cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semantic Enrichment for Local Search Engine using Linked Open Data

Local search engines are a vital part of presence of local businesses on the Internet. Local search engines improvement is an important element to ensure that local businesses can be found by millions of people whom are using web to find services. However, web presence can be disguised or not properly documented. Our approach will improve the effectiveness of local search, and increase the ranking of local businesses. We introduce an approach for enhancing local search engines efficiency in returning more accurate results. Our approach consists of semantically enriching the results of a query using Linked Open Data (LOD) web content. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrated evidence that our approach has a better search with more accurate results.
REVISITING THE CRIMINOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO FETAL TESTOSTERONE: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE 2D:4D DIGIT RATIO†

As criminology has become more interdisciplinary in recent years, biosocial criminology has earned a place at the table. Although this perspective comes in many forms, one important proposition has gained increasing attention: that the 2D:4D finger digit ratio—a purported physical biomarker for exposure to fetal testosterone—is related to criminal, aggressive, and risky/impulsive behavior. Strong claims in the literature have been made for this link even though the findings seem to be inconsistent. To establish the empirical status of this relationship, we subjected this body of work to a meta-analysis. Our multilevel analyses of 660 effect size estimates drawn from 47 studies (14,244 individual cases) indicate a small overall effect size (mean r = .047). Moderator analyses indicate that this effect is rather “general” across methodological specifications—findings that are at odds with theoretical propositions that specify the importance of exposure to fetal testosterone in predicting criminal and analogous behavior later in life. We conclude with a call for exercising caution over embracing the findings from one or two studies and instead highlight the importance of systematically organizing the full body of literature on a topic before making decisions about what does, and what does not, predict criminal and analogous behavior.
Towards optimal model-based partial volume effect correction in oncological PET imaging

Quantification of tumor uptake in nuclear medicine requires the assessment of the tumor size. We propose a method based on simple ellipsoidal models which only require the reconstructed image data and scanner physical parameters. The method uses simple image and system models but is theoretically not sensitive to the reconstructed image sampling, provided that the local resolution parameters of the scanner are known. Interpolation is thus avoided and the degradation model is computed analytically. The proposed method uses the property that the blurring effect of the scanner spreads the activity around the lesion location and in the neighbor-voxels-even for sub-voxel sized lesions-and attempts to use this limited information to accurately restore lesion parameters. We propose solutions to avoid bias and reduce computation time. The uptake of simple simulated tumor objects could be restored and the influence of lesion's shape and neighborhood was investigated on real patient data for which convergence of the algorithm was demonstrated. This approach is a contribution towards in-depth investigation of reconstruction/post-reconstruction-based models for tumor activity restoration based on more complex image and system models.
Exothermicity and oxidation behavior of tight oil with cuttings from the Wolfcamp shale reservoir

ABSTRACTDifferential scanning calorimetry was employed to investigate the effect of shale core on the combustion reactions of tight oil from the Wolfcamp shale reservoir for the air injection process. The results indicated that the shale cuttings show a strong catalytic effect on the tight oil combustion process. It also implies the potential of the Wolfcamp shale reservoir for implementing air injection process. The effect of heating rates on light oil combustion was discussed, and corresponding recommendations were also made.
The Search for the 1871 Whaling Fleet of the Western Arctic: writing the final chapter

During 2015, the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries led a systematic seabed mapping survey along the Arctic coast of Alaska in search of whaling ships abandoned in 1871. The purpose of the expedition was to determine if wreckage from these abandoned ships was still present in the survey area, and, if so, to assess and document its location, status and condition. The project mapped approximately 50 km2 of seabed using sidescan sonar and magnetometry and identified six sites that contained wreckage from at least two whaling ships. Magnetometry data also suggested that additional wreckage may be buried in the seabed.
Vintage Photo, Visual Exegesis, and 1917 Interracial Pentecostalism: Hermeneutical Devices and Historical Maneuvers

David D. Daniels reflects on Pentecostal hermeneutics through the image of a 1917 photograph of early interracial Pentecostal fellowship in the Church of God in Christ. Daniels utilizes the philosopher and social critic Tzvetan Todorov’s hermeneutics of the uncanny, fantastic, and marvelous, and the political and legal theorist Bonnie Honig’s hermeneutic of the miraculous as lenses for understanding how early Pentecostal interracial communities in the United States related to the dominant racial order of the day. Daniels reinterprets the schema of histories of early Pentecostal interracial exchanges, showing how an alternative historical hermeneutic framework might differently illuminate the history of early Pentecostal race relations.
Unsupervised context learning for speech recognition

