cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restoration of wing margins in Lyra mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Lyra is a dominant, homozygous lethal mutation of Drosophila melanogaster; in heterozygotes the wings lack portions of the anterior and posterior margins including the characteristic bristles. We have found that, in addition to the loss of bristle forming cells, there is a decrease in the number of wing surface cells that varies between 10 and 20%. However, we observed no histological evidence of excessive cell death in either the larval discs or the pupal wing precursors in Lyra flies. Restoration of all or part of the normal wing margins occurs in some, but not all, cases of morphogenetic mosaics, in which there were patches of wild-type cells in Lyra wing margins due to irradiation-induced mitotic recombination. Analysis of these restorations, using margin bristles as indicators, shows that the Lyra wild-type gene is not involved in bristle formation per se and further that its expression is not cell autonomous. Instead the effect of the Lyra mutation appears to be associated with development of a margin forming subpopulation of cells and to influence the characteristic pattern of cells and bristles in the wing margin via an inductive interaction. The dorsal-ventral boundary can be demonstrated in the de facto wing margins of Lyra mutants suggesting that its origin is independent of any function Lyra might have in normal wing margin morphogenesis. In wing margin restorations the dorsal-ventral boundary is clearly delimited by trichomes and somewhat less rigorously shown by the margin bristles. Further, in these restorations ventral clones induce dorsal bristles, as well as ventral ones, and vice versa, indicating that the influence of Lyra is not restricted by the dorsal-ventral boundary.
Maresin-like Lipid Mediators Are Produced by Leukocytes and Platelets and Rescue Reparative Function of Diabetes-Impaired Macrophages

Nonhealing diabetic wounds are associated with impaired macrophage (Mf) function. Leukocytes and platelets (PLT) play crucial roles in wound healing by poorly understood mechanisms. Here we report the identification and characterization of the maresin-like(L) mediators 14,22-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic acids, 14S,22-diHDHA (maresin-L1), and 14R,22-diHDHA (maresin-L2) that are produced by leukocytes and PLT and involved in wound healing. We show that 12-lipoxygenase-initiated 14S-hydroxylation or cytochrome P450 catalyzed 14R-hydroxylation and P450-initiated ω(22)-hydroxylation are required for maresin-L biosynthesis. Maresin-L treatment restores reparative functions of diabetic Mfs, suggesting that maresin-Ls act as autocrine/paracrine factors responsible for, at least in part, the reparative functions of leukocytes and PLT in wounds. Additionally, maresin-L ameliorates Mf inflammatory activation and has the potential to suppress the chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds caused by activation of Mfs. These findings provide initial insights into maresin-L biosynthesis and mechanism of action and potentially offer a therapeutic option for better treatment of diabetic wounds.
The X-ray photoemission spectra of Nd(OH)3, Sm(OH)3, Eu(OH)3 and Gd(OH)3

Abstract Experimental XPS spectra of lanthanide trihydroxides (Ln(OH)3, where Ln is Nd, Sm, Eu or Gd) at Ln3+5p, 5s, 4d, 4p, 4s, and 3d and OH− 2σ, 3σ and 1π levels are reported. A process of computation obtained by combining Wendin's quasi-particle method and the Johansson-Martenssen method with first-order correction is employed in this work to explain the observed physical phenomena. The derived model implies that the spectral function of a long lifetime quasi-particle is a Gaussian function, locates the atomic orbital energy, corrects the variation in binding energy due to the correlation energy, calculates semi-empirically the dipole relaxation energy shift, and accounts for the atom-to-solid core level shift. Valence band XPS spectra, Ln3+ 4d, 4p, 4s, 3d and experimental and theoretical binding energies of Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+ in Ln(OH)3 are tabulated. It is conspicuous that the 4f and 5d orbital collapses are responsible for the interesting features of three giant Coster-Kronig fluctuations, 5 s 1 ⇌ 5 p 2md1 (m = 5, 6, 7, …), 4 p 1 ⇌ 4 d 2mf1 (m = 4, 5, 6, …) and 4 s 1 ⇌ 4 p 14 d 1mf1 (m = 4, 5, 6, …), and the “satellite complex” in the 3d core hole spectra.
A new method for assessing particle ingestion by phagocytic cells.

