cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postoperative pelvic vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism detected by indium 111-labeled platelet imaging: A case report

cl\ lglyccrol \\‘;Is tletected ill none of the amniotic Huid sarnplr\, although 11011e of the baby baboons born at term developed hyaline membrane disease. Compared 10 Iluman amniotic fluid. fluid from baboons had much Iightel lecithin spots on the chromatograms, suggesting low colicentrations of lecithin, even at ter-m. Of the eigllt surfactants purihed from amniotic fluid obtained at term, none contained detectable amounts of phosphatidvlgiyc.erol, yet six of’ seven surfactants purified from products of lung lavage did contain phosphatidylglycerol. These I./S ratio data al-c quite similar to those previousl~, reported in baboons.’ Compared to human>. baboons have low L/S ratios at term as well as a suggestion of lower overall concentrations of lecithins. The absence of phosphatidylglycerol at term, similar to that observed in sheep, is of great interest. Three explanations are possible: (I ) Baboon fetuses produce no phosphatidylgfycerol; (2) phosphatidylglyterol is prcsent in amniotic Huicl but its concentration is too low to be detected; (3) phosphatidylglycerol is present in the lungs but is not excreted into the amniotic, fluid. The absence of ~~~losphatidylglvcer-ol in concentrated hutfactants purified from am~‘lioric Huid and its present< in surktants purified f.rom lung lavagc point to thr third explanation. These data have two implications for perinatal care and research. First, absence of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic Huid should not be assumed to imply absence of phosphatidylgl~cerol in alveolar fluid. Second, since phosphatidylglycerol appears to be necessary to maintain alveolar stability, surfactants purified from amniotic fiuid should be tested for phosphatidylglycerol prior to use in trials ofsurfactant replacement. Furthet research into the mechanism of lecithin excretion into amniotic fluid is needed.
Positive Ion Counting for Mass Spectrometer Beam Currents of 10 -14 to 10 -19 Ampere

A reliable method for detecting and recording very small ion beam currents is described. A twenty-stage electron multiplier is used in conjunction with scalers and other circuitry for counting individual positive ions. Advantages and limitations of this method, as applied to mass spectrometer problems, are discussed.
First report of leaf smut of Gaillardia × grandiflora caused by Entyloma gaillardianum in North America.

In the summer of 2009, a leaf spot disease occurred on 100% of Gaillardia × grandiflora cv. Goblin in a commercial nursery in coastal Monterey Co., CA. Nearly all of the affected plants were unsala...
Selected Organic Solvents as Electroosmotic Velocity Markers in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

Abstract This study examines typical organic solvents which may be used for analyte dissolution and as reference solvent for determination of electroosmotic velocity. Five solvents were investigated: acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, l-propanol, and tetrahydrofuran at SDS concentrations of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mM. A precise method for measuring electroosmotic velocity is presented which minimizes run to run variations and yields electroosmotic velocities that are reproducible. Tetrahydrofuran exhibits the greatest electroosmotic velocity at 40 mM SDS, while 1-propanol has the lowest electroosmotic velocity at 40 mM SDS. Acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol are determined to have electroosmotic velocities that are approximately the same at 40 mM SDS. At 60,80, 100, and 120 mM SDS the migration velocity of each of the five solvents decreased linearly under our operating conditions and are approximately the same at each of these SDS concentrations.
Complications of Transthoracic Intracardiac Catheters In Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients • 194

Complications of Transthoracic Intracardiac Catheters In Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients • 194
Friendship and Transition in Early Adulthood

Summary Research on development in early adulthood is meager despite the existence of theories which focus on this period. There is evidence that friends may play a role in the resolution of issues facing young adults. This study was undertaken to explore the nature of support which friends may render in early adulthood. Specific issues were selected from the theories of Erikson, Levinson, and Keniston. These were presented to 81 college women who indicated how frequently they discuss the issues with friends and with family. The results showed that young adult females are more likely to discuss issues of early adulthood with friends than with family, particularly the issues of personal values, friendship, and relationships with the opposite sex. Some directions for future research examining the specific mechanisms of friendship support are discussed.
Enhancement of Mutagenicity by the Fractions of Cellulose Pyrolysate

Mutation enhancing activity of the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in the fractions of cellulose pyrolysate toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was determined.The eluate with 50% benzene in hexane from silica gel column showed the highest activity, and this portion was further fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column, thin layer and gas chromatography to separate the active components.Results indicated that some of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene, and their derivatives in the pyrolysate might contribute to enhancement of the mutagenicity of AAF.
Optimal buffer size and dynamic rate control for a queueing system with impatient customers in heavy traffic

We address a rate control problem associated with a single server Markovian queueing system with customer abandonment in heavy traffic. The controller can choose a buffer size for the queueing system and also can dynamically control the service rate (equivalently the arrival rate) depending on the current state of the system. An infinite horizon cost minimization problem is considered here. The cost function includes a penalty for each rejected customer, a control cost related to the adjustment of the service rate and a penalty for each abandoning customer. We obtain an explicit optimal strategy for the limiting diffusion control problem (the Brownian control problem or BCP) which consists of a threshold-type optimal rejection process and a feedback-type optimal drift control. This solution is then used to construct an asymptotically optimal control policy, i.e. an optimal buffer size and an optimal service rate for the queueing system in heavy traffic. The properties of generalized regulator maps and weak convergence techniques are employed to prove the asymptotic optimality of this policy. In addition, we identify the parameter regimes where the infinite buffer size is optimal.
ON THE CONJUGACY OF REAL CARTAN SUBALGEBRAS. I.

