cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal Behavior and Infant Weight Gain in the First Year

Abstract Objective To examine the relative contributions of maternal characteristics and behaviors in predicting infant weight gain over the first year of postpartum life. Design Longitudinal study of maternal feeding style throughout infancy. Setting A Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children center. Participants Ninety-six low-income, minority mother-infant dyads. Main Outcome Measures Infant weight gain at 3, 6, and 12 months. Analysis Multiple linear and backward regressions. Results None of the mother-infant perinatal measures predicted infant weight gain from birth to 3 months, nor did measures from birth to 3 months predict weight gain from 3 to 6 months. However, the number of feedings and lessened maternal sensitivity to infant cues predicted weight gain from 6 to 12 months. Conclusions and Implications These results suggest that feeding plays an important role in promoting rapid weight gain in infants, since the maternal reports of feeding frequency, as well as their lessened sensitivity to the infants' cues, indicate that the infants in this study may have been regularly overfed. Nutrition educators who work with low-income populations should provide guidance to mothers in feeding their infants by helping them to recognize hunger signals and respond to satiety cues.
Electric-field-gradient tensor in nonmagnetic dilute alloys of copper

Calculations are presented for the electric-field gradient $q$, the asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$, and the direction of the main principal axis of the electric-field-gradient (EFG) tensor, at nearest neighbors (1NN) and second neighbors (2NN) to isolated Zn, Ga, Ge, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, and Sb impurities in copper. A "size effect" contribution, proportional to the local strain about the impurity, is added in tensor fashion to the well-known "valence effect" EFG calculated by Kohn and Vosko and Blandin and Friedel. When the point-charge model is used to evaluate the size-effect EFG tensor, a nonzero asymmetry parameter becomes possible. The calculation also includes an explicit evaluation of the contribution to the EFG of the screening charge which is outside the atomic cell of the host atom being resonated. At the 1NN and 2NN sites the resulting correction to the valence-effect calculation can be as large as 40%; asymptotically, the correction is 17% (assuming $\ensuremath{\alpha}=23.3$ for the Kohn-Vosko enhancement factor). When the valence and size effects are combined, good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. Experimental $q'\mathrm{s}$ at the 2NN sites in all alloys studied are accounted for by using the parameters $\ensuremath{\alpha}=18$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\ensuremath{-}15$, where $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is the Kohn-Vosko enhancement parameter and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the EFG-strain coupling constant. These parameters also account well for $q$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ at the 1NN in alloys with the 5th-row impurities Ag, Cd, In, Sn, and Sb, but the optimal fit for the 1NN is with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=15$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\ensuremath{-}18$. The 1NN data for alloys with the 4th-row impurities Zn, Ga, and Ge can be fit with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=2$, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=87$, but for no other range of the parameters. The reasons for such different values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ are not understood. However, the resulting fir for the 1NN $q$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is excellent, and the "anomalous" direction of the main principal axis in $\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{Ge}$ is correctly predicted.
Urinary excretion of meperidine and its metabolites

The urine of male and female mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and dogs, given meperidine hydrochloride, 20-40 mg/kg was analyzed by GLC for meperidine, normeperidine, p-hydroxymeperidine, and total (free and conjugated) meperidinic and normeperidinic acids. More than 90% of the excreted drugs was found in the 24-hr urine. Meperidine was observed in the urine of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and cats, but only a trace amount was observed in the urine of rabbits and dogs. Normeperidine, p-hydroxymeperidine (except in the mice), and total meperidinic and normeperidinic acids were observed in all species. All of the species studied have the capacity to N-demethylate meperidine to normeperidine and to hydrolyze meperidine and normeperidine to their respective acids. The male has a higher N-demethylating activity than the female with the exception of mice. Ester hydrolysis is a major metabolic pathway for meperidine metabolism.
Molecular mechanism of the synaptotagmin-SNARE interaction in Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion

The interaction between synaptotagmin and SNAREs was characterized by a combination of single-molecule FRET and crystallography. The arrangement of the two Ca2+-binding loops of synaptotagmin 3 within SNARE-induced Ca2+-bound synaptotagmin 3 matches that of SNARE-bound synaptotagmin 1, suggesting a common molecular mechanism by which the synaptotagmin–SNARE interaction plays a role in Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion.
To Sample or Not to Sample? The 2000 Census Controversy

Controversy and litigation surround the plan to use dual-systems estimation and sampling for the U.S. 2000 census. This article analyzes this conflict in terms of the history and technical development of the census, and attempts to create a basis for its resolution.
My Sisters Telegraphic. By Thomas C. Jepsen. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2000. Pp. x, 231. $49.96, cloth; $21.95, paper.

