cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moderate Deviation Principles for Weakly Interacting Particle Systems

Moderate deviation principles for empirical measure processes associated with weakly interacting Markov processes are established. Two families of models are considered: the first corresponds to a system of interacting diffusions whereas the second describes a collection of pure jump Markov processes with a countable state space. For both cases the moderate deviation principle is formulated in terms of a large deviation principle (LDP), with an appropriate speed function, for suitably centered and normalized empirical measure processes. For the first family of models the LDP is established in the path space of an appropriate Schwartz distribution space whereas for the second family the LDP is proved in the space of \(l_2\) (the Hilbert space of square summable sequences)-valued paths. Proofs rely on certain variational representations for exponential functionals of Brownian motions and Poisson random measures.
Impact of collective vibrations on quasiparticle states of open-shell odd-mass nuclei and possible interference with the tensor force

The impact of collective vibrations on quasiparticle states of open-shell odd-mass nuclei and their possible interference with tensor force is investigated. The inclusion of collective vibrations and their coupling to single-quasiparticle motion improves the description of experimental spectra in such nuclei. We found that the energy splittings of the single-quasiparticle states, which are sensitive at the mean-field level to the tensor part of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, are affected by quasiparticle-vibration coupling. Both quasiparticle-vibration coupling and effective tensor interaction act in the same direction. This suggests that effective tensor interaction has to be quenched as compared with previous estimates.
Mapping an audience-centric World Wide Web: A departure from hyperlink analysis

This article argues that maps of the Web’s structure based solely on technical infrastructure such as hyperlinks may bear little resemblance to maps based on Web usage, as cultural factors drive the latter to a larger extent. To test this thesis, the study constructs two network maps of 1000 globally most popular Web domains, one based on hyperlinks and the other using an “audience-centric” approach with ties based on shared audience traffic between these domains. Analyses of the two networks reveal that unlike the centralized structure of the hyperlink network with few dominant “core” Websites, the audience network is more decentralized and clustered to a larger extent along geo-linguistic lines.
Large-Scale Single Guide RNA Library Construction and Use for CRISPR–Cas9-Based Genetic Screens

The ability to systematically disrupt genes serves as a powerful tool for understanding their function. The programmable CRISPR-Cas9 system enables efficient targeting of large numbers of genes through the use of single guide RNA (sgRNA) libraries. In cultured mammalian cells, collections of knockout mutants can be readily generated by means of transduction of Cas9-sgRNA lentiviral pools, screened for a phenotype of interest, and counted using high-throughput DNA sequencing. This technique represents the first general method for undertaking systematic loss-of-function genetic screens in mammalian cells. Here, we introduce the methodology and rationale for conducting CRISPR-based screens, focusing on distinguishing positive and negative selection strategies.
Thought, thoughts, and deflationism

Deflationists about truth embrace the positive thesis that the notion of truth is useful as a logical device, for such purposes as blanket endorsement, and the negative thesis that the notion doesn’t have any legitimate applications beyond its logical uses, so it cannot play a significant theoretical role in scientific inquiry or causal explanation. Focusing on Christopher Hill as exemplary deflationist, the present paper takes issue with the negative thesis, arguing that, without making use of the notion of truth conditions, we have little hope for a scientific understanding of human speech, thought, and action. For the reference relation, the situation is different. Inscrutability arguments give reason to think that a more-than-deflationary theory of reference is unattainable. With respect to reference, deflationism is the only game in town.
Output-Compressing Randomized Encodings and Applications

We consider randomized encodings RE that enable encoding a Turing machine $$\varPi $$ and input x into its "randomized encoding" $$\hat{\varPi }x$$ in sublinear, or even polylogarithmic, time in the running-time of $$\varPi x$$ , independent of its output length. We refer to the former as sublinear RE and the latter as compact RE. For such efficient RE, the standard simulation-based notion of security is impossible, and we thus consider a weaker distributional indistinguishability-based notion of security: Roughly speaking, we require indistinguishability of $$\hat{\varPi }_0x_0$$ and $$\hat{\varPi }_0x_1$$ as long as $$\varPi _0,x_0$$ and $$\varPi _1,x_1$$ are sampled from some distributions such that $$\varPi _0x_0,\mathsf{Time}{\varPi _0}x_0$$ and $$\varPi _1x_1,\mathsf{Time}{\varPi _1}x_1$$ are indistinguishable. We show the following:Impossibility in the Plain Model: Assuming the existence of subexponentially secure one-way functions, subexponentially-secure sublinear RE does not exists. If additionally assuming subexponentially-secure $$\mathbf{iO } $$ for circuits we can also rule out polynomially-secure sublinear RE. As a consequence, we rule out also puncturable $$\mathbf{iO } $$ for Turing machines even those without inputs.Feasibility in the CRS model and Applications to iO for circuits: Subexponentially-secure sublinear RE in the CRS model and one-way functions imply $$\mathbf{iO } $$ for circuits through a simple construction generalizing GGM's PRF construction. Additionally, any compact even with sublinear compactness functional encryption essentially directly yields a sublinear RE in the CRS model, and as such we get an alternative, modular, and simpler proof of the results of [AJ15, BV15] showing that subexponentially-secure sublinearly compact FE implies iO. We further show other ways of instantiating sublinear RE in the CRS model and thus also iO: under the subexponential LWE assumption, it suffices to have a subexponentially secure FE schemes with just sublinear ciphertext as opposed to having sublinear encryption time.Applications to iO for Unbounded-input Turing machines: Subexponentially-secure compact RE for natural restricted classes of distributions over programs and inputs which are not ruled out by our impossibility result, and for which we can give candidate constructions imply $$\mathbf{iO } $$ for unbounded-input Turing machines. This yields the first construction of $$\mathbf{iO } $$ for unbounded-input Turing machines that does not rely on public-coin differing-input obfuscation.
Geometric Representations of Random Hypergraphs

