cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic behavior of the solutions to wave equation with nonlinear damping on the boundary

We consider wave equation with the Neumann, nonlinear boundary conditions of the form: ∂y/∂η 1 Γ + γ(yt) e 0, where γ is a monotone graph. We shall prove that if γ(0)=0, then the corresponding feedback system is strongly stable in the topology of H1 × L2. If instead γ(0)e[−γ0.γ0], then we shall show, that the energy of all limit solutions is uniformly bounded (with respect to initial condition) by a constant C Ω γ0, where C Ω depends on the geometry of the domain Ω, but not on the norm of initial conditions.
Sex differences in immune defenses and response to parasitism in monarch butterflies.

Host susceptibility and patterns of infection are predicted to differ between males and females due to sex-based tradeoffs between the demands of reproduction and costly immune defenses. In this study, we examined immune defenses and the response to experimental infection by a protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, in male and female monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus. We quantified two measures of immunity in late instar larvae: the concentration of circulating hemocytes and mid-gut phenoloxidase activity, and also quantified final parasite loads, body size, longevity, and wing melanism of adult butterflies. Results showed that females had greater average hemocyte counts than males in the absence of infection; males, but not females, showed an increased concentration of hemocytes in the presence of infection. However, higher hemocyte concentrations in larvae were not significantly correlated with lower adult parasite loads, and mid-gut phenoloxidase activity was not significantly associated with hemocyte counts or parasite treatments. Among unparasitized females, greater hemocyte concentrations were costly in terms of reduced body size, but for parasite-treated females, hemocyte concentrations and body size were positively associated. Across all monarchs, unparasitized butterflies showed greater wing melanism (darker forewings) than parasitized monarchs. Overall, this study provides support for differential costs of immune defenses in male and female monarch butterflies, and a negative association between parasite infection and monarch wing melanism.
Voltage-Induced Tunneling Conduction in Granular Metals at Low Temperatures

We have observed a new conduction mechanism in granular metals at low temperatures and high electric fields $\mathcal{E}$ characterized by a field-dependent conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}\mathrm{exp}(\frac{\ensuremath{-}{\mathcal{E}}_{0}}{\mathcal{E}})$. A theory based on a simple model of field-induced electron-hole generation in the bulk of the granular metal predicts the observed field dependence and gives expressions for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}$ and ${\mathcal{E}}_{0}$ which are functions of the granular-metal parameters: metal grain size, and thickness and height of the tunneling barriers separating the metal grains. Agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory.
Influence of Different Dietary Doses of n-3- or n-6-Rich Vegetable Fats and α-Tocopheryl Acetate Supplementation on Raw and Cooked Rabbit Meat Composition and Oxidative Stability

This study evaluates the effects of replacing beef tallow added to rabbit feeds (3% w/w) by different doses (0%, 1.5% and 3% w/w) of n-6- or n-3-rich vegetable fat sources (sunflower and linseed oil, respectively) and α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation (0 and 100 mg/kg) on the fatty acid composition, α-tocopherol content, and oxidation levels [assessed by analyzing thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and lipid hydroperoxide values] in rabbit meat. We also measured these parameters after cooking and refrigerated storage of cooked rabbit meat. Both dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation and the dose and source of fat added to feeds influenced meat fatty acid composition, modifying the n-6/n-3 ratio, which was more nutritionally favorable when linseed oil was used. Furthermore, the addition of linseed oil and the supplementation with α-tocopheryl acetate enhanced long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. However, the addition of 3% linseed oil increased meat oxidation, and although it was reduced by dietary supplementatio...
Combined chemo-hormonal therapy in breast cancer: A hypothesis

Results of treatment for advanced breast cancer have plateaued indicating the need for new treatment approaches. One such approach, combined endocrine therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, has had limited success in current clinical trials. This lack of synergism could be due to the effect of endocrine therapy on tumor cell kinetics, which could inhibit the activity of the cytotoxic drug. Proper sequencing of the two treatment modalities may increase the therapeutic ratio.
Preclinical evaluation of novel triphenylphosphonium salts with broad-spectrum activity.