In what he terms a pursuit of â€œunwritten historyâ€ (p. 197), Thomas Jepsen has penned a social history of women in telegraphy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Jepsen is well versed in the technology of the industry and has written several articles on women telegraphers. Here in seven chapters he describes the extent of female employment, both in the United States and other countries, and then ranges widely over a host of issues. These include wages, working conditions, personal characteristics of women telegraphers, social class, ethnicity, mechanization, love in the office, and even women telegraphers in literature and the cinema. There is also a considerable discussion of the role women played in the many, mostly unsuccessful attempts of telegraphers to unionize. The book is based on a wide reading of primary sources including the Western Union Archives, as well as much secondary literature.
Civil-Military Relations Reconsidered: Israel as an ‘Uncivil’ State

I would like to thank the following people for their helpful comments: Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, John J. Mearsheimer, Marvin Zonis, Moshe Lissak, Henk Goemans, Stephen P. Cohen, Alicia Levine, Shmuel Eisenstadt, Stacy Bergstrom, Bartholemew Sparrow, Stephen Walt, Andrew Wallace, Jill Swenson, Shai Feldman, Ra'anan Gabay, Reuven Gal, Jane Jaquette, Daniel Elazar, Alison Rose, Benjamin Schiff, Danny Leifer, Joseph Cropsey, and Benjamin Frankel. I am also grateful to the National Foundation for Jewish Culture, the Shaine Center for Social Science Research, the Lady Davis Fellowship Trust, and the Interuniversity Fellowship for Jewish Studies for their generous support. The conclusions and opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author.
Atherosclerosis progression and monocyte emigration from plaque

Evaluation of: Llodra J, Angeli V, Liu J, Trogan E, Fisher AE, Randolph GJ: Emigration of monocyte-derived cells from atherosclerotic lesions characterizes regressive, but not progressive, plaques. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 101(32), 11779-11784 (2004). Monocyte/macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in atherosclerotic lesions, in which they have a pivotal role. The present study sought to determine how dyslipidemia affects the fate of monocytes recruited to the plaque. The researchers used an in vitro model of a vessel wall to demonstrate that platelet-activating factor and lysophosphatidic acid, two key mediators of atherosclerosis, impair the ability of monocytes to emigrate from the cultured vessel wall. Furthermore, an in vivo model of aortic arch transplantation demonstrated reduced emigration of monocyte-derived cells into the plaque-draining lymph node under conditions of atherosclerotic lesion progression. Thus, progression of atherosclerosis is characterized by reduced emigration of monocyte-derived cells in addition to new monocyte recruitment into the vessel wall. Interestingly, these sequestered cells bear features reminiscent of dendritic cells, which may locally exacerbate inflammatory reactions.
An analysis of gradient-induced distortion in ATI-SAR imagery of surface currents

This paper summarizes an analysis of gradient-induced distortions in the surface current estimates generated by along-track interferometric SAR (ATI-SAR) systems. In the presence of spatial current gradients, an effect akin to velocity bunching can cause distortion in the measured current profiles. This distortion is caused by variation in the azimuthal displacement induced by the current itself. Up to a point, these distortions can be removed by a straightforward, spatial remapping of the interferogram pixels based upon their phase values. However, there is a critical current gradient beyond which the true surface current field is not recoverable. This mechanism is compounded in dual-beam ATI-SAR systems designed to estimate the surface current vector using only a single aircraft pass. In such systems, interferograms from two squinted beams, one squinted forward of broadside and the other squinted aft by the same amount, are combined to measure the full surface current vector. However, when the current vector does not bisect the angle between the two beams, the along-track component of the current induces unequal azimuthal displacements in the fore- and aft-squinted interferograms. As a result, the two interferograms will not be spatially registered, in that corresponding pixels in the fore- and aft-interferograms will be related to currents at spatially distinct points on the water surface. Additional vector distortions will, therefore, occur in and around the gradient region. These effects are explored through an approximate, linear analysis as well as through an ATI-SAR model that accounts for nonlinearity and finite spatial resolution, using the current gradients present in rivers as an example
Semen Production in the Turkey Male 1. Seasonal Variation

Abstract THE principal aim and purpose of this investigation has been to collect data which would prove useful in evaluating the inherent fecundity of the male turkey. With this objective in mind the experiment was designed to yield quantitative data for semen production which would furnish information about sexual maturity and about rate and continuity of semen production. Such data might be expected to furnish information about fertility in this species and thus facilitate improvement through selective breeding. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Basic to the present study is a suitable technique for obtaining avian semen from the male. The techniques for obtaining semen from fowl originated with the work of Ivanov (1913) who squeezed semen from the vas deferens of freshly killed males. Semen was collected immediately after the hen was mated, from the cloaca (Payne, 1914) and from an attached artificial cloaca (Ishsikawa, 1930) or from a semen collector (Parker, 1939)… .
Effect of multidimensional flamelets in composite propellant combustion

