cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling Technologies For Complex CFD Applications

The progress realized in the development of geometry-mesh generation and numerical algorithms applicable to high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems is presented. The concentration is placed on the development of enabling technologies associated with the advancement in the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in CFD. In particular, first, the development of the GGTK (Geometry-Grid Took Kit) as a unified approach to geometry-topology-mesh and unstructured/generalized mesh generation is described. Applications to automated and parametric mesh creation using templates and generalized grid refinement are presented to demonstrate success of these methodologies. Second, a software framework, Loci, for an intra-application coordination of fine-grained numerical kernels and methods to build interoperable, re-useable, and reconfigurable multidisciplinary computational systems is described with a candidate CFD system, CHEM. Third, the development of an integrated Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and Navier-Stokes CFD system is described demonstrating initial success in simulating rarefied gas and continuum flow regimes. Finally, a chimera grid approach has been described with a generalized grid based CFD system for addressing moving body CFD problems. Computational examples of practical interest are presented to demonstrate the success of these methodologies.
Skeletal scintigraphy. I.

Because of the ability of certain radiopharmaceuticals to concentrate in actively growing bone, skeletal scintigraphy can be used for early detection of primary tumors, metastases, and other bone diseases.
Disseminating Location Privacy Threats and Protection Techniques through Capture-the-Flag Games (Vision Paper)

Recent years witnessed a tremendous growth in the area of mobile computing. Users with mobile devices are able to access services customized to their geographical coordinates, and to engage in complex interactions with other users in their proximity. However, in addition to its many benefits, sharing location with service providers and other users also introduces serious privacy threats. If not properly addressed, the loss of location privacy can bring significant harm to mobile users. Currently, there is a low level of awareness among mobile users, and even among computer professionals, with respect to the contingent threats on location privacy, and to the approaches available to mitigate such threats. We envision GeoCTF, an educational capture-the-flag (CTF) - style game designed to raise the level of awareness about the dangers of uncontrolled sharing of location data, and to illustrate prominent location protection techniques. The game-based approach of GeoCTF makes it an effective and engaging educational tool, suitable for high-school and University students, as well as computer-literate general population mobile users.
The Problem of Indexation

The title assigned to me presupposes that indexation is a problem rather than a solution, as it was portrayed in a substantial literature of about a decade ago (notably Fishlow, 1974; Friedman, 1974; Jackman and Klappholz, 1975). Either characterisation is excessively simplistic without qualification. Dangerous as indexation has often been, I shall argue that there are circumstances under which appropriate forms of indexation might have a useful role to play as one element of an incomes policy.
What Is The Best Resin For Frp Sodium Hypochlorite Storage Tanks

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has replaced chlorine to treat waste water in North America. Many options are available for materials of construction to store this chemical Fiberglass- reinforced polymers have been used successfully over the years as an economical option. A study was conducted to identify the best resin to use for these storage tanks. The results of this testing are reported with recommendations for the system that should give the longest service life in NaOCl.
Dietary energy restriction reduces high-fat diet-enhanced metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice

// Sneha Sundaram 1 , Lin Yan 1 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA Correspondence to: Lin Yan, email: lin.yan@ars.usda.gov . Keywords: energy restriction, high-fat diet, Lewis lung carcinoma, metastasis, mice Received: May 12, 2016 Accepted: August 11, 2016 Published: August 25, 2016 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether a reduction in energy intake ameliorated the high-fat diet-enhanced spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed the AIN93G diet, a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet with a 5% restriction of the intake. Energy restriction reduced body adiposity and body weight, but maintained growth similar to mice fed the AIN93G diet. The high-fat diet significantly increased the number and size (cross-sectional area and volume) of metastases formed in lungs. Restricted feeding reduced the number of metastases by 23%, metastatic cross-sectional area by 32% and volume by 45% compared to the high-fat diet. The high-fat diet elevated plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin), angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) and insulin. Restricted feeding significantly reduced the high-fat diet-induced elevations in plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and insulin. These results demonstrated that a reduction in diet intake by 5% reduced high-fat diet-enhanced metastasis, which may be associated with the mitigation of adiposity and down-regulation of cancer-promoting proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors.
RNA Binding Proteins in Health and Disease

Studies of the molecular genetics for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron disorders have thrust a class of proteins, termed RNA binding proteins (RBPs), into the limelight. A striking number of mutations linked to motor neuron diseases occur in RBPs. The reason appears to derive from the unique structures and biology of RBP, as well as the unique abundance of these proteins in the extra-nuclear domains of neurons. The material discussed in this chapter will explicate the biology of RBPs, provide insight into how this contributes to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and also speculate on potential roles of RNA binding proteins in the inflammatory response.
Examination of Veteran Fathers' Parenting and Their Adolescent Children's Substance Use in the United States.

