cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic and physiological characterization of 23S rRNA and ftsJ mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi isolated by mariner transposition

Borrelia burgdorferi contains one 16S rRNA gene and two tandem sets of 23S and 5S rRNA genes located in a single chromosomal region. This unusual rRNA gene organization has been speculated to be involved in the slow growth of this organism. Because we were repeatedly unable to isolate a 23S ribosomal mutant in B. burgdorferi by allelic exchange, we developed a transposition mutagenesis system for this bacterium. To this end, Himar1 transposase is expressed in B. burgdorferi from a resident plasmid containing an erythromycin resistance marker, and this strain is then electroporated with suicide plasmids containing mariner transposons and kanamycin resistance genes expressible in B. burgdorferi. This system permitted us to generate hundreds of erythromycin/kanamycin-resistant B. burgdorferi clones with each of three suicide plasmids. DNA sequencing of several kanamycin-resistant clones generated with one of the suicide plasmids showed stable and random insertion of the transposon into the B. burgdorferi chromosomal and plasmid genome. One mutant was inactivated in rrlA (23S rRNA), another in ftsJ (rrmJ). rrlA disruption had no effect on growth rate under a wide range of culture conditions, but disruption of ftsJ interfered significantly with growth rate and bacterial morphology. These data show it is possible to isolate random and stable B. burgdorferi transposition mutants for physiological analysis of this pathogenic spirochete.
A vanishing viscosity approach on the dynamics of phase transitions in Van Der Waals fluids

Abstract The existence of solutions for the Riemann problem of a mixed type system is established by a vanishing similarity viscosity approach. The solutions that we construct are also admissible by the travelling wave criterion derived from the most common form of viscosity. The assumption needed includes the constitutive function of van der Waals fluids.
Survey of Publication Outlets in Early Childhood Education: Descriptive Data, Review Processes, and Advice to Authors

Publishing outlets in the field of early childhood vary widely in terms of emphasis on theory, practice, and research as they relate to the care and education of the very young; these outlets also have different readerships (i.e., primarily for teachers, the teachers of their teachers, or the fellow scholars/researchers). Included in the mixture of publications in the early childhood field are two broad categories: (1) professional magazines that are intended primarily for an audience of practitioners and (2) journals that are intended primarily for college students, teacher education faculty, and researchers. This article begins with a discussion of the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits of publishing for the early childhood professional as well as some of the impediments to scholarship in the field. It then surveys 24 different publishing outlets in early childhood education and provides descriptive data on each magazine or journal. Next, it explains the anonymous peer review process that is used to evaluate journal articles. The article concludes with practical advice to authors seeking to publish in the early childhood field.
Effects of substituted phenylethylamines on blowfly feeding behavior

Abstract 1. 1. The pharmacology of adult Phormia regina (Meigen) feeding behavior was explored by injecting candidate drugs into starved blowflies and then determining their responsiveness to aqueous sucrose, via the proboscis extension reflex. 2. 2. d -Amphetamine caused responsiveness to fall dramatically, while related drugs and biogenic amines had varying effects. 3. 3. When d -amphetamine-treated flies were fed 1 M sucrose, they consumed significantly more than control flies. 4. 4. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that the responses of tarsal sugar receptor neurons to aqueous sucrose were not significantly altered by d -amphetamine. 5. 5. These observations are compatible with our hypothesis that octopamine positively modulates blowfly feeding behavior and suggest that other aromatic biogenic amines affect feeding behavior in this insect.
Considerations in the Design of a Goto Logical System

The general requirements for the clock generator can now be listed as follows: 1. Circuitry must be radiation resistant. 2. A single source generator should be used. 3. The circuitry should be such that; a. The initial voltage rise can be controlled. b. The plus and minus voltages are mirror images. c. The magnitude of the voltage is very accurately controlled at the time information is transferred to the next stage. The data in the next section were taken using a clock generator which was designed to meet these requirements.
Biochemistry: Molecular cloaking devices.

Protease enzymes cut other proteins into pieces, but some can be blocked by inhibitors. One such inhibitor binds to the substrate rather than the enzyme, suggesting a new tactic for drug discovery.
Effect of fixed time delay on stability and performance of actively controlled civil engineering structures

In this paper, a state-of-the-art review for the fixed time delay of actively controlled civil engineering structures is presented, including the identification of time delay, the effect of time delay on the stability and performance of the controlled structures, and the evaluation of the critical time delay. In particular, a critical review of the stability analysis methods currently available for the critical time delay of Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) systems is conducted and new simulation results are presented to show its limitation in practical applications. Further, a method of stability analysis for the critical time delay of MDOF systems equipped with single or multiple actuators is presented along with the simulation results to demonstrate its applications to seismic hazard mitigations. Under earthquake excitations, simulation results for the structural response indicate that the degradation of the control performance due to the fixed time delay is not significant until the time delay is close to the critical time delay. It is further demonstrated that the time-delay problem is more serious for structures with closely spaced vibrational modes, such as a building equipped with an active tuned mass damper. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women in the profession

SIR, — The increase in the numbers of women in the veterinary and other professions, as discussed at bva Congress and reported in The Veterinary Record (October 14, 2006, vol 159, pp 501, 505-506), has hardly come as a surprise. It was predicted 12 years ago that the veterinary profession would
Transformation through health teaching for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a qualitative study.

