cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics-based model-independent local inspection method for damage detection of large structures

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211ABSTRACTThis paper presents recent development and current capabilities of a dynamics-based Boundary Eect EvaluationMethod (BEEM) for damage inspection of large structures. Damage introduces new boundaries to a structure,and inuences of boundaries on steady-state high-frequency dynamic response are localized eects. The BEEMis a signal processing method that takes advantage of these localized eects to perform area-by-area extractionof damage-induced boundary eects from steady-state Operational Deection Shapes (ODSs) to reveal damagelocations. Steady-state ODSs of a structure can be measured using any full-eld measurement tool, and theBEEM decomposes an ODS into central and boundary solutions using a sliding-window least-squares data-ttingtechnique. Numerical and experimental results show that boundary solutions are excellent damage indicatorsbecause of Gibbs phenomenon, and the central solutions can be used to easily identify actual structural bound-ary conditions. Except experimental ODSs of the damaged structure under inspection the method requires nomodel or historical data for comparison. Experimental results of many one- and two-dimensional structuresvalidates the capabilities of BEEM in detecting and estimating multiple small defects in large structures.Keywords: damage-induced boundary eects, structural damage detection and estimation1. INTRODUCTIONInspection of aging aircraft, civil structures after natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, and tornados)or bombing, and mechanical systems subjected to fatigue loading requires a method that can perform quick,accurate, and non-destructive on-site damage inspection of large structures. There are a wide variety of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques presently in use, including many ultrasonic methods, magnetic uxleakage inspection, radiography, dye penetration, and eddy current sensing
Extended dynamical mean field theory study of the periodic Anderson model.

We investigate the competition of the Kondo and the RKKY interactions in heavy fermion systems. We solve a periodic Anderson model using extended dynamical mean field theory (EDMFT) with quantum Monte Carlo method. We monitor simultaneously the evolution of the electronic and magnetic properties. As the RKKY coupling increases the heavy fermion quasiparticle unbinds and a local moment forms. At a critical RKKY coupling there is an onset of magnetic order. Within EDMFT the two transitions occur at different points and the disapparence of the magnetism is not described by a local quantum critical point.
Determination of molybdenum–oxygen bond distances and bond orders by Raman spectroscopy

A correlation is developed for relating Raman stretching frequencies of molybdenum–oxygen (MoO) bonds to their respective bond distances in molybdenum oxide compounds. MoO bond orders are also related to stretching frequencies. The MoO correlation is expected to offer invaluable insight into the structures of molybdate species in chemical systems which are not amenable to analysis by diffraction or other spectroscopic techniques. In the present study, the correlation is used to predict stretching frequencies for perfect MoO4 and MoO6 structures, and to determine MoO bond distances of the MoO6 octahedron in Ba2CaMoO6 as well as the dehydrated surface molybdate species in MoO3/Al2O3.
New Tools for Studying Vesicular-Mediated Protein Trafficking: Synthesis and Evaluation of Ilimaquinone Analogs in a Non-Radioisotope-Based Antisecretory Assay

Structural variants of the marine sponge metabolite ilimaquinone, with comparable biological activity, have been prepared. These analogs, as well as related natural products, were screened for their effects on the Golgi apparatus through a novel, non-radioisotope-based secretion assay. The assay has identified a variant of ilimaquinone that contains a versatile linker group yet retains the natural product's cellular activity. This functional ilimaquinone analog will be a valuable tool for studying intracellular protein trafficking.
Infrared Analysis of the Orientation of Pyridine Molecules in Clay Complexes

Infrared spectroscopy affords a useful method for the determination of the orientation of molecules sorbed on layer silicates. The orientation of the molecules can be inferred from the observed dichroism of specific absorption bands. Examples of the analysis are illustrated in three complexes with pyridine. One flat and one vertical orientation are observed for the ionic form dependent on layer charge. A different vertical orientation is observed for the neutral molecule. The interpretation of the infrared absorption analysis is confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
Hypertension and diabetes in obesity: A review and new ideas on the contributing role of ions

Abstract Ion metabolism in obesity-associated hypertension is reviewed. A hypothesis is presented which proposes that ion imbalances in obesity may play an etiological role in obesity-associated diabetes mellitus as well. It is suggested that the rise in intracellular calcium-- secondary to reduced sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase) activity -- may aid in the development of increased vascular tone and decreased glucose tolerance.
Cone Transitional Boundary-Layer Structure at Me = 14

Experimental results suggest that the boundary-layer mean profiles in hypersonic flows may be highly transitional in the outer part of the boundary layer before the transition process is detected at the surface. Means of determining the initial location where the transition process begins in the outer part of the boundary layer are considered.
Determination of the restricted segmental mobility dimensions of adsorbed polymers

Evidence that the adsorption of polymers produces significant changes in the bulk properties of polymers at great distances from the original surface site of the macromolecule is discussed. This long range effect, or the interphase as it has become known, may be an important parameter in the adhesion phenomena. A method for the determination of the interphase boundary based on the thermal relaxation of the polymer dipoles is described. The latter may be adapted for the calculation of the critical pigment volume concentration in coating systems.
O'Donoghue's triad: magnetic resonance imaging evidence.

