cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erfolgreiche Behandlung einer subakuten Abstoßungsepisode von Dünndarmtransplantaten mit dem immunsuppressiven Makrolid FK 506

Die Einfuhrung und der erfolgreiche Einsatz von Cyclosporin A (CsA) in der Transplantationsmedizin vor etwa 10 Jahren brachte erneutes Interesse an der Dunndarmtransplantation. Eine Vielzahl von tierexperimentellen Studien dokumentierte die Wirksamkeit von CsA, die Abstosung von Dunndarmtransplantaten zu verhindern oder zu verzogern. Eigene Untersuchungen mittels eines vollallogenen Rattenmodells der orthotopen Dunndarmtransplantation zeigten, das kurzzeitige Cyclosporintherapie (15 mg/kg Korpergewicht fur 7 Tage) eine Transplantatabstosung verzogerte, wohingegen eine 28tagige Therapie ohne Ausnahme zu uneingeschranktem funktionellen Uberleben des Transplantates und somit des Empfangers fuhrte (1) . In anderen Tiermodellen (Hund, Schwein) konnte ein solcher Erfolg nicht verzeichnet werden (2) . Es kam zu chronischer Abstosung trotz fortgefuhrter Therapie mit CsA und zusatzlich Corticosteroiden, Azathioprin und Antilymphocytenserum.
Analysis of vector surveillance in Ningbo, 2014

Objective To provide scientific data for vector control after investigating its community structure and seasonal fluctuation in Ningbo, 2014.Methods Mouse trap, light trap, cage trap and glue trap were used to catch rodents,mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches respectively.Results The rodents were identified as 4 species of 3 genera, 1 family and Rattus norvegicus was predominant species and occupied 62.17%. The mosquitoes were identified as 4 species, 3 genera, 1family and the dominant species, Culex pipiens pallens, occupied 61.54%. The flies belonged to 13 species of 7 genera, 3families. Musca domestica was predominant species and occupied 24.10%. The cockroach were identified as 3 species of 2genera, 1 family and Blattella germanica was predominant species and occupied 80.90%. Rodents and cockroaches were active throughout the year and active period was from April to October. Seasonality of mosquitoes and flies was obvious. The active peak of mosquitoes and flies were both on July.Conclusion The community structure and seasonal fluctuation of vector were preliminarily known. It should strengthen monitoring and control of vectors and vector borne diseases in Ningbo.
Application of agricultural TV programs in agricultural information services

TV program is important for agricultural information services in our country,it's the most common way to get agricultural informations for farmers,Agricultural TV programs can popularize advanced agricultural scientific and technological knowledge and improve farmers' scientific literacy. At present,agricultural TV programs are insufficient,the pertinence was weak,ornamental characteristics are low,it's difficult to meet the demand of more than 800 million farmers. By researching the 5 agricultural channels data and questionnaires of 200 farmers in Huadu district,this paper analyzed the application status and recognition of agricultural TV programs agricultural information services,and proposed suggestions to improve the effectiveness of agricultural TV programs.
Design and Implementation of SIP Based Video Monitoring Platform Test System for Substations

As an important element of smart grid,the video monitoring system is widely used in substations operation,maintenance and management.However,there're some obstacles in communications among devices from different companies.A new test system has been designed using simulation methods,which will be able to test the functions,protocols and capabilities of a real video monitoring system.Moreover,it will point out the problem for the abnormal device operation,so as to make it satisfy the developing needs of video monitoring system.Practical tests prove that the designed test system has a practical application value with its stability,reliability,accuracy and availability.
Vascularity of the lunate. Anatomic studies and implications for the development of osteonecrosis.

Osteonecrosis of the lunate is well established as the pathologic entity underlying the clinical condition known as Kienbock's disease. Consequently, the extraosseous and intraosseous blood supplies to the lunate have been well studied. A series of three palmar and three dorsal arterial arches provide a consistent volar supply to the lunate, and a frequent, but inconsistent, dorsal supply. Volar and dorsal foramina each generally contribute one to two vessels to a volar and dorsal intraosseous arterial network. The dorsal and volar arterial systems anastomose distal to the midline of the lunate; however, in as many as 7.5% of lunates, no anastomosis my be present. Between 7% and 26% of lunates may lack either a volar or dorsal arterial supply. These findings have significant implications regarding possible mechanisms for the development of osteonecrosis and the treatment of Kienbock's disease.
The Exploiter Exploited

Of all Loti’s novels, Les Desenchantees has provoked the least critical attention, although much has been written about it. While this book is very different in tone from his other Oriental works, no satisfactory explanation has ever been given for Loti’s new perspective on Oriental women. Whereas Rarahu, Fatou-gaye, and Aziyade were dependent, passive, and primitive females living in the shadow of their European hero, the three ‘Turkish’ women who comprised ‘Nour el Nissa’ were strong, intelligent, highly educated, articulate young ladies, very sure of themselves and their mission in life. Unlike their non-Occidental consoeurs who needed men to exist, these women chronicled their despair at having to survive in a male-oriented society where men caused them only unhappiness and, ultimately, death. Since this work is so exceptional in the Oriental oeuvre, and since the feminine figures portrayed are unlike those in any previous characterisation, it seems pertinent to inquire why Loti would suddenly create a new image for the Oriental woman, and what motivated him to write this book.
Organizations That Help Underrepresented Minorities to Build STEM Careers