Abstract Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities have medical conditions similar to those among the general population but with more complex presentation, a extended life expectancy...
Quality of life issues in individuals with spinal cord injury

Assessments of quality of life (QOL) are increasingly used in rehabilitation, embracing a number of conceptual approaches and measurement tools. Very few studies on QOL have addressed the specific needs of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Literature reviewed here describes 2 meta-analytical studies on SCI as well as several individual studies that focus on predictors and correlates of QOL applied to SCI. Results from a unique study on QOL after SCI using a qualitative methodology are also discussed. In addition, we describe the findings from another study, which used the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey to assess QOL and relate it to the concept of being disabled.
Lipid A biosynthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum: Role of a 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate-activated 4′ phosphatase

Abstract Lipid A from several strains of the N2-fixing bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum displays significant structural differences from Escherichia coli lipid A, one of which is the complete absence of phosphate groups. However, the first seven enzymes of E. coli lipid A biosynthesis, leading from UDP-GlcNAc to the phosphorylated intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate (Kdo2)-lipid IVA, are present in R. leguminosarum. We now describe a membrane-bound phosphatase in R. leguminosarum extracts that removes the 4' phosphate of Kdo2-lipid IVA. The 4' phosphatase is selective for substrates containing the Kdo domain. It is present in extracts of R. leguminosarum biovars phaseoli, viciae, and trifolii but is not detectable in E. coli and Rhizobium meliloti. A nodulation-defective strain (24AR) of R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii, known to contain a 4' phosphatase residue on its lipid A, also lacks measurable 4' phosphatase activity. The Kdo-dependent 4' phosphatase appears to be a key reaction in a pathway for generating phosphate-deficient lipid A.
Advanced Technology Program: investing in new ideas, new technologies, and new markets

The Advanced Technology Program (ATP), an agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce's Technology Administration and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, provides co-funding to industry for high-risk/high-payoff applied research. Companies of any size may apply, and universities or governmental research institutions may partner with industry in ATP projects. Since its inception, the ATP has participated in 468 projects, representing $3B of total industry/government investment. U.S. industry has indicated that ATP has a significant role to play in the area of high throughput RD to validate new and existing measurement methods and models using parallel or high throughput approaches; and to demonstrate application of HT methods to new materials and RD and to develop new standards addressing systems integration issues. The ATP is co-funding research at the NIST MSL in key areas.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Frequent Mutation of BAP1 in Metastasizing Uveal Melanomas

Metastasis is a defining feature of malignant tumors and is the most common cause of cancer-related death, yet the genetics of metastasis are poorly understood. We used exome capture coupled with massively parallel sequencing to search for metastasis-related mutations in highly metastatic uveal melanomas of the eye. Inactivating somatic mutations were identified in the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) on chromosome 3p21.1 in 26 of 31 (84%) metastasizing tumors, including 15 mutations causing premature protein termination and 5 affecting its ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase domain. One tumor harbored a frameshift mutation that was germline in origin, thus representing a susceptibility allele. These findings implicate loss of BAP1 in uveal melanoma metastasis and suggest that the BAP1 pathway may be a valuable therapeutic target.
Growth and Neurobehavioral Development of Infant Baboons Exposed Prenatally to Increase Uterine Myometrial Activity

Growth and Neurobehavioral Development of Infant Baboons Exposed Prenatally to Increase Uterine Myometrial Activity
ABSENCE OF 1/f SPECTRA IN DOW JONES DAILY AVERAGE

The power spectrum of the daily Dow Jones industrial average is calculated. It has been shown that the spectrum is P(f) ~1/f1.8, very close to that of the random walk series (1/f2 noise). In contrast to some previous belief, the Dow Jones index as well as other stock prices time series are not 1/f noise. The distribution of the daily change of the Dow Jones industrial average is also calculated. Several fittings of the distribution are carried out (for both the price change and the logarithm of the price change). It has been observed that the occurrence of the big loss on Black Monday (negative change of 508) does not fit the distribution of the smaller price fluctuations (e.g., smaller than 100). This lack of scaling for the frequency of occurrence from the large stock price losses to small price fluctuations can be compared with the much better scaling law in the frequency of occurrence for global earthquakes.
A Developmental Perspective on Community Service in Adolescence

