cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of selected cobalt-60 complexes as tracers of groundwater

A series of Co-60 compounds, considered as potentially useful tracers of groundwater movement, were prepared and evaluated in soil column and batch studies. The compounds were: potassium hexacyanocobaltate (III), K3Co(CN)6; potassium ethylenediamminetetraacetato-cobaltate (III), KCo(EDTA); ammonium 12-tungstodicobaltoate (III), (NH4)8[Co(II)Co(II)W12O42] · 20 H2O; chloraquotetrammine cobalt (III) chloride, [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2; and sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III), Na3Co(NO2)6. The performance of K3 60Co(CN)6 and K 60Co EDTA were dependent on their environment and more especially on the type and amount of clay present. The EDTA cobalt complex cannot be used in soils that are basic or where a large fraction of the clay is saturated with Na+ and/or Ca++. Of the other radioactive tracers tested, none were suitable for groundwater tracing because of instability in aqueous solution (Na3Co(NO2)6), variable anionic structure under acid conditions ((NH3)8[Co(II)Co(II)W12O42] · 20 H2O), or preferential uptake by the clay fraction ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2).
Protein fatty acid acylation in developing cortical neurons.

Neuron-enriched cultures derived from embryonic day 17 rat cerebral cortex were incubated in the presence of [3H]myristic or [3H]palmitic acid. Analysis of radiolabeled proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography revealed extensive incorporation of fatty acids into a small number of neuronal proteins. The major acylated proteins had apparent molecular weights and isoelectric points as follows: 87,000, 4.3; 63,000, 4.4; 45,000, 4.4; and 20,000, 5.3. After labeling with [3H]myristic acid, the radioactivity associated with these proteins was identified as myristic acid, which was attached via an ester linkage. All four of the major acylated neuronal proteins were found to be membrane-bound and enriched in growth cones. By virtue of its molecular weight, isoelectric point, subcellular distribution, and peptide map, the 87-kilodalton polypeptide was shown to be equivalent to pp80, a phosphoprotein that has been described in developing and mature synaptic terminals. The 45-kilo-dalton acylated protein also appears to coincide with another growth cone phosphoprotein, pp40. Acylation may serve as a mechanism to regulate the function of these proteins, or may play a role in directing them to the nerve terminal membrane.
Longitudinal assessment of symptom severity among hospitalized elders diagnosed with cancer, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND: Pain, dyspnea, and anxiety are common among patients with cancer, heart failure (HF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet little is known about the severity of symptoms over time. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, severity, burden, and predictors of symptoms during the course of hospitalization and at 2 weeks after discharge. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: A large academic university. PATIENTS: Patients were 65 years or older with a primary diagnosis of cancer, COPD, or HF. MEASUREMENTS: Daily living skills and depression were recorded at enrollment. Symptoms were assessed daily and 2 weeks postdischarge. RESULTS: At baseline, most participants reported moderate/severe pain (54%), dyspnea (53%), and anxiety (62%). Almost two-thirds (64%) had 2 or more symptoms at a moderate/severe level. The prevalence of moderate/severe symptoms decreased at the 24-hour assessment (pain = 42%, dyspnea = 45%, anxiety = 55%, burden = 55%) and again at follow-up (pain = 28%, dyspnea = 27%, anxiety = 25%, burden = 30%). While there was no association between primary diagnosis and symptom severity at baseline or 24-hour assessment, at 2-week follow-up, a higher percentage of patients with COPD had moderate/severe pain (54%, χ2 = 22.0, P = 0.001), dyspnea (45%, χ2 = 9.3, P = 0.05), and overall symptom burden (55%, χ2 = 25.9, P = 0.001) than those with cancer (pain = 22%, dyspnea = 16%, symptom burden = 16%) or HF (pain = 25%, dyspnea = 24%, symptom burden = 28%). Predictors of symptom burden at follow-up were COPD (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0, 27.7) and probable depression (OR = 6.1; 95% CI = 2.1, 17.8). CONCLUSION: The majority of inpatients with chronic illness reported high severity of symptoms. Symptoms improved over time but many patients, particularly those with COPD, had high symptom severity at follow-up. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Factors influencing proton positions in biomolecules