Among the questions which have been raised concerning the structure of a connected semisimple Lie group are those relating to conjugacy of its Cartan subgroups.
Telephone circuit evaluation for data transmission

When using a telephone circuit for data transmission, the effect of certain characteristics on the transmitted data signals have to be evalu ated. Because of the random nature of many of these disturbances, re course is made to statistical methods based on extended tests using special measuring equipment and computer-based data reduction methods. From these, mathematical models of the various circuits can be fommiated whereby the optimum arrangement of the transmitted data and the effectiveness of various error detection and correction systems, can be determined.
Overeating induced by progesterone in the ovariectomized, adrenalectomized rat

Abstract Progesterone causes increased food intake in the intact female rat. Ovariectomy abolishes this effect. We find that adrenalectomy restores it: Ovariectomized, adrenalectomized rats respond to progesterone as do intact rats. Therefore, the effect does not require the ovary or its other products.
A methodology for engine design using multi-dimensional modelling and genetic algorithms with validation through experiments:

AbstractA methodology for internal combustion engine design has been formulated which incorporates multidimensional modelling and experiments to optimize and simulate direct injection diesel engine combustion and emissions formation. The computer code KIVA-GA performs full-cycle engine simulations within the framework of a genetic algorithm (GA) global optimization code. The methodology is applied to optimize a heavy-duty diesel truck engine. The study simultaneously investigated the effects of six engine input parameters on emissions and performance for a high-speed medium-load operating point. The start of injection (SOI), injection pressure, amount of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), boost pressure and split injection rate shape were optimized. The convergence of the GA optimization process is demonstrated and the results were compared to those of the experimental optimization study employing a response surface method (RSM), which uses statistically designed experiments to determine an optimum design. ...
Sleep and Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination

Study objectives Experimental evidence links poor sleep with susceptibility to infectious illness; however, it remains to be determined if naturally occurring sleep is associated with immune responses known to play a role in protection against infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep quality, assessed in the natural environment, predict magnitude of antibody responses to a novel antigen among community volunteers in midlife. Design Observational. Measurements and results Healthy midlife adults (n = 125; 70 female; age 40-60 yr) received the standard 3-dose hepatitis B vaccination series. Actigraphy and electronic sleep diaries were used to assess sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality. Viral-specific antibody titers were obtained prior to the 2nd and 3rd vaccination to assess primary and secondary antibody responses. Clinical protection status (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen immunoglobulin G ≥ 10 mIU/ml) was assessed 6 mo after the final immunization. Regression analyses revealed that shorter actigraphy-based sleep duration was associated with a lower secondary antibody response independent of age, sex, body mass index, and response to the initial immunization. Shorter sleep duration, measured by actigraphy and sleep diary, also predicted a decreased likelihood of being clinically protected from hepatitis B at the conclusion of the vaccination series. Neither sleep efficiency nor subjective sleep quality were significant predictors of antibody response. Conclusions Short sleep duration in the natural environment may negatively affect in vivo antibody responses to novel antigens, providing a possible explanation for observed associations of poor sleep with increased susceptibility to infectious disease.
Identification of a GDI displacement factor that releases endosomal Rab GTPases from Rab–GDI

Prenylated Rab GTPases occur in the cytosol in their GDP‐bound conformations bound to a cytosolic protein termed GDP‐dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Rab–GDI complexes represent a pool of active, recycling Rab proteins that can deliver Rabs to specific and distinct membrane‐bound compartments. Rab delivery to cellular membranes involves release of GDI, and the membrane‐associated Rab protein then exchanges its bound GDP for GTP. We report here the identification of a novel, membrane‐associated protein factor that can release prenylated Rab proteins from GDI. This GDI‐displacement factor (GDF) is not a guanine nucleotide exchange factor because it did not influence the intrinsic rates of nucleotide exchange by Rabs 5, 7 or 9. Rather, GDF caused the release of each of these endosomal Rabs from GDI, permitting them to exchange nucleotide at their intrinsic rates. GDF displayed the greatest catalytic rate enhancement on Rab9–GDI complexes. However, catalytic rate enhancement paralleled the potency of GDI in blocking nucleotide exchange: GDI was shown to be most potent in blocking nucleotide exchange by Rab9. The failure of GDF to act on Rab1–GDI complexes suggests that it may be specific for endosomal Rab proteins. This novel, membrane‐associated activity may be part of the machinery used to localize Rabs to their correct intracellular compartments.
Multiple view motion estimation and control for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle

We present a multiple view algorithm for vision based landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Our algorithm is based on our results in multiple view geometry which exploit the rank deficiency of the so called multiple view matrix. We show how the use of multiple views significantly improves motion and structure estimation. We compare our algorithm to our previous linear and non-linear two-view algorithms using an actual flight test. Our results show that the vision-based state estimates are accurate to within 7cm in each axis of translation and 4 degrees in each axis of rotation.
Dark matter: are mice the solution to missing heritability?