A substantial number of U.S. adolescents currently participate in community service and there is increased national interest in service programs. This article assesses the assumption of developmental benefits to service participants by critically reviewing 44 empirical studies. It offers a theoretical framework for understanding the findings by connecting them to identity development and delineating three pertinent concepts: agency, social relatedness, and moral-political awareness. These concepts are applied to studies that investigate: (1) the characteristics and motivations of participants, (2) the effects of service, and (3) the process of service. The findings support the conclusion that service activities which provide opportunities for intense experiences and social interactions are often associated with prasocial development. The findings also point to the need for more studies focused on particular service programs and on relationships between service providers and those served.
Intervention of PKC-θ as an immunosuppressive regimen

PKC-θ is selectively enriched in T cells and specifically translocates to immunological synapse where it mediates critical T cell receptor signals required for T cell activation, differentiation and survival. T cells deficient in PKC-θ are defective in their ability to differentiate into inflammatory effector cells that mediate actual immune responses whereas, their differentiation into regulatory T cells (Treg) that inhibits the inflammatory T cells is enhanced. Therefore, the manipulation of PKC-θ activity can shift the ratio between inflammatory effector T cells and inhibitory Tregs, to control T cell-mediated immune responses that are responsible for autoimmunity and allograft rejection. Indeed, PKC-θ deficient mice are resistant to the development of several Th2 and Th17-dependent autoimmune diseases and are defective in mounting alloimmune responses required for rejection of transplanted allografts and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Selective inhibition of PKC-θ is therefore considered as a potential treatment for prevention of autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection.
19-Acetylenic-deoxycorticosterone inhibits 19-hydroxylase and 11β-hydroxylase activities in dispersed bovine zona fasciculata cells

19-Acetylenic-deoxycorticosterone (19-A-DOC) is believed to be a competitive irreversible inhibitor of the synthesis of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (19-nor-DOC), a potent mineralocorticoid implicated in some forms of human and animal hypertension. It has been shown to inactivate 11β/19-hydroxylase in hamster adrenal mitochondria. Dispersed bovine zona fasciculata cells were incubated for one hour with 1.5 × 10−8 M ACTH and 0, 1, 10, or 100 μM 19-A-DOC and tritiated deoxycorticosterone (DOC) substrate. Steroids were separated using two sequential thin-layer chromatography systems and their tritium content was counted and corrected for recovery. The 19-A-DOC decreased synthesis of 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, the precursor of 19-nor-DOC. The inhibitor also impaired 11-hydroxylation of DOC to form corticosterone. The data suggest that 19-A-DOC is an effective inhibitor of 11β/19-hydroxylase activity in dispersed bovine adrenal cells.
microRNA and stem cell function

The identification and characterization of stem cells for various tissues has led to a greater understanding of development, tissue maintenance, and cancer pathology. Stem cells possess the ability to divide throughout their life and to produce differentiated daughter cells while maintaining a population of undifferentiated cells that remain in the stem cell niche and that retain stem cell identity. Many cancers also have small populations of cells with stem cell characteristics. These cells have been called cancer stem cells and are a likely cause of relapse in cancer patients. Understanding the biology of stem cells and cancer stem cells offers great promise in the fields of regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and are considered crucial for proper stem cell maintenance and function. miRNAs have also been strongly implicated in the development and pathology of cancer. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of various stem cell types, including cancer stem cells, and the importance of miRNAs therein.
Quantification and imaging of myocardial sodium and creatine kinase metabolites.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the body's basic energy currency. It provides energy for muscular contraction in the heart, and for sodium ion transport from the intra-celhflar to the extra-celhflar pools, which is basic to cell function and integrity. The ATP is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation, and, during periods of myocardial ischemia, via the creatine kinase (CK) reaction: phosphocreatine (PCr) + adenosine diphosphate (ADP)+--,ATP+creatine (Cr). Under ischemic conditions in the heart, the reservoir of PCr available for maintaining ATP is limited and the consumption of PCr reduces its level [1]. Depending on the severity of ischemia, total depletion of PCr may occur locally, and ATP levels will decline. The failing energy reserve eventually results in a decline in sodium pump function, and consequently, the concentration gradient between the intra-cellutar and extra-cellular sodium decreases [2]. To the extent that the extra-cellular sodium concentration can be buffered by the blood pool, the rise in intra-cellular sodium can result in an increase in total tissue sodium. If ischemia persists and membrane integrity is lost, CK metabolites can leak into the blood pool providing clinical evidence of myocardial infarction via serum CK enzyme analysis. Meanwhile, locally in the injured tissue, the CK metabolites are depleted and the intraand extra-cellular sodium concentrations equilibrate [1,2].
Guidelines for resident teaching experiences

