cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Genetic Characterization of a Mutant of Escherichia coli with a Temperature-Sensitive Valyl Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase

Bock, August (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.), Lia Eidlic Faiman, and Frederick C. Neidhardt. Biochemical and genetic characterization of a mutant of Escherichia coli with a temperature-sensitive valyl ribonucleic acid synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 92:1076-1082. 1966.-To test our conclusion that Escherichia coli mutant I-9 possesses a valyl soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA) synthetase that functions in vivo at 30 C but not at 37 C, measurements were made by use of the periodate method, of the level of charged valyl sRNA in this strain. A shift of temperature from 30 to 40 C resulted in a rapid discharging of valyl sRNA coordinate with the cessation of protein synthesis; at the same time, other species of sRNA, such as those for leucine, became fully charged. Identical results were obtained with a derivative of I-9 with relaxed ribonucleic acid (RNA) control. When P1 phage were grown on wild cells and then used at low multiplicities of infection to transduce temperature-resistant growth into I-9, complete cotransduction of normal valyl sRNA synthetase occurred. By means of the interrupted-mating technique, the structural gene for valyl sRNA synthetase was located on the E. coli chromosome map and found to be near thr, one-fifth of the length of the chromosome removed from the structural genes for the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic enzymes. Therefore, (i) the major valyl sRNA synthetase activity of I-9 appears to be temperature-sensitive in vivo, (ii) relaxed amino acid control over RNA synthesis does not appear to be a consequence of a normal charging of sRNA with a substitute molecule, and (iii) one structural gene for valyl sRNA synthetase is located on the E. coli chromosome not closely linked to the cistrons for the valine-biosynthetic enzymes.
Doing Science + Culture: How Cultural and Interdisciplinary Studies are Changing the Way We Look at Science and Medicine

Doing Science. Culture: How Cultural and Interdisciplinary Studies are Changing the Way We Look at Science and Medicine. Roddy Reid and Sharon Traweek. eds. New York/London: Routledge, 2000. viii. 339 pp.
Barter: A Small Business Strategic Option In A Weak Economy

This article probes the currently growing phenomenon of barter as a small business strategic tool. First, the concept of a barter exchange is explained, and the mechanics of small business membership in such exchanges are described. This is followed by a review of the literature, which indicates minimal academic analysis of this phenomenon. The research methodology of this study, involving a two-stage series of in-depth telephone interviews with owners, managers and small business members of barter exchanges, is then described. The research findings are then presented and are used to generate a set of specific guidelines for the small business owner/manager considering membership in a barter exchange. These guidelines answer the q1umions: "Will barter be applicable and beneficial for my company?" "How should I choose a barter exchange?" "How can I fully benefit from barter exchange membership?"
THE VALIDITY OF HUMAN AND COMPUTERIZED WRITING ASSESSMENT

This paper summarizes an experiment designed to assess the validity of essay grading between holistic and analytic human graders and a computerized grader based on latent semantic analysis. The validity of the grade was gauged by the extent to which the student’s knowledge of the topic correlated with the grader’s expert knowledge. To assess knowledge, Pathfinder networks were generated by the student essay writers, the holistic and analytic graders, and the computerized grader. It was found that the computer generated grades more closely matched the definition of valid grading than did human generated grades.
SU-FF-T-317: Measured and Simulated Non-Target Whole-Body Doses for Selected IMRT and 3D-CRT Treatment Plans

Purpose: A symposium at this year's APPM Summer Meeting calls for the attention to the non‐target exposures during emerging modalities. The change from 3D‐CRT to IMRT has been accompanied by many new challenges including a potential for an increase in second malignancies due to more fields and longer exposure times. The goal of this study is to establish a robust method for comparing in‐phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of whole body doses resulting from 3D‐CRT and IMRTtreatment plans. Method and Materials: Measurements using a RANDO phantom and MOSFETdosimeters were re‐constructed to determine organdoses from three typical treatment plans, 4‐field 3D‐CRT, 6‐Field 3D‐CRT, and 7‐Field IMRT for the prostate. Dose tally estimates using a segmented RANDO computational phantom were generated by MCNP5 and compared with experimental data. Results: The dosimeter readings show that the doses decrease as distances increase for all treatment plans. At 40 cm from the target, doses are reduced nearly 100%. At this location, the IMRT plan resulted in a dose that is a factor of 3–5 times higher than the two 3D‐CRT plans. This is due to increase scattered radiation from the extended exposure time for IMRTtreatment. Comparisons of organdoses will be done with ongoing studies of MCNP5 simulations for the above treatment plans. Conclusion: A method has been developed and tested to use MOSFETdosimeters to measure whole‐body doses resulting from IMRT and 3D‐CRT treatment plans. The case study for prostate shows that IMRT delivers higher out‐of‐field photondoses than 3D‐CRT. By combining the Monte Carlo simulation of various accelerators and patient anatomy, the potential non‐target doses can be better assessed than what is currently done, thus offering a practical way for the management of secondary exposures from emerging modalities.
Guided-Wave Controlled Etalons

