cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Antibiotic-refractory Lyme Arthritis: A Multicenter Case-control Study

Objective. Few factors have consistently been linked to antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis (ARLA). We sought to identify clinical and treatment factors associated with pediatric ARLA. Methods. We performed a case-control study in 3 pediatric rheumatology clinics in a Lyme-endemic region (2000–2013). Eligible children were aged ≤ 18 years with arthritis and had positive testing for Lyme disease by Western blot. Cases were 49 children with persistently active arthritis despite ≥ 8 weeks of oral antibiotics or ≥ 2 weeks of parenteral antibiotics; controls were 188 children whose arthritis resolved within 3 months of starting antibiotics. We compared preselected demographic, clinical, and treatment factors between groups using logistic regression. Results. Characteristics positively associated with ARLA were age ≥ 10 years, prolonged arthritis at diagnosis, knee-only arthritis, and worsening after starting antibiotics. In contrast, children with fever, severe pain, or other signs of systemic inflammation were more likely to respond quickly to treatment. Secondarily, low-dose amoxicillin and treatment nonadherence were also linked to higher risk of ARLA. Greater antibiotic use for children with ARLA was accompanied by higher rates of treatment-associated adverse events (37% vs 15%) and resultant hospitalization (6% vs 1%). Conclusion. Older children and those with prolonged arthritis, arthritis limited to the knees, or poor initial response to antibiotics are more likely to have antibiotic-refractory disease and treatment-associated toxicity. Children with severe symptoms of systemic inflammation have more favorable outcomes. For children with persistently active Lyme arthritis after 2 antibiotic courses, pediatricians should consider starting antiinflammatory treatment and referring to a pediatric rheumatologist.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF NADPH-DEPENDENT CYTOCHROME (P-450) REDUCTASE IN LIVER, LUNG AND KIDNEY OF PHENOBARBITAL- VERSUS SALINE-PRETREATED RATS: CORRELATION WITH ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the immunohistochemical localization of NADPH-dependent cytochrome C reductase in liver, lung, and kidney of phenobarbital versus saline-pretreated rats. In an experiment described in the chapter, in the liver, specific immunofluorescence was seen in hepatocyte cytoplasm but not in the nuclei and staining was stronger in centrilobular than in periportal zones. Livers from phenobarbital rats showed a more intense and consolidated pattern of staining in the hepatocyte cytoplasm than livers from saline-rats. This correlates well with the two- to threefold increase in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity seen biochemically and with the proliferation of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum seen by electron microscopy. Preliminary immunoelectron microscopy suggests that ferritin-labeled antibody is located around areas of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in these animals. Immunofluorescence was weak to negative in endothelial and connective tissues in both pretreatments. Cytochrome P-450 content increased 4 to 5 times while cytochrome b5 content showed minimal change. Aminopyrine, benzphetamine, benzo(a)pyrene, and laurate metabolism increased in liver microsomes from the phenobarbital-pretreated animals. These results agree with the immunohistochemical studies and with established biochemical and ultrastructural observations on the effects of phenobarbital.
Self-interaction-free electric dipole polarizabilities for atoms and their ions using the Fermi-Löwdin self-interaction correction

The static electric dipole polarizability of a system is a measure of the binding of its electrons. In density functional theory calculations, this binding is weakened by the presence of unphysical self-interaction in the density functional approximation (DFA), leading to overestimates of polarizabilities. To investigate this systematically we compare polarizabilities for the atoms from H to Ar and their anions and cations calculated in several DFAs and the corresponding self-interaction-corrected (SIC) DFAs with experiment and with high-level quantum chemistry reference values. The SIC results are obtained using the Fermi-L\"owdin orbital self-interaction correction (FLO-SIC) method. Removing self-interaction generally leads to smaller polarizabilities that agree significantly better with reference values. We find that FLO-SIC improves the performance of the local spin density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for polarizabilities to a quality that is comparable to so-called rung 4 functionals, but slightly degrades the performance of the strongly constrained and appropriately normed meta-GGA functional.
Doppler Frequency Offset Estimation Algorithm for Terahertz Dynamic Imaging Signal

Terahertz Imaging promotes microscopic dialysis and deep utilization of electromagnetic wave, and provides significant foundation for exploiting microscopic and high frequency object while challenges as channel interference and Doppler frequency Offset of dynamic signal are still urgent to be solved. Hence, this article comes up with Doppler frequency Offset estimation algorithm for Terahertz dynamic Imaging signal. This article starts from analysing signal model and channel influence of Terahertz Imaging, further proposing feature analyses for signal interference in imaging channel, and ends in implementing radio frequency and baseband of the receiver. A handling method is designed for Doppler frequency Offset of received dynamic signal and it can validly compensate Doppler frequency Offset of dynamic signal. The simulation proves that the algorithm in this article can improve estimation accuracy of Doppler frequency Offset in Terahertz Imaging.
Laissez-Faire Economic Policy in a World Where Gender Income Gaps Exist: Helping or Hurting?

