cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformance verification for neural network models of glucose-insulin dynamics

Neural networks present a useful framework for learning complex dynamics, and are increasingly being considered as components to closed loop predictive control algorithms. However, if they are to be utilized in such safety-critical advisory settings, they must be provably "conformant" to the governing scientific (biological, chemical, physical) laws which underlie the modeled process. Unfortunately, this is not easily guaranteed as neural network models are prone to learn patterns which are artifacts of the conditions under which the training data is collected, which may not necessarily conform to underlying physiological laws. In this work, we utilize a formal range-propagation based approach for checking whether neural network models for predicting future blood glucose levels of individuals with type-1 diabetes are monotonic in terms of their insulin inputs. These networks are increasingly part of closed loop predictive control algorithms for "artificial pancreas" devices which automate control of insulin delivery for individuals with type-1 diabetes. Our approach considers a key property that blood glucose levels must be monotonically decreasing with increasing insulin inputs to the model. Multiple representative neural network models for blood glucose prediction are trained and tested on real patient data, and conformance is tested through our verification approach. We observe that standard approaches to training networks result in models which violate the core relationship between insulin inputs and glucose levels, despite having high prediction accuracy. We propose an approach that can learn conformant models without much loss in accuracy.
Controllable and scalable engineered soil surrogates utilizing simulated soil organic matter for the study of environmental, ecological, and agricultural processes

An entirely new, tunable, and scalable platform (model) and approach for the detailed study of important molecular processes that take place in geomacromolecular matrices, such as soils, using bloc...
Management of Fever in Infants and Young Children

Despite dramatic reductions in the rates of bacteremia and meningitis since the 1980s, febrile illness in children younger than 36 months continues to be a concern with potentially serious consequences. Factors that suggest serious infection include age younger than one month, poor arousability, petechial rash, delayed capillary refill, increased respiratory effort, and overall physician assessment. Urinary tract infections are the most common serious bacterial infection in children younger than three years, so evaluation for such infections should be performed in those with unexplained fever. Abnormal white blood cell counts have poor sensitivity for invasive bacterial infections; procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels, when available, are more informative. Chest radiography is rarely recommended for children older than 28 days in the absence of localizing signs. Lumbar puncture is not recommended for children older than three months without localizing signs; it may also be considered for those from one to three months of age with abnormal laboratory test results. Protocols such as Step-by-Step, Laboratory Score, or the Rochester algorithms may be helpful in identifying low-risk patients. Rapid influenza testing and tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be of value when those diseases are circulating. When empiric treatment is appropriate, suggested antibiotics include ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for infants one to three months of age and ampicillin with gentamicin or with cefotaxime for neonates. For children three months to three years of age, azithromycin or amoxicillin is recommended if pneumonia is suspected; for urinary infections, suggested antibiotics are cefixime, amoxicillin/clavulanate, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Choice of antibiotics should reflect local patterns of microbial resistance.
Development and Testing of a Test Level 4 Concrete Bridge Rail and Deck Overhang

A Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH)-compliant Test Level 4 (TL-4) concrete bridge rail was optimized to satisfy MASH TL-4 design loads, maximize vehicle stability, minimize installation c...
Upper Vaginectomy for Fibroid Recurrence at the Vaginal Cuff in a Patient with ER/PR Positive, HER2/Neu Negative Breast Cancer

Study Objective To present an unusual case of fibroid recurrence at the vaginal cuff, and a unique approach to safely perform an upper vaginectomy Design The following video shows the operative technique utilized for the below presentation. Follow up included was the patient's two week post operative appointment. Setting In the operating room with the patient in dorsal lithotomy position, utilizing deep trendelenberg and a robotic platform Patients or Participants Our patient is a 42 year old female with newly diagnosed ER/PR positive, Her2/neu negative invasive ductal carcinoma. She underwent pre operative imaging which showed a mass at her vaginal cuff. She had a history of uterine fibroids for which she underwent a laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy years prior. Interventions The patient was taken to the operating room for a robotic assisted left oophorectomy and upper vaginectomy with removal of vaginal cuff mass. Measurements and Main Results Pathology revealed leiomyoma without evidence of malignancy Conclusion Robotic assisted upper vaginectomy is a safe approach for a removal of a mass at the vaginal cuff and allows the surgeon to easily perform ureterolysis to the level of the insertion of the ureters at the bladder.
Can coppicing planted saplings improve the growing position of mid-tolerant northern hardwood tree species in harvest gaps?

