cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of phlebotomy in the management of hemoglobin SC disease: case report and review of the literature

Marked variability is a keynote in the disease course of patients with hemoglobin SC (Hb SC) and hemoglobin S/beta(+)-thalassemia (Hb S/beta(+)-thal), with some patients having a frequency of complications and painful episodes similar to patients with homozygous sickle cell (Hb SS) disease. One possible explanation is that the higher hematocrit in these syndromes may contribute to an increase in blood viscosity, leading to vaso-occlusive pain episodes as well as an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications and retinopathy. We present a patient with Hb SC disease with an excellent baseline functional status who developed splenic infarction at a high altitude. Following splenectomy, the patient developed a sustained increase in hematocrit, an increase in the frequency of painful episodes, as well as new-onset dizziness and malaise. We initiated a therapeutic phlebotomy program in order to lower the hematocrit to pre-splenectomy values, as well as to induce iron deficiency. Repeated phlebotomy resulted in a dramatic decrease in symptoms. Our patient no longer requires narcotic analgesics for pain, has resolution of constitutional symptoms, and has not required further hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive pain crises. The correlation between symptoms and hematocrit levels supports the importance of blood viscosity in contributing to this patient's symptoms. A trial of phlebotomy to reduce viscosity in patients with higher hematocrit values should be considered as an intervention for symptomatic patients with sickle cell disease.
The health unit: A therapeutic community: Psychodrama, play therapy and transactional analysis

Resume L'auteur, infirmiere, et une therapeute de groupe, suggere que certaines approches en usage dans les groupes de traitement pourraient aider le personnel de cadre des services de sante a faire face aux exigences de leurs tâches. L'epuisant souci journalier des individus irrecuperables, misereux et handicapes, rebutes par la societe, et les necessites bureaucratiques peuvent engendrer des tensions qui empechent ce personnel d'assumer un service reellement humanitaire. On estime que le personnel infirmier, de cadre et autre, doit pouvoir aborder ses tâches avec des sentiments de cohesion et de detente, qui augmentent leur aptitude a servir les patients. On suggere aussi que le service de sante peut etre une collectivite therapeutique ou les cadres peuvent acquerir des vues sur leur propre travail et mieux comprendre leur propre role en tant qu'agents de traitement. L'auteur commente differentes techniques, telles que le psychodrame et l'analyse transactionnelle, et les illustre d'exemples. La condition preliminaire de ces pratiques est la presence d'un chef doue de chaleur et de gentillesse, a l'esprit porte aux tâches collectives et familiarise avec la dynamique du traitement de groupe avec analyse transactionnelle.
A factor mediating interaction of kinins with the genetic material.

1. 1. Kinetin increases the rate of RNA synthesis by isolated nuclei of tobacco and soybean tissue culture cells and of pea buds. 2. 2. The addition of kinetin alone to an RNA synthesizing system consisting of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and pea bud chromatin does not increase RNA synthesis. 3. 3. However, in the presence of a protein mediator which is removed from chromatin during its purification kinetin does increase rate of RNA synthesis with the pea bud chromatin- E. coli RNA polymerase system. This effect is not attributable to differences in the rate of hydrolysis of RNA or ATP in the presence and absence of the hormone. Zeatin can substitute for kinetin in this reaction. 4. 4. In the presence of the cytokinin-reactive protein, kinetin causes an increase in RNA synthesis even when the chromatin template is replaced by purified DNA. This effect is specific for homologous DNA. Pea bud DNA is effective; DNAs from E. coli, Tetrahymena pyriformis, rat liver, calf thymus, and cauliflower are ineffective.
Structural organization of the human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene.

Abstract Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) catalyzes the third step in leucine catabolism. The genetic deficiency of IVD causes isovaleric acidemia. The functional IVD gene spans approximately 15 kb and consists of 12 exons and 11 introns, with the exon size ranging from 52 to 728 bp. The poly(A) addition site begins 21 nucleotides downstream of this signal. The 5′-flanking region contained typical promoter elements such as TATA and CAT boxes in addition to other putative regulatory sequences. The transcription start site appeared to be located 344 bp upstream of the initiator methionine codon. The GC content in this region is very high. In Northern blot analysis, the IVD cDNA probe hybridized to three RNA species or sizes 2.1, 3.6, and 4.8 kb, respectively. The 2.1-kb band corresponds to the size of IVD cDNA. The results from experiments using an IVD-specific oligomer and stringent washes with 3.0 M tetramethylammonium chloride suggested that high GC content may have caused hybridization of the probe to the 3.6- and 4.8-kb species.
Elimination of surface site blockage due to ethyl species in MOMBE of ZnSe

The metalorganic molecular beam epitaxial growth of ZnSe using diethylzinc and/or diethylselenium gas sources results in an abnormally low growth rate of several hundred angstroms per hour. Experiments with dimethylzinc or elemental zinc with elemental selenium confirm that adsorbed ethyl-based radicals contribute to the low growth rate. Surface sites for incorporation of the metal atom are saturated by the chemisorbed ethyl radicals or by an ethyl molecule that is postulated to cause the growth rate limitation. It is observed that laser and electron beam irradiation overcome the site blockage phenomenon under appropriate growth conditions. For beam-assisted growth, significant increases over the unilluminated growth rate are measured. Experiments designed to investigate the wavelength dependence of the photon-enhanced growth rate provide evidence that photo-generated electron/hole pairs are necessary to assist in releasing the ethyl radical from the unpyrolyzed DEZn molecule that is adsorbed to the surface.
Subtyping eating disorders: is it justified?