Postgraduate year one (PGY1) and postgraduate year two (PGY2) residencies serve to develop pharmacists into skillful clinicians who provide advanced patient-centered care in various general and specialized areas of pharmacy practice. Pharmacy residencies are a minimum requirement for many clinical pharmacy positions, as well as for positions in academia. The role of clinical pharmacists typically includes teaching, regardless of whether they pursue an academic appointment. Common teaching duties of pharmacist-clinicians include giving continuing education or other invited presentations, providing education to colleagues regarding clinical initiatives, precepting pharmacy students (early and advanced experiences) and residents, and educating other health care professionals. Although ASHP provides accreditation standards for PGY1 and PGY2 residencies, the standards pertaining to teaching or education training are vague. Through the years, teaching certificate programs that develop residents' teaching skills and better prepare residents for a diverse pharmacy job market have increased in popularity; moreover, teaching certificate programs serve as an attractive recruitment tool. However, the consistency of requirements for teaching certificate programs is lacking, and standardization is needed. The Task Force on Residencies developed two sets of guidelines to define teaching experiences within residencies. The first guideline defines the minimum standards for teaching experiences in any residency-training program. The second guideline is for programs offering a teaching certificate program to provide standardization, ensuring similar outcomes and quality on program completion. One of the main differences between the guidelines is the recommendation that residency programs offering a teaching certificate program be affiliated with an academic institution to provide the pedagogy and variety of teaching experiences for the resident. Residency program directors should consider adopting these guidelines to offer consistent teaching experiences. In addition, residents should inquire about the elements of teaching in a program as an aid to selecting the training best suited to their needs.
FUNCTIONAL ANALOGS OF HEME PROTEIN ACTIVE SITES

This article summarizes my research in biomimetic chemistry on the design and study of functional models for the active sites of metalloproteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome c oxid...
Modafinil effects on reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in a rat model of relapse.

Rationale Modafinil (Provigil®) is a wake-promoting drug characterized by cognitive enhancing abilities. Recent clinical data have supported the use of modafinil for treatment of chronic psychostimulant addiction and relapse prevention.
Oxidation of methanol over iron oxide based aerogels in supercritical CO2

Abstract The oxidation of methanol over iron oxide on silica or molybdenum aerogels using supercritical CO 2 as the carrier was investigated for iron oxide content from 1 to 20 wt%. A pure iron oxide aerogel was also prepared. Partial oxidation products of dimethyl ether, methyl formate, or formaldehyde were found between 200 to 300°C. Selectivity was influenced by the catalyst used. Pure iron oxide favored dimethyl ether, low levels of iron oxide on silica favored methyl formate, and iron oxide on molybdenum favored formaldehyde. Results demonstrate the feasibility of aerogels as model catalyst systems for reactions in supercritical fluids.
Surface characterization and friction of a bio-inspired reversible adhesive tape

A polyvinylsilixane sample fabricated to replicate biological attachment systems consisting of microscale pillars (about 230/mm2) approximately 50 μm in diameter, 70 μm in height, and 60 μm center-to-center was characterized for surface roughness, friction force, and contact angle and compared to an unstructured sample. Macroscale coefficient of kinetic friction of the structured sample was found to be almost four times greater than the unstructured sample. This increase was determined to be a result of the structured roughness of the sample and not the random nanoroughness. The structured roughness also increased the hydrophobicity of the structured sample, which is important for self cleaning to occur.
Automatic generation of object recognition programs

Issues and techniques are discussed to automatically compile object and sensor models into a visual recognition strategy for recognizing and locating an object in three-dimensional space from visual data. Automatic generation of recognition programs by compilation, in an attempt to automate this process, is described. An object model describes geometric and photometric properties of an object to be recognized. A sensor model specifies the sensor characteristics in predicting object appearances and variations of feature values. It is emphasized that the sensors, as well as objects, must be explicitly modeled to achieve the goal of automatic generation of reliable and efficient recognition programs. Actual creation of interpretation trees for two objects and their execution for recognition from a bin of parts are demonstrated. >
A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO JOB CLASSIFICATION FOR PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PURPOSES

