cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discharge and nutrient transport between lakes in a hydrologically complex area of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, 2010-2012

An acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) was deployed in the narrows between Namakan and Kabetogama Lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, from November 3, 2010, through October 3, 2012. The ADVM can account for wind, seiche, and changing flow direction in hydrologically complex areas. The objectives were to (1) estimate discharge and document the direction of water flow, (2) assess whether specific conductance can be used to determine flow direction, and (3) document nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the narrows. The discharge direction through the narrows was seasonal. Water generally flowed out of Kabetogama Lake and into Namakan Lake throughout the ice-covered season. During spring, water flow was generally from Namakan Lake to Kabetogama Lake. During the summer and fall, the water flowed in both directions, affected in part by wind. Water flowed into Namakan Lake 70% of water year 2011 and 56% of water year 2012. Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were highest during the summer months when water-flow direction was unpredictable. The use of an ADVM was effective for assessing flow direction and provided flow direction under ice. The results indicated the eutrophic Kabetogama Lake may have a negative effect on the more pristine Namakan Lake. The results also provide data on the effects of the current water-level management plan and may help determine if adjustments are necessary to help protect the aquatic ecosystem of Voyageurs National Park.
An Entomogenous Fungus Observed Attacking Alfalfa Weevil Adults in New YorK

During the spring of 1963 an entomogenous fungus was observed in colonies of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postira (Gyllenhal), at Ithaca, N. Y. The adult weevils, field collected near Fishkill, N. Y., were confined at 100/container in a series of 1½-pint-jars used as oviposition cages. Each jar contained a 1-in. layer of plaster of paris in the bottom, which was kept saturated with water to maintain the high humidity necessary to keep damp the cut alfalfa stems provided, thus making them suitable for successful oviposition for the 24-hr period until they were replaced with fresh stems. At the end of the egg-laying period, 2 weeks after initial confinement, the beetles normally die and at this time it was noted that 2–3% of the dead adults were covered with white fungal growth. Infected specimens were sent to Dr. E. A. Steinhaus of the University of California’s Division of Invertebrate Pathology, Berkley, who identified the pathogen as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Studies of this fungus by Dresner (1949. 1950), Katsumata (1931), and Lefebvre (1934) provide details of its life history and pathogenicity and the work of McCoy and Carver (1941) describes mass culture techniques. Although this species occurs on a wide variety of hosts throughout the world and has been reported from H. postica in California, this report is believed to be the first record of its attacking the weevil in the Eastern United States.
Diet and TEPA therapy in sarcoma-bearing rats.

SummaryIn a Swiss-Webster strain of mice, pertussis vaccine treatment increased the sensitivity to intravenously injected histamine 33 times, whereas surgical adrenalectomy had no significant effect on sensitivity to histamine. This finding, in addition to lack of direct evidence to the contrary, warrants the conclusion that Hemophilus pertussis vaccine enhances sensitivity of mice to histamine through some mechanism other than impairment of adrenal function.
Oceanic transport of surface meltwater from the southern Greenland ice sheet

The Greenland ice sheet has undergone accelerating mass losses during recent decades. Freshwater runoff from ice melt can influence fjord circulation and dynamic1 and the delivery of bioavailable micronutrients to the ocean. It can also have climate implications, because stratification in the adjacent Labrador Sea may influence deep convection and the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Yet, the fate of the meltwater in the ocean remains unclear. Here, we use a high-resolution ocean model to show that only 1-15% of the surface meltwater runoff originating from southwest Greenland is transported westwards. In contrast, up to 50-60% of the meltwater runoff originating from southeast Greenland is transported westwards into the northern Labrador Sea, leading to significant salinity and stratification anomalies far from the coast. Doubling meltwater runoff, as predicted in future climate scenarios, results in a more-than-double increase in anomalies offshore that persists further into the winter. Interannual variability in offshore export of meltwater is tightly related to variability in wind forcing. The new insight that meltwaters originating from the west and east coasts have different fates indicates that future changes in mass loss rates and surface runoff will probably impact the ocean differently, depending on their Greenland origins.
Non-linear tumor-immune interactions arising from spatial metabolic heterogeneity

A hybrid multiscale mathematical model of tumor growth is used to investigate how tumoral and microenvironmental heterogeneity affect the response of the immune system. The model includes vascular dynamics and evolution of metabolic tumor phenotypes. Cytotoxic T cells are simulated, and their effect on tumor growth is shown to be dependent on the structure of the microenvironment and the distribution of tumor phenotypes. Importantly, no single immune strategy is best at all stages of tumor growth.
Study on the Influence of Forced Oxidation Air Utilization Rate to the Slurry Oxidation

