cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transported as a rare object of distinction: the gift-giving of Clémence of Hungary, Queen of France

Late medieval royal women frequently journeyed from their homelands across Europe, marrying into other households. They maintained their ties and demonstrated their status by sending and receiving sumptuous objects. This study analyses the gift exchange surrounding Clemence of Hungary, a princess born in Angevin Naples, who married the Capetian king of France, Louis X. Her body was a diplomatic gift to the French court – one that brought the two families together. But the gift-giving that created ties did not end with her marriage. The testament and inventory made at the time of her death in 1328 offer descriptions of many of the gifts, and are considered here along with surviving works of art from the period to visualise the queen's objects. These gifts united Clemence with far-flung relatives separated by advantageous marriages and often sent messages or overtly promoted herself and her natal or marital families.
Psychopharmacological Trials in Cocaine Abuse Treatment

Recent research has produced encouraging preliminary data on general pharmacological treatments for cocaine abuse as well as on pharmacotherapies specific for cocaine abusers with Axis 1 psychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapy trials with antidepressants, lithium, and stimulants in chronic cocaine abusers as well as recent clinical, diagnostic, and pre-clinical studies will be reviewed. Symptom presentation, severity of abuse, and phase of recovery are discussed as potential guides in treatment selection.
Effect of entrained bubbles on the structure of vortex rings

The effect of entrained bubbles on the structure of a vortex ring is studied using particle image velocimetry. Quantitative information on the velocity and vorticity distribution within the vortex core is obtained from multiple images recorded with two 65 frames per second, 35 mm cameras. Bubble trajectories and velocities are also determined from these images. It is demonstrated that for certain combinations of vortex strengths and bubble diameters, a few microscopic bubbles, at very low overall void fraction, shift and macroscopically deform the structure of the vortex. For example, five 512 μm diameter bubbles, entrained by a vortex with core diameter of 2 cm and strength of 160 cm2 s−1, displace the core by 3.5 mm and fragment the core into two regions with peak vorticities that are 20% higher than the original maximum vorticity. The same phenomenon is observed with laminar, transitional and turbulent vortices. Dimensional analysis along with the experimental data show that the distortion is maximum when the bubbles settle, following entrainment by the vortex, in a region located between 20% and 40% of core radius. The governing dimensionless parameters and trends are identified and discussed. The vortex distortions are explained in terms of changes to the liquid momentum caused by the entrainment of the bubbles. It is argued and proven in detail in Appendix A that the change to the liquid momentum due to the presence of the bubble is equal to the bubble volume multiplied by the local stresses that exist in the absence of the bubble. These stresses include the gravity-induced (buoyancy) and hydrodynamic pressure gradients as well as viscous stresses. The buoyancy displaces the core of the vortex upward whereas the force due to hydrodynamic pressure gradients reduces the core size and as a result increases the vorticity. Estimated distortions agree with the experimental data.
On empirical Bayes two-tail tests in a positive exponential family

This paper deals with a two-tail testing problem for the parameter θ in a positive exponential family with probability density f(x|θ)=u(x)η (θ)exp(−x/θ) using the empirical Bayes approach. Based on the accumulated historical data, an empirical Bayes test is constructed by mimicking the behavior of a Bayes test. The empirical Bayes test is shown to be asymptotically optimal. The rates of convergence associated with the regret of is investigated and shown to be either ln3 n/n or n −3/4 ln2 n according to the pertaining conditions, where n is the number of past data available when the current decision problem is considered.
Implication of Fatty Acids and Seed Dormancy in a New Screening Procedure for Cold Tolerance in Rice

The strongly dormant cultivars had the esterase 2 allele and accumulated higher levels of SCSFAs in the mature seeds compared to the nondormant cultivars. Nonanoic acid was the most effective seed dormancy imposer of the four SCSAs tested. For the artificial imposition of dormancy, the seeds of cold-tolerant cultivars needed more nonanoic acid than the cold-susceptible cultivars. Thus, based on germination response to nonanoic acid and the esterase 2 allozyme pattern, a reliable two-tier screening technique has been developed to identify cold-tolerant rice cultivars
Auditory Stream Segregation and the Perception of Across-Frequency Synchrony

This study explored the extent to which sequential auditory grouping affects the perception of temporal synchrony. In Experiment 1, listeners discriminated between 2 pairs of asynchronous “target” tones at different frequencies, A and B, in which the B tone either led or lagged. Thresholds were markedly higher when the target tones were temporally surrounded by “captor tones” at the A frequency than when the captor tones were absent or at a remote frequency. Experiment 2 extended these findings to asynchrony detection, revealing that the perception of synchrony, one of the most potent cues for simultaneous auditory grouping, is not immune to competing effects of sequential grouping. Experiment 3 examined the influence of ear separation on the interactions between sequential and simultaneous grouping cues. The results showed that, although ear separation could facilitate perceptual segregation and impair asynchrony detection, it did not prevent the perceptual integration of simultaneous sounds.
One‐Way Classification ANOVA Model for the Mixture of Two Multivariate Normal Populations