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans have identified hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with complex traits, yet for most traits studied, the sum total of all these identified variants fail to explain a significant portion of the heritable variation. Reasons for this “missing heritability” are thought to include the existence of rare causative variants not captured by current genotyping arrays, structural variants that go undetected by existing technology, insufficient power to identify multi-gene interactions, small sample sizes, and the influence of environmental and epigenetic effects. As genotyping technologies have evolved it has become inexpensive and relatively straightforward to perform GWAS in mice. Mice offer a powerful tool for elucidating the genetic architecture of behavioral and physiological traits, and are complementary to human studies. Unlike F2 crosses of inbred strains, advanced intercross lines, heterogeneous stocks, outbred, and wild-caught mice have more rapid breakdown of linkage disequilibrium which allow for increasingly high resolution mapping. Because some of these populations are created using a small number of founder chromosomes they are not expected to harbor rare alleles. We discuss the differences between these mouse populations and examine their potential to overcome some of the pitfalls that have plagued human GWAS studies.
In vivo diffusion of immunoglobulin G in muscle: effects of binding, solute exclusion, and lymphatic removal.

Previously, we demonstrated that immunoglobulin G (IgG), dissolved in an isotonic solution in the peritoneal cavity, transported rapidly into the abdominal wall when the intraperitoneal (ip) pressu...
A low-voltage low-power comparator With current-controlled dynamically-biased preamplifiers For DCM buck regulators

Comparator-controlled power switch has been widely used to improve power efficiencies of discontinuous-conduction-mode (DCM) buck regulators. Some major design challenges are capabilities of the comparator to operate at low voltage and dissipate low power for low-voltage DCM buck regulators having high power efficiencies under light-load condition. This paper presents a new comparator with current-controlled dynamically-biased preamplifiers. Current-controlled dynamic biasing (CCDB) is developed to lower the required supply voltage for realizing the autozeroing technique in the preamplifier, thereby allowing the proposed comparator to operate at lower supply voltage compared to that using conventional preamplifiers. The proposed CCDB technique also minimizes the current consumption of the comparator under different input amplitudes. Implemented in a standard 0.35-µm CMOS process with V thn ≈ ∣V thp ∣ = 0.7 V, the comparator can operate down to 1.2 V and achieve 8-bit resolution at 20 MS/s while only consuming 7-µA current.
As time goes by: Evidence for two systems in processing space → time metaphors

Temporal language is often couched in spatial metaphors. English has been claimed to have two space → time metaphoric systems: the ego-moving metaphor, wherein the observer's context progresses along the time-line towards the future, and the time-moving metaphor, wherein time is conceived of as a river or conveyor belt on which events are moving from the future to the past. In three experiments, we investigated the psychological status of these metaphors by asking subjects to carry out temporal inferences stated in terms of spatial metaphors. In Experiment 1, we found that subjects were slowed in their processing when the assertions shifted from one spatial metaphoric system to the other. In Experiment 2, we determined that this cost of shifting could not be attributed to local lexical factors. In Experiment 3, we again found this metaphor consistency effect in a naturalistic version of the study in which we asked commonsense time questions of passengers at an airport. The results of the three studies pro...
Direct Low-Temperature Integration of Nanocrystalline Diamond with GaN Substrates for Improved Thermal Management of High-Power Electronics

A novel approach for the direct synthetic diamond–GaN integration via deposition of the high-quality nanocrystalline diamond fi lms directly on GaN substrates at temperatures as low as 450–500 ° C is reported. The low deposition temperature allows one to avoid degradation of the GaN quality, which is essential for electronic applications The specially tuned growth conditions resulted in the large crystalline diamond grain size of 100–200 nm without coarsening. Using the transient “hot disk” measurements it is demonstrated that the effective thermal conductivity of the resulting diamond/ GaN composite wafers is higher than that of the original GaN substrates at elevated temperatures. The thermal crossover point is reached at ≈ 95–125 ° C depending on the thickness of the deposited fi lms. The developed deposition technique and obtained thermal characterization data can lead to a new method of thermal management of the high power GaN electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Estimating net community production in the Southern Ocean based on atmospheric potential oxygen and satellite ocean color data