Studies of edge burning of oxidizer-fuel laminae were extended by inclusion of different sizes of fine ammonium perchlorate (AP) into the binder lamina to study the combustion zone microstructure in composite-propellant combustion. Different modes of burning in heterogeneous systems resulting from pressure effects, AP particle-size effects, lamina thickness, and AP/binder mix ratios were determined. Results are interpreted in terms of the effects on flame structure and multidimensional processes in the combustion zone. 13 refs.
Simulated Stand Tests and Centrifuge Training to Prevent Orthostatic Intolerance on Earth, Moon, and Mars

One proposed method to overcome postflight orthostatic intolerance is for astronauts to undergo inflight centrifugation. Cardiovascular responses were compared between centrifuge and gravitational conditions using a seven-compartment cardiovascular model. Vascular resis- tance, heart rate, and stroke volume values were adopted from literature, while compartmental volumes and compli- ances were derived from impedance plethysmography of subjects (n = 8) riding on a centrifuge. Three different models were developed to represent the typical male subject who completed a 10-min postflight stand test (''male fin- isher''), ''non-finishing male'' and ''female'' (all non-finish- ers). A sensitivity analysis found that both cardiac output and arterial pressure were most sensitive to total blood volume. Simulated stand tests showed that female astronauts were more susceptible to orthostatic intolerance due to lower initial blood pressure and higher pressure threshold for presyncope. Rates of blood volume loss by capillary filtration were found to be equivalent in female and male non-finishers, but four times smaller in male finishers. For equivalent times to presyncope during centrifugation as those during constant gravity, lower G forces at the level of the heart were required. Centrifuge G levels to match other cardiovascular parame- ters varied depending on the parameter, centrifuge arm length, and the gravity level being matched.
Cost Optimization of Rural Water Systems

A rural water system is a water supply and distribution system that is built for low density predominately unincorporated rural areas. It primarily serves domestic and livestock needs and does not necessarily supply fire fighting requirements. The pipe distribution network has the unique feature of being an unlooped or dead-end system in most cases. This paper describes a method for achieving the least cost or “optimal design” for certain portions of a rural water distribution system. Optimization is achieved by a method that combines linear programming and engineering judgment. The variables that can be considered by this approach are: (1)Pipe diameter; (2)pipe pressure rating; (3)pressure reducing valve setting and location; and (4)pumping head or water tower height. The method has been demonstrated on a simple hypothetical distribution system with good results.
Shedding light on the matter of Abell 781

Author(s): Wittman, D; Dawson, W; Benson, B | Abstract: The galaxy cluster Abell 781West has been viewed as a challenge to weak gravitational lensing mass calibration, as Cook a dell'Antonio found that the weak lensing signal-to-noise ratio in three independent sets of observations was consistently lower than expected from mass models based on X-ray and dynamical measurements. We correct some errors in statistical inference in Cook a dell'Antonio and show that their own results agree well with the dynamical mass and exhibit at most 2.2-2.9σ low compared to the X-ray mass, similar to the tension between the dynamical and X-ray masses. Replacing their simple magnitude cut with weights based on source photometric redshifts eliminates the tension between lensing and X-ray masses; in this case the weak lensing mass estimate is actually higher than, but still in agreement with, the dynamical estimate. A comparison of lensing analyses with and without photometric redshifts shows that a 1-2σ chance alignment of low-redshift sources lowers the signal-to-noise ratio observed by all previous studies which used magnitude cuts rather than photometric redshifts. The fluctuation is unexceptional, but appeared to be highly significant in Cook a dell'Antonio due to the errors in statistical interpretation. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Effect of Nonhydrostatic Stress on Crystal Growth Kinetics

The effect of nonhydrostatic stresses on the solid phase epitaxial growth rate of crystalline Si(100) into self-implanted amorphous surface layers has been measured. Uniaxial stresses of up to 6 kbar (0.6 GPa) were attained by bending wafers over SiO2 rods and annealing at a temperature too low for plastic deformation to relieve the stress in the crystal, but high enough for solid phase epitaxial growth to proceed. The growth rate on the tensile side was greater than that on the compressive side of the wafer, in marked contrast to the enhancement observed from hydrostatic pressure. The phenomenology of an “activation strain”, the nonhydrostatic analogue of the activation volume, has been developed to characterize the results. Combined with the measurement of the activation volume, the measurement reported here permits us to characterize to first order the entire activation strain tensor corresponding to the transition state for solid phase epitaxy of Si(lOO). We conclude that the transition state for this process is “short and fat”; that is, the fluctuation to the transition state involves an expansion in the two in-plane directions and a contraction in the direction normal to the surface large enough to make the overall volume change negative. The symmetry of the measured activation strain tensor is inconsistent with all bulk point defect mechanisms for solid phase epitaxy. The relevance of the activation strain formalism to heteroepitaxy and vapor phase epitaxy is discussed.
MIMO capacity scaling and saturation in correlated environments