When a sample of size n is available from a mixture of two normal populations with different mean vectors and a common covariance matrix, SRIVASTAVA and AWAN (1982) develop one-way ANOVA analysis for testing a certain composite linear hypothesis. They show that the error and hypothesis sum of products matrices have independent noncentral Wishart densities of rank unity each. However, they do not obtain the necessary Wilks' λ for testing the desired hypothesis. The present paper obtains the density of λ. This density is doubly noncentral multivariate beta density. The derivation is based on generalized Sverdrup's lemmas, KABE (1965), (1974).
Buffering acid precipitates, reducing soil erosion, and reclaiming toxic soil in the advent of global human carrying capacity

Over the next 2–4 generations, possibly leading to global human carrying capacity, natural organic wastes and earthworm biotechnology may be used to increase soil buffering capacity for acid precipitates, amend arable soil to reduce its tendency toward erosion, and reclaim certain portions of land presently desertified due to toxic soil conditions.
Recovery of severe ischemic ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract Ventricular wall motion abnormalities at rest aie believed to be indicative of myocardial scar and fibrous tissue. Although patients may have reversible wall motion abnormalities at rest during periods of ischemia, recent evidence suggests that reversible ventricular dysfunction can persist after a major ischerqic insu1t.Q Braunwald and Rutherford 3 distinguish between stunned and hibernating myocardium and suggest that in either situation, revascularization can reverse exercise-induced ischemic dysfunction. 4,5 However, reversal of prolonged resting ventricular dysfunction is not as clear. We report a patient with severe coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction who had complete reversal of marked left ventricular (LV) dys-function.
Ecology, DNA, and the Future of Microbial Source Tracking

Fecal pollution from human and natural sources enters soil or watercourses, mixes, then reemerges as a nuisance of unknown origin. Before remediation is attempted, the sources and identities of pollution must be identified. Previous microbial source tracking studies have relied on traditional methods of microbiology such as selective media and biochemical characteristics to quantify fecal bacteria in water samples. This is successful when single sources are responsible for pollution. However, when multiple sources are present, numbers must be subdivided into categories of pollution to define relative importance and select appropriate methods of remediation which are very different for examples such as humans and avifauna pollution. Rather than depending on a single method, we recommend a tiered approach which takes advantage of ecological parameters and conventional microbiology to provide context for more precise DNA data and related statistics.
(Salen)Mn(III)-Catalyzed Epoxidation Reaction as a Multichannel Process with Different Spin States. Electronic Tuning of Asymmetric Catalysis: A Theoretical Study

The (salen)Mn(III)-catalyzed epoxidation reaction mechanism has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). There is considerable interest in and controversy over the mechanism of this reaction. The results of experimental studies have offered some support for three different reaction mechanisms: concerted, stepwise radical, and metallooxetane mediated. In this paper, a theoretical examination of the reaction suggests a novel mechanism that describes the reaction as a multichannel process combining both concerted and stepwise radical pathways. The competing channels have different spin states: the singlet, the triplet, and the quintet. The singlet reaction pathway corresponds to a concerted mechanism and leads exclusively to a cis epoxide product. In contrast, the triplet and quintet reactions follow a stepwise mechanism and lead to a product mixture of cis and trans epoxides. We show that the experimentally observed dependence of isomer product ratios on electronic effects connected with t...
Meeting recommendations for multiple healthy lifestyle factors: Prevalence, clustering, and predictors among adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members

