cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who Let the Dogs In: A Canine Trophoblast Invasion Model for Pre‐eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia affects 2-8% of pregnant women worldwide and is the third leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States, accounting for 20% of maternal deaths, for which the only known cure is delivery of the placenta. It is known that pre-eclampsia results from defects within the trophoblast invasion of the endometrium and myometrium. At a morphological level within the pre-eclamptic human placenta, trophoblast invasion is shallow, and this results in hypoperfusion, which is a life-threatening condition for both the mother and the foetus. Pre-eclampsia has been intensively investigated for over 50 years, and yet the causes are largely unknown. Despite a large body of data, it is still unknown exactly which mechanisms regulate trophoblast invasion. An effective animal model may be crucial to understanding the underlying causes of pre-eclampsia. A canine model is a proposed improvement on the current efforts to investigate disorders of shallow trophoblast invasion throughout gestation and to improve understanding of the factors that regulate trophoblast invasion. The objectives of this research were to elucidate and compare cellular and molecular similarities between normal canine trophoblasts with those from recently published reports on pre-eclampsia in women.
Weight bias and weight loss treatment outcomes in treatment-seeking adults.

Background Few studies have explored the relationship between weight bias and weight loss treatment outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM1

THE ROLE of the adrenal cortex in promoting the formation of carbohydrate from protein sources has been demonstrated in experimental animals (1). Recently it has also been shown that adrenal cortical hormone therapy had a striking effect in regulating carbohydrate utilization as well as in facilitating gluconeogenesis in patients with Addison's disease (2). The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the increase in carbohydrate utilization and the decrease in gluconeogenesis which has been observed in adrenal cortical insufficiency. It appeared possible that an inability to form glucose from intermediate products of carbohydrate catabolism as well as from protein catabolism could account for many of the abnormalities. In the present report the ability of adrenalectomized animals (phlorrhizin or insulin treated) to form glucose following the administration of potentially glycogenic substances has been studied. The comparative effectiveness of treatment with several adrenal cor...
Accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in multiple pregnancies

Our objective was to assess the accuracy of ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight in twins and triplets as compared to singleton pregnancies. Retrospective analysis was undertaken of ultrasound data of all fetuses who underwent an examination within 1 week of delivery (singletons 1832, twins 518, triplets 51). At birth weights below 2500 g, there was a significant overestimation of fetal weight in twins as compared to singletons, but the accuracy of the estimate was the same, except in twins between 1500 and 2499 g, when the weight was based on abdominal circumference and femur length alone. At birth weights of more than 2500 g, no difference was detected between twins and singletons. At all birth weights below 2500 g, the accuracy of weight estimation in triplets was equal to that in singletons and there were no triplets above this weight. We conclude that ultrasonographic estimation of fetal weight is as accurate in twins and triplets as it is in singletons. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Superconductivity in the high-Tc Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system - Phase identification

Four phases are observed in superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O samples. The superconducting phase, with onset temperature near 120 K, is a 15.4-A-layered compound with composition near Bi2Ca1Sr2Cu2O9 and an A-centered orthorhombic unit subcell 5.41 x 5.44 x 30.78 A. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy data are consistent with a structure of alternating perovskite and Bi2O2 layers. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal a b-axis superstructure of 27.2 A, numerous (001) stacking faults, and other defects.
H2 emissions from the outer planets

Calculations of the H2 electronic band spectrum produced by fluorescence scattering of solar radiation are presented and compared with observations of the ultraviolet spectrum of Jupiter. The calculations demonstrate that the observed spectra are consistent with the suggestion by Yelle et al. (1987) that the bright H2 day-glow of the outer planets is due predominantly to fluorescence of solar radiation. The calculations also demonstrate that large differences between solar scattered and electron excited spectra are evident at high spectral resolution. This fact may be used to observationally determine the relative importance of the two excitation mechanisms.
Some Motivational Correlates of Lipreading

This study investigated the relationship between lipreading and three personality variables: (1) locus of control, (2) evaluative style, and (3) incentive orientation. Forty-eight fifth and sixth g...
Utilizing educational lean to enhance the information technology project intake process

Winona State University utilized the Lean principles of process improvement (five high-level values principles to eliminate wasteful steps within a process) to enhance the project intake process for IT. Prior to 2009, Winona State's IT Department struggled with the successful completion of projects and decided to take a unique approach to resolving the issue. This approach allowed a core team of individuals to spend a focused amount of time documenting and discussing the current process, researching best practices, and brain storming ideas for a new and improved process. At the end of the four-day Kaizen event, a new process was proposed and presented to a larger group of stakeholders for feedback and approval. After multiple revisions to the initial proposal, the new process was implemented in August of 2009.The process that now currently exists for IT project requests is documented on Winona State's website, http://www.winona.edu/it/itsprojects.asp. It allows for project owners and community members to make their requests online and includes automated communication back to them notifying them as to the status of their request. An IT project team reviews requests on a weekly basis, approves, denies or defers the requests, and assigns a project lead to communicate back with the requester. All approved, deferred and completed projects are tracked and displayed to campus via a project dashboard.The new process centralizes the documentation of all project requests and their statuses. This allows for more thorough research of requests to ensure alignment with the Campus Technology Master Plan. It promotes better communication between the IT units and allows for realistic expectations to be set to the WSU community. The return on investment has been great as we've shown an increase in the number of significant IT projects completed, as well as an increase in customer and stakeholder satisfaction.
EVIDENCE FOR POLOIDAL ASYMMETRY OF CORE ELECTRON TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE TEXAS EXPERIMENTAL TOKAMAK

