cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations on the precipitation test for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

In a recent report dealing with an evaluation of the precipitation test of Jones and Thompson for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, we observed that the beta globulin fraction of a serum contained some component that caused a false-positive reaction to occur when that serum was treated with p-toluene sulfonic acid. I t was definitely determined that the patient from whom the serum was taken did not have systemic lupus erythematosus. Friou,' in adapting immunologic studies of Masouredis to the study of lupus erythematosus (L.E.), has contended that the site of the lupus erythematosus antibody factor is in the gamma globulin fraction of the serum. Because our initial observation was based on findings from only 1 serum that yielded a false-positive L.E. precipitation test, we extended our project to include electrophoretic studies on the other 22 serums that also yielded false-positive reactions. In this way we hoped to determine whether or not there were protein fractions other than the beta globulin which might be associated with the false-positive reaction.
A New Templating Route to Ordered Mesoporous Materials

A new templating route to ordered mesoporous materials is demonstrated based on hydrogen bonding interactions and self-assembly between neutral primary amine surfactants (S°) and neutral inorganic precursors (1°). The S° I° templating pathway affords ordered mesoporous materials with thicker framework walls, smaller X-ray scattering domain sizes, and substantial textural mesoporosities in comparison to MCM-41 materials templated with quaternary ammonium cations. This synthetic strategy also allows for the facile, environmentally benign recovery of the cost-intensive template by simple solvent extraction methods.
Serological Detection of Abnormal Concentrations of Serum Lipoproteins In Dogs on Gholesterol-Thiouracil Atherogenic Diets.

SummaryBy immunizing rabbits with a lipoprotein fraction obtained from the serum of a dog on a cholesterol-thiouracil atherogenic diet, it has been possible to produce immune sera which will detect the abnormally increased concentration of serum lipoproteins in dogs on cholesterol-thiouracil atherogenic diets and which will react with the serum from an atherosclerotic man. Sera of normal dogs tested with this immune serum by the precipitin technic, consistently show a lipoprotein concentration significantly less than that observed in the case of dogs on the atherogenic dietary regimen. Sera from three men in whom no vascular disease had been detected, did not react with the immune rabbit sera.
Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators : I. Central and Southern High Plains

Appropriate indicators for assessing soil quality on a regional scale using the National Resource Inventory (NRI) are unknown. Our objectives were to (i) identify soil quality factors present at a regional scale, (ii) determine which factors vary significantly with land use, and (iii) select soil attributes within these factors that can be used as soil quality indicators for regional-scale assessment. Ascalon (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Argiustoll) and Amarillo (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustalf) soils were sampled from a statistically representative subset of NRI sample points within the Central and Southern High Plains Major Land Resource Areas (MLRA) and analyzed for 20 soil attributes. Factor analysis was used to identify soil quality factors, and discriminant analysis was used to identify the factors and indicators most sensitive to land use within each MLRA. In the Central High Plains, five soil quality factors were identified, with the organic matter and color factors varying significantly with land use. Discriminant analysis selected total organic C (TOC) and total N as the most sensitive indicators of soil quality at a regional scale. In the Southern High Plains, six factors were identified, with water stable aggregate (WSA) content, TOC, and soil salinity varying significantly with land use. Discriminant analysis selected TOC and WSA content as the most sensitive indicators of soil quality in the Southern High Plains. Total organic C was the only indicator that consistently showed significant differences between land uses in both regions.
Toward a procedure for data mining proofs

In this paper, we report results of an experiment to use the mutual information criterion to automatically select formulas to guide the search for proofs using McCune's Prover9 system. The formulas were selected from the TPTP library of problems for theorem-provers.
Picturing Adelante: Latino Youth Participate in CBPR Using Place-Based Photovoice

We applied Photovoice, an innovative methodology, in order to enhance participation by Latino youth living in Langley Park, MD in community-based participatory research (CBPR) and in the ongoing Ad...
Epilogue: Underworld of Shadows

Inmate habilitation through Shakespeare performance is an evidence-based success, realized by creative arts practitioners who have helped their actors reanimate the themes, tropes, and representational modes of the early modern theater. The epilogue puts this achievement in perspective by considering another use of theater, in this instance not used to heal but to deny the truth of its historical moment. In his brilliant novel, Mephisto, Klaus Mann tells the story of fictional character Hendrik Hofgen, who becomes director of Hermann Goring’s National Socialist Theater. Showing us how character roles in Shakespeare were assembled as a rhetorical contrivance, the example of Hofgen’s “celebrified” acting in the years leading up to World War II reminds us, one last time, of the altogether different approach to playing Shakespeare taken by SBB inmate actors, who imaginatively and poetically inhabit the roles they are “called” to play.
Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of reviewSleep plays many roles in maintenance of cardiovascular health. This review summarizes the literature across several areas of sleep and sleep disorders in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk factors.Recent findingsInsufficient sleep duration is prevalent in the population and i
Understanding the Wine Judges and Evaluating the Consistency Through White-Box Classification Algorithms

