cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maltreatment in multiple-birth children

a b s t r a c t Objective: The rate of multiple births has increased over the last two decades. In 1982, an increased frequency of injuries among this patient population was noted, but few studies have evaluated the increased incidence of maltreatment in twins. The study aim was to evaluate the features of all multiple-birth children with substantiated physical abuse and/or neglect over a four-year period at a major children's hospital. Study design and methods: A Retrospective chart review was conducted of multiple- gestation children in which at least one child in the multiple set experienced child maltreatment from January 2006 to December 2009. Data regarding the child, injuries, family, and perpetrators were abstracted. We evaluated whether family and child charac- teristics were associated with maltreatment, and whether types of injuries were similar within multiple sets. For comparison, data from the same time period for single-birth mal- treated children also were abstracted, including child age, gestational age at birth, and injury type. Results: There were 19 sets of multiple births in which at least one child had abusive injuries and/or neglect. In 10 of 19 sets (53%), all multiples were found to have a form of maltreatment, and all children in these multiple sets shared at least one injury type. Parents lived together in 63% of cases. Fathers and mothers were the alleged perpetrator in 42% of the cases. Multiple-gestation-birth maltreated children were significantly more likely than single-birth maltreated children to have abdominal trauma (13% vs. 1%, respectively; p < .01), fractures (83% vs. 39%; p < .01), and to be injured at a younger mean age (12.8 months vs. 34.8 months; p < .01). Conclusions: Siblings of maltreated, multiple-gestation children often, but not always, were abused. In sets with two maltreated children, children usually shared the same modes of maltreatment. Multiples are significantly more likely than singletons to be younger and experience fractures and abdominal trauma. The findings support the current standard practice of evaluating all children in a multiple set when one is found to be abused or neglected.
Dictionary making by conference and committee: NACA and the American Aeronautical Language, 1916–1934

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics issued seven reports on aeronautical nomenclature between 1916 and 1934. A lively American aeronautical language was being used in almost every report, technical note, or memorandum NACA issued except in those seven entitled Nomenclature for Aeronautics. The committees and conferences of NACA, interested in asserting authority in aeronautical matters, never approached flight terminology by surveying the words they chose; they prescribed the terms usually without correctly describing them. Because they appeared authoritative, NACA's definitions were in many dictionaries, but they were almost always augmented by additional entries more apt and applicable to the growing American aeronautical language of the 1920s and the 1930s.
Adaptive controllers for avoidance or evasion in an uncertain environment: Some examples☆

Abstract We consider a class of controllers which assure that, for a specific class of uncertain dynamical systems, the system state avoids a prescribed region. Each controller is a combination of a memoryless controller and an adaptive controller. The utilization of these controllers is demonstrated by application to two examples, a linear system with a bounded avoidance set and a planar pursuit-evasion problem. Numerical simulations illustrate the results.
Ejection of Milk in Relation to Levels of Oxytocin Injected Intramuscularly

Abstract As level of oxytocin injected increased, the time from injection to beginning of milk flow (latent period) decreased, and the duration of milk flow and milk yield increased. The data indicated a difference in response at the levels of oxytocin used. A linear response was observed with all levels of oxytocin up to 5 USPU, followed by a plateau between 5 and 12.5, with a greater response when 20 USPU were injected. Correlation coefficients were –0.57 for the latent period, 0.52 for duration of milk flow, and 0.36 for milk yields. All correlation coefficients were highly significant (P =
Response of spherical diffusion flames under rotation with general Lewis numbers

The structure and extinction of diffusion flames generated by a porous spherical burner or a fuel droplet in response to rotational motion were investigated through perturbation analysis, with emphasis on the effects of non-unity Lewis numbers (Le) for both fuel and oxidizer. The analysis shows that the rotational motion induces a secondary flow that distorts the otherwise spherical flame into a pancake shape. The flame temperature is also affected, such that the flame becomes more susceptible to extinction either at the poles or the equator, depending on the combined effects of Lewis numbers, flame stretch through local flow non-uniformity and ambient oxidizer concentration. The results reported here will help guide planned microgravity experiments.
Metabolism of 19-nortestosterone by human prostate

Abstract The metabolism of testosterone by human benign hypertrophic prostate to 19-norandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (∼1%), 19-nor-5α-androstane-17β-ol-3-one (8–15%) and 2-methoxyestrone (15%) is demonstrated. Incubation with a mixture of 1,2- 3 H-testosterone and 4- 14 C-19-nortestosterone was performed to determine to what, if any, extent 19-nortestosterone was an intermediate in the aromatization of testosterone by this tissue. From the yields and 3 H/ 14 C ratios of products it is tentatively concluded that, as in placental preparations, 19-nortestosterone and 19- norandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione play a very minor role in the aromatization process. It is noteworthy, also, that the saturated estrane, 19-nor-5α-androstane-17β-ol-3-one, appears to arise almost wholly from 10-demethylation of a saturated metabolite of testosterone, presumably, 5α-androstane-17β-ol-3-one. The significance of these findings, especially in relation to the Segaloff hypothesis is discussed.
A feedback control and a simulation of a torsional elastic robot arm

