cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after kidney transplantation: response to comments by Straatmann and Vehaskari.

1. Straatmann C, Vehaskari M (2016) Comments on Trachtman et al.: Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after kidney transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. doi:10.1007/s00467-015-3244-x 2. Trachtman R, Sran SS, TrachtmanH (2015) Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after kidney transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 30:1793–1802. doi:10.1007/s00467-015-3062-1 3. Straatmann C, Kallash M, Killackey M, Iorember F, Aviles D, Bamgbola O, Carson T, Florman S, Vehaskari MV (2014) Success with plasmapheresis treatment for recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 18(1):29–34
Surface Modifications on Charge-Transfer Complexes Using Scanning Probe Microscopy

We are exploring high density information storage systems based on organometallic materials. Silver and copper salts of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and its derivatives exhibit an electrical and optical field induced reversible switching phenomenon. We have demonstrated a field-induced, charge-transfer reaction driven by the electric field at the STM tip when the field generated by the STM exceeds the switching threshold of the organic charge-transfer complex. The phase transition induced by the STM tip appears as nanometer-sized domains on the metal-TCNQ and derivatives surface. We also have shown this phase transition occur by means of optical laser irradiation. This paper discusses our plans to combine our research results in optical switching with the scanning near-field optical microscope (NSOM) to develop a very high density optical memory system. In order to assess the feasibility of this, we performed a series of experiments aimed at determining the limitations of information storage using this class of organic charge transfer complexes.
Mechanical Characterization of a Nanotube-Polyethylene Composite Material

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as the matrix material for a carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites. Multi-wall carbon nanotube composite films were fabricated using the melt processing method. Composite samples with 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% nanotube content by weight were tested. The mechanical properties of the films were measured by the small punch test and wear resistance was measured with a block-on-ring wear tester. Results show increases in the stiffness, peak load, work-to-failure and wear resistance with increasing nanotube content.© 2003 ASME
Ultrafast TRIR and DFT Studies of the Photochemical Dynamics of Co4(CO)12 in Solution

The photochemical rearrangement dynamics of Co4(CO)12 were studied using picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. In cyclohexane and CH2Cl2 solvents, monitoring the kinetics of absorptions i...
The Pathogenesis of Hypophyseal Fibrosis in Aging: Its Relationship to Tissue Iron Deposition

An investigation was made of 101 hypophyses from male and female human subjects dying from unrelated diseases. Careful microscopic examination revealed that fibrous replacement of the gland begins after the fourth decade. There is a gradual increase in iron deposition in this connective tissue after the 4th decade. It is suggested that the fibrous replacement of the hypophysis is a consequence of repeated bouts of passive congestion with diapedesis of red cells through the walls of anoxic capillaries. This pattern is akin to that of brown induration of the lung. In this manner, the active cells of the hypophysis may gradually be replaced by collagenous tissue. Because of the inherent slowness of this process, the gland seems to adapt quite well to a reduction in functional elements, thus circumventing significant clinical effects.
Postdissolution Gallstone Recurrence A Clinical Perspective

The intuitive assumption that gallstones will rapidly recur in all patients is clearly incorrect. At least 50% of patients do not develop stones within three to five years of complete dissolution, and the risk may decrease after the first two or three years. This is not so surprising when one considers the complexity of the pathogenic process. Bile must be sufficiently supersaturated with cholesterol, an imbalance in nucleating and antinucleating factors must occur, at least transiently, and, for some patients, a defect in gallbladder emptying may be necessary. Occasionally, pathogenic mechanisms that had been present, eg, estrogens, obesity, or medications such as clofibrate, may no longer be active. The best method to reduce the risk of recurrence is to reverse one or more of the essential pathogenic mechanisms. Desaturating bile in cholesterol by oral therapy with a bile acid such as ursodiol should be effective. A search for other safe, effective, and cost-effective approaches persists, eg, for novel bile acids resistant to bacterial degradation and for various dietary regimens. Alteration of cholesterol nucleation with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents is also under investigation. In addition, enhancement of gallbladder emptying is an interesting approach that is worth studying. If stones do recur, the course of action is not always clear. Recurrent stones are usually "silent," and we do not usually treat asymptomatic stones. These small cholesterol stones are temptingly easy to dissolve, however. At least in those patients whose level of surgical risk would be high if symptoms developed, prophylactic dissolution therapy may be desirable.
Teori “Innefabilitas” Menurut Allamah Thabataba’i