Background Recently, there has been a surge of interest in developing compounds selectively targeting mitochondria for the treatment of neoplasms. The critical role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism and respiration supports this therapeutic rationale. Dysfunction in the processes of energy production and metabolism contributes to attenuation of response to pro-apoptotic stimuli and increased ROS production both of which are implicated in the initiation and progression of most human cancers. Methodology/Principal Findings A high-throughput MTT-based screen of over 10,000 drug-like small molecules for anti-proliferative activity identified the phosphonium salts TP187, 197 and 421 as having IC50 concentrations in the submicromolar range. TP treatment induced cell cycle arrest independent of p53 status, as determined by analysis of DNA content in propidium iodide stained cells. In a mouse model of human breast cancer, TP-treated mice showed significantly decreased tumor growth compared to vehicle or paclitaxel treated mice. No toxicities or organ damage were observed following TP treatment. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections from TP187-treated tumors demonstrated a decrease in cellular proliferation and increased caspase-3 cleavage. The fluorescent properties of analog TP421 were exploited to assess subcellular uptake of TP compounds, demonstrating mitochondrial localization. Following mitochondrial uptake cells exhibited decreased oxygen consumption and concomittant increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. Proteomics analysis of results from a 600 target antibody microarray demonstrated that TP compounds significantly affected signaling pathways relevant to growth and proliferation. Conclusions/Significance Through our continued interest in designing compounds targeting cancer-cell metabolism, the Warburg effect, and mitochondria we recently discovered a series of novel, small-molecule compounds containing a triphenylphosphine moiety that show remarkable activity in a panel of cancer cell lines as well as in a mouse model of human breast cancer. The mechanism of action includes mitochondrial localization causing decreased oxygen consumption, increased superoxide production and attenuated growth factor signaling.
Synchronized High-Speed Video, Infrared Thermometry, and Particle Image Velocimetry Data for Validation of Interface-Tracking Simulations of Nucleate Boiling Phenomena

Nucleation, growth, and detachment of steam bubbles during nucleate boiling of a water pool at atmospheric pressure is experimentally investigated using a combination of synchronized high-speed video, infrared thermography, and particle image velocimetry. The heater is a thin (< 1-μm), horizontal (20 × 10 mm2), resistively heated, indium-tin-oxide film, vacuum deposited on a sapphire substrate (250-μm thick), which allows for unobstructed optical access from below the boiling surface. This approach enables detailed measurement of the phase, temperature, and velocity distributions on and above the boiling surface. The database reported herein is for isolated bubbles, exhibiting nucleation temperatures 107–109°C, bubble departure diameters 3.0–3.8 mm, frequencies 4.7–15.00 Hz, and wait and growth times 52–200 ms and 15–16 ms, respectively, at average heat fluxes 29–36 kW/m2. The database is most useful for validation of modern simulations of nucleate boiling in which the phase, temperature, and velocity dis...
Selection of high affinity RNA ligands to the bacteriophage R17 coat protein

RNA ligands with high affinity for the bacteriophage R17 coat protein were isolated from a pool of random RNA molecules using SELEX. Of the 38 ligands isolated, 36 were found to contain a hairpin very similar to the naturally occurring coat protein binding site in the R17 genome. The common features of these 36 sequences provide a consensus binding site and predict components of a hairpin that promote favorable interaction with the coat protein. These include a tetraloop of primary sequence AUCA and a variable-length stem with a bulged adenosine residue at a specific stem position. The predicted consensus agrees well with the highest-affinity RNA binding site of the R17 coat protein, identified through classical but laborious techniques. These results demonstrate the value of SELEX as a tool for isolating high affinity RNA ligands to a specific target protein, and the further value of those ligands to point the researcher toward natural sequences for that target protein.
Measurement of Debye-Waller factors by Raman scattering from inter-term excitons and exciton-multiphonon states in FeF2

Abstract We have observed inter-term Raman scattering from 5T2g→5Eg Frenkel excitons in antiferromagnetic FeF2. It differs qualitatively from previously observed intra-term scattering in a sharply reduced zero-phonon cross section and the appearance of relatively strong exciton-phonon scattering. Since the Raman process is fully allowed, it is possible to measure excited state Debye-Waller factors, D, and we find D(Λ 3 + + Λ 4 + , 5 E g ) = 0.04 and D(Λ 1 + , 5 E g ) = 0.03 .
Friction and wear behavior of laser textured surface under lubricated initial point contact

Laser surface texturing (LST) by dimpling has been shown analytically and experimentally to enhance mixed, hydrodynamic, and hydrostatic lubrication of conformal sliding components. Improvements such as higher load-carrying capacity, higher wear resistance, and lower friction coefficients were observed in LST mechanical seals and thrust bearings. However, under non-conformal concentrated contact, the dimpled surface may have a different effect on the tribological behavior as a result of increased roughness, which may increase abrasive wear on the counterface. This paper discusses the effect of laser-textured surfaces on the tribological properties under a point ball-on-flat contact configuration. Tribological experiments were performed with dimpled flats in a pin-on-disk friction machine at speeds from 0.015 to 0.75 m/s using oils with different viscosity. Disks with dimples having different depths and densities were evaluated. Results showed that disks with higher dimple density produced more abrasive wear on the ball specimen. However, this higher wear rate led to faster generation of conformal contacts and a transition from the boundary to mixed lubrication regime, resulting in a rapid reduction in the friction coefficient with increased ball wear. The wear rate was higher in tests with lower viscosity oils, as expected. Results of the study may be beneficial for optimization of LST technology for industrial application in friction units.
Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Renal Morphology in Cyclosporine-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Munich-Wistar Rats