Abstract Background Whereas much is known about single lifestyle-related health risk factor prevalence and covariates, more research is needed to elucidate the interactions among multiple healthy lifestyle factors and variables that may predict adherence to these factors. Such data may guide both clinical and health policy decision making and person-centered approaches to population health improvement. Methods We document the prevalence and cluster patterns of multiple healthy lifestyle factors among a random sample of adolescents ( n =616), adults ( n =585), and seniors ( n =685) from a large Midwestern health plan. Modifiable, lifestyle-related health factors assessed included physical activity, nonsmoking, high-quality diet, and healthy weight for all subjects; adults and seniors were also asked about their alcohol consumption. Second, we sought to identify characteristics associated with the likelihood of meeting recommendations for healthy lifestyle factors. The healthy lifestyle factors sum score was categorized into three levels, that is, 0 to 2, 3, or 4 to 5 healthy lifestyle factors (4 for adolescents), and we used ordinal logistic regression to estimate the odds of meeting each of these criteria from several demographic characteristics and disease states. Results Overall, only 14.5% of adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members meet recommended guidelines for four common healthy lifestyle factors. Only 10.8% of adults and 12.8% of seniors met all five behavior-related factors. For adolescents, only being nondepressed was associated with an increased likelihood to be in adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR]=2.15; p p p p p Conclusions A small proportion of health plan members meet multiple recommended healthy lifestyle guidelines at once. This analysis identifies population subgroups of specific interest and importance based on adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors, and predictors for increased likelihood to be in adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors. It presents a potentially useful summary measure based on person-centered measures of healthy lifestyle factors. Clinicians may derive meaningful information from analyses that address adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors. Health systems administrators may use this information to influence health policy and resource allocation decisions. Further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of this comprehensive lifestyle-related health measure as a metric of progress toward public health goals, or as a clinical metric that conveys information on future health status and directs interventions at the individual level.
Safety of Four Entomopathogens for Caged Adult Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Four entomopathogens were tested to determine their safety to caged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera L. The bacterium Bacillus sphaerlcus Neide and the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu and Soper did not affect bee longevity and did not cause disease among treated bees. Both of these microorganisms are considered safe for honey bees. A technical powder and a formulated product of the bacterium Bacillus thurlngiensis var. tenebrionis Krieg, Huger, Langenbruch and Schnetter reduced bee longevity at the higher concentration tested 108 spores/ml sucrose syrup), but did not cause disease. This bacterium will probably not cause undesirable effects on honey bee colonies under field application conditions. The fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) reduced bee longevity at the two highest concentrations tested and caused mycosis among treated bees at all three concentrations tested (approximately 106 – 108 spores per bee). Although the concentrations tested were artificially high, further tests of the safety of this fungus for nontarget invertebrates may be warranted.
An Application of a Theorem of Johnstone and Forrester to Testing for Familial Aggregation

In family studies, genetic epidemiologists are interested in choosing traits, or combinations of traits, of high degree of familial aggregation to use in the linkage analysis. Principal components analysis of heritability similar to canonical correlation analysis, estimates the linear combination with the largest heritability. However, the first and foremost task is to test if there is any trait, or combination of traits, of familial aggregation. To this aim, a type of permutation test is proposed. Since the permutation test is time-consuming, a theorem of Johnstone and Forrester (2004) can be used to obtain the approximate p-value.
Transmission measurement of tapered single-line defect photonic crystal waveguides

Two-dimensional tapered single-line defect photonic crystal (PC) waveguides were fabricated with coupled ridge waveguides in InP-InGaAsP and optical transmission characteristics measured. Three different taper designs that optimized both mode size match and impedance match between the accessing ridge waveguides and the PC waveguides were fabricated and characterized. An /spl sim/8-dB improvement of coupling efficiency was observed for the tapered structures over untapered.
From motes to Java stamps: smart sensor network testbeds

We have proposed smart sensor networks (S-Nets) as an architecture and set of distributed algorithms to extract, interpret and exploit networked sensor devices. Heretofore, the development of this approach has been done in simulation. In this paper, we describe two complementary implementations of S-Nets: (1) on a set of Berkeley motes comprised of low-power 8-bit, 128 Kb memory processors, communication devices and sensors, and (2) on a set of JStamps having 32-bit controllers, 2 Mb of memory and native execution Java hardware.
NI-42ALTERED STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY IN WIDELY DISTRIBUTED BILATERAL HEMISPHERIC NETWORKS OF PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastomas (GBMs) typically involve the cerebral white matter and infiltrate well beyond the enhancing bulky tumor seen on MRI; thus, they can disrupt white matter fiber tracts. In this study, we evaluated how unilateral GBMs affect the structural organization of hemispheric networks. METHODS: Ten patients with newly-diagnosed unilateral GBM (age: 61 ± 11 years, 6 males, 4 left-sided, tumor size: 34.1 ± 22.7cm3) and 10 healthy controls (age: 67 ± 8 years, 5 males) underwent 3T diffusion-weighted MRI. Whole brain tractography was performed using a recently developed approach (independent component analysis with ball-and-stick model; Jeong et al., Magn Reson Med, 2013;70:441-53). In each subject, a total of 116 cortical regions of interest were generated by fitting a deformable template resulting in a 116x116 connectivity matrix where the elements quantify the pair-wise connectivity scores (i.e., fiber numbers connecting any two cortical regions which were normalized to the corresponding tract lengths). From this matrix we calculated three network properties in both hemispheres: global efficiency (characterizing structural integration), local efficiency (characterizing structural segregation), and clustering coefficient (characterizing structural complexity). RESULTS: GBM patients showed significantly reduced global efficiency, local efficiency, and clustering coefficients in both affected and contralateral hemispheres, as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001 in all comparisons). Larger tumor size was associated with more severely reduced global efficiency (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004 in affected and contralateral hemisphere, respectively), local efficiency (p = 0.02 and p = 0.003) and clustering coefficient (p = 0.04 and p = 0.006). Signs of intrahemispheric network reorganization were also observed in the affected hemisphere of individual patients. CONCLUSIONS: The structural organization is less efficient and less complex in both cerebral hemispheres of patients with unilateral GBM, although regional reorganization may occur on the affected side. Larger tumors are associated with more severe hemispheric network abnormalities. These alterations in widely-distributed neuronal networks may underlie some of the neurocognitive co-morbidities in these patients.
Effect of Macromolecular Crowding on Protein Folding Dynamics at the Secondary Structure Level