Abstract Group harvesting is often used to regenerate mid-tolerant tree species. However, in managed northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes region, regeneration failures are common among mid-tolerant species regardless of gap size. Coppicing advance regeneration has the potential to alter recruitment patterns within harvest gaps, as some mid-tolerant species have large dormant season carbohydrate reserves in the root system. However, the comparative sprouting abilities of northern hardwood saplings are not well quantified. Furthermore, variation in light availability and chronic browsing from white-tailed deer may modify comparative sprouting abilities. In this study, we tracked the effects of dormant season coppicing and deer exclusion on the initial sprouting response and five-year survival, height growth, and final height of seven-year-old volunteer white ash saplings and planted yellow birch, paper birch, northern red oak, sugar maple, red maple, and American beech saplings across a gradient of harvest gap sizes (10–35 m diameter,
A Scalable 32-to-56Gb/s 0.56-to-1.28pJ/b Voltage-Mode VCSEL-Based Optical Transmitter in 28nm CMOS

As data rates continue to increase, the reach of electrical interconnects is becoming shorter due to loss and distortion of the signal. Optical interconnects based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) provide a cost-effective solution to transfer data over tens of meters in data centers. However, integrating optical transceivers within a server platform requires improved bandwidth density and energy efficiency. High data-rate, compact area, and energy-efficient transmitter (TX) circuits that mitigate VCSEL nonlinearity and bandwidth limitations are key enablers of this integration. This paper presents an optical TX implemented in 28nm bulk CMOS which drives an 850nm VCSEL up to 56Gb/s.
Individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status and risk of aggressive breast cancer subtypes in a pooled cohort of women from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

Author(s): Aoki, Rhonda-Lee F; Uong, Stephen P; Gomez, Scarlett Lin; Alexeeff, Stacey E; Caan, Bette J; Kushi, Lawrence H; Torres, Jacqueline M; Guan, Alice; Canchola, Alison J; Morey, Brittany N; Lin, Katherine; Kroenke, Candyce H | Abstract: BackgroundLow socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with a higher risk of aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes, but few studies have examined the independent effects of both neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (nSES) and individual-level SES measures.MethodsThis study included 5547 women from the Pathways and Life After Cancer Epidemiology cohorts who were diagnosed with invasive BC. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine associations of nSES (a composite score based on income, poverty, education, occupation, employment, rent, and house value) and individual-level SES (income and education) with BC subtypes: luminal B (LumB), Her2-enriched (Her2-e), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relative to luminal A (LumA). Models controlled for age, race, nativity, stage, days from diagnosis to survey, and study cohort and simultaneously for nSES and individual-level SES.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, low nSES was significantly associated with the LumB (odds ratio for quartile 1 vs quartile 4 [ORQ1vQ4 ], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.54; P for trendn=n.005) and TNBC subtypes (ORQ1vQ4 , 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02-1.71; P for trendn=n.037) relative to LumA. Conversely, individual education was significantly associated with only the Her2-e subtype (odds ratio for high school degree or less vs postgraduate, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03-2.75; P for trendn=n.030) relative to LumA. Individual income was not significantly associated with any BC subtype.ConclusionsnSES and individual-level SES are independently associated with different BC subtypes; specifically, low nSES and individual-level education are independent predictors of more aggressive BC subtypes relative to LumA.
Reliability and accuracy in radiographic measurements of musculoskeletal tumors.

Tumor size and growth are important parameters when evaluating bone and soft tissue neoplasms. There are no reports comparing the intra- and interobserver reliability among physicians in their evaluation of musculoskeletal (MSK) tumor imaging. This study investigates the accuracy and precision of measurements made by orthopedic and radiology physicians in different stages of training. Blinded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from six patients, three soft tissue, and three bone tumors were selected: each case included an "old" and "new" scan that was performed at least 3 months apart. Fourteen participants were selected, representing varying levels of education and experience, including two of each of the following: medical students, orthopedic and radiology residents, oncology and nononcologic orthopedic attendings, and MSK and non-MSK radiology attendings. Participants compared the old and new studies, recording tumor size in the transverse, cranial-caudal, and anterior-posterior dimensions, and determined if the tumor was stable or unstable. The MRI's official report served as the "gold standard." Average intraobserver variability (|Trial 1 - Trial 2|/[(Trial 1 + Trial 2)/2])) in size measurements was 11.08% (0.00%-68.62%). The lowest variability was recorded by the MSK radiologist 1 (6.16%), and the greatest variability by Orthopedic Surgery Resident 1 (16.70%). Participants correctly determined stability 82% of the time (71%-100%). Only MSK radiologists correctly determined stability in over 90% of cases. There is considerable variability and inaccuracy in MRI-based measurements of MSK tumors. These findings motivate opportunities for improving MSK imaging education of radiology and orthopedic residents. Physicians ordering MRI scans should evaluate them themselves, instead of relying on the radiology report alone, to inform clinical decision-making.
Numerical Analysis of Plane Elasticity Problems

The method is applicable to those two-dimensional elasticity problems having stress boundary conditions. The generalized presentation of results makes it possible to apply the method to many diversely shaped regions. The method results in a system of linear simultaneous equations. While the coefficient matrix of this set of equations is dense, it is well-conditioned and the unknowns can be determined with excellent accuracy using standard matrix procedures. The method is presented in a form easily adapted for digital computer solution. Excellent results are obtained in reasonable computing time. To demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method, the problem of stress concentration in long thin tensile members having semicircular notches is considered. Stress concentration factors are presented for radius-of-notch to minimum-member-width ratios ranging from 0.001 to 1.5. The results are in excellent agreement with previous analytical calculations and experimental data.
The Metabolism and Functions of Methionine

