cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antipredator behavior of spotted cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in response to predators that pose varying risks.

Animals can reduce the risk of being preyed upon by foraging less in the presence of predators. Animals often face a diverse group of predators that vary in their effectiveness at preying upon the animal, and thus pose different potential risks. In laboratory microcosms, we investigated the ability of the spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Barber), a polyphagous herbivore, to accurately recognize dangerous predators versus taxonomically related predators that posed no true risk, and to adjust the intensity of their antipredator behavior accordingly. Spotted cucumber beetles reduced their feeding, and reduced damage to host plants, in the presence of the large wolf spider Hogna helluo (Hentz), which previous experiments identified as the most dangerous predator we examined. Beetles did not significantly alter their feeding rate in the presence of 3 other less-dangerous predators. Laboratory mesocosm studies verified that, indeed, Hogna was the most effective at capturing D. u. howardi in a structurally complex environment more similar to that in the field. Spotted cucumber beetles responded to Hogna, whereas several similar-sized but less-dangerous predators were ignored, suggesting that D. u. howardi may have been able to recognize Hogna specifically. Our results suggest that reduced feeding by herbivores as a strategy to reduce predation risk can allow predators to improve biological control even when actual predation does not occur.
SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYETHYLENE OXIDE-POLYSTYRENE MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMERS.

Multiblock copolymers of hydrophiiic polyethylene oxide and hydrophobic polystyrene were synthesized in order to study the influence of various surface properties on the adsorption of albumin from solution. These model surfaces display microphase separated structure and have the ability to be altered on a molecular scale to change surface characteristics. Compositional changes were shown to influence hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface mobility, domain morphology, albumin adsorption values, binding constants, and adsorbed albumin surface stability. Changes in surface and interfacial energies as measured by Wilhelmy plate contact angle analysis could be correlated to hydrophilic/hydrophobic compositional ratios. In addition, adsorption isotherms, binding constants, and protein surface exchange rates could be similarly correlated to the same compositional trends. Increasing the hydrophilic ratios of the copolymer caused increased surface mobility (increased hysteresis), decreased receding contact angle, decreasing albumin adsorption, decreased binding constants, and increased adsorption protein stability over time. These results are attributed to unique surface behavior induced by the formation of microdomain surface morphology.
Safety of Fluticasone plus Salmeterol in Asthma — Reassuring Data, but No Final Answer

After the introduction of the long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) salmeterol for the treatment of asthma, two large trials — the Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial (SMART),1 which was mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and involved 26,000 patients, and the Serevent Nationwide Surveillance (SNS) trial2 in the United Kingdom, which involved 25,000 patients — showed a higher risk of asthma-related death among patients receiving salmeterol than among those receiving placebo. A second LABA, formoterol, was introduced some years later, and although no such large studies were available for this drug, the aggregate evidence showed that patients taking this drug . . .
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I: A Possible Modulator of Intercellular Communication in the Brain

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is produced by the liver in response to growth hormone (GH), and plays a key mediator in its physiological responses. In addition, IGF-I has also been implicated in a wide variety of trophic and metabolic actions in the peripheral tissues. In recent years it has become evident that the liver, although the major site, is not the sole site of IGF-I synthesis and secretion. In fact, a number of peripheral tissues as well as the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented to locally synthesize this hormone. This has led to the proposal that locally produced IGF-I may exert physiological effects in an autocrine and paracrine fashion.
Magma storage and evolution of the most recent effusive and explosive eruptions from Yellowstone Caldera

Between 70 and 175 ka, over 350 km3 of high-silica rhyolite magma erupted both effusively and explosively from within the Yellowstone Caldera. Phenocrysts in all studied lavas and tuffs are remarkably homogenous at the crystal, eruption, and caldera-scale, and yield QUILF temperatures of 750 ± 25 °C. Phase equilibrium experiments replicate the observed phenocryst assemblage at those temperatures and suggest that the magmas were all stored in the upper crust. Quartz-hosted glass inclusions contain 1.0–2.5 % H2O and 50–600 ppm CO2, but some units are relatively rich in CO2 (300–600 ppm) and some are CO2-poor (50–200 ppm). The CO2-rich magmas were stored at 90–150 MPa and contained a fluid that was 60–75 mol% CO2. CO2-poor magmas were stored at 50–70 MPa, with a more H2O-rich fluid ( $$X_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$ = 40–60 %). Storage pressures and volatiles do not correlate with eruption age, volume, or style. Trace-element contents in glass inclusions and host matrix glass preserve a systematic evolution produced by crystal fractionation, estimated to range from 36 ± 12 to 52 ± 12 wt%. Because the erupted products contain <10 wt% crystals, crystal-poor melts likely separated from evolving crystal-rich mushes prior to eruption. In the Tuffs of Bluff Point and Cold Mountain Creek, matrix glass is less evolved than most inclusions, which may indicate that more primitive rhyolite was injected into the reservoir just before those eruptions. The presence and dissolution of granophyre in one flow may record evidence for heating prior to eruption and also demonstrate that the Yellowstone magmatic system may undergo rapid changes. The variations in depth suggest the magmas were sourced from multiple chambers that follow similar evolutionary paths in the upper crust.
CRT-200.40 Impact of Left Ventricular Support Device on Surgically Rejected Patients Undergoing Unprotected Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

