cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic identity, racial discrimination and attenuated psychotic symptoms in an urban population of emerging adults

Aim Studies suggest strong ethnic identity generally protects against negative mental health outcomes associated with racial discrimination. In light of evidence suggesting racial discrimination may enhance psychosis risk in racial and ethnic minority (REM) populations, the present study explored the relationship between ethnic identity and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS) and whether ethnic identity moderates the association between racial discrimination and these symptoms. Methods A sample of 644 non-help-seeking REM emerging adults was administered self-report inventories for psychosis risk, experiences of discrimination and ethnic identity. Latent class analysis was applied to determine the nature and number of ethnic identity types in this population. The direct association between ethnic identity and APPS and the interaction between ethnic identity and racial discrimination on APPS were determined in linear regression analyses. Results Results indicated three ethnic identity classes (very low, moderate to high and very high). Ethnic identity was not directly related to APPS; however, it was related to APPS under racially discriminating conditions. Specifically, participants who experienced discrimination in the moderate to high or very high ethnic identity classes reported fewer symptoms than participants who experienced discrimination in the very low ethnic identity class. Conclusions Strong ethnic group affiliation and connection may serve a protective function for psychosis risk in racially discriminating environments and contexts among REM young adults. The possible social benefits of strong ethnic identification among REM youth who face racial discrimination should be explored further in clinical high-risk studies.
The Ecologies of Community Caring

Caring has been called the interactive exemplar of nursing in that it relates other foundational concepts of person, health, and environment within the profession and discipline. However, to reflect the dynamic praxis of knowing, being, and doing that is community health nursing, caring must include a focus on communities, the environment, and the global society. The concepts of community and community interventions remain complex and difficult, thus, community caring remains unclear. This article will explore the concept and offer a model of caring praxis in community health nursing.
EMBEDDED, DYNAMIC MODEL IDENTIFICATION FOR DIFFERENTIAL MACHINE MOTION CONTROL

Abstract A real-time dynamic, machine motion model identification method and application are described for controlling multiple-link, hydraulic machines navigated by an operator. The steady-state machine control applies motion kinematics transformation. A dynamic control correction model is added to improve performance. The model parameters represent link masses, inertia, hydraulic actuator coupling, actuator and external forces, all variables during operation. The model parameters are identified and updated dynamically, real-time. A new adaptive controller is introduced in which the reference model uses transformed kinematics but no dynamics. The dynamic model parameters are directly used in the adaptive controller. The new control system is applied to a small hydraulic excavator. The test results show that the dynamic model can be effectively identified real-time and its constants directly used in the feedback control loop for reducing dynamic machine motion errors due to machine inertia, delays and other distortions in the hydraulic system.
Converting enzyme in rat serum.

SummaryIt seems therefore, that the liver plays an important role in the conversion of angiotensin I to II. The speed of this reaction is much slower than that which occurs in the lung. The slower conversion that occurs in the serum may be due to the interplay of liver converting enzyme with angiotensinases. The angiotensinase effect is overcome with the passage of time enabling converting enzyme to reduce the vasoinactive decapeptid to the vasoactive octapeptid angiotensin II.
Research on Heat Transfer Performance of Air Condenser Single Row Tube Washing Test

By washing the tube with size of 600 mm × 600 mm in air-cooled condenser,the single blade was simulated in computer with FLUENT software. Test was done at different wind speed and different air mass flow per unit area of windward side,and heat performance was tested respectively before adding dirt and after adding dirt,and then after washed. Besides,by compared heat transfer performance under these two conditions,the conclusion was obtained. The wind resistance of tube can be reduced,and the heat transfer performance can also be increased by washing carefully for the dirty tube existed. The numerical value can basically be recovered to or a little higher than the ones before adding dirt. The simulation result consists with the test result approximately.
Bone and the Immune System.

The mechanisms that control physiological and pathological bone mass and turnover have been extensively investigated over the past several decades. One surprising discovery that emerged during this journey is the existence of an immuno-skeletal interface (ISI), a centralization of shared cells and cytokine effectors serving dual, but separate, functions within both the immune and skeletal systems. The existence of this ISI has profound consequences for normal bone turnover and homeostasis and also appears to be key to the etiologies of multiple diverse osteoporotic conditions relating to rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal infection, postmenopausal osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, HIV infection, and antiretroviral therapy. Although most ISI activities elucidated to date converge on the process of bone resorption, recent studies have identified unexpected anabolic roles of the ISI in bone formation. Specifically, the bone anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone and the pharmaceutical costimulation inhibitor CTLA4-Ig (abatacept) are mediated though mechanisms involving T-cells. This chapter documents some of the key discoveries in the field of osteoimmunology in the context of both physiological and pathological bone turnover.
VCP inhibitors induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, cause cell cycle arrest, trigger caspase-mediated cell death and synergistically kill ovarian cancer cells in combination with Salubrinal

