cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3946: Androgen receptor drives differential gene expression in KRAS-mediated non-small cell lung cancer

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has identified alterations such as amplification, deletion, or mutation of androgen receptor (AR) in about 5% of human lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The expression of AR in human lung appears to play a crucial role in lung development and type II pneumocytes (PTII) maturation, but unlike in prostate cancer, the role of AR is not well known in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In our study, we demonstrated AR in NSCLC cell lines translocated into the nucleus over time when stimulated with synthetic androgen R1881, while addition of enzalutamide (MDV3100) or AR siRNA reduced AR nuclear localization. Using an NSCLC human tissue microarray also revealed that 10 out of 88 patients (11%) have positive AR immunohistochemical staining. Preliminary data from clonogenic assay indicated that enzalutamide might have radiosensitizing effect on certain NSCLC cells at 2 Gy, further suggesting the involvement of AR in lung cancer and its potential therapeutic value as a target. With the induction of R1881 for 30 minutes to 24 hours, certain NSCLC cells display decreased AR mRNA (0.5-0.8 fold), while others show modest increase (up to 1.5 fold), suggesting that AR regulation in these cells might be different due to their mutational landscapes. We then used predesigned 384 well panels from Bio-Rad to survey the effects of R1881, enzalutamide, and AR siRNA on mRNA expression levels of selected NSCLC cells. Distinct expression profiles were observed between cells that have wild-type and mutated KRAS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the AR signaling could be different based on KRAS mutational profiles of NSCLCs, and further work is required to reveal the underlying mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and RNA sequencing will be utilized to investigate AR interactions with androgen response elements and differential expressions in KRAS-driven NSCLC cells, respectively. Citation Format: Albert Roy Wang, Hope Beyer, Sean Brennan, Shannon Stiles, Dylan Wiese, Darya Buehler, Anwaar Saeed, Andrew M. Baschnagel, Gopal Iyer. Androgen receptor drives differential gene expression in KRAS-mediated non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3946.
Mood variations decoded from multi-site intracranial human brain activity

Mood state changes are decoded using human neural activity data from electrodes implanted in seven epilepsy patients. The ability to decode mood state over time from neural activity could enable closed-loop systems to treat neuropsychiatric disorders. However, this decoding has not been demonstrated, partly owing to the difficulty of modeling distributed mood-relevant neural dynamics while dealing with the sparsity of mood state measurements. Here we develop a modeling framework to decode mood state variations from multi-site intracranial recordings in seven human subjects with epilepsy who self-reported their mood state intermittently over multiple days. We built dynamic neural encoding models of mood state and corresponding decoders for each individual and demonstrated that mood state variations over time can be decoded from neural activity. Across subjects, the decoders largely recruited neural signals from limbic regions, whose spectro-spatial features were tuned to mood variations. The dynamic models also provided an analytical tool to compute the timescales of the decoded mood state. These results provide an initial line of evidence indicating the feasibility of mood state decoding.
Revision of Surgical Lateral Ankle Ligament Stabilization.

Ankle sprains continue to be among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, most of which never require surgical treatment. Surgical treatment has traditionally been successful for those patients whose symptoms do not improve with nonoperative care. However, recurrent instability, although rare, can occur early or late after a stabilization procedure, as the result of an acute traumatic event or chronic repetitive minor injury. A complete workup of patients with recurrent ankle instability should be completed before revision surgery and should include evaluation for generalized joint hypermobility as well as anatomic variations, such as hindfoot varus, first ray plantarflexion, and midfoot cavus.
Dynamics of Cation-Induced Conformational Changes in Nanometer-Sized Uranyl Peroxide Clusters.

Conformational changes of the pyrophosphate (Pp)-functionalized uranyl peroxide nanocluster [(UO2)24(O2)24(P2O7)12]48- ({U24Pp12}), dissolved as a Li/Na salt, can be induced by the titration of alkali cations into solution. The most symmetric conformer of the molecule has idealized octahedral (Oh) molecular symmetry. One-dimensional 31P NMR experiments provide direct evidence that both K+ and Rb+ ions trigger an Oh-to-D4h conformational change within {U24Pp12}. Variable-temperature 31P NMR experiments conducted on partially titrated {U24Pp12} systems show an effect on the rates; increased activation enthalpy and entropy for the D4h-to-Oh transition is observed in the presence of Rb+ compared to K+. Two-dimensional, exchange spectroscopy 31P NMR revealed that magnetization transfer links chemically unique Pp bridges that are present in the D4h conformation and that this magnetization transfer occurs via a conformational rearrangement mechanism as the bridges interconvert between two symmetries. The interconversion is triggered by the departure and reentry of K (or Rb) cations out of and into the cavity of the cluster. This rearrangement allows Pp bridges to interconvert without the need to break bonds. Cs ions exhibit unique interactions with {U24Pp12} clusters and cause only minor changes in the solution 31P NMR signatures, suggesting that Oh symmetry is conserved. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the mixed Li/Na/Cs salt adopts D2h molecular symmetry, implying that while solvated, this cluster is in equilibrium with a more symmetric form. These results highlight the unusually flexible nature of the actinide-based {U24Pp12} and its sensitivity to countercations in solution.
Loss of Thy-1 may reduce lung regeneration after pneumonectomy in mice.