According to the phenomenon that the slurry oxidation is often deteriorated and cannot be dehydrated while there are no FGD system fault and the SO2 concentration at the inlet of the FGD is within its design value in a certain power plant in Guangxi.The natural oxidation rate of the slurry is tested,analyzed and calculated.It is found that the main reason is the over low utilization rate of forced oxidation air(unless 9%),which is directly caused by the lower stirrer speed of absorption tower.After the replacement of stirrer engine and the speed increasing from 185 r/min to 480 r/min,the forced oxidation air was increased to 21%,and the slurry oxidation went back to its normal status.The method to obtain the natural oxidation rate of FGD slurry by test is proposed.
Ligand-induced dependence of charge transfer in nanotube–quantum dot heterostructures

As a model system to probe ligand-dependent charge transfer in complex composite heterostructures, we fabricated double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT)–CdSe quantum dot (QD) composites. Whereas the average diameter of the QDs probed was kept fixed at ∼4.1 nm and the nanotubes analyzed were similarly oxidatively processed, by contrast, the ligands used to mediate the covalent attachment between the QDs and DWNTs were systematically varied to include p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 2-aminoethanethiol (AET), and 4-aminothiophenol (ATP). Herein, we have put forth a unique compilation of complementary data from experiment and theory, including results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical transport measurements, and theoretical modeling studies, in order to fundamentally assess the nature of the charge transfer between CdSe QDs and DWNTs, as a function of the structure of various, intervening bridging ligand molecules. Specifically, we correlated evidence of charge transfer as manifested by changes and shifts associated with NEXAFS intensities, Raman peak positions, and threshold voltages both before and after CdSe QD deposition onto the underlying DWNT surface. Importantly, for the first time ever in these types of nanoscale composite systems, we have sought to use theoretical modeling to justify and account for our experimental results. Our overall data suggest that (i) QD coverage density on the DWNTs varies, based upon the different ligand pendant groups used and that (ii) the presence of a π-conjugated carbon framework within the ligands themselves coupled with the electron affinity of their pendant groups collectively play important roles in the resulting charge transfer from QDs to the underlying CNTs.
A new method for the determination of alpha-amylase.

Es wird eine einfache und empfindliche Methode zur Bestimmung der α-Amylase mit Hilfe eines durch Remazolbrillantblau R kovalent markierten Starkesubstrates beschrieben. Die Bestimmung der Enzymwirkung erfolgt durch colorimetrische Messung der Spaltprodukte nach Entfernung des uberschussigen Substrates.
Textured Dust Storm Activity in Northeast Amazonis–Southwest Arcadia, Mars: Phenomenology and Dynamical Interpretation

AbstractDust storms are Mars’s most notable meteorological phenomenon, but many aspects of their structure and dynamics remain mysterious. The cloud-top appearance of dust storms in visible imagery varies on a continuum between diffuse/hazy and textured. Textured storms contain cellular structure and/or banding, which is thought to indicate active lifting within the storm. Some textured dust storms may contain the deep convection that generates the detached dust layers observed high in Mars’s atmosphere. This study focuses on textured local dust storms in a limited area within Northeast (NE) Amazonis and Southwest (SW) Arcadia Planitiae (25°–40°N, 155°–165°W) using collocated observations by instruments on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) satellites. In northern fall and winter, this area frequently experiences dust storms with a previously unreported ruffled texture that resembles wide, mixed-layer rolls in Earth’s atmosphere, a resemblance that is supported by h...
Assessment of Avenins from Different Oat Varieties Using R5-Based Sandwich ELISA

Gluten derived from wheat and related triticeae cereals possesses distinct amino acid sequences that provoke the immunopathogenic features of celiac disease (CD) in genetically susceptible individuals. However, the role of oat-derived gluten, or avenins, in CD pathogenesis remains a disputed matter, as evidenced by a lack in harmonized legislation regarding gluten classification in relation to gluten-free labeling. In this study, we have analyzed a panel of pure oat cultivars using a sandwich ELISA based on the R5 monoclonal antibody (mAb), which binds to canonical epitopes occurring within celiagenic peptides present in triticeae-derived gluten but reportedly not present in avenins. We have identified three varieties of oats that reproducibly bind R5 antibodies and levels indicating the presence of gluten at more than the 20 ppm gluten regulatory threshold. Nested assessment using Western blot analysis and alternative gluten detection systems corroborated these results. Collectively, these data suggest t...
Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making

Abstract Research demonstrating the biophysical benefits of urban trees are often used to justify investments in urban forestry. Far less emphasis, however, is placed on the non-bio-physical benefits such as improvements in public health. Indeed, the public-health benefits of trees may be significantly larger than the biophysical benefits, and, therefore, failure to account for the public-health benefits of trees may lead to underinvestment in urban forestry. In addition, the distribution of trees that maximizes bio-physical benefits may not maximize public-health benefits.
Latent heat of the large N finite temperature phase transition