A feedback control is designed for a torsional elastic robot arm to be exponentially stable and to arrive at any designated position. An eigenvalue problem is discussed, and a finite-dimensional approximation theorem is proposed and proved. Based on the numerical analysis and the approximation theorem we can simulate the system and show that the bending vibration, the torsional vibration, the rigid turning angle, and the bending moment of the robot arm can be controlled in a short period of time.
Failure analysis of three Si3N4 balls used in hybrid bearings

Abstract The rolling-element fatigue life of advanced hybrid material bearings consisting of silicon-nitride balls, REX20 tool-steel inner races, and CRU20 tool-steel outer races was measured under well-qualified laboratory testing. Multiple sets of four bearings (207H size) were tested using the least-of-four technique and sudden-death statistics to obtain a Weibull distribution based upon a bivariate model that accounted for load, time, and sample size. The Weibull distribution model shows that the advanced material bearings are projected to have 6.7 times greater life than the reference 52100 steel bearings at 90% confidence and 12 times greater life at 50% confidence under the test conditions. A fractographic analysis of three failed ceramic balls was performed. In each instance, the initiation of the final fracture was traced back to a relatively small site. In two cases, interesting features are identified that may represent the potential cause for the failure. These potential causes are identified as small defects that are believed to be sintering voids with diameters of less than 2 μm. The balls’ very long lives under elevated loading suggest that the manufacturer is controlling the population of pre-existing manufacturing flaws very well.
Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes

Members of the SNF2 family of ATPases often function as components of multi-subunit chromatin remodeling complexes that regulate nucleosome dynamics and DNA accessibility by catalyzing ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling. Biochemically dissecting the contributions of individual subunits of such complexes to the multi-step ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling reaction requires the use of assays that monitor the production of reaction products and measure the formation of reaction intermediates. This JOVE protocol describes assays that allow one to measure the biochemical activities of chromatin remodeling complexes or subcomplexes containing various combinations of subunits. Chromatin remodeling is measured using an ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding assay, which monitors the movement of a nucleosome on a DNA molecule using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)-based method. Nucleosome binding activity is measured by monitoring the formation of remodeling complex-bound mononucleosomes using a similar EMSA-based method, and DNA- or nucleosome-dependent ATPase activity is assayed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) to measure the rate of conversion of ATP to ADP and phosphate in the presence of either DNA or nucleosomes. Using these assays, one can examine the functions of subunits of a chromatin remodeling complex by comparing the activities of the complete complex to those lacking one or more subunits. The human INO80 chromatin remodeling complex is used as an example; however, the methods described here can be adapted to the study of other chromatin remodeling complexes.
Using logistic regression to improve the prognostic value of microarray gene expression data sets: application to early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and triple negative breast carcinoma

Numerous microarray-based prognostic gene expression signatures of primary neoplasms have been published but often with little concurrence between studies, thus limiting their clinical utility. We describe a methodology using logistic regression, which circumvents limitations of conventional Kaplan Meier analysis. We applied this approach to a thrice-analyzed and published squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) of the lung data set, with the objective of identifying gene expressions predictive of early death versus long survival in early-stage disease. A similar analysis was applied to a data set of triple negative breast carcinoma cases, which present similar clinical challenges. Important to our approach is the selection of homogenous patient groups for comparison. In the lung study, we selected two groups (including only stages I and II), equal in size, of earliest deaths and longest survivors. Genes varying at least four-fold were tested by logistic regression for accuracy of prediction (area under a ROC plot). The gene list was refined by applying two sliding-window analyses and by validations using a leave–one-out approach and model building with validation subsets. In the breast study, a similar logistic regression analysis was used after selecting appropriate cases for comparison. A total of 8594 variable genes were tested for accuracy in predicting earliest deaths versus longest survivors in SQCC. After applying the two sliding window and the leave-one-out analyses, 24 prognostic genes were identified; most of them were B-cell related. When the same data set of stage I and II cases was analyzed using a conventional Kaplan Meier (KM) approach, we identified fewer immune-related genes among the most statistically significant hits; when stage III cases were included, most of the prognostic genes were missed. Interestingly, logistic regression analysis of the breast cancer data set identified many immune-related genes predictive of clinical outcome. Stratification of cases based on clinical data, careful selection of two groups for comparison, and the application of logistic regression analysis substantially improved predictive accuracy in comparison to conventional KM approaches. B cell-related genes dominated the list of prognostic genes in early stage SQCC of the lung and triple negative breast cancer.
Removal of reactive gases at indoor surfaces: Combining mass transport and surface kinetics

