cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative light microscopic autoradiography of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding sites in the rat central nervous system: a novel biochemical marker for mapping the distribution of cholinergic nerve terminals.

The distribution of specific [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HC-3) binding sites throughout the rat forebrain was studied by means of quantitative light microscopic autoradiography. Tissue sections were labeled with 2.5 nM[3H]HC-3, apposed to tritium-sensitive film for 2 months and analyzed by computer-assisted densitometry. Regions of intense [3H]HC-3 labeling include the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, habenula and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Little or no specific binding was detected in the corpus callosum, a white matter region. This distribution of specific [3H]HC-3 binding sites is compatible with a selective labeling of central cholinergic nerve terminals.
A prospective evaluation of ifosfamide-related nephrotoxicity in children and young adults.

Background. Ifosfamide has been associated with proximal renal tubular dysfunction resembling Fanconi-like syndrome and leading to rickets in young children. The characteristic manifestations of this nephrotoxicity include phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, renal tubular acidosis, and urinary loss of low molecular weight serum proteins. However, the relationship between acute ifosfamide nephrotoxicity, which is frequently subclinical, and long term renal damage is unclear. In this prospective study, the laboratory features of ifosfamide-induced acute nephrotoxicity were characterized further and correlated with the development of chronic nephropathy. Methods. The renal function of newly diagnosed children and young adults with high risk sarcomas was followed during therapy with a high dose ifosfamide-containing regimen. Serum and urine were collected regularly immediately before and after 5-day cycles of ifosfamide throughout treatment for determination of the fractional excretion of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, phosphate, magnesium, calcium) and glucose and urinary excretion of amino acids and beta 2 -microglobulin. Results. Significant changes in the renal threshold of phosphate excretion, the fractional excretion of calcium and glucose, and the urinary excretion of beta 2 -microglobulin were observed when comparing pretreatment values with those at the end of a 5-day treatment cycle. The median renal threshold of phosphate excretion decreased from 1.22 to 0.82 mmol/L (P < 0.0001). The median fractional excretions of calcium and glucose increased from 1.05% to 1.68% (P < 0.0001) and 0.05% to 0.08% (P = 0.0006), respectively. Beta 2 -microglobulin excretion increased by 70-fold from 0.02 to 1.42 mg/mmol (P < 0.0001). Except for glucose and beta 2 -microglobulin excretion, renal parameters returned to baseline before the next ifosfamide treatment cycle. Acute aminoaciduria was observed in 21 of 23 patients. Chronic nephrotoxicity, as defined by the development of a Fanconi-like syndrome or chronic tubular electrolyte loss requiring oral supplementation, developed in the three patients with the highest urinary excretion of beta 2 -microglobulin after ifosfamide therapy. Conclusions. Prospectively, high dose ifosfamide was associated with a 4% incidence of Fanconi-like syndrome; however, evidence of acute reversible subclinical nephrotoxicity was observed for all patients. Severe beta 2 -microglobulinuria appeared to be a prognostic laboratory indicator for the development of chronic nephrotoxicity.
Creative types in mathematics1

Summary Five types of creative mathematician are identified on the basis of the subjects' own Q-sort descriptions of their research style Personality and background correlates of each type are presented. Whereas descriptions of the mother had differentiated creative from comparison mathematicians, traits of the father were important in the differentiation of the creative types Relative to one another, one type is “adapted,” one is “conflicted,” and three are about equally “creative,” these labels being taken from the Rankian paradigm The “creative” types are described, after Neumann, on the basis of the relation between ego and unconscious One is described as matriarchal and two as patriarchal Of the two patriarchal, one emphasizes “Puritan” achievement-orientation, the other “Mediterranean” intellectual breadth and harmony.
Resolution of acute pain following discharge from the emergency department: the acute pain trajectory.

Abstract We demonstrate and evaluate a method for modeling acute pain resolution in individual patients over 6 days following an emergency department visit for an acutely painful condition. Five hundred and thirteen patients presenting with acutely painful conditions provided 11-point numerical ratings of pain intensity at discharge from an emergency department and daily thereafter for a total of 6 days. Latent growth curve modeling with a linear fit yielded measures of initial pain intensity (intercept) and rate of pain resolution (slope) for each individual patient. The linear fits provided good approximations of individual pain trajectories. The average patient had intercept of 6.57 with a slope of −.61. On Day 4, 54.6% of patients reported a pain level equal to or greater than 4. Classification of individual patients by slope revealed that 79% of the sample had the expected negative slope for acute pain resolution while 21% had flat or positive slopes, indicating lack of pain resolution or worsening of pain over time following discharge. The standard errors of measurement for the acute pain trajectories were markedly smaller than those for conventional pain ratings, indicating that the trajectory approach to pain measurement improves measurement precision. Perspective The acute pain trajectory provides more information than conventional pain measurement and increases measurement precision. It provides a means of determining the efficacy of acute pain management in the emergency department. The rate of pain resolution is a potentially valuable outcome measure for controlled clinical trials.
Thermostructural Analysis of X-34 Wing Leading-Edge Tile Thermal Protection System