Macromolecular crowding is one of the key characteristics of the cellular environment and is therefore intimately coupled to the process of protein folding in vivo. While previous studies have provided invaluable insight into the effect of crowding on the stability and folding rate of protein tertiary structures, very little is known about how crowding affects protein folding dynamics at the secondary structure level. In this study, we examined the thermal stability and folding-unfolding kinetics of three small folding motifs (i.e., a 34-residue alpha-helix, a 34-residue cross-linked helix-turn-helix, and a 16-residue beta-hairpin) in the presence of two commonly used crowding agents, Dextran 70 (200 g/L) and Ficoll 70 (200 g/L). We found that these polymers do not induce any appreciable changes in the folding kinetics of the two helical peptides, which is somewhat surprising as the helix-coil transition kinetics have been shown to depend on viscosity. Also to our surprise and in contrast to what has been observed for larger proteins, we found that crowding leads to an appreciable decrease in the folding rate of the shortest beta-hairpin peptide, indicating that besides the excluded volume effect, other factors also need to be considered when evaluating the net effect of crowding on protein folding kinetics. A model considering both the static and the dynamic effects arising from the presence of the crowding agent is proposed to rationalize these results.
Mechanical degradation of microelectronics solder joints under current stressing

Abstract Understanding the mechanical degradation of microelectronic solder joints under high electric current stressing is an important step to develop a damage mechanics model in order to predict the reliability of a solder joint under such loading. In this paper, the experiment results for flip chip solder joints under high current stressing are reported. Nano-indentation tests suggest that mechanical property, e.g. Young’s modulus, degrades in the localized area where void nucleates during current stressing. The experiments also show that thermomigration due to the thermal gradient within solder joint caused by joule heating is significant during current stressing. A three-dimensional coupled thermal electrical finite element analysis shows the existence of a significant thermal gradient in solder joint during current stressing.
Accelerating search and recognition workloads with SSE 4.2 string and text processing instructions

Today's information is increasing rapidly, doubling every three years. Consequently, the search and recognition stages in computer applications will consume a growing portion of the total CPU time. The SSE 4.2 instruction set, first implemented in Intel's Core i7, provides string and text processing instructions (STTNI) that utilize SIMD operations for processing character data. Though originally conceived for accelerating string, text, and XML processing, the powerful new capabilities of these instructions are useful outside of these domains, and it is worth revisiting the search and recognition stages of numerous applications to utilize STTNI to improve performance. In this paper, we explored the feasibility and potential benefit of using STTNI to improve the CPU and memory performance of search-and-recognition applications. We optimized four benchmark applications — cache simulation, B+tree search algorithm, template matching, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) — with STTNI, and the new applications outperform their respective original implementations by a factor of 1.4× to 13×.
A phylogenetic delimitation of the “Sphagnum subsecundum complex” (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta)

A seemingly obvious but sometimes overlooked premise of any evolutionary analysis is delineating the group of taxa under study. This is especially problematic in some bryophyte groups because of morphological simplicity and convergence. This research applies information from nucleotide sequences for eight plastid and nuclear loci to delineate a group of northern hemisphere peat moss species, the so-called Sphagnum subsecundum complex, which includes species known to be gametophytically haploid or diploid (i.e., sporophytically diploid-tetraploid). Despite the fact that S. subsecundum and several species in the complex have been attributed disjunct ranges that include all major continents, phylogenetic analyses suggest that the group is actually restricted to Europe and eastern North America. Plants from western North America, from California to Alaska, which are morphologically similar to species of the S. subsecundum complex in eastern N. America and Europe, actually belong to a different deep clade within Sphagnum section Subsecunda . One species often considered part of the S. subsecundum complex, S. contortum , likely has a reticulate history involving species in the two deepest clades within section Subsecunda . Nucleotide sequences have a strong geographic structure across the section Subsecunda , but shallow tip clades suggest repeated long-distance dispersal in the section as well.
Comparative Trapping Efficiency to Characterize Bee Abundance, Diversity, and Community Composition in Apple Orchards

