cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in skeletally mature patients

Background: Acetabular dysplasia is recognized as a cause of early degenerative hip osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the early clinical presentation of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in skeletally mature patients. Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive skeletally mature patients with a total of sixty-five symptomatic hips were diagnosed with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia on the basis of the history, physical examination, and radiographs. These fifty-seven patients were enrolled in this study and were followed prospectively for a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively. Results: The study group included forty-one female patients (72%) and sixteen male patients (28%) with a mean age of twenty-four years. All were treated with a periacetabular osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of twenty-four months. The initial presentation was insidious in 97% of the hips, and the majority (77%) of the hips were associated with moderate-to-severe pain on a daily basis. Pain was most commonly localized to the groin (72%) and/or the lateral aspect of the hip (66%). Activity-related hip pain was common (88%), and activity restriction frequently diminished hip pain (in 75% of the cases). On examination, thirty-one hips (48%) were associated with a limp; twenty-five (38%), with a positive Trendelenburg sign; and sixty-three (97%), with a positive impingement sign. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of hip dysplasia was 61.5 months. The mean number of health-care providers seen prior to the definitive diagnosis was 3.3. The mean Harris hip score improved from 66.4 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at a mean of 29.2 months after the periacetabular osteotomy. Conclusions: The diagnosis of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia is commonly delayed, and procedures other than a pelvic reconstructive osteotomy are frequently recommended. The diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip should be suspected and investigated when a skeletally mature, young, active patient has a predominant complaint of insidious activity-related groin pain and/or lateral hip pain.
Role of a Respiratory Therapist in Improving Adherence to Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in a Pediatric Sleep Apnea Clinic

BACKGROUND: Many pediatric patients need positive airway pressure (PAP) for treatment of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Adherence to PAP (defined as percent of nights with PAP use of > 4 h) is often poor and not sustained long-term. With any chronic disease, education has been shown to help with patient outcomes. Education of patients and parents regarding PAP can be provided by different healthcare professionals. There is no published literature assessing the role of respiratory therapists (RTs) in improving adherence to PAP in children. We hypothesized that the addition of RT visits to a PAP clinic would improve PAP adherence. METHODS: RT services for PAP patients were introduced in a multidisciplinary pediatric sleep clinic in May 2006. We identified children who had been followed in clinic, and had adherence download information before and after introduction of RT services. We collected demographic, polysomnography, and CPAP adherencedataatclinicvisits.RESULTS:Forty-sixsubjectsmetcriteriaforinclusion.ThemeanSD age was 14.9 6 y. The mean SD apnea-hypopnea index was 26.7 30 events/h. Other than the addition of the RT intervention, all subjects continued to receive the same clinical services as before. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, based on baseline adherence: 0% use, use for 1–50% of nights, and use for > 50% of nights. There was a statistically significant improvement in PAP adherence in the subjects with baseline use of 0% and 1–50%, but no improvement in those with > 50% use at baseline. There was no significant change in PAP use at subsequent RT visits. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization at clinic visits of an RT trained in the use of PAP improved adherence in pediatric subjectswithobstructivesleep-disorderedbreathingwhentheirbaselinePAPadherencewas<50%.
Subject Usage and Funding of Library Monographs.

This investigation seeks to identify those variables that prove indicative of the demand for monographs by subject and to develop a practical method for allocating funding by subject that realistically reflects subject demand. The interrelationships among circulation, expenditure, and enrollment by subject are analyzed. Circulation is isolated as the single empirically supported parameter upon which the demand for monographs by subject may be measured. A model for allocating subject funding is developed.
Two Practical Procedures for Estimating Multivariate Nonnormal Probability Density Functions

This article presents two procedures for empirically estimating nonnormal joint probability density functions (pdf's) that are operational with small samples. One procedure empirically estimates marginal distributions. Estimated marginal distributions are then used to transform variates to univariate normality; the transformed variates are assumed to have a multivariate normal distribution. The second approach exploits the identity that a joint distribution is the product of a conditional pdf and a marginal pdf. Conditional and marginal pdfs are individually estimated with this approach. Statistical tests for multivariate normality are also reviewed.
Fast learning in networks of locally-tuned processing units

We propose a network architecture which uses a single internal layer of locally-tuned processing units to learn both classification tasks and real-valued function approximations (Moody and Darken 1988). We consider training such networks in a completely supervised manner, but abandon this approach in favor of a more computationally efficient hybrid learning method which combines self-organized and supervised learning. Our networks learn faster than backpropagation for two reasons: the local representations ensure that only a few units respond to any given input, thus reducing computational overhead, and the hybrid learning rules are linear rather than nonlinear, thus leading to faster convergence. Unlike many existing methods for data analysis, our network architecture and learning rules are truly adaptive and are thus appropriate for real-time use.
PHOSPHONIUM CATIONS AS A NEW AVENUE FOR ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS IN POLYMER DESIGN