Electron temperature fluctuations are measured in the core of a tokamak plasma across the poloidal cross section. There is a strong poloidal asymmetry; the fluctuation amplitude peaks off the equatorial plane in four ``lobes'' symmetric about the equatorial plane on both the high- and low-field sides. At the plasma top the fluctuation amplitude decreases by over 2 orders of magnitude from its peak value. On the high-field-side equatorial plane the fluctuations also show a sharp reduction in amplitude.
Evidence-Based Decision Making for Transportation Asset Management: Enhancing the Practice with Quality Evidence and Systematic Documentation

Recent emphasis on performance-based approaches, reflected, for example, in the mandates of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, provides opportunities for more rigorous approaches to collecting and using "evidence" in transportation asset management (TAM). A strong evidence-based approach was founded on well-documented studies demonstrating failure or success following the implementation of an intervention. This study explored the use of evidence in TAM and performance-based decision making. The study's methodology included a review of evidence-based approaches from various fields, an "evidence exchange" between transportation practitioners, and case studies providing examples of evidence in TAM. The study identified attributes of evidence-based approaches that could lend themselves to enhancing AASHTO's existing framework for TAM program advancement and asset management decision making. These attributes were used to (a) develop a formal hierarchy of evidence to be used in evidence-base...
“Palestine Sits in Sackcloth and Ashes”: Reading Mark Twain’s The Innocents Abroad as a Protestant Holy Land Narrative

Among the vast array of priceless treasures in the collection of Jerusalem’s Armenian Patriarchate is a votive portrait of a local Jerusalem saint, the priest Hanna, a native son of Jerusalem’s Armenian community. The existence of the portrait is all but unknown, despite the fact that its subject has inspired generations of Jerusalem monks to dedicate their lives to the service of the Sts. James. As vicar to Jerusalem’s Patriarch Grigor IV Shirvants‘i (Shght‘ayakir) Hanna was instrumental in reviving the fortunes of the Jerusalem Patriarchate, which, in the early eighteenth century, had suffered a near-total eclipse. Although Hanna died before the age of forty, the many activities of his short career included such major achievements as the renovation of the Armenian sections of the Holy Sepulchre Church and the transformation of the Patriarchate compound into a fully enclosed and self-sufficient enclave.
Transmission of the Trypanosomatid Flagellate Phytomonas davidi, a Symbiont of the Euphorbiaceae, by the Hemipteran Bug Pachybrachius bilobata scutellatus1

. Phytomonas davidi is found in the latex of species of the plant family Euphorbiaceae, including Chamaesyce hirta and C. hyssopifolia, to latitude 32°N in the southeastern United States. The hemipteran Pachybrachius bilobata scutellatus (family Lygaeidae) serves as an agent of transmission from plant to plant. Heavy infections of flagellates in the salivary glands were observed; trypanosomatids were less than one-half the size seen in the plants and in the gut of the bug.
Purification of Red Cell Enzymes by Treatment with n-Butanol and Chloroform

Abstract Treatment of packed human red cells with 15% n-butanol and 6% CHCl3 at 5°C denatured 99% of the proteins absorbing at 410 nm. Seven of the twelve red cell enzymes studied were recovered in good yield and with high specific activity.
The Strange Case of c 2 = 0: What Does It Imply for Views of Human Development?

A large body of evidence from behavior genetic designs (twins, adoptions, etc.) leads to a somewhat surprising conclusion: For many important behavioral traits in adulthood, c 2, the effect on siblings of having shared a family environment as children, is close to zero. The value of c 2 assessed early in life while the siblings are still sharing the family environment is, however, appreciable. Such findings raise the question of whether factors such as the imitation of parents or sharing childhood peers have lasting effects on personality and abilities. I discuss some exceptions to the generalization c 2 = 0, and I offer advice on research strategies to clarify matters further.
Respiration and drowning in overwintering pupae of Heliothis zea (Boddie).