Reduced large $N$ gauge theories have a phase with unbroken center symmetry and phases in which that symmetry is broken for Polyakov loops in one or more lattice directions. The phase with unbroken symmetry is associated with the zero temperature, infinite volume, infinite $N$ theory while the phase in which the symmetry is broken in just one lattice direction has been conjectured to be the spatial reduction of the high temperature, infinite volume, infinite $N$ theory. Measurements of the scaling properties of the latent heat of the transition between these phases test that hypothesis. The results indicate a nonzero latent heat in the continuum limit. Substantial finite spacing effects remain, and finer lattices will be needed to confirm physical scaling.
The Great Baseball Revolt: The Rise and Fall of the 1890 Players League, by Robert B. Ross

Today, the highest levels of professional baseball in the United States are the Major Leagues – the National League (NL), founded in 1876, and the American League (AL), founded in 1901 – but that w...
A hybrid functional study of native point defects in Cu2SnS3: implications for reducing carrier recombination

The native point defects in the earth-abundant solar material Cu2SnS3 are studied using the hybrid functional. To generate more accurate formation energies of defects, the extended Freysoldt, Neugebauer, and Van de Walle (FNV) method is used for finite-size corrections in the charged supercell calculations. According to the calculated defect energetics, it is found that the usual experimental conditions can lead to abundant deep centers that deteriorate solar cell performance. To reduce the carrier recombination caused by the deep centers, Sn-rich and S-poor conditions should be attempted. The present calculations also give satisfactory explanations for a recent experimental work on the defect levels in Cu2SnS3.
All Awareness and No Action: Can Social Work Leverage Creative Arts’ Potential?

Social work is grounded with an emphasis on promoting the well-being being of individuals and families with an explicit recognition of how the environment plays a significant role in the unfolding ...
Diminished long-term recovery of peak flow rate (PFR) after robotic prostatectomy in men with baseline PFR <10 mL/s and incidental association with high-risk prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on uroflowmetry (UF) parameters among men with baseline peak flow rates (PFR) 5 years, but mean postoperative PFR was 20% lower in men with baseline PFR <10 mL/s. Preoperative prostate-specific antigen (odds ratio [OR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.95) and PFR (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.34-0.80) were independent predictors of the percentage improvement in men with baseline PFR <10 mL/s. Preoperative PFR ≤7 mL/s was an independent predictor of Gleason score ≥8 (P = .016), seminal vesicle invasion (P = .010), and lymph node invasion (0.029). CONCLUSIONS After RARP, PFR improved significantly, with the improvement persisting over long-term follow-up. However, men with baseline PFR <10 mL/s had a 20% lower postoperative PFR over 5 years, suggesting permanent damage to the bladder and the need for early treatment to maintain bladder health. There appears to be an association between baseline PFR ≤7 mL/s and adverse pathologic features.
Utilizing Geriatrics-Focused Web-Based Continuing Education to Reach Practitioners in Rural Practice

Continuing education (CE) provides community healthcare practitioners an opportunity to develop and maintain competence after their initial training is complete. With increasing clinical demands and limited resources for practicing community providers, the need for easily accessible, high-quality continuing education is in growing demand. Also, given the aging of the U.S. population, CE that addresses the complex care needs of older adults is of critical importance. These CE opportunities are particularly needed in rural areas where physicians typically maintain a single-physician private practice and are unable to leave their patients to attend in-person CE. Unfortunately, access to CE with geriatrics-focused content can be challenging in rural communities where opportunities may be limited and access to administrative, financial, and technological resources and/or support are minimal (Hendrickx and Winters 2017). To meet this identified need, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Geriatric Education Center (GEC) and UAB Reynolds Program partnered with the UAB Division of Continuing Medical Education (CME) to develop enduring interprofessional geriatrics education modules (i-GEMs), a web-based geriatrics-focused CME curricula to be disseminated through a previously established on-line portal with 1000+ community physician members. The UAB GEC and Reynolds Program recognized the need for geriatrics-focused CE for other health professionals and worked with the Division of CME to expand the portal to include CE opportunities for additional healthcare professionals (examples include nurses, occupational therapists, physician assistants, and social workers). To ensure that participants of UAB GEC and Reynolds Program curriculum were able to locate the developed content, a geriatrics-specific sub-portal was established. With the expansion of the CME portal, the UAB GEC also identified that to create versatile and interprofessional content, a different approach would be required to develop i-GEMs that would applicable to all targeted healthcare professionals. To meet this new need, the UAB GEC incorporated the development of i-GEMs as a scholarly project into their year-long faculty development program to establish a pipeline for ongoing geriatrics-focused IPE modules. This paper describes the development of the interprofessional CE content, the partnership between the UAB GEC and Reynolds Programs with the Division of CME, as well as the utilization of the i-GEMs by practicing healthcare professionals.
Statistical adjustment of network degree in respondent-driven sampling estimators: Venue attendance as a proxy for network size among young MSM