This paper illustrates a methodological approach to classifying jobs for the purpose of developing performance evaluation instruments. The approach was to administer a worker-oriented job inventory to 2,023 incumbents across several jobs and several levels of responsibility (rank) in the U. S. Coast Guard. The data from the job inventory were then analyzed using Tucker's Three-Mode Factor Analysis. Output from the three-mode factor analysis was used to identify combinations of jobs and ranks for which separate appraisal instruments could be developed. In addition, output from the three-mode factor analysis was used to suggest the content of the various appraisal instruments. Advantages, applications, and limitations of this approach are discussed.
Structural basis of inhibitor affinity to variants of human carbonic anhydrase II

The activities and structures of certain L198 variants of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) have been reported recently [Krebs, J. F., Rana, F., Dluhy, R. A., & Fierke, C. A. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 4496-4505; Nair, S. K., & Christianson, D. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 4506-4514]. In order to understand the structural basis of enzyme-inhibitor affinity, we now report the dissociation rate and equilibrium constants for acetazolamide and dansylamide binding to 13 variants of CAII containing substituted amino acids at position 198. These data indicate that inhibitor affinity is modulated by the hydrophobicity and charge of the 198 side chain. Furthermore, we have determined crystal structures of L198R, L198E, and L198F CAIIs complexed with the transition state analog acetazolamide. The substituted benzyl side chain of L198F CAII does not occlude the substrate association pocket, and it is therefore not surprising that this substitution has minimal effects on catalytic properties and inhibitor binding. Nevertheless, the F198 side chain undergoes a significant conformation change in order to accommodate the binding of acetazolamide; the same behavior is observed for the engineered side chain of L198R CAII. In contrast, the engineered side chain of L198E CAII does not alter its conformation upon inhibitor binding. We conclude that the mobility and hydrophobicity or residue 198 side chains affect enzyme-inhibitor (and enzyme-substrate) affinity, and these structure-function relationships are important for understanding the behavior of carbonic anhydrase isozyme III, which bears a wild-type F198 side chain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distinct and sequential tissue-specific activities of the LIM-class homeobox gene Lim1 for tubular morphogenesis during kidney development

Kidney organogenesis requires the morphogenesis of epithelial tubules. Inductive interactions between the branching ureteric buds and the metanephric mesenchyme lead to mesenchyme-to-epithelium transitions and tubular morphogenesis to form nephrons, the functional units of the kidney. The LIM-class homeobox gene Lim1 is expressed in the intermediate mesoderm, nephric duct, mesonephric tubules, ureteric bud, pretubular aggregates and their derivatives. Lim1-null mice lack kidneys because of a failure of nephric duct formation, precluding studies of the role of Lim1 at later stages of kidney development. Here, we show that Lim1 functions in distinct tissue compartments of the developing metanephros for both proper development of the ureteric buds and the patterning of renal vesicles for nephron formation. These observations suggest that Lim1 has essential roles in multiple steps of epithelial tubular morphogenesis during kidney organogenesis. We also demonstrate that the nephric duct is essential for the elongation and maintenance of the adjacent Mullerian duct, the anlage of the female reproductive tract.
Rapid Solidification and Microstructure Development during Plasma Spray Deposition

Plasma spray processing is a well-established method for forming protective coatings and free-standing shapes from a wide range of alloys and ceramics. The process is complex, involving rapid melting and high-velocity impact deposition of powder particles. Due to the rapid solidification nature of the process, deposit evolution also is complex, commonly leading to ultrafine-grained and metastable microstruc-tures. The properties of a plasma-sprayed deposit are directly related to this complex microstructure. This paper examines the solidification dynamics and the resultant microstructures in an effort to estab-lish a processing/microstructure relationship. Existing models in the literature developed for splat coo-ling have been extended and applied for examining the rapid solidification process during plasma spraying. Microstructural features of the splats that are produced by individual impinging droplets are examined through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The relation of dimensions and mor-phologies of these individual splats to the consolidated deposit microstructure is considered. In addition, the distinguishing features in the solidification and microstructural development between air plasma spraying and vacuum plasma spraying are explored, and a unified model is proposed for splat solidifica-tion and evolution of the microstructure.
Underwater Target Recognition Using Time-Frequency Analysis and Elliptical Fuzzy Clustering Classifications