Results of quantum mechanical calculations are presented that suggest a number of mechanisms whereby protons may be shifted from one group to another along an H bond. The first factor to be considered is a stretching of the bond that drastically raises the energy barrier to transfer. It is possible to predict barriers for an arbitrary system based only on results for a simple system and knowledge of the relevant bond length in the isolated subsystems. Factors that increase the intrinsic basicity of the B group in A-H-B lead not only to a lowering of the energy of the A-HB state relative to AH-B but also to a reduction in the barrier to transfer of the proton from A to B. Ions in the vicinity of the H bond exert a powerful influence and can shift the proton to the less basic group across a gradient of several pK units. Rather than shielding the proton from the external ion, the H bond acts instead to amplify the effects of the electric field. Reorientation of the A and B groups relative to one another, i.e., bends of the H bond, also produce surprisingly large changes in the relative energies of the AH-B and A-HB states. Such bends are capable of pushing the proton across to the normally less basic group, providing a mechanism of coupling conformational changes to proton ‘pumping’ activity. It is found that the high and low pH states of a given H bond can have dramatically differnt relative populations of the AH-B and A-HB configurations. These observations are explained in terms of fundamental concepts involving electrostatic interaction energies.
Investigative Interviews of Children: A Review of Psychological Research and Implications for Police Practices:

Historically, children were considered incompetent courtroom witnesses. However, legal barriers that once prevented children from offering courtroom testimony have been largely removed. In recent d...
Branchinecta Brushi N. SP. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae) from a Volcanic Crater in Northern Chile (Antofagasta Province): A New Altitude Record for Crustaceans

Abstract Branchinecta brushi is a new species of fairy shrimp described from a pool within the volcanic crater of Cerro Paniri, northern Chile. Its occurrence represents a new altitude record for anostracans (5930 m), and it shares the title for highest altitude occurrence across all of Crustacea with a cladoceran from the same pool, Boeckella palustris. Branchinecta brushi is similar to another Chilean anostracan, B. valchetana. However, B. brushi differs from B. valchetana in the detailed morphology of the male second antennae and gonopods. Male specimens of B. brushi possesses a bulbous, distally spinose medial apophysis on the proximal article of its second antenna as well as short, stout, inwardly curved gonopods. Both sexes are distinguished by very short cercopods. Bringing phylogenetic order to the monogeneric family Branchinectidae will require increased levels of morphological documentation and a better understanding of intra-specific variation. Most crustaceans are not well suited to life at hi...
The omission effect in moral cognition: toward a functional explanation

Moral judgment involves much more than computations of the expected consequences of behavior. A prime example of the complexity of moral thinking is the frequently replicated finding that violations by omission are judged less morally wrong than violations by commission, holding intentions constant. Here we test a novel hypothesis: Omissions are judged less harshly because they produce little material evidence of wrongdoing. Evidence is crucial because moral accusations are potentially very costly unless supported by others. In our experiments, the omission effect was eliminated when physical evidence showed that an omission was chosen. Perpetrators who “opted out” by pressing a button that would clearly have no causal effects on the victim, rather than rescuing them, were judged as harshly as perpetrators who directly caused death. These results show that, to reduce condemnation, omissions must not only be noncausal, they must also leave little or no material evidence that a choice was made. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Variability of the relative corpus callosum cross sectional area between dyslexic and normally developed brains

Minicolumnar disturbance is a common feature to both dyslexic and autistic brains. This paper is motivated by the persistent need to investigate the effect of minicolumnar disturbance on the magnetic resonance images of the brain. This will serve as a preliminary step to develop a non-invasive methodology to discriminate between the diseases based on the MRI findings. In this paper, we investigate the variability of the ratio between the corpus callosum cross sectional area and the total brain intracranial volume between two groups; a group of dyslexic patients and another group of normal controls. The results show that this ratio differs significantly between the two groups and that it can be used as a discriminatory feature between dyslexic brains and typically developed ones.
Modeling Dynamic Vehicle Navigation in a Self-Organizing, Peer-to-Peer, Distributed Traffic Information System

This article presents a simulation-based framework to model the potential benefits from dynamic vehicle on-line routing in a distributed traffic information system based upon a vehicle-to-vehicle information-sharing architecture. Within this framework, certain vehicles with specific inter-vehicle communication equipment in the traffic network are capable of autonomous traffic surveillance and peer-to-peer information sharing. Based on real-time and historical traffic information, they independently optimize their routes, forming a self-organizing traffic information overlay to the existing vehicular roadway network. In-trip rerouting decisions arising from drivers' interactions with this distributed information system are modeled according both to a rational-boundary model and to a binary-logit model under the assumption that each driver is a rational entity. A path-based microscopic traffic simulation model is developed to study on-line vehicle navigation in the distributed traffic information system, testing nonrecurrent congestion cases on two different networks representing typical roadway scenarios in daily commuting. Based on simulation study results, potential benefits both for travelers with access to the traffic information system as well as for the traffic system as a whole are demonstrated.
Prognostic factors in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands

BACKGROUND: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignancy of the major salivary glands. Prior reports noted histological grade and tumor stage as consistently important prognostic factors. This study reviewed the experience of patients with MEC at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to determine the impact of clinical and pathologic findings on disease outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective clinical review was performed of patients with salivary gland MEC treated at a tertiary cancer center from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients were included. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival of all patients were 79.3% and 76.5%, respectively. Patients with low- and intermediate-grade disease had significantly better overall survival and disease-free survival than patients with high-grade disease, but no difference in survival rates was found between low- and intermediate-grade disease. Pathologic results of positive lymph nodes, extracapsular lymph node spread, and perineural invasion were all found to be poor prognostic indicators. On multivariate analysis, advanced disease stage and perineural invasion were found to be the most significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with either low- or intermediate-grade tumors uniformly have favorable local control and survival. High histological grade, advanced stage, perineural invasion, positive surgical margins, and submandibular location all portend for poor outcomes in MEC. Further advances in therapy are needed to improve outcomes for high-grade and advanced-stage disease. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Rethinking Subcultural Resistance: Core Values of the Straight Edge Movement

This article reconceptualizes subcultural resistance based on an ethnographic examination of the straight edge movement. Using the core values of straight edge, the author’s analysis builds on new subcultural theories and suggests a framework for how members construct and understand their subjective experiences of being a part of a subculture. He suggests that adherents hold both individual and collective meanings of resistance and express their resistance via personal and political methods. Furthermore, they consciously enact resistance at the micro, meso, and macro levels, not solely against an ambiguous “adult” culture. Resistance can no longer be conceptualized in neo-Marxist terms of changing the political or economic structure, as a rejection only of mainstream culture, or as symbolic stylistic expression. Resistance is contextual and many layered rather than static and uniform.
Bayesian Composite Qualitative Forecasting: Hog Prices Again

A new method for forming composite qualitative forecasts is presented. A set of qualitative forecasts is evaluated using auxiliary logit models to predict the probability of each forecast's correctness. Individual model forecasts are then combined on the basis of normalized values of these probabilities. This method is demonstrated with three sets of forecasts on the direction of change in hog prices (up or down). The application shows that without any information on the manner in which the individual forecasts are generated this method can form a composite forecast that is superior according to a variety of metrics for evaluating qualitative forecasts.
Optical response of highly oriented YBCO thin films

A thin-film transition edge bolometer was fabricated from laser ablated YBCO. The response to chopped 633-nm radiation was measured as a function of temperature, optical intensity, bias current, and signal frequency. At a chopping frequency of 1 Hz and a bias current of 100 mu A, the responsivity was 10 V/W and the noise power was 39 nW/ square root Hz. At low frequencies the device showed all the characteristics of a bolometer. At higher frequencies, however, an additional component of the photo response was found. The magnitude of this component scales roughly like f/sup -0.5/. This additional response is thought to be caused by optically induced depinning of vortices.
Electronic structure modulation for low-power switching

We report the transport characteristics of a novel transistor based on the electronic structure modulation of the channel. The gate voltage-controlled current modulation arises from the bandwidth manipulation of a midgap or a near-midgap state. We show that the transistor exhibits a gain and overcomes the 2.3 kBT/decade thermal limit in the inverse subthreshold slope where kB is the Boltzmann constant. The unique device physics also opens up many novel applications.
Orthogonal variable spreading factor codes with zero-correlation zone for TS-UWB

We propose an algorithm for the construction of ternary orthogonal variable-spreading-factor (OVSF) codes with zero-correlation zone (ZCZ); this is of particular interest for ternary sequence based UWB (TS-UWB) systems. The conventional approach is to design OVSF codes based on Walsh codes and, in this case, the orthogonality of the corresponding OVSF codes is easily lost when synchronism is lacking or in a multipath scenario. 2D OVSF codes possess ideal correlation properties which significantly improve the interference-rejection capability of multicarrier DS-CDMA systems. However, 2D OVSF code schemes, applied over multiple orthogonal channels, suffer from the disadvantages of a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and high complexities on transceiver design. The proposed OVSF codes, derived from two-dimensional (2D) OVSF codes, present a ZCZ which allows for significant suppression of multipath and multiuser interference and keeps the transceiver of an impulse based UWB system simple.
Tumour-stromal interactions. Transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor in mammary gland ductal morphogenesis.