This chapter discusses organizations that help underrepresented minorities to build science and technology careers. Many of these organizations were founded in the 1970s in response to the Civil Rights movement. The first section discusses three organizations principally serving African Americans: the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE), the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME), and the National Consortium for Minorities in Engineering and Sciences. The second section discusses three organizations principally serving Hispanics: the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans (SACNAS), Latinos in Science and Engineering (MAES), and the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE). The third section discusses two organizations principally serving American Indians: the American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC) and the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES).
365. Increased Tissue Temperature Improves Electro-Transfer Mediated Gene Delivery to Skin

Introduction: Developing an optimal gene electro-transfer system for delivery of plasmid DNA to the skin in vivo has been challenging with expression often confined in the epithelium requiring high voltage electric fields, which can cause cellular and tissue damage. Minimizing such damage, while optimizing gene expression profiles, are highly desirable for therapeutic applications of gene delivery to the skin. Cell membrane fluidity is temperature dependent, thus moderate temperature elevation can increase membrane fluidity. Utilizing this concept, we developed a novel gene electro-transfer electrode for in vivo applications with ability to heat tissue with a laser integrated into a four pin multi-electrode array, to improve gene delivery efficiency.Methods: We tested a range of gene electro-transfer conditions in vivo in guinea pigs with and without elevating skin temperature to 43°C immediately prior to application of electric pulses. Firefly luciferase encoding plasmid DNA was delivered and expression levels were measured by luminescence (IVIS Spectrum) for quantifying expression profiles in photons/second. Green florescence protein (GFP) encoding plasmid DNA was also delivered for assessing gene expression location.Results Our results indicated that increasing the temperature resulted in significantly higher gene expression compared to controls without applied heat in luciferase groups. GFP immunohistochemistry showed gene expression was localized in the epidermal layers of the skin.Significance: It is therefore possible to use lower applied electric fields and achieve comparable gene expression to higher electric fields if the tissue temperature is slightly elevated above normal body temperature. Lower applied electric fields, result in reduced cellular and tissue damage compared to higher applied electric field, thus such conditions are more efficient for therapeutic applications. In summary, we developed a safer and a more efficient delivery system for in vivo gene transfer to the skin by moderately elevating tissue temperature during gene-electro transfer.
Molecular Dissection of Human Tissue Factor Pre-mRNA Processing: Identification and Characterization of Functional Exonic Splicing Enhancers in Variable Exon 5.

Tissue Factor (TF), the regulatory co-factor of FVII/VIIa, is the physiologic trigger of blood coagulation. Two naturally occurring isoforms of TF differ in their structure: the full length TF (flTF) is a membrane-spanning molecule, whereas the recently discovered alternatively spliced TF (asTF), generated by exclusion of exon 5, lacks the transmembrane domain, and is soluble. Biosynthesis of the soluble TF variant appears to be evolutionarily advantageous, as it exists in mice. Both isoforms are present in plasma and produced predominantly by circulating monocytes. The biologic role of asTF is unknown; it has, however, been proposed that precise regulation of the TF isoform ratio in blood is critical to normal hemostasis. This study aims to identify molecular mechanisms governing the fate of variable exon 5 during the processing of the human TF pre-mRNA, and to apply these findings to generate mini-genes expressing altered human flTF/asTF isoform ratios in animal models to elucidate the role of TF isoforms in normal hemostasis and/or development of coagulopathies. In silico analysis of the human TF exon 5 revealed 14 putative exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) motifs for SF2/ASF and SC35, essential SR proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing. A segment of the TF gene comprising the end of exon 4 through the beginning of exon 6 (including exon 5 and the entire introns 4 and 5) was inserted into the GFP open reading frame of the pGL expression vector. The resultant construct (pGL-hTF) was transfected into a human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and shown to faithfully recapitulate the pattern of TF mRNA isoform production. Site-directed mutagenesis of each putative ESE motif was then performed, and the mRNA isoform levels were assayed by RT-PCR. Removal of four ASF/SF2 sites at positions 100–117 favored exclusion of exon 5. In contrast, removal of either of the two SC35 motifs at positions 33 and 81 favored inclusion of the exon. A pSPL-3b-hTF expression vector, featuring the above mutations in the context of a different promoter and a smaller segment of the TF gene, was generated to confirm these findings: similar shifts in isoform ratio production were observed. Results were further validated by introducing both synergistic and antagonistic double mutations of the functional ESEs in pGL-hTF. Production of the two naturally occurring human TF isoforms appears to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level by SR proteins ASF/SF2 and SC35. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in TF isoform production is very likely to provide effective means for creating state-of-the-art animal models to characterize the biologic importance of flTF/asTF ratio in circulating blood. In addition, this study is the first to show that SF2/ASF and SC35 can exert opposite effects on pre-mRNA splicing.
Measuring Public Opinion with Surveys