Using IPUMS data on U.S. states from 1980 to 2010, we examine the effect of economic freedom on the gender income gap. We find that economic freedom is positively related to an increase in the gender income gap. When we break up the index into its components, we find different effects of various types of policy. For example, we find that decreases in government spending and a lower minimum wage have a statistically significant and positive effect on gender income disparities across states.
Production of prodigiosin pigment by Serratia marcescens is negatively associated with cellular ATP levels during high-rate, low-cell-density growth

Serratia marcescens is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium and the most recognized producer of the hydrophobic pigment prodigiosin. Previous work has shown that prodigiosin both increases ATP produ...
Electrochemical precipitation of neptunium with a micro electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance

Microliter volumes are used in electrochemical detection and preconcentration of radionuclides to reduce the dose received by researchers and equipment. Unfortunately, there is a lack of analysis of radionuclides with coupled electrochemical techniques and microliter volume reactors. The goals of this work are (1) to develop a miniaturized micro-electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (μeQCM) reactor for use in small volume (50–200 μL) electrogravimetric experiments and (2) to use this reactor to characterize the preconcentration of neptunium on carbon electrodes via electroprecipitation. We successfully deposited neptunium in the new μeQCM reactor and verified its operation. We found that preconcentration of neptunium on carbon coated electrodes was possible by chronoamperometry at − 1.6 VAg/AgCl. The mass shift of the resulting precipitate was indicative of the amount of neptunium on the electrode, although the correlation between the mass increase and activity of the preconcentrated material was not linear. Neptunium precipitate reduced electron transfer to the solution as evidenced by the increase in charge transfer resistance compared to bare electrodes.
Testing Psychosis Phenotypes From Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes for Clinical Application: Biotype Characteristics and Targets.

Abstract Background Psychiatry aspires to the molecular understanding of its disorders and, with that knowledge, to precision medicine. Research supporting such goals in the dimension of psychosis has been compromised, in part, by using phenomenology alone to estimate disease entities. To this end, we are proponents of a deep phenotyping approach in psychosis, using computational strategies to discover the most informative phenotypic fingerprint as a promising strategy to uncover mechanisms in psychosis. Methods Doing this, the Bipolar–Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) has used biomarkers to identify distinct subtypes of psychosis with replicable biomarker characteristics. While we have presented these entities as relevant, their potential utility in clinical practice has not yet been demonstrated. Results Here we carried out an analysis of clinical features that characterize biotypes. We found that biotypes have unique and defining clinical characteristics that could be used as initial screens in the clinical and research settings. Differences in these clinical features appear to be consistent with biotype biomarker profiles, indicating a link between biological features and clinical presentation. Clinical features associated with biotypes differ from those associated with DSM diagnoses, indicating that biotypes and DSM syndromes are not redundant and are likely to yield different treatment predictions. We highlight 3 predictions based on biotype that are derived from individual biomarker features and cannot be obtained from DSM psychosis syndromes. Conclusions In the future, biotypes may prove to be useful for targeting distinct molecular, circuit, cognitive, and psychosocial therapies for improved functional outcomes.
On Grieving for the Out-of-Practice.

On Grieving for the Out-of-Practice Physician-scientists do see problems in the clinic and take them back to the lab, where they solve them and bring solutions back to the clinic. But less practice...
Does a Question Prompt List Improve Perceived Involvement in Care in Orthopaedic Surgery Compared with the AskShareKnow Questions? A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Most conditions in orthopaedic surgery are preference-sensitive, where treatment choices are based on the patient's values and preferences. One set of tools increasingly used to help align treatment choices with patient preferences are question prompt lists (QPLs), which are comprehensive lists of potential questions that patients can ask their physicians during their encounters. Whether or not a comprehensive orthopaedic-specific question prompt list would increase patient-perceived involvement in care more effectively than might three generic questions (the AskShareKnow questions) remains unknown; learning the answer would be useful, since a three-question list is easier to use compared with the much lengthier QPLs. Question/purpose Does an orthopaedic-specific question prompt list increase patient-perceived involvement in care compared with the three generic AskShareKnow questions? Methods We performed a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of all new patients visiting a multispecialty orthopaedic clinic. A pragmatic design was used to mimic normal clinical care that compared two clinically acceptable interventions. New patients with common orthopaedic conditions were enrolled between August 2019 and November 2019 and were randomized to receive either the intervention QPL handout (orthopaedic-specific QPL with 45 total questions, developed with similar content and length to prior QPLs used in hand surgery, oncology, and palliative care) or a control handout (the AskShareKnow model questions, which are: "What are my options? What are the benefits and harms of those options? How likely are each of those benefits and harms to happen to me?") before their visits. A total of 156 patients were enrolled, with 78 in each group. There were no demographic differences between the study and control groups in terms of key variables. After the visit, patients completed the Perceived Involvement in Care Scale (PICS), a validated instrument designed to evaluate patient-perceived involvement in their care, which served as the primary outcome measure. This instrument is scored from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating higher perceived involvement. Results There was no difference in mean PICS scores between the intervention and control groups (QPL 8.3 ± 2.3, control 8.5 ± 2.3, mean difference 0.2 [95% CI -0.53 to 0.93 ]; p = 0.71. Conclusion In patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery, a QPL does not increase patient-perceived involvement in care compared with providing patients the three AskShareKnow questions. Implementation of the three AskShareKnow questions can be a more efficient way to improve patient-perceived involvement in their care compared with a lengthy QPL. Level of evidence Level II, therapeutic study.
Broadening the Conditions for Illusory Correlation Formation: Implications for Judging Minority Groups

