cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feminism in Psychology: Revolution or Evolution?

This article discusses the major contributions of feminism to the discipline of psychology in the areas of theory, research, and practice. Among the most important of these innovations are the introduction of the psychology of girls and women as legitimate topics of study; naming and exploring important issues in the lives of women; reconstructing research methods and priorities to study women in the context of their lived experiences; integrating multiple diversities into all areas of the discipline; developing innovative approaches to therapeutic practice; transforming institutions toward being more inclusive and collaborative; and advocating for social action and public policies that benefit the health and well-being of both women and men. Although feminist scholarship and practice have permeated substantive areas of the discipline in both subtle and visible ways, many sectors of psychology remain wary of perspectives that are openly feminist. Feminist psychology remains active, however, and will conti...
New oligodendrocytes are generated after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rodents.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) white matter injury is a major contributor to chronic neurological dysfunction. Immature oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are highly vulnerable to HI injury. As little is known about in vivo OLG repair mechanisms in neonates, we studied whether new OLGs are generated after HI injury in P7 rats. Rats received daily BrdU injections at P12–14 or P21–22 and sacrificed at P14 to study the level of cell proliferation or at P35 to permit dividing OLG precursors to differentiate. In P14 HI-injured animals, the number of BrdU+ cells in the injured hemisphere is consistently greater than controls. At P35, sections were double-labeled for BrdU and markers for OLGs, astrocytes, and microglia. Double-labeled BrdU+/myelin basic protein+ and BrdU+/carbonic anhydrase+ OLGs are abundant in the injured striatum, corpus callosum, and the infarct core. Quantitative studies show four times as many OLGs are generated from P21–35 in HI corpora callosa than controls. Surprisingly, the infarct core contains many newly generated OLGs in addition to hypertrophied astrocytes and activated microglia. These glia and non-CNS cells may stimulate OLG progenitor proliferation or induce their migration. At P35, astrogliosis and microgliosis are dramatic ipsilaterally but only a few microglia and some astrocytes are BrdU+. This finding indicates microglial and astrocytic hyperplasia occurs shortly after HI but before the P21 BrdU injections. Although the neonatal brain undergoes massive cell death and atrophy the first week after injury, it retains the potential to generate new OLGs up to 4 weeks after injury within and surrounding the infarct. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Method of Evaluation for Insider Threat

Due to cyber security is an important issue of the cloud computing. Insider threat becomes more and more important for cyber security, it is also much more complex issue. But till now, there is no equivalent to a vulnerability scanner for insider threat. We survey and discuss the history of research on insider threat analysis to know system dynamics is the best method to mitigate insider threat from people, process, and technology. In the paper, we present a system dynamics method to model insider threat. We suggest some concludes for future research who are interested in insider threat issue The study.
Quisqualate Injection into the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Produces Seizure-Related Brain Damage That Is Prevented by MK-801

Quisqualate (Quis) and other excitotoxins such as ibotenate and N-methyl aspartate, have been used to destroy neurons in the area of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in order to study the relationship between loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and various behavioral deficits, including learning and memory impairments. The results of several studies suggest that although Quis NBM lesions may produce greater depletions in cortical choline acetyltransferase levels than ibotenate lesions, the learning/memory deficits tend to be milder following Quis lesions. In these studies, it was often assumed that the lesions induced by Quis were restricted to the local vicinity of the injection. However, in the present study, we found that an injection of Quis into the NBM/substantia inominata (SI) region often induces limbic seizures and disseminated brain damage. Specifically, we found that an injection of Quis into the NBM/SI area of female rats at a dose (120 nmol) used by others in previous behavioral studies produced massive damage in areas distant from the lesion site, particularly in the amygdala and piriform cortex. This disseminated damage occurred in 50% of the rats treated with Quis, was typically more severe than damage at the injection site, and was often accompanied by equally severe "mirror" lesions in the contralateral amygdala and piriform cortex. Injecting rats with MK-801 (1 mg/kg) 30 min before the Quis injection protected against the disseminated damage. These data underscore the need for careful histological evaluation of excitotoxic lesions and for caution in interpreting the relationship between altered transmitter markers and learning/memory impairment seen following these lesions.
GROUNDING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN RESOURCE-ADVANTAGE THEORY*

A key issue for strategic supply chain management research is whether purchasing can be a source of long-term competitive advantage. Recent resource-based works in strategic management suggest that purchasing cannot be a source of long-term competitive advantage. In contrast, recent works in supply chain management suggest that purchasing can be such a source. This article explains why works in strategic management and supply chain management come to such radically different conclusions on purchasing strategy. Specifically, this article points out that the negative conclusion concerning purchasing strategy is derived from theories of competition based on the neoclassical, equilibrium economics research tradition. Therefore, the positive case for strategic purchasing needs to be grounded in a research tradition that provides a clean break from the neoclassical, equilibrium economics research tradition. The authors discuss the characteristics of what has come to be labeled “the resource-advantage research tradition” and offer it as an appropriate grounding for purchasing strategy, in particular, and supply chain management, in general.
A posteriori error estimation for the Lax-Wendroff finite difference scheme