Finiteelementthermaland stressanalysesarepresentedforceramictiles,assemblies,andarcjetmodelsrelevant to the thermal protection system for the X-34 wing leading edge. The analyses are performed to verify thermal and structural models for silicone impregnated reusable ceramic ablator, to establish a failure criterion for stressed tiles, to simulate the response of the wing leading-edge thermal protection system under e ight aerothermal and mechanicalloads,andtocone rm thatthedesignhasadequatesafetymargins.Thee naldesignwith0.04-in.intertile gaps is found to meet all thermal and structural requirements.
Resistance to change in the nursing profession: creative transdisciplinary solutions

This article offers a definition of the transdisciplinary inquiry approach (Montuori, 2010) and demonstrates how this approach can benefit the nursing profession in our process of shifting our paradigm toward caring, love, and healing. The article provides an example of a transdisciplinary approach to change process in nursing. It considers the phenomenon of resistance to change in nursing academia, which has created obstacles to revising pedagogical processes, resulting in ongoing difficulties in creating change in the practice setting. A model based on transdisciplinary practices for creative change in nursing is described.
Motor planning: effect of directional uncertainty with continuous spatial cues

We have investigated the effect of directional uncertainty on the planning of reaching movements. For this purpose, we have used sections of annuli as spatial cues to indicate the directional range within which the target would be presented. The results showed that the reaction time of the reaching response increased with cue range and with the angle between the center of the cue and the target. In addition, the initial direction of movement was biased toward the center of the cue. These results conformed to the predictions of the capacity-sharing model. This model assumes that the processing resources used for motor planning are limited and distributed as a function of the range of directions indicated by the cue, and that when the target appears, these resources are reallocated to represent the response to be executed.
A mathematical and physical representation of the raceway region in the iron blast furnace

Through the establishment of a macroscopic momentum balance a mathematical representation has been developed for predicting the size of the raceway region in blast furnaces. The formulation involved the establishment of a force balance where the radial momentum transfer from the incoming gas was balanced against the weight of the bed. The predictions based on the analysis were compared to experimental measurements on both two and three dimensional systems using solid particles of varying shape, size and density. Reasonable agreement was obtained between measurements and predictions and it was found that for small and light particles and for high blast rates the size of the raceway could be predicted from first principles without recourse to empirical correction factors. The predictions based on the analysis were also consistent with previous measurements of Elliott and Wagstaff on both laboratory scale models and operating blast furnaces. It was thus shown that the analysis developed in the paper may be used for estimating the size of the raceway in blast furnaces from first principles without recourse to empirical correlations.
Colorado High-resolution Echelle Stellar Spectrograph (CHESS)

We discuss the design of a new high-efficiency, high-resolution far ultraviolet echelle spectrograph. Our project concentrates on utilizing new technologies for gratings and detectors to reduce the impact of scattered light and maximize quantum efficiency over a large bandpass. This program will enable advances in a vast number of astrophysical subjects. Topics ranging from protoplanetary disks to the intergalactic medium can be addressed by incorporating such a spectrograph into a future, long-duration mission.
A weight analysis of modern aircraft electric systems

THE problem of choosing suitable electric systems for aircraft has been the subject of investigation and discussion for many years. To meet general or specialized requirements, the aircraft industry has had to choose between primary a-c and d-c systems. The magnitude of system voltage has been a variable. For the a-c system, a choice must be made between variable and constant frequency, and for the latter the selection of a nominal value and tolerances are required.
II. Central nervous system action of bombesin to inhibit gastric acid secretion

Bombesin or gastrin releasing peptide injected into the lateral, third, or fourth ventricle, or into the cisterna magna, inhibited gastric acid secretion induced by a wide variety of gastric acid stimulants in several animal models. Studies of bombesin microinfusion into specific hypothalamic nuclei of intact rats, or injection into the cisterna magna of midbrain transected rats, indicated that the peptide can trigger inhibition of gastric acid secretion from both forebrain and hindbrain structures. The neural pathways mediating bombesin action required the integrity of the cervical spinal cord; the vagus did not play an important role. Spantide, a substance P and bombesin receptor antagonist, was not useful in studying the physiological role of bombesin. This was due both to its inability to reverse the central action of bombesin on gastric secretion, and to its in vivo toxicity.
Jousting with windmills? The quest to achieve our quality aspirations in pharmacy practice