Valosin-containing protein (VCP) or p97, a member of AAA-ATPase protein family, has been associated with various cellular functions including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), Golgi membrane reassembly, autophagy, DNA repair, and cell division. Recent studies identified VCP and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) as synthetic lethal targets in ovarian cancer. Here, we describe the preclinical activity of VCP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Results from our studies suggest that quinazoline-based VCP inhibitors initiate G1 cell cycle arrest, attenuate cap-dependent translation and induce programmed cell death via the intrinsic and the extrinsic modes of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies point to the unresolved unfolded protein response (UPR) as a mechanism by which VCP inhibitors contribute to cytotoxicity. These results support an emerging concept that UPR and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways may be targeted in ovarian cancer as a source of vulnerability. Since prolonged ER stress may result in CHOP-mediated cell death, we tested the hypothesis that VCP inhibitors act synergistically with compounds that enhance CHOP expression. Here, we show that VCP inhibitors act synergistically with Salubrinal, an inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, by enhancing CHOP expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results provide a proof-of-concept that VCP inhibitors can be used as a single agent and can be synergized with compounds that enhance CHOP expression to induce cell death in ovarian cancer cells.
Novel Application of Density Estimation Techniques in Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) aims to demonstrate muon beam ionization cooling for the first time and constitutes a key part of the R&D towards a future neutrino factory or muon collider. Beam cooling reduces the size of the phase space volume occupied by the beam. Non-parametric density estimation techniques allow very precise calculation of the muon beam phase-space density and its increase as a result of cooling. These density estimation techniques are investigated in this paper and applied in order to estimate the reduction in muon beam size in MICE under various conditions.
Occult Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy

ABSTRACTA 19-year-old Caucasian woman developed an upper respiratory infection, took a cold formulation containing 5 mg of phenylephrine, and developed a very rare and unusual form of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) that could not be detected on fundoscopic examination, visual fields, nor electrophysiological testing. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed a lesion limited to the fovea. This case illustrates the value of SD-OCT, in light of otherwise normal testing, in a variant of AMN the authors call “occult AMN”.
The Impact of Broken Window on Police Practices in New York City

This chapter looks at the beginnings of the stop-and-frisk practice as tied to the elite Street Crime Unit during the darker days in New York City. This focus transitions to the dissolution of the unit via controversy and their spread to other boroughs—taking their philosophy and heavy handed tactics which soon spread throughout the city with virtually all cops emulating the unit’s behavior. This chapter then focuses on stop trends and the eventual court challenge after the stops surpassed an annual count of over half a million. This is followed by speculation of why NYPD targeted individual minorities.
A systematic review of surveillance after endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the optimal modality and frequency of surveillance after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) in adult patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods We searched for studies of post-EVAR surveillance in MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus through May 10, 2016. The outcomes of interest were endoleaks, mortality, limb ischemia, renal complications, late rupture, and aneurysm-related mortality. Outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and were reported as incidence rate and 95% confidence interval. Results Of 1099 candidate references, we included 6 meta-analyses and 52 observational studies. Complication rates were common after EVAR, particularly in the first year. Magnetic resonance imaging had a higher detection rate of endoleaks than computed tomography angiography. Doppler ultrasound had lower diagnostic accuracy, whereas contrast-enhanced ultrasound was likely to be as sensitive as computed tomography angiography. The highest endoleak detection rates were in surveillance approaches that used combined tests. There were no studies that compared different surveillance intervals to determine optimal intervals; however, most studies reported detection rates of patient-important outcomes at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Data were insufficient to provide comparative inferences about the best strategy to reduce the risk of patient-important outcomes, such as mortality, limb ischemia, rupture, and renal complications. Conclusions Several tests with reasonable diagnostic accuracy are available for surveillance after EVAR. The available evidence suggests a high complication rate, particularly in the first year, and provides a rationale for surveillance.
Comparative ecology of eleotrid fishes in Central American coastal streams