Perceivers tend to overestimate the relative degree of association between an infrequent or distinctive category of behavior and a minority group or target, an illusory correlation effect with implications for numerous social processes including stereotyping and product perception. We argue that such illusory correlations can form under a broader set of conditions than has been previously shown. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that illusory correlations can emerge even when no distinctive behaviors are presented (i.e., in the absence of co-occurrences of infrequent events). Experiments 2 and 3 showed that perceivers are more likely to form strong illusory correlations when the difference in the amount of information describing majority versus minority groups is large rather than small. These findings support a process account suggesting that illusory correlations can form merely as a result of differences in the amount of information acquired about targets; minority group targets are assumed to have more moderate characteristics than majority group targets because of the relatively limited minority group evidence that is available. We discuss implications regarding stereotyping and intergroup relations as well as perceptions of consumer brands in the marketplace.
Designing novel antimicrobial peptides against multi-drug resistant bacteria

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous amongst living organisms and are part of the innate immune system with the ability to kill pathogens directly or indirectly by modulating the immune system. AMPs have potential as a novel therapeutic against bacteria due to their quick-acting mechanism of action that prevents bacteria from developing resistance. Additionally, there is a dire need for therapeutics with activity specifically against gram-negative bacterial infections that are dangerous and difficult to treat. Development of new antibiotics has slowed in recent years and novel therapeutics like AMPs with a focus against gram-negative bacteria are needed. We designed 8 novel AMPs, termed PHNX peptides, using ab initio computational design (database filtering technology on APD3 dataset of natural AMPs against gram negative bacteria as described by Wang et al.) and assessed their theoretical function using published machine learning algorithms as well as measured their activity in our laboratory. These AMPs were tested and demonstrated greater activity against gramnegative MDR Escherichia coli than MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and showed low hemolytic activity against human red-blood cells.
A Systematic Approach to Reduce Digital Waste

2021 looks set to be a major inflection point for the digital economy. It’s certainly not the first. We’ve lived through several such moments in the past 30 years, and they have mainly been centered on vectors of innovation and finance. The World Wide Web (1995) was an innovation inflection; the dot com bust that followed (2000) was a finance inflection. The iPhone and App Store were technology and business model innovations, as were advances in machine learning and ‘AI’ products around 2016. The signals that we’ve hit another inflection point are all around us. Multiple competition policy cases in the US, in Europe, and now in China. The precipitous decline in reputation and trust among major social media firms. The story of ‘surveillance capitalism’ and its catastrophic, almost apocalyptic view of modern technology bound to capital accumulation leaving humanity and human values behind. The monetization of hate, lies, and disinformation. It’s hard to see how these issues get put back into a box or managed with only incremental changes on the part of users, firms, or governments. Today’s inflection point will involve both innovation and finance, but it is fundamentally about something different: negative externalities. In simpler language, ‘digital waste’ and the harms that are associated with it. Seen through that conceptual lens, it’s possible to chart a reasoned, efficient, humane, and plausible path forward. If reducing the harms from digital waste is the over-arching objective, there are models we can draw from in other waste management settings to help societies work intentionally and efficiently with a focused approach, rather than haphazardly and in a manner where priorities are buffeted by emotion and pure political maneuvers. In this article we build out the analogy, in order make the case for a simple thought experiment in constructing a systematic blueprint for reducing harms that people experience from digital waste.
Boston Strong: Understanding Hatred, Confronting Intolerance, Eliminating Inequality

This essay ties together the author’s experience at the Boston Marathon bombing with a three-day, multi-disciplinary conference on hatred, intolerance, and inequality, less than a week later. The author draws on his own sense of helplessness and fear to provide context for discussions surrounding notions of “othering,” bias, and devaluation. The essay culminates by emphasizing the creative and innovative work individuals and groups are doing to pursue justice and find solutions for marginalized and disadvantaged persons.
Risk of upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: an epidemiologic and immunologic perspective.