Met has three ubiquitous functions: it is utilized in protein synthesis, and, via its metabolite, AdoMet, it serves as a methyl donor in transmethylation reactions and as an aminopropyl donor in the synthesis of polyamines. In addition, Met provides sulfur for Cys synthesis in organisms incapable of fixing inorganic sulfur. Met has other, more limited, functions. In bacteria, it initiates protein synthesis via its N-formyl metabolite, and, in plants, it is a precursor of ethylene, a fruit-ripening hormone.
Teaching NeuroImages: MRI findings in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency.

A girl with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS-1) deficiency, symptomatic since the newborn period, underwent liver transplantation at 7 months. She later developed ataxia and truncal dystonia. MRI brain at age 2 years showed hyperintensities in proton density and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images involving the insular cortices, deep frontal gyri (figure 1, A and B), caudate nucleus, and putamen (figure 2, A and B). These findings are characteristic of proximal urea cycle disorders, namely CPS-1 deficiency,1, 2 and are unlikely due to myelinolysis, pontine or extrapontine. The above findings on an MRI in an encephalopathic child give a clue to the diagnosis of a hyperammonemic disorder.
Detection of multiple unresolved Rayleigh targets using quadrature monopulse measurements

When the returns from two or more targets interfere (i.e., the signals are not resolved in the frequency or time domains) in an amplitude comparison monopulse radar system, the direction of arrival estimate indicated by the monopulse ratio can wander far beyond the angular separation of the targets. The failure to detect the presence of the interference can be catastrophic to the performance of the tracking algorithm. The detection of the presence of unresolved Rayleigh targets is considered in the paper. A Neyman-Pearson detection algorithm is developed with density functions that are conditioned on the measured amplitude of the target echoes, which will be shown to define the statistics of each measured monopulse ratio. The algorithm uses both the in-phase and quadrature portions of the monopulse ratios. Receiver operating characteristic curves are given along with simulation results that illustrate the application of the algorithm.
Microbial degradation of toluene under sulfate-reducing conditions and the influence of iron on the process

Toluene degradation occurred concomitantly with sulfate reduction in anaerobic microcosms inoculated with contaminated subsurface soil from an aviation fuel storage facility near the Patuxent River (Md.). Similar results were obtained for enrichment cultures in which toluene was the sole carbon source. Several lines of evidence suggest that toluene degradation was directly coupled to sulfate reduction in Patuxent River microcosms and enrichment cultures: (i) the two processes were synchronous and highly correlated, (ii) the observed stoichiometric ratios of moles of sulfate consumed per mole of toluene consumed were consistent with the theoretical ratio for the oxidation of toluene to CO2 coupled with the reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, and (iii) toluene degradation ceased when sulfate was depleted, and conversely, sulfate reduction ceased when toluene was depleted. Mineralization of toluene was confirmed in experiments with [ring-U-14C]toluene. The addition of millimolar concentrations of amorphous Fe(OH)3 to Patuxent River microcosms and enrichment cultures either greatly facilitated the onset of toluene degradation or accelerated the rate once degradation had begun. In iron-amended microcosms and enrichment cultures, ferric iron reduction proceeded concurrently with toluene degradation and sulfate reduction. Stoichiometric data and other observations indicate that ferric iron reduction was not directly coupled to toluene oxidation but was a secondary, presumably abiotic, reaction between ferric iron and biogenic hydrogen sulfide.
Hypothesis Testing in Regression

We look at two fuzzy hypothesis tests in this chapter: (1) in the next section H0 : b = 0 verses H 1 : b > 0 a one-sided test; and (2) in the third section H 0 : c = 0 verses H1: c ≠ 0 a two-sided test. In both cases we first review the crisp (non-fuzzy) test before the fuzzy test. We could also runs tests on a. However, we will continue to use the data in Table 25.1 were we determined â = −49.3413, so a is definitely negative and a test like H 0 : a = 0 verses H 1 : a < 0 seems a waste of time.
Blind channel estimation via subspace approximation

Subspace channel estimation technique has been well studied. It relies on subspace decomposition on the data covariance matrix to identify either signal subspace or noise subspace. However, the subspace decomposition process is computationally expensive. This paper applies a novel subspace approximation (SA) idea to bypass this process for channel estimation. It is based on a recently proposed "power of R" (POR) multiuser detection technique that raises power of estimated data covariance matrix to a positive integer to approximate rather than estimate the noise subspace component. Thus complexity is significantly reduced while satisfactory performance is still maintained. Channel estimation performance is studied in detail and compared with that of the well-known subspace method in the literature.
Base-pairing configurations between purines and pyrimidines in the solid state: IV. Crystal and molecular structure of two 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complexes, 1-methyl-5-bromouracil: 9-ethyl-2-aminopurine and 1-methyl-5-fluorouracil: 9-ethyl-2-aminopurine