It has been shown in the literature that automatic speech recognition systems can greatly benefit from contextual information [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Contextual information can be used to simplify the beam search and improve recognition accuracy. Types of useful contextual information can include the name of the application the user is in, the contents of the user's phone screen, the user's location, a certain dialog state, etc. Building a separate language model for each of these types of context is not feasible due to limited resources or limited amounts of training data. In this paper we describe an approach for unsupervised learning of contextual information and automatic building of contextual biasing models. Our approach can be used to build a large number of small contextual models from a limited amount of available unsupervised training data. We describe how n-grams relevant for a particular context are automatically selected as well as how an optimal size of a final contextual model is chosen. Our experimental results show great accuracy improvements for several types of context.
Seasonal Migration of Immature Kemp's Ridley Turtles (Lepidochelys kempii Garman) Along the West Coast of Florida

2) postmigration foraging ranges through Aug. The sixth turtle returned to Waccasassa Bay, east of Cedar Keys, but locational data were insufficient for postmigration analysis. Mean sea surface temperature (SST) used by turtles in Nov. decreased from 23.6 1.9 C during the first 2 weeks to 17.1 1.5 C during the latter 2 weeks, and corresponded to their departure from Cedar Keys. Mean SST used by turtles in Jan. increased from 14.0 1.6 C during the first 2 weeks to 16.6 1.4 C during the latter 2 weeks, and corresponded to the onset of their northward migration. Turtles traveled up to 13–56 km offshore to maximum depths of 15–31 m. Higher proportions of satellite location classes requiring four or more uplinks were obtained during winter months suggesting that turtles spent more time at the surface during their migrations. Further studies are needed to determine possible size-specific differences in depth use and migration patterns, to identify benthic habitats used by Kemp’s ridleys during winter migrations, and to determine what anthropogenic impacts occur within their migratory routes along the Florida coast.
Image Processing For Target Detection Using Data From A Staring Mosaic Ir Sensor In Geosynchronous Orbit

A set of multistage image processing algorithms have been developed to do change detection in image sequence analysis. These algorithms are tailored for the purpose of moving target identification (MTI). The image processing algorithms have been coupled with a simple tracking-detection algorithm. The resulting combination of processing shows very good performance in detecting targets in simulated mosaic IR images with projected probability of false alarm less than one per hundred billion frames and the probability of detection for targets within the model approaching unity.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Impact of Female Empowerment in Advertising (Femvertising)

In recent years, there has been an influx of marketing campaigns that feature female empowerment messaging (“Femvertising”), such as Dove’s “Real Beauty” campaign. While these advertisements are commonly discussed in the media, there is little research evaluating the effectiveness of Femvertising from a marketing perspective. In an online study using a between-subjects experimental design, female participants were randomly exposed to either a traditional television advertisement or Femvertising advertisement for the same brand, and then completed a questionnaire. The analysis found that Femvertising has a positive impact on ad and brand opinions, purchase intentions, and emotional connection to brands.
Participatory Sensing or Sensing of Participation: Privacy Issues with Smartphone Apps Usage.

The convenience and mobility provided by smartphones have made them a preferred mode of conducting many daily activities and various types of applications for these devices have been developed. Apps on a smartphone can be used as a medium for tracking users’ behaviors and collecting personal data about them. The collected data can potentially violate users’ privacy. Many users may acknowledge this but their actions do not support that claim. The seeming inconsistency between professed privacy concerns and the use of smartphone apps may be more a consequence of ignorance rather than irrationality. In this study, an experiment is developed to understand how awareness about the privacy risks associated with the use of smartphone apps would alter the level of the use of apps. Our empirical results support the assertions that awareness significantly increases privacy concerns and reduces inclination to use apps. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Ustilago Maydis Viruses

The viruses of Ustilago maydis are small, icosahedral, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with undivided genomes. They are, like most other members of the family Totiviridae, normally innocuous and passed from cell to cell only by mating and cell division, although they are, inefficiently, infectious to protoplasts. Their genomic dsRNAs encode a single capsid polypeptide and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, at least in one case as a single fusion protein processed by endoproteolytic cleavage. Like most other dsRNA viruses, their particle structure is a T = 1 capsid composed of asymmetric dimers of identical subunits, a unique form of viral assembly. They have multiple satellite dsRNAs, some of which encode secreted polypeptide toxins (killer toxins) that may provide their host cells with a selective advantage. At least one of these toxins is derived from an ancestral nuclear gene and acts by interfering with calcium transport.
Performing replacement in modem pools