The population structure, abundance, reproductive status, and feeding interrelationships of eleotrid fishes from two freshwater streams of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica were investigated over 10 continuous months. Eleotris amblyopsis was abundant in both streams. Dormitator maculatus, Eleotris pisonis, and Gobiomorus dormitor were present in both streams but common only in the larger stream that contained dense growth of floating aquatic macrophytes. Dormitator maculatus is a detritivore and overlaps with the other three eleotrids, all of which had diets dominated by shrimp and fishes. Intraguild predation and cannibalism was documented with E. amblyopsis as the prey. Except for the benthic G. dormitor, eleotrids were associated with dense mats of floating macrophytes in the large stream, and leaf peaks in the small stream. Diet similarity among the three carnivorous eleotrids declined during the wet seasons, the period when their prey disperse at lower per-unit-area densities within the flooded forests that surround the streams. Analysis of population size distributions and gonadal maturation indicated that at least some reproduction occurs on a nearly year-round basis within these eleotrid populations. The spring dry period may be associated with migration of ripe eleotrids to estuarine habitats for spawning. Juvenile Eleotris are the dominant fishes in the ‘tismiche’, mass migrations of juvenile shrimp and fish larvae and juveniles that enter and ascend the estuary, especially during the summer wet season.
Building the New Scholarship of Women’s Higher Educational History, 1965–1985

As Second Wave feminism took hold in late 1960s and 1970s America, its new analytical perspectives worked gradually into the practice and the scholarship of most fields, including women in higher education. By the 1980s, a new scholarship on women was burgeoning that used innovative tools to reexamine the history of how women had entered, experienced, confronted, and altered higher education in the United States. Although some of the new scholarship was crafted by researchers being newly trained, the initial work to recast women’s higher education history was advanced by many women (and some men) who were already established scholars as the feminist movement grew. In other words, the new history was being written by those who had grown up – personally and educationally – in an earlier, pre-feminist paradigm, and they were now building a new history even as they worked to reframe their own experience. This chapter examines the beginnings of the new scholarship on the history of women in higher education with a particular eye on how several key scholars, between 1970 and 1985, built an initial analytical framework for the field, and sometimes reflected on the challenges of doing so. Patrica Albjerg Graham, Geraldine Clifford, Barbara Miller Solomon, Jessie Bernard, Jill Ker Conway, Helen Astin, and others crafted analyses that differed dramatically from work in the late 1950s and 1960s, paralleling the changes occurring in American life. This chapter examines four themes that held particular resonance for the era: the origins and impact of a “women’s sphere”; teaching as a “woman’s profession”; women’s use of collegiate education; and statistical understandings of women’s careers.
Expression and purification of human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae equilibrative nucleoside transporters

Nucleosides play an essential role in the physiology of eukaryotes by acting as metabolic precursors in de novo nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism. Nucleosides also act as ligands for purinergic receptors. Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) are polytopic integral membrane proteins that aid in regulating plasmalemmal flux of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobases. ENTs exhibit broad substrate selectivity across different isoforms and utilize diverse mechanisms to drive substrate flux across membranes. However, the molecular mechanisms and chemical determinants of ENT-mediated substrate recognition, binding, inhibition, and transport are poorly understood. To determine how ENT-mediated transport occurs at the molecular level, greater chemical insight and assays employing purified protein are essential. This article focuses on the expression and purification of human ENT1, human ENT2, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScENT1 using novel expression and purification strategies to isolate recombinant ENTs. ScENT1, hENT1, and hENT2 were expressed in W303 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and detergent solubilized from the membrane. After detergent extraction, these ENTs were further purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. This effort resulted in obtaining quantities of purified protein sufficient for future biophysical analysis.
A Cyclical Approach to Continuum Modeling: A Conceptual Model of Diabetic Foot Care.

“Cascade” or “continuum” models have been developed for a number of diseases and conditions. These models define the desired, successive steps in care for that disease or condition and depict the proportion of the population that has completed each step. These models may be used to compare care across subgroups or populations and to identify and evaluate interventions intended to improve outcomes on the population level. Previous cascade or continuum models have been limited by several factors. These models are best suited to processes with stepwise outcomes—such as screening, diagnosis, and treatment—with a single defined outcome (e.g., treatment or cure) for each member of the population. However, continuum modeling is not well developed for complex processes with non-sequential or recurring steps or those without singular outcomes. As shown here using the example of diabetic foot care, the concept of continuum modeling may be re-envisioned with a cyclical approach. Cyclical continuum modeling may permit incorporation of non-sequential and recurring steps into a single continuum, while recognizing the presence of multiple desirable outcomes within the population. Cyclical models may simultaneously represent the distribution of clinical severity and clinical resource use across a population, thereby extending the benefits of traditional continuum models to complex processes for which population-based monitoring is desired. The models may also support communication with other stakeholders in the process of care, including health care providers and patients.
Using advanced technologies to quantify beef cattle behavior