(1) The seasonal cycle of atmospheric potential oxygen (APOO2 + 1.1 CO2) reflects three seasonally varying ocean processes: 1) thermal in- and outgassing, 2) mixed layer net community production (NCP) and 3) deep water ventilation. Previous studies have isolated the net biological seasonal signal (i.e., the sum of NCP and ventilation), after using air-sea heat flux data to estimate the thermal signal. In this study, we resolve all three components of the APO seasonal cycle using a methodology in which the ventilation signal is estimated based on atmospheric N2O data, the thermal signal is estimated based on heat flux or atmospheric Ar/N2 data, and the production signal is inferred as a residual. The isolation of the NCP signal in APO allows for direct comparison to estimates of NCP based on satellite ocean color data, after translating the latter into an atmospheric signal using an atmospheric transport model. When applied to ocean color data using algorithms specially adapted to the Southern Ocean and APO data at three southern monitoring sites, these two independent methods converge on a similar phase and amplitude of the seasonal NCP signal in APO and yield an estimate of annual mean NCP south of 50°S of 0.8-1.2 Pg C/yr, with corresponding annual mean NPP of � 3 Pg C/yr and a mean growing season f ratio of � 0.33. These results are supported by ocean biogeochemistry model simulations, in which air-sea O2 and N2O fluxes are resolved into component thermal, ventilation and (for O2) NCP contributions. Citation: Nevison, C. D., R. F. Keeling, M. Kahru, M. Manizza, B. G. Mitchell, and N. Cassar (2012), Estimating net community production in the Southern Ocean based on atmospheric potential oxygen and satellite ocean color data, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, GB1020, doi:10.1029/2011GB004040.
Clinical Response to Aminoglycoside Therapy: Importance of the Ratio of Peak Concentration to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

In an examination of the relationships among plasma aminoglycoside concentrations, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the infecting organism, and therapeutic outcome, data were analyzed from 236 patients with gram-negative bacterial infections who were participants in four clinical trials of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. Clinical response to therapy occurred in 188 (80%) patients. Elevated maximal and mean peak aminoglycoside concentration/MIC ratios were strongly associated with clinical response (P less than .00001 and P less than .0001, respectively). A graded dose-response effect was found between an increasing maximal peak concentration/MIC ratio and clinical response. By logistic regression the peak concentration/MIC ratios were associated significantly with clinical response after adjustment for underlying severity of illness and other factors correlated with response. These results demonstrate that a high peak concentration relative to the MIC for the infecting organism is a major determinant of the clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy.
An improved indirect field-oriented controller for the induction motor

In this paper, the standard indirect field-oriented controller (IFOC) commonly used in current-fed induction motor drives is modified to achieve global exponential rotor velocity/rotor flux tracking. The modifications to the IFOC scheme, which involve the injection of nonlinear terms into the current control input and the so-called desired rotor flux angle dynamics, facilitate the construction of a standard Lyapunov stability argument. The construction of a standard Lyapunov exponential stability argument allows one to easily design adaptive controllers to compensate for parametric uncertainty associated with the mechanical load. Simulation results are included to illustrate the improvement in performance over the standard IFOC scheme.
Quantitative model for the interecho time dependence of the CPMG relaxation rate in iron-rich gray matter.

A quantitative model is proposed for computing the dependence on the interecho time of the NMR relaxation rate in iron-rich gray matter obtained with a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. The model consists of representing oligodendrocytes as identical magnetic spheres arranged in a spatially random pattern, and in approximating water diffusion as isotropic and unrestricted. Predictions of the model are calculated numerically using a Monte Carlo technique and, for the weak field limit, using an analytic formula. The model is shown to provide a good fit to experimental measurements of in vitro samples of monkey brain at field levels of 1.0 T and 1.5 T. These field levels are not sufficient to fully determine the model parameters, but it is argued that this may be possible at 3.0 T. The model is potentially of value for multiple-spin-echo MRI studies of iron-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. In particular, the model can be applied to correlate MRI data with the cellular distribution of iron in gray matter. Magn Reson Med 46:159–165, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A microfluidic device for separating motile sperm from nonmotile sperm via inter-streamline crossings

In vitro fertilization using small amounts of cryopreserved sperm would benefit from efficient microscale methods to sort "healthy" motile sperm from nonmotile ones. This paper describes a microfluidic system with embedded reservoirs that sorts sperm based on the ability of motile sperm to move out of their initial streamlines in a laminar fluid stream. The device has horizontally oriented sample inlet and outlet reservoirs with different relative heights that serve the dual purpose of also being a pumping system that pumps fluids by hydrostatic pressure and surface tension. Sperm sorting is necessary for cryopreservation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection of sperm from men with low viable sperm counts. Since they have few viable sperm, it is difficult to obtain the sperm in an efficient manner using current procedures.
Knowledge Management and Academic Libraries

The emerging field of knowledge management offers academic libraries the opportunity to improve effectiveness, both for themselves and their parent institutions. This article summarizes knowledge management theory. Current applications in academic libraries and higher education are described. Similarities and differences between knowledge management and academic library practices are discussed. Issues needing resolution are presented.
Cache inclusion and processor sampling in multiprocessor simulations

