cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brute Animals and Legal Rights

Various proponents of animal rights—for example, H. J. McCloskey— maintain that while brute animals (henceforth ‘animals’) cannot have; moral rights they can have legal rights. Indeed, McCloskey himself goes so far as to maintain that even inanimate objects are able to have legal rights.1 And why should not inanimate objects be able to? After f all, for there to be a legal right is anything more required than that whatever agency is empowered to issue legal rights simply legislate or proclaim that so-and-so has that legal right?
Characteristics of medical inpatients with acute pain and suspected non-medical use of opioids.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize medical inpatients with acute pain suspected of non‐medical opioid use. Method: Medical inpatients treated with opioids for acute pain referred for psychiatric consultation were administered questionnaires including the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Pain Patients (SOAPP) and the Hospital Misuse Checklist (HMC), developed for this study. Results: The nine subjects referred for evaluation of possible non‐ medical opioid use, compared to the 23 subjects referred for other reasons, were younger (37.7 vs. 51.3, t ¼ 2.81, p ¼ .012), more likely to score positive on the SOAPP (100% vs. 47.8%, Fisher’s p < .05) and report lifetime histories of any substance use disorder (SUD) (88.9% vs. 30.4%, x 2 ¼ 9.7, p ¼ .002). No differences were found on items on the HMC. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study indicate that medical inpatients with suspected non‐medical use of opioids resemble chronic pain outpatients misusing opioids. Further research is needed to better characterize this patient population and to validate the HMC measure. (Am J Addict 2013;22:515–520)
Fracture of corpora cavernosa with massive cavernosal-venous shunts

A 43 year old white male with no signifi-cant past medical history presented to our emer-gency department (ED) with worsening penile pain and difficulty urinating. Several hours prior to admission, the patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident in which he was an unrestrained driver. His pelvis struck the steering wheel, while he was sexually aroused. Over the next 16 hours, his penis became increasingly swollen and pain-ful. He presented to our ED when he was unable to void. On physical exam, the patient’s vitals were unremarkable. His chest was clear and abdomen was soft. The patient’s right thigh was discolored and swollen. His penis was enlarged and swollen with a very prominent and distended dorsal penile vein. Auscultation over the penis revealed a loud bruit. Urinalysis was positive for 20-30 red blood cells and isolated small blood clots. A retrograde urethrogram was attempted, revealing a concentrically compressed, pendulous urethra with incomplete filling of the bulbous urethra. There was no evidence of extravasation. However, the procedure was aborted secondary to intolerable pain. A T2-weighted MRI revealed a transverse fracture across the corpora cavernosa (Figure-1, black arrows). Minimal extravasation of blood was noted on the right juxta-corporal area exten-ding through the tunica albuginea, but contained within Buck’s fascia (Figure-1, white arrow). A massively dilated draining vein was identified, in-dicative of arteriovenous shunt (Figure-2, arrow). Surgical exploration revealed two small arteriovenous fistulas, which were ligated without difficulty. The enveloping tunica was repaired and the patient recovered. He sustained no loss of erectile function.
Structure, Genetic Mapping, and Expression of the Mouse Hgf/scatter factor Gene

The cytokine termed hepatocyte growth factor or scatter factor (HGF/SF) has been implicated in embryonic development and liver regeneration. Mouse HGF/SF cDNA clones were obtained by screening a mouse liver cDNA library with synthetic oligonucleotides, as well as by using the method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with mRNA isolated from adult mouse brain. Sequence analysis of mouse HGF/SF cDNA clones spanning the entire coding region revealed an overall amino acid identity of 90% and 98% with human and rat HGF, respectively. Using mouse HGF antisense RNA as a probe, we observed the expression of HGF/SF mRNA in the liver, kidney, whole brain and cerebellum of adult mice as well as in day 9 and day 10 mouse embryos. The mouse HGF/SF cDNA was utilized for mapping Hgf to the centromeric region of mouse Chromosome 5 in apparent close proximity to the reeler mutation by the analysis of two multilocus crosses. The relationship of Hgf to the reeler mutation is discussed. The availability of mouse HGF/SF cDNA clones should facilitate further analysis of HGF/SF function during development.
Run-time parallelization and scheduling of loops

The authors study run-time methods to automatically parallelize and schedule iterations of a do loop in certain cases where compile-time information is inadequate. The methods presented involve execution time preprocessing of the loop. At compile-time, these methods set up the framework for performing a loop dependency analysis. At run-time, wavefronts of concurrently executable loop iterations are identified. Using this wavefront information, loop iterations are reordered for increased parallelism. The authors utilize symbolic transformation rules to produce: inspector procedures that perform execution time preprocessing, and executors or transformed versions of source code loop structures. These transformed loop structures carry out the calculations planned in the inspector procedures. The authors present performance results from experiments conducted on the Encore Multimax. These results illustrate that run-time reordering of loop indexes can have a significant impact on performance. >
A microfluidic coculture and multiphoton FAD analysis assay provides insight into the influence of the bone microenvironment on prostate cancer cells