A novel underwater target recognition approach has been developed based on the use of Wigner-type Time-Frequency (TF) analysis and the elliptical Gustafson-Kessel (GK) clustering algorithm. This method is implemented for the acoustic backscattered signals of the targets, and more precisely from the examination of echo formation mechanisms in the TF plane. For each of the training signals, we generate a clustering distribution which represents the signal’s TF characteristics by a small number of clusters. A feature template is created by combining the clustering distributions for the signals from the same training target. In the classification process, we calculate the clustering distribution of the test signal and compare it with the feature templates. The target is discriminated in terms of the best match of the clustering pattern. The advantages of GK clustering are that it allows elliptical-shaped clusters, and it automatically adjusts their shapes according to the distribution of the TF feature patterns. The recognition scheme has been applied to discriminate four spherical shell targets filled with different fluids. The data sets are the simulated acoustic responses from these targets, including the interferences caused by the seafloor interaction. [J. A. Fawcett, W. L. J. Fox, and A. Maguer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 3296–3304 (1998)]. To evaluate the system robustness, white Gaussian noise is added to the acoustic responses. More than 95% of correct classification is obtained for high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and it is maintained around 70% for very low SNRs.© 2009 ASME
Diversity of Experience, Experience of Diversity Turkish Migrant Youth Culture in Berlin

In public, popular, and scholarly discourses, Turkish migrant youth appear as relentless agents of revitalized Turkishness or Islam in the midst of European modernity. Contrary to this seemingly intuitive assumption, I argue in this article that the manifest diversity of migrant youth cultures is facilitated and authorized by the discursive and institutional resources available to them in Berlin, the metropolis in the making. Particularly significant for the cultural projects of Turkish youths are transnational cultural flows and contemporary discourses of plurality, human rights, and equality, which (en)gender their presence in the public spaces of Berlin and complicate ‘national’ configurations of belonging and conventional conceptions of otherhood.
Spin Effects on the Plasma Oscillations of an Electron Gas in a Magnetic Field

A dispersion relation\char22{}which includes the effects of spin\char22{}for the longitudinal oscillations of an electronic plasma in a magnetic field is calculated. In the long-wavelength and low-temperature limit, explicit formulas for the frequencies are obtained, and it is suggested that the result may be useful for the experimental determination of the product of the electronic $g$ factor and the effective mass.
Effects of mixing on electrical properties of carbon nanofiber and polymer composites

We examined electrical properties of composites of carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in the range of mixing time. An addition of CNFs into LLDPE led to a decrease of electrical resistivity, and the large amounts of CNFs were required to reach the electrical percolation threshold for the longer mixing time. For the research of these phenomena, we examined the effects of mixing time on the size (length) and spatial distributions of CNFs in the composites. SEM micrographs revealed the size reduction of CNFs in a series of mixing times, although the spatial dispersion of CNFs became more uniform at longer mixing time. To describe the reduction of CNFs theoretically, we hypothesize the size distribution of CNFs obeys a governing population balance kinetics based on an irreversible dissolution process. For the process, we proposed a size dependent breakage rate coefficient proportional to the size of CNFs. The model prediction for the time evolution of size distribution of CNFs has been validated with the experimental measurement showing good agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Performance and selectivity of polymeric pseudostationary phases for the electrokinetic separation of amino acid derivatives and peptides

Two polymeric pseudostationary phases, one an acrylamide polymer and the second a siloxane polymer, have been investigated for the separation of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA)-derivatized amino acids and small peptides. The dervatized amino acids were detected by UV absorbance and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The polymers provided very high efficiency and good selectivity for the separation of the amino acids. The separation selectivity using the polymers was significantly different from that of SDS micelles, and there were subtle differences in selectivities between the polymers. Although very good detection limits were obtained with LIF detection, a significant background signal was observed when the polymers were not washed to remove fluorescent impurities. The polymers did not separate the peptides very well. It is postulated that the fixed covalent structure of the polymers prevents them from interacting strongly or efficiently with the peptides, which are large in relation to the analytes typically separated by electrokinetic chromatography using polymers.
Change in Impedance with Change in Posture during Spinal Cord Stimulator Placement

In this article we discuss the effect of posture on impedance during the placement of a spinal cord stimulator. Although, according to several studies, there appears not to be a specific and consistent change in impedance with change in posture, we noticed on multiple occasions that if the impedance remains very high during spinal cord stimulator (SCS) lead placement, asking the patient to sit up from the prone position may drop the impedance down. This could be explained by having air around the lead, from using loss of resistance to air technique in finding the epidural space, which moves up when sitting the patient up, or having the lead immersed in epidural fat. Sitting the patient up from the prone position should be tried if the impedance remains very high before aborting the procedure and taking the lead out.
Evidence-based treatment of paralytic dysphonia: making sense of outcomes and efficacy data

The criteria used to determine the success or failure of a given treatment for vocal fold paralysis are fundamental components of routine clinical practice and treatment outcomes research for the surgeon and voice therapist. The purpose of this article is to offer a guide to the critical interpretation of available measures of out-come and efficacy for this patient population. Such data form the basis for the practice of evidence-based medicine and voice therapy,essential if the standard of care is to evolve to the benefit of the patient. A better understanding of the potentials and limitations of each measure is important for treatment planning and patient counseling and, ultimately, for the conception of future well-designed clinical research. The complex issues regarding outcomes measurement are addressed here within the context of current treatment literature on vocal fold paralysis. Particular emphasis is placed on realistic data gathering within clinical practice.
Magnetic Graphene Nanoplatelet Composites toward Arsenic Removal

aIntegrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA cDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA dMicroscopy and Imaging Center and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France. By Brett Rushforth. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. Pp. x, 406. $39.95.)