2focuses on the principles of continuous quality improvement (CQI) using measures of quality to improve patient care and describes a model to implement a CQI program in your pharmacy or institution. He explores the purposes of measuring quality and speculates on how performance indicators might be used to shape the evolution of pharmacy practice through the use of pay-for-performance incentives, benchmarking, and report cards. Kelly and Clancy 3 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality share the twin goals of the agency: improving quality of care and enhancing patient safety. They urge pharmacy professionals to defend the helpless by aiding older Americans to make better health care decisions. The experience of one supermarket chain shows how this might be done—by integrating onsite pharmacy resources with a local statewide managed care organization to conduct health risk appraisals of the supermarket’s employees. 4
Voter Registration Services at an Academic Library: A Non-Traditional Reference Service

Academic library reference services are ideally suited to register students to vote. Voter registration services may be more commonly associated with public library settings, but experiences in an academic library at Illinois State University in the autumn of 2004, 2008, and 2012 indicate that we provided a valuable service to our campus community—one that filled a need for the library’s primary clientele of undergraduate students, most ranging in age from 18 to 24 years and eligible to vote for the first time. Aspects of voter registration are similar in style to reference interviews. Providing a non-traditional service is also an effective avenue for outreach to students and community organizations, as well as to state and municipal agencies.
Identification of A Novel Inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes that plays a key role in arachidonic acid metabolism. Arachidonic acid, upon oxygenation by 5-LOX, forms 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), which is further converted into proinflammatory leukotrienes such as LTB4 that can have detrimental biological effects. The PNPLA2 gene codes for PEDF-R, a lipase involved in cell survival and lipid metabolism, found in the RPE and retina. We have identified human PEDF-R peptide regions E5b (I193–L232) and P1 (T210-L249) that efficiently protected human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 and pig primary RPE cells from oxidative stress. We investigated whether binding and inhibiting 5-LOX by the PEDF-R peptides are critical to protect RPE cells during oxidative stress conditions. Peptide affinity chromatography showed that human recombinant 5-LOX binds to immobilized P1. The binding decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations, implying an ionic nature for the interaction....
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS AND CASE STUDIES: Breaking the Environmental Gridlock: Advance Mitigation Programs for Ecological Impacts

The environmental review process and the required federal and state permits for wetlands and endangered species impacts have been blamed for delays in the development of critical infrastructure pro...
Traits Associated with Personality Disorders and Adjustment to Military Life: Predictive Validity of Self and Peer Reports

This study demonstrated that traits and features associated with several types of personality disorders are related to work performance and the ability to conform to requirements of military life. The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality and a peer nomination procedure were used to assess traits associated with 10 types of personality disorders in a sample of 1,080 Air Force recruits (57% male) at the end of basic military training. Correlations between self-report and peer nomination scores for each set of traits ranged from 0.24 to 0.13, indicating only modest convergence. Follow-up data, collected 2 years later, indicated that several scores from the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality and the peer nomination procedure were significantly related to early discharge from the military. Peers provide useful information that is not redundant with that provided by the individual. When possible, assessment of personality problems should be considered from information obtained from peers or other informants.
How commonly do US abortion clinics offer contraceptive services

Background: About half of US women having abortions have already had at least one prior abortion. Facilitating access to contraception may help these women avoid subsequent unintended pregnancies. Information is needed to document the availability of contraceptive services in abortion care settings in the United States. Study Design: Data for this cross-sectional mixed-methods study were collected between December 2008 and September 2009 and come from two sources: 15 semistructured telephone interviews and 173 structured questionnaires administered to a nationally representative sample of eligible facilities. Respondents were administrators at large (400+ abortions per year), nonhospital facilities that provide abortion services in the United States. Results: Virtually all (96%) abortion clinics incorporate contraceptive education into abortion care, and the three most common methods reported to be distributed are the birth control pill (99%), the vaginal ring (61%) and Depo-Provera (58%). Almost one-third reported being able to offer post-abortion intrauterine device insertion. Most facilities (82%) accept some form of insurance for either contraceptive or abortion services, and those with a broader family planning focus are significantly more likely to do so. Administrators at the majority of facilities (56%) report that patients most commonly do not pay additional fees for contraceptive services because they are included in the cost of abortion services. Conclusion: Although almost all large, non-hospital abortion providers in the United States are able to provide some level of contraceptive care to their abortion patients, the degree to which they are able to do so is influenced by a wide range of factors.
Synthesis of nano-scale fast ion conducting cubic Li7La3Zr2O12

A solution-based process was investigated for synthesizing cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), which is known to exhibit the unprecedented combination of fast ionic conductivity, and stability in air and against Li. Sol-gel chemistry was developed to prepare solid metal-oxide networks consisting of 10 nm cross-links that formed the cubic LLZO phase at 600 ° C. Sol-gel LLZO powders were sintered into 96% dense pellets using an induction hot press that applied pressure while heating. After sintering, the average LLZO grain size was 260 nm, which is 13 times smaller compared to LLZO prepared using a solid-state technique. The total ionic conductivity was 0.4 mS cm(-1) at 298 K, which is the same as solid-state synthesized LLZO. Interestingly, despite the same room temperature conductivity, the sol-gel LLZO total activation energy is 0.41 eV, which 1.6 times higher than that observed in solid-state LLZO (0.26 eV). We believe the nano-scale grain boundaries give rise to unique transport phenomena that are more sensitive to temperature when compared to the conventional solid-state LLZO.
Investigating the Association of Health Literacy with Health Knowledge and Health Behavior Outcomes in a Sample of Urban Community College Undergraduates.

