cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trailing-edge noise reduction using derivative-free optimization and large-eddy simulation

Derivative-free optimization techniques are applied in conjunction with large-eddy simulation (LES) to reduce the noise generated by turbulent flow over a hydrofoil trailing edge. A cost function proportional to the radiated acoustic power is derived based on the Ffowcs Williams and Hall solution to Lighthill's equation. Optimization is performed using the surrogate-management framework with filter-based constraints for lift and drag. To make the optimization more efficient, a novel method has been developed to incorporate Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) calculations for constraint evaluation. Separation of the constraint and cost-function computations using this method results in fewer expensive LES computations. This work demonstrates the ability to fully couple optimization to large-eddy simulation for time-accurate turbulent flow. The results demonstrate an 89% reduction in noise power, which comes about primarily by the elimination of low-frequency vortex shedding. The higher-frequency broadband noise is reduced as well, by a subtle change in the lower surface near the trailing edge.
Nutritional Rehabilitation for Brain-Injured Infants: Catch-up Growth Is Good

No longer in neonatal nutrition are we focusing on just meeting nutritional needs. New questions to consider include, “Can nutrition in early life affect the patient's response to disease?” and “Does nutrition matter for long-term health and neurodevelopment?” In this issue of Pediatrics , Dabydeen et al1 provide insight into the possibilities. Term and preterm infants with severe neonatal encephalopathy were randomly assigned; the study included a treatment group that consisted of infants receiving 120% energy and protein intake from term through 12 months of age. Occipitofrontal circumference and axonal diameters in the corticospinal tract, estimated by transcranial magnetic stimulation, were increased in those who were receiving the higher-energy and -protein diet. Does this study's results strictly demonstrate nutritional rehabilitation (ie, providing an intervention to ameliorate … Address correspondence to David H. Adamkin, MD, University of Louisville, Neonatal Medicine, 571 S Floyd St, Louisville, KY 40202. E-mail: david.adamkin{at}louisville.edu
Photoreactivation of killing in Streptomyces: action spectra and kinetic studies.

— An action spectrum was obtained for photoreactivation of killing (PR) of Streptomyces griseus conidia. This spectrum shows a major peak around 436 nm, originally observed by A. Kelner, and a secondary peak at 313 nm not previously reported. The rate of PR shows a strong dependence upon temperature and dose rate of the PR light at 436 nm, but this decreases to only a slight dependence upon these parameters at 313 nm. These findings suggested that PR at 436 nm in this organism is of the usual photoenzymatic type, but that PR at 313 nm might be of a different kind. A mutant (PHR-1) of S. griseus was found that shows only a narrow range of PR (roughly 310–400 nm) with a single peak at 313 nm. The PR efficiency was lower than for wild type and the PR sector not greater than one-half that of wild type. This PR shows no temperature dependence. Essentially similar behavior was observed with wild-type Streptomyces coelicolor. These findings show that at least some of the PR at 313 nm is a separable phenomenon. It is therefore unlikely to involve a mechanism identical to that at 436 nm. The nature of PR at 313 nm in Streptomyces is not known. If it is enzymatic, it is remarkable in having little or no dependence upon temperature and dose rate. Absence of photoprotection and liquid-holding recovery indicate that it is not indirect PR. Some of it (that part exhibited by S. griseus PHR-1 and S. coelicolor) might result from a direct photochemical action on DNA.
Non-linear dependence? A look at the Treasury Bill futures market

The process that generates 90-day US Treasury Bill futures prices is investigated. Tests for linear and non-linear dependence are conducted. No notable linear dependence is found, however, evidence from several tests suggest that futures prices contain significant non-linear dependencies. ARCH processes successfully model this data, but other non-linear models that are more sensitive to dependencies found in the mean of the data should also be considered.
Kinematical and gravitational analysis of the rocket-borne clock experiment by Vessot and Levine using the revised Robertson's test theory of special relativity

The kinematic aspects of the rocket-borne clock experiment by Vessot and Levine are analyzed with the revised Robertson's test theory of special relativity (Found. Phys. 14, 625 (1984)). Besides the expected time-dilation, it is found that the intermediate steps of this experiment yield in principle Michelson-Morley type information (a relation between longitudinal and transverse length contractions) in the third order of the velocities involved, but no relativity-of-simultaneity related effects. The flat space-time test theory induces a family of “spherically symmetric” line elements that become the Schwarzschild line element in the relativistic case and also in theabinito rest frame of the theory. These line elements represent the same space-time manifold, but pertain in a one-to-one correspondence to the different flat space-time coordinate transformations of the test theory. The conserved energy is related to the family of local energies in the tangent plane. No deviations from the orthodoxy appear at the pertinent levels of approximation. Hence the unexplained residuals of the Vessot-Levine experiment are not due in obvious ways to kinematic and gravitational frequency shifts caused by deviations of the “real” coordinate transformations from the Lorentz transformations.
Real-time observation of epitaxial graphene domain reorientation

