cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investor tax heterogeneity and ex-dividend day trading volume: The effect of dividend yield and institutional ownership

We demonstrate how the level of institutional ownership as a measure of tax-induced investor heterogeneity impacts the trading volume effect of dividend yield around ex-dividend days. Cross-sectional tests support the tax-motivated trading hypothesis: 1) Ex-day excess trading volume increases in dividend yield and this positive relation is a concave quadratic function of the level of institutional ownership. 2) The volume effect of dividend yield peaks when the level of institutional ownership is at 32.18% - lower than 50%, consistent with the view that institutional investors may be more risk tolerant than individual investors. 3) Across tax regimes, some support is also found for the ex-day tax-motivated trading hypothesis. We contribute to the literature by considering the interaction between payout policy and ownership structure in explaining the variation in ex-day excess trading volume.
Activity Theory, Speech Acts, and the ‘‘Doctrine of Infelicity’’: Connecting Language and Technology in Globally Networked Learning Environments:

This article draws on activity theory, politics of the artifact, and speech act theory to analyze how language practices and technology interplay in establishing the social relationships necessary for globally networked teams. Specifically, it uses activity theory to examine how linguistic infelicities and the politics of communication technologies interplay in virtual meetings, thereby demonstrating the importance of grounding professional communication instruction in social as well as technical effectiveness. That is, students must learn not only how to communicate technical concepts clearly and concisely and recognize cultural differences but also how to use language and choose media in ways that produce the social conditions necessary for effective collaboration in globally networked environments. The article analyzes two case studies—a workplace and a classroom—that illustrate how the mediating functions of language and the politics of technology intersect as mediating tools in globally networked act...
Controller synthesis for infinite dimensional systems based on a passivity approach

The author discusses a generalization of hyperstability to systems in Hilbert space and its application to finite-dimensional stabilizing compensator design. The basic idea is to characterize tolerable perturbations in terms of the passivity of the nominal closed-loop system. Controllers achieving the required closed-loop passivity property can then be designed using H/sub infinity /-optimization. In particular, the author presents a design procedure for stabilizing a finite-dimensional compensator for a given infinite-dimensional system. >
Hot or not--evaluating the effect of artificial tanning on the public's perception of attractiveness.

BACKGROUNDDespite strong evidence that sun exposure causes skin cancer, a significant proportion of the population continues to purposefully tan. Many individuals deliberately tan because they believe a tanned complexion makes them appear more attractive.OBJECTIVETo measure the effect that a tanned
Instruction Set Processor Specifications for Simulation, Evaluation, and Synthesis

Formal descriptions of digital computers have been used traditionally for pedagogical purposes [Barbacci75]. Recent developments however, illustrate that a formal computer description is highly useful in the simulation, evaluation, and synthesis of computers and other digital systems. In this paper we shall review the use of the ISP notation [Bell71, Barbacci76, Barbacci77] at Carnegie-Mellon University. The paper is organized into three sections that deal with the language, its use in the simulation and evaluation of computer architectures, and finally, its use in computer aided design. I this paper we emphasize the commonality between these seemingly disjoint application. The reader is invited to consult the specific references for additional information of any particular subject.
Erratum to “Simulation analysis of muscle activity changes with altered body orientations during pedaling” [Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) 749–756]

Erratum to ‘‘Simulation analysis of muscle activity changes with altered body orientations during pedaling’’ [Journal of Biomechanics 34 (2001) 749–756] G. Chen, S.A. Kautz, F.E. Zajac Rehabilitation R&D Center (153), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Mechanical Engineering Department, Biomechanical Engineering Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Functional Restoration Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Two-dimensional lattice of blue-detuned atom traps using a projected Gaussian beam array

We describe a blue-detuned optical lattice for atom trapping which is intrinsically two-dimensional, while providing three-dimensional atom localization. The lattice is insensitive to optical phase fluctuations since it does not depend on field interference between distinct optical beams. The array is created using an arrangement of weakly overlapping Gaussian beams that creates a two-dimensional array of dark traps which are suitable for magic trapping of ground and Rydberg states. We analyze the spatial localization that can be achieved and demonstrate trapping and detection of single Cs atoms in 6- and 49-site two-dimensional arrays.
Stockouts in Online Retailing