Respiration rates and drowning times after complete submergence were observed in diapausing Heliothis zea (Boddie) pupae at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 27°C. Respiration rate in pupae 2.5–12 weeks in diapause increased as an exponential function of temperature. The respiration rate of post-diapause pupae at 27°C increased over 10-fold in an approximately linear fashion during 12 days of pharate adult development. Time to 50% drowning in diapausing pupae decreased with increasing temperature, varying from 22.9 to 4.1 days at 5 and 27°C, respectively. Drowning rates in these pupae increased approximately exponentially with temperature. Diapausing and post-diapause pupae at 27°C had similar times to 50% drowning. An empirical model of drowning fitted the results well at all five temperatures, but a mechanistic model based on respiration predicted drowning considerably before it was observed. When the latter model was modified to allow withdrawal of dissolved oxygen from the water, it predicted longer survival periods, as observed. Our evidence suggests that respiration and drowning rates are closely correlated. Given the long survival times under complete submergence at 5–20°C, we speculate that pupae overwintering in the field in deep diapause are relatively resistant to drowning, whereas pre- and post-diapause pupae, with higher respiration rates, are at much greater risk.
Ribozyme Cleavage Reveals Connections between mRNA Release from the Site of Transcription and Pre-mRNA Processing

We report a functional connection between splicing and transcript release from the DNA. A Pol II CTD mutant inhibited not only splicing but also RNA release from the site of transcription. A ribozyme situated downstream of the gene restored accurate splicing inhibited by the CTD mutant or a mutant poly(A) site, suggesting that cleavage liberates RNA from a niche that is inaccessible to splicing factors. Although ribozyme cleavage enhanced splicing, 3' end processing was impaired, indicating that an intact RNA chain linking the poly(A) site to Pol II is required for optimal processing. Surprisingly, poly(A)(-) beta-globin mRNA with a ribozyme-generated 3' end was exported to the cytoplasm. Ribozyme cleavage can therefore substitute for normal 3' end processing in stimulating splicing and mRNA export. We propose that mRNA biogenesis is coordinated by preventing splicing near the 3' end until the transcript is released by poly(A) site cleavage.
Ultrastructural study of the histogenesis of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

This electronmicroscope study of the histogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is based on 15 cases from the major and minor salivary glands. Six major cell types were identified: undifferentiated (cuboid) stem cells, intermediate (columnar) cells, serous/mucoid secretory cells, mucus-producing goblet cells, squamous/epidermoid cells and myoepithelium. It is proposed that undifferentiated stem cells serve as pluripotential reserves which give rise to the various cell types seen in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Reserve cells in the acinar-intercalated duct components of the salivary glands appeared to give rise to the serous/mucoid and myoepithelial cell populations of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Reserve cells in the proximal ducts system (intra/extralobular striated ducts and excretory ducts) differentiated into myoepithelium, intermediate (columnar) cells, squamous/epidermoid and mucus-producing goblet cell lines. It is proposed that neoplastic reserve cells give rise to different tumor types in the salivary glands. These types result from varying admixtures and arrangements of tumor cells at different stages of their structural and functional cytodifferentiation from reserve cells. It is further proposed that neoplastic reserve cells differentiate along similar cell lines as the embryonic "stem cells" in the development of normal salivary glands.
Cellular Automata Model of Membrane Permeability

Abstract A cellular automata model of a semi-permeable membrane has been created separating two compartments of water. Several cells encrypting the properties of a polar solute are located near the membrane surface in one compartment. These solute cells influence the preferential diffusion of water cells from the other compartment to enter the membrane. This simulation of the osmotic effect is found to increase with the concentration of solute cells. In another study, the lipophilicity of the solute cells is varied and their diffusion into and through the semipermeable membrane is observed. The diffusion increases with increasing lipophilicity up to a certain value, followed by a sharp decline in the membrane passage of the solute. At this point, the concentration of solute within the membrane increases dramatically with modest increases in the lipophilicity of the solute. At this same critical value of lipophilicity, there is a notable decrease in the flux of water passing through the membrane in either direction. The simulation portrays the possibility of dramatic changes in membrane permeability to water and to some solutes when very minor changes are made in molecular structure influencing some physical properties.
Regional left ventricular wall thickness and systolic function during the first year after index anterior wall myocardial infarction: Serial effects of ventricular remodeling