ABSTRACTWe introduce a novel parameterization of distributions on hypergraphs based on the geometry of points in Rd. The idea is to induce distributions on hypergraphs by placing priors on point configurations via spatial processes. This specification is then used to infer conditional independence models, or Markov structure, for multivariate distributions. This approach results in a broader class of conditional independence models beyond standard graphical models. Factorizations that cannot be retrieved via a graph are possible. Inference of nondecomposable graphical models is possible without requiring decomposability, or the need of Gaussian assumptions. This approach leads to new Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms with both local and global moves in graph space, generally offers greater control on the distribution of graph features than currently possible, and naturally extends to hypergraphs. We provide a comparative performance evaluation against state-of-the-art approaches, and...
Granular Loess Classification Based on Loessial Fraction

Loess might be identified by two index properties: the granulomere composition and the dry unit weight. These two indices are necessary but not always sufficient for identification of loess. The 0.01–0.05-mm fraction is predominant in typical loess. On the basis of analyses of samples from three continents, it was concluded that the 0.01–0.5-mni fraction deserves the name loessial fraction . Based on the loessial fraction concept, a granulometric classification of loess is proposed. Loess-like deposits possess loessial properties, but to a lesser degree than pure loess. There is a gradual transition from loess to loess-like deposits with loessial characteristics. For this reason, authors of research papers on loess use a multitude of adjectives to describe qualitatively the loess they study. The granulomere composition chosen as the first essential and nonarbitrary characteristic of loess and loess-like formations in this paper provides a definite borderline to delineate loess from loess-like sediments. In addition, the proposed classification of loess and loess-like sediments based on the relative amount of coarse and fine fractions provides a numerical definition of the adjectives clayey and sandy as applied to loess and loess-like deposits. A triangular chart is used to classify loess. This abstract has been accepted for publication at the 27th International Geological Congress, 1984, Moskow.
Two-Phase Heat Transfer Enhancement on Sintered Copper Microparticle Porous Structure Module Surface

An experimental study of the pool boiling two-phase heat transfer on a sintered Cu microparticle porous structure module surface is conducted. Enhanced heat transfer capacity of this module surface has been reported, and the boiling characteristics have been investigated. The bubble dynamics and nucleate size distribution have been compared to the theoretical predictions, and the speculated mechanisms have been discussed.© 2009 ASME
Tandem azidination- and hydroazidination-Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloadditions of ynamides. Synthesis of chiral amide-substituted triazoles.

Tandem azidination– and hydroazidination–Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloadditions of ynamides are described here. These processes are regioselective and chemoselective, leading to the synthesis of chiral amide-substituted triazoles.
The Role of Metastasectomy in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Dedifferentiation: A Matched Controlled Analysis

Purpose: Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation remains a therapeutic challenge with no standard treatment strategies. We evaluated whether metastasectomy has any survival benefit in patients with metastatic sarcomatoid dedifferentiation treated with radical nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: From an institutional database of 273 patients with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation treated with nephrectomy we matched 80 with synchronous and asynchronous metastases for age, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status, histology and lymph node status. Matched pairs were then retained only if patients who did not undergo metastasectomy were alive at metastasectomy comparable to matched surgical patients to decrease the bias of survival outcomes. Overall survival from nephrectomy was studied using univariable and multivariable proportional hazards regression.Results: Median overall survival was 8.3 (95% CI 6.5–10.5) and 18.5 months (95% CI 11.5–42.9) in patien...
A broadly applicable NHC-Cu-catalyzed approach for efficient, site-, and enantioselective coupling of readily accessible (pinacolato)alkenylboron compounds to allylic phosphates and applications to natural product synthesis.