In many application domains, the preferred approaches to the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations such as conservation laws are formulated as finite difference schemes. While finite difference schemes are amenable to physical interpretation, one disadvantage of finite difference formulations is that it is relatively difficult to derive the so-called goal oriented a posteriori error estimates. A posteriori error estimates provide a computational approach to numerically compute accurate estimates in the error in specified quantities computed from a numerical solution. Widely used for finite element approximations, a posteriori error estimates yield substantial benefits in terms of quantifying reliability of numerical simulations and efficient adaptive error control.The chief difficulties in formulating a posteriori error estimates for finite difference schemes is introducing a variational formulation-and the associated adjoint problem-and a systematic definition of residual errors. In this paper, we approach this problem by first deriving an equivalency between a finite element method and the Lax-Wendroff finite volume method. We then obtain an adjoint based error representation formula for solutions obtained with this method. Results from linear and nonlinear viscous conservation laws are given. Formulation of the Lax-Wendroff difference scheme for conservation laws as a finite element method.Goal oriented a posteriori error estimate for the Lax-Wendroff finite difference scheme.Investigation of accuracy of the computational error estimate.
``A sketch is like a sentence'': Curriculum structures that support teaching epistemic practices of science

This research reports on a study of curriculum materials development and use compared with the use of existing curriculum materials in an elementary classroom. The research explored the effect of explicit attention to epistemic practices in curriculum materials and the enactment of those materials. Epistemic practices include asking questions, collecting data, making descriptions of observations, finding patterns in the data, and developing scientific reasoning. Scaffolding considered the function, role, and purpose of epistemic practices in the community of science and the production of scientific knowledge. The designed curriculum was compared with an existing pedagogically similar curriculum to consider whether the scaffolding and explicitness affected enactment. Findings lead to the conclusion that enactment was impacted. Specifically, findings show that scaffolding in materials created more instances of students engaging in scientific reasoning. Similarly, the explicit description of epistemic practices supported the teacher in explicitly providing opportunities for children to learn about and use epistemic practices of science. Finally, when using the designed curriculum, teacher modifications during enactment showed to be more consistent with the intended instructional approach and also helpful for children in learning epistemic practices of science. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed92:608–630, 2008
Conservation of the photosynthesis gene cluster in Rhodospirillum centenum.

Summary Intraspecies and intergenus complementation analysis were utilized to demonstrate that photosynthesis genes are clustered in distantly related purple photo-synthetic bacteria. Specifically, we show that the linkage order for genes involved in bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in Rhodospirillum centenum are arranged essentially as in Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides. In addition, the location and relative distance observed between the puf and puh operons which encode for light harvesting and reaction-centre structural genes are also conserved between these species. Conservation of the photosynthesis gene cluster implies either that there are structural or regulatory constraints that limit rearrangement of the photosynthesis gene cluster or that there may have been lateral transfer of the photosynthesis gene cluster among different species of phototrophic bacteria.
Presentation of Type I and Type II Error Rates to Non-Statisticians.

Summary This article describes a simple computer program which graphically demonstrates both Type I and Type II statistical errors.
Plasma gas discharge deposited fluorocarbon polymers exhibit reduced elutability of adsorbed albumin and fibrinogen.

The adsorption and subsequent detergent elutability of fibrinogen and albumin were measured on various treated and untreated polymer films in order to determine whether the relative adsorption of these proteins was responsible for the enhanced thromboresistance of Dacron vascular grafts treated with tetrafluoroethylene in a radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) apparatus. Fluorocarbon-coated surfaces varying in the relative proportions of CF, CF2' and CF groups and in the ratio of fluorine to carbon were prepared by RFGD treatment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films with tetrafluoroethylene or perfluoropropane. The adsorption of fibrinogen and albumin to these fluorocarbon-coated surfaces was comparable to the adsorption of the proteins to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PET. However, the elutability of fibrinogen and albumin from the RFGD fluorocarbon surfaces with sodium dodecyl sulfate was much lower than that from PTFE or PET. Other RFGD treatments of PET, such as ethylene deposition or arg...
Experimental analysis of the dynamic, mechanical behaviour of a chicken egg

Abstract The dynamic, mechanical behaviour of a chicken egg is assessed. Experimental modal analysis tests revealed several spherical modes in the 2– 7 kHz frequency band. An identification of the mode shapes, the resonant frequencies and corresponding damping ratios of these modes is obtained. The study allows the interpretation of the vibration response of an egg excited at its equator with a light mechanical impact which could open the door towards an automated egg inspection system.
Enhancement of pea (Pisum sativum) seedling vigour and associated phenolic content by extracts of apple pomace fermented with Trichoderma spp.

