cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DENSITY OF STATES OF A TYPE-II SUPERCONDUCTOR IN A HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD : IMPURITY EFFECTS

We have calculated the density of states N({omega}) of a dirty but homogeneous superconductor in a high magnetic field. We assume a dilute concentration of scalar impurities and find how N({omega}) behaves as one crosses from the weak scattering to the strong scattering limit. At low energies, N({omega}){approximately}{omega}{sup 2} for small values of the impurity concentration and scattering strength. When the disorder becomes stronger than some critical value, a finite density of states is created at the Fermi surface. These results are a consequence of the gapless nature of the quasiparticle excitation spectrum in a high magnetic field. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Long-term glucose control and risk of perioperative complications.

Abstract Background The impact of long-term preoperative glucose control on short-term surgical complications is unclear. We investigated whether preoperative hemoglobin A1c (HA1c) levels correlated with the risk of postoperative complications. Methods A database of 38,989 patients undergoing major surgical procedures from October 1996 to May 2007 was reviewed. Of these patients, 2,960 were diagnosed diabetic with a HA1c level within 30 days before their operation. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) definitions were used in determining postoperative complications. Results Of 36,039 nondiabetic patients, 5,095 experienced 1 or more complications (14.1%). In 2,960 diabetic patients, 780 diabetic patients had 1 or more complications (26.4%) (P ≤.001). Mortality was higher in diabetics than nondiabetics (4.2% vs 1%, respectively; P Conclusions Although our data show an increased risk of surgical complications in diabetics, there was no detectable correlation between risk of complication and HA1c level. This suggests that poor long-term glucose control may not play a major role in determining short-term surgical morbidity.
Transcriptional Analysis of Marek's Disease Virus Glycoprotein D, I, and E Genes: gD Expression Is Undetectable in Cell Culture

The various alphaherpesviruses, including Marek's disease virus (MDV), have both common and unique features of gene content and expression. The entire MDV U(s) region has been sequenced in our laboratory (P. Brunovskis and L. F. Velicar, Virology 206:324-338, 1995). Genes encoding the MDV glycoprotein D (gD), glycoprotein I (gI), and glycoprotein E (gE) homologs have been found in this region, although no gG homolog was found. In this work, transcription of the tandem MDV gD, gI, and gE genes was studied and found to have both unique characteristics and also features in common with other alphaherpesviruses. MDV gD could not be immunoprecipitated from MDV GA-infected duck embryo fibroblast cells by antisera reactive to its TrpE fusion proteins, while gI and gE could be. When the gD gene was subjected to in vitro-coupled transcription-translation, the precursor polypeptide was produced and could be immunoprecipitated by anti-gD. Northern blot, reverse transcriptase PCR, and RNase protection analyses have shown that (i) no mRNA initiating directly from the gD gene could be detected; (ii) a large but low-abundance 7.5-kb transcript spanning five genes, including the one encoding gD, was seen on longer exposure; and (iii) transcription of the gI and gE genes formed an abundant bicistronic 3.5-kb mRNA, as well as an abundant 2.0-kb gE-specific mRNA. Therefore, the MDV gD gene expression is down-regulated at the transcription level in MDV-infected cell culture, which may be related to the cell-associated nature of MDV in fibroblast cells. Compared to the highly gD-dependent herpes simplex virus and the other extreme of the varicella-zoster virus which lacks the gD gene, MDV is an intermediate type of alphaherpesvirus.
Symmetry energies and the curvature of the nuclear mass surface

A global study of the symmetry energies reflects upon the curvature of the mass surface. Special attention is given to the region from 56Ni to 100Sn. Isospin inversion is indicated for odd-odd self-conjugate nuclei. Coexistence of isoscalar and isovector n-p interactions in the localized region N ≈ Z, A = 76–96 is suggested by the isospin dependence of the symmetry energy. Experimental symmetry energies and values extracted from nine mass equations are compared. Overall agreement exists, but some distinct differences are also observed.
An effective theory for the QCD vacuum

Abstract We provide an alternative description of the salient non-perturbative features of the QCD vacuum. We show that gauge invariance requires the Yang-Mills action to have non-polynomial terms which explicitly depend on the ultraviolet cutoff. We conjecture that these terms are crucial for understanding the non-perturbative aspects of the vacuum. We suggest a simple sine-Gordon effective theory to incorporate these non-polynomial terms in the infrared. We then derive confinement of color charges, linear heavy-quark potentials and dynamical breakdown of chiral symmetry in our effective model.
Professional Ethics in a Virtual World: The Impact of the Internet on Traditional Notions of Professionalism