Background Lung regeneration plays an important role in lung repair after injury. It is reliant upon proliferation of multiple cell types in the lung, including endothelium, epithelium, and fibroblasts, as well as remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Methods Lung regeneration following injury progresses via an initial infammatory response during which macrophages clear the tissue of cellular debris. This process continues through cellular proliferation when existing cells and progenitors act to repopulate cells lost during injury, followed by tissue maturation in which newly formed cells achieve a diferentiated phenotype. Results Signaling pathways critical for lung regeneration include FGF, EGF, WNT, and NOTCH. In addition, HDACs, miRNAs, ELASTIN, and MMP14 have been shown to regulate lung regeneration. Partial pneumonectomy (PNX) has been used as a therapeutic and investigational tool for several decades. Following PNX the remaining lung increases in size to compensate for loss of volume and respiratory capacity. Conclusions Much has been learned about the triggers and mechanisms regulating pulmonary regeneration. However, the role of thymocyte differentiation antigen-1(thy-1) in post-PNX lung growth remains incompletely characterized. Thy-1 is a phosphatidylinositol glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 25000~37000 Da, which is expressed in almost all types of fibroblasts and regulates many biological functions. It not only supports the structure of fibroblasts, but also can balance cell proliferation, migration and regulate the synthesis of immune inflammatory mediators.
Combining Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Walking Rehabilitation to Enhance Mobility and Executive Function: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

Objectives This pilot study assessed whether frontal lobe transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with complex walking rehabilitation is feasible, safe, and shows preliminary efficacy for improving walking and executive function. Materials and methods Participants were randomized to one of the following 18-session interventions: active tDCS and rehabilitation with complex walking tasks (Active/Complex); sham tDCS and rehabilitation with complex walking tasks (Sham/Complex); or sham tDCS and rehabilitation with typical walking (Sham/Typical). Active tDCS was delivered over F3 (cathode) and F4 (anode) scalp locations for 20 min at 2 mA intensity. Outcome measures included tests of walking function, executive function, and prefrontal activity measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy. Results Ninety percent of participants completed the intervention protocol successfully. tDCS side effects of tingling or burning sensations were low (average rating less than two out of 10). All groups demonstrated gains in walking performance based on within-group effect sizes (d ≥ 0.50) for one or more assessments. The Sham/Typical group showed the greatest gains for walking based on between-group effect sizes. For executive function, the Active/Complex group showed the greatest gains based on moderate to large between-group effect sizes (d = 0.52-1.11). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) findings suggest improved prefrontal cortical activity during walking. Conclusions Eighteen sessions of walking rehabilitation combined with tDCS is a feasible and safe intervention for older adults. Preliminary effects size data indicate a potential improvement in executive function by adding frontal tDCS to walking rehabilitation. This study justifies future larger clinical trials to better understand the benefits of combining tDCS with walking rehabilitation.
Flight Duration Capabilities of Dispersing Adult Spotted Lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula

Adult spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula, launch themselves into the wind from elevated locations such as trees, lamp posts, and buildings. Individuals fly in short, successive bouts along descending trajectories of between 10 and 50 m before landing, crawling upward on a new structure, and again launching upwind. The possible physiological limits to the durations of flight-bouts, if not constrained by their poor ability to generate lift, however, remain unknown. In this study, we observed the behavior of tethered spotted lanternflies known to be prone to flight-dispersing, and recorded the number and durations of their successive flight bouts. Additionally, we recorded the flight distances and durations of similar spotted lanternflies in the field that had spontaneously taken flight or had been manually launched. We found that tethered females can perform >20 successive bouts with only 1 min between bouts when flight durations were limited to 20 s/bout. Bouts averaged 97.9 ± 11.4 s when bout durations were unlimited, with some females flying bouts lasting >400 s. Females could quickly advance upwind a distance >3000 m if the bouts of ~100 s each were performed in quick succession in the field. However, adults spontaneously taking flight in the field flew for an average of only ~13 s and traveled an average of ~29 m before landing on the ground or on nearby objects. This information is important to determine how far a locally dispersing adult can fly before finding a suitable host to finish feeding and attain reproductive maturity.
Investigating the Relationship between the Fatigue Cracking Resistance and Thermal Characteristics of Asphalt Binders Extracted from Field Mixes Containing Recycled Materials