New France remained so underdeveloped at the end of the seventeenth century that the province's elite began begging African slave traders to visit their distant ports (at least by 1688) and trying ...
Perspectives on Hypersonic Viscous Flow Research

Issues and advances in current hypersonic flow research perceived to be of interest in theoretical fluid/gas dynamics are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the hypersonic aircraft as waverider, computational methods and theoretical development in the study of viscous interaction, and boundary-layer instability and transition studies. In the present framework the study of viscous hypersonic flow faces transition problems of two kinds which represent the two major areas of current research: the turbulence transition in the high Re range and the transition to the free-molecule limit.
Living Between the Binary: A Review of: “Intersex. By Catherine Harper.”

Intersex, published in 2007, reviews the available research and current thinking on raising intersexed individuals. The book also portrays interviews with intersexed individuals and their families....
Progressive Mucinous Histiocytosis

Progressive mucinous histiocytosis is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis limited to the skin. A total of ten cases, all women, in four families, and one sporadic case have been described in the English literature. The disorder usually begins in childhood and progresses slowly. We report two sporadic cases of adult-onset progressive mucinous histiocytosis in unrelated African American women, age 48 and 55 years old respectively, who developed red-brown and flesh-colored, asymptomatic papules on the face, arms and legs without truncal, mucosal or visceral involvement. The lesions show no spontaneous regression. Both patients lack associated systemic symptoms including polyuria, polydipsia or seizures. There is no underlying hyperlipidemia, paraproteinemia or lymphoproliferative disease. No family history of similar lesions can be identified. Light microscopy reveals dermal proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes with abundant mucin deposition. Electron microscopy demonstrates a high number of myelin-figures or zebra bodies in the cytoplasm of histiocytes. On immunohistochemistry, positive staining with macrophage markers CD68, HAM56 and lysozyme, and Factor XIIIa, a transglutaminase present in dermal dendrocytes, and negative staining with Langerhans cell markers CD1a and S100, and CD34, a marker present in dermal dendritic cells derived from uncommitted mesenchymal cells, are observed.
Determination of Flicker Transfer Coefficients Near Large Synchronous Generators

Large disturbing loads such as electric arc furnaces (EAF) create fluctuations in source voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). These voltage fluctuations then propagate throughout the power system with varying degrees of attenuation. The amount of attenuation is, in general, a function of system impedance and load composition, and can be characterized by what is known as a flicker transfer coefficient. The frequency response of synchronous generators near 60 Hz has a significant effect on flicker propagation, particularly in networked HV or EHV systems. To date, information available in the literature has not adequately described this phenomenon from a theoretical perspective or shown how to take this affect into consideration when computing flicker transfer coefficients. The following paper addresses these issues by: 1) providing a formal description of a synchronous generator model that can be used to determine flicker transfer coefficients when traditional modeling methods may not be appropriate and 2) providing a novel way of calculating flicker transfer coefficients using the described machine model. Synchronized flicker measurements, made at an EAF installation and nearby generating facility in the Southern Company service area, were used to validate the results of the proposed method.
Joining the Urban World: Occupation, Family, and Migration in Three French Cities

This study is concerned with the effect of urban life and particularly of moving to the city on family structure and behavior in France in the early twentieth century. Family and occupation patterns in the textile city of Roubaix are compared with those in a mixed manufacturing and service economy town Amiens and with those in the commercial and administrative town of Nimes. The authors argue that the urban demand for labor as evidenced in labor force structure shaped patterns of migration and household labor allocation. (ANNOTATION)
Product Measure Approximation of Symmetric Graph Properties.