Numerous articles in the popular press together with an examination of websites associated with the medical, legal, engineering, financial, and other professions leave no doubt that the role of professions has been impacted by the Internet. While offering the promise of the democratization of expertise – expertise made available to the public at convenient times and locations and at an affordable cost – the Internet is also driving a reexamination of the concept of professional identity and related claims of expertise and standards of integrity. This paper begins with a presentation of case studies illustrating the ease by which impostors infiltrate the ranks of professionals. Reports of individuals masquerading as professionals via the Internet often reveal that these imposters cause harm to the unwary victims who rely on assertions of professional expertise. Such reports motivated the authors to examine the origins and evolution of the traditional roles of professions and professionals in today’s society, as well as question how, or whether, the standards for professional practice have been adapted to the challenges posed by technology, i.e., do statements of professional ethics provide a ‘guiding light’ for practitioners and their clients in the cyber age? The authors challenge the professions to consider the notion that technology forces a confrontation between the guild-like aspects of a profession that have served, on the one hand, to protect a profession from encroachment and, on the other hand, have purportedly protected the public. The authors conclude by presenting an examination of websites that show recognition of the challenges that the Internet poses to professionalism, as we have known it. Detailed discussion of the websites of two professions illustrates different approaches to responding to these challenges.
THE RAINBOW MODEL OF AMERICAN ETHNIC GROUPS

The study represents an attempt to develop a theory of Japanese Americans in comparative perspective in relation to Americans at large and Japanese. I propose that Japanese Americans are the way they are because of their endogenous and exogenous factors: 1) ethno-religious heritage and 2) ethnic composition and social structure in the community. They are basically Americans, language-wise and as far as identity and loyalty are concerned. However, they maintain certain physical as well as ethnic heritages derived from their ancestral traditions. These include such institutions as religion, martial arts, food and a variety of hobbies to fine arts. This is carried on through organizational efforts of the Japanese American community in Hawaii. They constitute a color or two in the rainbow of colors represented in Hawaii. Hence, we propose the rainbow model of Japanese Americans in Hawaii.
Physical Processes Related to Discharges in Planetary Atmospheres

This paper focuses on the rudimentary principles of discharge physics. The kinetic theory of electron transport in gases relevant to planetary atmospheres is examined and results of detailed Boltzmann kinetic calculations are presented for a range of applied electric fields. Comparisons against experimental swarm data are made. Both conventional breakdown and runaway breakdown are covered in detail. The phenomena of transient luminous events (TLEs), particularly sprites, and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are discussed briefly as examples of discharges that occur in the terrestrial environment. The observations of terrestrial lightning that exist across the electromagnetic spectrum and presented throughout this volume fit well with the broader understanding of discharge physics that we present in this paper. We hope that this material provides the foundation on which explorations in search of discharge processes on other planets can be based and previous evidence confirmed or refuted.
Rapid perchloric acid digest methods for analysis of major elements in plant tissue

The nutrient element composition of tissue from a plant species is not fixed. Composition in the plant varies among different plant parts at the same or different physiological stages of maturity, ...
Stochastic Optimal Motion Planning for the Attitude Kinematics of a Rigid Body With Non-Gaussian Uncertainties

This paper investigates global uncertainty propagation and stochastic motion planning for the attitude kinematics of a rigid body. The Fokker–Planck equation on the special orthogonal group is numerically solved via noncommutative harmonic analysis to propagate a probability density function along flows of the attitude kinematics. Based on this, a stochastic optimal control problem is formulated to rotate a rigid body while avoiding obstacles within uncertain environments in an optimal fashion. The proposed intrinsic, geometric formulation does not require the common assumption that uncertainties are Gaussian or localized. It can be also applied to complex rotational maneuvers of a rigid body without singularities in a unified way. The desirable properties are illustrated by numerical examples.
A second-generation motor rhythm analysis system .

This report describes the design and operation of a second-generation motor rhythm analysis system (MRAS). The system enables quantification of spatial and temporal characteristics of movements performed in synchronization with audio-visual rhythmic stimuli. The MRAS also provides for assessment of preferred tempo in performance of repetitive movements. In addition to discussing the rationale for developing the system, consideration is given to procedures for its utilization in research regarding motor rhythm and preferred tempo.
Endomyocardial Anomalies of the Left Heart

We discuss miscellaneous anomalies of the endocardium and myocardium of the left ventricle together with their diagnostic features and choices of medical or surgical management. Though each lesion individually is uncommon, the group of malformations is encountered sufficiently often to keep physicians aware of the challenge of diagnosis and proper treatment.
Pituitary adenoma with craniopharyngioma component

Neoplasms consisting of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma components are rare and are being increasingly recognized. Their histogenesis is not clear. Most represent collision tumors; others are difficult to assess. Here, we describe a pituitary adenoma with an intermingled craniopharyngioma component, without forming 2 distinct mass lesions or histologic delineation. Areas that suggest a transition between the 2 components were also present. It was clinically a nonfunctioning adenoma, which was also negative for pituitary hormones by immunohistochemistry. Its histogenesis and implications are discussed with a review of the literature.
The differentiation of synthesis from incorporation of basic protein in quaking mutant mouse myelin