Abstract 9-Ethyl-2-aminopurine forms 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complexes with 1-methyl-5-bromouracil and with 1-methyl-5-fluorouracil. Both structures have been determined by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction methods and refined by block diagonal least squares. 9-Ethyl-2-aminopurine: 1-methyl-5-bromouracil crystals are monoclinic, space group P2 1 c , with a = 11.07 A , b = 12.34 A , c = 13.84 A , and β = 127 ° 2′. The aminopurine and bromouracil bases form a planar complex, joined by two hydrogen bonds; an NH … O bond involving the amino group of 2-aminopurine to the carbonyl oxygen, O(2), of bromouracil nd an NH … N bond between the ring nitrogens N(1) of 2-aminopurine and N(3) of bromouracil. Adjacent base pairs are related by a center of symmetry and are connected by hydrogen bonds between aminopurine residues. This basic tetramer structure is repeated in the 9-ethyl-2-aminopurine: 1-methyl-5-fluorouracil crystalline complex in a completely different crystal lattice environment. This second structure is monoclinic, space group P2 1 c , with a = 8.56 A , b = 21.15 A , c = 7.63 A , and β = 97 ° 48′. The base pairing configuration is of the Watson-Crick type in both structures, although certain geometric differences have been noted. These structures are discussed with respect to the preceding structures in this series of papers.
Per la priorità di Antonio Meucci nell'invenzione del telefono

April 2008 marks the bicentenary of the birth of Antonio Meucci (Florence, April 13, 1808 - New York, October 18, 1889), universally recognised as the inventor of the telephone and one of the greatest personalities who contributed to representing Florentine creativity and science. The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Florence took the initiative to celebrate the anniversary by requesting and obtaining the constitution of a National Committee from the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities.Nell'Aprile del 2008 ricorre il bicentenario della nascita di Antonio Meucci (Firenze, 13 Aprile 1808 - New York, 18 Ottobre 1889), universalmente riconosciuto come l'inventore del telefono ed uno dei grandi personaggi che hanno contribuito a rappresentare creativita e scienza fiorentine. La Facolta di Ingegneria dell'Universita degli Studi di Firenze ha preso l'iniziativa di celebrare la ricorrenza chiedendo ed ottenendo dal Ministero per i Beni e le Attivita Culturali la costituzione di un Comitato Nazionale.
The Diagnostic Significance of Video‐EEG Monitoring Findings on Pseudoseizure Patients Differs Between Neurologists and Psychiatrists

Summary: Purpose: The diagnosis of psychogenic pseudoseizures has improved with the availability of video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring; however, the outcome of this difficult disorder has remained poor. In an attempt to elucidate factors contributing to this poor outcome, we hypothesized that neurologists and psychiatrists differ in their views of the diagnosis and management of psychogenic pseudoseizure patients. Methods: The hypothesis was tested by using a brief anonymous questionnaire administered to neurologists and psychiatrists at continuing medical education (CME) conferences. Results: We found that neurologists and psychiatrists differ significantly in their opinion as to the accuracy of the video-EEG procedure; psychiatrists view video-EEG as often inaccurate in the diagnosis of psychogenic pseudoseizures compared with neurologists (p < 0.001). Neurologists, more frequently than psychiatrists, thought that patients' own psychopathology rather than “doctors dropping the ball” was a predominant factor in contributing to therapeutic failure, but this difference between specialties did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Resolving the differences between neurologists and psychiatrists would be helpful in caring for psychogenic pseudoseizure patients. These results support the need to encourage psychiatrists to have an integral involvement in epilepsy centers and to improve the understanding of psychogenic pseudoseizures in both disciplines.
Representations of health concepts: a cognitive perspective

Objective: This paper studies the differences between controlled medical vocabularies that are designed as external artifacts and the mental concepts that are inside users' heads and used by users for reasoning, decision making, diagnosis, and treatment. Design: The major theories of concept representations developed in cognitive science were reviewed, analyzed, and compared with the major controlled medical vocabularies developed in medicine. Results: It was found that there are significant mismatches between controlled medical vocabularies that are designed as external artifacts and the mental concepts that are inside users' heads and used by users for reasoning, decision making, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: Controlled medical vocabularies should be designed with systematical considerations of the cognitive structures and processes of the users. Without such considerations, the designed vocabularies will not be appropriate for people. because they are hard to use, although they may or may not be appropriate for machine processing.
5-connected 3-polytopes are refinements of octahedra