31 P NMR spectroscopic data was collected in CDCl 3 and CD 3 OD on a Varian 400 MHz spectrometer. Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB MS) was performed on a JEOL JMS- HX-110 instrument in positive mode. Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) was executed in HPLC grade tetrahydrofuran at 40 °C at a rate of 1 mL/min. A Waters size-exclusion chromatographer with 3 in-line 5 µm PLgel MIXED- C columns and an 717 autosampler was used. A Waters 2410 differential refractive index (DRI) detector using 880 nm and a 690 nm laser-light multiangle scattering Wyatt Technologies miniDAWN (MALLS) detector were used, and calibration was completed with PS standards. The molecular weights reported are absolute molecular weights from the MALLS detector. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was instrumented with a Perkin Elmer Pyris 1 under nitrogen at 10 oC/min. Values from the second heating were reported. Melt Rheology was obtained with an AR G2 TA Instruments rheometer with 25 mm parallel plates and 5% strain in oscillatory mode at 120 °C under nitrogen. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on a Perkin-Elmer TGA 7 under a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of
Jean Tirole, Nobel Prize Winner

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for 2014 to Jean Tirole, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Toulouse, France ‘for his analysis of market power and regulation’. What commonly characterizes Jean Tirole's work is a combination of rigorous scientific analysis of markets and provision of useful scientific insights and policy guidance for regulation and competition policy in such markets. This paper focuses on two of Tirole's papers, both co-written with Jean-Charles Rochet, which probably best exemplify his policy-oriented research. It summarizes and then explains how the theory that these papers develop led to the implementation of a new policy regulating the payment card industry in the European Union.
Another Angle on Acoustic Microscopy (Oblique)

Our scanning, reflection acoustic microscope has 3 to 5 curved transducers which generate acoustic waves at around 600 MHz. The acoustic beams are projected through a single fused silica lens cavity in water and converge to a common focus. Previous observations have emphasized scattered intermodulation products at frequency (2f2-fl), which emerge in preferred directions. However, in this paper we concentrate on single frequency observations which illustrate the utility of oblique in- sonification. Oblique, specular and non-specular (dark field) scanned observations result in an interesting variety of images, emphasizing some details and subduing others. The anisotropic character of crystal domain structures, edge highlighting, and strong leaky Rayleigh interactions are captured in several of the acoustic images.
Stealth Regulation: Addressing Agency Evasion of OIRA and the Administrative Procedure Act

In May 2014, the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy published a series of papers as part of a multiauthor collaboration organized by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. That series of papers, together with a forthcoming article by Hester Peirce, reviews ways in which U.S. federal regulatory agencies engage in regulatory-like actions while avoiding requirements outlined by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and regulatory oversight by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). This Article summarizes lessons from the series and offers reform proposals that may improve upon the current situation.
Introduction to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (OFH) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ).

350 Osteonecrosis, meaning bone death or necrosis, can potentially affect any bone in the body. Some bones and a region of a bone are more prone to developing this condition due to their particular vascular anatomy, such as seen in the proximal femur. Those affecting the subchondral region are more clinically problematic than those affecting the medullary (metaphyseal or diaphyseal) or intracortical regions due to their proximity to the joint surface and predisposition to developing degenerative arthritis 1 .
Restriction-Site Variation and Molecular Systematics of New World Leaf-Nosed Bats

Phylogenetic relationships of the genera composing the Neotropical bat family Phyllostom-idae are presented based on restriction-site variation from 18 restriction endonucleases within the transcribed portion of the ribosomal-DNA gene complex. Restriction-site variation ranged from conservative or plesiomorphic in Macrotus and Desmodus to rapidly evolving in the Choeronycteris group. However, no strong correlation was observed among the magnitude and extent of variation when restriction-site data were compared with other data sets. It is concluded that in phyllostomid bats, punctuated bouts of morphologic, karyotypic, and ribosomal-DNA restriction-site evolution have different underlying causes. Major systematic conclusions include: establishment of the subfamily Vampyrinae is supported by restriction-site data; recognition of the subfamilies Macrotinae and Micronycterinae is proposed; major reorganization of the subfamily Phyllostominae is supported by restriction-site data.
Dynamic moiré methods for the bending of plates

Two approaches are proposed to extend the Ligtenberg’s reflective moire method to dynamic-bending problems of plates. Partial slope contours of two orthogonal directions can be obtained simultaneously with the proposed schemes. Vibrating modes of plates can also be obtained by the methods.
South Africa circumvents embargo

