cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of capnography with a 30 foot nasal cannula for monitoring respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 in children.

We tested the accuracy of a low flow (50 cc/min) sidestream capnographysystem equipped with an experimental 30-foot nasal cannula to monitor ventilatory status in children. End-tidal CO2 and respiratory rate, both at room air and in the presence of supplemental oxygen, were recorded simultaneously from the experimental 30-foot nasal cannula and the standard, FDA approved, 10-foot nasal cannula. The 30-foot nasal cannula was as accurate as the 10-foot nasal cannula in measuring respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 in children. When supplemental oxygen was delivered by facemask, there was no dilutional effect on the respiratory rate or end-tidal CO2 recorded with either the 10-foot or 30-foot nasal cannulas inplace.
Evaluation of aged and recycled metalworking fluids by the tapping torque

A test method that evaluates aged and recycled metalworking fluids has been developed. This method was designed to help overcome some of the traditional barriers that hinder the implementation of new recycling technologies and improved chemical management practices. The test protocol described is based on the tapping torque method. Statistically significant increases in tapping torque resulted due to changes in metalworking fluid concentration, addition of particulate contamination, and loss of chemical components. The developmental work also involved an investigation of variations caused by the tapping tools selected for use in testing. Testing and data analysis for a comparison between two fluids can be completed in less than 5 hours.
Oscar Wilde as Queer Theologian

The third section of Same-Sex Desire in Victorian Religious Culture concerns writers of the late nineteenth century. In this concluding portion, I examine the place of homoeroticism in relation to the religious life in quite a different context than in the prior two parts. Almost all of the writers considered here are people whose homosexual acts could hardly be denied. Chapter 5 concerns Wilde, whose homosexual activity led to his trial and imprisonment. Likewise, the authors analysed in the following chapter, John Gray and Marc-Andre Raffalovich, were clearly part of the homoerotic subculture of the 1880s and 1890s. Their homosexuality as an identity cannot be debated. Michael Field, whose poetic and sexual sapphism has been well established, is the subject of Chapter 7. Hence the writers considered in Part 3 of this book force the notion of ‘queer religious space’ into a new territory. Most of the authors in Parts 1 and 2 are figures whose same-sex genital activity would seriously be doubted. Long-standing friendships in Newman might have been possible, and advocacy of such intimate — but celibate — unions was surely present in Dalgairns. Religious devotion certainly was the most important force — greater than romantic love of human friends — in the lives of Christina Rossetti and Gerard Manley Hopkins. In all of these writers, I have suggested at most a devotional homoerotic, a queer relationship to the Divine that expressed same-sex desire in the love of God, with perhaps circumstantial evidence for same-sex desire for other mortals.
The Biosimilarity Concept: Toward an Integrated Framework for Evidence Assessment.

Chingcuanco and colleagues systematically review the pharmacokinetic, efficacy, adverse event, and immunogenicity profiles of reference and biosimilar tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors approved by...
Facet-Specific Stability of ZIF-8 in the Presence of Acid Gases Dissolved in Aqueous Solutions

ZIF-8 is a crystalline microporous material that has been widely studied because of its thermal and chemical stability relative to other metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and its potential for use in a number of gas adsorption, separation, and catalysis applications. However, most studies focus on characterization of the bulk structure of ZIF-8, ignoring the potential effect of the particle shape and the external surface on these applications. This report describes studies that examined the stability of the {110} and {100} crystallographic facets of ZIF-8 under mildly acidic conditions. Though the {110} facet is more thermodynamically stable than the {100} facet, it is found to be more susceptible to degradation by acid exposure. It is hypothesized that the mechanism of particle degradation follows a shrinking-core model, with surface imidazolates being replaced by hydroxyls, as suggested by complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization. Computat...
First-Principles Physics-Based Rotorcraft Flowfield Simulation Using HPCMP CREATE-AV Helios

The flowfield around a helicopter's spinning rotor, whether in forward flight or hover, is difficult to model due to the presence of unsteady flow and strong vorticity. Unlike a fixed-wing aircraft, which leaves its deposited wake behind it, a helicopter flies completely within its own strong vortex wake system. In hover, the strong tip vortices coil beneath the rotor and significantly alter the rotor's aerodynamic performance. In forward flight, the rotor-vortex wake is swept back to the tail, causing unsteady flow that affects control and vibration. The underlying issue in modeling rotorcraft flowfields is the need to correctly account for the complex vortex wake produced by the rotor. This article outlines the historical progress of first-principles physics-based predictive tools, from early estimations to the current state-of-the-art coupled computational fluid dynamics models used today in the HPCMP CREATE-AV Helios code.
Local variations in the timing of RSV epidemics

