cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Morbidity in Women Versus Men With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) constitute up to 30% to 50% of patients with HF, and HF-PEF affects women more often than men. Not much is known about the role of gender in the clinical presentation, symptoms, or disease severity of HF-PEF or about the contribution of these differences to gender differences in morbidity and mortality in patients with HF-PEF. This study examined gender differences in clinical presentation, hospitalization, and mortality in patients with HF-PEF (ejection fraction > or = 50%) enrolled in the ancillary arm of the Digitalis Investigation Group trial. Time-to-event analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards modeling. The study cohort included 719 patients (378 men, 341 women). At baseline, compared with men, women were older and had greater clinical severity of HF, as evidenced by worse New York Heart Association functional class, more frequent symptoms and signs of HF, and more treatment with diuretics. Ischemia was identified as the primary cause of HF in 46% of women and 56% of men (p = 0.01). During a median follow-up of 39 months, crude mortality was similar in women and men (24.6% and 24.3%, p = 0.93), but more women were hospitalized for HF (26.7% vs 15.9%, p <0.001). After adjustment for baseline differences, female gender was an independent predictor of lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.82), but HF hospitalization rates were similar between men and women (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.53). In conclusion, although the clinical manifestations of HF appear to be more severe in women with HF-PEF, after adjustment for baseline clinical differences, HF hospitalizations are not increased and survival expectancy is better for women compared with men.
Iberian foodways in the Moquegua and Torata Valleys of Southern Peru

Spanish settlement of the southern Peruvian coastal river valleys and the introduction of new agricultural and industrial enterprises such as wineries and livestock haciendas altered indigenous systems of production and subsistence. A unique pattern of Spanish colonial animal use emerged as a result of introductions of Old World domesticates in combination with the faunal resources of the Central Andes. Zooarchaeological data from four Spanish colonial wineries from the Moquegua valley and the late prehistoric/colonial site of Torata Alta indicate that colonial economy and subsistence combined Old World domestic mammals and South American camelids—llamas, alpacas. In comparison to Spanish settlement in Florida and the Caribbean, the pattern of animal use that developed in the south Central Andes reflects little reliance on local resources. Colonial Andean foodways more closely parallel those of the Iberian peninsula than other areas of Spanish settlement.
Preparation of Sapphire for High Quality III-Nitride Growth

We developed a unique preparation technique to eliminate surface damage on the c-plane of sapphire and render it atomically flat. AFM images of c-plane sapphire annealed at 1380 °C for 1hour show terrace-like features with about 0.2 μm long terraces. The GaN layers grown by MBE on annealed sapphire have [0 0 2] symmetric and [1 0 4] asymmetric full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 60 and 132 arcsec, respectively. This compares with 408 and 600 arcsec, respectively, for GaN grown on sapphire having gone through conventional chemical cleaning.
This is Not an Intellectual Exercise

This short article describes the various nuances involved with Internet search engines (Google in particular) and their use of sponsored links, where sponsored link advertisers bid on or purchase key words from a search engine such as Google, some of these words being trademarks owned by other persons. Further explained are the court decisions that have resulted from this conflict, and the implications involved as a result of these decisions.
Numerical Study of 3D E↵ects on Dispersed Monopropellant Slug Formation at a Micro-Scale Cross Junction

Gas and liquid converging at a microchannel cross junction results in the formation of periodic, dispersed microslugs. This microslug formation phenomena has been proposed as the basis for a fuel injection system in a novel, discrete monopropellant microthruster design for use in next-generation miniaturized satellites. Experimental work by McCabe et al. 1 demonstrated the ability to generate fuel slugs with characteristics commensurate with the intended application. In this study, a computational model of the microchannel junction is used to investigate the e↵ects of channel depth on the formation process and characteristics of fuel slugs. The simulations show the relative slug volume and detachment location increase with channel depth. Over the range of depths studied, the relative slug volume increased by up to 20% and the detachment location increased by 10 channel widths. These results demonstrate the impact of 3D e↵ects on the ability of the system to throttle the fuel flow rate to a level necessary for low thrust applications, which will have ramifications on the design and manufacture of the microthruster system.
Incomplete mourning, betrayal, and revenge in The Prince of Tides: Erotic countertransference in the cinema

The Prince of Tidesis the characterological study of and interaction between two families, that of Savannah, the patient and Dr. Susan Lowenstein, the psychiatrist. In order to treat Savannah, recovering from a suicide attempt, fraternal twin Tom (Savannah's memory) comes to New York to assist in his sister's treatment. Tom becomes the patient relating the family dynamics in six cinematic flashbacks. These show the parental disharmony, Tom's strong Oedipal attachment, maternal betrayal and Tom's wish for revenge, his incomplete mourning for his older brother Luke, and its effects on his life. The relationship between Susan, her husband and son, Bernard, and how each interacts with Tom is also described. Susan's erotic countertransference is analyzed, and the role of the woman therapist in the cinema discussed.
Der neue 2,0-l-TDI-Motor von Volkswagen für niedrigste Abgasgrenzwerte — Teil 1