Wine is a broad field of study and is more and more popular today. However, limited amounts of data science and data mining research are applied on this topic to benefit wine producers, distributors, and consumers. According to the American Association of Wine Economics, “Who is a reliable wine judge?” and “Are wine judges consistent?” are typical questions that beg for formal statistical answers.
Effects of internal circulation and particle mobility during nanofluid droplet evaporation

Abstract The effect of internal circulation on evaporation of fluid droplets containing nano-sized particles is analytically investigated, where internal circulation is caused by viscous effects at the liquid–gas interface in the convective environment. The competing time scales of liquid diffusion, convection, and particle diffusion are first analyzed as influenced by gas phase velocity, relative viscosities of gas and liquid phases, and the droplet size. The results reveal the importance of internal recirculation for droplets of practical sizes. To demonstrate the role of internal circulation plays on particle distribution and shell formation during the evaporation process, a symmetric Hill vortex and strong circulation are assumed for solving a one-dimensional governing equation, which to yield (i) the particle redistribution during the evaporation process, (ii) the time and the size upon shell formation (i.e., the end of the first-stage evaporation/drying) due to inclusion of particles at the droplet surface, and (iii) internal particle distribution that forecast possible morphologies of particle aggregates once the drying process is complete. These results are found to be dependent upon (a) the relative time scales of liquid diffusion and particle mobility (the effect of Lewis number, Le ), and (b) the relative importance or evaporation rate ( K ) and particle mobility (the effect of Peclet number, Pe ). Comparisons with previous results without internal circulation are made, as related to the time for shell formation and possible morphologies. Such comparisons reveal some distinctly different, and surprising, phenomena during and at the end of the first-stage evaporation.
Promiscuous activity of the LXR antagonist GSK2033 in a mouse model of fatty liver disease

The liver X receptor (LXR) functions as a receptor for oxysterols and plays a critical role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. We recently described a synthetic LXR inverse agonist that displayed efficacy in treatment of hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This compound, SR9238, was designed to display liver specificity so as to avoid potential detrimental effects on reverse cholesterol transport in peripheral tissues. Here, we examined the effects of a LXR antagonist/inverse agonist, GSK2033, which displays systemic exposure. Although GSK2033 performed as expected in cell-based models as a LXR inverse agonist, it displayed unexpected activity in the mouse NAFLD model. The expression of lipogenic enzyme genes such as fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory binding protein 1c were induced rather than suppressed and no effect on hepatic steatosis was found. Further characterization of the specificity of GSK2033 revealed that it displayed a significant degree of promiscuity, targeting a number of other nuclear receptors that could clearly alter hepatic gene expression.
NEUTRON REPULSION - POWERS BEYOND THE DREAMS OF SCIENTIFIC FICTION

The purpose of this review is to share experimental evidence of neutron repulsion with others - and to show graphically why elusive neutron repulsion was overlooked as the likely source of “powers beyond the dreams of scientific fiction” in the development of nuclear energy - before neutron repulsion is presented for public discussion at the London GeoEthics Conference on Climate Changeon September 8-9, 2016. Aston first suggested atomic “powers beyond the dreams of scientific fiction” in the last paragraph of his 1922 Nobel Lecture, ten year before the neutron was discovered in 1932. Aston’s expression of nuclear “packing fraction” was largely replaced in nuclear science textbooks after 1935 by thecunningconcept of nuclear “binding energy,” based on the neutron-proton model of the atomic nucleus. When Aston repeated his Nobel Lecture at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1936, a talented 19-year-old student apparently recognized the discrepancy between measured “packing fraction” and calculated “binding energy.”Soon after neutron-induced fission of uranium was first reported in early 1939, other scientists independently reported numbers of secondary neutronsreleased during fission that might induce aself-sustaining chain of nuclear reactions. This became the basis for nuclear secrets and atomic bomb production during WWII. Three-dimensional plots of precise atomic rest mass data from Brookhaven National Laboratory revealed neutron repulsion as apowerful, short-range nuclear force in 2000. Neutron repulsion was later identified as the trigger for neutron-emission from pulsar cores of ordinary stars, like the Sun, and the primary source of solar energy.
Examining young children’s envisionment building responses to postmodern picturebooks

The purpose of this study was to examine how young children and their teacher constructed literary meaning through engagement with postmodern picturebooks. We framed our enquiry around Langer’s Envisionment Building theory and specifically examined how young children formed meaning as they moved through Langer’s five stances during and after text encounters. We draw special attention to the dialogic nature of transactions around texts, children’s understandings and appropriation of postmodern picturebook metafictive devices, and the ways in which they hybridize personal experiences with intertextual storyworlds. Our enquiry illuminates how young children and their teacher, having engaged with postmodern picturebooks, readily took up the work of envisionment building to construct novel and complex understandings and ‘go beyond’. Our research further exemplifies how the multifaceted nature of postmodern picturebooks provides rich opportunities for young children to negotiate diverse textual features and res...
Discovery-Synthesis, Design, and Prediction of Chalcogenide Phases