Optical bistability in a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon can be controlled by several optical beams injected through the edges of the etalon. The control beams, which propagate transversely in the etalon, modify the refractive index, which in turn switches the etalon between its two stable states. The theory of operation of the device is presented, possible logical operations are discussed and experimental results from using an InSb electron and a CO laser are reported.
Regional extension of lung cancer

Abstract At the time of diagnosis lung cancer often has progressed to involve regional lymph nodes, or there is other extension of the primary tumor outside the lung of origin. An approach to the surgical treatment of this clinical disease state, that is confined to the ipsilateral hemithorax, has been described in terms of the biologic behavior of specific tumors and the implications of anatomic extent of disease. Among patients whose disease was completely resected, the survival rate of those with T1 N1 subset of Stage I disease was 52%; for those with T2 N1, Stage II disease, it was 31%; for all patients with Stage III disease, any T3, any N2, the survival rate was 16%. These results have been useful in estimating the potential of surgical curability and for exploiting the possibilities of the multi-modality treatment concept.
An individually tunable perfect reconstruction filterbank for banded waveguide synthesis

In gaming and other multimedia applications, there is an increasing need to simulate and transform the sounds of physical interactions with real-world objects. When these sounds are based upon source recordings, this motivates the need for flexible, yet ecologically valid resyntheses. With modal analysis as a front end, banded waveguide resynthesis enables flexible modifications to dynamic spectral content and varied forms of interaction. Unfortunately, traditional banded waveguide models using biquad filters can have problems with undesired transient behavior. To this end, we introduce a new perfect reconstruction filterbank that allows for each filter to be individually tuned to a desired mode frequency and precisely cancel the other selected frequencies. Comparisons with traditional biquad models amply demonstrate the improved transient response and overall fidelity of our model. In addition, examples of resynthesis, transformation, and alternative interaction with real-world recordings are given.
Arterial air embolism.

Abstract Arterial air embolism is an infrequent but often disastrous complication of various thoracic therapeutic procedures. Occasionally it may result paradoxically from air entering the systemic veins and reaching the systemic arteries through a septal defect, or possibly by other mechanisms. The serious manifestations are the result of obstruction by air bubbles of cerebral and coronary vessels, together with spasm of these vessels induced by the irritation of the gas. Animal experiments indicate that air introduced into the coronary circulation, either directly or by injection into the pulmonary vein or left auricle, produces ischemia of the myocardium in areas supplied by involved vessels. The ischemia is demonstrable grossly and by electrocardiographic examination. It may be very temporary, with speedy recovery, or it may persist even after the apparent complete disappearance of the gas bubbles. Death from ventricular fibrillation may result within a very short time after the injection of the air. The distribution of air within the arterial circulation is determined by the principle of air buoyancy. This principle may be made use of in the therapy of arterial air embolism.
The battles in Miami: the fall of the FTAA/ALCA and the promise of transnational movements

In November 2003 thousands of demonstrators staged protests in the streets of Miami while trade ministers from across the hemisphere met for the Eighth Ministerial of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). Accounts of these events tend to rehearse a common narrative about mass urban protests that frame such demonstrations as a conflict between proglobalization governments and antiglobalization activists. This narrative focuses on the physicality of the protests without considering their performative qualities, assumes that state practices and dissent are distinct, mutually exclusive realms of action, and takes ‘globalization’ to be a scale-fixed process. We call this narrative into question by pursuing two lines of inquiry. First, we analyze the spatial and discursive practices of three different groups of protesters so as to identify crucial affinities and distinctions in their positions and strategies. Second, we challenge the view that capitalist states are simply ‘proglobalization’ by considering...
Conversion of somatic antigens in Salmonella by phage infection leading to lysis or lysogeny

Abstract The conversion of Salmonella anatum (group E1, somatic antigens 3, 10) to group E2 (antigens 3, 15) by infection with phage ϵ15 and its virulent mutant ϵ15 vir has been analyzed. Antigen 15 appears in the cells within a few minutes after infection with either phage. The receptors for another phage, ϵ34, which can be adsorbed only by cells with antigen 15, appear with the new antigen. The receptors for phage C341, which is adsorbed only by cells with antigen 10, disappear following infection. In the early stages the cells have both antigens 10 and 15 and both sets of phage receptors. The cells that survive infection segregate lysogenic and nonlysogenic cells in their progeny. In the nonlysogenic segregants the changes in antigenic structure and in phage receptors initiated by phage infection persist for several generations; later, the cells revert to the typical E1 condition. The results indicate that the converted characters are controlled by vegetative phage as well as by prophage. Their bearing on the mechanism of conversion is discussed.
ON THE PROBLEM OF OSCILLATORY WALK OF AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINES

Abstract Walk of horizontal and vertical axis washers was investigated using rudimentary dynamic models of these washing machine systems. The models predict the qualitatively observed characteristics of walk. The results obtained in this study explain why the vertical axis washer typically exhibits an oscillatory walk behaviour in place while the horizontal axis washer exhibits an unstable walk behaviour in the sense that the oscillating machine will move steadily in a direction dictated by the rotational direction of the basket. Design criteria for avoidance of walk in automatic washing machines are discussed.
Impact of various storage conditions on enzymatic activity, biomass components and conversion to ethanol yields from sorghum biomass used as a bioenergy crop

Abstract With increased mandates for biofuel production in the US, ethanol production from lignocellulosic substrates is burgeoning, highlighting the need for thorough examination of the biofuel production supply chain. This research focused on the impact storage has on biomass, particularly photoperiod-sensitive sorghum biomass. Biomass quality parameters were monitored and included biomass components, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, along with extra-cellular enzymatic activity (EEA) responsible for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation and conversion to ethanol yields. Analyses revealed dramatic decreases in uncovered treatments, specifically reduced dry matter content from 88% to 59.9%, cellulose content from 35.3% to 25%, hemicellulose content from 23.7% to 16.0% and ethanol production of 0.20 to 0.02 g L −1 after 6 months storage along with almost double EEA activities. In contrast, biomass components, EEA and ethanol yields remained relatively stable in covered treatments, indicating covering of biomass during storage is essential for optimal substrate retention and ethanol yields.
Isotropic Rotational Brownian Motion

The Brownian motion of the orientation of any rigid body (sphere, set of rectangular axes, etc.) is calculated for the case of individual random infinitesimal rotations whose probabilities are independent of the direction of the axis of rotation (isotropic case). The calculations are carried out by means of quaternions; the more important formulas are also given in terms of the rotation angle and axis direction. The unit solution, or distribution of orientations arising from a specified initial orientation, is found as a series converging rapidly for not-too-small times. It turns out to be expressible in terms of a theta function, and thus there is also available a series converging rapidly for small times. The use of the unit solution as a propagation function is discussed briefly, and is illustrated by verification of the iteration property of the unit solution.
Arterial Malformations which Cause Compression of the Trachea or Esophagus

In recent years observations have shown that there are certain arterial malformations in the superior mediastinum which bring about significant compression of either the trachea or esophagus, or both of these structures. If the arterial derangements are of such a nature that symptoms are produced by obstruction of the esophagus and particularly by the impairment of the tracheal airway, it is of prime importance to recognize the underlying vascular malformation because surgical approach to the problem has a great deal to offer either by division of an offending vessel or by displacement of an artery in such a manner that more room is provided for the esophagus and trachea. Roentgenographic examination of the esophagus and trachea with contrast media usually gives a fairly clear impression of the arterial derangement and leads to accurate diagnosis. Visualization of the aortic pathways by angiocardiography or by retrograde aortography is seldom necessary. At operation, all these anomalies can be exposed thr...
Humidity-Resistance Relations in Carbon-Coated Hygroscopic Materials

RECENT notes1 on paper hygrometry recalled to me some earlier observations by myself on the decrease in electrical resistance with drying of a paper coated with a glue-lampblack mixture, and have led to further experiments with carbon-coated hygro-scopic materials. This decrease in resistance is attributed to the closer and more numerous carbon contacts as the paper shrinks.
EFFECTS OF RAW MATERIALS AND PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE HEAT PENETRATION TIMES, FIRMNESS, AND PECTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY OF DICED TOMATOES (HALLEY BOS 3155 CV)

The effects of raw materials and process variables on the heat penetration times into diced tomatoes (Halley Bos 3155 cv) were evaluated. Variables included dice size (1.27 and 2.54 cm), maturity at harvest (red and red+2 weeks), and processing temperature (88 and 92C). Heat penetration times between dice sizes were significantly different, but not between maturities or processing temperatures. Tomatoes were also evaluated for firmness, pectin-methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities. Half-inch size diced tomatoes were processed at 88 and 92C, and evaluated for firmness using the shear-compression method. Firmness decreased to 60% of the initial raw firmness from 8.8 × 10 5 to 5.3 × 10 5 g-mm after 15 s at 88C, and to 50% from 8.8 x 10 5 to 4.4 x 10 5 g-mm after 15 s at 92C. Diced tomato firmness showed a slight firming trend after 150 s at both temperatures. PME was inactivated after 45 s, while 5% residual PG activity remained after 3 min.
The influence of manganese and silicon on the oxidation behavior of Co-20Cr