In prostate cancer, bone is a frequent site of metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms of this tumor tropism remain unclear. Here, we integrate a microfluidic coculture platform with multi-photon imaging based techniques to assess both phenotypic cell behavior and FAD fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime in the same cell. This platform combines two independent assays normally performed with two different cell populations into a single device, allowing us to simultaneously assess both phenotypic cell behavior and enzyme activity. We observed that the osteotropic prostate cancer cell line (C4-2B), when in a coculture with bone marrow stromal cells (MC3T3-E1), has increased protrusive phenotype and increased total and protein-bound FAD compared to its parent cell line (LNCaP). We hypothesized that an increase in ROS-generating APAO activity may be responsible for these effects, and found that the effects were decreased in the presence of the antioxidant N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). This suggests that an ROS-related signaling mechanism at the bone metastatic site may be correlated with and play a role in increased invasion of metastasizing prostate cancer cells. The studies performed using this combined platform will lead to new insights into the mechanisms that drive prostate cancer metastasis.
Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway mutations cause hemimegalencephaly and focal cortical dysplasia

Focal malformations of cortical development, including focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and hemimegalencephaly (HME), are important causes of intractable childhood epilepsy. Using targeted and exome sequencing on DNA from resected brain samples and nonbrain samples from 53 patients with FCD or HME, we identified pathogenic germline and mosaic mutations in multiple PI3K/AKT pathway genes in 9 patients, and a likely pathogenic variant in 1 additional patient. Our data confirm the association of DEPDC5 with sporadic FCD but also implicate this gene for the first time in HME. Our findings suggest that modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway may hold promise for malformation-associated epilepsy.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy as Preoperative Treatment for Localized Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Purpose The goal of this study was to evaluate dosimetric parameters, acute toxicity, pathologic response, and local control in patients treated with preoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for localized gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods Between November 2007 and April 2010, 25 patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with induction chemotherapy, followed by preoperative IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy and, finally, surgical resection. The median radiation therapy dose was 45 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy was 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in 18 patients, capecitabine in 3, and other regimens in 4. Subsequently, resection was performed with total gastrectomy in 13 patients, subtotal gastrectomy in 7, and other surgeries in 5. Results Target coverage, expressed as the ratio of the minimum dose received by 99% of the planning target volume to the prescribed dose, was a median of 0.97 (range, 0.92–1.01). The median V30 (percentage of volume receiving at least 30 Gy) for the liver was 26%; the median V20 (percentage of volume receiving at least 20 Gy) for the right and left kidneys was 14% and 24%, respectively; and the median V40 (percentage of volume receiving at least 40 Gy) for the heart was 18%. Grade 3 acute toxicity developed in 14 patients (56%), including dehydration in 10, nausea in 8, and anorexia in 5. Grade 4 acute toxicity did not develop in any patient. There were no significant differences in the rates of acute toxicity, hospitalization, or feeding tube use in comparison to those in a group of 50 patients treated with preoperative three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy. R0 resection was obtained in 20 patients (80%), and pathologic complete response occurred in 5 (20%). Conclusions Preoperative IMRT for gastric adenocarcinoma was well tolerated, accomplished excellent target coverage and normal structure sparing, and led to appropriate pathologic outcomes.
Heat-Flow Values from the South-Eastern Pacific

Prior to these new measurements, twenty-five heat-fiow values from the Pacific Ocean Basin and eight from the Atlantic have been published1. The surprising fact brought out by these measurements is the approximate equality of average heat flow of the oceanic and continental areas, about 1 × 10−6 cal./cm.2 sec. This result was unexpected on the basis of values of radioactivity indicated for typical continental and oceanic crustal rocks existing near the Earth's surface. It has usually been assumed that most of the surface heat flow in continental regions must originate in the relatively thick and radioactive continental crust. Under the oceans, nearly all the average heat flow must come from the mantle beneath the relatively thin oceanic crust.
Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage

Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. University of California Press, 1998. xviii. 327 pp.
Exercise, Fitness, and Neurocognitive Function in Older Adults: The “Selective Improvement” and “Cardiovascular Fitness” Hypotheses

Background Although basic research has uncovered biological mechanisms by which exercise could maintain and enhance adult brain health, experimental human studies with older adults have produced equivocal results.
Student-t Based Robust Spatio-temporal Prediction