For decades, we have relied upon visual observation of animal behavior to define clinical disease, assist in breeding selection, and predict growth performance. Limitations of visual monitoring of cattle behavior include training of personnel, subjectivity, and brevity. In addition, extensive time and labor is required to visually monitor behavior in large numbers of animals, and the prey instinct of cattle to disguise abnormal behaviors in the presence of a human evaluator is problematic. More recently, cattle behavior has been quantified objectively and continuously using advanced technologies to assess animal welfare, indicate lameness or disease, and detect estrus in both production and research settings. The current review will summarize three methodologies for quantification of cattle behavior with focus on U.S. beef production systems; 1) three-axis accelerometers that quantify physical behavior, 2) systems that document feeding and watering behavior via radio frequency, and 3) triangulation or global positioning systems to determine location and movement of cattle within a pen or pasture. Furthermore, advances in Wi-Fi and radio frequency technology have allowed many of these systems to operate remotely and in real-time and efforts are underway to develop commercial applications that may allow early detection of respiratory or other cattle diseases in the production environment. Current challenges with commercial application of technology for early disease detection include establishment of an appropriate algorithm to ensure maximum sensitivity and specificity, reliable and repeatable data collection in harsh environments, cost:benefit, and integration with traditional methodology for clinical diagnosis. Advanced technologies have also allowed cattle researchers to determine temporal variance in behavior or variability between experimental treatments. However, these data sets are typically very large and challenges exist regarding statistical analysis and reporting.
Modeling and Simulation of Wastewater Treatment Processes

Several different types of models which can be useful in describing the dynamic behavior of wastewater treatment plants are discussed. Included among these are (1) visual, (2) linguistic, (3) mental, (4) physical, (5) mathematical, and (6) fuzzy models. Some of the basic concepts of modeling with emphasis on the relationship of these to engineering research and practice are then presented, these being (1) differences in the use of, and expectations from, models by researchers and practitioners, (2) sources of information useful for model development, (3) the amount and type of testing needed for model validation, and (4) the required accuracy of models. Computer simulation is necessary for the solution of most dynamic models. Recent advances in both hardware and software for personal computers have resulted in inexpensive, user-friendly systems suitable for use in both large and small organizations as well as by individual engineers.
Service Learning in Engineering Education

EPICS in IEEE empowers students to work with local service organizations to apply technical knowledge to implement solutions for a communitys unique challenges. In this way, EPICS in IEEE not only assists communities in achieving their specific local improvement goals but also encourages students to pursue engineering for community improvement as a career.
Efficient Testing for RF SoCs

The implementation of self-test, as discussed in this book, is not geared exclusively for production testing but also for post-production. Post-production, or more specifically, post-deployment testing will provide the platform for the implementation of on-chip adaptive calibration. The goal then is not to pass production testing only but to ensure that a product does not operate at the edges of the pass zone, but always comfortably in its optimal region. This is not only to satisfy silicon yield but also to ease the ever increasing complexity of the design process.
Description of a new alpheid shrimp, Automate isabelae sp. nov. (Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae) found in fish stomach contents of the lane snapper Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758), from the west coast of Florida, Gulf of Mexico.

A new species of caridean shrimp of the family Alpheidae, Automate isabelae sp. nov., found in stomach analysis contents of the lane snapper Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Keys and SW coast of Florida, Gulf of Mexico, is described. The abdomen and portions of the cephalic appendages were damaged in holotype, but remainder of the body and the chelipeds, whith the most important diagnostic characters are in decent or perfect condition, the description was further supplemented based on intact morphological parts of the paratypes. The presence of tubercles on the dorsal and ventral margins of the major chela palm, shows this new species to be related to the eastern Pacific Automate rugosa Coutiere, 1902. Both congeners can be easily discriminated by the proportions and shape of the third maxilliped, the proportions and ornamentation of the carpus, merus, and chela of the major cheliped, the ventral seta of the carpus of the minor cheliped, the presence of a distoventral spine on the propodi of third and fourth pereopods, the armature of dorsal surface of telson, and their geographical distribution. The description of this new species increases the number of worldwide valid species known of the genus Automate to 12.
A canine identity crisis: Genetic breed heritage testing of shelter dogs