Objective The objective was to search for magnetic resonance imaging evidence of medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury in knees with proven tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus; the three abnormalities that make up O'Donoghue's triad. Although the MCL injury can be unapparent clinically, knee joint stability may be compromised.
Behavioral treatment for adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia

Oropharyngeal dysphagia has been treated by various professionals for many years, with increasingly more attention paid to this disorder by speech-language pathologists in the past decade. There has been a gradual change in emphasis in the literature, from early anecdotal accounts to more scientific, controlled studies that have tested the outcomes and effectiveness of certain techniques or programs. This article reviews the literature in the area of behavioral treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia, with a critical look at the current state of knowledge. General treatment programs and techniques developed to facilitate or compensate for specific swallowing disorders are summarized.
Optical emission from electrons in solid deuterium tritium.

We report an increase in an emission from solid deuterium tritium at 825 nm, while pumping an electron bubble transition centered at \ensuremath{\sim}350 nm. This experiment implies unbound electrons cause the emission at 825 nm. We find this steady-state emission shifts 8 nm towards longer wavelengths upon increasing the temperature from 4.5 to 10 K. Finally, the same emission in pure solid ${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ is shifted 3 nm towards longer wavelengths and contains a triplet structure similar to the triplet structure observed in absorption measurements of the 1S to 1P transition of electron bubbles.
Cloning and developmental expression of mouse pygopus 2, a putative Wnt signaling component

Recent studies in Drosophila identified pygopus, which encodes a PHD finger protein, as an additional nuclear component of the canonical Wingless(Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway. In this study, we describe the molecular cloning and expression analysis of a mouse pygopus gene, mpygo2. mpygo2 transcripts were detected in almost all adult mouse tissues examined, whereas transcripts of another mouse pygopus gene, mpygo1, were detected only in heart tissue. Abundant mpygo2 transcripts were observed during embryogenesis in multiple developmental sites. Consistent with the demonstrated role of the Wnt-beta-catenin-LEF/TCF signaling pathway in mammalian skin development, mpygo2 expression was detected in the developing epidermis and hair follicles, which suggests that mpygo2 might mediate the effect of this signaling pathway in mouse skin.
Natural occurrence of vomitoxin in Austrian and Canadian corn

The trichothecene, vomitoxin, was found in two Austrian corn samples at levels of 1.3 and 7.9 ppm and in one Canadian corn sample at a level of 7.9 ppm; all three corn samples were rejected when fed to swine. Feed made from the latter corn sample contained 1.4 ppm vomitoxin. Kernels from these corn samples were examined for Fusarium graminearum. The mold was found only in the two Austrian corn samples, and four of the isolates produced vomitoxin at levels ranging from 3.7 to 16.7 ppm.
Alpha tocopherol decreases lipid peroxidation, neuronal necrosis, and reactive gliosis in reaggregate cultures of fetal rat brain.

This study explored the effects of the lipid-soluble free radical scavenger, alpha tocopherol (vitamin E), on neuronal injury and glial protein accumulation in a well-characterized, three-dimensional, mixed neuronal and glial culture system derived from fetal rat prosencephalon. As these reaggregated spheroidal cultures grew and enlarged, they developed small central areas of necrosis (presumably due to nutritional compromise) which we used as a model for central nervous system injury. Treatment with vitamin E (delivered in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes beginning on day 8 in vitro ) did not alter the appearance of the central necrotic areas, but it strongly suppressed the reaction of adjacent astroglia and microglia. Histological examination showed that by day 35 in vitro control cultures which received liposomes without tocopherol were nearly devoid of neurons and contained many glial and microglial cells. In contrast, tocopherol-treated cultures contained many viable-appearing neurons and did not exhibit an overgrowth of glia. Both glial fibrillary acidic protein (as measured by immunoassay) and lipid peroxidation (as estimated by malondialdehyde levels) were markedly reduced in the tocopherol-treated cultures. We speculate that the vitamin exerts its protective effect on injured nervous tissues by scavenging free radicals, stabilizing cellular membranes, and quenching the cascade of biochemical events that follows necrosis in brain. This work suggests that the signal(s) to initiate gliosis are mediated, at least indirectly, by free radical formation.
Coastal uplift associated with the 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake, northern California