How can we best gauge the political opinions of the citizenry? Since their emergence in the 1930s, opinion polls—or surveys—have become the dominant way to assess the public will. But even given the long history of polling, there is no agreement among political scientists on how to best measure public opinion through polls. This article is a call for political scientists to be more self-conscious about the choices we make when we attempt to measure public opinion with surveys in two realms. I first take up the question of whom to interview, discussing the major challenges survey researchers face when sampling respondents from the population of interest. I then discuss the level of specificity with which we can properly collect information about the political preferences of individuals. I focus on the types of question wording and item aggregation strategies researchers can use to accurately measure public opinion.
Optical Properties of Polyimide Films in the Infrared

The objective of this study is to determine the infrared optical constants of polyimide films in the spectral range between 2000 and 7000 cm-1using a five-oscillator Lorentz model. Model parameters are presented, in addition to the derived values of the complex refractive index and dielectric constant. The parameters were obtained using electromagnetic theory for thin films to model reflectivity data from two film samples with different thicknesses (5.17 and 12.4 μm) on gold substrates examined at two incident angles. Measurements were taken using a polarizable reflectometer device in a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The real part of the refractive index, n, is shown to be about 1.67, while the imaginary part, k, is less than 0.01 over the spectral range examined. Results are consistent with findings of other experimentalists, and new data presented here show that polarization effects on thin film layers are predictable from the proposed model.
How Will Native Tribes Fight the Dakota Access Pipeline in Court

This essay reviews legal arguments forwarded by tribes of the Great Sioux Nation when opposing the Dakota Access Pipeline in early 2017.
Timed mobility: description of measurement, performance, and dimensionality among older adults.

AbstractPurpose: To describe the measurement, performance, and dimensionality of five timed mobility activities completed by older adults.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional observational study using correlational and factor analysis to examine the dimensionality of five timed mobility activities performed by 189 older adults in an outpatient setting.Results: The times to complete supine-to-sit, five repetition sit-to-stand, 8 m comfortable gait, four step ascent, and four step descent were correlated significantly with one another (r = 0.294–0.827, p < 0.001). The times were also internally consistent (α = 0.71) and loaded highly on a single factor (0.587–0.888).Conclusion: The timed measurements of this study were easily obtained. They can be viewed as unidimensional and representative of a single construct of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health -timed mobility.Implications for rehabilitationFor patients who are independent in mobility, timing offers a means of dif...
Budgeting concepts and processes: perceived value for state budgeting

State budgeting processes and decision making have been the subject of numerous research efforts. Such studies have been based upon the premise that improved budget processes will improve budget decisions and resource allocations. Among the specific topics of such studies have been the nature and focus of state budgetary processes and innovations as well as inquiries into the training and background of state budgeting personnel. This study focused on the perceived contributions of budget theory, processes and concepts by state budget practitioners. The inquiry also analyzed the differences between state budget directors and their staffs regarding such "perceived" contributions. The results indicate a high degree on similarity of perceived values of the various budget theories, processes and concepts by both groups. Budget process and evaluation concepts were identified as valued concepts which enhanced their budget preparation and execution skills. Both groups indicated a high value for revenue and expenditure forecasting. Such high values probably result, in part, from the fiscal stress encountered by state governments over the past decade. Overall, the study further clarifies which budgeting concepts and processes are most highly valued by state budget practitioners. In addition, the results provide insights for the design of budgeting and financial management courses in public administration and professional development programs.
Free recall dynamics in value-directed remembering

Abstract An emerging literature on value-directed remembering has shown that people are able to encode and remember information that is more important. Researchers operationalize importance by differentially assigning value to the memoranda that participants are asked to encode and remember. In the present investigation, a slightly altered value-directed-remembering paradigm was used to investigate how value modifies the dynamics of memory organization and search in free recall. In Experiment 1, free recall dynamics were compared between a control and a value condition. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the order of presentation of the values by adding an ascending and a descending condition where values were presented congruently or incongruently with the evolution of temporal context. Experiments 3 and 4 paralleled Experiments 1 and 2 respectively, with the addition of overt rehearsal and an unexpected memory test for the numbers/values. Overall, the results indicated that value-directed encoding has an influence on measures of delayed free recall encoding, organization, and search processes.
Encapsulated Cell Technology-Based Delivery of a Complement Inhibitor Reduces Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model.

Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a slowly progressing disease, and risk appears to be tied to an overactive complement system. We have previously demonstrated that mouse choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and smoke-induced ocular pathology can be reduced with an alternative pathway (AP) inhibitor fusion protein consisting of a complement receptor-2 fragment linked to the inhibitory domain of factor H (CR2-fH) when delivered systemically. Here we developed an experimental approach with genetically engineered encapsulated ARPE-19 cells to produce CR2-fH intravitreally. Methods ARPE-19 cells were generated to stably express CR2 or CR2-fH, microencapsulated using sodium alginate, and injected intravitreally into 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice. CNV was induced using argon laser photocoagulation 4 weeks postinjection. Presence of capsules and progression of CNV was analyzed using optical coherence tomography. Bioavailability of CR2-fH was evaluated in retina sections by immunohistochemistry, and efficacy as an AP inhibitor by C3a ELISA. Results Secretion of CR2-fH or CR2 from encapsulated ARPE-19 cells was confirmed. An efficacious concentration of CR2-fH capsules to reduce CNV was identified. Bioavailability studies showed that CR2-fH was present in capsules and retinas of injected mice, and reduced CNV-associated ocular C3a production. Conclusions These findings indicate that the AP inhibitor CR2-fH, when generated intravitreally, can reduce CNV in mouse. Translational Relevance Encapsulated ARPE-19 cells secreting CR2-fH or perhaps other antiangiogenic or prosurvival factors might be useful as a potential therapeutic tool to treat age-related macular degeneration.
Nitrohydroxylation of Olefins with Nitric Acid Using Tridentate NHC–Amidate–Alkoxide Containing Palladium Catalysts

In an attempt to explore the method of nitrohydroxylation which is fairly underdeveloped, our tridentate NHC–amidate–alkoxide containing palladium catalyst was used to nitrohydroxylate a variety of olefins in the presence of nitric acid. These reactions furnished β-nitro alcohols selectively to serve as a direct method for the synthesis of such compounds from various kinds of olefins. Dioxane served as an effective solvent, particularly in conjunction with TFA and AgNO3, which selectively generated the desired products. Vinyl arenes and other olefins produced a wide range of desired products in moderate to good yields.
Strongly coupled modes of M and H for perpendicular resonance

We apply the equations for the magnetization $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ and field $\stackrel{P\vec}{H}$ to study their coupled modes for a semi-infinite ferromagnet, conductor, or insulator with magnetization ${M}_{0}$ and field ${H}_{0}$ normal to the plane (perpendicular resonance) and wave vector normal to the plane, which makes the modes doubly degenerate. With dimensionless damping constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and dimensionless transverse susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}={M}_{0}/{H}_{e}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}({H}_{e}\ensuremath{\equiv}{H}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{M}_{0})$, we derive an analytic expression for the wave vector squared, showing that $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ and $\stackrel{P\vec}{H}$ are nearly decoupled only if $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. This is violated in the ferromagnetic regime, although a first correction is found to give good agreement away from resonance. Emphasizing the conductor permalloy as a function of ${H}_{0}$ we study the eigenvalues and eigenmodes and the dissipation rate due to absorption both from the total effective field and from the Joule heating. (We include the contribution of the nonuniform exchange energy term, needed for energy conservation.) Using these modes we then apply, for a semi-infinite ferromagnet, a range of boundary conditions (i.e., surface anisotropies) on ${M}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ to find the reflection coefficient $R$ and the reflectivity ${|R|}^{2}$. As a function of ${H}_{0}$, absorption is dominated by the the skin depth mode (primarily $\stackrel{P\vec}{H}$) except near the resonance and at a higher-field ${H}_{d}$ associated with a dip in the reflectivity, whose position above the main resonance varies quadratically with the surface anisotropy ${K}_{s}$. The dip is driven by the boundary condition on $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$; the coefficient of the (primarily) $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ mode becomes very small at the dip, being compensated by an increase in the amplitude of the $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ mode, which has a Lorentzian line shape of height $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and width $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\alpha}$.
Numerical Solution of the First Passage Problem

Consider the general form of the three-dimensional convection-diffusion equation given by $${\partial \over {\partial x}}{k_x}{{\partial \psi } \over {\partial x}} + {\partial \over {\partial y}}{k_y}{{\partial \psi } \over {\partial y}} + {\partial \over {\partial z}} - {u_x}{{\partial \psi } \over {\partial z}} - {u_y}{{\partial \psi } \over {\partial y}} - {u_z}{{\partial \psi } \over {\partial z}} + c{{\partial \psi } \over {\partial t}} + Q = 0$$ (3.1) where kx/C, ky/C and kz/C are the diffusion coefficients; ux/C, uy/C and uz/C are the velocities; Q/C is the source term; and the boundary conditions are appropriately defined. The nonlinear partial differential equations developed in Chapter II which govern the first passage behavior of the simple hysteretic oscillator are degenerate forms of Equation 3.1. The nature of Equation 3.1 for many engineering problems gives little hope for analytical solution; thus numerical methods must be adopted to solve the problem.
Impaired right ventricular reserve predicts adverse cardiac outcomes in adults with congenital right heart disease.

