cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The morphological evolution of equiaxed dendritic microstructures during coarsening

Abstract The morphological evolution of equiaxed Al– 20 wt. % Cu dendritic microstructures was studied in three dimensions. The microstructure evolved into a highly interconnected structure, where the inverse specific surface area scaled linearly with the cube root of time. As the size scale of the microstructure increased during coarsening, the scaled morphology of the interfaces changed only slightly. The distribution of interface normals indicated that the microstructure was approximately isotropic. These results are in contrast to those found using a directionally solidified Al–Cu alloy of a similar solid volume fraction, where the structure evolved into solid cylinders parallel to the growth direction used to create the sample prior to coarsening. Thus, we find that the initial morphology of a dendritic structure can have a major impact on its morphological evolution.
Hypoactive sexual desire

The sex therapy literature has concentrated on disorders of the excitement and orgasm phases of the sexual response. However, disorders of sexual desire have been virtually neglected, although low-libido disorders are highly prevalent, may be extremely distressful to patients and their partners, and influence the course and prognosis of therapy. This paper focuses on this important aspect of human sexuality. Some clinical features of hypoactive sexual desire are described, and some hypotheses about etiology and prognosis are presented.
Mapping RNA-protein interactions in ribonuclease P from Escherichia coli using disulfide-linked EDTA-Fe.

The protein subunit of Escherichia coli ribonuclease P (which has a cysteine residue at position 113) and its single cysteine-substituted mutant derivatives (S16C/C113S, K54C/C113S and K66C/C113S) have been modified using a sulfhydryl-specific iron complex of EDTA-2- aminoethyl 2-pyridyl disulfide (EPD-Fe). This reaction converts C5 protein, or its single cysteine-substituted mutant derivatives, into chemical nucleases which are capable of cleaving the cognate RNA ligand, M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of E. coli RNase P, in the presence of ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide. Cleavages in M1 RNA are expected to occur at positions proximal to the site of contact between the modified residue (in C5 protein) and the ribose units in M1 RNA. When EPD-Fe was used to modify residue Cys16 in C5 protein, hydroxyl radical-mediated cleavages occurred predominantly in the P3 helix of M1 RNA present in the reconstituted holoenzyme. C5 Cys54-EDTA-Fe produced cleavages on the 5' strand of the P4 pseudoknot of M1 RNA, while the cleavages promoted by C5 Cys66-EDTA-Fe were in the loop connecting helices P18 and P2 (J18/2) and the loop (J2/4) preceding the 3' strand of the P4 pseudoknot. However, hydroxyl radical-mediated cleavages in M1 RNA were not evident with Cys113-EDTA-Fe, perhaps indicative of Cys113 being distal from the RNA-protein interface in the RNase P holoenzyme. Our directed hydroxyl radical-mediated footprinting experiments indicate that conserved residues in the RNA and protein subunit of the RNase-P holoenzyme are adjacent to each other and provide structural information essential for understanding the assembly of RNase P.
Identification of a Distinct, Cryptic Heparosan Synthase from Pasteurella multocida Types A, D, and F

The extracellular polysaccharide capsules of Pasteurella multocida types A, D, and F are composed of hyaluronan, N-acetylheparosan (heparosan or unsulfated, unepimerized heparin), and unsulfated chondroitin, respectively. Previously, a type D heparosan synthase, a glycosyltransferase that forms the repeating disaccharide heparosan backbone, was identified. Here, a approximately 73% identical gene product that is encoded outside of the capsule biosynthesis locus was also shown to be a functional heparosan synthase. Unlike PmHS1, the PmHS2 enzyme was not stimulated greatly by the addition of an exogenous polymer acceptor and yielded smaller- molecular-weight-product size distributions. Virtually identical hssB genes are found in most type A, D, and F isolates. The occurrence of multiple polysaccharide synthases in a single strain invokes the potential for capsular variation.
GABA IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS AND GROWTH CONES IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO BEFORE SYNAPSE FORMATION

GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) is the most prevalent inhibitory transmitter in the mature hypothalamus. In contrast, in the developing hypothalamus, GABA may exert depolarizing actions leading to neuronal excitation. To determine whether GABA is present in hypothalamic neurons early in development, and whether there is a preferential expression in axonal growth cones, immunogold and peroxidase studies were used with light and whole mount transmission electron microscopy. At embryonic day 15, a stage of development at the beginning of hypothalamic neurogenesis, histological sections showed GABA immunoreactivity in fibers and weakly stained perikarya. Hypothalamic neurons (13%) cultured at embryonic day 15 were immunoreactive after 1 day in vitro. The percentage of neurons stained, and the intensity of staining increased during the next few days to 39% at 4 days in vitro. Neuritic growth cones, including lamellipodia and long filopodia, showed strong immunoreactivity before synaptogenesis. By using neuronal whole mounts studied with transmission electron microscopy and GABA silver-enhanced immunogold staining, a quantitative comparison of growth cones after a day and a half in culture revealed that the growth cone of the longest process, the putative axon, had a greater level of immunogold labeling than that of the shorter processes, the putative dendrites. This finding is one of the earliest biochemical differences between putative axons and dendrites. Astrocytes in the same cultures showed no immunolabeling. These results indicate that GABA is present very early in the development of hypothalamic neurons and is in a position to be released.
Prefusion Structures of Lipid-Bound SNARE Proteins Suggest Folding Pathways of Trans-SNARE Complex