The April 25,1992, Cape Mendocino earthquake (Ms 7.1) uplifted ∼24 km of the northern California coast at the southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone, uplift which resulted in coastal emergence that caused extensive mortality of intertidal organisms between Cape Men docino and Punta Gorda. We estimated the amount of uplift by measuring the vertical extent of mortality of 14 sessile intertidal species on rocky sections of shore. The uplift profile along the coast is generally parallel to the strike of the earthquake focal mechanism and forms a broad, flat-topped arch ∼24 km long with a gentle south limb and a steeper north limb. The maximum uplift of 1.4 ±0.2 m is near the center of the profile. The profile is a manifestation of the more widespread domal upwarp produced by slip on an east-dipping buried thrust fault along or near the Cascadia megathrust. Small, new emergent terraces have formed where wave-cut intertidal platforms have been elevated. The new terraces resemble raised late Holocene benches that probably record paleoearthquakes similar to the 1992 event. However, several of the late Holocene terraces are broader and more continuous. These terraces, which extend several tens of kilometres north and south of the 1992 uplift, suggest that some paleoearthquakes were much larger than magnitude 7.
The Supine Hip Extensor Manual Muscle Test: A Reliability and Validity Study

Abstract Perry J, Weiss WB, Burnfield JM, Gronley JK. The supine hip extensor manual muscle test: a reliability and validity study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1345–50. Objectives To define the relative hip extensor muscle strengths values identified by the 4 grades obtained with a supine manual muscle test (MMT) and to compare these values with those indicated by the traditional prone test. Design Comparison of 4 manual supine strength grades with isometric hip extension joint torque; κ statistic-determined interrater reliability, and analyses of variance identified between grade differences in torque. Setting Pathokinesiology laboratory. Participants Adult volunteers recruited from local community and outpatient clinics. Reliability testing: 16 adults with postpolio (31 limbs). Validity testing (2 groups): 18 subjects without pathology (18 limbs), and 26 people with clinical signs of hip extensor weakness (51 limbs). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Supine hip extensor manual muscle grade and isometric hip extension torque. Results Reliability testing showed excellent agreement (82%). Subjects with pathology had significant differences in mean torque ( P P Conclusions The supine MMT is a reliable and valid method with which to assess hip extension strength.
Spatial confinement of avidin domains in microwell arrays

Microwell arrays were chemically etched across the distal faces of coherent fiber-optic bundles. A typical 1.6 mm diameter array comprised ∼3000 individual microwells that were ∼1–14 μm deep and ∼22 μm wide. A methodology involving organosilane functionalized microwell surfaces and site-selective photobiotin chemistry was developed to partially fill microwells with a thin avidin layer. Avidin microwell arrays were characterized using charge coupled device optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The avidin microwell arrays had individual well volumes that were six orders of magnitude smaller and up to 30-fold more numerous than commercially available avidin-coated microtiter plates. Preliminary results indicated that individual avidin microwells were ideally suited to house single biological cells. Using standard epifluorescence microscope optics and a mercury-arc lamp, an individual 22 μm wide microwell could be optically addressed and selectively filled with avidin without the use of a photolithographic mask. The ability to control both the size and position of avidin domains on the microwell array surface demonstrates the utility of this methodology towards fabricating a single microwell array with multianalyte sensing capabilities.
Machine learning approach to data center monitoring using wireless sensor networks

Data Centers face considerable challenges in seamless integration of telemetry and control functions. These functions are essential to management tasks related to power capping, cooling, reliability, predictability, survivability, and adaptability control. It is therefore essential to create an infrastructure of sensors that monitors the physical properties of the dynamically changing environment. The conventional approaches to support distributed sensor data collection and control using wired solutions are static, expensive, and non-scalable. In this paper sensors and control agents supporting this telemetry are a part of a dense and noisy network that are scattered across the data centers. We present an alternative approach for this unique environment using wireless sensor network to improve data efficiency and real-time delivery. We propose genetic algorithm (GA) approach for a densely populated sensor network to dynamically construct optimal collection trees through improved channel diversity that support context aware sensor data compression and reduced latency data delivery.
Advanced DFS: A Dispersed Fringe Sensing Algorithm Insensitive to Small Calibration Errors

Dispersed Fringe Sensing (DFS) is an elegant method of coarse phasing segmented mirrors. DFS performance accuracy is dependent upon careful calibration of the system as well as other factors such as internal optical alignment, system wavefront errors, and detector quality. Novel improvements to the algorithm have led to substantial enhancements in DFS performance. In this paper, we present Advanced DFS, an advancement of the DFS algorithm, which allows the overall method to be less sensitive to calibration errors. This is achieved by correcting for calibration errors, which appear in the fitting equations as a signal phase term. This paper will outline a brief analytical explanation of the improvements, results of advanced DFS processed simulations and experimental advanced DFS results.
Hyperostosis and fixed partial denture pontics: Report of 16 patients and review of literature