ABSTRACT Objective DSM-IV subtypes anorexia nervosa by the presence or absence of bulimic symptoms. Assessing whether bulimic symptoms are related to the probability of recovery can provide justification for subtyping of anorexia. Method Two hundred twenty-five treatment-seeking women with anorexia and/or bulimia nervosa were interviewed every 3 months for up to 4 years. Survival methods were used for analyses. Results Less than half of the entire cohort recovered; however, the great majority of the women became less symptomatic over time. Contrary to findings from previous studies, bulimic anorexics had a higher rate of recovery than restricting anorexics. Conclusion Differences in course provide some support for the subtyping of anorexia nervosa. Additional prospective studies are needed before subtyping can be warranted.
Prediction of a conserved, neutralizing epitope in ribosome-inactivating proteins

Abstract The secondary structures, side-chain solvent accessibilities, and superpositioned crystal structures of the A-chain of ricin and four other plant rRNA N-glycosidases (ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIPs) were examined. Previously, a 26-residue fragment from the A-chain of ricin was determined to bind to a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The region in the native ricin A-chain, to which this peptide corresponds, is solvent-exposed and contains a negatively charged residue that has been hypothesized to participate in the toxin’s function, namely, rRNA binding and/or enzymatic activity. This region appears to be conserved in all of the structurally defined plant RIPs examined. Moreover, other plant RIPs, whose tertiary structures are, as yet, unknown, were predicted to have an analogous, solvent-exposed region containing a conserved, negatively charged residue. By analogy, these conserved structural and functional features lead to the suggestion that this exposed region represents a logical starting point for experiments designed to locate neutralizing epitopes in these RIPs. In contrast, the tertiary structure of the analogous region in a bacteria-derived RIP (Shiga toxin) is a less solvent-exposed, truncated loop and is a structure that is not as likely to be a neutralizing epitope. Because most of the amino acid residues are not conserved within this exposed region, these RIPs are predicted to be antigenically distinct.
Dimensions That Characterize Supervisor Interventions Delivered in the Context of Live Supervision of Practicum Counselors.

This study empirically examined underlying dimensions from actual supervisory statements taken from interventions occurring during live supervision of counseling interviews. Multidimensional scaling revealed 6 dimensions: (a) directing-instructing vs. deepening, (b) cognitive clarification vs. emotional encouragement, (c) confronting vs. encouraging the client, (d) didactic-distant vs. emotionally involved, (e) joining with vs. challenging the trainee, (f) providing direction vs. resignation.
A note on local duality

Let ( R , [mfr ]) be a local Noetherian ring. We show that if R is complete, then an R -module M satisfies local duality if and only if the Bass numbers μ i ([mfr ], M ) are finite for all i . The class of modules with finite Bass numbers includes all finitely generated, all Artinian, and all Matlis reflexive R -modules. If the ring R is not complete, we show by example that modules with finite Bass numbers need not satisfy local duality. We prove that Matlis reflexive modules satisfy local duality in general, where R is any local ring with a dualizing complex.
Exploring Lyric, Epic, and Dramatic Voices: Stages of Incandescence in the Poetry of the Aged.

Relative to Jungian therapist Kane's finding that retrieval of imagination indicates healing, this study explores what happens between the poet's images, which draw us outside ourselves, and the poet's lyric, epic, and dramatic voices, which not only guide us between imagination and self, but allow new relationships to form between self and psyche. True relationships between psyche and lyric, epic, and dramatic voices are identified and discussed as they unweave unwholesome relationships and engage the elderly's power to create images—to recover imagination. Ways lyric-epic-dramatic voice relationships can be used diagnostically and to document growth are suggested.
ZoneFS: Stripe remodeling in cloud data centers

Cloud data centers will contain tens of thousands of servers with massive aggregate bandwidth requirements for generating, accessing, and analyzing immense amounts of data. The I/O requirements of the myriad applications that these data centers must support run the gamut from extreme IOPS intensive to extreme bandwidth intensive. Delivering high performance with unreliable commodity hardware for this range of workloads is truly a grand challenge. ZoneFS is a parallel file system that targets cloud data center infrastructures built up of commodity network switches. ZoneFS employs a highly-available and flexible storage architecture that divides a cluster switch hierarchy into zones and stripes data across servers and disks to maximize aggregate I/O throughput and avoid storage server hotspots. In this paper, we present the overall design and implementation of ZoneFS and evaluate its key features with several cloud computing workloads. Our experimental results show that ZoneFS can improve application runtime performance by up to 76% over standard parallel file systems and by up to 85% over Internet-scale file systems.
Assessing the public's demand for hate crime penalties