Background: There is a paucity of evidence associating health literacy metrics with adults' enhanced health knowledge, health status, health practices, or health behaviors. Purpose: Investigate whether health-literate undergraduates exhibit enhanced health knowledge, health status, health practices, or behaviors compared to non-health-literate cohorts. Methods A convenience sample of 362 urban undergraduates responded to (1) Short Test Functional Health Literacy in Adults, (2) Health Knowledge Inventory, and (3) the American College Health Association's (ACHA) National College Health Assessment. Results: Only 4 of 78 variables discriminated between subjects rated health literate and not health literate. Three of the 4 discriminating variables had a negative association between adequate health literacy and positive health outcomes. Discussion: There was no difference between undergraduates who qualified as health literate and not health literate in (1) a minimal standard of health knowledge; (2) positive h...
CCR4 Participation in Th Type 1 (Mycobacterial) and Th Type 2 (Schistosomal) Anamnestic Pulmonary Granulomatous Responses

CCR4 is purported to be a Th type 2 (Th2) cell-biased receptor but its functional role is unclear. Recent studies suggest that chemokine receptor expression and function are more complex in vivo and raise doubts regarding restricted CCR4 expression by Th2 cells. To address these issues, we analyzed the role of CCR4 in highly polarized models of Th type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell-mediated pulmonary granulomas, respectively, elicited by i.v. challenge of primed mice with either mycobacterial purified protein derivative or schistosomal egg Ag-coated beads. CCR4 agonists were expressed during both responses, correlating with a shift of CCR4+CD4+ T cells from blood to lungs. CCL22 dominated in draining nodes during the Th1 response. Analysis of CD4+ effector T cells revealed CCR4 expression and CCR4-mediated chemotaxis by both IFN-γ and IL-4 producers. Studies of CCR4 knockout (CCR4−/−) mice showed partial impairment of the local type-2 cytokine response and surprisingly strong impairment of the Th1 response with abrogated IFN-γ production during secondary but not primary challenge. Adoptive transfer indicated CCR4−/−CD4+ Th1 cell function was defective but this could not be reconstituted with wild-type (CCR4+/+) CD4+ T cells indicating involvement of another CCR4+ population. Coculture of CCR4+/+CD4+ T cells and CCR4−/− dendritic cells revealed intact IL-2 but impaired IFN-γ production, pointing to a role for CCR4+ dendritic cells in effector cell expression. Therefore, CCR4 is not Th2-restricted and was required for sustenance and expression of the Th1 effector/memory response to mycobacterial Ags.
Internal Friction of Simple Alkali Silicate Glasses Containing Alkaline‐Earth Oxides: I, Experimental Results

The internal friction of simple alkali silicate glasses to which systematic alkaline-earth oxide additions were made was investigated. These additions produced two significant results: (1) The two peaks previously reported in alkali silicate glasses were shifted to higher temperatures and decreased in height and (2) a third peak was found in some glasses which became more pronounced with increasing alkaline-earth oxide content. Internal friction measurements of alkali-free silicate and phosphate glasses also are described. In these glasses, peaks were present which closely resembled those found in glasses containing alkali.
Presumptive identification of Candida species other than C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis with the chromogenic medium CHROMagar Candida

CHROMagar Candida (CaC) is increasingly being reported as a medium used to differentiate Candida albicans from non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. Rapid identification of NAC can assist the clinician in selecting appropriate antifungal therapy. CaC is a differential chromogenic medium designed to identify C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis based on colony color and morphology. Some reports have proposed that CaC can also reliably identify C. dubliniensis and C. glabrata. We evaluated the usefulness of CaC in the identification of C. dubliniensis, C. famata, C. firmetaria, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. inconspicua, C. kefyr, C. lipolytica, C. lusitaniae, C. norvegensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. rugosa. Most NAC produced colonies that were shades of pink, lavender, or ivory. Several isolates of C. firmetaria and all C. inconspicua produced colonies difficult to differentiate from C. krusei. Most C. rugosa isolates produced unique colonies with morphology like C. krusei except in a light blue-green color. C. glabrata isolates produced small dark violet colonies that could be differentiated from the pink and lavender colors produced by other species. All seventeen isolates of C. dubliniensis produced green colonies similar to those produced by C. albicans. C. glabrata and C. rugosa appear distinguishable from other species using CaC. Some NAC, including C. firmetaria and C. inconspicua, could be confused with C. krusei using this medium.
Zooarchaeology: Zooarchaeological History and Theory