Der bereits in Europa in den Fahrzeugen VW Tiguan und Audi A4 eingefuhrte Common-Rail-Motor wird nach Weiterentwicklung im VW Jetta ab Mitte 2008 in den USA die weltweit strengsten Abgasgrenzwerte der Emissionsgesetzgebung Tier 2 Bin5 erfullen. Neben innermotorischen Masnahmen durch Optimierung des Einspritzsystems, der Realisierung eines Niederdruck-Abgasruckfuhrungs-Systems und einer neuartigen Zylinderdruckregelung ist als technische Besonderheit die Umsetzung eines NOx-Abgasnachbehandlungssystems zu nennen. Diese neuen Motorkomponenten erfordern die Entwicklung neuartiger Regelalgorithmen und die intensive Abstimmung der Parameter fur das vollig neue Brennverfahren.
Management of thoracic empyema in childhood: A study of 160 cases

A total of 160 cases of thoracic empyema admitted to our clinic between September 1988 and March 1994 have been analyzed retrospectively. There were 83 males and 77 females whose ages ranged from 25 days to 13 years. Cough (82%), fever (81%), and dyspnea (70%) were the most common presenting symptoms followed by chest pain, abdominal pain, and cyanosis. The preadmission history was often long (average 14 days). Following admission antibiotic therapy was initiated by parenteral administration of sulbactam-ampicillin, amikacin or netilmicin, and ornidazole or clindamycin and modified with vancomycin or piperracillin on the basis of culture and sensitivity reports. Fifty-four of 156 aerobic and 2 of 28 anaerobic cultures were positive.Staphylococcus aureus was the most common (57%) micro-organism isolated followed byPseudomonas aeroginosa andStreptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, 5 of 11Haemophilus influenzae latex-agglutination tests were positive. Two patients with pneumatocele formation received antibiotics as the only therapy. In the remaining patients, in addition to antibiotics treatment modalities included tube drainage (n = 111), decortication (n = 39), decortication with lobectomy or segmentectomy (n = 6), and pneumonectomy (n = 2). The overall mortality was 5%. Our results show that appropriate antibiotics and tube drainage provided effective control of childhood thoracic empyema, although in patients with serious respiratory distress and poor response to tube drainage, operative intervention is required.
Energy Exchange Measurements with a Longitudinally Oscillating Flow and a Vertically Oscillating Wing

Measurements of the time rate of energy exchange between a two-dimensional wing and the freestream flow were obtained during static and dynamic maneuvers. The change in the freestream speed in a wind tunnel is used as an indirect method for determining the time rate of energy exchange. A static calibration is first obtained by measuring the reduced freestream speed while changing the angle of attack of the wing from α = 0 o to 20 o . Two dynamic cases were examined, a vertically oscillating (plunging) maneuver with the wing at a fixed angle of attack, and a stationary wing with an oscillating freestream. The measured time rate of energy transfer and the period-averaged energy from flow to the wing is compared to resulting change in freestream speed. The static calibration of the change in flow speed to the rate of energy exchange is ineffective at predicting the change in energy during the dynamic cases. Although qualitative agreement between velocity time series and the time rate of energy change are observed.
Reduction in N2 Fixation by Soybean in Response to Insect-Induced Defoliation

Nitrogen-fixing ability (measured by C2H2–C2H4 assay) of greenhouse-grown, vegetative soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, decreased linearly in response to increased levels of defoliation by the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Acetylene reduction rate of control plants was 5-fold greater than that of plants with 77% defoliation. This decrease was the result of reduced number, weight, and efficiency (nodule-specific activity) of nodules. Nodule-specific activity was unaffected by defoliation of <47%, but decreased sharply as defoliation exceeded 47%.
Study on Extraction, Separation and Purification of Free Cholesterol in Food Contained Egg by Supercritical Fluid

Two separation methods of cholesterol were compared in food contained egg: one was conventional Soxhlet method; the other was supercritical carbon dioxide extraction(338 bar,40℃) along with solid phase separation( a solid phase collector was joined with ODS static phase). Egg noodles, biscuits and sweetmeat were equably mixed, and then was added in the internal standard and anhydrous Na2SO4. One part of evey sample was separated by SFE-SPE method, and the remainder was done against benzinum purificatum by conventional method. After Soxhlet separation, the further purification was made by SPE. Dissocia- tive cholesterol can be determined in the Soxhlet-SPE and SFE-SPE separation (with capillary gas chromatography). The same result was gained by two separation methods. However, the continuous SFE-SPE was a substitute for Soxhlet method, for with many important assets such as short analysis time and a few solvent needed.
Low-temperature incubation using a water supply