We examine a policy for managing modem pools that disconnects users only if not enough modems are available for other users to connect. Managing the modem pool then becomes a replacement problem, similar to buffer cache management (e.g., in virtual memory systems). When a new connection request is received, the system needs to find a user to "replace". In this paper we examine such demand-disconnect schemes using extensive activity data from actual ISPs. We discuss various replacement policies and propose CIRG: a novel replacement algorithm that is well suited for modem pools. In general, the choice of algorithm is significant. A naive algorithm (e.g., one that randomly replaces any user who has been inactive for a while) incurs many tens of percent more "faults" (i.e., disconnections of users who are likely to want to be active again soon) than the LRU algorithm, which, in turn, incurs 10% more faults than CIRG. For good replacement algorithms, the impact can be significant in terms of resource requirements. We show that the same standards of service as a system that does not disconnect idle users can be achieved with up to 13% fewer modems.
Why Do Good People Do Bad Things in Business?: Lessons from Research for Responsible Business Managers

Promoting ethical behavior in business requires an understanding of why and when seemingly good people do unethical things. Research on this issue consists of theoretical models of moral decision-making and empirical studies of the ethical sensitivity, attitudes and behaviors of people in a variety of contexts. These studies reveal that explanations of unethical conduct include considerations of a person’s psychological disposition as well as the circumstances in which they live. They also identify general principles that help explain why individuals might engage in unethical conduct, such as when asked to do so by an authority, when acting in a group, or when there are incentives for misbehavior. This chapter reviews empirical studies conducted over the past 50 years that provide clear lessons relevant to the problem of unethical decision-making in business so that business managers can improve the ethical climate of business and ethical behavior of their employees. While the chapter does not break new ground, the presentation is important because it synthesizes the collective wisdom of scholars in simple language accessible to both scholars and business professionals. This chapter also identifies directions for future research that can enhance and supplement these lessons.
The migration of a broken pin following fixation of the acromioclavicular joint: a case report and review of the literature

The use of smooth and threaded pins for internal fixation is often complicated by component migration, especially when employed about the acromioclavicular joint. A case report of pin breakage with subsequent migration is presented. This phenomenon occurred despite efforts to stabilize the pin corroborating the potential hazards and unpredictability of these implants. A protocol for the management of these devices, before and after component failure, is presented.
A Comparison of the Conservation Acquisition of Mentally Retarded and Nonretarded Children

This paper reports results of a continuing study of the cognitive development of mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded children in which Piagetian conservation training has been the primary investigative tool. I will argue that this complex cognitive training is a particularly useful way to increase our understanding of the similarities and differences between children of normal and subnormal intelligence. I will further suggest that this training may be useful as a diagnostic tool to distinguish children who suffer from retardation from those whose learning disabilities stem from other causes.
Changing the Structure of Sprites Dynamically: A Game Worm

A game Worm is a single player game. The body of the worm in the game consists of multiple body units. The number of body units and their moving directions are dynamically changed when the game Worm is in execution. It requires a special data structure “circular array” to store the body units of the worm and to synchronize the changing of its moving direction. Furthermore, another auto-animated worm is added to compete with the player-controlled worm, and several extensions are proposed for raising the complexity of the game.
Mining heterogeneous network for drug repositioning using phenotypic information extracted from social media and pharmaceutical databases.

Abstract Drug repositioning has drawn significant attention for drug development in pharmaceutical research and industry, because of its advantages in cost and time compared with the de novo drug development. The availability of biomedical databases and online health-related information, as well as the high-performance computing, empowers the development of computational drug repositioning methods. In this work, we developed a systematic approach that identifies repositioning drugs based on heterogeneous network mining using both pharmaceutical databases (PharmGKB and SIDER) and online health community (MedHelp). By utilizing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as the intermediate, we constructed a heterogeneous health network containing drugs, diseases, and ADRs, and developed path-based heterogeneous network mining approaches for drug repositioning. Additionally, we investigated on how the data sources affect the performance on drug repositioning. Experiment results showed that combining both PharmKGB and MedHelp identified 479 repositioning drugs, which are more than the repositioning drugs discovered by other alternatives. In addition, 31% of the 479 of the discovered repositioning drugs were supported by evidence from PubMed.
Various Phenotypic Expressions of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve

The phenotypic expressions of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are unpredictable and difficult to compartmentalize. In the modern era, BAV has been reported to account for approximately 50% of the cases with severe aortic stenosis requiring surgery and has also been associated with aortic regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis, and aortic dissection. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool used to identify BAV. The clinical associations and high prevalence rate of BAV have added to the importance of this clinical inquiry. The present study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges associated with BAV, as well as the current knowledge on this complex entity.
Kapitza Resistance at the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Interface

Thermal resistance at interfaces in high electron mobility transistors (such as GaN-based devices) presents a significant problem. Recent investigations report much greater thermal resistance between GaN and substrate than theory predicts. However, in devices that leverage a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), such as the interface between Al x Ga (1-x) N and GaN, little exploration has been performed regarding the effect of thermal resistance at the interface where the 2DEG is formed, and there are no experimental reports of the value of interface thermal resistance between Al x Ga (1-x) N and GaN. This work reports interface thermal resistance between Al x Ga (1-x) N and GaN to be 12.8 m2K/GW, and projects the effect of this resistance on temperature buildup in GaN HEMT devices.
The allopregnanolone to progesterone ratio across the menstrual cycle and in menopause.