In patients undergoing high risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) a percutaneous left ventricular support device is often used, especially in unprotected left main (ULM) disease. For these patients, we sought to determine if there is an impact of device support use on short and long term
The Essential Cause and Technical Requirements of the Smart Grid

Smart grid construction is a long-term and complicated systems engineering that is not only related to technical issues,but also the participation of society as a whole.The concept causes,development needs and essential cause of the smart grid are analyzed,and its deep implication is revealed.In particular,in the early stages of smart grid development,it just won't do to merely emphasize the outward performance of "smart" to the neglect of the physical carrier and the development of supporting technology.The reliability principles must be followed and the basic structure of power grid reinforced to globally achieve the efficient optimal coordination between security and economy.Finally,related technical requirements and key breakthrough points of smart grid construction are elaborated in order to provide a useful exploration of China's strong and smart power grid construction at the essential cause level.
EXAMINATION OF BIOSAFETY CABINETS IN THE LABORATORY OF A CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

Objective To know the conditions of installation,operation and performance state of the biosafety cabinets in the laboratory of a center for disease control and prevention and to strengthen management of the biosafety of the laboratory.Methods On-the-spot examination with instruments was carried out to examine 6 indexes,such as cleanliness of the work area,airflow direction of working window and average wind velocity,of 39 biosafety cabinets in the laboratory.Results The eligible rate of noise level of the biosafety cabinets in the center for disease control and prevention was the lowest,being 79.5%;the eligible rates of averagein taken velocity and the air cleanliness of the cabinets were 92.3% and 97.4% respectively.Ineligible phenomenon existed in other indexes.The ineligible rate of the items of classⅡ type-B2 biosafety cabinet was the highest.Conclusions There are some problems in air cleanliness and other microclimate in the biosafety cabinets used in the laboratory of the center.It is necessary to strengthen the selection,installation,debugging and management of the use of biosafety cabinet.
Management of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia via allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Management of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia via allogeneic stem cell transplantation
MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management

Years of heavy regulation and bureaucratic inefficiency have slowed innovation for electronic medical records (EMRs). We now face a critical need for such innovation, as personalization and data science prompt patients to engage in the details of their healthcare and restore agency over their medical data. In this paper, we propose MedRec: a novel, decentralized record management system to handle EMRs, using blockchain technology. Our system gives patients a comprehensive, immutable log and easy access to their medical information across providers and treatment sites. Leveraging unique blockchain properties, MedRec manages authentication, confidentiality, accountability and data sharing -- crucial considerations when handling sensitive information. A modular design integrates with providers' existing, local data storage solutions, facilitating interoperability and making our system convenient and adaptable. We incentivize medical stakeholders (researchers, public health authorities, etc.) to participate in the network as blockchain &#x0022;miners&#x0022;. This provides them with access to aggregate, anonymized data as mining rewards, in return for sustaining and securing the network via Proof of Work. MedRec thus enables the emergence of data economics, supplying big data to empower researchers while engaging patients and providers in the choice to release metadata. The purpose of this short paper is to expose, prior to field tests, a working prototype through which we analyze and discuss our approach.
Follow-up on Training in Minimalism: How Are Technical Communicators Using Minimalism?

This chapter contains sections titled: Description of the Minimalist Design Course, Problems People Encountered Studying Minimalism, The Follow-up Study, In-Depth Interviews with Participants, Conclusions and Recommendations, Acknowledgments, References, Appendix: Details of Course Topics
Nuclear Physics: Users face SPIRAL delay

Nuclear physicists will have to wait another year before starting experiments on France's new radioactive beam facility SPIRAL. The Directorate for the Safety of Nuclear Installations (DSIN), which has been tightening its regulations in recent years, has issued a last minute ruling that the facility must undergo a public enquiry before it is authorized to accelerate radioactive beams. The facility will not now open until September 2000.
Oxytocin and Brain Plasticity