The incorporation of radioactive label into the myelin basic protein isolated from whole brain and from purified myelin of Quaking mice and normal littermates was compared. Four Quaking mice (32 days) and 4 littermate controls were injected intracranially with 150 μCi [2-2H]glycine and 25 μCi of [2-14C]glycine, respectively. One hour later, the 8 mice were sacrificed and their brains combined for common homogenization. The 3H/14C ratios of the small and large basic proteins in whole brain were 3.44 and 2.48 respectively, while the 3H/14C ratios for these proteins in myelin were 0.79 and 1.00, respectively. In the same experiment, the microsomal fraction had a 3H/14C ratio of 2.98 which is the expected ratio for normal incorporation. The results indicate that the synthesis of basic protein in whole brain of Quaking mouse proceeds at a normal rate, but specifically, the incorporation of basic protein into myelin is depressed suggesting a defect at the step of assembly of myelin components into a final membrane product.
A Pathogenic Peripherin Gene Mutation in a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Peripherin is a neuronal intermediate filament protein that is expressed chiefly in motor neurons and other nerve cells that project into the peripheral nervous system. Transgenic mice that over-express peripherin develop motor neuron degeneration, suggesting that mutations in peripherin could contribute to the development of motor neuron disease. In this paper, we report the identification of a homozygous mutation in the peripherin gene (PRPH) in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutation resulted in a substitution of aspartate with tyrosine at amino acid position 141, which is located within the first linker region of the rod domain. Immunocytochemical analysis of the spinal cord of the patient upon autopsy revealed distinctive large aggregates within the cell bodies of residual spinal motor neurons that contained peripherin and was also immunoreactive with antibodies to the neurofilament proteins. In order to study the effect of the mutation on peripherin assembly, we performed transient transfections. Unlike wild-type peripherin, which self-assembles to form a filamentous network, the mutant peripherin was prone to form aggregates in transfected cells, indicating that the mutation adversely affects peripherin assembly. Moreover, the neurofilament light (NF-L) protein was not able to rescue the mutant protein from forming aggregates. These data imply that mutation of PRPH is a contributing factor for ALS.
GATE RESIZING TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION

We study the problem of resizing gates so as to reduce overall power consumption while satisfying a circuit's timing constraints. Polynomial time algorithms for series-parallel and tree circuits are obtained. Gate resizing with multigate modules is shown to be NP-hard. Algorithms that improve upon those presented by Chen and Sarrafzadeh4 for general circuits are also developed.
NHERF-1 and the cytoskeleton regulate the traffic and membrane dynamics of G protein-coupled receptors.

The sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory factor 1 (NHERF-1/EBP50) interacts with the C terminus of several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We examined the role of NHERF-1 and the cytoskeleton on the distribution, dynamics, and trafficking of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR; a type A receptor), the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R; type B), and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR; type C) using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, total internal reflection fluorescence, and image correlation spectroscopy. β2AR bundles were observed only in cells that expressed NHERF-1, whereas the PTH1R was localized to bundles that parallel stress fibers independently of NHERF-1. The CaSR was never observed in bundles. NHERF-1 reduced the diffusion of the β2AR and the PTH1R. The addition of ligand increased the diffusion coefficient and the mobile fraction of the PTH1R. Isoproterenol decreased the immobile fraction but did not affect the diffusion coefficient of the β2AR. The diffusion of the CaSR was unaffected by NHERF-1 or the addition of calcium. NHERF-1 reduced the rate of ligand-induced internalization of the PTH1R. This phenomenon was accompanied by a reduction of the rate of arrestin binding to PTH1R in ligand-exposed cells. We conclude that some GPCRs, such as the β2AR, are attached to the cytoskeleton primarily via the binding of NHERF-1. Others, such as the PTH1R, bind the cytoskeleton via several interacting proteins, one of which is NHERF-1. Finally, receptors such as the CaSR do not interact with the cytoskeleton in any significant manner. These interactions, or the lack thereof, govern the dynamics and trafficking of the receptor.
Sensitivity of DNA-repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli to rifampicin killing

Abstract We have analyzed the role of RNA polymerase in DNA repair using the antibiotic rifampicin which binds specifically to the β subunit of the enzyme. Several DNA-repair-deficient strains such as rec A, uvr , and pol A, and their isogenic parents were used for this study. All repair-deficient strains were found to be hypersensitive to rifampicin killing. Compared to the isogenic parent strains, rec A strains are about 50 times more sensitive and the pol A strain is about 100 times more sensitive to rifampicin killing. Uvr A and uvr B strains are slightly more sensitive to rifampicin than the wild-type strains. The hypersensitivity of repair-deficient strains to rifampicin killing is totally abolished by the introduction of rifampicin-resistant mutations into these strains. We have examined the effect of rifampicin on RNA and protein synthesis in repair-deficient and -proficient strains. RNA and protein synthesis were found to be inhibited by rifampicin to the same extent among all the strains tested. The results also show that the resumption of DNA synthesis was significantly disrupted in DNA-repair-deficient strains following drug removal. Taken together these results suggest that RNA polymerase plays an essential role in DNA metabolism and such function may be replaced by pol A and rec A gene products and to a lesser extend by uvr A and uvr B gene products.
Classification of singular radial solutions to the σk Yamabe equation on annular domains