The mammary gland undergoes morphogenesis through the entire reproductive life of mammals. In mice, ductal outgrowth from the nipple across the fat pad results in an intricate, well spaced ductal tree that further ramifies and develops alveolar structures during pregnancy. Ductal morphogenesis is regulated by the concerted action of circulating steroid and polypeptide hormones, and local epithelial-mesenchymal inductive signals. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-3 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF) are important components of this latter signaling pathway. TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 have roles in both promotion and inhibition of branching morphogenesis that are dependent on concentration and context. HGF/SF promotes ductal outgrowth and tubule formation in the mammary gland. These data suggest that these two growth factors have complementary roles in promoting mammary ductal morphogenesis and in maintaining ductal spacing. In addition, TGF-β3 triggers apoptosis in the alveolar epithelia, which is a necessary component of mammary gland involution and return of the ductal structure to a virgin-like state after lactation.
Numerical Modeling of Enhanced Nitrogen Dissolution during Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Weld-metal nitrogen concentrations far in excess of Sieverts-law calculations during gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of iron are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A transient, threedimensional mathematical model has been developed to calculate the residual nitrogen concentrations during GTA welding. This model combines calculations for the plasma phase with those for nitrogen absorption and for the transport of nitrogen by convection and diffusion in the weld metal and diffusion throughout the weldment. In addition, the model takes into account the roles of turbulence and the nitrogen desorption reaction in affecting the residual nitrogen concentration in the weldment. Autogeneous GTA welding experiments in pure iron have been performed and the resulting nitrogen concentrations compared with the modeling results. Both experimental and modeled nitrogen concentrations fall in a range between 2.7 and 4.7 times higher than Sieverts-law calculations at a temperature of 2000 K. Modeled nitrogen concentrations correlate well with the experimental results, both in magnitude and in the general trends, with changes in the travel speed and nitrogen addition to the shielding gas.
Effects of Abandoned Mine Drainage on Crayfish Distribution Along a PH Gradient

The Kiski-Conemaugh river basin in western Pennsylvania is heavily impacted by drainage from abandoned coal mines. Invertebrate diversity is decreased, with only acid tolerant species inhabiting the most affected streams. Crayfish, which are not acid tolerant, disappear as streams approach pH = 6.0. Little, however, is known about the distribution of crayfish in streams of intermediate pH. We sampled water quality and crayfish and invertebrate abundance at five sites along the pH gradient of Little Paint Creek, near Johnstown, PA. The first site (pH > 8.0) is an unimpacted area upstream from a coal refuse pile. The second site (7.0 > pH < 8.0), at the upstream edge of the pile, has been impacted at some time, but is not impacted now. The remaining sites (pH < 7.0), downstream from the mine, are heavily impacted year round. Crayfish abundance as determined by kick net and hand collecting, declines downstream, from site 1 to site 2. Crayfish were not found at the downstream sites.
Genetic Defects in Lipoprotein Metabolism

The genetic defects of lipoprotein metabolism give rise to a group of syndromes that are most frequently classified according to abnormal concentrations of one or more of the major classes of lipoproteins in plasma (chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL or HDL), e.g. hyperchylomicronaemia, also known as Type I or V, hyperLDL (or hyper-β) lipoproteinaemia, also known as Type II, etc. The advantages of this nosology are that: 1. Its principles are easy to grasp and hence to explain, 2. Clinical laboratories are able to report abnormal concentrations in plasma because the laboratory measurements are relatively simple, subject to quality control and widely available, and 3. Current diet and drug therapies are based primarily on this classification.
Eternal Life as Knowledge of God: An Epistemology of Knowledge by Acquaintance and Spiritual Formation

Spiritual formation currently lacks a robust epistemology. Christian theology and philosophy often spend more time devoted to an epistemology of propositions rather than an epistemology of knowing ...
BAP1 is overexpressed in black compared with white patients with Mx-M1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A report from the cancer genome atlas.