ABSTRACTBackground: Adolescent children of U.S. military veterans may be at increased risk for engaging in substance use; however, this has yet to be examined using nationally representative data. Parental involvement and communication are potential protective factors to target with prevention efforts, but veterans' parenting has not been studied in general, nonclinical populations. Objectives: This study presents data on parenting characteristics among fathers who are veterans of the U.S. military and the substance use behaviors of their adolescent children. Methods: Data were analyzed from approximately 2,200 veteran fathers, 13,100 nonveteran fathers, and their children aged 12 to 17 who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2004 to 2013. Parenting characteristics and adolescent substance use were compared by fathers' veteran status. Results: Compared with nonveteran fathers, veteran fathers were less likely to have talked with their children about the dangers of substance use...
Using the logic design course as a dress rehearsal for the major design experience

We describe a sophomore level course that is foremost a comprehensive treatment of logic design, a mandatory topic in many electrical and computer engineering curriculums, but almost equally important, because of the open ended design content, this course serves as the dress rehearsal for what students will encounter in their required senior capstone project. Course outcomes and goals include the usual engineering technical topics such as Boolean algebra, logic design, finite automata, discrete math, modern engineering tools, and solving engineering problems. We also cover and assess those outcomes that are not covered in most of the other engineering courses which include open ended design, multidisciplinary teams, and effective communication. This early assessment in these nontechnical outcomes, allows us earlier intervention for program improvement. Having conducted this course over a period of over six years, we have found that our approach has helped us achieve a marked improvement in both our student outcomes, and the quality of our capstone projects.
An Evaluation of Practitioners' Preference of Stroke Risk Tools in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: CHA2DS2VASC versus CHADS2

Several stroke risk assessment tools exist. However, current nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) guidelines differ in utilization of these tools. For instance, the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society (AHA/ACC/HRS) guidelines recommend use of the
Time-Point specific weighting improves coexpression networks from time-course experiments

Integrative systems biology approaches build, evaluate, and combine data from thousands of diverse experiments. These strategies rely on methods that effectively identify and summarize gene-gene relationships within individual experiments. For gene-expression datasets, the Pearson correlation is often applied to build coexpression networks because it is both easily interpretable and quick to calculate. Here we develop and evaluate weighted Pearson correlation approaches that better summarize gene expression data into coexpression networks for synchronized cell cycle time-course experiments. These methods use experimental measurements of cell cycle synchrony to estimate appropriate weights through either sliding window or linear regression approaches. We show that these weights improve our ability to build coexpression networks capable of identifying phase-specific functional relationships between genes. We evaluate our method on diverse experiments and find that both weighted strategies outperform the traditional method. This weighted correlation approach is implemented in the Sleipnir library, an open source library used for integrative systems biology. Integrative approaches using properly weighted time-course experiments will provide a more detailed understanding of the processes studied in such experiments.
DATA MINING USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES: A COMPARISON

This article discusses the similarities and differences between two data mining techniques, neural networks and traditional statistics. It describes how they are used for the tasks of prediction, classification, and clustering, all of which are often performed by financial and marketing managers. The article, which also presents several applications of neural networks, is directed to managers and researchers looking for new artificial intelligence tools for solving business problems.
SALIVA AND TASTE DISORDERS

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the role of saliva in taste perception. In one of the experiments described in the chapter, three women and six men between the ages of 16 and 51 abstained from eating or smoking for two hours. Each subject was then assessed by two tests within eight hours. One tester administered the HK test, while the other one administered the 3d-H test. Each subject was unaware of the other's results. Separate series of sodium chloride and sucrose solutions were prepared from reagent grade chemicals with double-distilled (DD) water, stored at 4°C and brought to room temperature before use. Under the 3d-H method, three consecutive drops of approximately 0.06 ml each were delivered to the anterior 1/3 of the tongue. Under the staircase method, 11 CF subjects of 19 to 24 years of age were recruited from the NIH Normal Volunteer Program. Each CF subject was age- and sex-matched with a subject having seven or more carious or restored teeth.
The forgetfulness of gentrification and the pilgrimage of protest: Re-membering the Body of Christ