A set of protocols for catalytic enantioselective allylic substitution (EAS) reactions that allow for additions of alkenyl units to readily accessible allylic electrophiles is disclosed. Transformations afford 1,4-dienes that contain a tertiary carbon stereogenic site and are promoted by 1.0–5.0 mol % of a copper complex of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). Aryl- as well as alkyl-substituted electrophiles bearing a di- or trisubstituted alkene may be employed. Reactions can involve a variety of robust alkenyl–(pinacolatoboron) [alkenyl–B(pin)] compounds that can be either purchased or prepared by various efficient, site-, and/or stereoselective catalytic reactions, such as cross-metathesis or proto-boryl additions to terminal alkynes. Vinyl-, E-, or Z-disubstituted alkenyl-, 1,1-disubstituted alkenyl-, acyclic, or heterocyclic trisubstituted alkenyl groups may be added in up to >98% yield, >98:2 SN2′:SN2, and 99:1 enantiomeric ratio (er). NHC–Cu-catalyzed EAS with alkenyl–B(pin) reagents containing a conju...
Numerical Simulation of a Low Pressure Turbine Blade Employing Active Flow Control

High altitude aircraft experience a large drop in the Reynolds number (Re) from take off conditions to cruise conditions. It has been shown in previous research performed by Simon and Volino [1] that this reduction in Re number causes the flow inside the turbine cascades to become laminar, and separate more readily on the suction side of the turbine blade. This boundary-layer separation greatly reduces the efficiency of the turbine and aircraft engine as a whole, and therefore is undesirable. To prevent this loss of efficiency, research will be pursued for active and passive means to delay and/or eliminate the flow separation. Lake et al. [2] used passive boundary layer trip, dimples, and V-grooves in an extensive study to reduce separation on the Pak-B turbine blade. Although these passive techniques were able to reduce the separation at fixed Re numbers, an active flow control method is needed for more efficient separation reduction over a range of Re numbers. Currently, researchers are investigating several different active flow control devices, including pulsating synthetic jets, vortex generator jets (VGJ), and moving protuberances. The proposed study intends to further investigate the mechanism of flow control via synthetic jets, which alternate between suction and blowing, on a low pressure turbine blade utilizing a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver. Optimum values of the associated parameters such as jet angle, blowing ratio, frequency, duty cycle, etc., of the synthetic jets will be determined. However, before investigation of the effectiveness of synthetic jets, the CFD simulation will be validated with experimental data on VGJ. A description of the implementation is presented along with preliminary results.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Schaurteite, Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O

This report presents the first crystal structure determination of the mineral schaurteite, ideally Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O, tricalcium germanium bis­(sulfate) hexa­hydroxide trihydrate. This single-crystal X-ray diffraction study investigated a natural sample from the type locality at Tsumeb, Namibia. Schaurteite is a member of the fleischerite group of minerals, which also includes fleischerite, despujolsite, and mallestigite. The structure of schaurteite consists of slabs of Ca(O,OH,H2O)8 polyhedra (site symmetry mm2) inter­leaved with a mixed layer of Ge(OH)6 octa­hedra (-3m.) and SO4 tetra­hedra (3m.). There are two H atoms in the asymmetric unit, both located by full-matrix refinement, and both forming O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Pd-Catalyzed Monoselective ortho-C–H Alkylation of N-Quinolyl Benzamides: Evidence for Stereoretentive Coupling of Secondary Alkyl Iodides

We report a method for the monoselective alkylation of ortho-C–H bonds of N-quinolyl benzamides with both primary and secondary alkyl halides under palladium catalysis. With promotion by NaHCO3 and (BnO)2PO2H or (PhO)2PO2H, symmetric benzamide substrates can be selectively ortho-alkylated to give either mono- or dialkylated products by simply adjusting the amount of NaHCO3 applied. The use of phosphate notably improves the alkylation yield, although it may not be directly involved in C–H palladation or the subsequent functionalization step. Kinetic isotope effect studies indicate that C–H palladation is not the rate-limiting step. Examination of the reactions of an isolated palladacycle intermediate with both cis- and trans-4-methylcyclohexyl iodides revealed surprising stereoretentive couplings of these alkyl iodides. This evidence strongly suggests that the functionalization of the palladacycle with secondary alkyl iodides proceeds via a rarely precedented concerted oxidative addition pathway.
Prolonged second stage in nulliparous with epidurals: a systematic review

AbstractObjective: Management of prolonged second stage of labor remains a clinical challenge. Nulliparous with epidurals are the most likely women to have a prolonged second stage and can be difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal and fetal morbidities associated with prolonged second stage of labor in nulliparous women with epidurals.Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Ovid and Scopus searches for case series evaluating the morbidities of prolonged second stage of labor. Search terms used were “prolonged”, “second stage”, and “labor”. Prolonged second stage was defined as three hours or more. Retrospective case series of prolonged second stage in nulliparous women with epidurals were identified. The primary outcome was the incidence of cesarean delivery.Results: Two retrospective series with 5350 nulliparous women with prolonged second stage were identified. 76.3% (4 081/5 350) had an epidural. Of all nulliparous women with an epidur...
Fracture of Amorphous Polymeric Solids: Reinforcement