Abstract An isotopic method has been used to assess the in vitro ingestion of bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Phagocytic engulfment of bacteria labeled with 14 C-alanine or 14 C-2-thymidine was measured by counting the radioactivity they contained after a prescribed period of incubation. The method offers improved accuracy and greatly increases the number of experiments which can be performed by eliminating the need for a microscopic count.
A paleomagnetic polarity transition in the devonian columbus limestone of Ohio: A possible stratigraphic tool

A 40-m section, including the top 1 m of the Raisin River Dolomite, 31 m of the type section of the Columbus Limestone, and 7 m of the Delaware Limestone, was sampled at 15-cm intervals for paleomagnetic stratigraphy. The Raisin River Dolomite and the first meter of the Columbus Limestone were normally magnetized (position of the paleomagnetic pole: 24°N164°E, dp = 9.3°, dm = 11.3°). The next 16 m of the Columbus Limestone shows what the author interprets to be a transition zone from normal to reversely magnetized sediments. This is followed by 22 m of reversely magnetized sediments of the Columbus Limestone (position of the paleomagnetic pole: 45°N120°E, dp = 2.9°, dm = 1.6°) and 7 m of the Delaware Limestone (position of the paleomagnetic pole: 48°N118°E, dp = 4.0°, dm = 2.0°). Since the section might not represent sufficient time to average out secular variation, these pole positions may not represent the axial geocentric dipole. The reversal should be useful as a stratigraphic marker horizon. The transition zone should be useful for a detailed study of an Early Paleozoic reversal of the earth's magnetic field. Due to the low inclination values the reversal is best seen in the declinations.
A single-system interface using the IBM 3270-PC

Many businesses use a variety of terminal types connected to central host computers. Presented here is a rationale and the experience gained with a single terminal type-the IBM 3270-PC-interconnected with hosts via the Application Program Interface to achieve enhanced user efficiency.
Freshwater availability and water fetching distance affect child health in sub-Saharan Africa.

Currently, more than two-thirds of the population in Africa must leave their home to fetch water for drinking and domestic use. The time burden of water fetching has been suggested to influence the volume of water collected by households as well as time spent on income generating activities and child care. However, little is known about the potential health benefits of reducing water fetching distances. Data from almost 200 000 Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in 26 countries were used to assess the relationship between household walk time to water source and child health outcomes. To estimate the causal effect of decreased water fetching time on health, geographic variation in freshwater availability was employed as an instrumental variable for one-way walk time to water source in a two-stage regression model. Time spent walking to a household’s main water source was found to be a significant determinant of under-five child health. A 15-min decrease in one-way walk time to water source is assoc...
SCATTERING OF MICROWAVES FROM PLASMA SPACE-CHARGE WAVES NEAR THE HARMONICS OF THE ELECTRON GYROFREQUENCY.

An instability near the harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency has been observed by the method of combination scattering. The instability has been stimulated by a strong external microwave signal propagating along the magnetic field near the cyclotron resonance.
Convulsions elicited by handling: a sensitive method of measuring CNS excitation in mice treated with reserpine or convulsant drugs.

Mice treated with reserpine, picrotoxin or pentylenetetrazol showed convulsions on handling. These seizures closely resembled the previously described convulsions on handling in mice undergoing alcohol withdrawal reactions. The mildest form of the convulsion was tonic, in a characteristic posture, and was evoked by gently spinning the mouse by the tail. More severely affected mice showed clonic seizures when simply lifted by the tail. Reserpine-treated mice had no spontaneous seizures but convulsions could be repeatedly elicited by handling for about 24 h after a single dose. Mice treated with picrotoxin or pentylenetetrazole showed elicited convulsions at doses that were too low to cause spontaneous seizures or at times when the overt convulsant action had ceased. The number of mice showing elicited convulsions was dose-related. Strychnine treatment caused convulsions on handling only at near-lethal doses and then in only a few mice. Convulsions on handling may be useful as a simple empirical sign of CNS hyperactivity in mice.
Hemispheric laterality and cognitive style associated with transcendental meditation.

The hemispheres of the brain are thought to be specialized with respect to the manner in which they process information. In view of this it is possible to explore the way information is processed during the performance of a specified task by identifying the relative activity of the hemispheres. The hypothesis, that meditation is characterized by a gestalt, holistic and spacial cognitive style associated with the right hemisphere was tested. Sixteen Transcendental Meditators were compared to 16 control subjects with respect to the degree of lateral asymmetry during meditation-relaxation and the performance of two analytic and two spacial cognitive tasks. Lateral asymmetry was assessed by the relative distribution of alpha activity. The only difference between the two groups was that meditators showed a greater degree of lateral asymmetry on both analytical and spacial tasks. During both meditation and relaxation the hemispheres were found to be symmetrical with respect to the distribution of alpha activity, suggesting that neither analytical nor spacial processing was dominant during these exercises. DESCRIPTORS: Hemispheric laterality, Cognitive style, Transcendental meditation, EEG.
Biochemical and behavioral evidence for muscarinic autoreceptors in the CNS