Abstract We previously reported that three apple pomace-based Trichoderma inoculants enhanced seedling vigour in pea (Pisum sativum) germinated in potting soil. The objective of this study was to further investigate the effect of isolated extracts from these bioinoculants on phenolic content and seedling vigour in peas. When pea seeds were pre-treated with Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma pseudokoningii inoculant extracts, the germination rate in potting soil increased by, 15, 15 and 20%, respectively, compared with water treatment control. After 5 days of growth, the average plant height increased by 27, 39 and 31%, respectively; the average fresh weight increased by 33, 46 and 36%, respectively. The average phenolic content, another key indicator of vigour identified in our studies, increased by 13, 18 and 17%, respectively. The root elongation during germination of pre-treated pea seeds was more rapid than control. Pea seeds treated for 24 h with the dilution of 10−2 of Trichoderma inoculant extracts resulted in the most rapid plant growth and highest phenolic content of pea seedlings. The chemical composition of the inoculant extracts was partially characterized.
Medication discrepancies despite pharmacist led medication reconciliation: the challenges of maintaining an accurate medication list in primary care

Objective: Describe the types of medication discrepancies that persist despite pharmacist-led medication reconciliation using the primary care electronic medical record (EMR).Methods: Observational case series study of established patients from an urban, indigent care clinic. Medication reconciliation was conducted immediately prior to the physician visit at baseline and return visit. Main outcome measures included: frequency, types, and reasons for discrepancies, patient knowledge, and adherence.Results: There was a 14.5% reduction in the number of patients with a discrepancy and the frequency of discrepancies was reduced by 7.3%. The rate of medication discrepancies in the chart was reduced by 31.3%. The most common type of discrepancy that persisted at follow up were medications listed on the chart that the patient stopped taking. Discrepancies were more likely to persist in Caucasian subjects when compared to African Americans.Conclusion: While pharmacist led medication reconciliation appears effective at reducing the likelihood of a medication discrepancy in the EMR, challenges persist in maintaining this accuracy specifically as it relates to patient driven changes to the medication regimen.
Effects of ibogaine and noribogaine on the antinociceptive action of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists in mice

Ibogaine, an alkaloid isolated from the bark of the African shrub, Tabernanthe iboga, has been claimed to decrease the self-administration of drugs of abuse like morphine, cocaine and alcohol. To determine whether these effects are mediated via opioid receptor systems, the effects of ibogaine and its metabolite, noribogaine on the antinociceptive actions of morphine, U-50,488H and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) which are mu- kappa- and delta-opioid receptor agonists, respectively, were determined in male Swiss-Webster mice. Administration of morphine (7 or 10 mg/kg, s.c.), U-50,488H (15 or 25 mg/kg, i.p.) or DPDPE (10 microg/mouse, i.c.v.) produced antinociception in mice as measured by the tail-flick test. Ibogaine (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) by itself did not alter the tail-flick latency. The same doses of ibogaine injected 10 min before the opioid drugs did not modify the antinociceptive actions of morphine, U-50,488H or DPDPE. Ibogaine administered 4 h or 24 h prior to morphine injection did not modify the antinociceptive action of the latter. A dose of 40 mg/kg (i.p.) of noribogaine enhanced the antinociceptive activity of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). Similarly, the doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg of noribogaine enhanced the antinociception produced by a smaller dose of morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.). However, antinociception induced by U-50,488H and DPDPE was not modified by noribogaine (10-40 mg/kg). It is concluded that ibogaine, which has been suggested to decrease the self-administration of cocaine and opiates like heroin in humans, does not produce such an action by interacting directly with multiple opioid receptors. However, the metabolite of ibogaine enhances the antinociception of morphine but not of U-50,488H or DPDPE. Thus, in vivo evidence has been provided for the possible interaction of ibogaine with mu-opioid receptor following its metabolism to noribogaine.
Developing a professional doctorate in computing: a fifth-year assessment

Pace University's Doctor of Professional Studies in Computing program, a fusion of academic and professional cultures, started as a venture into largely uncharted educational territory. One part of the mission was, and remains, a one hundred percent student retention rate, with each student successfully defending a dissertation with original research in three years. Yet, throughout, the students retain full-time employment as high-level computing and IT professionals. Another part of the mission is to provide breadth and currency across the computing disciplines (specifically, computer science, information systems, and telecommunications) as well as depth in annually selected areas of emerging technology. This is in a context in which entering students have master's degrees and generally at least five years of professional experience in diverse computing-related areas and therefore lack a common foundational background. As a new program at the University and in the country, penetrating assessments have been conducted each semester. This report describes the assessments, the anticipated and unanticipated challenges, and the steps that have made the evolutionary development of this program successful.
Reconsidering Bank Capital Regulation: A New Combination of Rules, Regulators, and Market Discipline