Abstract Demand uncertainty and supply rigidity often create inventory shortages. Inventory shortages can have adverse consequences on both short- and long-term customer behaviors. Using data from an online grocer, this study has the following three main objectives: First, the authors empirically investigate the true nature of shortage costs by examining how stockouts and fulfillment rates affect customer's purchase behavior in both the short and long run. Second, the authors study how consumers' reactions to inventory shortages differ across customer segments. They use these observations to illustrate how the seller might benefit from prioritizing fulfillment policies according to customer traits. Third, the authors study how the impact of inventory shortages varies across product categories. Using these insights, the authors discuss how the seller should allocate limited resources to improve order fulfillment across these categories. Overall, the authors find that stockout rates have a dramatic but nonl...
Competence to Stand Trial

One of the most important and most frequent requests that courts make of psychiatrists is to give an opinion on a defendant’s competence to stand trial. It is difficult to determine the number of psychiatric evaluations for competence to stand trial in a given year in the United States. One study found that 12% of the individuals referred to a court clinic setting were referred for evaluation of their competence to stand trial. In fact, a larger number of referrals had been sent with a request for an evaluation of competence but, on further discussion with the referring person, it was clear that what was being requested in many cases was a psychiatric evaluation regarding need for treatment.
A stop too far: How does public transportation concentration influence neighbourhood median household income?:

Research on US cities has connected the concentration of public transit with various neighbourhood outcomes, but it remains unclear whether public transit was more attractive to lower or higher income households. Some research found neighbourhoods with public transportation were more attractive to lower income households, likely because such households could not afford private transportation. Closer examination suggested that the type of transit was important, as lower income households were more likely to use buses while higher income households were more likely to use rapid transit. A key limitation of existing research on transit and neighbourhood household income was that it did not adequately control for variation over time. The current study addresses this limitation by assessing how the concentration of subway and bus stops predicted variation in median household income in New York City during the 2000s. Results of cross-sectional regressions partially confirm the findings of previous research that...
Field Evaluation of Organophosphate Insecticides as Soil Treatments for the Control of Hippelates Gnats

Ten organophosphorus insecticides at multiple rates were evaluated as soil treatments for the control of Hippelates collusor (Townsend) and H. hermsi Sabrosky. Carbophenothion at 5 lb/acre yielded seasonal control of the gnats. Limited studies on Bayer 37289 ( O -ethyl 0-2,4,5,- trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate) showed this material to be promising, giving seasonal control of the gnats at practical rates. The remaining 8 materials proved to be less effective than carbophenothion or Bayer 37289. Only short-term (1 to 3 months) control, if any, was obtained with these less stable materials.
Adenosine: a new drug for acute termination of supraventricular tachycardia.

Adenosine, recently released for the acute termination of supraventricular tachycardia, is potentially the drug of first choice for this indication. Its notable effects are transient slowing of the sinus rate and atrioventricular nodal block. Adverse effects are transient and clinically insignificant, primarily because of the ultra-short half-life of the drug. Preliminary investigations suggest that adenosine may also be useful in the differential diagnosis of wide Q R S complex tachycardias.
Discussion about choosing the current transformer used by zero sequence current protection for transformer

The lead line selected from the neutral bushing CT and neutral clearance CT used for zero-sequence current protection is easy to be connected wrongly,which is difficult to find out,so it can cause the main transformer zero-sequence current protection mal operate when line fault occurs.Based on the characteristic analysis and deduction of external fault and the elaboration of main transformer relay protection configuration,this paper points out that in zero-sequence current protection using the zero-sequence current produced by switch CT to replace the zero-sequence current of neutral bushing CT can avoid the similar incidents completely.
Coagulation in the sand crab (Ovalipes bipustulatus)

The coagulation mechanism of the sand crab (O. bipustulatus) has been investigated. From the coagulocytes (amoebocytes) present in the crab haemolymph (blood), fibrinogen (coagulogen) was isolated. It was shown to be homogeneous by electrophoresis on S.D.S. polyacrylamide gel and had a molecular weight similar to the A alpha-chain of human fibrinogen. Unlike human fibrinogen. Unlike human fibrinogen it cannot be dissociated by reduction. In fibrin polymerization, a crosslinking process takes place and this process was inhibited by glycine ethyl ester. A fibrin stabilizing factor is present in the crab haemolymph and this protein was able to cross-link human fibrin in the same manner as human factor XIII.
International Conceptualizations of Diversity in Multi-Cultural Teacher Preparation: A Review of the Literature 2006-2015