Bees are important pollinators of numerous crops, and monitoring their abundance and diversity in commercial agricultural ecosystems is of increasing importance due to pollinator declines. In season-long field studies conducted in Pennsylvania during 2011–2013, we evaluated five different bee monitoring passive traps—three pan traps (blue, yellow, and white) and two vane traps (blue and yellow)—for their effectiveness and utility for monitoring bees in commercial apple orchards. Traps were placed prebloom and were monitored weekly until the end of crop season (mid-October). We recorded 14,770 bees comprising 118 species, 27 genera, and five families. The most abundant species were Augochlora pura (Say) (34.4% of total), Ceratina calcarata Robertson (15.5%), Bombus vagans Smith (7.8%), Bombus impatiens Cresson (6.4%), and Apis mellifera L. (4.3%). Bee abundance was highly variable among trap types across the three years and during the bloom and postbloom period. Blue vane traps were found to be the most effective trap type, with significantly higher rates of per-sample species accumulation than all other traps. Species richness estimates were highest for the blue vane and blue pan traps. This study reveals the utility and effectiveness of various traps for studying abundance and diversity of pollinator bees in commercially managed apple orchards. It also provides baseline information about the bee community found during the bloom and postbloom periods in Pennsylvania apple orchards that can be used to measure changes in bee community structure and abundance due to conservation efforts, such as reduced risk IPM programs, habitat management, and augmentation.
Mechanical frequency and amplitude modulation of a quantum cascade laser integrated with a plasmonic nanoantenna.

Surface plasmons (SPs) can be generated at the interface between two materials having opposite signs of dielectric susceptibility. [ 1 ] This principle has recently been exploited in many applications, ranging from enhanced optical transmission (EOT), [ 2 ] which can be used for enhanced photodetection, [ 3 ] biosensing, [ 4 ] optical trapping of small particles [ 5 ] and bacteria, [ 6 ] and even detection of the optical gradient force. [ 7 ]
Potential Organ- or Tumor-Imaging Agents XIX: Radioiodinated Antiarrhythmic Drugs as Potential Myocardial Imaging Agents

Iodinated and radioiodinated analogs of propranolol and N,N-dimethylpropranolol were synthesized wherein an iodophenyl moiety replaced the naphthalene ring of the parent drug. These new compounds were evaluated not only for their β-adrenergic blocking and antiarrhythmic activities but also for their ability to accumulate selectively in myocardial tissue. Like propranolol, the iodinated analogs displayed comparable β-blocking and antiarrhythmic activity, and the order of potency was ortho- > meta- > para-iodophenyl. Quaternization of propranolol and the iodinated analogs eliminated the β-adrenergic blocking activity but retained the antiarrhythmic property of the secondary amine precursors. Among the quaternary salts, the antiarrhythmic potency was meta- > ortho- > para-iodophenyl. Tissue distribution of the radioiodinated derivatives revealed that only the quaternary derivatives were selectively accumulated in myocardial tissue. These results demonstrate that an iodophenyl ring can substitute for the naphthalene ring in propranolol and its quaternary salt without significant alteration of pharmacological properties. The radioiodinated quaternary derivatives may be useful pharmacological tools in experiments aimed at relating antiarrhythmic activity to myocardial uptake.
Process and Creation

From the different perspectives that have been brought to bear on the study of the creative personality over the past century on the effects of cultural and political conditions, family structure, early development, and so on,2 it is clear that a complex of events must converge at successive stages in the life of an individual to nurture creative ability. In addition to this complex of external conditions, a set of innate dispositions is probably no less essential. The balance of these factors determines not only whether an individual is creative but the scope, the drive, the intensity, the confidence to follow through and the discipline that a productive creativity demands.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PANIC DISORDER

Panic attacks and panic disorder often first present in the emergency room or to the family practitioner. The presentation and differential diagnosis of this disabling disorder are described in this review, together with the etiology and health effects of the syndrome. Both medication and psychological treatments are described, as are the indications, side effects, and expected outcome for each therapy alone and in combination.
Discovering NF-κB

David Baltimore recalls the experiments that led to the discovery of the NF-κB transcription factor more than 20 years ago.
L2 perception of Spanish palatal variants across different tasks

While considerable dialectal variation exists, almost all varieties of Spanish exhibit some sort of alternation in terms of the palatal obstruent segments. Typically, the palatal affricate [??] tends to occur in word onset following a pause and in specific linear phonotactic environments. The palatal fricative [?] tends to occur in syllable onset in other contexts. We show that listeners' perceptual sensitivity to the palatal alternation depends upon the task and exposure to Spanish input. For native Spanish listeners, the palatal alternation boosts segmentation accuracy on an artificial speech segmentation task and also reduces latencies on a phonotactically-conditioned elision task. L2 Spanish listeners, on the other hand, only benefit from the palatal alternation in the second task. These results suggest that while Spanish L2 learners benefit from the presence of the alternation in linear phonotactic terms, this benefit does not carry over to a more abstract segmentation task.
Development of a novel antibody to calcitonin gene-related peptide for the treatment of osteoarthritis-related pain.