Abstract Objective: The chronic and acute immune responses to both heavy and moderate exercise are reviewed, with guidelines provided for the prevention and management of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. Data Sources: Epidemiologic and experimental exercise immunology research data were used. The MEDLINE database was searched for the years 1970 to 1997 with the terms “exercise,” “immune,” “infection,” “lymphocyte,” and “neutrophil.” Data Synthesis: A descriptive review with summary figures and one table. Conclusions/Recommendations: The epidemiologic data suggest that endurance athletes are at increased risk for URTI during periods of heavy training and the 1-to 2-week period after marathon-type race events. Several researchers have reported a diminished neutrophil function in athletes during periods of intense and heavy training. Following each bout of prolonged heavy endurance exercise, several components of the immune system appear to demonstrate suppressed function for several hours. This has led to the concept of the “open window,” described as the 3- to 12-hour time period after prolonged endurance exercise when host defense is decreased and the risk of URTI is elevated. There is sufficient evidence for sports medicine professionals to encourage athletes to practice various hygienic measures to lower their risk of URTI and to avoid heavy exertion during systemic illness.
Trace analysis of hydrogen peroxide contamination

Smaller critical dimensions in newer semiconductor technologies and use of lower implant doses continue to increase the importance of monitoring and controlling chemical trace contaminants. This paper presents a case study where contaminants in hydrogen peroxide resulted in an IBM fabricator excursion. Methods for determination of amines and fluoride in hydrogen peroxide were developed. Additionally, closer examination of trace metals in as-received peroxide has led to the identification of contamination sources in transportation via tanker. Lastly, IBM has identified crucial analytical parameters for accurate analysis of trace metallic contamination in hydrogen peroxide. These studies and enhanced methods have led to greater control over hydrogen peroxide quality for use in semiconductor processing.
Semi-analytical modeling and design tool for WDM RZ systems. Validation results

We have developed semi-analytical tools to model and design long-haul dispersion-managed WDM RZ systems. Our approach provides a drastic speed-up of system budgeting compared to conventional modeling based on split-step methods. We have validated our analytical models experimentally and numerically.
In vitro experimental (211)At-anti-CD33 antibody therapy of leukaemia cells overcomes cellular resistance seen in vivo against gemtuzumab ozogamicin

Purpose Monoclonal anti-CD33 antibodies conjugated with toxic calicheamicin derivative (gemtuzumab ozogamicin, GO) are a novel therapy option for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Key prognostic factors for patients with AML are high CD33 expression on the leukaemic cells and the ability to overcome mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapies, including drug efflux or other mechanisms decreasing apoptosis. Alpha particle-emitting radionuclides overwhelm such anti-apoptotic mechanisms by producing numerous DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) accompanied by decreased DNA repair.
Commentary on Empirical Examinations of the Association Between Anxiety and Eating Disorders

A substantial body of research supports comorbidity between eating and anxiety disorders, and articles in this special section explore the nature of this association using several different research designs. This commentary reviews findings from these articles, focusing on inferences that may be drawn from each design. Collectively, articles support the need for future studies to examine whether eating and anxiety disorders share underlying mechanisms. If identified, such mechanisms could create opportunities for transdiagnostic interventions that ameliorate suffering from both eating and anxiety disorders.
The Use of High-Frequency Oscillating Ventilation to Facilitate Stability During Neonatal Thoracoscopic Operations

Abstract Background: Thoracoscopy has become a surgical option for the repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Insufflation of carbon dioxide combined with one ...
Quantum chemical calculations on the structure of (Cl2F)+ and related molecules

Abstract Molecular orbital calculations using the MNDO method have been completed on several diatomic and triatomic molecules and cations. The predicted most stable triatomic isomers are: (ClClF)+, (FClF)+, HOCl, HOF, ClOCl, FOF, ClOF, and (HFCl)+. For the first six, these calculated isomers are in agreement with the experimentally observed most stable structures. The most stable isomers of the last two are not yet known experimentally. Calculated heats of formation, structures, charge distributions, and Wiberg bond indices are reported. Comparison with ab initio calculations at the 4-31G level is also made.
Vortex-melting and vortex-glass transitions in a high purity twinned YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ single crystal