Abstract Objectives Incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is higher in Black patients with disease-specific and overall survival being lower compared with White patients even though renal tumors among Black patients are more likely to be localized. These disparities have been attributed to higher rates of obesity and hypertension, lower rates of nephrectomy, and a lack of access to quality health care. With scant genomic evidence to account for these disparities, the present study sought to compare BAP1 expression between Black and White patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC); a gene that inhibits tumor progression when overexpressed and results in poor clinical outcomes when silenced. Materials and methods The cancer genome atlas dataset was used to identify 58 (9.9%) Black and 529 (90.9%) White patients with ccRCC with an initial pathologic diagnosis from 1998 to 2013. BAP1 expression was compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. The association between BAP1 expression and pathologic stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and Fuhrman grade was assessed for the overall cohort and stratified by race. The association between BAP1 expression and overall survival was assessed using Cox proportion hazards models adjusting for Fuhrman grade, pathologic stage, and the presence of pathologic metastases for the overall cohort and stratified by race. Results The level of BAP1 expression was significantly higher in Black vs. White patients with ccRCC (10.5 vs. 10.3; P β =−0.25, P = .004) and decreasing AJCC stage ( β =−0.029, P = .006). For Black patients, increasing BAP1 expression was associated with decreasing AJCC stage ( β =−0.79, P = .016), decreasing Fuhrman grade ( β =−0.55, P = .011), and a decreased risk of pathologic metastases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, P = .038). For White patients, increasing BAP1 expression was associated with decreasing pathologic stage ( β =−0.20, P = .026). Conclusions BAP1 is significantly overexpressed in Black compared with White patients and is associated with favorable stage. BAP1 overexpression portends distinct pathologic outcomes in Black and White patients demonstrating the need for racial stratification and adequate Black patient sampling in BAP1 biomarker studies.
Mary's rain and god's umbrella: religion, identity, and modernity in the visionary art of a chicana painter

ABSTRACTIn this article I introduce a self-taught Chicana artist, Caroline Martinez, and highlight her work's religious significance. I offer a brief account of her life and a preliminary interpretation of her art. The art that adorns her Texas home and yard, I argue, is a visual testimony to the intercessory power of Jesus and Mary to heal the sick, feed the body, and protect the vulnerable. I then consider the implications of this case study for scholars in religious studies, Chicana studies, Catholic studies, and art history. Martinez's art evokes three important themes—religion, identity, and modernity—and offers reminders about three concomitant issues that face everyone who thinks about religion and art, especially self-taught artists and Chicana art: (1) What is the function of religion—and religious visual culture? (2) How do we talk about artists' religious identity, especially when there are multiple converging influences? (3) To what extent and in which sense can the work of self-taught artists...
Catalytic Combustion Systems for Micro-Scale Gas Turbine Engines

As part of an ongoing effort to develop a micro-scale gas turbine engine for power generation and micropropulsion applications, this paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental assessment of a catalytic combustion system. Previous work has indicated that homogenous gas-phase microcombustors are severely limited by chemical reaction time-scales. Storable hydrocarbon fuels, such as propane, have been shown to blowout well below the desired mass flow rate per unit volume. Heterogeneous catalytic combustion has been identified as a possible improvement. Surface catalysis can increase hydrocarbon-air reaction rates, improve ignition characteristics, and broaden stability limits. Several radial inflow combustors were micromachined from silicon wafers using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) and aligned fusion wafer bonding. The 191 mm3 combustion chambers were filled with platinum coated foam materials of various porosity and surface area. For near stoichiometric propane-air mixtures, exit gas temperatures of 1100 K were achieved at mass flow rates in excess of 0.35 g/s. This corresponds to a power density of approximately 1200 MW/m3 ; an 8.5-fold increase over the maximum power density achieved for gas-phase propane-air combustion in a similar geometry. Low order models including time-scale analyses and a one-dimensional steady-state plug-flow reactor model, were developed to elucidate the underlying physics and to identify important design parameters. High power density catalytic microcombustors were found to be limited by the diffusion of fuel species to the active surface, while substrate porosity and surface area-to-volume ratio were the dominant design variables.© 2005 ASME
Cyanotic heart disease with left axis deviation.

(1987). Cyanotic Heart Disease with Left Axis Deviation. Hospital Practice: Vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 57-62.
Fostering Engagement with Personal Informatics Systems

Personal informatics systems are becoming increasingly prevalent as their price, form, and ease of use improves. Though these systems offer great potential value to users, many systems are hampered by issues that limit their ability to foster engagement, and people often abandon use of these systems without garnering meaningful outcomes. While continued use of these systems is not necessary for all people, there is an opportunity to better support people working towards achievement-based goals. In this paper, we draw from the literature and our own prior work to identify a number of problems that hinder engagement with achievement-based personal informatics systems -- problems related to inadequate support for goal-setting, misalignment of user and system goals, and the burden of system maintenance. We then propose seven strategies for the design community to explore for mitigating these problems and discuss how these strategies could be used to foster engagement with PI systems.
Are Vague Words Ambiguous

