cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of ventricular tachycardia arising from the inflow region of the right ventricle.

Abstract Introduction Ventricular tachycardia (VT) arising from the right ventricular inflow (RVI) region is uncommon. There is minimal literature on the clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics of RVI VT. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with RVI VT who underwent electrophysiology study between 2006 and 2011 was performed. Patients with structural heart disease (including arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia) were excluded. Results Seventy patients underwent an electrophysiology study for VT arising from the right ventricle during the study period. Nine patients (13%) met the inclusion criteria for RVI VT and were the subject of this analysis. The median age was 46 years (range, 14-71), and VT cycle length was 295 milliseconds (range, 279-400 milliseconds). All VTs had an left bundle-branch block morphology. An inferiorly directed QRS axis was noted in 7 (78%) of 9 patients and a left superior axis in 2 (22%) of 9 patients. A QS or rS pattern was noted in all patients in aVR and V 1 . A transition from S to R wave occurred in V 3 to V 5 in all patients, with 78% of the patients transitioning in V 4 or V 5 . Ablation was attempted in 8 (89%) of 9 patients and was successful in 6 (67%) of 9 patients. Ablation was limited in all unsuccessful patients due to the proximity to the His and risk of complete heart block. Conclusions Electrocardiographic findings of a left bundle-branch block with a normal QRS axis, QS or rS patterns in aVR and V 1 , and late S to R transition (V 4 /V 5 ) are commonly found in RVI VT. Because of the proximity to the His, ablation of RVI VT may be more challenging than that of right ventricular outflow tract VT.
Design and evaluation of a next generation residential energy management system

This paper introduces the concept, development, and evaluation of the next generation in demand side energy management. An integrated hardware/software 2 kW prototype has been designed, built, and currently undergoing testing. The Smart Green Power Node (SGPN) features a modular architecture such that it can be customized for user-specific applications. Additionally, the SGPN incorporates necessary data such as weather for projected PV generation, user input, hardware status and load profile information, as well as a TOU pricing schedule as inputs to a novel system control algorithm. Compared to commercial energy management systems that exist, this system effectively eliminates the need for human interaction by processing the described data and intelligently controlling the charging/discharging of onsite resources in conjunction with the electric grid to yield economic savings for the home owner as well as the utility.
Harvesting with SONAR: the value of aggregating social network information

Web 2.0 gives people a substantial role in content and metadata creation. New interpersonal connections are formed and existing connections become evident through Web 2.0 services. This newly created social network (SN) spans across multiple services and aggregating it could bring great value. In this work we present SONAR, an API for gathering and sharing SN information. We give a detailed description of SONAR, demonstrate its potential value through user scenarios, and show results from experiments we conducted with a SONAR-based social networking application. These suggest that aggregating SN information across diverse data sources enriches the SN picture and makes it more complete and useful for the end user.
PARENT-CHILD ROLE REVERSAL: DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURE AND TEST OF AN ATTACHMENT THEORY MODEL

Abstract The purposes of this study were to develop a measure of parent-child role reversal that could be used to explore the family context and to investigate the differential predictors and consequences of father-child and mother-child role reversal for sons and daughters. From the responses of a sample of 832 college students, a reliable and valid 42-item retrospective measure of parent-child role reversal (Relationship with Parents Scale) was developed. Father-son role reversal was associated with father's alcohol abuse, father-daughter role reversal with daughter's sexual abuse history and father's mental illness, and mother-daughter role reversal with marital conflict and daughter's sexual abuse history. Consistent with Liotti's (1992) attachment theory model of dissociation, mother-child (but not father-child) role reversal predicted dissociation and unresolved/fearful attachment for both males and females. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
The evolving optical frequency comb [Invited]

In the past decade we have witnessed remarkable advances associated with the frequency stabilization of the comb present in the output of a mode-locked femtosecond laser. While proving itself to be fantastically successful in its role as the “gears” of optical atomic clocks, the optical frequency comb has further evolved into a valuable tool for a wide range of applications, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, frequency synthesis, optical and microwave waveform generation, astronomical spectrograph calibration, and attosecond pulse generation, to name a few. In this review, I will trace several of these developments while attempting to offer perspective on the challenges and opportunities for frequency combs that might lie ahead in the next decade.
A Complete Finite-Element Analysis of Multilayer Anisotropic Transmission Lines From DC to Terahertz Frequencies