The discovery of new materials and their efficient syntheses is a fundamental goal of chemistry. A related objective is to identify foundational and rational approaches to enhance the art of synthesis by combining the exquisite predictability of organic synthesis with the high yields of solid-state chemistry. In contrast to so-called solid-state methods, inorganic syntheses in liquid fluxes permit bond formation, framework assembly, and crystallization at lower temperatures because of facile diffusion and chemical reactions with and within the flux itself. The fluxes are bona fide solvents similar to conventional organic or aqueous solvents. Such reactions can produce a wide range of materials, often metastable, from oxides to intermetallics, but typically the formation mechanisms are poorly understood. This article discusses how one can design, perform, observe, understand, and engineer the formation of compounds from inorganic melts. The focus is also design concepts such as "dimensional reduction", "phase homologies", and "panoramic synthesis", and their broad applicability. When well-defined building blocks are present and stable in the reaction, prospects for increased structural diversity and product control increase substantially. Common structural motifs within these materials systems may be related to structural precursors in the melt that may be controlled by tuning reaction conditions and composition. Stabilization of a particular building block is often accomplished with tuning of the flux composition, which controls the Lewis basicity and redox potential. In such tunable and dynamic fluxes, the synthesis can be directed toward new materials. Using complementary techniques of in situ X-ray diffraction, we can create time-dependent maps of reaction space and probe the mobile species present in melts. Certain thoughts toward the ultimate goal of targeted materials synthesis by controlling inorganic melt chemistry are discussed.
Evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic patients.

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging classification is commonly used for staging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This system assumes the coexistence of cirrhosis; however, a significant...
Exploring the item features of a science assessment with complex tasks

Abstract Item explanatory models have the potential to provide insight into why certain items are easier or more difficult than others. Through the selection of pertinent item features, one can gather validity evidence for the assessment if construct-related item characteristics are chosen. This is especially important when designing assessment tasks that address new standards. Using data from the Learning Progressions in Middle School Science Instruction and Assessment (LPS) project, this paper adopts an “item explanatory” approach and investigates whether certain item features can explain differences in item difficulties by applying an extension of the linear logistic test model. Specifically, this paper explores the effects of five features on item difficulty: type (argumentation, content, embedded content), scenario-based context, format (multiple-choice or open-ended), graphics, and academic vocabulary. Interactions between some of these features were also investigated. With the exception of context, all features had a statistically significant effect on difficulty.
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) by Macamides.

The pentane extract of the Peruvian plant, Lepidium meyenii (Maca), has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective activity in previous in vitro and in vivo studies (Pino-Figueroa et al. in Ann N Y Acad Sci 1199:77–85, 2010; Pino-Figueroa et al. in Am J Neuroprot Neuroregener 3:87–92, 2011). This extract contains a number of macamides that may act on the endocannabinoid system (Pino-Figueroa et al. in Ann N Y Acad Sci 1199:77–85, 2010; Pino-Figueroa et al., 2011; Dini et al. in Food Chem 49:347–349, 1994). The aim of this study was to characterize the inhibitory activity of four of these maccamides (N-benzylstearamide, N-benzyloleamide, N-benzyloctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienamide, and N-benzyloctadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienamide) on fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme that is responsible for endocannabinoid degradation in the nervous system (Kumar et al. in Anaesthesia 56:1059–1068, 2001). The four compounds were tested at concentrations between 1 and 100 μM, utilizing an FAAH inhibitor screening assay. The results demonstrated concentration-dependent FAAH inhibitory activities for the four macamides tested. N-Benzyloctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienamide demonstrated the highest FAAH inhibitory activity whereas N-benzylstearamide had the lowest inhibitory activity. In addition, N-benzylstearamide, N-benzyloleamide, and N-benzyloctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienamide demonstrated time-dependent inhibition when tested after a pre-incubation period, indicating that the mechanism of inhibition for these compounds most likely is irreversible. Of interest, unsaturation in the fatty acid moiety resulted in greater FAAH inhibitory activity. LC/MS/MS analysis demonstrated that FAAH was able to hydrolyze N-benzyloctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienamide, suggesting that N-benzyloctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienamide is also a slow substrate for FAAH. These results provide useful information about the mechanism of action of Lepidium meyenii and may help with the development of new compounds with FAAH inhibitory or modulatory activity.
The SVD, Eigenproblem, and Invariant Subspaces: Algorithms

These papers form a sample of Stewart’s work on algorithms for the eigenvalue problem, in particular computing selected invariant subspaces and corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of both Hermitian and non-Hermitian matrices. We also include some contributions to the SVD. Algorithms for the generalized nonsymmetric eigenproblem, in particular the QZ algorithm, are discussed in Sect. 9.2.
Combined anatomy and physiology on coronary computed tomography angiography: a step or two in the right direction.

