cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lastarria y la Revisión Judicial de la Ley en el Marco de la Constitución Chilena de 1833 (Lastarria and Judicial Review of Legislation within the Framework of the Chilean 1833 Constitution)

Spanish Abstract: Se identifican algunos textos de Lastarria, donde sugirio establecer un sistema de control judicial de la ley en el marco de la Constitucion chilena de 1833. Luego de revisar la literatura pertinente, se argumenta que la propuesta de Lastarria fue original entre sus pares academicos conocidos, y la mas antigua identificada hasta ahora en Chile. Ademas, el trabajo sostiene que la propuesta de Lastarria es consistente con el resto de su pensamiento politico-constitucional relevante.English Abstract: This paper identifies some texts authored by Lastarria, where he suggested to establish a judicial review of legislation system within the framework of the Chilean 1833 Constitution. After reviewing the pertinent literature, the paper argues that Lastarria’s proposal was original among his known academic peers, and the oldest currently known in Chile. In addition, the paper claims that Lastarria’s proposal was consistent with his relevant political-constitutional scholarship.
Hispanic Period Archaeology in the Tucson Basin: An Overview

AbstractThis paper provides a brief overview of historical events in the Tucson Basin and of the events that occurred outside this area that influenced the people of southern Arizona. The Hispanic period may best be understood by reviewing historical records and associated artifacts in terms of site function, networks of trade and communication, and social interaction among cultural groups. Excavations in Hispanic period sites in the Tucson Basin and Santa Cruz Valley, dating from Kino's expeditions of the 1690s to the withdrawal of Mexican soldiers from the Tucson presidio in 1856, have produced ceramics - Pi man, Hispanic, European, Oriental, and American - that give a better understanding of conditions recorded in the historical documents.
Predicting Cognition and Psychosis in Young Adults With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent to which the trajectories of intellectual, academic achievement, executive functioning, attention, working memory, and emotion recognition tests will be predictive of psychosis in young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). METHODS Eighty-two participants with 22q11DS were assessed for psychiatric disorders and neuropsychological functioning with validated instruments. Siblings and community controls were employed as comparison groups. RESULTS Individuals with 22q11DS differed significantly from siblings and controls in longitudinal trajectories of visual and auditory working memory as well as academic achievement. Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive set shifting, reading decoding, and emotion recognition predicted the presence of positive symptoms of psychosis in early adulthood. Cognitive set shifting improved at a slower rate for individuals with 22q11DS + psychosis than those without psychosis. Emotion recognition increased steadily in individuals without psychosis, whereas for those with psychosis, scores increased until approximately 15 years of age, at which point they began to decrease rapidly. A similar, but more subtle effect, was seen for reading decoding. CONCLUSIONS Our data are the first to go beyond IQ assessments in assessing longitudinal neuropsychological outcomes and risk for psychosis in 22q11DS. Individuals with 22q11DS who developed psychotic symptoms improved less appreciably and continued to demonstrate difficulties with cognitive flexibility relative to individuals with 22q11DS who did not have psychotic symptoms. Individuals with 22q11DS who developed psychosis had weaker reading skills in childhood and, after an initial improvement into adolescence, these individuals with psychosis had a decline in reading skills. In 22q11DS, cognitive deficits are both (a) traits that are preexisting and raise the risk for psychosis and (b) associated with the onset of psychotic symptoms. Future research should consider the extent to which cognitive set shifting and reading decoding are related to the Verbal IQ declines observed in the 22q11DS population.
Automated radiosynthesis of (S)-[11C]LY2795050 for imaging κ-opioid receptors in nonhuman primate brain

1057 Objectives Central κ-opioid receptors (KOR) in brain play a vital role in sensory processing, mood transition and behavioral responses to drugs of abuse and also are involved in several neurological disorders including depression, anxiety, alcoholism and AD. In vitro and initial animal evaluation suggested (S)-[11C]LY2795050 is a potent and selective KOR antagonist. Here, we report the automated radiosynthesis in TRASIS AIO module and PET imaging studies of (S)-[11C]LY2795050 for imaging KOR in nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. Methods TRASIS AIO is an automated radiosynthesis module that produces GMP grade PET radiopharmaceuticals for human injections. Based on reported method, (S)-[11C]LY2795050 was synthesized and automated in a TRASIS AIO module with slight modifications. Briefly, the enatiomerically pure iodoaryl precursor underwent Pd-catalyzed [11C]cyanation at 85°C for 3 min, followed by base assisted hydrolysis then HPLC purification and C18 cartridge elution to afford (S)-[11C]LY2795050. To demonstrate the validity of the synthesized radiotracer, PET imaging studies were conducted on adult male rhesus monkeys. BPND were determined using the SRTM model. Specificity studies were performed by pretreating monkey with the non-radioactive (S)-LY2795050 prior to radiotracer injection. Results (S)-[11C]LY2795050 was synthesized with high radiochemical purity (>99%) and high specific activity (~2600 mCi/µmol, n >10) with 28% radiochemical yield, decay corrected to EOS. The total time required for the synthesis, including [11C]HCN production, two-step reaction, purification and formulation was ~40 min. Baseline scans suggested the radiotracer distribution is consistent with KOR densities and pretreatment with the blocker (S)-LY2795050 decreased the receptor region uptake, demonstrating that the synthesized (S)-[11C]LY2795050 specifically binds to KOR in NHP brain. Conclusions We report the automated radiolabeling procedure for (S)-[11C]LY2795050 with high radiochemical yield, purity and specific activity in TRASIS AIO module that can be directly translated and easily adapted to any automated modules for human injections and clinical trials. We further validated the radioactive uptake and specificity in brains of rhesus monkeys using PET imaging studies.
Are Electronic and Paper Questionnaires Equivalent to Assess Patients with Overactive Bladder