Graphene films grown by vapour deposition tend to be polycrystalline due to the nucleation and growth of islands with different in-plane orientations. Here, using low-energy electron microscopy, we find that micron-sized graphene islands on Ir(111) rotate to a preferred orientation during thermal annealing. We observe three alignment mechanisms: the simultaneous growth of aligned domains and dissolution of rotated domains, that is, 'ripening'; domain boundary motion within islands; and continuous lattice rotation of entire domains. By measuring the relative growth velocity of domains during ripening, we estimate that the driving force for alignment is on the order of 0.1 meV per C atom and increases with rotation angle. A simple model of the orientation-dependent energy associated with the moire corrugation of the graphene sheet due to local variations in the graphene-substrate interaction reproduces the results. This work suggests new strategies for improving the van der Waals epitaxy of 2D materials.
Three-dimensional self-assembly of millimetre-scale components

The spontaneous association of molecules, termed molecular self-assembly, is a successful strategy for the generation of large, structured molecular aggregates1. The most important source of inspiration for this strategy is the biological world, in which many processes involve interfacial interactions and shape selectivity that guide the formation of complex, multicomponent three-dimensional structures. The success of molecular self-assembly notwithstanding, many objectives in science and technology require the assembly of components that are much larger than molecules: examples include microelectronic and microelectro-mechanical systems, sensors and microanalytical and micro-synthetic devices2. Photolithography, the principal technique used to make such microstructures, has certain limitations: it cannot easily form non-planar or three-dimensional structures; it generates structures that are metastable; and it can be used only for a limited set of materials3. Here we describe an approach for the self-assembly of millimetre-scale components that uses two concepts to direct the assembly process: shape recognition and the minimization of liquid–liquid interfacial free energies4. These play a role in other spontaneous self-assembly phenomena, such as the formation of bubble rafts5,6, the patterned dewetting of surfaces7,8, and the coalescence of liquid drops9. We apply self-assembled monolayer molecular films10 to the surfaces of shaped macroscopic objects to render them hydrophilic or hydrophobic, depending on the terminal groups of the bound molecules. In aqueous solution, hydrophobic surfaces bearing a thin film of a hydrophobic, lubricating liquid adhere to similar surfaces with complementary shapes, while being able to adjust their relative alignment to ensure a good fit. In this way, the components assemble into well defined aggregates, which can be bound permanently when the hydrophobic liquid films consist of a polymerizable adhesive.
Emotional sequelae of stroke: A longitudinal perspective

This study investigated emotional change following stroke at acute (2-week), 2-month, and 6-month time intervals. Five dimensions of emotional functioning were examined in a sample of 19 stroke subjects: indifference, inappropriateness, depression, mania, and pragnosia (a defect in the pragmatics of social communicative style). Results showed that, at the 2-month point, differential recovery rates become apparent depending on hemispheric side of the stroke lesion. Increased indifference, inappropriateness, and depression appear to account for these results and suggest a slower rate of recovery on these variables in the left hemisphere group (LH n = 9) compared to the right (RH n = 10). Results further indicate that, at the 6-month point, emotional functioning in RH subjects appears to worsen. In contrast, emotional recovery in LH subjects seems to stabilize at this time. Clinical implications of these findings in terms of type and timing of intervention are discussed.
Dexamethasone inhibition of trabecular meshwork cell phagocytosis and its modulation by glucocorticoid receptor β

Abstract Glucocorticoid treatment can lead to the development of glaucomatous ocular hypertension and a secondary open-angle glaucoma due to increased aqueous humor outflow resistance that is associated with morphological and biochemical changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM). The cellular responses of glucocorticoids are achieved by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), a ligand-activated transcription factor. An alternatively spliced variant, glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ), has dominant negative activity on GRα and has been implicated in a variety of steroid-resistant diseases. We previously showed that GRβ can block dexamethasone (DEX) responsiveness in TM cells. TM cells are actively phagocytic and function in the removal of debris, pigment and other materials from the aqueous outflow drainage pathway. A decrease in phagocytic activity has been proposed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma. In this study, we investigated the effect of DEX and GRβ on phagocytosis in normal and glaucomatous TM cells. Human transformed normal NTM-5 and primary normal NTM174-00 cells, which express relatively high amounts of GRβ, and transformed glaucomatous GTM-3 and primary glaucomatous GTM520-05 cells, which have lower GRβ expression, were treated with 100 nM DEX or vehicle control for 24 h. NTM cells also were transfected with a control or GRβ expression plasmid to examine the effect of GRβ on phagocytic activity. The cells were incubated with Alexa 488 conjugated Straphylococcus aureus bioparticles opsonized with rabbit IgG for 1 h, followed by fixation and incubation with Alexa 633 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG to distinguish ingested from extracellular bioparticles. DAPI nuclear staining was used to quantify cell numbers. Cells and bioparticles were visualized by confocal microscopy. We found that NTM-5 cells ingested more bioparticles than GTM-3 cells. DEX treatment significantly decreased the phagocytosis of bioparticles in NTM-5 and GTM-3 cells, while GTM-3 cells were more responsive to DEX, compared to NTM-5 cells. In primary cell culture, NTM174-00 also engulfed more bioparticles than GTM520-05 cells. DEX treatment significantly decreased the phagocytic activity in GTM520-05, but not in NTM174-00 cells. Transient transfection of pCMX-hGRβ plasmid increased the expression of GRβ and consequently maintained the phagocytotic activity of NTM-5 cells in the presence of DEX. Our data demonstrated that the expression level of GRβ in TM cells can regulate DEX-induced suppression of phagocytotic activity. The lower expression of GRβ in glaucomatous TM cells may contribute to the altered phagocytic function of TM cells, and may lead to the increased aqueous humor outflow resistance mediated by glucocorticoids.
Problems with the use of conventional anticonvulsant drugs in mentally retarded individuals.