A complete and efficient transmission line simulation framework and the techniques involved are reported in this paper. A highly efficient finite-element quasi-TEM technique with comparable full-wave accuracy is applied as our fundamental simulation method. The fast quasi-TEM analysis is first performed over the entire frequency band with a self-estimation of solution accuracy. Then, depending on the requirement of accuracy, a switch frequency can be determined and a full-wave modal solver is automatically initiated to solve the problem up to the high frequency end. In addition, we apply improved model-order reduction methods in both the quasi-TEM and full-wave analyses to further speed up a simulation. Thus, the quasi-TEM and full-wave techniques as well as their associated model-order reduction methods are integrated to provide an efficient and accurate simulation from dc to very high frequencies. As for the versatility of the solver, the material loss, anisotropism, and frequency dependence are all taken into account in our formulations in order to provide a more complete field-based transmission line modeling.
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Cysticapnos vesicaria, a zygomorphic-flowered Papaveraceae (Ranunculales, basal eudicots)

† Background and Aims Studies of evolutionary diversification in the basal eudicot family Papaveraceae, such as the transition from actinomorphy to zygomorphy, are hampered by the lack of comparative functional studies. So far, gene silencing methods are only available in the actinomorphic species Eschscholzia californica and Papaver somniferum. This study addresses the amenability of Cysticapnos vesicaria, a derived fumitory with zygomorphic flowers, to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and describes vegetative and reproductive traits in this species. † Methods VIGS-mediated downregulation of the C. vesicaria PHYTOENE DESATURASE gene (CvPDS) and of the FLORICAULA gene CvFLO was carried out using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vectors. Wild-type and vector-treated plants were characterized using reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐ PCR), in situ hybridization, and macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic imaging. † Key Results Cysticapnos vesicaria germinates rapidly, can be grown at high density, has a short life cycle and is self-compatible. Inoculation of C. vesicaria with a CvPDS-VIGS vector resulted in strong photobleaching of green parts and reduction of endogenous CvPDS transcript levels. Gene silencing persisted during inflorescence development until fruit set. Inoculation of plants with CvFLO-VIGS affected floral phyllotaxis, symmetry and floral organ identities. † Conclusions The high penetrance, severity and stability of pTRV-mediated silencing, including the induction of meristem-related phenotypes, make C. vesicaria a very promising new focus species for evolutionary‐ developmental (evo‐devo) studies in the Papaveraceae. This now enables comparative studies of flower symmetry, inflorescence determinacy and other traits that diversified in the Papaveraceae.
A formal framework and evaluation method for network denial of service

Denial of service is becoming a growing concern. As our systems communicate more and more with others that we know less and less, they become increasingly vulnerable to hostile intruders who may take advantage of the very protocols intended for the establishment and authentication of communication to tie up our resources and disable our servers. Since these attacks occur before parties are authenticated to each other we cannot rely upon enforcement of the appropriate access control policy to protect us. Instead we must build our defenses, as much as possible, into the protocols themselves. This paper shows how some principles that have already been used to make protocols more resistant to denial of service can be formalized, and indicates the ways in which existing cryptographic protocol analysis tools could be modified to operate within this formal framework.
Micro Foundation of Organizational Learning: Group Learning

Cisco Systems, Inc. successfully acquired many software firms with 50–100 employees (Wysocki, 1997). Cisco paid a premium for the firms—on the order of two million dollars per employee. Why is Cisco paying so much for these firms? According to Wysocki
Charity as Purchase: Buying Self-Approval in Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener”

Nancy D. Goldfarb, “Charity as Purchase: Buying Self-Approval in Melville’s ‘Bartleby, the Scrivener’” (pp. 233–261) This essay examines Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener” (1853) in light of recent scholarship in philanthropic studies. Through the lawyer-narrator, Melville’s story discreetly challenges the representation of charity as a viable means of redistributing wealth and restoring balance to an unequal social structure. The narrator masterfully employs the rhetoric of charity to negotiate his role in Bartleby’s tragic outcome, generating a self-promoting narrative that deflects potential criticism. His charitable acts toward Bartleby do not fulfill Kenneth Boulding’s criterion for philanthropy as a “one-way transfer”; rather, they constitute an exchange. In return for his financial gifts, the lawyer assuages his guilt and cheaply purchases “a delicious self-approval.” The story demonstrates the extent to which the profit-oriented culture represented by Wall Street is antithetical to a sense of obligation for others. By neglecting his civic responsibility and excessively valuing money, the narrator finds himself incapable of a spiritual connection with Bartleby and, despairing of his ability to assist his employee, instead offers him charity. Once the lawyer begins to perceive Bartleby as useful, the potential of charity to express human fellowship transforms into a means to profit. “Bartleby” demonstrates how in late capitalism the needy cease to be seen as individual human beings and subjects of their own lives. Rather, they are seen as an occasion for a purchase, an opportunity to achieve one’s objectives by means of what are now tax-deductible donations.
Mapping with depth panoramas

This work demonstrates the use of depth panoramas in the construction of detailed 3D models of extended environments. The paper describes an approach to the acquisition of such panoramic images using a robotic platform that collects sequences of depth images with a commodity depth sensor. These sequences are stitched into panoramic images that efficiently capture scene information while reducing noise in the captured imagery. Scene structure is extracted from the panoramas and used to register a collection of panoramas to obtain coverage of extended areas. The presented approach maintains fine geometry detail in 3D reconstructions, uses a modest amount of memory, and enjoys excellent scaling characteristics across large environments.
Modeling protein turnover: a module for teaching modeling.