The study of the kth elementary symmetric function of the Weyl–Schouten curvature tensor of a Riemannian metric, the so-called σk curvature, has produced many fruitful results in conformal geometry in recent years. In these studies in conformal geometry, the deforming conformal factor is considered to be a solution of a fully nonlinear elliptic PDE. Important advances have been made in recent years in the understanding of the analytic behavior of solutions of the PDE. However, the singular behavior of these solutions, which is important in describing many important questions in conformal geometry, is little understood. This note classifies all possible radial solutions, in particular, the singular solutions of the σk Yamabe equation, which describes conformal metrics whose σk curvature equals a constant. Although the analysis involved is of elementary nature, these results should provide useful guidance in studying the behavior of singular solutions in the general situation.
Acetylenic derivatives of lead

Abstract Acetylenic derivatives of lead containing one, two or four acetylenic groups around the central lead atom have been synthesized via the reaction of the appropriate lithium acetylide with aryllead halides or potassium hexachloroplumbate in tetrahydrofuran at low temperatures. The expected products were obtained in excellent yields.
On the recyclability of a cyclic thermoplastic composite material

Abstract The recyclability of a novel cyclic thermoplastic composite material has been investigated. The virgin composite was prepared by liquid molding the cyclic thermoplastic resin and a knitted glass fabric. The resultant high fiber content composite (58.7% fiber weight fraction) was recycled by grinding/compounding/injection molding process. A variety of physical and mechanical tests were then conducted on the blended cyclic composite and a baseline, commercially available short fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite. In general, the recycled cyclic composite demonstrated comparable properties to the baseline material. The only exception being the ultimate tensile elongation of the recyclate, which was almost 25% lower than that of the baseline.
Visible light induced photobleaching of methylene blue over melamine-doped TiO2 nanocatalyst

TiO2 doping with N-rich melamine produced a stable, active and visible light sensitized nanocatalyst that showed a remarkable efficiency towards the photobleaching of a model compound – methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The photobleaching followed a mixed reaction order kinetics with the distinctive induction and acceleration periods.
"MAMA!": a memory allocator for multithreaded architectures

While the high-performance computing world is dominated by distributed memory computer systems, applications that require random access into large shared data structures continue to motivate development of ever larger shared-memory parallel computers such as Cray's MTA and SGI's Altix systems.To support scalable application performance on such architectures, the memory allocator must be able to satisfy requests at a rate proportional to system size. For example, a 40 processor Cray MTA-2 can experience over 5000 concurrent requests, one from each of its 128 streams per processor. Cray's Eldorado, to be built upon the same network as Sandia's 10,000 processor Red Storm system, will sport thousands of multithreaded processors leading to hundreds of thousands of concurrent requests.In this paper, we present MAMA, a scalable shared-memory allocator designed to service any rate of concurrent requests. MAMA is distinguished from prior work on shared-memory allocators in that it employs software combining to aggregate requests serviced by a single heap structure: Hoard and MTA malloc necessitate repetition of the underlying heap data structures in proportion to processor count. Unlike Hoard, MAMA does not exploit processor-local data structures, limiting its applicability today to systems that sustain high utilization in the presence of global references such as Cray's MTA systems. We believe MAMA's relevance to other shared-memory systems will grow as they become increasingly multithreaded and, consequently, more tolerant of references to non-local memory.We show not only that MAMA scales on Cray MTA systems, but also that it delivers absolute performance competitive with allocators employing heap repetition. In addition, we demonstrate that performance of repetition-based allocators does not scale under heavy loads. We also argue more generally that methods using repetition alone to support concurrency are subject to an impractical tradeoff of scalability against space consumption: when scaled up to meet increasing concurrency demands, repetition-based allocators necessarily house unused space p2 quadratic in the number of processors p. Hierarchical structure may reduce this to p log p, but in building large-scale shared-memory parallel computers, unused memory more than linear in p is unacceptable. MAMA, in contrast, scales to arbitrarily large systems while consuming memory that increases only linearly with system and request size.MAMA is of both theoretical interest for its use of novel algorithmic techniques and practical importance as the concurrency upon which shared-memory performance depends continues to grow and multithreaded architectures emerge that are increasingly latency tolerant. While our work is a very recent contribution to memory allocation technology, MAMA already has been incorporated into production as the cornerstone for global memory allocation in Cray's multithreaded systems.
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin B12. Ultrafast Radical Clocks Provide No Evidence for Radical Intermediates in Cyclopropane Models for the Methylmalonyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA Carbon Skeleton Rearrangement