Abstract Oxytocin is a peptide hormone synthesized and released from the hypothalamus for regulation of maternal behaviors, social cognition, and other physiological processes. Oxytocin is part of a family of neurohypophysial nonapeptides, which are evolutionarily ancient and found in many vertebrate and invertebrate species. Oxytocin or oxytocin analogs have been shown to regulate forms of social behavior, particularly those related to reproduction and maternal care of offspring. Classically, oxytocin supports two main functions: lactation and parturition. Oxytocin signaling in mammary glands is required for milk letdown and the milk ejection reflex, and is important for uterine contractions by acting on the myometrium (smooth muscle of the uterine walls). Oxytocin signaling occurs within the central nervous system, affecting maternal and paternal behaviors, pair bond formation, and social cognition or neural function in general. This chapter describes the action of oxytocin within the body and brain. The first section provides a historical overview, discussing how methodological developments enabled discoveries of the structure and function of oxytocin, as well as the circuitry for oxytocin secretion and signaling. The organization of the hypothalamic oxytocin system is outlined and a number of physiological processes modulated by or requiring oxytocin are described in more detail. This includes several potentially important gender-specific differences in the mammalian oxytocin system, including those identified in humans. Some of the most important functions and gender differences of oxytocin relate to synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity involved in social cognition and maternal behavior, which to date have mainly been examined experimentally in rodents. Many aspects of oxytocin signaling remain unclear, and this chapter concludes with some speculation as to future directions for research into this important peptide system.
Lignin derived activated carbon particulates as an electric supercapacitor: carbonization and activation on porous structures and microstructures

Microporous and mesoporous particulate activated carbons (PACs) with unique hierarchical microstructures were facilely synthesized from alkali lignin via simultaneous carbonization and alkali hydroxide activation. Both NaOH and KOH activated PACs contained slit-like micropores and carbon microstructures with circular nanoplates of graphite-like basal planes and amorphous carbon clusters. The micropores broadened with increasing temperatures, holding time and alkaline hydroxides. The basal planes sizes and order were enhanced with increasing temperatures and holding time but lowering impregnation ratios, while amorphous carbon showed no particular patterns due to its much higher reactivity toward alkali hydroxides. The PACs with the highest micropore surface area and pore volume (1100 m2 g−1, 0.43 cm3 g−1) were obtained at 900 °C, 30 min and an impregnation ratio of 1 and fabricated into electrical supercapacitors to exhibit excellent 226 F g−1 specific capacitance, 7.8 W h kg−1 energy density and 47 kW kg−1 power density as well as over 92% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.
A review of teaching methods and outcomes of resident phacoemulsification

Cataract surgery with phacoemulsification is a challenging procedure for surgeons in training to learn to perform safely, efficiently, and effectively. We review the auxiliary learning tools outside the operating room that residency programs have incorporated into their curriculum to improve surgical skills, including wet laboratory and surgical simulators. We then discuss different methods of teaching cataract surgery in the operating room. Our goal is to define a learning curve for cataract surgery. We demonstrate that complication rates decline significantly after a resident performs an average of 70 cases. We summarize the reported incidence and risk factors for complications in resident-performed cataract surgery to help identify cases that require a higher level of skill to improve visual outcomes. We suggest that future studies include details on preoperative comorbidities, risk stratification, resident skill level, and frequency of takeover by attending.
JointSem: Combining Query Entity Linking and Entity based Document Ranking

Entity-based ranking systems often employ entity linking systems to align entities to query and documents. Previously, entity linking systems were not designed specifically for search engines and were mostly used as a preprocessing step. This work presents JointSem, a joint semantic ranking system that combines query entity linking and entity-based document ranking. In JointSem, the spotting and linking signals are used to describe the importance of candidate entities in the query, and the linked entities are utilized to provide additional ranking features for the documents. The linking signals and the ranking signals are combined by a joint learning-to-rank model, and the whole system is fully optimized towards end-to-end ranking performance. Experiments on TREC Web Track datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of joint learning of entity linking and entity-based ranking.
Digital Chain of Custody

Digital chain of custody is the record of preservation of digital evidence from collection to presentation in the court of law. This is an essential part of digital investigation process. Its key objective is to ensure that the digital evidence presented to the court remains as originally collected, without tampering. The chain of custody is important for admissible evidence in court. Without a chain of custody, the opposing attorney can challenge or dismiss the evidence presented. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to the concept of digital chain custody.
A mixed-methods study of system-level sustainability of evidence-based practices in 12 large-scale implementation initiatives.

