to help measure large-scale changes in a consistent manner. Sparse changes were detected and interpreted mostly as construction and natural landscape evolution.
Phenotypic Plasticity: Different Teeth for Different Feasts

A polyphenism in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus involves the development of different feeding structures in response to an environmental cue, providing a genetic model species for investigating ecologically relevant phenotypic plasticity.
Altered resting functional connectivity of expressive language regions after speed reading training

A goal of interventions designed to increase reading speed is to reduce the practice of articulating words in an individual's thoughts, or subvocalization. This practice may require redundant cognitive resources, slow reading speed, and detract from efficient transfer of written words to semantic understanding. It is unclear, however, whether exercises designed to promote faster reading speed generalize to cognitive function beyond the reading task itself. To investigate this possibility, we measured resting state functional connectivity in classical language regions before and after a course of cognitive exercise designed to increase reading speed in 9 healthy adolescent female volunteers. We found significantly decreased correlation between left Broca area and right Broca homologue and between right Broca homologue and right Wernicke homologue in the resting state after the training period compared to before training. Differences in functional connectivity after training to left Broca area showed a spatial distribution reflecting decreased correlation to memory-associated brain regions and increased correlation to auditory regions, which might be consistent with a hypothesis that such training may decrease subvocalization associated with semantic memory function during the resting state.
Pastoralism and Protected Area Management in Mongolia's Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park

The Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park was established in south central Mongolia in 1993 and is used by over 1100 families with pastoralism as their main means of livelihood. Research conducted in 1998–2000 to analyse grazing management problems identified a number of issues and concerns, including a significant increase in the number of herders and the size of the herd; variations in herd size reflecting differences in wealth; problems with marketing of livestock or livestock products; declining stock movements because of transportation costs and loss of water sources; and significant competition and conflicts for grazing areas. The socio-economic problems associated with Mongolia's transition to a market system, coupled with the expansion of protected areas, mean that herders have to adapt to both the current economic system and changes in land use. Although some aspects of the development of the park can be seen as a positive influence on maintaining pastoral livelihoods in this area, the national goal of protecting 30 per cent of the country, doubling the area of Mongolia currently under protected area status, could have negative effects on pastoral livelihoods, unless ministry officials, protected area administrators and pastoralists can work effectively to solve resource problems.
Synthesis and characterization of side-bound aryldiazo and end-bound nitrosyl complexes of nickel

Structural characterization of a nickel aryldiazo complex supported by the bulky 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane ligand reveals square-planar Ni geometry and an unusual side-on coordination mode for the N2R moiety, while the related nitrosyl complex displays trigonal-planar geometry at Ni and end-on coordination of the NO ligand.
Heat diffusion with time‐dependent convective boundary conditions

The heating (or cooling) of the rock adjacent to water flowing through a crevice is of interest in certain geothermal studies. For many purposes, only the rock temperature at the rock-water interface is needed. The fact that the convective heat transfer coefficient is a function of time in the case of unsteady flow takes this problem out of the strictly classical domain. Several methods of solution are described. An approach in which the heat equation is solved, under appropriate side conditions, by standard finite difference techniques is shown to be satisfactory but rather wasteful because much unneeded information concerning internal rock temperatures must be obtained. Several integral equations of Volterra type are derived that provide the temperature only at the interface. Two numerical approaches to their solution are described: one quite classical and only partially effective; the other an apparently new algorithm that is fast and efficient. Analytical upper and lower bounds on the temperature are obtained and serve to demonstrate that this numerical device is also very accurate. The algorithm is applicable to a wide class of Volterra integral equations of the second kind. A brief discussion of the possible future uses of this scheme and the need for additional research is given.
Relaxin as a New Hormone

RELAXIN was described as a hormone some 55 years ago but despite some persistent pioneering work, passed into relative obscurity for a long period of time. The present status of relaxin is such that it directly impinges on reproductive endocrinology and perhaps on those endocrinologists who appreciate that connective tissue metabolism is controlled by hormones and who wish to share in the task of refurbishing a hormone long left on the shelf. There is no question but that work on relaxin was at a low ebb for 40 years after its initial discovery by Frederick Hisaw in 1926. Certainly part of the resurgence of work on relaxin in the early 1970s is identified with initiatives of Dr. Steinetz, and there is now a sufficient body of knowledge to warrant its integration into general endocrinology. A documentation of the reasons for the neglect of relaxin would make an interesting exercise in the history of endocrinology but is outside the scope of this review. I mention my perceptions below because they may becom...
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN NEWBORNS OF MATERNAL PRETREATED CHORIOAMNIONITIS. † 1745