The evaluation of cache-based systems demands careful simulations of entire benchmarks. Simulation efficiency is essential to realistic evaluations. For systems with large caches and large number of processors, simulation is often too slow to be practical. In particular, the optimized design of a cache for a multiprocessor is very complex with current techniques.This paper addresses these problems. First we introduce necessary and sufficient conditions for cache inclusion in systems with invalidations. Second, under cache inclusion, we show that an accurate trace for a given processor or for a cluster of processors can be extracted from a multiprocessor trace. With this methodology, possible cache architectures for a processor or for a cluster of processors are evaluated independently of the rest of the system, resulting in a drastic reduction of the trace length and simulation complexity. Moreover, many important system-wide metrics can be estimated with good accuracy by extracting the traces of a set of randomly selected processors, an approach we call processor sampling. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of these techniques by applying them to three 64-processor traces.
An Establishment-Level Test of the Statistical Discrimination Hypothesis:

This article explores the basic assumption of statistical discrimination theory, which holds that women and minorities earn lower wages because they, on average, have lower productivity. Employer exploitation of women and minorities and social closure by advantaged employees are advanced as alternative explanations for the lower wages of women and minorities. The authors first demonstrate that there are substantial gender and racial wage penalties net of human capital for a sample of employees. The primary analysis focuses on the sample of private-for-profit establishments in which these individuals are employed. Establishment productivity as well as aggregate salaries and wages and profits are regressed on the sex and race composition of the establishment with other factors that may influence establishment productivity. Findings show that neither the sex nor race compositions of the workplace are associated with productivity. The authors interpret the results to be most consistent with a social closure a...
Testing 'Economy in Design' in Plants: are the Petioles and Rachises of Leaves 'Designed' According to the Principle of Uniform Strength?

Abstract Fifteen petioles and rachises from three dicotyledon species (Acer saccharum, A. negundo, and Aesculus hippocastanum), a palm (Chamaedorea erumpens), and a fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) were used to test the hypothesis of 'economy in design' in terms of the design principle of uniform strength, i.e. a beam in which the section modulus (Z) varies along beam-length (L) in the same proportion as the bending moment (M). Such a beam is 'economical' regarding the amount of material used in its 'construction' because each of its cross section has the minimum transverse area required to satisfy the conditions of strength. The extent to which the morphology of a petiole or rachis conformed with this design principle was initially evaluated by normalizing Z (measured at a distance, x, from the tip of a petiole or rachis) with respect to the magnitude of Z measured at the base of the petiole. The normalized values were plotted against normalized petiole-rachis length (x/L). The design principle was judged to be demonstrated when such a plot was found to be isometric, i.e. when the plot had a slope of unity. This procedure was tested further by plotting M/Z vs. x/L for representative leaves of C. erumpens and A. saccharum, and judged adequate. The allometries of all six simple/palmate leaves were found not agree with the design principle. The taperings of nine petioles and rachises from pinnate leaves were consistent with the design principle. This was interpreted to provide circumstantial evidence for 'economy in design' in the petioles of some pinnate leaves and evidence that the mechanical 'design' of the petioles of some simple/palmate leaves differs substantially from that of pinnate leaves.
CLIMATE CHANGE IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK: IS THE DROUGHT-RELATED RISK OF WILDFIRES INCREASING?

The increased frequency of wildfires in the United States has become a common prediction associated with the build-up of greenhouse gases. In this investigation, variations in annual wildfire data in Yellowstone National Park are compared to variations in historical climate conditions for the area. Univariate and multivariate analytical techniques reveal that (a) summer temperatures in the Park are increasing, (b) January-June precipitation levels are decreasing, and (c) variations in burn area within the Park are significantly related to the observed variations in climate. Outputs from four different general circulation model simulations for 2 × CO2 are included in the analyses; model predictions for increasing aridity in the Yellowstone Park area are generally in agreement with observed trends in the historical climate records.
Prevalence and Treatment of Frotteurism in the Community: A Systematic Review

This article describes a systematic review of prevalence studies on frotteurism. We searched the following databases for previously published, peer-reviewed studies that used suitable diagnostic methods in adult nonclinical samples: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Pubmed, AccessMedicine, Cochrane Library, Books@Ovid, DynaMed, Micromedex, Science Direct, and SciVerse Scopus. We conducted multiple searches using the following terms: frotteu*, frottage, frotteurism, paraphilia, paraphilic, courtship disorder, prevalence, treatment, diagnosis, and chikan, and we evaluated the articles by using a six-point epidemiologic quality tool. We identified four prevalence studies, all of which were of limited methodological quality. Limitations included small sample sizes, the use of local rather than national samples, the failure to apply DSM or ICD-9 diagnostic criteria, and the lack of assessment regarding the reliability of diagnostic tools. One small study, a statistical outlier, reported a prevalence of 35 percent. In the three other studies, the prevalence of frotteurism was 7.9 percent, 9.1 percent, and 9.7 percent. We found no studies addressing treatment that met our inclusion criteria. Our findings reveal a need to develop more rigorous research on this topic.
Liberating Legal Education from the Judicial Model