Abstract : This essay will attempt to explain some of the theories of inneffability of Allamah Thabataba’i, as in an earlier work we have explained the same concept as viewed by both W. Stace and William James. Some of the issues will be outlined in this article, that is whether the absolute can be expressed ? If wahdāh al-wujūd (unity of being) asserts absoluteness, does this mean that there is no language that can describe it ? Then what exactly is the meaning of innefability ? What does it mean that the experience of wahdāh al-wujūd can not be conceptualized, nor can it be described, nor can it be logical ? If so, where then do words such as innefability, paradox and ‘absolute’ originate from? What does it mean that this is unattainable by reason? This work will reveal that the experience of the absolutely wahdāh al-wujūd can be expressed generally not in detail, by means that diﬀ ers from peripatetic logic. Keywords : Ineffability, unconceptualized, irrational, reason, potential fantacy Abstrak : Tulisan ini mencoba memaparkan beberapa konsep innefabilitas, menurut Allamah Thabataba’i, di mana pada tulisan sebelumnya kami mengutarakan beberapa konsep innefabilitas dalam pandangan W.Stace dan William James. Beberapa persoalan yang akan diuraikan dalam tulisan ini adalah apakah absolut dapat diekspresikan ? jika wahdāh al-wujūd melazimkan keabsolutan apakah hal ini berarti bahwa tak ada bahasa yang dapat menggambarkan konsep wahdāh al-wujūd ? lalu apa sebenarnya makna dari innefabilitas ? apakah maksudnya bahwa pengalaman irfani wahdāh al-wujūd tidak bisa dikonsepsikan, ataukah tidak bisa dipahami, ataukah tidak bisa dilogikakan ? jika demikian, lalu kata seperti tak terbatas, tak terhingga, paradoks, dan kata ‘absolut’ ini muncul dari mana ? apakah maksud dari innefabilitas bahwa akal tak mampu menjangkaunya karena sudah diluar tapal batas akal? tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman irfani wahdāh al-wujūd yang absolut dan tak terbatas dapat diekspresikan secara global namun tidak secara terperinci, namun akal yang digunakan bukan lagi akal paripatetik. Kata kunci : Innefabilitas, ketidakmungkinan-dikonsepsikan, irrasioanal, akal, potensi fantasi
Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI.

Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI
Where has “Japanese women’s language” gone?: Notes on language and political economy in the age of control societies

During the 1990s Japan’s economy, inflated by speculation, collapsed and a decades-long recession began. Contributing to this special section that revisits the paradigm of language and political economy, this essay discusses the new semiotic condition that has emerged in postbubble Japanese society. Taking a cue from Gilles Deleuze’s notion of control societies, I will specifically focus on the fate of “Japanese women’s language,” or a set of speech forms exclusively associated with femaleness. This essay will ask what has happened to “women’s language” as the society shifts from disciplinary society (Foucault) to control society (Deleuze).
On Trade as a Central Feature of Society

If the state is not central to social action, can anything else stand in the center? Trade is suggested as a substitute. It is observed that trade persists on a small scale even under communism. The power of comparative advantage is reviewed, and its implications for political theory are examined. Given the persistence, if not the centrality, of trade, the remaining question is simply the place that is allowed for it according to the institutions of a given society. Capitalism is examined as that type of production which depends for its success on the prospect of large-scale trade; institutions enabling capitalism may exist in a wide variety of social settings.
Wedding Ceremonies of Turkestan in Periodical Press in the End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Centuries

Sanobar Shandmanova's article discusses criticism of Muslim wedding rites by Turkestani jadids after publications appeared in local press in the late 19 th and the early 20 th centuries. The author shows that in their progressist discourse followers of the jadid movement explicitly opposed local tradition of excessive costs of wedding ceremonies they believed too heavy to pay as it concerned ordinary people whose income was insufficient for such a purpose. Shadmanova emphasizes actuality of this modernist and rational argumentation remaining until now, when the tradition of expensive wedding festivals is coming back.
Robotic Pulmonary Resection Using a Completely Portal Four-Arm Technique

This chapter reviews the surgical technique and definitions of robotic pulmonary resection. The early outcomes are presented, and they suggest that robotic pulmonary resection is safe, feasible, reproducible, and teachable. The early outcomes clearly show advantages over open techniques.
Month-long, In-home Case Study of a Socially Assistive Robot for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Research in socially assistive robotics (SAR) has shown potential to supplement expensive and sometimes inaccessible therapy for children affected with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, due to practical constraints, most SAR research has been limited to short-term studies in controlled environments. In this report, we present a 30-day, in-home case study of a fully autonomous SAR intervention designed for children with ASD and discuss its insights into the value of personalized, long-term, and situated interaction.
Automatic Recognition of Hygiene Activities and Personalized Interventions for Chronic Care

The number of individuals living with chronic conditions continues to rise. As a result, a significant emphasis has been placed on both improving their quality of life as well as decreasing the cost and burden of caring for them. One particularly promising avenue for achieving this is the use of wearable devices, as they have become both affordable and reliable in recognizing fitness activities. However, while the existing algorithms reliably recognize physically intensive activities (e.g., walking vs. swimming), they fail to recognize personal hygiene actives that have more subtle differences (e.g., brushing teeth vs. washing hands). This research aims to develop novel features and intelligent, multi-stage algorithms that can reliably recognize such personal hygiene activities for chronic care. Additionally, we aim to further supplement this activity recognition with personalized interventions that enable individuals to manage their own personal health.
An examination of the rigor and value of final scholarly projects completed by DNP nursing students.