The tendency for science is to reduce large questions or systems into smaller postulates which can be examined through experimentation. But in order to understand how the system works, the experimenter must be able to take bits of information from experiments and piece them back together to define the system. A model can provide the framework to describe the system, to determine what questions to ask, which information is needed, and if the new knowledge improves the understanding or prediction of how the system functions. A simple model of protein turnover by Waterlow et al. (1978) is used in this chapter to illustrate the modeling process.
Comparison of the toxicity of naphthalene and naphthalene-1,2-dihydrodiol (DIOL).

Naphthalene metabolism and toxicity have been extensively investigated and these data indicate that the lung and eye toxicity are mediated by reactive intermediates. The elegant studies conducted in Buckpitt’s laboratory implicate a 1,2-epoxide as one reactive intermediate which is extensively conjugated with glutathione (Buckpitt et al., 1987). Data from this laboratory also suggest that the liver may form a precursor metabolite or reactive metabolite which is transported to the lung (Buckpitt and Warren, 1983). Studies of the ocular effects of naphthalene suggest that the well known liver metabolite, naphthalene-1,2-ihydrodiol (DIOL), may be transported to the eye where it is oxidized to the catechol metabolite, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (VanHeyningen and Pirie, 1967). The catechol is easily oxidized non-enzymatically presumably to potentially reactive quinones and semiquinones. A more recent report also suggests the involvement of quinones in the ocular toxicity of naphthalene (Wells et al., 1989) and an in vitro study indicates that multiple quinone-derived metabolites are formed from D1OL when its oxidation is catalyzed by hepatic dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (Smithgall et al., 1988). Naphthalene is extensively metabolized and at least two epoxides as well as the the catechol/quinone metabolites are potentially reactive, toxic metabolites (Horning et al., 1980).
The Cleansing Effect of Offshore Outsourcing in an Analysis of Employment

Despite the public concern regarding the destructive employment effect of offshore outsourcing, empirical studies of U.S. multinationals find that the effect is ambiguous. This paper presents theoretical and numerical analyses of labor market implications of offshore outsourcing. I construct a partial equilibrium model of outsourcing with heterogeneous firms. Heterogeneity in productivities generates different firm-level responses to outsourcing: the most productive firms outsource, the least productive firms are forced to exit (Cleansing Effect), and the firms with intermediate productivity level continue operating as home-producers. The theory generates a strong prediction that offshore outsourcing unambiguously reduces aggregate employment at home. The numerical analysis, with calibration to U.S. manufacturing sector, shows that the strong negativity of the employment effect stems from the cleansing effect. It also shows that the net effect within outsourcing firms is ambiguous due to a sizeable job creation. By decomposing net employment loss into job destruction and creation, this paper finds that the net employment change can be less than half of the gross employment change, and that the layoffs by outsourcers account for the majority of total job destruction. These findings suggest that the previous empirical studies, of outsourcing firms alone, understate the negative impact of offshore outsourcing on employment.
Chester, S. 2008. A Wildlife Guide to Chile, Continental Chile, Chilean Antarctica, Easter Island, Juan Fernández Archipelago. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, and Oxford, United Kingdom, viii + 392 pp. ISBN 978-0-691-12976-1, price (paper), $19.95

S. Chester 2008. A Wildlife Guide to Chile, Continental Chile, Chilean Antarctica, Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, and Oxford, United Kingdom, viii + 392 pp. ISBN 978-0-691-12976-1, price (paper), $19.95. For 13 years, Sharon Chester served as a natural history lecturer on expedition cruise ships to Chile and the Antarctic. These experiences, and the questions posed by cruise passengers, prompted her to develop a “field guide” that would provide the educated layperson (and dare I say many academics as well) with a treatment of the avian and mammal fauna of Chile. This was quickly broadened to include Chilean geography and plants, and subsequently butterflies and herpetiles as well. The result of her efforts is the only volume available that covers such an array of material for this country. Spanning almost 40° latitude plus a wedge of Antarctica, and ranging from sea level to nearly 7,000 m elevation, Chile boasts a diverse array of environments and habitats, with concomitant diversity in its flora and fauna. In spite of a wealth of material to include in a compact and handy field guide, Chester has produced a delightful guide for ecotourists and field biologists alike. This book includes 9 core chapters that address Chile and Her Sovereignties (20 pp.), Marine Resources (11 pp.), Floristic Zones (41 pp.), Botanical Descriptions (17 pp.), Butterflies and Moths (16 pp.), Reptiles and Amphibians (20 pp.), Birds (165 pp.), Mammals (58 pp.), and Where to See Wildlife (26 pp.). These core chapters are followed by a brief glossary, a 1-page Spanish–English dictionary, bibliography, separate indices to scientific and common names, and a “quick index” to color illustrations and maps. The chapter on marine resources will provide the landlubber with perhaps his or her 1st view of typical Chilean seafood, but also a brief guide to denizens of Chile's extensive intertidal regions. Coverage of vegetation and plant species is appropriately superficial but this is neither a detriment nor is it unexpected; this book is intended as a …
Interventions for Childhood Obesity in the First 1,000 Days A Systematic Review.