This paper describes an efficient and effective design of Robust Spatio-Temporal Prediction based on Student's $t$ distribution, namely, St-RSTP, to provide estimations based on observations over spatio-temporal neighbors. The proposed St-RSTP is more resilient to outliers or other small departures from model assumptions than its ancestor, the Spatio-Temporal Random Effects (STRE) model. STRE is a state-of-the-art statistical model with linear order complexity for large scale processing. However, it assumes Gaussian observations, which has the well-known limitation of non-robustness. In our St-RSTP design, the measurement error follows Student's $t$ distribution, instead of a traditional Gaussian distribution. This design reduces the influence of outliers, improves prediction quality, and keeps the problem analytically intractable. We propose a novel approximate inference approach, which approximates the model into the form that separates the high dimensional latent variables into groups, and then estimates the posterior distributions of different groups of variables separately in the framework of Expectation Propagation. As a good property, our approximate approach decentralizes to the standard STRE based prediction, when the degree of freedom of the Student's $t$ distribution is set to infinite. Extensive experimental evaluations based on both simulation and real-life data sets demonstrated the robustness and the efficiency of our Student-t prediction model. The proposed approach provides critical functionality for stochastic processes on spatio-temporal data.
Computing procedure summaries for interprocedural analysis

We describe a new technique for computing procedure summaries for performing an interprocedural analysis on programs. Procedure summaries are computed by performing a backward analysis of procedures, but there are two key new features: (i) information is propagated using "generic" assertions (rather than regular assertions that are used in intraprocedural analysis); and (ii) unification is used to simplify these generic assertions. We illustrate this general technique by applying it to two abstractions: unary uninterpreted functions and linear arithmetic. In the first case, we get a PTIME algorithm for a special case of the long-standing open problem of interprocedural global value numbering (the special case being that we consider unary uninterpreted functions instead of binary). This also requires developing efficient algorithms for manipulating singleton context-free grammars, and builds on an earlier work by Plandowski [13]. In linear arithmetic case, we get new algorithms for precise interprocedural analysis of linear arithmetic programs with complexity matching that of the best known deterministic algorithm [11].
Factors which influence the rate of receiving a routine second newborn screening test in Washington State.

This study was conducted to determine whether newborns from different ethnic and socioeconomic groups in Washington State are equally likely to have a routine second newborn screening (NBS) test and if there are identifiable factors associated with not having a second test. For many years, the standard of care for NBS in Washington has been that newborns should receive a routine second screening test at age 7–10 days. However, data collected by State Department of Health (DOH) staff for the past several years indicate that only about 80% of newborns receive a routine second NBS test. The data presented here suggest that identifiable factors (i.e., barriers) exist in accessing a routine second NBS test in Washington. Increased educational efforts targeting certain high-risk infants, their parents/caretakers, and primary care providers are apparently needed to ensure equal access to a routine second test. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Precursor Products Found in Formaldehyde-fixed Lysates of BHK-21 Cells Infected with Pseudorabies Virus

Abstract Lysates of BHK-21 cells, infected with pseudorabies and labeled with 3H-thymidine, were treated with formaldehyde and centrifuged in preformed CsCl gradients. Five peaks, designated bands A to E, were detected and shown to contain the following virus-specific products: band A, aggregates of virions; band B, virions; band C, empty capsids and nucleocapsids; bands D and E, small nucleoid-like particles. All five bands contained viral deoxyribonucleic acid and virous-specific antigens. Deoxyribonuclease treatment of the lysates before centrifugation resulted in the complete loss of 3H-thymidine-labeled material from bands D and E; bands B and C were unaffected. Pulse-chase studies showed that 3H-thymidine can be rapidly chased into the virus-specific products sedimenting in bands D and E. Further chase resulted in the gradual loss of label from bands D and E with a concomitant increase in the amount of label in bands A, B, and C. These results indicate that the virus-specific products in bands D and E are precursors of pseudorabies virions and may represent the nucleoid of the virion.
Special issue on basic and clinical research for pain and its management and acupuncture studies

This special issue mainly focuses on two topics: 1) pain and its management; and 2) acupuncture studies. As we know, pain is complicated physical condition, it can be triggered by both nerve system and psychological reasons. It is classified as acute pain (pain lasting less than three months) and chronic pain (pain lasting longer than three months). Acute pain begins suddenly and is usually the result of a clearly defined cause such as an injury. Chronic pain, also known as neuropathic pain, is caused by nerve damage...
Resistance in Tobacco to the Tobacco Hornworm

Approximately 1500 entries of Nicotiana tabacum L. were screened from 1971–78 for resistance to Manduca sexta (L.). Most tobacco entries sustained severe injury from tobacco hookworm feeding; however, 14 entries were found to have a moderate degree of resistance. These included 3 crosses of Tobacco Introduction (Ti) 1112 with Ti 7, McNair 944, and Speight G-28. The other 11 entries were Ti 1112, Ti 1124, Ti 165, Ti 1232, Ti 1417, Ti 263, Ti 113, Ti 1275, Ti 189, Ti 1324, and Ti 1309.
Nonlinearity of cationic aromatic amine sorption to aluminosilicates and soils: role of intermolecular cation-π interactions.