This literature review updates and expands the authors' previous synthesis of empirical research on pre-service multicultural teacher preparation MTP conducted from 2006-2011 in settings outside the U.S. Liu, Baker, & Milman, 2014. In this review, the authors synthesized research conducted from 2006-2015 about a how diversity is conceptualized in teacher education, and b how MTP is practiced across international settings. Their analysis demonstrates that researchers in non-U.S. settings conceptualized diversity as: a unspecified or undefined; b connected to self; and c a social justice issue. MTP practices similar to their prior review included: critical reflections on self and other, culturally relevant pedagogies, and theory-to-practice transfer. The authors' updated analysis additionally revealed a new approach that they termed interdisciplinary MTP. Implications call for initiating innovative collaborations in teacher preparation to explore complex, evolving definitions of diversity shaped by global and local discourses, and learning from each other about meaningful, effective MTP across international settings.
Civil Justice System and Other Institutional Systems

This chapter presents evidence that African-American males are disproportionately harmed not only by every aspect of the criminal justice system but also by other institutional systems. Specifically, from education, employment, voting, and health care services, African-American males face racial injustices. The status of African-American males in public schools continues to deteriorate at an alarming rate. It is clear that at every step of the educational system, from preschool to college African-American males face almost insurmountable challenges to complete high school and to attend college. The rate of unemployment and underemployment for African-American males has worsened during the past four decades, in part because of discrimination. They also face voting disenfranchisement. Indeed, every year, approximately 1.4 million African-American males’ ability to vote in this country has been abridged temporarily or permanently. This chapter also confirms that African-American males face racial disparity in receiving health services.
MASS FEARS, STRONG LEADERS AND THE RISK OF RENEWED CONFLICT: THREE ESSAYS ON POST-CONFLICT ELECTIONS

OF DISSERTATION MASS FEARS, STRONG LEADERS AND THE RISK OF RENEWED CONFLICT: THREE ESSAYS ON POST-CONFLICT ELECTIONS Countries emerging out of armed conflicts face immense challenges in their efforts to build electoral democracies. Contrary to our intuition that elections can transform violent competition to peaceful political contests, past research suggests that holding post-conflict elections only increases the chance of renewed violence. Why are elections unable to build sustainable democracies as expected? In this dissertation, I examine the question by focusing on two levels of analysis. First, I study the effects of violence on political behavior of mass publics at the individual level using the World Values survey Dataset. I argue that citizens are more inclined to support undemocratic leaders, when they are faced with threats from armed violence. Empirically, I find that presence of pre-election violence in post-conflict elections leads voters to prefer parties that are stronger in terms of their violence-wielding capacities over more moderate and peaceful parties. Second, I investigate how such an outcome might influence the risk of renewed conflicts in a country emerging out of armed conflict. The hypothesized mechanism can only be described as tragic. At individual level, fearful voters support violent parties mainly to maintain the status quo, fearing that parties with a violent reputation are likely to renew conflict if they lose the election. Tragically, however, placing undemocratic and violent parties in power only increases the likelihood of renewed conflicts. I test this expectation using an event history model to analyze all post-conflict countries from 1950 to 2010 and find that the presence of pre-election violence in a country increases its risk of renewed armed conflicts. The study has important implication for policymakers and election monitoring bodies. Rather than the current practice of observing only a single event Election Day, this study emphasizes the importance of creating a secure environment during the pre-election phase, about six months prior to the first election, in order to achieve a sustainable peace in post-conflict countries.
Is There a Culture or Religion of Torture? International Support for Brutal Treatment of Suspected Terrorists

ABSTRACTDo certain cultures or religions predispose citizens to support the deployment of torture against suspected terrorists? Based on an international survey of 31 different countries, we examine how religion and culture affect respondents' position on torture. We find that at the individual level, the nonreligious are resolutely opposed to torture, and that Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, and other faiths are more supportive. Among world cultures, Muslim/African cultures are most opposed to the torture of terrorists, while Confucian, English-speaking, and South Asian cultures are the most supportive of it. We also find that the use of torture has less support in countries that are suffering from terrorism, once religion and culture are considered.
Mediation of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Effects Through Subclinical Vascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Objective— It is unclear to what extent subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as coronary artery calcium (CAC), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are mediators of the known associations between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and incident CVD events. We assessed the portion of the effects of risk factors on incident CVD events that are mediated through CAC, CIMT, and FMD. Approach and Results— Six thousand three hundred fifty-five of 6814 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants were included. Nonlinear implementation of structural equation modeling (STATA mediation package) was used to assess whether CAC, CIMT, or FMD are mediators of the association between traditional risk factors and incident CVD event. Mean age was 62 years, with 47% men, 12% diabetics, and 13% current smokers. After a mean follow-up of 7.5 years, there were 539 CVD adjudicated events. CAC showed the highest mediation while FMD showed the least. Age had the highest percent of total effect mediated via CAC for CVD outcomes, whereas current cigarette smoking had the least percent of total effect mediated via CAC (percent [95% confidence interval]: 80.2 [58.8–126.7] versus 10.6 [6.1–38.5], respectively). Body mass index showed the highest percent of total effect mediated via CIMT (17.7 [11.6–38.9]); only a negligible amount of the association between traditional risk factors and CVD was mediated via FMD. Conclusions— Many of the risk factors for incident CVD (other than age, sex, and body mass index) showed a modest level of mediation via CAC, CIMT, and FMD, suggesting that current subclinical CVD markers may not be optimal intermediaries for gauging upstream risk factor modification.
Digital Light Processing and MEMS: an overview

