cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Relationships among Attitude toward Business, Product Satisfaction, Experience, and Search Effort:

A simple structural model relating attitudes toward business to product satisfaction, experience in shopping, and search effort is proposed and tested by use of confirmatory factor analysis (COFAMM...
Ventilation changes associated with hatching and maturation of an endothermic phenotype in the Pekin duck, Anas platyrhynchos domestica.

Precocial birds begin embryonic life with an ectothermic metabolic phenotype and rapidly develop an endothermic phenotype after hatching. Switching to a high-energy, endothermic phenotype requires high-functioning respiratory and cardiovascular systems to deliver sufficient environmental oxygen to the tissues. We measured tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (ƒ), minute ventilation (Ve), and whole-animal oxygen consumption (Vo2) in response to gradual cooling from 37.5°C (externally pipped paranates, EP) or 35°C (hatchlings) to 20°C along with response to hypercapnia during developmental transition from an ectothermic, EP paranate to endothermic hatchling. To examine potential eggshell constraints on EP ventilation, we repeated these experiments in artificially hatched early and late EP paranates. Hatchlings and artificially hatched late EP paranates were able to increase Vo2significantly in response to cooling. EP paranates had high ƒ that decreased with cooling, coupled with an unchanging low VT and did not respond to hypercapnia. Hatchlings had significantly lower ƒ and higher VT and Ve that increased with cooling and hypercapnia. In response to artificial hatching, all ventilation values quickly reached those of hatchlings and responded to hypercapnia. The timing of artificial hatching influenced the temperature response, with only artificially hatched late EP animals, exhibiting the hatchling ventilation response to cooling. We suggest one potential constraint on ventilatory responses of EP paranates is the rigid eggshell, limiting air sac expansion during inhalation and constraining VT Upon natural or artificial hatching, the VT limitation is removed and the animal is able to increase VT, Ve, and thus Vo2, and exhibit an endothermic phenotype.
Electro-thermal MEMS fiber scanner for endoscopic optical coherence tomography(Conference Presentation)

Publisher’s Note: This conference presentation, originally published on 26 April 2016, was withdrawn per author request.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of virus hepatitis in Mengshan County of Guangxi from 2006-2011

[Objective]To understand the trend,change and epidemiological characteristics of virus hepatitis in Mengshan County of Guangxi,explore the further control strategies.[Methods]By using the descriptive epidemiology method,the data of virus hepatitis from 2006-2011 were statistically analyzed.[Results]A total of 2 259 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Mengshan County from 2006-2011,with the average annual incidence of 174.81/lakh.There were 1 542 male cases and 717 female cases,with the sex ratio of 2.15∶ 1.The cases were reported in every village and town,and the top three township with the highest Town incidence rate was Mengshan Town(include prefectural units),Wenxu Town and Xihe Town.The cases occurred every month.The cases of hepatitis B accounted for 74.72%,followed by hepatitis C,undifferentiated type hepatitis,hepatitis A and hepatitis E.62.46% of patients were people aged 20-40 years old,and most cases were farmers,which accounted for 74.02%.[Conclusion]The incidence rate of viral hepatitis shows a rising trend in Mengshan County.The prevention should be based on hepatitis B control,and the most effective and reliable way is prevention and control strategy that is dominated by hepatitis B vaccination,especially the strengthening immunization among children under 15 years old.It is urgent to enhance the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine among adult,especially young men,to improve the immunity.The hepatitis B vaccination in? the first 24 hours after birth should be strengthened,so as to protect susceptible population.
My story: living with narcolepsy.

A 34-year-old ED nurse discusses how her life has changed after developing narcolepsy with severe cataplexy. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Presque Isle Breakwaters: Successful Failures?

Fifty-five breakwaters were constructed in 1992 along Presque Isle, a 7 mile-long spit extending into Lake Erie, Pennsylvania. A US Army Corps of Engineers Project, the breakwaters have halted the minor erosion along much of the peninsula and a good swimming beach has been retained. On the other hand, sand was predicted to continue to flow behind the breakwaters and it has not. This has required annual bulldozing of around 30,000 cubic yards per year to remove tombolos. Preservation of Gull Point, a critical natural area at the tip of the peninsula was also an important element of the original design and environmental impact statement but it has suffered severe erosion because the breakwaters blocked the point’s sand supply. Engineering groups have declared the project to be a great success in spite of breakwater impacts on sand flow and the preservation of Gull Point. The Presque Isle project emphasizes the need for monitoring of project success or failure by independent groups.
Improving boiler performance during partial load rejections using a mixed fuzzy logic and LQG/LTR approach

Partial or full load rejections occur due to loss of one or more transmission lines or similar faults. Withstanding power station load rejections depends almost exclusively on the boiler control. This paper presents a fuzzy supervisory scheme to improve the performance of the boiler drum water level during such disturbances. This scheme consists of a robust local controller designed using the linear quadratic Gaussian with loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR). The level set-point to the controller is modified whenever necessary by a fuzzy logic based supervisor.
Geomorphic characteristics of small seeps and fens in a glaciated landscape