The assembly of three neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin-1A, and SNAP-25 is the key step that leads to exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles. In the fully assembled SNARE complex, these three proteins form a coiled-coil four-helix bundle structure by interaction of their respective SNARE motifs. Although biochemical and mutational analyses strongly suggest that the heptad-repeat SNARE motifs zipper into the final structure in the N- to C-terminal direction, little is known about the prefusion state of individual membrane-bound SNAREs and whether they change conformation from the unzippered prefusion to the zippered postfusion state in a continuous or step-wise fashion in membrane environments. We have solved the solution NMR structures of micelle-bound synaptobrevin and syntaxin-1A in their prefusion conformations. In addition to their respective transmembrane helices, the SNARE motifs of both proteins have considerable degrees of helical content. For synaptobrevin, only the N-terminal half (residues 36-54) of the SNARE motif forms a transient helix, and the fraction of helical content and interfacial association decreases as the protein is moved from micelle to bicelle to bilayer environments, suggesting that membrane curvature affects the folding of synaptobrevin. For syntaxin, the SNARE motif consists of two well-ordered, membrane-bound helices separated by the “0-layer” residue. These unexpected structural orders of the N- and C-terminal halves of the prefusion SNARE motifs suggest the formation of partially zippered SNARE complex intermediates. Interferometric fluorescence measurements in lipid bilayers confirm that the open SNARE motif helices interact with lipid bilayers and that the assembly of SNARE complexes involves the segmented movements of N- and C-terminal halves of SNARE motifs in relation to the membrane surface.
Philosophical and theoretical problems for behavior therapy

In this commentary we consider some of the seemingly unresolved issues raised in the miniseries, “Philosophical and Theoretical Problems for Behavior Therapy”. Some clarifying comments are offered, and implications of some of the abstract issues for the scientist-practitioners of behavior therapy are raised.
Focusing-Oriented Art Therapy: Working with Trauma / Focusing-orientierte Kunsttherapie: Arbeit am Trauma / Terapia de arte orientada al focusing: Trabajando con trauma / L'Art-Thérapie dans l'Approche Focusing: Le travail avec des personnes traumatisées (ou le travail avec le trauma) / A Terapia pela Arte Orientada pelo Focusing: Trabalho com Clientes com Vivência Traumática /

Abstract This paper sets forth the application of focusing-oriented art therapy (FOAT) as a clinical approach to working with clients with a history of trauma. Focusing-oriented art therapy synthesizes Gendlin's (1981, 1996) six-step focusing method and principles of focusing-oriented therapy with art therapy. The paper presents an overview of FOAT, describes its application to trauma and integration with Judith Herman's (1992) model of recovery, offers a case illustration and considers the benefits of FOAT with trauma.
The Social Networks Inventory: A Diagnostic Instrument Measuring Interpersonal Relationships

The literature on the social atom construct has a sound theoreticalfoundation emerging from Moreno's theory of spontaneity but is psychometrically limited. Most versions of the social atom test are ambiguous, nonstandardized, and difficult to interpret. Although the range of definition is varied, the basic difficulty with many versions of the social atom test is absence of measurement organization, normative data, and congruent test design. A revised retitled version of the social atom test, the Social Networks Inventory (SNI), consistent with Moreno 's theory of interpersonal networks, is addressed. Information gained from the SNI is useful in establishing task and emotional roles of group members and in determining group objectives. Directions regarding the test's administration and scoring procedures, along with evidence of reliability and validity are presented. Its use as a research and clinical tool is discussed.
CLEAVAGE OF SINGLE STRAND RNA ADJACENT TO RNA-DNA DUPLEX REGIONS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI RNASE H1

RNase H1 from Escherichia coli cleaves single strand RNA extending 3' from an RNA-DNA duplex. Substrates consisting of a 25-mer RNA annealed to complementary DNA ranging in length from 9-17 nucleotides were designed to create overhanging single strand RNA regions extending 5' and 3' from the RNA-DNA duplex. Digestion of single strand RNA was observed exclusively within the 3' overhang region and not the 5' overhang region. RNase H digestion of the 3' overhang region resulted in digestion products with 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini. The number of single strand RNA residues cleaved by RNase H is influenced by the sequence of the single strand RNA immediately adjacent to the RNA-DNA duplex and appears to be a function of the stacking properties of the RNA residues adjacent to the RNA-DNA duplex. RNase H digestion of the 3' overhang region was not observed for a substrate that contained a 2'-methoxy antisense strand. The introduction of 3 deoxynucleotides at the 5' terminus of the 2'-methoxy antisense oligonucleotide resulted in cleavage. These results offer additional insights into the binding directionality of RNase H with respect to the heteroduplex substrate.
Pulse pressure variation estimation using a sequential monte carlo method