It is a consequence of a theorem of Steinitz that the boundary of every convex 3-dimensional polytope is a refinement of the boundary of the tetrahedron. We show that if the graph of the polytope is 5-connected then its boundary is a refinement of the boundary of an octahedron. @?Z 1987 Academic Press, Inc. A 3-dimensional convex polytope (hereafter to be called a 3-polytope) P is said to be a refinement of a 3-polytope Q provided there is a homeomorphism of the boundary of P to the boundary of Q such that the inverse image of each face of Q is the union of a set of faces of P. A well-known theorem of convex polytopes (see [3, Chap. 111) in that every d-polytope is a refinement of a d-simplex. Since all d-polytopes have d-connected graphs this is saying that they are all refinements of the polytope whose graph is the smallest d-connected graph. If we consider 3-dimensional polytopes one might guess that the 3-polytopes with 4-connected graphs are refinements of the 3-polytope with the smallest 3-polyhedral 4-connected graph, the octahedron. This becomes more believable in view of the fact that the duals of the 4-connected 3-polytopes are refinements of the dual of the octahedron (i.e., the cube; see PI 1. The conjecture can, however, easily been seen to be false since the antiprisms all have 4-connected graphs and none is a refinement of the octahedron (except for the trivial case of the octahedron which is a refinement of itself). If we consider 5-connected 3-polytopes we can show that they are all refinements of octahedra. 250
Unexpected Giant "V" Waves During Pulmonary Artery Catheterization

Two cases of catheterization of the pulmonary artery, in which the hemodynamic findings were very different from the initial clinical diagnosis, are presented. The importance of verifying the adequate position and motion of the pulmonary artery catheters with two consecutive chest x-rays is discussed. In particular, attention is brought to the possible misinterpretation that occurs in patients with very elevated pulmonary artery mean pressure.
“This Is Not Reality … It's Only TV”: African American Girls Respond to Media (Mis)Representations

This research investigates the ways in which three African American high school girls interpret and challenge racialized and sexualized media representations of their race, class, and gender within music videos. The authors assert that these students' ability to counter stereotypes is a reflection of their cultural orientations, as well as their developmental stage of adolescence—two phenomena rarely combined in social science research on Black girls. The first observes how participants' stage of cognitive development assists them in interpreting media content. The second looks at the historical and sociocultural experiences of females of color that may help these students resist imposed racialized identities. Researcher findings indicate that different cognitive processes and cultural experiences assist these students in filtering through media stereotypes, as well as establishing and maintaining a positive identity that is relatively separate from one-dimensional media representations.
Lack of association of human polyomaviruses with human brain tumors

Brain tumors, primarily glioblastoma multiforme, were examined for the presence of BKV DNA. DNAs extracted from 33 fresh-frozen tumors and from an additional 47 paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were tested for BKV sequences using two different primer pairs. One primer pair amplified highly conserved sequences in the early region coding for BKV and JCV T antigens. The other primer pair amplified the regulatory region of BKV-IR, a variant previously associated with human brain tumors. None of the tumors were positive for BKV or JCV DNA.
APPLICATION OF GLOBAL METHODS FOR ANALYZING DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS TO SHIP ROLLING MOTION AND CAPSIZING

Ship capsizing is a highly nonlinear dynamic phenomenon where global system behavior is dominant. However the industry standards for analysis are limited to linear dynamics or nonlinear statics. Until recently, most nonlinear dynamic analysis relied upon perturbation methods which are severely restricted both with respect to the relative size of the nonlinearity and the region of consideration in the phase space (i.e., they are usually restricted to a small local region about a single equilibrium), or on numerical studies of idealized system models. In this work, recently developed global analysis techniques (e.g., those found in Guckenheimer and Holmes [1986], and Wiggins [1988, 1990]) are used to study transient rolling motions of a small ship which is subjected to a periodic wave excitation. This analysis is based on determining criteria which can predict the qualitative nature of the invariant manifolds which represent the boundary between safe and unsafe initial conditions, and how these depend on system parameters for a specific ship model. Of particular interest is the transition which this boundary makes from regular to fractal, implying a loss in predictability of the ship’s eventual state. In this paper, actual ship data is used in the development of the model and the effects of various ship and wave parameters on this transition are investigated. Finally, lobe dynamics are used to demonstrate how unpredictable capsizing can occur.
Generation of tailored radiofrequency pulses by a simple audiofrequency filter method. II. Analysis

Abstract In an earlier paper, a novel method was presented for obtaining frequency-selective excitation in NMR. In this paper, the pulse shape of the rf pulse is calculated from the transfer function of common low-frequency filters and the response of the magnetization to these pulses is then solved by a numerical solution of the Bloch equations. As an example, the response of the spins to a pulse that is selective within a band of frequencies is calculated and compared with experimental results.
Swimming Upstream against the Fundamental Attribution Error: Subjects' Weak Generalizations from the Darley and Batson Study.