Previous research in animal shelters has determined the breeds of dogs living in shelters by their visual appearance; however the genetic breed testing of such dogs is seldom conducted, and few studies have compared the breed labels assigned by shelter staff to the results of this testing. In the largest sampling of shelter dogs’ breed identities to-date, 459 dogs at Arizona Animal Welfare League & SPCA (AAWL) in Phoenix, Arizona, and 460 dogs at San Diego Humane Society & SPCA (SDHS) in San Diego, California, were genetically tested using a commercially available product to determine their breed heritage. In our sample, genetic analyses identified 125 distinct breeds with 91 breeds present at both shelters, and 4.9% of the dogs identified as purebreds. The three most common breed signatures, in order of prevalence, American Staffordshire Terrier, Chihuahua, and Poodle, accounted for 42.5% or all breed identifications at the great grandparent level. During their stay at the shelter, dogs with pit bull-type ancestries waited longer to be adopted than other dogs. When we compared shelter breed assignment as determined by visual appearance to that of genetic testing, staff at SDHS was able to successfully match at least one breed in the genetic heritage of 67.7% of dogs tested; however their agreement fell to 10.4% when asked to identify more than one breed. Lastly, we found that as the number of pit bull-type relatives in a dog’s heritage increased, so did the shelter’s ability to match the results of DNA analysis. In total when we consider the complexity of shelter dog breed heritage and the failure to identify multiple breeds based on visual identification coupled with our inability to predict how these breeds then interact within an individual dog, we believe that focusing resources on communicating the physical and behavioral characteristics of shelter dogs would best support adoption efforts.
UNIT 7.2 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis, which separates and sizes linear DNA and RNA fragments, is arguably the most basic and essential technique in molecular biology. It is commonly employed for analysis of PCR products, plasmid DNA, and products of restriction enzyme digestion. It is the first step for analysis of specific DNA and RNA fragments by northern and Southern blots. In this unit, we provide both written instructions and photographic images to take the reader from preparing a first agarose gel to analyzing results and determining the size of sample DNA. We include two protocols: agarose gel electrophoresis (commonly used to analyze DNA) and denaturing gel electrophoresis (for analyzing RNA). We have divided each protocol into four basic steps: (1) preparing and pouring the agarose gel; (2) preparing and loading samples; (3) running the agarose gel; and (4) staining the gel using the fluorescent stain ethidium bromide to visualize DNA and RNA. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: DNA; RNA; separation; sizing; ethidium bromide; voltage; TAE; TBE; bromphenol blue; xylene cyanol; northern blotting; Southern blotting
A multi-imaging modality study of bone density, bone structure and the muscle - bone unit in end-stage renal disease.

Abstract End stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with sarcopenia and skeletal fragility. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to (1) characterize body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone structure in hemodialysis patients compared with controls, (2) assess whether DXA areal BMD (aBMD) correlates with peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) measures of volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical dimensions and MRI measures of trabecular microarchitecture, and (3) determine the magnitude of bone deficits in ESRD after adjustment for muscle mass. Thirty ESRD participants, ages 25 to 64 years, were compared with 403 controls for DXA and pQCT outcomes and 104 controls for MRI outcomes; results were expressed as race- and sex- specific Z-scores relative to age. DXA appendicular lean mass index (ALMI kg/m2) and total hip, femoral neck, ultradistal and 1/3rd radius aBMD were significantly lower in ESRD, vs. controls (all p
Improved chemoselectivity in intramolecular alkylidene carbene CH insertion

The alkylidene carbene generated by chloromethylenation / α-elimination of 1 proceeds with a high degree of selectivity for methoxy CH insertion over methine insertion, to give 2. The carbene generated with trimethylsilydiazomethane results in an approximately 1:1 mixture of 2 and 3.
Line Failure Detection After a Cyber-Physical Attack on the Grid Using Bayesian Regression

We study the problem of line failure detection following a cyber-physical attack. Since such attacks can result in line trippings (by remotely activating switches) as well as loss of measurement feeds, we consider an attack model in which an adversary attacks an area by: (i) disconnecting some lines within the attacked area, and (ii) blocking the measurements coming from inside the attacked area from reaching the control center. Hence, after the attack, voltage phase angles of the buses and status of the lines inside the attacked area become unavailable to the grid operator. We build upon a recently introduced convex optimization method for detecting line failures and exploit Bayesian regression to develop the novel PROBER Algorithm for probabilistically detecting line failures after an attack using partial noisy measurements. The PROBER Algorithm provides the probability that each line is failed inside the attacked area in a running time which is independent of the number of line failures. Hence, these probabilities can be efficiently computed and used to make the existing brute force search methods tractable (for detecting multiple-line failures) by significantly reducing their search space. We numerically demonstrate that such an approach hits a sweet spot in accuracy and efficiency.
Carbon Pricing and Competitiveness Pressures: The Case of Cement Trade