Summary Objective Investigate a role for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain. Design Neutralizing antibodies to CGRP were generated de novo . One of these antibodies, LY2951742, was characterized in vitro and tested in pre-clinical in vivo models of OA pain. Results LY2951742 exhibited high affinity to both human and rat CGRP (K D of 31 and 246 pM, respectively). The antibody neutralized CGRP-mediated induction of cAMP in SK-N-MC cells in vitro and capsaicin-induced dermal blood flow in the rat. Neutralization of CGRP significantly reduced pain behavior as measured by weight bearing differential in the rat monoiodoacetate model of OA pain in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pain reduction with neutralization of CGRP occurred independently of prostaglandins, since LY2951742 and NSAIDs worked additively in the NSAID-responsive version of the model and CGRP neutralization remained effective in the NSAID non-responsive version of the model. Neutralization of CGRP also provided dose-dependent and prolonged (>60 days) pain reduction in the rat meniscal tear model of OA after only a single injection of LY2951742. Conclusions LY2951742 is a high affinity, neutralizing antibody to CGRP. Neutralization of CGRP is efficacious in several OA pain models and works independently of NSAID mechanisms of action. LY2951742 holds promise for the treatment of pain in OA patients.
Rab6 Regulates Both ZW10/RINT-1– and Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex-dependent Golgi Trafficking and Homeostasis

We used multiple approaches to investigate the role of Rab6 relative to Zeste White 10 (ZW10), a mitotic checkpoint protein implicated in Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trafficking/transport, and conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a putative tether in retrograde, intra-Golgi trafficking. ZW10 depletion resulted in a central, disconnected cluster of Golgi elements and inhibition of ERGIC53 and Golgi enzyme recycling to ER. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against RINT-1, a protein linker between ZW10 and the ER soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor, syntaxin 18, produced similar Golgi disruption. COG3 depletion fragmented the Golgi and produced vesicles; vesicle formation was unaffected by codepletion of ZW10 along with COG, suggesting ZW10 and COG act separately. Rab6 depletion did not significantly affect Golgi ribbon organization. Epistatic depletion of Rab6 inhibited the Golgi-disruptive effects of ZW10/RINT-1 siRNA or COG inactivation by siRNA or antibodies. Dominant-negative expression of guanosine diphosphate-Rab6 suppressed ZW10 knockdown induced-Golgi disruption. No cross-talk was observed between Rab6 and endosomal Rab5, and Rab6 depletion failed to suppress p115 (anterograde tether) knockdown-induced Golgi disruption. Dominant-negative expression of a C-terminal fragment of Bicaudal D, a linker between Rab6 and dynactin/dynein, suppressed ZW10, but not COG, knockdown-induced Golgi disruption. We conclude that Rab6 regulates distinct Golgi trafficking pathways involving two separate protein complexes: ZW10/RINT-1 and COG.
Activity-based proteomic and metabolomic approaches for understanding metabolism

There are an increasing number of human pathologies that have been associated with altered metabolism, including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Most attention on metabolism has been focused on well-understood metabolic pathways and has largely ignored most of the biochemical pathways that operate in (patho)physiological settings, in part because of the vast landscape of uncharacterized and undiscovered metabolic pathways. One technology that has arisen to meet this challenge is activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) that uses activity-based chemical probes to broadly assess the functional states of both characterized and uncharacterized enzymes. This review will focus on how ABPP, coupled with inhibitor discovery platforms and functional metabolomic technologies, have led to discoveries that have expanded our knowledge of metabolism in health and disease.
The Effect of Brief, Passive Psychoeducation on Knowledge and Ratings of Intimate Partner Violence in the United States and Argentina

This study explored the benefits of brief, passive psychoeducation about intimate partner violence (IPV) in two diverse samples. Participants were 100 college students from the United States and Argentina. The experimental group received brief psychoeducation about IPV, whereas control subjects did not. Results indicated that participants receiving brief, passive psychoeducation did significantly better on a subsequent IPV knowledge quiz and were significantly more likely to label IPV scenarios as abusive than participants in the control group. Mean differences were largest for the more subtle forms of IPV (e.g., social and economic abuse). In contrast, mean differences were negligible for physical and sexual abuse, in part because nearly all participants saw these acts as abusive regardless of condition. There were no significant differences in knowledge improvement as a function of cultural group. Prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
Hazard and Probability: Two 'Risks,' Information Supply and Demand, and the Consequences for Chemical Regulation