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN NEWBORNS OF MATERNAL PRETREATED CHORIOAMNIONITIS. † 1745
New Writing on the Buraku Issue

Kitaguchi Suehiro is a professor at Kinki University and a director of the Buraku Liberation and Human Rights Research Institute; Kado'oka Nobuhiko is a young Osaka-based freelance writer who used to be a journalist on the Kobe Shinbun. Not surprisingly, the two have very different approaches, but the contrasting pictures they paint of the Buraku issue in contemporary Japan produce interesting resonances. This is a subject that is still poorly understood--partly because it continues to be a topic difficult to broach within Japan and partly because it is difficult to find analogous situations in other parts of the world. English-language speakers familiar with the Buraku issue most likely learned of it from Japan's Invisible Race, an edited volume published by George DeVos and Hiroshi Wagatsuma in the mid-1960s. This continues to be the most comprehensive work concerning the Buraku Problem; various data presented illustrate how a rigid status system instituted during the Tokugawa period gave rise to an outcaste-like group of Japanese who continue to be targets of discrimination in areas such as employment, marriage, housing, living standards, etc. An Introduction to the Buraku Issue is the first book-length English-language work since Japan's Invisible Race attempting to provide a comprehensive investigation of the contemporary Buraku issue.1 It is actually an English translation of Kitaguchi's 1986 publication, Nyftmon Buraku
Position as a stimulus in verbal learning

Nine nonsense syllables were presented in four perceptual arrays-horizontal, vertical, and two diagonals. The method of paced anticipation was used with a red patch as the stimu­ lus and a nonsense syllable response. An analysis of vari­ ance showed significant differences between arrays, with the horizontal array showing the fewest errors, vertical and high­ left to low-right diagonal next, and the low-left to high-right diagonal showing the greatest number of errors. In each array the middle item had the fewest number of errors, indicating a strong and unexpected isolation phenomena due to the nature of the apparatus. Serial position effect (SPE) has recently been ex­ plained by Ebenholtz (1966) as the learningofa sensory or a conceptual position within a series. Previous studies have shown a bow-shaped error distribution using spatial position (Ebenholtz, 1963; Jensen, 1962b), line length, and different shades of grays (Ebenholtz, 1965). The present study expanded Ebenholtz' 1963 study, which had a single vertical array (V), by in­ cluding three additional arrays: a horizontal (H); high-left to low-right (HL-LR) diagonal array; and a low-left to high-right (LL-HR) diagonal array (see Fig. 1). The LL-HR diagonal was thought to be of particular interest because presumably one of two es­ tablished habits must be broken in order to "organize" this array. The tendency for left-right organization requires a bottom-top order. and the tendency for a top-bottom organization requires right-left order. Be­ cause the ways of viewing this array are in opposition, it was speculated that learning would be more difficult in this condition. Melilid A 28 x 22 in. white poster board with 1 x 5/8 in. apertures was used to present nine nonsense syllables in one of four arrays (Fig. 1). The LL-HR array is shown as it appeared at the beginning of the experiment. Unused openings were backed by stiff white paper of equal brightness to the poster board. The array in use had strips of stiff paper painted black appearing in all openings. E moved the strips one at a time in a random order, exposing a red patch for 3 sec., followed by the nonsense syllable for 2 sec., after which the black portion was again presented. Timing was done by a metronome with the inter-item interval being 1 sec., and the inter-list interval being 10 sec. When the red patch appeared, Sa anticipated the syl­ lable by writing it on either a horizontal or vertical response sheet. Previous responses were covered by requiring Sa to slide a blank white index card down or across their response sheets. A total of 11 trials
Significance of increased lung thallium-201 activity on serial cardiac images after dipyridamole treatment in coronary heart disease

Abstract Increased lung thallium-201 (TI-201) activity occurs in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) on initial postexercise images. To determine the significance of assessing lung TI-201 on serial imaging after dipyridamole therapy, initial and delayed (2 to 3 hours) TI-201 imaging was performed in 40 patients with CAD and 26 normal control subjects. Lung TI-201 activity was quantitated as a percentage of maximal myocardial activity for each imaging time (lung TI-201 index). The mean initial lung TI-201 activity was 42 ± 2% (± standard error of the mean) in 26 control subjects, 56 ± 2% in 25 patients with 2- or 3-vessel CAD (p
Sexual capital: an extension of Grossman’s concept of health capital