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of hospitalizations in children worldwide. The timing of seasonal RSV epidemics needs to be known in order to administer prophylaxis to high-risk infants at the appropriate time. We used data from the Connecticut State Inpatient Database to identify RSV hospitalizations based on ICD-9 diagnostic codes. Harmonic regression analyses were used to evaluate RSV epidemic timing at the county level and ZIP code levels. Linear regression was used to investigate associations between the socioeconomic status of a locality and RSV epidemic timing. 9,740 hospitalizations coded as RSV occurred among children less than 2 years old between July 1, 1997 and June 30, 2013. The earliest ZIP code had a seasonal RSV epidemic that peaked, on average, 4.64 weeks earlier than the latest ZIP code. Earlier epidemic timing was significantly associated with demographic characteristics (higher population density and larger fraction of the population that was black). Seasonal RSV epidemics in Connecticut occurred earlier in areas that were more urban (higher population density and larger fraction of the population that was). These findings could be used to better time the administration of prophylaxis to high-risk infants.
c-Jun enhances intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding by increasing phospholipase C-γ1 transcription

c-Jun is an activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor and implicated in many aspects of cellular functions, but its exact role in the regulation of early intestinal epithelial restitution af...
TMEM16A Mediates the Fast Block to Polyspermy in Xenopus Laevis Eggs

Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) mediate some of the most important physiologic processes, such as the regulation of neuronal and cardiac excitability, electrolyte balances in secretory epithelia, and olfactory transduction. However, it wasn’t until 2008 that transmembrane proteins with unknown function 16 (TMEM16a) was identified as a bona fide CaCC. One of the cell types that TMEM16a was originally identified in was Xenopus laevis oocytes. Although TMEM16a is present in these oocytes, we do not know if it is maintained during oogenesis and functional in the fertilization-competent egg. During fertilization in X. laevis, a Ca2+-activated Cl- current is evoked in a pathway known as the fast polyspermy block, which inhibits sperm from entering an already fertilized egg. Here, we sought to uncover the molecular identity of the Cl- channel mediating this polyspermy block. We tested whether the rate of the fertilization-evoked depolarization was altered in eggs inseminated in the presence of TMEM16a-targeting small molecule inhibitors including: MONNA, Ani9, CaCCinh-A01, and T16ainh-A01. We reasoned that the rate of depolarization is proportional to the number of channels opened and thus looked for changes in the depolarization rate. We found that the depolarization of the fast block was significantly slowed or completely prevented in eggs inseminated in the presence of these TMEM16a inhibitors. To verify that the TMEM16a-targeted inhibitors block the X. laevis version of the channel, we recorded the Ca2+ activated Cl- current evoked by uncaging IP3 to evoke Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, in X. laevis oocytes using two electrode voltage clamp. We found that these inhibitors indeed were effective on the X. laevis TMEM16a channels. Taken together, these results suggest that TMEM16a is conserved through the oogenesis process and that TMEM16a mediates the fast block to polyspermy in X. laevis.
Low-cycle fatigue behavior of fiber-laser welded, corrosion-resistant, high-strength low alloy sheet steel

Abstract Advanced laser welding techniques such as fiber laser welding are desirable for joining high-strength steels in ground vehicle applications since they can greatly increase productivity. Weld fatigue is a primary design consideration for implementation of laser-welded sheet into ground vehicle structures. However, much of the previous fatigue work on fiber laser welded sheet steel has utilized stress-controlled fatigue testing. Therefore, this paper presents an optimized fiber laser welding procedure for butt welds of high-strength low-alloy steel sheet, and subsequent fully-reversed, strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue testing on weld material. Existing low cycle fatigue models adequately describe fatigue behavior of the laser welds. The results show that weld low cycle fatigue strength is significantly increased relative to base metal due to formation of martensite in the weld caused by rapid cooling inherent to laser welding. Weld fatigue life was shorter than base metal when plastic strains were high, but was close to base metal at lower plastic strains. Fatigue specimens containing weld failed at both base metal and in the weld indicating that there is some competition between weld cyclic fatigue strength and stress concentration effect at the weld fusion zone.
Predicting wading bird and aquatic faunal responses to ecosystem restoration scenarios

In large-scale conservation decisions, scenario planning identifies key uncertainties of ecosystem function linked to ecological drivers affected by management, incorporates ecological feedbacks, and scales up to answer questions robust to alternative futures. Wetland restoration planning requires an understanding of how proposed changes in surface hydrology, water storage, and landscape connectivity affect aquatic animal composition, productivity, and food-web function. In the Florida Everglades, reintroduction of historical hydrologic patterns is expected to increase productivity of all trophic levels. Highly mobile indicator species such as wading birds integrate secondary productivity from aquatic prey (small fishes and crayfish) over the landscape. To evaluate how fish, crayfish, and wading birds may respond to alternative hydrologic restoration plans, we compared predicted small fish density, crayfish density and biomass, and wading bird occurrence for existing conditions to four restoration scenarios that varied water storage and removal of levees and canals (i.e. decompartmentalization). Densities of small fish and occurrence of wading birds are predicted to increase throughout most of the Everglades under all restoration options because of increased flows and connectivity. Full decompartmentalization goes furthest toward recreating hypothesized historical patterns of fish density by draining excess water ponded by levees and hydrating areas that are currently drier than in the past. In contrast, crayfish density declined and species composition shifted under all restoration options because of lengthened hydroperiods (i.e. time of inundation). Under full decompartmentalization, the distribution of increased prey available for wading birds shifted south, closer to historical locations of nesting activity in Everglades National Park.
Crystal structure of 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-1,3-benzo-thia-zin-4-one 1-oxide.