Publisher Summary A difficult problem facing the natural language understanding systems which use a frame-based representation scheme is the frame selection problem, i.e., the task of selecting the appropriate frame(s) to represent the meaning of a given input. In many previous natural language understanding systems, frame selection has been viewed as a lexical ambiguity problem. However in this approach, words that can refer to more than one possible frame are treated as ambiguous; there is a list of the possible frames to which they could refer in that part of the system's knowledge. Frame selection rules take on the form of disambiguation rules, where they are responsible for choosing the sense of an ambiguous word used in a given context. This chapter explains that treating frame selection as lexical disambiguation is a mistake for a large class of words, known as vague words. It proposes an approach in which frame selection for these words is performed by a concept refinement process. In this approach, initially the representation of a vague word is also vague. The initially vague representation is refined or specified as more information about the context is filled in by the parser. The chapter also presents a general set of rules, including the script activation rule, expected event specialization rule, and slot-filler specialization rule, that can be used to select frames for vague words.
Taxonomy: Definition of pain terms and chronic pain syndromes

Abstract Understanding pain can be difficult due to a plethora of different types of terminology, different nomenclature, and oftentimes even overlapping and contradictory criteria for diagnosis. This chapter intends to clarify and consolidate varied nomenclature and provides a foundation to communicate and advance the understanding of pain medicine. Basic definitions of common pain syndromes and treatments are included and will be expounded upon in this text.
“Why Aren’t You a Sassy Little Thing”: The Effects of Robot-Enacted Guilt Trips on Credibility and Consensus in a Negotiation

Robots are becoming increasingly popular in social applications and have demonstrated effectiveness in a variety of contexts such as education, health, task management, and other complex cooperative roles. The purpose of this study was to examine human–robot interaction in a nonassistive environment: a negotiation scenario. Specifically, the authors examined what effect message appeals (guilt trip, no guilt trip) and robot agency (principal, agent) had on the negotiation outcomes and perceptions of credibility. Results indicated a significant main effect of agency and an interaction effect between agency and guilt messaging on perceptions of robot credibility such that participants rated a robot agent employing no guilt trips as more credible than one negotiating as principal or one utilizing guilt trips. Neither guilt nor agency had a significant effect on the overall concession of the negotiation task.
Human Rights: Universalism or the Integrity of a Common Enterprise?

When courts in one country cite judicial opinions about fundamental rights issued in other countries, do they do this just because they consider the truth about fundamental rights to be universal? I argue that this is not a good reason. The quest for universal truth might be better served by diversity and national experimentation. The real reason is because the people of the world have taken up human rights as a common enterprise and it is important to secure what Ronald Dworkin called the "integrity" of that enterprise.
A Connected Space for Early Experiential Learning in Teacher Education

Carefully-constructed field-based experiences in teacher education programs have been recognized as one of the essential conditions for effective teacher learning. ┬aMost college/university-based teacher education programs, however, are still dominated by the epistemology that academic knowledge is the authoritative source of knowledge about teaching, while spaces outside the college classroom remain the ΓC£practice fieldsΓC¥. ┬aThis study examines Project CONNECT (PC), an afterschool program designed to create early experiential learning opportunities by bringing together different aspects of expertise from the schools, communities, and universities. Preservice teachers (PSTs) in this study were placed to work with children one afternoon a week in school-based sites in their sophomore and junior years. Case study design was adopted to assess the impact of the experience on teacher learning as well as the process created such effects. Multiple data such as open-ended survey, written reflection, and field observation notes were collected and analyzed. Results revealed participantsΓCO transformation of professional identity, and development of professional skills and dispositions. Several factors emerged as important to PSTsΓCO learning throughout the experience, including connections between the course and the program, quality of faculty supervision, and systematic reflection. Implications for teacher education were discussed.
Evaluation of treatment changes following electronic consultation to a pharmacist-run urine drug testing service in a veterans healthcare system

In 2013, the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Healthcare System established a pharmacist-run urine drug testing (UDT) electronic consultation (e-consult) service to assist providers with interpretation of this useful yet complex clinical tool. This pilot study aimed to classify clinical treatment changes implemented following e-consult to a pharmacist-run UDT service and analyze factors limiting pharmacist intervention postconsultation. One hundred forty-three e-consults were completed in the 2-year study period including interpretation of 190 UDT results classified as expected, unexpected, or not necessarily inappropriate based on prescription profile at time of urine immunoassay test. Preconsult evaluation revealed that in more than 70 percent of cases, no confirmatory testing was ordered on the sample in question by the requesting provider. Of the 28 percent of UDT results classified as unexpected, 32 percent identified the presence of an illicit substance. Completed e-consults provided either education-based (informative) or actionbased (decisive) recommendations. In 50 percent of the cases where unexpected substances were identified, pharmacy specialists recommended immediate action to be taken by the provider. Subsequent review indicates that timely documentation of postconsultation action by requesting provider was only present in 32 percent of this group. Continued efforts toward an improved understanding of UDT utility by providers, along with expedited placement of e-consult following urine collection, may allow for increased implementation of pharmacist interventions and lead to more optimal use of this clinical tool.
Protein Tyrosine Nitration: Role in Aging.