Through the study of substituted anilines and benzylamines, we demonstrated that cooperative cation−π, π–π, and van der Waals interactions can increase aromatic cationic amine sorption to Na/Ca-montmorillonite well beyond the extent expected by cation exchange alone. Cationic amines exhibiting cooperative interactions displayed nonlinear S-shaped isotherms and increased affinity for the sorbent at low surface coverage; parallel cation exchange and cooperative interactions were noted above a sorption threshold of 0.3–2.3% of exchange sites occupied. Our experiments revealed the predominance of intermolecular cation−π interactions, which occurred between the π system of a compound retained on the surface via cation exchange and the cationic amine group of an adjacent molecule. Compounds with greater amine charge/area and electron-donating substituents that allowed for greater electron density at the center of the aromatic ring showed a greater potential for cation−π interactions on montmorillonite surfaces....
Effects of Shen Yuan Dan Capsule on ET,NOS and AngII in Rats with Artery Endothelium Injury

Objective: Shen Yuan Dan(SYD) was composed under the direction of supplementing the vital energy and promoting the blood circulation.In this study we were going to observe its effects on the serum level of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the plasma levels of endothelin(ET) and Angiotensin II(ANG II) in the rats with artery endothelium injury.Methods: The thoracic aorta endothelial cells injured rat models were established by catheter pull and high effusion injury.Then the effects of SYD capsule on ET,NOS and ANG II in rats with artery endothelium injury were investigated.Results: ET: Compared with normal control group(NCG),the plasma level of ET in pathology model group(PMG) increased significantly and there was a difference in statistics,P0.01;SYD could inhibit the levels of ET from increasing notably,P0.01.NOS:Compared with NCG,the levels of serous NOS in other groups all increased,P0.05,P0.01;But there was no significant difference between SYD groups and PMG.ET/NOS: Compared with NCG,the blood level of ET/NOS increased significantly in PMG and there was a difference in statistics,P0.01;SYD could restrain the increasing level of ET/NOS more lower than the PMG,P0.01.ANG II: Compared with NCG,plasma ANG II in PMG tended to increase,however there was no significant difference between the two groups, P0.05;Compared with PMG,SYD could lower the plasma level of ANG II,P0.05,P0.01.Conclusion: This study showed that SYD could adjust the levels of ET/NOS and ANG II,and we can infer from it that SYD has a protection effect in vas endothelium injury.
Contact Characteristics Analysis of Combination Frame of Forging Press Under Two Conditions

Taking a forging press as research object,relationship between the magnitude of interference and preload w as determined by method of interference fit based on the ANSYS softw are.By analyzing the gap coefficient,contact state,contact pressure,tensile stress of dangerous tension rod and bending deformation of column,the effects of preload and eccentricity on the contact characteristics of combination frame w ere analyzed for the upsetting(condition 1) and draw ing out(condition 2) in processes of forging and pressing.The results show that the condition of draw ing out is more dangerous than that of the upsetting,and the gap coefficient should meet the follow ing criteria: the contact area betw een the top rail and column greater than 0.5 and the gap coefficient β≤2.3.The results may provide a theory basis for structure design of forging press.
A Study on A Classification Method of Remote Sensing Combined Stratified Classification with Supervised Classification

The technology of remote sensing image classification is the main means of LUCC research. The stratified classification is a method based on the idea of division of layers step by step and different criteria and methods in each layer; while the supervised classification highlights traditional statistical and analytic approach, which is a mature algorithm, simple and convenient as well as easily being operated. Combining these two methods is to establish a compound classification model which is tested in SPOT image. The result shows that this method can effectively improve precision of classification. In detail, compared with supervised classification method, the result from compound method improves 8.41% of the precision.
Partial Discharge Characteristics of Gas-gap Defect within Insulator in GIS on UHF Method

In order to analysis and assessment partial discharge harmful levels aroused by basin-type insulators in GIS,the test level of partial discharge is improved,have designed insulator model within a single gas-gap. It have measured PD signals by UHF and obtained PD initial voltage,extinction voltage and PD signal waveform.Compared the characteristic of PD spectrum,the process of the development of gas-gap discharge and variation in different electric field are analyzed. The PD mechanism combined test with gas-gap discharge theory is discussed.The result show that: as the voltage changes,PD increased by the gas-gap insulator appeared different stage characteristics. The results have a significance to the withstand voltage test and defects recognition in GIS.
The prevention of fire during oropharyngeal electrosurgery.