Abstract We introduce a new venue-informed network degree measure, which we applied to respondent-driven sampling (RDS) estimators. Using data collected from 746 young MSM in 2014–2016 in Chicago, IL, and Houston, TX, we estimated the population seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis and risk/protective behaviors, using RDS estimates with self-reported network size as a standard degree measure as well as our proposed venue-informed degree measure. The results indicate that the venue-informed degree measure tended to be more efficient (smaller variance) and less biased than the other measure in both cities sampled. Venue attendance-adjusted network size may provide a more reliable and accurate degree measure for RDS estimates of the outcomes of interest.
Cutting the Gordian Knot of the Microbiota.

The gut microbiota plays a central role in human health. Studies by Tramontano et al. (2018) and Maier et al. (2018) improve our understanding of the metabolism and pharmaceutical impact of human gut bacteria through high-throughput screening of growth in the presence of different nutrients and drugs, respectively.
Bacterial Growth Rate and Marine Virus-Host Dynamics.

The dynamics of a marine virus–host system were investigated at different steady state growth rates in chemostat cultures and the data were analyzed using a simple model. The virus–host interactions showed strong dependence on host cell growth rate. The duration of the infection cycle and the virus burst size were found to depend on bacterial growth rate, and the rate of cell lysis and virus production were positively correlated with steady state growth rate in the cultures (r 2 > 0.96, p < 0.05). At bacterial growth rates of 0.02 to 0.10 h−1 in the chemostats the virus burst size increased from 12 ± 4 to 56 ± 4, and the latent period decreased from 2.0 to 1.7 h. Resistant clones of the host strain were present in the cultures from the beginning of the experiment and replaced the sensitive host cells following viral lysis in the cultures. Regrowth of resistant cells correlated significantly (r 2= 1.000, p < 0.02) with the lysis rate of sensitive cells, indicating that release of viral lysates stimulated growth of the non-infected, resistant cells. The constructed model was suitable for simulating the observed dynamics of the sensitive host cells, viruses and resistant clones in the cultures. The model was therefore used in an attempt to predict the dynamics of this virus–host interaction in a natural marine environment during a certain set of growth conditions. The simulation indicated that a steady state relationship between the specific viruses and sensitive and resistant bacterial clones may occur at densities that are reasonable to assume for natural environments. The study demonstrates that basic characterization and modeling of specific virus–host interactions may improve our understanding of the behavior of bacteria and viruses in natural systems.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction persists in the human transplanted lung.

1. The preservation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in the denervated lung was studied in five human heart–lung transplant recipients. 2. AH five patients showed significant increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxic exposure, returning toward normoxic values during recovery. Aside from P ao 2 and P ao 2 , other factors known to influence pulmonary vascular resistance did not change significantly during the hypoxic period. 3. There was no relation between the length of the post-transplantation period and the intensity of HPV, suggesting that reinnervation of the pulmonary vascular bed did not account for persistent HPV and that HPV persists in the human transplanted lung despite the loss of autonomic neural innervation.
Numerical Investigation of Seabed Response Under Waves With Free-surface Water Flow

Seabed response caused by waves is investigated numerically with a 3-dimensional coupled solver of fluid flow and consolidation. The free surface is modeled by the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, and the water wave is generated by the numerical wave maker boundary condition. An iterative numerical scheme is proposed to solve the Biot consolidation equation using the finite volume method (FVM). The coupling between water wave and seabed is through stress and continuity condition on common boundaries. The numerical test shows good agreement with the analytical solution. A 3-D application of seabed response under waves with the presence of the object is also carried out. The current model can also be used at the onset of piping scour.
Memphis Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS) Phase 2: Design and baseline