The impact of unilateral carbon pricing on domestic industry is a central element in current policy debates dealing with mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. This is especially the case for indu...
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Growth Factors Only Vs. Growth Factors + Chemotherapy

Background Strategies for mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-HCT) include growth factors (GF) such as filgrastim, either alone or with chemokine receptor antagonist plerixafor, or filgrastim/plerixafor in combination with chemotherapy (GF + chemo). Methods In this single center retrospective analysis, we compared PBSC mobilization with GF only (filgrastim +/- plerixafor) to GF + chemo. Chemotherapy used was cyclophosphamide alone, or modified CVAD. Primary endpoints were engraftment, transfusion requirement, duration of hospitalization, NRM, PFS and OS. Results We identified 1361 patients who had auto-HCT between 1988 and 2015; 1137 with GF only and 224 with GF + chemo. As shown in Table 1, more patients in the GF + chemo group had high-risk cytogenetics (25.6 vs 20.3%), lower ≥VGPR rate to induction (20 vs 50%), and required more intense conditioning (25 vs 13%). Additionally, patients with GF + chemo collected target PBSC in fewer days (2 vs. 3), received a higher CD34+ cell dose (5.6 vs. 4.1) with no difference in neutrophil or platelet engraftment, had longer hospitalization post auto-HCT (19 vs 17 days), and required more PRBC transfusions (2 vs 1), Table 2. The 100-day NRM was Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference between GF only or GF + chemo in engraftment or NRM. The shorter survival in the GF + chemo group may be attributed to a higher proportion of poor-risk patients in that group.
The impediment to replication at tRNA genes in S. cerevisiae does not require tRNA transcription, and is facilitated by topoisomerases and Rad18-dependent repair pathways

tRNA genes are widely studied sites of replication-fork pausing and genome instability in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. tRNAs are extremely highly transcribed and serve as constitutive condensin binding sites. tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III has previously been identified as stimulating replication-fork pausing at tRNA genes, but the nature of the block to replication has not been incontrovertibly demonstrated. Here, we describe a systematic, genome-wide analysis of the contributions of candidates to replication-fork progression at tDNAs in yeast: transcription factor binding, transcription, topoisomerase activity, condensin-mediated clustering, and Rad18-dependent DNA repair. We show that an asymmetric block to replication is maintained even when tRNA transcription is abolished by depletion of one or more subunits of RNA polymerase III. By contrast, analogous depletion of the essential transcription factor TFIIIB removes the obstacle to replication. Therefore, our data suggest that the RNA polymerase III transcription complex itself represents an asymmetric obstacle to replication even in the absence of RNA synthesis. We additionally demonstrate that replication-fork progression past tRNA genes is unaffected by the global depletion of condensin from the nucleus, and can be stimulated by the removal of topoisomerases or Rad18-dependent DNA repair pathways.
Ascertaining the activity and inhibition of adenosine deaminase via fluorescence-based assays.

Abstract A fluorescence-based assay for adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and inhibition, which may also be formatted as an inhibitor discovery assay, is described. It relies on differences in fluorescence between an isothiazolo-based adenosine analogs (tzA) and its deaminated product, the corresponding inosine derivative (tzI), which facilitates a real-time monitoring of enzymatic activity. Inhibitors are added to the enzyme–substrate reaction mixture at various concentrations and the fluorescence signal is recorded over 10 min. The percent inhibition is calculated from the signal change at 10 min relative to the uninhibited reaction. The percent inhibition is plotted against inhibitor concentration and fitted to a Hill curve. IC50 values are then calculated.
High-risk coronary plaque in SLE: low-attenuation non-calcified coronary plaque and positive remodelling index.

Author(s): Stojan, George; Li, Jessica; Budoff, Matthew; Arbab-Zadeh, Armin; Petri, Michelle A | Abstract: BackgroundPositive remodelling index and presence of low-attenuation non-calcified plaque (LANCP) are characteristic vessel changes in unstable coronary plaques. We sought to characterise these high-risk plaque features in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare them with controls.MethodsA total of 72 patients who satisfied the SLICC classification criteria for SLE had coronary CT angiography (CCTA) studies, 30 of which had follow-up CCTA, as screening for occult coronary atherosclerotic disease in asymptomatic individuals. A total of 100 consecutive controls with no known history of lupus, heart disease or revascularisation who had two coronary CT angiograms at least 1 year apart were included in the study. These were asymptomatic patients referred by their primary physicians for screening of coronary artery disease and the screening interval was decided by the primary physicians. The methodology for image acquisition was identical.ResultsLANCP burden at baseline was significantly greater in patients with SLE compared with controls. LANCP volume was significantly greater in patients over 60 years of age (pl0.05) and in those with current prednisone dose g10 mg/day. LANCP burden remained stable over follow-up. There were no significant differences in remodelling index compared with controls.ConclusionThis is the first study describing high-risk CCTA features of coronary plaque in patients with SLE. Both LANCP and positive remodelling are common in SLE. These characteristic vessel changes may identify patients with SLE at increased risk of cardiovascular events and those in need for more frequent cardiac monitoring.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the U.S.: Evidence from a representative cross-sectional survey.