In this article, we analyze responses from a nationally representative sample of American adults to determine public attitudes toward punishment for hate crimes. While attitudinal polls find strong support for hate crime laws, criminological research provides reasons to believe that this support may be weaker than assumed. Our findings suggest that, while there is minimal public support for harsher penalties for offenders who commit hate crimes, attitudes toward punishment, treatment, and minority rights are predictive of preferences for differential treatment of hate crime offenders. We discuss possible implications of these results in our conclusion.
A03 Juvenile Huntington's disease

Juvenile Huntington's disease is defined as having an onset <20 years. Based on a meta analyisis of 11 post 1980 studies using multiple methods of ascertainment from high income countries (as defined by the World Bank), the proportion of JHD cases was 4.81%, 95% CI 3.31% to 6.58%. These patients are more likely to have bradykinesia and dystonia at an early stage of the illness. A review of the literature on CAG repeat lengths, duration of illness and pharmacological treatment in JHD will be presented. The results of in depth semi-structured interviews with 14 parents from 4 European countries studied using interpretative phenomenological analysis will be reported. Five main themes emerged: early signs of JHD; parental understanding of JHD; living with JHD; knowledge and understanding; and support. These results will be compared with a similar, previously reported study from the UK. The lecture will conclude with proposals for future activity and research.
Tactile defensiveness and stereotyped behaviors.

Objectives This study explores the constructs of stereotyped behaviors (e.g., repetitive motor patterns, object manipulations, behavioral rigidities) and tactile defensiveness as relevant to occupational therapy theory and practice and attempts to test their purported relationships in children with developmental disabilities. Method Twenty-eight children with developmental disabilities and autism were assessed on eight factors of stereotyped behavior via a questionnaire and by four measures of tactile defensiveness. The subjects' scores from the questionnaire were correlated with their scores on the tactile defensiveness measures to see what, if any, relationship among these behaviors exists. Results Significant relationships emerged from the data, indicating that subjects with higher levels of tactile defensiveness were also more likely to evidence rigid or inflexible behaviors, repetitive verbalizations, visual stereotypes, and abnormal focused affections that are often associated with autism. No significant association was found between motor and object stereotypes and tactile defensiveness. These relationships could not be explained solely by maturational factors. Conclusion The results suggest that clinicians should include observations of stereotyped behaviors, particularly behavioral rigidities, in conjunction with assessments of sensory defensiveness because these are related phenomena that may pose unique challenges for children with developmental disabilities and autism. Further study is needed to determine the causal mechanisms responsible for these relationships.
Aspirin administration in ED patients who presented with undifferentiated chest pain: age, race, and sex effects.

Abstract Study Objectives The study aimed to determine whether aspirin therapy was differentially administered according to race, sex, or age in patients with undifferentiated chest pain who presented to an urban academic emergency department. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients older than 24 years who presented with chest pain between July 1999 and March 2002. Patients were grouped according to 30-day final diagnosis: acute myocardial infarction AMI, unstable angina USA, and non–acute coronary syndrome (ACS) chest pain. Data were analyzed using Fisher exact test and relative risk regression using the Gaussian estimating equation. Results There were 4478 patient visits, of which 4470 (99.8%) had complete information. Mean age was 52.2 ± 15.8 years. Blacks were 70.1% (n = 3135), whites 26.3% (n = 1175), and other 3.6% (n = 159). Women comprised 59.0% (n = 2639) of the patients. Aspirin therapy differed by race, sex, age, and final diagnosis. Patients who received aspirin were more likely to be white (60% vs 54%, P = .0009) or have an ACS diagnosis (82% vs 50%, P P > .05). There were significant sex and age differences for non-ACS chest pain patients: men (53% vs 48% women, P = .0009) and older patients (>55 years, 60% vs 44% younger, P Conclusion For patients with undifferentiated chest pain, overall race, sex, and age differences were explained by higher rates of aspirin administered to older men with non-ACS chest pain.
Novelties of the flowering plant pollen tube underlie diversification of a key life history stage