The emphasis in legal pedagogy on the judicial model of legal decisionmaking comes at the expense of adequate attention to the lawmaking activities of legislators and administrative regulators. The judicial model acquaints students with the development of law through the resolution of articulated disputes among specifically identifies parties. But most leave law school ill-prepared to be effective advocates and advisors for clients involved with legislative and regulatory decision makers. This observation resonates with the laments of some legal scholars over several decades, yet the problem persists. This essay delineates how legislative and regulatory decisionmaking differ from litigation in ways that make the judicial model an insufficient basis for instruction. It summarizes the implications of those distinctions for legal education and society beyond the legal academy. Finally, this essay offers reasons for problem's persistence and recommends ways in which legal educators and publishers of legal instruction materials can make useful changes.
Herbicidal activity of mustard seed meal (Sinapis alba ‘IdaGold’ and Brassica juncea ‘Pacific Gold’) on weed emergence

Abstract Mustard seed meals (MSMs) are by-products resulting from crushing mustard seeds to provide biofuel. MSMs have been applied as bio-herbicides due to the release of active glucosinolates hydrolysis products. Three experiments were conducted to determine the herbicidal activity of MSM (Sinapis alba ‘IdaGold’ and Brassica juncea ‘Pacific Gold’) in two weed species, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). In petri dishes, MSMs were applied at 0, 50, 100, 200 or 300 g/m2. In greenhouse containers, MSMs were applied on the surface or incorporated with germination mix at 0, 1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 g/pot. In outdoor containers, MSMs were incorporated with germination mix at 0, 1.5 or 3.0 g/pot. In petri dishes, emergence percentage (EP) and emergence index (EI) of large crabgrass were lower in ‘Pacific Gold’ than ‘IdaGold’ under unsealed conditions, and EP and EI were lower under sealed than unsealed conditions at all rates. In greenhouse containers, the EP and EI of crabgrass were lower in ‘Pacific Gold’ than ‘IdaGold’ when applied on the surface at 3.0 and 4.5 g/pot, while EP and EI was lower in ‘Pacific Gold’ when applied at 1.5 to 4.5 g/pot under both two methods. The EP of amaranth was lower in ‘IdaGold’ than ‘Pacific Gold’ at 1.5 g/pot under both methods, while EI was lower in ‘Pacific Gold’ when applied on the surface than incorporated. In outdoor containers, EP and EI of crabgrass were lower in ‘Pacific Gold’ than ‘IdaGold’ at 3.0 g/pot. These results demonstrated that ‘IdaGold’ might have better herbicidal efficacy on Palmer amaranth (broadleaf weeds), whereas ‘Pacific Gold’ was more effective on large crabgrass (grass weeds).
Risk stratification and skin testing to guide re-exposure in taxane-induced hypersensitivity reactions

Background The optimal approach to patients with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to taxanes has not been established. Objective We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of risk stratification based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin testing for guiding taxane reintroduction in patients with an HSR to these agents. Methods Data on 164 patients treated for a taxane-related HSR from April 2011 to August 2014 at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital were collected retrospectively. Patients were re-exposed to taxanes either through desensitization, challenge, or regular infusion based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin test response. Depending on the initial risk stratification and tolerance to re-exposure, patients were then treated with shorter desensitization protocols, challenge, or both with the aim of resuming regular infusions, except in patients with a severe immediate initial HSR. Results Of 138 patients desensitized, 29 (21%) had an immediate and 20 (14%) had a delayed HSR with the procedure. Of 49 patients challenged, 2 (4%) had a mild immediate and 1 (2%) had a delayed HSR with the procedure. No patients had a severe immediate HSR with desensitization or challenge. Thirty-six (22%) patients eventually resumed regular infusions. These patients were more likely to have negative skin test responses and to have experienced a delayed or mild immediate initial HSR. Conclusions Risk stratification based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin testing to guide taxane reintroduction is safe and allows a significant number of patients to resume regular infusions.
Identification Update of Aerodynamic Models with Sensor Consistency Checks