Although the tensile stress at break (σb) and the corresponding ultimate elongation (αb) of a reinforced elastomer depend markedly on temperature and test rate, characteristic time‐to‐break curves can be obtained utilizing the Leaderman‐Tobolsky‐Ferry superpositioning techniques. In addition, a distinctive failure envelope is obtained when the log σbT0/T is plotted against log (αb−1), where T and T0 (°K) are the test temperature and an arbitrary reference temperature. Delayed ruptured experiments yield qualitatively the same results as forced rupture experiments. Furthermore, an analysis of the Leaderman‐Tobolsky‐Ferry shift parameters indicate a concomitant increase in the apparent activation energy with increasing reinforcement concentration. These observations are explicable by utilizing the failure theory of Bueche and Halpin. It is now apparent that failure is the result of the propagation of tears or cracks within the viscoelastic body and that the time and temperature dependence of the ultimate pro...
PPBS in higher education planning and management: Part I, an overview

Higher education in the United States and elsewhere is beset by crises: crises of public confidence, questions of continuing relevance, doubts about continuing the emphasis on doctoral instruction, and a very real financial crisis. In response, governing boards and governmental agencies are devoting increasing attention to the management of higher education. Part of this response has been a heightened interest in formal planning-programming-budgeting-systems (PPBS); in fact, several states have legislated the adoption of PPBS for higher educational planning and decision making. Similar interest has been evidenced in other countries. Therefore, it is an appropriate time to reconsider the nature and role of PPBS and its potential impact on higher education. This paper describes the salient characteristics of PPBS and traces the development of PPBS and related analytical techniques in governmental agencies and institutions of higher education. A second paper will illustrate both the concepts and the implementation of PPBS by a detailed exposition of the University of California's experience with PPBS. Finally, in a third paper we suggest an alternative view of policy analysis for educational planning which is a departure from traditional PPBS. We conclude with general observations and specific recommendations to educational managers seeking to improve their resource allocation procedures.
Periodic Acid, a Novel Oxidant of Polycyclic, Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Certain polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons can be oxidized with periodic acid in aprotic solvents containing a small proportion of water. A unique, two-fold character of response to periodic acid by these hydrocarbons has been found: (1) production of a coupling reaction through a radical intermediate [conversion of pyrene into 1,1'-bipyrene, and fluorene into 1,2-bis(2,2'-biphenylylene)ethylene] or (2) conversion into quinones by a two-equivalent oxidation mechanism that does not involve a radical intermediate [acenaphthene, anthracene, anthrone, benz[a]anthracene, naphthacene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene]. Little or no reaction was observed when oxidation was attempted with sodium metaperiodate instead of periodic acid. Electron-spin resonance revealed no radical intermediate in the oxidation of malonic acid with either periodic acid or sodium periodate.
Bounded Memory and Biases in Information Processing

Before choosing among two actions with state-dependent payoffs, a Bayesian decision-maker with a finite memory sees a sequence of informative signals, ending each period with fixed chance. He summarizes information observed with a finite-state automaton. I characterize the optimal protocol as an equilibrium of a dynamic game of imperfect recall; a new player runs each memory state each period. Players act as if maximizing expected payoffs in a common finite action decision problem. I characterize equilibrium play with many multinomial signals. The optimal protocol rationalizes many behavioral phenomena, like �stickiness,� salience, confirmation bias, and belief polarization.
Electron-Deficient Olefin Ligands Enable Generation of Quaternary Carbons by Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling

A Ni-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling with 1,1-disubstituted styrenyl aziridines has been developed. This method delivers valuable β-substituted phenethylamines via a challenging reductive elimination that affords a quaternary carbon. A novel electron-deficient olefin ligand, Fro-DO, proved crucial for achieving high rates and chemoselectivity for C–C bond formation over β-H elimination. This ligand is easy to access, is stable, and presents a modular framework for reaction discovery and optimization. We expect that these attributes, combined with the fact that the ligands impart distinct electronic properties to a metal, will support the invention of new transformations not previously possible using established ligands.
Divergent Reaction Pathways of a Cationic Intermediate: Rearrangement and Cyclization of 2-Substituted Furyl and Benzofuryl Enones Catalyzed by Iridium(III)