We report the results of our study of 25 children who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy under endotracheal general anesthesia with respect to their risk of fire in the oropharynx. We als...
ORDINATION OF CHIRONOMID (DIPTERA : CHIRONOMIDAE) COMMUNITIES CHARACTERIZING HABITATS IN A MINNESOTA PEATLAND

Chironomidae were sampled with emergence traps in fen, swamp forest, and sedge mat plant communities during two summers in order to characterize these habitats on the basis of their insect fauna. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to ordinate chi ronomid taxa, traps, and environmental parameters, including plants, to see whether habitats could be distinguished by their midge fauna as they had already been characterized by their flora. Clusters of traps, plant, and chironomid species produced by the ordination closely re sembled the results of optimal agglomeration and recurrent group analysis which had been performed on plant quadrat data alone. Chironomids are the most abundant insects in wetlands (Judd, 1953, 1958; Wrubleski, 1987) and play an important role in wetland food webs (Batzer et al., 1993; Batzer and Wissinger, 1996). They are a significant food source for waterfowl (Sjoberg and Danell, 1982), particularly as a protein source for hens during egg for mation (Krapu, 1974), and they have been shown to influence the development of mal lard ducks (Street, 1977). The presence of chironomids may even influence whether ducks use particular wetlands (Danell and Sjoberg, 1982; Talent et al., 1982). Despite their reported importance, wetland chironomids are not as well-studied as stream (Boerger, 1981), reservoir (Mundie, 1957; Rosenberg et al., 1984), and lake (Oliver, 1964; Iwakuma, 1992) chironomids. Furthermore, in the semi-terrestrial habitats of peatlands, chironomids have been virtually ignored (Rosenberg et al., 1988). There is a lack of studies at the species level, and often all chironomids are lumped together (Wrubleski, 1987). Knowledge of wetland chironomid communities will increase in importance as restoration ecologists attempt to use them as evaluative criteria. Zedler (1993) has suggested that evaluation of wetland restoration should be based on more than veg etation. Streever et al. (1996) used thirty-four chironomid taxa in their comparison of natural and created wetlands and argued that dipteran larvae are good evaluative criteria because they quickly and efficiently invade new areas. A broader database of the natural wetland fauna would be useful for such evaluations. Distinct chironomid communities have been associated with particular vegetation by Griffiths (1973) and Macan (1965) in moorland ponds, Rosine (1955) on sub merged aquatic plant surfaces, and Streever et al. (1995) in freshwater herbaceous wetlands in central Florida. This study attempts to describe the habitat-specific spa tial patterns of midge and plant communities in a small Minnesota peatland, and to compare that description with previous multivariate analyses of the vegetation. E-mail: rlammer@luc.edu Accepted for publication 2 December 1997. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.184 on Sun, 10 Apr 2016 04:17:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 71, ISSUE 4 415
Locality preserving non-negative basis learning with graph embedding

The high dimensionality of connectivity networks necessitates the development of methods identifying the connectivity building blocks that not only characterize the patterns of brain pathology but also reveal representative population patterns. In this paper, we present a non-negative component analysis framework for learning localized and sparse sub-network patterns of connectivity matrices by decomposing them into two sets of discriminative and reconstructive bases. In order to obtain components that are designed towards extracting population differences, we exploit the geometry of the population by using a graph-theoretical scheme that imposes locality-preserving properties as well as maintaining the underlying distance between distant nodes in the original and the projected space. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by applying it to two clinical studies using connectivity matrices derived from DTI to study a population of subjects with ASD, as well as a developmental study of structural brain connectivity that extracts gender differences.
High Resolution X-Ray Spectra from the Alcator Tokamak

In fusion-type plasmas the electron and ion temperatures in the central core of the plasma are in the KeV region and the electron density is around 1014 cm-3. The magnetically confined plasma from a Tokamak is produced by compression of hydrogen or deuterium gas, which in the hot plasma is fully ionized. Interaction of the plasma with the wall causes a flow of impurity ions to enter the plasma region where the ions will be only partially stripped by collisions with electrons and other ions and can therefore cause major radiation losses. The characteristic radiation from these ions falls in the x-ray region and carries information on the atomic processes and plasma properties of the central core. It is therefore of vital importance to diagnose the plasma by studying the x-ray and temperature spectra of the emitted x-rays.
Contralateral osteotomy of the pedicle and posterolateral elements for en bloc resection: a technique for oncological resection of posterolateral spinal tumors

En bloc resection of tumors involving the spinal column is technically challenging and is associated with high morbidity to the patient due to the proximity of critical neurological and vascular structures and the destabilizing nature of this surgery. Nevertheless, evidence has shown improved progression-free survival with en bloc resection for certain low-grade malignant and aggressive benign musculoskeletal tumors. To avoid the morbidity of en bloc spondylectomy in patients with tumors localized to the lateral and posterolateral spinal column, the authors have found that the goals of surgery can be accomplished through a contralateral osteotomy of the pedicle and posterolateral elements for en bloc resection (COPPER). They reviewed their series of 5 patients who underwent successful tumor removal through a COPPER approach. These patients were all found to harbor spinal column tumors involving the posterolateral elements that, based on pathology, would benefit from en bloc resection. Tumor pathology included chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteoblastoma, and liposarcoma. Resections were performed by completing ipsilateral facetectomies above and below the lesion and ipsilateral pedicle osteotomies from a contralateral approach following hemilaminectomy. By disarticulating the posterolateral elements while carefully protecting the thecal sac, the tumors were removed en bloc along with the affected lamina, pedicles, pars interarticularis, and spinous processes, allowing tumor-free margins. This technical report suggests that the COPPER approach is safe and effective for en bloc resection of tumors involving the posterolateral aspect of the spinal column with tumor-free margins and that it eliminates the need for anterior column reconstruction.
Advanced antenna array designs for directional networks