Abstract Background Final scholarly projects are the culmination of the DNP educational process and as such reflect the achievement of doctoral level scholarship that prepares graduates to be leaders in providing high quality, accessible health care and creating health care systems that are effective and responsive to the needs of a diverse population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the rigor and value of final scholarly projects being produced by DNP graduates in the United States. Methods Using the DNP Project Critical Appraisal Tool (DNP-PCAT) we appraised 65 DNP practice projects consecutively selected from online repositories and the ProQuest dissertation/theses database. Findings The mean total score for all projects was 78.27 out of a possible 141. Substantive problems were identified in all 16 components of the DNP-PCAT. Particularly concerning was a lack of critical evaluation of implementation and outcomes in many projects, including invalid data analysis. Conclusions The mean total score of 78.28, which is only 56% of the possible maximum score, and substantive problems identified, indicates that continued work is needed to ensure that DNP programs are universally graduating students prepared for rigorous practice-scholarship.
Identification and Quantification of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Bile Acid-Binding Capacity of Garnet Stem Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) var. Garnet Stem was harvested from Texas and New Jersey for identification, quantification of phytochemicals, measurement of free radical scavenging activity, and bile acid binding capacity. The red midrib and petioles were extracted with methanol or ethanol and with or without water in combination with four different acids such as formic, hydrochloric, acetic, and citric acid. LC‐ESI‐HR‐QTOF‐MS was used to identify four anthocyanins including cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐(6‐malonyl)‐glucoside (A‐1), cyanidin‐3‐(6‐malonyl)‐glucoside (A‐2), and peonidin‐3‐(malonyl)‐glucoside for the 1st time. In New Jersey samples, vitamin C and β‐carotene were highest in the leaf blades versus whole leaf and petioles. Samples from Texas had highest amount of lutein, violaxanthin, and chlorophyll a and b in leaf blades versus whole leaf and petioles. Maximum DPPH free scavenging activity was found in MeOH: water: acid (80:19:1) and the combination of FA with EtOH: water: acid (80:19:1) demonstrated the higher level of total phenolic. Among six bile acids, sodium chenodeoxycholate was bound maximum in both Texas and New Jersey samples. This is the first report of anthocyanin identification from the midvein and petiole of Garnet Stem dandelion and results suggested that the phytochemicals and nutrients are highest in the leaf but may vary the amount depending on harvest location. Four anthocyanins in the red midrib and petioles of Garnet Stem could be a potential source for antioxidants and can be used as a source of natural food color.
The quantitative determination of phenylalanine hydroxylase in rat tissues. Its developmental formation in liver

A sensitive method was developed for determining the phenylalanine hydroxylase activity of crude tissue preparations in the presence of optimum concentrations of the 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin cofactor (with ascorbate or dithiothreitol to maintain its reduced state) and substrate. Tissue distribution studies showed that, in addition to the liver, the kidney also contains significant phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, one-sixth (in rats) or half (in mice) as much per g as does the liver. The liver and the kidney enzyme have similar kinetic properties; both were located in the soluble phase and were inhibited by the nucleo-mitochondrial fraction. Phenylalanine hydroxylase, like most rat liver enzymes concerned with amino acid catabolism, develops late. On the 20th day of gestation, the liver (and the kidney) is devoid of phenylalanine hydroxylase and at birth contains 20% of the adult activity. During the second postnatal week of development, when the phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was about 40% of the adult value, an injection of cortisol doubled this value. Cortisol had no significant effect on phenylalanine hydroxylase in adult liver or on phenylalanine hydroxylase in kidney at any age.
Wound Healing Angiogenesis: The Metabolic Basis of Repair

Angiogenesis, a critical component of tissue repair, leads to increased oxygenation and endothelial permeability. This improves tissue energetics, enhances the effect of recruited cytokines, and improves protein transport to and from the wound site. We propose metabolic conditions in the wound mediate much of the cellular and cytokine response. We will describe this milieu and further introduce a novel metabolic regulatory mechanism capable of sensing the redox state of tissues and mediating the response. This system acts through Adenosine diphospho ribosylation (ADPR) which mediates hypoxic and lactate induction of critical metabolic events in wound repair including angiogenesis. This is specifically relevant to wound angiogenesis because conditions of hypoxia and elevated lactate coexist in wounds.
Long-term follow-up for multiple sclerosis patients initially treated with interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate.