A total of 19 hyperostoses underlying mandibular posterior fixed partial dentures were observed in 16 patients. In three patients the lesions were bilateral. Histologic examination of hyperostoses from eight patients showed that they were composed essentially of hyperplastic lamellar bone. Radiographic and clinical evidence suggested that subpontic hyperostoses are chronic, slow growing lesions with an exclusive predilection for the mandibular molar-premolar site. They appear to have variable growth rates and attain widely variable maximum size. The etiology of subpontic hyperostoses is unknown, but it is possible that inflammation, trauma, mandibular and occlusal function, and genetic factors, either individually or in combination, play a role in the initiation and development of these lesions. Subpontic hyperostoses have potential periodontal and restorative implications that may require their surgical removal.
Use of Bayesian belief networks in the analysis of information system network risk

Information system networks are becoming increasingly pervasive in military applications, and thereby increasingly important to the conduct of modern warfare. They are also, consequently, increasingly becoming a target in themselves for attack. These considerations lead to the concept of command and control warfare, and, more generally, information warfare which focus on the decision making elements of an adversary force. Complementary to the offensive aspect of information warfare is the problem of determining the risks associated with a commander's own assets, and the devising of appropriate defensive measures, which is a similarly complex task. This paper describes a simple tool, based upon the use of Bayesian networks and a straightforward application of the graph theory, which is intended to assist commanders in determining the level of risk associated with their information system network assets, as well as the selection of countermeasures to reduce that risk level.
Ideology, Foundationalism, and Sociological Theory

The issue of foundationalism and the growing irrelvance of sociological metatheorizing to the understanding of contemporary society is considered from the perspective of postmodernism. Foundationalism is treated as a form of ideology. Changes in the analysis of ideology are discussed briefly and the postmodern approach to the critique of grand narratives, or logocentrism, is introduced. Two meta-narratives, neofunctionalism and conflict theory, are criticized as illustrative examples of logocentrism. The postmodern critique is then applied to the issue of foundationalism as recently articulated in the “Seidman controversy.” which is exposed as containing hidden foundationalist implications of its own. The critique of foundationalism raises three issues that are discussed: the possibility of a deontological social theory, narrative as social inquiry, and the social role of academics as intellectuals.
Study of the consumption of TMI® in latex using attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR)

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the mechanism for consumption of isocyanate groups from a dimethyl meta-isopropenyl benzyl isocyanate (TMI®) monomer. A series of polystyrene/poly(butyl acrylate-co-TMI) [PS/P(BA-TMI)] core/shell structured latexes with different core/shell ratios were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization techniques. These latexes were air-dried on ATR-FTIR germanium (Ge) discs while the FTIR spectra were taken during the film-formation process. The amounts of isocyanate moieties which were reacted during polymerization and the film-formation process were determined quantitatively using the FTIR data combined with titration calibration of the isocyanate groups. The thickness of the shell in which the TMI monomer was incorporated was found to be very important in determining the extent of consumption (hydrolysis) of the isocyanate groups during either polymerization or film formation.
Effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular diastolic function

Abstract Because left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is abnormal in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate LV filling before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Filling was evaluated by Doppler in 2 studies: (1) in a group of 41 unpaired patients (11 with angiographically normal coronary arteries, 14 with CAD but without CABG and 16 at 1 week after CABG) and (2) in a group of 12 patients with CAD before and 1 week after CABG. Doppler sampling at the level of the mitral anulus was analyzed for the deceleration half-time and for the ratio of peak late (A) to peak early (E) filling velocity, measures reflecting early ventricular filling and the relative contribution of atrial contraction to ventricular filling. In the first study the deceleration half-time was significantly prolonged in both CAD and CABG groups. The late to early peak transmitral velocity ratio, however, was significantly prolonged only in the nonrevascularized CAD patients. In the second group of CAD patients studied before and 1 week after surgical revascularization, both the late to early peak transmttral velocity ratio and the deceleration half-time showed significant postoperative improvement. Thus, patients with CAD showed impairment in early LV filling and a compensatory increase in the proportion of filling with active atrial contraction. Successful CABG appears to result in normalization of early filling and decreased reliance on active atrial transport.
Temperature-Dependent Pentacene Nanostructures on Hydrophobic Gate-Dielectrics Correlated with Charge Carrier Mobilities