Objective The prevalence of heart failure (HF) among adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is rising. Right ventricle (RV) exercise reserve and its relationship to outcomes have not been characterised. We aim to evaluate the prognostic impact of impaired RV reserve in an ACHD population referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Methods This retrospective study evaluates patients with ACHD who underwent CPET (n=147) with first-pass radionuclide ventriculography at a single tertiary care centre. RV reserve was categorised as normal, mild to moderately or severely impaired. The primary composite clinical outcome included clinical right HF, arrhythmia, transplantation or death. Results Patients were median age 41±13 years, 50% were female and median follow-up was 1.1 (IQR: 0.7–2.0) years. Exercise RV reserve was impaired in 103 patients (70%), of whom 32% were asymptomatic. Resting RV systolic function poorly predicted RV reserve, with 52% of patients with severe impairment having a qualitatively normal echocardiographic assessment. The severely impaired reserve group had lower peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 )(17.2 vs 22.5 mL/kg/min, p 2 , age, sex, RV pathology, QRS duration, New York Heart Association class, resting RV ejection fraction and RV dilation by echocardiography or MRI (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 13.0, p=0.039). Conclusion Impaired RV reserve, occurred in asymptomatic patients, was not well predicted by resting systolic function assessment, and strongly predicted adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Motion Parallax Improves Object Recognition in the Presence of Clutter in Simulated Prosthetic Vision

Purpose Efficacy of current visual prostheses in object recognition is limited. Among various limitations to be addressed, such as low resolution and low dynamic range, here we focus on reducing the impact of background clutter on object recognition. We have proposed the use of motion parallax via head-mounted camera lateral scanning and computationally stabilizing the object of interest (OI) to support neural background decluttering. Simulations in head-mounted displays (HMD), mimicking the proposed effect, were used to test object recognition in normally sighted subjects. Methods Images (24° field of view) were captured from multiple viewpoints and presented at a low resolution (20 × 20). All viewpoints were centered on the OI. Experimental conditions (2 × 3) included clutter (with or without) × head scanning (single viewpoint, 9 coherent viewpoints corresponding to subjects' head positions, and 9 randomly associated viewpoints). Subjects used lateral head movements to view OIs in the HMD. Each object was displayed only once for each subject. Results The median recognition rate without clutter was 40% for all head scanning conditions. Performance with synthetic background clutter dropped to 10% in the static condition, but it was improved to 20% with the coherent and random head scanning (corrected P = 0.005 and P = 0.049, respectively). Conclusions Background decluttering using motion parallax cues but not the coherent multiple views of the OI improved object recognition in low-resolution images. The improvement did not fully eliminate the impact of background. Translational Relevance Motion parallax is an effective but incomplete decluttering solution for object recognition with visual prostheses.
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generations with Semidefinite Optimization Technique

This paper presents a semidefinite optimization technique for finding optimal size and operating strategy of distributed generation (DG) units in both transmission system and radial distribution system. The optimal sizing and location problem is formulated with the multi-objective performance indices which include the size of DGs, loss reduction subject to the load flow and restrictions of voltage magnitude for each bus. The method has been tested in the 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution system and 30-bus transmission system considering single and multiple DG units and optimal power factors of DG units.
Repetitive Voice Evaluation in Dysphonic Teachers: Office Versus Home.

Summary Introduction A patient's voice can vary from one moment to another, and these variations cannot be captured by a one-time assessment. Multiple assessments may give a more holistic idea of the severity of the patient's dysphonia and by asking the patient to do the recordings he becomes involved in his therapeutic plan from the beginning. Aim This study aims to evaluate the added value of a repetitive assessment outside the speech therapist's (SLP) clinic, to have a broader vision of the voice disorder and identify parameters that change after working hours to be able to explain this disorder and find solutions for it. Methodology Twelve dysphonic Lebanese teachers, aged between 20 and 60 years, recorded their voices once at the SLP's office, and five other times at home every day after working hours. The recordings included a standardized text and a sustained /ɑ/. For perceptive evaluation of voice quality, six SLPs (three experts and three naive) analyzed the recordings using the GRBAS scale. For self-assessment, patients filled two self-assessment grids at the office: (SSVS: subjective assessment for vocal overwork) and the Lebanese Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10lb) questionnaire. They responded orally to a third scale ranging from 0 to 100 assessing the severity of dysphonia every day after completing the repetitive home recordings. For objective evaluation of the acoustic parameters, PRAAT software was used. Results Results reveal significant difference between the scores of the voices recorded in the office compared to the home repetitive assessment for the G and R of the perceptual evaluation with P Conclusions In teachers, the severity of dysphonia is more pronounced when the voice is recorded after working hours. Daily self-evaluation allows the patient to be more aware of his vocal disorder and voice fluctuations and might improve participation and compliance with therapy. It may also be used to monitor the response to speech therapy.
Structural Optimization for Seismic Loads: Pseudo-Static, Response Spectra and Time History