In contrast to 2-substituted pyrrole enones, furyl and benzofuryl enones do not undergo the Nazarov electrocyclization. Instead, these furyl and benzofuryl enones exhibit unusual rearrangement sequences in the presence of catalytic amounts of [IrBr(CO)(DIM)((R)-(+)-BINAP)](SbF6)2 (1; DIM = diethylisopropylidene malonate) and AgSbF6 (1:1). A 1,2-H shift followed by intramolecular Friedel−Crafts alkylation leads to synthetically valuable cyclohexanones with furanylic quaternary centers. The electrophilicity of 1 is essential for this rearrangement.
Fate of Diflubenzuron in Southwestern Corn Borer Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The penetration and metabolism of diflubenzuron were examined in nondiapausing (NDL) and diapausing (ElL) larvae of Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar). Penetration of diflubenzuron into NDL was about twice that of EIL, with times for 50% disappearance of topically applied radiocarbon of 360 and 744 min, respectively. Both NDL and EIL degraded diflubenzuron; only 56% of the injected dose was the parent compound by 16 h. The major metabolite in the organic extract at 16 h was 4-chloroaniline, comprising 21 and 30% of the dose in NDL and EIL, respectively. Other metabolites isolated from both larval types included N -[[(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide, N- [[(4-chloro-3-hydroxypheny1)amino]carbony1]-2,6-difluorobenzamide, 2,6-difluorobenzamide, 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid, and 4-chlorophenylurea. Unidentified radiocarbon, probably conjugates, was present in the aqueous extract; this material comprised 9% in NDL and 3% in EIL at 16 h. Degradation of diflubenzuron by D. grandiosella was appreciably greater than that reported for other lepidopterans.
Intervention in Online Writing Instruction: An Action-theoretical Perspective

Abstract This analysis argues for an interwoven perspective of motivation, engagement, agency, and action in Online Writing Instruction (OWI) compiled from shared elements of empirical research in online education, writing instruction, and especially student academic engagement in traditional classrooms, where the research domain is comparatively mature. Engagement is the common element shared by these domains. In online education research, engagement is sometimes understood through intentional student actions. In writing instruction, engagement is commonly understood through human agency. In academic settings, engagement can be seen as a foundational part of Self-Determination Theory, which is comprised of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement ( Deci and Ryan, 1985 ). Educators often find measures of engagement valuable because they are reliable predictors of student outcomes, and they suggest a reasonable point of intervention for struggling students. A measure of agentic engagement, which describes the extent to which a student exerts agency to personalize a learning experience, could add value to measures of engagement, especially in OWI where actions and agency are integral to student success. In addition, a focus on engagement and intervention/remediation may offer an opportunity for students to succeed in learning online, not just in OWI, which is a valued skill in the workplace.
Expanding the developmental models of writing: a direct and indirect effects model of developmental writing (DIEW).

We investigated direct and indirect effects of component skills on writing (DIEW) using data from 193 children in Grade 1. In this model, working memory was hypothesized to be a foundational cognitive ability for language and cognitive skills as well as transcription skills, which, in turn, contribute to writing. Foundational oral language skills (vocabulary and grammatical knowledge) and higher-order cognitive skills (inference and theory of mind) were hypothesized to be component skills of text generation (i.e., discourse-level oral language). Results from structural equation modeling largely supported a complete mediation model among four variations of the DIEW model. Discourse-level oral language, spelling, and handwriting fluency completely mediated the relations of higher-order cognitive skills, foundational oral language, and working memory to writing. Moreover, language and cognitive skills had both direct and indirect relations to discourse-level oral language. Total effects, including direct and indirect effects, were substantial for discourse-level oral language (.46), working memory (.43), and spelling (.37), followed by vocabulary (.19), handwriting (.17), theory of mind (.12), inference (.10), and grammatical knowledge (.10). The model explained approximately 67% of variance in writing quality. These results indicate that multiple language and cognitive skills make direct and indirect contributions, and it is important to consider both direct and indirect pathways of influences when considering skills that are important to writing.
Statistical inference of a convergent antibody repertoire response to influenza vaccine

Background Vaccines dramatically affect an individual’s adaptive immune system and thus provide an excellent means to study human immunity. Upon vaccination, the B cells that express antibodies (Abs) that happen to bind the vaccine are stimulated to proliferate and undergo mutagenesis at their Ab locus. This process may alter the composition of B cell lineages within an individual, which are known collectively as the antibody repertoire (AbR). Antibodies are also highly expressed in whole blood, potentially enabling RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies to query this diversity. Less is known about the diversity of AbR responses across individuals to a given vaccine and if individuals tend to yield a similar response to the same antigenic stimulus.
DUAL MOBILITY FOR RECURRENT DISLOCATION: DOUBLE TROUBLE?

Dual mobility components for total hip arthroplasty provide for an additional articular surface, with the goals of improving range of motion, jump distance, and overall stability of the prosthetic hip joint. A large polyethylene head articulates with a polished metal acetabular component, and an additional smaller metal head is snap-fit into the large polyethylene. New components have been released for use in North America over the past three years. In some European centers, these components are routinely used for primary total hip arthroplasty. However, their greatest utility may be to manage recurrent dislocation in the setting of revision total hip arthroplasty. Several small retrospective series have shown satisfactory results for this indication at short- to medium-term follow-up times. However, there are important concerns with polyethylene wear, late intra-prosthetic dislocation, and the lack of long-term follow-up data. These components are an important option in the treatment of recurrent dislocation in younger patients, revision of failed metal-metal resurfacing, and salvage of failed constrained liners. Until further long-term results are available, caution is advised in the routine use of dual mobility components in primary or revision total hip arthroplasty.
Turbulent Diffusion and the Reaeration Coefficient