In recent decades, evidence-based practices (EBPs) have been broadly promoted in community behavioural health systems in the United States of America, yet reported EBP penetration rates remain low. Determining how to systematically sustain EBPs in complex, multi-level service systems has important implications for public health. This study examined factors impacting the sustainability of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in large-scale initiatives in order to identify potential predictors of sustainment. A mixed-methods approach to data collection was used. Qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys examining sustainability processes and outcomes were completed by participants from 12 large-scale initiatives. Sustainment strategies fell into nine categories, including infrastructure, training, marketing, integration and building partnerships. Strategies involving integration of PCIT into existing practices and quality monitoring predicted sustainment, while financing also emerged as a key factor. The reported factors and strategies impacting sustainability varied across initiatives; however, integration into existing practices, monitoring quality and financing appear central to high levels of sustainability of PCIT in community-based systems. More detailed examination of the progression of specific activities related to these strategies may aide in identifying priorities to include in strategic planning of future large-scale initiatives. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02543359 ; Protocol number PRO12060529.
Place and tactical innovation in social movements: the emergence of Egypt’s anti-harassment groups

This study examines the first two years of a tactical innovation that emerged in 2012 in Egypt, which involved activist groups organizing patrol-type "intervention teams" to combat sexual violence against women in public spaces. Findings reveal that the new tactic took different forms in the two places in which it was deployed, even though the same actors employed it. I argue that the place in which a new tactic emerges shapes the form it takes. When coming up with a new collective action tactic, activists elaborate visions about how to carry out their actions based on their collective identities and taste in tactics. But as they start experimenting with the new tactic on the ground, they learn about the places' material affordances, symbolic valence, and power relations, as well as the constraints and opportunities that they represent. The material properties of places shape activists' possibilities of movement, patterns of communication, field of vision, and capacity to escape repression or reach safe spaces. The configuration of actors in a place shapes the nature of their interactions with others on the ground, possible alliances, and sources of conflict. The symbolic meanings of places shape the resonance of a group’s actions and the degree of resistance that actors face. Place in part determines the ability of activists to develop a tactic in the form that best fits their preferences.
Neuroimaging Identifies Patients Most Likely to Respond to a Restorative Stroke Therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Patient heterogeneity reduces statistical power in clinical trials of restorative therapies. Valid predictors of treatment responsiveness are needed, and several have been studied with a focus on corticospinal tract (CST) injury. We studied performance of 4 such measures for predicting behavioral gains in response to motor training therapy. METHODS:Patients with subacute-chronic hemiparetic stroke (n=47) received standardized arm motor therapy, and change in arm Fugl-Meyer score was calculated from baseline to 1 month post-therapy. Injury measures calculated from baseline magnetic resonance imaging included (1) percent CST overlap with stroke, (2) CST-related atrophy (cerebral peduncle area), (3) CST integrity (fractional anisotropy) in the cerebral peduncle, and (4) CST integrity in the posterior limb of internal capsule. RESULTS:Percent CST overlap with stroke, CST-related atrophy, and CST integrity did not correlate with one another, indicating that these 3 measures captured independent features of CST injury. Percent injury to CST significantly predicted treatment-related behavioral gains (r=-0.41; P=0.004). The other CST injury measures did not, neither did total infarct volume nor baseline behavioral deficits. When directly comparing patients with mild versus severe injury using the percent CST injury measure, the odds ratio was 15.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.54-147; P<0.005) for deriving clinically important treatment-related gains. CONCLUSIONS:Percent CST injury is useful for predicting motor gains in response to therapy in the setting of subacute-chronic stroke. This measure can be used as an entry criterion or a stratifying variable in restorative stroke trials to increase statistical power, reduce sample size, and reduce the cost of such trials.
In defense of an epistemic probability account of luck

Many philosophers think that part of what makes an event lucky concerns how probable that event is. In this paper, I argue that an epistemic probability account of luck successfully resists recent arguments that all theories of luck, including probability theories, are subject to counterexample (Hales in Nous 50(3):490–508, 2016). I argue that an event is lucky if and only if it is significant and sufficiently improbable. An event is significant when, given some reflection, the subject would regard the event as significant, and the event’s epistemic probability, determined by the subject’s evidence, is the only kind of probability that directly bears on whether or not the event is lucky. I conclude with some lessons that are applicable to probability theorists of luck generally, including those defending non-epistemic probability theories.
Fundamentals of Alternate Cooling Systems

In spite of great scientific strides over the last century, the refrigeration principles used today are, for the most part, the same as those used for the last century. These principles were refined between the period of the first liquefaction of air in 1877 by Cailletet and Pictet and the first liquefaction of helium by Onnes in 1908. The mechanical work required for these gas systems presents difficult engineering problems. However, considerable engineering progress has been made since that time so that such cryogenic refrigerators or liquefiers have moved from the category of laboratory devices to industrial machines. Still further engineering strides are needed to make such refrigerators sufficiently reliable, inexpensive, and efficient to be used regularly for many other potential application areas.
Bringing the Spoken Words Back In: Conversationalizing (Postmodernizing) Police-citizen Encounter Research