Muscarinic autoreceptors of the M2 subclass were examined in rat forebrain using a number of different methodologies, including receptor autoradiography and image analysis, regulation of acetylcholine release, phosphoinositide turnover, low-Km GTP hydrolysis, and behavioral analysis. The relatively minor population of M2 receptors in coronal sections was visualized by autoradiography and image analysis using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate in the presence of a concentration of pirenzepine that blocked most of M1 (and M4) receptors. The highest densities of M2 receptors in forebrain regions were found in the outer layers of the cortex, CA1 region of the hippocampus and striatum. The M2-, but not M1-selective antagonists were able to block the oxotremorine-induced attenuation of acetylcholine release in forebrain synaptosomes. Low concentrations of the M2-selective antagonist gallamine increased phosphoinositide turnover, which is thought to be an M1 postsynaptic response in the forebrain, in brain slices by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. The M2-selective agonist oxotremorine produced a substantial stimulation of low-Km GTPase in cortical membranes, suggesting that M2 forebrain receptors are efficiently coupled to G-proteins in the cortex. Behavioral signs of cholinergic stimulation were observed after intracerebroventricular injections of M2-, but not M1-selective antagonists. It is suggested that a minor population of foregrain M2 receptors regulates acetylcholine release by a mechanism that includes coupling through G-proteins presynaptically at synapses for which the postsynaptic response involves phosphoinositide turnover. Selective blockade of these receptors produces both biochemical and behavioral signs of acetylcholine release.
First report of brown ring patch caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata on Poa trivialis in Florida.

Brown ring patch is a newly described disease of cool-season turfgrass first reported in Japan on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) (2) and later reported in California on annual bluegrass (Poa annua) (1). The disease is characterized by either patches or rings of discolored to blighted turfgrass that can range from a few centimeters to a meter in diameter. Affected turfgrass plants turn chlorotic and can be blighted from the crown to the leaf tips. Blight symptoms have been associated with fluffy white-to-cream aerial mycelium after extended incubation of the sample. Symptoms including patches of blighted turfgrass approximately 10 cm in diameter were observed on roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis) that had been overseeded onto a dormant 'Tifdwarf' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) putting green in Palatka, FL. A sample was submitted by the superintendent in June 2005 because symptoms were confused with dollar spot and a fungicide resistance issue was suspected. The sample produced abundant aerial mycelium after incubation. The pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar amended with rifampicin (100 ppm) and streptomycin (100 ppm) from Poa plants surface disinfested with 70% ethanol for 30 s. Colony and sclerotia morphology were consistent with Waitea circinata var. circinata as previously described (1,2). The teleomorph W. circinata var. circinata was not observed on plant material or culture plates. Amplified fragments of rDNA including internal transcribed spacers from the isolate were sequenced bidirectionally from four bacterial clones. The consensus sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ029103, FJ029104, FJ029105, and FJ029106) matched with 99% homology (99% sequence overlap) isolate TRGC1.1 of W. circinata var. circinata described by Wong, NCBI Accession No. DQ900586 (1). Pots of 'Cypress' roughstalk bluegrass that were 1 week postemergence were inoculated with the pathogen using 10 infested wheat grains. Plants were incubated at 25°C in a sealed plastic bag with a moist paper towel in the bottom. Hyphae grew from the grains and colonized the grass. Individual plants began to turn chlorotic within 3 days and greater than 90% of the turf in pots was dead after 1 week. The fungus was reisolated from affected plants. Control pots were inoculated with uninfested wheat grains and showed no disease symptoms after 1 week. Inoculations were repeated twice more with the same results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown ring patch on P. trivialis in Florida. References: (1) K. A. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (2) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.
Dentin sialoprotein isoforms: detection and characterization of a high molecular weight dentin sialoprotein

Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a glycoprotein accounting for 5-8% of the dentin non-collagenous proteins. The cDNA sequence predicts that rat DSP has 13 potential casein kinase phosphorylation sites and six potential N-linked glycosylation sites. However, its total phosphorylation level, as well as the nature and locations of the carbohydrate moieties, are unknown. Our findings in the present study show that rat DSP has 6.2 phosphates per molecule and that the majority of carbohydrates are attached to the protein through N-linked glycosylations. During our separation of dentin non-collagenous proteins with ion-exchange chromatography, we observed high molecular weight components eluting late in the salt gradient that were recognized by anti-DSP antibodies. We have purified these high molecular weight components using a monoclonal anti-DSP antibody affinity column. Data from amino acid analysis, phosphate level measurements and Edman degradation of tryptic peptides unequivocally proved that the very acidic, high molecular weight components are isoforms of DSP (designated HMW-DSP). Deglycosylation analysis indicates that the slower migration rate of HMW-DSP on SDS-PAGE results from its higher level of carbohydrate modifications.
Characterization of hydrazine-stimulated proteolysis in human erythrocytes.