As the Reagan Administration imposes a new embargo on Libya, it continues to look the other way as commercial and third-party trade in weapons and apartheid-enforcement technology undermines the U.N. embargo on South Africa.
COMMENT ON FITZGERALD, PASEWARK, AND NOAH'S STUDY OF THE VALIDITY OF THE INTERPERSONAL TRUST SCALE

Fitzgerald, Pasewark, and Noah compared institutionalized delinquents with non-delinquent school children on a measure of interpersonal trust. Failure to find differences led them to the conclusion that their findings cast doubt on the validity of the trust measure. These comments constitute a critique of the logic of their inference.
Effects of Heat Treatment on the Nutritional Value of Conventional and Low Trypsin Inhibitor Soybeans for Chicks

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to assess the nutritional value of conventional and low trypsin inhibitor (TI) soybeans when fed in raw or heated form for chicks. In Experiment 1, four replicates of eight chicks per pen were fed corn-based diets (19% CP, 3,158 kcal ME/kg) containing raw or heated conventional soybeans, raw or heated low TI soybeans, or conventional soybean meal (44% CP) plus oil. Heating was achieved by autoclaving the soybeans for 20 min at 110 C. Treatments were the same in Experiment 2 except that the soybeans were heated for 20 or 40 min. The TI activity of the low TI soybeans was approximately one-half that of the raw conventional soybeans (9.6 versus 22.1 mg/g). Heating reduced the TI activity of both types of soybeans. Chick growth, feed utilization, and apparent retention of dietary DM and N were markedly depressed and pancreatic hypertrophy occurred when the raw conventional soybeans were fed. Depressions in performance and N retention and increases in pancreatic weights also occurred when chicks were fed raw low TI soybeans, but the responses were not as pronounced as when raw conventional soybeans were fed. Heat treatment reduced the TI activity of both types of soybeans and resulted in improved chick weight gain, feed:gain, and dietary DM and N retention, and reduced pancreatic weights (P
Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity in limbic and cognitive control networks relates to depressive rumination and mindfulness: A pilot study among adolescents with a history of depression.

Abstract Background Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) research among adults indicates abnormalities within and between neural networks during acute depressive episodes, some of which are likely to remain into remission. The examination of RSFC among adolescents within the remitted state of MDD may implicate markers of illness course during a critical developmental window wherein secondary prevention can be implemented. Methods RSFC data were collected on a 3.0T GE scanner from adolescents (12–18, M =15.61 , SD =1.90; 57% female) in full or partial remission from MDD (rMDD; n =23) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC; n =10). RSFC data were examined using seed-based connectivity of the left amygdala, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These seeds were chosen to probe the emotional salience, cognitive control, and default mode networks, respectively. Results rMDD adolescents demonstrated relative hyperconnectivity from the left amygdala to the right PCC, as well as from the left dlPFC to the right middle frontal and left inferior frontal gyri (MFG, IFG). Amygdala to PCC connectivity was correlated with greater rumination, dlPFC to MFG connectivity was positively associated with depression severity, and dlPFC to IFG connectivity was inversely associated with mindfulness. Conclusions Aberrant functional connectivity within and between neural networks responsible for salience attribution, introspective thought, and executive control can be observed among adolescents in the remitted phase of MDD and is associated with residual clinical symptoms. These patterns may confer risk for future relapse or alternatively, support wellness.
Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of 2 MW Doubly-fed Induction Generator Wind Power System

In the process of 2 MW doubly-fed wind power converter development,electromagnetic transient simulation is the key point to verify the control strategies and establishment of the relevant equipments technical parameters.This article establishes SVPWM simulation model and describes the implementation method of SVPWM technique in PSCAD/EMTDC to truly reflect the process of the dynamic switching and the harmonic characteristics of the converter.It also improves the software phase-locked loop(SPLL) of the grid-side PWM converter which make it track the fundamental positive sequence grid voltage rapidly and accurately and be helpful for improving the dynamic control performance of grid-side converter in the grid asymmetric faults conditions.
B-type natriuretic peptide and its clinical utility in patients with heart failure.

The implementation of entirely new clinical laboratory tests such as BNP assays is much more difficult today than it ever has been in the past. Medicare and Medicaid have been operating for many years on fixed reimbursements based on Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs). Many third-party payers now have capitated contracts, i.e., a fixed reimbursement per member per month, regardless of the number of tests ordered and performed. Laboratories are now cost centers and not sources of revenue, thus the limited amount of income from fee-for-service reimbursements may not sufficient to cover the expenses for performing all testing. Therefore, in order to justify BNP testing, laboratory directors and hospital administrators must be able to demonstrate that implementation of BNP testing results in a savings for the hospital as a whole, even if the laboratory has a negative cost balance. If BNP testing can lead to a reduction or elimination of other tests, or if it improves the efficiency and accuracy of CHF diagnosis so that the number of inappropriate admissions is reduced, the test may be justified. Table 2 lists some specific areas where BNP might impact the other clinical areas. Outcome studies should be performed to determine if any of these changes in clinical practices can be justified.
A self-report version of the Ways of Responding: Reliability and validity in a clinical sample.