It is widely recognized that the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for assessment of coronary stenosis found to have no obstructive disease is too high. Ideally, noninvasive imaging testing could accurately identify the patient in need of treatment of coronary
Evaluation of microbial, physicochemical parameters and flavor of blueberry juice after microchip-pulsed electric field

Abstract The effect of microchip-pulsed electric field (MPEF) and high temperature short time sterilization (HTST) technologies on microbiological, physicochemical properties and flavor of freshly squeezed blueberry juice were compared. Under the MPEF treatment at 350 V, total plate count, total yeast and molds were completely inactivated, meanwhile, Vitamin C, anthocyanin, total phenols, titratable acid and color had no significantly changes. During storage of 30 days at 4 °C, Vitamin C decreased by 11.52% and 26.78% after MPEF and HTST treatments, all treated juices showed to be microbiologically safe, whereas MPEF can protect nutritionally related properties and color of blueberry juice samples more efficiently. Besides, relatively small changes of juice in odor, taste and volatile compounds concentration was observed by MPEF treatment. Hence, application of MPEF may be an ideal alternative treatment to HTST processing in order to ensure longer shelf life, higher functional and nutritional values of blueberry juice.
Thermoelectrics: Physical Mechanisms

Direct energy conversion from thermal to electrical energy, based on thermoelectric effect, is attractive for potential applications in waste heat recovery and environmentally friendly refrigeration. The energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric devices is related to the thermoelectric Figure of Merit ZT, which is proportional to the electrical conductivity, the square of the Seebeck coefficient, temperature, and the inverse of the thermal conductivity. Currently, the low ZT values of available materials restrict the large-scale applications of this technology. Recently, however, significant enhancements in ZT have been reported in nanostructures such as superlattices mainly due to their low thermal conductivities. According to the studies on heat transfer mechanisms in nanostructures, the reduced thermal conductivity of nanostructures is mainly attributed to the increased scattering of phonons at the interfaces. Based on this idea, nanocomposites are also expected to have a lower thermal conductivity than their bulk counterparts of the same chemical configuration. Nanocomposites are materials with dimensions of less than 100 nm. They can be fabricated at low cost by mixing nano-sized particles followed by consolidation of nano-sized powders.
Dark-to-Arc Transition in Air for Planar Electrodes with Microscale Gaps *

Electrical breakdown at threshold voltages predicted by Paschen's law occurs due to electron avalanches created by electron impact ionization and secondary electron emission from the electrodes. For a typical gas discharge, breakdown marks the end of the Townsend dark discharge regime and is followed by the normal glow regime where the current stays constant over a long range of voltages. For such a discharge, the electrode sheath is sustained by secondary electrons and the sheath thickness corresponds to the electrode gap at Stoletov's point for a given gas pressure 1. At microscale electrode gaps, quantum tunneling of electrons from the cathode, termed field emission, becomes significant thereby reducing the breakdown voltage. This follows the modified Paschen curve 2. However, breakdown in some configurations, namely planar electrodes, is not followed by the normal glow regime, but transitions directly into the arc regime where the current spikes to high values 3.
Small Bowel Perforation

Non-traumatic perforation of the small bowel is a relatively rare occurrence. It requires prompt diagnosis and operative management to minimize morbidity and mortality. The etiology of small bowel perforations varies widely and can have a significant impact on management strategies. Clinicians that manage these patients should be aware of the diverse etiologies of small bowel perforation as they impact operative techniques, intraoperative care, postoperative management, and prognosis.
The Development of an IoT Instrumented Bike: for Assessment of Road and Bike Trail Conditions

The purpose of this paper is to present a method to detect bike trail conditions while displaying real-time data on a mobile application. Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit, microprocessor and multiple accelerometers built on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), the entire device employs real-time data to collect, analyze, and identify bumps and cracks in public infrastructure. The main purpose of this research is aimed at helping the government evaluate the severity of road conditions to better assist in strategic decision making about maintaining or repairing damaged infrastructural areas as well as to notify pedestrians of potential bumps or cracks along their route. The authors propose an algorithm that sets a window range to vertically process the raw accelerometer data to accurately distinguish bumps. By integrating this algorithm onto a mobile application, the data collected by this program can be shared between users to help avoid potential risks or dangerous road conditions and to assist in the evaluation of infrastructural deterioration.
Neuroethics of the Nonhuman.

The Emerging Issues Task Force (Kellmeyer et al. 2019) identifies several important trends and concerns that neuroethics will encounter and grapple with in the coming decades. Among these are ethic...
Farmwomen in the academy: rurality and leadership in higher education

ABSTRACTUsing collective biography, this paper examines the ways that rural identity mediates the leadership of two women working as administrators in higher education in the United States. We, the...
Foreign Intervention in Africa after the Cold War: Sovereignty, Responsibility, and the War on Terror: by Elizabeth Schmidt, Athens, Ohio University Press, 2018, xxiv + 462 pp.