Abstract The ability of hydrazine, acetylphenylhydrazine, methylhydrazine, and phenylhydrazine to stimulate proteolysis in red cells has been characterized. All four hydrazines effectively stimulated proteolysis in red cells and in hemolysate as evidenced by a two- to threefold increase in the rate of tyrosine release. The rate of tyrosine release varied linearly with time, increased with increasing concentration of hydrazine, and also increased as a function of hematocrit. The rank order for stimulation of proteolysis in red cells was phenylhydrazine > methylhydrazine > hydrazine⋍acetylphenylhydrazine. Inhibitors of glycolysis in red cells only minimally (13–27%) decreased the rate of tyrosine release stimulated by the different hydrazines. Agents which diminished electron transport decreased the rate of tyrosine release. NADP inhibited the rate of tyrosine release stimulated by hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and acetylphenylhydrazine by ∼36 to 41%; 2′-AMP was less effective. The rate of tyrosine release resulting from insult by the hydrazines was increased slightly by methylene blue, moderately inhibited (∼10 to 27%) by the chelator o-phenanthroline and inhibited ∼30 to 40% by N-ethylmaleimide. Use of an oxygen-depleted atmosphere (N2) increased slightly the rate of tyrosine release stimulated by the hydrazines; in contrast, carbon monoxide decreased proteolysis stimulated by hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and acetylphenylhydrazine by ∼50%. Although the antioxidants dimethylfuran, dimethylthiourea, and methylsulfoxide failed to diminish proteolysis stimulated by the hydrazines, N-acetylcysteine exerted a protective effect, decreasing hydrazine-stimulated tyrosine release in red cells ∼30 to 50%. Inclusion of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in the incubation failed to increase further the rate of hydrazine-stimulated proteolysis. These data suggest that more reactive free radicals generated from the hydrazine are responsible for protein damage, that damaged protein (hemoglobin) is degraded via proteolysis, and that an ATP-independent process primarily participates in the degradation of abnormal proteins in the red cell. Thus, proteolytic enzymes present in the erythrocyte appear to exert a protective effect against cellular damage through the removal of abnormal proteins generated as a consequence of xenobiotic insult. The ability of proteolytic enzymes to recognize and degrade abnormal proteins may be of importance in using protein (hemoglobin)-xenobiotic adducts to assess exposure to toxic agents (risk assessment).
New rigorous one-step MILP formulation for heat exchanger network synthesis

In this paper, a rigorous MILP formulation for grass-root design of heat exchanger networks is developed. The methodology does not rely on traditional supertargeting followed by network design steps typical of the Pinch Design Method, nor is a non-linear model based on superstructures, but rather gives cost-optimal solutions in one step. Unlike most models, it considers splitting, non-isothermal mixing and it counts shells/units. The model relies on transportation/transshipment concepts that are complemented with constraints that allow keeping track of flow rate consistency when splitting takes place and with mechanisms to count heat exchanger shells and units. Several examples from the literature were tested, finding that the model usually obtains better solutions. In some cases, the model produced unknown solutions that were not found using superstructure optimization methods, even when the same pattern of matches is used.
Elastic interaction of a crack with a microcrack array. I: Formulation of the problem and general form of the solution

Abstract Elastic interactions of a crack with an array of microcracks located near the tip is considered. The analysis is based on the potential representations (known also as representation of cracks by dislocations) and approximation of tractions on the microcracks by polynomials.
Exploring the Transfer of Learning from an Executive Development Program for Human Services Managers

Abstract Given the limited staff development resources in human service agencies and the estimate that only 10% of learning gained through training is transferred to on-the-job performance, the transfer of learning has become a critical issue. This article examines the transfer of learning process related to a human services executive development program. It is based on a program evaluation and case study that identified three important mechanisms for the transfer of learning: (1) supervisor support of participants before, during, and after the program, (2) opportunities to share program learning with others, and (3) agency-based projects that help participants apply the knowledge gained from the training program.
Valued Characteristics of Children in a Changing Social Environment

Social scientists believe that social change impacts individual as well as family value orientations. The current study uses data from the 1986 and 2000 General Social Survey to compare these years on the types of social factors affecting the selection of child autonomy relative to obedience. Results indicate that several individual and family factors predict the inclination for autonomy versus obedience, including religious affiliation, income, education, and race. However, no significant differences were found between the two years, indicating that social change alone does not affect value orientation. The discussion offers the implication of these findings to family practitioners, specifically focusing on the necessity of cultural sensitivity and respect in achieving optimum results.
Blood administration in helicopter emergency medical services patients associated with hypothermia.

Abstract Introduction The infusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the severely injured patient is not a new practice. It is a potentially lifesaving procedure although it is not without inherent risk. This practice in the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) has not been examined in the literature. We attempt to determine factors associated with hypothermia (ie, Methods This was a retrospective review using our trauma registry on all patients who arrived at our rural level 1 trauma center by HEMS from January 1, 2005, through June 30, 2009. Patient temperature on arrival was compared for patients with and without hypothermia transported by our HEMS service. Results During the study period, there were 707 HEMS transports by our service. Sixty (8.5%) were hypothermic, and 30 (4.2%) received PRBCs. There was a high likelihood of PRBC patients with hypothermia (odds ratio = 6.27; 95% confidence interval, 2.47–14.89; P Discussion HEMS trauma patients who have received blood are more likely to arrive hypothermic (ie,
A highly sensitive ISFET using pH-to-current conversion for real-time DNA sequencing