Abstract Objective Our goal was to compare subjects treated with glatiramer acetate (GA) and interferon-beta (IFN-β) in terms of long-term clinical outcomes. Methods Subjects enrolled in the CLIMB who initiated either GA or IFN-β within five years of disease onset and prior to 2008 were identified (n = 150 for GA and n = 144 for IFN-β). The two treatment groups were compared in terms of long-term clinical outcomes: time to EDSS 4, time to EDSS 6 and EDSS score seven years after treatment initiation. Baseline confounders included in our analysis were age, gender, disease duration, attacks in the previous year, EDSS prior to treatment initiation, and year of treatment initiation. The groups were compared using three approaches to handle confounders: multiple regression adjusting for confounders, adjustment for the propensity score, and inverse probability of treatment weighting. In addition, we assessed potential predictors of differential treatment response using multiple regression models including appropriate interaction terms. Results Subjects initially treated with GA had a slightly higher hazard of reaching EDSS 4 and EDSS 6, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (adjusted HR for EDSS 4 = 1.48; 95% CI: 0.77,2.84; p = .24; adjusted HR for EDSS 6 = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.70,3.05; p = .316). For the EDSS score at year 7, there was also only a small difference between the groups. Subjects treated with GA had a longer time until treatment cessation (adjusted HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53,0.93; p = .012). The interaction models did not show strong evidence for the baseline predictors being associated with treatment response. Conclusions Subjects treated with glatiramer acetate and interferon-beta had similar long-term clinical course.
Review of “Imaging Anatomy of the Human Spine: A Comprehensive Atlas Including Adjacent Structures,” by Scott E. Foreseen and Neil M. Borden

Dr. Scott Forseen’s first words in the preface of this book are “To my mind, the spine is a constant source of wonderment.” This statement is proven true over and over throughout this text. Dr. For...
Computational Models for Cancer Phylogenetics

Cancer development has long been recognized as a product of aberrant evolution of cell populations, inspiring the idea that phylogenetic algorithms could be a powerful tool for reconstructing progression processes in cancer. Translating that intuition into practice, however, has required extensive work on adapting phylogenetic models and algorithms to represent more accurately the many ways tumor evolution is distinct from classic species evolution. The result has been a large and growing body of problems and theory on phylogenetics as it applies specifically to cancers. This chapter surveys some of the key ideas and variants on phylogeny problem that have arisen in the development of tumor phylogeny methods. Its purpose is to introduce readers to some of the space of approaches in current practice in phylogenetics and help them appreciate how models have developed, and continue to develop, to better capture the peculiar nature of evolution in cancers.
Revisiting the role of lymph node dissection in renal cell carcinoma.

Lymph node dissection (LND) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is accepted as the most accurate and reliable staging procedure. Yet, in recent years, there has been a gradual decline in use of LND across Europe and the United States (1,2). This is likely due to its limited therapeutic benefit as LND has not been shown to improve overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) (3). Currently, guidelines recommend LND only in patients with palpable or enlarged lymph nodes detected on preoperative imaging (4). Additionally, the extent of LND remains controversial. Few urologists in the United States (6.6%) remove more than 5 lymph nodes during radical nephrectomy (2). The negative predictive value of a limited LND is not well defined.
Efficient 5-OP-RU-induced enrichment of Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in the murine lung does not enhance control of aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset in mammals that recognize microbial vitamin B metabolites presented by the evolutionarily conserved MHC I-related molecule MR1. Emerging data suggest that MAIT cells may be an attractive target for vaccine-induced protection against bacterial infections because of their rapid cytotoxic responses at mucosal services to a widely conserved bacterial ligand. In this study, we tested whether a MAIT cell priming strategy could protect against aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in mice. Intranasal co-stimulation with the lipopeptide TLR 2/6 agonist, Pam2Cys (P2C), and the synthetic MR1 ligand, 5-OP-RU, resulted in robust expansion of MAIT cells in lung. Although MAIT cell priming significantly enhanced MAIT cell activation and expansion early after Mtb challenge, these MAIT cells did not restrict Mtb bacterial load. MAIT cells were depleted later in infection, with decreased detection of granzyme B+ and IFNγ+ MAIT cells relative to uninfected P2C/5-OP-RU-treated mice. Decreasing the infectious inoculum, varying the time between priming and aerosol infection, and testing MAIT cell priming in NOS2 deficient mice all failed to reveal an effect of P2C/5-OP-RU induced MAIT cells on Mtb control. We conclude that intranasal MAIT cell priming in mice induces early MAIT cell activation and expansion after Mtb exposure, without attenuating M. tuberculosis growth, suggesting that Mtb evades MAIT cell-dependent immunity.
High School Value-Added and Labor Market Outcomes

