cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ATP-dependent remodeling of the spliceosome: Intragenic suppressors of release-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prp22

The essential splicing factor Prp22 is a DEAH-box helicase that catalyzes the release of mRNA from the spliceosome. ATP hydrolysis by Prp22 is necessary but not sufficient for spliceosome disassembly. Previous work showed that mutations in motif III (635SAT637) of Prp22 that uncouple ATP hydrolysis from spliceosome disassembly lead to severe cold-sensitive (cs) growth defects and to impaired RNA unwinding activity in vitro. The cs phenotype of S635A (635AAT) can be suppressed by intragenic mutations that restore RNA unwinding. We now report the isolation and characterization of new intragenic mutations that suppress the cold-sensitive growth phenotypes of the T637A motif III mutation (SAA), the H606A mutation in the DEAH-box (DEAA), and the R805A mutation in motif VI (804QAKGRAGR811). Whereas the T637A and H606A proteins are deficient in releasing mRNA from the spliceosome at nonpermissive temperature in vitro, the suppressor proteins have recovered mRNA release activity. To address the mechanisms of suppression, we tested ATPase and helicase activities of Prp22 suppressor mutant proteins and found that the ability to unwind a 25-bp RNA duplex was not restored in every case. This finding suggests that release of mRNA from the spliceosome is less demanding than unwinding of a 25-bp duplex RNA; the latter reaction presumably reflects the result of several successive cycles of ATP binding, hydrolysis, and unwinding. Increasing the reaction temperature allows H606A and T637A to effect mRNA release in vitro, but does not restore RNA unwinding by T637A.
Domain Adaptation with Structural Correspondence Learning

Discriminative learning methods are widely used in natural language processing. These methods work best when their training and test data are drawn from the same distribution. For many NLP tasks, however, we are confronted with new domains in which labeled data is scarce or non-existent. In such cases, we seek to adapt existing models from a resource-rich source domain to a resource-poor target domain. We introduce structural correspondence learning to automatically induce correspondences among features from different domains. We test our technique on part of speech tagging and show performance gains for varying amounts of source and target training data, as well as improvements in target domain parsing accuracy using our improved tagger.
Private social network analysis: how to assemble pieces of a graph privately

Connections in distributed systems, such as social networks, online communities or peer-to-peer networks, form complex graphs. These graphs are of interest to scientists in fields as varied as marketing, epidemiology and psychology. However, knowledge of the graph is typically distributed among a large number of subjects, each of whom knows only a small piece of the graph. Efforts to assemble these pieces often fail because of privacy concerns: subjects refuse to share their local knowledge of the graph. To assuage these privacy concerns, we propose reconstructing the whole graph privately, i.e., in a way that hides the correspondence between the nodes and edges in the graph and the real-life entities and relationships that they represent. We first model the privacy threats posed by the private reconstruction of a distributed graph. Our model takes into account the possibility that malicious nodes may report incorrect information about the graph in order to facilitate later attempts to de-anonymize the reconstructed graph. We then propose protocols to privately assemble the pieces of a graph in ways that mitigate these threats. These protocols severely restrict the ability of adversaries to compromise the privacy of honest subjects.
GIS-BIM Based Virtual Facility Energy Assessment (VFEA) - Framework Development and Use Case of California State University, Fresno

Assembly Bill 758 (AB758) of California Energy Commission (CEC) incentivizes radical improvement of energy performance in existing buildings. Execution of AB758 relies heavily on building performance data and energy assessment. Traditionally, building performance data are not available for public consumption, while energy assessment is complex and time-consuming to conduct. Thus, a Virtual Facility Energy Assessment (VFEA) strategic planning tool is proposed built upon the robust integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) with a cloud infrastructure. For owners with large portfolios of facilities, such as the California State University (CSU) system, VFEA can leverage location-based building information, dynamic simulation capacity of BIM and wireless sensor network (WSN) for real-time building energy performance detection, visualization, analysis and optimization across campuses. It provides stakeholders a dynamic and holistic virtual assessment for energy performance of buildings that are geographically dispersed. VFEA offers conceptual yet informative suggestions in the decision-making process directed to meet the AB758 requirements. This paper conducted the feasibility analysis, established the system framework of VFEA, and discussed the use case of CSU, Fresno campus for VFEA implementation.
Status and performance of the IUCF 270 keV electron cooling system

The IUCF (Indiana University Cyclotron Facility) 270-keV electron cooling system has demonstrated collection efficiencies of 100% (+0/-2 p.p.m.) operating with a 2-A electron beam (0.4 A/cm/sup 2/). In addition, a very complete set of longitudinal drag rate measurements have been completed. These measurements span rest frame electron-proton velocity differences of over three orders of magnitude and include the region where the average longitudinal electron-proton velocity difference is less than the electron beam longitudinal velocity spread (a region which has not previously been measured). No obvious Schottky signal suppression (evidence of beam crystallization) has been observed for low-intensity cooled proton beams, though many interesting collective phenomena have been observed for high-intensity cooled proton beams. >
Reaction of sperm with egg‐derived hydrogen peroxide helps prevent polyspermy during fertilization in the sea urchin