A new projection display technology called Digital Light Processing/sup TM/ (DLP/sup TM/) accepts digital video and transmits to the eye a burst of digital light pulses that the eye interprets as a color analog image. DLP is based on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device known as the Digital Micromirror Device/sup TM/ (DMD/sup TM/). Invented in 1987 at Texas Instruments, the DMD is a fast, reflective digital light switch. It can be combined with image processing, memory, a light source, and optics to form a DLP system capable of projecting large, bright, seamless, high-contrast color images with better color fidelity and consistency than current displays.
Radioimmunotherapy-Based Conditioning with Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Plus High Dose BEAM for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Does the Regimen Matter?

Background: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has played an important role in the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Several studies demonstrate that standard-dose 90Y ibritumomab tiuxean (0.4 mci/kg) (Zevalin) plus high-dose BEAM (BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) (ZBEAM) is a well-tolerated HCT preparative regimen. Herein we report the outcomes of a prospective single-arm phase II study of ZBEAM conditioning in three CD20+ NHL histologic strata: mantle cell (MCL), diffuse large B cell (DLBCL), and follicular (FL)/transformed (TF). The study was designed to detect a 20% improvement in PFS, within each stratum, over historical rates for BEAM alone at 2-years post HCT with ~80% power, α=0.05. Patients and Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed CD20+ MCL, DLBCL, FL, or TF were eligible if they failed induction therapy, had relapsed disease or poor risk disease (Table 1). Patients with DLBCL or FL were classified as poor risk if they failed to achieve a complete response after induction chemotherapy or had high-/high-intermediate-risk features per the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (IPI) at diagnosis. All MCL and TF lymphomas were considered poor risk, including those in first remission. Results: The median follow-up for surviving patients: 43 months (range: 3-79). The estimated PFS and overall survival (OS) probabilities at 3 years were between 47-75% and 82-91%, respectively (Table 2); non-relapse mortality (NRM) was Conclusion: Across histologies, high OS and low NRM confirm the safety and tolerability of the regimen, while improvements in 2-year PFS compared to historical controls in DLBCL and MCL are notable1-4 leading us to conclude that, in the case of MCL and DLBCL, RIT based conditioning improves outcome compared to high dose chemotherapy alone. The strikingly high PFS within the DLBCL subgroup, even though this strata had the highest percentage of induction failure patients serve as a basis for an ongoing multinational randomized phase III trial comparing ZBEAM to BEAM for the treatment of relapsed/ IF DLBCL. References 1) Mills W, et al. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:588-595. 2) Shimoni A, et al. Cancer 2012;118:4706-4714. 3) Kolstad A et al. Blood 2014;123:2953-2959. 4) Berger MD et al. Hematol Oncol 2015; doi:10.1002/hon Disclosures Krishnan:celgene: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Speakers Bureau; millennium: Speakers Bureau; onyx: Speakers Bureau; jannsen: Consultancy; jazz: Consultancy; spectrum: Consultancy. Off Label Use: Zevalin combined with BEAM. Nademanee:Gilead: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics Inc.: Research Funding; Spectrum: Research Funding. Chen:Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy, Other: Travel expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Forman:Mustang: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy.
Gaelic Organizations in Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Ontario

This article offers a brief summary of the history and activities of Gaelic organizations in Ontario in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It examines how Ontario Gaels thought about themselves as a distinct group, what particular people considered to be valuable or disposable aspects of their ethnicity, how they negotiated between their ancestral inheritance and the expectations of Angloconformity, and how contemporary values and events conditioned internal and external perceptions. It concludes that previous commentary about Scottish and Gaelic organizations in Ontario contrasts with the Gaelic texts produced by and about these groups.
The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in New World Salamanders with Some Comments on Old World Salamandrids