In this paper we present a new sensing concept for ISFET based on pH-to-current conversion. The high sensitivity of our proposed pH-to-current ISFET is achieved by optimally biased ISFET. Analytical models for ISFET sensitivity are used to determine its optimum bias point. Based on SPICE simulations, it is shown that for a minimum size N-type ISFET (W/L=2) using TSMC's 0.25um fabrication process, we can achieve the sensitivity of about 10uA of current change per unit change of pH. A test chip was designed and fabricated using TSMC's 0.25um technology to verify this novel concept. The test result verifies the pH-current sensing concept.
RTOG 94-06: is the addition of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy to dose-escalated 3D conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer associated with treatment toxicity?

Abstract Purpose This study determines the effect on toxicity of adding neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in RTOG 94-06. Methods Between August 1994 and February 2000, 583 eligible prostate cancer patients enrolled on the first 3 dose levels of RTOG 94-06, a Phase I/II dose escalation 3D-CRT trial. Two hundred and seven men initiated hormonal therapy (HT) between 2 to 3 months before 3D-CRT, and completed all HT no longer than 3 months after radiotherapy. Thirty-three patients receiving longer-duration HT were excluded. The 547 patients were treated at dose level I (68.4 Gy), level II (73.8 Gy), or level III (79.2 Gy). All dose prescriptions were to the minimum isodose surface encompassing the planning target volume (dose levels I and II) or the clinical target volume (dose level III). Men were stratified into three risk groups according to their relative risk of seminal vesicle invasion: 15% (Group 2), or to T stage (T1, 2 vs. T3 tumors [Group 3]). In Group 2 patients, there was a clinical target volume reduction to treat only the prostate after delivery of 55.8 Gy to a planning target volume including the seminal vesicles. All HT consisted of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist with or without a nonsteroidal anti-androgen. Results On univariate analysis, NHT significantly increased the likelihood of Grade 2 acute genitourinary (GU) complications (22% to 32%, p = 0.009). Hormonal therapy did not have a significant univariate effect on any other acute or late toxicity. On multivariate analysis, the percent of the bladder (≤30% vs. >30%) receiving ≥ the reference dose (68.4 Gy, 73.8 Gy, or 79.2 Gy) ( p = 0.0009, relative risk = 2.07, confidence interval: 1.88–2.28) was a significant predictor of acute GU effects. Although NHT was not significant in itself, in the multivariate analysis its interaction with baseline urinary status was an important factor ( p = 0.011, relative risk = 4.31, confidence interval: 1.68–5.29). Conclusion Neoadjuvant HT did not show an independent effect on the risk of side effects after 3D-CRT in patients treated on RTOG 94-06. However, this combined modality therapy significantly increased the risk of acute GU effects compared to 3D-CRT alone in men with poor baseline urinary function.
Big R: Large-Scale Analytics on Hadoop Using R

As the volume of available data continues to rapidly grow from a variety of sources, scalable and performant analytics solutions have become an essential tool to enhance business productivity and revenue. Existing data analysis environments, such as R, are constrained by the size of the main memory and cannot scale in many applications. This paper introduces Big R, a new platform which enables accessing, manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing data residing on a Hadoop cluster from the R user interface. Big R is inspired by R semantics and overloads a number of R primitives to support big data. Hence, users will be able to quickly prototype big data analytics routines without the need of learning a new programming paradigm. The current Big R implementation works on two main fronts: (1) data exploration, which enables R as a query language for Hadoop and (2) partitioned execution, allowing the execution of any R function on smaller pieces of a large dataset across the nodes in the cluster.
Bioethics as a second-order discipline: Who is not a bioethicist?

A dispute exists about whether bioethics should become a new discipline with its own methods, competency standards, duties, honored texts, and core curriculum. Unique expertise is a necessary condition for disciplines. Using the current literature, different views about the sort of expertise that might be unique to bioethicists are critically examined to determine if there is an expertise that might meet this requirement. Candidates include analyses of expertise based in "philosophical ethics," "casuistry," "atheoretical or situation ethics," "conventionalist relativism," "institutional guidance," "regulatory guidance and compliance," "political advocacy," "functionalism," and "principlism." None succeed in identifying a unique area of expertise for successful bioethicists that could serve as a basis for making it a new discipline. Rather expertise in bioethics is rooted in many professions, disciplines and fields and best understood as a second-order discipline.
Stochastic and Intransitive Behavior in a State‐Preference Model of Asset Choice*

Most models of investor behavior assume a time-state independent utility function and result in a deterministic solution where a given set of inputs uniquely specifies the decision. In contrast, a state preference model using a time-state dependent utility function is derived in this paper. The model allows the investment choice decision to be analyzed in a game theoretic context. The general solution is a mixed strategy which allows for a probabilistic interpretation of the decision. The approach presented in this paper can accommodate anomalies such as intransitivity of preference and satisficing as rational behavior. An example of a possible implementation is given along with interpretations of the outcomes.
New class of singlet superconductors which break the time reversal and parity.