Abstract The rate of deposition of reactive gaseous pollutants onto indoor surfaces is examined, taking into account mass transport processes and the kinetics of gas-surface interactions. A conceptual model for predicting indoor deposition velocities is proposed, and approximate analysis based on this model is used to obtain algebraic expressions for the deposition velocity of reactive gases under three model airflow conditions: (1) forced laminar convection parallel to a flat plate, (2) laminar natural convection flow along an isothermal vertical plate, and (3) homogeneous turbulence in an enclosure. Numerical simulations are used to refine the approximate analysis results and to predict reactive gas deposition under laminar natural convection flow in an enclosure. The kinetics of gas-surface interactions are modeled in terms of the reaction probability γ, defined as the fraction of pollutant molecular collisions with a surface that result in irreversible removal. Values of γ for the reaction of ozone with surfaces are obtained from published reaction chamber and tube penetration experiments. For common indoor materials, values range from as low as O(10 −7 ) for glass and aluminium to O(10 −5 –10 −4 ) for materials such as bricks, concrete and latex paint. Our results indicate that ozone deposition occurs at the transport-limited rate when γ > − 3 × 10 −4 for typical indoor air flow conditions, and that ozone deposition can be predicted by surface kinetics alone if γ −7 .
Successive oscillatory fields at radio to optical frequencies

The methods of separated or successive oscillatory fields (often called Ramsey methods) are described for radio, microwave and optical coherent radiation. The methods are initially described qualitatively. The quantitative theories of the methods are also given. For a two-level system at radio frequencies exact expressions for the transition probability amplitudes for an arbitrary number of successive oscillatory regions can be found in terms of products of successive transformation matrices. The expressions are greatly simplified if the oscillatory-field regions are very short. If there are only two oscillatory-field regions the situation is similar to a Young's two-slit interference pattern except that the two paths are separated in spin space rather than normal space. Some results from more than two oscillatory regions are discussed. The extensions of the methods and the theories to optical frequencies are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are given as are the many extensions of the method beyond the original concept.
Formation of the parental replicative form of bacteriophage φX174

The formation of parental replicative forms was observed in the period from 15 seconds to 20 minutes after infection with the single-stranded bacteriophage φX174. The rapid appearance of the first double-stranded molecules indicates that the new DNA strand is polymerized in less than 10 seconds. The distribution of pulse-label in parental RF† suggests that synthesis of the new complementary strand is most often initiated in or near cistron A and proceeds in the direction A-H-G-F-E-D-C-B-A. A second initiation site may also exist near cistron G. Parental RF DNA isolated at various times after infection was characterized by centrifugal analysis. The following observations were made. 1.(i) At one minute after infection an appreciable fraction of the parental RF molecules appear to be in intermediate stages of synthesis; they have complementary strands which are substantially incomplete. 2.(ii) Nascent parental RF molecules which appear to be completely double-stranded have complementary strands with several discontinuities. 3.(iii) A portion of the viral strands in nascent parental RF sediment more slowly than unit-length strands. 4.(iv) Complete parental RFII molecules consist of intact circular viral strands and unit-length complementary strands. 5.(v) Parental RF made from phage exposed to ultraviolet light also have intact circular viral strands, but the complementary strands are shorter than unit-length. 6.(vi) The amount of complementary DNA made after infection with phage exposed to various doses of ultraviolet light suggests that the new strand has only one initiation site.
On decomposition of r-partite graphs into edge-disjoint hamilton circuits

Let K(n;r) denote the complete r-partite graph K(n, n,..., n). It is shown here that for all even n(r - 1) >= 2, K(n;r) is the union of n(r - 1)2 of its Hamilton circuits which are mutually edge-disjoint, and for all odd n(r - 1) >= 1, K(n;r) is the union of (n(r - 1) - 1)2 of its Hamilton circuits and a 1-factor, all of which are mutually edge-disjoint.
The Inositol Phosphate-Calcium Signaling System in Nonexcitable Cells

I. Introduction IN 1983, Michael Berridge proposed (1), and subsequently with collaborators demonstrated (2), that d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [(1,4,5)IP3], generated in the course of receptor-activated inositol lipid turnover, was a second messenger signaling the release of stored calcium from intracellular sites to the cytoplasm of activated cells. The significance of this discovery was enormous. The explosion of interest and research in this area in the last decade has demonstrated that the inositol phosphate-calcium signaling system plays a critical role in the mechanisms by which hormones regulate diverse processes such as muscle contraction, cell secretion, metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. Despite the consensus regarding the central role of (1,4,5)IP3 in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, the extremely complex nature of Ca2+ signaling and inositol phosphate metabolism has spawned controversies. What is the meaning of the enigmatically complex pathways of inositol phosphate metab...
Effect of temperature on the response of cervical vagal nerve