In the racemic title compound, C20H15NO2S, the planes of the two phenyl substituents form dihedral angles of 48.97 (15) and 69.26 (15)° with that of the fused benzene ring of the parent benzo­thia­zine ring, while the heterocyclic thia­zine ring exhibits a screw-boat pucker. The O atom on the S atom of the ring is pseudo-axial on the thia­zine ring and trans to the 2-phenyl group. In the crystal, mol­ecules are arranged in layers in the ac plane, the layers being linked across b through inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions.
Hygroscopic and thermal stability of high precision replicated epoxy composite mirrors

Replicated lightweight composite mirrors are gaining increasing attention for space applications due to potential weight savings, cost reductions, and faster manufacturing times over traditional glass mirrors. However, dimensional stability remains one of the most critical issues for these resin-based high precision optics. Composite mirrors with a surface figure error (SFE) of 0.03λ were manufactured using a UV-cured replicated layer (RL). The effects of cure state and environmental exposure on the stability of the mirror were evaluated by measuring changes in SFE using interferometric imaging. Higher stability was observed for the replicated epoxy mirror that underwent a secondary cure, after the initial UV cure. SFE for these mirrors increased by only 5-nm (RMS) when exposed to 100% RH for 12 days. The mirrors that were UV cured alone under identical exposure conditions increased in SFE by over 500% of that value. The increased hygroscopic stability is consistent with a reduced amount of unreacted polar epoxide groups that can hydrogen bond with absorbed moisture diffusing into the network. In addition, the mirror with the secondary cure remained stable up to 125°C while the mirror with a lower degree of cure exhibited warpage under identical thermal condition due to additional cure shrinkage.
Chronic repeated exposure to weather-related stimuli elicits few symptoms of chronic stress in captive molting and non-molting European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

Repeated exposure to acute stressors causes dramatic changes in an animal's stress physiology and the cumulative effects are often called chronic stress. Recently we showed that short-term exposure to weather-related stimuli, such as temperature change, artificial precipitation, and food restriction, cause acute responses in captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Here, we examined the effect of repeated exposure to weather-related stressors on heart rate and corticosterone (CORT) of captive non-molting and molting European starlings. Four times every day for 3 weeks, birds were exposed to either 30 min of a subtle (3°C) decrease in temperature, a short bout of simulated rain, or 2 hr of food removal. The order and time of presentation were randomly assigned on each day. We found no differences in heart rate or heart rate variability. Furthermore, there were no changes in baseline CORT levels, CORT negative feedback efficacy, or maximal adrenal capacity. Mass increased across the experimental period only in molting birds. CORT responses to restraint were decreased in both groups following treatment, suggesting the birds had downregulated their responses to acute stress. Molting birds showed evidence of suppression of the HPA axis compared with non-molting birds, which is consistent with previous research. Overall, our data show that repeated exposure to weather-related stressors does not elicit most of the symptoms normally associated with chronic stress.
Visual experience in self and social judgment: How a biased majority claim a superior minority

AbstractPeople form beliefs of their own superiority relative to others to degrees that are implausible and statistically impossible. Is this the result of error in self or social judgment? We review evidence suggesting that people are more inaccurate when forecasting their own future prospects than when forecasting others. Moreover, we argue that such error when acting as a self rather than social psychologist is in part the result of biased visual experience. People orient visual attention and resolve visual ambiguity in ways that support self-interests. Because visual experience serves as one of the foundational stages of information processing, bias that emerges as people look at the world around them may propagate biased cognitive judgment without individuals’ awareness of the presence or source of such bias. Motivated cognition may in part be the result of motivated perception.
Role of placenta in fetal lipid metabolism. 3. Formation of rabbit plasma phospholipids.