Special problems in the use of anticonvulsant agents in the mentally retarded are reviewed. Effects of barbiturates on mental abilities and of Phenytoin on facial appearance are especially undesirable side effects of these agents in mentally retarded individuals. Careful consideration should be given to selection of anticonvulsants that minimally interfere with the long-term rehabilitation of mentally retarded persons. The relationship of paroxysmal EEG abnormalities, episodic violence and hysteroepilepsy to epilepsy is discussed.
Microstructured Hydrophobic Skin for Hydrodynamic Drag Reduction

6Wood, D. H., “A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Stall-Delay on Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 37, 1991, pp. 1–14. 7Cebecci, T., An Engineering Approach to the Calculation of Aerodynamic Flows, Springer, Berlin, 1999, pp. 51–62. 8Banks, W. H. H., and Gaad, G. E., “Delaying Effect of Rotation on Laminar Separation,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1963, pp. 941, 942.
Simulation of Concentrated Photovoltaic Cooling System

This paper reports work underway in converting a dish-Stirling system to a dish-PV system at UNLV. The existing SAIC dish–Stirling system is being retrofitted with new fixed-focus facets and an Amonix photovoltaic receiver to replace the Stirling engine/generator package. As is the case with photovoltaic systems generally, the Amonix cells being used in this application lose efficiency as their temperatures increase. To combat this effect, cooling is provided by circulating liquid through channels in the backing plate. The liquid is then pumped through an array of automotive type radiators and the excess heat is rejected to the ambient air. Reported here is the development of a numerical model for the cooling system, with specific attention being paid to the transient response. Experimental data is taken to determine the various properties of the individual components to be used in the system and this data is used in a MatLab-based simulation. The cooling system model can then be linked to a similar model for the receiver and cell assembly and the optimization functions included in MatLab can be used to select the input parameters (pump size, number of radiators, fan speed, etc.) that maximize the overall efficiency of the system. The predictions of the model can be used in the selection of the final cooling system design and the validity of the model can be checked against the actual performance of the unit.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
N-bromoacetyl 5-methoxytryptamine: an irreversible melatonin ligand?

The effects of N-bromoacetyl 5-methoxytryptamine (BraMT) and some related bromoacyl melatonin and tryptamine derivatives on 2-[125I]iodomelatonin (2-[125I]aMT) binding in chicken brain membranes were examined. All analogues displaced specific binding to chicken brain membranes in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation of chicken brain membranes with BraMT (10−8M) did not significantly alter either 2-[125I]aMT binding site affinity (Kd) or density (Bmax). SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of chicken brain membrane proteins preincubated with 2-[125I]BraMT indicated that numerous proteins were labelled. The incorporation of radiolabel into these proteins was not blocked by melatonin, 2-iodomelatonin or N-(l ,4 dinitrophenyl)-5-methoxytryptamine (ML-23), but was reduced by BraMT. In contrast to previous reports on hamster and rat brain membranes, the present results provide no evidence that BraMT or 2-[125I]BraMT affinity labels specific melatonin binding proteins in chicken brain.
Scenario-based air traffic flow management: From theory to practice

Abstract Recent developments in solving the single airport ground holding problem use static or dynamic optimization to manage uncertainty about how airport capacities will evolve. Both static and dynamic models involve the use of scenarios that depict different possible capacity evolutions. Dynamic models also require scenario trees featuring branch points where previously similar capacity profiles become distinct. In this paper, we present methodologies for generating and using scenario trees from empirical data and examine the performance of scenario-based models in a real-world setting. We find that most US airports have capacity profiles that can be classified into a small number of nominal scenarios, and for a number of airports these scenarios can be naturally combined into scenario trees. The costs incurred from applying scenario-based optimization, either static or dynamic, to these airports is considerably higher than the “theoretical” optimization results suggest because actual capacities vary around the nominal values assumed in the optimization, and because of uncertainty in navigating scenario trees that the idealized models ignore. Methods for tuning capacity scenarios and scenario trees to mitigate these problems are explored.
Nearly identical members of the heterogeneous LAP gene family are expressed in thymus of different mouse strains