In this rich text, Elizabeth Schmidt builds upon her earlier work on foreign political and military intervention in Africa during the eras of decolonization and the Cold War (Schmidt 2013), to demo...
Photoactivated Gold Nanorod Hydrogel Composite Containing d-Amino Acids for the Complete Eradication of Bacterial Biofilms on Metal Alloy Implant Materials

Bacterial biofilms associated with orthopedic implants are notorious cell associations of pathogens that show resistance against antibiotic medications and the host immune response. The presence of...
Calm energy accounting for multithreaded Java applications

Energy accounting is a fundamental problem in energy management, defined as attributing global energy consumption to individual components of interest. In this paper, we take on this problem at the application level, where the components for accounting are application logical units, such as methods, classes, and packages. Given a Java application, our novel runtime system Chappie produces an energy footprint, i.e., the relative energy consumption of all programming abstraction units within the application. The design of Chappie is unique in several dimensions. First, relative to targeted energy profiling where the profiler determines the energy consumption of a pre-defined application logical unit, e.g., a specific method, Chappie is total: the energy footprint encompasses all methods within an application. Second, Chappie is concurrency-aware: energy attribution is fully aware of the multi-threaded behavior of Java applications, including JVM bookkeeping threads. Third, Chappie is an embodiment of a novel philosophy for application-level energy accounting and profiling, which states that the accounting run should preserve the temporal phased power behavior of the application, and the spatial power distribution among the underlying hardware system. We term this important property as calmness. Against state-of-the-art DaCapo benchmarks, we show that the energy footprint generated by Chappie is precise while incurring negligible overhead. In addition, all results are produced with a high degree of calmness.
Poder y representación en las fiestas efímeras: la entrada triunfal en potosí del virrey-arzobispo morcillo

En este estudio se propone el analisis de determinados artefactos iconograficos, que se erigen con motivo de celebrar la entrada triunfal del recien nombrado virrey interino arzobispo don Diego de Morcillo y Aunon, a la Villa Rica del Cerro de Potosi, de paso rumbo a Lima. Tales artefactos, los magnificos arcos triunfales, mascaradas, una loa y hasta un cuadro al oleo, comisionado a Melchor Perez de Holguin, se disenan con antelacion; el objetivo es exaltar la figura del virrey, plasmando las figuras emblematicas acostumbradas. Se propone la lectura de algunos aspectos del programa iconografico producido en torno a la figura de Morcillo, con el objeto de dilucidar rasgos locales y de la agencia criolla en Potosi, desplegada cuidadosamente en estos emblemas.
Deep Inverse Design of Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for Future Communications

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have recently received significant attention as building blocks for smart radio environments and adaptable wireless channels. By altering the space- and time-varying electromagnetic (EM) properties, the RIS transforms the inherently stochastic nature of the wireless environment into a programmable propagation channel. Conventionally, designing RIS to yield the desired EM response requires trial-and-error by iteratively investigating a large possibility of various geometries and materials through thousands of full-wave EM simulations. In this context, deep learning (DL) techniques are proving critical in reducing the computational cost and time of RIS inverse design. Instead of explicitly solving Maxwell's equations, DL models learn physics-based relationships through supervised training data. Further, generative adversarial networks are shown to synthesize novel RIS designs not previously seen in the literature. This article provides a synopsis of DL techniques for inverse RIS design and optimization to yield targeted EM response necessary for future wireless networks.
Optimal Sample Allocation for Three-Level Multisite Cluster- Randomized Trials

Optimal sampling frameworks attempt to identify the most efficient sampling plans to achieve an adequate statistical power. Although such calculations are theoretical in nature, they are critical t...
Excess dietary carbohydrate affects mitochondrial integrity as observed in brown adipose tissue.

Summary Hyperglycemia affects over 400 million individuals worldwide. The detrimental health effects are well studied at the tissue level, but the in vivo effects at the organelle level are poorly understood. To establish such an in vivo model, we used mice lacking TXNIP, a negative regulator of glucose uptake. Examining mitochondrial function in brown adipose tissue, we find that TXNIP KO mice have a lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in their membrane lipids, which affects mitochondrial integrity and electron transport chain efficiency and ultimately results in lower mitochondrial heat output. This phenotype can be rescued by a ketogenic diet, confirming the usefulness of this model and highlighting one facet of early cellular damage caused by excess glucose influx.
Combining Fixed-Location Count Data and Movement Data to Estimate Abundance of a Lake Sturgeon Spawning Run: A Framework for Riverine Migratory Species

Estimating abundance of migrating fishes is challenging. While sonars can be deployed continuously, improper assumptions about unidirectional migration and complete spatial coverage can lead to ina...
Ethics and Enjoyment in Late Medieval Poetry: Love after Aristotle