A class of singlet superconductors with a gap function {Delta}({bold k},{omega}{sub {ital n}}) which is {ital odd} in both momentum and Matsubara frequency is considered. Some of the physical properties of this superconductivity are discussed and it is argued that in many cases there is no gap in the quasiparticle spectrum and these superconductors will exhibit a Meissner effect.
Thermal Changes Produced in Tissues by Local Applications of Radiothermy

SummaryIt is apparent that errors in the measurement of temperature, due to the presence of a metallic needle (thermocouple, without leads) in tissue during exposure of that tissue to a high frequency electric field are greater when the time of exposure is short and when the intensity of the electric field is low. The relationship of the heat produced in deep-lying tissues to the heat produced in superficial tissues is dependent on the distance at which the condenser plates are placed with respect to the locations of the tissues. This fact is of importance in the therapeutic uses of high frequency fields (radiotherms). When a considerable air space separates these plates from the surface of the tissue, the change in temperature produced in the deep-lying intra-articular tissue is greater than that produced in the subcutaneous tissue. The converse relationship maintains when the plates are placed close to the surface of the tissue. This dielectric layer effect is superimposed or any specific heating due to...
Increasing Convergence Between U.S. and International Securitized Property Markets: Evidence Based on Cointegration Tests

This article examines the degree of interdependence among the securitized property markets of six major countries and the United States. Long-run results indicate that, over a period beginning January 1990 and ending August 2007, the property markets of Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States are tied together, implying that from the perspective of the U.S. investor the markets of the Netherlands and France provide the greater diversification benefits. Further, the United States and Japan are found to be the sources of the common trends, suggesting that the two larger property markets lead the five (cointegrated) markets toward the long-run equilibrium relationships.
In-Home Cognitive Behavior Therapy for a Depressed Mother in a Home Visitation Program:

Depression is frequently observed among young mothers who are low income who participate in home visitation programs that are focused on optimizing child development. Maternal depression can undermine such prevention programs, and mothers are faced with significant barriers to obtaining concurrent effective mental health treatment. This case study describes In-Home Cognitive Behavior Therapy (IH-CBT), an adapted treatment for depressed mothers in home visitation. IH-CBT provides an empirically based treatment in the home setting that is tightly integrated with ongoing home visitation. The treated mother presented with major depressive disorder in the postpartum period and poor attachment with her baby. After 15 sessions of IH-CBT, provided in conjunction with home visitation, significant improvement occurred in mood, self-sufficiency, and her relationship with her baby.
Friction and wear behavior of alumina-based ceramics in dry and lubricated sliding against tool steel☆

Abstract The friction and wear behaviors of five different grades of alumina ceramics sliding against a tool steel surface were studied for both the dry and the water-lubricated conditions. Sliding experiments were performed in a block-on-ring configuration. The tribological behavior was studied with respect to the composition of alumina and the changes in normal load and sliding speed. It was found that in dry sliding the wear resistance of pure alumina was the best and it decreased with the addition of silicate glassy phase and/or zirconia to alumina. There was a linear increase in wear resistance with increasing hardness but no such correlation was found between wear and fracture toughness. In sliding under water-lubricated conditions, the coefficient of friction and wear rates of alumina were considerably reduced. The tribological behavior of alumina in the presence of water was affected by corrosive damage. These factors together with the transfer of material between sliding surfaces were verified by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of the worn surfaces.
The Hazards of Interaction: When Isolation Benefits Performance

People interact, constantly, and interaction is central to organizational theory and strategic management. Here we focus on one kind: dyadic interactions that may bring one individual to adopt the ...
Problems and issues in laser-arc hybrid welding

Abstract Hybrid welding, using the combination of a laser and an electrical arc, is designed to overcome problems commonly encountered during either laser or arc welding such as cracking, brittle phase formation and porosity. When placed in close contact with each other, the two heat sources interact in such a way as to produce a single high intensity energy source. This synergistic interaction of the two heat sources has been shown to alleviate problems commonly encountered in each individual welding process. Hybrid welding allows increased gap tolerances, as compared to laser welding, while retaining the high weld speed and penetration necessary for the efficient welding of thicker workpieces. A number of simultaneously occurring physical processes have been identified as contributing to these unique properties obtained during hybrid welding. However, the physical understanding of these interactions is still evolving. This review critically analyses the recent advances in the fundamental understa...
Pedigrees of 30 families with Alzheimer disease: Associations with defective organization of microfilaments and microtubules

A study of 30 families located through a proband with Alzheimer disease discovered highly significant excesses of Down syndrome and immunocytic cancer. A genetic disorder of immune function mediated by microtubules and microfilaments is suggested by the data. The pedigrees of the Alzheimer families are presented.
Co-evolution of robotic behaviors