Crystalline nanostructures of pentacene thin films on octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated dielectrics, held at various substrate deposition temperatures (TDs), have been correlated with charge mobilities in the 60 nm thick pentacene-based field-effect transistors. On the gate-dielectrics held at TD ≤ 60 °C, the first pentacene seeding crystals tend to grow with layer-by-layer mode, while at TD > 60 °C they start to grow with island mode, affecting the subsequently growing crystal structure. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction shows that with an increase in TD a surface-induced “thin film phase” competes with a triclinic “bulk phase”, which significantly interferes lateral π-conjugation of pentacene due to different polymorphic structures.
An in vitro model of platelet aggregation in stenotic arteries

Abstract Clinical and experimental evidence suggest a strong relationship between arterial stenosis, platelet aggregation, and subsequent thrombus formation. To facilitate the study of platelet accumulation in stenotic arteries, we developed an in vitro preparation. Arterial segments were perfused with whole citrated blood. A stenosis was created by applying an external plastic constrictor to the artery. Platelet accumulation within the stenosis was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and by radioactive counts from Indium-111 labeled platelets. Utilizing this preparation, 30 carotid arterial segments from 10 mongrel dogs were perfused at 100 mmHg for 15 min. In 10 arteries without a stenosis, scanning electron microscopy and radioactive counts demonstrated little platelet accumulation. In contrast, extensive platelet aggregation was observed in 10 arteries with stenoses. Moreover, in 10 stenotic arteries exposed to the thromboxane mimetic, U46619 (Upjohn Diagnostic Group), scanning electron microscopy and radioactive counts demonstrated a significant increase in platelet deposition. Conversely, we demonstrated a dimunition of platelet accumulation in stenosed arterial segments exposed to the prostacyclin analogue platelet inhibitor, lloprost (Berlex Laboratories, Inc.). The in vitro preparation allows precise control of hemodynamic variables and makes it possible to perform multiple tests on segments of the same vessel from the same animal.
Ontogeny of cytochrome B5 and cytochrome P450 C17 in the human fetal adrenal gland during normal development.

Cytochrome P450 C17 (CYP17) participates in both androgen and glucocorticoid synthesis in the human adrenal. The accessory protein Cytochrome b5 (CYTb5) augments the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17, ...
Treatment of a rodent phobia by covert reinforcement: A single subject experiment

The efficacy of Cautela's covert reinforcement treatment procedure was tested in a single subject experiment with a clinically disabling phobia. The experiment confirmed the overall efficacy of the procedure; however, imaginal reinforcement following imaginal exposure was not necessary for improvement in approach behavior. On several other, more global self-report measures of fear, the imaginal reinforcement was found to be either facilitative or necessary to improvement.
Successful pregnancy in a treated patient with biotinidase deficiency

We report a patient with biotinidase deficiency treated with biotin during pregnancy with favourable outcome.
Moving least-squares approximations for linearly-solvable MDP

By introducing Linearly-solvable Markov Decision Process (LMDP), a general class of nonlinear stochastic optimal control problems can be reduced to solving linear problems. However, in practice, LMDP defined on continuous state space remain difficult due to high dimensionality of the state space. Here we describe a new framework for finding this solution by using a moving least-squares approximation. We use efficient iterative solvers which do not require matrix factorization, so we could handle large numbers of bases. The basis functions are constructed based on collocation states which change over iterations of the algorithm, so as to provide higher resolution at the regions of state space that are visited more often. The shape of the bases is automatically defined given the collocation states, in a way that avoids gaps in the coverage and avoids fitting a tremendous amount of parameters. Numerical results on test problems are provided and demonstrate good behavior when scaled to problems with high dimensionality.
Mutiscale Plastic Deformation near a Fatigue Crack from Diffraction

After an overload was imposed during a constant amplitude fatigue experiment, a retardation period was observed. The deformation in the vicinity of a crack tip was studied using neutron and x-ray microbeam-diffraction techniques, which provide millimeter and submicrometer spatial resolutions, respectively. From the neutron-diffraction measurements, compressive lattice strains and higher dislocation densities at the macroscale were observed in front of the crack tip, which indicates a plasticity induced crack-closure phenomenon. Furthermore, Laue patterns obtained from the microbeam diffraction at different locations near the crack tip show alternating regions with high and low dislocation densities at the mesoscale.
A wavelet interpretation of vehicle-pavement interaction

This paper utilizes a wavelet approach to interpret the interaction between truck dynamic axle loads and pavement roughness profile. The experimental data used was obtained from an instrumented 5-axle semi-trailer truck equipped with an air and a rubber suspension in the drive and trailer axles, respectively. Wavelet decomposes the original signal into a number of sub-band levels depending on its characteristics. The size of the dataset used allowed 11 levels of wavelet decomposition with test speed dependent frequencies ranging up to 4 cy/m. For dynamic load, the extent of variation in each of these wavelength sub-bands, was summarized through an energy metric effectively computed as the sum of the squares of the wavelet coefficients in each sub-band. Total energy was computed as the sum of the energy of all sub-bands and was normalized by dividing by the length of the test section. Relative energy was computed as the percent of total energy in each sub-band. The results were summarized through 3D plots ...
A note on the resolvent of a nonnegative matrix and its applications