Cell and tissue culture has been concerned primarily with homiothermic vertebrate cells which require incubation at about 37 C, and there is a great variety of incubators designed to maintain temperatures which are usually above ambient. The culture of poikilothermic vertebrate cells-and invertebrate, plant, and some microbial cells-can often be carried out at ambient temperatures, but for some work cooler conditions must be provided. Variety among the so-called low-temperature incubators is somewhat restricted; there are no small units, and all require a power source to maintain temperatures below ambient. We have used a gravity-fed water supply for 5 years to provide trouble-free, constant, low-temperature incubation of stock cultures of fish and amphibian cells. Though it is but a small part of our low-temperature incubator capacity, it has no power requirements and it provides maximal protection against temperature rises which could be lethal to some of the cell lines. Though the system has limitations, there is a considerable likelihood that the domestic water supply in other laboratories can also be used to provide low-temperature incubation. In principle, running water is used to absorb heat from around the incubating chamber. Our needs have been met by a 2-ft (61-cm) length of 8-inch (20.3-cm) plastic cylinder of 18-inch (0.32 cm) thickness. The chamber is large enough to accomodate an 80-tube rack (Fig. 1). One end is permanently sealed with a 10-inch (25.4cm) square plate of }S-inch (0.64-cm) plastic. A similar plate with an 8-inch opening is cemented near the other end of the cylinder. The plates serve as supports, prevent rolling, and keep the chamber above water. The chamber opening is covered with a stretched rubber dam which is held in place, like a drum head, by several large rubber bands. A clear, perforated plastic bag containing several hundred grams of silica gel with indicator is placed in the chamber with the cultures to absorb moisture. For use, the chamber is simply placed beneath an inverted aquarium over which water is allowed to run. This system has provided us with a dependable, simple, but admittedly small, low-temperature incubator. There are no thermostats to malfunction, and little short of fire or a natural catastrophe will be likely to alter the temperature. Of course, greater space and convenience could be achieved by running the water through a conventional water-jacketed incubator. The principal limitation is the inability to regulate temperature below that of the water. To a limited degree, temperatures can be raised by regulating water flow. Domestic water supplies commonly have temperatures suitable for lowtemperature incubation; moreover, the amplitude of variation is generally not great. A survey of over 444 municipal supplies (Anonymous, J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 49:553, 1957) shows that more than 75% had a July temperature of 25 C or less, and the mean was 20 C. The January values give a mean of 8 C. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine which water supplies, like ours, had a constant temperature.
Comparing Weight-for-Length Status of Young Children in Two Infant Feeding Programs

Objectives A cross-sectional study comparing weight-for-length status of children 6–24 months old who participated in Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) or Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Methods Secondary analysis of NFP (n = 44,980) and WIC (n = 31,294) national datasets was conducted to evaluate infant and toddler growth trajectories. Weight-for-length status was calculated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months based on World Health Organization criteria. Demographics and breastfeeding rates were also evaluated. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for high weight-for-length (≥97.7 percentile) at each time point. Results At 6 months, approximately 10 % of WIC and NFP children were classified as high weight-for-length. High weight-for-length rates increased for both groups similarly until 24 months. At 24 months, NFP children had significantly lower rates of excess weight (P = 0.03) than WIC children, 15.5 and 17.5 % respectively. At all time points, non-Hispanic white children had lower rates of high–weight for length than Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children. NFP infants were also found to have higher rates of ever being breastfed than WIC infants (P < 0.0001). Conclusions for Practice Infant and toddler populations served by NFP or WIC were found to be at increased risk for high weight-for-length. This study found NFP participation was associated with a small, but significant, protective impact on weight-for-length status at 24 months. Continued efforts need to be made in addressing weight-related racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities during early childhood.
High Specificity in Circulating Tumor Cell Identification Is Required for Accurate Evaluation of Programmed Death-Ligand 1

Background Expression of programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is typically evaluated through invasive biopsies; however, recent advances in the identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be a less invasive method to assay tumor cells for these purposes. These liquid biopsies rely on accurate identification of CTCs from the diverse populations in the blood, where some tumor cells share characteristics with normal blood cells. While many blood cells can be excluded by their high expression of CD45, neutrophils and other immature myeloid subsets have low to absent expression of CD45 and also express PD-L1. Furthermore, cytokeratin is typically used to identify CTCs, but neutrophils may stain non-specifically for intracellular antibodies, including cytokeratin, thus preventing accurate evaluation of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. This holds even greater significance when evaluating PD-L1 in epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) positive and EpCAM negative CTCs (as in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)).
Human-Robot Teaming in Urban Search and Rescue