It is widely recognized that quantified risk has become the dominant basis for the regulation of chemical substances in order to protect human health and the environment. It is less well understood that risk has two distinct meanings in environmental regulation, and that they serve two distinct functions, which correspond to the general need of all regulatory systems to identify the universe of problems which require correction - the trigger for regulatory action - and to specify the actions or conditions - the standard which constitutes correction of the problem. In chemical regulation, risk both defines the environmental problem to be addressed and disciplines the regulatory response. One of the chief consequences of the use of risk for the latter purposes is the creation of a demand for large amounts of scientific information about chemicals, which cannot be satisfied by existing regulatory systems. The resulting data gap is a well documented phenomenon in chemical regulation. Most regulatory systems for chemicals seek to fill the data gap by supplying more information. Even with improvements, a filling strategy has serious inherent limitations in its ability to generate sufficient data, however. A better strategy is to bridge the data gap by reducing the demand for data. A bridging strategy harnesses the power of information by reducing demand and making the required information count. Instead of drowning in a sea of uncertain and conflicting data, regulatory systems can apply manageable amounts of actually obtainable data to protect human health and the environment from toxic chemicals.
Social Reconstruction of Sexual Convicts: A Therapeutic Proposal for the Establishment of a Sexual Crimes Court in Puerto Rico (Reconstrucción Social Del Convicto Por Delitos Sexuales: Una Propuesta Terapéutica Para Establecer en Puerto Rico Una Corte De Delitos Sexuales)

The evolution of legislation on sexual crimes shows that only two approaches have been used to address this issue: the medical and criminal approach. These approaches, however, have proven to be ineffective when used independently or jointly to resolve the problem of sex offenses. The failure of these approaches is not a coincidence. It is the direct effect of the social construction of sex offenders. Today, society promulgates the myth that once a sex offender always a sex offender, which means that these individuals are innately incapable of changing their behavior. This construct generates feelings of rejection, fear and discrimination toward sex offenders. These social feelings are incorporated into the law, precluding the government from dealing with the problem itself. However, as history demonstrates the social construction of sex offenders is a mutable concept. Thus, this paper argues that the best approach to address the issue of sex offenses is to engage in a therapeutic approach that departs from the understanding that is necessary to reconstruct the social perceptions of sex offenders. To do so, this article proposes the creation of a Sexual Offenses Court that takes as its starting point the sex offenders rather that the victims and that utilizes a negotiation approach that will help the victim cope with the events and will prevent offenders from relapsing.
THE RELATIONS OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE USE TO COLON AND RECTAL CANCER

The authors prospectively studied the incidence of cancers of the colon and rectum in 106,203 men and women, both white and black, who supplied data at northern California Kaiser Permanente facilities about use of alcoholic beverages in 1978-1984. Analysis controlling for age, sex, race, body mass index, coffee use, total serum cholesterol, and education showed a positive association of alcohol use to both types of cancer, which was stronger for rectal cancer (trend test, p = 0.03) than for colon cancer (trend test, p = 0.11). When persons with a daily intake of three or more drinks were compared with abstainers, relative risk for rectal cancer was 3.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-9.57) and relative risk for colon cancer was 1.71 (95% CI: 0.92-3.19). Women with a daily intake of three or more drinks had a relative risk for colon cancer of 2.56 (95% CI: 1.03-6.40) compared with 1.16 (95% CI: 0.46-2.90) for men. Among drinkers, preference for wine, beer, or hard liquor had no significant independent relation to either type of cancer; those who preferred beer were at slightly greater risk of rectal cancer, but those who preferred wine were more likely to develop colon cancer. These data suggest that total alcohol use, but no one specific beverage type, is associated with increased risk of rectal cancer.
Modeling radiative heat exchange for a supersonic flow

A computational tool to simulate thermal radi ati on from surfaces is developed. The output is verified agai nst cases for which anal ytical solutions are available. The tool can be used as a stand-al one program, or as an interacti ve module for CFD. In such an applicati on the module woul d aug ment other heat transfer boundary condi tions. The tool is demonstrated by post-processing surface temperature field data from a supersonic CFD calculati on. The result is a net thermal radi ati on surface data fiel d – the bl ack body radiati ve effl uxes as functions of temperature, less the integrated influxes multi plied by their geometric view factors from other surface cells. An algorithm to compute blocking, or “shadowi ng” of surfaces is presented and demonstrated on a simple geometry. Finally, progress toward vali dation using a geometricall y complex case from the literature is described.
High Temperature Rectifying Contacts on Semiconducting Diamond Using Doped Silicon

High temperature rectifying contacts have been fabricated on naturally occurring lib semiconducting diamond crystals using highly doped Si. Polycrystalline Si deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and amorphous Si deposited by sputtering were investigated. Following LPCVD deposition, the polycrystalline Si filn was doped with P by solid state diffusion at a temperature of 900°C using a POCI 3 source. Boron doped and As doped Si films were deposited by sputtering from highly doped Si targets. Current-voltage measurements were performed on the fabricated P doped, B doped and As doped Si contacts from room temperature up to ∼400∼C. In all cases, the contacts yielded excellent rectification in the temperature range investigated. Current conduction in doped Si/diamond systems appears to be space charge limited. The position and concentration of deep levels in a natural lib diamond crystal have been determined from an analysis of space charge limited current-voltage (I-V) characteristics.
Ultrasonic-assisted Preparation and Stability Evaluation of Lycopene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