We describe a novel automatic algorithm to continuously estimate the pulse pressure variation (PPV) index from arterial blood pressure (ABP) signals. The algorithm utilizes our recently developed sequential Monte Carlo method (SMCM) based on a maximum A-Posterior adaptive marginalized particle filter (MAM-PF). The PPV index is one of most specific and sensitive dynamic indicators of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients. We report the assessment results of the proposed algorithm on real ABP signals.
Facilitating offshoring with enterprise technologies: Reducing operational friction in the governance and production of services

Abstract The development of cheap and robust communications technologies has lowered the cost of conducting business transactions across international boarders and opened up low wage rate global labor markets to firms facing demand for cheap and efficient service delivery. A review of transaction cost theory and operations management models of service process disaggregation reveals parallels between the how firm boundaries are determined and how certain service process elements can be disaggregated from face-to-face customer contact. This theoretical background is used to identify challenges to the effective offshoring of service processes. The competitive capability literature offers suggestions as to how firms might acquire the internal capabilities required to manage offshore service processes. Propositions are developed on how the standardized transactional infrastructure of enterprise technologies (and the organizational competencies developed by successful enterprise system adopters) may help mitigate the challenges of offshore governance.
Current concepts in stage-regulated gene expression in kinetoplastida

The different physiological environments provided by the hosts probably generated a strong selective force for the evolution of differential expression of gene products in digenetic kinetoplastid parasites. Indeed, the sorts of molecules that would be predicted to be stage-regulated have been found to be differentially expressed. Examples include transport molecules, metabolic enzymes, molecules involved in cell adhesion and penetration, and molecules involved in evasion of host defence mechanisms. Within the life cycle, environmental cues provided by the host, such as temperature and nutrients, may also function as triggers for the differential expression of gene products.
Androgen receptors in fetal rabbit lung and the effect of fetal sex on the levels of circulating hormones and pulmonary hormone receptors.

Abstract High affinity ( K D = 0.2 nM), low capacity (3.6–5.0 fmol/mg protein), androgen-specific binding proteins with characteristics typical of androgen receptors were identified in the lungs of rabbit fetuses between the 26 and 29th day of gestation and in the lungs of adult rabbits. While androgen receptor concentrations increased significantly from late gestation to adulthood ( P It is concluded that the fetal lung interacts directly with circulating androgens via specific androgen receptors and that the suggested male disadvantage with respect to lung maturation in the perinatal period does not appear to be associated with sex-related differences in the levels of pulmonary androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone or β-adrenergic receptors.
A dominantly inherited congenital anomaly syndrome with blepharophimosis.

biopsy results from one patient showed no accumulation of zinc in the mucosa?' suggesting that cellular egress is normal. The zinc deficiency state is readily corrected by oral administrat ion of zinc salts or by feeding human milk. The therapeutic effect of the latter is thought to be due to the presence o f a ZBL which enhances cellular uptake. A similar ZBL is present in duodenal Secretions from patients with AE and from healthy adults. However, the diminished uptake o f zinc by the Iigand of patients with AE would result in decreased presentation of zinc to the muc0sal surface, and could account for the impairment of zinc absorption.
Observability of forbidden hyperfine transitions along the principal axes in the EPR of low-symmetry complexes

Abstract It is shown that forbidden hyperfine transitions of non-zero intensity are not observable for the Zeeman field orientation along the two-fold symmetry axis, when it is parallel to a crystal-field axis, of paramagnetic complexes, characterized by monoclinic site symmetry; on the other hand, they are observable for all orientations of the Zeeman field for complexes characterized by triclinic symmetry. Under the assumptions of isotropic hyperfine tensor and vanishing nuclear quadrupole interaction expressions are given for the intensities of the forbidden hyperfine transitions ( ΔM =±1, Δm =±1; M and m are the electronic and nuclear magnetic quantum numbers, respectively), relative to those of the allowed hyperfine transitions ( ΔM =±1, Δm =0) for an arbitrary Zeeman-field orientation. The three cases, where the monoclinic symmetry axis is parallel to a crystal-field (magnetic) axis have been specifically considered.
Questioning as an Epistemic Process of Critical Thinking

(2001). Questioning as an Epistemic Process of Critical Thinking. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 33, No. 3-4, pp. 325-341.
Studies of pacific island plants, XXX. Notes on Fijian Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae

In the Apocynaceae the new combinationAlstonia pacifica (Seem.) A. C. Sm. is required. In the Asclepiadaceae the genusGymnema R. Br. is found not to occur in Fiji; for the two Fijian species previously referred to it the new combinationsLeichardtia stenophylla (A. Gray) A. C. Sm. andTylophora subnuda (A. Gray) A. C. Sm. are proposed. The species ofTylophora occurring in the Fijian Region are reviewed and a new Fijian species,T. venulosa, is described.
Aflatoxin exposure produces serum alphafetoprotein elevations and marked oval cell proliferation in young male Pekin ducklings