INTRODUCTION Research does not occur in an intellectual vacuum. When developing research designs, scholars should be familiar with both the history of their discipline and the current theoretical climate in the field in which they work. Zooarchaeology is such a diverse field that it is impossible to do justice to its history on a global scale; therefore, our emphasis is on zooarchaeology in the context of anthropological archaeology, primarily in the United States. Despite regional variations, it is surprising how similar zooarchaeology is internationally. This may result, in part, from international networks and the focus on animal remains. It may also be that the biological background of many zooarchaeologists and the relative youth of the field are responsible for the many shared features (Horton 1986). Nevertheless, it is important that students review literature from their study locale to learn about zooarchaeological trajectories in that specific area. Obituaries and dedicatory reviews are good sources of information about the field and collegial networks. Zooarchaeological research has two related goals: (1) to understand, through time and space, the biology and ecology of animals, and (2) to understand the structure and function of human behavior. To address these goals, theories and methods are drawn from a number of sources. The biological and physical sciences are one source. The second source is anthropology, particularly those methods and theories pertaining to the relationship of humans with their natural and social environments. A third source is archaeology itself, especially where anthropology and archaeology are separate disciplines.
Bounds for the best constant in Landau/s inequality on the line *

Explicit formulae and numerical values for upper and lower bounds for the best constant in Landau/s inequality on the real line are given. For p > 3, the value of the upper bound is less than the value of the best constant conjectured by Gindler and Goldstein ( J. Analyse Math. 28 (1975), 213–238).
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Ceramics: Silicon Carbide and Zinc Oxide

The application of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to the study of ceramic materials is demonstrated with analyses of SiC (6H) single crystals and polycrystalline ZnO both in air and under vacuum. In addition to observations of the surface structure of silicon carbide, mid-band-gap electronic states are identified, using STS under vacuum. Surfaces of the sintered ZnO were found to be terraced, having flat areas on the scale of tens of nanometers square, and typical step heights of 1 to 3 nm. The general conditions necessary to enable STM imaging of large-band-gap materials typical of most ceramics are discussed. In particular, the effects of doping to create mid-band-gap states and induce band bending due to space charging are illustrated in the analyses of SiC and ZnO.
Uranyl Soil Extraction and Fluorescence Enhancement by Nanoporous Silica Gel: pH effects

Nanoporous silica gel was employed to extract uranyl from contaminated soil and to enhance the fluorescence intensity and lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime and intensity of uranyl ions absorbed within nanoporous silica gel was measured from pH 1–13. The results show that the uranyl fluorescence intensity can be enhanced by approximately two orders of magnitude by the silica nanoporous matrix from pH 4–12 with the greatest enhancement occurring from pH 4–7. The enhanced fluorescence lifetime can be used in time-gated measurements to help minimize the influence of background environmental fluorophores.
Innovative HRM practices to lever flexible manufacturing systems

Summary form only given as follows. As manufacturers face a more competitive environment, they are forced to satisfy needs for productivity and flexibility simultaneously. To satisfy these needs and remain competitive, many manufacturers are upgrading their manufacturing technology by introducing flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The evidence, however, suggests that the payoffs from investing in FMS will not be adequate unless manufacturers also ensure their human resources lever the new technology. The programmable capabilities of FMS are limited to handling quickly and efficiently the more routine aspects of variable manufacturing processes. For FMS to achieve economies of scope and fulfil their promise, FMS need to be staffed by individuals who can lever FMS. These are individuals who can work with FMS, and who can go beyond the limitations of FMS by handling quickly and efficiently the less routine aspects of these manufacturing processes. To lever FMS, human resources need to be managed differently than in traditional factories. They need to be organized into self-managing teams; they need to be classified into few job categories; they need to be selected because of their FMS matching characteristics; they need to be trained; and they need to be rewarded for their varied skills and cooperation. Moreover, they need to be empowered by managers who substitute the coaching approach for the command and control approach, and who seek closer union-management relationships.
Reactivity and stability of Au in and on TS-1 for epoxidation of propylene with H2 and O2