This article asks what it means to remember in the context of the erasure and exile that are the strategies of gentrification. What can we learn from protest and pilgrimage about what it means to “do this in remembrance” of Christ, that is, to re-member the Body of Christ, and how can this remembering address the injustice of racially-biased displacement? If we consider the dynamics of gentrification, the exile and erasure upon which it relies and the ways in which it creates a landscape of forgetfulness in cities whose neighborhoods no longer remember the communities of color who inhabited them, then is seems clear that a Christian theological response requires embodied practices of remembering. Through an exploration of the theological concept of anamnesis and the practices of Holy Communion and stational liturgy, I explore the characteristics of theological remembering that point toward Christian responses to gentrification. I argue that protest as pilgrimage offers us one avenue through which we might...
Sodium Butyrate Enhances Intestinal Riboflavin Uptake via Induction of Expression of Riboflavin Transporter-3 (RFVT3)

Uptake of riboflavin (RF) by intestinal epithelial cells occurs via a specific carrier-mediated process that involves the apically localized RF transporter-3 (RFVT3). Previous studies have shown that sodium butyrate (NaB) affects intestinal uptake of other substrates and expression of their membrane transporters, but its effect on intestinal uptake of RF and expression of RFVT3 has not been examined. To investigate the effect of NaB on intestinal RF uptake process and expression of the RFVT3. Two experimental models were used in this study: Human-derived intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and ex vivo mouse colonoids. 3H-RF uptake assay, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed. Treating Caco-2 cells with NaB led to a significant increase in carrier-mediated RF uptake. This increase was associated with a significant induction in the level of expression of the hRFVT3 protein, mRNA, and heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). Similarly, treating mouse colonoids with NaB led to a marked increase in the level of expression of the mRFVT3 protein, mRNA, and hnRNA. NaB did not affect hRFVT3 mRNA stability, rather it caused significant epigenetic changes (histone modifications) in the SLC52A3 gene where an increase in H3Ac and a reduction in H3K27me3 levels were observed in the NaB-treated Caco-2 cells compared to untreated controls. These findings demonstrate that NaB up-regulates intestinal RF uptake and that the effect appears to be mediated, at least in part, at the level of transcription of the SLC52A3 gene and may involve epigenetic mechanism(s).
Liver-Directed Therapies for Neuroendocrine Metastases

Ninety percent of patients with neuroendocrine tumors develop liver metastases, which are the foremost determinant of long-term survival. International guidelines recommend embolotherapy for progressive or symptomatic liver metastases. Clinical and imaging response rates to embolization are high and quite durable in low- and intermediate-grade tumors. While current guidelines are agnostic regarding embolization technique, differences in short- and long-term outcomes among bland, chemoembolization, and radioembolization are being elucidated. Integration and sequencing liver-directed and systemic therapies to create personalized care plans for each patient require multidisciplinary management teams for NETs.
Do Vaccines Cause Erythema Nodosum (EN)

Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. have not been shown to cause erythema nodosum (EN).
Cryptocurrency Pump-and-Dump Schemes

Pump-and-dump schemes (P&Ds) are pervasive in the cryptocurrency market. We find that P&Ds lead to short-term bubbles featuring dramatic increases in prices, volume, and volatility. Prices peak within minutes and quick reversals follow. The evidence we document, including price run-ups before P&Ds start, implies significant wealth transfers between insiders and outsiders. Bittrex, a cryptocurrency exchange, banned P&Ds on November 24, 2017. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we provide causal evidence that P&Ds are detrimental to the liquidity and price of cryptocurrencies. We discuss potential mechanisms why outsiders are willing to participate and describe how our findings shed light on manipulation theories.
Teaching Practices for Enactment of Socio-scientific Issues Instruction: an Instrumental Case Study of an Experienced Biology Teacher

The identification of high-leverage teaching practices that can be improved through targeted practice should contribute to the enhancement of teachers’ facilitation of instruction and improve student learning outcomes. Researchers have begun to identify subject-specific teaching practices that are expected to enhance science teaching specifically. However, it is not clear what teaching practices look like in classrooms engaging students in learning science through socio-scientific issues. In this instrumental case study, we set out to identify those practices that an experienced secondary biology teacher employed during her successful enactment of socio-scientific issues (SSI) instruction about antibiotic resistance. Using both deductive codes from the literature and inductive coding, we analyzed nine 90-min video-taped lessons that comprised the unit. We identified science teaching practices that were particularly important for her enactment, as well as SSI-specific teaching practices not previously identified in the teaching practices literature, which included contextualizing teaching and learning in the issue, challenging students to analyze the issue from multiple perspectives, and urging students to employ skepticism when analyzing potentially biased information regarding the issue. These findings suggest that the manner in which teachers are currently being prepared is likely lacking in terms of helping teachers develop a full suite of teaching practices that contribute to the successful enactment of SSI instruction. Further research directed at how ideal SSI instruction is achieved and identifying those practices that are requisite to doing so is recommended.
Viable residential DC microgrids combined with household smart AC and DC loads for underserved communities