With the growing interest in directional wireless communications networks, there has been significant demand for advanced antenna array designs that combine high gain and broadband performance together with low cost and light weight characteristics. This paper analyzes and compares the performance of two new antenna array designs including a 4×8 right hand circularly polarized long slot antenna array and a 4×8 dual fed stacked patch antenna array, over the 4–6 GHz and 4.5–5 GHz band, respectively. The radiation characteristics were compared in terms of bandwidth, beamwidth, gain and axial ratio. Both antenna arrays have favorable axial ratio (<1.8 dB) over their bands with average measured gain of 17 dB and 18 dB. The arrays were combined with a recently developed compact Butler matrix, and measured beam directions were all in well agreement with simulation results.
FYVE Domains in Membrane Trafficking and Cell Signaling

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural basis of a specialized zinc finger that binds PtdIns 3-phosphate [PI(3)P], termed the FYVE domain, and the roles played by several proteins harboring this motif in membrane trafficking and cell signaling. The recruitment of cytoplasmic proteins to specific membrane compartments is important for a diverse spectrum of cellular processes including intracellular protein trafficking, cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling, actin cytoskeleton organization and apoptosis. The identification of the FYVE domain as a specific PI(3)P binding motif has significantly impacted the field of membrane trafficking and shed light on additional cellular functions of PI(3)P. Through localization studies of the FYVE domain using both conventional light microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy, PI(3)P has been found to exist in endosomal membranes, on intralumenal vesicles contained within MVBs, autophagosomes, and in vacuolar/lysosomal membranes. Recent studies indicate that another lipid binding motif, the PX domain, specifically recognizes PI(3)P. Further studies are required to determine the validity of this concept and whether this is a general principle or may only apply to a certain subset of FYVE-domain containing proteins.
CorrigendumCorrigendum to “Dichloroacetate toxicokinetics and disruption of tyrosine catabolism in B6C3F1 mice: dose–response relationships and age as a modifying factor”: [Toxicology 173 (2002) 229–247]

PII of original article S0300-483X(02)00034-3. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-509-376-5031; fax: +1-509-376-9449. E-mail addresses: ir schultz@pnl.gov (I.R. Schultz), jim.merdink@lcresources.com (J.L. Merdink), agonzalezl@cascabel.ciad.mx (A. Gonzalez-Leon), rjrdbull2@bossig.com (R.J. Bull). 1 LC Resources, 3138 N.E., Rivergate Drive, Building 301C, McMinnevillie, OR 97128, USA. 2 CIAD. A.C.-DTAOV, Km. 0.5 Carr. A La Victotia, Apdo. Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 83000, USA. 3 MoBull Consulting, 8382 Gage Boulevard, Suite O, Box 511, Kennewick, WA 99336, USA.
A Study of the Impact of Base Traditional Learners on Transfer Learning Algorithms

A transfer learning environment is characterized by not having sufficient labeled training data from the domain of interest (target domain) to build a high-performing machine learner. Transfer lear...
Instructional characteristics of online continuing education courses.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the instructional characteristics of online continuing dental education courses on the World Wide Web. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred fifty-seven online courses offered by 32 providers were reviewed for 34 criteria. RESULTS: Courses of various types spanned a variety of topics. Approximately half of all courses offered continuing dental education credit. The relationship between credit hours and course length was quite variable. Most courses consisted of text and images. Very few courses used advanced media such as video clips. Measured against an index of instructional quality developed for this study, the instructional quality of the courses, in general, was poor. Most for-credit courses contained self-assessment questions, but only 28% of courses scored the questions online. Basic information that was missing on many courses included the authors' names (29%); the intended audience (81%); goals and objectives (77%); and references (85%). In 47% of the courses, there was no opportunity to provide feedback to either the author or the provider. CONCLUSION: The theoretical advantages of Web-based continuing dental education are numerous, but the currently available online resources are mostly of unacceptable quality.
GAUGE-INDEPENDENT QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS.

We present a classical theory of the interaction of a spinor field with the electromagnetic field in which the potentials enter only implicitly through the Maxwell tensor. This theory differs from previous ones in that it is both manifestly covariant under Lorentz transformations and local in time. We then carry out the quantization without a need to introduce special terms or an indefinite metric, and proceed to formulate the perturbation expansion of theS-matrix.
Inhuman Traffick: The International Struggle against the Transatlantic Slave Trade; A Graphic History, by Rafe Blaufarb and Liz Clarke

(2018). Inhuman Traffick: The International Struggle against the Transatlantic Slave Trade; A Graphic History, by Rafe Blaufarb and Liz Clarke. African Historical Review: Vol. 50, “Bantustan States”, pp. 178-180.
Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout.