There is controversy regarding changes in regional left ventricular systolic function and thickness during remodeling after infarction. To address this, electron beam computed tomography was done in 22 patients with an index anterior wall infarction at discharge, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year, and global ventricular chamber volumes and mass quantified. A mid-ventricular short-axis scan from each study was divided into 4, 90 degrees sectors (anterior, septal, lateral and posterior walls). Regional wall thickness, ejection fraction, and absolute and percent wall thickening were determined and compared with 10 normal adults. Global infarct size was estimated at 24.2%+/- 3.4% of the ventricle. In these subjects, the ventricular chamber enlarged steadily during the year, while global ventricular mass initially decreased during the first 6 weeks, but then increased by 1 year. Regional ejection fraction changed little during the year, apart from the lateral wall, which was less than normal. Absolute wall thickening was reduced in the anterior (infarct) and septal walls throughout the year, but was normal and unchanged in the posterior and lateral walls. Regional percent wall thickening was not different from normal individuals. The anterior wall was thinned at discharge and tended to thin further during the year. The lateral wall was thinner than normal 6 weeks after infarction, but remained unchanged thereafter. The posterior wall tended to thin for the first 6 months, but the values at any time were not above normal. There was little change in septal wall thickness throughout the year. It is concluded that, after a moderate size, uncomplicated index anterior infarction, regional systolic function remains generally unaffected by remodeling. However, regional walls tend to thin and/or remain at normal thickness. These data confirm differential regional patterns after anterior infarction for systolic function, muscle atrophy and/or minimal hypertrophy which accompany serial changes in global ventricular chamber volumes and mass.
Gallium Arsenide Infrared Windows For High-Speed Airborne Applications

Large (7- by 16-inch) plates of semi-insulating gallium arsenide suitable for use as external infrared transmitting windows were grown using a unique compounding process. The plates were grown in an open tube system, the gallium arsenide being solidified from a stoichiometric melt. Detailed growth conditions are discussed. The optical and physical properties of this material are compared with other candidate infrared (IR) optical materials. In addition, some results of captive flight tests comparing gallium arsenide with germanium are given.
WIDE-FIELD WEAK LENSING BY RX J1347 - 1145

We present an analysis of weak-lensing observations for RX J1347-1145 over a 43' × 43' field taken in B and R filters on the Blanco 4 m telescope at CTIO. RX J1347-1145 is a massive cluster at redshift z = 0.45. Using a population of galaxies with 20 < R < 26, we detect a weak-lensing signal at the p < 0.0005 level, finding best-fit parameters of σv = 1400 km s-1 for a singular isothermal sphere model and r200 = 3.5 Mpc with c = 15 for an NFW model in an Ωm = 0.3, ΩΛ = 0.7 cosmology. In addition, a mass-to-light ratio M/LR = 90 ± 20 M☉/LR☉ was determined. These values are consistent with the previous weak-lensing study of RX J1347-1145 by Fischer & Tyson, giving strong evidence that systemic bias was not introduced by the relatively small field of view in that study. Our best-fit parameter values are also consistent with recent X-ray studies by Allen et al. and Ettori et al. but are not consistent with recent optical velocity dispersion measurements by Cohen & Kneib.
Isotopic substitution effects on acetic acid photofragmentation dynamics

Abstract The internal and translational energy distributions of the OD X 2 Π photofragment resulting from the 218 nm photolysis of acetic acid- d are presented. Comparison of these results with those of acetic acid- h photolysis reveals the effects of isotopic substitution on the α-cleavage photodynamics of 1 (n, π ∗ )-excited acetic acid. The OD product contains only approximately 17% more rotational energy than the corresponding OH fragment, and the OD translational energy distributions broaden with increasing fragment rotational level. A pure impulsive model for the dissociation dynamics is inadequate to explain these results. Interpretations which also include contributions from excited state bending motions may be more realistic.
The Relationship Between Learning Disability and Juvenile Delinquency

ABSTRACT Juvenile crime has continued to rise. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) indicate that children and youth under the age of 18 comprise approximately 36% of those arrested for all indexes of crime. Much controversy exists relevant to a possible link between juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities. The observation that many delinquent children encounter learning disability problems resulted in the conjecture that learning disabilities may lead to juvenile delinquency. Establishing the relationship between juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities has been difficult. This may have resulted from the ambiguity associated with the definitions, causes, and characteristics involving juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities. This paper discusses research facts/findings relative to the link between learning disability and juvenile delinquency and provides a model for additional research to prove this relationship.
Cosmic Rays of Extreme Energies

Abstract The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is a challenging mystery defying decades of observations. The sources of these extremely energetic particles should be among the most powerful extragalactic sources. Extremely energetic cosmic rays (EECRs) reach interaction energies orders of magnitude beyond the LHC probing the frontiers of particle physics. Possible explanations for their origin have narrowed down with the confirmation of a GZK-like spectral feature. Hints of anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions raise hopes for observing source images directly, however, composition measurements reported by Auger suggest a surprising interpretation. A clear resolution of this mystery calls for much larger statistics at extremely high energies beyond the reach of current observatories. A future space program can achieve several orders of magnitude in additional exposure to EECRs. The first step in such a program is the Extreme Universe Space Observatory at the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO). JEM-EUSO is a large field of view ultraviolet telescope to be deployed at the International Space Station. JEM-EUSO can increase the annual exposure to EECRs by an order of magnitude.
Effect of ultra-high-temperature steam injection processing on sulfur-containing amino acids in milk.