In prior police-citizen encounter research, the words citizens and suspects articulate were used as the primary representation of their demeanor toward the police. Despite its central role in prior works, language has been presupposed into the analysis as a formalistic assumption, and unanalyzed in its own right. Realizing this deficiency, Mastrofski and Parks (1990) advocated changes in methods of observing police work. In this article, a discourse analytic method of capturing the neglected details of the encounter between police and citizens is proffered by using a reality based TV show about police work as data. The article provides the theoretical and methodological framework for overcoming deficiencies in existing police research.
Sustainable Smart Grids, Emergence of a Policy Framework

A smart grid is an electricity network that can (1) cost-efficiently integrate a diverse set of generators, (2) enable consumers to play an active role in managing the demand for electricity, and (3) operate at high levels of power quality and system security. Policies to promote smart grids include net metering tariffs and time-of-use pricing; interconnection and technology standards; subsidies, targets and goals; customer privacy protection laws; and rules governing the ownership of renewable energy credits
Polar Environments and Global Change

The polar regions are the 'canary in the coal mine' of climate change: they are likely to be hit the hardest and fastest. This comprehensive textbook provides an accessible introduction to the scientific study of polar environments against a backdrop of climate change and the wider global environment. The book assembles diverse information on polar environmental characteristics in terrestrial and oceanic domains, and describes the ongoing changes in climate, the oceans, and components of the cryosphere. Recent significant changes in the polar region caused by global warming are explored: shrinking Arctic sea ice, thawing permafrost, accelerating loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets, and rising ocean temperatures. These rapidly changing conditions are discussed in the context of the paleoclimatic history of the polar regions from the Eocene to the Anthropocene. Future projections for these regions during the twenty-first century are discussed. The text is illustrated with many color figures and tables, and includes further reading lists, review questions for each chapter, and a glossary.
Modeling and application profiles in the Art and Rare Materials BIBFRAME Ontology Extension

Since April 2016, the Art Libraries Society of North America's Cataloging Advisory Committee (CAC) and the RBMS Bibliographic Standards Committee (BSC) have collaborated with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded Linked Data for Production project on the Art and Rare Materials BIBFRAME Ontology Extension (ARM). BIBFRAME leaves some areas underdefined that need to be expanded by specialized communities. More specifically, ARM facilitates the descriptive needs of the art and rare materials communities in areas such as exhibitions, materials, measurements, physical condition and much more. Between April 2016 and February 2018, work focused on modeling. In February 2018, our focus shifted to development of SHACL application profiles for Art resources and a Rare Monographs, which we are using to define forms and display for the cataloging environment in VitroLib, an RDF-based, ontology agnostic cataloging tool being developed as part of the Linked Data for Libraries - Labs project that was discussed at DCMI 2017. Since these application profiles are being implemented in VitroLib, catalogers will be able to test the ARM modeling in a real-world environment, providing feedback to the project for potential future development. This presentation will provide an overview of select ARM modeling components, detail the process of creating and defining SHACL application profiles for ARM, and discuss challenges and opportunities for implementing these profiles in VitroLib. Further, we will discuss our strategy for low-threshold hosting of the ontology and administrative questions regarding long-term maintenance of this BIBFRAME extension.
Reading and Rebellion in Catholic Germany, 1770–1914

Popular conceptions of Catholic censorship, symbolized above all by the Index of Forbidden Books, figure prominently in secular definitions of freedom. To be intellectually free is to enjoy access to knowledge unimpeded by any religious authority. But how would the history of freedom change if these conceptions were false? In this panoramic study of Catholic book culture in Germany from 1770–1914, Jeffrey T. Zalar exposes the myth of faith-based intellectual repression. Catholic readers disobeyed the book rules of their church in a vast apostasy that raised personal desire and conscience over communal responsibility and doctrine. This disobedience sparked a dramatic contest between lay readers and their priests over proper book behavior that played out in homes, schools, libraries, parish meeting halls, even church confessionals. The clergy lost this contest in a fundamental reordering of cultural power that helped usher in contemporary Catholicism.
Identification of genomic loci associated with 21chlorophyll fluorescence phenotypes by genome-wide association analysis in soybean