The capacity of MIMO systems under ideal (i.i.d.) channel conditions has been shown to increase linearly with the number of antennas. Capacity scaling in a correlated channel environment as well but the constant of scaling is shown in Chee-Nee Chuah, D.N. C. Tse, J.M. Khan, R.A. Valanzuela [2002] to be less than that of the i.i.d. scaling factor. Using a channel representation motivated by physical scattering considerations, the virtual channel representation, we show this effect does occur provided the number of effective scattering paths keeps asymptotically increasing with the increase in the number of antennas. Otherwise we show that saturation of capacity occurs. Using random banded matrix theory results, we also show that the effect of correlation is to reduce the effective received SNR according to the degree of correlation. This also yields a closed form expression for the asymptotic capacity of correlated MIMO channels.
Ge-codoped fibers for mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering in high power fiber amplifiers

Abstract Rare-earth doped fibers for high power fiber amplifiers normally have a small refractive index difference between the core and inner cladding, but have a larger core diameter than conventional telecom fibers. We take advantage of this feature as well as the difference between the optical and acoustic waveguides and proposed several fiber designs to mitigate Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) to produce higher output powers. The numerical modeling shows that an increase in SBS threshold by 3–6 dB can be achieved using Ge-codopant while maintaining diffraction limited beam quality. The key parameters that can affect the SBS performance are specified and optimal parameters for SBS suppression are obtained. The study also highlights the need to take into account the effects of minor refractive index profile variation in evaluating SBS performance.
The Moderating Effects of Parenting Stress on Children's Adjustment in Woman-Abusing Families

Research on the psychological effects of domestic violence on women and children has flourished in the past few years, concluding that both suffer increased adjustment problems and psychopathology. The current studies, however, have not provided an understanding of the processes or factors that can protect children from being detrimentally affected. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential moderating effects of maternal parenting stress on children's adjustment in homes with varying levels of domestic violence. The sample consisted of 60 sheltered battered women and their 7- to 12-year-old children, and 61 nonsheltered women and children from the same community. Results indicated that children's adjustment was significantly predicted by parenting stress after controlling for psychological and physical abuse of the mother. Results are discussed in light of protective and vulnerability factors for children's adjustment in high-risk families.
Can the Indian Tune Go Global

The opening of India's economy did not lead to homogenized mass consumption of Western pop music, but rather fueled creativity within the local music scene. Indipop connects local performers to global audiences even as it builds a bridge between tradition and modernity.
Environmental effects on asexual reproduction in Arundo donax

Arundo donax L. (giant reed) is an invasive perennial plant that has spread widely in riparian areas in California, where it has altered wildlife habitats, created a fire hazard, compromised water conservation efforts, and affected flood control. Currently, physical removal is the primary means of controlling this weed, which is ineffective because of prolific asexual reproduction from an extensive rhizome system. We conducted controlled experiments on the sprouting potential of vegetative propagules, effects of storage duration and conditions on sprouting, and survival and growth of propagules in various soil types and moisture regimens. Sprouting and regrowth varied greatly with propagule type and size and with treatment and duration of storage after removal from the plant. Over 90% of stem and rhizome pieces with at least one node sprouted. Stem sprouting was affected by prior storage duration, temperature and moisture, whereas only storage duration and moisture affected rhizome sprouting. Sprouting was reduced by drying propagules at 30 °C for 1 week and by storage in a soil slurry. After 16 weeks, even propagules maintained optimally in moist soil showed reduced sprouting. Rhizome pieces sprouted readily from a soil depth of 25 cm, whereas stem pieces sprouted from less than 10 cm. Responsiveness of asexual reproduction in A. donax to environmental cues suggests that mechanical control can be improved by careful timing and treatment of cut biomass pieces to minimize or inhibit sprouting.
Synthesis of Vinyl Bromides Via Reaction of Vinyl Boronic Acids with Sodium Bromide

Abstract Vinyl halides have proven to be useful synthetic intermediates.1,2 Recently, it was discovered that vinyl iodides are more stable to in-vivo deiodination than the corresponding alkyl iodides.3,4 This fact makes the vinyl halides potentially valuable in the design and syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals. Because of our interest in pharmaceutical design, we recently developed a synthesis of vinyl iodides in which vinyl boronic acids are allowed to react with sodium iodide in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.5 The method has been successfully applied to a variety of functionally substituted, physiologically active molecules including fatty acids and steroids.6 We now wish to report that vinyl bromides are readily synthesized via the reaction of vinyl boronic acids with sodium bromide in the presence of mild oxidizing agents such as N-chlorosuccinimide.
Commentary on the type material of Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard, 1853 and Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott, 1860 (Reptilia: Squamata), with a neotype designation for T. nigriceps