Although current urban search and rescue (USAR) robots are little more than remotely controlled cameras, the end goal is for them to work alongside humans as trusted teammates. Natural language communications and performance data are collected as a team of humans works to carry out a simulated search and rescue task in an uncertain virtual environment. Conditions are tested emulating a remotely controlled robot versus an intelligent one. Differences in performance, situation awareness (SA), trust, and workload are measured. The Intelligent robot condition resulted in higher levels of performance and operator SA.
Iterative image reconstruction with variable resolution in CT

For some applications in computed tomography (CT), precise knowledge of the subject within a particular region of interest (ROI) is often desired, while rough (or little) knowledge outside the ROI is sufficient. Therefore, it is of practical merit to develop iterative algorithms for reconstructing a high-resolution ROI image while yielding a coarse image outside the ROI. Conventional iterative algorithms can only yield image values on the entire array of discrete grids. In this work, we investigate and develop an iterative algorithm for image reconstruction with variable spatial resolution. Our results show that the proposed approach can yield ROI images of high resolution.
Systematic review of social media interventions for smoking cessation.

Abstract Background Popular social media could extend the reach of smoking cessation efforts. In this systematic review, our objectives were: 1) to determine whether social media interventions for smoking cessation are feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective; 2) to identify approaches for recruiting subjects; and 3) to examine the specific intervention design components and strategies employed to promote user engagement and retention. Methods We searched Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science through July 2016 and reference lists of relevant articles. Included studies described social media interventions for smoking cessation and must have reported outcomes related to feasibility, acceptability, usability, or smoking-related outcomes. Results We identified 7 studies (all were published since 2014) that enrolled 9755 participants (median = 136 [range 40 to 9042]). Studies mainly used Facebook ( n = 4) or Twitter ( n = 2), and emerged as feasible and acceptable. Five studies reported smoking-related outcomes such as greater abstinence, reduction in relapse, and an increase in quit attempts. Most studies ( n = 6) recruited participants using online or Facebook advertisements. Tailored content, targeted reminders, and moderated discussions were used to promote participant engagement. Three studies found that active participation through posting comments or liking content may be associated with improved outcomes. Retention ranged from 35% to 84% (median = 70%) across the included studies. Conclusions Our review highlights the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of social media interventions for smoking cessation. Future research should continue to explore approaches for promoting user engagement and retention, and whether sustained engagement translates to clinically meaningful smoking cessation outcomes.
DD82: Schwärmende Intelligenz in Gruppen (Januar 2009)

Fur den Fall, dass es in einer Gruppe keinen Chef gibt, soll eine Gruppe als Ganzes angeblich mehr wissen als ein Einzelner. Das ist wohl eine Schwarmintelligenz. Die hilft gut, wenn kein Einzelner wirklich Ahnung hat, aber statistisch im Mittel die richtige Ahnung entsteht, indem sich die einzelnen Denkfehler insgesamt ausgleichen. Es kann eine „gesunde Volksmeinung“ herauskommen. Im Vertrauen auf dieses Phanomen des Ausgleichs zum Guten setzen sich oft Gruppen in volliger Ahnungslosigkeit zusammen. Unvorbereitet naturlich, aber mit festen Vorstellungen.
Pluralistic ignorance about student radicalism.

A survey study of student attitudes revealed a "radical bias" in the estimation of other students' opinions on various issues. There was a significant tendency for students to overestimate the degree to which other students endorsed the radical position. The results contradict earlier research which found underestimation-, rather than overestimation, of the extent to which others hold opinions that exemplify presumably predominant values. This study also revealed an "assimilation bias," a tendency to presume more similarity between the norm and one's own position than actually existed. A one-year-later replication with a new population found an increased occurrence of radical bias, attributable to the fact that the presumed attitudinal climate was far more radical than in the previous year, while the actual extent of "true" radicalism had remained unchanged.
Model observer for assessing digital breast tomosynthesis for multi-lesion detection in the presence of anatomical noise