ABSTRACT Optimal design of structures subject to seismic loads using an optimality criterion approach is presented. The fact that inertia related seismic loads are dependent upon the natural period of the structure provides a challenge in structural optimization as compared to statically loaded systems. The inertia loads, being dependent upon the natural frequency of the structure, become a function of the structural stiffness and mass which changes within each optimization iteration. Therefore, the loads also change within each iteration. The typical gradient calculations for static response assumes a constant load, whereas, the gradients of the dynamic structural responses are dependent upon the non-zero gradients associated with these seismic loads. The load gradients are directly affected by the type of seismic analysis performed. Descriptions of the required sensitivity analyses for equivalent lateral force, modal response spectra analysis and time history analysis procedures are presented. An example of how structural optimization can be used to benefit a structural designer is presented. This example clarifies how structural optimization can lead to better understanding of seismic resistant designs.
Deep Learning to Speed up the Development of Structure–Property Relations For Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene

Structure-property maps play a key role in accelerated materials discovery. The current norm for developing these maps includes computationally expensive physics-based simulations. Here, the capabilities of deep learning agents are explored such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to predict structure-property relations and reduce dependence on simulations. This study contains simulated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microstructures damaged by various levels of radiation and temperature, with the objective to predict their residual strengths from the final atomic positions. By developing low dimensional physical descriptors to statistically describe the defects, these results show that purpose-specific microstructure representation can help in achieving a good prediction accuracy at low computational cost. Furthermore, the adaptability of the trained deep learning agents is explored to predict structure-property maps of other 2D materials using transfer learning. It is shown that in order to achieve good predictions accuracy (≈95% R2 ), an agent that is training for the first time ("learning from scratch") requires 23-45% of simulated data, whereas an agent adapting to a different material ("transfer learning") requires only about 10% or less. This suggests that transfer learning is a potential game changer in material discovery and characterization approaches.
The realization of self in primitive society: The example of the Chehalis Indians: In memory of Stanley Diamond, 1922?1991

Societes primitives et societes civilisees s'opposent : partage et individualisme, partage et propriete, partage et commerce, autonomie et controle de la personne. Les Chehalis elevent leurs enfants dans l'esprit du respect de l'autonomie d'autrui. Les personnes ayant des pouvoirs de vision detiennent une certaine autorite et eduquent les jeunes dans leur quete spirituelle, quete qui vise a responsabiliser l'enfant tout en lui conservant son autonomie. La quete illustre egalement la structure dialectique de la societe chehalis, la relation entre la nature et la culture, entre l'autorite et le choix personnel, entre soi et autrui
Impact of Arabic Spring on the Competitiveness of Arab States’ Agricultural Exports to EU Markets

The trade between the Arab States (21 countries) and the EU countries represents the largest proportion of their total trade with the whole world. It amounted to more than 60% in 2011. Therefore, the EU markets remain the first priority in achieving competitiveness for the agricultural sector exports of the Arab countries. The study targeted a comprehensive evaluation of competitive agricultural exports through a multi-staged model. The first included design and implementation of an index for agricultural development as a geometric means of four sub-indices: Agricultural Resources Index, Agricultural Productivity Index, Labor Employment Index in Agriculture, and Agricultural Foreign Trade Index. The identified four Arab countries with the highest agricultural development index score were Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt and Sudan.
The demographics of patients presenting for sexual assault to US emergency departments.

Abstract Background Few studies address the demographics/epidemiology of patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) for evaluation of sexual assault across an entire nation. It was the purpose of this study to analyze the demographics of sexual assault using a national data base. Methods This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program for years 2005–2013. Patients presenting for sexual assault were analyzed. Descriptive and logistic regression statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 11.0.01™ software. A p Results Sexual assault accounted for an estimated 657,719 ED visits (0.24% of all injuries, and 3.4% of injuries due to violence). When an assault victim presented to the ED, a sexual assault was most likely when the patient was 0–14 years old (OR = 19.48 [12.02, 31.57]), White (OR = 2.12 [1.30, 3.47]), the perpetrator being a stranger (OR = 10.51 [8.21, 13.46]), and occurring at home (OR = 10.05 [6.61, 15.27]). The average annual incidence of ED visits for sexual assault per 10,000 US population was 2.39; 0.47 for males and 4.92 for females. The average was 19.6 years; 90.3% were female. Assaults occurred in the home in 45.6%, and were more common in the summer. The perpetrator was unknown in 37.5%, a friend/acquaintance in 24.8%, other relative in 9.4%, multiple perpetrators in 9.3%, spouse/partner in 6.8%, with the remaining 12.7% from other groups. Racial composition was White in 60.9%, Black in 25.9%, Amerindian in 12.5%, and Asian in 0.5%. The perpetrator was a close relative nearly twice as frequently for male victims compared to female victims. Hospital admission overall was 2.7%: 7.1% when the assault occurred on the street, 1.8% when at school or sporting locations, 4.9% for males and 1.5% for females. Nearly all (98.2%) extremity injuries occurred in females. Conclusions Sexual assaults account for 4.4% of ED visits for violence. There was a decrease in the number of sexual assaults occurring on the street and at school/sporting locations over time while the number of assaults by strangers increased. For males, 54.1% occurred in those
Static Analysis of File Manipulation Scripts