Photosynthesis is able to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of biomass, but the efficiency of photosynthetic solar energy conversion is low. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements are rapid, non-destructive, and can provide a wealth of information about the efficiencies of the photosynthetic light reaction processes. Efforts aimed at assessing genetic variation and/or mapping of genetic loci associated with chlorophyll fluorescence phenotypes have been rather limited. Evaluation of SoySNP50K iSelect SNP Beadchip data from the 189 genotypes phenotyped in this analysis identified 32,453 SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 5%. A total of 288 (non-unique) SNPs were significantly associated with one or more of the 21 chlorophyll fluorescence phenotypes. Of these, 155 were unique SNPs and 100 SNPs were only associated with a single fluorescence phenotype, while 28, 11, 2, and 14 SNPs, were associated with two, three, four and five or more fluorescence phenotypes, respectively. The 288 non-unique SNPs represent 155 unique SNPs that mark 53 loci. The 155 unique SNPs included 27 that were associated with three or more phenotypes, and thus were called multi-phenotype SNPs. These 27 multi-phenotype SNPs marked 13 multi-phenotype loci (MPL) identified by individual SNPs associated with multiple chlorophyll fluorescence phenotypes or by more than one SNP located within 0.5 MB of other multi-phenotype SNPs. A search in the genomic regions highlighted by these 13 MPL identified genes with annotations indicating involvement in photosynthetic light dependent reactions. These, as well as loci associated with only one or two chlorophyll fluorescence traits, should be useful to develop a better understanding of the genetic basis of photosynthetic light dependent reactions as a whole as well as of specific components of the electron transport chain in soybean. Accordingly, additional genetic and physiological analyses are necessary to determine the relevance and effectiveness of the identified loci for crop improvement efforts.
A MOS-JFET Macromodel of SOI Four-Gate Transistors (G 4 FET) to Aid Innovative Circuit Design

A MOS-JFET macromodel of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) four-gate transistor (G4FET) is presented in this paper to facilitate innovative circuit design with this novel multi-gate transistor. Designing interesting and innovative circuits with any new device requires a SPICE model that will work sufficiently well throughout the desired operating regions. A macromodel approach is adopted in this work which can provide a reasonably fast and accurate circuit simulation. Since G4FET combines the functionality of MOSFET and JFET devcies and robust, fast and reliable models of both MOSFET and JFET are already available, a macromodel combining these existing models is desirable from the perspective of a circuit designer. The model captures the essential interaction between multiple gates and accounts for both the volume and the surface conduction. In order to justify the feasibility of the macromodel, it is used to simulate two analog multiplier circuits which have been previously demonstrated experimentally and the simulation results match quite well with experimental findings.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and total amyloid burden and amyloid-β 42/40 ratios in plasma: Results from a pilot study of World Trade Center responders

Abstract Introduction Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with poor memory and increased burden of various degenerative cerebral neuropathologies. The goal of this pilot study was to determine whether PTSD was associated with changes in plasma-based neuropathological biomarkers of neurodegeneration among World Trade Center (WTC) responders. Methods Thirty-four WTC responders had blood drawn and flash-frozen within 15 minutes of retrieval. PTSD symptoms were assessed at that time. Age, sex, and WTC exposure duration were obtained from medical records. Plasma was assayed in duplicate using an ultra-sensitive single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the distribution of amyloid-β (Aβ) 42/40 ratios, total Aβ, total tau, and neurofilament light (NfL). The comparison group was drawn from a bank of healthy controls collected and assayed at the same facility. Results The average age of WTC responders at blood draw was 53 years. Half were PTSD positive (PTSD+) as indicated by symptom severity. WTC responders had lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios but higher total tau and NfL levels in the plasma than healthy controls. PTSD+ status was associated with lower plasma Aβ load and higher Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios. Discussion Findings suggest that PTSD may be associated with alterations in plasma markers related to Aβ, tau, and NfL, highlighting the potential association between PTSD status and neurodegenerative neuropathology in WTC responders.
Psychosocial and medical adversity associated with neonatal neurobehavior in infants born before 30 weeks gestation.

BACKGROUND Psychosocial adversity escalates medical risk for poor outcomes in infants born <30 weeks gestation. Neonatal neurobehavior and maternal psychological and socioenvironmental assessments may identify the earliest specific intervention needs. We hypothesized that maternal prenatal anxiety, depression, and adverse medical and socioenvironmental conditions would be associated with less optimal neonatal neurobehavior at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. METHODS We studied 665 infants at 9 university NICUs. Risk indices of socioenvironmental, maternal, and neonatal medical factors were obtained from standardized, structured maternal interviews and medical record reviews. Brain injuries were classified by consensus ultrasonogram readings. NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) exams were conducted at NICU discharge. RESULTS On the NNNS, generalized estimating equations indicated infants of mothers with prenatal anxiety had less optimal attention, and those born to mothers with prenatal depression had increased lethargy. Maternal medical complications predicted suboptimal reflexes. Socioenvironmental risk predicted lower self-regulation and movement quality. Infants with more severe neonatal medical complications had lower attention, increased lethargy, and suboptimal reflexes. CONCLUSIONS Combined information from the observed associations among adverse prenatal maternal medical and psychosocial conditions, and neonatal complications may assist in the early identification of infants at elevated neurobehavioral risk.
Greenspace volunteering post-disaster: exploration of themes in motivation, barriers, and benefits from post-hurricane park and garden volunteers

Volunteers are an important resource for green infrastructure, both providing important maintenance, as well as providing education and connection that promotes conservation and ecological work. In...
Autism as a contingency-shaped disorder of verbal behavior: Evidence obtained and evidence needed.