Context The "first 1,000 days"—conception through age 24 months—are critical for the development and prevention of childhood obesity. This study systematically reviews existing and ongoing interventions during this period, identifies gaps in current research, and discusses conceptual frameworks and opportunities for future interventions. Evidence acquisition PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify completed and ongoing interventions implemented during pregnancy through age 24 months that aimed to prevent overweight/obesity between ages 6 months and 18 years. English-language, controlled interventions published between January 1, 1980 and December 12, 2014, were analyzed between December 13, 2014 and March 15, 2015. Evidence synthesis Of 34 completed studies from 26 unique identified interventions, nine were effective. Effective interventions focused on individual- or family-level behavior changes through home visits, individual counseling or group sessions in clinical settings, a combination of home and group visits in a community setting, and using hydrolyzed protein formula. Protein-enriched formula increased childhood obesity risk. Forty-seven ongoing interventions were identified. Across completed and ongoing interventions, the majority target individual- or family-level changes, many are conducted in clinical settings, and few target early-life systems and policies that may impact childhood obesity. Conclusions Obesity interventions may have the greatest preventive effect if begun early in life. Yet, few effective interventions in the first 1,000 days exist, and many target individual-level behaviors of parents and infants. Interventions that operate at systems levels and are grounded in salient conceptual frameworks hold promise for improving future models of early-life obesity prevention.
Serendipity and the Search for Short N---I Halogen Bonds

The X-ray structure of the complex formed between N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and 1,2-bis(iodoethynyl)benzene is reported. The N---I halogen bond lengths are 2.654 and 2.662 A, approximately 75% of the sum of the van der Waals radii. On the basis of literature precedent and electrostatic potential calculations, a series of fluorosubstituted iodophenylacetylenes were prepared and individually complexed with dimethylaminopyridine in a search for shorter halogen bonds. A N---I halogen bond distance of 2.680 A was observed in the DMAP complex with 3,5-difluoro(iodoethynyl)benzene, and halogen bond distances of 2.622, 2.676, 2.700, and 2.705 A were observed in the complex of 4-fluoro(iodoethynyl)benzene with DMAP. These N---I bond distances range from 74.3 to 76.6% of the sum of the van der Waals radii.
Palpable Breast Mass

Palpable breast masses are very common and tend to be benign. However, it is important to thoroughly examine the patient and decide what diagnostic testing is necessary to rule out malignancy. The likelihood of a mass being malignant depends on the patient’s age, history, risk factors, appearance on examination, and imaging characteristics. The advantages and limitations of imaging modalities (mammograms, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) must be appreciated before implementing them into practice. Mammography, for example, is very useful in women over 40 years but can be difficult to interpret in younger women secondary to the density of their breasts. Conversely, MRI is highly sensitive in the detection of lesions in the breast and as such can lead to a high false-positive rate, thereby subjecting women to potentially unnecessary surgery.
A polymorphism in the oxygen-responsive repressor PpsR2 confers a growth advantage to Rhodopseudomonas palustris under low light

The purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris grows aerobically using oxidative phosphorylation or anaerobically using photophosphorylation. The oxygen-responsive transcription regulator, PpsR2, regulates the transition to a phototrophic lifestyle by repressing transcription of photosynthesis genes during aerobic growth. Whereas most R. palustris strains have an arginine (Arg) at position 439 in the helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain of this protein, some strains, including the well-studied strain CGA009, have a cysteine (Cys) at this position. Using allelic exchange, we found that the Cys439 in PpsR2 resulted in increased pigmentation and photosynthetic gene expression under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The Cys439 substitution also conferred a growth advantage to R. palustris at low light intensities. This indicates that variation in the PpsR2 protein results in R. palustris strains that have two different thresholds for derepressing photosynthesis genes in response to oxygen and light.
Breast Cancer in Young Women (Premenopausal Breast Cancer)