Raw skim milk was processed by a modified No-Bac Unitherm IV System (Cherry-Burrell Corp.) at 143 C for 8 s, vacuum cooled to 71 C, collected, and cooled to 4 C. Raw and ultra-high-temperature processed skim milks were oxidized with performic acid, hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, and analyzed for cysteine and cystine (as cysteic acid) and methionine (as methionine sulfone) on a Beckman Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer. A loss of approximately 34% of these amino acids was observed in ultra-high-temperature processed skim milk. Sulfhydryl and disulfide groups determined with Ellman's reagent [5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)] indicated no free sulfhydryls in raw skim milk and .07 mmole per liter in ultra-high-temperature processed skim milk. Loss in total sulfhydryl and disulfide groups was approximately 16% in ultra-high-temperature processed milk. Volatile sulfur compounds were detected by odor in the vapor collected from the vacuum chamber, but they could not be identified. Amino acid analysis of milk deposit collected from the injection section revealed .09 microgram of cysteine and cystine (as cysteic acid) per gram of deposit and no detectable methionine.
Quantum Crystals in the Single-Particle Picture

A low-temperature formalism for quantum crystals based on the localized-single-particle picture is presented. A proposed transcription to a quasiparticle space provides the basis for an easily accessible thermal analysis. It also yields correlation and lifetime information. The excitations are shown to be the same as Werthamer's. The effect of wave-function overlap and its impact on magnetism are also discussed. Lastly, the defect crystal is examined.
Immigration, Culture, and Child Labor in the United States, 1880-1920

Alarmed by child labor in factories and mills, Progressive-era reformers criticized immigrants and immigrant cultures for sanctioning exploitation of their young. Neither qualitative nor quantitative appraisals find much evidence that ethnicity had any important effect on the likelihood that a child would work. Relative and absolute poverty were more important influences. Under all conditions, black children were much more likely to work. The use of children as workers, customary in all rural societies including that of the American family farm, reappeared in industrial settings and then quickly declined. Higher male earnings, technological shifts, and changes in law and culture compelled children to become students instead of wage earners.
Simulation of cellular compaction and internalization in mammalian embryo development—II. Models for spherical embryos

A model based upon minimization of surface energy as an explanation for the phenomena of compaction and internalization of cells during mammalian embryo development is generalized for three-dimensional cells. It is shown that, for a spherical embryo, if cells are assumed to be polygonal cones in shape, the simulation of these phenomena for three-dimensional cells is equivalent to simulations of deformations of two-dimensional cells on the surface of a sphere. This equivalence is used to show that in the optimal compacted structure, with no internal cells, the cross-sections of cells in general are not regular polyhedra. Further, the internalization occurs when the number of cells exceeds a critical value which seems to depend on the relative sizes and biophysical properties of cells.
Sotalol: Current Status and Expanding Indications

BACKGROUND: The role of antiarrhythmic drug therapy continues to undergo major changes. The change is necessitated by the advent of invasive interventional procedures, such as catheter ablation of arrhythmias and the use of implantable devices for sensing and terminating life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and symptomatically traublesome supraventricular arrhythmias. Many conventional and time-honored drugs, such as sodium channel blockers, have been found either to be ineffective or to have the potential to produce serious proarrhythmic reactions. Attention is therefore focused on compounds that prolong repolarization and reduce sympathetic stimulation. Two compounds, amiodarone and sotalol, have emerged as prototypes of drugs of the future. METHODS AND RESULTS: This review focuses on sotalol for controlling supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Sotalol is a major antiarrhythmic agent that combines potent class III action with nonselective beta-blocking properties. The drug's pharmacokinetics is simple. Its elimination half-life is 10-15 hours, the drug being excreted almost exclusively by the kidneys. Sotalol's pharmacokinetics allows development of optimal dosing for initiation of therapy relative to changes in creatinine clearance with further dose adjustment by monitoring the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram. The compound exerts broad-spectrum antiarrhythmic actions in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. It prevents inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in approximately 30% of patients with a higher figure for the suppression of spontaneously occurring arrhythmias documented on Holter recordings. CONCLUSIONS: The major role of sotalol is in the management of VT/VF often in conjunction with an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator, in which context it lowere the defibrillation threshold. Sotalol is superior to class I agents, especially in VT/VF and in survivors of cardiac arrest. Sotalol has emerged as a major antifibrillatory compound for the control of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias as the main indication. Data have indicated its potential for the maintenance of stability of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter after electrical conversion and in preventing their occurrence in a variety of clinical settings.
The crystal and molecular structure of (C6H5s)3AsFe(S2C2{CF32})2, a monomeric, five-coordinate dithiolene complex of iron