This essay extends Grossman's concept of health capital to the domain of sexual behavior. Two components of "sexual capital" are discussed, both pertaining to health. One is the person's assets that are effective in preventing contraction of sexually transmitted infections, such as habits in selecting sex partners and the social networks from which those partners are selected, and sexual practices including use of condoms. A second is the person's assets useful in achieving sexual intimacy, an element in positive health. Like other forms of human capital, these embedded assets are acquired through strategic choice and experience as well as inheritance.
THE CDK-ACTIVATING KINASE (CAK) : FROM YEAST TO MAMMALS

Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). The activity of cdks is tightly controlled by several mechanisms, including binding of subunits to cdks (cyclins and inhibitors), and phosphorylation events. This review focuses on the activating phosphorylation of cdks by an enzyme termed cdk-activating kinase (CAK). Two classes of CAKs have been identified monomeric Cak1p from budding yeast and the p40MO15(cdk7)/cyclin H/MAT1 complex from vertebrates. Cak1p is the physiological CAK in budding yeast and localizes to the cytoplasm. p40MO15(cdk7)/cyclin H/MAT1 localizes to the nucleus, is a subunit of the general transcription factor IIH and activates cdks as well as phosphorylates several components of the transcriptional machinery. Functions, substrate specificities, regulation, localization, effects on cdk structure and involvement in transcription are compared for Cak1p and p40MO15 (cdk7).
A genetic algorithm for distributed system topology design

Abstract A generalized solution approach based on Genetic Algorithm is developed for Network Topology Design in this paper. The problems solved here deal with optimizing those network parameters. that characterize the network reliability. These parameters are diameter, average distance and computer network reliability. The topologies are obtained by optimizing diameter, average distance or computer network reliability under different network constraints. The generalized approach proposed in the paper is also applicable to a wide range of other network design problems such as network expansion and file allocation. Various distributed topology design problems are solved to demonstrate the generality of solution approach. The solutions obtained from this approach are compared with the exhaustive search to validate the quality of solutions obtained.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Student Levels of Cognitive Functioning and the Teacher’s Classroom Behavior

AbstractThis investigation analyzed audio recordings of instructional groups for (a) Flanders’ categories of interaction, (b) levels of interpersonal functioning attained on Carkhuff’s scales of empathy, congruence, and positive regard, and (c) the levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy reached in student responses. Of the thirteen variables investigated, only the relationship between student level of cognitive functioning and positive regard yielded a significant (p < .001) biserial coefficient. This pattern of relationships remained constant when the data from the total group was separately analyzed by grade levels. The indication seems to be that a teacher’s increased positive regard for students is translated into classroom behavior which elicits higher levels of cognitive functioning from the students.
Green and blue fluorescing dinoflagellates in Bahamian waters

At three stations in Bahamas waters, in 1989, 15 to 30% of all the dinoflagellates >20µm diameter observed in near-surface waters fluoresced green under blue excitation light, 55 to 66% fluoresced red, and the remainder did not fluoresce at all. The abundance of these green-fluorescing dinoflagellates ranged from ca 5 to 10 cells l−1 at the study sites. Under UV excitation, however, the dinoflagellates had a blue to blue-green appearance. Almost all the blue-green fluorescing dinoflagellates appeared to be heterotrophic, except for one species,Phalacroma rapa Stein, which also contained red-fluorescing (under blue light) chlorophylla. The emission spectra from all species examined were of three basic types. Type 1 typically had two fluorescence emission peaks (ca 440 and ca 510 nm). Type 2 spectra possessed one sharp peak at 495 nm. Spectra belonging to Type 3 had a broad peak around 470 to 480 nm. The green fluorescence thus is likely caused by different substances in individual species. The attempt to reconstitute observed spectra with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and riboflavin 5′-phosphate (FMN) solutions was unsuccessful.
Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis

A case report and review of the world literature are presented to examine all the reported cases of cervical carcinoma manifesting as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis in order to better understand this rare condition. The clinical and pathologic features of this disease process are reviewed, as are potential treatment options. We present the first reported case of an immunocompromised patient with cervical carcinoma and pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis with a prospective diagnosis made by transbronchial biopsy. Given that this condition carries a uniformly fatal prognosis, unwanted therapy may result from a missed diagnosis. A prospective pathologic diagnosis by transbronchial biopsy may guide appropriate therapy in these patients.
Morphology, hydration, and proton transport in novel sulfonated polyimide–silica nanocomposites

A series of inorganic–organic nanocomposites containing sulfonated polyimides and silica particles were synthesized. Anhydride-terminated pre-polymers were prepared, followed by introduction of reactive silanes. Casting, curing, and acidification routines lead to nanocomposites with significantly different properties compared to parent sulfonated polyimides. The presence of silica was qualitatively confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and studied using solid-state 29Si NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis provided a more quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction. Electron microscopy, water vapor sorption, and impedance studies were conducted to understand how silica and ion content influences morphology and proton conductivity. Ion clusters were visible following Ag+ staining, and silica nanoparticles were imaged in unstained samples. Silica nanoparticles significantly reduce the solubility of prepared membranes, and promote membrane hydration. For nanocomposites prepared from high molecular weight pre-polymers, silica incorporation promotes conductivity at low relative humidity. However, for nanocomposites made from low molecular weight or high ionic content pre-polymers, silica dilutes the ion concentration and lowers proton conductivity.
Using Nanografting to Achieve Directed Assembly of de novo Designed Metalloproteins on Gold

Parallel three-helix bundle metalloproteins incorporating C-terminal thiol groups have been designed to orient vertically on a gold(111) surface. A small area of pre-assembled octadecanethiol was exchanged with the proteins under the action of an AFM tip. The resulting “nanografted” metalloprotein was imaged at low applied force. The measured height of the octadecanethiol monolayer was 2.2(1) nm and the mean height above this of the grafted metalloprotein layer was 3.1(4) nm. Thus the total height of the grafted metalloprotein is 5.3(4) nm. The predicted height of the vertically oriented metalloprotein is 5.2 nm. We take this as good evidence for spatial control of monolayer assembly of three-helix bundles with predictable orientation.
Further studies of the saturated methyl branched fatty acids ofVernix caseosa lipid

By the method of capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we have identified 35 monomethyl and 46 dimethyl branched acids in the saturated acids of vernix caseosa lipid with chain lengths ranging from C11 to C18. Many other mono-, di-, and trimethyl branched acids have been partially identified. All methyl branches were found to be on the even numbered C-atoms except for some terminal iso methyl groups. Three types of dimethyl branched acids were found: those with a terminal iso structure, those with a terminal anteiso structure, and those with neither iso nor anteiso structures. The 4-methyl branch predominated for all types of branched acids. Equivalent chain length data for di- and trimethyl branched acids were determined on a Pentasil (nonpolar) wall coated capillary column and checked by calculation from monomethyl branched acid data. Mass spectral identification was performed with and without the aid of a data system. A possible mode of formation of these acids is discussed.
Cardiac conduction defects in patients older than 60 years with aortic stenosis with and without mitral anular calcium

The prevalence of conduction defects was investigated in 51 patients older than 60 years with aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent aortic valve replacement. Thirty one of the 51 patients, (61%) had associated mitral anular calcium (MAC). The mean age and prevalence of coronary artery disease, systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus were similar in both groups. The prevalence of conduction defects (atrioventricular block, sinoatrial disease, bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock or intraventricular conduction defect) was 18 of 31 (58%) in patients with MAC and 5 of 20 (25%) in patients without MAC (p less than 0.025). We conclude that patients older than 60 years with AS have a high prevalence of MAC, and that the prevalence of conduction defects is higher in patients older than 60 years with combined AS and MAC than in patients with AS without MAC.
The Immune Response to a Transplanted Organ: An Overview