Breast cancer in women of childbearing age (premenopausal breast cancer) accounts for almost one-quarter of all breast cancer diagnoses in the United States. Advances in diagnosis and treatment have led to improved outcomes in this population that echo those in the postmenopausal population. Despite these advances, premenopausal women with breast cancer still show a significantly worse prognosis than their postmenopausal counterparts. Differences in presentation, tumor phenotype, and options for therapy may explain some of the difference in outcome. However, research is underway to identify the inherent differences that lead to differential outcomes.
Acquirement of Rituximab Resistance in Lymphoma Cell Lines Is Associated with Structural Changes in the Internal Domain of CD20 Regulated at the Post-Transcriptional Level.

The acquirement of resistance to rituximab has been observed in lymphoma patients. To further define the molecular basis for rituximab-resistance we have developed various rituximab-resistant cell lines (RRCL) and studied changes in CD20 structure at the protein and gene level, membrane reorganization, and signaling events following rituximab exposure. RRCL were generated by chronic exposure of Raji cells to escalating doses of rituximab alone (2R) or concurrently with human complement (4RH). Functional assays were performed to demonstrate decrease in rituximab-associated CMC and ADCC. Changes in the structure of CD20 were determined by Western blotting using various antibodies recognizing epitopes located in the internal (GST77 and 1439) and external domain (B1) of CD20. Sequencing of the CD20 gene from Raji parental and RRCL was performed to determine differences. Following rituximab treatment, lipid raft domains were extracted from Raji and RRCL to determine changes in polarization. Redistribution of CD20 antigen were evaluated by Western blotting. No significant changes were observed in the expression of the external domain of CD20 antigen between rituximab-sensitive and RRCL as demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis and Western blotting. However, significant changes in the internal domain of CD20 were observed in RRCL. Specifically, changes in the N-terminal, and to a lesser degree the C-terminal region of the internal domain of CD20 were observed in RRCL. The CD20 gene sequence was found to be identical between Raji cells and RRCL, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism is responsible for the changes in the structure of CD20. Redistribution of CD20 into the lipid raft domains was more evident in Raji parental cells when compared to RRCL, and a decrease in p38 activation was observed following exposure of RRCL to rituximab. In conclusion, our data strongly suggests that the acquirement of rituximab-resistance is associated with significant changes in the structure of the internal domain of the CD20 antigen. The abnormal production of truncated forms of the CD20 antigen, while not affecting external rituximab binding resulted in changes in the redistribution of CD20 antigen into lipid raft domains and a decrease in signaling events. Post-transcriptional events leading to the acquirement of truncated forms of CD20 may impair signaling activation, thus contributing to rituximab-resistance seen in RRCL.
Analysis of Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from Ethylbenzene by an FeVO(TAML) Complex

It was shown previously (Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 1803) that the rate of hydrogen atom abstraction, k, from ethylbenzene (EB) by TAML complex [FeV(O)B*]− (1) in acetonitrile exhibits a large kinetic isotope effect (KIE ∼ 26) in the experimental range 233–243 K. The extrapolated tangents of ln(k/T) vs T–1 plots for EB-d10 and EB gave a large, negative intercept difference, Int(EB) – Int(EB-d10) = −34.5 J mol–1 K–1 for T–1 → 0, which is shown to be exclusively due to an isotopic mass effect on tunneling. A decomposition of the apparent activation barrier in terms of electronic, ZPE, thermal enthalpic, tunneling, and entropic contributions is presented. Tunneling corrections to ΔH⧧ and ΔS⧧ are estimated to be large. The DFT prediction, using functional B3LYP and basis set 6-311G, for the electronic contribution is significantly smaller than suggested by experiment. However, the agreement improves after correction for the basis set superposition error in the interaction between EB and 1. The kinetic model empl...
Effects of Virtual Reality Training With Trunk Support Trainer (TruST) on Postural Kinematics

Improving functional motor deficits in patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders has been a primary objective of rehabilitation. Task-oriented training in physical environments is a leading approach for rehab training utilizing tasks that are challenging, adaptable, and meaningful. Although different training paradigms can be utilized in a laboratory setting, they often require expensive training equipment and personnel, limiting the number of training sessions. Creating an effective virtual reality (VR) training environment can greatly increase the repetition, cognitive engagement, and training variability. Specifically, dynamic trunk control is required for the successful completion of everyday tasks. These tasks require coordination between the head, upper and lower trunk, and the pelvis. We have developed a novel robotic device, trunk support trainer (TruST) and a VR gaming environment, which allows training in a seated posture at and beyond an individual's point of stability failure using an assist-as-needed force tunnel strategy. The VR environment consists of challenging reaching tasks where the subject's dominant hand is used to manipulate a VR drone. We conducted a study that involved three groups: ten adult subjects trained using VR, ten adult subjects trained in a physical environment (PR), and ten without TruST assistance (control group) to investigate the changes in trunk kinematics. Our study supports the hypothesis that a single training session with TruST in both VR and PR can increase lower trunk range of motion. This approach may be useful for creating training variability and translating therapy in home settings.
Helpfulness, Trust, and Safety of Neighborhoods: Social Capital, Household Income, and Self-Reported Health of Older Adults