Background Aging is the inevitable fate of all living organisms, but the molecular basis of physiological aging is poorly understood. Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in the aging process. In addition to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are generated during aerobic metabolism in living organisms. Although protein damage and functional modification by ROS have been demonstrated in details, fewer studies have been reported on protein damage by RNS and its implication in the aging process. Proteins undergoing tyrosine nitration are associated with pathophysiology of several diseases, as well as physiological aging. The purpose of the current review article is to provide a brief summary of the biochemical mechanisms of tyrosine nitration, methodologies used for the detection of these modified proteins, effect of RNS induced post translational modification on biological functions and the putative role of tyrosine nitrated proteins in the aging process. Methods Published studies on the role of RNS in age related functional alteration of various organs/ tissues were critically reviewed and evaluated. Results Covalent modification of various proteins by tyrosine nitration is associated with modification of biological functions of various organs/tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and liver due to aging. Conclusion This information will be helpful to further investigate the interplay of different biochemical pathways and networks involved in the tyrosine nitration of various proteins due to aging with the ultimate goal to prevent the detrimental effects of RNS on the functional activities of these proteins.
Proof certificates for SMT-based model checkers for infinite-state systems

We present a dual technique for generating and verifying proof certificates in SMT-based model checkers, focusing on proofs of invariant properties. Certificates for two major model checking algorithms are extracted as k-inductive invariants, minimized and then reduced to a formal proof term with the help of an independent proof-producing SMT solver. SMT-based model checkers typically translate input problems into an internal first-order logic representation. In our approach, the correctness of translation from the model checker's input to the internal representation is verified in a lightweight manner by proving the observational equivalence between the results of two independent translations. This second proof is done by the model checker itself and generates in turn its own proof certificate. Our experimental evaluation show that, at the price of minimal instrumentation in the model checker, the approach allows one to efficiently generate and verify proof certificates for non-trivial transition systems and invariance queries.
Mapping Protein-Protein Interaction Using High-Throughput Yeast 2-Hybrid

A tremendous asset to the analysis of protein-protein interactions is the yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H) method. The Y2H assay is a heterologous system that is expanding network biology knowledge via in vivo investigations of binary protein-protein interactions. Traditionally, the Y2H protocol entails the mating or co-transformation of yeast in solid agar media followed by visual analysis for diploid selection. Having played a key role in identifying protein-protein interactions for nearly three decades in a wide range of biological systems, the Y2H system assays the interaction between two proteins of interest which results in a reconstituted and/or activation of transcription factor allowing a reporter gene to be transcribed. Overall, the Y2H method takes advantage of two factors: (1) the auxotrophic yeast requires expression of the reporter gene to grow in media purposefully designed to lack one or more essential amino acids, and (2) the DNA-binding (DB) domain of transcription factor GAL4 is unable to initiate transcription unless it is physically associated with an activating domain (AD), which, together, DBs and ADs are fused to proteins of interest that must interact with each other to reconstitute the transcription factor and activate the reporter gene. The applications of Y2H are broad, entailing fields such as drug discovery, clinical trials for human disease including cancer and neurodegenerative disease, and extend even into synthetic biology applications and cellular engineering. This chapter begins with an introduction to the fundamental mechanics of Y2H utilizing a genetically engineered strain of yeast and proceeds with an in-depth look at the different types of Y2H and turn our focus particularly to the GAL4-based Y2H system to map protein-protein interactions. We will then provide a step-by-step protocol for the Y2H experimentation preceded by a materials listing while simultaneously including key notes throughout the entire experimental process of biological-mechanistic and historical understandings of the steps.
Positioning under Alternative Electoral Systems: Evidence from Japanese Candidate Election Manifestos

We study a core question of interest in political science: Do candidates position themselves differently under different electoral systems and is their positioning in line with the expectations of spatial theories? We use validated estimates of candidate ideological positions derived from quantitative scaling of 7,497 Japanese-language election manifestos written by the near universe of candidates who competed in the eight House of Representatives elections held on either side of Japan’s 1994 electoral reform. Leveraging variation before and after Japan’s electoral reform, as well as within each electoral system, we find that candidates converge in single-member districts and diverge in multimember districts, and converge on copartisans when not faced with intraparty competition and diverge when they do. Our study helps to clarify debates about the effects of electoral systems on ideological polarization and party cohesion in Japan and more generally.
Preserving fossils in the national parks: A history