Jessica Rosenfeld provides a history of the ethics of medieval vernacular love poetry by tracing its engagement with the late medieval reception of Aristotle. Beginning with a history of the idea of enjoyment from Plato to Peter Abelard and the troubadours, the book then presents a literary and philosophical history of the medieval ethics of love, centered on the legacy of the Roman de la Rose. The chapters reveal that 'courtly love' was scarcely confined to what is often characterized as an ethic of sacrifice and deferral, but also engaged with Aristotelian ideas about pleasure and earthly happiness. Readings of Machaut, Froissart, Chaucer, Dante, Deguileville and Langland show that poets were often markedly aware of the overlapping ethical languages of philosophy and erotic poetry. The study's conclusion places medieval poetry and philosophy in the context of psychoanalytic ethics, and argues for a re-evaluation of Lacan's ideas about courtly love.
Prelude to the Interferon System

The Interferon System has now been actively explored for 21 years since Alick Isaacs discovered it, and research on the System seems to have matured with the normal amount of growing pains and struggle for recognition. Ten years ago, Jan Vilcek (1969) concluded his Monograph on Interferon with a reflection by a fellow scientist’s teasing “do you really think interferon exists?” It now appears that it does.
Garp: Graph Abstractions for Concurrent Programming

Several research projects are investigating parallel processing languages where dynamic process topologies can be constructed. Failure to impose abstractions on interprocess connection patterns can result in arbitrary interconnection topologies that are difficult to understand. We propose the use of a graph-grammar based formalism to control the complexities arising from trying to program such dynamic networks.
Modeling human education data: from equation-based modeling to agent-based modeling

Agent-based simulation is increasingly used to analyze the performance of complex systems. In this paper we describe results of our work on one specific agent-based model, showing how it can be validated against the equation-based model from which it was derived, and demonstrating the extent to which it can be used to derive additional results over and above those that the equation-based model can provide. The agent-based model that we build deals with human capital, the number of years of formal schooling that an individual chooses to undertake. For verification, we show that our agent-based model makes similar predictions about the growth in inequality - that is the growth of the variance in human capital across the population - as th equation-based model from which it is derived. In addition, we show that our model can make predictions about the change in human capital from generation to generation that are beyond the equation-based model.
Adaptation of plaque assay methods to the in vitro quantitation of the radiation leukemia virus.

Abstract A modification of the XC cell procedure for murine leukemia virus assay which yields quantitative data over a wide range of virus concentrations is described. By using serial passage of infected cell cultures and reversal of the plating sequence in the XC procedure, titers of radiation leukemia virus (RadLV) were obtained which were about 10-fold higher than those found by using the conventional assay. By using the modified procedure, it was observed that, even at high multiplicities of infection, less than 10% of the cells function as infective centers, although the proportion increases with serial passage. It was also observed that exposure of infected cells to UV light, which is commonly used to make plaques more visible in the conventional XC cell test, inhibits plaque formation in the RadLV system. Substitution of X irradiation for UV exposure improved plaque visibility without loss of sensitivity.
Nobelity and novelty: Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott’s contributions viewed from Vienna

The awarding of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2004 to Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott represents an opportunity to evaluate their contributions in light of Austrian economics. We lay out the basics of their contributions—the general equilibrium approach to economic fluctuations and the game theoretic approach to policy—and argue that they have tenets similar to those of Austrianism. We argue that their methodology parallels Austrian methodology in several significant ways that have gone unnoticed. We conclude that Kydland and Prescott’s Nobel Prize suggests Austrian approaches can have a more prominent impact than they have had in the past.
Biomechanics and modelling of bipedal climbing and descending

Abstract This paper treats the dynamics and synthesis of bipedal locomotion for the tasks of climbing and descending (and level walking briefly, for completeness). Most normal tasks can be constructed of segments of these. Results are presented and discussed based on modelling, stability and controllability and synthesis techniques which can be applied to an arbitrary task or terrain and which provide stable ‘non-unique’ gaits, i.e. no additional locomotion criterion is required, although one could be superimposed if ‘optimality’ is sought. The approach is aided by implementation of a new symbolic model. Using a common locomotion algorithm and varying the coefficients and initial conditions. a fairly wide range of gaits is possible. It is found that the swing phase take-off configuration is a major determinant of gait characteristics. Of the ‘normal’ gaits obtained, i.e. similar to human climbing, descending and walking, all have very similar control patterns for the three tasks. Application to prosthesis control systems is indicated. Double-leg support is also discussed.
Internet monitoring of suicide risk in the population

Background Public health statistics are often released too late to affect reversible societal factors affecting suicide. Increasingly, internet search volume is used in epidemiology, but this method has not yet been applied to suicide.
Mineral dust and global tropospheric chemistry: Relative roles of photolysis and heterogeneous uptake