The availability of fossil fuels in the future and the environmental effects such as the carbon footprint of the existing methodologies to produce electricity is an increasing area of concern. In rural areas of under-developed parts of the world, the problem is lack of access to electrification. DC microgrids have become a proven solution to electrification in these areas with demonstrated exceptional quality of power, high reliability, efficiency, and simplified integration between renewable energy sources (principally solar PV) and energy storage. In the United States, a different problem occurs that can be addressed with the same DC microgrid approach that is finding success internationally. In disinvested, underserved communities of with high unemployment and low wages, households contribute a significant portion of their income toward the fixed cost of their electrical utility connection, which by law must be supplied to every household. This paper analyzes a residential DC microgrid in an urban, underserved area that enables the sharing of renewable and stored energy resources between dwellings. The goal of the residential DC microgrid is to drive down to fixed costs of utility-provided electricity to all participants, such that the percentage of utility cost to total household income comes can be made comparable to that of more advantaged communities. A group of renovated dwellings constitute the community which the DC microgrid would serve. The distributed installation of solar panels and battery storage among dwelling locations are optimized based upon varying consumption patterns. Also, consumption patterns during different seasons of the year are considered. Electrical distribution architectures within the dwellings are based upon conventional AC. Each dwelling has a DC interface to the residential microgrid and progressive insertion of DC loads, with associated household DC distribution, is considered.
The Medical Library Association Guide to Developing Consumer Health Collections

The Medical Library Association Guide to Developing Consumer Health Collections provides an information resource for all librarians, though the focus is on the novice. It is written in a clear, well-organized style, using practical tips and copious examples to illustrate concepts.
A visual analysis of gender stereotypes in campaign advertising

Extant scholarship offers conflicting conclusions about whether female candidates emphasize feminine or masculine stereotypes in campaigns. We suggest that female candidates use both stereotypes, a...
Understanding the effects of dipolar interactions on the thermodynamics of diblock copolymer melts

We present results highlighting the roles of dipolar interactions in affecting thermodynamics of diblock copolymer melts. Field theoretic methods and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to understand the effects of dipolar interactions among copolymer segments. In particular, the effects of dipolar interactions on disorder-lamellar transition and domain spacing of the lamellar morphology are studied. It is shown that dipolar interactions stabilize the lamellar morphology over the disordered phase. Furthermore, the domain spacing for the lamellar morphology is predicted to increase with an increase in disparity between dipole moments of two kinds of monomers in the diblock or equivalently a mismatch in the dielectric constant of homopolymers forming the diblock. MD simulations reveal that additional orientational effects resulting from the anisotropic nature of the dipolar interaction potential are significant for highly polar monomers. In contrast, the field theoretic models based on orientationally averaged dipolar interaction potentials, such as those used in this work, fail to capture the effects of orientational correlations.
Responsibility for Migrants: From Hospitality to Solidarity:

Critics of exclusionary borders might be tempted to appeal for more hospitality, but this essay argues that such an approach is misguided and develops an alternative framework called solidarity bor...
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PAIN MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS

Many American family caregivers (FCs) manage hospice and palliative patients’ pain at home. However, FCs encounter many barriers to pain management due to inadequate training. Although some studies have designed pain management training programs for caregivers, the content and durations vary greatly. Thus, there is a lack of consistent recommendation on how to educate caregivers on pain management. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate existing training programs to inform clinical practice and future program design. A literature review was conducted to search available articles published before June 2018 in databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Search strategies used index and keyword methods. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed, research studies published in English that evaluated a pain management education or training for family caregivers. Twenty-seven studied were included. All studies improved either patients’ outcomes (e.g. pain intensity, hospital visits) or caregivers’ outcomes (e.g. knowledge, quality of life). Most studies (85%) had research teams provide caregivers with pain management education via multiple face-to-face training sessions and written booklet, while some studies (15%) had practicing nurses used videophones, web-based platforms, and telehealth to enhance the collaboration of care and pain management with caregivers. Providing adequate pain management training can improve patients’ and caregivers’ outcomes. However, in-person training programs are not practical for busy and overwhelmed caregivers. Researcher-delivered training sessions are not clinically adoptable. Future studies should develop pain management interventions that allow nurses to coach caregivers during routine visits and enhance their communication and collaboration with caregivers.
Carbon Nanotubes: A Status Report