Drash and Tudor’s argument that autism is a contingency-shaped disorder of verbal behavior is logical and consistent with behavioral principles, but the argument’s premises have no direct empirical support and some conflicting evidence. The quantity and quality of research needed to support such a theory is compared to that found in the area of antisocial behavior in children, which has considerable evidence for a contingency-shaped etiology. Even if autism is largely inherited, this does not weaken the necessity or importance of behavioral intervention. Drash and Tudor’s paper may serve a useful function by outlining areas in need of further study because a great deal more research is needed on how the early environment shapes the language, cognitive, and behavioral development of children.
CRT-300.06 Impact of Left Anterior Descending Artery Wrapping Around the Left Ventricular Apex on Cardiac Mechanics in Patients With Normal Coronary Angiography

The anatomic features of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery have important clinical significance. An LAD that wraps around the LV apex theoretically supplies a greater amount of myocardium than one that ends at or before the apex. We examined the impact of LAD wrapping on left
My favourite flowering image: computed tomographic reconstruction of a crucifer flower

Crucifer flowers have a stereotypical plan and much of the floral diversity in the family is revealed only by careful observation. This statement holds true for the flower of Stanleya elata, a relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which exhibits a number of distinct features that highlight the value of crucifers in comparative studies. Such comparative approaches in combination with new imaging and genomic technologies provide novel insight into floral structure and diversity.
Laboratory regulations and compliance

Abstract The clinical laboratory is one of the most highly regulated areas of medicine. Unlike other clinical disciplines, the actions of laboratorians are governed by multiple regulatory layers: national and state laws, institutional policies, and laboratory policies. Clinical laboratories are routinely inspected and have ongoing examination of performance through proficiency testing. Within this complex environment, laboratory directors are ultimately responsible for the actions of all laboratory team members who contact patient specimens. In addition to ensuring the quality of clinical laboratory testing, laboratory professionals must be compliant with regulations of patient data privacy and financial practices. Ignorance of applicable laws and regulations is not an adequate defense, and laboratorians should be proficient in laws and best practices that apply to the clinical laboratory.
A system for the 2019 Sentiment, Emotion and Cognitive State Task of DARPA's LORELEI project

During the course of a Humanitarian Assistance-Disaster Relief (HADR) crisis, that can happen anywhere in the world, real-time information is often posted online by the people in need of help which, in turn, can be used by different stakeholders involved with management of the crisis. Automated processing of such posts can considerably improve the effectiveness of such efforts by, for example, understanding the aggregated emotion from affected populations in specific areas, which may help inform decision-makers on how to best allocate resources for an effective disaster response. However, these efforts may be severely limited by the availability of resources for a particular local language. The ongoing DARPA project Low Resource Languages for Emergent Incidents (LORELEI) aims to further language processing technologies for low resource languages in the context of such a humanitarian crisis. In this work, we describe our submission for the 2019 Sentiment, Emotion and Cognitive state (SEC) pilot task of the LORELEI project. We describe a collection of sentiment analysis systems included in our submission along with the features extracted. Our fielded systems obtained the best results in both English and Spanish language evaluations of the SEC pilot task.
See the Light: Modeling Solar Performance using Multispectral Satellite Data

Developing accurate solar performance models, which infer solar output from widely available external data sources, is increasingly important as the grid's solar capacity rises. These models are important for a wide range of solar analytics, including solar forecasting, resource estimation, and fault detection. The most significant error in existing models is inaccurate estimates of clouds' effect on solar output, as cloud formations and their impact on solar radiation are highly complex. In 2018 and 2019, respectively, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the U.S. began releasing multispectral data comprising 16 different light wavelengths (or channels) from the GOES-16 and GOES-17 satellites every 5 minutes. Enough channel data is now available to learn solar performance models using machine learning (ML). In this paper, we show how to develop both local and global solar performance models using ML on multispectral data, and compare their accuracy to existing physical models based on ground-level weather readings and on NOAA's estimates of downward shortwave radiation (DSR), which also derive from multispectral data but using a physical model. We show that ML-based solar performance models based on multispectral data are much more accurate than weather- or DSR-based models, improving the average MAPE across 29 solar sites by over 50% for local models and 25% for global models.
Being Prepared for a Medical Emergency: 緊急醫療應變計劃以防意外