Abstract 1. 1. The contribution of materno-placental lipid compartment to fetal lipid homeostasis was assessed by following the metabolic fate of [ 32 P 14 C]fatty acid double labeled phospholipids injected into term rabbits. 2. 2. No direct placental transfer occurred but fragments of injected phospholipids were found in abundance in fetal tissue lipids. 3. 3. Marked reduction in phospholipid isotope ratio was found in phospholipids of umbilical vein and fetal plasmas, fetal liver and carcass but not in maternal plasma or placenta. 4. 4. Non-polar lipids of plasma and other fetal tissues contained considerable amounts of [ 14 C]fatty acid radioactivity. 5. 5. Amounts and specific activity of all lipid classes were much higher in umbilical vein than in fetal plasma. 6. 6. Results point to placenta as the source of fetal plasma phospholipids and perhaps other lipids as well.
Mögliche Inhalte für verbesserte Kodizes

Defizite bestehender Verhaltenskodizes beweisen noch nicht die Wertlosigkeit der Verhaltenskodizes schlechthin. Um zu verbesserten Kodizes zu kommen, wollen wir im folgenden nach Konstruktionsprinzipien ethischer Normen suchen.
The Public School Program: In Health, Physical Education, and Recreation

(1939). The Public School Program. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 435-494.
Interrogating the protein interactomes of RAS isoforms identifies PIP5K1A as a KRAS-specific vulnerability

In human cancers, oncogenic mutations commonly occur in the RAS genes KRAS, NRAS, or HRAS, but there are no clinical RAS inhibitors. Mutations are more prevalent in KRAS, possibly suggesting a unique oncogenic activity mediated by KRAS-specific interaction partners, which might be targeted. Here, we determine the specific protein interactomes of each RAS isoform by BirA proximity-dependent biotin identification. The combined interactomes are screened by CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function assays for proteins required for oncogenic KRAS-dependent, NRAS-dependent, or HRAS-dependent proliferation and censored for druggable proteins. Using this strategy, we identify phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase PIP5K1A as a KRAS-specific interactor and show that PIP5K1A binds to a unique region in KRAS. Furthermore, PIP5K1A depletion specifically reduces oncogenic KRAS signaling and proliferation, and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cell lines to a MAPK inhibitor. These results suggest PIP5K1A as a potential target in KRAS signaling for the treatment of KRAS-mutant cancers.
Assessing Future Teachres' Knowledge on Fractions: Written Tests vs Concept Cartoons

The contribution investigates opportunities that an educational tool called Concept Cartoons can offer in future teachers' education, namely in comparison with word problems in standard written tests. The referred empirical study was conducted in two separated consecutive stages, with two groups of future primary school teachers (the first one from the Czech Republic, and the second one from Slovakia). The participants of the first stage solved four word problems (T1, T2, T3, T4) with increasing difficulty within the written test, and a problem with a similar structure and difficulty as T3 but in the Concept Cartoon form. The second stage of the study served as a complementary stage, its participants solved only the word problem T3 and the Concept Cartoon. In both stages, the comparison of results and solution procedures revealed many participants who mastered the word problem(s) but displayed a fundamental misconception when working with the Concept Cartoon. Two thirds of the participants presented non-corresponding responses to these two corresponding tasks: they solved one of them correctly and the other one incorrectly. All of the problems in the study were based on the part-whole interpretation of fractions, the revealed misconception consisted of incorrect determination of the whole.
Enzyme-Free Self-Powered Glucose Sensing System

A novel enzyme-free self-powered glucose sensing system with a unique capability to convert the biochemical energy of glucose into electrical power is developed. The electrical power is subsequently stored in a 10 pF capacitor serving as the glucose transducing element. The anode and cathode of the fuel cell used to construct the self-powered glucose biosensing system comprise a gold microwire supported colloidal platinum structure (Au-co-Pt) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) coated with gold-co-Pt and a thin layer of chitosan, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by means of amperometry. The charge/discharge frequency of the 10 pF capacitor in response to various concentration of glucose was investigated. The self-powered glucose biosensing system exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation with a sensitivity of 122.6 Hz mM−1 cm−2 and a linear dynamic range up to 25 mM glucose. In addition, the electrical power generated by the fuel cell was demonstrated to be sufficient to power an LED circuit and small low powered electronic devices. This enzyme-free self-powered glucose sensing system holds great promise to the electrochemical detection of glucose.
Expressing Discrepancies between Religious Affiliations and Drinking Reduces Drinking Intentions.

The majority of young adults express a religious affiliation. Most widely-practiced religions have some proscriptions against excessive drinking and/or drunkenness. Yet many religious college students engage in drinking in excess of these proscriptions, albeit at lower levels than non-religious students. At present, virtually no empirically-evaluated brief interventions in this population have directly incorporated religious affiliation. Objective The present study evaluated an expressive writing intervention that elicits awareness and expression of discrepancy between religious affiliation and drinking behaviors, especially for students expressing moderate to high subjective religiousness and drinking levels. We expected discrepancy to result in lower drinking intentions. Method Undergraduate students (N=344) were randomly assigned to a 2 (priming: religious affiliation vs. college major) X 2 (comparison of current drinking with: religious affiliation vs. college major) expressive writing design in which those in the experimental condition were asked to describe how their current drinking fit with their religious affiliation. Results Writing about the fit between current drinking and one's religious affiliation (versus college major) was associated with expressing more discrepancy, which was, in turn, associated with intentions to reduce drinking. No effects were found for priming, nor for the interaction between priming and comparison. Subjective religiousness and current drinking were evaluated as moderators of the indirect effect of comparing one's current drinking and religious affiliation on future drinking intentions through expressed discrepancy. The effect of comparison on discrepancy was stronger at higher levels of subjective religiousness. The association between discrepancy and intentions to reduce drinking was stronger for heavier drinkers, especially when also accompanied by higher subjective religiousness. Conclusion Results provide preliminary support for a novel intervention strategy with the potential to reduce drinking in a significant proportion of students that has previously received little consideration.
The Corrective Experience of Getting a Life: Case Formulation Using General Psychiatric Management as a Framework to Facilitate Remission and Recovery