We present experimental evidence for the coexistence of a first-order vortex-lattice melting transition and a continuous vortex-glass melting transition at a lower temperature in high purity twinned ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ single crystal samples grown in ${\mathrm{BaZrO}}_{3}$ crucibles. The correlation of temperature T and magnetic field H dependence of the electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and electric field vs current density E vs J isotherms is consistent with a two-step phase transition from the normal to the superconducting state. Analysis of the data strongly indicates that the vortex matter in the single crystal is inhomogeneous. This scenario is supported by the observation of a vortex-lattice melting at a temperature separating two vortex-glass states with different critical exponents $\ensuremath{\nu}(z\ensuremath{-}1).$ In light of independently performed numerical simulations [Crabtree et al., Phys. Rev. B 61, 1446 (2000)], the data support a scenario where the intermediate phase crosses over from a state where vortex lines in the twin boundaries are pinned and those within the bulk undergo driven plastic vortex flow, to a state where the vortex lines in and near the twin boundaries undergo driven disordered motion and those within the bulk move as an ordered lattice.
Carrier Yield in Molecular Systems due to Photo and High Energy β Particle lonization

Abstract The problem of recombination in molecular crystals and liquids is considered from the point of view of continuity of current. The probability for escape of an electron from its parent molecule depends exponentially upon how far it travels before thermalization. When account is taken of the temperature dependence of this distance, good agreement with experiment is obtained. Comparison between β particle and photo excitation suggests that initial back recombination between the emitted electron and the parent molecule may not be important in photoconductivity.
Size and age distributions of Juvenile Connecticut River American shad above Hadley Falls: Influence on outmigration representation and timing

Age- and size-based habitat use and movement patterns of young-of-year American shad in rivers are not well understood. Adult females reach their natal rivers at different times and ascend the river at different rates, which may lead to variation of hatch dates at a single location. Also, shad are serial spawners, so eggs of the same female may be released at different distances from the river mouth. It has long been hypothesized that juvenile shad emigration is a function of size or age, and not necessarily keyed only to a decrease in water temperature during the fall. We seined three sites in the Connecticut River biweekly to collect pre-migrant shad during river residence (spring to fall). During emigration, samples were also collected weekly at two hydroelectric facilities. Otoliths were removed from ∼20% of the fish to obtain age and growth rate information. We found increases in length and age over time until late in the season, after which such increases were mostly insignificant. Cohorts collected early in the year as pre-migrants were never sampled as migrants later in the year at the hydroelectric projects. Cohorts collected late in the year as migrants were never collected earlier in the year as pre-migrants. Only during a narrow window of time were fish collected as both pre-migrants and migrants. Fish that were hatched later in the season exhibited higher growth rates than fish that were hatched earlier in the season. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZONE SHAPE AND CONCENTRATION IN ISOTACHOPHORESIS-CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

The relationship between injection volume of a dilute sample and its concentration at peak maximum in an isotachophoresis (ITP) zone is described. The concentration at peak maximum is predicted to increase linearly with injection volume for a given leading electrolyte concentration as long as the analyte mass injected is very small. In addition, the relationship between sensitivity of counterflow isotachophoresis–capillary zone electrophoresis and injection volume was investigated using angiotensins as test analytes. The results confirm that sensitivity is a nearly linear function of injection volume for dilute samples. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 341–345, 1999
Competing with IT: the role of shared IT-business understanding

Studying why some firms derive more competitive advantage and value than others using IT resources.
Suffocation of a littoral Zostera bed by Enteromorpha radiata

A large (about 10 ha), mixed bed of the seagrasses Zostera marina L. (narrow morph) and Zostera noltii Hornem. on the intertidal flats of Langstone Harbour, Hayling Island (Hampshire, UK), has been monitored annually since 1986. No noticeable changes took place in the period 1986–1990. In September 1991 this seagrass bed appeared to be largely destroyed by a thick blanket of the chlorophyte Enteromorpha radiata J. Agardh; most still living Zostera plants were in a bad condition. In August 1992 not a single specimen of Zostera was found growing in the area.
Color stability of provisional crown and fixed partial denture resins.

Statement of problem Provisional resins are used extensively during fixed prosthodontic treatment and exhibit varying degrees of color change/discoloration over time. Data are needed to help predict color stability of provisional resins. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the color change of 12 provisional prosthodontic materials after immersion in artificial saliva and artificial saliva–coffee solutions for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Material and methods Twelve provisional materials were studied. Methacrylates consisted of Alike, Jet, Temporary Bridge Resin, Unifast, and Zeta CC. Bis-acryl resins included Instatemp, Integrity, Luxatemp, Protemp Garant, Provipont, Provitec, and Temphase. Ten specimens (25.4 mm × 25.4 mm × 2.4 mm) of each material were fabricated. Five specimens were stored at 37°C in artificial saliva and 5 were stored in a solution of artificial saliva (400 cc) and coffee (800 cc). Baseline color was measured using a colorimeter. Further color measurements were made after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of immersion. CIE L∗a∗b∗ values were recorded and color differences (ΔE) between baseline and each storage interval were calculated using a 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons in conjunction with an overall α=.05. Results Results indicated the presence of strong interaction between material and storage solution regardless of the aspect of color considered ( P Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, 12 provisional crown and fixed partial denture resins demonstrated varying tendency to discolor over a range of time periods when immersed in artificial saliva and artificial saliva–coffee solutions.
Gender and Competition