Subjects read about the Darley and Batson findings that (a) the degree to which people were in a hurry strongly influenced the likelihood that they would help a person in need of aid, while (b) several personality variables studied failed to influence helping. In predicting helping rates for other, similar situations, informed subjects (a) estimated only somewhat less helping when the target individual was in a hurry than when he was not, and (b) continued to emphasize personality variables in their predictions about helping.
24 hour cortisol profiles demonstrate exaggerated nocturnal rise in diabetic children

24 hour cortisol profiles demonstrate exaggerated nocturnal rise in diabetic children. To identify altered patterns of cortisol (F) secretion and metabolism in diabetic (D) children, plasma F was measured every 20 min. for 24h in 12 normal (NL) and 11 insulin dependent,non-ketotic D's on a single daily insulin dose.The diurnal pattern of secretion was identical. The mean 24h plasma F was similar in both groups (NL = 5.4±1.6, D=6.6±2.0 μg%; mean ±SD): but significantly elevated in the D's between 5 a.m. and 9:20 a.m., the main secretory period of the day in both groups (NL = 8.1±1.8, D-12.2±3.2 μg%; mean ±SD, p<.001). Peak F averaged 15.5±3.8 in the NL's vs. 19.6±4.1 μg% in the D's (mean ±SD; p<.02). 24h urinary excretion of 170HCS, free cortisol (FF), and 6B-hydroxycortisol (6βOHF) measured in 11 NL's and 19 D's showed increased excretion of FF and 6βOHF, but not of 170HCSs in the D's. These results demonstrate an exaggerated nocturnal rise in plasma F in D children not reflected by increased 170HCS excretion, but evidenced by elevated urinary FF and 6βOHF, more sensitive tests for hypercortisolemia. These abnormalities might be corrected by twice daily insulin therapy to improve nocturnal insulinization. Supported in part by The Gerald Sprayragen Foundation.
Oscillator strengths of the red auto-ionizing lines of calcium.

Shock tube measurement of calcium autoionization line oscillator strength for use in stellar atmospheric model calculations
Cross‐Well Slug Testing in Unconfined Aquifers: A Case Study from the Sleepers River Watershed, Vermont

Normally, slug test measurements are limited to the well in which the water level is perturbed. Consequently, it is often difficult to obtain reliable estimates of hydraulic properties, particularly if the aquifer is anisotropic or if there is a wellbore skin. In this investigation, we use partially penetrating stress and observation wells to evaluate specific storage, radial hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy of the aquifer, and the hydraulic conductivity of the borehole skin. The study site is located in the W9 subbasin of the Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont. At the site, ∼3 m of saturated till are partially penetrated by a stress well located in the center of the unconfined aquifer and six observation wells located above, below, and at the depth of the stress well at radial distances of 1.2 and 2.4 m. The observation wells were shut in with inflatable packers. The semianalytical solution of Butler (1995) was used to conduct a sensitivity analysis and to interpret slug test results. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the response of the stress well is primarily sensitive to radial hydraulic conductivity, less sensitiive to anisotropy and the conductivity of the borehole skin, and nearly insensitive to specific storage. In contrast, the responses of the observation wells are sensitive to all four parameters. Interpretation of the field data was facilitated by generating type curves in a manner analogous to the method of Cooper et al. (1967). Because the value of radial hydraulic conductivty is obtained from a match point, the number of unknowns is reduced to three. The estimated values of radial hydraulic conductivity and specific storage are comparable to those derived from the methods of Bouwer and Rice (1976) and Cooper et al. (1967). The values and skin conductivity, however, could not have been obtained without the use of observation wells.
The infrared spectrum of tertiary butyl fluoride

Abstract The infrared spectrum of tertiary butyl fluoride vapor has been measured over the range 1.7–30 μ. A satisfactory vibrational assignment has been achieved. The a 1 skeletal modes are found at 1262, 750, and 411 cm −1 , and the e vibrations at 1207, 461, and 335 cm −1 .
Value of Hot Oil as a Means of Disinfecting Instruments

La h e y and Mason,1 Loretz,2 Foster, LeMay and Johnstone,8 Parke4 and Harvey, LeMay and Shuttleworth,5 stated that hot oil is superior to other means of disinfecting dental handpieces and delicate metallic instruments, in that it prolongs the efficiency of the instru­ ments. Differences of opinion exist regarding the time required and the temperature at which oil should be maintained for disinfection and sterilization of instru­ ments. Appleton6’7 concluded that ordi­ nary mineral or paraffin oil at 130 C. for five minutes will suffice if only asporogenic bacteria-are considered; but if one wishes to destroy bacterial spores, 185 C. for five minutes, 175 C. for 10 minutes or 165 G. for 15 minutes should be used. Foster, LeMay and Johnstone3 empha­ sized the need for at least 30 minutes at 150 G. for sporicidal effect. Loretz2 has suggested a germicidal oil which is reported to be effective within 15 min­ utes at 100 C. in sterilizing handpieces contaminated with a spore-forming bac­ terium, which resisted oil at 100 G. for 15 minutes. Harvey, LeMay and Shuttleworth5 used two mixtures: (1) AC. 10 (surgi­ cal), consisting of 95 per cent of a light petroleum neutral oil (containing ap­ proximately 64 per cent paraffins, 31 per cent naphthenes, 5 per cent aromatics) and 5 per cent of a complex of metallic petroleum sulphonates of mo­ lecular weights between 400 and 500 and average composition of the order C24H37SO3X-C30H50SO3X, and (2) AG. 10 soda solution, a mixture of 2 Gm. of sodium carbonate decahydrate and 2 cc. of AC. 10 (surgical) in enough water to make 100 cc. The suggested technic was to soak the handpieces in AC. 10 (surgical), boil and allow to dry over­ night, and after each use boil in AC. 10 soda solution. Five minutes’ boiling in AC. 10 soda solution was considered ef­ fective in destroying vegetable cells, but more than 30 minutes was necessary to be absolutely certain of complete de­ struction of spores. In reference to the time required to kill spores, Harvey, Le­ May and Shuttleworth5 state:
Experiences of Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and identify their self-reported support needs. We conducted in-person semi-structured interviews with 12 siblings aged 7 to 15 of children aged 6 to 15 with ASDs. Employing a qualitative collective case study research method, we conducted cross-case analyses to address our research questions. Three major themes emerged: (a) descriptions of the sibling subsystem (b) cohesion between and among the siblings, and (c) adaptability of the participant siblings to having family members with ASDs. Discussion of these findings and recommendations for future research contributes to the existing literature on siblings of children with disabilities.
Coping with inflammatory breast cancer: women's experiences.