This chapter outlines a general theory of stress termed conservation of resources (COR). It provides an overarching framework to understand the nature of stress as a human phenomenon that is tied to people's experience regardless of the setting or context, be it work, home, hunt, or vacation. COR theory is a basic motivational theory and it is postulated that when this basic motivation is threatened or denied, stress ensues. It may be applied as a theoretical model that explains the etiology of burnout and the processes that are likely to accompany chronic, relatively low-level, work-related stress. COR theory proposes that loss is primary, but let us consider some of the other leading approaches. It suggests that intervention should be based on enhancing resources and eliminating vulnerability to resource loss. A cognitive approach to stress management might act to enhance people's sense of personality hardiness.
Protons versus Photons for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Liver Decompensation and Overall Survival

Purpose Ablative radiation therapy is increasingly being used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting in excellent local control rates; however, patients without evidence of disease progression often die from liver failure. The clinical benefit of proton- over photon-based radiation therapy is unclear. We therefore sought to compare clinical outcomes of proton versus photon ablative radiation therapy in patients with unresectable HCC. Methods and Materials This is a single-institution retrospective study of patients treated during 2008 to 2017 with nonmetastatic, unresectable HCC not previously treated with liver-directed radiation therapy and who did not receive further liver-directed radiation therapy within 12 months after completion of index treatment. The primary outcome, overall survival (OS), was assessed using Cox regression. Secondary endpoints included incidence of non–classic radiation-induced liver disease (defined as increase in baseline Child-Pugh score by ≥2 points at 3 months posttreatment), assessed using logistic regression, and locoregional recurrence, assessed using Fine-Gray regression for competing risks. All outcomes were measured from radiation start date. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. Of 133 patients with median age 68 years and 75% male, 49 (37%) were treated with proton radiation therapy. Proton radiation therapy was associated with improved OS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47; P = .008; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.82). The median OS for proton and photon patients was 31 and 14 months, respectively, and the 24-month OS for proton and photon patients was 59.1% and 28.6%, respectively. Proton radiation therapy was also associated with a decreased risk of non–classic radiation–induced liver disease (odds ratio, 0.26; P = .03; 95% CI, 0.08-0.86). Development of nonclassic RILD at 3 months was associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.83; P Conclusions Proton radiation therapy was associated with improved survival, which may be driven by decreased incidence of posttreatment liver decompensation. Our findings support prospective investigations comparing proton versus photon ablative radiation therapy for HCC.
The market impacts of US uranium import quotas

Abstract This study estimates the impacts of import quotas on US uranium mining and nuclear power generation. Under an import quota that ensures a 25 percent market share for domestic US uranium mining (“25 percent quota”), prices for domestic uranium rise 140 percent. The small share of domestic production, however, limits the increase in average prices paid by civilian nuclear plant owners and operators to 21 percent over the period from 2018 to 2022. As a result, nuclear energy sales decline from $106 million to $369 million per year, corresponding with 0.4 and 1.2 percent of the value of nuclear sales respectively. During the first five years, domestic uranium mining revenues increase $4.4 billion while nuclear energy sales decline $1.2 billion. Finally, our analysis of uranium inventory management behavior suggests that if uranium import quotas were adopted, they should remain in place for a minimum of a decade.
Energy Efficient Scheduling with Task Migration on MPSoC Architectures

Power consumption in the present day embedded systems have become a complicated problem to tackle. With the consumers wanting more powerful devices with high performance demands, the issue of power management has been researched extensively to find better solutions. With the introduction of multiprocessor systems, the problem of power management has been alleviated to a certain degree. However, there is still much more work needed to be done to conserve energy. With this introduction, task migration has taken the spotlight as the multiprocessor architectures allow the tasks to be migrated as demanded to reduce power waste and hot spots of the systems. This paper presents a comprehensive framework that includes task allocation heuristic, a task migration that is based on genetic algorithm and an EDF scheduling scheme to properly schedule the migratable tasks. With our proposed techniques, we have shown a promising increase in the energy savings compared to other methods with task migration in the literature.
Evaluating Endogenous GHB Variation in Hair with a Synthetic Hair Matrix.