Obesity prevalence is increasing in the U.S., especially among children and minority populations. This report describes the design and baseline data of the ongoing Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS) trial (Memphis site), which is testing the efficacy of a 2-year family-based intervention to reduce excessive increase in body mass index (BMI). This randomized, controlled trial conducted at community centers in Memphis, Tennessee requires major measurements at baseline and at 12 and 24 months post-randomization. The participants are healthy African-American girls and one parent/caregiver of each girl. Participating girls are of ages 8-10 years, with BMI>or=25th percentile of the CDC 2000 growth charts or with one overweight or obese parent/caregiver (BMI>or=25 kg/m(2)). The active intervention is designed to prevent excessive weight gain by promoting healthy eating habits and increasing physical activity. An alternative intervention (comparison group) promotes general self-esteem and social efficacy. The main outcome measure is the difference between the two treatment groups in the change in BMI at 2 years. Three hundred and three girls have been randomly assigned to receive the test intervention (n=153) or the alternative intervention (n=150). The two groups do not differ in baseline characteristics. At the time of enrollment, the mean age was 9 years, the mean BMI was 22 kg/m(2) (mean BMI percentile=77 th), and 41% were overweight (BMI>/=95th percentile using CDC 2000 growth charts). Participants' intake of fruits and vegetables (1.3 serving/day) and fats (36% kcal), and their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (20 min/day), did not meet national recommendations. The GEMS obesity prevention intervention targets improved diet and increased physical activity to reduce excessive weight gain in healthy African-American girls of ages 8-10.
Staffing Challenges in Financial Services

The people of a financial services firm comprise its most important asset. A customer’s impression of the firm is influenced greatly by every interchange she/he has with a professional employed by the firm. These professionals create the perceptual realities of the firm to its customers. In more traditional retailing this has been recognized and acted upon by such industry leaders as Wal-Mart and Home Depot. But that which is an asset can also be a liability. By this we mean that professional staff members comprise a labor pool that - with paid benefits - may be the largest single cost category of the firm So, managers of financial services firms are faced with the dual responsibilities of having to hire, train and keep very talented and motivated professionals and yet do this in a way that is cost conscience. The cost part of the equation can become quite complicated. Each worker comes with a unique skill set but can be trained to enlarge that skill set - usually at a cost of training and promotion. Customers of financial services firms have widely differing needs and expectations; and can show up requiring service at quite unpredictable times.
Postoperative bleeding in tonsillectomy patients

A three-year retrospective study was performed on 494 patients to compare the effects of two techniques of tonsillectomy, with respect to rates of postoperative bleeding. One surgeon performed prim...
An electrochemical technique for controlled dissolution of zirconium based components of light water reactors

Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) based liners and getters are the principle functional components of Tritium-Producing Burnable Absorber Rods (TPBARs) in light water nuclear reactors where they reduce tritiated water into tritium gas. Upon tritium exposure, zirconium tritide is formed, which changes the chemical composition, structure and morphology of these materials. Their thermodynamic properties are affected by (i) the hydride phase identity, (ii) radial and spatial tritide/hydride (T/H) distribution, and (iii) the changes in structure and morphology of the material upon T/H-migration, and their comprehensive knowledge is needed to predict performance of these materials. This work demonstrates that controlled potential electrochemistry techniques to be highly efficient for controlled oxidative radial dissolution of Zr-4 based liners (both unloaded and loaded with hydride/deuteride as chemical surrogates for tritium). The electrodissolution is further combined with microscopic techniques to accurately determine the distribution of hydride phases. This work demonstrates a reliable technique for radially etching the liners after irradiation to provide insight into the radial and spatial distribution of tritium within the TPBAR, improving the fundamental understanding of tritium transport and providing a basis for validating predictive models.
Arsenic variability and groundwater age in three water supply wells in southeast New Hampshire

Abstract Three wells in New Hampshire were sampled bimonthly over three years to evaluate the temporal variability of arsenic concentrations and groundwater age. All samples had measurable concentrations of arsenic throughout the entire sampling period and concentrations in individual wells had a mean variation of more than 7 μg/L. The time series data from this sampling effort showed that arsenic concentrations ranged from a median of 4 μg/L in a glacial aquifer well (SGW-65) to medians of 19 μg/L and 37 μg/L in wells (SGW-93 and KFW-87) screened in the bedrock aquifer, respectively. These high arsenic concentrations were associated with the consistently high pH (median ≥ 8) and low dissolved oxygen (median Mean groundwater ages were less than 50 years old in all three wells and correlated with conservative tracer concentrations, such as chloride; however, mean age was not directly correlated with arsenic concentrations. Arsenic concentrations at KFW-87 did correlate with water levels, in addition, there was a seasonal pattern, which suggests that either the timing of or multiple sampling efforts may be important to define the full range of arsenic concentrations in domestic bedrock wells. Since geochemically reduced conditions and alkaline pHs are common to both bedrock and glacial aquifer wells in this study, groundwater age correlates less strongly with arsenic concentrations than geochemical conditions. There also is evidence of direct hydraulic connection between the glacial and bedrock aquifers, which can influence arsenic concentrations. Correlations between arsenic concentrations and the age of the old fraction of water in SGW-65 and the age of the young fraction of water in SGW-93 suggest that water in the two aquifers may be mixing or at least some of the deeper, older water captured by the glacial aquifer well may be from a similar source as the shallow young groundwater from the bedrock aquifer. The contrast in arsenic concentrations in the two aquifers may be because of increased adsorption capacity of glacio-fluvial sediments, which can limit contaminants more than fractured rock. In addition, this study illustrates that long residence times are not necessary to achieve more geochemically evolved conditions such as high pH and reduced conditions as is typically found with older water in other regions.
Domesticated Animals on Exhibit at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1900-1928.