We investigate the influence of mineral dust on tropospheric chemistry in the present climate at the global scale. The analysis examines the effects of dust on photolysis and heterogeneous uptake, operating independently and together. In numerical experiments the size-resolved, time-varying mineral dust distribution predicted by the global Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model perturbs the gas phase species in a global chemical transport model (University of California at Irvine (UCI) CTM). We find that the photolysis perturbation dominates limited regions in the low to middle troposphere, while heterogeneous uptake dominates the rest of atmosphere. Coupling of the photochemical and heterogeneous effects of dust is weak in the global mean but moderate in dusty regions, where coupling is sometimes responsible for more than 20% of local O3 changes. Ozone and odd-nitrogen concentrations are perturbed in opposite directions by photolysis and heterogeneous chemistry, resulting in a weak net change. However, both processes decrease the concentrations of OH and HO2. The global mean change due to dust is −0.7% for tropospheric O3, −11.1% for OH, −5.2% for HO2, and −3.5% for HNO3. Large seasonal signals are present near dust source regions. Over the North African region and tropical Atlantic Ocean downwind, OH decreases by −66.8%, six times more than the global mean reduction. Interestingly, net photolysis-induced annual mean O3 changes are greater in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere, where significantly more dust and O3 precursors reside. In polar regions, O3 change is dominated by transported O3 and is not sensitive to local dust concentration. O3 change due to photolysis depends not only on dust vertical structure but also on the availability of O3 precursors. O3 change due to heterogeneous reactions on dust is sensitive to dust vertical structure, mainly through the influence of temperature on uptake rates.
Effects of housing and feeding systems on performance of neonatal Holstein bull calves

As the dairy industry continues to grow, more dairy calves are available for dairy, beef, and veal purposes. Rearing systems must be highly efficient to make this industry cost efficient, making the evaluation of rearing methods important to establish the most practical method. A study was designed and conducted to evaluate effects of housing and feeding systems on performance of neonatal Holstein bull calves. Treatments (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) consisted of: 1) individually housed, bottle-fed (n = 5 bull calves); 2) individually housed, bucket-fed (n = 5 bull calves); 3) group-housed, bottle-fed (n = 5 pens; 4 bull calves/pen); and 4) group-housed, bucket- (trough) fed (n = 5 pens; 3 or 4 bull calves/pen). Feeding treatments began on d 7 when calves had been acclimated to their new environment. Body weight measurements were collected every 7 d and blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, 55, and 66 for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration as a gross indicator of ruminal development. No housing × feeding interactions or feeding treatment effects were observed (P > 0.10). Average DMI (dry feed plus milk replacer) was increased (P 0.10) for all treatments. Fecal scores (P > 0.26), CV for BW (P > 0.26), and BHBA concentrations (P > 0.14) showed no differences among treatments. Housing system had greater effect on calf performance compared with milk feeding regimen.
A Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph Survey of Warm Molecular Hydrogen in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

We have conducted a survey of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope, obtaining spectra from 5.0 to 38.5 μm for 77 sources with 0.02 2 Jy. The average warm molecular gas mass is ~2 × 10^8 M_☉. High extinction, inferred from the 9.7 μm silicate absorption depth, is not observed along the line of sight to the molecular gas. The derived H_2 mass does not depend on F_(25 μm)/F_(60 μm), which has been used to infer either starburst or AGN dominance. Similarly, the molecular mass does not scale with the 25 or 60 μm luminosities. In general, the H_2 emission is consistent with an origin in photodissociation regions associated with star formation. We detect the S(0) 28.22 μm emission line in a few ULIRGs. Including this line in the model fits tends to lower the temperature by ~50-100 K, resulting in a significant increase in the gas mass. The presence of a cooler component cannot be ruled out in the remainder of our sample, for which we do not detect the S(0) line. The measured S(7) 5.51 μm line fluxes in six ULIRGs implies ~3 × 10^6 M_☉ of hot (~1400 K) H_2. The warm gas mass is typically less than 1% of the cold gas mass derived from ^(12)CO observations.
Interpersonal mood induction: Situational and individual determinants

Several situational and individual aspects of interpersonal mood induction were investigated in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which depressed mood is “transmitted” from one individual to another. Eighty-four psychology students interacted with confederates previously trained to enact one of three mood states — depressed, neutral, or elated. Participants were randomly assigned to same-sex confederates in one of two roles — helper or stranger, resulting in a 3×2×2 design. Mood and self-esteem were independent variables assessed prior to the interaction. Mood, perceptions, and reactions to the confederate were dependent variables assessed following the interaction. Results indicated induction of depression and anxiety in participants exposed to “depressed” confederates, and induction of hostility following interaction with “elated” confederates. Induction of depression and hostility were significantly attenuated in participants in the helper role as opposed to person perception role, while the concept of individual vulnerability to mood induction was not supported in this study. Rejection of depressed persons was only modestly associated with negative mood induction. Thus, role components of the situation affected mood induction more than did individual participant differences. The results and their implications for therapists and family members of depressed individuals are discussed within the framework of Lazarus's cognitive model of emotional arousal.
Optimal precipitate shapes in nickel-base γ–γ′ alloys