Purpose: Overactive bladder syndrome is defined as urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with or without urgency urinary incontinence in the absence of urinary tract infection or another obvious pathological condition. Electronic questionnaires have been used in a few specialties with the hope of improving treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, they have not been widely used in the urological field. When treating overactive bladder, the main outcome is to improve patient quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether electronic questionnaires would be equally accepted as or preferred to paper questionnaires. The secondary objective was to look at the preference in relation to patient age, education and iPad® tablet familiarity.Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated the iList® electronic questionnaire application using a friendly iPad tablet in patients with overactive bladder who presented to the urology clinic at our instit...
Usefulness of alirocumab and evolocumab for the treatment of patients with diabetic dyslipidemia.

In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the anti-proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies, alirocumab and evolocumab, to treat patients with hy...
Quantitative assessment of cell contractility using polarized light microscopy.

Cell contractility regulates multiple cell behaviors which contribute to both normal and pathological processes. However, measuring cell contractility remains a technical challenge in complex biological samples. The current state of the art technologies employed to measure cell contractility have inherent limitations that greatly limit the experimental conditions under which they can be used. Here, we use quantitative polarization microscopy to extract information about cell contractility. We show that the optical retardance signal measured from the cell body is proportional to cell contractility in two-dimensional and three-dimensional platforms, and as such can be used as a straightforward, tractable methodology to assess cell contractility in a variety of systems. This label-free optical method provides a novel and flexible way to assess cellular forces of single cells and monolayers in several cell types, fixed or live, in addition to cells present in situ in mouse tumor tissue samples. This easily implementable and experimentally versatile method will significantly contribute to the cell mechanics field.
Orientación de espacio y tiempo en la cultura tojolabal por medio de la conversación

In 1978 Brody, with their consent, left a recorder in a room to tape a conversation between two Tojolabal speakers in Comitan, Chiapas. The present text is a transcription and analysis of that text. The text itself includes various topics of ordinary life such as a bus ride to another town and a discussion of where work may be available. Interesting ethnographic features of the discourse are described that include the use of repetition, the manner in which time is contextualized, and the use of certain particles to relate the action to the present. She also points out the manner in which the speakers take turns in the conversation, the ways in which they construct the sequence of their talk, change topics, and indicate that they are listening or not to the other speaker. Also important are the ways in which the speakers draw on shared social and cultural knowledge.
Pierre Duhem: Galileo and the Science of Motion

The pioneers of the history of science movement, with an important exception, were not much interested in the Middle Ages. One can read George Sarton, William Dampier, and Alexandre Koyre, to name but three, and not generate any great excitement for the medieval period.1 Such historians may not have referred to these as the “Dark Ages,” but one gets the impression from them that they were pretty murky times — an uninteresting interlude between the close of classical antiquity and the rebirth of learning at the end of the Renaissance,2 which would lead directly to the seventeenth century and its “Scientific Revolution” so graphically portrayed by Herbert Butterfield.3 The important exception was Pierre Duhem, who first wrote his fascinating essay on ‘Sozein ta phainomena: An Essay on the Notion of Physical Theory from Plato to Galileo,’ then produced his three-volume study on Leonardo da Vinci, subtitled ‘Those Whom He Read, and Those Who Read Him,’ and finally his monumental ten volumes on Le Systeme du monde.4 In all these works the Middle Ages got their fair share of attention. Moreover, in the course of their writing, Duhem, the scientist and the philosopher, became Duhem the medievalist, a man passionately in love with the Middle Ages. And out of this research Duhem was emboldened to propose a daring two-part thesis: (1) that the condemnations of 1277 marked the origin of modern science, the decisive break with Aristotle and the beginning of new, imaginative cosmologies to replace his;5 and (2) that the fourteenth-century development following the condemnations gave birth to important new concepts, such as impetus and uniformly difform motion, whose proponents, the Doctores Parisienses, were the precursors of Galileo.6
Socio-technical transformations in secondary markets: a comparison of craigslist and VarageSale

Secondary markets have a coextensive history with the world wide web – from email lists to message boards, people have consistently used the web to facilitate the exchange of used goods, job ads an...
Case‐control study of heart rate abnormalities across the breast cancer survivorship continuum

BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying impaired exercise capacity and increased cardiovascular mortality observed in breast cancer (BC) patients remain unclear. The prevalence, functional, and prognostic significance of elevated resting heart rate (HR) and abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) in breast cancer (BC) requires evaluation. METHODS In a single-center, retrospective, case-control study of women referred for exercise treadmill testing (ETT), 448 BC patients (62.6 ± 10.0 years) were compared to 448 cancer-free, age-matched controls. Elevated resting HR was defined as HR ≥80 bpm at rest. Abnormal HRR at 1-minute following exercise was defined as ≤12 bpm if active recovery or ≤18 bpm if passive recovery. Association of these parameters with exercise capacity and all-cause mortality was evaluated. RESULTS Elevated resting HR (23.7% vs 17.0%, P = 0.013) and abnormal HRR (25.9% vs 20.3%, P = 0.048) were more prevalent in BC cohort than controls. In adjusted analyses, BC patients with elevated resting HR (-0.9 METs (SE 0.3); P = 0.0003) or abnormal HRR (-1.3 METs (SE 0.3); P < 0.0001) had significant reductions in metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved during exercise. Elevated resting HR was not associated with mortality. There was a trend toward increased mortality in BC cohort with abnormal HRR (adjusted hazard ratio 2.06 (95% CI 0.95-4.44, P = 0.07)). CONCLUSIONS Women across the BC survivorship continuum, referred for ETT, have an increased prevalence of elevated resting HR and abnormal HRR relative to cancer-free, age-matched female controls. These parameters were associated with decreased exercise capacity. Strategies to modulate these abnormalities may help improve functional capacity in this cohort.
Experimental assessments of marine species sensitivities to ocean acidification and co-stressors: how far have we come?1

Experimental studies assessing the potential impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms have rapidly expanded and produced a wealth of empirical data over the past decade. This perspective ...
Increasing topological diversity during computational “synthesis” of porous crystals: how and why

Effectively tuning the properties of porous crystals could lead to breakthroughs in areas such as molecular separation, chemical sensing, and catalysis. The most tunable kind of porous crystals are metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Their tunability has resulted in MOFs being the focus of intensive research. However, MOF tunability also gives rise to an overwhelmingly large “MOF-space” (the conceptual space of all MOFs) that cannot be comprehensively explored experimentally. Because of this, high throughput computational screening (HTCS) emerged as a tool to more rapidly explore MOF-space. However, the effectiveness of HTCS is tied to the ability of computational algorithms for automated crystal construction to access every point in MOF-space. To this end, here we introduce a crystallographic net rescaling algorithm to the topologically-based crystal constructor (ToBaCCo) code that allows for the automated construction of MOFs (or other porous crystals) of any topology by exploiting graph theory. We demonstrate the capabilities of the new version of the code (ToBaCCo 3.0) by computationally “synthesizing” seven sets of isomorphic MOFs, where chemical composition remains constant within each set, but crystal topology varies across 19 previously inaccessible topologies. Furthermore, we illustrate the importance of computationally synthesizing all possible isomorphs for a given MOF composition by showing how strongly crystal topology influences simulated adsorption and mechanical properties. Specifically, we show that among crystal isomorphs i) methane deliverable capacity can vary by values as large as 150 cc(STP)/cc ii) adsorption selectivity for ethene/ethane mixtures can switch from ethene- to ethane-selective between MOF isomorphs, and iii) mechanical stability can be lost, and bulk moduli can exhibit significant variations, all solely due to a change in crystal topology.
Accidental Overdose of Paliperidone Palmitate

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics first introduced in 1960s are useful in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with poor medication adherence due to their maintaining feature of therapeutic plasma level without daily administration. Paliperidone Palmitate is one of such LAI antipsychotic drugs used due to its benefit of maintaining a therapeutic plasma level with four-week interval of injections. We report the case of a 21-year-old male with a history of mental illness that presented with selective mutism, disorganized speech, thought process and behavior, and auditory hallucinations who accidentally received 624 mg Paliperidone Palmitate intramuscularly with no reported side effects after 2 weeks of monitoring and observation. Paliperidone is a D2, 5HT2A receptor antagonist with additional antagonist activity at α-1 and α-2, H-1 receptor sites, and four metabolic pathways identified for its metabolism. Studies have reported adverse effects such as acute dystonia, acute renal failure, and cardiovascular abnormalities with Paliperidone overdose; however there is no reported literature on Paliperidone Palmitate overdose, though there have been reported cases of Paliperidone Palmitate side effects of hypersexuality and angioedema with the standard dose.
Thermal and optical characterization of asphalt field cores for microscale urban heat island analysis