This paper contributes to the sparse literature on the lasting impact of teacher and school value-added on adult outcomes by estimating value-added scores for high schools and linking these scores to a student-level dataset on college performance. After controlling for detailed student and high school characteristics, one standard deviation increase in high school value-added increases the probability of graduating from college by six percentage points and final GPA by 0.05-0.08 points on a 4.0 scale. Most of the GPA impact occurs in early semesters. There is some evidence that the impact may be largest for male students and Black students.
High-Dose Erythropoietin in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates Does Not Alter Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Introduction The Preterm Erythropoietin (Epo) Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial sought to determine the safety and efficacy of early high-dose Epo as a potential neuroprotective treatment. We hypothesized that Epo would not increase the incidence or severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A total of 941 infants born between 24-0/7 and 27-6/7 weeks' gestation were randomized to 1,000 U/kg Epo or placebo intravenously for 6 doses, followed by subcutaneous or sham injections of 400 U/kg Epo 3 times a week through 32 weeks post-menstrual age. In this secondary analysis of PENUT trial data, survivors were evaluated for ROP. A modified intention-to-treat approach was used to compare treatment groups. In addition, risk factors for ROP were evaluated using regression methods that account for multiples and allow for adjustment for treatment and gestational age at birth. Results Of 845 subjects who underwent ROP examination, 503 were diagnosed with ROP with similar incidence and severity between treatment groups. Gestational age at birth, birth weight, prenatal magnesium sulfate, maternal antibiotic exposure, and presence of heart murmur at 2 weeks predicted the development of any ROP, while being on high-frequency oscillator or high-frequency jet ventilation (HFOV/HFJV) at 2 weeks predicted severe ROP. Conclusion Early high-dose Epo followed by maintenance dosing through 32 weeks does not increase the risk of any or severe ROP in extremely low gestational age neonates. Gestational age, birth weight, maternal treatment with magnesium sulfate, antibiotic use during pregnancy, and presence of a heart murmur at 2 weeks were associated with increased risk of any ROP. Treatment with HFOV/HFJV was associated with an increased risk of severe ROP.
Chapter 12: Tennis Whites, Catsuits, and Fringe; Women’s Tennis Apparel

Examining media coverage of what women tennis players from different places around the world wear—from the staid to the outlandish—to offering insights into media discourses about female athletes as ornamental.
When Animus Matters and Sex Offense Underreporting Does Not: The Sex Offender Registry Regime

In Romer v. Evans the Court drew a constitutional distinction between civil laws enacted for a broad public purpose that justifies “the incidental disadvantages they impose on certain persons,” and laws that have “the peculiar property of imposing a broad and undifferentiated disability on a single named group”. Laws of the second kind “raise the inevitable inference that the disadvantage imposed is born of animosity toward the class of persons affected.” The difficulty lies in deciding when the inference properly becomes a conclusion that the law violates the Equal Protection Clause. The more sweeping and unusual the burdens imposed on the targeted group, the more difficult it may be to discern a common policy explaining them other than the forbidden purpose of harming their targets. At some point the animus inference becomes strong enough to require scrutiny of the laws’ purported rationale, including whether it has any actual basis in fact. An astonishingly broad array of burdens are imposed today on anyone ever convicted of almost any sexual offense of any kind or seriousness, including but extending far beyond inclusion in publicized websites listing “sex offenders.” No similar regime has ever been imposed on any other group of law-abiding former felons who have fully served the sentence for the crime they committed years earlier. This “registry regime” raises an inference of animus at least as strong as in any of the four cases in which the Court sustained such claims, and the explanation that the laws are justified by the clearly valid purpose of reducing the incidence of sexual offending does not survive the scrutiny of scientific studies which find the registry ineffective and often counterproductive. Nor does the fact that many sexual offenses are never reported to law enforcement authorities cast doubt on the validity of those studies or on the legal or policy analyses that employ them. Much of the registry regime must therefore fall under an Anti-Animus principle.
Evidence of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes Miletus (T1D). Urinary markers of renal damage or oxidative stress may signal early stages of DN. The association of these markers with blood pressure (BP) patterns and glycemic variability (GV) in children is yet to be explored. Methods: Subjects between the ages of 10 and 21 years with T1D were enrolled. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were performed on each subject. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for albumin, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and pentosidine. Results: The study included 21 subjects (62% female) with median age of 16.8 (IQR: 14.5, 18.9). Median HbA1C was 8.4 (IQR: 7.5, 9.3). While microalbuminuria was negative in all but one participant (4.8%), urinary NGAL/Cr and pentosidine/Cr ratios were significantly elevated (P<0.001) in diabetic patients despite having normal microalbuminuria, and they correlated significantly with level of microalbumin/Cr (r=0.56 [CI: 0.17, 0.8] and r=0.79 [CI: 0.54, 0.91], respectively). Using ABPM, none had hypertension, however, poor nocturnal systolic BP dipping was found in 48% of participants (95% CI: 28-68%). Urinary NGAL/Cr negatively correlated with nocturnal SBP dipping (r=-0.47, CI: -0.76, -0.03). Urine NGAL/Cr also showed a significant negative correlation with HbA1c measurements, mean blood glucose, and high blood glucose index (r=-0.51 [CI: -0.78, -0.09], r=-0.45 [CI: -0.74, -0.03], and r=-0.51 [CI: -0.77, -0.1], respectively). Median urinary NGAL/Cr and pentosidine/Cr ratios were higher in the high GV group but were not significantly different. Discussion: This pilot study explores the role of ABPM and urinary markers of tubular health and oxidative stress in early detection of diabetic nephropathy. GV may play a role in the process of this diabetic complication.
What is Netflix imperialism? Interrogating the monopoly aspirations of the ‘World's largest television network’