We prove a conjecture of Dubey et al. on the change in the resolvent of a nonnegative matrix if its entries are decreased, and discuss applications to mathematical economics.
MO-D-BRB-02: Challenges of Introducing New Technology Into the Clinic

Implementing new technologies into the clinic is challenging on many levels. Besides the obvious manpower issues, physicists are challenged with; unreasonable timelines driven by market competition, technical staff acceptance, incompatibilities of devices provided by multiple vendors, and the lack of opportunities for proper education. Vendors have capitalized on the open purse‐strings hospitals provide due to the healthy reimbursement for IMRT and IGRT (daily localization). Physicist must use tools such as the Abt studies to negotiate proper staffing before the technologies arrive. During this talk we will review some simple methods to justify staffing. Physicists should set realistic timelines that depend on the agreed on staffing levels including IT assistance, and on compatibility of all systems involved. We will review timelines that have been suggested for given technologies, along with time efforts from Washington University, including, MLC‐IMRT, Tomotherapy, OBI, CBCT, video surface imaging, gating, US localization, etc. Physicists must be the key decision makers in choosing a team of technical staff personal to be the initial implementers. We have found the initiation of a new technology is smoothest if the dosimetrists and therapists first involved are pro‐active and capable of implementing a new technology. Procedure writing should be a team effort to ensure there is ownership. Ongoing continuing education and scheduled migration of other support staff to operating the new technology should be the responsibility of the physicist in charge of the device or technique. This includes re‐education of all involved for new software releases or new processes. As daily localization empowers therapists to make decisions on shifting patients, physicists should work with clinicians to decide; what is the minimum shift required for a shift to take place, when is the shift too much, and whether re‐evaluation is required. Our protocols will be discussed. And finally, physicists should ensure they receive proper training beyond what the vendor provides. This may be in the form of legitimate courses and workshops, or visits to institutions using the new technology. To this end, the physics and radiotherapy community should address how new physicists (residencies), dosimetrists (MDCB), and therapists (testing out) are being trained and evaluated, and how experienced personal are being re‐trained for our new environments. Learning Objectives: From this lecture, the physicists will learn how to: 1) estimate manpower needs, 2) formulate implementation timelines and tasks, 3) obtain the education necessary for the new technology.
Measuring inhalant nitrite exposure in gay men: implications for elucidating the etiology of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

We reviewed 12 epidemiologic studies conducted among gay men with AIDS to examine the role of potential ‘cofactors’ in the development of KS. Aspects of the studies reviewed include basic study design, wording of the questionnaires, and published results comparing KS patients with those who developed opportunistic infections indicative of AIDS. The studies included questions about sociodemographics, medical history, use of drugs, travel, and sexual behaviors. Patients were invited to provide blood and/or other specimens for laboratory analysis.
Magnetoplasmons of the two-dimensional electron grid.

We present a theory of the magnetoplasmons of two-dimensional electron grid (antidot) structures. We develop a variational Wigner-Seitz model to study such periodic electron structures. We derive an analytical solution for the far-infrared (FIR) response, and obtain results in quantitative agreement with experiments. Our work provides not only an explanation for the recently observed FIR anomaly, but also a useful basis for further theoretical studies of collective properties of electron grid (antidot) structures.
Elated Citizenry: Deception and the Democratic Task of Bearing Witness

It has become nearly a truism for contemporary theorists of democracy to understand the democratic space as agonistic and contested. The shadow that haunts thinkers of democracy today, and out of which this assumption emerges, is the specter of totalitarianism with its claims to a totalizing knowledge in the form of ideology and a totalizing power of a sovereign will that claims to be the embodiment of the law. Caught up in these totalizing claims, the citizenry becomes elated. The only remedy to totalitarianism is a democratic space wherein no one can claim to know the truth, no one can claim to occupy the space of power, and no one can claim to embody the law. The problem with this remedy is that it fails entirely to take account of what Arendt understands to be the fundamental condition of totalitarianism, namely, the institution of a "lying world order" whereby reality is replaced with a lie. For Arendt therefore the remedy for totalitarianism and its elated citizenry depends first and foremost upon the existence of factual truth. Following Arendt as well as Shoshana Felman's work on testimony, I argue that bearing witness to factual reality is the ground of the democratic public space and the remedy to an elated citizenry caught up in a lying world order.
Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-Like Protein Pup Is Intrinsically Disordered