Abstract Pavements contribute significantly to the development of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs). The impact of pavements on UHI depends on multiple material factors, including its thermal and optical properties. Field cores from asphalt concrete (AC) pavements from four locations in Illinois and one in Indiana, USA, were used to evaluate the optical and thermal properties of the corresponding pavements. Thermal conductivity ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 W/mK (average of 2.2 W/mK), diffusivity 0.6–2.0 mm2/s (average of 1.5 mm2/s), and heat capacity 0.7–3.0 MJ/m3K (average of 1.5 MJ/m3K), which differ significantly from values typically recommended in pavement design. The same cores were used to calibrate a simplified bilinear aging albedo model, with the asymptotic albedo and at-construction albedo being largely within the expected range of 0.10–0.20 and 0.05–0.10, respectively. The emissivity was found to be between 0.70 and 0.90, which agrees with values reported in the literature. These properties were used to evaluate the local pavement Radiative Forcing ( RF p ) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) as well as the diurnal net surface heat flux and surface temperature of the pavements. The RF p varied depending on aging albedo and emissivity, while surface temperature and net surface heat flux also depended on thermal properties.
Ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn condensed distiller's solubles and whole stillage for pigs

Abstract The immense growth in global bioethanol production has greatly increased the supply of by-products such as whole stillage and condensed distiller’s solubles, which could be potentially used for animal feeding. The objective of this experiment was to determine apparent ileal digestibility coefficients (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SID) of crude protein and amino acids in corn condensed distiller’s solubles (CCDS) and corn whole stillage (CWS) when fed to pigs. A total of 18 finishing barrows with an average initial body weight 79.4 ± 4.5 kg and a simple T cannula in the distal ileum were used in this experiment. Two test diets were formulated with CCDS or CWS as the sole source of amino acids, and a nitrogen free diet was used for estimation of basal ileal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids. The direct procedure was employed for calculation of AID and SID in the two by-products. Compared with CWS, CCDS had higher SID of crude protein (0.864 vs. 0.796; P = 0.03) and lysine (0.821 vs. 0.743, P = 0.10), but lower SID of methionine (0.730 vs. 0.831, P = 0.009), and similar SID of threonine (0.762 vs. 0.710, P = 0.26), tryptophan (0.862 vs. 0.863, P = 0.98), and cysteine (0.675 vs. 0.686, P = 0.74). The information generated from this experiment can be used for formulation of swine diets containing these two ethanol by-products.
Surveillance, Analysis, and Violence: The Operations of the Bengal Police Intelligence Branch

Chapter 3 explores how colonial intelligence against the revolutionaries was gathered, ordered, and understood. Colonial anxieties about “Bengali terrorism” led to the growth of an extensive intelligence apparatus. District Intelligence Branches established throughout the province sought to enhance the intelligence-gathering capacity of the police regarding the revolutionary movement and to remedy the persistent information-gathering deficiencies of the colonial state. The chapter highlights the crucial role in the colonial state’s counter-terrorism campaign played by Indian officers, who were the primary mode of contact between informants and British officers, as well as the degree to which the use of torture and coercion was a colonial strategy. Lastly, this chapter analyzes the ways in which officials sought to convert the masses of information they collected into histories of the Bengali revolutionaries which sought to predict their future actions. While the hopes of police officials for an all-encompassing intelligence structure failed to materialize, intelligence work nevertheless played an important role in the widespread use of detention without trial, one of the major weapons deployed by the colonial state against the revolutionaries.
The Labile Nature of Ice Nucleation by Arizona Test Dust

Dust aerosol is an important atmospheric component due to its ice nucleating ability, which affects cloud phase and precipitation. Arizona Test Dust (ATD) is often used as a proxy for environmental...
A Novel Correction Equation Avoids High-Magnitude Errors in Interpreting Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Phenytoin Among Critically Ill Patients.

Background Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic index and the potential of under-treatment or toxicity. Available equations are used to correct for the impact of hypoalbuminemia on unbound (free) phenytoin levels. The authors aimed to determine the accuracy of equations used to estimate free phenytoin in hospitalized patients and assess the impact of using additional clinical data. Methods Concurrently measured total and free phenytoin levels in hospitalized patients (2014-2018) were retrospectively evaluated, excluding those from patients on renal replacement therapy and valproic acid. Differences between actual and estimated free phenytoin levels by the original (Original WTZ), Anderson-modified, and Kane-modified Winter-Tozer equations were assessed using Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman analysis. Thereafter, a population-derived formula was developed and validated in a testing cohort. Results In the 4-year training cohort (n = 81), the Original WTZ equation had the smallest mean difference of all equations. A higher mean difference [-0.362 mcg/mL (95% CI -0.585 to -0.138) vs. -0.054 mcg/mL (95% CI -0.186 to 0.078)] was observed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients. A cross-validated multivariable model improved the accuracy of free phenytoin estimation in ICU and non-ICU patients, even in the separate testing cohort (n = 52) with respective mean differences of -0.322 mcg/mL (95% CI -0.545 to -0.098) and -0.025 mcg/mL (95% CI -0.379 to 0.329) and was superior to the Original WTZ [mean difference -0.858 mcg/mL (95% CI -1.069 to -0.647) vs. -0.106 mcg/mL (95% CI -0.362 to 0.151), respectively]. Conclusions Free phenytoin levels in hospitalized patients cannot be accurately determined using available estimation equations, particularly in critically ill patients. Combining ICU status and other available clinical data can improve therapeutic drug monitoring and prevent high-magnitude errors, particularly when free phenytoin assays are not readily available.
Development of a test method to determine the effectiveness of UVC systems on commercial cooking effluent (RP-1614)

Public attention has been drawn to the commercial restaurant cooking emission since it can cause health and hygiene risks, reduction of the efficiency of the ventilation system, and even fire accid...
Semantic Layout Manipulation with High-Resolution Sparse Attention.