Building on the controversial charge of Netflix imperialism made in 2019 by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation president Catherine Tait, this piece attempts to develop a theoretical and technical fr...
HRD1-mediated METTL14 degradation regulates m6A mRNA modification to suppress ER proteotoxic liver disease.

Summary Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen triggers an unfolded protein response (UPR) for stress adaptation, the failure of which induces cell apoptosis and tissue/organ damage. The molecular switches underlying how the UPR selects for stress adaptation over apoptosis remain unknown. Here, we discovered that accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins selectively induces N6-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 (METTL14) expression. METTL14 promotes C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA decay through its 3′ UTR N6-methyladenosine (m6A) to inhibit its downstream pro-apoptotic target gene expression. UPR induces METTL14 expression by competing against the HRD1-ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery to block METTL14 ubiquitination and degradation. Therefore, mice with liver-specific METTL14 deletion are highly susceptible to both acute pharmacological and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-induced ER proteotoxic stress and liver injury. Further hepatic CHOP deletion protects METTL14 knockout mice from ER-stress-induced liver damage. Our study reveals a crosstalk between ER stress and mRNA m6A modification pathways, termed the ERm6A pathway, for ER stress adaptation to proteotoxicity.
Magnetic Force Microscopy Studies of Magnetic Features and Nanostructures

The study of small magnetic features and nanostructures has attracted much attention due to interest in both technological applications and fundamental research in micromagnetism. For their characterization, a visualization technique with high lateral resolution is required. Among the wealth of techniques, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has become a powerful tool for visualizing submicron-sized domain structures. This is mainly due to its ease of use without any specific sample preparation and the high lateral resolution of a few 10 nm. MFM is a sensitive and useful technique for direct observation of magnetic domains and their magnetic behavior, which can help elucidate properties of magnetic films and nanostructures. This chapter reviews MFM techniques and applications that demonstrate the achievement of MFM in magnetic materials and nanoscience research. The review focuses on the current MFM study involved with magnetic features and nanostructures, including magnetic interactions in nanostructured thin films and nanomagnetic patterns with special emphasis on the recent research in micromagnetism acquiring from our SPM laboratory.
Wall Street's Obsession with Bonuses

The common adage – “money is the root of all evil” – is a mistranslation of a phrase from St. Paul’s first Epistle to Timothy. “Radix omnium malorum est cupiditas” means “the love of money is the root of all evil”. Cupidity, or avarice, is one of the seven deadly sins – “not merely a wrongful act, but a disposition that corrupts the soul and serves as the occasion of additional sins”. This insidious mistranslation shifts the source of evil away from the subject of the sin (the lover of money) – to its object (the beloved money), thereby implicitly relieving the sinner of his responsibility. To Immanuel Kant any such attempt to shift blame is itself a form of “radical” evil – that is, a banal evil that lies at the root (radix) of all human action. Nevertheless, when viewed through the prism of the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan, the mistranslation of Paul is unintentionally insightful. The pricking of the real estate bubble and subsequent market meltdown in 2008 looks crazy in the colloquial sense of the term. From the perspective of psychoanalysis, however, Wall Street culture exhibits a specific pathology – obsessiveness. What does market madness have to do with the evil of money? An obsessive obsesses about obtaining an object because he subjectively experiences it as the cause of his desire. Obsession is insatiable because it is deluded. The obsessive does not really desire the object, but something else he can not admit to himself – the love of others. The pursuit of the object is a fool’s errand that can spin out of control leading to a breakdown and paralysis. To Wall Street “traders”, the annual “bonus” can function as the object cause of desire. As such, although money is not the root of all evil, it can function as the cause of some very destructive behavior. In this Article, I examine the ethics of the trader culture. I do not, however, attack capitalism per se. Nor do I consider the social, political, economic or legal implications of the size of Wall Street compensation or income disparity in this country. Rather, I address the obsessional logic of the bonus.
Central Body of the Azotobacter Cyst