In the study of random structures we often face a trade-off between realism and tractability, the latter typically enabled by assuming some form of independence. In this work we initiate an effort to bridge this gap by developing tools that allow us to work with independence without assuming it. Let $\mathcal{G}_{n}$ be the set of all graphs on $n$ vertices and let $S$ be an arbitrary subset of $\mathcal{G}_{n}$, e.g., the set of graphs with $m$ edges. The study of random networks can be seen as the study of properties that are true for most elements of $S$, i.e., that are true with high probability for a uniformly random element of $S$. With this in mind, we pursue the following question: What are general sufficient conditions for the uniform measure on a set of graphs $S \subseteq \mathcal{G}_{n}$ to be approximable by a product measure?
Frontiers in antenna applications

Summary form only given. Work on imaging arrays and oscillator grids is discussed. The goal of the work on imaging arrays is to make a millimeter-wave television camera that would allow one to see through fog and smoke. For this, two-dimensional monolithic focal-plane arrays for 90 and 240 GHz have been developed. These consist of pyramidal horns that are chemically etched in a silicon wafer and a thin-film metal probe dipole suspended on a 1- mu m-thick layer of silicon oxynitride. With room-temperature Schottky-diode detectors, this array would be suitable for terrestrial all-weather imaging. The idea of the oscillator-grid work is to combine the output power of a large number of solid-state devices in a single plane wave. This would allow one to make compact high-power solid-state millimeter-wave radar and communications transmitters. The approach is to place a periodic grid loaded with FETs inside a Fabry-Perot resonator. >
Using Bayesian Inference for Linear Antenna Array Design

Based on the observation that design and inference are both generalized inverse problems, we devise a new approach that uses the Bayesian inference framework for the automated design of linear antenna arrays. Compared to the optimization-based techniques that are widely used for automated antenna design, this newly-developed method has a prominent advantage, which is the capability to determine automatically the number of antenna elements required to satisfy design requirements and specifications. Three broadside array design problems, which include the null-controlled pattern, the sector beam pattern, and the Chebyshev pattern, along with an end-fire array design problem, are presented as examples. The obtained results demonstrate the advantages of using the Bayesian inference framework for the design of linear antenna arrays.
Lack of Effect of Celecoxib on Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations in Nipple Aspirate Fluid from Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer

Background: Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3) convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and other hydroxy fatty acids. Among these, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has tumor growth-promoting activity. The COX-2 isoform is the primary enzyme involved in PGE2 production in cancerous tissue. Objective/Hypothesis: We administered the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (200 mg b.i.d.) to women at increased breast cancer risk. Our hypothesis was that PGE2 would be secreted in breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), that levels in NAF would be higher than in corresponding plasma, and that celecoxib would decrease PGE2 levels in NAF (reflecting a decreased breast tissue eicosanoid production) and plasma. Specific Aim: To determine if PGE2 concentrations in NAF and plasma decrease after a 2-week course of celecoxib and then return to baseline 2 weeks after stopping the medication (washout). Study Design: NAF and plasma were collected before celecoxib treatment, 2 weeks after taking celecoxib, and 2 weeks after washout. Each woman served as her own control. Results: PGE2 concentrations in NAF and plasma were detectable in samples using two measurement techniques. On average, NAF PGE2 levels were 81-fold higher in NAF than in matched plasma. Technically, there were differences in PGE2 concentrations measured in similar fluids depending on the assay technique used (RIA versus chemiluminescence immunoassay). There were no significant decreases in PGE2 concentrations after celecoxib administration. Conclusions: PGE2 can be measured in NAF. PGE2 levels are concentrated in NAF when compared with matched plasma samples. Celecoxib 200 mg b.i.d. does not appear to significantly decrease PGE2 concentrations in NAF and plasma.
Design and synthesis of solid state structures with conjugate acid–base pair interactions

Hydrogen bonds formed between conjugate acid–base pairs are well known for their exceptional strength. However, their application in structure design has been largely silent. Successful design of new crystalline phases of two widely studied compounds suggests that reinvigorated exploration of these interactions may benefit solid state chemistry and related fields.
Polar destabilization of DNA duplexes with single-stranded overhangs by the Deinococcus radiodurans SSB protein.

The Deinococcus radioduransSSB protein has an occluded site size of 50 ( 2 nucleotides on ssDNA but can form a stable complex with a 26-30-nucleotide oligodeoxynucleotide using a subset of its four ssDNA binding domains. Quantitative estimates of D. radiodurans SSB protein in the D. radiodurans cell indicate approximately 2500-3000 dimers/cell, independent of the level of irradiation. At biologically relevant concentrations, when bound at single-strand-double-strand DNA junctions in vitro, D. radiodurans SSB protein has a limited capacity to displace the shorter strand of the duplex, permitting it to bind to single-strand extensions shorter than 26 -30 nucleotides. The capacity to displace the shorter strand of the duplex shows a pronounced bias for extensions with a free 3' end. The Escherichia coli SSB protein has a similar but somewhat less robust capacity to displace a DNA strand annealed adjacent to a single-strand extension. These activities are likely to be relevant to the action of bacterial SSB proteins in double-strand break repair, acting at the frayed ends created by ionizing radiation.