Abstract Asphalt components have a significant contribution to the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixes. Softer asphalt binders, characterized through the Superpave grading system, resist fatigue cracking more than stiffer binders. During the long-term aging, the binders’ components changed from lower- to higher-molecular-weight constituents that increased binders’ stiffnesses. Using recycled materials in the mixes increases the stiffnesses of the binders inside these mixes by altering the binders’ components. The binders were extracted and recovered (E & R) from field mixes containing different percentages of recycled materials [reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles] and binders’ performance grades. The fatigue resistance of the E & R binders was evaluated using the Superpave fatigue cracking parameter and the number of load repetitions to failure. Thermal characterization of the E & R binders reflected the binders’ thermal degradation based on their components. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indices were investigated to confirm the changes in the fatigue resistance and thermal characterization results between different binders. The binders E & R from the newest mixes and contained softer binder showed the highest resistance to fatigue cracking and the lowest onset temperatures. However, these mixes contained 30% asphalt binder replacement by RAP. The derivative of thermograph for these binders presented more than one peak; this indicated the existence of the low-molecular-weight fractions that were responsible for enhancing the fatigue resistance. These binders presented the lowest aging condition by showing the lowest aromatics, carbonyl, the highest aliphatics, and sulfoxide FTIR indices.
Impoverished Inhibitory Control Exacerbates Multisensory Impairments in Older Fallers.

Impaired temporal perception of multisensory cues is a common phenomenon observed in older adults that can lead to unreliable percepts of the external world. For instance, the sound induced flash illusion (SIFI) can induce an illusory percept of a second flash by presenting a beep close in time to an initial flash-beep pair. Older adults that have enhanced susceptibility to a fall demonstrate significantly stronger illusion percepts during the SIFI task compared to those older adults without any history of falling. We hypothesize that a global inhibitory deficit may be driving the impairments across both postural stability and multisensory function in older adults with a fall history (FH). We investigated oscillatory activity and perceptual performance during the SIFI task, to understand how active sensory processing, measured by gamma (30 – 80 Hz) power, was regulated by alpha activity (8 – 13 Hz), oscillations that reflect inhibitory control. Compared to young adults (YA), the FH and non-faller (NF) groups demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to the SIFI. Further, the FH group had significantly greater illusion strength compared to the NF group. The FH group also showed significantly impaired performance relative to YA during congruent trials (2 flash-beep pairs resulting in veridical perception of 2 flashes). In illusion compared to non-illusion trials, the NF group demonstrated reduced alpha power (or diminished inhibitory control). Relative to YA and NF, the FH group showed reduced phase-amplitude coupling between alpha and gamma activity in non-illusion trials. This loss of inhibitory capacity over sensory processing in FH compared to NF suggests a more severe change than that consequent of natural aging.
Second generation fluids for 193 nm immersion lithography

Water is the first generation immersion fluid for 193 nm immersion lithography. With a fluid refractive index of 1.436 and an optical absorbance of 0.01/cm at 193 nm, water immersion technology can enable optical lithography for the ITRS’ 65 nm half-pitch node. However, to achieve numerical apertures above 1.35 and to go beyond the 45 nm node, low absorbance fluids with indices higher than 1.6 are needed for the second generation of immersion lithography. We have developed a number of Gen. 2 high index fluids for immersion lithography at 193 nm. These highly transparent fluids have 193 nm indices up to 1.67. 32 nm 1:1 line space imaging has been demonstrated using two of our Gen 2 candidate fluids, representing major advance in optical lithography. To understand the behavior and performance of different fluid classes, we use spectral index measurements to characterize the index dispersion, coupled with Urbach absorption edge analysis, and Lorentz oscillator modeling.
End stage renal disease and kidney transplant in patients with anorectal malformation: is there an alternative route?

Background/purpose Mortality from end stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) is reported to be between 2.5 and 6 %. The risk differs depending on the type of ARM (6.4 % “high” vs. 1.1 % “low”). The purpose of this study was to review the characteristics of the ARM patients who received a kidney transplant (KT) to potentially identify if any modifiable factors existed that may have prevented ESRD.
Blood N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin-17 for distinguishing incomplete Kawasaki disease from infectious diseases

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of blood N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and interleukin-17(IL- 17) for incomplete Kawasaki disease.
Determining the Optimal Process Mean and Screening Limits for Packages Subject to Compliance Testing

The repeated uniform filling of a package and the subsequent accurate estimation of its contents are complicated by the variability of the fill and packaging materials. Consequently, although each container is weighed, the process will still yield under..
The Future Metropolis