An investigation was undertaken with the following objectives: (1) Relating the oxygen absorption phenomenon to the modern concepts of turbulent flow; (2) obtaining a rational explanation of the me...
LiNa5Mo9O30: Crystal Growth, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Properties

We report on the crystal growth, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of LiNa5Mo9O30. The refractive indices were measured, and a very large birefringence of 0.2545 at 450.2 nm was determined. In addition, calculated phase-matching curves indicate that LiNa5Mo9O30 can achieve noncritical type I and type II phase-matching (NCPM) for incident 1064 nm radiation. Maker fringe measurements, to determine individual nonlinear optical coefficients, were also performed on the crystals resulting in d31 = 1.4 pm/V, d32 = 4.3 pm/V, and d33 = 1.1 pm/V. The laser damage threshold (LDT) is around 1.2 GW/cm2 at 1064 nm using a 6 ns Nd:YAG laser operating at 5 Hz. The quality of the crystals was measured by high resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements that revealed a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 59″ from the (001) reflection. The absorption edge was determined to be 357 nm, with transmission up to 5.26 μm. Our results indicate that single crystal LiNa5Mo9O30 is an excellent polarizer as well as...
Blowing in the wind: a study for Granger causality between managerial strategy and organizational performance

ABSTRACTMixed findings on the impact of strategy on performance suggest that it is necessary to investigate the causal relationship between strategy and performance. We theorize that past negative performance may motivate public managers to be defenders, which will enable them to focus on core tasks. Using Texas school district data, we explore the reverse causality between strategy and performance through Granger causality test. Our findings suggest that poorly performing public organizations are more likely to be defenders, though past strategy does not significantly influence performance. The findings contribute to the literature by demonstrating that the strategy–performance link may run in reverse direction.
Recent Fog Investigations

Fog is the result of a condensation process near the earth's surface when the air is cooled below its dew-point temperature by one or more of the processes which will be discussed in the second part of this paper. The classical experiments of Wilson (I) showed that some types of particles, now called nuclei of condensation , must be present in the air if condensation is to occur with a reasonable degree of supersaturation.
Investigation of equivalent step-stress testing plans

AbstractAccelerated life testing (ALT) is a method for obtaining failure time data of test units quickly under more severe conditions than the normal operating conditions. Typical ALT plans require the determination of stress types, stress levels, allocation of test units to those stress levels, duration of the test and other test parameters. Traditionally, ALT is conducted under constant stresses during the entire test duration. In practice, the constantstress tests need more test unites and a long time at low stress levels to yield sufficient failure data. However, due to budget and time constraints, there are increasing necessities to design testing plans that can shorten the test duration and reduce the total cost while achieving the equivalent accuracy of reliability estimate. In this chapter, we develop an equivalent step-stress testing plan such that the reliability predictions at normal conditions using the results of this plan will be approximately “equivalent” to the corresponding constant-stress test plan but the test duration is significantly shortened. We determine the optimum parameters of the test plan through a numerical example and evaluate the equivalence of the test plans using simulation. We also investigate the sensitivity of the ALT model parameters.
Inter-Technology Backscatter: Towards Internet Connectivity for Implanted Devices

We introduce inter-technology backscatter, a novel approach that transforms wireless transmissions from one technology to another, on the air. Specifically, we show for the first time that Bluetooth transmissions can be used to create Wi-Fi and ZigBee-compatible signals using backscatter communication. Since Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and ZigBee radios are widely available, this approach enables a backscatter design that works using only commodity devices. We build prototype backscatter hardware using an FPGA and experiment with various Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee devices. Our experiments show we can create 2--11~Mbps Wi-Fi standards-compliant signals by backscattering Bluetooth transmissions. To show the generality of our approach, we also demonstrate generation of standards-complaint ZigBee signals by backscattering Bluetooth transmissions. Finally, we build proof-of-concepts for previously infeasible applications including the first contact lens form-factor antenna prototype and an implantable neural recording interface that communicate directly with commodity devices such as smartphones and watches, thus enabling the vision of Internet connected implanted devices.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Noninvasive Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Is Cytomorphologically Distinct From the Invasive Counterpart.