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound shows it to be monomeric in the solid state. The central iron atom has a square-pyramidal coordination geometry defined by the two perfluoromethyldithiolene methyldithiolene ligands and the As atom of the axial (C 6 H 5 ) 3 As group. The crystals are triclinic with a = 12.537(7), b = 12.805(4), c = 10.436(7) A, α = 96.67(4), β =92.30(2), γ = 11.21(6)°, ϱ o = 1.79(2), ϱ c = 1.82 gm cm 3 and z = 2. Least squares refinement of the positional and anisotropic thermal parameters yield final discrepancy factors of R 1 (F) = 0.047 and R 2 (F) = 0.059 for the 3703 structure factors with F 2 o ⩾ 3σ(F 2 o . The bonding parameters of the S-C-C-S fragment of the perfluoromethyldithiolene are closer to a dithioketone than a dithiol. The iron atom is not in the plane of the four sulfurs; instead, it is displaced 0.23 A from the basal plane. The Fe-S bonds are short and range in length from 2.145(2) to 2.154(2) A. The C-S bond lengths have an average value of 1.702 A which is significantly shorter than those found for maleonitriledithiol complexes. The Fe-As distance of 2.325(2) A is a little longer than the ones found for iron-arsine complexes of olefins. Short As-S intramolecular contacts were found in this molecule.
Experimental assessment of low‐aspect‐ratio, reinforced concrete shear wall stiffness

Low-aspect-ratio, reinforced concrete shear walls are the primary lateral-load-carrying element in many structures designed for protective purposes. A review of the technical literature shows that considerable uncertainty exists regarding the elastic stiffness these structures will exhibit during seismic excitation. Because of this uncertainty, current design practice often employs a stiffness reduction factor. In an attempt to develop accurate information regarding the stiffness of these structures, 13 shear wall elements were tested statically; dynamically, with simulated seismic base excitations on a shake table; and with experimental modal analysis procedures. Results of these tests show that the shear wall's stiffness can be accurately estimated with a mechanics-of-materials analysis that accounts for shear deformation
Effects of Acute Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol on microRNA Expression are Ameliorated by Social Enrichment.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are associated with abnormal social behavior. These behavioral changes may resemble those seen in autism. Rats acutely exposed to ethanol on gestational day 12 show decreased social motivation at postnatal day 42. We previously showed that housing these ethanol-exposed rats with non-exposed controls normalized this deficit. The amygdala is critical for social behavior and regulates it, in part, through connections with the basal ganglia, particularly the ventral striatum. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, hairpin-derived RNAs that repress mRNA expression. Many brain disorders, including FASD, show dysregulation of miRNAs. In this study, we tested if miRNA and mRNA networks are altered in the amygdala and ventral striatum as a consequence of prenatal ethanol exposure and show any evidence of reversal as a result of Social Enrichment. RNA samples from two different brain regions in 72 male and female adolescent rats were analyzed by RNA-Seq and microarray analysis. Several miRNAs showed significant changes due to prenatal ethanol exposure and/or Social Enrichment in one or both brain regions. The top predicted gene targets of these miRNAs were mapped and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. Several miRNA changes caused by ethanol were reversed by Social Enrichment, including mir-204, mir-299a, miR-384-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-301b-3p and mir-6239. Moreover, enriched gene networks incorporating the targets of these miRNAs also showed reversal. We also extended our previously published mRNA expression analysis by directly examining all annotated brain-related canonical pathways. The additional pathways that were most strongly affected at the mRNA level included p53, CREB, Glutamate and GABA signaling. Together, our data suggest a number of novel epigenetic mechanisms for Social Enrichment to reverse the effects of ethanol exposure through widespread influences on gene expression.
General attributes of safe organisations

In analysing the safety strategies of organisations successfully managing hazardous systems it is apparent that safety itself is a problematic, and even risky, concept. It is less the valuation of safety per se than the disvalue surrounding mis-specification, misidentification, and misunderstanding that drives reliability in these organisations. Two contrasting models of high reliability can be identified in precluded event and resilience focused organisations. Each model is adapted to different properties in the raw material, process variances, and knowledge base of the organisation. These two models bound the reliability approaches available to medicine. The implications of each for medical reliability strategy are explored, and the possible adaptation of features from each for medical organisations are assessed.
Analytic Treatment for (2+1)-Dimensional Kortweg-de Vries-Like and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Like Equations

In this work we present a reliable treatment for two (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-like and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like equations. The Hirota bilinear method will be used to show that these two equations are not completely integrable equations. Unlike the completely integrable Korteweg-de Vries and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations, where multiple soliton solutions exist, only one-soliton and two-soliton solutions can be derived for each of the Korteweg-de Vries-like and KadomtsevPetviashvili-like equations.
Corporate Responsibility and Punishment

Corporate wrongdoing abounds, whether it is the Union Carbide (now Dow Chemical) disaster in Bhopal, India which killed thousands of people and harmed thousands of others, the ruination of the Amazon rainforest by global corporate, political and other interests, the Exxon oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, or the massive oil outflow in the Gulf of Mexico due to a British Petroleum offshore oil platform explosion which adversely effected that region as well as the economic viability of local companies (and workers) the successes of which (and whom) are contingent on the condition of those environments. Just who and/or what is responsible (liable) for these and other untoward events or states of affairs of similar magnitude, demanding that those guilty of and most responsible for such wrongs be punished?
Does a Preschool Social and Emotional Learning Intervention Pay Off for Classroom Instruction and Children's Behavior and Academic Skills? Evidence From the Foundations of Learning Project