Some 20 years ago, a group of colleagues and I, under the auspices of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, jointly contemplated the future metropolis. We assumed that within as short a time as 50 years, most people would live in vast metropolitan areas, loosely linked together by facilities for communication and services, but increasingly interdependent for supplies, information, and transportation to and from work.
MODE OF ACTION OF STREPTOMYCIN ON H. INFLUENZAE TYPE B. III. NATURE OF STREPTOMYCIN ACTION ON SENSITIVE H. INFLUENZAE

Data presented demonstrate that members of H. influenzae type B populations are not uniformly sensitive to streptomycin. Over 99% are susceptible to 1.6 µ./ml.; the larger the population, the wider the variation in resistance of the small fraction surviving. The injurious action of streptomycin on H. influenzae type B is primarily bactericidal. Streptomycin in concentrations between 10 and 100 µ./ml. exerts a rapid lethal action; the greater the concentration of the antibiotic, the greater the speed. Significant increases in population size increase the time required for bactericidal action. The data presented suggest that when streptomycin is used in the treatment of H. influenzae infections in man, its intramuscular administration over a period not longer than 24 hours will ordinarily suffice to obtain a maximal streptomycin effect; that in cases of meningitis the addition of a single intrathecal dose of streptomycin of 25 mg. will be adequate; and that the use of suifadiazine as an adjuvant is advisable to bring under control the eventual resistant mutants which may survive the bactericidal action of streptomycin.
U.S. University Leader Pronouncements on Women and STEM Fields

How has the topic of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields been framed and presented by university leaders in the contemporary United States (U.S.)? How have these leaders addressed questions of gender equity and representation in STEM fields? Given current calls in the political and economic arenas for enhancing STEM education and building the related workforce, such questions have become increasingly important not only in the U.S., but worldwide. Based on arguments positing the salience of leadership buy-in and agenda-setting, we conduct a discourse analysis of speeches and other public pronouncements by university leaders drawn from a representative sample of U.S. universities over the 1992-2008 period. Our analysis demonstrates that topics of gender equality and equity increasingly appear in university leader statements in reference to matters of societal concern associated with various issues of fairness and justice, but are usually constrained by clearly defined institutional and epistemic contexts.
Analysis in Integer and Fractional Dimensions

This book provides a thorough and self-contained study of interdependence and complexity in settings of functional analysis, harmonic analysis and stochastic analysis. It focuses on 'dimension' as a basic counter of degrees of freedom, leading to precise relations between combinatorial measurements and various indices originating from the classical inequalities of Khintchin, Littlewood and Grothendieck. The basic concepts of fractional Cartesian products and combinatorial dimension are introduced and linked to scales calibrated by harmonic-analytic and stochastic measurements. Topics include the (two-dimensional) Grothendieck inequality and its extensions to higher dimensions, stochastic models of Brownian motion, degrees of randomness and Frechet measures in stochastic analysis. This book is primarily aimed at graduate students specialising in harmonic analysis, functional analysis or probability theory. It contains many exercises and is suitable to be used as a textbook. It is also of interest to scientists from other disciplines, including computer scientists, physicists, statisticians, biologists and economists.
Morphological, plasmonic and SERS characterization of DC-sputtered gold nanoislands

Chemical mapping of molecules adsorbed on plasmonic nanostructures is a powerful technique for biomolecular sensing, surface chemistry and plasmon-matter interactions. DC-sputtered gold nanoisland (GNI) substrates have attracted significant attention recently due to its excellent plasmonic enhancement, structural stability and simple fabrication. We provide multimodal characterization of GNI morphological evolution by correlating data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extinction spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy. A rigorous determination of the SERS enhancement factor for benzenethiol self-assembled monolayers on evolving GNI substrates is presented. Rapid statistical analysis shows excellent large-area SERS uniformity by hyperspectral Raman imaging systems based on active-illumination which enables parsimonious sampling of only 2.7% area of the field of view, greatly improving sampling efficiency.
Blue Compact Galaxies and the Primordial Helium Abundance Determination

We use a sample of 45 low-metallicity H II regions to determine the primordial helium abundance Y p . We have carefully investigated the physical effects which may make the He I line intensities deviate from their recombination values such as collisional and fluorescent enhancements, underlying He I stellar absorption and absorption by Galactic interstellar Na, I. By extrapolating the Y vs. O/H linear regression to O/H = 0, we obtain Y p = 0.245±0.002. Our Y p gives 0.06±0.01.
Putting the “H” in STEAM: Paradigms for Modern Liberal Arts Education