Abstract Parker, Laura T. (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge), and M. D. Socolofsky. Central body of the Azotobacter cyst. J. Bacteriol. 91:297–303. 1966.—Sodium citrate was found to effect extensive rupture of cyst coats of Azotobacter vinelandii. By filtering a citrate-ruptured cyst suspension through a Millipore microfiber glass prefilter, a preparation of viable central bodies was obtained that contained less than 1% residual cysts and vegetative cells. Electron micrographs showed the central bodies to have a cell wall and cell membrane. Free central bodies germinated into typical vegetative cells. Central bodies exhibited approximately the same resistance to ultraviolet radiation, sonic treatment, and elevated temperatures as did vegetative cells; cysts were much more resistant. Manometric experiments indicated that central bodies and cysts have almost the same oxidative capabilities. Results of resistance studies indicated that the central body is a contracted vegetative cell encased in a protective coat. The cyst coat appears to account for the resistance of the cyst.
The ICTY as a Realist Institution: International Courts, Accountability Networks, and Transitional Justice

International institutions, such as international criminal courts, are often given mandates without the authority or resources to enforce those directives. Given this, how do international criminal courts try to achieve their objectives? We argue that in the case of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the court has created an “accountability network” of governmental and non-governmental organizations that work in overlapping, reinforcing ways to try to push Balkan states to change their behavior. Utilizing correspondence data from the ICTY, we create a unique dataset that allows us to demonstrate how the court has engaged in extensive outreach to create an accountability network of public and private organizations that work in separate but overlapping ways to influence policies and behavior in the Balkans. We continue this analysis using case studies and process tracing to show how governmental actors taken on the ICTY’s goals as their own and similarly try to get Balkans states to comply with ICTY dictates.
Doubled Field Theory, T-Duality and Courant-Brackets

In these lecture notes we give a simple introduction into double field theory. We show that the presence of momentum and winding excitations in toroidal backgrounds of closed string theory makes it natural to consider double field theories. A tool-kit is developed based on the Courant-bracket and generalized Lie derivatives. We construct a background independent action which represents a T-duality covariantization of the Einstein-Hilbert action for gravity coupled to an antisymmetric tensor field and a dilaton.
Separate source and channel rate selection for video over ATM

Summary form only given. Rate control is essential to ensure high quality video transmission over asynchronous transfer mode networks: source and channel rates cannot violate buffer or network traffic constraints. To date, source and channel rate selection have been performed jointly because the rates appear to be interdependent. However these rates can be separated, allowing sequential source and channel rate selection without the need for iteration. This work considers source and channel rate selection for variable-bit-rate (VBR) video coding subject to both buffer and channel constraints (known as C-VBR) for real-time transmission over an ATM network with a leaky bucket (LB) traffic policing mechanism. Source rates are selected to minimize distortion variation (MDV) to achieve consistent video quality while channel rates are selected to submit smooth traffic to the network. It has been previously shown that VBR rate control can be simplified to constant-bit-rate (CBR) rate control using the concept of the virtual buffer (i.e., the encoder buffer combined with the LB). This work shows that a similar simplification can be made for MDV rate control by additionally allowing virtual buffer underflow.
Comparison of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma genomes reveals distinct regions of amplification on chromosome 3q

879 Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major disease type, with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) as the two main sub-types. SqCC and AC are distinguished by differences in their histopathological and molecular characteristics: SqCC develops more rapidly and is located in the central airways, whereas AC is thought to originate from the epithelium of the lung periphery. Previous findings suggest that, although a similar degree of genetic imbalance exists for AC and SqCC, each type is characterized by a unique pattern of genomic imbalance. Objective: To comprehensively identify the underlying differences in genetic alteration patterns between SqCC and AC, we performed genome-wide tiling resolution array CGH analysis. Novel variations in copy number detected by this high resolution technology may reveal cancer-related loci and will provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. Design, Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from 15 AC cell lines and 9 SqCC cell lines. Sample DNA and a pooled reference genomic DNA sample were differentially labeled and applied to the submegabase resolution tiling-set (SMRT) array for CGH analysis. This array consists of >32,000 overlapping human bacterial artificial chromosome clones that span the entire human genome, allowing true genome-wide assessment of copy number changes for a given sample. SMRT array data was assessed using multiple software applications (SeeGH, weighted frequency, aCGH smooth) and alterations in identified regions are presently be validated by fluorescent in situ hybridization using loci specific probes. Results: In total, 24 whole genome array CGH profiles of lung cancer cell lines were generated. Numerous novel, subtype-specific chromosomal alterations were observed. This included differences of alteration at chromosome arms 2q, 6q, 8q, 9q, 12q, 13q and 16p. Of specific interest were the different locations of chromosomal amplification at 3q in the sub-types. AC showed frequent gains between 3q13 and 3q22 while SqCC displayed a similar frequency at 3q23-3q26. These regions have previously been implicated in lung cancer but not mapped according to sub-type. Further analysis of genes within distinct altered regions will determine if these loci help drive the development of different lung cancer subtypes. Conclusions: Tiling resolution array CGH analysis of AC and SqCC lung cancers revealed both shared and subtype-specific regions of DNA copy aberration, suggesting that differences in tumor genomes help define distinct disease subtypes. Further characterization of the novel aberrations and minimal regions we have identified will implicate additional genes in the two tumorigenesis processes and help tailor disease diagnosis. Supported by NCI SPORE CA 70907, NCI Contract N01-85188 and Genome Canada
When Threat Mobilizes: Immigration Enforcement and Latino Voter Turnout