Organs transplanted between two members of the same species are rejected unless the donor and recipient are genetically indistinguishable (identical twins in the case of humans). Rejection is caused by the recipient ’ s immune response to foreign elements present on the transplanted organ. These elements are usually proteins that differ between the donor and recipient and are called “alloantigens.” The transplanted organ itself is referred to as the “allograft” and the immune response mounted against it as the “alloimmune response” or “alloimmunity.” The prefix “xeno,” on the other hand, is used to denote the transplantation of organs between members of different species, as in the terms xeno-antigens, xenografts, and xenotransplantation.
An Identity-Based Security System for User Privacy in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) can offer various services and benefits to users and thus deserves deployment effort. Attacking and misusing such network could cause destructive consequences. It is therefore necessary to integrate security requirements into the design of VANETs and defend VANET systems against misbehavior, in order to ensure correct and smooth operations of the network. In this paper, we propose a security system for VANETs to achieve privacy desired by vehicles and traceability required by law enforcement authorities, in addition to satisfying fundamental security requirements including authentication, nonrepudiation, message integrity, and confidentiality. Moreover, we propose a privacy-preserving defense technique for network authorities to handle misbehavior in VANET access, considering the challenge that privacy provides avenue for misbehavior. The proposed system employs an identity-based cryptosystem where certificates are not needed for authentication. We show the fulfillment and feasibility of our system with respect to the security goals and efficiency.
Use of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Culture Systems for Examining Biological Activity of Food Constituents

Microbial systems present a unique potential for biological monitoring of toxic constituents in foods and other materials, as well as the environment. As indicators of toxicity, they are comprehensive, rapid and reliable. They may also provide insight into the nature of the toxicity in question, for example mutagenic and genetic activities.
The impact of managerial skills on employee outcomes: a cross cultural study

Leaders with global skills are in demand by MNCs. Global management skills depend on the applicability of management practices across cultures. Using data from managers in 50 countries, this study examines the interaction effect of cultural values and managerial skills on two outcomes, employees' attitudes and workgroup effectiveness. Our results indicate that cultural values tend to have a greater effect when a manager is less skilled than when the manager is highly skilled. When the manager is highly skilled, the interaction effects of culture tend to disappear. The practical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
A controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adults

We are writing to comment on the publication entitled "Randomized controlled safety and efficacy trial of 2 vitamin A supplementation schedules in Tanzanian infants" by Idindili et al which was recently published in the Journal. We conducted a similar trial in Kintampo Ghana and our study and that by Idindili et al conducted in Tanzania were both funded by the World Health Organization in 2002. Both studies assessed the effectiveness of a new maternal and young infant vitamin A dosing regimen in which mothers and infants in the intervention arm were given 400 000 I vitamin A within 6 wk of delivery and their infants were given 50 000 I vitamin A at 6 10 and 14 wk of age as recommended in the Annecy Accords. Mothers and infants in the control arm were given the old regimen of 200 000 I vitamin A within 6 wk of delivery and their infants received 25 000 I vitamin A at 6 10 and 14 wk along with DPT (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus) immunizations. (excerpt)
Design Choices in Privatized Social-Security Systems: Learning from the Swedish Experience

In the 2000 U.S. Presidential campaign, George W. Bush advocated a partial privatization of the Social Security system. According to his plan, a portion of the payroll tax would be designated for individual savings accounts. At the same time as this issue was being debated in the United States, Sweden was in the process of launching a system that is very similar to President Bush’s proposal. Although Bush’s plan did not get much attention in the early years of his administration, the proposal may resurface either in the United States or in other countries. If so, important lessons can be learned from the Swedish experience. In particular, the Swedish plan adopted an interesting mix of design choices that can now be evaluated based on three years of post-implementation experience. Although there is a large literature in economics on the design of social-security systems, most of that literature is concerned with macroeconomic considerations such as funding. In contrast, there has been much less attention devoted to the details of how plans might be designed, in part because these details do not seem important from a standard economic perspective. In this paper, we reverse this usual pattern and focus our attention on the design aspects of the Swedish plan. We find that, although most of the design choices are those that might be approved by most economists, in some cases these choices produced undesirable consequences.
On Target: A Case of Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy

Case: A 16-month-old female presented to a referring emergency department with a 2-day history of a progressive rash and swelling that started on her right lower extremity and spread to her upper extremities, trunk, and face (Fig 1). The patient had recently been hospitalized at the referring hospital for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus and was being treated with amoxicillin for otitis media. Her mother had stopped the antibiotic 1 day before presentation after development of a rash and had given the patient diphenhydramine, with no improvement. The patient had a fever with the preceding illness but on admission to the emergency department was afebrile. She had received hepatitis B and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines at her 15-month well-child examination 3 weeks before the onset of the rash. The patient had 1 day of decreased oral intake and decreased urine output and a 2-day history of loose stools. Family history is significant for multiple maternal family members with reaction to penicillin causing hives and edema. At the referring hospital, intraosseous (IO) access was obtained after multiple attempts to place intravascular access were unsuccessful, secondary to diffuse body edema. In our emergency department, the medical team attempted to obtain intravascular access with ultrasound guidance; however, they were also unsuccessful because of the patient’s persistent edema. The patient received normal saline via the IO line in addition to oral acetaminophen and diphenhydramine. FIGURE 1 A 16-month-old female with rash and swelling. Physical examination revealed a fussy but consolable, well-nourished toddler with diffuse body edema, scratching at her arms and thighs. She was afebrile, tachycardic to 134 beats per minute, and hypertensive to 126/97 mm Hg. Erythematous annular lesions surrounded the patient's …
Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of Valence-Delocalized Diiron(II,III) Complexes Supported by Carboxylate-Only Bridging Ligands

The synthesis, molecular structures, and spectroscopic properties of a series of valence-delocalized diiron(II,III) complexes are described. One-electron oxidation of diiron(II) tetracarboxylate complexes afforded the compounds [Fe(2)(mu-O(2)CAr(Tol))(4)L(2)]X, where L = 4-(t)BuC(5)H(4)N (1b), C(5)H(5)N (2b), and THF (3b); X = PF(6)(-) (1b and 3b) and OTf(-) (2b). In 1b-3b, four mu-1,3 carboxylate ligands span relatively short Fe...Fe distances of 2.6633(11)-2.713(3) A. Intense (epsilon = 2700-3200 M(-1) cm(-1)) intervalence charge transfer bands were observed at 620-670 nm. EPR spectroscopy confirmed the S = (9)/(2) ground spin state of 1b-3b, the valence-delocalized nature of which was probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The electron delocalization between paramagnetic metal centers is described by double exchange, which, for the first time, is observed in diiron clusters having no single-atom bridging ligand(s).
PS1-5: Converting to ICD-10 Clarity Structures.

Background/Aims The transition to the ICD-10 code represents a huge undertaking for every Health Care Organization including Analytic teams. In Kaiser Northern California we have effectively engaged KP HealthConnect Application Coordinators, Business Partners, and Regional IT Leads to create and build ICD-10 impact awareness through education and leveraging our partner’s vast knowledge to identify critical areas of impact, issues, risks, assumptions and high level business objectives to support a successful transition to the ICD-10.
Human Upper Body Pose Estimation in Static Images

Estimating human pose in static images is challenging due to the high dimensional state space, presence of image clutter and ambiguities of image observations. We present an MCMC framework for estimating 3D human upper body pose. A generative model, comprising of the human articulated structure, shape and clothing models, is used to formulate likelihood measures for evaluating solution candidates. We adopt a data-driven proposal mechanism for searching the solution space efficiently. We introduce the use of proposal maps, which is an efficient way of implementing inference proposals derived from multiple types of image cues. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the technique is effective in estimating 3D body pose over a variety of images.
CHRISTIANITY AND POSSIBILITY: ON KEARNEY'S THE GOD WHO MAY BE

: This essay interprets and responds to Richard Kearney's metaphysics of possibility and hermeneutics of religion against the background of Nietzsche's proclamation of the death of God and the theodicy problem. Kearney's work is thus read as an interesting but ultimately problematic attempt to preserve or perhaps reinstate religious thought after the modern critique of idols. In addition, his positions are compared and contrasted with some of authors with whom he seems to be in limited agreement (for example, Plotinus, Hillesum) as well as some with whom he clearly breaks (for example, Girard, Solle).
Urinary Excretion of Ecgonine Methyl Ester, a Major Metabolite of Cocaine in Humans*

benzoylecgonine was also measured to show that these two metabolites account for most of the administered cocaine, and to compare directly the rates of benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester excretion. In this study, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester excretion in urine was measured after intravenous and intranasal administration of cocaine at 16, 32, 48, and 96 mg doses to healthy cocaine users. Ecgonine methyl ester and cocaine were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Benzoylecgonine was measured by immunoassay (EMIT) and liquid chromatography. Urinary ecgonine methyl ester accounted for 26 to 60% of the cocaine dose. Ecgonine methyl ester had an elimination halflife of 4.2 hr, compared with 5.1 hr for benzoylecgonine. These results indicate that ecgonine methyl ester accounts for most of the previously unidentified urinary metabolic products of cocaine. The time course of ecgonine methyl ester excretion is such that its detection can substitute for benzoylecgonine detection as a marker of cocaine use.
Cardiac amyloidosis presenting with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