Poly(A)RNAs prepared from the thymuses of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice were used to construct cDNA libraries in the bacterial expression vector lambda gt11. The libraries were scanned first for protein production with polyvalent antiserum prepared against the 73kDa gag protein of mouse intracisternal A-particles (IAP). Reactive plaques were crossed-screened by hybridization with an IAP-specific DNA probe. Two IAP-specific protein-producing plaques were obtained from the C57BL/6 library and 4 from the DBA/2 library. One C57BL/6 cDNA clone (B12) and two DBA cDNA clones (D8 and D20) were sequenced in their entirety. Clones B12 and D8 were remarkably similar, particularly when compared to the 6 other IAP elements that have been sequenced thus far. We discuss the evidence which leads us to suggest that these clones may be derived from allelic IAP elements expressed in mouse thymus.
Effect of bile salt on digestive enzymes of rat pancreatic juice

Abstract The activation and stability of various rat pancreatic juice zymogens and enzymes in the presence of trypsin and bile salts have been studied. Using model substrates to avoid earlier findings of detergent effects of bile salts, it was shown that sodium taurocholate does not affect tryptic activation or stability of endogenous pancreatic juice trypsin, procarboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.2.1), procarboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.2.2.), or 1he activities of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.16), and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3). In the presence of the bile salt, the rate of chymotrypsin (EC 3.4. 4.5) activation and subsequent inactivation appeared to proceed more rapidly than without bile salt, and this effect was duplicated by using crystalline chymotrypsin. The addition of crystalline trypsin to rat pancreatic juice caused a rapid inactivation of sterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13), whereas prior addition of bile salt completely protected the enzyme for as long as 90 minutes. Thus, of all pancreatic juice enzymes studied, the protective effect of taurocholate for sterol ester hydrolase appears to be unique and specific, and provides additional indirect evidence for the cofactor role of specific bile salts for this enzyme.
Argatroban and lepirudin requirements in a 6-year-old patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

A 6-year-old girl required argatroban at dosages up to 18 μg/kg/minute for treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type 2; however, her activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values remained subtherapeutic. Treatment was converted to lepirudin, which resulted in therapeutic aPTT values, and later to long-term warfarin therapy; no further thromboembolic incidents occurred. The reporting of cases of HIT in prepubertal patients has generally been scarce. Argatroban and lepirudin dosing and pharmacokinetics have not yet been established for young children. The argatroban dosage for this patient exceeded the upper limit of the dose range for adults. Several possible explanations for why argatroban did not illustrate typical first-order pharmacokinetics in this patient are discussed, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban are compared with those of lepirudin, with special consideration given to the pediatric population.
Non-destructive condition evaluation of stress in steel cable using magnetoelastic technology

This paper is focus on the applications of EM sensor in stress measurement for steel cables used in bridges. The calibration of the EM sensors has been investigated. A new methodology makes this calibration process done either in the laboratory or in the field. Application of EM sensors on QianJiang No.4 Bridge to monitor the stresses of key hanger cables and post-tensioned cables is presented. Furthermore, a multi-EM sensor configuration has been developed to monitor the stress in a multi-strand-cable system.
Thermal Analysis of A Novel Hybrid Multilevel Megawatt AC Drive with ETO Devices

The hybrid multilevel converter topology was proposed recently to reduce the number of DC sources needed in a cascaded multilevel converter. This paper proposes to use the hybrid multilevel converter topology and the emerging medium voltage ETO (Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor) devices for megawatt AC drives. A case study and thermal analysis show that the proposed AC drive can have higher output power capability, higher output power quality with low device switching frequency when compared to the traditional megawatt AC drives with SPWM method under the same thermal conditions. Therefore, the proposed hybrid megawatt AC drive is an attractive low cost solution to future medium voltage drive applications with output voltage higher than 3300 V.
Turing machines, transition systems, and interaction

This paper presents persistent Turing machines (PTMs), a new way of interpreting Turing-machine computation, based on dynamic stream semantics. A PTM is a Turing machine that performs an infinite sequence of ''normal'' Turing machine computations, where each such computation starts when the PTM reads an input from its input tape and ends when the PTM produces an output on its output tape. The PTM has an additional worktape, which retains its content from one computation to the next; this is what we mean by persistence. A number of results are presented for this model, including a proof that the class of PTMs is isomorphic to a general class of effective transition systems called interactive transition systems; and a proof that PTMs without persistence (amnesic PTMs) are less expressive than PTMs. As an analogue of the Church-Turing hypothesis which relates Turing machines to algorithmic computation, it is hypothesized that PTMs capture the intuitive notion of sequential interactive computation.
Halbwachs and Durkheim: a test of two theories of suicide.