This chapter seeks to connect current debates about the value of traditional liberal arts education to emerging trends in the learning sciences that promote metacognition, active learning, and other 21st century skills. This paper proposes that STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), an emerging K-12 approach that infuses the arts within STEM fields, has enormous potential to infuse the liberal arts with design thinking, collaboration, creative computing, and innovation while maintaining the level of deep reflection and critical thinking associated with humanist inquiry. While STEAM has yet to reach higher education in the same way that it has K-12 grades, it is argued that the trends in K-12 foreshadow coming trends in higher education. STEAM within higher education looks at movements that address interactivity, innovation, and inquiry in the form of interactive media design studios, makerspaces, and digital humanities initiatives. This chapter will examine artifacts produced thus far and propose further empirical research studies within higher education to advance what we know about emerging technology-enhanced learning environments and their role in disciplinary knowledge formation. A secondary goal is to create a stronger dialog between K-12 research and higher education trends that have their roots in pre-college initiatives.
Corruption impairs discussion on long term use of psychiatric drugs.

While debating the important question of whether long term psychiatric drugs cause more harm than good,1 we must remember that results from longer term government funded studies of psychiatric drugs have often been reported in a manner that protects psychiatry’s guild interests, rather than being consistent with the dictates of good science. Here are two …
The Impact of Submesoscale Physics on Primary Productivity of Plankton.

Life in the ocean relies on the photosynthetic production of phytoplankton, which is influenced by the availability of light and nutrients that are modulated by a host of physical processes. Submesoscale processes are particularly relevant to phytoplankton productivity because the timescales on which they act are similar to those of phytoplankton growth. Their dynamics are associated with strong vorticity and strain rates that occur on lateral scales of 0.1–10 km. They can support vertical velocities as large as 100 m d−1 and play a crucial role in transporting nutrients into the sunlit ocean for phytoplankton production. In regimes with deep surface mixed layers, submesoscale instabilities can cause stratification within days, thereby increasing light exposure for phytoplankton trapped close to the surface. These instabilities help to create and maintain localized environments that favor the growth of phytoplankton, contribute to productivity, and cause enormous heterogeneity in the abundance of phytopla...
Stability Problems of Wood Truss Bridge

The case history of stability problems and failure for a spaced-member timber bridge truss is presented together with the cause of failure and the corrective measures. The cause of failure is identified as differential longitudinal movement between the two timbers of the spaced-member upper chord. Bolted joints permit differential longitudinal movement. This causes joint displacement and stability problems. The differential movement must be eliminated to achieve stable conditions. The new information on stress transfer gained from this experience applies to the general case of a wood truss with spaced-members.
N-Phthalyl-L-β-phenylalanine †

N-phthalyl-l-β-phenylalanine product: N-phthalyl-l-β-phenylalanine reactant: 16.5 g. (0.1 mole) of l-phenylalanine product: N-phthalyl-β-alanine product: N-phthalyl-l-alanine product: ethyl ester of N-phthalylglycine Keywords: acylation; tetrahydrofuran; tetrahydrofuran, removal of peroxides; evaporator, for solvent stripping
Professional staff in American unions: Changes, trends, implications

The last twenty-five years has been a period of rapid change for the American labor movement. One way in which that change has been manifested has been the growth in the number of professional, technical, and administrative personnel employed by labor organizations. This article examines data on changes in the employment of union professional staff in 30 major unions between 1961 and 1985. The reasons for these changes are discussed, along with the implications of these trends for the institutional future of American unions.
K∗-Dominance of the Ke3 form factor and Sirlin's relation

Abstract We discuss the precise momentum dependence of the Ke3 form factor f+(t) by studying some of the recent experimental results on K0L → π± e∓ ν decays. The parametrization of f+(t) based on the assumption of K∗-dominance can considerably improve the agreement of Sirlin's relation with existing data.
Synthesis of fullerene-containing poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene as model shape amphiphiles with variable composition, diverse architecture, and high fullerene functionality

A series of [60]fullerene (C60)-containing poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) with various numbers and different locations of C60 along the polymer chains were designed and synthesized via a combination of “click” chemistry and living/controlled polymerization techniques such as anionic polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. One C60 was tethered either to the end of a PS block (PEO-b-PS-C60) or at the junction point between PS and PEO blocks [PEO-(C60)-PS]; while multiple C60s could be attached randomly along the PS block (PEO-b-PS/C60). The reaction conditions were carefully controlled to ensure a quantitative C60 functionality at precise locations in the case of PEO-b-PS-C60 and PEO-(C60)-PS and to avoid crosslinking in the synthesis of PEO-b-PS/C60. The results have implications in the precision synthesis of fullerene polymers in general. These C60-containing diblock copolymers possess different composition, diverse architecture, and high fullerene functionality. They can serve as model “shape amphiphiles” for the construction of complex hierarchical structures via the interplay between C60–C60 aggregation and block copolymer self-assembly/micro-phase separation.
Authentic movement: The body's path to consciousness