AbstractObjective: The Ways of Responding (WOR) instrument measures compensatory skills, a central construct in some theories of the mechanism of cognitive therapy for depression. However, the instrument is time-consuming and expensive to use in community settings, because it requires trained independent judges to rate subjects’ open-ended written responses to depressogenic scenarios. The present study evaluated the reliability and validity of a self-report version of the WOR (WOR-SR) in a community mental health sample with depressive symptoms (N = 467). Method: Subjects completed the WOR-SR, a modified version of the original WOR, and other measures of depressive symptoms, dysfunctional cognitions, functioning, quality of life, and interpersonal problems at multiple time points. Results: An exploratory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the WOR-SR. The positive and negative subscales both demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas = .91) and moderate convergent val...
An efficient multi channel, 425µW QPSK transmitter with tuning for process variation in the Medical Implantable Communications Service (MICS) band of 402–405MHz

A truly Medical Implantable Communications Service (MICS) band compliant transmitter for biomedical applications, covering all ten channels in 402–405MHz is presented in this paper. The transmitter consists of a Phase Locked Loop(PLL) with rail to rail quadrature output, a passive mixer and a power amplifier (PA). The power consumption of the transmitter is 425µW at 1.2 V, and consumes only 7.1 nJ of energy per bit transmitted. The overall global efficiency of the transmitter is 19.3 %. This transmitter can account for PVT variations. The proposed transmitter meets all the federal communications commission (FCC) requirements for the MedRadio band. This proposed work is implemented in a 180nm CMOS process.
Improving pattern classification by nonlinearly combined classifiers

In order to improve classification accuracy, multiple classifier systems have provided better pattern classification over single classifier systems in different applications. The theoretical frameworks proposed in [5], [7] present important tools for estimating and minimizing the added error of linearly combined classifier systems. In this work, we present a theoretical model that estimates the added error using geometric mean rule which is a nonlinear combining rule. In the derivation, we assume classifiers' outputs are uncorrelated and have identical distributions for a given class case. We also show that by setting the number of classifiers to one (a single classifier system), the derived formula is modified and matches the results given in [5]. We validated our derivations with computer simulations and compared these with the analytical results. Due to the nonlinearity of the geometric mean, theoretical results show that the bias and variance errors are mixed together in their contribution to the added error. It was shown that the bias error dominated the contribution to the added error compared to the variance error. It is possible to minimize the variance error by increasing the ensemble size (number of classifiers) while the bias error is minimized under certain conditions. The proposed theoretical work can help in investigating the added error for other nonlinear arithmetic combining rules.
Effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on the mitral valve apparatus and mitral regurgitation: real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography study.

Background— The effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on the mitral valve apparatus and factors influencing the reduction of mitral regurgitation with or without mitral leaflet tethering after TAVR are poorly understood. The present 3-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography study aimed to elucidate early changes further in the structure and function of the mitral valve apparatus after TAVR. Methods and Results— We analyzed 90 patients (nontenting group, 56 patients and tenting group, 34 patients) who underwent TAVR using the Edwards SAPIEN and had intraprocedural 3D transesophageal echocardiography evaluation of the mitral valve. Of all patients, mitral regurgitation improved in 54%, remained the same in 38%, and worsened in 8% 1 day after TAVR. There were no statistically significant differences in mitral annular 3D parameters before and after TAVR in both groups. In the tenting group, tenting area ( P <0.01) and tenting height ( P <0.01) were decreased, and coaptation length was increased ( P <0.05) after TAVR. In a multivariable analysis, the predictors of improved mitral regurgitation were the decrease of tenting area (odds ratio, 8.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–50.7; P <0.05) and the decrease of valvuloarterial impedance (odds ratio, 7.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–49.9; P <0.05) in the tenting group and the decrease of valvuloarterial impedance (odds ratio, 6.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–39.2; P <0.05) in the nontenting group. Conclusions— Mitral leaflet tethering was improved immediately by TAVR in patients with mitral leaflet tenting regardless of mitral annular geometry. Acute improvement in mitral regurgitation after TAVR is predominantly related to global left ventricular hemodynamics and mitral leaflet tethering change.
Germinal: Theatre for Beginners