Despite revisions to bank capital standards, fundamental shortcomings remain: the rules for setting capital requirements need to be simpler, and resolution should be an essential part of the capital requirement framework.We propose a new system of capital regulation that addresses these needs by making changes to all three pillars of bank regulation: only common equity should be recognized as capital for regulatory purposes, and risk weighting of assets should be abandoned; capital requirements should be assigned on an institution-by-institution basis according to a regulatory (s,S) approach developed in the paper; a standard for prompt, corrective action is incorporated into the (s,S) approach.
“Aunt Sophie Smashes a Triangle”: Stella Miles Franklin and the 1913 adultery narratives

Abstract Nineteen thirteen was an extraordinary year for Stella Miles Franklin. Alongside her hectic schedule with the National Women's Trade Union League in Chicago, Franklin worked on a variety of manuscripts, including the suffrage play “Aunt Sophie Smashes a Triangle”. I focus on this play about male adultery, contextualising it in her personal relationships and intellectual life, especially in the ways Franklin's interest in social purity, feminism, and the influence of Charlotte Perkins Gilman coincided with moral movements abounding in Chicago during 1913. Energised by the progressive literary endeavours of the period, Franklin makes three important points in this protest play about male adultery that include: the degeneracy of masculinity that leads to male susceptibility for adultery, the dangers of domesticity that help explain male infidelity, and the necessity of women's economic independence and solidarity to survive the realities of male adultery in society. In this latter claim, Franklin su...
The design of adaptive systems: optimal parameters for variation and selection in learning and development.

Abstract Some aspects of learning and development are based on evolutionary change within the organism. In trial and error learning, variant ideas or behaviours are generated and selective filters (learning rules) choose among the population of variants. Development may, in some cases, proceed by selection within a population of variant cellular lineages. This paper analyses abstract properties of selective systems to understand the evolutionary dynamics that occur within organisms. The Price Equation and Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection, two of the most powerful concepts in evolutionary genetics are applied in a general way to internal selective systems in learning and development. This analysis emphasizes generative mechanisms and selective filters as genetically controlled phenotypes of individual organisms. Generative mechanisms create the variation on which selection acts. Selective filters determine the extent to which selection within the organisms optimizes organismal performance. The methods of Price and Fisher provide a general way in which to partition evolutionary change into improvements caused by selection and the tendency of high performance variants to deteriorate because of competition or environmental change. This balance between selective improvement, at a rate equal to the variance in fitness, and a matching deterioration in performance, provides general insight into the common properties of adaptive systems in genetics, learning and development. These ideas are applied to a model of honey bee foraging. This example clarifies the relation between genes and phenotypes controlled by internal selective systems.
Object relations and transference in the group treatment of incest offenders

After reviewing the literature on sex offenders-a literature largely devoted to behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and relapse-prevention approaches to treatment-the author proposes that an object-relational group psychotherapy treatment has a great deal to offer in the treatment of incest offenders. The author describes the parameters that distinguish group treatment of incest offenders from other object-relational group treatments. These parameters are largely related to the legally mandated nature of the treatment. The reality of enforced treatment and the very real influence treaters have on the lives of their patients supports a particular and salient transferential experience of the therapist as an authority figure who is generally also seen as harsh and arbitrary. Clinical case material clarifies how both overidentification with, and avoidance of, this authority figure role can derail treatment. The author concludes that there is potential for exploiting the reality-based treatment parameters with this population to help develop a treatment alliance that can be a powerful and effective treatment tool.
Theory of optical-phonon interactions in a rectangular quantum wire

The Hamiltonian describing the iteraction of both confined longitudinal-optical and surface-optical photons with charge carriers is derived from the macroscopic dielectric continuum model for the case of a rectangular quantum wire where photon confinement occurs in two of the three spatial dimensions. The full interaction Hamiltonian is used to calculate the total scattering rate for electron-optical-phonon scattering of electrons traversing a GaAs square quantum wire. The results demonstrate that the interaction by the surface-optical phonon modes is very strong and may dominate over other scattering processes, especially with dimensions of about 100 A or less. A considerable decrease in the total scattering rate for optical phonons as a result of simple reduction in dimensionality is not observed in this study.
Coupled-oscillator scanning technique for receiver applications

Scanning oscillator techniques previously developed for transmitter applications have been successfully applied to the receive mode. Scanning is achieved through frequency detuning in a coupled set of local oscillators. The design of a five element receiving array is presented, demonstrating a 25/spl deg/ scan range. The array consists of a local oscillator array, mixers, an antenna array and an IF summer. The local oscillator array is composed of five varactor tuned FET VCOs which are designed to work at 8.6 GHz. An injection-locking technique is described for low-phase noise applications.
The Possibility of Coherentism and the Stringency of Ceteris Paribus Conditions