Recent evidence suggests roles for egg derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ovoperoxidase (secreted by cortical granules) in both fertilization envelope hardening and the block to polyspermy in sea urchins. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs were found to release H2O2 during the cortical reaction at fertilization. Treatment of sperm with equivalent concentrations of H2O2 resulted in a rapid loss of sperm fertilizing ability. Attempts were made to induce polyspermy by utilizing ovoperoxidase inhibitors at concentrations known to inhibit fertilization envelope hardening. Eggs fertilized in phenylhydrazine became polyspermic, while 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-treated eggs did not. These data suggested that a sperm peroxidase might be involved in preventing polyspermy. This hypothesis was tested by the addition of phenylhydrazine or 3-amino-1,2,4-trizaole to H2O2-treated sperm. Phenylhydrazine acted to protect sperm fertility from H2O2, while 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole increased the adverse effect of H2O2. Simultaneous addition of both inhibitors to sperm incubated in H2O2 gave an intermediate value of sperm fertility. These data indicate that (1) H2O2 generated by sea urchin eggs during the cortical reaction at fertilization is used for two separate processes, fertilization envelope hardening and the prevention of polyspermy; (2) ovoperoxidase is probably not involved in preventing polyspermy; and (3) egg-derived H2O2 reacts directly with sperm enzymes to prevent polyspermy. The phenylhydrazine-sensitive enzyme in the sperm is probably a peroxidase that acts to inactivate sperm, while the 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolesensitive enzyme is probably a catalase which protects sperm from H2O2. This hypothesis is consistent with model experiments on horseradish peroxidase and bovine liver catalase.
Minimally Invasive Osteotomy Techniques

Unlike adolescent scoliosis, adult spinal deformities are frequently associated with a rigid spine. The last decade has witnessed major advances in the understanding of how to treat these problems, and one of the major developments has been an increasing understanding of the need for various osteotomies to mobilize the spine prior to correction of the deformity. Destabilizing osteotomies, which remove bone in the anterior or posterior spinal columns, allow the spine to become mobile in the sagittal and/or coronal planes. This destabilization prior to reconstruction is particularly important in the setting of osteoporosis where spinal fixation can be poor and screw pullout is a major concern.
Games with children.

A child whispers into the ear of another child who tells the next who whispers to another who transmits to the fourth and so on until the chain of whispers ends with the last child who loudly announces the message received. Peals of laughter and delight occur when the anticipated distortion of fact happens! Of course, if the chain is short, a very careful player can transmit a message intact. But, make the chain long enough or the message sufficiently complicated and even the most fastidious child will have difficulty preventing a message from becoming distorted in its passage. Fooling around with facts is fun as long as everyone knows a game is being played.
Two Relativistic Interpretations

Aphysical theory is comprised of two components: a mathematical formalism (a set of equations and a set of calculational rules for making predictions that can be compared with experiment) and a physical interpretation (what the theory tells us about the underlying structure of phenomena, that is to say, an ontology).1 Thus, a single formalism with two different interpretations counts as two theories. Einstein’s original formulation of his Special Theory was mathematically algebraic in nature and metaphysically a space and time theory. By this latter characterization, I mean that Einstein presupposed an ontology of spatial objects which endure through time, howbeit that no single, universal time exists. But in 1908 the German mathematician Hermann Minkowski proposed a formulation of SR which was strikingly different mathematically and metaphysically. Minkowski proposed that space and time be united in a four-dimensional mathematical space, three of whose dimensions represent physical space and the fourth time.2 In this manifold, relativity theory and the Lorentz transformations can be exhibited with great clarity. Events in spacetime are specified by giving their four coordinates, and although the temporal and spatial distances between two specified events will differ from one coordinate system to another (relativity of simultaneity and length), nevertheless the composite spacetime interval between events is absolute. Letting cis represent the spacetime interval, and dt represent the temporal distance, and dx, dy, dz the spatial distance between the events, Minkowski spacetime has a metric of the form ds 2 = dx 2 + dy 2 + dz 2 − dt 2,or alternatively expressed, ds 2 = dt 2 − dx 2 − dy 2 − dz 2.The notion of spacetime interval between two events can be understood as an extension of spatial interval. In two dimensions x and y, we can calculate the spatial interval between two points by means of the Pythagorean Theorem (Figure 5.1).
The advanced networks and services underpinning modern, large-scale science: DOE's ESnet