The American Cancer Society estimates that 200,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Among these, 1–6% will be diagnosed with a far more aggressive and little studied form, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Because its presenting symptoms are atypical, IBC is often mistaken for mastitis or other conditions, resulting in dangerous delay in accurate diagnosis and treatment. Little is written about coping with IBC. This qualitative study explores stressors and challenges women face in coping with diagnosis, treatment and living with IBC, in order to help providers understand and meet the unique needs of women with this disease.
Building Bridges: How to Increase the Efficacy of Teacher Mentors and Student-Teacher Programs

The cases presented describe two levels of struggle. One level identifies two student teachers (ST) and their mentors failing to meet one another’s expectations. Another level presents school admin...
Synthesis and Characterization of Covalently Interconnected Phosphazene−Silicate Hybrid Network Membranes

A method for the cross-linking of water-soluble polyphosphazenes via a sol−gel condensation is described. Precursor polymers were produced by covalently binding an organosilicon alkoxide to the terminus of pendent oligoethylenoxy chains on poly[bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene]. Subsequent hydrolysis and condensation of these precursors yielded hybrid silicate networks with covalently integrated polyphosphazenes. The hybrid networks showed high water uptake values (up to 1570 wt %). The release of Rose Bengal, Biebrich Scarlet, and FITC−albumin from the phosphazene−silicate matrix was studied over time as a function of network density. These hydrogels are of interest as potential materials for use in membranes or biomaterials.
Unwrapping magnetic resonance phase maps with Chebyshev polynomials

A phase-unwrapping algorithm, based on the method of moments, is introduced in this work. The proposed algorithm expands the phase map in terms of a two-dimensional Chebyshev series. The expansion coefficients are calculated by exploiting the orthogonality of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. The performance of the proposed phase-unwrapping algorithm is tested on a synthetic phase map and experimental phase maps of a uniform phantom, a human brain and a mouse torso, all acquired from 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanners. To impose additional burdens on the algorithm, we introduced magnetic field inhomogeneities to the phantom and human brain data by an external gradient coil. The proposed phase-unwrapping algorithm is found to perform well on the phantom data set in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment and on the synthetic data set. The proposed algorithm is also found to perform well in in vivo data sets of the human brain and mouse torso. Results obtained from the in vivo MR data sets show that the proposed algorithm produced unwrapped phase maps that are nearly identical to those produced by a widely used phase-unwrapping algorithm, PRELUDE 2D in the fMRI Software Library.
Global profiling of protease cleavage sites by chemoselective labeling of protein N-termini

Proteolysis has major roles in diverse biologic processes and regulates the activity, localization, and intracellular levels of proteins. Linking signaling pathways and physiologic processes to specific proteolytic processing events is a major challenge in signal transduction research. Here, we describe N-CLAP (N-terminalomics by chemical labeling of the α-amine of proteins), a general approach for profiling protein N-termini and identifying protein cleavage sites during cellular signaling. In N-CLAP, simple and readily available reagents are used to selectively affinity label the α-amine that characterizes the protein N terminus over the more highly abundant e-amine on lysine residues. Protein cleavage sites are deduced by identifying the corresponding N-CLAP peptides, which are derived from the N-termini of proteins, including the N-termini of the newly formed polypeptide products of proteolytic cleavage. Through selective affinity purification and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 278 N-CLAP peptides, we characterized proteolytic cleavage events associated with methionine aminopeptidases and signal peptide peptidases, as well as proteins that are proteolytically cleaved after cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Many of the protein cleavage sites that are elicited during apoptotic signaling are consistent with caspase-dependent cleavage. These data demonstrate the utility of N-CLAP for proteomic profiling of protein cleavage sites that are generated during cellular signaling.
Evaluating synthetic trace models using locality surfaces