Schupbach (2008) puts forward a "possibility result" for Bayesian Coherentism, showing that there exist plausible sets of ceteris paribus conditions that imply that coherence is truth-conducive. Against this result, Schubert (2012) has argued that Schupbach's considered ceteris paribus conditions are "jointly inconsistent". In this article, I first show that Schubert's attempted proof of this claim is fallacious, and hence that the possibility result still stands. Next, I consider a related criticism of Schupbach's result, inspired by Olsson's (2005) constraints on ceteris paribus conditions. This leads to a general discussion of the principle(s) that should guide one in choosing such conditions.
Groundwater Cleanup by in-situ Sparging. II. Modeling of Dissolved Volatile Organic Compound Removal

Simple steady-state and nonsteady-state models are developed for describing the removal of dissolved volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aquifers by sparging techniques. A method is given for estimating the streamlines and transit times of water in a stagnant or nearly stagnant aquifer in the vicinity of a sparging well, and the resulting flow velocities are used to develop a model for the sparging of a VOC obeying Henry's law.
The Q-property of composite transformations and the P-property of Stein-type transformations on self-dual and symmetric cones

Motivated by the Q-property of nonsingular M-matrices, Lyapunov and Stein transformations (corresponding to positive stable and Schur stable matrices, respectively) and their products [A. Berman, R.J. Plemmons, Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1994; M.S. Gowda, Y. Song, Math. Prog. 88 (2000) 575–587; M.S. Gowda, T. Parthasarathy, Linear Algebra Appl. 320 (2000) 131–144; M.S. Gowda, Y. Song, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 24 (2002) 25–39], in the first part of the paper we present a unifying result on the product of Q-transformations defined on self-dual closed convex cones. The second part deals with the P-property of the linear transformation I − S on a Euclidean Jordan algebra where S leaves the corresponding symmetric cone invariant and ρ(S) < 1. We prove the P-property for the Lorentz cone and present some partial results in the general case.
Microbial phylogenetic profiling with the Pacific Biosciences sequencing platform

High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons has revolutionized the capacity and depth of microbial community profiling. Several sequencing platforms are available, but most phylogenetic studies are performed on the 454-pyrosequencing platform because its longer reads can give finer phylogenetic resolution. The Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing platform is significantly less expensive per run, does not rely on amplification for library generation, and generates reads that are, on average, four times longer than those from 454 (C2 chemistry), but the resulting high error rates appear to preclude its use in phylogenetic profiling. Recently, however, the PacBio platform was used to characterize four electrosynthetic microbiomes to the genus-level for less than USD 1,000 through the use of PacBio’s circular consensus sequence technology. Here, we describe in greater detail: 1) the output from successful 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling with PacBio, 2) how the analysis was contingent upon several alterations to standard bioinformatic quality control workflows, and 3) the advantages and disadvantages of using the PacBio platform for community profiling.
Phosphate and carbonate salts of calcium support robust bone building in osteoporosis

Background: Calcium is an essential cotherapy in osteoporosis treatment. The relative effectiveness of various calcium salts for this purpose is uncertain. Many older women with osteoporosis have phosphorus intakes of ,70% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Objective: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that calcium phosphate would better support anabolic bone building than would calcium carbonate. Design: This study was a 12-mo, randomized, positive-comparator, 2-arm, single-blind clinical trial in 211 patients treated with teriparatide who consumed ,1000 mg phosphorus/d. Participants were randomly assigned to receive, in addition to teriparatide and 1000 IU cholecalciferol, 1800 mg calcium/d as either tricalcium phosphate or calcium carbonate. The primary endpoints were changes in lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral densities (BMDs); secondary endpoints were changes in bone resorption biomarkers and serum and urine calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Results: In the combined group, the lumbar spine BMD increased by 7.2%, and total hip BMD increased by 2.1% (P , 0.01 for both). However, there was no significant difference between calcium-treatment groups, and there were no significant between-group differences in serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations or in urine calcium concentrations. Bone resorption biomarkers increased in both groups, as expected with teriparatide, but the increases in the 2 calcium groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate appear to be approximately equally effective in supporting bone building with a potent anabolic agent; phosphate salt may be preferable in patients with restricted phosphorus intakes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00074711. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10. 3945/ajcn.2009.29085.
Mechanical Properties of TMJ Disc Cells Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a load bearing joint with unique articular structure. The TMJ disc, a fibrocartilaginous tissue, is a major component of jaw function by serving stress distribution and lubrication in the joint. The TMJ disc pathophysiology, such as disc derangement and degeneration, is central to many TMJ disorders affecting a large population. It is generally believed that pathological mechanical loading, such as sustained mechanical loading in jaw clenching and traumatic impact, is the leading cause of TMJ disc derangement [1]. However, the exact mechanism, especially at the cellular level, has not been established. TMJ disc cells, fibrochondrocyte-like cells, respond to chemical and mechanical signals and regulate the physiology and pathology of the disc. However, little is known of the cellular mechanical properties in TMJ disc. The objective of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of a single TMJ disc cell using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Analysis and design of a high-efficiency multistage Doherty power amplifier for WCDMA