The initial oxide was CoO which formed very rapidly by outward cation diffusion. A chromium-enriched substrate layer subsequently reacted via internal oxidation to form a continuous film of Cr2O3. The formation of CoCr2O4 occurred rapidly by the reaction of CoO and Cr2O3. The presence of CoCr2O4 spinel in the oxide scale was found to offer less oxidation resistance than a layer of Cr2O3 in Co-20Cr. The large mass of CoO that existed, as well as the much more rapid rate of spinel formation compared to the rate of Cr2O3 growth, resulted in the Cr2O3 being used up faster than new Cr2O3 could form. This behavior was opposite that observed in Ni-Cr alloys. Manganese additions slightly reduced the oxidation rate as well as the solid-state growth rate of spinel. However, the spinel still formed faster than new Cr2O3, and hence the protective layer was used up. Silicon additions reduced the oxidation rate, but the layers were highly susceptible to spalling upon cooling as well as during isothermal oxidation. The scales contained both spinel and Co2SiO4. The ortho-silicate was present as isolated particles and did not form a continuous protective film per se. The reduced oxidation rate was associated with a thin inner film of Cr2O3.
Hydrocarbons of marine phytoplankton

The hydrocarbon contents of 23 species of algae (22 marine planktonic), belonging to 9 algal classes, were analyzed. The highly unsaturated 3,6,9,12,15,18-heneicosalhexaene predominates in the Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Haptophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Rhizosolenia setigera contains n-heneicosane, presumably derived from the hexaolefin by hydrogenation. Two isomeric heptadecenes have been isolated: the double bond is located in 5-position in the bluegreen alga Synechococcus bacillaris and in 7-position in 2 green algae. Our complete analyses are discussed in the context of earlier data; some generalizations appear no longer valid. Hydrocarbon analysis of marine algae should provide a tool for the investigation of the dynamics of the marine food chain. Knowledge now available provides the background needed for distinguishing between hydrocarbons of recent biogenic origin and hydrocarbon pollutants from fossil fuels.
Inverse-narrow-width effects and small-geometry MOSFET threshold voltage model

An analytical threshold voltage model is developed based on the results from a three-dimensional MOSFET simulator, called MICROMOS. The model is derived by solving Poisson's equation analytically and is used to predict the threshold voltage of MOSFETs with fully recessed oxide isolation (the trench structure). Coupling was observed between the short-channel effect and the inverse-narrow-width effect. The coupling results from the mutual modulation of the depletion depth and is used to extend the analytical inverse narrow-width model to small-geometry devices. The model is compared with experimental data obtained from the literature as well as with the three-dimensional simulator. Satisfactory agreement for channel length down to 1.5 mu m and channel widths down to 1 mu m has been obtained. >
Priorities, concerns and unmet needs among Haitians in Boston after the 2010 earthquake

In January 2010, a massive earthquake struck Haiti. The devastation not only affected those living in Haiti at the time but also those Haitians living in the United States (U.S.). Few studies have assessed the degree of impact of the earthquake in U.S. Haitian communities. The purpose of this study was to elicit information about health priorities, concerns and resources needed to improve the delivery of health and social care for Haitians in Boston, MA. We conducted six focus groups among 78 individuals in the spring of 2011. Participants were recruited through community organisations, including churches, Haitian social service centres, restaurants and by word of mouth. Analysis of qualitative data revealed an enormous psychological, emotional, financial and physical toll experienced by Boston-area Haitians following the earthquake. Participants described increased distress, depressive episodes, headaches and financial hardship. They also noted insufficient resources to meet the increased needs of those living in the U.S., and those who had immigrated after the earthquake. Most participants cited an increased need for mental health services, as well as assistance with finding employment, navigating the immigration system, and balancing the health and financial needs of families in the U.S. and in Haiti. Despite this, many reported that the tragedy created a sense of unity and solidarity within the Haitian community. These findings corroborate the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health services, as well as for employment, immigration and healthcare navigation services. Participants suggested that interventions be offered through Haitian radio and television stations, as well as group events held in churches. Further research should assess the need for and barriers to utilisation of mental health services among the Haitian community. A multi-faceted approach that includes a variety of outreach strategies implemented through multiple channels may offer a means of improving awareness of and access to health and social services.
Vector field design on surfaces

Vector field design on surfaces is necessary for many graphics applications: example-based texture synthesis, nonphotorealistic rendering, and fluid simulation. For these applications, singularities contained in the input vector field often cause visual artifacts. In this article, we present a vector field design system that allows the user to create a wide variety of vector fields with control over vector field topology, such as the number and location of singularities. Our system combines basis vector fields to make an initial vector field that meets user specifications.The initial vector field often contains unwanted singularities. Such singularities cannot always be eliminated due to the Poincare-Hopf index theorem. To reduce the visual artifacts caused by these singularities, our system allows the user to move a singularity to a more favorable location or to cancel a pair of singularities. These operations offer topological guarantees for the vector field in that they only affect user-specified singularities. We develop efficient implementations of these operations based on Conley index theory. Our system also provides other editing operations so that the user may change the topological and geometric characteristics of the vector field.To create continuous vector fields on curved surfaces represented as meshes, we make use of the ideas of geodesic polar maps and parallel transport to interpolate vector values defined at the vertices of the mesh. We also use geodesic polar maps and parallel transport to create basis vector fields on surfaces that meet the user specifications. These techniques enable our vector field design system to work for both planar domains and curved surfaces.We demonstrate our vector field design system for several applications: example-based texture synthesis, painterly rendering of images, and pencil sketch illustrations of smooth surfaces.
Beyond double bar charts: The value of dot charts with ordered category clustering for reporting change in evaluation research