Feeding of aflatoxin to ducks produces extensive oval cell proliferation in the liver associated with a prolonged elevation of serum alphafetoprotein (AFP). Short term feeding of 0.075-0.6 microgram/g of aflatoxin to young male Pekin ducks results in rapid and massive dose-related proliferation of "oval" cells, which extend from the portal zone across the hepatic lobule within three to five weeks. Longer term feeding of 0.15 microgram/g and 0.3 microgram/g results in prolonged elevations of serum AFP. Prolonged elevation of serum AFP serves as a marker of oval cell proliferation preceding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. These results confirm that ducks are sensitive to low amounts of aflatoxin and develop early lesions that have been shown in other studies to be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings in ducks support the likelihood that aflatoxin exposure contributes to the risk for development of HCC in humans.
Evaluation of saccharin intake and expression of fructose-conditioned flavor preferences following opioid receptor antagonism in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala or lateral hypothalamus in rats

In prior studies, systemic opioid receptor antagonism with naltrexone (NTX) failed to block flavor preference conditioning by the sweet taste or post-oral actions of sugar despite reducing overall flavored saccharin intake. Further, NTX microinjections into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell or core failed to alter the expression of preferences conditioned by the sweet taste or post-oral actions of sugars. In contrast, fructose-conditioned flavor preferences (CFP) were reduced or eliminated by systemic or intracerebral administration of dopamine (DA) D1 or D2 antagonists in the NAc, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala (AMY) or lateral hypothalamus (LH). The present study examined whether NTX microinjections into the mPFC, AMY or LH would alter expression of fructose-CFP and total flavored saccharin intake. Food-restricted rats with bilateral cannulae aimed at the mPFC, AMY or LH were trained to drink a fructose (8%)+saccharin (0.2%) solution mixed with one flavor (CS+, e.g., cherry) and a 0.2% saccharin solution mixed with another flavor (CS-, e.g., grape) during 10 one-bottle sessions. Two-bottle tests with the cherry and grape flavors in 0.2% saccharin solutions occurred 10min following total bilateral NTX doses of 0, 1, 25 and 50μg administered into the mPFC, AMY or LH. Rats preferred the CS+ over CS- flavor following vehicle and all NTX doses administered into either the mPFC or LH. CS+ intake was significantly greater than CS- intake following vehicle and the low NTX dose in the AMY; however, at the 25 and 50μg AMY NTX doses, CS+ intakes did not significantly exceed CS- intakes. Total flavored saccharin intake was significantly reduced by all three LH NTX doses (20-35%), by the 25 (14%) and 50 (22%)μg AMY NTX doses, but not by mPFC NTX. Thus, opioid antagonism in the AMY, but not the mPFC or LH attenuated, but did not block the expression of fructose-CFP, and LH and AMY, but not mPFC, NTX significantly reduced total saccharin intake. Therefore, whereas opioid antagonism in the LH and AMY reduces sweet intake, they appear less effective in altering fructose-CFP.
Toward a Measurement Model of the Affect Intensity Measure: A Three-Factor Structure☆

Larsen (1984) developed the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM) as a measure of a theoretical unidimensional construct referred to as affect intensity, or the characteristic strength with which people experience emotions. Study 1 investigated the goodness-of-fit of five different measurement models of the AIM, using two independent samples of undergraduates (Ns = 673 and 631). For both samples, the best-fitting model consisted of three factors (Positive Affectivity, Negative Intensity, Negative Reactivity) that explained roughly 80% of the common variance in responses to a subset of 27 AIM items. Additional analyses revealed that women scored higher on Negative Reactivity than did men and were more emotionally reactive to negative stimuli than to positive, whereas men were more reactive to positive stimuli than to negative. These gender differences are explained in terms of differential socialization, which makes females more willing or able to express negative emotions relative to males. Study 2 assessed the discriminant validity of the three-factor model, relative to unidimensional AIM total score, in predicting dimensions of dispositional empathy as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1983). The three AIM factors together explained more variance in dispositional empathy than did AIM total score, with the increase inR2ranging from a low of 8% (for Fantasy) to a high of 125% (for Perspective Taking). Demonstrating discriminant validity, each AIM factor showed a different pattern of relations with the IRI subscales, and Negative Reactivity was more strongly predictive of dispositional empathy than were the other two AIM factors. These results corroborate the multidimensionality of affect intensity and highlight the importance of distinguishing between the characteristic strength of negative emotions when they are experienced (i.e., dispositional intensity) and the characteristic strength of emotions expressed in response to aversive stimuli (i.e., dispositional reactivity).
Strength of a dental glass-ceramic after surface coating