*This paper focuses on the improvement of identification techniques in updating nonlinear aerodynamic coefficient models enhancing the efficiency of the parameter identification process. An aerodynamic parametric model (usually determined from wind tunnel tests) is assumed to be known. Time history analysis is used for the identification process. This study develops and implements sensor consistency models to check the accuracy of flight data used in parameter identification. The newly developed models are tested using discrete simulation data taken using elevator and rudder doublet inputs. The simulation data includes sensor models with real-world effects (e.g., sensor noise, scale factor, biases, etc) with additional aerodynamic model increment factors to investigate the effectiveness of the identification technique. Results of the improved identification technique indicate the effectiveness of updating a nonlinear aerodynamic model and determining sensor biases and scale factors independent of the aerodynamic parameter estimation.
Abstract 4079: Pilot study of copper chaperon ATOX1 in oncogenesis of colon cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL INTRODUCTION: Copper is an essential element for normal function of many cellular enzymes. Copper homeostasis is maintained by a delicate network of copper transporters, which include human copper transporter 1(hCtr1), ATP7A, ATP7B, and copper chaperons including ATOX1, CCS, and Cox17. It has been known that copper is required for cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Human tumor xenografts in mice with increased uptake of radioactive copper could be localized with positron emission tomography. Copper hypermetabolism might play a role in oncogenesis of human cancers. Recently, it was reported that ATOX1 is a transcription factor involved in copper-stimulated cell proliferation. In this pilot study, we analyzed expression of ATOX in human colon cancer tissues compared with its expression in normal colon tissues. In addition, preliminary experiments were conducted to study potential role of ATOX1 in oncogenesis of colon cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to compare expression of ATOX1 in colon cancer tissues and normal colon tissues. A lentiviral vector encoding short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific for ATOX1 (Lenti-ATOX-shRNA) was constructed and used to transduce HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. Suppression of ATOX1 in HCT-116 cells transduced with Lenti-ATOX-shRNA (ATOX1-shRNA-HCT116) was confirmed by Western blot. MTT assay was conducted to assess effect of ATOX1 silencing on proliferation and sensitivity of ATOX1-shRNA-HCT-116 cells to copper, cisplatin and copper 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazide complex (CuHQTS), a new anticancer copper complex. The HCT-116 cells transduced by a lentivirus encoding a scramble shRNA (Scramble-shRNA-HCT116) were used as control. RESULTS: Over-expression of ATOX1 is identified in all of human colon cancer tissue samples (N=10), compared with expression of ATOX1 in normal colon tissue samples (N=10). Suppression of ATOX1 with ATOX1-shRNA in HCT116 cells was confirmed by Western blot assay. However, the results of MTT assay revealed no significant effect of ATOX1 silencing on proliferation and sensitivity of ATOX1-shRNA HCT116 cells to copper chloride, cisplatin, and CuHQTS, compared with proliferation and sensitivity of Scramble-shRNA-HCT116 to these drugs. CONCLUSIONS: ATOX1 holds potential as a new biomarker of colon cancer. Additional studies are necessary to determine the role of ATOX1 and other copper transporters in oncogenesis of colon cancer. Key words: colon cancer, copper metabolism, copper chaperon, ATOX1 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4079. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4079
Zircon growth and recrystallization during progressive metamorphism, Barrovian zones, Scotland

The effects of progressive metamorphism (Grampian orogeny) and later tectonic activity on detrital zircon in the Barrovian zones of Scotland were studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and backscattered electron imaging (BSE). Fifteen samples recording progressive metamorphism from the chlorite through the sillimanite–K-feldspar zones were investigated by: (1) SIMS U-Pb depth profiling into rims of unpolished zircon grains to analyze sub-micrometer-scale features, and (2) conventional spot analysis on sectioned and polished grains. Spot analyses of zircon interiors yield pre-metamorphic detrital ages for all metamorphic grades. Most are in the range ca. 600 to ca. 2000 Ma, but some stretch back to the Archean. Younger ages are recorded in zircon rims, but zircon rim alteration at lower metamorphic grades occurs over much shorter length scales (the outer ~80 nm to ~1 μm of the grain) than in the upper amphibolite to granulite facies (rims of 10 to 30 μm). For example, Grampian (~470 Ma) metamorphism from the garnet and kyanite zones affected only the outermost rims (
Economic freedom and social capital: pooled mean group evidence

ABSTRACTThis article uses annual US-state-level data from 1986 to 2004 and pooled-mean group estimation based on Pesaran et al. (1999) to examine whether economic freedom influences social capital. We find economic freedom has a negative effect on our social capital measure. This result is driven by the labour market component of freedom which is indicative of the relationship between labour market freedom and Olson-type group social capital.
What Have We Learned from 9/11? The Importance of Human Resource Crisis Planning

The terrorism events of September 11, 2001, unleashed feelings of shock and fear in employees working in corporations across the United States of America. The far-reaching consequences of the terrorist attacks in the United States, and the global wake-up call concerning the widespread nature of terrorism impacted corporations on an unprecedented scale and magnitude. Such dramatic events demanded a quick and immediate response on the part of human resource professionals to resolve employee concerns about their own security and the adequacy of security policies in the corporations in which they work. But have companies since then adequately addressed the concerns of employees to make their workplaces safer and more secure? How have companies reacted to the prospect of continuing terrorism in the worldwide global landscape?
Cerebral hypotension and shock lung syndrome.