The social integration hypothesis forms the basis of this study. It was first asserted by Durkheim in late nineteenth-century France and many of his assumptions are based on a social disorganizational model. This model tended to equate social change with the breakdown of social control and many of Durkheim's notions about anomie are derived from this view of industrial society. Halbwachs, on the other hand, proposed a social psychological theory of suicide. His model specifies more clearly the conditions under which lack of social integration may induce suicide. This study shows that among a population in transition, the Alaska Natives, the suicide rate was explained by the Halbwachsian model at least as well as the Durkheimian one and sometimes better. The Durkheimian model is shown to reflect a Cartesian dualism, which accounts only for that which is observable, thus making for biased studies of suicide. Moreover, psychopathological research confirms the Halbwachsian model. These findings restore the social isolation theory, once long neglected, to its rightful place among theories of suicide and opens up an important field for researchers seeking to understand high rates of suicide. Language: en
Convergence of posterior odds

Abstract The problem of approximating an interval null or imprecise hypothesis test by a point null or precise hypothesis test under a Bayesian framework is considered. In the literature, some of the methods for solving this problem have used the Bayes factor for testing a point null and justified it as an approximation to the interval null. However, many authors recommend evaluating tests through the posterior odds, a Bayesian measure of evidence against the null hypothesis. It is of interest then to determine whether similar results hold when using the posterior odds as the primary measure of evidence. For the prior distributions under which the approximation holds with respect to the Bayes factor, it is shown that the posterior odds for testing the point null hypothesis does not approximate the posterior odds for testing the interval null hypothesis. In fact, in order to obtain convergence of the posterior odds, a number of restrictive conditions need to be placed on the prior structure. Furthermore, under a non-symmetrical prior setup, neither the Bayes factor nor the posterior odds for testing the imprecise hypothesis converges to the Bayes factor or posterior odds respectively for testing the precise hypothesis. To rectify this dilemma, it is shown that constraints need to be placed on the priors. In both situations, the class of priors constructed to ensure convergence of the posterior odds are not practically useful, thus questioning, from a Bayesian perspective, the appropriateness of point null testing in a problem better represented by an interval null. The theories developed are also applied to an epidemiological data set from White et al. (Can. Veterinary J. 30 (1989) 147–149.) in order to illustrate and study priors for which the point null hypothesis test approximates the interval null hypothesis test. AMS Classification: Primary 62F15; Secondary 62A15
Precipitation of metal-cupferron complexes from homogeneous solution-I: determination of copper.

The cupferron complex of titanium has been precipitated by the addition of phenylhydroxylamine and sodium nitrite to a cold acidic solution of the metal. Details of the method are given. Separation of titanium from aluminium, borate, phosphate and vanadate is described.
Exploring hypermedia support in Jersey

The REST architectural style, as defined by Roy Fielding in his thesis [3], is characterized by four constraints: (i) identification of resources (ii) manipulation of resources through representations (iii) self-descriptive messages and (iv) hyper-media as the engine of application state. It is constraint (iv), hypermedia as the engine of application state or HATEOAS for short, that is the least understood and the focus of this paper. HATEOAS refers to the use of hyperlinks in resource representations as a way of navigating the state machine of an application.
Intracistron Recombination in the Wx/wx Region in Maize

Five independently occurring waxy (wx) mutants produce low frequencies of standard type ( Wx ) pollen grains (0.3 to 3.8 x 10 –5 ). In crosses between these mutants, frequencies of Wx pollen grains range from 1.4 to 88 x 10 -5 , depending on the cross. Data from the crosses allow the ordering of the mutants within the region. Functional complementation between the different mutants does not occur.
Kaiso uses all three zinc fingers and adjacent sequence motifs for high affinity binding to sequence-specific and methyl-CpG DNA targets

Kaiso is a Cys2His2 zinc finger (ZF) protein that mediates methyl-CpG-dependent and sequence-specific transcriptional repression. As a first step towards elucidating the structural and molecular basis for recognition of these disparate DNA sequences, the minimal binding region of Kaiso was identified and optimal DNA sequences for high-affinity interactions were characterized. Contrary to previous findings, Kaiso requires all three zinc fingers plus adjacent protein regions for DNA recognition. An N-terminal extension contributes to structural stability, while an extended C-terminal region augments DNA binding. Complexes formed between the optimized Kaiso construct and both DNA sequences are suitable for future structural evaluation.
Effects of Synthetic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Dopamine on the Release of Immunoreactive β-Endorphin/β-Lipotropin and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone from Human Fetal Pituitaries in Vitro*