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Leisure activities, recreation, exercise, sport and sporting events are a part of life in society today. In a public school setting, it is the responsibility of the school/facility administrator to ensure safety for the participants and spectators or audience. Safe facilities, playing surfaces and equipment are a foundation for providing safety. Also, the administrator should be proactive in having a written emergency action plan for foreseeable situations, specifically, a medical emergency. Having a predetermined plan of action is imperative for the hosting school/facility. Some important aspects for an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) should include all personnel that will be part of the plan, scheduled mock practice sessions, availability of equipment, current certifications, etc. After implementing these aspects it is imperative that all individuals involved understand and know the details of the EAP in order for it to be effective and successful.隨著生活文化的轉變，康體活動已經成為了人們生活的重要部份。可是，當進行這些活動時一旦出現了意外事故，應該如何去處理較為恰當呢？本文試從緊急應變醫療角度分享經驗，給予有系統及效能的建議，以供參考。
Takeover Anticipation and Abnormal Returns

This paper documents that a part of takeover synergy is incorporated in the target and acquirer stock prices prior to the event window of previous studies, around the takeover anticipation date. Th ...
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy of two Parallel Imperfect Interfaces

The ultrasonic method is promising for the nondestructive characterization of imperfect interfaces in many joined structures (for example solid state bonds, adhesive joints, etc.) When the interphasial layer containing imperfections is thin and the imperfections are flat the interphasial layer can be modeled as an infinitely thin interface with distributed springs to account for interfacial stiffness reduction due to imperfections [1]. Significant effort has been put into experimental and theoretical studies of ultrasonic wave interaction with imperfect interfaces [1]–[15] with the goal of characterizing interface imperfections by the ultrasonic signature. It has been shown that by measuring the frequency response of the coefficient of reflection from an interface with spring boundary conditions one can determine the interfacial spring stiffness.
Global media studies : ethnographic perspectives

Part 1: Introduction, Chapter 1 Towards an Ethnographic Approach to Global Media Studies, Part 2: Situating Ethnography in Global Media Studies, Chapter 2 The Problem of Textuality in Ethnographic Audience Research, Chapter 3 Passing Ethnographies: Rethinking the Sites of Agency and Reflexivity in a Mediated World, Chapter 4 Where is Audience Ethnographer's Fieldwork?, Chapter 5 Audience letters and letter-writers: Constituting the Audience for Radio in Transnational Contexts, Chapter 6 Rituals in the Modern World: Applying the Concept of Ritual in Media Ethnography, Part 3: Researching the Local, Chapter 7 Negotiation and the Position: On the Need and Difficulty of 'Thicker Description', Chapter 8 "Now that you're going home, are you going to write about the natives you studied?": Telenovela Reception, Adultery and the Dilemmas of Ethnographic Practice, Chapter 9 Methodology as Lived Experience, Chapter 10 On the Border: Reflections on Ethnography and Gender, Chapter 11 Radio's Early Arrival in Rural Appalachia, Part 4: Articulating Globalization Through Ethnography, Chapter 12 Ask the West, Will Dinosaurs Come Back?, Chapter 13 Where the Global Meets the Local: South African Youth and Their Experience of Global Media, Chapter 14 Chasing Echoes: Cultural Reconversion, Self-Representation, and Mediascapes in Mexico, Chapter 15 Globalization avant la lettre? Audience Ethnography, Media Institutions and Local Identity in Lebanon, Part 5: Afterword, Chapter 16 Media Ethnography: Local, Global or Translocal?
Motivated employee blindness: The impact of labor market instability on judgment of organizational inefficiencies

Abstract While employees might be expected to be especially vigilant to problems within their organization during times of economic instability, we build on motivational perspectives put forth by System Justification Theory to propose the opposite effect, namely that economic instability enhances employees’ tendency to defensively ignore and diminish organizational problems. We experimentally manipulated perceptions of labor market trends and asked participants to report on problems within their own actual organization. As predicted, an ostensibly weak external labor market led employees to perceive their organization as less inefficient (Study 1), identify fewer organizational efficiency problems (Study 2), downplay the impact of organizational inefficiencies (Study 3), and generate a greater ratio of pros to cons regarding how their organization is run (Study 4), compared to employees exposed to relatively favorable labor market information. Results suggest an enhanced motivation to deny the existence of organizational flaws when employment alternatives are perceived to be scarce.