Various scripts are often used to automatically build, configure, and deploy software, as well as to combine code base written in different programming languages. In this project, we develop novel analysis techniques for file manipulation scripts to statically detect path-related errors and estimate the necessary directory structure (path pre-conditions) before running a script. Due to the prevalence of path generation and file manipulation operations in various scripts, our proposed technique may enhance the reliability and transportability of these scripts.
Hypertrichotic patches as a mosaic manifestation of Proteus syndrome.

Background Proteus syndrome is an overgrowth disorder caused by a mosaic activating AKT1 variant. Hair abnormalities in Proteus syndrome have rarely been reported, and frequencies of such findings have not been elucidated. Objective To define the types and frequencies of hair findings in individuals with Proteus syndrome. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of individuals with clinical features of Proteus syndrome and a confirmed pathogenic variant in AKT1 evaluated between November 1996 and June 2019 at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Medical records were reviewed for patterning, density, and color of hair on the body and scalp. Results Of 45 individuals evaluated, 29 (64%) had asymmetric hypertrichosis on the body. This included unilateral blaschkoid hypertrichotic patches overlying normal skin or epidermal nevi in 16 (36%), unilateral nonblaschkoid hypertrichotic patches in 11 (24%), and unilateral limb hypertrichosis in 10 (22%). Diffuse, scattered, or patchy changes in scalp hair density or color were present in 11 individuals (24%). Limitations The retrospective, observational design, and limited longitudinal follow-up. Conclusions Asymmetric variations in hair distribution, thickness, length, and color contribute to the overall mosaic appearance of the skin in Proteus syndrome, an observation that provides novel insights into the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in skin appendage development.
Chapter 6 – Field Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a number of field applications that integrate many of the concepts. It focuses on modeling approaches and concepts rather than the specific merits of the project or outcome of the study. As illustrated in the chapter, on the design of conceptual models, each groundwater hydrologist can take his or her own approach to a study. Each designs somewhat different conceptual models and uses different software, if any at all. The modeling discussed here is carried out with several different computer programs. The first case study has been conducted by use of both the educational and professional version of GFLOW and with the finite difference model MODFLOW. The second case study is conducted with the proprietary code SLAEM, 2 which is a single-layer analytic element model like GFLOWl. The last case study has been conducted with the professional version of GFLOW, 3 which is also a proprietary code.
Medical and surgical management of acute type B aortic intramural hematoma

Type B acute aortic dissection (AAD) and intramural hematoma (IMH) can both present as potentially catastrophic lesions of the descending aorta. IMH is distinguished from AAD by the absence of an intimal tear and flap. With short-term outcomes being similar to type B AAD, IMH is treated identically to AAD in the corresponding segment of the aorta. While all patients with any acute aortic syndrome of the descending aorta receive prompt anti-impulse therapy, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is reserved for patients presenting with certain complications, namely malperfusion, rupture, or periaortic hematoma. Technical aspects of TEVAR for IMH include maximal endograft oversizing of 10% with 20 mm landing zones of the healthy aorta, revascularization of the left subclavian artery when covered, use of cerebrospinal fluid drainage with extensive coverage, and restoration of branch vessel perfusion. With respect to disease evolution, IMH may progress to classic AD, frank rupture, or aneurysmal dilation; yet, IMH may also regress and be completely resorbed. However, since the natural history of IMH is unpredictable, TEVAR is being used more aggressively to improve long-term survival, rates of secondary reintervention, and positive aortic remodeling. Much remains unknown for acute type B IMH, including the use of prophylactic TEVAR for stable uncomplicated presentations, as well as the optimal timing of intervention and certain technical aspects of TEVAR. As such, IMH remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for cardiovascular surgeons.
Woody plant growth increases with precipitation intensity in a cold semiarid system.

As the atmosphere warms, precipitation events become larger, but less frequent. Yet, there is fundamental disagreement about how increased precipitation intensity will affect vegetation. Walter's two-layer hypothesis and experiments testing it have demonstrated that precipitation intensity can increase woody plant growth. Observational studies have found the opposite pattern. Not only are the patterns contradictory, but inference is largely limited to grasslands and savannas. We tested the effects of increased precipitation intensity in a shrub-steppe ecosystem that receives >30% of its precipitation as snow. We used 11 (8 × 8 m) shelters to collect and redeposit rain and snow as larger, more intense events. Total annual precipitation was the same in all plots, but each plot received different precipitation event sizes ranging from 1 to 18 mm. Over three growing seasons, larger precipitation event sizes increased soil water availability, sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) stem radius, and canopy greenness, decreased new root growth in shallow soils, and had no effect on herbaceous plant cover. Thus, we found that increased precipitation intensity can increase soil water availability and woody plant growth in a cold semiarid system. Assuming that stem growth is positively correlated with shrub reproduction, establishment and spread, results suggest that increasing precipitation intensity may have contributed to the woody plant encroachment observed around the world in the past 50 yr. Further, continuing increases in precipitation intensity caused by atmospheric warming are likely to continue to contribute to shrub encroachment in the future.
Risk and Predictors of Depression Following Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Elderly.