To begin with, one could ask "Why are we so interested in nanometer scale hollow tubes of carbon with typical aspect ratios of about 100?" From a materials science perspective, the oil crisis of the 1970s provided a major impetus for the development of materials that combined light weight with exceptional mechanical properties.
Supporting Agricultural Resilience: The Value of Women Farmers' Communication Practices

While women in the United States (U.S.) are increasingly entering into or being recognized for their role as farm operators, researchers argue that women farmers have been and continue to be under-recognized and researched. In the face of increasing environmental and financial challenges, as well as a variety of challenges related to domestic life, women farmers remain resilient. Buzzanell’s (2010) resilience communication theory suggests that forming and maintaining communication networks is essential to resilience processes. Drawing on interviews with 35 U.S. women farmers, we argue that communication networking is valuable to food systems; specifically, these practices contributed to and reified the resilience of the individual farmers, their farm business, and the greater sustainable agriculture sector. Implications for women farmers as a community of practice, as well as organizations serving these populations, are discussed.
Partial Discharge Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks

Covered conductors are widely adopted in the medium to low voltage systems to prevent faults and ignitions from events such vegetation contacting with distribution lines and conductors slapping together. However, such events could cause partial discharge in deteriorated insulation system of covered conductors and ultimately lead to failure and ignition. To prevent power outages and wildfires, it is crucial to detect partial discharges of overhead power lines and perform predictive maintenance. In this paper, we develop advanced machine learning algorithms to detect partial discharge by using measurements from high frequency voltage sensors. Our innovative approach synergistically combines the merits of spectrogram feature extraction and deep convolutional neural networks. The proposed algorithms are validated using real-world noisy voltage measurements. Compared to the benchmark, our approach achieves notably better performance. Furthermore, the classification results from the neural networks are interpreted with an occlusion map, which identifies suspicious time intervals when partial discharges occur.
Embeddings of weighted graphs in Erdős-type settings

Many recent results in combinatorics concern the relationship between the size of a set and the number of distances determined by pairs of points in the set. One extension of this question considers configurations within the set with a specified pattern of distances. In this paper, we use graph-theoretic methods to prove that a sufficiently large set E must contain at least CG|E| distinct copies of any given weighted tree G, where CG is a constant depending only on the graph G.
Magnetism and electronic structure of YTiO3 thin films

High-quality (001)-oriented (pseudo-cubic notation) ferromagnetic YTiO3 thin films were epitaxially synthesized in a layer-by-layer way by pulsed laser deposition. Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties were characterized by reflection-high-energy-electron-diffraction, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and element-resolved resonant soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. To reveal ferromagnetism of the constituent titanium ions, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy was carried out using four detection modes probing complementary spatial scale, which overcomes a challenge of probing ferromagnetic titanium with pure Ti3+(3d1). Our work provides a pathway to distinguish between the roles of titanium and A-site magnetic rare-earth cations in determining the magnetism in rare-earth titanates thin films and heterostructures.
Telehealth Development, Implementation, and Sustainability Challenges: An Introduction into the Telehealth Service Implementation Model (TSIM™)

As telehealth encounters and investments in telehealth technologies continue to increase across the United States, many organizations are experiencing tremendous challenges in developing telehealth services that can successfully achieve scale and efficiency. While telehealth has the potential to improve care delivery in a more efficient and effective way, development and implementation challenges have impeded its adoption. While some early telehealth frameworks have identified common themes and core principles, a systematic and comprehensive approach to developing, implementing, and sustaining telehealth services is needed. This chapter reviews some of the experience and guidance of early telehealth pioneers, provides examples on how many of those challenges still exist, and introduces an evolving telehealth framework that has assisted the Medical University of South Carolina in becoming a nationally recognized leader in telehealth service development and implementation.
Abstract 51: Disposition of Female Stroke Patients: The Interaction of Age and Race/Ethnicity

Background: A previous study found racial/ethnic disparities in disposition post-acute rehabilitation care. The aim of this study was to examine disposition by type of stroke, stroke severity and c...
Updated Strategies for Making Regular Contact With the Scholarly Literature.

The Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts (Behavior Analyst Certification Board, 2020a) states that behavior analysts must provide services based on the published scientific evidence (Code 2.01, “Providing Effective Treatment”) and maintain competence by reading relevant scholarly literature (Code 1.06, “Maintaining Competence”). Carr and Briggs (2010) acknowledged several potential barriers that might prevent behavior analysts from pursuing this obligation and offered helpful recommendations for circumventing these barriers. Although the nature of these barriers has primarily stayed the same since the publication of Carr and Briggs, the profession and field have grown more complex over the past decade, and several additional barriers have emerged. Luckily, technological advances and resources recently made available offer additional solutions for behavior analysts to consider adopting. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an update to the strategies described by Carr and Briggs for overcoming barriers related to searching the literature, accessing journal content, and contacting the contemporary literature. In addition, we conclude with how leaders might incorporate the proposed strategies into their organization at a systems-wide level.
Consumers’ perceptions of last mile drone delivery

Organisations have begun testing last mile drone delivery and will likely push to use it more in the near future. This research examines the influence of privacy, legislation, organisational trust,...
HeteroFuzz: fuzz testing to detect platform dependent divergence for heterogeneous applications

As specialized hardware accelerators like FPGAs become a prominent part of the current computing landscape, software applications are increasingly constructed to leverage heterogeneous architectures. Such a trend is already happening in the domain of machine learning and Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems built on edge devices. Yet, debugging and testing methods for heterogeneous applications are currently lacking. These applications may look similar to regular C/C++ code but include hardware synthesis details in terms of preprocessor directives. Therefore, their behavior under heterogeneous architectures may diverge significantly from CPU due to hardware synthesis details. Further, the compilation and hardware simulation cycle takes an enormous amount of time, prohibiting frequent invocations required for fuzz testing. We propose a novel fuzz testing technique, called HeteroFuzz, designed to specifically target heterogeneous applications and to detect platform-dependent divergence. The key essence of HeteroFuzz is that it uses a three-pronged approach to reduce the long latency of repetitively invoking a hardware simulator on a heterogeneous application. First, in addition to monitoring code coverage as a fuzzing guidance mechanism, we analyze synthesis pragmas in kernel code and monitor accelerator-relevant value spectra. Second, we design dynamic probabilistic mutations to increase the chance of hitting divergent behavior under different platforms. Third, we memorize the boundaries of seen kernel inputs and skip HLS simulator invocation if it can expose only redundant divergent behavior. We evaluate HeteroFuzz on seven real-world heterogeneous applications with FPGA kernels. HeteroFuzz is 754X faster in exposing the same set of distinct divergence symptoms than naive fuzzing. Probabilistic mutations contribute to 17.5X speed up than the one without. Selective invocation of HLS simulation contributes to 8.8X speed up than the one without.
Complete cysteine-scanning mutagenesis of the Salmonella typhimurium melibiose permease

The melibiose permease of Salmonella typhimurium (MelBSt) catalyzes the stoichiometric symport of galactopyranoside with a cation (H+, Li+, or Na+) and is a prototype for Na+-coupled major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters presenting from bacteria to mammals. X-ray crystal structures of MelBSt have revealed the molecular recognition mechanism for sugar binding; however, understanding of the cation site and symport mechanism is still vague. To further investigate the transport mechanism and conformational dynamics of MelBSt, we generated a complete single-Cys library containing 476 unique mutants by placing a Cys at each position on a functional Cys-less background. Surprisingly, 105 mutants (22%) exhibit poor transport activities (
Incorporating Data Uncertainty in Object Tracking Algorithms.

Methodologies for incorporating the uncertainties characteristic of data-driven object detectors into object tracking algorithms are explored. Object tracking methods rely on measurement error models, typically in the form of measurement noise, false positive rates, and missed detection rates. Each of these quantities, in general, can be dependent on object or measurement location. However, for detections generated from neural-network processed camera inputs, these measurement error statistics are not sufficient to represent the primary source of errors, namely a dissimilarity between run-time sensor input and the training data upon which the detector was trained. To this end, we investigate incorporating data uncertainty into object tracking methods such as to improve the ability to track objects, and particularly those which out-of-distribution w.r.t. training data. The proposed methodologies are validated on an object tracking benchmark as well on experiments with a real autonomous aircraft.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Perception, and Prevalence of Using APRV Among Respiratory Therapists