ABSTRACT The fossil record preserved throughout the National Park Service spans more than a billion years and is documented in at least 267 park units. The discovery, collection, study, and resource management of fossils from localities which are currently within parks sometimes predate the establishment of the National Park Service and many of the parks. Public education and interpretation at parks such as Agate Fossil Beds and Tule Springs Fossil Beds national monuments and many other designated areas include information on the rich history of paleontological field work by notable paleontologists undertaken prior to the areas being preserved as national park areas. Another important historical aspect for several dozen parks involves the conservation efforts undertaken by the public and interest groups to preserve and protect these important fossil localities. The evolution of the science and methodologies in paleontology is reflected in the resource management undertaken by the National Park Service and...
Daily review of AHRQ patient safety indicators has important impact on value-based purchasing, reimbursement, and performance scores

Abstract Background The Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) Composite (PSI 90) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has been found to have low positive predictive values. Because scores can affect hospital reimbursement and ranking, our institution designed a review process to ensure accurate data and incur minimal penalties under the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program. Methods A multidisciplinary team was assembled to review PSI 90 within a performance period. The positive predictive value of each PSI was calculated. Weight-adjusted PSI rates were used to recalculate the PSI 90 Performance Period Index Value (PPIV). The adjusted PPIV was used to estimate what the achievement points and financial impact would have been if PSI review had not been implemented. Differences in PPIV, achievement points, and financial impact before and after PSI review were calculated. Results A total of 1,470 cases were flagged for PSI over a 2-year period. The positive predictive value was 63.3%. Refuting 36.7% of PSIs resulted in a decrease in the PPIV from 0.696 to 0.508, an increase in achievement points from 5 to 10, resulting in a decreased net loss of $111,773. Conclusion Multidisciplinary review processes are practical and effective in identifying false-positive patient safety events. The real-time process affects hospital performance and resultant Medicare reimbursement substantially.
Emerging Concepts in Human Performance Optimization

The optimization of performance is a defining goal with regard to the long-term development of any athlete. The process of performance optimization in football players is constantly evolving as our knowledge and understanding of the factors which act to influence player performance increase. Consistent with this evolution in our understanding and continual drive toward ever-increasing player performance is the development and emergence of new concepts, ideas, and technologies to help toward this goal. This chapter presents some of these emerging concepts and issues related to the optimization player performance. An overview of new approaches to the processes involved strength and conditioning training, strategies for enhancing nutritional intake and timing to maximize recovery, and an introduction to new and developing technologies which can be utilized to inform training practices, monitor player training intensity, and optimize sleep-wake schedules to promote increased levels of recovery. In addition, the complexities of integrating and managing all the information associated with the adoption of emerging strategies and technologies are discussed in an effort to further optimize player performance.
The Shift in Power in the European Union and Its Consequences for Energy and the Environment

Control over environmental regulation has become remarkably centralized in the European Union, with power shifting over the past few decades from Member States to EU institutions in Brussels. This chapter, part of a forthcoming ABA book -- International Environmental Law: The Practitioner's Guide to the Laws of the Planet -- analyzes both the causes and the effects of that policy centralization. It focuses on EU energy and climate change policy, including the Emissions Trading System, and also discusses EU legislation on toxic chemicals and product policy.
Role of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in pathogen-mediated intracellular iron sequestration in human phagocytic cells.

Upon infection, pathogen and host compete for the same iron pool, because this trace metal is a crucial micronutrient for all living cells. Iron dysregulation in the host is strongly associated with poor outcomes in several infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, AIDS, and malaria, and inefficient iron scavenging by pathogens severely affects their virulence. Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates, responsible for diminishing iron export from macrophages during iron overload or infection. Hepcidin regulation in hepatocytes is well characterized and mostly dependent on interleukin-6 signaling during inflammation, although in myeloid cells, hepcidin induction and the mechanisms leading to intracellular iron regulation remain elusive. Here we show that activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by their respective ligands leads to increased iron sequestration in macrophages. By measuring the transcriptional levels of iron-related proteins (eg, hepcidin, ferroportin, and ferritin), we observed that TLR signaling can induce intracellular iron sequestration in macrophages through 2 independent but redundant mechanisms. Interestingly, TLR2 ligands or infection with Listeria monocytogenes lead to direct ferroportin transcriptional downregulation, whereas TLR4 ligands, such as lipopolysaccharide, induce hepcidin expression. Infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin promotes intracellular iron sequestration through both hepcidin upregulation and ferroportin downregulation. This is the first study in which TLR1-9–mediated iron homeostasis in human macrophages was evaluated, and the outcome of this study elucidates the mechanism of iron dysregulation in macrophages during infection.