Although double bar charts are commonly used to report a change in quantity, they can obscure information and make analysis difficult. Dot charts coupled with ordered category clustering offer a better alternative.
Wavelength Dependence of Laser-Beam Scintillation*

Laser beam scintillation and log-amplitude variance evaluation for wavelengths on digital computer
Using self-assembled monolayers to model the extracellular matrix.

Abstract The extracellular matrix is an insoluble aggregate of large proteins and glycosoaminoglycans that comprises the microenvironment of cells in tissue. The matrix displays a host of ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors to mediate the attachment and spreading of cells and regulate signaling processes. Studies of cell–matrix interactions and downstream signaling processes commonly employ substrates having an adsorbed layer of protein and are challenged by the difficulty in controlling the structure and activity of the immobilized protein. Significant effort has been directed towards the development of model substrates that present adhesion ligands in defined densities, orientations and environments. Among these approaches, self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold offer a high level of control over the molecular structure of the surface and are well-suited to studies of cell adhesion. This review describes the design and use of monolayers for applications in cell biology, including the use of monolayers to evaluate the roles of peptide and protein ligands in cell–matrix interactions, the development of methods to pattern ligands on monolayers and applications to cell biology, the development of dynamic monolayers that can switch the activities of ligands presented to an adherent cell, and the rewiring of interactions between a cell and its substrate. These examples illustrate the flexibility inherent to monolayers for applications in cell biology.
Stem Cell Research in California: The Game Is On

The California Initiative embodied in Proposition 71 was designed to boost embryonic stem cell research and its translation into cell therapies in the face of federal restrictions on such research. With funding starting to flow, the stem cell revolution is now underway.
Stress dependence of mobile dislocation density and dislocation velocity from Lüders band front propagation velocity

Direct measurements (1) of the displacement of dislocations due to pulse loading of iron - 3.25 per cent silicon alloy have shown that the stress dependence of dislocation velocity for free dislocations moving into unstrained material can be represented by the empirical relation v=(τ/τ_0)^n, where v is the velocity, τ is the resolved shear stress and τ_0 and n are material constants. Inherent difficulties in obtaining direct displacement values have led to various suggestions for determining n by indirect methods.
TAMARIN: a landscape framework for evaluating economic incentives for rainforest restoration

Abstract The rapid disappearance of the remaining Atlantic rainforest in Brazil exemplifies the need for efficient conservation planning in fragmented habitats under intense human pressure. Such planning needs to address key conservation criteria: representation, redundancy, and resilience. It also needs to recognize the opportunity cost of devoting land to conservation. Yet most existing planning frameworks fail to incorporate all three conservation criteria, and few allow for spatially variable opportunity costs of land. This paper presents a GIS-based spatial decision support system—TAMARIN—that incorporates all these features. TAMARIN can be used to evaluate particular landscape configurations, such as proposed enhancements to a conservation reserve network. It also allows simulation and assessment of market-based economic policies to promote conservation, such as rental or purchase of conservation easements. These may be particularly important in minimizing costs and securing landholder compliance in populous areas with highly fragmented natural habitats. Although TAMARIN was tailored to the planning issues and data sources of the south Bahia portion of the Atlantic rainforest, the ecological and economic underpinnings make it adaptable to many other locations.
Community and School Mental Health Professionals’ Knowledge and Use of Evidence Based Substance Use Prevention Programs

Youth with learning and behavioral problems are at elevated risk for substance use during adolescence. Although evidence-based substance use prevention and screening practices are described in the literature, the extent with which these are provided to these youth is unclear. Mental health professionals in schools and community mental health centers are in an ideal position to conduct substance use screening and prevention practices since they have frequent contact with this high risk group. In order to determine whether these mental health professionals were using evidence based substance use screening and prevention programs with these youth, we analyzed 345 completed surveys from mental health professionals in schools and community clinics throughout a mid-Atlantic state. Results indicated that a large portion of the respondents were unfamiliar with evidence based practices and they were infrequently used. Implications for the division of labor at schools and community mental health centers are discussed in relation to time allotment and priority for these procedures.
The anatomy of the callosal and visual-association pathways in high-functioning autism: A DTI tractography study