Abstract The effect of temperature on the response of cat's cervical vagus was investigated. It appears that there is a power function relationship between the conduction velocity and temperature of the nerve. Within a range of 40 to 20°C, change of conduction velocity for each degree centigrade of the A-beta fibers was about 6.4 m/s; of the A-delta, 0.85 m/s; and of the C fibers, 0.08 m/s. Between 10 and 40°C, the ratio of conduction velocity between A-beta and A-delta was about 5 : 1; between A-beta and C fibers, 50 : 1; and between A-delta and C fibers, 10 : 1. Response of A-beta did not occur at temperatures below 6.7°C and above 47.3°C; of A-delta, below 11.8°C and above 46.1°C; of C fibers, below 7.8°C and above 48.6°C. From 36 to 15°C, the response threshold of A-beta increased 22.2 times; of A-delta, 3.8 times; and of C fibers, 1.7 times.
Labial and mandibular dynamics during the production of bilabial consonants: preliminary observations.

Simultaneous recordings of upper lip, lower lip, and jaw movements concomitant with intramuscular electromyography were obtained from five subjects during the production of VCV tokens where V = /i/...
Analytical application of the recursion and moments methods to the electronic structure of C60: Exact solution for the pi and sigma states.

The recursion and path-integral methods are applied to analytically study the electronic structure of a neutral $C_{60}$ molecule. We employ a tight-binding Hamiltonian which considers both the $s$ and $p$ valence electrons of carbon. From the recursion method, we obtain closed-form {\it analytic} expressions for the $\pi$ and $\sigma$ eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, including the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states, and the Green's functions. We also present the local densities of states around several ring clusters, which can be probed experimentally by using, for instance, a scanning tunneling microscope. {}From a path-integral method, identical results for the energy spectrum are also derived. In addition, the local density of states on one carbon atom is obtained; from this we can derive the degree of degeneracy of the energy levels.
Dynamics of ATP-binding cassette contribute to allosteric control, nucleotide binding and energy transduction in ABC transporters.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters move solutes across membranes and are associated with important diseases, including cystic fibrosis and multi-drug resistance. These molecular machines are energized by their charateristic ABC modules, molecular engines fuelled by ATP hydrolysis. A solution NMR study of a model ABC, Methanococcus jannaschii protein MJ1267, reveals that ADP-Mg binding alters the flexibilities of key ABC motifs and induces allosteric changes in conformational dynamics in the LivG insert, over 30 A away from the ATPase active site. 15N spin relaxation data support a “selected-fit” model for nucleotide binding. Transitions between rigidity and flexibility in key motifs during the ATP hydrolysis cycle may be crucial to mechanochemical energy transduction in ABC transporters. The restriction of correlated protein motions is likely a central mechanism for allosteric communications. Comparison between dynamics data from NMR and X-ray crystallography reveals their overall consistency and complementarity.
Heat and salt transport through a diffusive thermohaline interface

Abstract An investigation of a thermohaline diffusive interface between convecting layers, with heat fluxes more similar to natural ones than in previous studies, shows that the formula suggested by Huppert (Deep-Sea Research, 18, 1005–1021, 1971) for the dependence of heat flux on interface stability should not be extrapolated to stability numbers higher than five and a new formula is proposed. The non-dimensional ratio of salt flux to heat flux increases from the value 0.15 found by Turner (International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 8, 759–767, 1965) as the heat flux is lowered. The interface migrates vertically, whereas Huppert's analysis of the stability of a pair of diffusive interfaces assumed stationary interfaces. The migration rate depends on both stability number and heat flux. For oceanic values of the heat flux, the thickness of the interface was in the range observed for the layered system of microstructure in the Arctic Ocean.
Office treatment of the pathologic cervix

Abstract This paper discusses the office treatment of the following cervical lesions: erosions, nonspecific endocervicitis, lacerations complicated by eversion and/or erosion, cysts, polyps, stricture, stenosis, leucoplakia, endometriosis, varicosities, and “strawberry cervix.” Cervical anatomy and pathology are reviewed briefly. Accepted methods of office treatment of these lesions are discussed.
Modeling flotation separation in a semi-batch process

A model for a semi-batch flotation separation process has been developed, based on available microprocess probabilities, and compared to experimental data obtained using a WEMCO laboratory flotation cell. In general, the model predicts the correct experimental trends. In many cases, the model also predicts removal efficiency very well. Parametric studies reveal that the model predictions are sensitive to a stability parameter, the turbulent energy density in the flotation cell, the contact angle between the solid particle and fluid, and the ratio of initial-to-critical film thickness.
Materials and fabrication issues for large machined germanium immersion gratings