The mechanism of clinical cyclosporine nephrotoxicity has remained unclear. We have established an animal model of cyclosporine-induced acute renal failure in the male Munich-Wistar rat by giving four daily doses of parenteral cyclosporine 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP). In this model, 20 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia preceding the first cyclosporine dose did not significantly increase the renal failure, but did increase mortality (65% v 17%), which was due in part to the CNS effect of cyclosporine. Pair-fed and pair-watered vehicle and saline controls were used. The renal morphologic changes induced by the castor oil vehicle of the commercial parenteral cyclosporine solution were quantitatively similar to those induced by cyclosporine, although the severity of the changes by light microscopy was considerably less in the vehicle-treated groups. However, by electron microscopy, pale lipid vacuoles were seen only in the cyclosporine-treated groups, whereas dense alterations in lysosomes and dilated endoplasmic reticulum were also seen in other groups. Renal blood flow determined by electromagnetic flow probe showed a significant decline during 2 hours after a single IP injection of cyclosporine (6.6 ± 0.4 to 5.0 ± 0.6 mL/min). A similar decline was seen following injection of the castor oil vehicle of the commercial cyclosporine parenteral preparation (6.6 ± 0.5 to 5.1 ± 0.5 mL/min), but not after an injection of a similar volume of mineral oil (6.7 ± 0.3 to 6.3 ± 0.2 mL/min). These studies suggest that brief renal ischemia does not increase cyclosporine nephrotoxicity significantly in this rat model. Reproducible renal failure can be induced by four daily IP injections of cyclosporine alone in a dose of 60 mg/kg, but in this model, the initial decrease in the blood flow and all tubular histologic changes except pale lipid vacuoles can be induced by the castor oil vehicle.
WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multi-user interfaces

WYSIWIS (What You See Is What I See) is a foundational abstraction for multi-user interfaces that expresses many of the characteristics of a chalkboard in face-to-face meetings. In its strictest interpretation, it means that everyone can see the same written information and also where anyone else is pointing. We present several examples of multi-user interfaces that start from the WYSIWIS abstraction. In our attempts to build software support for collaboration in meetings, we have discovered that WYSIWIS is at once crucial and too inflexible in its strictest sense. WYSIWIS must be relaxed for all our software tools to better accommodate important interactions in meetings. Relaxations to WYSIWIS are characterized in terms of constraints on its four key dimensions: display space, time of display, subgroup population, and congruence of view.
GeneSys: a leaf-cell layout synthesis system for GHz VLSI designs

We present a new VLSI layout tool that synthesizes leaf-cell layouts for custom designs as well as standard cell and datapath libraries. GeneSys takes a leaf-cell schematic and a variety of top-down constraints to produce a layout for the circuit. The tool consists of five main components: placer, router, compactor, reliability analyzer and family generator. The system features new 2-D device placement and routing algorithms driven by reliability constraints. A Cell Architecture Rules feature allows customization of the tool to various layout styles. The family generation feature allows rapid synthesis of layout families from template cells. Initial usage statistics show a 2-4X mask designer productivity improvement for a variety of cells.
Cultural Transmission: Influence of Contextual Factors in Asian Indian Immigrant Parents' Experiences

Sixteen 1st-generation Asian Indian mothers and fathers were interviewed about the influence of immigration on retention of their own ethnic identity and their ability to promote a sense of ethnic identity in their 2nd-generation children. Data were analyzed with the consensual qualitative research methodology (C. E. Hill et al., 2005) and revealed ethnic identity retention to be influenced by engagement in cultural celebrations and activities, a need to hold onto tradition and upbringing, family ties, social support, and a rejection of perceived Western values. Ethnic identity retention was challenged by environmental obstacles and barriers within American society, loss of familial support, lack of cultural continuity, and an inability to have the “best of both worlds.” Furthermore, participants identified specific values and strategies relevant to transmitting an ethnic identity to their children as well as specific challenges to this process, including limited familial and communal guidance and modeling, obstacles from Western culture, an inability to apply their own experience or upbringing, a lack of cultural knowledge, and the potential for intermarriage. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Why does memory span increase with age

Abstract Ordered recall of auditory digits was obtained from children of 4, 7, 9, and 11 years of age. Lists had one of three types of sound pattern: melody, prosody, or monotone. For each sound pattern condition, half the lists were temporally grouped. Effects of sound pattern were minor, and not obviously age-specific. Profound effects of temporal grouping and clear-cut primacy effects appeared for all age groups and all conditions. These results render less plausible the popular hypothesis that the increase of memory span with age is due to the emergence of active strategies. It is suggested that the development of span may be due to an increase in the ease with which children can identify the individual items and encode information about their order.
The effect of Japanese corporate acquisition on the us military-industrial base

This paper utilizes a technique called the analysis of competing hypotheses to study Japanese acquisitions that involve majority interests in US firms. Findings show that there seem to be strategic trends in the Japanese procurement process, and that there are four domestic product groups that appear to be particularly vulnerable. Such foreign control of American commercial enterprises may well be a threat to the economy and national security.
Does Treatment of Capillary Hemangiomas for Amblyogenic Factors Result in a Resolution of the Amblyogenic Factors