This reflective piece portrays a very personal journey into the transformational processes of a woman entering the second half of her life. After encountering a spiritual presence while performing craniasacaral therapy treatments, the author developed an intense yearning to become united with this spiritual essence. From this yearning emerged a spiritual guide named Awananoah. This name means “the desire to know and the fear of knowing.” Awananoa became the author's transcendent function by revealing through images the chasm between her human self and her spiritual self. The longing to resolve this existential conflict, manifested in left and right sides of her body led to repeated authentic movement experiences. During these experiences, the author enters a Jungian jungle of trapped and cavorting creatures who emerge from her subconscious, not only to re-integrate portions of her human self, but to escort her to the next level of her transcendent self.
Screening markers of impaired glucose tolerance in the obese pediatric population.

Background: With the epidemic of childhood obesity, it is crucial to devise a simple screening protocol to predict impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or pre-diabetes. The oral glucose
Dizziness among Older Adults: A Possible Geriatric Syndrome

According to this study, the association among characteristics in several domains (including cardiovascular and neurologic) and dizziness, coupled with the multiplicity of sensations and triggering...
Acrolein: A potent modulator of lung macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism

Abstract Resting rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages exposed to acrolein were stimulated to synthesize and release thromboxane B 2 and prostaglandin E 2 in a dose-dependent manner. Zymosan-activated pulmonary alveolar macrophages released approximately twice as much prostaglandin E 2 as thromboxane B 2 , whereas acroleinactivated pulmonary alveolar macrophages released 4–5 times less prostaglandin E 2 than thromboxane B 2 . In the zymosan-stimulated pulmonary alveolar macrophages, acrolein also induced a reversal in the relative amounts of prostaglandin E 2 and thromboxane B 2 synthesized and released into the culture medium. This reversal was achieved by a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin E 2 synthesis. Although phagocytosis was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, the reduction in prostaglandin E 2 appeared to be partially independent of particle ingestion since thromboxane B 2 synthesis was not affected by low doses of acrolein. In fact, high doses induced a slight enhancement in thromboxane B 2 synthesis. These results suggest that acrolein selectively inhibited the enzyme, prostaglandin endoperoxide E isomerase, necessary for the conversion of the endoperoxide to prostaglandin E 2 . Sulfhydryl reagents such as N -ethylmaleimide and 5,5'-dithiobis ( 2-nitrobenzoic acid ) mimicked acrolein's effects, and reduced glutathione afforded protection against the effects of acrolein. These results indicated the possible involvement of acrolein's sulfhydryl reactivity in the inhibition of the isomerase enzyme. Propionaldehyde had no effect on macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism whereas crotonaldehyde mimicked the effects of acrolein. Pulmonary macrophages were unable to reverse the acrolein effects on arachidonate metabolite synthesis after 6 h in an acrolein-free environment. These data indicated the necessity of the unsaturated carbon bond for the acrolein effects on arachidonic acid metabolism and the relative irreversibility of acrolein's reaction with the macrophage.
Mapping Ordinary Morals onto the Computer Society: A Philosophical Perspective

The use of computers changes the way that individuals relate to one another and to organizations, and it may appear to change rights and responsibilities in these relationships. There is a sharp distinction between the empirical questions and the normative questions that might be raised about the use of computers. It is argued that philosophical, ethical analysis is needed when the moral rules relevant to a situation are not obvious, or when several moral principles come into conflict. Three such areas center around rules regarding property, privacy, and power. Issues surrounding rights of ownership of computer programs are explored; the effects of increasing use of computers on personal privacy and organizational power are examined; and effects on the distribution of power are considered.
The HISS Computer Facility

Increased computing needs of the Heavy Ion Spectrometer System (HISS) at the LBL Bevalac have prompted the design and construction of a dataacquisition/data analysis computer facility. The design incorporates a VAX 11/780 for data analysis along with a PDP 11/45 for data acquisition (via CAMAC). The two machines communicate via a shared 80 megabyte disk. The design also allows the addition of other data acquisition machines sharing the same disk system. The considerations that led to the selected design are presented along with an overview of the planned software systems.
Risk of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by transfusion of blood, plasma, and plasma derivatives.