### Learning Point for Clinicians We strongly recommend that when patients present with recurrent atrial fibrillation, despite medical and ablation therapy, low voltage on electrocardiogram and left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram, restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially amylodosis, which is known as the most common cause of RCM in USA. Amyloidosis is a rare disease with an incidence of approximately 6–10 cases per million person years.1 It is defined as tissue deposition of fibrils consisting of different types and weight of normal serum proteins’ subunits. Amyloidosis disease can involve different organs depending on the subtype. Amyloidosis frequently …
WHO "THEY" ARE MATTERS: Immigrant Stereotypes and Assessments of the Impact of Immigration

We investigate the relationship between stereotypes of immigrants and assessments of the impact of immigration on U.S. society. Our analysis exploits a split-ballot survey of registered voters in Ohio, who were asked to evaluate both the characteristics of one of four randomly assigned immigrant groups and perceived impacts of immigration. We find that associations between impact assessments and stereotypes of Middle Eastern, Asian, and European immigrants are weak and fully attenuated by control covariates. By contrast, this relationship for Latin American immigrants is strong and robust to controls, particularly in the areas of unemployment, schools, and crime. Our findings suggest that public views of the impacts of immigration are strongly connected to beliefs about the traits of Latin American immigrants in particular.
Foundations for level crossing analysis of handoff algorithms

An analytic model has recently been presented for evaluating the effect of averaging and hysteresis on handoff algorithms in cellular radio networks. For the case of a mobile moving from one base station to another, the results obtained using the Poisson model showed a certain bias with respect to simulations which was not numerically significant for the situation under consideration. The authors analyze in depth the causes of the bias and discuss the applicability of the Poisson model under various conditions. Though the Poisson model works well near the cell boundaries where most of the handoffs occur, there can be areas where it does not apply. An alternative technique based on large excursions of Gaussian processes is presented for computing handoff algorithm characteristics in these regions. >
Measurements of radiative properties of cellular ceramics at high temperatures

The extinction coefficient and the single scattering albedo of selected cellular (reticulated) ceramics that are candidates for use in radiant burners were determined in the 1200-1400 K temperature range. Total radiation intensities leaving layers of the reticulated material heated to steady state in a tube furnace with two different boundary conditions were measured. An inverse radiation approach involving the two-flux approximation using a gray, isotropically scattering model was used to obtain the radiative properties from the measured intensities. Above an optical thickness of unity, this procedure was not sufficiently sensitive to yield the extinction coefficient. For such cases, the extinction coefficient was estimated from the geometric optics limit. The single scattering albedos varied from 0.68 to 0.88 with an uncertainty of ±7%, whereas the extinction coefficients varied from 81 to 270 m"1 with an uncertainty of ±11%, depending on the number of pores per centimeter and the sample material. In the range of temperature investigation the variations in the radiation properties were not significant. Nomenclature b = backscattering fraction d = pore diameter, m / = forward scattering fraction fv = solid volume fraction / = intensity, W/m2-sr
Robust control Lyapunov functions: the measurement feedback case

We extend the concept of a robust control Lyapunov function (RCLF) for nonlinear systems to the case of measurement feedback. We explore conditions under which the existence of an RCLF is sufficient and/or necessary for robust global stabilizability via continuous static or dynamic measurement feedback. >
The RCSB Protein Data Bank: new resources for research and education

The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) develops tools and resources that provide a structural view of biology for research and education. The RCSB PDB web site (http://www.rcsb.org) uses the curated 3D macromolecular data contained in the PDB archive to offer unique methods to access, report and visualize data. Recent activities have focused on improving methods for simple and complex searches of PDB data, creating specialized access to chemical component data and providing domain-based structural alignments. New educational resources are offered at the PDB-101 educational view of the main web site such as Author Profiles that display a researcher’s PDB entries in a timeline. To promote different kinds of access to the RCSB PDB, Web Services have been expanded, and an RCSB PDB Mobile application for the iPhone/iPad has been released. These improvements enable new opportunities for analyzing and understanding structure data.
The Computer: Ruin of Science and Threat to Mankind (1980/1982)

This essay is designed to be read by an intelligent layman: one who is expert neither in computing nor in mathematics but is competent in some other science such as chemistry or one of the biologies.