Abstract The neuroactive steroid 3α-5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (allopregnanolone), a metabolite of progesterone, is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, and low levels have been implicated in the etiology of mood disorders. However, it is not known whether metabolism of progesterone to allopregnanolone varies across the menstrual cycle or is low after menopause. We hypothesized that the allopregnanolone/progesterone ratio would decrease from the follicular to luteal phase. We also hypothesized that postmenopausal women would have lower levels of progesterone and allopregnanolone but similar allopregnanolone/progesterone ratios as premenopausal women in the follicular phase. Serum fasting allopregnanolone and progesterone levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in ten premenopausal women at the follicular, mid-cycle, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and in twenty-four postmenopausal women. Although allopregnanolone and progesterone levels increased from the follicular to luteal phase, the allopregnanolone/progesterone ratio decreased 8-fold [0.33 ± 0.08 (follicular) vs 0.16 ± 0.09 (mid-cycle) vs 0.04 ± 0.007 (luteal), p = 0.0003]. Mean allopregnanolone and progesterone levels were lower in postmenopausal than premenopausal women at all menstrual cycle phases (p
Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy: Endoscopic Techniques

Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is a novel flexible endoscopic procedure initially developed for the treatment of achalasia but has recently gained widespread use for other gastrointestinal motility disorders. Essentially, POEM involves submucosal tunneling in the esophagus to perform myotomy under a protective mucosal flap. The endoscopic techniques and indications for POEM are evolving. This chapter will focus on current endoscopic techniques for POEM and review various approaches for the procedure with emphasis on technical strategies, devices used, and equipment needed.
Estimate the hidden deployment cost of predictive models to improve patient care.

Although examples of algorithms designed to improve healthcare delivery abound, for many, clinical integration will not be achieved. The deployment cost of machine learning models is an underappreciated barrier to success. Experts propose three criteria that, assessed early, could help estimate the deployment cost.
A Rare Case of Duodenal Melanosis: Case Report.

Pseudomelanosis (PM) is a rare condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, described as speckled black pigmentation of intestinal mucosa. It is usually discovered as an incidental finding during endoscopy. Although, etiology of PM is unclear, it has been associated with different medications and systemic diseases such as chronic renal disease and diabetes mellitus. In this report, we describe a case of a 72-year-old male with multiple co-morbidities who presented with epigastric pain, nausea and hematemesis. Subsequently, upper endoscopy performed revealed intestinal PM with no active bleeding. Although considered a benign condition, knowing the existence of PM is important to exclude other serious conditions with similar endoscopic findings.
Cell type-specific 3D epigenomes in the developing human cortex

Lineage-specific epigenomic changes during human corticogenesis have been difficult to study owing to challenges with sample availability and tissue heterogeneity. For example, previous studies using single-cell RNA sequencing identified at least 9 major cell types and up to 26 distinct subtypes in the dorsal cortex alone1,2. Here we characterize cell-type-specific cis-regulatory chromatin interactions, open chromatin peaks, and transcriptomes for radial glia, intermediate progenitor cells, excitatory neurons, and interneurons isolated from mid-gestational samples of the human cortex. We show that chromatin interactions underlie several aspects of gene regulation, with transposable elements and disease-associated variants enriched at distal interacting regions in a cell-type-specific manner. In addition, promoters with increased levels of chromatin interactivity-termed super-interactive promoters-are enriched for lineage-specific genes, suggesting that interactions at these loci contribute to the fine-tuning of transcription. Finally, we develop CRISPRview, a technique that integrates immunostaining, CRISPR interference, RNAscope, and image analysis to validate cell-type-specific cis-regulatory elements in heterogeneous populations of primary cells. Our findings provide insights into cell-type-specific gene expression patterns in the developing human cortex and advance our understanding of gene regulation and lineage specification during this crucial developmental window.
Elevated White Blood Cell Count Does Not Predict Clostridium difficile Nucleic Acid Testing Results