To probe for free radical intermediates in the model studies for the coenzyme B12-dependent, methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA carbon-skeleton rearrangement, new models incorporating cyclopropane rings (unsubstituted 23 and 2-phenyl-substituted 28) at the 2-position were developed. The reaction of 23 or 28 with vitamin B12s gives only rearranged succinate 24 or 29, respectively, with the cyclopropyl group intact. When this reaction was carried out in EtOD/D2O, a monodeuterided product, 24-d1 or 29-d1, was obtained and the deuterium was incorporated at the 2-position. Control reactions of the 2-phenylselenylsuccinate with tri-n-butyltin hydride yielded the ring-opened 2-propanylidenesuccinate via a free radical pathway. The results suggest that the skeletal rearrangement step in the B12-catalyzed isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA occurs not by a radical pathway but by an anionic or organocobalt pathway.
Sedimentation of plasma antihemophilic factor.

Abstract Purified bovine plasma antihemophilic factor (AHF) preparations and canine plasma were sedimented in a swinging bucket type rotor of a preparative ultracentrifuge. A simple technique is described for sampling contents of the tubes for analysis after sedimentation. Sedimentation diagrams and S 20,w values are presented for AHF and fibrinogen at 4 and 21 °C. It is shown that AHF in canine plasma probably exists in an associated form, either as a polymer or associated with fibinogen. Apparently different degrees of association exist in bovine fractions, with the degree of association depending upon the ionic strength of the solution. The S 20,w value of 4.3 S probably represents the sedimentation coefficient for the AHF monomer.
The Role of Genomics Research in Improvement of “Orphan” Crops

REFERENCES ing early leads will not translate into commercially viable products ... but those that do may confer larger Bowman, D.T., O.L. May, and D.S. Calhoun. 1996. Genetic base of incremental gains than are available in the present cultiupland cotton cultivars released between 1970 and 1990. Crop Sci. 36:577–581. vated gene pool. Bowman, D.T., O.L. May, and D.S. Calhoun. 1997. Coefficients of Implementing this solution requires integration of reparentage for 260 cotton cultivars released between 1970 and 1990. search, education, and extension activities. Genetic vulUSDA Tech. Bull. 1852. nerability is a complex problem that results from a crop’s Calhoun, D.S., D.T. Bowman, and O.L. May. 1997. Pedigrees of upevolutionary history, trends in breeding and biotechnolland and pima cotton cultivars released between 1970 and 1995. ogy practices, and grower decisions based on inadequate Miss. Agric. & Forestry Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 1069:53. information being available, all responding to the ineviHelms, A.B. 2000. Yield study report. In P. Dugger and D. Richter (ed.) Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Conf., San Antonio. TX. 4–9 table pressures of processor and consumer preferences. Jan. 2000. Natl. Cotton Council, Memphis, TN. Gaining the partnership of stakeholders is key. Toward May, O.L., D.T. Bowman, and D.S. Calhoun. 1995. Genetic diversity this end, while the introgressive breeding process proof U.S. Upland cotton cultivars released between 1980 and 1990. ceed, we are working with both researchers and extenCrop Sci. 35:1570–1574. sion personnel to create aWeb-based resource to provide Rayburn, S.T., R. Britton, and E. Keene. 1999. National Cotton Variobjective information about relatedness of genotypes, ety Tests. USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. Available at http://msa.ars. as a management tool for producers to better deploy usda.gov/ms/stoneville/cgpr/rayburn.html (verified 6 July 2004). the remaining variation in the gene pool to minimize Saranga, Y., M. Menz, C. Jiang, R. Wright, D. Yakir, and A.H. Paterson. 2001. Genomic dissection of genotype environment adaptagenetic vulnerability of the crop, and a research tool tion conferring adaptation of cotton to arid conditions. Genome for scientists to glean new information useful for crop Res. 11:1988–1995. improvement. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1998. Anual yield report. USDA-NASS, Washington, DC. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Van Esbroeck, G., D.T. Bowman, D.S. Calhoun, and O.L. May. 1998. The authors acknowledge the support of an IFAFS grant Changes in genetic diversity of cotton in the U.S. from 1970 to 1995. Crop Sci. 38:33–37. from CSREES USDA.
Microtubule theory of sensory transduction

Abstract It is proposed that ciliary microtubules are actively involved in the reception and transduction of sensory information from the distal portion of the dendrite to the basal body area of the receptor cell. Environmental stimuli may cause stimulus-specific conformational changes in the tubulin protein molecule. This characteristic change may then be propagated along the tubulin polymer filaments. Once this coded information has reached the cell body, classical ion flux mechanisms are thought to further amplify the stimulus energy and transmit its patterned information (generator potential) to the action potential generating sites of the cell. Morphological and biochemical evidence for this point of view is presented.
In vitro selection of histone H4 aptamers for recognition imaging microscopy