Objectives: To review a series of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTCs) in an attempt to further define the role of cytopathology in the diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features and invasive FVPTC. Methods: Surgical pathology cases diagnosed as FVPTC with correlating thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were identified and divided into two FVPTC groups: noninvasive and invasive. Cytologic diagnoses were compared between them. Results: We identified 23 cases that met the criteria for noninvasive FVPTC and 27 cases that were typical infiltrative FVPTC (n = 16) or encapsulated FVPTC with either capsular and/or lymphovascular invasion (n = 11). Of the noninvasive FVPTC cases, there were four benign lesions, 14 follicular lesions of undetermined significance (FLUS), four follicular neoplasms (FNs), one suspicious case, and no papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). In the invasive FVPTC group, there were no benign cases, four FLUS, three FNs, 12 suspicious cases, and eight PTCs. Conclusions: There is a distinction in the cytologic diagnosis between noninvasive and invasive FVPTC. The invasive subtype was diagnosed by FNA as suspicious for PTC or PTC in nearly 75% of cases, while only one (4%) case for the noninvasive subtype was diagnosed as suspicious for PTC ( P < .05).
REVIEW OF MAJOR TRAUMA INJURIES IN CYCLISTS: EXPERIENCE FROM LEVEL 1 TRAUMA CENTRE

Evidence suggests that there 17% rise in cycling related injuries in the last year. The objective of the study is to analyze the pattern of injuries in cyclists who were treated as a MTC. This is a retrospective study performed at a Tertiary Trauma Centre in central London. All cyclists who were admitted as MTC to hospital between January 2011 and August 2013 were included. Overall there were 518 patients who were treated as vehicle- related Major Trauma Cases, out of which 118 (23%) were cyclists. Of the 118 cyclists, 98 (83%) were male and 20 (17%) female. The mean Injury Severity Score was 19.2 ±11.1 (mean/SD). There were 58 (49%) patients who required ITU support. Major proportion of patients (68 patients – 61%) sustained neurological injuries. There were 2 (1.7%) deaths, both due to neurological injuries. In comparison to other group of vehicles there is less number of bicycles on the roads. Our results show that the proportion of cyclists involved in road traffic incidents is higher (23%) than other vehicles. Our results show that large proportions (61%) of cyclists sustain neurological injuries, reinforcing the previous evidence that safe protective head gear is vital for cyclists.
Adaptive agent allocation for massively multi-agent applications

Although distributed computing is necessary to execute massively multi-agent applications, the distribution of agents is challenging especially when the communication patterns among agents are continuously changing. This paper proposes two adaptive agent allocation mechanisms for massively multi-agent applications: one mechanism aims at minimizing agent communication cost, while the other mechanism attempts to prevent overloaded computer nodes from negatively affecting overall performance. We synthesize these two mechanisms in a multi-agent framework called Adaptive Actor Architecture (AAA). In AAA, each agent platform monitors the workload of its computer node and the communication patterns of agents executing on it. An agent platform periodically reallocates agents according to their communication localities. When an agent platform is overloaded, the platform migrates a set of agents, which have more intra-group communication than inter-group or inter-node communication, to a lightly loaded agent platform. These adaptive agent allocation mechanisms are developed as fully distributed algorithms, and they move the selected agents as a group. In order to evaluate these mechanisms, preliminary experimental results with large-scale micro UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) simulations are described.
Nanofocusing of UV light in aluminum V-grooves

Using the Finite Difference Time Domain method, this paper investigates electromagnetic nanofocusing of ultraviolet light transmitting through V-groove like waveguide in Aluminum via simulation. Parametric study of the field enhancement around the V-groove tip area has been conducted via the change of groove depth, width, and the tip angle. Electric field threshold at the tip of the V-groove in the Ultraviolet wavelength has attracted attention and further effort has been placed to find an origination of this phenomenon. Adiabatic condition and attenuation has been taken into consideration as the possible explanation. Through simplification of the V-groove model into its corresponding Metal-Dielectric-Metal (MDM) waveguide at each distance from the tip, numerical calculations have been taken to figure out the impact of waveguide width on the adiabatic parameter, propagation constant and propagation length. Comparison and analysis for those curves with respect to typical Ultraviolet wavelength is conducted and discussed.
THE ROLE OF INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAEDIATRIC RADIAL NECK FRACTURES

The aim of this study is to discuss the results of intramedullary devices in the management of paediatric radial neck fractures and to suggest methods to avoid the pitfalls of the technique. 30 patients with isolated Judet III and IV fractures were included in this retrospective study. The method of reduction was reviewed. The final results were graded using the Metaizeau functional scoring system and Oxford Elbow score. Intramedullary K wires were used in 10 patients and blunt tipped TENS nails in 20 patients. The complications seen were radiocapitellar joint penetration-6 cases at mean 4.87 weeks, redisplacement - 6, radial epiphyseal sclerosis - 5 and heterotopic ossification - 1 case. The functional result was good to excellent in 24 of 30 cases(80%). The mean Oxford Elbow score was 44.32. The mean follow-up was 40.11 months. Intramedullary K wires may result in radiocapitellar joint penetration. Blunt tipped devices should not be used as purely fixation devices as they may not prevent redisplacement. Minimal redisplacement does not affect the functional outcome. Regular follow-up until atleast 6 weeks is essential. Patients who have a Judet IV fracture and need open reduction should be closely followed up and given a guarded prognosis.
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis after Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (AFND), or Sweet syndrome, is a rare neutrophil-mediated hypersensitivity reaction of unknown etiology. There are four sub-classifications of AFND: (1) idiopathic, (2) para-inflammatory, (3) paraneoplastic, and (4) pregnancy-associated [1]. Patients with AFND typically present with fever, leukocytosis, sub-epidermal edema, and red, blue, or violet papules that may coalesce into painful plaques or bullae [1,2,3].
SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE REVISION KNEE: GETTING THERE SAFELY