On a bare stage, the four “individuals” of Halory Goerger and Antoine Defoort’s Germinal build a world, one that is neither imaginary nor real, but strictly theatrical. In this playful meditation upon the problems and pleasures of progressing from consciousness to communication, the actors’ studied amateurishness proposes a productive confusion between actor, character, and spectator.
Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Performed without Routine Inpatient Admission: A Single Center Experience of 462 Consecutive Patients

Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants (Allo-HCT) using myeloablative preparative regimens are usually admitted to an inpatient transplant unit from the start of the conditioning regimen until hematopoietic recovery (on average 25-35 days). Historically, the rationale for routine inpatient care during this period has been the facilitation of administration of parenteral medications, prevention of mold infections and the monitoring and management of acute toxicities. However, advances in supportive care and other technologies may allow outpatient management during this period. We analyzed outcomes of all consecutive patients who underwent myeloablative allo-HCT as defined by the CIBMTR (Giralt 2009, BBMT) with planned total outpatient management at our center. Patient characteristics and outcome data were prospectively entered into our institutional database from which they were extracted for this analysis. Patients were scheduled to receive their conditioning regimen and post-transplant care in our purpose-built outpatient clinic. Patients received their stem cell infusion on the inpatient unit and were planned to be discharged home the same day except patients receiving haploidentical transplants who were planned to be discharged on day +5 to accommodate the early cytokine release syndrome commonly seen in such patients (Solomon BBMT 2012). Subsequent admissions were for significant complications necessitating inpatient management only. Our technical approach to total outpatient management of myeloablative allo-HCT was as previously described (Solomon BMT 2010, 45: 468-475). Patients (n=462) were transplanted consecutively between 4/08 and 12/15. Patient characteristics were: median age 46; male (53%); race - white 79%, black 18%, Asian 2%; diagnosis- AML 42%, ALL 21%, MDS/MPS 21%, NHL/HL/CLL 13%, other 3%; donor type - MRD 48%, MUD 35%, Haplo 17%, CBT 10 (18%). For readmitted patients, most frequent reasons were - febrile neutropenia 33%, mucositis 29%, and lower GI toxicity 4.5%. Median total length of inpatient stay through d+100 was 16 d (range 1-98). Fungal infections were documented in only 3 patients (1%) through d +100. With a median follow-up for surviving patients of 52 months (6-218 months), K-M estimates of survival and DFS at 1 yr are 70% and 61% and at 4 years are 52% and 47% respectively. Cumulative incidences (CI) of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse at 1 yr are 17% and 21% and at 4 yrs are 24% and 29% (Fig.1). CI of acute GVHD grade 2-4 and 3-4 at 6 months were 28% and 10%. CI of moderate to severe, and severe chronic GVHD at 4 years were 30% and 12%. On multivariate analysis, receipt of any part of the conditioning regimen as inpatient was a significant negative factor for survival (HR 1.99, p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Effects of Cupping on Hamstring Flexibility in College Soccer Players.

Context:Collegiate soccer players suffer hamstring injuries due to inflexibility and repetitive motions involving intense hamstring lengthening and contraction during sport. Although a popular intervention for muscular injury, there exists limited evidence of the effects of therapeutic cupping on hamstring flexibility.Objective:To determine the effect of cupping therapy on hamstring flexibility in collegiate soccer players.Design:Cohort design.Setting:Athletic training clinic.Patients:Twenty-five, asymptomatic, NCAA Division III soccer players (10 males, 15 females) (age = 19.4 ± 1.30 years, height = 175.1 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 69.5 ± 6.6 kg).Intervention(s):A 7-minute therapeutic cupping treatment was delivered to the treatment group. Four 2-inch cups were fixed atop trigger point locations within the hamstring muscle bellies of participants’ dominant legs. Control group participants received no intervention between pre- and post-test measurements.Main Outcome Measures:Pretest and posttest measurements of ham...
Modern Social Hierarchies and the Spaces between: How Are Subjective Status Inconsistencies Linked to Mental Well-Being?:

Higher socioeconomic status is linked to higher mental well-being, but modern individuals inhabit multiple hierarchies and reference groups—and thus well-being may be determined between as much as ...
Representation of Feedback Operators for Hyperbolic Systems

The purpose of this article is to extend the representation theorem in [1] and [7] to certain classes of damped hyperbolic systems. The original motivation for our study of hyperbolic systems comes from the work by Lupi, Chun, and Turner [8]. The approach in [8] is interesting because they make no prior assumptions regarding the form of the controls and actuators so that the gains operators produced by an optimal design could be used to make decisions about where actuators and sensors are best placed. In particular, in [8] it was assumed that the input operator was the identity and the elastic system was not damped. By solving the LQR problem with the input operator equal to the identity, one can gain insight into the type and location of practical distributed controllers for structural control. This insight comes from explicit knowledge of the kernels (so called functional gains) that describe the integral representations of feedback gain operators. Even with no damping the LQR problem has a solution since the input operator is the identity (the system is exactly controllable). However, as we see below the problem with no damping is extremely complex. Basic questions concerning the existence and smoothness of functional gains remain open and yet these issues are important in the applications proposed in [8]. Consequently, as a first step we take the middle ground and consider damped systems with distributed control.
The founding and early years of the American Academy of Neurology; Dedicated to Robert B. Daroff: Mentor, colleague, and friend.