Laboratory studies have documented that women often respond less favorably to competition than men. Conditional on performance, men are often more eager to compete, and the performance of men tends to respond more positively to an increase in competition. This means that few women enter and win competitions. We review studies that examine the robustness of these differences as well the factors that may give rise to them. Both laboratory and field studies largely confirm these initial findings, showing that gender differences in competitiveness tend to result from differences in overconfidence and in attitudes toward competition. Gender differences in risk aversion, however, seem to play a smaller and less robust role. We conclude by asking what could and should be done to encourage qualified males and females to compete.
Temperature Variation of the Magnetic Susceptibility, Gyromagnetic Ratio, and Heat Capacity in Sm +++ and Eu +++

Calculations of the magnetic susceptibilities in ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{+++}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+++}$ inclusive of second order Zeeman terms, previously made at $T=300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K only, are extended to include values over a temperature range 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K-800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The value assigned to the screening constant used in computing the multiplet intervals is adjusted to make the theoretical susceptibilities agree as closely as possible with experimental data. This fixes the separation between the lowest two levels with less uncertainty than in existing spectroscopic estimates. The computations show that ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{+++}$ should exhibit an unusual behavior in that, whereas at low temperatures the susceptibility decreases rapidly with increasing temperature, a minimum is reached between 375\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The theoretical values of the temperature coefficients of susceptibility in ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{+++}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+++}$ (both of which are much lower than the Curie value $\frac{1}{T}$) are in satisfactory agreement with experiment when the second order Zeeman terms are included. The other elements in the rare earth group do not deviate appreciably from the Curie law. The present computations show an increase in the gyromagnetic ratio in ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{+++}$ with increasing temperature, in contrast with the behavior in ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+++}$ in which increasing temperature decreases this ratio. The temperature variation of the contribution of the multiplet levels to the heat capacity of ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{+++}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{+++}$ is also calculated.
Aortobronchial Fistula in a Pediatric Patient With Massive Hemoptysis: Treatment by Means of an Aortic Endograft

We present an 11-year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia and hemoptysis from abscess erosion into the descending thoracic aorta. We report a pediatric case of an aortobronchial fistula treated with an aortic endograft and discuss the technical limitations and potential complications of this procedure.
The pulpal effect of freezing temperatures applied to monkey teeth

When temperatures below -80 degrees C, are applied to intact monkey teeth via a liquid nitrogen probe for 1, 2, or 3 minutes, an increasing degree of pulpal damage occurs, but all pulps remain vital. The lesion appears to be predictable and is characterized by a distinct layer of coronal secondary dentin with cellular inclusions, odontoblast destruction, and microvascular injury. The root pulp remains essentially healthy and uninflamed. Periodontal and root tissue damage was also observed.
Transfer by Aerosols of Effects of High Energy Solar Radiation to the Biosphere

THE essential role of the atmosphere in making life possible by excluding from the biosphere high energy radiation, particularly the solar ultraviolet, has long been appreciated. However, a pathway for the indirect transfer of radiation injury to air-breathing animals exists because the stratospheric aerosol layers are exposed to high solar ultraviolet intensities. These particles eventually descend into the lower atmosphere adjacent to the Earth's surface.
NSU3D Results for the Fourth AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop

Simulation results for the Common Research Model transport aircraft performed for the Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop using the unstructured computational fluid dynamics code NSU3D are presented. The solution algorithms employed in NSU3D for this study are described along with examples of convergence history. The Common Research Model aircraft configuration used for the workshop consists of the wing, body, and horizontal tail with no vertical tail or engine nacelles. The computational meshes for this study were provided by NASA Langley Research Center and were prepared with the VGrid package. A complete lift-drag polar is produced in NSU3D on a baseline mesh along with additional runs on refined and coarsened meshes to assess sensitivity to grid resolution. The effect of horizontal tail angle on the drag polar is investigated and the trimmed drag polar calculated. A range of Mach number values are evaluated, and the drag polar and drag rise curves are presented. The effect of Reynolds number is assessed b...
On the geodetic number of permutation graphs