Model observers are widely used in task-based assessments of medical image quality. The presence of multiple abnormalities in a single set of images, such as in multifocal multicentric breast cancer (MFMC), has an immense clinical impact on treatment planning and survival outcomes. Detecting multiple breast tumors is challenging as MFMC is relatively uncommon, and human observers do not know the number or locations of tumors a priori. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), in which an x-ray beam sweeps over a limited angular range across the breast, has the potential to improve the detection of multiple tumors. However, prior studies of DBT image quality all focus on unifocal breast cancers. In this study, we extended our 2D multi-lesion (ML) channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) into a 3D ML-CHO that detects multiple lesions from volumetric imaging data. Then we employed the 3D ML-CHO to identify optimal DBT acquisition geometries for detection of MFMC. Digital breast phantoms with multiple embedded synthetic lesions were scanned by simulated DBT scanners of different geometries (wide/narrow angular span, different number of projections per scan) to simulate MFMC cases. With new implementations of 3D partial least squares (PLS) and modified Laguerre-Gauss (LG) channels, the 3D ML-CHO made detection decisions based upon the overall information from individual DBT slices and their correlations. Our evaluation results show that: (1) the 3D ML-CHO could achieve good detection performance with a small number of channels, and 3D PLS channels on average outperform the counterpart LG channels; (2) incorporating locally varying anatomical backgrounds and their correlations as in the 3D ML-CHO is essential for multi-lesion detection; (3) the most effective DBT geometry for detection of MFMC may vary when the task of clinical interest changes, and a given DBT geometry may not yield images that are equally informative for detecting MF, MC, and unifocal cancers.
Co-Design, Merchandising, Virtual, Store

In today’s technologically advanced, networked world, the popularity and criticality of user participation in various aspects of our lives calls for a redefinition of the boundaries between designers and users, sellers and buyers, and visual merchandisers and shoppers. Co-design is defined in the design discipline as a process that involves consumers in co-creating a product (Piller, Moeslein & Stotko, 2004), thus transforming ordinary consumers into co-designers. Traditionally, retailers primarily rely on their internal expertise for visual merchandising directives and innovations. However, exploitation of internal expertise can result in both decreased output in innovation (Katila and Ahuja, 2002) and less innovative outcomes (Kristensson, Gustafsson, & Archer, 2004).
Continued access to investigational brain implants

Brain implants are being trialled for their potential to ameliorate treatment-resistant conditions or to restore function. However, there are no clear guidelines for continued access to brain implants for trial participants whose symptoms improve with these devices.
Searching for City Hall, Digital Democracy, and Public-Making Rhetoric: U.S. Municipal Websites and Citizen Engagement

U.S. cities rely on their websites to enhance citizen engagement, and digital government portals have been promoted for decades as gateways to participatory democracy. This study, through rhetorical and qualitative content analyses, focuses on 200 municipal homepages from 2017 and the ways they invite participation through public-making rhetoric. The findings reveal very few cities have: platforms for interactive discussions; representations of citizen activities; or ways to call citizens into being for the important work of shared governance.
Nonverbal Communication: The Effect of Affect on Individual and Group Behavior

“I think, therefore I am,” may also be paraphrased “I feel, therefore I am.” The essence is the conscious process of self-awareness. In the final genetic continuum, one is not sure where thought begins or where affect comparable to that which we as humans are capable of experiencing begins, or, for that matter, where consciousness begins. Yet, without being scientifically precise about it, we are on firm ground in attributing thought, affect, and consciousness to each other and consciousness and affect to our dogs—but do they think? And is a snail capable of affect? Or is an ameba “conscious?” If so, how can we know it?
MEEM: Robust Tracking via Multiple Experts Using Entropy Minimization

We propose a multi-expert restoration scheme to address the model drift problem in online tracking. In the proposed scheme, a tracker and its historical snapshots constitute an expert ensemble, where the best expert is selected to restore the current tracker when needed based on a minimum entropy criterion, so as to correct undesirable model updates. The base tracker in our formulation exploits an online SVM on a budget algorithm and an explicit feature mapping method for efficient model update and inference. In experiments, our tracking method achieves substantially better overall performance than 32 trackers on a benchmark dataset of 50 video sequences under various evaluation settings. In addition, in experiments with a newly collected dataset of challenging sequences, we show that the proposed multi-expert restoration scheme significantly improves the robustness of our base tracker, especially in scenarios with frequent occlusions and repetitive appearance variations.
Engineering of large-pore lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for dual cargo delivery to cancer cells

Lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LC-MSNs) have recently emerged as a next-generation cargo delivery nanosystem combining the unique attributes of both the organic and inorganic components. The high surface area biodegradable inorganic mesoporous silica core can accommodate multiple classes of bio-relevant cargos in large amounts, while the supported lipid bilayer coating retains the cargo and increases the stability of the nanocarrier in bio-relevant media which should promote greater bio-accumulation of LC-MSNs in cancer sites. In this contribution, we report on the optimization of various sol–gel synthesis (pH, stirring speed) and post-synthesis (hydrothermal treatment) procedures to enlarge the MSN pore size and tune the surface chemistry so as to enable loading and delivery of large biomolecules. The proof of concept of the dual cargo-loaded nanocarrier has been demonstrated in immortalized cervical cancer HeLa cells using MSNs of various fine-tuned pore sizes.
Abscess Drainage/Biopsy