Background: ARDS is a most serious and fatal disease in ICUs throughout the world with high mortality rates. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) shows significant outcomes when used with ARDS patients resulting in mortality reduction. There are no studies test the knowledge and perception regarding APRV and ARDS besides the APRV prevalence in Saudi Arabia (SA). This study aimed to survey RTs to assess their knowledge and perception of using APRV on patients with ARDS, and to explore the prevalence of using APRV mode in the Eastern Province (EP) of SA. We hypothesized that not many RTs in SA have the knowledge to effectively utilize the APRV mode on ARDS patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed as a self-administered survey based on current literature and research. The population of this study was a non-probability convenience sample. Participants were limited to RTs only. An online link was sent to 116 RTs from 6 hospitals, divided equally into 3 government and 3 private hospitals. After collecting the data, statistical analysis, including the Chi-Square test and the Fisher Exact test were computed to examine differences in APRV knowledge and perceptions between the two types of hospitals. This study was approved by the Georgia State University Institutional Review Board. Results: A total of 52 returned surveys were received with a response rate of 44.8%. The majority of participants were bachelor’s degree holders (90.2%) who had less than 8 years of experience (78%). RTs had a general level of knowledge about ARDS and APRV mode (63%). Most hospitals in the EP use the APRV mode (96%) and used by more than 80% of the respondents, half of whom had positive outcomes. Patients with ARDS were the most common disease when APRV was applied (98%). Few significant differences were found between the two types of hospital therapists in terms of APRV usage (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.006). However, aspects like APRV-ARDS knowledge, perception, and ARDS protocol and practices showed no significant differences between participants in the two groups. Conclusions: The vast majority of EP hospitals used ventilators with the APRV mode and most of their therapists have used the mode. This study identified a gap in literature which revealed limited data involving RTs knowledge and perceptions with APRV used as a treatment for ARDS. Further studies on RTs, involving APRV and ARDS in SA are needed with larger sample size and to include multiple regions of the country.
Phenotypic changes in cell culture.

The history and evolution of cell populations in vitro stem initially from characteristics of the tissues or organs used for explantation. As developmental products, each of these carries a spectrum of identifying markers: distinctive patterns of enzyme activities or unique metabolic products, diagnostic cytoarchitecture or elements of fine structure, and other specificities recognizable microscopically or biochemically. Phenotypic changes in early cultures of animal cells thus commonly derive from forward or retrograde shifts in state of differentiation, rather than from alterations at the genetic level.
Abstract LB-270: Screening of novel phytochemical/s that can protect breast epithelial cells from PhIP induced cytotoxicity

Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) is a known food carcinogen abundantly found in cooked meat. Several studies have shown that PhIP can induce tumors in breast, prostate and colon cells and rodent models. Metabolism of PhIP results in the formation of free radicals (ROS) and PhIP metabolites are known to produce DNA adduct and DNA strand breaks. The metabolism and mutational effects of PhIP are well defined. Phytochemicals are known to inhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that the right combination of antioxidants and or phytochemical (naturally present in fruits, vegetables and spices) along with grilled meat should be capable of suppressing the PhIP induced cytotoxicity and development of breast cancer. Therefore, a model system using human breast epithelial cells (MCF 10A) was developed to mimic the cellular changes and test various antioxidants in presence or absence of PhIP. We have tested four vitamins (C, K3, D3, and E), Gingerol (6 and 10), N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione and curcumin at varying concentrations. The protective effect of these compounds was evaluated using cell viability assay, DCF assay to quantify ROS production, Comet assay to quantify the DNA damage and DNA adduct formation by immunofluorescence method. Results indicate that presence of these compounds improves cell viability as compared to PhIP treated group. However, curcumin showed significant differences and PhIP induced cell cytotoxicity was consistently reverted to normal in presence of Curcumin. Gene expression analysis using RT PCR technique indicates that curcumin interact via multi molecular targets. Hence, the present study suggests that Curcumin is a promising natural compound to regress the effect of PhIP induced cell cytotoxicity in breast cells. Citation Format: Ashok K. Jain. Screening of novel phytochemical/s that can protect breast epithelial cells from PhIP induced cytotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-270
Liability Issues for Individuals

Can an individual government employee be sued and forced to pay damages? What about volunteers who assist the government in responding to an emergency? Are the rules different for physicians and other licensed professionals? These are the questions that we will explore in this chapter. You will learn the ways that liability rules for individuals differ from those that apply to government; how the law can transform nonemployees into employees for purposes of tort liability; the degree to which individual volunteers do and do not have immunity from personal injury lawsuits; and the special laws and registration systems established to encourage health care professionals to volunteer for emergency assistance projects.
Law, Legal Institutions, and the Criminalization of the Underclass