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the motivation, architecture, and services of a new network system. Modern large-scale science requires networking that is global in extent, highly reliable and versatile, and that provides high bandwidth and supports sustained high volume traffic. These requirements resulted in a new approach and architecture for US Department of Energy's Office of Science (DOE's) Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), which is the network that serves all of the major DOE facilities. This new architecture includes elements supporting multiple, high-speed national backbones with different characteristics, redundancy, the quality of service and circuit oriented services, and the interoperation of all of these with the other major national and international networks supporting science. ESnet is driven by the requirements of the science Program Offices in DOE's Office of Science. Several workshops have examined these requirements as they relate to networking and middleware. In the first Office of Science workshop (August, 2002), the goal was to examine the network needs of major Office of Science (OSC) science programs.
Function of CD48 and its regulation by Epstein-Barr virus

12. Calabi, C., Yu, C. Y., Bisland, C. A. G. and Milstein, C. (1991) in Immunogenetics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Srivastava, R.. Ram, B. P. and Tyle, IJ., eds.), pp. 215-243, VCH Press, New York 13. Peterson, 1’. A., Cunningham, B. A,, Herggard, I. and Edelman, G. M. (1972) I’roc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82,4225-4229 14. Ziljstra, M., Bix, M., Simister, N. E., Loring, J. M., Kaulet, L). H. and Jaenisch, K. (1990) Nature (London) 344,742-746 15. Ahouse, J. J., Hagerrnan, C. I,.? Mittal, P., Gilbert, D. J., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A. and Simister, N. E. ( 1 993) J. Immunol., in the press If). Hjorkman, IJ. J., Saper, M. A,, Sarnraoui. H., Bennett, W. S., Strominger, J. I,. and Wiley, L). C. (1987) Nature (London) 329, 500-5 12 976 17. van de Winkel. J. G. J. and Capel, 1’. J. A. (1993)
The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE Over the last 2 decades, sport-related concussion (SRC) has garnered significant attention. Even with increased awareness and athlete education, sideline recognition and real-time diagnosis remain crucial. The need for an objective and standardized assessment of concussion led to the eventual development of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) during the Second International Conference on Concussion in Sport in 2004, which is now in its third iteration (SCAT3). In an effort to update our understanding of the most well-known sideline concussion assessment, the authors conducted a systematic review of the SCAT and the evidence supporting its use to date. METHODS English-language titles and abstracts published between 1995 and October 2015 were searched systematically across 4 electronic databases and a review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines adapted for the review of a heterogeneous collection of study designs. Peer-reviewed journal articles were included if they reported quantitative data on any iteration of the SCAT, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), or modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) data at baseline or following concussion in an exclusively athlete population with any portion older than 13 years of age. Studies that included nonathletes, only children less than 13 years old, exclusively BESS data, exclusively symptom scale data, or a non-SCAT-related assessment were excluded. RESULTS The database search process yielded 549 abstracts, and 105 full-text articles were reviewed with 36 meeting criteria for inclusion. Nineteen studies were associated with the SAC, 1 was associated with the mBESS exclusively, and 16 studies were associated with a full iteration of the SCAT. The majority of these studies (56%) were prospective cohort studies. Male football players were the most common athletes studied. An analysis of the studies focused on baseline differences associated with age, sex, concussion history, and the ability to detect an SRC. CONCLUSIONS Looking toward the upcoming Concussion in Sport Group meeting in fall 2016, one may expect further revision to the SCAT3. However, based on this systematic review, the authors propose further, in-depth study of an already comprehensive concussion test, with acute, diagnostic, as well as long-term use.
The Electronic Nature of Terminal Oxo Ligands in Transition-Metal Complexes: Ambiphilic Reactivity of Oxorhenium Species

The synthesis of the Lewis acid–base adducts of B(C6F5)3 and BF3 with [DAAmRe(O)(X)] DAAm = N,N-bis(2-arylaminoethyl)methylamine; aryl = C6F5 (X = Me, 1, COCH3, 2, Cl, 3) as well as their diamidopyridine (DAP) (DAP=(2,6-bis((mesitylamino)methyl)pyridine) analogues, [DAPRe(O)(X)] (X = Me, 4, Cl, 5, I, 6, and COCH3,7), are described. In these complexes the terminal oxo ligands act as nucleophiles. In addition we also show that stoichiometric reactions between 3 and triarylphosphine (PAr3) result in the formation of triarylphosphine oxide (OPAr3). The electronic dependence of this reaction was studied by comparing the rates of oxygen atom transfer for various para-substituted triaryl phosphines in the presence of CO. From these experiments a reaction constant ρ = −0.29 was obtained from the Hammett plot. This suggests that the oxygen atom transfer reaction is consistent with nucleophilic attack of phosphorus on an electrophilic metal oxo. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first examples of mono-oxo...
An Analysis of Indirect Water Withdrawal and Consumption in Automotive Manufacturing Facilities

Water is a key resource for all life. Recent droughts have also exemplified the importance for manufacturers to understand their impact on water resources. While most manufacturers typically know the amount of water they use in their facilities, they have little knowledge about the indirect effects they have on water resources. In this paper, the indirect impact from electricity use by automakers on water resources is examined. Water withdrawal and consumption from electricity use by hypothetical but representative facilities around the world is quantified and analyzed. The results indicate that the water withdrawal and consumption caused by the use of electricity is larger than the direct water use and consumption in the facilities themselves.
Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond.