Abstract In 1905 the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University began planning for a new domesticated animals exhibition in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of its founder Louis Agassiz. The resulting displays of variation and heredity in poultry, pigeons, rabbits, mice, and guinea pigs proved surprisingly popular to museumgoers. Some of these specimens still exist in the museum’s storage facilities, namely a series of poultry donated by the biologist Charles B. Davenport and an elaborate set of guinea pigs from the experimental evolutionist William E. Castle. Situating these domesticated animal displays within academic and popular cultures of poultry fancying, animal breeding, and evolutionary science reveals how a nineteenth-century museum known for its ties to anti-evolutionary principles attempted to modernize its public exhibits.
Environmental and Green Crime

This chapter presents an overview of the criminology/criminal justice literature on environmental crime, alternatively referred to as crimes against the environment or “green” criminology. Generally acknowledged to date back to the early 1990s, the literature on environmental and green criminology topics continues to garner attention from scholars around the world on an accelerating basis. In fact, despite some key limitations, this body of scholarship has contributed many interesting perspectives on theory, empirical patterns, and implications for policy involving legal interpretations, crime correlates, and justice system response. What the environmental/green criminology movement has not done, broadly speaking, is to enter the criminology/criminal justice mainstream to become a subject of common study for the discipline. This chapter identifies the philosophical and theoretical genesis of the green criminology movement (contextualizing its critical underpinnings) and noting some counter-perspectives on its evolution, before reviewing the literature concerning the correlates and consequences of environmental crime. Additional discussion is devoted to the conceptualization of environmental crime as a sub-form of corporate/white collar crime, and to the various legal and procedural elements commonly studied by social scientists. The chapter concludes with observations and recommendations for the future of criminology/criminal justice study of environmental crime.
Optimization of wavelet coherence analysis as a measure of neural synchrony during hyperscanning using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Significance: The expanding field of human social interaction is enabled by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that acquires hemodynamic signals during live two-person interactions. These advances call for development of methods to quantify interactive processes. Aim: Wavelet coherence analysis has been applied to cross-brain neural coupling. However, fNIRS-specific computations have not been explored. This investigation determines the effects of global mean removal, wavelet equation, and choice of oxyhemoglobin versus deoxyhemoglobin signals. Approach: We compare signals with a known coherence with acquired signals to determine optimal computational approaches. The known coherence was calculated using three visual stimulation sequences of a contrast-reversing checkerboard convolved with the canonical hemodynamic response function. This standard was compared with acquired human fNIRS responses within visual cortex using the same sequences. Results: Observed coherence was consistent with known coherence with highest correlations within the wavelength range between 10 and 20 s. Removal of the global mean improved the correlation irrespective of the specific equation for wavelet coherence, and the oxyhemoglobin signal was associated with a marginal correlation advantage. Conclusions: These findings provide both methodological and computational guidance that enhances the validity and interpretability of wavelet coherence analysis for fNIRS signals acquired during live social interactions.
Peeking through the classroom window: a detailed data-driven analysis on the usage of a curriculum integrated math game in authentic classrooms

We present a data-driven analysis that provides generalized insights of how a curriculum integrated educational math game gets used as a routinized classroom activity throughout the year in authentic primary school classrooms. Our study relates observations from a field study on Spatial Temporal Math (ST Math) to our findings mined from ST Math students' sequential game play data. We identified features that vary across game play sessions and modeled their relationship with session performance. We also derived data-informed suggestions that may provide teachers with insights into how to design classroom game play sessions to facilitate more effective learning.
Heterogeneous Cation–Lattice Interaction and Dynamics in Triple-Cation Perovskites Revealed by Infrared Vibrational Nanoscopy

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites exhibit extraordinary photovoltaic performance. This is believed to arise from almost liquid-like low-energy interactions among lattice ions and charge carriers...
Developing a Strategy-Based Conceptual Database Design Framework Integrating the Balanced Scorecard and the Rea