Background and Objectives Growing literature documents that where you live has an impact on your health, due in part to social capital. Building on social capital literature, we assess how subjective appraisals of neighborhood quality are associated with self-reported health (SRH) for older adults. Research Design and Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 California Health Interview Survey, a representative survey of diverse, noninstitutionalized California residents. We use three measures of neighborhood quality: trustworthy neighbors, helpful neighbors, and feeling safe. Using weighted ordinary least squares regression, we assess the associations of trust, helpfulness, and safety to SRH, controlling for neighborhood, demographic, and health care variables. We then examine how these associations vary by household income. Results We find that characterizing neighbors as helpful and feeling safe are associated with better SRH, even controlling for community, demographic, and health care variables. However, the importance of these dimensions varies across household income: helpfulness is positively associated, whereas trust is negatively associated with SRH for lower income residents; safety is positively associated with SRH in all but the lowest income residents. These findings show that social capital dimensions work differently from one another, and differentially affect the health of older adults. Discussion and Implications Scholarly analyses of neighborhood effects should include a range of social capital measures and stratify by household income. Our findings may also inform priority setting for social capital programs, especially for older adults with limited economic resources. Policies and programs should consider actions that raise perceptions of helpfulness and safety.
Estimating demand for illicit massage businesses in Houston, Texas

ABSTRACTIllicit massage businesses are growing in number across the United States, yet they remain an understudied niche of the underground commercial sex economy despite implications for public health and criminal justice. This research fills an empirical gap in our understanding of illicit massage businesses by estimating actual demand for these businesses in one U.S. city, Houston, TX. We find that there are roughly 2,869 customers per day at illicit massage business in Houston, and that this yields total annual gross revenues of $107 million.
Recent advances in heart failure.

Purpose of reviewAcute heart failure continues to be a challenge as there is limited benefit of numerous agents that have been tested. Cardiac resynchronization therapy remains standard of care, yet timing and need for implantable cardiac defibrillator has been brought into question with the recent
Influence of Siblings on Child Health Behaviors and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Family structure plays an important role in childhood obesity but the association between having siblings and childhood obesity is not well established. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between sibling factors and child health behaviors and child obesity. CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched to identify relevant publications between 2000 and 2016. Of 141 identified studies, 22 peer-reviewed, primary research reports satisfied inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Findings indicated that children without siblings are more likely to be overweight or obese. Having fewer siblings was associated with decreased physical activity, inadequate sleep, and unhealthy dietary habits. The relationship between the number of siblings and childhood obesity persisted over time. All but two studies reported an association between birth order and childhood obesity. Youngest siblings were at a higher risk of becoming overweight or obese than their older siblings. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of sibling factors in the development of childhood obesity. Further studies are needed to understand the dynamics underlying the effect of siblings on child’s health-related behaviors in order to develop effective childhood obesity prevention programs. Healthcare professionals should focus on family structure and at-risk children when intervening to prevent childhood obesity.
Shape matters: Cr(VI) removal using iron nanoparticle impregnated 1-D vs 2-D carbon nanohybrids prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) are used for treating water contaminated with metals or organic compounds. One-dimensional (1-D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional (2-D) graphenes act as useful nanocarbon (NC) supports for Fe NPs by resisting aggregation and enhancing adsorption and redox activity. However, no study showed how shape difference between tubular CNT and planar graphene structures dictates the physicochemical properties and pollutant removal potential of their iron-based nanohybrids. In this work, ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was used to continuously prepare Fe-CNT and Fe-rGO nanohybrids. Both NC shape and Fe/NC ratio influenced Fe NP size, loading, and oxidation states. High Fe content (precursor Fe/NC mass ratio = 2) resulted Fe NPs with diameters of 30.97 ± 7.00 and 24.11 ± 4.42 nm for Fe-CNT and Fe-rGO, respectively; however, low Fe content (Fe/NC = 0.2) provided more uniformly dispersed Fe NPs of 15.65 ± 3.06 and 9.67 ± 1.49 nm, respectively, while unsupported Fe NPs were 285.71 ± 132.42 nm. The USP-derived nanohybrids, for the first time, were used for removal of pollutant, i.e., chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous media. Both CNT and rGO provided synergistic effects to significantly enhance Fe NPs’ ability to remove Cr(VI); the effect was more pronounced in Fe-rGO than Fe-CNT and also for low Fe content in both cases. Fe-rGO with low Fe/NC ratio and smallest Fe NPs provided the highest Cr(VI) removal capacity (25 mg/g), which was a multifold improvement over bare Fe NPs and other synthesized nanohybrids (range 7–14 mg/g). Overall, 2-D rGO improved contaminant removal capacity of the nanohybrids more than 1-D CNT indicating towards shape effect of NC supports.
In vitro feasibility of next generation non-linear beamforming ultrasound methods to characterize and size kidney stones