Integrated culture of fish with crops has gained increasing attention to remediate the nutrients pollution of aquaculture. However, rice-fish co-culture system has rarely been investigated. In this study, we constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in the pond by using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted an on-farm experiment to examine the nutrients removal efficiency and economical benefit of this system. The results showed that this system significantly reduced the nutrients levels in the water and bottom soil in pond comparing with fish monoculture. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (OP) were 70.63%, 60.27%, 54.86%, 71.54%, 85.05% and 78.54% lower in the water of rice-fish co-culture than fish monoculture pond, respectively. And the contents of ammonia-N, TP and OP in the bottom soil were also respectively reduced by 91.14%, 36.99% and 58.57% under rice-fish co-culture system. The total cost was only increased by 2.88%, but the net income was enhanced by 114.48% for rice-fish co-culture than fish monoculture, which was primarily attributed to extensive rice cultivation. These results suggested that rice-fish co-culture in pond was an efficient method to mitigate the eutrophication in an intensive culture pond, and also a potential new way to increase rice production for food security and extra income for fish farmers.
Predictive modeling of feature dimension for tip-based nano machining process

Abstract The tip-based vibration-assisted nanomachining process can fabricate three-dimensional (3D) features with nanometer scale resolution. To control the feature dimension accurately in process planning, we need to understand the relationship between feature dimension and machining parameters including setpoint force, XY vibration amplitude and feed rate. In this article, we conducted full factorial experiments to analyze the relationship between feature dimension and machining parameters. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), we determined the significant factors in determining the feature dimension. The feature width is mainly controlled by XY vibration amplitude, and the feature depth is controlled XY vibration, setpoint force and feed rate. In order to predict the feature dimension in nanomachining and provide instructions for machining parameter selection, a semi-empirical mechanical model was built first. Then simplified regression models were also investigated, with all models displaying good predictive capability. The results show good fit between predicted feature depth and measured feature depth, for most machining conditions. These models provide good capability in process planning for implementation of this process.
Scientific and Technical Notes

This chapter describes the various methods used by the registry, the definition of cancer entities, the basis for social class classification, the use of statistical procedures, the choice of high-risk criteria, the method of producing Poisson generated expected numbers, the choice of a mapping strategy, and the absence of formal cluster analysis used in this book. Estimates of the number of cases to be expected over the period in each census tract were obtained by applying all-race rates for the entire county to the population of each census tract by age, calculating the expected number of cases, and combining them to produce an indirectly age-adjusted total. That is directly compared to the observed number in the form of a standardized incidence ratio (SIR), roughly equivalent to a relative risk. Maps of health events can be divided into spot maps and area maps. Health event maps have more commonly employed area, or choropleth, maps, which are capable of showing differences between rates using different colors or shadings for the different areas, that is, different defined populations, according to the various levels of risk. Most of these maps are produced for the purpose of displaying patterns thought to correspond to specific patterns of exposure, or for the purpose of identifying autocorrelations between the rates of adjacent areas.
The United States and Its Use of the People

It was an unlikely scene: on an early fall day in 1861, people crowded into the U.S. sub-treasurer’s office in New York City to buy treasury notes. Describing the event, a New York Herald reporter rolled out a parade of characters worthy of Dickens. There was a “short, stout, broad-faced gentleman ... with a gold-headed cane, gold spectacles, and a general banking air about him”; an “old woman, poorly dressed, bent down by age, and looking like the keeper of an apple stand or corner grocery of peanuts and dirty candies”; a “veritable Bridget” (“How in the world could she know of the loan and of its advantages?”); a “former comptroller of the city, now totally blind, and led in by his daughter”; a “negro, colored man, an African, or whatever he prefers to be called”; a “lady sweeping her long trail past you, and displaying rich diamond rings”; a clerk “who subscribes thousands of dollars for his employers, and then, after a moment’s hesitation, $100 for himself”; an elderly gentleman who “has not left his native town in New Jersey for five years, but has taken this long and fatiguing journey because he thinks his country needs his savings”; a lady from the backcountry who “wants to know how she is to invest her money to aid the country”; the “inevitable Irishman and German, who say exactly what they do not mean, but whose business the quick clerks dispatch before the inexplicit, episodical, and curiously intertangled story of the depositors is half finished”; and a clergy man “who says ten words about his business and fifty about his determination to sustain the government.” Many insisted on seeing Mr. Cisco, the sub-treasurer, even though it was unnecessary and slowed the process to a snail’s pace. But, as the reporter explained, everyone waited patiently. They “feel that by showing themselves personally to the Sub-Treasurer they are, in some sort, giving aid and comfort to the government of which he appears to them the representative.”
Efficient Estimation for Accelerated Failure Time Model under Case-Cohort and Nested Case-Control Sampling