ABSTRACT We demonstrate that USNM 2040 and not UMMZ 3781 (originally part of lot USNM 4500) was most likely the holotype of Tantilla gracilis. The type specimens of Tantilla nigriceps have been lost or destroyed. It is not possible to determine from the original description of Tantilla nigriceps if this name represents what is currently known as T. nigriceps or T. hobartsmithi. In order to attribute the name T. nigriceps firmly to the species as currently recognized, we designate a neotype.
An analysis of deficiencies identified during investigational new drug (IND) application reviews by the Division of Drug Oncology Products (DDOP) of the US FDA

6052 Background: Regulations require IND application review by the FDA prior to initiation of the clinical study. Deficiencies identified in the study protocol require communication between the FDA...
TEACHING TOWARD APPRECIATION IN THE VISUAL ARTS

The topic of art appreciation is vast: An internet search of art appreciation yielded about 3,540,000 results. The complexity of the concept of art appreciation is its overlap with related concepts of aesthetic response, art history, art criticism, art education, aesthetic education, and art museum education. Appreciation is also affected by understandings of concepts of perception, sensibility, interpretation, taste, preference, and evaluation or judgment. Appreciation is meshed with beauty and beauty to aesthetic experience. In aesthetic philosophy as well as in daily living, concepts of beauty and appreciation are applied to nature, works of art, and a wide range of artifacts. Art appreciation is generally assumed and often explicitly claimed to be the desired outcome of art education. This chapter attempts to map philosophical terrains of “art appreciation,” exemplify acts of appreciation in the visual arts, briefly explore the history of teaching for art appreciation in the United States, and sample some educational strategies for appreciation. The purpose of the chapter is to expand notions of the concept of art appreciation, to devalue “disinterested” appreciation in favor of engaged appreciation, to broaden the candidates for appreciation, including an appreciation of the “interpreting-self ” and the “interpreting-other,” and to motivate empirical investigations of appreciation.
An Even Order Search Problem

How might simple real zeros of real valued continuous k-th derivatives g(k) be efficiently estimated, by using only values of g and points in dom(g)? A standard approach to these questions entails successively ehoosing a (prescribed) total of n>k points to be the abscissae for sequences of k-th divided differences,whose signs are then used to locate the zeros. Of central importance is the particular rule (or strategy) by which these n points are selected.In this paper, it is shown how analysis of a maximal solution of a Booth inequality determines the most efficient strategy for k=14.
Abstract 3038: Altered Expression Of The Immunomodulatory Proteins Cd200 And Cd200r1 In Lymphoid Tissue Following Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated a rapid activation of peripheral immune responses following experimental stroke, marked by increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and leukocyte entry into the brain, which may exacerbate tissue damage caused by reperfusion. In the CNS, a consequence of the local immune response to stroke is disruption of the immunosuppressant interaction between CD200 ligand (CD200), expressed by CNS-resident cells, and CD200 receptor (CD200R1) on microglia. Microglia are myeloid-derived cells, which serve as endogenous macrophages within the CNS. In models of CNS injury, disruption of the CD200-CD200R1 interaction leads to changes in intracellular signaling that can increase expression of several pro-inflammatory factors. In the present study, we compared gene expression of CD200 and CD200R1 in the bone marrow, a site of immune cell production, between sham and stroke mice. Additionally, we explored CD200 and CD200R1 protein expression in the primary and secondary lymphoid tissues between sham and stroke mice. Methods: Experimental stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male C57BL/6 mice for 90 minutes prior to reperfusion. Mice were sacrificed 5, 24, and 72 hours after stroke. Bone marrow was harvested from femur and RNA was extracted using Trizol®. cDNA was analyzed for CD200 and CD200R1 expression using qPCR. Western blots were performed on protein extracts from spleens and lymph nodes. Results: In the 5-hour cohort, a significant increase in CD200R1 and CD200 expression was observed in the bone marrow of stroke mice compared with sham. Expression of CD200 and CD200R1 was also elevated in secondary lymphoid tissue in stroke mice. In the 72-hour cohort, a significant decrease in CD200 expression was observed in stroke mice compared to sham mice. Within lymphoid tissue, similar trends were also observed for CD200R1. Conclusions: Immediately following stroke injury, CD200 and CD200R1 gene expression levels are altered in bone marrow, thereby enhancing pro-inflammatory signaling and increasing immune cells in peripheral circulation that can migrate into the brain. The subsequent decrease in expression of these proteins in the 72-hour cohort suggests that CD200- and CD200R-expressing cells are depleted in the bone marrow as a result of their activation, mobilization, and recruitment to the brain. Increased CD200 and CD200R expression in the spleen suggest a similar response by the peripheral immune system as the brain signals for the production of anti-inflammatory components. These results suggest that following stroke, bone marrow activation induces a mobilization signal which targets CD200/R-expressing cells to sites of ischemic brain injury, and is consistent with previous observations showing increased CD200R1 protein levels in the brain following stroke.
Extracting Information about Medication Use from Veterinary Discussions

Our research aims to extract information about medication use from veterinary discussion forums. We introduce the task of categorizing information about medication use to determine whether a doctor has prescribed medication, changed protocols, observed effects, or stopped use of a medication. First, we create a medication detector for informal veterinary texts and show that features derived from the Web can be very powerful. Second, we create classifiers to categorize each medication mention with respect to six categories. We demonstrate that this task benefits from a rich linguistic feature set, domain-specific semantic features produced by a weakly supervised semantic tagger, and balanced self-training.
Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for ultrasensitive on-chip biosensing.