We tackle the problem of semantic image layout manipulation, which aims to manipulate an input image by editing its semantic label map. A core problem of this task is how to transfer visual details from the input images to the new semantic layout while making the resulting image visually realistic. Recent work on learning cross-domain correspondence has shown promising results for global layout transfer with dense attention-based warping. However, this method tends to lose texture details due to the resolution limitation and the lack of smoothness constraint of correspondence. To adapt this paradigm for the layout manipulation task, we propose a high-resolution sparse attention module that effectively transfers visual details to new layouts at a resolution up to 512x512. To further improve visual quality, we introduce a novel generator architecture consisting of a semantic encoder and a two-stage decoder for coarse-to-fine synthesis. Experiments on the ADE20k and Places365 datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves substantial improvements over the existing inpainting and layout manipulation methods.
The Omega Turn: A Biologically-Inspired Turning Strategy for Elongated Limbless Robots

Snake robots have the potential to locomote through tightly packed spaces, but turning effectively within unmodelled and unsensed environments remains challenging. Inspired by a behavior observed in the tiny nematode worm C. elegans, we propose a novel in-place turning gait for elongated limbless robots. To simplify the control of the robots’ many internal degrees-of-freedom, we introduce a biologically-inspired template in which two co-planar traveling waves are superposed to produce an in-plane turning motion, the omega turn. The omega turn gait arises from modulating the wavelengths and amplitudes of the two traveling waves. We experimentally test the omega turn on a snake robot, and show that this turning gait outperforms previous turning gaits: it results in a larger angular displacement and a smaller area swept by the body over a gait cycle, allowing the robot to turn in highly confined spaces.
Public debt, institutional quality and growth in sub-Saharan Africa: a threshold analysis

Using data for 44 sub-Saharan African countries, this study analyzes the effect of public debt on economic growth and assesses whether institutional quality matters for this effect. The results ind...
A Multi-Directional Single-Proof-Mass Accelerometer Contact Microphone (Accelophone) with 10Khz Open-Loop Bandwidth

This paper reports on the implementation and characterization of a hermetically-sealed single-proof-mass multi-directional accelerometer contact microphone exhibiting wide operational bandwidth (>10kHz) and low noise (Brownian noise <10µg/√Hz). The device employs a decoupling frame to enable translational motion in all three directions and utilizes dedicated differential sense electrodes along three axes to minimize cross-axis sensitivity. All the tethers supporting the proof-mass are formed in the single crystal silicon device layer having 40µm thickness, thereby increasing robustness and manufacturability of the sensor. The 3mmx3mm vibration sensor exhibits an open-loop flat gain response from DC to 10kHz, making it suitable for use in emerging health monitoring applications that require high-precision high-bandwidth vibration sensors.
Power-Based Attacks on Spatial DNN Accelerators.

With proliferation of DNN-based applications, the confidentiality of DNN model is an important commercial goal. Spatial accelerators, that parallelize matrix/vector operations, are utilized for enhancing energy efficiency of DNN computation. Recently, model extraction attacks on simple accelerators, either with a single processing element or running a binarized network, were demonstrated using the methodology derived from differential power analysis (DPA) attack on cryptographic devices. This paper investigates the vulnerability of realistic spatial accelerators using general, 8-bit, number representation. We investigate two systolic array architectures with weight-stationary dataflow: (1) a 3 $\times$ 1 array for a dot-product operation, and (2) a 3 $\times$ 3 array for matrix-vector multiplication. Both are implemented on the SAKURA-G FPGA board. We show that both architectures are ultimately vulnerable. A conventional DPA succeeds fully on the 1D array, requiring 20K power measurements. However, the 2D array exhibits higher security even with 460K traces. We show that this is because the 2D array intrinsically entails multiple MACs simultaneously dependent on the same input. However, we find that a novel template-based DPA with multiple profiling phases is able to fully break the 2D array with only 40K traces. Corresponding countermeasures need to be investigated for spatial DNN accelerators.
Unilateral deep brain stimulation masks undiagnosed epilepsy in a Parkinson’s Disease patient: A Case Report (P2.342)