The variation in drug concentrations in human head hair from 22 donors was measured using a synthetic hair matrix (SMx™ hair). This matrix is being reported for the first time as a calibrator for an endogenous substance. In comparison to authentic hair or melanin, the synthetic hair provided a reliable batch-to-batch source of liquid matrix similar in composition to authentic hair, but without detectable concentrations of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Using the synthetic matrix for calibrator samples, validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitative method for GHB in human head hair was completed. Validation included the evaluation of the following parameters: accuracy, precision, calibration model, carryover, interferences, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and processed sample stability. The method was valid over a range of 0.4-12 ng/mg, and its LOD and LOQ were both experimentally estimated to be 0.4 ng/mg. After validation, the variation in endogenous GHB concentrations across multiple donors and locations in the vertex posterior region of the human head were evaluated. Results for 11 non-GHB users showed minimal variability (average 3.0% RSD) across the vertex posterior for hair samples taken from three different areas. There was also low variability (average 1.8% RSD) in repeat samples taken from the same location for 11 other non-users. Endogenous GHB concentrations from the LOD/LOQ to 5.60 ng/mg were determined for the 22 donors using the synthetic hair as a calibrator. These results demonstrate the successful application of a synthetic hair matrix in the analysis of GHB in human hair.
Multivariate Linear Models: Applications

This chapter applies the results of Chap. 9 to the one-sample, two-sample, and one-way ANOVA problems. A major tool in MANOVA is profile analysis, which is analogous to performing a split-plot analysis. Profile analysis leads us to the consideration of generalized multivariate linear models (growth curve models, GMANOVA models). Finally, we consider testing for whether a subset of the dependent variables actually provides us with additional information over and above the variables not considered in the subset. In Chap. 12 testing for additional information is seen as an important tool in linear discriminant analysis.
Analysis of Transfusion Volumes in the Elderly Trauma Population

Background: Blood transfusion and old age have been independently associated with worse outcomes and higher mortality in the trauma population. Determining specific volumes and ratios of blood products for the elderly population, a special population with varied hemodynamic responses to traumatic injury, is a challenge. This study was aimed at delineating the relationship between specific transfusion volumes and mortality with an ultimate goal of finding an optimal threshold where risk outweighs benefit. Methods: A retrospective study of data from patients aged 65 and older at a level II urban trauma center was conducted. All patients who were included in the study presented to the emergency department between January 2013 and January 2016 and received a blood product transfusion (n = 93). The primary outcome was defined as mortality 24 h after transfusion, while the secondary outcome measured was length of hospital stay. Optimal cut-off points were estimated using Youden J coefficients, and Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) was performed to calculate mortality risk. Results: Patients receiving less than 5 units of blood product had a shorter length of stay (5.19 days) and decreased risk of mortality (HR = 2.48, P = 0.01). Patients receiving >= 5 units of a blood product had a statistically significant increase in risk of mortality (HR = 6.207, P < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (12.47 days), regardless of injury severity score. The administration of fresh frozen plasma was also an independent predictor of mortality. Patients who received a plasma transfusion had an increased risk of mortality (HR = 3.25, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, a threshold point of greater than 5 units of blood products has been associated with increased mortality and length of hospital stay. A more restrictive transfusion strategy has potential for improved outcomes. J Curr Surg. 2019;9(4):45-50 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcs392
Selenium mass balance and flux in water of Pariette Wetlands, Utah (USA)

Abstract Selenium (Se) has potentially deleterious impacts on flora and fauna of aquatic ecosystems. As Se moves through a wetlands system, various processes such as sorption onto sediments, plant uptake, and volatilization into the atmosphere can attenuate Se resulting in its storage in the wetlands. A comparison of inlet and outlet Se fluxes can be used to determine the mass of Se stored in a wetlands system. Inlet and outlet total Se concentrations and water discharge were measured at the Pariette Wetlands, UT, and used to calculate Se fluxes. The difference between inputs and outputs or fluxes gave great insight into how much Se was being retained or stored in the wetlands. The average influx of Se was 1530 kg year−1 and outflux was 380 kg year−1. On average, 75% (1150 kg year−1) of Se entering the wetlands was retained or stored by some biogeochemical process. Processes associated with Se retention included bioaccumulation into the biota, volatilization by plants and sediments, precipitation of insoluble phases, and sorption to sediments, which accounted for most of the attenuated Se. Water movement through the Pariette Wetlands system did not appreciably alter annual Se attenuation rates. Input, output, storage, and fate of Se for four other wetlands were compared with Pariette Wetlands with Se storage being similar among three of the wetlands: Tulare Lake (65%), Imperial (46%), Brawley (72%), and Pariette (75%).
Will “social distancing” lead to future “research distancing”: A reflection on COVID-19 impacts on Alzheimer's disease research

Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has dramatically altered everyday life, including the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research This perspective article explores some of the ways in which COVID-19 has already impacted the field, anticipates some of the long-lasting effects, and explores strategies for addressing current and future needs Areas of impact include study integrity, regulatory and industry issues, and participant engagement Proposed strategies for addressing these challenges include analytic methods to deal with large degrees of missing data and development of patient-centered, user-friendly, remote data collection tools and assessments We also highlight the importance of maintaining participant well-being as a first and constant priority
Addressing the quality of submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov for registration and results posting: The use of a checklist.

Background:US Federal regulations since the late 1990s have required registration of some clinical trials and submission of results for some of these trials on a public registry, ClinicalTrials.gov...