We experimentally demonstrate a plasmonic Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) integrated with a microfluidic chip for ultrasensitive optical biosensing. The MZI is formed by patterning two parallel nanoslits in a thin metal film, and the sensor monitors the phase difference, induced by surface biomolecular adsorptions, between surface plasmon waves propagating on top and bottom surfaces of the metal film. The combination of a nanoplasmonic architecture and sensitive interferometric techniques in this compact sensing platform yields enhanced refractive index sensitivities greater than 3500 nm/RIU and record high sensing figures of merit exceeding 200 in the visible region, greatly surpassing those of previous plasmonic sensors and still hold potential for further improvement through optimization of the device structure. We demonstrate real-time, label-free, quantitative monitoring of streptavidin–biotin specific binding with high signal-to-noise ratio in this simple, ultrasensitive, and miniaturized plasmoni...
Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS): review of the literature and case report demonstrating challenges of spinal fusion after trauma

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is a rare but well-described pathology characterized by abnormalities in bone deposition in the axial and cranial skeleton as well as other abnormalities and associated deficits. These skeletal abnormalities can lead to significant intra-operative challenges for the surgeon and influence outcomes for the patient. In this report, we present a case of a patient with OSCS who was involved in a traumatic motor vehicle crash and underwent posterior cervico-thoracic fusion for a T4 chance fracture. Bony abnormalities in the cervico-thoracic spine presented a significant operative challenge due to alterations in bony anatomy and bone architecture. This case serves as an example of the challenges that the spine surgeon faces when dealing with OSCS, and highlights the differences between OSCS and commoner skeletal hyperplasias such as osteopetrosis.
Global Modeling of Pitch Damping from Flight Data

Flight testing using a designed experiment was used to model pitch damping in the longitudinal shortperiod mode of an aircraft. Multi-step elevator maneuvers were flown at different angles of attack and power levels on an electrically powered, propeller-driven UltraStick 120 remotely controlled model. A Central Composite Response Surface Design was used to select angle of attack and power levels for each maneuver. During post flight analysis it was discovered that power was not measured correctly for this purpose so advance ratio was selected as a replacement factor. Parameter estimation results for each maneuver were modeled globally using a single response surface. This experiment allowed global modeling of the pitch damping to be performed from just a few flight test maneuvers. Identified global models of pitch damping are plotted against angle of attack and advance ratio in a surface response plot, for non-linear piloted simulations and for flight test data.
The Reporting Period for a Consumer Purchase Panel

THE consumer purchase panel, like all survey techniques, is beset with numerous problems of methodology at the practical operating level. An understanding of these problems is important not only to the very few who will be involved in operating a panel, but also to the large and increasing number who will use data obtained by the panel technique. The subject of this paper is a discussion of the determination of the appropriate reporting period for the panel-one of the small but important practical problems of panel operation. Three phases of this problem have been chosen for study: (1) How long should the reporting period be. (2) On what days should the reporting period begin and end. (3) Should reporting be continuous or discontinuous. Weekly vs. Monthly Reporting. In every purchase panel the consumer reporters are instructed to record their purchases on the diary form the day the purchase is made. It is obvious, as far as accurate reporting and memory bias are concerned, that if this were done faithfully the same information would result from weekly, monthly, or even yearly reporting. However, to assume that all the homemakers would faithfully record every purchase on the day it was made seems to be assuming a situation contrary to what is known of human nature. To be practical one must assume that at least some of the reporters will wait until the end of the reporting period to fill in their diary and that almost all will at some time or other fail to re-
Immuno-scanning electron microscopy of collagen types I and III in human vocal fold lamina propria.

Objectives This study was undertaken to identify the types of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix of the human vocal fold lamina propria. Methods Human vocal folds were obtained from 3 autopsy cases less than 65 years of age. The vocal fold specimens were labeled by primary antibodies of anti-type I and anti-type III collagens, and then by secondary antibody conjugated with 15 nm colloidal gold. The specimens were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Secondary electron imaging and backscatter electron imaging of high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to detect gold particles indicating immunolabeling. Results Type III collagen-labeling gold particles were abundant on the fibrils constructing collagenous fibers, whereas type I collagen-labeling gold particles were sparsely present on fibrils in collagenous fibers. A few reticular fibers were labeled by both collagen type I and collagen type III. Conclusions The results suggest that collagen type I coexists with collagen type III in fibrils of both collagenous fibers and reticular fibers.
Histology of the Compound Eye of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Collections of Heliothis spp. moths in light traps, infestations of larvae near light traps, and studies of behavioral response of moths in the laboratory suggest that Heliothis virescens (F.) is less attracted to ultraviolet light traps than is H. zea (Boddie). The results of a histological study of the compound eye of H. virescens made to determine whether morphological differences in the compound eyes of the 2 species might account for the differences in their behavioral responses to light traps are reported herein.
Using State-wide GIS data to identify the coincidence betwen sinkholes and geologic structure