Abstract The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) evaluates the epidemiology in the U.S. population of certain infectious diseases, including Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a protozoan parasite. This study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii -IgG antibodies using NHANES data to identify risk factors related to T. gondii. Using NHANES 2009–10, 2011–12, and 2013–14 cycles, univariate analyses and logistic regression models were conducted to determine the relationship between T. gondii seropositivity and various risk factors. Across the three cycles, 13.3% of participants tested positive for T. gondii-IgG seroprevalence, with a significant decrease in seroprevalence from the earlier to later cycles. 53.4% of individuals with positive serology were male. The probability of testing positive for T. gondii -IgG significantly increases between four and five times from the 18–29 age group to 70–79 age group. Seroprevalence also differed by ethnicity, with Latinos of any race having two times higher odds of testing positive for T. gondii compared to other ethnicities. Other sociodemographic factors were associated with lower odds of T. gondii seropositivity, including college education, higher household income, and health insurance. Most clinical conditions were not significantly associated with T. gondii, excluding depression, which was observed in 25% of patients positive for T. gondii-IgG. Further research on the influence of this parasite on infected individuals, including predispositions for risk-taking, is needed to better understand the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii, depression, and other mental illnesses.
Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Venous Thromboembolism

Fibrinolysis is a normal physiologic process that is essential to maintain microvascular patency by removing extraneous fibrin clot [1]. The extremes of fibrinolysis, termed hyperfibrinolysis (excessive breakdown of clot) and fibrinolysis shutdown (resistance to clot breakdown), are associated with increased mortality [1, 2]. The mechanisms and clinical implications of these pathologic extremes and their temporal trends have been detailed in the previous chapter on fibrinolytic derangements following trauma (Chap. 11). While pharmacologic therapies, such as tranexamic acid (TXA), to attenuate hyperfibrinolysis have been studied extensively in trauma, studies to identify effective strategies to treat fibrinolysis shutdown are limited.
The Real Cost of Surveillance Capitalism: Digital Humanism in the United States and Europe

Shoshana Zuboff’s international best seller, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the Frontier of Power, has rightfully alarmed citizens of free societies about the uses and misuses of their personal data. Yet the concept of surveillance capitalism, from a global perspective, ultimately obscures more than it reveals. The real threat to liberal democracies is not capitalism but the growing inequalities that corporate surveillance in its unfettered form both reveals and exacerbates. By unclearly specifying the causal mechanisms of the very real negative costs she identifies, Zuboff creates the impression that capitalism itself is the culprit, when the real source of the problem is the absence of good governance.
Walking and rowing in the water strider,Gerris remigis

1. Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from the five main muscles moving the mesothoracic leg; where possible the movement of the leg was simultaneously monitored. 2. During slow leg retraction muscle activity is very variable. 3. During rapid leg retraction (the power portion of the rowing stroke) the four muscles which retract and rotate the leg are active together, and muscle junction potential frequency is above a certain minimum. 4. These muscles are active for more than 100 ms before the power retraction of the rowing stroke begins. 5. Extracellular recordings could not be made from the muscle which promotes the leg in a freely moving animal. Intracellular recordings showed that this muscle was active longer than the other muscles. Sometimes it was active simultaneously with one of the main retractors of the leg. 6. It is not possible, from the evidence available, to decide whether the leg is moved by a conventional twitch mechanism or by a click mechanism.
Molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies and future therapeutic strategies.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies and their future therapeutic strategies. On the basis of unique clinical, immunopathologic, demographic, histologic and prognostic criteria along with different response to therapies, the inflammatory myopathies comprise three major and distinct subsets: polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion-body myositis (IBM). The cause of PM, DM, and IBM remains unknown, but an autoimmune pathogenesis is strongly implicated. DM affects both children and adults, and women are affected more often than men. PM is seen after the second decade of life, and it occurs very rarely in childhood. IBM is three times more frequent in men than in women. It is more common in Caucasians than in African-Americans, and it is more likely to affect persons over the age of 50 years. All three forms have in common a myopathy that is characterized by proximal and often symmetric muscle weakness. The clinically suspected diagnosis of PM, DM, or IBM is established or confirmed by the elevated activity of the muscle-derived serum enzymes, electrophysiologic findings, and muscle biopsy.
EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES IN RICE IN MID - HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