Abstract The prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein Pup targets substrates for degradation by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome through its interaction with Mpa, an ATPase that is thought to abut the 20S catalytic subunit. Ubiquitin, which is assembled into a polymer to similarly signal for proteasomal degradation in eukaryotes, adopts a stable and compact structural fold that is adapted into other proteins for diverse biological functions. We used NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that, unlike ubiquitin, the 64-amino-acid protein Pup is intrinsically disordered with small helical propensity in the C-terminal region. We found that the Pup:Mpa interaction involves an extensive contact surface that spans S21–K61 and that the binding is in the “slow exchange” regime on the NMR time scale, thus demonstrating higher affinity than most ubiquitin:ubiquitin receptor pairs. Interestingly, during the titration experiment, intermediate Pup species were observable, suggesting the formation of one or more transient state(s) upon binding. Moreover, Mpa selected one configuration for a region undergoing chemical exchange in the free protein. These findings provide mechanistic insights into Pup's functional role as a degradation signal.
ALIEN FISHES IN CALIFORNIA WATERSHEDS: CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL AND FAILED INVADERS

The literature on alien animal invaders focuses largely on successful invasions over broad geographic scales and rarely examines failed invasions. As a result, it is difficult to make predictions about which species are likely to become successful invaders or which environments are likely to be most susceptible to invasion. To address these issues, we developed a data set on fish invasions in watersheds throughout California (USA) that includes failed introductions. Our data set includes information from three stages of the invasion process (establishment, spread, and integration). We define seven categorical predictor variables (trophic status, size of native range, parental care, maximum adult size, physiological tolerance, distance from nearest native source, and propagule pressure) and one continuous predictor variable (prior invasion success) for all introduced species. Using an information-theoretic approach we evaluate 45 separate hypotheses derived from the invasion literature over these three sta...
Systematic variation of microtopography, surface chemistry and elastic modulus and the state dependent effect on endothelial cell alignment

We examined how variations in elastic modulus, surface chemistry and the height and spacing of micro-ridges interact and effect endothelial cell (EC) alignment. Specifically, we employed independent control of the surface properties in order to elucidate the relative importance of each factor. Polydimethylsiloxane elastomer (PDMSe) was fabricated with 1.5 or 5 microm tall, 5 microm spaced and 5, 10, or 20 microm wide ridge microtopographies. Elastic modulus was varied from 0.3, 1.0, 1.4, and 2.3 MPa by controlling oligomeric additives and crosslink density. Surface chemistry was left untreated, argon plasma treated, coated with fibronectin (Fn) or patterned with Fn tracks on flat PDMSe or the tops of micro-ridges. Primary porcine vascular ECs were cultured on the PDMSe substrates and nuclear form factor (NFF) was used to determine cell orientation relative to surface microtopography. Experimental results showed that microtopographical variation strongly altered EC alignment on Fn coated surfaces, but not on plasma treated surfaces. Interestingly, similar alignment was achieved with different orientation cues, either micropatterned chemistry (2D) or microtopography (3D). In total, the effect of varying one of the experimental parameters depended strongly on the state of the others, highlighting the need for multi-factor analysis of surface properties for applications where cells and tissue will contact synthetic materials.
Point process convergence of stochastic volatility processes with application to sample autocorrelation

The paper considers one of the standard processes for modeling returns in finance, the stochastic volatility process with regularly varying innovations. The aim of the paper is to show how point process techniques can be used to derive the asymptotic behavior of the sample autocorrelation function of this process with heavy-tailed marginal distributions. Unlike other non-linear models used in finance, such as GARCH and bilinear models, sample autocorrelations of a stochastic volatility process have attractive asymptotic properties. Specifically, in the infinite variance case, the sample autocorrelation function converges to zero in probability at a rate that is faster the heavier the tails of the marginal distribution. This behavior is analogous to the asymptotic behavior of the sample autocorrelations of independent identically distributed random variables.
Differential expression of p95vav in primary lymphoid tissue of BB rats congenic for the lymphopenia gene.

Lyp controls lymphopenia and T-cell mediated autoimmune diabetes in the Bio Breeding (BB) rat possibly by interacting with T-cell maturation in the thymus. The protooncogene vav (p95) is involved in T-cell activation and in the intrathymic selection of developing T cells. We have previously reported increased production of IFN-γ of self reactive thymocytes in the thymus medulla of Lyp/Lyp BB rats. Lymphopenia and diabetes may therefore be linked to an increase in thymocyte activation leading to a bias in thymocyte development. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate whether the expression of p95vav in primary lymphoid tissues from congenic Lyp/Lyp, Lyp/+ and +/+ BB rats was correlated to the Lyp genotype using in situ hybridization and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. It was found that the expression of vav mRNA in the thymus was increased in Lyp/Lyp compared to Lyp/+ and +/+ rats (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of p95vav protein in Lyp/Lyp thymus was also increase...
Experimental Evaluation of Co-Infusion as a Viable Method for In-Mold Coating of Composite Components