Recognition imaging microscopy is an analytical technique used to map the topography and chemical identity of specific protein molecules present in complex biological samples. The technique relies on the use of antibodies tethered to the cantilever tip of an AFM probe to detect cognate antigens deposited onto a mica surface. Despite the power of this technique to resolve single molecules with nanometer-scale spacing, the recognition step remains limited by the availability of suitable quality antibodies. Here we report the in vitro selection and recognition imaging of anti-histone H4 aptamers. In addition to identifying aptamers to highly basic proteins, these results suggest that aptamers provide an efficient, cost-effective route to highly selective affinity reagents for recognition imaging microscopy.
The cost of soil lost from fields due to removal on harvested sugarbeet: a case study in Turkey

. Soil removed on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) at harvest may be an important factor in soil degradation causing significant decline in soil productivity. This study evaluated soil losses on sugarbeet and estimated the cost of plant nutrients lost by this process. The losses were calculated using data from the agricultural reports published by the General Directorate of the Turkish Sugar Industry. Organic matter and plant available nutrient contents of soils removed from sugarbeet fields were determined. It was estimated that approximately 30 000 t of soil is lost annually in Erzurum, and 1.2 million t in the whole of Turkey. The cost of N, P and K losses is approximately 60 000 US$ annually for the study area.
The current role of exfoliative cytopathology in the routine diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. A five-year study of 152 consecutive, unselected cases.

@Although the sensitivity of exfoliative cytopathology in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma has been reported to be as low as 44 per cent,' most cytologists find malignant cells in the sputum or bronchial aspirates from three of every four patients with lung cancer, more or less.24 Most reports contain selected series of cases, since patients who have not had cytologic examinations usually are excluded; likewise patients in whom the quantity or quality of the smears is not adequate also may be omitted. Thus it is difficult to ascertain the full role of exfoliative cytodiagnosis of carcinoma of the lung in routine hospital practice. The purpose of this study was to determine this role by a retrospective analysis. Material and Method The results of all types of microscopic diagnostic modalities utilized in 152 consecutive unselected and histologically proved bronchogenic carcinomas in patients admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospi tal at Ann Arbor, over a five-year period (1954-1959) were reviewed and tabulated. The series included six cases in which the neoplasm was an unexpected or incidental finding at necropsy thereby precluding ante mortem diagnostic studies. One hundred and twenty-six (82.9 per cent) of the patients had some form of cytologic smear examination-sputum, bronchial aspirate, or pleu ral fluid. Usually multiple specimens were examined; the mean was about three specimens per patient. However, in many instances the cytologic study was limited to the examination of a single specimen. Four smears were prepared from each specimen and were processed in accordance with the standard Papanicolaou technique. Ninty-six (63.2 per cent) of the patients were subjected to broncho scopy; for the purpose of this study, bronchoscopy was interpreted as positive only when a histologic diagnosis of carcinoma was made by bronchial biopsy. Eighty-nine patients (58.6 per cent) had anterior scalene lymph node biopsies, performed according to the technique of Daniels.7 The lymph nodes were obtained from the right side when a lesion was present in the right lung or the left lower lobe; left scalene lymph node biopsies were reserved for lesions in the left upper lobe or lingular segments. The number of lymph nodes in these specimens varied from 0 to 20 with a mean of six. Histologic examinations of tissue from suspected metastases were made in 18 cases. These tissues included lymph nodes (other than scalene), liver, skin, bone, or central nervous system. Thus a total of
Proteomic based investigation of rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain NRRL B-30761

We recently reported that a strain of the non-pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas chlororaphis was capable of producing the biosurfactant molecule, rhamnolipids. Previous to this report the organisms known to produce rhamnolipids were almost exclusively pathogens. The newly described P. chlororaphis strain produced rhamnolipids at room temperature in static minimal media, as opposed to previous reports of rhamnolipid production which occurred at elevated temperatures with mechanical agitation. The non-pathogenic nature and energy conserving production conditions make the P. chlororaphis strain an attractive candidate for commercial rhamnolipid production. However, little characterization of molecular/biochemical processes in P. chlororaphis have been reported. In order to achieve a greater understanding of the process by which P. chlororaphis produces rhamnolipids, a survey of proteins differentially expressed during rhamnolipid production was performed. Separation and measurement of the bacteria's proteome was achieved using Beckman Coulter's Proteome Lab PF2D packed column-based protein fractionation system. Statistical analysis of the data identified differentially expressed proteins and known orthologues of those proteins were identified using an AB 4700 Proteomics Analyzer mass spectrometer system. A list of proteins differentially expressed by P. chlororaphis strain NRRL B-30761 during rhamnolipid production was generated, and confirmed through a repetition of the entire separation process.
Fiber Bragg Grating Strains to Obtain Structural Response of a Carbon Composite Wing

The objective of this study was to determine the deflected wing shape and the out-of-plane loads of a large-scale carbon-composite wing of an ultralight aerial vehicle using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology. The composite wing, subjected to concentrated and distributed loads, was instrumented with an optical fiber on its top and bottom surfaces positioned over the main spar, resulting in approximately 780 strain sensors bonded to the wings. The in-plane strains from the FBG sensors were used to obtain the out-of-plane loads as well as the wing shape at various load levels using NASA-developed real-time load and displacement algorithms. The calculated out-of-plane displacements and loads were generally within 4% of the measured data.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Structure of the Cand1-Cul1-Roc1 complex reveals regulatory mechanisms for the assembly of the multisubunit cullin-dependent ubiquitin ligases.