Recently, there is increasing concern that accounting, the language of business, is not expressive enough to match the potential created by the phenomenal growth of technology. While accountants have also taken a leading role in developing frameworks for performance evaluation that encompass financial and non-financial measures, antiquated accounting systems design methods prevent them from fully availing of the opportunities to expand their role supporting firm-wide strategic management and control. The accountant can provide greater support in this area through greater involvement in the design process, particularly through models such as the REA. This paper tries to establish a logical link between the design potential of the REA model and the performance measurement framework provided by the balanced scorecard. This link can provide the basis for an integrated conceptual database design framework that can enable the accountant to assist in the development of meaningful accounting information systems, and could strengthen the role of the accountant as a partner in the development and evaluation of corporate strategy and planning.
An isoform-specific pivot modulates the electron transfer between the flavin mononucleotide and heme centers in inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Intraprotein interdomain electron transfer (IET) between the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and heme centers is an obligatory step in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. An isoform-specific pivotal region near Leu406 in the heme domain of human inducible NOS (iNOS) was proposed to mediate the FMN-heme domain–domain alignment (J Inorg Biochem 153:186–196, 2015). The FMN-heme IET rate is a measure of the interdomain FMN/heme complex formation. In this work, the FMN-heme IET kinetics in the wild type (wt) human iNOS oxygenase/FMN (oxyFMN) construct were directly measured by laser flash photolysis with added synthetic peptide related to the pivotal region, in comparison with the wt construct alone. The IET rates were decreased by the iNOS HKL peptide in a dose-saturable fashion, and the inhibitory effect was abolished by a single L406 → E mutation in the peptide. A similar trend in change of the NO synthesis activity of wt iNOS holoenzyme by the peptides was observed. These data, along with the kinetics and modeling results for the L406T and L406F mutant oxyFMN proteins, indicated that the Leu406 residue modulates the FMN-heme IET through hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the IET rates were analyzed for the wt iNOS oxyFMN protein in the presence of nNOS or eNOS-derived peptide related to the equivalent pivotal heme domain site. These results together indicate that the isoform-specific pivotal region at the heme domain specifically interacts with the conserved FMN domain surface, to facilitate proper interdomain docking for the FMN-heme IET in NOS.
A Compendious Performance Analysis of a Movable Solar Powered Boat for Enhanced Efficient Small-Scale Irrigation System by Using SPWM Controlled Single-Phase Inverter

Irrigation is a very common term in agricultural countries like Bangladesh. For small scale cultivation, farmers mainly use surface water for irrigation by lifting them manually or by portable diesel pump. This typical manual irrigation requires heavy labor and diesel pump requires fuels that are exhaustible and non-friendly to the environment. In this paper, the design and construction of a solar-powered portable-floating boat for small scale irrigation is showed. It will replace the typical systems with a clean, efficient and controlled performance and ensures the proper usage of surface water and make irrigation more comfortable for farmers. A pump controller is used to run a single-phase water pump which ensures maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation to extract maximum energy from solar. 3D model of the system was developed by using Google SketchUp and the pump controller was designed and simulated by using Proteus Design Suite software. The performance and economic feasibility of the proposed system are also evaluated in this paper by comparing it with an equal capacity conventional solar irrigation system.
La educación superior desde arriba y desde abajo: el caso del Hostos Community College en la ciudad de Nueva York

This article traces the establishment and maintenance of Hostos Community College, located in the Borough of the Bronx in New York City, in connection with grassroots claims by Puerto Ricans and other minority groups during the ‘60s and ‘70s. This connection is unusual in the history of institutions of higher education which tend to be top down initiatives. The establishment of Hostos took place in close proximity to the adoption and initiation of a policy of open admissions by the City University of New York (CUNY). Afterwards, the struggle to stop the closing of the college, per a decision taken in 1976, was similar to the struggle to establish the college. The article concludes that initiatives and efforts “from the top” combined with indirect, direct, and mediated pressures from students, faculty, activists, and residents “from below” to get the college established and to preserve it, and it suggests that to be successful social mobilization depends in great part on being channeled through power as opposed to from the margins.
Acetazolamide-Exacerbated Acute Flaccid Paralysis And Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy

Introduction: Acetazolamide is an infrequently prescribed medication in the pediatric setting. Though incredibly rare, serious neurologic side effects can occur after its administration. Description: A 3 year old female with congenital glaucoma, chromosomal microdeletion, and mild developmental delay was in her usual state of health until she developed vomiting and …
The Impact of Robot Companions on the Moral Development of Children