Abstract The direct vapor-phase epoxidation of propylene using hydrogen and oxygen over gold particles prepared by the deposition-precipitation (DP) method on various modified titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) supports was studied over a reaction time of 24–36 h at a space velocity of 7000 ml g −1 cat h −1 and temperatures of 413, 443, and 473 K. Gold deposition at pH 9–10 allowed for a consistent amount of 1–3 wt% of the gold available in solution to be deposited, while still maintaining gold particle diameters in the 2–5 nm range, as observed by TEM. These Au/TS-1 catalysts achieved propylene conversions of 2.5–6.5% and PO selectivities of 60–85% at 443 K, with dilute Au and Ti catalysts exhibiting good stability. A key result of the work is that PO rates were not highly influenced by the TS-1 particle size and are thus not proportional to the specific external surface area of the support. The conclusion that activity may reside in the channels of the TS-1 is supported by the finding that the observable gold particles decorating the TS-1 particles only account for ca 30% of the total gold content of the catalyst. Increasing the gold loading up to 0.74 wt% did not increase the PO rates proportionally, suggesting that the active Au–Ti PO-forming centers are limited. In contrast to the prevailing interpretation of this catalyst that a critical Au particle diameter of 2–5 nm is essential for PO activity, our results are consistent with a molecular cluster model where extremely small gold clusters located near Ti sites inside the TS-1 pores or on the external surface are active for propylene epoxidation.
Distributions of vascular volume and compliance in the lung

The ether- and dye-dilution methods were used to estimate the arterial, capillary, and venous volumes and compliances in isolated dog lung lobes. In the range of arterial pressure from approximately 7 to 14.5 Torr and venous pressure of 1.4 to 10.8 Torr, the total lobar blood volume ranged from approximately 2 to approximately 2.6 ml/kg body wt. About 19% of the lobar vascular volume was in the arteries, approximately 59% was in the capillaries, and approximately 22% was in the veins. The lobar vascular compliance was approximately 0.065 ml.Torr-1.kg body wt-1 with an arterial-capillary-venous distribution of approximately 30:49:21. These results suggest that the largest fractions of the intralobar blood volume and compliance are in the capillary bed. The segmental compliances along with outflow occlusion data were used to place lower and upper bounds on the arterial, capillary, and venous resistances. These bounds were 13.6 and 61.4% of the total vascular resistance for the arteries, 0 and 59.4% for the capillaries, and 5.5 and 64.9% for the veins, respectively. These bounds are rather broad, but they help to put the information content of the occlusion data under the conditions of these experiments into perspective.
Abstract 3242: Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism is Associated with Worsening of Functional Outcome in Patients Undergoing Resection of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuroprotective agent rapidly elevated after brain injury and necessary for recovery. A functional polymorphism in the BDNF gene, Val66Met,...
Local earthquake tomography with the inclusion of full topography and its application to Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i

Abstract We develop a new three-dimensional local earthquake tomography algorithm with the inclusion of full topography (LETFT). We present both synthetic and real data tests based on the P- and S-wave arrival time data for Kīlauea volcano in Hawai'i. A total of 33,768 events with 515,711 P-picks and 272,217 S-picks recorded by 35 stations at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory are used in these tests. The comparison between the new and traditional methods based on the synthetic test shows that our new algorithm significantly improves the accuracy of the velocity model, especially at shallow depths. In the real data application, the P- and S-wave velocity models of Kīlauea show several intriguing features. We observe discontinuous high Vp (> 7.0 km/s) and Vs (> 3.9 km/s) zones at 5–14 km depth below Kīlauea caldera, its East Rift Zone (ERZ) and the Southwest Rift Zone, which may represent consolidated intrusive gabbro-ultramafic cumulates. At Kīlauea caldera, Vp and Vs decrease from ~ 3.9 km/s and ~ 2.6 km/s from the surface to ~ 3.7 km/s and ~ 2.3 km/s at 2 km depth. We resolve a high Vp zone (> 7.0 km/s) at 5–14 km depth and high Vs zone (> 3.9 km/s) at 5–11 km depth. This high Vp and Vs zone extends to the north of the ERZ at 5–10 km depth and to the upper ERZ at 8–12 km depth. In the Hilina Fault System, there is a high Vp layer (~ 7.0 km/s) at 4–6 km depth and a low Vp body of ~ 5.7 km/s at 6–11 km depth. The high Vp layer could be associated with the intrusive ultramafic gabbro sills. The velocity contrast on the north and south sides of the Koa'e Fault System indicates that the intrusive activities mainly occur to the north of the fault. Our new LETFT method performs well in both the synthetic and real data tests and we expect that it will reveal more robust velocity structures in areas with larger topographic variations.
Satellite Communications in the USSR

Satellite communications, specifically TV distribution, constituted the first commercial application of space technology in the USSR. Soviet comsat systems have been costly and technologically unsophisticated. The capacity of these systems is low. Little has been achieved in exploiting the potential of communication satellites for other tasks important for operation of the economy, such as telephony, facsimile transmission, or data exchange, due in part to competition with the military. The USSR has rejected membership in the International Telecommunications Satellite organization in favor of its own Intersputnik system, but has been an active member of the international organization Inmarsat. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 124, 620.
Influences of Sociocultural Factors Within the Clinical Learning Environment on Students' Perceptions of Learning: An Integrative Review