Salamander courtship has been the subject of several recent reviews (Joly 1966; Organ and Organ 1968; Salthe 1967; Salthe and Mecham 1974). These reviews introduce the reader to the extensive descriptive literature on salamander courtship and provide some interesting speculations about the phylogeny of sexual behavior. Since macroevolution of salamander courtship has been reviewed recently, I will focus, instead, on the sexual dynamics of populations and on the selective pressures that stabilize and direct the course of behavioral evolution.
A Review of The Builders Association's Elements of Oz

This performance review of Elements of OZ, after describing the interactions between the production’s onstage action, recorded and livestreamed sequences, and innovative smartphone app, proposes that the production fundamentally explores process rather than artistic product: the making of the original MGM film, the percolation of the film throughout popular culture, and The Builders Association’s own unique method of live reenactment and reconceptualization
Mutation Analysis in Cultured Cells of Transgenic Rodents

To comply with guiding principles for the ethical use of animals for experimental research, the field of mutation research has witnessed a shift of interest from large-scale in vivo animal experiments to small-sized in vitro studies. Mutation assays in cultured cells of transgenic rodents constitute, in many ways, viable alternatives to in vivo mutagenicity experiments in the corresponding animals. A variety of transgenic rodent cell culture models and mutation detection systems have been developed for mutagenicity testing of carcinogens. Of these, transgenic Big Blue® (Stratagene Corp., La Jolla, CA, USA, acquired by Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA, BioReliance/Sigma-Aldrich Corp., Darmstadt, Germany) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and the λ Select cII Mutation Detection System have been used by many research groups to investigate the mutagenic effects of a wide range of chemical and/or physical carcinogens. Here, we review techniques and principles involved in preparation and culturing of Big Blue® mouse embryonic fibroblasts, treatment in vitro with chemical/physical agent(s) of interest, determination of the cII mutant frequency by the λ Select cII assay and establishment of the mutation spectrum by DNA sequencing. We describe various approaches for data analysis and interpretation of the results. Furthermore, we highlight representative studies in which the Big Blue® mouse cell culture model and the λ Select cII assay have been used for mutagenicity testing of diverse carcinogens. We delineate the advantages of this approach and discuss its limitations, while underscoring auxiliary methods, where applicable.
Modeling meiotic chromosome pairing: increased fidelity from a tug of war between telomere forces and a pairing-based Brownian ratchet

Meiotic homolog pairing involves associations between homologous DNA regions scattered along the length of a chromosome. When homologs associate, they tend to do so by a processive zippering processive, which apparently results from avidity effects. Using a computational model, we show that this avidity-driven processive zippering reduces the selectivity of pairing. When active random forces are applied to telomeres, this drop in selectivity is eliminated in a force-dependent manner. Further simulations suggest that active telomere forces are engaged in a tug-of-war against zippering, which can be interpreted as a Brownian ratchet with a stall force that depends on the dissociation constant of pairing. When perfectly homologous regions of high affinity compete with homeologous regions of lower affinity, the affinity difference can be amplified through this tug of war effect provided the telomere force acts in a range that is strong enough to oppose zippering of homeologs while still permitting zippering of correct homologs. The degree of unzippering depends on the radius of the nucleus, such that complete unzippering of homeologous regions can only take place if the nucleus is large enough to pull the two chromosomes completely apart. A picture of meiotic pairing thus emerges that is fundamentally mechanical in nature, possibly explaining the purpose of active telomere forces, increased nuclear diameter, and the presence of 9Maverick9 chromosomes in meiosis.
Biomimetic Vision Sensors

This chapter is focused on vision sensors based on both mammalian and insect vision systems. Typically, the former uses a single large-aperture lens system and a large, high-resolution focal plane array; the latter uses many small-aperture lenses, each coupled to a small group of photodetectors. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of design are discussed, along with some guidelines for designing such sensors. A brief review of basic optical engineering, including simple diffraction theory and mathematical tools such as Fourier optics, is followed by a demonstration of how to match an optical system to some collection of photodetectors. Modeling and simulations performed with tools such as Zemax and MATLAB® are described for better understanding of both optical and neural aspects of biological vision systems and how they may be adapted to an artificial vision sensor. A biomimetic vision system based on the common housefly, Musca domestica , is discussed.
Other Nephrotoxic Metals and Nanometallic Particles

This chapter is intended to provide a brief overview of the mechanisms of cellular nephrotoxicity for a number of toxic metals and the metalloid arsenic. The emphasis is on the molecular handling of these elements in terms of known mechanisms of toxicity targeting cell populations within the kidney. Since the kidney is known to concentrate all these elements to a high degree, the issue of metallic mixtures and interactions among these elements is discussed where such data are available. The growing use of these elements in the production of nanomaterials is taken up as a pressing toxicological research requirement since conversion of these elements into more biologically available nanomaterial forms may increase their toxicological potential on an individual or mixture basis.
Can we improve the diagnostic yield of small bowel video-capsule endoscopy?