Factors Result in a Resolution of the Amblyogenic Factors? Shirah R. Schwartz, MD, Francine Blei, MD, Emily Ceisler, MD, Mark Steele, MD, Louis Furlan, MD, Sylvia R. Kodsi, MD; North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Great Neck, NY Introduction: Treatment of capillary hemangiomas is initiated when there is amblyogenic anisometropic astigmatism, when there is pupillary occlusion, or when rapid growth of the hemangioma threatens to occlude the pupil. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatment of hemangiomas results in resolution or prevention of occlusion or decrease of astigmatism. Methods: The records of 55 patients who underwent treatment for reduction in size of a capillary hemangioma in two pediatric ophthalmology practices were reviewed. Indication for treatment, age at first visit, cycloplegic refraction at the initial and final visits, type of treatment, need for patching or spectacles, and final visual acuity were recorded. Results: This is the largest case series of children with capillary hemangiomas with recorded pretreatment and posttreatment cycloplegic refraction who were followed through the duration of treatment. Twelve patients were treated for pupillary occlusion. Occlusion resolved in all cases. Of the six patients with a final measurable visual acuity (FMVA), two had a vision of 20/100 or worse. Thirty patients were treated for anisometropic astigmatism. The average amount of pretreatment astigmatism was 2.68 D, while the average amount of posttreatment astigmatism was 0.53 D. All 15 patients with an FMVA had a vision of 20/40 or better. The 13 patients treated for threatened occlusion of the visual axis did not develop occlusion. The six patients with a FMVA all had vision of 20/30 or better. Conclusion: Treatment to reduce the size of capillary hemangiomas results in resolution of occlusion, reduction in astigmatism, and prevention of pupillary occlusion. Those with occlusion are at higher risk for severe residual amblyopia and require more aggressive treatment.
Assessing integration of intensity, polarimetric scattering, interferometric coherence and spatial texture metrics in PALSAR-derived land cover classification

Abstract Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important alternative to optical remote sensing due to its ability to acquire data regardless of weather conditions and day/night cycle. The Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) provided new opportunities for vegetation and land cover mapping. Most previous studies employing PALSAR investigated the use of one or two feature types (e.g. intensity, coherence); however, little effort has been devoted to assessing the simultaneous integration of multiple types of features. In this study, we bridged this gap by evaluating the potential of using numerous metrics expressing four feature types: intensity, polarimetric scattering, interferometric coherence and spatial texture. Our case study was conducted in Central New York State, USA using multitemporal PALSAR imagery from 2010. The land cover classification implemented an ensemble learning algorithm, namely random forest. Accuracies of each classified map produced from different combinations of features were assessed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using validation data obtained from a stratified random sample. Among the different combinations of feature types evaluated, intensity was the most indispensable because intensity was included in all of the highest accuracy scenarios. However, relative to using only intensity metrics, combining all four feature types increased overall accuracy by 7%. Producer’s and user’s accuracies of the four vegetation classes improved considerably for the best performing combination of features when compared to classifications using only a single feature type.
CD11b and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Are Involved in Pulmonary Neutrophil Recruitment in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Disease

To better define the roles of CD11b, CD11a, and one of their endothelial cell receptors, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in the lower respiratory tract inflammatory response to inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we evaluated the physiologic and biologic response to inhaled LPS in mice receiving anti-CD11b antibody, anti-CD11a antibody, and anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Mice receiving anti-CD11b antibody had a dramatic reduction in pulmonary neutrophil recruitment compared with control mice (18,300 versus 143,000 cells/ml, and neutrophils 16.7% versus 77%), whereas mice receiving anti-CD11a antibody did not demonstrate a reduction in lavage cellularity. Mice receiving anti-ICAM-1 antibody also demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in inflammatory cell recruitment to the alveolar space. Despite the significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltrate in mice receiving either CD11b or ICAM-1 antibodies, there was no reduction in the development of airway hyperreactivity. These findings suggest that CD11b and ICAM-1 are important mediators of LPS-induced airway inflammation, but do not appear to be critical to the development of LPS-induced airway hyperreactivity.
Gastrin Induces Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3 Phosphorylation and mTOR Activation via a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-/Protein Kinase C-Dependent but AKT-Independent Pathway in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells Derived From a Normotensive Male Human