Case-cohort (Prentice, 1986) and nested case-control (Thomas, 1977) designs have been widely used as a cost-effective alternative to the full-cohort design. In this article, we propose an efficient likelihood-based estimation method for the accelerated failure time model under case-cohort and nested case-control designs. An EM algorithm is developed to maximize the likelihood function and a kernel smoothing technique is adopted to facilitate the estimation in the M-step of the EM algorithm. We show that the proposed estimators for the regression coefficients are consistent and asymptotically normal. The asymptotic variance of the estimators can be consistently estimated using an EM-aided numerical differentiation method. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the estimators and an application to a Wilms tumor data set is also given to illustrate the methodology.
Identification of 3-MCPD esters to verify the adulteration of extra virgin olive oil.

ABSTRACTThe adulteration of olive oil is an important issue around the world. This paper reports an indirect method by which to identify 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters in olive oils. Following sample preparation, the samples were spiked with 1,2-bis-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol standard for analysis using gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry. The total recovery ranged from 102.8% to 105.5%, the coefficient of variation ranged from 1.1% to 10.1%, and the limit of quantification was 0.125 mg/kg. The content of 3-MCPD esters in samples of refined olive oil (0.97–20.53 mg/kg) exceeded those of extra virgin olive oil (non-detected to 0.24 mg/kg). These results indicate that the oil refining process increased the content of 3-MCPD esters, which means that they could be used as a target compound for the differentiation of extra virgin olive oil from refined olive oil in order to prevent adulteration.
Not Simply in the Eye of the Beholder: Authenticity as a Product of Candidate Preference and Unfettered Speech

Authenticity has emerged over recent decades as a prominent theme in both the press and in political research—and peaked in the 2016 presidential contest that pitted Donald Trump against Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, Marco Rubio, and Ted Cruz. In this context, we attempted to answer the question: How do voters judge a presidential candidate's authenticity? Here we use motivated reasoning and correspondent inference theory as theoretical frameworks to examine how partisan preference combines with perceptions of unfettered speech and strategic impression management to influence voter judgments of a candidate's authenticity. An online survey of 525 respondents demonstrated that individuals' partisan preferences influenced both judgments of a candidate's authenticity and their perceptions of behaviors signifying authenticity (use of unfettered speech versus strategic impression management). These behavioral signals partially mediated the relation between candidate preferences and authenticity judgments. Moreover, voters, given their partisan preferences, differentially weighted candidates' use of unfettered speech and strategic impression management tactics in their judgments of authenticity. Finally, unfiltered/politically incorrect speech was found to have both positive and negative effects on authenticity judgments. Findings further elucidate the nature of authenticity as perceived in others and identify intermediary variables and boundary conditions that influence those perceptions.
Observation of Excited Quadrupole-Bound States in Cold Anions.

We report the first observation of an excited quadrupole-bound state (QBS) in an anion. High-resolution photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled 4-cyanophenoxide ($4{\mathrm{CP}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) anions yields an electron detachment threshold of $24\text{ }927\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The photodetachment spectrum reveals a resonant transition $20\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ below the detachment threshold, which is attributed to an excited QBS of $4{\mathrm{CP}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ because neutral 4CP has a large quadrupole moment with a negligible dipole moment. The QBS is confirmed by observation of seventeen above-threshold resonances due to autodetachment from vibrational levels of the QBS.
Phytoplankton community structure in relation to hydrographic features along a coast-to-offshore transect on the SW Atlantic Continental Shelf

Abstract The continental shelf in Southern Brazil is characterized by high biological productivity associated with horizontal and vertical density gradients due to the mixing of distinct water masses. Phytoplankton biomass and composition were evaluated in summer 2013 along an on-offshore transect off the mouth of the Patos Lagoon (Lat. 32°12S). Photosynthetic active radiation, temperature, salinity and fluorescence vertical profiles were carried out and Brunt-Vaisala frequency was estimated. Three water bodies were identified: the Subtropical Shelf Water along the entire transect, the Plata Plume Water on the middle shelf surface and the Tropical Water farther offshore. The water was sampled (N = 40) for the analyses of dissolved inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton cell density and composition. Phytoplankton present in the water was identified and quantified by the classical microscope sedimentation technique, complemented with CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment data. From the results obtained, chlorophyll a concentration was higher at both coastal stations (1.6–2.0 mg m−3) where the water column was homogeneous and diatoms dominated the stations. This group was replaced by dinoflagellates in stratified conditions on the shelf and farther offshore. Along the onshore-offshore gradient, two types of dinoflagellates were found: the peridinin-containing dinoflagellates Prorocentrum and Scrippsiella with a small contribution at the coastal stations, and the fucoxantin-containing small Gymnodiniales cells (
Flocks of Features for Tracking Articulated Objects