One approach to the design of intelligent autonomous robots is through evolutionary computation. In this approach, the robot’s behavior is evolved through a process of simulated evolution, applying the Darwinian principles of survival-of-the-fittest and inheritance-with-variation to the development of the robot’s control programs. In previous studies, we illustrated this approach on problems of learning individual behaviors for autonomous mobile robots. Our previous work has focused on tasks which were reasonably complex, but which required only a single behavior. In order to scale this approach to more realistic scenarios, we now consider methods for evolving complex sets of tasks. Our approach has been to extend the basic evolutionary learning method to encompasses co-evolution, that is, the simultaneously evolution of multiple behaviors. This paper addresses alternative designs within this basic paradigm. Specifically, we focus on dependencies among the learning agents, that is, what a given learning agent needs to know about other agents in the system. By using domain knowledge, it is possible to reduce or eliminate interactions among the agents, thereby reducing the effort required to co-evolve these agents as well as reducing the impediments to learning caused by these interactions.
An integral test of several fission cross-sections in the neutron spectrum produced by 7-MeV deuterons incident on a thick Be-metal target

Integral neutron-fission cross-section ratios have been measured for 232Th235U, 237Np235U, 238U235U, 237Np238U, 232Th237Np, 236U235U, 239Pu235U, 233U235U, 234U235U, 234U238U and 236U238U in the continuum neutron spectrum produced by bombardment of a thick Be-metal target with 7-MeV deuterons. A consistent set of fission cross-section relative to 235U was obtained and compared with calculated values based on the representation of the neutron spectrum derived from time-of-flight measurements and the ENDF/B-V and JENDL-2 evaluations of the differential cross-sections. It was found that the results are relatively insensitive to small changes in the representation of the neutron spectrum. The calculated and experimental values for most of the isotopes are consistent within the experimental error, but for 234U and 236U the calculated cross-sections are high by 6–7% which suggests that a re-normalization of these cross-sections may be needed in the 1–6 MeV region.
Scale invariance and universality in economic phenomena

This paper discusses some of the similarities between work being done by economists and by computational physicists seeking to contribute to economics. We also mention some of the differences in the approaches taken and seek to justify these different approaches by developing the argument that by approaching the same problem from different points of view, new results might emerge. In particular, we review two such new results. Specifically, we discuss the two newly discovered scaling results that appear to be `universal', in the sense that they hold for widely different economies as well as for different time periods: (i) the fluctuation of price changes of any stock market is characterized by a probability density function, which is a simple power law with exponent -4 extending over 102 standard deviations (a factor of 108 on the y-axis); this result is analogous to the Gutenberg-Richter power law describing the histogram of earthquakes of a given strength; (ii) for a wide range of economic organizations, the histogram that shows how size of organization is inversely correlated to fluctuations in size with an exponent ≈0.2. Neither of these two new empirical laws has a firm theoretical foundation. We also discuss results that are reminiscent of phase transitions in spin systems, where the divergent behaviour of the response function at the critical point (zero magnetic field) leads to large fluctuations. We discuss a curious `symmetry breaking' for values of Σ above a certain threshold value Σc; here Σ is defined to be the local first moment of the probability distribution of demand Ω - the difference between the number of shares traded in buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades. This feature is qualitatively identical to the behaviour of the probability density of the magnetization for fixed values of the inverse temperature.
Three-dimensional reconstruction in nuclear medicine emission imaging

The study presents application of methods of ascertaining the three-dimensional distribution of isotope concentration or density in nuclear medicine, and differs from previous three-dimensional reconstruction efforts of astrophysics, electron microscopy, and X-ray radiology in that statistically poor measurements and photon attenuation are taken into account by the algorithm. The methods discussed are applicable to photon or heavy ion transmission radiography as well as emission imaging.
Transient rheology of a polyethylene melt under shear.

Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation, we have studied the response of a C100 model polymer melt to a step change from equilibrium to a constant, high shear rate flow. The transient shear stress of the model polymer melt exhibits pronounced overshoot at the strain value predicted by the reptation model, in striking similarity to melts of longer, entangled polymer governed by reptation motion. At the maximum of shear stress overshoot, the molecular orientational order and the alignment angle are found to be midway between those characteristic of Newtonian flow and full alignment with the flow. The Doi-Edwards theory is found to be applicable but only by taking into account the shear-rate-dependence of the terminal relaxation time. We further analyze the molecular origins of such behavior in short polymer chains by decomposing the total stress into the contributions from various molecular interactions. @S1063-651X~99!08911-4# PACS number~s!: 83.20.Jp, 83.20.Di, 83.20.Fk, 83.50.By The rheological properties of a liquid of short, unentangled polymer chains at high shear rate are still not well understood. Experimental data are unavailable because of the difficulty of reaching the nonlinear viscoelastic regime in shear rate for short-chain systems. On the theoretical side, a successful theory of the rheological properties of short-chain polymers in the nonlinear regime has not been developed. The Rouse model is generally considered to provide a good description of the linear-response dynamics of short-chain polymeric systems in the liquid state @1#. This is substantiated by a large body of experimental work and molecular simulation results. Recent computer simulation studies sug
Accelerated testing for cosmic soft-error rate