Stratigraphic slope wetlands result from discharging ground water and can be found anywhere in dissected landscapes. Both seeps and fens are stratigraphic slope wetlands and the difference between the two in the Midwestern USA is not always clearly defined. Geomorphic features of 30 stratigraphic slope wetlands in Muscatine County, Iowa were measured using global positioning system and geographic information system technology. One-way ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses that the area, elevation, and/or slope would be significantly different between seeps and fens of diffe - ring parent material. The results suggest that fens and seeps are geomorphically indistinguishable from one another.
Formation and size distribution of self-assembled vesicles

When detergents and phospholipid membranes are dispersed in aqueous solutions, they tend to self-assemble into vesicles of various shapes and sizes by virtue of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. A clearer understanding of such vesiculation processes holds promise for better elucidation of human physiology and disease, and paves the way to improved diagnostics, drug development, and drug delivery. Here we present a detailed analysis of the energetics and thermodynamics of vesiculation by recourse to nonlinear elasticity, taking into account large deformation that may arise during the vesiculation process. The effects of membrane size, spontaneous curvature, and membrane stiffness on vesiculation and vesicle size distribution were investigated, and the critical size for vesicle formation was determined and found to compare favorably with available experimental evidence. Our analysis also showed that the critical membrane size for spontaneous vesiculation was correlated with membrane thickness, and further illustrated how the combined effects of membrane thickness and physical properties influenced the size, shape, and distribution of vesicles. These findings shed light on the formation of physiological extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes. The findings also suggest pathways for manipulating the size, shape, distribution, and physical properties of synthetic vesicles, with potential applications in vesicle physiology, the pathobiology of cancer and other diseases, diagnostics using in vivo liquid biopsy, and drug delivery methods.
Radiated emissions and susceptibility - test methodology

Test procedures for Radiated Emissions and Susceptibility are reviewed. Open air range emissions testing is compared to shielded chamber testing. Closed–loop and open–loop testing are discussed. Automated and manual data acquisition and test control for susceptibility testing are compared. Component level (TEM Cell, Strip Line, etc.) and vehicle level test techniques are discussed.
Macrophage type 2 differentiation in a patient with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma to the cervical lymph nodes

The tumor microenvironment often polarizes infiltrating macrophages towards a type 2, or M2 phenotype, that is characterized by expression of various cysteine-rich, scavenger receptors, including CD163. The primary function of M2 macrophages is to facilitate wound healing. As such, they are capable of providing metabolic support to a growing tumor, neovascularization, as well as protection from cytotoxic T cells. The tumor microenvironment contains a milieu of secreted factors and vesicles, which in certain circumstances can gain access to lymphatic vessels that drain to local lymph nodes. We report a 59-year-old male with recurrent T4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx with synchronous prostate adenocarcinoma confined to the prostate and regional pelvic lymph nodes, without metastatic disease. The patient underwent salvage total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection with final pathology revealing a recurrent moderately differentiated SCC involving the larynx as well as prostate cancer in draining level 4 cervical lymph nodes bilaterally. CD163 staining was performed on the primary tumor, a negative draining lymph node, and a level four lymph node with a focus of metastatic prostate cancer and compared to benign controls. The negative draining lymph node demonstrated a large CD163 population of cells as did the interface of the focus of prostate cancer and surrounding lymph node. CD163 levels were markedly increased in this patient compared to benign lymph node controls. The macrophage differentiation at the primary tumor in the larynx was strongly CD163 positive supporting an immune permissive environment for tumor growth and metastasis. We describe a unique case of solitary metastatic prostate cancer to cervical lymph nodes in the setting of a laryngeal cancer. These observations suggest that SCC-derived factors drive a tumor-supportive environment in draining lymph nodes dominated by an overwhelming number of CD163+, M2 macrophages. Lymph nodes that are ‘primed’ by SCC differentiation to M2 phenotype may be at higher risk of harboring metastases.
Brownian Motion, Heat Kernels, and Harmonic Functions

Although the boundary behavior of harmonic functions is an old subject (Fatou’s theorem was proved in 1906), interesting results are still being obtained today. In this article we discuss some recent results concerning harmonic functions, heat kernels, and related topics that have been obtained using Brownian motion. In the following sections we will discuss the heat kernels for the Neumann Laplacian, the boundary Harnack principle, the Martin boundary, conditional lifetimes, and the conditional gauge theorem.
Chapter 2 – Design Principles for Supporting Patient-Centered Journeys