Gastrin is natriuretic, but its renal molecular targets and signal transduction pathways are not fully known. In this study, we confirmed the existence of CCKBR (a gastrin receptor) in male human renal proximal tubule cells and discovered that gastrin induced S6 phosphorylation, a downstream component of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3 kinase)-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Gastrin also increased the phosphorylation of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) at serine 552, caused its internalization, and decreased its expression at the cell surface and NHE activity. The phosphorylation of NHE3 and S6 was dependent on PI3 kinases because it was blocked by 2 different PI3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294,002. The phosphorylation of NHE3 and S6 was not affected by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 but was blocked by a pan-PKC (chelerythrine) and a conventional PKC (cPKC) inhibitor (Go6976) (10 μM) and an intracellular calcium chelator, 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetra(acetoxymethyl)-ester, suggesting the importance of cPKC and intracellular calcium in the gastrin signaling pathway. The cPKC involved was probably PKCα because it was phosphorylated by gastrin. The gastrin-mediated phosphorylation of NHE3, S6, and PKCα was via phospholipase C because it was blocked by a phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122 (10 μM). The phosphorylation (activation) of AKT, which is usually upstream of mammalian target of rapamycin in the classic PI3 kinase-AKT-p70S6K signaling pathway, was not affected, suggesting that the gastrin-induced phosphorylation of NHE3 and S6 is dependent on both PI3 kinase and PKCα but not AKT.
Then the Beauty Emerges: A Longitudinal Case Study of Culturally Relevant Teaching.

Abstract This study explored the classroom curriculum and instructional strategies of a white, middle class, second-career teacher Amy (not her real name) who created and implemented a culturally relevant teaching practice. Interpretive data, which were gathered on Amy's teaching over a period of five years, chronicle the development of her beliefs, values, and dispositions for meeting the needs of students who represent a wide variety of abilities and backgrounds. Of the many themes that emerged over the duration of the study relative to teaching diverse learners, three themes were particularly germane to this report. These were: acquiring cultural sensitivity, reshaping the classroom curriculum, and inviting students to learn. After describing these themes, I compare them to Ladson-Billings' theory of culturally relevant teaching, and I offer suggestions for extending this theory.
Tests of semiclassical treatments of vibrational-translational energy transfer collinear collisions of helium with hydrogen molecules

Abstract Three kinds of semiclassical theory are tested against quantum mechanical results for vibrational transition probabilities and average vibrational energy transfers in collinear collisions of atoms with harmonic and Morse vibrators for the He-H 2 mass combination. The interaction potential is assumed to be a repulsive exponential function with an exponential parameter which is realistic for He-H 2 collisions. The energy range studied is total energies of 2–8 in units of ħω e . The uniform semiclassical approximations of classical S matrix theory are tested only for classically allowed transitions, i.e., for transition probabilities greater than about 0.2. They are accurate quantitatively for both harmonic and Morse vibrators. The integral expressions of classical S matrix theory are found to be quantitatively accurate for classically allowed and weakly classically forbidden transitions, i.e., for transition probabilities greater than about 0.01–0.05, and to be unreliable for strongly classically forbidden transitions. Quasiclassical trajectory methods yield qualitatively accurate results only for classically allowed transitions but the phase-averaged energy transfer in quasiclassical collisions may be accurate even when classically forbidden transition probabilities are important for the calculation of the average energy transfer. Forced quantum oscillator methods using a classical path whose initial velocity is the average of the initial and final velocities corresponding to the transition of interest are accurate for transition probabilities as small as 4 × 10 −8 for harmonic vibrators but do not seem to accurately account for the effect of anharmonicity.
Adult children of alcoholic or mentally ill parents: alcohol consumption and psychological distress in a tri-ethnic community study

Data from a racially and ethnically heterogeneous random community sample of 1,784 adults were used to compare effects of reported parental alcoholism, parental mental illness, both alcoholism and mental illness, or no parental pathology. No parental history differences were observed among males with regard to psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization) or drinking patterns (drinking, quantity, frequency, or total weekly consumption). Among females, the parental-mental-illness-only group consistently reported more problems than did the no-pathology group on depression, anxiety, somatization, and drinking quantity, even after statistical controls for demographic factors, social desirability, and possible coping resources such as fatalism, religiosity, and self-esteem. While parental alcoholism appeared to have little impact upon psychological distress dimensions relative to the no pathology group, further analyses conducted separately for current drinkers vs. nondrinkers indicated consistently lower levels of depression, anxiety, and somatization among male nondrinkers than drinkers from families involving parental alcoholism. The specificity of these effects to males reporting parental alcoholism may reflect either the resilience of male Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) who do not drink and/or the role of drinking as a mediator of parental alcoholism. Possible reasons for the general lack of parental alcoholism and racial/ethnic differences are discussed.
Time decay estimates for the wave equation with potential in dimension two

Abstract We study the wave equation with potential u t t − Δ u + V u = 0 in two spatial dimensions, with V a real-valued, decaying potential. With H = − Δ + V , we study a variety of mapping estimates of the solution operators, cos ( t H ) and sin ( t H ) H under the assumption that zero is a regular point of the spectrum of H . We prove a dispersive estimate with a time decay rate of | t | − 1 2 , a polynomially weighted dispersive estimate which attains a faster decay rate of | t | − 1 ( log | t | ) − 2 for | t | > 2 . Finally, we prove dispersive estimates if zero is not a regular point of the spectrum of H .
The Hubbard model and the metal-insulator phase transition