A comprehensive analysis of multistage Doherty amplifier, which can be used to achieve higher efficiency at greater back-off compared to the classical Doherty amplifier, is presented. A novel set of design equations for a generalized N-stage Doherty amplifier is introduced. For the first time, this technique is applied to the design of a WCDMA power amplifier (PA). The designed PA meets WCDMA requirements, and exhibits a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 34.5% at 6 dB back-off and 16.9% at 12 dB back-off. These PAEs are 2 times and 4 times better, respectively, than that of a single stage linear PA at the same back-off levels. The PA is capable of delivering up to 28.6 dBm of output power, and has a maximum adjacent channel power leakage ratio of ?38 dBc and ?51 dBc at 5 and 10 MHz offset, respectively. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these represent the best reported results of a Doherty amplifier for WCDMA application in the 1.95 GHz band, to date.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes shell decorating porous silicate materials: A general platform for studying the interaction of carbon nanotubes with photoactive molecules

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been deposited onto the external surface of porous silicate materials by deposition from a solution of individualized, protonated SWCNTs in chlorosulfonic acid. It is demonstrated that the deposited SWCNTs can be deprotonated on the silicate surface, yielding a microporous or mesoporous material with individual or small bundles of SWCNTs. These carbon nanotubes present all the spectral characteristics of pristine SWCNTs, including van Hove transitions, Raman and NIR photoluminescence. Furthermore, it is shown that these materials can be used as scaffolds to study the interaction of SWCNTs with photoactive molecules loaded in the cavities of the porous silicate materials. As a proof-of-concept, we showed that the photoluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) can be quenched by protonated SWCNTs in the nearby surface decreasing its lifetime by nearly two orders of magnitude. This represents a novel application for these materials, especially considering the large amount of different molecules that can be immobilized in the internal cavities of these porous silicates.
The classification problem with autoregressive process

We consider the problem of assigning a realization into one of several autoregressive soursces that share a common known order and unknown error variance. The approach is to use an informal Bayesian inference based on the marginal posterior distribution of the classification vector. A realization is assigned to that actoregessive process with the largest posterior probability, and an example demomtrates the classification technique behaves in a reasonable way. A generalization is developed.
Deformity of sugar maple caused by bud feeding insects.

Injury to sugar maple buds, shoots, twigs, and stems resulted in forked trees in Upper Michigan. Six species of insects were observed to feed on buds: The lepidopterans Proteoteras moffatiana Fernald (Olethreutidae), Obrussa ochrefasciella (Chambers) (Nepticulidae), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Cenopis pettitana (Robinson) (Tortricidae), and the coleopterans Phyllobius oblongus (L.) (Curculionidae) and Platycerus virescens (F.) (Lucanidae). Twig and shoot damage resulted from severed shoots, twig cankers, and scarring resembling weevil feeding injury. Stem damage was caused by breakage and browsing animals. Bud injury averaged 5.80% per year, twig damage 3.18% per year, and stem breakage 0.36% per year. Injuries to terminals resulted in 85% forked stems, 8% single stems, 3% stunting, and 4% unaffected.
Hepatic Iron Overload in Renal Transplant Recipients: Ultrastructural Observations

This study describes the ultrastructural features of hemosiderosis occurring in five transplant recipients. Iron deposits in the form of homogeneous and heterogeneous siderosomes (iron-laden lysosomes) were found within the hepatocytes and macrophages in areas of fibrosis, and to a lesser degree within Kupffer cells and bile duct epithelium. Disruption of siderosomal membranes with extrusion of ferritin particles into the cytosol was demonstrated in these specimens and may be significant in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury.
Combining Nonlinear Additive Autoregression with Multiscale Wavelet for Monthly Anchovy Catches Forecasting

In this paper, a nonlinear additive autoregressive model combined with multiscale stationary wavelet transform is used to improve the accuracy and parsimony of one-month-ahead forecasting of monthly anchovy catches in northern Chile ($18^{0}$ $21'$S-$24^{0}$ S). The general idea of the proposed forecasting model is to decompose the raw data set into trend and residual components by using SWT. In wavelet domain, the trend component and residual component are predicted with a linear autoregressive (AR) model and nonlinear additive autoregressive (NAAR) model; respectively. Hence, the proposed forecast is the co-addition of two predicted components. Data on monthly anchovy catches are available for a period of $44$ years, from 1-Jun-1963 to 31-Dec-2007. We find that the proposed forecasting method achieves $99\%$ of the explained variance with reduced parsimony and high accuracy. Besides, the wavelet-autoregressive forecaster proves to be more accurate and performs better than the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model and NAAR model.
Genetic Relatedness Studies with Adenovirus-associated Viruses