BACKGROUND An elevated white blood cell count (WBC; >15 000/μL) is an established prognostic marker in patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Small observational studies have suggested that a markedly elevated WBC should prompt consideration of CDI. However, there is limited evidence correlating WBC elevation with the results of C. difficile nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). METHODS Retrospective review of laboratory testing, outcomes, and treatment of 16 568 consecutive patients presenting to 4 hospitals over 4 years with NAAT and WBC testing on the same day. RESULTS No significant relationship between C. difficile NAAT results and concurrent WBC in the inpatient setting was observed. Although an elevated WBC did predict NAAT results in the outpatient and emergency department populations (P 15 000/μL) in CDI was associated with a longer median hospital length of stay (15.5 vs 11.0 days; P < .01), consistent with leukocytosis as a prognostic marker in CDI. NAAT-positive inpatients with elevated WBC were more likely to be treated with metronidazole and/or vancomycin (relative ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3) and die in the hospital (relative ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.3). CONCLUSIONS Although WBC is an important prognostic indicator in patients with CDI, an isolated WBC elevation has low sensitivity and specificity as a predictor of fecal C. difficile NAAT positivity in the inpatient setting. A high or rising WBC in isolation is not a sufficient indication for CDI testing.
Neuroprotective effect and potential of cellular prion protein and its cleavage products for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders part I. a literature review.

Introduction The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is well known for its pathogenic roles in prion diseases, several other neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease), and multiple types of cancer, but the beneficial aspects of PrPC and its cleavage products received much less attention. Areas covered Here the authors will systematically review the literatures on the negative as well as protective aspects of PrPC and its derivatives (especially PrP N-terminal N1 peptide and shed PrP). The authors will dissect the current findings on N1 and shed PrP, including evidence for their neuroprotective effects, the categories of PrPC cleavage, and numerous cleavage enzymes involved. The authors will also discuss the protective effects and therapeutic potentials of PrPC-rich exosomes. The cited articles were obtained from extensive PubMed searches of recent literature, including peer-reviewed original articles and review articles. Expert opinion PrP and its N-terminal fragments have strong neuroprotective activities that should be explored for therapeutics and prophylactics development against prion disease, Alzheimer's disease and a few other neurodegenerative diseases. The strategies to develop PrP-based therapeutics and prophylactics for these neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed in a companion article (Part II).
Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health: Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases.

Physical activity (PA) and exercise are widely recognized as essential components of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention efforts and are emphasized in the health promotion guidelines of numerous professional societies and committees. The protean benefits of PA and exercise extend across the spectrum of CVD, and include the improvement and reduction of risk factors and events for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), cardiometabolic disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. Here, we highlight recent insights into the salutary effects of PA and exercise on the primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD, including their beneficial effects on both traditional and non-traditional risk mediators; exercise "prescriptions" for ASCVD; the role of PA regular exercise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure; and the relationships between, PA, exercise and atrial fibrillation. While our understanding of the relationship between exercise and CVD has evolved considerably, several key questions remain including the association between extreme volumes of exercise and subclinical ASCVD and its risk; high-intensity exercise and resistance (strength) training as complementary modalities to continuous aerobic exercise; and dose- and intensity-dependent associations between exercise and atrial fibrillation. Recent advances in molecular profiling technologies (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have begun to shed light on inter-individual variation in cardiometabolic responses to PA and exercise and may provide new opportunities for clinical prediction in addition to mechanistic insights.
Muscle activity pattern regulates postnatal development of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in normal mice and mice with motor endplate disease

We have studied the relative contributions of muscle activity and nerve- supplied materials to the regulation of AChE molecular forms during postnatal development of muscles in normal mice and in mice with motor endplate disease (med mice). Onset of this hereditary disease causes a progressive failure of evoked release of ACh from the motor neuron, which prevents contraction in muscles such as biceps and soleus. In these innervated but inactive muscles, one can examine the consequences of inactivity on the distribution of AChE forms. In normal mouse biceps the distribution of AChE forms, as shown by sucrose-gradient analysis, change substantially after birth; the most dramatic alteration is an increase in G4 AChE from 15 to 45% of total AChE during the third postnatal week. AChE profiles in normal or med biceps are indistinguishable until 10–12 d after birth, but the changes in distribution of AChE forms does not occur in med biceps nor in normal biceps denervated 2 weeks after birth. In contrast, the distributions of AChE forms in a predominantly slow muscle, the soleus, are similar in med and normal mice both early (10 d) and late (20 d) in the course of the disease, and the distributions are affected little by denervation. The profiles of AChE forms seen in normal soleus at all times studied resembled those seen in newborn biceps or biceps inactivated by denervation or the med disease. We conclude that neither innervation, age-dependent changes intrinsic to muscle, nor muscle activity is sufficient to induce the changes we seen in AChE forms in biceps. These results support the hypothesis that neonatal, inactive, or tonically active muscles produce an intrinsic pattern of AChE molecular forms, and that a phasic pattern of activity induces a postnatal redistribution of the AChE molecular forms expressed by the muscle.
Feedback from the Field: The Challenge of Users in Motion