Abstract A high-temperature, smooth-metal-insulator phase transition is shown effectively to exist for a one-dimensional Hubbard model on the basis of the temperature dependence of the calculated specific heats, susceptibilities, and conductivities.
Complex Pisot numbers of small modulus

Abstract We use an algorithm of Chamfy to determine all complex Pisot numbers of modulus less than 1.17. To cite this article: D. Garth, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).
Optimum design of power MOSFET's

We present a model for the on-state resistance of power vertical, double-diffused MOS (VDMOS) transistors with emphasis on cell layout optimization and supporting experimental data. Essentially the same minimum R on can be achieved using any of six different cellular cell geometries including square and hexagonal cells. Specifically, the on-resistances of all cellular designs are essentially identical if they have the same p-well width and the same ratio of well area to cell area. Cellular designs yield lower on-resistance than linear-cell designs unless the latter, through clever layout perhaps, allows at least 1.6 times smaller well width than the former. Design examples and experiments illustrate a simple optimization procedure, which starts with choosing the minimum p-well width and depth compatible with production technology and then finding the optimum spacing between the p-wells.
The organizational control structure

Abstract This paper introduces a special topic section of five papers on organization control. Organizational control is conceived of in a broad sense to include such factors as leadership, formalization, reward systems and the like. In this paper, it is proposed that the control structure varies by type of organization, and that the control structure has differential effects on (1) predictability and (2) organization effectiveness.
Post-transplant total lymphoid irradiation prolongs the survival of rat liver allografts

Background: Post-transplant total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by infusion of donor bone marrow (hematopoietic) cells have resulted in chimerism and long-term graft acceptance in rodent heart transplant models. Using this regimen, we have recently shown that macrochimerism, donor-specific tolerance and drug withdrawal were achieved in some recipients after clinical kidney transplantation. Because the liver is a rich source of leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells, we tested whether a regimen of post-transplant TLI (± ATG), in the absence of donor bone marrow infusion, results in the development of chimerism and in prolonged liver allograft survival in rats. Methods: Lewis recipients were transplanted with fully allogeneic donor ACI rat livers. Post-transplant TLI was administrated to allografted recipients starting on day 1 after orthotopic liver transplantation, 200 cGy daily for 8 to 10 doses over a 14-day period. To test for the presence of donor blood cells in the recipient (chimerism), flow cytometry was performed on isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), splenocytes, and liver infiltrating mononuclear cells (LIMC). Results: Untreated recipients rejected their allografts within 14 days. Post-transplant TLI significantly prolonged liver allograft survival to more than 50 days (n = 5). Donor-derived lymphocytes were not detected in recipient PBL in the early period (<50 days) post-transplant, but a significant population of donor-derived lymphocytes was seen in PBL (25%), splenocytes (20%), and LIMC (25%) isolated from a TLI-treated recipient who survived for more than 80 days. Conclusion: Post-transplant TLI alone is sufficient to allow for the development of macrochimerism and long-term liver allograft survival in the rat.
Effect of an Individualized Instruction Form on Patient Knowledge of Perioperative Anticoagulant and/or Antiplatelet Medication Management

Background/Purpose: While conducting pre-health assessments preadmission nurses discovered that some patients who take anticoagulant/antiplatelet medications do not understand how to manage these medications perioperatively. PURPOSE: Evaluation of whether or not same day surgical patients who take prescribed anticoagulant/antiplatelet medication and receive individualized education have increased knowledge on how to manage these medications perioperatively compared to patients who received standard care.
Recognition and receptor-mediated uptake of a lysosomal enzyme, α-l-iduronidase, by cultured human fibroblasts

Abstract A kinetic approach has been used to study the selective uptake of a lysosomal enzyme by fibroblasts cultured from human skin. α-l-Iduronidase is obtained from human urine in two forms, one of which is taken up a hundred times faster than the other. Internalization of the "high uptake" form obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the rate being half-maximal when the concentration of the enzyme in the medium is 3 × 10 −9 M. A small number of substances inhibit this uptake: mannose, l-fucose and sialic acid (K i ∼ 0.1 M); pnitrophenyl glycosides of mannose and l-fucose (K i ∼ 0.01 M); mannose 6-phosphate (K i = 4 × 10 −5 M), fructose 1-phosphate (K i = 8 × 10 −5 M); and a glycoprotein fraction purified from human urine (K i ≦ 10 −8 M). The inhibition by mannose 6-phosphate and by the urinary inhibitor has been shown to be competitive by rigorous kinetic analysis. The inhibitory potency of the urinary glycoprotein fraction is decreased by treatment with NalO 4 or with alkaline phosphatase, although not by incubation with a number of glycosidases and sulfatases. Phosphatase treatment of α-l-iduronidase itself abolishes uptake. These results are compatible with recognition of the high uptake form of α-l-iduronidase through phosphorylated carbohydrate residues on the enzyme and binding to saturable receptors on the cell surface. Preliminary experiments suggest that even the "low uptake" form of the enzyme may be taken up by receptor binding, although with much lower affinity.
The effect of internuclear-axis alignment on molecule/surface reactive scattering