There is increasing recognition that many of the core behavioral impairments that characterize autism potentially emerge from poor neural synchronization across nodes comprising dispersed cortical networks. A likely candidate for the source of this atypical functional connectivity in autism is an alteration in the structural integrity of intra- and inter-hemispheric white matter (WM) tracts that form large-scale cortical networks. To test this hypothesis, in a group of adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) and matched control participants, we used diffusion tensor tractography to compare the structural integrity of three intra-hemispheric visual-association WM tracts, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), the inferior fronto-occipito fasciculus (IFOF) and the uncinate fasciculus (UF), with the integrity of three sub-portions of the major inter-hemispheric fiber tract, the corpus callosum. Compared with the control group, the HFA group evinced an increase in the volume of the intra-hemispheric fibers, particularly in the left hemisphere, and a reduction in the volume of the forceps minor (F-Mi) and body of the corpus callosum. The reduction in the volume of the F-Mi also correlated with an increase in repetitive and stereotypical behavior as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview. These findings suggest that the abnormalities in the integrity of key inter- and intra-hemispheric WM tracts may underlie the atypical information processing observed in these individuals.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND INTROGRESSION IN TWO CULTIVATED SPECIES (PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS AND PORPHYRA TENERA) AND CLOSELY RELATED WILD SPECIES OF PORPHYRA (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)(1).

We investigated the genetic variations of the samples that were tentatively identified as two cultivated Porphyra species (Porphyra yezoensis Ueda and Porphyra tenera Kjellm.) from various natural populations in Japan using molecular analyses of plastid and nuclear DNA. From PCR-RFLP analyses using nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and plastid RUBISCO spacer regions and phylogenetic analyses using plastid rbcL and nuclear ITS-1 rDNA sequences, our samples from natural populations of P. yezoensis and P. tenera showed remarkably higher genetic variations than found in strains that are currently used for cultivation. In addition, it is inferred that our samples contain four wild Porphyra species, and that three of the four species, containing Porphyra kinositae, are closely related to cultivated Porphyra species. Furthermore, our PCR-RFLP and molecular phylogenetic analyses using both the nuclear and plastid DNA demonstrated the occurrence of plastid introgression from P. yezoensis to P. tenera and suggested the possibility of plastid introgression from cultivated P. yezoensis to wild P. yezoensis. These results imply the importance of collecting and establishing more strains of cultivated Porphyra species and related wild species from natural populations as genetic resources for further improvement of cultivated Porphyra strains.
Nondestructive detection of damage in aluminum: Electromagenetic discharge imaging

Abstract Electromagnetic Discharge Imaging (EDI) is applied for the nondestructive detection of imperfections and inhomogeneities in solids. These imperfections were introduced mechanically by drilling holes of different sizes and chemically by applying corrosive agents to aluminum specimens. The results are influenced by a host of variables associated with the waveform generator, the dielectric air gap and the specimen type. Correlation is thus established between the electromagnetic discharge image and the degree of material damage. Detection of material damage was also made possible even when the specimen surface was a layer of opaque insulation material.
Successful apexification technique in an immature tooth with dens in dente

Abstract This is the first case report which documents the successful treatment by apexification of an immature permanent tooth with dens in dente. The patient, an 11-year-old boy in good health, presented with unilateral facial swelling and a “sore tooth.” Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a partially erupted anomalous permanent canine with a radiolucent periapical area. After initial management with antibiotics, the anomalous structure within the canine was removed. Calcium hydroxide dressings were placed to facilitate apical closure. After 1 year the canal was filled with gutta-percha using a lateral condensation technique.
Abstract 5694: Zapotin mediates its action by inducing p53 in wild-type p53 positive human lung cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.2 million new cases annually. Despite the availability of several novel medications, very few have been found to be widely applicable or effective. Hence, the aim of present study was to assess the efficacy of Zapotin, a phytochemical present in the Mexican fruit Sapote blanco (Casimiroa edulis), in lung epithelial cells. Zapotin was chemically synthesized and the effects were evaluated on several human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549 (p53 wild type), Calu-1(p53 null), H1993 (p53 mutated)) and the Normal Human Bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2b) using cell proliferation assay (MTT Assay & Cell count method), apoptosis assay (TUNEL Assay), western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Significant growth inhibition of 66.91% and apoptosis was found to be induced in the A549 cells when treated with 1 μM zapotin for 72 hrs. On the other hand, no significant growth inhibition was noted for Beas-2b under the same conditions. Furthermore, the western blot analyses indicated that zapotin increased p53 and p21 protein expression in A549 cells but not in Beas-2b cells. Studies for p53 mRNA expression were completed on A549 and Beas-2b subsequent to treatment with zapotin and it showed to have no significant changes. This suggested that the activation of p53 is at protein level instead of transcriptional level. This is the first report to indicate that zapotin acts through p53 mediated pathway in wild-type p53 positive A549 cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5694.
The human rod ERG: correlation with psychophysical responses in light and dark adaptation.