Ultrasound imaging for kidney stones suffers from poorer sensitivity, diminished specificity, and overestimation of stone size compared to computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate in vitro feasibility of novel ultrasound imaging methods comparing traditional B-mode to advanced beamforming techniques including plane wave synthetic focusing (PWSF), short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging, mid-lag spatial coherence (MLSC) imaging with incoherent compounding, and aperture domain model image reconstruction (ADMIRE). The ultrasound techniques were evaluated using a research-based ultrasound system applied to an in vitro kidney stone model at 4 and 8 cm depths. Stone diameter sizing and stone contrast were compared among the different techniques. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences among group means, with p 1 mm (1.2 ± 1.1 mm), while those for PWSF, ADMIRE, and MLSC were < 1 mm (− 0.3 ± 2.9 mm, 0.6 ± 0.8, 0.8 ± 0.8, respectively). Subjectively, MLSC appeared to suppress the entire background thus highlighting only the stone. The ADMIRE and SLSC techniques appeared to highlight the stone shadow relative to the background. The detection and sizing of stones in vitro are feasible with advanced beamforming methods with ultrasound. Future work will include imaging stones at greater depths and evaluating the performance of these methods in human stone formers.
Separation of 90Y from 90Sr by solvent extraction with ionizable crown ethers

sym-Dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid and its analogues are selective for the extraction of Y[sup 3+] over Sr[sup 2+] from aqueous solutions into chloroform. The selectivity and the pH range of extraction are influenced by the structure of the ligand. The size of the macrocyclic cavity, the tether length of the lariat, the attachment of alkyl functional groups to the lariat, and the identity of the ionizable group can affect selectivity and extraction efficiency. When the carboxylic acid at the terminal end of the lariat is replaced by a hydroxamic acid, the selectivity for Y[sup 3+] over Sr[sup 2+] is significantly increased. Using these ionizable crown ethers as extractants, [sup 90]Y fractions of greater than 99.9% purity can be obtained in a single solvent extraction step from solutions of [sup 90]Sr. 11 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
The GOP Approach in Phase and Chemical Equilibrium Problems

This chapter introduces the reader to the global optimization of phase and chemical reaction equilibrium problems through the GOP algorithm studied by McDonald and Floudas (1994), (1995a), and (1995b). Two main classes of phase and chemical equilibrium problems are addressed: (a) the minimization of the Gibbs free energy and (b) the tangent plane stability criterion. Section 6.1 presents the formulation of minimization of the Gibbs free energy problem. Section 6.2 introduces the theoretical analysis for the application of the GOP approach using the NRTL activity coefficient model. Section 6.3 presents an illustrative example and a difficult phase equilibrium problem. Section 6.4 introduces the reader to the tangent plane stability problem and its mathematical formulation. Section 6.5 discusses the theoretical developments for applying the GOP to the tangent plane stability criterion, and finally section 6.6 presents an illustrative example.
Periodizität epileptischer Erscheinungen und physiologische Zeitstruktur

Es wird uber elektroencephalographische Untersuchungen berichtet, die an Epileptikern mit periodischen Anfallen angestellt wurden. Die Anfallsprofile dieser Kranken waren seit vielen Jahren bekannt. Die elektroencephalographischen Tagesprofile wurden auf folgende Weise gewonnen: Wahrend einer oder mehrerer 24-Std-Perioden wurde alle 90 min ein EEG aufgenommen, insgesamt 16 in einer 24-Std-Periode, jedesmal wahrend einer Zeitspanne von 4 bis 6 min. Ausschnitte epileptischer Hirnstromkurven sind in Abb. 1 dargestellt. Bei der Auswertung kamen zwei Moglichkeiten in Betracht, je nach dem Charakter der Abnormalitat. Entweder wurde die Zahl der Spikes oder epileptischen Wellenformen gezahlt, oder der prozentuale Anteil paroxysmaler Stromausbruche wurde zeitlich gemessen. Die letztere Methode wurde gewahlt, wenn die einzelnen Spikes nicht aus dem Gesamtbild des Paroxysmus zu identifizieren waren, die epileptogenen Stromstose sich jedoch sehr wohl vom Ruhestrombild abhoben. Alle Daten wurden in relativen Werten ausgedruckt als Prozente des Tagesdurchschnittswertes.
Influence of Natural Wear Progression on Shoe Floor Traction – A Pilot Study:

Slips and falls in the workplace are a major concern for injuries. Worn shoes are a known risk factor for slips and falls. The purpose of this pilot study was to analyze changes in shoe traction pe...
Technology Adoption Potential of Medical Devices: The Case of Wearable Sensor Products for Pervasive Care in Neurosurgery and Orthopedics

Abstract Objectives This research focuses on assessing the potential technology adoption of medical devices particular to tracking the mobility of neurosurgery and orthopedics patients. Wearable medical devices that track the mobility of patients after spinal procedures could help surgeons to provide post-operative care, analysis of treatment outcomes, and patient mobility. Methods The assessment of medical devices by physicians is a complex process associated with various criteria and sub criteria. The hierarchical decision model (HDM) is used to break down the problem into hierarchical levels, and alternatives are calculated by using pairwise comparison scales and the judgment quantification technique. Inconsistencies, disagreement, sensitivity, and scenario analysis are performed as well. HDM research software is created by Ruby and R Studio. Results Patient perspective dominates in the main criteria for technology adoption potential of wearable devices for pervasive care in neurosurgery and orthopedics, followed by technical and financial criteria. The Valedo – wearable device, which aims to relieve back pain through exercises, motivation, and mobility tracking, received the highest ranking for adoption potential, while other devices also received high relative scores. Conclusions The framework could serve as a supplementary technology assessment tool, and could be tested in other settings: private clinics, small clinics etc. by taking into account the experts and special needs of the physicians in particular healthcare departments.
Intestinal failure-associated liver disease: Causes, manifestations and therapies

Purpose of reviewThe goal of this review is to provide updates on the causes, manifestations and therapies IFALD in adults with an emphasis on recent discoveries on pathways of pathogenesis and interventions to reduce the incidence of IFALD.Recent findingsIFALD is a multifactorial complication of lo
Treatment of Advanced Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the Mandible (Resection/Disarticulation and Staged Reconstruction), a Protocol and Rationale

For many reasons, reconstruction of the defect resulting from resection of mandibular ORN is not analogous to reconstructing a defect resulting from tumor ablation or trauma. Patients with mandibular ORN tend to have chronically exposed, infected bone in a bed of densely fibrotic, hypoxic, hypovascular, and hypocellular tissue. These tissue characteristics are much more harsh than those found after a primary tumor resection. Further, reconstruction after tumor ablation is more amenable to a combined one-stage procedure including the ablation with immediate reconstruction, typically using a microvascular free flap, because the host tissue is of better quality and often both hard and soft tissues are needed to correct the defect and close any intraoral communication. Additionally, in cancer surgery, it is rare to have involvement of the condylar ramus/head so as to necessitate a full disarticulation. Thus, the functional anatomy is maintained, and there is a surface to fixate the reconstruction plate carrying the fibula. It is important to appreciate that in an irradiated field, the region of affected bone very often extends a considerable distance from the site of pathologic fracture; often the extent of affected bone includes the hard tissue up to the condylar head. Experience has taught us that attempting to stabilize a reconstruction plate on this compromised bone often leads to failure of the entire reconstruction, resulting in pain and significant dysfunction. In this chapter we present a protocol that includes disarticulation of the joint in the setting of mandibular resection for ORN; this has been developed over time and with experience. This protocol is staged to allow for multiple stopping points if for any reason the sequence cannot be completed, but yet leaves the patient functional with minimal pain.
Vertically Stratified Arthropod Diversity in a Florida Upland Hardwood Forest

Species diversity is typically higher in tropical forest canopies than in ground layers, but this pattern is absent in temperate forests. However, hardwood forests of Florida are typified by the intermingling of temperate and tropical species. It is thus unclear how diversity in Florida forests might be vertically stratified. This project is one of the first investigations to compare arthropod communities at varying layers (strata) of a Florida hardwood forest, from ground to canopy habitats. We installed terrestrial and arboreal pitfall traps to survey the arthropod community along a vertical gradient from the forest ground to upper canopy. We collected 830 arthropods from the 34 traps, amounting to 103 morphospecies across 15 orders. Coleoptera was the most morphospecious order, followed by Diptera, Araneae, and Hymenoptera. Species alpha diversity, richness, and abundance all decreased with height from the ground and horizontal distance from the tree. We discuss the vertical stratification of orders in addition to diversity metrics. This study is the first to reveal canopy strata effects on arthropod diversity in a Florida forest, and shows how diversity and composition changes along within site gradients.