LLNL has successfully fabricated small (1.5 cm{sup 2} area) germanium immersion gratings. We studied the feasibility of producing a large germanium immersion grating by means of single point diamond flycutting. Our baseline design is a 63.4o blaze echelle with a 6 cm beam diameter. Birefringence and refractive index inhomogeneity due to stresses produced by the crystal growth process are of concern. Careful selection of the grating blank and possibly additional annealing to relieve stress will be required. The Large Optics Diamond Turning Machine (LODTM) at LLNL is a good choice for the fabrication. It can handle parts up to 1.5 meter in diameter and 0.5 meter in length and is capable of a surface figure accuracy of better than 28 nm rms. We will describe the machine modifications and the machining process for a large grating. A next generation machine, the Precision Optical Grinder and Lathe (POGAL), currently under development has tighter specifications and could produce large gratings with higher precision.
Molecular Models of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Complexes

Molecular models of phthalocyanine and porphyrin complexes are discussed. The molecules added to the JCE Featured Molecules library this month include phthalocyanine anion, phthalocyanine green, substituted iron(II) phthalocyanine complexes, tetraazaporphyrin, and porphyrin.
Sequential monitoring of surface spatial variation in automotive machining processes based on high definition metrology

Abstract The ability to monitor machining processes within micron level is critical to high precision manufacturing. New non-contact measurement technology, such as holography based high definition metrology (HDM), makes this feasible through monitoring of both the part shape and its surface texture. However, conventional statistical process monitoring and diagnostic schemes based on low definition measurement technology have limitations in addressing the HDM data since such data are in high-dimensional form and may show strong spatial correlation. Based on a previously published sequential strategy for global and localized monitoring of shape variations in HDM data, this paper improves the method by refining the localized monitoring scheme, and applies the method to HDM data collected from an automotive engine head machining process. The results show that the proposed HDM monitoring scheme can effectively localize the defective regions on the out-of-control parts.
Effects of diabetes and uremia on mesenteric vascular reactivity

Background. Diabetes and uremia are comorbid conditions that have significant effects on cardiovascular physiology. These studies were designed to examine the effects of diabetes and uremia on vascular reactivity. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (C), diabetic (D), uremic (U), and diabetic/uremic (D+U) groups. Diabetes (D, D+U groups) was induced with an injection of streptozotocin. Uremic (U, D+U groups) was produced by seven-eighths nephrectomy. Serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine clearance, and protein excretion were measured at baseline and before microvascular studies at 4 or 8 weeks after injection. Vascular reactivity was studied in isolated, pressurized, and superfused segments of mesenteric arterioles (300 μm). Changes in internal vessel diameter were measured in response to phenylephrine (10−8 to 10−4 mol/L), acetylcholine (10−9 to 10−5 mol/L), and nitroprusside (10−9 to 10−2 mol/L). Results. Results at 4 and 8 weeks were similar in all groups. Vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine and endothelium-independent vasodilator responses to nitroprusside were not altered in any experimental group. Endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine were significantly depressed in both diabetic groups (D and D+U, p Conclusions. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes results in impairment of endothelial-dependent (nitric oxide mediated) vasodilator responses in mesenteric resistance vessels, which are unaffected by coexisting uremia. Uremia has little effect on mesenteric vascular reactivity in this model.
Multidimensional scaling of macaque social interaction.

Observations of social behavior in 120 pairs of rhesus macaques were organized into three matrices: male-male interactions, female-female interactions, and male-female interactions. The alternating least-squares dimensional analysis (ALSCAL-4) was applied to each matrix to derive one-, two-, three-, and four-dimensional solutions. For each matrix, the two-dimensional solution gave the best fit with least stress. The loadings for each category on the two dimensions were then compared with previously derived message statements for those categories and the messages were corrected as needed to conform to these analyses. For all three matrices, the two dimensions underlying social behaviors were dominance or submissiveness by the self, and a positive or negative affiliative relationship bias to the pairmate.
Magnetoresistance of UIr3 and UGe3 to 220 kG

Topological properties of the Fermi surfaces of UIr3 and UGe3 were investigated. UIr3 is an uncompensated metal with open orbits along 〈110〉. This is in agreement with a proposed model of Arko and Koelling, based on augmented-plane-wave (APW) calculations. UGe3 is a compensated metal, which showed nearly quadratic magnetoresistance behavior for all field directions studied. The results are compared with the APW model of Arko and Koelling, which contains a multiply connected sheet of Fermi surface. The model, or slight variations thereof, is consistent with the available data.
Covalent and noncovalent modifications induce allosteric binding behavior in a monoclonal antibody.