The complexity of the interactions between humans and robots is increasing, and scholars predict that at some future point, robots will become caregivers and companions for children. This occurrence would raise many ethical issues, including what effects prolonged interactions with a robot may have on a child’s well-being. In this chapter, we discuss how robots could in principle be used to nurture the development of virtues in children by encouraging prosocial behavior and discouraging antisocial behavior.
A Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) intervention in the breast cancer population. Methods. This single-arm feasibility study evaluated a 14-week CR intervention program in breast cancer survivors. Feasibility was defined as completion of at least 30/36 sessions of the program without serious adverse events (SAE) in 80% of patients. Secondary endpoints included the change in VO2 max, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, Duke Activity Secondary Index (DASI), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), and QLQ-C30. All outcomes were reported as mean change and compared using paired t-tests. Results. A total of 25 patients were enrolled in the study. 18 patients of the 25 enrolled (72%) completed the 14 weeks program without SAE. The overall adherence to the study protocol was 60%. Of the 18 participants who did not withdraw from the program, 15 (83%) adhered to the study protocol and completed 30 or more sessions. There was a nonsignificant improvement in VO2 max (mean Δ0.5, ). The scores for DASI, BFI, and QLQ-C30 improved from baseline to posttreatment. Conclusion. A CR intervention in breast cancer survivors had high adherence in those who were able to complete the 14-week program. The program significantly improved patient reported physical activity, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL), without significant improvement in CVD risk factors. Implications for cancer patients are that early implementation of a CR program should be considered by practitioners as it improves QoL and exercise tolerance in breast cancer survivors.
Return to Driving After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background:Guidelines for return to driving after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have not been established.Purpose:To review the literature pertaining to driving after ACLR and pr...
The promotion of injury and illness prevention and reporting in the fire service.

BACKGROUND Injury prevention interventions are limited in the fire service due to a lack of widespread implementation and underreporting. This creates a significant challenge to improving occupational health. OBJECTIVE To determine how fire chiefs are promoting reporting and the prevention of physical and mental injuries and illnesses. METHODS We used an open-ended, qualitative instrument to assess the presence of prevention programs and actions to promote injury and illness reporting in the fire service. The instrument contained six content validated items related to the promotion of prevention interventions and reporting. RESULTS A total of 54 fire chiefs (age = 51±8y; females = 4, males = 50, years of experience as fire chief = 7±6y) responded to the instrument. A majority (n = 37/54, 68.5%) of the fire chiefs indicated their department had an established health and wellness program. Most fire chiefs reported using established guidelines, education, and a supportive culture to promote prevention and reporting. The cultural stigma of being a firefighter and fear of repercussions were barriers to the promotion of reporting of illness and injury. Fire chiefs stated that they struggled to find ways to effectively promote reporting and prevention strategies. CONCLUSIONS The success of a fire chief's promotional efforts was greater in instances where multiple factors were addressed.
Early Changes in Patient Access Interval during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 was first reported in the United States in January 2020. Its spread throughout the country required EMS systems to rapidly adapt to patient needs while protecting EMS personnel. EMS agencies developed protocols requiring personnel to don enhanced personal protective equipment prior to patient contact. We hypothesized that the Patient Access Interval (PAI), defined as the time from wheels stopped on scene to initial patient contact, had increased during the COVID pandemic. This had the potential to affect patient outcomes, particularly in time-sensitive emergencies such as cardiac arrest or respiratory distress. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used commercial ambulance data from the four largest cities in Connecticut at two different time points: (Pre-COVID) March-May 2019, and (COVID) March-May 2020. PAI was calculated from contemporaneously reported scene times. Total cases were analyzed, and sub-analyses performed for calls located at extended care facilities (ECFs), for all emergent (Echo/Delta) calls, and for medical cardiac arrest calls. Results: 92,846 total cases were evaluated: 50,083 from 2019, and 42,763 from 2020. Cases that did not include necessary time data for PAI were removed, yielding 75,796 total cases (41,852 from 2019, 33,944 from 2020). The average PAI increased from 1 minute 55 seconds (1 m:55s) Pre-COVID to 2 m:18s COVID. ECF PAI increased from 2 m:39s to 3 m:42s. Echo/Delta PAI increased from 1 m:42s to 2 m:07s. Medical cardiac arrest PAI increased from 1 m:27s to 2 m:04s, and ECF cardiac arrest PAI increased from 2 m:18s to 4 m:35s (all comparisons p < 0.01). Conclusions: There were statistically significant increases in all studied PAIs during COVID. The 23 second increase in PAI for all calls may not have been clinically significant in most cases; however, for life-threatening patient presentations, the increase may have been particularly relevant. The increased PAI was compounded in the ECF environment, possibly due to state-mandated screening and temperature checks of EMS personnel before entering facilities. This was highlighted in the ECF cardiac arrest data, which demonstrated a clinically significant increase in PAI of 2m:17s. While this study was limited by the accuracy of contemporaneous time reports by EMS, the results support our hypothesis that PAI had increased during the COVID pandemic.