This article tests the hypothesis that children's learning environment will improve through a social and emotional learning (SEL) intervention that provides preschool teachers with new skills to manage children's disruptive behavior by reporting results from the Foundations of Learning (FOL) Demonstration, a place-randomized, experimental evaluation conducted by MDRC. Research Findings: Findings demonstrate that the FOL intervention improved teachers' ability to address children's behavior problems and to provide a positive emotional climate in their classrooms. Importantly, the FOL intervention also improved the number of minutes of instructional time, although the quality of teachers' instruction was not improved. Finally, FOL benefited children's observed behavior in classrooms, with lower levels of conflictual interactions and, at the trend level, higher levels of engagement in classrooms activities, relative to similar students randomly assigned to control classrooms. Practice or Policy: This study is one of an emerging body of research on the efficacy of SEL programs for preschool children living in poverty. Understanding the value-added of these programs (e.g., in increased instructional time and increased classroom engagement) as well as their limitations (e.g., in teachers' instructional quality and children's academic skills) will help us design the next set of more effective interventions for low-income children.
Sexual Harassment: Identifying it in Dentistry

Dr. Weinstein illustrates the fine line between familiarity and harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment can be a difficult problem to identify in the workplace. Scenarios are used to help define and identify harassment. Discussion also includes explanations of why sexual harassment is unethical and illegal.
List-decoding reed-muller codes over small fields

We present the first local list-decoding algorithm for the rth order Reed-Muller code RM(2,m) over F for r ≥ 2. Given an oracle for a received word R: Fm --r - e) from R for any e r,e-r). The list size could be exponential in m at radius 2-r, so our bound is optimal in the local setting. Since RM(2,m) has relative distance 2-r, our algorithm beats the Johnson bound for r ≥ 2. In the setting where we are allowed running-time polynomial in the block-length, we show that list-decoding is possible up to even larger radii, beyond the minimum distance. We give a deterministic list-decoder that works at error rate below J(21-r), where J(δ) denotes the Johnson radius for minimum distance δ. This shows that RM(2,m) codes are list-decodable up to radius η for any constant η q, we present list-decoding algorithms in both the global and local settings that work up to the list-decoding radius. We conjecture that the list-decoding radius approaches the minimum distance (like over F), and prove this holds true when the degree is divisible by q-1.
Combined modulation/parity codes for magnetic recording

Inner coding schemes for magnetic recording that cascade a modulation encoder with a parity-check encoder followed by a precoder are considered. A set of desired parity-check equations that are satisfied by the combined modulation/parity code words at the output of the precoder is transformed into a set of parity-check equations at the input of the precoder. Efficient combination of a maximum transition run (MTR) code with a parity-check code is demonstrated by constructing a rate-96/104 combined MTR/parity code that largely retains the properties of the original MTR code.
Pulse shaping strategies for nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging optimized for biomolecular imaging

Nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging (NIVI) measures the temporal cross-correlation of anti-Stokes radiation from coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) processes to achieve increased sensitivity, stray light rejection, and nonresonant background rejection. Because the intensity of CARS radiation is proportional to the square of the molecular density of a target resonance, it is critical to maximize the recoverable signal for a given illumination level. Especially if one desires to measure several resonances, there can be a sensitivity as well as a speed advantage to measuring them simultaneously rather than serially. We discuss the methods of sample excitation that NIVI allows and their potential sensitivity advantages, as well as present experimental results demonstrating Raman signal recovery using these pulse sequences.
PLL and injection locked PLL (ILPLL) operations of a push-pull self oscillating mixer (SOM)

This paper presents the experimental results of a push-pull Self-Oscillating Mixer (SOM) tunable in a range of 421-463 MHz operating in PLL and Injection Locked PLL (ILPLL) regimes. By careful selection of the oscillator feedback resistor, an excellent down-conversion gain of up to 24.3 dB is observed. As a result, for the first time, the phase detection is performed as part of the SOM without the need for an external phase detector and gain stages. Issues such as tuning voltage-frequency variation, SOM phase-frequency variation, tracking range, pull in range, phase noise, and SOM phase controllability are discussed in the paper.
A Multivariate Analysis of the Correlates of Drinking-Related Problems in a Community Study

Four sociological and three psychological variables, adapted from the theories of Merton, Cloward and Ohlin, and Rotter regarding deviant behavior, were combined in this multivariate analysis of drinking-related problems. Significant (.05 level) associations were found between alcohol-related problems and five of the seven independent variables: when all seven variables were used in combination, 72 percent of those with highest-risk scores, and only 12 percent of those with lowest-risk scores, were found to have drinking-related problems. The paper discusses some implications of these multivariate procedures for future studies of delinquency and deviancy.
Glycosylation Regulates Prestin Cellular Activity

Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of proteins and is implicated in a variety of cellular functions including protein folding, degradation, sorting and trafficking, and membrane protein recycling. The membrane protein prestin is an essential component of the membrane-based motor driving electromotility changes (electromotility) in the outer hair cell (OHC), a central process in auditory transduction. Prestin was earlier identified to possess two N-glycosylation sites (N163, N166) that, when mutated, marginally affect prestin nonlinear capacitance (NLC) function in cultured cells. Here, we show that the double mutant prestin NN163/166AA is not glycosylated and shows the expected NLC properties in the untreated and cholesterol-depleted HEK 293 cell model. In addition, unlike WT prestin that readily forms oligomers, prestin NN163/166AA is enriched as monomers and more mobile in the plasma membrane, suggesting that oligomerization of prestin is dependent on glycosylation but is not essential for the generation of NLC in HEK 293 cells. However, in the presence of increased membrane cholesterol, unlike the hyperpolarizing shift in NLC seen with WT prestin, cells expressing prestin NN163/166AA exhibit a linear capacitance function. In an attempt to explain this finding, we discovered that both WT prestin and prestin NN163/166AA participateincholesterol-dependentcellulartrafficking. In contrast to WT prestin, prestin NN163/166AA shows a significant cholesterol-dependent decrease in cellsurface expression, which may explain the loss of NLC function. Based on our observations, we conclude that glycosylation regulates self-association and cellular trafficking of prestin NN163/166AA . These observations are the first to implicate a regulatory role for cellular trafficking and sorting in prestin function. We speculate that the cholesterol regulation of prestin occurs through localization to and internalization from membrane microdomains by clathrin- and caveolin-dependent mechanisms.
Ultrastructure of Fusarium-induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Chickens: A Sequential Study

Female broiler chicks were randomly placed into two groups; one was treated twice daily with TDP-1 (a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium roseum), the other was controls. Chicks were sacrificed after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 days of treatment and were evaluated for tibial dyschondroplasia. TDP-1-treated chicks examined after 2, 4, or 6 days of treatment had either no gross lesions (2 days) or mild gross lesions (4 and 6 days); growth plates from these groups did not have ultrastructural changes. TDP-1-treated chicks examined after 8, 10, or 12 days of treatment had moderate to severe gross lesions of tibial dyschondroplasia. These groups also had intracellular lipid accumulation and necrosis of chondrocytes within the retained cartilage. It was concluded that the cellular changes in tibial dyschondroplasia develop only after the cartilage accumulates; the changes are sequelae, possibly due to nutrient depletion from an increased distance between chondrocytes and perforating epiphyseal vessels, their nutrient source.
ERCP-related perforations in the new millennium: A large tertiary referral center 10-year experience

IntroductionEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important diagnostic and therapeutic modality for pancreatic and biliary disorders. Perforation is one of the most dreaded co...
Second-harmonic wave diffraction at large depths

An approximation of the second-order diffraction potential is derived, for water waves of small amplitude incident upon a fixed body in a fluid of large depth. Attention is focused on the second-harmonic component of this potential, in terms of the fundamental incident-wave frequency, and on the particular solution of the inhomogeneous free-surface boundary condition with quadratic forcing by the first-order solution. By considering only the far-field approximation of the forcing function, a simple solution is derived in the near field of the body which is dominant when the submergence of the field point is large. The validity of this approach is confirmed by comparisons with two-dimensional experiments and three-dimensional computations.
Design of a Low-Power Micromachined Fluxgate Sensor Using Localized Core Saturation Method

Design of a low-power micromachined ring-type flux- gate sensor with localized saturation cores has been made and optimized in this work. The design is accomplished by using the electromagnetic simulation software, MagnetTM, which is capable of establishing a quantitative connection between the sensor parameters and the geometrical parameters of the model. Using recently developed data extraction techniques, the design with low power (19 mW) and high sensitivity (590 V/T at 60 muT) can be achieved after a series of simulations. For comparison, an actual device has been fabricated with sensitivity of 650 V/T at 60 muT, power consumption of 14 mW. The good agreement between the simulation and the experimental results validate our new approach for the design of low-power fluxgate. In addition, measurements using a second-harmonics-based detection circuit have been performed so that the noise, stability, and perming effect of the fabricated device are explored.
A New Game in the North: Alaska Native Reindeer Herding, 1890–1940

In the early 1890s, the missionary Sheldon Jackson brought domesticated reindeer to Alaska for the ostensible benefit of northern Native communities. What started as a small government program to feed and civilize the Natives, however, soon became a large industry controlled by the Lomens, a powerful gold rush family who sought to make reindeer herding the answer to Alaska's undeveloped economy.