Abstract The reactivity of a molecule striking a surface was found to depend on the diatom's internuclear-axis alignment. State-selected NO+ (X1Σ+, v = 0, J) reagents were aligned through laser ionization prior to their impact with a Ag(111) surface. The yield of scattered O− products was enhanced by “end-on” type collisions, and this preference diminished as the collision energy increased from 35 to 80 eV. Classical trajectory calculations showed that a collision-induced dissociation model is consistent with the experimental observations.
The Influence of Masculinity Scripts on Heterosexual Hispanic College Men's Perceptions of Female-Initiated Sexual Coercion

The present study uses qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and experiences of femaleinitiated sexual coercion among Hispanic college men. Four categories of findings related to Hispanic college men’s perceptions of female-initiated sexual coercion were analyzed: 1) beliefs about of male victimization; 2) types of female-initiated coercion; 3) appropriate responses to female-initiated coercion; and 4) messages about appropriate heteronormative masculinity. Participants found it difficult to accept that a man could be coerced by a woman unless, for example, drugs or alcohol were used. There was strong evidence in support of the proposition that men should “just go” with a woman’s demands for sexual contact, whether or not it was truly desired. There was also clear support for the notion that masculinity scripts influenced attitudes toward female-initiated coercion, although participants did not see these norms and scripts as unique to Hispanic culture via machismo beliefs. The results highlight the importance of acknowledging male victimization and the influence of gender scripts in research on dating violence within Hispanic populations.
Infusing Cooperative Learning into Early Computer Science Courses to Support Improved Engagement (Abstract Only)

Many new curricula and tools have been developed recently to promote the exciting opportunities available in computer science. However, curriculum and supporting tools alone do not drive engagement -- the most interesting and innovative curriculum can still be taught in a disengaged manner, leading to lost opportunities for broadening the appeal and interest in computing across a diverse student population. The learning science literature on Cooperative Learning (CL) has been shown to increase class participation and student learning, while also promoting diversity in a manner that supports the differentiated instruction needed to engage students who have mixed abilities. This workshop will demonstrate how the best practices of CL can be applied in early CS courses (e.g., AP CS Principles AP CS A, or CS1). Workshop participants will be introduced to the CL structures that have been used in many different disciplines across multiple age/grade levels. These structures will be used to demonstrate specific applications toward computer science concepts. The workshop itself will be taught in a cooperative learning style so that participants can understand the dynamics and structure of a CL classroom. This workshop is intended for two types of educators: 1) K-12 teachers currently teaching AP CS A, CS Principles (CSP), or other introductory programming courses and 2) university faculty currently teaching CS 1 or other introductory computer science courses.
Human olfactory communication.

It has been known for some time that most mammals use odors as a means of intraspecific communication (see Cheal and Sprott, 1971; Bronson, 1971; Doty, 1976; Shorey, 1976; Muller-Schwarze and Mozell, 1977, Mykytowycz, 1977; for reviews). However, until recently little attention has been paid to the possibility that humans might also use smell as a means of communication. This review examines the areas of olfactory communication that are known to be of significance in animals: individual recognition, scent marking, sexual identification, sexual attraction, and reproductive synchrony, and discusses the evidence for human olfactory communication in each of these areas. Suggestions are made for further research in this field.
High-Throughput Identification of Informative Nuclear Loci for Shallow-Scale Phylogenetics and Phylogeography

One of the major challenges for researchers studying phylogeography and shallow-scale phylogenetics is the identification of highly variable and informative nuclear loci for the question of interest. Previous approaches to locus identification have generally required extensive testing of anonymous nuclear loci developed from genomic libraries of the target taxon, testing of loci of unknown utility from other systems, or identification of loci from the nearest model organism with genomic resources. Here, we present a fast and economical approach to generating thousands of variable, single-copy nuclear loci for any system using next-generation sequencing. We performed Illumina paired-end sequencing of three reduced-representation libraries (RRLs) in chorus frogs (Pseudacris) to identify orthologous, single-copy loci across libraries and to estimate sequence divergence at multiple taxonomic levels. We also conducted PCR testing of these loci across the genus Pseudacris and outgroups to determine whether loci developed for phylogeography can be extended to deeper phylogenetic levels. Prior to sequencing, we conducted in silico digestion of the most closely related reference genome (Xenopus tropicalis) to generate expectations for the number of loci and degree of coverage for a particular experimental design. Using the RRL approach, we: (i) identified more than 100,000 single-copy nuclear loci, 6339 of which were obtained for divergent conspecifics and 904 of which were obtained for heterospecifics; (ii) estimated average nuclear sequence divergence at 0.1% between alleles within an individual, 1.1% between conspecific individuals that represent two different clades, and 1.8% between species; and (iii) determined from PCR testing that 53% of the loci successfully amplify within- species and also many amplify to the genus-level and deeper in the phylogeny (16%). Our study effectively identified nuclear loci present in the genome that have levels of sequence divergence on par with mitochondrial loci commonly used in phylogeography. Specifically, we estimated that ∼7% of loci in the chorus frog genome are >3% divergent within species; this translates to a prediction of approximately 50,000 single-copy loci in the genome with >3% divergence. Moreover, successful amplification of many loci at deeper phylogenetic levels indicates that the RRL approach represents an efficient method for rapid identification of informative loci for both phylogenetics and phylogeography. We conclude by making recommendations for minimizing the cost and maximizing the efficiency of locus identification for future studies in this field. (Anonymous nuclear loci; Illumina HiSeq; next-generation sequencing; phylogenetics; phylogeography; Pseudacris; reduced-representation library.)
People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia

People of the Rainbow:. Nomadic Utopia. MICHAEL I. NIMAN. Knoxville- University of Tennessee Press, 1997. xiv. 274 pp., appendixes, notes, glossary, index, illustrations.
New eigenstates of the 1-dimensional Hubbard model

Abstract Carrying out a program proposed by C.N. Yang, we prove that all “regular” (as defined in the paper) Bethe-Ansatz states of the 1-dimensional Hubbard model on a lattice of finite length L are lowest-weight vectors of an SO(4) algebra. Thus new eigenstates can be obtained by acting with the SO(4) raising operators on the Bethe-Ansatz states. In a following publication we will show that the SO(4) structure in combination with the Bethe Ansatz leads to a complete set of eigenfunctions for the 1-dimensional Hubbard model (asymptotically for large but finite lattice lengths L ).
Macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion is enhanced following interaction with autologous platelets

Macrophages are the dominant phagocyte at sites of wound healing and inflammation, and the cellular and acellular debris encountered by macrophages can have profound effects on their inflammatory profile. Following interaction with apoptotic cells, macrophages are known to switch to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Activated platelets, however, are also a major component of inflammatory lesions and have been proposed to be pro-inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that macrophage interaction with activated platelets results in an inflammatory response that differs from the response following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) were co-incubated with autologous activated platelets (AAPs) and the platelet-macrophage interaction was examined by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 were also measured during LPS-activated hMDM co-incubation with AAPs, which was compared to co-incubation with apoptotic lymphocytes. Cytokine secretion was also compared to platelets pre-treated with the gluococorticoid dexamethasone. Macrophages trapped and phagocytized AAPs utilizing a mechanism that was significantly inhibited by the scavenger receptor ligand fucoidan. LPS-induced macrophage secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 was inhibited by co-incubation with apoptotic cells, but enhanced by co-incubation with AAPs. The platelet-dependent enhancement of LPS-induced cytokines could be reversed by pre-loading the platelets with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The interaction of human macrophages with autologous platelets results in scavenger-receptor-mediated platelet uptake and enhancement of LPS-induced cytokines. Therefore, the presence of activated platelets at sites of inflammation may exacerbate pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. The possibility of reversing macrophage activation with dexamethasone-loaded platelets is a promising therapeutic approach to treating unresolved inflammation.
Electrical conduction and polaron mobility in Fe-bearing olivine

SUMMARY Electrical conductivity u of Mg,(, _Y)Fe2YSi04 olivines was measured as a function of Fe content (Y = 0.09, 0.1 1, 0.18, 0.34) at temperatures between 1423-1573 K and at oxygen fugacities slightly below the wustite-magnetite buffer. Conductivity was proportional to Xk," for the conditions examined. In accord with current and previous experiments and defect models at these conditions, conductivity is dominated by small polaron hopping of holes from Fe'+ to Fe2' on the Mg sublattice. From quantitative equilibrium defect chemistry calculations, we find that the Fe" concentration is proportional to XFz3. From measured conductivity and calculated defect concentrations, the hopping mobility is proportional to XbL and is in the range (1-6) X cm2 V-' s-'. This 1.1 power dependence on Fe content for mobility is close to the value of -1.0 independently deduced from polaron hopping theory for mixed valence solid solution systems. Therefore, small polaron conduction self-consistently explains the observed 1.8 power dependence of u on Fe content. Using the measured dependence of conductivity on Fe content, a change in composition from Fa,(, to Fal2 produces a conductivity increase by a factor of 1.39; near 1473K such a conductivity change could be misinterpreted as an equivalent temperature increase of 52 K in the upper mantle.
A General-Purpose MR-Compatible Robotic System

The development of a general-purpose robotic system at the Washington University for performing minimally invasive interventions with real-time MR guidance is reviewed. In this paper, the criteria upon which the system was based, and an overview of its components, the design, and prototyping of the robotic manipulator, its control components and their general integration and logic is presented. The human-machine interface and the practice of performing MR-guided interventions are described. It is concluded that when looking into the cost-effectiveness of MR-compatible systems, one cannot ignore the fact that MRI is among the most expensive imaging modalities to acquire and operate.