Clinical evidence suggests that using a resin luting agent rather than a traditional cement reduces the fracture incidence of glass-ceramic crowns. There is some evidence from stress analysis and fractography to indicate that fracture failure is typically initiated from their internal surface. The objective of this study was to determine if surface treatments and cement coatings of the fracture-initiating surface affected fracture stresses of ceramic discs in vitro. Glass-ceramic discs were cast, crystallized, and given various treatments. The discs were fractured with a ball-on-ring of balls biaxial fixture in air. The maximum stresses at the ceramic-coating interface were calculated using the bi-layer material equations. ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range test revealed that resin coating the fracture-initiating surface increased the biaxial fracture strength of the glass-ceramic discs by 33%. The effect was not reduced by short-term water storage. Etching alone did not significantly alter strength. The results suggest that crack-bridging is the most likely mechanism for the strengthening. Selecting techniques and materials that are likely to enhance crack-bridging may be a practical method of improving the performance of ceramic dental restorations.
Pattern-guided smoke animation with lagrangian coherent structure

Fluid animation practitioners face great challenges from the complexity of flow dynamics and the high cost of numerical simulation. A major hindrance is the uncertainty of fluid behavior after simulation resolution increases and extra turbulent effects are added. In this paper, we propose to regulate fluid animations with predesigned flow patterns. Animators can design their desired fluid behavior with fast, low-cost simulations. Flow patterns are then extracted from the results by the Lagrangian Coherent Structure (LCS) that represents major flow skeleton. Therefore, the final high-quality animation is confined towards the designed behavior by applying the patterns to drive high-resolution and turbulent simulations. The pattern regulation is easily computed and achieves controllable variance in the output. The method makes it easy to design special fluid effects, which increases the usability and scalability of various advanced fluid modeling technologies.
Day and night soil respiration from a grassland

Abstract Day and night soil respiration from a tallgrass prairie in north-east Kansas were compared using the static chamber method with alkali absorption. On each of 18 days and nights in the summer of 1987. 20 observations were made with chambers inserted into the soil on bare spots between plants. The average day and night soil respiration rates were 120 and 100μg CO2m−2s−1, respectively. Under drier soil conditions soil respiration was greater during the day than during the night. However, day and night soil respiration rates were not significantly different when the volumetric soil water content was > 0.22 m3m−3. More similar day and night soil respiration rates under wetter soil conditions were attributed to two factors. First, reduced diurnal variability in soil temperature and second, relatively less day root respiration and relatively more night surface soil microbial respiration compared to dry soil conditions. The portion of variability in soil respiration rate explained by soil water content was greater for nocturnal soil respiration than for day soil respiration, indicating that factors other than soil water content have more influence on soil respiration rate during the day than during the night. Day respiration rates were not precisely predicted by using the previous night's respiration rate and soil water content. Day and night soil respiration may both need to be measured to completely and accurately determine the soil respiration component of the carbon balance. Whether day soil respiration rates exceed those during the night depends upon the interactive effects of temperature and water on soil biological activity.
Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on dark adaptation in the rat retina

Abstract 6-Hydroxydopamine administered intravitreously to light-adapted rats appears to prevent the recovery of retinal sensitivity during subsequent dark adaptation through its interaction with the photochemical mechanisms.
Regulation of P-glycoprotein in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

METHODS: NEC was induced in neonatal rats by formula feeding/ hypoxia for 4 days; control animals were breast-fed. Mucosal scrapings were obtained from the terminal ileum on day 4 of life. IEC-6 cells were treated with IFN-gamma, IL1-beta, TNF-alpha or a nitric oxide donor (SNAP) for 24 hours. Pgp expression in ileal mucosal scrapings and IEC-6 cells was determined by western blot. Protein levels were quantified with band densitometry and normalized to b-actin. Gene expression of mdr1a in mucosal scrapings was assessed by real time RT-PCR (normalized to acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein). Data are expressed as mean SEM and analyzed using student’s t-test.
Effect of Clenbuterol on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Function During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Background High-dose clenbuterol (a selective β 2 -adrenergic agonist) has been proposed to promote myocardial recovery during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, but its effects on cardiac and skeletal muscle are largely unknown. Methods Seven subjects with heart failure (5 ischemic, 2 non-ischemic) were started on oral clenbuterol 5 to 46 weeks post-LVAD implantation and up-titrated to daily doses of 720 μg. The following procedures were performed at baseline and after 3 months of therapy: echocardiography at reduced support (4 liters/min); cardiopulmonary exercise testing; body composition analysis; and quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Myocardial histologic analysis was measured at device implantation and explantation. Results There were no serious adverse events or arrhythmias. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was elevated in 4 subjects, with no clinical sequelae. No change in ejection fraction was seen. End-diastolic dimension increased significantly (4.73 ± 0.67 vs 5.24 ± 0.66; p p p Conclusions Cardiac function did not improve in this cohort of LVAD patients treated with high-dose clenbuterol. However, clenbuterol therapy increased skeletal muscle mass and strength and prevented the expected decrease in myocyte size during LVAD support. Further study will clarify its potential for cardiac and skeletal muscle recovery.
A morphologic and cytochemical study on the great alveolar cell.