Abstract This chapter elucidates case formulation in General Psychiatric Management (GPM), an evidence-based, case-management approach for treating borderline personality disorder (BPD). GPM distils experienced clinical wisdom into a simple coherent framework for clinicians of any level of experience to implement. GPM formulates BPD as a medicalized disorder with expectable symptoms framed by a model interpersonal hypersensitivity. This formulation guides the therapist to help the BPD patient understand their symptoms and ultimately ‘get a life’ through functional, not just symptomatic, recovery. This imperative to ‘get a life’ provides an alternative to using treatment to manage problems of aloneness, and thus acts as a corrective experience. A case study is used to illustrate GPM's formulation and therapeutic process.
Technical Note: Assessing the performance of monthly CBCT image quality QA

Purpose To assess the performance of routine cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) quality assurance (QA) at predicting and diagnosing clinically recognizable linac CBCT image quality issues. Methods Monthly automated linac CBCT image quality QA data were acquired on eight Varian linacs (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) using the CATPHAN 500 series phantom (The Phantom Laboratory, Inc., Greenwich, NY) and Total QA software (Image Owl, Inc., Greenwich, NY) over 34 months between July 2014 and May 2017. For each linac, the following image quality metrics were acquired: geometric distortion, spatial resolution, Hounsfield Unit (HU) constancy, uniformity, and noise. Quality control (QC) limits were determined by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) expert consensus documents Task Group (TG-142 and TG-179) and the manufacturer acceptance testing procedure. Clinically recognizable CBCT issues were extracted from the in-house incident learning system (ILS) and service reports. The sensitivity and specificity of CATPHAN QA at predicting clinically recognizable image quality issues was investigated. Sensitivity was defined as the percentage of clinically recognizable CBCT image quality issues that followed a failing CATPHAN QA. Quality assurance results are categorized as failing if one or more image quality metrics are outside the QC limits. The specificity of CATPHAN QA was defined as one minus the fraction of failing CATPHAN QA results that did not have a clinically recognizable CBCT image quality issue in the subsequent month. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for each image quality metric by plotting the true positive rate (TPR) against the false-positive rate (FPR). Results Over the study period, 18 image quality issues were discovered by clinicians while using CBCT to set up the patient and five were reported prior to x-ray tube repair. The incidents ranged from ring artifacts to uniformity problems. The sensitivity of the TG-142/179 limits was 17% (four of the prior monthly QC tests detected a clinically recognizable image quality issue). The area under the curve (AUC) calculated for each image quality metric ROC curve was: 0.85 for uniformity, 0.66 for spatial resolution, 0.51 for geometric distortion, 0.56 for noise, 0.73 for HU constancy, and 0.59 for contrast resolution. Conclusion Automated monthly QA is not a good predictor of CBCT image quality issues. Of the available metrics, uniformity has the best predictive performance, but still has a high FPR and low sensitivity. The poor performance of CATPHAN QA as a predictor of image quality problems is partially due to its reliance on region-of-interest (ROI) based algorithms and a lack of a global algorithm such as correlation. The manner in which image quality issues occur (trending toward failure or random) is still not known and should be studied further. CBCT image quality QA should be adapted based on how CBCT is used clinically.
Investigating the Hydrologic and Water Quality Performance of Trees in Bioretention Mesocosms