The effects of synthetic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and dopamine on immunoreactive β-endorphin/ β-lipotropin (iβ-END/LPH) and aMSH release were studied in superfused human fetal pituitary glands. CRF (20 ng) stimulated the release of iβ-END/LPH in four anterior hemipituitaries from fetuses older than 20 weeks in gestation. There was no effect on three anterior hemipituitaries from fetuses of 19–20 weeks gestation. CRF had no effect on iβ-END/LPH or αMSH secretion from neurointermediate lobes regardless of fetal age. Dopamine (10−6 M) had no effect on iβ-END/LPH or αMSH secretion from either anterior or neurointermediate lobes. The data suggest that anterior pituitary responsiveness to CRF develops at about 20 weeks gestation and that fetal neurointermediate lobe secretion of peptides is not regulated by CRF. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 55: 1149, 1982)
Dynamic interfacial debonding initiation induced by an incident crack

When a crack propagates towards a weak interface, interface debonding may occur before the incident crack reaches the interface. This phenomenon refers to the “Cook–Gordon mechanism”. In this investigation, an equivalent dynamic Cook–Gordon mechanism is studied both experimentally and analytically. Two strength-based criteria incorporating dynamic fracture mechanics analysis are proposed to predict the initiation location of interface debonding ahead of a dynamic incident crack. As validation, a comparison is made between the analytical predictions and experimental measurements. Results show that the strength-based criteria can effectively predict the initiation of interface debonding. Meanwhile, effects of the stress intensity factor and the T stress of the incident crack, on the interfacial debonding initiation are investigated. It is concluded that high-stress intensity factors of the incident cracks will easily induce interfacial debonding initiation, and changing the T stress is an effective way to control interfacial debonding initiation. Furthermore, high-interfacial tensile strengths rather than shear strengths, tend to suppress interfacial debonding initiation induced by a mode-I incident crack.
Using Points of Presence to Measure Accessibility to the Commercial Internet

As the Internet continues to grow, questions of accessibility and infrastructure equity persist. In the increasingly competitive telecommunications industry, profit-seeking firms continue to upgrade infrastructure in select market areas creating an uneven spatial distribution of access opportunities. This article utilizes a longitudinal database of Internet infrastructure development, highlighting fiber-optic backbone points of presence (POP) established by commercial Internet service providers to examine city accessibility to the commercial Internet. Results indicate that many larger metropolitan areas maintain dominant shares of telecom infrastructure, but several midsized metros are emerging as important centers for telecommunication interconnection.
Hydrodynamic simulations of flare/surge events.

A one-dimensional, hydrodynamic, time-dependent model has been developed which simulates the major observed dynamics of flare associated surges. In particular, the thermodynamics, the surge mass, the time scales, the physical dimensions and the velocities of typical surge events are reproduced. The surge is created by a sudden increase in pressure at the top of the chromosphere. This pressure pulse produces a disturbance which is followed, with a time-dependent numerical solution, as it propagates upward through the transition region and into the corona. The leading edge of the disturbance is a weak shock which has only a slight effect on the original transition region and coronal thermodynamics. The major effect occurs in a region behind the shock where the temperature is decreased and the density is increased. This cool, dense region (the simulated surge event) moves upward initially and then begins falling back downward. After the material begins returning to the chromosphere, a second shock is formed in the chromosphere which propagates upward, brings the infalling material to rest and returns the atmosphere to hydrostatic equilibrium.
Transglutaminase-catalyzed site-specific conjugation of small-molecule probes to proteins in vitro and on the surface of living cells.

Site-specific protein labeling methods allow cell biologists to access the vast array of existing chemical probes for the study of specific proteins of interest in the live cell context. Here we describe the use of the transglutaminase enzyme from guinea pig liver (gpTGase), whose natural function is to cross-link glutamine and lysine side chains, to covalently conjugate various small-molecule probes to recombinant proteins fused to a 6- or 7-amino acid transglutaminase recognition sequence, called a Q-tag. We demonstrate labeling of Q-tag fusion proteins both in vitro and on the surface of living mammalian cells with biotin, fluorophores, and a benzophenone photoaffinity probe. To illustrate the utility of this labeling, we tagged the NF-κB p50 transcription factor with benzophenone, cross-linked with UV light, and observed increased levels of p50 homodimerization in the presence of DNA and the binding protein myotrophin.
Stress-Hyperresponsive WKY Rats Demonstrate Depressed Dorsal Raphe Neuronal Excitability and Dysregulated CRF-Mediated Responses