Video-capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the examination of small bowel mucosa. However, this modality is relatively young and its diagnostic yield is low. Herein, we discuss different approaches to improve examination’s diagnostic yield. There are strong data supporting some of them while there is speculation about the rest. As capsule endoscopy continues to evolve there is also a strong belief that technology will overcome at least some of the obstacles that hamper capsule endoscopy’s diagnostic yield sometime in the near future.
Standards for Conducting Ophthalmic Examinations in Laboratory Animals

Ocular toxicology pertains to toxicological effects on the eye of drugs administered topically, periocularly, intraocularly, or systemically. The ophthalmic examination is able to provide detailed in-life information and is used in combination with clinical observations, clinical pathology, and histopathology to assess potential toxicologic effects. The ophthalmologist must be familiar with the wide range of species used in the field of toxicology, be familiar with the anatomic variations associated with these species, be able to differentiate an inherited or a breed-related finding from a study-related effect, be competent with the required ophthalmic equipment, and be capable of examining this wide range of animals.
Explorations in place attachment

For purposes of this text, place attachment is, “the emotional bond that develops between a person and a place” (p. 2). To date, the focus of place attachment research has been the psychology of in...
Optic axis mapping with catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Birefringence offers an intrinsic contrast mechanism related to the microstructure and arrangement of fibrillary tissue components. Here we present a reconstruction strategy to recover not only the scalar amount of birefringence, but also its optic axis orientation as a function of depth in tissue from measurements with catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. A polarization symmetry constraint, intrinsic to imaging in the backscatter direction, facilitates the required compensation for wavelength-dependent transmission through the system elements, the rotating catheter, and overlying tissue layers. Applied to the intravascular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis in human patients, the optic axis affords refined interpretation of plaque architecture.
Sleep disorders in traumatic brain injury.

Background Sleep disorders play a significant role in the care of those with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Objective To provide a literature review on the interaction of sleep and circadian processes on those with TBI. Methods A literature review was conducted on PubMed using the following key words and their combination: "Sleep Apnea", "Traumatic Brain Injury", "Circadian", "Parasomnia", "Insomnia", "Hypersomnia", "Narcolepsy", and "Restless Legs". We review the spectrum of traumatic brain injury associated sleep disorders and discuss clinical approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Results Disordered sleep and wakefulness after TBI is common. Sleep disruption contributes to morbidity, such as the development of neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits, and prolongs the recovery phase after injury. Early recognition and correction of these problems may limit the secondary effects of traumatic brain injury and improve neuro recovery/patient outcomes. Conclusions A more focused approach to sleep health is appropriate when caring for those with TBI.
Black or white? The effects of a larger-bodied model’s race on evaluations of body-sensitive products

Studies show mixed results for the effectiveness of larger-bodied models in marketing campaigns. This paper examines the spillover effects of larger-bodied models on brand and product evaluations w...
Performance Analysis of Multipath Data Transport in Tactical Networks

Tactical networks possess path diversity that could be utilized for multipath data transmission among communicating entities in an extreme environment. In this paper, we apply the fluid flow model for multipath communication to an infrastructure-less mobile ad hoc network. Bianchi’s [16] capacity formulation for IEEE802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) for basic access and virtual carrier sensing modes is used to compute link capacities of the network to facilitate fluid flow modeling. Two network topologies have been analyzed using the fluid model and upper bounds on the arrival rates of active flows and the capacity gains achievable using multipaths are presented.
Selecting Residents for Predetermined Factors Identified and Thought to be Important for Work Performance and Satisfaction: A Methodology