A vertex set S in a graph G is a geodetic set if every vertex of G lies on some u−v geodesic of G, where u,v∈S. The geodetic number g(G) of G is the minimum cardinality over all geodetic sets of G. Let G 1 and G 2 be disjoint copies of a graph G, and let σ:V(G 1)→V(G 2) be a bijection. Then, a permutation graph G σ =(V,E) has the vertex set V=V(G 1)∪V(G 2) and the edge set E=E(G 1)∪E(G 2)∪{uv∣v=σ(u)}. For any connected graph G of order n≥3, we prove the sharp bounds 2≤g(G σ )≤2n−(1+△(G)), where △(G) denotes the maximum degree of G. We give examples showing that neither is there a function h 1 such that g(G)<h 1(g(G σ )) for all pairs (G,σ), nor is there a function h 2 such that h 2(g(G))>g(G σ ) for all pairs (G,σ). Further, we characterize permutation graphs G σ satisfying g(G σ )=2|V(G)|−(1+△(G)) when G is a cycle, a tree, or a complete k-partite graph.
Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries

Several methods have been previously used to approximate free boundaries in finite-difference numerical simulations. A simple, but powerful, method is described that is based on the concept of a fractional volume of fluid (VOF). This method is shown to be more flexible and efficient than other methods for treating complicated free boundary configurations. To illustrate the method, a description is given for an incompressible hydrodynamics code, SOLA-VOF, that uses the VOF technique to track free fluid surfaces.
Application of acoustic emission sensing to slip detection in robot grippers

Abstract This paper discusses the application of acoustic emission signal analysis as a sensing tool for the detection of contact and slip related motion between a workpiece and an end effector. Some results from past work in this area are first reviewed. Different modes of slip motion (rotational and translational) are then discussed. The ability to distinguish between these slip modes is important since it enables the robot to assess the gripping stability and recover positional control of the workpiece. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the sensitivity of the detected acoustic emission signal to these different modes of slip motion. The effects of the gripping force on the detected acoustic emission is also discussed.
Transition Metals for Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition of Parylene-Based Polymers

A novel method for realizing selective growth of parylene-N and parylene-C synthesized by chemical vapor deposition is presented. Exposure of surfaces to transition metals, metal salts, and organometallic complexes, such as those of iron, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, copper, and silver, is found to inhibit polymer deposition on the substrate. The maximum thickness of the selectively grown polymer films is dependent on the monomer delivery rate to the surface and metal inhibitor used, and for lower growth rates on surfaces patterned with iron, structures 1.4 μm and 4.1 μm in thickness are realized for parylene-N and parylene-C, respectively. The selectively deposited polymer films show no overgrowth onto the metallized areas of the substrate and the slope of the feature sidewalls is steeper than 1.1.μm/μm. Once polymer nucleation finally occurs on the metal films, the morphology of the deposited polymer layer reflects the effectiveness of the metal in preventing polymer deposition. For substrates with l...
Hybridization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Rat and Human Erythrocytes

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rats and from humans was partially purified and was inactivated (dissociated) by removing triphosphopyridine nucleotide by repeated washing and dialysis, and then it was reactivated by addition of triphosphopyridine nucleotide and incubation at 25°C. When enzyme from each species was mixed with enzyme from the other during or after inactivation, a new electrophoretic band located between the fast-moving rat dehydrogenase and the slow-moving type B human enzyme appeared. This band is interpreted as representing a hybrid composed of polypeptide chains from each enzyme.
Bank Asset Liability Management Model Based on Multi-period Stochastic Programming

A multi-period stochastic programming model with simple recourse was developed to study the asset and liability management of banks under uncertainties based on the domestic economic environment. The uncertainties in future asset returns and deposit flows of banks were considered and estimated by using the vector auto-regression method. Furthermore, empirical study on Shanghai Pudong development bank was made and compared to the actual situation of the bank. The results show that strategies achieved by the model can avoid the risks brought by the future uncertainties better, and gain more than the actual situation.
The antizyme family: Polyamines and beyond

The family of antizymes functions as regulators of polyamine homeostasis. They are a class of small, inhibitory proteins, whose expression is regulated by a unique ribosomal frameshift mechanism. They have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and possess anti-tumor activity. Antizymes bind ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. They inhibit its enzymatic activity and promote the ubiquitin-independent degradation of ODC by the 26S proteasome. In addition, they also negatively regulate polyamine transport. Antizyme-mediated, ubiquitin-independent degradation of ODC is conserved from yeast to man. But recent data suggest that this degradation pathway might not be restricted to ODC alone and could involve newly discovered antizyme binding partners. Interestingly, antizyme proteins have been strictly preserved over a vast evolutionary timeframe. Antizymes consequently represent an important class of proteins that regulate cell growth and metabolism by a diverse set of mechanisms that include protein degradation, inhibition of enzyme activity, small molecule transport and other, potentially not yet discovered properties.
SU-E-T-231: Comparison of Beam Characteristics of Small Field 6 MeV Electrons as Replacement for Superficial X Ray Beam