This special issue addressing the founding and early years of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)—the largest professional neurological society in the world—had its origins in a conjunction of ...
Estimating a linear process using phone calls

We consider the problem of estimating an undisturbed, scalar, linear process over a “timing” channel, namely a channel where information is communicated through the timestamps of the transmitted symbols. Each transmitted symbol is received at the decoder subject to a random delay. The encoder can encode messages in the holding times between successive transmissions and the decoder must decode the message from the inter-reception times of successive symbols. This set-up is analogous to a telephone system where a transmitter signals a phone call to the receiver through a “ring” and, after the random time required to establish the connection, is aware of the “ring” being received. We show that for the estimation error to converge to zero in probability, the timing capacity of the channel should be at least as large as the entropy rate of the process. In the case the symbol delays are exponentially distributed, we show a tight sufficient condition using a random-coding strategy.
Toward Building a Human-Cognition-in-the-Loop Supervisory Control System for Humanized Decison-Making

This work proposes a novel approach to include a model of making decision in human brain into the control loop. Employing the methodology developed in mathematical neuroscience, we construct a model that accounts for quality of human decision in supervisory tasks. We specifically focus on adaptive gain theory and the strategy selection problem. The proposed model is shown to be capable of explaining the change of a strategy from compensatory to heuristics in different conditions. We also propose a method to incorporate the effect of internal and external parameters such as stress level and emergencies in the decision model. The model is employed in a supervisory controller that dispatches the jobs between autonomy and a human supervisor in an efficient way.
Feasibility of Nonanonymous Burnout Surveys in a Large Academic Department.

Background and objectives Burnout is prevalent among clinicians and entails negative personal, professional, and organizational consequences. Assessments of burnout are typically anonymous to facilitate psychological safety. This limits the capacity of leadership to help struggling providers and reduces the level of demographic detail. Nonanonymous, confidential assessments may facilitate outreach to individuals or targeted interventions for at-risk populations. Methods We administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory to physician faculty and advanced practice providers in an academic department of family medicine. We identified a wellness officer within the department who served as an honest broker to keep nonanonymous survey responses confidential. Respondents had the option of taking the survey anonymously or confidentially. Anonymous respondents were allowed to withhold demographic information to ensure anonymity. Results Sixty-seven of 109 providers responded (61% response rate), with 46 (69%) doing so confidentially. Burnout rates were similar between groups: 48% among confidential respondents, and 43% among anonymous respondents (P=.71). Subscales of the MBI also showed no significant differences. Because a large proportion of anonymous respondents withheld demographic data, no demographic trends could be identified among them. Younger confidential respondents were more likely to exhibit depersonalization (P=.01). Conclusions Most participants chose to respond confidentially. There was no significant difference in the level of burnout between confidential and anonymous respondents. Our findings refute the conventional wisdom that clinicians require anonymity to respond to burnout surveys. This finding has the potential to open a new line of inquiry regarding burnout, its drivers and potential solutions.
Identification of pituitary thyrotrope signature genes and regulatory elements

Pituitary thyrotropes are specialized cells that produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a critical factor for growth and maintenance of metabolism. The transcription factors POU1F1 and GATA2 have been implicated in thyrotrope fate and transcriptional regulation of the beta subunit of TSH, Tshb, but no transcriptomic or epigenomic analyses of these cells has been undertaken. The goal of this work was to discover key transcriptional regulatory elements that drive thyrotrope fate. We identified the transcription factors and epigenomic changes in chromatin that are associated with differentiation of POU1F1-expressing progenitors into thyrotropes, a process modeled by two cell lines: one that represents an early, undifferentiated Pou1f1 lineage progenitor (GHF-T1) and one that is a committed thyrotrope that produces TSH (TT1). We generated and compared RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, histone modification (including H3K27Ac, H3K4Me1, and H3K27Me3), and transcription factor (POU1F1) binding in these two cell lines to identify regulatory elements and candidate transcriptional regulators. We identified POU1F1 binding sites that were unique to each cell line. POU1F1 binding sites are commonly associated with bZIP transcription factor consensus binding sites in GHF-T1 cells and Helix-Turn-Helix (HTH) or basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) factors in TT1 cells, suggesting that these classes of transcription factors may recruit or cooperate with POU1F1 binding to unique sites. We validated enhancer function of novel elements we mapped near Cga, Pitx1, Gata2, and Tshb by transfection in TT1 cells. Finally, we confirmed that an enhancer element near Tshb can drive expression in thyrotropes of transgenic mice, and we demonstrate that GATA2 enhances Tshb expression through this element. These results extend the ENCODE multi-omic profiling approach to an organ that is critical for growth and metabolism, which should be valuable for understanding pituitary development and disease pathogenesis.
Daughters of Men: Saudi Women's Sociotechnical Agency Practices in Addressing Domestic Abuse