Objective: To describe a rare case of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the globus pallidus interna (GPi) masking seizure in a Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patient. Background: Not applicable. Design/Methods: A case report. Results: A 77 year old caucasian female with PD receives a DBS targeting bilateral GPi nuclei with activation of the right lead only. She has no history of seizure. Approximately one year after DBS placement she is admitted for treatment of acute onset Bipolar mania. During her hospital stay, she becomes catatonic with rare episodes of left head turning and rigidity. The initial EEG shows a diffuse 60 hertz artifact. The DBS is turned off due to concern for possible behavioral side effects after which EEG reveals multiple right focal seizures with secondary generalization. A brain positron emission tomography (PET) scan shows hypermetabolic activity surrounding the right DBS lead and ipsilateral frontal cortex. Despite multiple anti-epileptic drug (AED) trials, it is not until the DBS is turned back on that the seizures are controlled. The patient reports at the time of follow up she is non-compliant with AEDs. She is exclusively maintained on right lead DBS activation. No further seizure activity is reported. Conclusions: Deep brain stimulation for the management of intractable epilepsy has acquired extensive attention recently for its results targeting different areas of the brain. Trials targeting the hippocampus and cortex by responsive neural stimulation (RNS) and DBS targeting the anterior nucleus of the thalamus have shown notable success. Among the targets investigated, the basal ganglia has yet to be extensively studied outside of animal models. This case is a novel example of successful seizure suppression in a patient with GPi lead placement. Prior animal studies suggest neuromodulation of the GPi and its network within the human brain merits further clinical studies in regards to the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Taylor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gonzalez-Montoya has nothing to disclose.
Chasidim vs. Misnagdim: A Compilation of Mocking Humor

A schism that dates back to the 18th century divides what is commonly known as ultra-Orthodox Judaism – the Chasidim and the Misnagdim. Chasidic Jews (the term means “the pious one”) base their practices on the teachings of the Baal Shem Tov, a mystic who lived in Eastern Europe in the early 1700s, serve God with joy. They believe that even the simplest Jew can achieve spiritual growth by helping others and loving God. The Misnagdim (“the opponents”) ascribed to a more austere philosophy, feeling that one should refrain from levity and excessive joy; they considered the surest way to become close to God was through intense study of the Talmud. They tended to be more ascetic than the Chasidim. This paper will show how the two groups used humor to mock each other, based on mutual stereotypes. The differences between the two groups have narrowed considerably, but they still tell jokes about each other.
Making the News: Politics, the Media, and Agenda Setting

Media attention can play a profound role in whether or not officials act on a policy issue, but how policy issues make the news in the first place has remained a puzzle. Why do some issues go viral and then just as quickly fall off the radar? How is it that the media can sustain public interest for months in a complex story like negotiations over Obamacare while ignoring other important issues in favor of stories on "balloon boy"? With Making the News, Amber E. Boydstun offers an eye-opening look at the explosive patterns of media attention that determine which issues are brought before the public. At the heart of her argument is the observation that the media have two modes: an "alarm mode" for breaking stories and a "patrol mode" for covering them in greater depth. While institutional incentives often initiate alarm mode around a story, they also propel news outlets into the watchdog - like patrol mode around its policy implications - until the next big news item breaks. What results from this pattern of fixation followed by rapid change is skewed coverage of policy issues, with a few receiving the majority of media attention while others receive none at all. Boydstun documents this systemic explosiveness and skew through analysis of media coverage across policy issues, including in-depth looks at the waxing and waning coverage around two issues: capital punishment and the "war on terror." Making the News shows how the seemingly unpredictable day-to-day decisions of the newsroom produce distinct patterns of operation with implications - good and bad - for national politics.
The Child's View of Neighborhood: Assessing a Neglected Element in Direct Social Work Practice

SUMMARY The research presented in this paper contributes to the social work profession by uncovering the child-neighborhood relationship as an element for assessment in direct social work practice. Neighborhood is often viewed as the domain of macro level practice. However, in direct social work practice, aspects of the broader social and physical environment are often omitted. The results of this qualitative study, in which 59 fourth and fifth graders were queried about their neighborhoods, indicate that the child-neighborhood relationship be viewed as a vital facet in direct practice assessments. Specifically, the findings suggest that four distinct components be included in the assessment of child-neighborhood relationships. Implications for the inclusion of neighborhood in bio-psycho-social assessments with children are discussed.
An integrated evaluation method for module-based undergraduate information retrieval education

In the Information Age, career and life-long learning increasingly depend on information-retrieval (IR) skills to utilize digital and on-line information effectively. Consequently, IR has become a valuable integral element of many disciplines. To address primary problems in the current college-level IR education, we have proposed a module-based curricular model that facilitates the development of an array of IR course modules that enable flexible adoption and integration. In addition, these modules can be designed to meet the specific needs of various disciplines and programs. This paper presents a preliminary integrated evaluation method which combines subjective and objective evaluation in order to assess the effectiveness of the IR modules.
Analysis of Ozone Air Quality Over the New York Metropolitan Area