Detailed equilibrium binding studies were conducted on a monoclonal antibody (8A11) directed against UO22+ complexed with 2,9-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline (DCP−UO22+). Covalent modification of 8A11 with amine-reactive derivatives of Cy5 or Alexa 488 altered the binding curves obtained with DCP−UO22+ from hyperbolic to sigmoidal, the latter characterized by Hill coefficients of 1.5−1.6. Binding curves obtained with DCP−UO22+ and the bivalent (Fab)2 or the monovalent Fab fragments derived from limited proteolysis of the covalently modified 8A11 were characterized by Hill coefficients of 1.2 and 1.0, respectively. Incubation of 8A11 with saturating concentrations of the Fab fragments of goat antibodies directed against the Fc portion of mouse IgG increased the affinity of the native 8A11 for DCP−UO22+ by 3-fold. Conversely, incubation of the 8A11−Cy5 covalent conjugate with saturating concentrations of protein G (which likewise binds to the constant regions of mouse IgG) decreased the affinity of the primar...
Thrombospondin-1 suppresses spontaneous tumor growth and inhibits activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and mobilization of vascular endothelial growth factor

Growth of tumors and metastasis are processes known to require neovascularization. To ascertain the participation of the endogenous angiogenic inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in tumor progression, we generated mammary tumor-prone mice that either lack, or specifically overexpress, TSP1 in the mammary gland. Tumor burden and vasculature were significantly increased in TSP1-deficient animals, and capillaries within the tumor appeared distended and sinusoidal. In contrast, TSP1 overexpressors showed delayed tumor growth or lacked frank tumor development (20% of animals); tumor capillaries showed reduced diameter and were less frequent. Interestingly, absence of TSP1 resulted in increased association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with its receptor VEGFR2 and higher levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), a molecule previously shown to facilitate both angiogenesis and tumor invasion. In vitro, enzymatic activation of proMMP9 was suppressed by TSP1. Together these results argue for a protective role of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis in tumor growth and implicate TSP1 in the in vivo regulation of metalloproteinase-9 activation and VEGF signaling.
Flash desorption activation energies: DCOOH decomposition and CO desorption from Ni (110)

Abstract Accurate values of activation energies were measured by flash desorption methods without assumptions about preexponential factors, reaction orders or specific reaction mechanisms. The activation energies were determined by two methods; one method employed a relationship for the shift in peak temperature with change in heating rate, and the other utilized the change in peak amplitude with shift in peak temperature for different heating rates. Agreement between the two methods was excellent . A series of flash curves at different heating rates were obtained for the CO 2 and CO products from DCOOH flash decomposition following adsorption on Ni (110) at 37°C. Adsorbed DCOOH decomposed autocatalytically with an activation energy of 26.6 kcal/mol to form CO 2 and D 2 . Carbon monoxide formation from DCOOH decomposition, which corresponded identically to CO desorption from this surface, showed a first order activation energy of 32.7 kcal/mol; this activation energy was used to fit a series of CO flash desorption curves obtained for CO adsorption at −55°C. The preexponential factor was found to be 8.5 × 10 15 s −1 . The desorption was first order with a slightly coverage dependent desorption energy. In addition the CO flash curves showed additional binding states at coverages at which changes in isosteric heats of adsorption have been observed. The results illustrate the sensitivity of flash desorption for the determination of binding energies over a wide range of coverages.
An autonomous robot that duplicates itself from low-complexity components

This paper presents an autonomous self-replicating robot consisting of four low-complexity modules. The entire system is composed of a parent robot, four unassembled modules provided as resources, and an environment where the self-replication takes place. The parent robot grows itself by attaching the resource modules onto itself until it doubles its physical size, and then splits in the middle thereby returning the parent to its original state and producing a daughter robot. We call these processes expansion and separation, respectively. The environment plays a passive role as a catalyst that helps generating a spiral trajectory for the parent robot and does not hold any information about the resource modules. To assess the physical changes made by self-replication, structural and informational complexities associated with the robotic system and the self-replication process are quantified and compared to previous prototypes.
An Empirical Investigation of Holland and ASCO Holland Occupational Code Types

Abstract Empirical results from 47 concurrent Australian samples of 1,612 students-in-training and workers are presented that offer validation evidence for their obtained codes with Holland and ASCO 1983 Working Draft occupational types. The ASCO codes are the primary source for the Australian Edition of the Occupational Finder for use with the Self-Directed Search. The methodology used the Iachan Index, which Holland has said is the most accurate technique to measure congruence between codes. Counsellors and employers should also be encouraged that there are very close matches between students-in-training and employed workers' profiles from the same discipline. The Career Decision-Making System (CDM) was the instrument used in this study.
Collaborative Ethnography and Public Engagement: Crafting a New Peer Review