While domestic abuse is an all too common experience for women worldwide, how people experience the abuse and their resources to deal with the abuse differ. In this qualitative, interview-based study, we examine Saudi women's domestic safety concerns living in Saudi Arabia and the United States. Based on non-Western Islamic feminist views of agency, we identify three key practices, focused on how women resist or deal with their domestic violence. For each practice, we highlight how interwoven cultural, religious, and political contexts impact Saudi women's ability to recognize and deal with domestic abuse. We attend to technology's role in enabling or hindering women's agency. These practices include: 1) recognizing abuse, where women identify abusive situations, 2) managing abuse, where women find ways to cope with ongoing or anticipated abuse within their constraints and resources, and 3) seeking non-abusive futures, where women decide how to mitigate the abuse or leave their abuser. Given domestic violence's complicated nature, we highlight several key design recommendations based on women's values.
Formation Control With Time-Varying Formations, Bounded Controls, and Local Collision Avoidance

We present a formation control algorithm for double-integrator agents, where the formation is time-varying and the agents' controls satisfy a priori bounds (e.g., the controls can accommodate actuator saturation). We assume that each agent has relative-position-and-velocity feedback of its neighbor agents, where the communication structure is a quasi-strongly connected graph, and at least one agent has a measurement of its position and velocity relative to the leader (if applicable). The main analytic results provide sufficient conditions such that all agents converge to the desired time-varying relative positions with one another and the leader and have a priori bounded controls (if applicable). Next, we extend the formation control algorithm to include collision-avoidance terms that, for a set of initial conditions, prevent each agent from colliding with the agents in its neighbor set or colliding with the leader (if applicable). Finally, we present results from rotorcraft experiments that demonstrate the algorithm with time-varying formations and bounded controls. These experimental results include indoor experiments using a motion-capture system and outdoor experiments demonstrating the algorithm in a real-world environment with disturbances (e.g., wind) and only onboard feedback.
Explanation and the A-theory

Propositional temporalism is the view that there are temporary propositions: propositions that are true, but not always true. Factual futurism is the view that there are futurist facts: facts that obtain, but that will at some point not obtain. Most Atheoretic views in the philosophy of time are committed both to propositional temporalism and to factual futurism. Mark Richard, Jeffrey King and others have argued that temporary propositions are not fit to be the contents of propositional attitudes, or to be the semantic values of natural language utterances. But these discussions have overlooked another role that the A-theorist’s posits struggle to play: the role of facts in explaining other facts. Focusing on the case of action explanation by reasons, this paper presents the challenge that explanation poses for factual futurism. It then brings that challenge to bear against propositional temporalism and the A-theory more generally. My argument saddles the factual futurist with surprising commitments concerning reasons, facts and explanation. The futurist might accept those commitments and pay the price. The alternative-which I prefer-is to reject factual futurism, and with it the A-theory.
Recommendations for Advancing Research with Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults.

This article highlights key health issues, contemporary research topics, and opportunities for advancing aging research with sexual and gender minority (SGM) older adults, or individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, non-binary, or who exhibit attractions and behaviors that do not align with heterosexual or traditional gender norms. Using a life course perspective, we provide a sociohistorical context and highlight the social, psychological, and physical health, and healthcare experiences of SGM older adults in the U.S. Additionally, we present an overview of SGM aging research disseminated in the Journals of Gerontology: Series B over the past five years. After reviewing these topics, we discuss limitations and gaps in the current research and provide recommendations for future research with SGM aging populations.
High Accuracy Semi-Empirical Quantum Models Based on a Reduced Training Set