Abstract The SCF ubiquitin ligase complex regulates diverse cellular functions by ubiquitinating numerous protein substrates. Cand1, a 120 kDa HEAT repeat protein, forms a tight complex with the Cul1-Roc1 SCF catalytic core, inhibiting the assembly of the multisubunit E3 complex. The crystal structure of the Cand1-Cul1-Roc1 complex shows that Cand1 adopts a highly sinuous superhelical structure, clamping around the elongated SCF scaffold protein Cul1. At one end, a Cand1 β hairpin protrusion partially occupies the adaptor binding site on Cul1, inhibiting its interactions with the Skp1 adaptor and the substrate-recruiting F box protein subunits. At the other end, two Cand1 HEAT repeats pack against a conserved Cul1 surface cleft and bury a Cul1 lysine residue, whose modification by the ubiquitin-like protein, Nedd8, is able to block Cand1-Cul1 association. Together with biochemical evidence, these structural results elucidate the mechanisms by which Cand1 and Nedd8 regulate the assembly-disassembly cycles of SCF and other cullin-dependent E3 complexes.
A note on issues in recent work on one-hand catching.

Whiting’s (1986) comments on the necessity of viewing the hand in one-hand catching are acknowledged, and several empirical issues are raised for consideration. These issues revolve around (a) the two components of one-hand catching, (b) lack of independence of position and grasp errors, and (c) specificity of skill.
SU(3) semiclassical representation of quantum dynamics of interacting spins

We present a formalism for simulating quantum dynamics of lattice spin-1 systems by first introducing local hidden variables and then doing semiclassical (truncated Wigner) approximation in the extended phase space. In this way, we exactly take into account the local on-site Hamiltonian and approximately treat spin-spin interactions. In particular, we represent each spin with eight classical $SU(3)$ variables. Three of them represent the usual spin components and five others are hidden variables representing local spin-spin correlations. We compare our formalism with exact quantum dynamics of fully connected spin systems and find very good agreement. As an application, we discuss quench dynamics of a Bose-Hubbard model near the superfluid-insulator transition for a 3D lattice system consisting of 1000 sites.
The Dentist and Preventive Dental Health Information

Patients receive differing amounts of preventive dental health information from their dentist. What factors affect the amount of preventive information a patient receives? Many possible reasons which have been advanced for this difference are discussed in this paper. Using the clues presented in the literature, and results of a presurvey, some factors thought to influence the amount of preventive dental health information the patient receives were investigated. Specifically, the research problem was, "What is the relationship between the amount of preventive dental health information a patient receives from the dentist in his private office and the following factors: patient's appearance, interest-responsiveness, nervousness, need for dental care, request for service, orientation to dentistry, and dentist's liking for the patient?" The hypothesized relationships of amount of preventive dental information delivered to dentist's perception of patient's characteristics were not upheld The paper tentatively c...
The spread of a noise field in a dispersive medium

We discuss the production of induced noise by a pulse and the propagation of the noise in a dispersive medium. We present a simple model where the noise is the sum of pulses and where the mean of each pulse is random. We obtain explicit expressions for the standard deviation of the spatial noise as a function of time. We also formulate the problem in terms of a time-frequency phase space approach and in particular we use the Wigner distribution to define the spatial/spatial-frequency distribution.
Effects of acriflavine on the mitochondria and kinetoplast of Crithidia fasciculata. Correlation of fine structure changes with decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity.

The effects of acriflavine on the fine structure and function of the mitochondria and the kinetoplast in Crithidia fasciculata have been investigated. A mitochondrial fraction was prepared by differential centrifugation of cells broken by grinding with neutral alumina. Isolated mitochondria or intact cells revealed by spectrophotometric measurements the presence of cytochromes a + a3, b, c555 and o. After cells were grown in acriflavine for 3–4 days, the fine structure of the mitochondria and their cytochrome content were affected. Cells grown in 5.0 µM acriflavine had a threefold decrease in cytochrome a + a3 and decreased respiratory activity. The mitochondrial preparation from these cells had a fivefold decrease in cytochrome a + a3 and a less but significant decrease of other cytochromes present. There was also a decrease in the mitochondrial enzyme activities of NADH, succinic and L-α-glycerophosphate oxidases, and succinic and L-α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases. Dyskinetoplastic cells could be demonstrated after growth in 1.0 µM acriflavine. At 5 µM, 80–90% of the cells were dyskinetoplastic. The kinetoplastic DNA was condensed, nonfibrillar, and did not incorporate thymidine-3H. The mitochondria in these cells had few cristae and were shorter and more swollen than the controls. Acriflavine may induce the fine structure effects we have observed and may affect the formation of the mitochondria in C. fasciculata.
Anticore antibody screening of transfused blood.