Lungs front marsupials, bats and rodents were studied by light and electron microscopy. In all three groups, the great alveolar cells exhibit similar morphologic and cyt.ochemical characteristics. Cytoplasmic vacuoles seen its these cells by light microscopy correspond to cytosomes that are demonstrable in them by electron microscopy. Such cytosomes are osniiophilic, periodic acid-Schiff -positive amid stainable with Sudan black after acetone extraction. After fixation in a mixture of aldehydes, followed by extraction its chloroform-methanol and postflxation in osmiuni let roxide, cytosonies lose their osmiophilia. The cytoplasm of the great alveolar cell is notable for a loosely ordered granular endoplasmic reticulum, an extensive Golgi apparat.us and numerous iii ivesicular bodies. Many forms transitional in appearance between mult ivesicular bodies and cytosomes are present. In these, osmiophilic matter occupies the intervesicular space. It. is proposed that these bodies are the precursors of cytosomes. The cytosomes are imit.erpreted to be products of the “lysosomal” system in this cell. Ultimately they are secreted onto the alveolar surface.
Centrality dependence of charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130-GeV

We present a measurement of the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles near midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=130 \mathrm{GeV}$ as a function of the number of participating nucleons. The pseudorapidity density, ${\mathrm{dN}}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\ensuremath{\eta}{|}_{|\ensuremath{\eta}|l1}/(\frac{1}{2}〈{N}_{\mathrm{part}}〉),$ rises from $2.87\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21$ in peripheral events $(〈{N}_{\mathrm{part}}〉\ensuremath{\sim}83)$ to $3.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18$ in central events $(〈{N}_{\mathrm{part}}〉\ensuremath{\sim}353),$ which is $53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8%$ higher than $p\overline{p}$ collisions at a similar center-of-mass energy. This is consistent with an additional contribution to charged particle production that scales with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions ${(N}_{\mathrm{coll}}).$
Industrial and Organizational Psychology Programme at the University of Colorado at Denver

This article describes the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Programme at the University of Colorado at Denver (CU-Denver). First, we provide an overview of the programme's most salient characteristics and objectives. Next, we summarize five ongoing research programmes being conducted at CU-Denver: (a) Social Power and Influence in Organizations, (b) Personnel Selection, (c) Applied Research Methods, (d) Training Evaluation, and (e) Cognitive Assessment. For each research programme we describe (a) primary questions addressed, (b) selective recent findings, and (c) current projects and future directions. Finally, we describe the role and current activities of the Centre for Applied Psychology
Clinical online recommendation with subgroup rank feedback

Many real applications in experimental design need to make decisions online. Each decision leads to a stochastic reward with initially unknown distribution. New decisions are made based on the observations of previous rewards. To maximize the total reward, one needs to solve the tradeoff between exploring different strategies and exploiting currently optimal strategies. This kind of tradeoff problems can be formalized as Multi-armed bandit problem. We recommend strategies in series and generate new recommendations based on noisy rewards of previous strategies. When the reward for a strategy is difficult to quantify, classical bandit algorithms are no longer optimal. This paper, studies the Multi-armed bandit problem with feedback given as a stochastic rank list instead of quantified reward values. We propose an algorithm for this new problem and show its optimality. A real application of this algorithm on clinical treatment is helping paralyzed patient to regain the ability to stand on their own feet.
Optically powered optoelectric switch with polarization routing

The authors demonstrate a novel, optically powered, optoelectronic switch with polarization routing of data. The bandwidth of the system is 140 Mb/s. Electrical crosstalk between channels was measured to be 30 dB lower in an optically powered as compared to a similar, electrically powered circuit with capacitive interstage decoupling. Optical crosstalk between the two switch channels was measured to be -30 dB. Extension of the experiment to a monolithically integrated circuit is discussed. Switch packing densities of greater than 100 cm/sup -2/ are shown to be easily achievable. >
Compensating for patient respiration in PET/CT imaging with the registered and summed phases (RASP) procedure

PET/CT imaging has introduced new challenges in accurate quantitation of lung nodules due to respiratory motion and mismatches in CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC). We used Monte Carlo simulations to investigate how respiratory-correlated CTAC can be optimized to account for mis-registration between the AC data and the PET data due to respiratory motion. This step also allows compensating for increased emission noise in respiratory-gated PET images by non-rigid image registration of the CTAC phases. These registration parameters are then applied to the attenuation-corrected PET phase images, which are then summed to reduce noise. A significant increase in the final PET SNR is demonstrated.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia 21 with Retardation

Investigators at Universite de Lille Nord de France, and other centers in France, report the identification of a novel causative gene for spinocerebellar ataxia 21, an autosomal dominant disorder, initially mapped to chromosome 7 and designated as SCA21.
Assurance on the reliability of mobile payment system and its effects on its' use: An empirical examination