Image-guided percutaneous drainage of abdominal collections and image-guided percutaneous biopsy of abdominal masses are two of the most common procedures performed by interventional radiologists. These procedures have almost entirely replaced surgical methods due to their minimally invasive nature and high rate of success. Percutaneous drainage is a very effective treatment for various types of collections, and percutaneous biopsies are a vital step in the diagnosis of several malignant and benign diseases. Effectiveness in performing either procedure requires technical skills, image interpretation skills, and strong clinical skills. The following sections will provide an overview of these two ubiquitous procedures.
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD): Field Data from Several Exterior Lighting Projects

Luminaire dirt depreciation (LDD) data were evaluated for seven luminaires from three different project sites in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Yuma, Arizona. In each case,...
Agency and high school science students' motivation, engagement, and classroom support experiences

Abstract Agentic engagement is a potential gateway to improving the classroom climate and adolescent students' motivation. The current investigation provided the first test of daily and short-term longitudinal relations between U.S. high school science students' agentic engagement during class and their psychological need satisfaction, other forms of engagement (behavioral, cognitive, emotional), and perceptions of teachers' autonomy relevant practices. Analyses were based on a six-week diary study with 208 urban and suburban U.S. high school students from 41 science classes. Multilevel modeling analyses suggested that agentic engagement predicted an increase in concurrent and longitudinal perceived teacher autonomy support, need satisfaction, and other forms of engagement. Mediational analyses supported theoretical depictions of agentic engagement as emerging out of an autonomy supportive context and dynamically shaping that context and students' motivational experiences over the course of an instructional unit. The implications and fit of the findings with theory are discussed.
Experimental Comparison of Open Source Visual-Inertial-Based State Estimation Algorithms in the Underwater Domain

A plethora of state estimation techniques have appeared in the last decade using visual data, and more recently with added inertial data. Datasets typically used for evaluation include indoor and urban environments, where supporting videos have shown impressive performance. However, such techniques have not been fully evaluated in challenging conditions, such as the marine domain. In this paper, we compare ten recent open-source packages to provide insights on their performance and guidelines on addressing current challenges. Specifically, we selected direct methods and tightly-coupled optimization techniques that fuse camera and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data together. Experiments are conducted by testing all packages on datasets collected over the years with underwater robots in our laboratory. All the datasets are made available online.
Soybean temperature-dependent hypocotyl growth anomaly: physiological aspects

A reagent for indole-3-acetic acid has been formulated using O.OIM Fe(N0g)g"9H20 in 5.8N HCIO^. The reagent has been comparatively tested against other reagents for indole-3-acetic acid and has been found superior to other reagents in that it has a colorless background and has equivalent or greater sensitivity. Key words; Indole-3-acetic acid, lAA, colorimetry. Although colorimetric determination of indole-3-acetic acid (lAA) has been generally superseded by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography in recent years, it is still a useful laboratory aid in setting up column, paper, or thin layer chromatographic procedures for lAA in lieu of using radioactively labelled standards. Visible wavelength colorimetric reagents for lAA are usually based upon the iron chloride or the potassium nitrite reagents of Salkowski (13), the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent of Ehrlich (5) and van Urk (19), or the cinnamaldehyde reagent of Reichl (12) and Harley-Mason and Archer (7). Recently, Ehmann (4) has developed a very sensitive reagent based upon a combination of iron chloride and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Many minor modifications of these basic reagents have been used (1,2,3,8,10,14,17,18, 20,21,22), one of the most notable being the use of perchloric acid as the reducing agent by Gordon and Weber (6) which increased reagent sensitivity.
Supporting preschool children with developmental concerns: Effects of the Getting Ready intervention on school-based social competencies and relationships

Abstract The current study reports the results of a randomized controlled trial examining the impact of the Getting Ready parent engagement intervention on young children’s social–emotional competencies and the quality of the student–teacher and parent–teacher relationships. Participants were 267 preschool-aged children and their parents, as well as 97 preschool teachers. All children attended publicly funded preschool programs and were low income. In addition, all were considered educationally at risk due to developmental concerns in the areas of language, cognition and/or social–emotional development. Parent and teacher surveys were administered twice per academic year (fall and spring) for two academic years. Findings indicated that children in the treatment group were rated by their teachers to have greater improvement in social skills over two years of preschool as compared to their peers in the comparison condition. Teachers in the treatment condition reported significantly greater increases in their relationships with children as compared to children in the comparison group. Teachers in the intervention group also reported significant increases in their overall relationships with parents. The current findings illustrate the efficacy of Getting Ready at improving the social skills and important relationships for preschool children experiencing developmental risk.
Untargeted metabolomic profiling of urine from healthy dogs and dogs with chronic hepatic disease.