Tracking non-rigid and articulated objects in live video is a challenging task, particularly because object geometry and appearance can undergo rapid changes between video frames. Color-based trackers do not rely on geometry, yet they have to make assumptions on the background’s color as to avoid confusion with the foreground object. This chapter presents “Flocks of Features,” a tracking method that combines motion cues and a learned foreground color distribution for fast and robust 2D tracking of highly articulated objects. Many independent image artifacts are tracked from one frame to the next, adhering only to local constraints. This concept is borrowed from nature since these tracks mimic the flight of flocking birds – exhibiting local individualism and variability while maintaining a clustered entirety. The method’s benefits lie in its ability to track objects that undergo vast and rapid deformations, its ability to overcome failure modes from the motion cue as well as the color cue, its speed, and its robustness against background noise. Tracker performance is demonstrated on hand tracking with a nonstationary camera in unconstrained indoor and outdoor environments. When compared to a CamShift tracker on the highly varied test data, Flocks of Features tracking yields a threefold improvement in terms of the number of frames of successful target tracking.
Conclusion to Feminism in Coalition: Rethinking Strategies for Progressive Politics Across Difference

The conceptualizations and theorizations of coalition put forth in this symposium’s articles seek to answer the questions: what is coalition and how do coalitions mobilize? To address these questio...
High-throughput quantitative bioluminescence imaging for assessing tumor burden

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has emerged during the past 5 years as the preeminent method for rapid, cheap, facile screening of tumor growth and spread in mice. Both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models are readily observed with high sensitivity and reproducibility. User-friendly commercial instruments exist and, increasingly, luciferase-expressing tumor cells are available in academic institutions or commercially. There is an increasing literature on routine use of BLI for assessing chemotherapeutic efficacy, drug combinations, dosing, and timing. In addition, BLI may be applied to more sophisticated questions of molecular biology by including specific promoter sequences. This chapter will describe routine methods used to support multiple investigators in our small animal imaging resource.
Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Plasma Lipid Transfer Protein

High-density lipoproteins (HDL), LCAT, and lipid transfer proteins play key roles in lipid transport. They assist in the removal of unesterified cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues and in transporting cholesterol to the liver. The HDL represent a heterogeneous population of particles that differ in composition and function based on apoprotein composition. They contain two major subclasses: particles that contain A-I and A-II, Lp(A — I + A — II), and particles that contain A-I without A-II, Lp(A-I). Each of these subpopulations is heterogeneous in size and apoprotein composition. The majority of LCAT (approximately 70%) and the neutral lipid transfer protein, or LTP-1 (approximately 80%), in plasma is associated with Lp(A-I) particles. In both plasma and Lp(A-I) particles isolated by populations (mean Stokes diameter 102 A by gPAGE, 129 A by gel filtration), whereas LTP-I activity is in the smaller-sized subpopulations (mean Stokes diameter 86 A by gPAGE, 113 A by gel filtration).
Growth of Yorkshire Suckling Pigs

The birthweights and daily liveweights for 87 male and 99 female pigs reared under drylot conditions were obtained over a 3-week period and used to construct a growth curve for the very young male and female pig. Analysis of variance was used to test litter and sex main effects and the litter x sex interaction effect on liveweight. The daily standard deviations of the 186 pig sample were calculated and are presented in graphic form. No significant difference between the growth of male and female pigs of this young age were found. The average birth and first-, secondand thirdweek liveweights and standard deviations were 1.1±.12, 2.0±.27, 3.3±.48 and 5.0±.74 kg., respectively, for the pooled male and female observations. Analysis of variance of the data indicated significant differences in growth due to litter effects for all of the 21 days of the experiment, but there was generally no significant difference due to sex and no sex x litter
Psychological perspectives on community resilience and climate change: Insights, examples, and directions for future research

Abstract This chapter makes a case for a focus on climate change community resilience—the study of a community’s capability to flexibly and effectively respond to climate change—in order to understand and promote functionally adaptive responses to climate change. While there is considerable research on the role of individual psychological processes in promoting engagement with climate change, much more research on place-based, community-focused dimensions of climate change psychology is needed. We provide an overview of the broader interdisciplinary perspective on community resilience and highlight psychology’s potential role to contribute further in this literature. Looking forward, we explicate key ways in which both community resilience and psychological research would benefit from their integration, and identify ways of advancing theory and research in this domain.
Neuroscience and Jury Decision-Making