OBJECTIVE We sought to comprehensively evaluate predictors of poststroke depression (PSD) in the United States and to compare PSD to post-myocardial infarction (MI) depression to determine whether ischemic stroke uniquely elevates risk of depression. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of 100% deidentified inpatient, outpatient, and subacute nursing Medicare data from 2016 to 2017 for US patients ≥65 years of age from July 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. We calculated Kaplan-Meier unadjusted cumulative risk of depression up to 1.5 years after the index admission. We performed Cox regression to report the hazard ratio for diagnosis of depression up to 1.5 years after stroke vs MI and independent predictors of PSD, and we controlled for patient demographics, comorbid conditions, length of stay, and acute stroke interventions. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, patients with stroke (n = 174,901) were ≈50% more likely than patients with MI (n = 193,418) to develop depression during the 1.5-year follow-up period (Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk 0.1596 ± 0.001 in patients with stroke vs 0.0973 ± 0.000778 in patients with MI, log-rank p < 0.0001). History of anxiety was the strongest predictor of PSD, while discharge home was most protective. Female patients, White patients, and patients <75 years of age were more likely to be diagnosed with depression after stroke. CONCLUSIONS Despite the similarities between MI and stroke, patients with stroke were significantly more likely to develop depression. There were several predictors of PSD, most significantly history of anxiety. Our findings lend credibility to a stroke-specific process causing depression and highlight the need for consistent depression screening in all patients with stroke.
Lytic Capacity Survey of Commercial Listeria Phage Against Listeria spp. with Varied Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics

Listeria monocytogenes is regularly isolated from food processing environments and is endemic in some facilities. Bacteriophage have potential as biocontrol strategies for L. monocytogenes. In this...
A randomized study of IV prochlorperazine plus diphenhydramine versus IV hydromorphone for migraine-associated symptoms: A post hoc analysis.

OBJECTIVE We conducted a randomized trial among emergency department patients with migraine to determine the relative impact on migraine-associated symptoms of hydromorphone, an opioid, versus prochlorperazine, an antidopaminergic antiemetic. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of data from a double-blind study registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02389829). Patients who met International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria for migraine without aura or for probable migraine without aura were eligible for participation. Participants received either hydromorphone 1 mg IV or prochlorperazine 10 mg IV plus diphenhydramine 25 mg IV and could receive a second dose of the same medication 1 h later if needed. The outcomes were sustained relief of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. RESULTS A total of 127 patients were enrolled, of whom 63 received prochlorperazine and 64 received hydromorphone. Of 49 patients in the prochlorperazine arm who reported nausea at baseline, 34 (69.4%) reported complete resolution without relapse versus 15/49 (30.6%) in the hydromorphone arm (absolute risk reduction [ARR] = 38.8%, 95% CI: 20.5%-57.0%, p < 0.001). Of 55 patients in the prochlorperazine arm who reported photophobia at baseline, 23 (41.8%) reported complete resolution without relapse versus 13/62 (20.9%) patients treated with hydromorphone (ARR = 20.8%, 95% CI: 4.3%-37.3%, p = 0.014). Of 56 patients in the prochlorperazine arm who reported phonophobia at baseline, 25 (44.6%) reported complete resolution without relapse versus 16/59 (27.1%) in the hydromorphone arm (ARR = 17.5%, 95% CI: 0.3%-34.8%, p = 0.049). For adverse events, three patients in the prochlorperazine arm reported anxiety or restlessness, and nine patients in the hydromorphone arm reported dizziness or weakness. CONCLUSIONS Prochlorperazine plus diphenhydramine is more efficacious than hydromorphone for the treatment of migraine-associated symptoms.
Euro Adoption in Central and Eastern Europe: Opportunities and Challenges

For the eight Central and Eastern European countries that joined the EU in May 2004 the next stage of integration is the adoption of the Euro. The collection of papers in this volume looks at the challenges and opportunities of euro adoption. The subjects covered are: real convergence and euro adoption; the role of monetary independence in accession countries; preconditions for successful euro adoption; strategies and key consideration.
The United States, Israel, and the Search for International Order: Socializing States

1. Improving Structural Theories of International Politics 2. Socializing States in the International System 3. Socializing the United States: Emergence to Major Member 4. Socializing the Unites States: Structural Imperatives and Great Power Status 5. Socializing Israel: Emergence to Major Member 6. Conclusion