Every spring for the last three years the Museum of Anthropology (MOA) at Wake Forest University (WFU) has sponsored Boy Scout Day as one of several family oriented Saturday activity sessions. Most of the "Family Days" are exhibit related, providing active extensions to museum designed and community advised thematic presentations. Boy Scout Day is a different phenomenon, designed in part to add "authenticity" to the decades old practice of young boys dressing up as Indians in order to earn proficiency badges. With up to 200 Scouts and their leaders in attendance, the activity has had mixed reception among the principals involved. Boy Scouts love throwing atlatls, learning to flint knap and hearing Native American stories. Anthropology faculty members are skeptical, wondering about the implications of the continued Scout-Indian relationship. Local Native American groups have had an increasing presence, first as vendors, and then as advisors and participants. But has this taken us past a 1950s-era popular n...
Instrumentation laboratory at a foreign study center with concurrent instruction

In 2006, Grove City College (GCC) launched an International Study Center (ISC) in Nantes, France that utilizes concurrent instruction as well as a French University Partnership to allow mechanical engineering and liberal arts students to study abroad in a partial immersion semester program. The focus of this paper is to present the challenges and evolution of a junior-level instrumentation laboratory course that is taught both at the US main campus and at the ISC. The course is team taught by one U.S. faculty member state side and another U.S. faculty member at the ISC. Students perform experiments that were shipped to the ISC and set-up to mimic experiments given at the main campus. GCC online course management and VPN (virtual private network) course folders are used to manage student assignments and quizzes. Course content is also shared via pre-recorded lectures (U.S. to France), live lectures using web conferencing (U.S. to France), and onsite lectures (in France). Experiments are monitored by an onsite faculty member at the ISC.
Targeted Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor to Human Keratinocytes: Modification of the Autocrine Control of Keratinocyte Proliferation

Somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is required for the proliferation of keratinocytes in vitro. In skin, the cells known to synthesize IGF-I are melanocytes and fibroblasts of the dermis. To investigate the role of IGF-I as a mediator of keratinocyte proliferation, we have used retroviral-mediated gene transfer to introduce the gene encoding human IGF-I into diploid human keratinocytes, thus causing these cells to produce a growth factor they normally do not express. Modified cells synthesized and secreted significant levels of IGF-I (560 ng/107 cells/24 h) in vitro. Cells expressing IGF-I were no longer dependent on exogenously added IGF-I or insulin for their sustained growth in vitro under serum-free condition. The growth of these cells did require added epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bovine pituitary extract. The addition of an antibody that neutralizes IGF-I inhibited cell growth, suggesting that IGF-I must be secreted by the cells to promote cell proliferation. To investigate the role of IGF-I in vivo, we grafted modified keratinocytes expressing IGF-I onto athymic mice. Grafts of epithelial sheets of modified cells formed a stratified epithelium comparable to control grafts of unmodified cells. When analyzed for keratin 16 expression and by quantitative staining for the nuclear proliferation antigen Ki-67, however, modified epithelia showed an increase in these markers of proliferation when compared with grafts of unmodified cells. This study demonstrates that genetic modification can be used to modify the autocrine control of keratinocyte proliferation. The de novo synthesis of IGF-I by keratinocytes could sustain keratinocytes growth in vitro and stimulate proliferation in vivo without significantly altering epidermal differentiation. These data further support the role of IGF-I as a paracrine mediator of epidermal proliferation and as a potential signal of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions.
An absorption detection approach for multiplexed capillary electrophoresis using a linear photodiode array.

A novel absorption detection method for highly multiplexed capillary electrophoresis is presented for zone electrophoresis and for micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The approach involves the use of a linear photodiode array on which a capillary array is imaged by a camera lens. Either a tungsten lamp or a mercury lamp can be used as the light source such that all common wavelengths for absorption detection are accessible by simply interchanging narrow-band filters. Each capillary spans several diodes in the photodiode array for absorption measurements. Over 100 densely packed capillaries can be monitored by a single photodiode array element with 1024 diodes. The detection limit for rhodamine 6G for each capillary in the multiplexed array is ∼1.8 × 10-8 M injected (S/N = 2). The cross-talk between adjacent capillaries is less than 0.2%. Simultaneous analysis of 96 samples is demonstrated.
Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathologic perspective

Alzheimer disease or senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) is the commonest cause of dementia. Its pathogenesis is extremely complex and almost certainly heterogeneous, encompassing genetic and environmental factors. Relatively rare familial forms of AD, including early onset variants, result from various mutations in genes on chromosomes 21 (APP), 1 (PS2) and 14 (PS1). The presence of the Apolipoprotein E e4 isoform is a major risk factor for the development of AD. Microscopic lesions that occur in normal brain aging, but are present in excessive numbers in AD, include senile ‘neuritic' plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid angiopathy. Senile plaques and amyloid angiopathy result, in part, from local deposition of Abeta protein. The pathogenesis of each of these lesions is considered in detail, as are methods by which they can be optimally demonstrated in autopsy brain specimens using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry. Progressive synapse loss is also a key event associated with cognitive decline in AD patients. Approaches to confirming the clinical diagnosis of AD and disease ‘staging' are presented. Transgenic animal models of AD, a focal point of current research, are discussed with respect to their value in understanding AD pathogenesis and their potential role for developing drugs that can be used to either treat AD or prevent its onset and progression.
Prescription Opioid Misuse: Effective Methods for Reducing the Epidemic