This chapter examines the emerging use of neuroscience evidence in criminal trials and its influence on jury decision-making. It begins with a look at the prevalence of neuroscience expert evidence in criminal cases, finding a rapid increase in its use both in and outside of the United States. It then looks at the broader research on how the lay public is persuaded by neuroscience-derived information, followed by an examination of the relatively young literature on the specific (and often paradoxical) impact of neuroscience and neuroimagery on jurors’ judgments of criminal defendants. The chapter concludes with some caveats about the current state of neuroscience with respect to the legal system and some recommendations for future research.
Theories of Cognitive Aging and Work

Abstract The link between cognitive aging and work is more important than ever, given the increased proportion of older workers in the labor force and the notion that cognitive functioning is essential for performing work and achieving successful aging at work. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss cognitive functioning and work from a lifespan perspective. First, we define cognitive functioning. Second, we summarize multiple theories of cognitive functioning and describe how cognitive abilities change over the lifespan. Third, we integrate and relate theories of cognitive aging to work. Next, we summarize empirical research results from recent studies of cognitive aging and work in two ways: how work impacts cognitive functioning, and how cognitive functioning impacts work. Finally, we suggest practical implications and offer some recommendations to guide future research.
Near-Field Multi-Beam-Splitting for Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna system

Near-field multi-beam-splitting Fabry-Perot Cavity (FPC) antenna systems are proposed. A cavity-backed coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slot antenna is combined with orientation-sensitive FSS designs. Vertically oriented unit cells in the uniform FSS design (FSS-AH) split main beam from a source into two or four beams.
Applying a model of volunteerism to better understand the experiences of White ally activists

In the fight for equality, outgroup allies have played a critical role. Despite this, little is known about what motivates these individuals and keeps them committed long term. The current research...
A Drosophila Insulator Interacting Protein Suppresses Enhancer-Blocking Function and Modulates Replication Timing

Abstract Insulators play important roles in genome structure and function in Drosophila and mammals. More than six different insulator proteins are required in Drosophila for normal genome function, whereas CTCF is the only identified protein contributing to insulator function in mammals. Interactions between a DNA binding insulator protein and its interacting partner proteins define the properties of each insulator site. The different roles of insulator protein partners in the Drosophila genome and how they confer functional specificity remain poorly understood. Functional analysis of insulator partner proteins in Drosophila is necessary to understand how genomes are compartmentalized and the roles that different insulators play in genome function. In Drosophila, the Suppressor of Hairy wing [Su(Hw)] insulator is targeted to the nuclear lamina, preferentially localizes at euchromatin/heterochromatin boundaries, and is associated with the Gypsy retrotransposon. The properties that the insulator confers to these sites rely on the ability of the Su(Hw) protein to bind the DNA at specific sites and interact with Mod(mdg4)-67.2 and CP190 partner proteins. HP1 and insulator partner protein 1 (HIPP1) is a recently identified partner of Su(Hw), but how HIPP1 contributes to the function of Su(Hw) insulators has not yet been elucidated. Here, we find that mutations in the HIPP1 crotonase-like domain have no impact on the function of Su(Hw) enhancer-blocking activity but do exhibit an impaired ability to repair double-strand breaks. Additionally, we find that the overexpression of each HIPP1 and Su(Hw) causes defects in cell proliferation by limiting the progression of DNA replication. We also find that HIPP1 overexpression suppresses the Su(Hw) insulator enhancer-blocking function.
The impact of chronic kidney disease on bariatric perioperative outcome: a MBSAQIP matched analysis

Abstract Background Morbid obesity is considered a strong independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity-related co-morbidities. Previous large database analyses have suggested that CKD does not independently increase the risk of adverse outcomes after bariatric surgery. The safety of elective bariatric surgery in this patient population remains unclear. To this end, we compared 30-day outcomes in this patient population after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Objectives To compare 30-day outcomes in CKD patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass. Setting University Hospital, United States. Methods Using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Improvement Program database, we identified patients with CKD who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 2015 or 2016. An unmatched cohort analysis, a propensity-matched analysis, and a case-control, matched-cohort analysis was performed of patients with and without CKD. Results Of the 302,092 patients included in this study, 2362 (.7%) had CKD, of whom 837 (35.4%) required dialysis. CKD patients were older with significantly higher rates of co-morbid conditions. Hospital length of stay, intensive care unit admission, reoperation, readmission, bleeding, cardiopulmonary, infectious complications, and total morbidity were significantly higher in CKD patients. In propensity-matched and case-control matched analyses of 4006 patients and 2264 patients, respectively, poorer outcomes in CKD patients highlight it an independent risk factor for morbidity. Conclusions In contrast to previously reported large database analysis, CKD and dependence on dialysis independently increases the risk of 30-day adverse outcomes after primary bariatric surgery. The benefits conferred by bariatric surgery should be carefully weighed against the increased risk of complications in this challenging population.
Dynamic Modelling of LIMs Including End-Effects