The New York Metropolitan Area (NYMA), comprising portions of the States of New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut, lies within the emissionsrich Northeastern urban corridor with significant inter-urban transport of ozone and its precursors. Peak ozone concentrations during the summer months in NYMA are significantly higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. The multi-day character of these elevated ozone concentrations over NYMA (see Rao, 1988) is primarily associated with summertime meteorological conditions and south-southwesterly flows over the Northeastern United States which favor transport of ozone and its precursors along the Northeast urban corridor.
Pain, Fatigue, and Psychological Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Childhood-Onset Lupus

Objective To evaluate pain, fatigue, and psychological functioning of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and examine how these factors impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods At a tertiary rheumatology clinic, 60 childhood-onset SLE patients completed the following: a visual analog scale (VAS) of pain intensity (0–10), the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) multidimensional fatigue scale, Pain Coping Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Children's Depression Inventory I (CDI-I), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire, and the PedsQL generic core (GC) scale and rheumatology module (RM). Sociodemographics and multiple disease activity indicators were recorded. Results Fatigue was present in 65% of the patients. Clinically relevant pain (pain-VAS >3), anxiety (SCARED ≥25), and depressive symptoms (CDI-I >12) were observed in 40%, 37%, and 30% of the patients, respectively; 22% had high catastrophizing (PCS ≥26). On average, the PedsQL-GC and -RM scores for childhood-onset SLE were lower than in healthy norms. Reduced PedsQL-GC and -RM scores were highly correlated with greater levels of fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (Pearson's r > 0.65), but had weak correlation with disease activity (Pearson's r < 0.25). Regression analysis demonstrated HRQOL was most impacted by fatigue, pain, and anxiety when evaluating all factors concurrently (P < 0.001). Conclusion Childhood-onset SLE is associated with decreased HRQOL, and psychological aspects of health contribute substantially to low HRQOL, whereas measures of childhood-onset SLE activity seem less relevant. Fatigue, pain, mood, and anxiety symptoms are present in a large subgroup of patients and need medical attention to achieve optimal health outcomes.
Measurements of 1-Hz Coronal Oscillations at Total Eclipses and Their Implications for Coronal Heating

As a test of predictions of solar coronal heating via surface Alfven waves, we observed small coronal loops during the total solar eclipses of 1980 and 1983. Our results indicate excess power in the 0.5–2 Hz range at the level of 1% in the coronal green line relative to continuum oscillation power. The results indicate that the surface Alfven-wave models of Ionson and the subsequent Alfvenic models of Hollweg can supply adequate energy to heat the corona.
Antigen Density Presented By Dendritic Cells In Vivo Differentially Affects the Number and Avidity of Primary, Memory, and Recall CD8+ T Cells

We studied the size and avidity of primary and recall CD8 + T cell responses in vivo in mice immunized with dendritic cells presenting different densities of a MHC class I-restricted peptide. Increasing the epitope density on a fixed number of dendritic cells increased the size of the primary response, yet had no influence on the avidity of the effector cells. However, epitope density-based selection of cells with different avidities was evident in the subsequent memory population, and in recall responses. Additionally, mice primed with different peptide densities had similarly sized quiescent memory and recall responses. Our findings provide evidence for an important role for epitope density in the selection of T cells in vivo.
Theoretical Modeling of Radiation‐Induced DNA Damage

Ionizing radiation causes a variety of damages to DNA in living systems. Thus, the understanding of radiation-induced chemical processes leading to specific damage in DNA is of substantial biological importance.Radiation ionizes each component of DNA (i.e., base, sugar, phosphate) and the surrounding water molecules in a random fashion and produces a cascade of secondary electrons,most ofwhich are below15 eV andaredesignatedas low-energyelectrons (LEE).LEEareproduced ina largequantity (4 10 perMeV energy deposited) along the tracks of the ionizing radiation and havebeen shown to result in directDNAdamage inmodel systems in the seminalwork of Sanche and co-workers, who found that LEEs create singleand double-strand breaks(SSBsandDSBs) inDNAthroughdissociativeelectronattachment (DEA). These findings having been substantiated by the work of others. Only a small fraction of LEE result in DNA damage, because most electrons are thermalized and either recombine with positive charge (“hole”) or are captured by the pyrimidines [thymine (T) and cytosine (C)], resulting in radical anion formation.During ionization events, all the bases are randomly ionized and “holes” (radical cations) are formed, which travelwithinDNA toward the base having lowest ionization potential, the order being guanine (G)< adenine (A)< cytosine (C) thymine (T). Therefore, in a randomly ionized DNA double strand, the hole tunnels or hops from one base to
Line search techniques for elasto‐plastic finite element computations in geomechanics