Studies in experimental animals and case-reports of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) by blood transfusion or by albumin products have raised the possibility that CJD may be transmitted by transfusion. The risk of transmission of CJD by transfusion remains theoretical, since no confirmed case of CJD has ever been causally attributed to the receipt of a blood transfusion, no confirmed case of CJD has developed in recipients of clotting factor concentrates, and no cluster of CJD cases has been reported following the administration of a pooled plasma derivative to which a donor who subsequently developed CJD had contributed. However, based on a review of the hitherto available data, it is impossible to conclude at this time that CJD is not transmitted by blood or plasma transfusion or by the administration of pooled plasma derivatives. This review discusses the findings of the animal experiments and the human studies that investigated the potential for transmission of CJD among humans by transfusion, and explains the statistical difficulties associated with proving the negative hypothesis that CJD is no transmitted by transfusion.
Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: A longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort

Background Choice of follow-up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow-up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers. Materials and Methods We generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow-ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow-up time on the exposure–response relationship. Results The SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma. Conclusions Because summary risk estimates change with follow-up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow-up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:481–489, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Pb/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/Se

Mn-doped diluted magnetic semiconductors are important semiconductor materials and have received much attention due to their application in magnetooptics, spintronics, displays, and lasers. The authors present the magnetic properties of Mn-doped PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) based on electron paramagnetic resonance and superconducting quantum interference device measurements, demonstrating that the electron spin-nuclear spin interactions, hyperfine interactions, in NCs are enhanced due to the quantum confinement effects.
Gaussian ARTMAP: a neural network for fast incremental learning of noisy multidimensional maps

A new neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps is introduced. The architecture, called Gaussian ARTMAP, is a synthesis of a Gaussian classifier and an adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network, achieved by defining the ART choice function as the discriminant function of a Gaussian classifier with separable distributions, and the ART match function as the same, but with the distributions normalized to a unit height. While Gaussian ARTMAP retains the attractive parallel computing and fast learning properties of fuzzy ARTMAP, it learns a more efficient internal representation of a mapping while being more resistant to noise than fuzzy ARTMAP on a number of benchmark databases. SSeveral simulations are presented which demonstrate that Gaussian ARTMAP consistently obtains a better trade-off of classification rate to number of categories than fuzzy ARTMAP. Results on a vowel classification problem are also presented which demonstrate that Gaussian ARTMAP outperforms many other classifiers. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Synergistic Effects of Bombesin and Cholecystokinin on Cholesterol Esterase Biosynthesis and Secretion by Ar42J Cells

Abstract This study used the rat pancreatoma AR42J cells as model to study hormonal regulation of cholesterol esterase biosynthesis. Our previous studies (Y. Huang and D. Y. Hui, 1991, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 6720-6725) have demonstrated that the AR42J cells responded to cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin challenge by increasing cholesterol esterase biosynthesis. The current investigation showed that another gastric peptide hormone, bombesin, was also effective in stimulation of cholesterol esterase biosynthesis. Cholesterol esterase biosynthesis in AR42J cells increased 2- to 3-fold in the presence of 5 to 10 nm bombesin or 4 nm CCK. More significantly, when both bombesin and CCK were added to the incubation medium at these concentrations simultaneously, a 15-fold induction of cholesterol esterase biosynthesis was observed. Slot-blot analysis of RNA isolated from control and hormone-stimulated cells revealed no change in the level of cholesterol esterase mRNA, suggesting the post-transcriptional activation of cholesterol esterase biosynthesis. The synergism between bombesin and CCK was not restricted to cholesterol esterase biosynthesis as the simultaneous addition of the two hormones also dramatically increased amylase secretion by AR42J. The results of these studies indicated that gastric peptide hormones may act in concert to stimulate maximally digestive enzyme biosynthesis. The synergistic effects of bombesin and CCK also suggest that distinctive signal transduction pathways may be responsible for the bombesin and CCK induction of pancreatic protein secretion.
A docked-aware storage architecture for mobile computing

We explore how the power-abundant docked state of mobile devices can be exploited to reduce power consumption during mobile operation and expand the capabilities of portable devices. We propose a storage hierarchy, which includes a hard disk, a large low-power cache, and a docked-aware file system that lowers the average power cost of file access from the disk while retaining the storage capacity of the disk. We investigate how hoarding files in low-power memory during a power-abundant docked state can drastically reduce the power consumption of the hard disk during mobile operation. Using traced-based simulation, we determine the effects on battery run-time of adding the storage architecture to a modern palmtop device--effectively adding mass storage capability to the device. We experiment in the palmtop environment because palmtops are frequently and easily docked, and epitomize the battery and power constraints that face compact, portable devices. Our trace-based simulation shows that up to 86% of power used by the storage subsystem can be recovered using simple hoarding algorithms that cache data during the docked state. This power savings translates into simulated run-times 86%--97% as long as the run-time of a diskless palmtop.
Fluctuating nonlinear hydrodynamics and the liquid-glass transition