Pressure studies of systemic hemorrhagic hypotension at 40 mm. Hg for 2 hours showed the initial change to be small pulmonary vein (SPV) constriction.1 Subsequently, during shock and particularly after reinfusion, gradients developed across the alveolar capillary bed. Hypoxia of the central nervous system is considered to be one of the prime factors in the pathogenesis of the shock lung syndrome. Cerebral hypotension can be produced by slight hemorrhage and ligation of both the right brachiocephalic and the left subclavian arteries. By this procedure, we maintained the cerebral blood pressure at 40 mm. Hg while keeping the systemic blood pressure at control levels. Nevertheless, the pulmonary pressure studies conducted in animals with cerebral hypotension did not show any significant pressure or gradient changes even though cerebral neurologic disorders were caused by the procedure. Cinemicroscopically, damage was minimal, and the microcirculatory pattern was that of the normal animal.
Some physico-chemical properties of aqueous solutions of Nα-acyl-L-histidine

Abstract The critical micelle concentrations of aqueous solutions of N α -acyl-L-histidine have been determined by the spectral shift method with Rhodamine 6G and by the light scattering method. With the spectral shift method critical micelle concentrations of 40, 9.0, 1.0, 0.11, and 0.012 mM were obtained for N α -acyl-L-histidine containing saturated acids of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 carbons respectively, at 45°C and pH 8.6 in the absence of added salt. For the homologs containing 10, 12, and 14 carbon acids, critical micelle concentration of 9.0, 1.0, and 0.11 mM were determined by the light scattering method. The light scattering studies yield micelle weights of 60, 66, and 84 thousand for the C-10, C-12, and C-14 homologs, respectively. N α -acyl-L-histidine is an unusual surfactant in that the hydrophilic portion of the molecule is relatively large and contains both an ionic group (carboxylate group) and a nonionic group (imidazole side-chain). The bulky hydrophilic group of N α -acyl-L-histidine causes this molecule to exhibit physico-chemical behavior which is not typical of that exhibited by most ionic surfactants. In particular, the dependence of the critical micelle concentration on the acyl chain length and on the concentration of added salt is atypical. Chemical shift measurements (by NMR) on the C-2 and C-5 protons of imidazole in micellar N α -dodecanoyl-L-histidine indicate that the imidazole group is, indeed, positioned at the water-micelle interface.
Crystalline Bis-urea Nanochannel Architectures Tailored for Single-File Diffusion Studies

Urea is a versatile building block that can be modified to self-assemble into a multitude of structures. One-dimensional nanochannels with zigzag architecture and cross-sectional dimensions of only ∼3.7 A × 4.8 A are formed by the columnar assembly of phenyl ether bis-urea macrocycles. Nanochannels formed by phenylethynylene bis-urea macrocycles have a round cross-section with a diameter of ∼9.0 A. This work compares the Xe atom packing and diffusion inside the crystalline channels of these two bis-ureas using hyperpolarized Xe-129 NMR. The elliptical channel structure of the phenyl ether bis-urea macrocycle produces a Xe-129 powder pattern line shape characteristic of an asymmetric chemical shift tensor with shifts extending to well over 300 ppm with respect to the bulk gas, reflecting extreme confinement of the Xe atom. The wider channels formed by phenylethynylene bis-urea, in contrast, present an isotropic dynamically average electronic environment. Completely different diffusion dynamics are revealed in the two bis-ureas using hyperpolarized spin-tracer exchange NMR. Thus, a simple replacement of phenyl ether with phenylethynylene as the rigid linker unit results in a transition from single-file to Fickian diffusion dynamics. Self-assembled bis-urea macrocycles are found to be highly suitable materials for fundamental molecular transport studies on micrometer length scales.
Beating the diffraction limit

In 1968 the Russian physicist Victor Vese-lago predicted the existence of a material with a negative index of refraction, which he termed "left-handed."He concluded that in the presence of such a negative-index material nearly all known wave propagation and optical phenomena would be substantially altered, although negative-index materials were not known to exist at the time.
DUAL POINCARÉ-TYPE INEQUALITIES VIA THE CRAMÉR-RAO AND THE CAUCHY-SCHWARZ INEQUALITIES AND RELATED CHARACTERIZATIONS

Upper and lower bounds for the variance of a function g(X) of a random vector X(X1,…,Xn) are revisitied. Under independence of the Xi, an elementary derivation of the inequalities (1.1) and (1.4) is given, exhibiting also the nature of their duality, in the sense that replacing E and g21 in the upper bound by E2 and gi, respectively, gives the lower bound. The same functions wixi) appear in both bounds and they are shown to characterize the distribution of X. Equality is attained in both bounds iff g is linear.
The effects of cloxacillin on staphylococci phagocytosed by bovine neutrophils.

The effects of cloxacillin on staphylococci within neutrophils from the peripheral blood of cattle were examined. When cloxacillin was added to a preparation of intracellular staphylococci suspended in nutrient broth at 37°C in the presence of lysostaphin, signilicantly more staphylococci were killed than in the controls without the antibiotic. Cloxacillin entered the neutrophils and made the intracellular staphylococci sensitive to lysis by lysostaphin when the neutrophils were disrupted. The intracellular action of cloxacillin was greater than when Hanks’ balanced salt solution was the suspending Huid or when the broth was incubated at 4°C. failure to observe the effect in these circumstances was possibly due to a very low rate of metabolism in the staphylococci.