This chapter deals with the dynamic modelling of linear induction motors (LIM). Starting from the analysis of the contributions of the scientific literature constituting the current state of the art of the LIM dynamic modelling, a space-vector dynamic model of the LIM taking into consideration its dynamic end effects is described. A specifically developed technique for the identification of the LIM electrical parameters is described as well, permitting even the full characterization of the machine from the magnetic point of view. A set of tests is further shown, permitting the validation of the LIM dynamic model both via finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments.
A philosophy of the possible: modalities in thought and culture: by M. Epstein, Leiden, Brill Academic Publishers, 2019,380 pp., $147 (hardback), ISBN 978-9-0043-9834-4

In order for it to be the case that we live in ‘the best of all possible worlds,’ as Leibniz is famous for expressing, then there must also be an infinite number of inferior worlds that are equally...
Hue tuning curves in V4 change with visual context

To understand activity in the higher visual cortex, researchers typically investigate how parametric changes in stimuli affect neural activity. These experiments reveal neurons9 general response properties only when the effect of a parameter in synthetic stimuli is representative of its effect in other visual contexts. However, in higher visual cortex it is rarely verified how well tuning to parameters of simplified experimental stimuli represents tuning to those parameters in complex or naturalistic stimuli. To evaluate precisely how much tuning curves can change with context, we developed a methodology to estimate tuning from neural responses to natural scenes. For neurons in macaque V4, we then estimated tuning curves for hue from both natural scene responses and responses to artificial stimuli of varying hue. We found that neurons9 hue tuning on artificial stimuli was not representative of their hue tuning on natural images, even if the neurons were strongly modulated by hue. These neurons thus respond strongly to interactions between hue and other visual features. We argue that such feature interactions are generally to be expected if the cortex takes an optimal coding strategy. This finding illustrates that tuning curves in higher visual cortex may only be accurate for similar stimuli as shown in the lab, and do not generalize for all neurons to naturalistic and behaviorally relevant stimuli.
The effect of time spent outdoors during summer on daily blood glucose and steps in women with type 2 diabetes.

This study investigated changes in glycemic control following a small increase in time spent outdoors. Women participants with type 2 diabetes (N = 46) wore an iBUTTON temperature monitor and a pedometer for 1 week and recorded their morning fasting blood glucose (FBG) daily. They went about their normal activities for 2 days (baseline) and were asked to add 30 min of time outdoors during Days 3–7 (intervention). Linear mixed effects models were used to test whether morning FBG values were different on days following intervention versus baseline days, and whether steps and/or heat exposure changed. Results were stratified by indicators of good versus poor glycemic control prior to initiation of the study. On average, blood glucose was reduced by 6.1 mg/dL (95% CI − 11.5, − 0.6) on mornings after intervention days after adjusting for age, BMI, and ambient weather conditions. Participants in the poor glycemic control group (n = 16) experienced a 15.8 mg/dL decrease (95% CI − 27.1, − 4.5) in morning FBG on days following the intervention compared to a 1.6 mg/dL decrease (95%CI − 7.7, 4.5) for participants in the good glycemic control group (n = 30). Including daily steps or heat exposure did not attenuate the association between intervention and morning FBG. The present study suggests spending an additional 30 min outdoors may improve glycemic control; however, further examination with a larger sample over a longer duration and determination of mediators of this relationship is warranted.
Multiphase carbon mineralization for the reactive separation of CO 2 and directed synthesis of H 2

There is a need to capture, convert and store CO2 by atom-efficient and energy-efficient pathways that use as few process configurations as possible. This need has motivated studies into multiphase reaction chemistries and this Review describes two such approaches in the context of carbon mineralization. The first approach uses aqueous alkaline solutions containing amine nucleophiles that capture CO2 and eventually convert it into calcium and magnesium carbonates, thereby regenerating the nucleophiles. Gas–liquid–solid and liquid–solid configurations of these reactions are explored. The second approach combines silicates such as CaSiO3 or Mg2SiO4 with CO and H2O from the water-gas shift reaction to give H2 and calcium or magnesium carbonates. Coupling carbonate formation to the water-gas shift reaction shifts the latter equilibrium to afford more H2 as part of a single-step catalytic approach to carbon mineralization. These pathways exploit the vast abundance of alkaline resources, including naturally occurring silicates and alkaline industrial residues. However, simple stoichiometries belie the complex, multiphase nature of the reactions, predictive control of which presents a scientific opportunity and challenge. This Review describes this multiphase chemistry and the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to achieve ‘step-change’ advancements in the reactive separation of CO2 by carbon mineralization. The water-gas shift reaction converts CO and H2O into H2 and CO2, and reactive separation of the latter optimizes H2 production. This Review describes how alkaline Ca and Mg compounds trap CO2 to afford carbonates as part of carbon mineralization.