Abstract The a- and b-waves over a large range of human scotopic ERG responses in various states of adaptation may be represented compactly by “H2” curves. This representation allows correlation of b-wave and psychophysical thresholds obtained in the same conditions of adaptation and shows sensitivity and scaling of response size are two separable features of both the a- and b-waves in light and dark adaptation. The relation of these responses to the underlying retinal processes is discussed.
Design And Execution Of A Phase Retrieval Demonstration Experiment

The relevant issues in the design of laboratory experiments to demonstrate phase retrieval from Fourier intensity (far-field speckle pattern) data from a laser-illuminated diffuse object are considered. Based on the results of these considerations, a demonstration phase retrieval experiment was conducted. A diffuse object was coherently illuminated, Fourier intensity data was collected and an image was reconstructed by the iterative Fourier transform algorithm using the Fourier intensity data and an a priori known triangular image support constraint. The intensity of the complex-valued reconstructed image compares favorably to a conventional image with the same spatial frequency bandwidth, thus providing an experimental demonstration of the phase retrieval method.
Birth outcomes of Asian-Indian-Americans

Abstract Objective This study examines the maternal characteristics and birth outcomes of infants of U.S. resident Asian-Indian-American (AIA) mothers and compares those to infants of U.S. resident Whites and African-American (AA) mothers. Methods Single live births to U.S. resident mothers with race/ethnicity coded on birth certificate as AIA, non-Hispanic White, or non-Hispanic AA were drawn from NCHS 1995 to 2000 U.S. Linked Live Birth/Infant Death files. Results Compared to AAs or Whites, AIAs have the lowest percentage of births to teen or unmarried mothers and mothers with high parity for age or with low educational attainment. After taking these factors into account, AIA had the highest risk of LBW, small-for-gestational age and term SGA births but a risk of infant death only slightly higher than Whites and far less than AAs. Conclusions The birth outcomes of AIAs do not follow the paradigm that more impoverished minority populations should have greater proportions of low birth weight and preterm births and accordingly greater infant mortality rates.
Cumulative Effects of Load Frequency and Velocity on the Lumbar Spine Response during a Repetitive Lifting Task

Work—related low back disorders arise from a complex interaction of events. One aspect of interest is cyclic or repetitive tasks, which are performed on a daily basis in a variety of situations, and often for extended periods of time. The specific questions to be addressed in this study are the effects of the load frequency and time-dependent material properties on the lumbar spine component behavior. The newly developed and validated, subject specific, finite element model of lumbar spine is used in conjunction with kinematic data imported from human subjects experimental testing of repetitive sagittally-symmetric lifting and lowering tasks. Creep and energy dissipation in the lumbar spine components are used to quantify the effect of lifting frequency and velocity on the potential for injury over an eight-hour workday.
Stability of interfaces of revolution with constant surface tension—the case of the catenoid

Abstract The configurational stability of the free surface of a liquid bridge in the form of a catenoid between two coaxial, equal, parallel, circular end plates is investigated for the case where external fields are negligible. Using the calculus of variations, it is shown that the catenoid is unstable for ratios of plate separation to neck diameter greater than 2·23918017 …, and stable for smaller ratios. This result also applies to the corresponding problem of the stability of a soap film joining the edges of two circular plates. These problems, where the volume enclosed by the free surface and the two end plates is constant, have been confused with the problem of determining the stability of a soap film between perforated end plates (or wire rings), where there is no constraint on the volume. The solutions of the constrained and unconstrained problems are discussed. In addition, experiments resembling those of Terquem were performed using soap films, and the theoretical prediction for the catenoid confirmed. By an easy application of our method, the classical result for the stability of a cylindrical soap film is also obtained.
STABILITY OF FROZEN GROUND BEEF CONTAINING MECHANICALLY DEBONED BEEF

Ground beef formulations containing three levels of mechanically deboned beef (MDB, 0, 10, and 20%) were stored at -12, -18 and-23°C. Initially and at 2-wk intervals for 24 wk, one chub pack from each formulation and each storage temperature was removed for chemical and sensory analysis. Formulation (level of MDB) and storage time had significant effects on all palatability traits. Frozen storage temperature had no significant effect on any of the palatability traits. Interactions between temperature and time; formulation and time; and formulation and temperature were nonsignificant. There was no evidence that the formulations containing MDB affected the storage properties of ground beef any more so than ground beef containing 0% MDB.
Sit and Reach Flexibility Measures for Boys and Girls Aged Three through Eight Years

The differences in sit and reach flexibility scores among boys and girls aged 3 through 8 yr. were investigated. Analysis indicated that the sit and reach flexibility test was a reliable measure across trials and sessions for the 300 subjects. Analysis of variance indicated the 3- to 4-yr.-old subjects were significantly more flexible than subjects aged 5 to 8 yr. Also, girls were significantly more flexible than boys across the three age groups. These findings remained significant even when leg/torso and arm/torso ratios served as covariates.
Radiative lifetimes of U.V. multiplets in atomic carbon, nitrogen and oxygen☆