Abstract Adenovirus-associated viruses (AAV) contain double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA from each of the four AAV serotypes was used as template for the in vitro synthesis of complementary 3H-ribonucleic acids(RNA). An estimation of genetic interrelatedness was made on the basis of hybridization reactions between synthetic AAV RNA and AAV DNA. Heterologous reactions were 27 to 37% of homologous reactions, suggesting that the AAV serotypes are related to about the same extent. AAV-1 synthetic RNA was also reacted with DNA from helper adenovirus types 2, 7, and SV15. Very low levels of RNA binding were observed, but it is not likely that these reactions represent AAV-adenovirus genetic relatedness.
Three-Party Quantum Authenticated Key Distribution with Partially Trusted Third Party

In this paper, a novel three-party quantum authenticated key distribution with a partially trusted third party protocol is proposed. Unlike most classical cryptography, the security of the protocol does not rely on the amount of computations required to find the encryption key, but on physical properties of the transmission medium (i.e., quantum mechanical properties). The session key shared between participants is concealed from the trusted third party while the participants trust the third party regarding the authentication part. Thus, the proposed system will be preferable for network systems in/between institutions, which deal with highly sensitive information (e.g., military bases, research facilities, hospitals).
Tax-and-spend: democratic scheduling for real-time garbage collection

Real-time Garbage Collection (RTGC) has recently advanced to the point where it is being used in production for financial trading, military command-and-control, and telecommunications. However, among potential users of RTGC, there is enormous diversity in both application requirements and deployment environments.Previously described RTGCs tend to work well in a narrow band of possible environments, leading to fragile systems and limiting adoption of real-time garbage collection technology.This paper introduces a collector scheduling methodology called tax-and-spend and the collector design revisions needed to support it. Tax-and-spend provides a general mechanism which works well across a variety of application, machine, and operating system configurations. Tax-and-spend subsumes the predominant pre-existing RTGC scheduling techniques. It allows different policies to be applied in different contexts depending on the needs of the application. Virtual machines can co-exist compositionally on a single machine.We describe the implementation of our system, Metronome-TS, as an extension of the Metronome collector in IBM's Real-time J9 virtual machine product, and we evaluate it running on an 8-way SMP blade with a real-time Linux kernel. Compared to the state-of-the-art Metronome system on which it is based, implemented in the identical infrastructure, it achieves almost 3x shorter latencies, comparable utilization at a 2.5x shorter time window, and mean throughput improvements of 10-20%.
Feeding by Waterhyacinth Weevils (Neochetina spp.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Site, Plant Biomass, and Biochemical Factors

Abstract Biological control of waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.] by waterhyacinth weevils [Neochetina bruchi (Hustache)] and [Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner)] varies according to field environment, season, and plant stress levels. Plants at four field sites were sampled to determine if leaf scarring caused by adult weevil feeding was associated with plant biomass, biochemical and population measures, and insect densities. Leaf scar densities were consistently higher on plants from two sites at which root and dead plant part biomass were high. Scarring was correlated to root and dead biomass across all sites. Scarring was not associated with weevil densities summed across all life stages or larval gallery density. Soluble protein contents were lower in plants from the two sites with high scarring than at two other sites in Spring 2002, and scarring was negatively correlated to protein content across all sites. Protein was usually highest in immature furled leaves. Activities of soluble pe...
Judicial Dialogue in Roper: Signaling the Court’s Emergence as a Transnational Legal Actor? A Response to Professor Mark Tushnet

Professor Mark Tushnet contends that Roper v. Simmons is consistent with a long line of U.S. Supreme Court precedent utilizing foreign authority in constitutional interpretation. Given this consistency, he asserts that the controversy over Roper, "must rest on something new in constitutional discourse," and finds the, "something new," in two sources: The rise of originalism and renewed, "concern for the place of the United States in the modern international order."This response essay suggests two additional sources for the controversy over Roper. First is the emerging transnational judicial dialogue among the world's constitutional courts on human rights issues, and the concomitant emergence of courts as important mediators between domestic and international law. The essay grounds criticism of the Court's decision in part on the fear that American judges might become active participants in this dialogue and that this might have negative consequences for the United States' so-called, "national identity." Second, the controversy over Roper is grounded in part on, "something new," with respect to the Court's use of non-U.S. sources. Seen against the backdrop of the emerging transnational judicial dialogue on human rights, Justice Kennedy's reliance on nonbinding human rights treaties represented a significant departure from, or at least expansion of, the Court's prior practice. Thus, both the interpretive method adopted by the Roper Court and its somewhat problematic selection of sources help explain some of the controversy surrounding the decision.
Lost in Translation? Linguistic Diversity and the Elusive Quest for Plain Meaning in the Law