Objective The medical profession seeks to hire and train individuals who consistently meet and/or exceed both job and cultural expectations. Resident selection is often not structured to meet this goal. The objective of this quality improvement project was to evaluate a classic unscripted interview process (OI) in conjunction with a structured, scripted interview process (SI) developed using an established hiring methodology from industry not yet utilized in health care. Qualitative questions we sought to answer: (1) Can SI be practically applied to the selection of residents? (2) Is there a significant difference in the relative position of applicants between the OI and SI rank lists? (3) Qualitatively, does SI help the evaluation/discussion of the affective domain? Methods Design: Prospective qualitative comparison of OI versus SI. Setting: Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH. Participants: Applicants were assessed by OI and SI. SI factors were selected based on a job profile. Interview scripts were created from validated behavioral and attitudinal questions. Online assessments assessed 2 important attributes - adaptability and values. Rank lists were compared for relative rank position of applicants. Feedback from faculty was obtained. Results Fifty-two applicants. Critical attributes were self-management, integrator-synthesizer, versatility, communication, and achievement. Absolute mean difference in rank/applicant was 9.8 (standard deviation 8.9, Range 0-36) positions. Comparing the top 20 candidates of each rank list, 40% of those applicants were only on one list. Faculty felt that applicants were given a greater opportunity to show “who they are.” Conclusions In conjunction with OI, an industry proven methodology was practically applied to define and select for high performance for the authors’ specific institution. Comparing OI and SI resulted in substantial differences in rank lists. This initiative seemed to provide a structure to evaluate values and motivations that are inherently difficult to assess. Faculty felt SI in conjunction with OI gave a greater chance for applicants to show “who they are.”
Who benefits? Head start directors' views of coordination with elementary schools to support the transition to kindergarten

Abstract Research and theory posit that children will benefit from coordinated and aligned early education experiences, yet there is limited research on how early education and elementary school systems coordinate with one another during this period. Using qualitative interviews with Head Start directors in the U.S. (N = 16), this study identified numerous ways in which Head Start directors coordinate with elementary schools to share information about individual children and program practices, and to serve as a bridge between families and schools during the transition to kindergarten. Thematic analysis revealed that coordination may benefit children indirectly through both improved teaching practices, increased alignment and parent supports. Findings indicate the need for additional research to explore indirect links between coordination and children's success. A conceptual model to guide future research is discussed.
College Students’ Attitudes About Mental Health-Related Content in Mobile Apps

This original study explored college students’ mobile phone app usage, and their attitudes about the usefulness of mental health-related content in a mental health-related mobile phone app and a mobile app linked to their college. More than half of the 113 undergraduate and graduate students indicated goal-setting assistance, stress management resources, well-being information, mental health resources, and contact information of local mental health agencies would be very to extremely useful in a mobile phone app linked to their college. Campus-based mobile phone apps could provide an alternative method for students to seek mental health-related services and may improve college students’ poor help-seeking behaviors.
The Faerie Queene’s punctuations

Canto 10 of Book II of Spenser’s Faerie Queene narrates a long chronicle of history that relates the turbulent formation of “Briton” from its inception to the reign of Gloriana and Arthur. A useful...
Rethinking Why and How Organizations Acquire Information Technologies, Part 2

The purpose of this essay is to examine how a comfortable paradigm for explaining the spread of a major technology began cracking, shaken by new findings. I do this by, first, summarizing familiar explanations for the diffusion of computing, as much recently historical research still depends on it. Then I describe problems-cracks-appearing in these assumptions, followed by a proposed modification of how to view IT's diffusion the why and how an an update more in line with current historiography. The conclusion of this essay identifies implications for research on other technologies, especially those that emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution still unfolding, many of which are morphing into quasi-computers themselves.
In-depth approach for identifying crash causation patterns and its implications for pedestrian crash prevention.

Abstract Introduction A pedestrian crash occurs due to a series of contributing factors taking effect in an antecedent-consequent order. One specific type of antecedent-consequent order is called a crash causation pattern. Understanding crash causation patterns is important for clarifying the complicated growth of a pedestrian crash, which ultimately helps recommend corresponding countermeasures. However, previous studies lack an in-depth investigation of pedestrian crash cases, and are insufficient to propose a representative picture of causation patterns. Method: In this study, pedestrian crash causation patterns were discerned by using the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM). One hundred and forty-two pedestrian crashes were investigated, and five pedestrian pre-crash scenarios were extracted. Then, the crash causation patterns in each pre-crash scenario were analyzed; and finally, six distinct patterns were identified. Accordingly, 17 typical situations corresponding to these causation patterns were specified as well. Results: Among these patterns, the pattern related to distracted driving and the pattern related to an unexpected change of pedestrian trajectory contributed to a large portion of the total crashes (i.e., 27% and 24%, respectively). Other patterns also played an important role in inducing a pedestrian crash; these patterns include the pattern related to an obstructed line of sight caused by outside objects (9%), the pattern that involves reduced visibility (13%), and the pattern related to an improper estimation of the gap distance between the vehicle and the pedestrian (10%). The results further demonstrated the inter-heterogeneity of a crash causation pattern, as well as the intra-heterogeneity of pattern features between different pedestrian pre-crash scenarios. Conclusions and practical applications: Essentially, a crash causation pattern might involve different contributing factors by nature or dependent on specific scenarios. Finally, this study proposed suggestions for roadway facility design, roadway safety education and pedestrian crash prevention system development.
Responding to the hidden pandemic for healthcare workers: stress.