Chronic hepatic disease can present a diagnostic challenge with different etiologies being associated with similar clinical and laboratory findings. The histopathological assessment of a liver biopsy specimen is usually required in order to make a definitive diagnosis and the availability of non-invasive prognostic biomarkers is limited. The emerging science of metabolomics is used to detect changes in endogenous low molecular weight metabolites in biological samples and offers the possibility of identifying noninvasive markers of disease. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the urine metabolome between healthy dogs, dogs with chronic hepatitis, dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Stored urine samples from 10 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with chronic hepatitis, 6 dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 5 dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt were analyzed. The urine metabolome was analyzed by gas chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and 220 known metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis and heat dendrogram plots of the metabolomics data showed clustering between groups. Random forest analysis showed differences in the abundance of various metabolites including putrescine, gluconic acid, sorbitol, and valine. Based on univariate statistics, 37 metabolites were significantly different between groups. In, conclusion, the urine metabolome varies between healthy dogs, dogs with chronic hepatitis, dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, and dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Further targeted assessment of these metabolites is needed to assess their diagnostic utility.
Clinicopathologic features and treatment in patients with early stage uterine clear cell carcinoma: A 16-year experience.

Abstract Objective To evaluate clinicopathologic factors and adjuvant treatment effects on recurrence free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in early stage uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC). Methods Our retrospective review included central pathology confirmed stage I or II UCCC treated and/or followed between 2000 and 2016. Cases with pure or mixed histology with >50% UCCC were included. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regressions. Results 112 women were identified. Median age was 65.5 years (range 34–94). Most patients had mixed UCCC (61%), while 39% had pure UCCC. The majority of patients had stage IA UCCC (66%) versus stage IB (15%) or stage II (18%) disease. Adjuvant treatment included chemotherapy + radiation (26%), brachytherapy (27%), whole pelvic radiation (15%), chemotherapy alone (8%), and observation (24%). Thirty-eight (34%) women had recurrent disease. Median RFS was 4.32 years (95% CI 2.77–5.78). On multivariate analysis, age ≥70 (HR 2.48, 95% 1.28–4.81) and positive LVSI (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.15–4.18) were associated with shorter RFS. Median OS was 9.8 years (95% CI 7.46–15.93). On multivariate analyses, age ≥70 (HR 3.57, 95% CI 1.64–7.74) and positive LVSI (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.12–5.37) were associated with shorter OS. In this retrospective descriptive uncontrolled patient series, adjuvant treatment type did not impact RFS or OS. Conclusions OS approaches 10 years for early stage UCCC patients. Women ≥70 years have worse PFS and OS regardless of treatment modality, encouraging consideration of quality of life implications when electing for adjuvant therapy.
Monetary Sanctions: A Review of Revenue Generation, Legal Challenges, and Reform.

The Ferguson Report became a watershed moment for understanding the costs and consequences of the monetary sanctions system for communities of color. Since that time, myriad reports, studies, and c...
Multivariate meta-analysis model for the difference in restricted mean survival times

In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with time-to-event outcomes, the difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTD) offers an absolute measure of the treatment effect on the time scale. Computation of the RMSTD relies on the choice of a time horizon, $\tau$. In a meta-analysis, varying follow-up durations may lead to the exclusion of RCTs with follow-up shorter than $\tau$. We introduce an individual patient data multivariate meta-analysis model for RMSTD estimated at multiple time horizons. We derived the within-trial covariance for the RMSTD enabling the synthesis of all data by borrowing strength from multiple time points. In a simulation study covering 60 scenarios, we compared the statistical performance of the proposed method to that of two univariate meta-analysis models, based on available data at each time point and based on predictions from flexible parametric models. Our multivariate model yields smaller mean squared error over univariate methods at all time points. We illustrate the method with a meta-analysis of five RCTs comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with surgical replacement in patients with aortic stenosis. Over 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up, those treated by TAVR live 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.56], 0.46 (95% CI $-$0.08 to 1.01), and 0.79 (95% CI $-$0.43 to 2.02) months longer on average compared to those treated by surgery, respectively.
Response: Re: A Successful Walk-In Psychiatric Model for Integrated Care

To the Editor: Dr. Brinn[1][1] is right to point out that that the walk-in psychiatry model we developed at Brigham Health[2][2] fails to manage waiting room times in a way that proactively engages patients who might otherwise leave before receiving treatment. A trade-off was made between risking
Persistent thin water films encapsulate oil droplets crossing an oil-water interface