Abstract Precipitate shapes in nickel-base superalloys vary substantially with alloy composition, partitioning of elements to the disordered gamma matrix and the ordered gamma prime precipitates and the degree of coarsening during elevated temperature exposures. These shapes, which vary from spherical to cuboidal to rod-like, have typically not been quantified in Ni-base alloys containing relatively high γ′ volume fractions, in spite of their importance to mechanical properties. Precipitate shapes in a series of new platinum group metal (PGM)-containing Ni-base alloys have been quantified by their two-dimensional moment invariants. Precipitate morphologies were characterized in a total of 17 PGM-containing alloys in the solution treated and aged condition. The average γ′ volume fraction was measured as 0.60, typical of highly creep resistant Ni-base alloys. PGM additions resulted in an unusually large range of precipitate shapes. Precipitate morphologies were quantitatively analyzed using a shape parameter derived from the absolute moment invariant. For the compositions examined, the shape parameter reaches a maximum value at a precipitate–matrix misfit magnitude of 0.4%. A large set of commercial single crystals exhibits the same range in shape parameter values around this misfit magnitude, suggesting that favorable high temperature properties are correlated with an optimum precipitate shape.
Discontinuity in the heat capacity of a normal metal-superconductor bilayer

Abstract The discontinuity in the heat capacity of a clean NS bilayer is calculated using solutions to the Bugoliubov equation. For a superconductor thickness of a coherence length or less Δ C is proportional to the square of the fractional volume of superconducting material. For a superconductor thickness of ∼ 20 coherence lengths or more Δ C is essentially that which would occur with no proximity effect.
Funicular course of catecholamine fibers innervating the lumbar spinal cord of the cat.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the funicular location of descending catecholamine (CA) fibers innervating the lumbar spinal cord from the dorsolateral pons (DLP). The locations of catecholamine-containing cell bodies which project to the lumbar spinal cord were determined by combining the use of the retrogradely transported fluorescent dye, Evans Blue (EB), with the glyoxylic acid histofluorescence technique. Lumbar injections of Evans Blue were combined with thoracic lesions of the dorsolateral funiculi (DLF) or ventrolateral funiculi (VLF) in order to retrogradely label those CA-containing or non-CA-containing cell bodies whose axons descend within the spared hemispinal cord. By this technique it was determined that descending CA fibers innervating the lumbar spinal cord of the cat project through both the DLF and the VLF. The nucleus subcoeruleus, the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and the CA cell bodies in the area of A5 each contain a significant number of CA-containing cells whose fibers descend both within the DLF and the VLF, while the nucleus locus coeruleus projects to the lumbar cord primarily through the VLF. Catecholamine cells of the DLP innervate the lumbar spinal cord bilaterally, although there is an ipsilateral predominance. The CA-containing cells of the DLP which innervate the contralateral spinal cord were shown by ipsilateral or contralateral thoracic hemisection to decussate both above and below the thoracic lesion. Non-CA-containing cells from the DLP also crossed at all levels of the spinal cord; however, cells from the caudal pons had a larger number of cells which crossed above the thoracic lesion while cells of the more rostral pons had a larger number of cells which crossed below the lesion.
Current drag in semiconductor devices

Abstract Electrical currents in semiconductor devices are often carried simultaneously by both electrons and holes. The electron and holes. The electron and hole currents have traditionally been treated as independent, except for recombination phenomena. Simple thermodynamic arguments indicate the possibility that the electrical current of one species may exert a dragging effect upon the other, through their mutual Coulomb interaction. The mutual coupling between current components we have called current drag. We calculate this coupling strength, and show its influence on the operation of a pn diode as an example.
Cadmium forms and plant availability in compost-amended soil

Organic matter amendments to metal-contaminated soil can have an ameliorative effect due to increased surface area and an increase in the number of specific adsorption sites. A greenhouse experiment was conducted where composted biosolids were added at 0, 100, and 300 tons ha− 1 and a Cd salt was added at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg kg− 1 to a Southeastern Piedmont soil. Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown for 42 days and plant weights and cadmium (Cd) content was measured. Soil Cd was extracted according to a sequential fractionation procedure to extract operationally-defined forms of the metal. The CEC of the soil and the organic matter content increased with biosolid additions, but soil pH remained stable. Phytotoxicity was greatly reduced by addition of biosolids, especially at the medium rate of 10 mg kg− 1. Cadmium content of the plants was decreased from 105 to 30 mg kg− 1 by the biosolid additions at the 10 mg Cd kg− 1 rate. The decrease in phytotoxicity and in plant Cd was attributed to a redistribution of ...