The Kentucky GIS coverage of sinkholes, completed in 2003, consists of 101,176 polygons representing the uppermost closed contour of every karst sinkhole identified using USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. This resource is a useful tool for delineating karst landscapes in Kentucky because karstified limestones underlie 55% of the areal surface of the state. For hydrologic studies, alignments of sinkholes commonly indicate preferential flowpaths for groundwater; and this information aids in large-scale planning and zoning. In this paper, I demonstrate the effectiveness of using this sinkhole coverage as a tool for delimiting structural features of Kentucky.
The Church and Catholic Higher Education

Recurrent debates about the church and higher education in the United States involve differing understandings of the nature and purpose of the church as well as differing understandings of the university. Catholic colleges and universities remain important but underutilized resources for the American church as it pursues its mission. Institutional, communitarian and servant models of the church must be examined more rigorously before they are used to prescribe changes in higher education. None is without problems. In a pluralistic and free society, a public church,” self-consciously mediating the tensions between Christian integrity, Catholic unity, and civic responsibility, provides an altogether appropriate stance for Catholic colleges and universities as well. It points not to a neat resolution of outstanding difficulties but to ongoing dialogue among the publics to which both church and higher education must address themselves.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Historical and Scientific Overview

The field of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has made ground-breaking progress in the treatment of many malignant and nonmalignant conditions. It has also pioneered the concepts of stem cell therapy and immunotherapy as a tool against cancer. The success of transplant for hematologic malignancies derives both from the ability to treat patients with intensive chemoradiotherapy and from potent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects mediated by donor immunity. Additionally, HSCT has been a curative therapy for several nonmalignant hematologic disorders through the provision of donor-derived hematopoiesis and immunity. Preclinical and clinical research in the field has contributed to an advanced understanding of histocompatibility, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), GVL effect, and immune reconstitution after transplant. Improved donor selection, tailored conditioning regimens, and better supportive care have helped reduce transplant-related morbidity and mortality and expanded access. The development of unrelated donor registries and increased utilization of cord blood and partially matched related donor transplants have ensured a donor for essentially everyone who needs a transplant. However, significant barriers still remain in the form of disease relapse, GVHD infectious complications, and regimen-related toxicities. Recent developments in the field of cellular therapy are expected to further improve the efficacy of transplant. In this review, we discuss the current science of HSCT from a historical perspective, highlighting major discoveries. We also speculate on future directions in this field. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6445-51. ©2016 AACR.
The Princess and the Pea Effect: Influence of the first layer on polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly and properties

In many applications of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), a base polycation layer is adsorbed to promote adhesion of the PEM to the substrate. In this report, the effect of the first polyelectrolyte adsorbed in a PEM was investigated by assembling PEMs with first layer polycations of different chemistries and molecular weights. In this study, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was used to monitor the PEM assembly process. First layer choice affects the total mass accumulation of the PEM as well as the stoichiometry of the PEM, although linear growth was observed in all cases. PEM thickness was also affected by first layer choice, although not consistent with changes in mass. Combined with the stoichiometry results, these findings indicate that the structure of a PEM is fundamentally different depending on first layer chemistry and molecular weight. PEM topography is also affected by first layer choice. Selection of appropriate first layer material is therefore an important consideration in the design of a PEM, and changing first layer material may be a facile way to tailor the structure and properties of PEMs.
Hartshorne, Theology, and the Nameless God