This chapter investigates the adoption of the Uncitral Model Law in the Italian context and examines in particular the adaptations that have been made to the model document in the process of translation/localization of this text. The texts analyzed will be drawn from Italian legislation on international arbitration based on the Model Law (ML) on International Commercial Arbitration and the Uncitral Arbitration Rules (AR); in particular, the analysis will focus on the Italian arbitration law inserted in the Code of Civil Procedure (CCP) arts. In order to highlight the differentiations and adaptations to a particular context, the Italian text taken into consideration will be compared to that of United Nations, with the aim of offering detailed understanding of linguistic and textual phenomena closely linked to cross-cultural translation. The analysis determines the phenomenon of legal translation in a multilingual/multicultural contest is greatly influenced by linguistic constraints and legal traditions of the local communities to which the translation is addressed.
Can Correct Closed-Chest Compressions Be Performed During Prehospital Transport?

Introduction: The resuscitation rate from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is low. There are many factors to be considered as contributing to this phenomenon. One factor not previously considered is the impact of a moving ambulance environment on the ability to perform closed-chest compressions. Hypothesis: Proper closed-chest compressions can be performed in a moving ambulance. Methods: A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training mannequin with an attached skill meter (Skillmeter ResusciAnnie ® , Laerdal, Armonk, N. Y., USA) that measures each chest compression for proper depth and hand placement was used. Ten emergency medical technician-basic (EMT-B) certified prehospital providers were assigned into one of five teams. Each team performed a total of four sessions of five minutes of continuous closed-chest compressions on the mannequin. Two sessions were done by each team: one in the control environment with the mannequin placed on the floor, and the other in the experimental environment with the mannequin placed in the back of a moving ambulance. The ambulance was operated without warning lights and siren, and all traffic rules were obeyed. The percentage of correct closed-chest compressions was recorded for each session, and the mean values were compared using Student's t-test with alpha set at 0.01 for statistical significance. Results: Ten sessions of compressions were done in both environments. The mean percentage of correct compressions was 77.6 ±15.6 for the control group and 45.6 ±18.3 for the ambulance group (p = 0.0005). Conclusion: A moving ambulance environment appears to impair the ability to perform closed-chest compressions.
The influence of estrogen administration on plasma prolactin levels in the neonatally androgenized (NA) female rat.

AbstractDiurnal plasma prolactin levels were examined in intact neonatally androgenized (NA) female rats and NA rats ovariectomized (OVX) as adults and given estrogen. The administration of 0.5 mg of polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) to NA-OVX animals resulted in a diurnal plasma prolactin pattern similar to that of intact NA animals. When compared with normal OVX PEP-treated animals the plasma PRL levels of NA animals were higher at 0900, 1100, and 1300 hr and lower at 1500, 1700, 1900, and 2100 hr. In intact NA and NA-OVX estrogen-treated animals plasma prolactin values were significantly higher in the afternoon when compared with morning values. Plasma estradiol was twice as high in intact NA animals than in NA-OVX animals while PEP-injected animals had a value 14 times higher than that of intact NA rats. Despite the very high estradiol value the plasma PRL pattern of NA-OVX + PEP animals was comparable to intact NA animals. The ovaries were smaller and the oviducts larger in NA animals when compared to co...
Chromatographic Behavior of Polar Compounds With Liquid vs. Supercritical Fluid Mobile Phases

Separation d'amines aromatiques et d'azaarenes par chromatographie SFC et comparaison avec la chromatographie HPLC en phase directe et inverse
Relative contribution of biomolecules in bacterial extracellular polymeric substances to disinfection byproduct formation.

In this study, detailed chemical compositions of the biomolecules in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from both pure cultures of bacteria and mixed species biofilm isolated from a water utility were analyzed. Then, based on detailed EPS analysis results, the DBP yield experiments were conducted with both extracted EPS and surrogate chemicals to indirectly identify the influence of biomolecules and their structures on DBP formation and speciation. DBP yield results of both extracted EPS and EPS surrogates indicated that proteins in EPS have a greater influence on DBP formation, especially on the formation of nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), where amino acids containing unsaturated organic carbon or conjugated bonds in R-group produced higher amount of DBPs. For regulated DBPs, HAA yields were higher than THM yields, while haloacetonitriles were the dominant DBP species formed among unregulated DBPs. However, DBP yields of polysaccharide monomers were lower than those of tested amino acids groups and the ...