Abstract Cities across the world are increasingly utilizing green infrastructure practices as part of their stormwater management programs. Bioretention areas have become a popular green infrastructure practice due to their widespread success in improving water quality and reducing runoff generated from impervious surfaces. Several studies have demonstrated that pollutant removal performance can be improved when plants are included in bioretention design; however, while numerous benefits of trees in urban areas have been identified, little knowledge of their contributions to stormwater management in green infrastructure currently exists. To address this need, a controlled mesocosm experiment was conducted to characterize the degree of stormwater treatment provided by bioretention columns planted with one of three native tree species commonly found across the eastern United States (Acer rubrum – red maple, Pinus taeda – loblolly pine, and Quercus palustris – pin oak). Tree pollutant removal performance was compared to nonvegetated mesocosms using a semi-synthetic stormwater mixture applied to the mesocosms over a period of 17 weeks. The hydrologic benefits of each species were characterized using data-logging scales placed below the mesocosms to compare evapotranspiration (ET) rates and drainage in each configuration. Differences in pollutant removal between tree species were largely not significant, indicating the dominant role of the bioretention media in mitigating dissolved and particle-bound constituents. Mesocosms planted with red maple (Acer rubrum) had significantly greater average ET rates (3.2 mm d−1) than all other configurations, attributable to plant development and increased growth and canopy size. All mesocosms planted with trees had significantly higher ET rates than the nonvegetated mesocosms, illustrating the role of transpiration in bioretention hydrology which, depending on species, accounted for 8.2–37.5% of average daily water losses from the mesocosms during testing. These results suggest that trees contribute to bioretention hydrology through evapotranspiration, and that significant differences between species exist and are likely related to growth rate.
CATACOMB: An endogenous inducible gene that antagonizes H3K27 methylation activity of Polycomb repressive complex 2 via an H3K27M-like mechanism.

Using biochemical characterization of fusion proteins associated with endometrial stromal sarcoma, we identified JAZF1 as a new subunit of the NuA4 acetyltransferase complex and CXORF67 as a subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Since CXORF67’s interaction with PRC2 leads to decreased PRC2-dependent H3K27me2/3 deposition, we propose a new name for this gene: CATACOMB (catalytic antagonist of Polycomb; official gene name: EZHIP). We map CATACOMB’s inhibitory function to a short highly conserved region and identify a single methionine residue essential for diminution of H3K27me2/3 levels. Remarkably, the amino acid sequence surrounding this critical methionine resembles the oncogenic histone H3 Lys27-to-methionine (H3K27M) mutation found in high-grade pediatric gliomas. As CATACOMB expression is regulated through DNA methylation/demethylation, we propose CATACOMB as the potential interlocutor between DNA methylation and PRC2 activity. We raise the possibility that similar regulatory mechanisms could exist for other methyltransferase complexes such as Trithorax/COMPASS.
BOONDOGGLED: A CASE REPORT OF ARTS AND CRAFTS GONE WRONG

Self-insertion of foreign bodies into the urinary tract is a not-uncommon urological problem with significant psychosocial implications. A 12-year-old male presented to the ED when his father noted blood in the patient’s urine. During evaluation, the patient admitted to inserting Boondoggle, a plastic arts and crafts string, into his urethra 1 week prior. He admitted to performing this activity on multiple prior occasions. He subsequently developed worsening frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, and suprapubic pain. Bladder ultrasound and KUB were obtained which demonstrated a large amount of hyperdense material coiled in the bladder. He was brought to the OR the following day for removal of the foreign body. After failed attempts at endoscopic retrieval, 34 feet of plastic string was removed via an open approach. The bladder was closed and a foley was left in place. He was discharged on postoperative day 2 on culture specific antibiotics after a successful void trial. Urethral masturbation has been associated with psychiatric disorders, fetishism, and sadomasochistic tendencies. For the urologist, it is critical to recognize the mental health issues portended by urethral foreign body insertion, and take the appropriate steps to address the underlying problem.
Altered post-stroke propulsion is related to paretic swing phase kinematics

Abstract Background Gait propulsion is often altered following a stroke, with clear effects on anterior progression. Changes in the pattern of propulsion could potentially also influence swing phase mechanics. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether post-stroke variability in paretic propulsion magnitude or timing influence paretic swing phase kinematics. Methods 29 chronic stroke survivors participated in this study, walking on an instrumented treadmill at their self-selected and fastest-comfortable speeds. For each participant, we calculated several propulsion-related metrics derived from anteroposterior ground reaction force or from center of mass power, as well as knee flexion angle and circumduction displacement during the swing phase. We performed a series of linear mixed model analyses to determine whether the propulsion metrics for the paretic leg were related to paretic swing phase mechanics. Findings A subset of the stroke survivors exhibited unusual braking forces late in the paretic stance phase, when strong propulsion typically occurs among uninjured controls. Beyond the effects of walking speed or walking condition, these braking forces were significantly linked with altered paretic swing phase mechanics. Specifically, large braking impulses were associated with reduced paretic knee flexion (p = 0.039) and increased paretic circumduction (p = 0.023). Interpretation The present results suggest that braking forces late in stance are particularly indicative of deficits in the production of typical swing phase kinematics. This relationship suggests that therapies designed to address altered swing kinematics should also consider altered force generation in late stance, as these behaviors appear to be coupled.
Charge transport properties in CdZnTeSe semiconductor room-temperature γ-ray detectors