Feedback from field deployments of machine translation (MT) is instructive but hard to obtain, especially in the case of soldiers deployed in mobile and stressful environments. We first consider the process of acquiring feedback: the difficulty of getting and interpreting it, the kinds of information that have been used in place of or as predictors of direct feedback, and the validity and completeness of that information. We then look at how to better forecast the utility of MT in deployments so that feedback from the field is focused on aspects that can be fixed or enhanced rather than on overall failure or viability of the technology. We draw examples from document and speech translation.
Specific Biochemical Inactivation of Oncogenic Ras Proteins by Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase

Activating mutations of Ras have been implicated in ∼30% of human cancers. In every case, the biochemical consequence of such mutations is to disrupt the GTPase activity of Ras and to render Ras resistant to the actions of GTPase activating proteins. Consequently, oncogenic Ras mutants are “locked” in a GTP-bound active state. We detected a potent activity in Escherichia coli extract that can efficiently convert mutationally activated GTP-bound Ras to the inactive GDP-bound form. Purification of the protein responsible for this activity led to the identification of the enzyme nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk). The human orthologue of Ndk is the NM23 metastasis suppressor, which we found to exhibit a similar activity. Purified Ndk effectively inactivates several of the oncogenic forms of Ras that are seen frequently in human cancers, including RasD12, the most commonly detected Ras mutation. Significantly, Ndk does not detectably affect wild-type Ras or an activated form of the Ras-related Rho GTPase. These results demonstrate that it is possible, through biochemical means, to specifically inactivate oncogenic Ras as a potential therapeutic approach to tumors that harbor Ras mutations. Moreover, the results suggest that the loss of NM23 expression that is commonly observed during tumor progression could lead to increased potency of oncogenic Ras proteins.
Multimedia Mining on Manycore Architectures: The Case for GPUs

Media mining, the extraction of meaningful knowledge from multimedia content, poses significant computational challenges in today's platforms, particularly in real-time scenarios. In this paper, we show how Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) can be leveraged for compute-intensive media mining applications. Furthermore, we propose a parallel implementation of color visual descriptors (color correlograms and color histograms) commonly used in multimedia content analysis on a CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) enabled GPU (the Nvidia GeForce GTX280 GPU). Through the use of shared memory as software managed cache and efficient data partitioning, we reach computation throughputs of over 1.2 Giga Pixels/sec for HSV color histograms and over 100 Mega Pixels/sec for HSV color correlograms. We show that we can achieve better than real time performance and major speedups compared to high-end multicore CPUs and comparable performance on known implementations on the Cell B.E. We also study different trade-offs on the size and complexity of the features and their effect on performance.
Convergence and output MSE of digital frequency-locked loop for wireless communications

The basic digital frequency-locked loop (DFLL) with a quadri-correlator frequency detector is analyzed. Detailed derivations of its convergence characteristic and steady state mean-squared error (MSE) are given for BPSK signaling with known and unknown transmitted symbols. Simulation results for the known symbol case are given, which agree very well with analysis.
Comparisons between the α Chain of Bovine Thyrotropin and the CI Chain of Luteinizing Hormone: COMPOSITIONS OF TRYPTIC PEPTIDES, CYANOGEN BROMIDE FRAGMENTS, AND CARBOHYDRATE MOIETIES

Abstract The tryptic peptides of reduced, S-carboxymethyl CI chain of bovine luteinizing hormone have been isolated by gel filtration and electrophoresis or chromatography on paper. The amino acid compositions of all peptides are identical with those of the α chain of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), whose sequence is described in the preceding communication. Chymotryptic-like cleavages also yielded the same peptides. Large fragments of CI chain, obtained either by cleavage with cyanogen bromide or tryptic hydrolysis of the maleylated, reduced, S-carboxymethyl derivative, were also separated, primarily by gel filtration. Although all these fractions were not completely purified, their compositions agreed well with the corresponding TSH-α fragments and the data demonstrate that the order of the tryptic peptides must be the same in both chains. Some heterogeneity was observed in various preparations of CI chain. A portion of one preparation appeared to lack the amino-terminal dipeptide, Phe-Pro, as does some TSH-α. The composition of another preparation indicated it to contain 1 less residue of phenylalanine than that studied in detail. While complete sequences of the tryptic peptides remain to be determined, the data show that the CI chain and TSH-α must have identical amino acid sequences other than minor heterogeneity or possible inversions or substitutions within the tryptic peptides. The two chains do, however, differ in their carbohydrate composition with a larger amount of mannose in the CI chain of luteinizing hormone most apparent.
History of Computing

This chapter gives an overview of the history of computing science in hardware, software, and networking, covering prehistoric (prior to 1946) computing devices and computing pioneers since the Abacus. The emergency of social and ethical problems in computing is discussed via the history of computer crimes which started with the invention of the computer virus. We also discuss the growth of computing technologies like the Internet, the Web, and advanced mobile computing technologies and the rise of computer crimes. Finally, we introduce the need for computer ethics education as one of the solutions to the growing threat of a cyberspace attack.
Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p44, p42, and p41 in vascular endothelial cells in a soluble CD14-dependent manner. Role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide-induced stimulation of endothelial cells.

Vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury or activation by LPS plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative meningitis and endotoxic shock. EC do not express membrane CD14, but respond to LPS in a soluble CD14-dependent manner. The signal transduction mechanisms involved in LPS-induced EC responses are largely unknown. We used bovine and human brain microvessel EC (BBMEC, and HBMEC) to study LPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation. LPS rapidly induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in BBMEC and HBMEC, which was detectable by 5 to 15 min, reached a maximum by 30 min, and declined by 60 to 90 min. The increase in tyrosine phosphorylation was apparent following stimulation with LPS at 0.1 ng/ml and was dose dependent up to 100 ng/ml. Similar changes in tyrosine phosphorylation were induced by smooth and rough LPS as well as lipid A, but not by the inactive lipid A analogue, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides diphosphoryl lipid A. Pretreatment of EC with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, inhibited LPS-stimulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation and LPS-mediated lactic dehydrogenase release from BBMEC and IL-6 release from HBMEC in a dose-dependent manner. Three proteins with apparent m.w. of 44, 42, and 41 kDa were predominant among the LPS-induced tyrosine phosphoproteins, and they were identified as mitogen-activated protein kinase isoforms ERK1, ERK2, and p38, respectively. LPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in HBMEC and BBMEC was soluble CD14 dependent, since pretreatment of these cells with anti-hCD14 mAb inhibited the LPS-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p44, p42, and p41. Additionally, LPS induced a mobility shift in p44 and p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase isozymes, which was inhibited by herbimycin A pretreatment of the EC. These findings demonstrate for the first time that increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases occur rapidly after LPS stimulation of EC in the presence of soluble CD14. Our data also suggest that a herbimycin-sensitive step, presumably a tyrosine kinase, is involved in mediating LPS-induced human EC activation and IL-6 secretion.
Splenic infarction after splenorenal arterial bypass

Abstract Because of the spleen's extensive collateral circulation, the risk of splenic infarction after splenorenal arterial bypass (SRB) has been considered negligible. We report four patients in whom splenic infarctions developed after SRB. Splenic infarction developed in one patient at the time of SRB, and symptoms of splenic abscess (fever, abdominal pain, and leukocytosis) that proved to be splenic infarctions at laparotomy developed in three patients 2 to 16 days after the operation. Factors possibly contributing to splenic infarction could be determined for three patients. These included interruption of collateral vessels, intraoperative hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and distal splenic artery ligation. Normal Doppler flow was detected in the splenic parenchyma during test occlusions of the splenic artery before SRB in three patients. Our experience suggests that existing collateral circulation may not always sustain splenic viability after SRB, and some patients may not be suitable candidates for this operation. Factors such as adequacy of inflow, splenic artery length, and risk of perioperative hypotension should be considered. (J VASC SURG 1993;17:602-6.)
PM-11DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL GENE TARGETING AND CLONE SCREENING PLATFORM TO ENGINEER COMMON PEDIATRIC GLIOMA MUTATIONS INTO MODEL CELL LINES

The utility of CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting tools to alter endogenous genomic loci has revolutionized biomedical research across numerous disease focus areas, with especially large gains made in the development of disease models. However, the introduction of specific mutations using donor DNA templates can be associated with low yields of single cell clones harboring homozygous versus heterozygous mutations. Conventional clone screening methods can be a labor intensive and expensive process, and thus better approaches are needed to identify cells with the desired genotype(s). In parallel, there is a dearth of human tumor cell model systems for pediatric cancers. To address these needs, we recently designed and validated a platform which utilizes a novel, inducible Cas9 expression system coupled with a high-resolution DNA melt (HRM) analysis protocol to rapidly identify mutant clones. We applied our platform to model several common DIPG mutations, including the Lys27Met missense mutation within histone variant H3.3 (H3F3A), and truncating mutations within protein phosphatase 1D (PPM1D) exon 6. Using our HRM protocol, both heterozygous point mutations in H3F3A, and indels in PPM1D were detectable and grouped distinctly from wild-type samples. These findings were validated using conventional Sanger sequencing and topo cloning, which confirmed that this approach could differentiate between mutant and wild-type clones. Multiple clones were generated in under four weeks using this process-flow. These findings highlight the utility and power of our unique approach to rapidly create engineered mutant cell lines. Our platform likely will become an invaluable tool for the development of better pediatric glioma cell line models in the future.
Mixed-methods design for an objective-based evaluation of a magnet school assistance project