. Aliquots of 130 HBsAg negative units of blood which were administered to 26 recipients were tested under code for anti-HBc by a solid phase radioimmunoassay technique. 14 of the 26 recipients developed posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH), including 6 cases of hepatitis B. Anti-HBc was detected in 7 or 5.3% of 130 donor units. Of the 14 patients acquiring PTH, 6 received a unit of anti-HBc-positive blood. Type B hepatitis occurred in 4 of the 7 anti-HBc recipients, and non-type B hepatitis in 2. Only 1 of 12 recipients who failed to develop PTH had received a unit containing anti-HBc.
LAND MARKETS AND THE EFFECT OF REGULATION ON FORMAL‐SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN INDONESIA

Until recently, urban land and housing markets in Indonesia seemed to function well. Informal-sector development provided low-income housing affordably. Through government programs, formal-sector developers could build housing for all but the poor. Since 1989, however, daily conversation pictures land speculation as rampant and formal-sector housing as rising beyond the means of the middle class. Newspapers carry stories of conflicts between small landowners and large developers with government officials in between. This article investigates this situation by addressing two related questions: are urban land prices rising “too fast?”; how do land regulations and development practices affect costs, and who pays these costs? The article includes quantitative estimates of urban land prices, changes in urban land supply, movement of land through the permitting process, and the effect of development regulations on costs. Data come from a literature survey and interviews of some of the largest formal-sector developers in Indonesia. A principal finding concerns a development regulation called a “location permit” and the “social function” of land in Indonesian law. Although helpful as a means of assembling land in Indonesia's highly fragmented land markets, location permits allow formal-sector developers to hold land off the market and pay low prices to small landowners. Ultimately, the “social function” of land under Indonesian law holds down the price formal-sector developers pay for land, but not at the price at which they sell their product. The article concludes by proposing reforms to the regulatory process.
Scattering from dielectric gratings and periodic profiles characterized by an impedance boundary condition

The authors present an algorithm for analyzing nonplanar dielectric gratings and doubly periodic profiles characterized by an impedance boundary condition (IBC). Not only are these structures used to model radar absorbing materials, but they find various optical applications as well. Attention is focused on purely dielectric gratings that are bounded by free space from one side only. For high-contrast dielectric interfaces, the scattering from the grating can be treated using an IBC. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the application of this technique. >
Material characterization of human medial collateral ligament

The objectives of this study were to determine the longitudinal and transverse material properties of the human medial collateral ligament (MCL) and to evaluate the ability of three existing constitutive models to describe the material behavior of MCL. Uniaxial test specimens were punched from ten human cadaveric MCLs and tensile tested along and transverse to the collagen fiber direction. Using load and optical strain analysis information, the tangent modulus, tensile strength and ultimate strain were determined. The material coefficients for each constitutive model were determined using nonlinear regression. All specimens failed within the substance of the tissue. Specimens tested along the collagen fiber direction exhibited the typical nonlinear behavior reported for ligaments. This behavior was absent from the stress-strain curves of the transverse specimens. The average tensile strength, ultimate strain, and tangent modulus for the longitudinal specimens was 38.6 +/- 4.8 MPa, 17.1 +/- 1.5 percent, and 332.2 +/- 58.3 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strength, ultimate strain, and tangent modulus for the transverse specimens was 1.7 +/- 0.5 MPa, 11.7 +/- 0.9 percent, and 11.0 +/- 3.6 MPa, respectively. All three constitutive models described the longitudinal behavior of the ligament equally well. However, the ability of the models to describe the transverse behavior of the ligament varied.
One piece at a time: why video-based communication is better for negotiation and conflict resolution

We compared the effects of three computer mediated communication (CMC) channels (text, audio, and video) on how people performed an appointment-scheduling task. The task involved a grounding and a conflict resolution component. The results showed that video conferencing supported participant dyads in reaching a consensus that had better balanced performance between the dyads only when task difficulty was high and when there were more inherent conflicts in the task. Participants across the three CMC conditions also demonstrated different patterns of conversation dynamics during information exchange and negotiation. Mediation analysis showed that in video-based communication, strategies of exchanging less information at a time predicted higher levels of negotiation, which in turn predicted smaller performance differences in high conflict conditions. The results suggested that the design and use of communication technologies for remote conflict resolution should promote the strategy of exchanging information in small pieces, which could better support subsequent negotiation and foster a sense of fairness.