The origin and rapid diversification of flowering plants has puzzled evolutionary biologists, dating back to Charles Darwin. Since that time a number of key life history and morphological traits have been proposed as developmental correlates of the extraordinary diversity and ecological success of angiosperms. Here, I identify several innovations that were fundamental to the evolutionary lability of angiosperm reproduction, and hence to their diversification. In gymnosperms pollen reception must be near the egg largely because sperm swim or are transported by pollen tubes that grow at very slow rates (< ≈20 μm/h). In contrast, pollen tube growth rates of taxa in ancient angiosperm lineages (Amborella, Nuphar, and Austrobaileya) range from ≈80 to 600 μm/h. Comparative analyses point to accelerated pollen tube growth rate as a critical innovation that preceded the origin of the true closed carpel, long styles, multiseeded ovaries, and, in monocots and eudicots, much faster pollen tube growth rates. Ancient angiosperm pollen tubes all have callosic walls and callose plugs (in contrast, no gymnosperms have these features). The early association of the callose-walled growth pattern with accelerated pollen tube growth rate underlies a striking repeated pattern of faster and longer-distance pollen tube growth often within solid pathways in phylogenetically derived angiosperms. Pollen tube innovations are a key component of the spectacular diversification of carpel (flower and fruit) form and reproductive cycles in flowering plants.
METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED FOR COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLES AT THE STATE LEVEL

Described is one specific effort to better estimate commercial motor vehicle-related exposure at the state level in order to better determine commercial motor vehicle-related crash rates for state and federal programs. Limitations in the crash and exposure data affect the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and a state's ability to plan and assess operations and conduct ongoing analyses of program effectiveness. One important limitation has been the lack of reliable estimates of commercial motor vehicle exposure data at the state level. Exposure data, for the purpose of this report, are defined as the number of truck and bus vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Described is the methodology that was developed to calculate adjusted state VMT for commercial vehicles; results are presented for 1999 and 2000. The results support estimation of crash involvement rates for each state and provide exposure data for other analytical studies. The methodology to calculate adjusted state VMT for commercial motor vehicles has resulted in improved information resources in support of all crash analyses. The adjusted state VMT for commercial vehicles supports measurement of program effectiveness and development of countermeasures to promote motor carrier safety. The adjusted state VMT for commercial motor vehicles methodology and the commercial vehicle fatal-crash involvement rate reports enable state and federal agencies to better focus their safety programs and enforcement resources.
Characterization of promoter 1B in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene.

Abstract At least three different promoter regions (1A, 1B, and 1C) are involved in the expression of the human GR gene. Promoters 1B and 1C are found in a 2800 bp region of DNA immediately upstream of the exon 1C transcriptional initiation site. Transcripts containing either exon 1B or 1C are expressed in a wide variety of human tissues and cultured cells. Luciferase reporter constructs were created containing promoter 1B plus 1C (−2738 to +19), promoter 1B (−2738 to −1046) alone, or promoter 1C (−1045 to +19) alone. All three constructs were equally effective in driving luciferase expression in HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cells. In Jurkat (human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells, constructs containing promoters 1B plus 1C or promoter 1B were equally active, but the promoters 1B plus 1C construct was 35% more active than the promoter 1C construct. However, in HepG2 (human hepatoma) cells, the promoter 1C construct was as effective as promoters 1B plus 1C and more than twice as effective as promoter 1B. Sequences that reside proximal to the exon 1B transcriptional start site included three Sp1 (FP2-FP4) sites. Another site (FP1) contains the sequence TGATAG, which strongly resembles the consensus binding sequence for the GATA family of transcription factors. However, oligonucleotide competition and supershift analysis of FP1 indicates that this site is not a binding site for GATA proteins. These four sites are in addition to three YY1 and one Sp1 sites previously reported in promoter 1B. In HeLa cells, deletion of the three YY1 sites results in only a 30% loss of activity and substantial loss of activity occurs only after deletion of all four Sp1 sites, indicating the critical importance of Sp1 in GR expression in these cells. In contrast, the elimination of the three YY1 sites results in a dramatic decrease in promoter strength in both HepG2 and Jurkat cells (64 and 77%, respectively), while subsequent deletions of promoter elements do not result in substantial changes in promoter activity in these cell lines. This study shows that both promoters 1B and 1C are important for the ubiquitous expression of the human GR gene. Differences in the utilization of these promoters in various cell types are likely a reflection of different promoter availability and/or the levels of specific transcription factors in the cell. This could contribute to tissue-specific expression of GR levels in different cell types.
An omni-directional comparison between common-emitter and common-base SiGe HBTs

The unique device structures of SiGe HBTs, in comparison to Si bipolar homojunction transistors (BJTs), allow us to reconsider the value of common-base (CB) configuration for high-frequency amplifications. In this paper, an omni-directional comparison between common-emitter (CE) and common-base SiGe power HBTs is made. By comparing the power gain, power handling, linearity, noise and stability characteristics between these two configurations, significant advantages for circuit design can be obtained by using the proper configuration of SiGe HBTs for certain amplifier applications
TEM and Electrical Analysis of Sputtered Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Thin Films on Flexible Copper Substrates