CdxZn1−xTeySe1−y (CZTS) has emerged as a next-generation compound semiconductor for high energy gamma-ray detection. In the present study, we report for the first time the hole transport property measurements in CZTS based gamma-ray detectors in the planar configuration. Current–voltage measurements revealed a bulk resistivity of ∼5 × 108 Ω cm and the fabricated detectors produced well-resolved 5486 keV alpha particle peaks, for both electrons and holes drifting alike, when pulse-height spectra (PHS) were recorded using a 241Am radiation source. The PHS measurements were enabled to measure the charge transport properties for both the charge carriers. The mobility–lifetime product (μτ) for electrons and holes was calculated to be 6.4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 and 8.5 × 10−5 cm2 V−1, respectively, using a single polarity Hecht plot regression method. The pre-amplifier pulses were also recorded and processed digitally to obtain electron and hole drift mobilities of 692 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 55 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, using a time-of-flight method. The measured transport properties indicated the hole lifetime to be greater than the electron lifetime by a factor of ∼1.5. Gamma-ray PHS were recorded using fabricated detectors that showed tailing of the 662 keV photopeak due to hole trapping effects. Depth dependent PHS were digitally generated from 2D biparametric plots to reveal the effects of hole trapping on the gamma PHS at different detector depths. Digital correction procedures were applied to generate well-resolved PHS with an energy resolution of ∼2% for 662 keV γ-rays.
Developing an Internally Validated Veterans Affairs Women Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score Using Veterans Affairs National Electronic Health Records.

Background The current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association women cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score suboptimally estimates CVD risk for young and minority women in the mi...
Prescription Patterns, Initiation, and 5-Year Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Among Commercially Insured Patients With Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND:Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used as adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) for early-stage hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer. Treatment for 5 years reduces cancer m...
Green Roof Aging Effect on Physical Properties and Hydrologic Performance

AbstractMany studies focus on the hydrologic performance of green roofs, but the aging effect remains largely unknown due to the scarcity of long-term monitored data. This study characterized virgi...
OpenBTE: a Solver for ab-initio Phonon Transport in Multidimensional Structures

Controlling heat flow at the nanoscales is pivotal to several applications, including thermal energy harvesting and heat management. However, engineering nanostructures is challenging because phonon-boundary interaction, not contemplated by Fourier's law, must be taken into account. Nondiffusive models, such as the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), have been successfully employed to capture size effects in complex structures; however, their widespread has been hindered by the limited offer of open-source solvers in this space. We fill this void by introducing OpenBTE, an efficient solver for the steady-state phonon BTE in multidimensional structures. This tool is interfaced to first-principles calculations, thus it unlocks the calculations of thermal-related properties with no fitting-parameters. As an example, we employ OpenBTE to compute the temperature and flux maps, as well as the mode-resolved, effective thermal conductivity of Si membranes with infinite and finite thickness. By unlocking fast nanoscale heat transport simulations, OpenBTE may help accelerate the design of nanomaterials for thermal energy applications.
The effect of weak clonal interference on average fitness trajectories in the presence of macroscopic epistasis

Adaptation dynamics on fitness landscapes is often studied theoretically in the strong-selection, weak-mutation (SSWM) regime. However, in a large population, multiple beneficial mutants can emerge before any of them fixes in the population. Competition between mutants is known as clonal interference, and how it affects the form of long-term fitness trajectories in the presence of epistasis is an open question. Here, by considering how changes in fixation probabilities arising from weak clonal interference affect the dynamics of adaptation on fitness-parameterized landscapes, we find that the change in the form of fitness trajectory arises only through changes in the supply of beneficial mutations (or equivalently, the beneficial mutation rate). Furthermore, a depletion of beneficial mutations as a population climbs up the fitness landscape can speed up the functional form of the fitness trajectory, while an enhancement of the beneficial mutation rate does the opposite of slowing down the form of the dynamics. Our findings suggest that by carrying out evolution experiments in both regimes (with and without clonal interference), one could potentially distinguish the different sources of macroscopic epistasis (fitness effect of mutations vs. change in fraction of beneficial mutations).
Progression of Self-Perceived Speech and Swallowing Impairment in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease: Longitudinal Analysis of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and progression of self-perceived speech and swallowing impairments in newly diagnosed people with Parkinson's disease (PD) longit...
Moral Individualism, Moral Relationalism, and Obligations to Non‐human Animals

Moral individualists like Jeff McMahan and Peter Singer argue that our moral obligations to animals, both human and non-human, are grounded in the morally salient capacities of those animals. By contrast, what might be called moral relationalists argue that our obligations to non-human animals are grounded in our relationship to them. Moral relationalists are of various kinds, from relationalists regarding assistance to animals, such as Clare Palmer and Elizabeth Anderson, to relationalists grounded in a Wittgensteinian view of human practice, such as Cora Diamond and Alice Crary. This article argues that there are, in fact, two distinct types of moral reasons, those based on salient capacities and those based on relationships. Neither type of reason is reducible to the other, and there is no third type to which to reduce them both. Any attempt at reduction would run counter to deep intuitions about our moral relation to non-human animals as well as to other humans. Among the implications of this is that certain kinds of arguments, such as the argument from marginal cases, seem to be incomplete precisely because they do not capture the complexity of our moral relations to non-human animals.
Interaction of human low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B with ternary lipid microemulsion: Physical and functional properties