Major depression is a debilitating psychiatric disease that may be precipitated by a dysregulation of stress neurocircuitry caused by chronic or severe stress exposure. Moreover, hyperresponsivity to stressors correlates with depressed mood and may contribute to the etiology of major depression. The serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is an important site in the neurocircuitry underlying behavioral responses to stressors, and is tightly regulated, in part, by a combination of intrinsic cell properties, autoinhibition, and GABAergic synaptic transmission. The stress-related neurotransmitter corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) modulates DRN neuronal excitability and subsequent 5-HT release in the forebrain. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats exhibit exaggerated behavioral responses to stressors, that is, stress hyperresponsivity, and are considered an animal model of depression. To better understand the neurobiological basis of the stress hyperresponsivity, we used a combination of mRNA analysis and whole-cell electrophysiological techniques to measure differences in intrinsic activity and receptor response, in 5-HT- and non-5-HT-containing neurons of the DRN in WKY rats compared with Sprague-Dawley controls. In the WKY rat, there was a decrease in the neuronal excitability of 5-HT neurons coupled with decreased TPH2 production. Additionally, we found that CRF did not increase GABAergic activity in 5-HT neurons as is normally seen in 5-HT neurons of Sprague-Dawley controls. The CRF modulation of 5-HT DRN neurotransmission at the single-cell level is selectively disrupted in the WKY animal model of depression and may be one of the cellular correlates underlying depression.
An HDAC-dependent epigenetic mechanism that enhances the efficacy of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine

Depression is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric illnesses. However, currently prescribed antidepressant drugs are only efficacious in a limited group of patients. Studies on Balb/c mice suggested that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition may enhance the efficacy of the widely-prescribed antidepressant drug fluoxetine. This study shows that reducing HDAC activity in fluoxetine-treated Balb/c mice leads to robust antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. While reducing the activity of class I HDACs 1 and 3 led to antidepressant effects, additional class II HDAC inhibition was necessary to exert anxiolytic effects. In fluoxetine-treated mice, HDAC inhibitors increased enrichment of acetylated histone H4 protein and RNA polymerase II at promotor 3 of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene and increased Bdnf transcription from this promotor. Reducing Bdnf-stimulated tropomyosin kinase B receptor activation in fluoxetine-treated mice with low HDAC activity abolished the behavioral effects of fluoxetine, suggesting that the HDAC-triggered epigenetic stimulation of Bdnf expression is critical for therapeutic efficacy.
Production Rate and Contractor Behavior

Abstract There has been much interest in recent years in the relationships among learning, production rate, and program costs. These relationships are of particular interest in military acquisitions research where, because of the nature of the funding process, the government must assess the cost impact of numerous production rate changes. One approach that is often used to analyze the problem is an empirical application of the “Alchian cost function.” Department of Defense analysts routinely use these models for planning purposes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the models as being applied imply nonsensical contractor behavior.
Prostate cancer serum biomarker discovery through proteomic analysis of alpha-2 macroglobulin protein complexes

Alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) functions as a universal protease inhibitor in serum and is capable of binding various cytokines and growth factors. In this study, we investigated if immunoaffinity enrichment and proteomic analysis of A2M protein complexes from human serum could improve detection of biologically relevant and novel candidate protein biomarkers in prostate cancer. Serum samples from six patients with androgen-independent, metastatic prostate cancer and six control patients without malignancy were analyzed by immunoaffinity enrichment of A2M protein complexes and MS identification of associated proteins. Known A2M substrates were reproducibly identified from patient serum in both cohorts, as well as proteins previously undetected in human serum. One example is heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), which was identified only in the serum of cancer patients in this study. Using an ELISA, the presence of HSP90α in human serum was validated on expanded test cohorts and found to exist in higher median serum concentrations in prostate cancer (n = 18) relative to control (n = 13) patients (median concentrations 50.7 versus 27.6 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.001). Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of this approach and support the analysis of A2M protein complexes for proteomic-based serum biomarker discovery.
Thinking About Queer International Relations’ Allies

What does it mean to be an ally to not only communities mobilizing for justice but also to a field of study/scholars? I contend that this question is vital and pivotal as we try to grapple with Queer International Relations (IR)/Global Queer Studies’ relationship with the IR discipline. In the context of academic institutions and practices, I see “allies” as those who may not regularly cite, rely upon, study, teach, or participate in a particular field of studies but are interested and invested in the development and endurance of that scholarship. But what is done to and with Queer IR by allies? Are ally politics aiming to deconstruct, dismantle, and radically transform the very systems of which they are beneficiaries? Or are allies leaving power relationships intact because they are actually uneasy with, dismissive of, or unclear about Queer IR theorizing? Scholars working in queer studies, critical race studies, or on allegedly “peripheral” topics have increasingly questioned the politics of their so-called allies, among students, faculty, administration, and the profession as a whole (Carver 2009; Ahmed 2012; Gutierrez y Muhs, Niemann, Gonzalez, and Harris 2012). Perhaps, for some, being an ally means establishing queer-friendly credentials, so they might support the work of a scholar who does Queer IR or devote a week of attention in their IR class to Global Queer Studies to illustrate the “diversity” of IR theories. Or, they might enfold Queer IR insights within slightly “safer” research agendas, such as “human rights.” But how far are they willing to go in creating space for Queer IR to challenge how IR is performed, or how marginalized scholars are treated as different, anomalies, and incompetent? Anecdotal evidence reveals that scholars doing Queer IR, like other marginalized academics, face troubling encounters on blogs and Facebook pages, in conferences, …
Observational Buoy Studies of Coastal Air-Sea Fluxes