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) films were deposited on copper foils by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. These films will be an integral part of flexible capacitor sheets intended for space borne re-configurable antenna arrays. By the use of controlled pO2 high temperature anneals, the films were fully crystallized in the absence of substrate oxidation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed no existence of copper oxidation (i.e. Cu2O or CuO phases). The deposited BST films exhibit a high permittivity (625) and a low tan δ (0.020) at zero bias and room temperature. A pronounced electrical tunability ratio of 3.5:1 is observed on these devices. Devices show loss tangents as low as 0.003 in fields approaching 400 kV/cm. Electrical field calculations are based on cross-sectional atomic force microscopy (AFM) images that reveal a film thickness of 800 nm. Temperature dependent measurements show a Tmax ∼ 230 K with a diffuse dielectric anomaly. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses indicate a conformal film with a mixed grain morphology and an abrupt Cu/BST interface.
Carrion's Disease. II. Comparative Morphology of the Etiolog-ical Agent in Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana.

ConclusionsBartonella-filled cells were found in large numbers in nearly all organs of human Oroya fever cases, in cutaneous nodules from a febrile and non-anemic cases of verruga peruma, and in cutaneous nodules produced in monkeys by inoculation with human material from both of the above sources. The morphological identity of the organisms, and the essential identity of the patterns produced by them within cells in all of the above tissues furnish additional evidence that Oroya fever and verruga peruana have a common etiological agent, Bartonella bacilliformis.
ON THE SPECTRA OF JOHNSON GRAPHS

The spectrum of a Johnson graph is known to be given by the Eberlein polynomial. In this paper, a straightforward representation-theoretic derivation of this fact is presented. Also discussed are some consequences of this formula, such as the fact that infinitely many of them are Ramanujan.
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Aerosols

Abstract Aerosol science and technology have been extended to numerous different products over the past 10–15 years, as evidenced by the fact that during 1973 over 2.9 billion aerosol units were produced in the United States and Canada (1). This amount, together with the over 1.5 billion units produced in the rest of the world, makes an impressive record based upon units produced ( 2 ). However, not so impressive when compared to these figures is the total production of pharmaceutical aerosols during the past years. In 1973 this production amounted to approximately 45 million units (1). Included were such products as antiasthmatic sprays, burn treatments, room vaporizers, antiseptics, oral anesthetics, contraceptives, fungicides, and various dermatological products. These product types are representative of the nature of pharmaceuticals packaged in aerosol form.
Reinforcing the 4 R's of Environmental Education

(2004). Reinforcing the 4 R's of Environmental Education. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 113-116.
Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone.

Sterilization by gamma radiation impairs the mechanical properties of bone allografts. Previous work related to radiation-induced embrittlement of bone tissue has been limited mostly to monotonic testing which does not necessarily predict the high-cycle fatigue life of allografts in vivo. We designed a custom rotating-bending fatigue device to answer the following questions: (1) Does gamma radiation sterilization affect the high-cycle fatigue behavior of cortical bone; and (2) how does the fatigue life change with cyclic stress level? The high-cycle fatigue behavior of human cortical bone specimens was examined at stress levels related to physiologic levels using a custom-designed rotating-bending fatigue device. Test specimens were distributed among two treatment groups (n = 6/group); control and irradiated. Samples were tested until failure at stress levels of 25, 35, and 45 MPa. At 25 MPa, 83% of control samples survived 30 million cycles (run-out) whereas 83% of irradiated samples survived only 0.5 million cycles. At 35 MPa, irradiated samples showed an approximately 19-fold reduction in fatigue life compared with control samples (12.2 × 106 ± 12.3 × 106 versus 6.38 × 105 ± 6.81 × 105; p = 0.046), and in the case of 45 MPa, this reduction was approximately 17.5-fold (7.31 × 105 ± 6.39 × 105 versus 4.17 × 104 ± 1.91 × 104; p = 0.025). Equations to estimate high-cycle fatigue life of irradiated and control cortical bone allograft at a certain stress level were derived. Gamma radiation sterilization severely impairs the high cycle fatigue life of structural allograft bone tissues, more so than the decline that has been reported for monotonic mechanical properties. Therefore, clinicians need to be conservative in the expectation of the fatigue life of structural allograft bone tissues. Methods to preserve the fatigue strength of nonirradiated allograft bone tissue are needed. As opposed to what monotonic tests might suggest, the cyclic fatigue life of radiation-sterilized structural allografts is likely severely compromised relative to the nonirradiated condition and therefore should be taken into consideration. Methods to reduce the effect of irradiation or to recover structural allograft bone tissue fatigue strength are important to pursue.
The omnivore’s neighborhood? Online restaurant reviews, race, and gentrification:

Social media users who post restaurant reviews on the website Yelp.com act as both prosumers or produsers and “discursive investors” in gentrification. Their unpaid online reviews create cultural and financial value for individual restaurants and also construct a positive or negative image of their locations that may lead to economic investment. Moreover, Yelp reviewers show marked preferences in terms of race. Examining 7046 Yelp reviews of restaurants in a predominantly White-gentrifying and a predominantly Black-gentrifying neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY, shows far more reviewers draw attention to the urban locale when the majority of residents are Black. A framing analysis of 1056 reviews that mention the neighborhood indicates that most Yelp reviewers feel positive about the White neighborhood, where they consider the traditional Polish restaurants “authentic” and “cozy,” while they feel negative about the Black neighborhood, which they criticize for a dearth of dining options and an atmosphere of dirt...
Post-transaction Communications and Dissonance Reduction:

Are certain post-transaction communications from a retailer to recent purchasers effective in assisting consumers in reducing cognitive dissonance? This question is evaluated. Also discussed are th...
Techniques for in utero endoscopic surgery. A new approach for fetal intervention.