Abstract Ten multiplets in the spectral region 916–1742 A of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen have been measured using a modification of the phase-shift technique. Excitation of the emission was accomplished by the impact of 200 eV electrons with molecular gases containing the atom of interest. The electron beam was sinusoidally modulated at eight, logarithmically spaced radio frequencies, ranging from 0.55 to 28.0 MHz. The phase delay of the sinusoidally varying photon output was measured by comparison with a calibrated, variable delay line to determine the radiative lifetimes. Five of the multiplets were found to exhibit cascading effects, and corrections for these effects were obtained by the application of a one-level cascade model. The measured lifetimes ranged from 1.0 to 9.9 nsec, with estimated accuracies of 0.4—1.0 nsec.
Extending the physician's reach: Physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and trauma technologists

Abstract Emergency departments (EDs) are facing dramatic increases in patient volumes; they are under increasing pressure to improve patient flow while maintaining good clinical outcomes and a customer service focus. The use of physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and trauma technologists can effectively extend the reach of the ED attending Patient satisfaction with these providers of care has been excellent. In the few studies in which clinical outcomes have been investigated, outcomes have been comparable with or better than those of physicians. The future will see an expanded role for nonphysicians in the ED setting and research that shows their clinical effectiveness, productivity, and cost-effectiveness.
Effect of acetazolamide on rate of CO2 uptake in the perfused rat brain.

Summary The accumulation of acid-labile CO2 was measured in the rat brain at early times after exposure to 30% CO2 in oxygen. In particular, the effect on CO2 accumulation of inhibiting brain carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide was studied. For 57 rats, a rat head perfusion technique was used which permits control and rapid alteration of arterial acid-base conditions. At a paCO2 of 35 mm Hg, total carbon dioxide of the whole brain remained at a normal mean value of13.4 ± 0.6 (S.E.) mM/kg during perfusions 20–160 min long. On 30% CO2, brain CO2 increased rapidly to a mean of 24 mM/kg at 5 min and then much more slowly. The latter curve agreed well with values obtained in intact animals. Pretreatment with acetazolamide had no inhibitory effect on CO2 accumulation at 1–5 min, At 5 min, control brain CO2 was23.9 ± 0.6 (n= 10) and acetazolamide-pretreated brain CO2 was24.4 ± 0.7 (n= 9). Terminal venous pCO2s were 164–180 and 167–172 mm Hg, respectively. Thirty-one unperfused rats were also investigated with similar results. Acetazolamide-pretreated rats had the same CO2 uptake as controls after 15 min exposure to CO2, rather than lower uptake as would be expected if carbonic anhydrase were rate-limiting. The results suggest the need for reinterpretation of some concepts about the role of carbonic anhydrase in CO2 accumulation in the brain.
Confirmation of germanium interference with hydrogen for prompt gamma-ray activation analysis

Abstract Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) is a very sensitive analytical technique for quantitative analysis of hydrogen. Due to the ubiquitous nature of hydrogen in the environment, PGAA hydrogen detection limits are largely a function of hydrogen counts created at points other than the sample rather than the actual detection sensitivity of the analytical method. Recent efforts at The University of Texas at Austin PGAA facility have focused on understanding the background hydrogen sources. During this investigation, it has become apparent that the 1 H prompt gamma-ray peak at 2223.25 keV has spectral interferences with germanium prompt gamma-ray lines. These spectral interferences should be present at some level at all PGAA facilities that utilize germanium detectors. Knowledge of this spectral interference is important for all PGAA analysis for hydrogen since it affects background or blank subtraction from sample measurements. It also affects detection limit calculations. The germanium interference with hydrogen was experimentally confirmed and is also supported by the latest database of prompt neutron-capture gamma-rays generated as part of an IAEA coordinated research program. This interference has not been previously mentioned in the literature and should be taken into consideration for all precise measurements of 1 H by PGAA.
Incorporation of deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates into DNA-like polydeoxyribonucleotides: experiments with an enzyme and toluene-treated cells from wild-type Escherichia coli.

An enzyme and toluene-treated cells from wild-type Escherichia coli catalyze the synthesis of DNA-like polydeoxyribonucleotides from deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates. Both homopolydeoxyribonucleotides and heteropolydeoxyribonucleotides are synthesized in the presence of four deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates. Polydeoxyadenylate, polydeoxycytidylate, polydeoxyguanylate or polydeoxythymidylate is synthesized from the corresponding deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate in the absence of the other three.
An effective method for fabrication of 3-D dielectric materials using polymer-ceramic composites

An effective method for fabrication of 3-D heterogeneous dielectric materials is presented. The proposed technique utilizes the inherent fluidity of polymer-ceramic materials, as well as the adjustable dielectric constant of such materials by controlling the loading fraction. A monocone antenna loaded with a hemisphere of dielectric material is presented to illustrate the fabrication process of 3-D non-planar devices by injecting the prepared polymer-ceramic materials into 3-D printed molds.