In this paper we analyze several synthetic trace generation models using locality surfaces. The locality surfaces let us discover what elements of the real trace were accurately modeled and what features were not. None of the models examined are very good at retaining the locality of the real trace. We can see from cache simulation results that if the locality surface does not accurately reflect the locality of the real workload, the cache performance statistics will not be accurate either.
Are creative workers happier in Chinese cities? The influence of work, lifestyle, and amenities on urban well-being

This paper examines two propositions in the creative-class debate in the context of China’s large cities. The first evaluates Richard Florida’s contention that creative workers enjoy higher level of well-being and are happier than blue-collar workers. The second investigates the influence of urban amenities, lifestyle, and work on creative workers’ happiness. Both propositions are analyzed in relation to China’s post-Socialist, industrial, and mining cities. Based on data from a household survey, the results indicate that Chinese creative workers are indeed happier in post-Socialist, or service-sector oriented, cities. However, creative work does not explain their happiness. Stable social sites that reinforce authentic experience of urban cultural amenities (e.g. the teahouse rather than modern coffeehouses, bars, and theaters) are a significant factor for creative-class happiness in post-Socialist Chinese cities. However, creative work is more likely to explain creative-class happiness in mining cities. ...
Public Transportation Objectives and Rider Demographics: Are Transit’s Priorities Poor Public Policy?

Strong public and political support for mass transit in the U.S. is based on lofty goals, including congestion reduction, economic development, aesthetics, sustainability, and much more. Yet, as is the case in many areas of public policy, the pursuit of multiple and broad objectives, however worthy, can diffuse efforts and fail to achieve desired results. Moreover, these goals suggest a lack of focus on the needs of transit riders themselves, particularly the poor and transit dependent. We examine this by combining data from the National Household Travel Survey, the National Transit Database, the American Public Transportation Association, and a survey we conducted of 50 U.S. transit operators. First, we find that while rail transit riders in the aggregate are approximately as wealthy as private vehicle travelers, bus patrons have far lower incomes, and this disparity is growing over time. Second, few transit agencies publicly identify serving the poor or minorities as a goal, instead focusing on objectives that appeal to more affluent riders and voters as a whole. Finally, in recent decades transit spending priorities have been slanted away from bus service and towards commuter-oriented rail services favored by the wealthier general voting public, although most members of this group rarely if ever ride transit. We contend that efforts to secure popular support for transit subsidies stifle agencies’ ability to acknowledge transit’s critical social service function and serve the needs of its core demographic. While such strategies make sense politically, underserving the poor may be poor public policy.
A ristotle and Nonreferring Subjects

It is a widely accepted view amongst scholars that Aristotle believed that the subject of an assertion might fail to refer. Two texts, De Interpretatione xi 21 a 25-28 and Categories x 13 b 12-35, are generally cited as evidence for this belief. In this paper I will argue that both passages have previously been misunderstood and that Aristotle did not accept the possible referential failure of the subject of an assertion. In Section I, after first discussing the standard interpretations of both texts, I note the difficulties which result from these accounts. In Section II I offer a brief general argument showing that Aristotle's own account of what an assertion is implies that it is impossible for the subject of an assertion to fail to refer. In Section III I present my own analysis of each passage and show that when properly understood neither is in any way concerned with the problem of referential failure.
Automatic parameterization of rational curves and surfaces III: algebraic plane curves

Abstract We present algorithms to compute the genus and rational parametric equations, for implicitly defined irreducible plane algebraic curves of arbitrary degree. Rational parameterizations exist for all irreducible algebraic curves of genus 0. The genus is computed by a complete analysis of the singularities of plane algebraic curves, using affine quadratic transformations. The rational parameterization techniques, essentially, reduce to solving symbolically systems of homogeneous linear equations and the computation of polynomial resultants.
The motor cortex and the coding of force.

The relation of cellular activity in the motor cortex to the direction of two-dimensionalisometric force was investigated under dynamic conditions in monkeys. A task was designedso that three force variables were dissociated:the force exerted by the subject, thenet force, and the change in force. Recordings of neuronal activity in the motor cortexrevealed that the activity of single cells was directionally tuned and that this tuning wasinvariant across different directions of a bias force. Cell activity was not related to thedirection of force exerted by the subject, which changed drastically as the bias forcechanged. In contrast, the direction of net force, the direction of force change, and thevisually instructed direction all remained quite invariant and congruent and could be thedirectional variables, alone or in combination, to which cell activity might relate.
Characterization of a respiratory-deficient mutant of Pachysolen tannophilus

A pleiotropic, respiration-deficient mutant was isolated from the petite negative yeast Pachysolen tannophilus after UV mutagenesis. The mutant is unable to utilize xylose, arabinose, galactose or glycerol, and shows no detectable respiration when grown on glucose. Cytochrome c oxidase, xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities are lacking. Mitochondrial ultrastructre is altered. The results support the hypothesis that functioning mitochondria are necessary for xylose utilization in this organism.