Recently,β-cyclodextrin inclusion has become a popular strategy to improve the stability of lycopene.In this study,lycopene was prepared into lycopene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by means of ultrasonic treatment.The preparation process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal array design experiments,in which the effects of ultrasonic power,ultrasonic treatment time and the molar ratio of lycopene toβ-cyclodextrin on inclusion rate were explored,and the lycopene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prepared were subjected to stability evaluation.The optimalinclusion conditions determined were as follows:ultrasonic power,250 W;ultrasonic treatment time,25 min;and the molar ratio of lycopene toβ-cyclodextrin,1:150.A maximum inclusion rate of 73.6%was achieved under these conditions.The included lycopene exhibited a retention rate of 92.2%in 60 d.This study suggests that the preparation of lycopene/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes under the assistance of ultrasonic seems to be a promising method for improving the stability of lycopene.
Cluster Concept in Enhancing the Marketing Capability of Light Engineering Industry of Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

Though the Light Engineering industry occupies an important space within the Bangladeshi industrial domain, very few attempts of scholarly work to understand and improve the capabilities of this sub-sector has been undertaken in the past. Most of these problems of the sector can be grouped into two fronts: technological deficiencies and marketing inefficiencies. The technological deficiencies are outside the purview of this research, while the marketing challenges are at the center of the research. The objective of this research is to compare perception of different groups of light engineering small enterprises to enhancement of marketing capability through cluster concept. As per the methodology, the first stage of this research comprised of an exploratory research component. The second stage of this research was a conclusive research, where the insights gained from exploratory research were verified. Sampling technique was quota sampling under non-probability sampling. Sample size was 60 representing all the groups. ANOVA test was used to compare perception of different groups of light engineering small businesses. After analysis of variance and F test of all the questions for groups from three dimensions, it was found that perception to enhancement of marketing capability through cluster concept of groups from two dimensions (assets value and number of employee) is positive and variation is also insignificant, i.e., most of the hypotheses are null. Overall perception of groups from another dimension (type of activity) is also positive but variation is significant, i.e., two third hypotheses are null and one third hypotheses are alternative.
Interpretation of statistics in clinical laboratory studies.

1. Lisa W Kay, PhD[⇑][1] 1. is an Assistant Professor, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond KY 2. Mark A Gebert, PhD 1. is an Assistant Professor, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond KY 1. Address for correspondence: Lisa W Kay PhD, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 313 Wallace Building, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond KY 40475. (859) 622-1621, (859) 622-3051 (fax). Lisa. Kay{at}eku.edu Throughout the course of a research study that involves data, there are many opportunities for making errors. Poor survey construction, data collection methods that introduce bias, misuse of statistical analysis procedures, and misinterpretation of results can all lead to drawing incorrect conclusions. Researchers who are producing reports need to be able to collect and interpret data accurately, and clinical practitioners who are reading reports need to be able to assess the statistical content of such reports. While the technology of today makes it relatively easy to produce numerical summaries of data sets, the interpretation of the output still requires some careful thought. Correct interpretation of inferential procedures will be the focus of this article, and common misinterpretations will be described. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS One of the most commonly used inferential tools is the confidence interval. A confidence interval is used to estimate a parameter of interest and is of the form: estimate ± margin of error. An example of a fairly standard interpretation of a confidence interval might be the following: “We are 95% confident that the true mean age is between 25 and 35 years old.” Here 95% tells us how confident we are in the process of constructing the confidence interval. If we were to randomly select samples of a particular size over and over again and construct a confidence interval for each one in this same manner, in the long run approximately 95% of the intervals would contain the true value that we are trying to estimate. [1]: #corresp-1
A Compressed Sensing Framework for Monte Carlo Transport Simulations Using Random Disjoint Tallies

ABSTRACTIn this work, we present a methodology for using compressed sensing ideas to reduce the memory footprint of a Monte Carlo simulation where the scalar flux over the entire problem is desired. We first introduce the idea of disjoint tallies, i.e., Monte Carlo particle tallies that are not contiguous in space. Then we give a prescription for choosing these tallies randomly and performing a local reconstruction using a small number of these tallies based on minimizing the total variation (TV) norm of the reconstruction. Results for a TRIGA reactor simulation indicate that our method can give accurate flux maps for thermal and fast fluxes using about 10% the total number of tallies. Additionally, we present evidence that our procedure improves the solution when statistical noise is present. We believe that our work could provide capability necessary for data reduction and solution analysis for exascale computing due to the local nature of our reconstruction.