Purpose: To compare beam characteristics of superficial X‐rays with 6 MeV Electrons for the purpose of replacing superficial treatments with electron fields for skin lesions. Methods:Electron beam cutouts were made with 12mm thickness cerrobend in diameters 2–5 cm to match superficial X‐ray machine cones. Central axis depth doses and profiles were generated using 0.007 cc Exradin A‐16 ion chamber, in PTW water phantom at 1mm steps, at 96 and 100cm SSD for electron beams, and at 15cm SSD for superficial X‐rays. From the beam data, radiation penumbra 90‐10%, 90% profile width, peripheral dose and percentage depth dose were obtained for comparison. Results: The 90‐10% radiation penumbra was ranging 7.4–13.7 mm, 12.6–17.6 mm for 6 MeV electrons at 96 and 100cm SSD respectively, and 4.2–11.4 mm for 2–5 cm superficial X‐ray cones. For 90% treatment width, a margin ranging 5‐7 mm, 6–9 mm is needed around the periphery of target for 6 MeV Electrons at 96 and 100cm SSD respectively, and 2–3 mm for superficial X‐ray cones. For 96cm SSD, the peripheral dose from the geometrical field edge were 3.9% at 1cm and 0.5% at 2cm. It was 2.6% at 1cm and 0.7% at 2cm for 100cm SSD. For superficial, it was 6.2%, 7.5%, 9.1% at 1cm, and 3.4%, 4.3%, 5.6% at 2cm for 100 kV, 120 kV and 150 kV respectively. The electron surface dose was below 90%. Conclusion: 6 MeV Electron beam shows high superiority with rapid fall off of dose beyond target with lower peripheral dose compared to superficial X‐rays. However, the electrons need higher margin around the target and also need appropriate bolus thickness to increase skindose. The dose at depth beyond 2cm makes very significant advantage using electrons compared to superficial X‐rays.
The role of tissue plasminogen activator use and systemic hypercoagulability in central line-associated bloodstream infections.

Background Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) impact patient outcomes and increase cost of hospitalization. In situ thrombus is known to promote microbial adhesion and colonization and potentially lead to CLABSI. Clinical validation of this theory, adjusting for presence of systemic hypercoagulability, is needed. Methods This study is a retrospective review of all adult and pediatric patients with peripherally inserted central catheter placement over a 4-year period at our tertiary care center. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) use was utilized as indicator for line site thrombus. CLABSIs rates were compared in patients with or without TPA use, adjusting for the presence of hypercoagulable conditions, age, and severity of illness. Results A total of 3,723 patients with peripherally inserted central catheter lines was evaluated, 40% of whom received TPA. The adjusted odds of developing a CLABSI was 3.59 times greater in those patients who received TPA compared with those who did not (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86-6.94). Neither severity of illness (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% CI: 0.51-1.96) nor primary (OR, 3.41; 95% CI: 0.43-26.7) or secondary hypercoagulability (OR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.44-1.88) were statistically associated with a higher risk of infection. Conclusion The use of TPA, as a possible indicator in situ thrombus, was associated with a higher risk of developing CLABSI. Neither primary nor secondary hypercoagulability was correlated with risk of developing CLABSI.
Learning styles, a correlational study in engineering students

The investigation was originated in the proposal of the Master of Teaching in the Macro Project on Teaching Styles, Learning, Cognitive, and particularly in the line of Learning Styles, which are involved authors such as Kolb, Grasha-Riechmann and Alonso-Gallego-Honey. The diversity of instruments in the Learning Styles in a certain way has prevented the educational approach based on theories of learning styles take stronger teaching, has also made it lose validity in the eyes of the educational community, making it more difficult and less implement relevant educational processes based on learning styles. Making a historical in the evolution of Learning Styles, we see that some studies have compiled the various approaches to learning styles depending on the item to stress, psychological, cognitive, and so on. But little is known about studies that been devoted to relate the models proposed categorizations Learning Styles. Based on the foregoing, the study of the possible relationship between the categories proposed by Grasha — Riechmann (1976), Kolb (1974) and Alonso, Gallego and Honey (1991) was the primary purpose of this project and for this purpose test applied to the respective classification proposed by the same authors to sixty-three (63) students in engineering, then this information is analyzed to look for possible correlations between the ratings result of applying the three tests on students. The analysis of the project is implemented through the correlation, which is a statistical process that results in the index of relationship between two or more variables and allows us to see if the process is somehow a characteristic equation is linear or no. Here the correlation is used to relate the categories of learning styles and determine its value, then graphing the result and then get the equation that characterizes the process of Learning Styles relationship.