In utero open surgery can salvage many fetuses with life-threatening anomalies. This approach carries risks, especially from preterm labor induced by the hysterotomy incision. In an effort to decrease uterine injury during hysterotomy, we developed techniques for endoscopic manipulation of the fetus. We developed these methods in fetal lambs. The uterus was exposed and insufflated with CO2. As a model forin utero surgery, a simulated cleft lip was created and immediately repaired using intracorporeal suturing and knot-tying procedures. The techniques for endoscopic suture placement and knot-tying were based on microsurgical principles. We also designed and created several specialized instruments to facilitate precise work in this highly magnified surgical field. The novel techniques of endoscopic fetal surgery described here offer an alternate approach to fetal intervention. Our future goals include the application of these techniques to a nonhuman primate model and the development of precutaneous access methods.
The Amanitae of Washington

The literature dealing with the Agaricaceae of Washington is rather meager and the field relatively new. In 1922 when Dr. C. H. Kauffman visited this state on a mycological trip he made the remark that "the collector is astonished?nay, somewhat alarmed at his ignorance?to find so many (mushrooms) that appear to be undescribed." During the same visit he made another significant statement that "as a rule the mushrooms of Western Washington and Oregon are Friesian or new," indicating that our forms are more like those found in Sweden than those of
Multiscale assessment of methylarsenic reactivity in soil. 1. Sorption and desorption on soils.

Methylated forms of arsenic (As), monomethy- larsenate (MMA), and dimethylarsenate (DMA) have histori- cally been used as herbicides and pesticides. Because of their large application to agriculture fields and the toxicity of MMA and DMA, the persistency of these compounds in the environ- ment is of great concern. MMA and DMA sorption and desorption were investigated in soils, varying in mineralogical and organic matter (OM) contents. Sorption studies showed that the MMA sorption capacity and rate were greater than DMAsorption. Al/Fe-oxyhydroxides were the mainsorbents in the soils, and the sorption capacity was proportional to the Al/Feconcentrationinthesoils.ExtendedX-rayabsorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies showed that both MMA/DMA-Fe interatomic distances were around 3.3 A, which were indicative of bidentate binuclear inner-sphere complex formation. Desorption studies showed that not all of the sorbed MMA or DMA was desorbed due to the strong binding between MMA/DMA and Al/Fe-oxyhydroxide surfaces via possible inner-sphere complex formation. The amount of the desorbed MMA and DMA decreased as the sorption residence time increased. For example, 77% of sorbed MMA was desorbed from the Reybold subsoil after 1 day residence time, while 66% of sorbed MMA was desorbed from the soil after six months of residence time. The decreases in desorption were likely due to As speciation changes from MMA/DMA to inorganic arsenate, which was more strongly bound to the surface.
Irruptive Migration of Common Redpolls

We do not know whether the movements of irruptive migrants are fundamentally different from more conventional migration of birds to their wintering areas because irruptive migration has never been thoroughly described for any species on a continent-wide scale. We use data from a citizen-based monitoring program, Project FeederWatch, to describe the patterns of movements of redpolls (principally Carduelis flammea) across North America in 1993-1994, the winter of a major irruptive migration. Although redpolls moved into new areas during this irruptive migration, the normal wintering range was not completely abandoned. In fact, redpolls were more prevalent in the southern part of their normal wintering range in an irruption year than was typical in non-irruption years. There also was no indication that the majority of the North American population of redpolls moved continuously through the winter: although redpolls peaked in prevalence at different times across the continent, their spring departure was relatively synchronous across the entire continent Group sizes were typically smaller the later redpolls arrived in a region, also suggesting that the entire redpoll population did not move continuously. In contrast to a non-irruptive migrant, the American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea), redpolls arrived at feeders in a given region later but reached peak densities more quickly. Our results suggest that the irruptive migration of redpolls is more allied to conventional winter migration than to nomadism.
myPhyloDB: a local web server for the storage and analysis of metagenomic data