We study the fluctuating nonlinear hydrodynamics of compressible fluids. Development of the appropriate field-theoretical description for this problem requires treatment of nonlinearities which arise through the relationship g=\ensuremath{\rho}V, where g is the momentum density, \ensuremath{\rho} is the mass density, and V is the velocity field. We show how this constraint can be naturally included in a field theory of the Martin-Siggia-Rose type. We analyze the structure of the resulting field theory using the available fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We also develop the perturbation-theory expansion in powers of the temperature and evaluate the contributions from the nonlinearities to one-loop order. We show that the theory is renormalizable in the hydrodynamic limit. This field-theoretical model is used to systematically investigate the origins and viability of the nonlinear density feedback mechanism first identified by Leutheusser as a source of the liquid-glass transition. While we find that the nonlinear couplings driving this mechanism are present, we also find contributions, arising from the nonlinear constraint relating g, \ensuremath{\rho}, and V, which cut off the mechanism. The cutoff arises from a nonhydrodynamic correction not treated in previous work. While we find that there is no sharp transition, we do find evidence for a rounded version of the transition.
High-performance Chromatographic determination of pilocarpine and pilocarpic acid in ocular tissues

Abstract High-performance liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) procedures were developed for determination of pilocarpine and its major metabolite, pilocarpic acid, in ocular tissues. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an octadecyl reverse-phase column. The mobile phase consisted of 97% (v/v) water, 3% (v/v) methanol. and 5% (w/v) potassium dihydrogen phosphate. At a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and by monitoring UV absorbance at 215 nm, the retention times for pilocarpine and pilocarpic acid are approximately 18 and 10 min, respectively. In addition, a method to extract pilocarpine and pilocarpic acid from ocular tissues prior to chromatography has been developed and applied to routine tissue drug analysis. This assay method is able to detect 20 ng of compound and is shown to be linear in the range 1–50 μg/ml. With this level of sensitivity, tissues from three eyes need to be pooled, extracted, and assayed in order to monitor pilocarpine and pilocarpic acid ocular disposition.
On the Structure of Financial Accounting Standards to Support Digital Representation, Storage, and Retrieval

This paper provides a first look at structuring financial accounting standards to support information retrieval where document content is subject to frequent changes. The continual amendment of financial accounting standards results in the distribution of the specification of many accounting rules across multiple documents. Digital representation of financial accounting standards is suggested as an effective means toward improving the access to the standards. XML document type definitions (DTDs) are used to specify the grammar for the structure as well as the content of the financial accounting standards. The design of the DTDs reveals significant deficiencies in the current structure of financial accounting standards that preclude automation of retrieval schemes that incorporate temporal reconstruction. The deficiencies also include the lack of a hierarchical structure and a both consistent and sound arrangement. Suggestions are made for changing the structure and content of financial accounting standard...
Longitudinal Comparison of Sexual Function After 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy or Prostate Brachytherapy

ABSTRACTPurpose: The risk of erectile dysfunction can influence treatment decisions for localized prostate cancer. To estimate the risk from 2 popular radiotherapies we compared erectile function and overall satisfaction with sexual function after 3-dimensional (D) conformal radiation therapy and transperineal prostate brachytherapy.Materials and Methods: A total of 128 patients with prostate cancer underwent 3-D conformal radiation therapy (median dose 70.2 Gy. to the planning target volume) and 60 underwent 103palladium transperineal prostate brachytherapy (median dose 90 or 115 Gy. to 80% of the prostate with or without external nonconformal beam radiation therapy. Of the 128 patients 47 (37%) also received a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist (3 to 4 months), whereas 26 (43%) of the 60 patients received external beam radiation therapy and LH-RH (8 to 9 months). We evaluated erectile function and overall satisfaction with questions from validated, self-administered questionnaires. Pa...
Benefit-Cost Implications of Acid Rain Controls: An Evaluation of the NAPAP Integrated Assessment

Concluding ten years of study, the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) recently issued its integrated assessment report designed to provide guidance to policy makers on the ...
Maintaining legitimacy using external communication strategies: An analysis of police-media relations

Police organizations must strategically control their external environment in order to maintain organizational legitimacy. Exploiting their relationship with the news media is one way to accomplish this goal effectively. Despite the documented importance of crime, justice, and social control as a news topic, there is a limited understanding of the variables driving how police and media evaluate this relationship. This study used data collected from a national sample of police media personnel to fill this gap, and concluded that the police and media valued their interdependent relationship, but for different reasons. Police public information officers recognize the power of the media and attempt to use this power to promote the organization. News personnel are satisfied because the police provide data so they can easily produce crime stories. The implications for understanding how police organizations control their external organization are discussed.