Exposure in revision total knee replacement can be quite challenging due to scar formation from one or many previous incisions. Disruption of the patellar or quadriceps tendon during revision must be avoided at all costs and many surgical maneuvers have been described to permit safe exposure in order to remove the implants during the initial stage of reconstruction. Standard manoeuvres include recreation of the medial and lateral gutters, patient dissection to allow the soft tissue to stretch over time and proximal medial exposure of the tibia and release of the semimembranosis tendon insertion. There are three specialised techniques for exposure during revision total knee replacement: the quadriceps snip as described by Insall, the V-Y quadriceps turndown as described by Coonse and Adams, and the tibial tubercle osteotomy as described by Whiteside. The quadriceps snip is a proximal lateral extension of the medial arthrotomy used during a standard approach. It is easy to perform and can be used for most revision situations. This is should be the standard first choice for gaining exposure in revision surgery. The V-Y quadriceps turndown is quite extensile and is a combination of a lateral retinacular release connected to the proximal portion of the medial arthrotomy. Although it allows excellent exposure in revision situations, it is associated with extensor weakness and extensor lag. The Whiteside tibial tubercle osteotomy is also a versatile approach. Care should be taken to preserve a lateral periosteal sleeve, and subsequent repair with wire presents the best healing possibility. It is quite elegant in providing access to the proximal tibia to facilitate removal of a well fixed, stemmed tibial component.
Insulation aging characteristics as measured by shearing modulus

A new method is described for determining the effect of thermal aging on the shearing modulus of flexible sheet insulations by non-destructive tests using a torsion pendulum technique. The test sample consists of a twelve-inch length of the material under test clamped between two pairs of inertia bars of different weight and inertia.
Order-Revealing Encryption: New Constructions, Applications, and Lower Bounds

In the last few years, there has been significant interest in developing methods to search over encrypted data. In the case of range queries, a simple solution is to encrypt the contents of the database using an order-preserving encryption (OPE) scheme (i.e., an encryption scheme that supports comparisons over encrypted values). However, Naveed et al. (CCS 2015) recently showed that OPE-encrypted databases are extremely vulnerable to "inference attacks." In this work, we consider a related primitive called order-revealing encryption (ORE), which is a generalization of OPE that allows for stronger security. We begin by constructing a new ORE scheme for small message spaces which achieves the "best-possible" notion of security for ORE. Next, we introduce a "domain extension" technique and apply it to our small-message-space ORE. While our domain-extension technique does incur a loss in security, the resulting ORE scheme we obtain is more secure than all existing (stateless and non-interactive) OPE and ORE schemes which are practical. All of our constructions rely only on symmetric primitives. As part of our analysis, we also give a tight lower bound for OPE and show that no efficient OPE scheme can satisfy best-possible security if the message space contains just three messages. Thus, achieving strong notions of security for even small message spaces requires moving beyond OPE. Finally, we examine the properties of our new ORE scheme and show how to use it to construct an efficient range query protocol that is robust against the inference attacks of Naveed et al. We also give a full implementation of our new ORE scheme, and show that not only is our scheme more secure than existing OPE schemes, it is also faster: encrypting a 32-bit integer requires just 55 microseconds, which is more than 65 times faster than existing OPE schemes.
Asymptotic Density and the Theory of Computability: A Partial Survey

The purpose of this paper is to survey recent work on how classical asymptotic density interacts with the theory of computability. We have tried to make the survey accessible to those who are not specialists in computability theory and we mainly state results without proof, but we include a few easy proofs to illustrate the flavor of the subject.
Mathematical study of scattering resonances

We provide an introduction to mathematical theory of scattering resonances and survey some recent results.
Innovation under Regulatory Uncertainty: Evidence from Medical Technology.

Abstract This paper explores how the regulatory approval process affects innovation incentives in medical technologies. Prior studies have found early mover regulatory advantages for drugs. I find the opposite for medical devices, where pioneer entrants spend 34% (7.2months) longer than follow-on entrants in regulatory approval. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the cost of a delay of this length is upwards of 7% of the total cost of bringing a new high-risk device to market. Considering potential explanations, I find that approval times are largely unrelated to technological novelty, but are meaningfully reduced by the publication of objective regulatory guidelines. Finally, I consider how the regulatory process affects small firms' market entry patterns and find that small firms are less likely to be pioneers in new device markets, a fact consistent with relatively higher costs of doing so for more financially constrained firms.