Based on data from sedimentation velocity experiments, electrophoresis, electron microscopy, cellular uptake studies, scanning molecular sieve chromatography using a quasi-three-dimensional data display and flow performance liquid chromatography (FPLC), models for the interaction of human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of apolipoprotein B (apo B) with a ternary lipid microemulsion (ME) are proposed. The initial step in the interaction of LDL (Stokes radius 110 A) with the ternary microemulsion (Stokes radius 270 A) appears to be attachment of the LDL to emulsion particles. This attachment is followed by a very slow fusion into particles having a radius of approx. 280 A. Sonication of this mixture yields large aggregates. Electron micrographs of deoxycholate-solubilized apo B indicate an arrangement of apo B resembling strings of beads. During incubation, these particles also attach to the ternary microemulsion particles and, upon sonication, spherical particles result which resemble native LDL particles in size. Scanning chromatography corroborates the electron microscopy results. By appropriate choice of display angles in a quasi-three-dimensional display of the scanning data (corrected for gel apparent absorbance) taken at equal time intervals during passage of a sample through the column, changes in molecular radius of less than 10 A can be detected visually. Such a display gives a quantitative estimate of 101 +/- 2 A for these particles (compared to 110 A for native LDL). The LDL-ME particles and apo B-ME particles compete efficiently with native LDL for cellular binding and uptake. Cellular association studies indicate that both LDL- and apo B-ME particles are effective vehicles for lipid delivery into cells.
Intensity measurements in the 720.8/cm Q branch of (C-12)(O-16)2

Measurements of the 15-micron bands of CO2 are presented, focusing on measurements to determine the validity of the intensity measurements in the 720.8/cm band used as a spectroscopic parameter in temperature sounding experiments. The absolute intensities of the lines between 718.9449/cm and 719.8319/cm in the Q branch of (C-12)(O-16)2 at 295 K are measured using the Doppler-limited spectral resolution (about 0.0001/cm) of a tunable diode laser. The differences between the results and previously reported data are discussed.
Classification Strategies Using Certain and Possible Rules

A typical real-life data set is affected by inconsistencies-- cases characterized by the same attribute values are classified as members of different concepts. The most apparent methodology to handle inconsistencies is offered by rough set theory. For every concept two sets are computed: the lower approximation and the upper approximation. From these two sets a rule induction system induces two rule sets: certain and possible. The problem is how to use these two sets in the process of classification of new, unseen cases. For example, should we use only certain rules (or only possible rules) for classification? Should certain rules be used first and, when a case does not match any certain rule, should possible rules be used later? How to combine certain and possible rules with complete and partial matching of rules by a case? This paper presents experiments that were done to answer these questions. Different strategies were compared by classifying ten real-life data sets, using the error rate as a criterion of quality.
An analysis of dynamic crack initiation and growth in elastic-viscoplastic solids

ABSTRACT A numerical method for simulating dynamic crack initiation and growth under stress wave loading is described. Results are presented for both elastic and viscoplastic solids. Possible crack motions are considered and some insight is provided for crack growth criteria in elastic-viscoplastic solids.
Enzymes of Nucleic Acid Metabolism from Mung Bean Sprouts III. THE IDENTIFICATION OF 5'-MONONUCLEOTIDES AS HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF RIBONUCLEASE M2

Abstract The products of ribonuclease M2 action on tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid in the absence and presence of added Zn++ were fractionated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose and shown to consist of mixtures of mononucleotides, dinucleotides, higher oligonucleotides, and minor amounts of nucleosides. In the absence of added Zn++, the degradation of the RNA was relatively incomplete, with 27% of the total absorbance appearing in the mononucleotide fraction and a majority as di- and higher oligonucleotides. With added Zn++, 60% of the absorbance appeared in the mononucleotide fraction, 25% as dinucleotides, and 11% as higher oligonucleotides. The mononucleotide components both without and with added Zn++ were fractionated and identified as 5'-mononucleotides. Without added Zn++, about 60 mole % of the mononucleotide fraction was recovered as adenosine 5'-monophosphate and about 20 mole % each as uridine 5'-monophosphate and guanosine 5'-monophosphate, with no definite recovery of cytidine 5'-monophosphate (roughly two-thirds of the adenosine residues and about one-sixth each of the uridine and guanosine of tobacco mosaic virus RNA). With added Zn++, all of the adenosine residues were recovered as 5'-AMP (and adenosine); about one-half of the uridine and guanosine, respectively, as 5'-UMP and 5'-GMP; and about one-fifth of the cytidine, as CMP. The significance of these results in relation to the specificity of RNase M2 action, to the possible Zn++ metalloprotein nature of RNase M2, and to tobacco mosaic virus RNA structure is discussed.