Healthcare workers are having to work under incredibly stressful conditions. Videoconferencing can be harnessed to provide mental-health support, but some report ‘tele-health’ fatigue. To protect public health, prepare for the mental-health surge among healthcare workers.
Color-selective geometric phase lens for apochromatic lens system

Thin lenses have potentially much lower weight and volume than traditional refractive lenses, and therefore enable compelling solutions in augmented-/virtual-/mixed-reality (AR/VR/MR) headsets. The geometric-phase lens (GPL), formed either with liquid crystals (LCs) or metasurfaces, is emerging as a leading technology because of its ability to implement arbitrary aspherical phase profiles and its potential for low loss and minimal ghosting. However, a strong chromatic dispersion is inherent to each singlet. One prior method to overcome this employs a stack of multiple achromatic GPLs acting on all colors simultaneously with color filters and other waveplates to achieve an apochromatic lens system. Another concept in the prior art is to use multiple color-selective GPLs (CS-GPLs) wherein each diffracts only a single color while transmitting the others. In this work, we report on a family of color-selective GPLs with highly chromatic efficiency spectra, made using multi-twist LC coatings. In both theory and experiment, we show the diffraction efficiency of red, green, and blue lenses is high (< 91%) while the complementary colors of each coating are almost fully transmitted undiffracted. The CS-GPLs is a promising optical element to provide a new route to mitigate the chromatic abberation in the AR/VR/MR lens system.
Techniques to Avoid Complications of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Atrial fibrillation ablation is an increasingly common procedure adapted by electrophysiologists across the world. Any procedure naturally comes with inherent risks of complications. The goal of this review is to elaborate latest techniques and strategies to avoid complications of ablation. There is increased focus on new tools for avoiding esophageal injury as well as minimizing phrenic nerve injury in addition to utilization of newer ablation technologies to address safer and effective ablation. A combination of improved patient selection and better treatment protocols combined with methods for early detection of complications will significantly reduce the incidence of complications. Newer innovative technologies like esophageal temperature monitoring, mechanical deviation, and integration of ablation parameters are helping to avoid or minimize collateral damage.
The value of the species interaction-abiotic stress hypothesis (SIASH) for invasion biology: using native latitude to explain non-native latitudinal range sizes

Establishment and spread of introduced species are difficult to predict because they are subject to a myriad of factors. A hypothesis which integrates multiple ecological processes, such as the species interaction-abiotic stress hypothesis (SIASH), may improve our ability to predict introduction success (i.e. establishment and spread). SIASH postulates that, along an environmental gradient, species’ range limits are set by abiotic stress at the environmentally harsh end of that gradient and by species interactions at the environmentally benign end of the gradient. Given that species richness increases nearer the equator and that climate becomes harsher (colder) nearer the poles, latitude represents a useful gradient with which to test simple predictions of SIASH. In order to test whether non-native ranges conform to the predictions of SIASH, we evaluated non-native latitudinal range size data for 195 cross-continental, naturalized introductions of 140 animal and plant species. Median latitude of native range was positively related to range size in the introduced zone, such that species native to high latitudes occupied larger introduced ranges than species native to low latitudes. Furthermore, temperate native species occupied larger latitudinal ranges when introduced to tropical and subtropical zones than did tropical native species introduced to temperate zones. Our results suggest that where a species originates is as important as where it is introduced for predicting introduction success. Abiotic stress from cold more strongly constrains the range extents of introduced species than species interactions, which is particularly pronounced for species originating from tropical regions. Future work should determine how species interactions and abiotic stress jointly explain other components of non-native species’ success across different spatial gradients to better integrate SIASH into invasion biology.
Reconstructing cranial evolution in an extinct hominin.

Homo erectus is the first hominin species with a truly cosmopolitan distribution and resembles recent humans in its broad spatial distribution. The microevolutionary events associated with dispersa...