Background A persistent deficit in new graduate nurses' clinical reasoning skill exists. Clinical reasoning is best learned in the sociocultural clinical learning environment (CLE), yet many CLEs fail to engage nursing students in the cognitive work of nursing that promotes development of clinical reasoning. Despite two decades of recommendations to improve CLEs based on students' perceptions of learning, widespread improvement remains elusive. Objective The aim of this review was to synthesize what is known about the influence of sociocultural factors in the acute-care CLE on prelicensure nursing students' perceptions of learning, for the purpose of identifying factors that when modified may promote improvement of clinical reasoning skill. Method The integrative review methodology was used to synthesize and identify gaps in evidence on students' perceptions of learning in the acute-care CLE. Results Global commonalities exist in the impact of the sociocultural CLE on students' perceptions of learning, including overall sociocultural atmosphere, membership in the health care team, supervisory relationships, peer relationships, and clinical education structure. Conclusions This review provides evidence that modification of CLE factors and examination of their influence on measurable learning outcomes such as clinical reasoning are the necessary next steps to facilitate improvement of new graduate nurses' clinical reasoning skill.
CASE STUDY: Effects of timing of a modified-live respiratory viral vaccination on performance, feed intake, antibody titer response, and febrile response of beef heifers12

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of timing associated with the administration of a modified-live respiratory viral vaccine (bovine herpes virus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus) on d 0 or on d 14 of a receiving period on performance, feed intake, antibody titer response, and the febrile response in beef heifers. Our hypothesis was that vaccine timing will alter the febrile response and feed intake of feeder cattle. Thirty-six heifers (Angus and Angus crosses; initial BW = 265 ± 20 kg) were ranked by BW and assigned to treatment pens (9 pens total) in a completely randomized design. Treatments (3 pens/treatment with 4 heifers/pen) included no vaccine (CON), vaccination on d 0 (DO), and a delayed vaccination on d 14 (D14) of the receiving period. Heifers were fed in 6 × 12 m pens equipped with GrowSafe feeding systems. Daily feed intakes were recorded and BW measured on d − 1, 0, 14, 27, and 28. Temperature data loggers were attached to blank controlled intrauterine drug-release devices (CIDR; contained no active compound) that recorded vaginal temperatures every 5 min for the experiment; vaginal temperatures were then averaged for every hour before data analysis. All data were analyzed using pen as the experimental unit. No differences (P > 0.10) among treatments were observed for initial BW, final BW, ADG for d 0 to end, or overall G:F. A treatment × day interaction (P 0.10) among treatments were noted in the number of eating events per day. A treatment × day interaction (P
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GENE ARRANGEMENT CARRIERS IN DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS III. CYTOPLASMIC INFLUENCE ON FECUNDITY OF ARRANGEMENT HETEROZYGOTES

Competition experiments utilizing artificial populations designed to measure adaptive values of chromosomal variants from various Drosophila species have demonstrated in many instances that each arrangement from any particular locality at a single point in time may possess particular genetic properties maintained principally by the action of natural selection. Such genetic properties often must be perpetuated by a co-adaptation between two separate arrangements, that is, by the incorporation of higher net fitness in arrangement heterozygotes (Wright and Dobzhansky, 1946; Dobzhansky, 1952). In seeking for physiological properties which are determined by the gene contents of certain chromosomal arrangements from D. persimilis native to the Yosemite area of California, the author has found that the properties of the two most common arrangements (Whitney and Klamath of chromosome III) generally differed when comparing homozygotes, and heterozygotes often displayed heterosis (Spiess, Ketchel, and Kinne, 1952: Spiess, Terrile, and Blumenheim, 1952). It was in the egg-laying capacity experiments that a number of interesting facts lending support to expectations from competition experiments appeared (Spiess, 1950). 1) Flies homozygous for Whitney or Klamath differed in fecundity; 2) heterozygotes maintained a higher rate of production than either homozygote but differed in their production depending upon which arrangement was derived from the female parent. This difference in reciprocally derived heterozygotes though slight was nevertheless significant. Apparently while increased egg production was characteristic of the heterozygotes, an influence from cytoplasmic factors conditioned by the chromosomal arrangement of the female parent effected a detectable amount of difference in expression of heterosis. It was decided to test further this cytoplasmic conditioning effect in inversion heterozygotes by measuring the egg-laying capacity of Standard arrangement females and their heterozygotes with Whitney.
Startup instability in natural circulation driven nuclear reactors