There exists a great need for computationally efficient quantum simulation approaches that can achieve an accuracy similar to high-level theories while exhibiting a wide degree of transferability. In this regard, we have leveraged a machine-learned force field based on Chebyshev polynomials to determine Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) models for organic materials. The benefit of our approach is two-fold: (1) many-body interactions can be corrected for in a systematic and rapidly tunable process, and (2) high-level quantum accuracy for a broad range of compounds can be achieved with ∼0.3% of data required for one advanced deep learning potential (ANI- 1x). In addition, the total number of data points in our training set is less than one half of that used for a recent DFTB-neural network model (trained on a separate dataset). Validation tests of our DFTB model against energy and vibrational data for gas-phase molecules for additional quantum datasets shows strong agreement with reference data from either hybrid density-functional theory, coupled-cluster calculations, or experiments. Preliminary testing on graphite and diamond successfully reproduce condensed phase structures. The models developed in this work, in principle, can retain most of the accuracy of quantum-based methods at any level of theory with relatively small training sets. Our efforts can thus allow for high throughput physical and chemical predictions with up to coupled-cluster accuracy for materials that are computationally intractable with standard approaches.
Considering Japanese Criminal Justice from an Original Position (「無知のヴェール」から日本の刑事司法を考える)

English Abstract: The criminal justice systems of the United States and Japan are both severely flawed. While some have worked hard to present these deep-seated problems to the public, the overall situation in either country is of stalled reform initiatives and ongoing injustices. Race underlies a difference in how reform discussions proceed in the two nations. It is at the core of what ails the system in the U.S., as authors such as Professor Michelle Alexander have powerfully demonstrated. On the other hand, Japan’s would-be reformers operate in an atmosphere of widespread race obliviousness despite there being meaningful racial dynamics at play in Japan today. This article, published in a leading Japanese public policy journal, offers that differences in public awareness of race in the two nations are salient. The article encourages reformers in Japan to contemplate this when strategizing their efforts. To that end, discourse that deploys John Rawls’ Veil of Ignorance in his Theory of Justice into the Japanese public consciousness may provide a fruitful mechanism for improving the efficacy of reform efforts there. Japanese Abstract: 米国と日本とでは人種に対する市民意識に大きな隔たりがある。日本社会では人種が大きく影響を及ぼすにも関わらず、人種問題への無関心という空気の中、日本の刑事司法政策改革は進められている。ジョン・ロールズの「正義論」で言及される無知のヴェールに基づいた視点を日本の国民意識にもたらすことは、現在推進される司法改革の有効性の改善に役立つであろう。
On the Globalization and Standardization of Medical Genetics and Genomics as Clinical and Laboratory Specialties

The evolving of medical genetics and genomics as a new specialty has been a major progress in the health care system during the past three decades. Since 2003, the completion of Human Genome Project has greatly speeded up the integration of genetics and genomics into mainstream clinical practice and thus demands more and more professionally trained medical genetics specialists. However, medical genetic training in different countries varies from well-organized professional system to lack of specialty recognition and shortage of specialists. These differences affect not only the quality of genetic services but also many related ethical, legal and social issues. To understand the current statues of medical genetics training in a global setting, we outline training systems from representative countries of North America, European Union, Latin American, Asia and Africa. The results demonstrate a trend toward formal recognition of medical genetics as a clinical specialty, diagnostic genetics as a laboratory specialty and genetic counseling as a Master level allied health profession. Systematic effort in training medical genetics specialists in developed countries has built up a workforce of one to seven clinical geneticists per million population. While in developing countries, lack of proper recognition and shortage of training programs are still the major obstacles for medical genetics. Considering the similar mutation rates and genetic disease burden on all human populations, globalization and standardization of medical genetics and genomics as clinical and laboratory specialties will contribute to better prevention and treatment of genetic diseases.
Imaging the Lung Under Pressure

Abstract : This study is aimed at improving our understanding of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system for a range of diving mammals to improve our ability to predict gas exchange during diving. In particular, our study aims to answer at what depths the alveoli of marine mammals collapse. We will also determine if differences in the anatomy of the respiratory system result in significant species differences in collapse depth. This is vital to understand how diving mammals manage inert and metabolic gases during diving.
Chapter 3 - Techniques for sample preparation using solid-phase extraction

This chapter describes techniques for sample preparation using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The 1-D reversed-phase sample clean-up method is a simple technique designed to remove major interferences such as plasma proteins or polar compounds. The 2-D reversed-phase solid-phase extraction method provides much cleaner backgrounds, but the development of the method is more complex. A range of useful methods for the sample preparation of samples of biologic origin (plasma and urine) prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS) or MS analysis are discussed in the chapter, with an emphasis on the general principles of each method. Each method can carried out with multiple analytes and can be adapted to related sample preparation problems without difficulties. However, occasionally, the particular properties of a sample matrix, an analytical technique, or even simply the analytes require departures from the details of the approaches described in the chapter. Both offline and online SPE techniques have advantages depending upon the particular application, and additional progress in the future is anticipated with respect to the speed and efficiency of both approaches.
Activity index threshold classification in adaptive vector quantization

A method that addresses the problem of edge degradation in adaptive vector quantization is described. An index, the activity index A, based upon measurements of the input image data has been devised. This index is used to classify image areas into two groups, active and nonactive, according to whether A>T or A >