Mobile Payment Systems (MPS) such as Google Wallet are an emerging technology. This paper examines if mobile assurance as provided by examining the five criteria, namely security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality and pr ivacy (as per the Trust Framework by the American Institute of Certified Public(AICPA)) has any relationship with use of MPS. The theory used for this study is technology acceptancemodel (TAM). Some new measures were developed and validated.The data was collected by a survey and Structure Equation Model was used to analyze the data collected. The results of the study indicated that security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality and privacy has a positive relation with the attit ude towards use mobile payment system. The results of the study data suggest that mobile assurance using any of the trust services correctly predict the intention to use such Mobile payment systems. The contribution of this study is that this paper extends the TAM model to include the trust framework with an emerging technology such as MPS. Another contribution of this study is to provideempirical support in favor of engagements to provide assurance
A Comparison of Posterior Simulation and Inference by Combining Rules for Multiple Imputation

Multiple imputation is a common approach for handling missing data. It is also used by government agencies to protect confidential information in public use data files. One reason for the popularity of multiple imputation approaches is ease of use: analysts make inferences by combining point and variance estimates with simple rules. These combining rules are based on method of moments approximations to full Bayesian inference. With modern computing, however, it is as easy to perform the full Bayesian inference as it is to combine point and variance estimates. This begs the question: is there any advantage of using full Bayesian inference over multiple imputation combining rules? We use simulation studies to investigate this question. We find that, in general, the full Bayesian inference is not preferable to using the combining rules in multiple imputation for missing data. The full Bayesian inference can have advantages over the combining rules when using multiple imputation to protect confidential information.
Options, Functions, and Skills: What an Organizational Ombudsman Might Want to Know

In this article I have tried to outline the present day practice of organizational ombudsmanry in North America, as I understand it thus far. I have drawn on very generous contributions from others in the profession, from my own experience, and from research. Probably no ombudsperson lives up, every day, to the standards he or she has set for good judgment, fairness, compassion, neutrality, respect for others — for true and ethical professionalism. These are qualities that may be instinctive in some people but which may be acquired by all of us in greater measure through study and self-reflection — as I learn from the steadfast examples of close colleagues around North America.
The 21-gene recurrence score complements IBTR! Estimates in early-stage, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-normal, lymph node-negative breast cancer

Clinicians have traditionally used clinicopathological (CP) factors to determine locoregional recurrence (LR) risk of breast cancer and have generated the IBTR! nomogram to predict the risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay was recently correlated with LR in retrospective studies. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the RS and IBTR!. CP characteristics of 308 consecutive patients who underwent RS testing at our institution were examined. IBTR! was used to estimate the risk of 10-year IBTR. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the RS with the estimated IBTR!. Given a low event rate in this cohort, actual IBTR rates were not reported. Most patients had stage I/II (98%) and grade I/II (77%) disease. Median age was 54 years (range, 30–78). Median IBTR! without radiation therapy was 10% (mean, 12% [range, 4-43%]). RS was low ( 30) in 52% (n = 160), 40% (n = 123), and 8% (n = 25) patients. Overall, IBTR! did not correlate with RS (P = .77). We saw no correlation between RS and IBTR! in patients with less than (P = .32) or greater than (P = .48) a 10% risk of IBTR. Interestingly, Ki-67 expression correlated with both IBTR! (P = .019) and the RS (P = .002). Further study is warranted to determine if the RS can provide complementary biological information to CP factors in estimating the risk of LR. Prospective studies evaluating this association may potentially allow for individualized treatment decisions.
Nested sampling of isobaric phase space for the direct evaluation of the isothermal-isobaric partition function of atomic systems

Nested Sampling (NS) is a powerful athermal statistical mechanical sampling technique that directly calculates the partition function, and hence gives access to all thermodynamic quantities in absolute terms, including absolute free energies and absolute entropies. NS has been used predominately to compute the canonical (NVT) partition function. Although NS has recently been used to obtain the isothermal-isobaric (NPT) partition function of the hard sphere model, a general approach to the computation of the NPT partition function has yet to be developed. Here, we describe an isobaric NS (IBNS) method which allows for the computation of the NPT partition function of any atomic system. We demonstrate IBNS on two finite Lennard-Jones systems and confirm the results through comparison to parallel tempering Monte Carlo. Temperature-entropy plots are constructed as well as a simple pressure-temperature phase diagram for each system. We further demonstrate IBNS by computing part of the pressure-temperature phase diagram of a Lennard-Jones system under periodic boundary conditions.
Letter Opinion on ERA: A Test of the Newspaper Bias Hypothesis