Abstract Natural circulation driven nuclear reactors are prone to flow instability during the startup transients. This paper intends to provide the state-of-the-art reviews on the theoretical analysis and experimental studies on flow instability in three types of natural circulation driven reactors, ranging from conventional nuclear reactors to small modular reactors. Brief overviews of three categories of startup flow instability, i.e., density wave oscillations, flashing instability, and Geysering instability, are provided. A critical review is conducted for the scaling analysis and design of small scaled test facility. The review of obtaining quasi-steady state stability maps in the dimensionless stability plane through frequency domain analysis and experimental tests provides the state-of-the-art methodology of analyzing the flow instability. Experimental startup instability during different initial startup procedures is reviewed. Although extensive efforts have been made to study the flow instability, further work is required to improve the scaling ability of experimental investigation and the accuracy of code analysis. Some discussions for future research directions are given.
Automated Breast Ultrasound in Breast Cancer Screening of Women With Dense Breasts: Reader Study of Mammography-Negative and Mammography-Positive Cancers.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to assess and compare, in a reader study, radiologists' performance in the detection of breast cancer using full-field digital mammography (FFDM) alone and using FFDM with 3D automated breast ultrasound (ABUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this multireader, multicase, sequential-design reader study, 17 Mammography Quality Standards Act–qualified radiologists interpreted a cancer-enriched set of FFDM and ABUS examinations. All imaging studies were of asymptomatic women with BI-RADS C or D breast density. Readers first interpreted FFDM alone and subsequently interpreted FFDM combined with ABUS. The analysis included 185 cases: 133 noncancers and 52 biopsy-proven cancers. Of the 52 cancer cases, the screening FFDM images were interpreted as showing BI-RADS 1 or 2 findings in 31 cases and BI-RADS 0 findings in 21 cases. For the cases interpreted as BI-RADS 0, a forced BI-RADS score was also given. Reader performance was compared in terms of AUC under the ROC curve, sensi...
The Phenotypic Expression of Selective Disorders of Male Sexual Differentiation

AbstractNormal male sexual differentiation is the result of a series of individual steps that occur in an orderly fashion: testicular differentiation, mullerian regression, wolffian duct development, differentiation of the urogenital sinus and external genitalia, phallic growth and descent of the testes. Herein we present the pathophysiological mechanism by which selective disorders disrupt these normal events and produce specific phenotypes.
Self- and Observer Ratings on the NEO-FFI in Couples: Initial Evidence of the Psychometric Properties of an Observer Form.

The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Observer form of the five-factor model of personality by examining agreement between self- and observer ratings. Both partners of 49 young, adult couples rated themselves and their partners on the NEO-FFI. The results provide preliminary evidence of the measurement utility of the NEO-FFI Observer form. Specifically, (a) each personality scale possessed acceptable levels of internal reliability, (b) five factors consistent with the five-factor model of personality emerged in both ratings forms, and (c) there was significant self-observer agreement for all five personality scales. Self-observer agreement was assessed by correlations as well as analyses that test a more stringent definition of agreement. Overall, there is consensus across analyses that points to a substantial amount of concordance between partners' self- and observer ratings.
Beziehungen zu Gleichaltrigen

In ▶ Kap. 1 und 11 haben wir die schreckliche Lage von Kindern in Waisenhausern beschrieben, die soziale, emotionale und kognitive Defizite entwickelten, nachdem es ihnen an regelmasigen Interaktionen mit einem fursorglichen Erwachsenen fehlte. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg beobachteten Anna Freud – die Tochter von Sigmund Freud – und Sophie Dann (Freud und Dann 1972) eine bemerkenswerte Ausnahme von diesem Muster bei einer Gruppe von sechs deutsch-judischen Waisenkindern , die zu den Opfern des Hitler-Regimes gehorten und im Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt uberlebt hatten. Kurz nach ihrer Geburt waren ihre Eltern in Vernichtungslager nach Polen deportiert und ermordet worden. Die Kinder wurden danach an verschiedenen Zufluchtsorten versteckt, bevor sie, zwischen sechs und zwolf Monate alt, in ein „Sauglingszimmer“ kamen, wo sie von Haftlingen versorgt wurden. Ihre Betreuer waren unterernahrte und unter standiger Bedrohung lebende Gefangene, die um das Notigste fur die Kinder und ihr eigenes Uberleben kampften. Fur die Kinder, die uberlebten, gab es weder die Sicherheit, dass die Betreuerinnen bei ihnen bleiben wurden, noch dass sie sie im Konzentrationslager vor Bedrohungen schutzen konnten.
Fusion of bathymetric LiDAR and hyperspectral imagery for shallow water bathymetry

We propose combining a forward model based support vector regression and the semianalytical radiative transfer model to determine shallow water characteristics. The derived water depths were compared to both LiDAR derived water depths and field measured water depths. The bathymetry results show that both LiDAR and hyperspectral imagery are unable to retrieve water depth for deeper water (>7 m) due to the water attenuation. Fusion was also performed with the LiDAR bathymetry as a constraint on the hyperspectral imagery; the constraint varies the estimated water characteristics but we were not able to independently assess the performance because no measurements of water column characteristics were available. The retrieved hyperspectral bathymetry yielded a standard deviation of 20 cm when compared to LiDAR bathymetry.