myPhyloDB v.1.1.2 is a user-friendly personal database with a browser-interface designed to facilitate the storage, processing, analysis, and distribution of microbial community populations (e.g. 16S metagenomics data). MyPhyloDB archives raw sequencing files, and allows for easy selection of project(s)/sample(s) of any combination from all available data in the database. The data processing capabilities of myPhyloDB are also flexible enough to allow the upload and storage of pre-processed data, or use the built-in Mothur pipeline to automate the processing of raw sequencing data. myPhyloDB provides several analytical (e.g. analysis of covariance,t-tests, linear regression, differential abundance (DESeq2), and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA)) and normalization (rarefaction, DESeq2, and proportion) tools for the comparative analysis of taxonomic abundance, species richness and species diversity for projects of various types (e.g. human-associated, human gut microbiome, air, soil, and water) for any taxonomic level(s) desired. Finally, since myPhyloDB is a local web-server, users can quickly distribute data between colleagues and end-users by simply granting others access to their personal myPhyloDB database. myPhyloDB is available athttp://www.ars.usda.gov/services/software/download.htm?softwareid=472 and more information along with tutorials can be found on our websitehttp://www.myphylodb.org. Database URL:http://www.myphylodb.org.
Structural controls on middle Cretaceous sedimentation in the Toney Butte area of the Mitchell inlier, Ochoco basin, central Oregon

Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the Mitchell inlier of central Oregon accumulated in a forearc basin within a poorly understood part of the North American Cordillera. Sedimentary units are broadly to tightly folded and include the Albian Hudspeth Formation (marine mudstone and turbidites) and the Cenomanian Gable Creek Formation (submarine-fan conglomerate and sandstone). Previous and new mapping in the Toney Butte area reveals interference of the NE-trending Mitchell anticline and the NW-trending, basement-cored Toney Butte anticline. The entire ~1.2–1.4 km thick Main Mudstone member of the Hudspeth Formation pinches out across the Toney Butte anticline, and the overlying Gable Creek Formation is laterally continuous and rests depositionally on basement rock in the core of the fold. Two leading hypotheses are considered to explain these relationships: (1) Pinch-out of the Main Mudstone member is due to preexisting erosional paleotopography, and all folds are Tertiary in age; or (2) the Toney Butte anticline initially grew during deposition of the Main Mudstone member, was overlapped by the Gable Creek Formation, and was further folded and rotated after deposition of Cretaceous strata. Based on critical map and stratigraphic relationships, we favor the second hypothesis. Accounting for ~37° of postbasinal clockwise rotation, the data are interpreted to record growth of a basement-cored anticline due to north-south crustal shortening during Albian sedimentation in a large forearc basin. We infer that this folding episode resulted from regional transpression associated with northward translation of accreted terranes in the Blue Mountains along the western U.S. Cordilleran margin.
Etiological and antibodies′detection for typhoid and paratyphoid bacillus among different population in Chengjiang

Objective:To aquire the antibody titer for typhoid and paratyphoid and the bacterial epidemic situation among different population in Chengjiang and then to help prevent and control typhoid and paratyphoid.Methods:Basal datas were collected from different population and then the typhoid and paratyphoid bacterials and their antibodies were detected.The separated bacterials were used for drug resistance analysis.Results:Antibody type O≥80 were 17.51% and antibody type H ≥80 were 4.3% among ordinary population.The blood cuture results showed that the bacterial prevalence rates were 2.97% and the antibody serum positive rates were 33.13% among special population(with temperature≥37.5℃ at least for three days) and all the detected bacterials were paretyphoid type A.Drug sensitive test showed 100% of the bacterials were sensitive to Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium and resistant to Rifampicin.Conclusion:Paratyphoid type A was epidemic in Chengjiang.The use of both etiology and antibody tests for one serum specimen would enhance positive rate.Subclinical infection were common among ordinary people.Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control the typhoid and paratyphoid in Chengjiang.
We Study the Class,and I Study Us:A Group Research in A Distance Class

At the education school of a large public research university in the Midwest of the United States,twelve graduate students from two campuses enrolled in an course titled "Action Research".The course instructor,Dr.Z.,alternated her presence between two sites.The class alternated between being online with video and on campus.YEH was the acronym of a team of three students in this class from one campus,and the team conducted a group research project as a required course assignment.For this project,the group explored the unique complication distance education brings to online course discussions.They employed the research methods learned in class,collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data,and used the findings to outline an action plan for distance education classes.The first section of the paper presents the procedure and findings of the action research project conducted by the YEH team.As a student of action research and a member of the YEH research team,I found myself applying several principles of action research intentionally or not throughout the process.A research question sprang up regarding what student researchers learned about action research from this assignment.Based on the portfolio compiled by the YEH team that recorded the entire study,the interview data with the other two team members and my own research journal,the second section of this paper addresses this question and advances suggestions for instructors who desire to improve student learning with group research projects.
Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

INTRODUCTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER The impact of traumatic events and the behavioral sequelae associated with them has been recognized for over 100 years under a variety of different labels, including compensation neurosis, nervous shock, hysteria, and war neurosis. The introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM–III in 1980 (APA, 1980) and its placement among the anxiety disorders reflects the perception that anxiety is a core component of an individual's reaction to a traumatic experience. Accordingly, PTSD is an anxiety disorder that develops in some individuals after a traumatic event defined by the DSM–IV (APA, 1994) as (1) experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted with an event that involves actual or threatened death or injury, or a threat to their physical integrity or that of others, and (2) responding to the event with intense fear, helplessness, or horror. In addition to experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, a diagnosis of PTSD requires the individual to meet the following three symptom criteria: (1) At least one reexperiencing symptom, such as distressing recollections of the trauma, distressing dreams of the event, reliving the experience through flashbacks, psychological distress at exposure to internal or external reminders of the event, or physiological reactivity to those trauma reminders. (2) At least three symptoms of persistent avoidance such as making an effort to avoid trauma-related thoughts or feelings, making an effort to avoid trauma-related activities or situations, amnesia for important aspects of the event, diminished interest in activities, detachment from others, restricted range of affect, or a sense of a foreshortened future.
Communal and Economic Implications of Blood in Dante

This article investigates two of the varied and diverse implications of blood in Dante’s works (Fiore, Rime, Vita nova, Convivio, Commedia, Monarchia, Epistole, and Egloghe) where the term and its derivations appear: the ‘communal’ and the ‘economic’. By ‘communal’, I mean that Dante emphasizes the generative, formative, nourishing and charitable implications of blood: as the parts of a body are joined together through the blood they share, members of various communities — the city, the Church, the Roman Empire, the family, humankind — are joined together through blood. By ‘economic’, I understand that Dante compares blood to money and highlights its ability to balance members of a group or elements of a body, enabling him to use the substance to delimit a series of poetic and ethical economies: of vice and virtue, waste and value, sensation and cognition, sin and punishment, original sin and Christ’s sacrifice on the cross.
CHAPTER 22 – H-spaces with Finiteness Conditions

This chapter discusses if-spaces with finiteness conditions. Important classes of examples are the "finite if-spaces." A finite if-space is an if-space that has the homotopy type of a finite complex. A theorem in Lie groups states that any Lie group is a product of a compact Lie group and Euclidean space, so all Lie groups are finite if-spaces. For this exposition, the chapter extends the definition of finites to include those if-spaces whose mod p cohomology is finite dimensional. This allows also considering p-localizations, which have become a large part of the subject. In a basic course in algebraic topology, cup products on various spaces can be measured. The computations are often not easy—they require a piece of complicated machinery. Poincare duality and cup products are usually computed only for orientable manifolds.
Accounting for Behavioral Considerations in Business Tax Reform: The Case of Expensing

One of the fundamental questions in business tax reform is whether to allow firms to immediately expense investments or require economic cost recovery. The conventional view is that expensing would generate stronger growth effects holding revenues constant. This view is rooted in traditional models of corporate finance that assume firms look at the net present value of expected tax payments when incorporating taxes into investment decisions. But this traditional view ignores the possibility that firms focus on more salient measures of taxes as well. If so, they may respond less to expensing than this theory suggests because expensing does not lower their financial accounting tax liability and, all else equal, requires a higher statutory rate.This paper considers whether firms undervalue expensing due to a focus on these non-economic tax metrics and, if so, what this implies about business tax reform if the goal is to increase US investment. It develops a framework for what cost recovery rules are optimal, and then uses new and existing data to parameterize this framework, holding constant long-run revenues and the relative tax treatment of debt and equity. While the empirical evidence is still nascent, it tentatively concludes that applying economic cost recovery to public and very large companies in order to pay for a lower statutory tax rate would generate more US investment and growth than expensing — reducing the relevant tax rate on such companies by more than two percentage points estimated conservatively, and possibly by much more. This estimate is sensitive to the underlying empirical parameters and could easily change. But it does cast doubt on the conventional view that expensing would generate much more US investment and growth than the alternatives. It also contrasts with estimates by non-partisan Congressional staff that expensing as part of a business cash-flow tax would generate modestly higher growth, and with far more dramatic positive growth estimates by some prominent think tanks.
Value-based choice: An integrative, neuroscience-informed model of health goals

Objective: Traditional models of health behaviour focus on the roles of cognitive, personality and social-cognitive constructs (e.g. executive function, grit, self-efficacy), and give less attentio...
Collectivists’ Decision-Making: Saudi Arabian Graduate Students’ Study Abroad Choices

The authors in this qualitative study explored how Saudi Arabian students Saudi Arabiaselected a teaching focused research institution by examining Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and U.S. national influences, institutional factors, and personal influencers. Despite the continued rise in Saudi Arabian students studying at U.S. universities, limited published research exists on this unique student population. This study on Saudi graduate students reconceptualizes the homogenous perspectives on international student mobility. It demonstrates that study abroad decisions are not made from just push-pull or economic factors but through culturally specific social processes involving various actors both in and beyond their home country as well as intermediaries that is indicative of a more collectivist society.