One of the major contributions of natural theologians to our or any culture is the reminder that God is not the God of any one culture or religion, that God is not a Christian, Jewish, or Hindu God, but a nameless God who belongs to all creation and to Whom all creation belongs. One might, in order to take a hint from outside of the West, recall one of the hymns of the Rig Veda in which the prayer is sung, “O Agni, you are Indra” (Rig Veda II.1.3). The God who is the God exists behind the particular names of the thirty-three devas, or for that matter the names for God provided by any particular culture and its religions. Charles Hartshorne has served this function of the natural theologian well. His appeal to God offers the heuristic power of the natural theologian who attempts to step outside the particular understandings of God forwarded by particular cultures and religions, and to speak of God Itself.
Interpregnancy weight change and adverse maternal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Purpose Examine associations between interpregnancy body mass index (BMI) change (difference in the pre-pregnancy BMIs of two consecutive pregnancies) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GHtn), primary cesarean delivery, and vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC). Methods Modified Poisson regression models estimated adjusted associations. Results Every 1-unit increase in interpregnancy BMI increased risks of GDM (relative risk [RR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.11), PE (RR: 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.09), GHtn (RR: 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06–1.10), and primary cesarean delivery (RR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.05) and decreased the risk of a successful VBAC (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.997) in the second pregnancy. A BMI increase of ≥3 units increased risks of GDM (RR: 1.71, 95% CI, 1.52–1.93), PE (RR: 1.60, 95% CI, 1.33–1.94), GHtn (RR: 1.66, 95% CI, 1.42–1.94), and primary cesarean delivery (RR: 1.29, 95% CI, 1.12–1.49) and decreased the risk of a successful VBAC (RR: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.99) compared to women with interpregnancy BMI change within −1 and +1 unit. GDM was also increased among women increasing their BMI by ≥2 but Conclusion An interpregnancy BMI increase of ≥3 units is associated with an increased risk of all outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of interpregnancy weight management.
Philosophy and Hip-Hop: Ruminations on Postmodern Cultural Form

There are a limited pool of books and a tiny number of authors who can spur the discourse of hip-hop without overcompensating for its lack of respect and misrepresentation in academia. Julius Baile...
Verdazyl-ribose: A new radical for solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization at high magnetic field.

Abstract Solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using the cross-effect relies on radical pairs whose electron spin resonance (ESR) frequencies differ by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency. We measure the DNP provided by a new water-soluble verdazyl radical, verdazyl-ribose, under both magic-angle spinning (MAS) and static sample conditions at 9.4 T, and compare it to a nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxy-TEMPO. We find that verdazyl-ribose is an effective radical for cross-effect DNP, with the best relative results for a non-spinning sample. Under non-spinning conditions, verdazyl-ribose provides roughly 2× larger 13C cross-polarized (CP) NMR signal than the nitroxide, with similar polarization buildup times, at both 29 K and 76 K. With MAS at 7 kHz and 1.5 W microwave power, the verdazyl-ribose does not provide as much DNP as the nitroxide, with the verdazyl providing less NMR signal and a longer polarization buildup time. When the microwave power is decreased to 30 mW with 5 kHz MAS, the two types of radical are comparable, with the verdazyl-doped sample having a larger NMR signal which compensates for its longer polarization buildup time. We also present electron spin relaxation measurements at Q-band (1.2 T) and ESR lineshapes at 1.2 and 9.4 T. Most notably, the verdazyl radical has a longer T1e than the nitroxide (9.9 ms and 1.3 ms, respectively, at 50 K and 1.2 T). The verdazyl electron spin lineshape is significantly affected by the hyperfine coupling to four 14N nuclei, even at 9.4 T. We also describe 3000-spin calculations to illustrate the DNP potential of possible radical pairs: verdazyl-verdazyl, verdazyl-nitroxide, or nitroxide-nitroxide pairs. These calculations suggest that the verdazyl radical at 9.4 T has a narrower linewidth than optimal for cross-effect DNP using verdazyl-verdazyl pairs. Because of the hyperfine coupling contribution to the electron spin linewidth, this implies that DNP using the verdazyl radical would improve at lower magnetic field. Another conclusion from the calculations is that a verdazyl-nitroxide bi-radical would be expected to be slightly better for cross-effect DNP than the nitroxide-nitroxide bi-radicals commonly used now, assuming the same spin-spin coupling constants.
Reliability and Criterion-Related Validity of the Seated Posture Scale.

Purpose Earlier, we reported development and initial testing of a rapid, low burden measure of wheelchair seated posture (the Seated Posture Scale [SPS]) for research and clinical use. The purpose of this study was to test the intrarater reliability, interrater reliability, and criterion related validity of the SPS. Design We used a descriptive design to test and develop the instrument. Methods We used the method described by Walter, Donner, and Eliasziw to determine 46 participants were needed, from two Veterans Administration nursing homes or CLCs (community living centers). Using a digital goniometer to score rapidly and with two trained raters, we scored individual participants simultaneously and again in succession. For criterion related concurrent validity, we also scored each participant with Section 2 of the Seated Postural Control Measure for Adults. Intrarater reliability, interrater reliability, and criterion related, concurrent validity were assessed using kappa statistics for individual instrument items (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals where appropriate) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for total scores. Findings The intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .995; interrater ICC was .80; interrater reliability kappas ranged from -.03 to .80. Criterion-related, concurrent validity kappas ranged from .13 to .91. ICC for total scores was .85. Conclusion The SPS has sufficient preliminary validity and reliability to support measurement of wheelchair-seated posture in outcomes research and clinical use. Clinical relevance In the future, rehabilitation nurses may use the SPS to improve management of wheelchair seated posture, to improve clinical outcomes, particularly for those who do not reposition themselves.