The contemporary underclass is defined not by race but rather by its weak or nonexistent ties to the labor market. Members of the underclass are more likely to be labeled as criminals than are any other members of society. The process is not a tightly coordinated conspiracy, but in various ways police, prosecutors, and jailers routinely deem members of the underclass to be nefarious lawbreakers. While in many cases underclass men and women have committed acts that justify this perception, the criminal justice system as a whole is too eager and too hasty to attach the criminal label to members of the underclass. What’s more, law and legal institutions contribute to an even broader process of criminalization, one which assumes the entire underclass is criminal. This criminalization of the underclass dooms members of the underclass to be outsiders in American life and becomes a central and powerful premise in the general framework of sociopolitical thought.
A Data‐Driven Inventory Control Policy for Cash Logistics Operations: An Exploratory Case Study Application at a Financial Institution

A number of market changes are impacting the way financial institutions are managing their automated teller machines (ATMs). We propose a new class of adaptive data-driven policies for a stochastic inventory control problem faced by a large financial institution that manages cash at several ATMs. Senior management were concerned that their current cash supply system to manage ATMs was inefficient and outdated, and suspected that using improved cash management could reduce overall system cost. Our task was to provide a robust procedure to tackle the ATM's cash deployment strategies. Current industry practice uses a periodic review system with infrequent parameter updates for cash management based on the assumption that demand is normally distributed during the review period. This assumption did not hold during our investigation, warranting a new and robust analysis. Moreover, we discovered that forecast errors are often not normally distributed and that these error distributions change dramatically over time. Our approach finds the optimal time series forecaster and the best-fitting weekly forecast error distribution. The guaranteed optimal target cash inventory level and time between orders could only be obtained through an optimization module that was embedded in a simulation routine that we built for the institution. We employed an exploratory case study methodology to collect cash withdrawal data at 21 ATMs owned and operated by the financial institution. Our new approach shows a 4.6% overall cost reduction. This reflects an annual cost savings of over $250,000 for the 2,500 ATM units that are operated by the bank.
A robust approach for space based sensor bias estimation in the presence of data association uncertainty

In this paper, an approach to bias estimation in the presence of measurement association uncertainty using common targets of opportunity, is developed. Data association is carried out before the estimation of sensor angle measurement biases. Consequently, the quality of data association is critical to the overall tracking performance. Data association becomes especially challenging if the sensors are passive. Mathematically, the problem can be formulated as a multidimensional optimization problem, where the objective is to maximize the generalized likelihood that the associated measurements correspond to common targets, based on target locations and sensor bias estimates. Applying gating techniques significantly reduces the size of this problem. The association likelihoods are evaluated using an exhaustive search after which an acceptance test is applied to each solution in order to obtain the optimal (correct) solution. We demonstrate the merits of this approach by applying it to a simulated tracking system, which consists of two satellites tracking a ballistic target. We assume the sensors are synchronized, their locations are known, and we estimate their orientation biases together with the unknown target locations.
Transitional nuclei in the rare-earth region: Energy levels and structure of 130,132Ce, 132,134Nd, and 134Pm, via beta decay of 130,132Pr, 132,134Pm, and 134Sm.

An investigation of low-lying energy levels of $^{130,132}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{132,134}\mathrm{Nd}$, and $^{134}\mathrm{Pm}$ has been made via \ensuremath{\beta} decay, especially of those levels in the ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$=${2}^{+}$ gamma band in the even-even nuclei. The radioactive parent nuclei were produced by the $^{92}\mathrm{Mo}$${(}^{46}$Ti,xpyn) and $^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$${(}^{28}$Si,xpyn) reactions with bombarding energies of 170 to 240 MeV. An isotope separator enabled A=134 mass identification. Level schemes of these five nuclei were constructed from \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma}-t coincidence data. The \ensuremath{\beta}-decay half-lives of the parent nuclei, $^{130}\mathrm{Pr}$, $^{132}\mathrm{Pr}$, $^{132}\mathrm{Pm}$, $^{134}\mathrm{Pm}$, and $^{134}\mathrm{Sm}$, were determined to be 40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4, 96\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}18, 8.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8, 23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2, and 9.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 s, respectively. The suitability of the proton-neutron interaction boson model in describing $^{130}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{132}\mathrm{Ce}$, $^{132}\mathrm{Nd}$, and $^{134}\mathrm{Nd}$ is supported by the comparison of experimental relative E2 transition probabilities with proton-neutron interaction boson model predictions.
The Role of Complexity in Human Performance, Memory, and Training

The objective of this symposium is to discuss research dealing with the role of complexity in functions and tasks commonly allocated to the operators/users of systems. Systems of greater capability are being designed and the complexity of operation is increasing. Conceptual/experimental approaches to complexity are reviewed under the categories of procedural, cognitive, and conceptual complexity. Specific projects are reviewed on the effects of complexity on memory for procedures, information extraction for displays, and flight operations in the glass cockpit.