Prescription opioid misuse has been a significant epidemic during the past decade. Formulations of prescription opioids with different mechanisms of abuse-deterrence have been developed or are currently under development. Given that these medications are substantially more difficult to use in an illicit fashion and minimize the potential for euphoria and/or create an aversive experience when over-ingested, they represent an important next step in pharmacological innovation. Immediate decreases in nonmedical use and in associated overdose mortality and adverse events have been observed after a highly abused opioid, OxyContin, was changed into an abuse-deterrent formulation. However, this reduction in OxyContin use may have simply shifted the drug of choice towards other more easily misused opioids, suggesting that a change in formulation alone will not be sufficient in controlling the epidemic. To control prescription opioid misuse requires treating populations with opioid use disorder and preventing the development of opioid abuse or dependence in unaffected populations. Buprenorphine with naloxone has been designed as an abuse-deterrent formulation, while also demonstrating significant efficacy in treating opioid use disorder. Thus, the dissemination of buprenorphine treatment can be a helpful step in reducing the current epidemic. Other strategies to reduce the epidemic include limiting the availability of leftover prescription opioids through drug take back programs, monitoring physician prescriptions through state prescription monitoring programs, and implementing evidence-based practices in pain management. Increased referral of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain to comprehensive pain rehabilitation programs can also reduce healthcare utilization while improving patient outcomes. Also, routine screening for prescription misuse and referral for addictions treatment must become a standard practice in order to ensure patient safety and create early opportunities for intervention.
Thermoreversible and remendable glass–polymer interface for fiber-reinforced composites

Adhesion of the reinforcement to the polymer matrix is essential for load transfer from the polymer matrix to the reinforcement material in fiber-reinforced composites. The reversible Diels–Alder reaction between a furan-functionalized epoxy-amine thermosetting matrix with a maleimide-functionalized glass fiber was used to impart remendability at the polymer–glass interface for potential application in glass fiber-reinforced composites. At room temperature the Diels–Alder adduct is formed spontaneously and above 90 C the adduct breaks apart to reform the original furan and maleimide moieties. Healing of the interface was investigated with single fiber microdroplet pull-out testing. Following complete failure of this interface, significant healing was observed, with some specimens recovering over 100% of the initial properties. Healing efficiency was not affected by the distance of displacement, with an overall average of 41% healing efficiency. Up to five healing cycles were successfully achieved. It is expected that a glass fiber-reinforced composite of maleimide-sized glass within a furan-functionalized network will demonstrate extension of fatigue life.
Pulmonary Complications in Primary Acquired Hypogammaglobulinemia: Surgical Considerations

Abstract With the discovery and routine use of antibiotics, a virtually new disease—primary acquired hypogammaglobulinemia—was recognized. More precise clinical, genetic, and laboratory endeavor has proved, in fact, that it is really one of a whole host of individual disease entities, all with the common feature of inadequate production and marshalling of gamma globulin to combat infection. Although the condition has been recognized in children's medicine for two decades, the survival of these early victims into adolescence and adulthood is now bringing them to the attention of surgeons as candidates for drainage or resection of suppurative disease of the lung, air tubes, and pleura. In fact a triad has emerged, with some of these patients having infectious disease in the lungs and sinuses associated with enlargement of the spleen when first seen. Often it is the radiologist who first suspects the diagnosis when he recognizes one or more features of this diagnostic triad. Three personal cases are presented together with a technique of management that appears successful. As with the recognition of any new disease, occult and subclinical presentations become more common as suspicion progresses, and ease of confirmation is afforded.
An integrated approach for the analysis of biological pathways using mixed models.

Gene class, ontology, or pathway testing analysis has become increasingly popular in microarray data analysis. Such approaches allow the integration of gene annotation databases, such as Gene Ontology and KEGG Pathway, to formally test for subtle but coordinated changes at a system level. Higher power in gene class testing is gained by combining weak signals from a number of individual genes in each pathway. We propose an alternative approach for gene-class testing based on mixed models, a class of statistical models that: provides the ability to model and borrow strength across genes that are both up and down in a pathway, operates within a well-established statistical framework amenable to direct control of false positive or false discovery rates, exhibits improved power over widely used methods under normal location-based alternative hypotheses, and handles complex experimental designs for which permutation resampling is difficult. We compare the properties of this mixed models approach with nonparametric method GSEA and parametric method PAGE using a simulation study, and illustrate its application with a diabetes data set and a dose-response data set.