This work assessed the viability of co-infusing a thermoset resin and liquid coating formulations for the in-mold coating of composite components manufactured by the resin infusion between double tooling (RIDFT) process. Material trade studies conducted to resolve the compatibility issues of the separation layer and coating material were successful. The modifications of the RIDFT-IMC assembly succeeded in eliminating the risk of premature fiber wetting during coating material infusion. Experiments were conducted to determine the best manufacturing conditions for production of a viable RIDFT-IMC component. The results indicate that reducing the coating exposure to heat yielded in improved surface characteristics. Microstructural examination further confirmed that the coating did not infiltrate the fiber-resin interface.
Cessation of cyclic vomiting in a 7-year-old girl after upper cervical chiropractic care: a case report

Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe chiropractic management of a child with cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Finite Element Analysis of Force Transmission in Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Skeletal muscle has a complex hierarchical structure which is mainly composed of myofibers and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) including endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. To produce movement, force generated by individual myofibers has to be transmitted to the tendon. Previous studies have shown that many muscle fibers terminate within the fascicle without reaching either ends of the tendon[1,2], in which case force generated has to be transmitted laterally through the ECM to surrounding fibers and then to the tendon[3]. In this study, a two dimensional finite element (FE) model of a single muscle fiber was developed to determine the effects of ECM stiffness and tapered end angles of myofiber on lateral transmission of force in skeletal muscle.© 2012 ASME
A role for AQP5 in activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity: concerted involvement of AQP5 and TRPV4 in regulation of cell volume recovery

Regulation of cell volume in response to changes in osmolarity is critical for cell function and survival. However, the molecular basis of osmosensation and regulation of cell volume are not clearly understood. We have examined the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in salivary gland cells and report a novel association between osmosensing TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanalloid 4) and AQP5 (aquaporin 5), which is required for regulating water permeability and cell volume. Exposure of salivary gland cells and acini to hypotonicity elicited an increase in cell volume and activation of RVD. Hypotonicity also activated Ca2+ entry, which was required for subsequent RVD. Ca2+ entry was associated with a distinct nonselective cation current that was activated by 4alphaPDD and inhibited by ruthenium red, suggesting involvement of TRPV4. Consistent with this, endogenous TRPV4 was detected in cells and in the apical region of acini along AQP5. Importantly, acinar cells from mice lacking either TRPV4 or AQP5 displayed greatly reduced Ca2+ entry and loss of RVD in response to hypotonicity, although the extent of cell swelling was similar. Expression of N terminus-deleted AQP5 suppressed TRPV4 activation and RVD but not cell swelling. Furthermore, hypotonicity increased the association and surface expression of AQP5 and TRPV4. Both these effects and RVD were reduced by actin depolymerization. These data demonstrate that (i) activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity depends on AQP5, not on cell swelling per se, and (ii) TRPV4 and AQP5 concertedly control regulatory volume decrease. These data suggest a potentially important role for TRPV4 in salivary gland function.
An International Comparison of the Incidence of Public Sector Whistle-Blowing and the Prediction of Retaliation: Australia, Norway, and the US

We compare results of several large-scale survey studies of whistle-blowing by public sector employees, from samples in Australia, Norway, and the United States. Specifically, we review incidence rates of wrongdoing, whistle-blowing and retaliation, as perceived by thousands of respondents employed by many government agencies in these countries. Despite differences in measurement in the studies and variation in results, findings suggest that wrongdoing was quite frequently observed and was reported in many cases. Retaliation resulted for far fewer than half of the whistle-blowers, in all three nations. We also compare findings from the various studies concerning variables that predicted retaliation against whistle-blowers in the different samples. Differences in results across the three countries add to existing evidence that country and workplace cultures can affect the whistle-blowing process.
Challenging exclusionary paradigms in the traditional musical canon: Implications for music education practice

The authors propose that best practices in music education require a conceptual understanding of music teaching and learning based on a perspective of social justice and equitable access for all students. Examinations of the relationship between the tenets of culturally-responsive teaching and three dimensions of music teaching and learning (musical content, instruction, and context) are presented: (1) historically, through the identification of neglected African American contributions to Appalachian music; and (2) pedagogically, through the chronicling of social justice content and culturally-responsive instruction as taught in an urban university and public middle school. The implications of issues of power and social justice for music education are further contextualized within the lens of critical pedagogy to uncover possibilities for a 21st century canon of music teacher preparation that will maximize the potential to transform music education practice.