Abstract This article describes and discusses the development and implementation of an evaluation design to assess a magnet assistance project, which integrates a mixed-methods approach into the objective-based evaluation. By combining both quantitative and qualitative methods, this design can address some of the weaknesses of objective-based approach in the process of evaluation. Functions of mixed-methods approach, such as initiation, triangulation, complementarity and development can possibly contribute to improving program progress, avoiding information narrowness and uncovering side effects. The examination of this design also reveals that the mixed-methods approach is not only possible, but more effective, and has higher validity. The mixed-methods is a more useful and accountable approach, which can be used in integration with the traditional objective-based approach to conceive and implement evaluation, especially in program evaluations with broader audiences, longer terms, and more complex goals.
What’s New in Colon and Rectal Surgery

p m p m t a p t H h a w his past year there have been many advances in the field f colon and rectal surgery. Longterm assessment of esablished techniques, critical assessment of newer techiques, and the introduction of newer procedures for ommon disorders have all been published in the past ear. A common theme is evident in the colorectal literture and that is advancement of minimalist techniques nd refinement of current techniques to minimize postperative complications, shorten hospital stay, and imrove quality of life.
Are Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers Distinguishable Based on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Nephropathy?

AbstractDrugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are the cornerstone of therapy for cardiovascular and renal disease because they protect against worsening outcomes in the respective target organs. Recent results from the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) have confirmed that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) confer similar cardioprotection and renoprotection, showing little to no benefit from the combination in cardiovascular disease. It is not yet clear whether one class is superior to another for renoprotection. Whether dual RAAS blockade is more advantageous than single blockade, and in which patients, is also yet to be clearly determined. The Long-Term Impact of RAS Inhibition on Cardiorenal Outcomes (LIRICO) study will compare the cardiorenoprotective effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in patients with albuminuria, and clarify the role of dual blockade. Preliminary...
The St. Leonard’s Storybook Project

(1987). The St. Leonard’s Storybook Project. English in Education: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 3-9.
The butterfly pattern of acute pulmonary edema

Abstract Among the factors causing uneven distribution of pulmonary edema, defective lymph drainage favors the accumulation of edematous fluid in areas of previous disease and scars, both pulmonary and pleural. The medulla and cortex of the lung are structurally different, and there are convincing reasons to assume nonuniformity of ventilation between them. Radiologic evidence shows that the cortex participates in the ventilatory play to a greater extent than the medulla; being readily distensible, it provides probably the greatest part of the ventilatory volume changes at rest. Lymphatic drainage, dependent on movements of the adjacent structures, is greatly promoted in the well ventilated parts, and the poorly moving central parts (medulla) seem to have a sluggish lymph flow. This would explain the frequently encountered preference of pulmonary edema for the central part of the lung or individual lobe. The involved central wet portion is occasionally set off abruptly from the dry cortex, because of the sharp morphologic and functional demarcation between medulla and cortex. The appearance of this demarcation is obviously dependent on factors of ventilation, perfusion, and others. It is, therefore, usually transient in cardiovascular edema.
Pure and Impure or Signs of the Times

Author's summary.— Should we establish some sort of academy or clearing-house for the use of good English and the anglicizing of foreign terms?
Disease-causing mutations in the acidic motif of WNK4 impair the sensitivity of WNK4 kinase to calcium ions.

WNK4 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a Mendelian form disorder featuring hypertension and hyperkalemia. Most of the PHAII-causing mutations are clustered in an acidic motif rich in negatively charged residues. It is unclear, however, whether these mutations affect the kinase activity in any way. In this study, we isolated kinase domain of WNK4 produced by Escherichia coli, and demonstrated its ability to phosphorylate the oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1 (OSR1) and the thiazide-sensitive Na+–Cl− cotransporter (NCC) in vitro. Threonine 48 was identified as the WNK4 phosphorylation site at mouse NCC. The phospho-mimicking T48D mutant of mouse NCC increased its protein abundance and Na+ uptake, and also enhanced the phosphorylation at the N-terminal region of NCC by OSR1. When the acidic motif was included in the WNK4 kinase construct, the kinase activity of WNK4 exhibited sensitivity to Ca2+ ions with the highest activity at Ca2+ concentration around 1 μM using kinase-inactive OSR1 as a substrate. All tested PHAII-causing mutations at the acidic motif exhibited impaired Ca2+ sensitivity. Our results suggest that these PHAII-causing mutations disrupt a Ca2+-sensing mechanism around the acidic motif necessary for the regulation of WNK4 kinase activity by Ca2+ ions.