Recent advancements in measurement and analysis techniques have allowed air‐sea fluxes to be measured directly from moving platforms at sea relatively easily. These advances should lead to improved surface flux parameterizations, and thus to improved coupled atmosphere‐ocean modeling. The Naval Postgraduate School has developed a ‘‘flux buoy’’ (FB) that directly measures air‐sea fluxes, mean meteorological parameters, and one-dimensional and directional wave spectra. In this study, the FB instrumentation and data analysis techniques are described, and the data collected during two U.S. east coast buoy deployments are used to examine the impact of atmospheric and surface wave properties on air‐sea momentum transfer in coastal ocean regions. Data obtained off Duck, North Carolina, clearly show that, for a given wind speed, neutral drag coefficients in offshore winds are higher than those in onshore winds. Offshore wind drag coefficients observed over the wind speed range from 5 to 21 m s 21 were modeled equally well by a linear regression on wind speed, and a Charnock model with a constant of 0.016. Measurements from an FB deployment off Wallops Island, Virginia, show that neutral drag coefficients in onshore winds increase as the wind‐wave direction differences increase, especially beyond 6608.
Vertebral artery origin stents revisited: improved results with paclitaxel-eluting stents.

Background Vertebral origin angioplasty and stenting (VOAS) with bare metal stents is associated with a high rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Objective We evaluated the rate of ISR after VOAS with drug-eluting stents. Methods Twenty patients (15 men, 5 women; age range, 36-88 years; mean, 63.7 years) were treated for VOAS with a paclitaxel-eluting stent (Taxus Express2, Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts). Stenosis at follow-up was quantified as insignificant (0%-24%), mild (25%-49%), moderate (50%-74%), and severe (75%-100%). ISR was defined using a binary criteria of >50% stenosis at follow-up angiography. Results All procedures were technically successful with no periprocedural complications. Follow-up angiography (range, 4-48 months; mean, 14.7 months) showed insignificant stenosis in 9 patients, mild in 6, moderate in 4, and severe in 1. In 1 patient with "moderate" stenosis, the stent migrated distally; therefore, the lesion restenosis was not within the stent. Thus, 4 of 19 patients (21%) exhibited binary moderate or severe ISR, and 5 of 20 showed restenosis at the lesion (25%). The patient with severe stenosis developed stent thrombosis>3 years after VOAS. Conclusion VOAS with drug-eluting stents was associated with a low incidence of periprocedural complications. Although the rate of restenosis was half that seen with the use of bare metallic stents, 21% of patients still developed moderate or severe ISR. These patients may require>or=1 revascularization procedures. The risk of delayed stent thrombosis may necessitate lifelong dual antiplatelet medications.
Microdata Expenditure Analysis of Disaggregate Meat Products

Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1058-7195%28199509%2917%3A3%3C275%3AMEAODM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7Review of Agricultural Economics is currently published by American Agricultural Economics Association.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/aaea.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgFri Feb 22 15:20:43 2008
Development of clinical methods for utilization review in psychiatric day treatment

When a time-limited day treatment program was reconfigured to serve individuals with long-standing psychotic disorders, the number of treatment episodes exceeding six months rose to 70%. To justify this concentration of resources, the program needed methods to identify individuals for whom sustained treatment was appropriate. This report describes development of utilization review methods adapted to publicly funded day treatment of individuals with serious mental illness and training of clinicians in new documentation skills. Data from three years of operation suggest that symptom severity is not a reliable indicator of medical necessity in day treatment. As expected with a clinically based system, a composite measure of benefit and medical necessity indicators weighted toward functioning in living, learning, working, and socializing environments predicted physician reviewer denial of continued day treatment, but length of stay did not.
Dukes, Earls, and Ersatz Edens: Aristocratic Nature Preservationists in Colonial Africa

In this paper I examine the role of members of the British aristocracy in the movement to create national parks in colonial Africa. Aristocratic hunter preservationists established the Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire (SPFE) and used their access to the Colonial Office to help direct colonial conservation policies. Focusing on the Earl of Onslow, SPFE president from 1926–1945, I suggest that the aristocratic experience with the landscape of rural England influenced conservationists' ideas for preserving an idealized wild Africa. I explore the ways in which social and cultural constructions of African nature embodied by the SPFE's proposals reflected and helped to legitimate British imperialist ideology. Ultimately, the history of aristocratic involvement in conservation is critical to understanding the development of an institutional global nature-preservation movement.