Abstract Understanding of oil-water interfacial phenomena is essential for predicting mixing and/or phase-separation in environmental and industrial systems. Time-resolved digital holography and planar laser-induced fluorescence are used for examining processes occurring after ascending buoyant oil droplets of varying viscosity cross a stratified oil-water interface. Previous studies have focused on the crossing process, and the current belief is that once this droplet becomes immersed in the oil, its content can mix with the bulk fluid. In contrast, we show that the droplets remain encapsulated by a stable continuous submicron thin water film, which prevent them from mixing. This film forms even in pure oil and water with minimal surfactant concentration and persists for periods that are three to four orders of magnitude longer than those of the crossing process. Observations following the film evolution reveal that segments located close to the interface appear to be attracted to the bulk water, causing the entire droplet to flatten slowly. The resulting reduction in the peripheral radius of curvature eventually breaks up the film into suspended submicron droplets. The morphology of this flattening process varies with oil viscosity, and its duration increases from seconds to nearly one hour as the oil viscosity increases from one to fifty cSt. In processes involving multiple oil droplets crossing the interface, they form a separate persistent long-lasting layer containing a complex thin-film structure that does not mix with the bulk oil. In contrast, thin oil films do not form around a descending water droplet after it crosses the interface.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Readmission after Ileostomy Creation in Older Adults.

Because of the concern about risk of poor outcome, ileostomy creation is sometimes avoided in older adults. We sought to evaluate the effect of a rigorous postoperative pathway and checklist on readmission and self-efficiacy in older surgical patients. After implementing a self-care checklist and standardized care pathway at our institution, we performed a retrospective review of patients between June 2013 and June 2016 and compared characteristics and outcomes for patients aged 2 (53.0% vs 81.4%, P < 0.01) and were more likely to have had surgery for cancer (22.9% vs 48.5%, P < 0.01). In the multivariable analyses, age was not a predictor of readmission but American Society of Anesthesiologist and length of stay were. In the 57 patients surveyed after discharge, we found that older and younger patients reported similar self-efficacy scores. In our study, older and younger patients have similar rates of readmission and similar ability to independently care for their themselves after ileostomy creation.
What can we glean from linking registry and Medicaid claims data

6055 Background: Cancer quality of care problems are concentrated among the indigent. Although Medicare claims linked to tumor registry data have become an important source for evaluating cancer ca...
Managing complications of pleural procedures

Pleural disease is common and often requires procedural intervention. Given this prevalence, pleural procedures are performed by a wide range of providers with varying skill level in both medical and surgical specialties. Even though the overall complication rate of pleural procedures is low, the proximity to vital organs and blood vessels can lead to serious complications which if left unrecognized can be life threatening. As a result, it is of the utmost importance for the provider to have a firm grasp of the local anatomy both conceptually when preparing for the procedure and physically, via physical exam and the use of a real time imaging modality such as ultrasound, when performing the procedure. With this in mind, anyone who wishes to safely perform pleural procedures should be able to appropriately anticipate, quickly identify, and efficiently manage any potential complication including not only those seen with many procedures such as pain, bleeding, and infection but also those specific to procedures performed in the thorax such as pneumothorax, re-expansional pulmonary edema, and regional organ injury. In this article, we will review the basic approach to most pleural procedures along with essential local anatomy most often encountered during these procedures. This will lay the foundation for the remainder of the article where we will discuss clinical manifestations and management of various pleural procedure complications.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Science and Engineering Perspective

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), directly related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy, presents a crisis in contact sports, the military, and public health. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Science and Engineering Perspective reviews current understanding of mTBI, methods of diagnosis, treatment, policy concerns, and emerging technologies. It details the neurophysiology and epidemiology of brain injuries by presenting disease models and descriptions of nucleating events, characterizes sensors, imagers, and related diagnostic measures used for evaluating and identifying brain injuries, and relates emerging bioinformatics analysis with mTBI markers. The book goes on to discuss issues with sports medicine and military issues; covers therapeutic strategies, surgeries, and future developments; and finally addresses drug trials and candidates for therapy. The broad coverage and accessible discussions will appeal to professionals in diverse fields related to mTBI, students of neurology, medicine, and biology, as well as policy makers and lay persons interested in this hot topic. Features Summarizes the entire scope of the field of mTBI Details the neurophysiology, epidemiology, and presents disease models and descriptions of nucleating events Characterizes sensors, imagers, and related diagnostic measures and relates emerging bioinformatics analysis with mTBI markers Discusses issues with sports medicine and military issues Covers therapeutic strategies, surgeries, and future developments and addresses drug trials and candidates Dr Mark Mentzer earned his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Delaware. He is a former research scientist at the US Army Research Laboratory where he studied mild traumatic brain injury and developed early-detection brain injury helmet sensors. He is a certified test director and contracting officer representative. He possesses two Level-III Defense Acquisition University Certifications in Science and Technology Management and in Test and Evaluation. During his career, he developed a wide range of sensors and instrumentation as well as biochemical processes to assess brain trauma. Mentzer currently teaches graduate systems engineering and computer science courses at the University of Maryland University College.