The paddy crop in Himachal Pradesh is ravaged by a number of insect-pests viz. leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) rice hispa, (Dicladispa armigera) and stemborer, (Scirpophaga innotata). An effort was, therefore, made to evaluate the efficacy of five insecticides viz. endosulfan (Thiodan 330 CCS) @ 50g a.i/ha, lambda cyhalothrin (Karate zeon 5CS) @ 12.5g a.i/ha, acetamiprid 0.4% + chlorpyriphos 20EC (Gharda) @ 510g a.i/ha, indoxacarb (KN-128 15% EC) @ 30g a.i/ha, and monocrotophos (check) (Monocrown 36SL) @ 500g a.i/ha, against major insect pests of rice during 2005 and 2006. Monocrotophos proved to be the most effective insecticide against stem borer, Scipophaga innotata with 2.26% white ears (WE) as compared to 7.12% WE in untreated control. Monocrotophos and acetamiprid 0.4% + chlorpyriphos 20% EC were also found to be superior for the control of rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera. Lambda cyhalothrin (Karate zeon 5CS) (3.22% & 2.82% DL) proved more efficacious than the check insecticide monocrotophos @ (4.26% and 3.81% DL) for the control of leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The leaf damage by leaf folder in untreated control was 15.63% and 16.74% during 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Recovery of Basis in Non-Qualifying Stock Redemptions Under Sections 302 and 304

This Article reviews the redemption provisions of both section 302 and section 304 of the Internal Revenue Code. It discusses the existing rules for basis recovery in dividend equivalent redemptions, and highlights the situations where the recovery of the basis of the stock redeemed becomes a problem. A number of cases, revenue rulings, and hypothetical illustrations where the basis recovery of redeemed stock has created or potentially could create a problem are examined. The Article also analyzes the tax policies which may influence the structure of a basis recovery procedure in dividend equivalent redemptions, and suggests the recovery method which should be adopted. Finally the legislative changes proposed by the American Bar Association's Section of Taxation are reviewed and discussed.
A simple dispersive chiral FDTD formulation implemented on a Yee grid

A new simple dispersive chiral FDTD formulation based on the traditional Yee grid is introduced. This methodology uses an explicit form of the dispersive chiral constitutive equations in conjunction with the Z-transform technique to incorporate dispersion. The main advantage of this technique is its simplicity and straightforward incorporation with traditional FDTD methods. This method was also extended to an implicit method introduced by A. Grande et al. (see IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., vol.52, no.2, p.773-84, 2004) that used two transverse FDTD grids to align the E-fields and H-fields. These methodologies were used to simulate the scattering from a chiral slab and both compared favorably with analytic results. The advantage of the explicit method is that, in a full 3D formulation, it only requires a single traditional Yee grid.
Predictors of antiemetic alteration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

Background Better knowledge of patient and cancer treatment factors associated with nausea/vomiting (NV) in pediatric oncology patients could enhance prophylaxis. We aimed to describe such factors in children receiving treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods Retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1,668 hospitalized children undergoing treatment for AML from the Pediatric Health Information System database (39 hospitals, 1999–2010). Antiemetic alteration, which included switch (a change in prescribed 5-HT3 receptor antagonists) and rescue (receipt of an adjunct antiemetic), were first validated and then used as surrogates of problematic NV. Logistic and negative binomial regression modeling were used to test whether patient characteristics were associated with problematic NV. Results Increasing age is associated with greater odds of experiencing antiemetic switch and higher relative rate of antiemetic rescue. Within a treatment cycle, each consecutive inpatient chemotherapy day decreased the likelihood of requiring antiemetic alteration. Each consecutive inpatient-day post-chemotherapy was associated with decreased need for switch, but increased need for rescue. Subsequent cycles of AML therapy were associated with lower odds of antiemetic switch on both chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy days, a lower rate of antiemetic rescue on chemotherapy days, and an increased rate of rescue on non-chemotherapy days. Conclusion In pediatric patients with AML, increasing age is strongly associated with greater antiemetic alteration. Antiemetic alteration occurs early in treatment overall, and early within each admission. While additional cycles of therapy are associated with less alteration overall, there is persistent rescue in the days after chemotherapy, suggesting additional etiologies of NV in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1798–1805. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.