This paper describes the experimental techniques which have been developed at IBM to determine the sensitivity of electronic circuits to cosmic rays at sea level. It relates IBM circuit design and modeling, chip manufacture with process variations, and chip testing for SER sensitivity. This vertical integration from design to final test and with feedback to design allows a complete picture of LSI sensitivity to cosmic rays. Since advanced computers are designed with LSI chips long before the chips have been fabricated, and the system architecture is fully formed before the first chips are functional, it is essential to establish the chip reliability as early as possible. This paper establishes techniques to test chips that are only partly functional (e.g., only 1Mb of a 16Mb memory may be working) and can establish chip soft-error upset rates before final chip manufacturing begins. Simple relationships derived from measurement of more than 80 different chips manufactured over 20 years allow total cosmic soft-error rate (SER) to be estimated after only limited testing. Comparisons between these accelerated test results and similar tests determined by ``field testing`` (which may require a year or more of testing after manufacturing begins) show that the experimental techniques are accuratemore » to a factor of 2.« less
Modulation of natural killer cell function by human alveolar macrophages

Abstract Lymphocyte natural killer (NK) activity appears to be important in resistance against viral infection and malignancy. Since pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) derived from nonsmokers suppress NK activity in vitro, we asked if PAM derived from smokers modulated NK activity in a similar fashion. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BLC) were obtained from healthy nonsmokers and healthy smokers by bronchoalveolar lavage. Increasing numbers of BLC were cocultured with a fixed ratio of monocyte-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and Cr 51 -labeled K562 tumor target cells (PBL:K562, ratio 25:1; BLC:PBL ratios ranging from 0.02:1 to 1:1). Increasing numbers of BLC progressively suppressed the ability of either autologous or homologous PBL to lyse tumor targets. Smoker and nonsmoker BLC inhibited NK activity of homologous lymphocytes with similar potency. Suppression of NK activity by BLC was not reversed by the addition of indomethacin or catalase to cell cultures. Furthermore, suppression could not be reproduced by performing cytotoxicity assays in the presence of BLC culture supernatants. Lymphocytes boosted to high levels of NK activity by preincubation with α-interferon or interleukin-2 were still susceptible to suppression by BLC. Thus, PAM derived from smokers efficiently suppress lymphocyte NK activity, and the degree of suppression increases as the ratio of PAM to lymphocytes increases. Since smoking causes a bronchoalveolar accumulation of PAM, these inhibitory cells may result in profound local suppression of NK activity in smoker's lungs.
Higher pyrimidine dimer yields in skin of normal humans with higher UVB sensitivity

We have measured UVB (280-320 nm)-induced DNA damage in skin of individuals with different sensitivities to UVB irradiation as measured by minimal erythema dose (MED). The DNA damage was susceptible to cleavage by Micrococcus luteus UV endonuclease, which recognizes pyrimidine dimers in DNA. An alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis method was used to quantitate the number of M. luteus UV endonuclease-sensitive sites in nonradioactive DNA from skin biopsies of 7 individuals irradiated with UVB (0-180 mJ X cm-2). The production of sites correlated well with MED (correlation coefficient = 0.78). The slope of the dose response curve for the most UVB-sensitive individual (MED = 24 mJ X cm-2) and for the least UVB-sensitive individual (MED = 146 mJ X cm-2) were 11.5 X 10(-4) and 2.6 X 10(-4) sites per 1000 bases per mJ X cm-2, respectively. The UVB-induced DNA damage was determined to be pyrimidine dimers by its susceptibility to cleavage by M. luteus UV endonuclease and its photoreactivability by Escherichia coli photoreactivating enzyme.
Electron-tube heat-transfer data

The heat-dissipating characteristics, as well as electronic characteristics, determine the successful operation of an electron tube. The tube designer, by means of thermal circuits, can evaluate thermal resistances, determine operating temperatures, and find the heat losses, so that he can provide for adequate ventilation.
Parallelizing the construction of indirect access arrays for shared‐memory machines

A way has been found to form indirect addressing lists in parallel on shared-memory parallel machines. The maximum possible speed-up for typical tetrahedral grids is approximately 1:23. The algorithm requires an additional scratch array to shift from the serial 'elements surrounding points' to the parallel 'elements surrounding processors surrounding points' paradigm. The algorithm developed is general in nature, i.e. applicable to all indirect addressing lists. All numerical methods requiring the construction of indirect data structures, such as sparse matrix linear algebra procedures, field and particle solvers operating on unstructured grids, and network flow applications should see a benefit from this algorithm when running on shared-memory parallel machines.