This paper compares letter opinion (opinions expressed in published letters-to-the-editor) with public opinion on ERA. Prior research has suggested that letter opinion is biased by atypical letter writers or by newspaper editorial policies which are used to select letters for publication. Drawing on a national sample of 92 daily newspapers, no substantial difference between letter opinion and public opinion on ERA is detected. Little support is found for the hypothesis that newspaper policies bias letter opinion. David B. Hill is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University. The author is indebted to Yvonne Kisiel and Kathie Jewell for invaluable assistance in the collection and reading of the letters-to-the-editor which are analyzed herein. Anonymous reviewers for this Quarterly made several helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 45:384-392 ? 1981 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/81/0045-384/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.191 on Tue, 11 Oct 2016 04:40:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms LETTER OPINION ON ERA 385 This paper examines letters-to-the-editor which comment on the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Letter opinion drawn from a national sampling of daily newspapers is compared with public opinion to determine the representativeness of the former. The biasing effect of letter publication policies is evaluated by comparing letter opinion of newspapers which publish all letters they receive with letter opinion of newspapers which exercise editorial control over publication of letters.
Understanding Work/Life Blending: Credibility Implications for Those Who Date at Work

This study examined the credibility implications of employees who date at work. A 2 (status dynamic of the romance) × 2 (sex of the peer) design was used to examine effects of workplace romance on perceptions of credibility. One hundred and forty full-time working adults assessed the credibility of a hypothetical coworker who was involved in a workplace romance. Results indicate that peers who date superiors are viewed as less caring and less trustworthy than are peers who date equal status employees. Sex and status interacted such that women dating superiors versus peers were perceived as less caring and less trustworthy, whereas perceptions of men did not differ based on the status of their relational partners. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Intrauterine Foreign Bodies: A Toxic Effect of Leukocyte Extracts on Rat Morulae in Vitro

To test the hypothesis that fertilized ova might be killed in uteri containing foreign bodies because toxic factors were released into the uterine lumen by degenerating polymorphonuclear cells extracts from polymorphonuclearleukocytes were added to in vitro cultures of rat morulae. Addition of the extract led to arrested development of the ova. Blastocyst cavities were not formed. Studies of the in vitro development arresting factors showed that the toxic factors were present in all 8 cell types assayed were resistant to healing at acid or alkaline pH were not associated with leukocyte lysozymes and could be fractionated into 3 nontoxic fractions.
Fatigue Tests of Riveted or Bolted Aluminum Alloy Joints

Results for monobloc specimens, butt joints, and lap joint indicate that specimens with idle rivets have higher fatigue strengths than those with open holes; symmetrical joints have high fatigue strengths; joints with tightly drawn bolts or flush head rivets have higher fatigue strengths than joints with protruding head rivets; manner in which current ASCE design specifications can be improved.
Principal Components of Body Shape Variation within an Endemic Radiation of Threespine Stickleback

Principal component analysis of superimposition coordinates and partial warp scores (i.e., RWs) are used to explore patterns of body shape variation among 32 samples of lacustrine threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, from Cook Inlet, Alaska. Principal components from orthogonal least squares, orthogonal resistant fit, affine least squares and affine resistant fit superimpositions are compared with each other and with the RWs. The pattern of body shape variation described by the first component of all five methods is extremely similar. This pattern describes a body shape with caudally positioned dorsal spines, a poorly developed pelvic girdle and short median fins at one extreme of an axis and a body shape with cranially positioned dorsal spines, a robust pelvis and long median fins at the opposite extreme. This pattern suggests a predator effect, which is supported by differences in first component scores between sticklebacks inhabiting lakes with and without native predatory fish. The second component of the orthogonal analyses and the uniform parameters of the affine analyses describe similar patterns of body form variation. This component describes a body shape with a long snout, shallow body and long caudal peduncle at one extreme of an axis and a body shape with a short snout, deep body, and short, deep caudal peduncle at the opposite extreme. This pattern suggests a foraging effect. Interestingly, a foraging effect is supported only in lakes with native predatory fish. Sticklebacks inhabiting lakes without native predatory fish tend to have body shapes representing open-water foragers regardless of habitat type.
Microdevice-Based System for Rapid Catalyst Development

The following describes the implementation of a silicon microreactor as a tool for characterizing materials for use as heterogeneous gas-solid catalysts. We developed a complete system that can replace typical laboratory reactors that are known to have higher infrastructure requirements and to operate more sluggishly than microreactor systems. Using a model hydrogenation reaction, the microreactor system proved to generate catalytic data equivalent to literature reports in a timely, cost-effective manner. These results show the viability of microreactors for laboratory reaction systems for rapid and efficient catalyst development.
In Vitro Clumping of Platelets Exposed to Low Intensity Ultrasound

Determination of the minimum intensity levels (and/or minimum sonation times) under which ultrasound produces significant changes in living systems is the concern of this report. Basic information on these minimum values is prerequisite for any systematic determination of best conditions for use of either diagnostic or therapeutic ultrasound. Present evidence suggests that bio-effects occur at low intensity-time values when microscopic gas bodies are present of a size appropriate for resonance at the frequency used. Such small bodies (typically only a few microns in diameter) are normally short-lived, because they tend to dissolve quickly unless stabilized against diffusion. In tissues or body fluids it is possible that microbodies of gas are stabilized in small spaces between cells, in “traps” on rough surfaces, or by organic “skins”. In our experiments we investigate the consequences of such possibilities during ultrasonation by use of model systems.