In this paper we present a globally convergent modification of Newton's method for integrating constitutive equations in elasto-plasticity of geomaterials. Newton's method is known to be q-quadratically convergent when the current solution approximation is adequate. Unfortunately, it is not unusual to expend significant computational time in order to achieve satisfactory results. We will present a technique which can be used when the Newton step is unsatisfactory. This scheme can be considered as a modified version of the traditional concept of backtracking along the Newton direction if a full Newton step provides unsatisfactory results. The method is also known as line search technique. The technique is applied to the fully implicit Newton algorithm for a hardening or softening general isotropic geomaterials at the constitutive level. Various solution details and visualizations are presented, which emerge from the realistic modelling of highly non-linear constitutive behaviour observed in the analysis of cohesionless granular materials. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RESPONSE TO DIETARY THERAPY IN B12 UNRESPONSIVE METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA

A 14-month-old girl with a virtual arrest in development at a 3-month stage was found to have methylmalonic acidemia. She was unresponsive to large doses of B12 or of dimethylbenzimadazole cobamide. Dietary therapy was devised to restrict protein containing isoleucine, threonine, valine, and methionine to the amounts required for growth. She had a dramatic response both clinically and chemically. Catch-up somatic growth was matched by growth in head size and intellectual development. These observations indicate that marked improvement in brain function may occur during the treatment of metabolic disease, even well after a year of age.
Student Perceptions of Nutrition Education at Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine: A Resource Challenged Institution

Nutrition education is an essential component of medical education if new physicians are to be equipped to address common chronic diseases, including obesity and the associated diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Most medical students recognize this need and desire nutrition education; however, finding time in a medical school curriculum and funding are challenging. Available, free online resources and small group exercises can be utilized to provide basic, up-to-date nutrition information to medical students.
The multiplicity of pairs of modules and hypersurface singularities

This paper applies the multiplicity polar theorem to the study of hypersurfaces with non-isolated singularities. The multiplicity polar theorem controls the multiplicity of a pair of modules in a family by relating the multiplicity at the special fiber to the multiplicity of the pair at the general fiber. It is as important to the study of multiplicities of modules as the basic theorem in ideal theory which relates the multiplicity of an ideal to the local degree of the map formed from the generators of a minimal reduction. In fact, as a corollary of the theorem, we show here that for M a submodule of finite length of a free module F over the local ring of an equidimensional complex analytic germ, that the number of points at which a generic perturbation of a minimal reduction of M is not equal to F, is the multiplicity of M.
Polygenetic tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) magmatism in the Smartville Complex, Northern California with a note on LILE depletion in plagiogranites

Tonalite, trondhjemite, and granodiorite (TTG) occur in dikes, plugs and tabular to equant plutons within the intrusive core of the Smartville Complex, a late Jurassic rifted arc. Two groups of TTG are recognized. A high-K group consisting of calc-alkaline tonalite to granodiorite is enriched in LILE and Th and depleted in Na, Y and HREE with respect to a more tholeiitic and trondhjemitic low-K group. Within the high-K group, Th, LIL, La, and La / Lu show a regional southward increase from biotite tonalite plutons in the north to granodiorite intrusions in the south. These regional chemical variations parallel regional chemical variations in older metavolcanic rocks and massive metadiabase that form the bulk of the basement into which the Smartville TTG were intruded. The geochemical and geological characteristics of most high-K group rocks are consistent with an origin by low-pressure ( 10 kb. Thus, the basement probed by the high-K group may be vertically, as well as laterally, extensive. A low-K group of largely tholeiitic tonalite to trondhjemite intrusions has lower LIL, Th, and La/Lu and higher Na, Y and HREE than the high-K group. Within this group, Y, Ga, and Na all increase to the west towards the Smartville sheeted dike complex. The westernmost intrusives in the low-K group have the chemical characteristics (e.g. high Y, Y/Nb and (Y+Nb)/Rb) of ocean ridge granites. The low-K group is best modeled by crystal fractionation of coeval, basaltic and andesitic magmas, although crustal assimilation also appears to be important in one of the intrusions. Like most oceanic tonalites (e.g. plagiogranites), the low-K group rocks are overdepleted in LIL elements. The over-depletion appears to be an intrinsic property of the low-K intrusives, unrelated to post-magmatic hydrothermal effects. It is proposed that LIL elements are lost from low-K rocks because they evolve a vapor phase prior to the fixing of LIL elements by crystallization of a phase such as biotite. The relative order of LIL over-depletion (Rb > K > Ba) is consistent with this interpretation. Polygenetischer Tonalit-Tronhjemit-Granodiorit (TTG)-Magmatism.us im Smartville Komplex, Nord-Kalifornien, mit einer Notiz Uber LILE Verarmung
A support vector machines-based rejection technique for speech recognition

Support vector machines represent a new approach to pattern classification developed from the theory of structural risk minimization. In this paper, we present an investigation into the application of support vector machines to the confidence measurement problem in speech recognition. Specifically, based on the results from an initial decoding of an utterance during speech recognition, we derive a feature vector consisting of parameters such as word score density, N-best word score density differences, relative word score and relative word duration as input to the confidence measurement process in which hypothetically correct utterances are accepted and utterances determined to be incorrect are rejected. We propose a new approach to training support vector machines. In this paper, we train and test a support vector machines classifier and compare the results with other statistical classification methods.