Immigration enforcement, and deportation in particular, has been shown to have social and psychological effects on the non-deported as well, but its political effects have gone largely unexamined. I use the staggered implementation of Secure Communities, an information-sharing program between the federal government and local law enforcement, to estimate the short-term effects of stricter immigration enforcement on Latino voter turnout. A difference-in-differences analysis indicates that enrollment in Secure Communities led to an increase in county-level Latino voter turnout of 2–3 percentage points. This relatively large effect appears due to greater Latino activism in the wake of program implementation, rather than individuals responding to particular police interactions. These results extend the existing literature on mobilization in response to threat, demonstrate that policies can have far-reaching and unexpected political implications, and suggest that the current immigration debate may have major consequences for the future makeup of the American electorate.
Build It and S/He Will Come: A Reflection on Five Years in a Purpose-Built Special Collections Space

The Special Collections of the Robert B . Haas Family Arts Library at Yale University have existed in their current state only since the fall of 2008, when the physically separate components of the Arts Library moved into a renovated space that bridges two conjoined buildings, Paul Rudolph Hall 1 and the new Loria Center, both projects by Gwathmey Siegel & Associates. The Arts Library itself was only ten years old at that point, formed from the Art+Architecture Library, the Drama Library, the Classics Library, the Arts of the Book Collection, and the Visual Resources Collection. These smaller units banded together . . .
Conducting descriptive and analytical research with the immigration and naturalization service public use tapes

For many years the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) has published annual data on persons admitted to the U.S. as legal resident aliens. Only relatively recently has INS begun to make its microdata files available. This paper concerns the INS Public Use Tapes including a detailed description of the information available on them an account of the frequency and severity of certain flaws in the data and a discussion of possible methods for correcting these flaws. The paper also discusses a number of strengths and [weaknesses] of the data for descriptive and analytical research and it provides several suggestions for research projects that could be carried out with the INS data. (EXCERPT)
Symptoms and Etiologies of Pseudotumor Cerebri

Investigators from Ankara Pediatrics, Turkey, evaluate the clinical symptoms and etiology in records of 53 patients (32 female) diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) in a child neurology department between 2005 and 2012.
Influence of bed patchiness, slope, grain hiding, and form drag on gravel mobilization in very steep streams

Steep streams are a major portion of channel networks and provide a link to transport sediment from hillslopes to lower gradient rivers. Despite their importance, key unknowns remain, perhaps foremost of which is evaluating in steep streams empirical laws for fluvial sediment transport developed for low-gradient rivers. To address this knowledge gap, we painted sediment in situ over 3 years to monitor incipient sediment motion and sediment-patch development in five small (drainage areas of 0.04–2 km^2) and steep (slopes of 5–37%) tributaries of Elder Creek, California, United States. We found that channel beds organized into size-sorted sediment patches which displayed active fluvial transport of gravel annually, consistent year-to-year patch median grain sizes, partial transport of bed material, and significantly higher values of critical Shields stress for incipient sediment motion compared to that observed for lower gradient rivers. The high critical Shields stresses (up to ≈0.5 for the median grain size) agree within a factor of ~3 to theoretical predictions which account for slope-dependent hydraulics, grain hiding, and sediment patches. For grains of approximately the same size as the roughness length scale, slope-dependent hydraulics and bed patchiness are the dominant controls on critical Shields stress values, while grain hiding is important for grains larger or smaller than the roughness length scale. Form drag exists in our monitored tributaries but has a smaller influence than the above effects. Our field observations show fluvial processes contribute to sediment mobilization in steep channels which are often considered to be dominated by debris flows.
Chemical Detection of Microbial Prey by Bacterial Predators

A motile, predacious bacterium which degraded Pythium debaryanum was strongly attracted to substances released into the medium by the fungus. A nonpredacious bacterium was not attracted to these substances. The predator bacterium was specifically attracted to cellulose and its oligomers which are known to be components of the cell wall of Pythium. Ethanol inhibited chemotaxis of the bacterium without affecting either its motility or its ability to degrade cellulose. A second predacious bacterium was isolated for the alga, Skeletonema costatum. The role of chemoreception in the detection of microbial prey by bacterial predators in natural habitats is discussed.