Abstract As chronic illnesses become increasingly prevalent, greater responsibilities are placed on patients to manage their health while away from traditional health care settings. Personal health management tools help individuals with their health management, but often focus on isolated tasks or events. In contrast, chronic illnesses, including many types of cancer, are characterized by a broad range of needs as patients grapple with physical, emotional, and logistical challenges throughout care. Furthermore, these challenges change, as patients' needs and goals shift over time; thus these illnesses are better defined as a dynamic journey than a series of singular events. In this work, we assess how personal mobile technologies, integrated into a health care delivery system, may better support an individual's health care journey, using breast cancer as a case study. Our case study includes examining the practices of cancer navigators, characterizing how survivors describe their cancer journeys, and conducting a pilot study of tablet computers designed to offer holistic support to newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Utilizing observations from this case study, we offer a set of design guidelines for supporting patients' personal health management while considering the broad range of challenges that comprise this work.
Acute kidney injury: A rare complication of mothball (Naphthalene) poisoning

Naphthalene poisoning is an uncommon poisoning due to its pungent smell, taste, insolubility in water, and poor absorption from the gut. It rarely occurs in suicidal attempts in adults and in accidental ingestion by children. We present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge encountered while treating a child with naphthalene-induced acute severe hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury from accidental ingestion.
Matrix stiffness regulate apoptotic cell death in HIV-HCV co-infected hepatocytes: Importance for liver fibrosis progression.

HIV-HCV co-infection causes rapid progression of liver fibrosis. These outcomes to liver cirrhosis can be improved, but not stopped by specific antiviral therapies. Due to high significance of HIV-HCV interactions for morbidity and mortality in co-infected patients, our attention was attracted to the multi-component pathogenesis of fibrosis progression as the transition to end-stage liver disease development. In this study, we hypothesize that increased matrix stiffness enhances apoptosis in HCV-HIV-co-infected hepatocytes and that capturing of apoptotic bodies (AB) derived from these infected hepatocytes by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) drives the fibrosis progression. As the source of viruses, JFH1 (HCV genotype 2a) and HIV-1ADA (either purified or containing in infected macrophage supernatants) were chosen. Using Huh7.5-CYP (RLW) cells and primary human hepatocytes mono-infected with HCV and HIV or co-infected, we have shown that both HCV and HIV RNA levels were increased in co-infected cells, which was accompanied by hepatocyte apoptosis. This apoptosis was attenuated by azidothymidine treatment. The levels of both infections and apoptosis were more prominent in primary hepatocytes cultured on substrates mimicking fibrotic stiffness (24 kPa-stiff) compared to substrates mimicking healthy liver (2.4 kPa-soft). The engulfment of AB from pathogen-exposed hepatocytes activated pro-fibrotic mRNAs in HSC. Overall, the increased matrix stiffness is not only a consequence of liver inflammation/fibrosis, but the condition that further accelerates liver fibrosis development. This is attributed to the switching of HSC to pro-fibrotic phenotype by capturing of excessive amounts of apoptotic HCV- and HIV-infected hepatocytes.
What Are Paramilitary Operations

The first chapter defines PMOs and distinguishes them from other, related activities such as special operations. The chapter explains the scope of the book in terms of the PMOs that are considered, namely only pro-insurgency PMOs that support rebel forces or guerrillas. The chapter discusses the motivations for undertaking PMOs and the challenge of measuring the success of PMOs. It is proposed that the ultimate measure of success is the battlefield victory or defeat of proxy forces. Furthermore, it is argued that the issue of ‘blowback’ should be also considered when judging the relative success of a PMO.
Understanding and improving cyber-physical system models and development tools

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in understanding and analyzing cyber-physical system (CPS) models and their development tools. Existing work in this area is limited by the lack of an open corpus of CPS models, which we aim to address by building the by-far largest curated corpus of CPS artifacts. Next, to address the safety-critical aspect of CPS development tools, we discuss the design and evaluation of the very first differential testing framework for arbitrary CPS tool chain. We identify challenges unique to commercial CPS tool chain testing and present a tool implementation which has already found 9 new, confirmed bugs in Simulink, the most widely used CPS development tool.
Feld- und Strominhomogenitäten bei hohen elektrischen Belastungen in Isolatoren und Photoleitern

Inhalt der im folgenden zu beschreibenden Untersuchungen ist der makroskopische Feld- und Stromverlauf im Innern eines festen Korpers. Dabei wird nicht eingegangen auf die in atomaren Dimensionen auftretenden Feldinhomogenitaten, verursacht durch den Aufbau der Materie aus elektrisch geladenen gittereigenen oder gitterfremden Elementarbausteinen. Der Feld- bzw. Stromverlauf wird mit einer neuen elektro-optischen bzw. elektro-thermo-optischen Methode an CdS-Einkristallen untersucht. Bekannte Inhomogenitaten, wie z. B. Randschichten und Stromkanale im Durchschlagsgebiet werden mit dieser Methode bestatigt. Neu beobachtete Effekte, insbesondere plasmaahnliche Raumladungser-scheinungen und kinetische Erscheinungen im Durchschlagsgebiet werden ausfuhrlich diskutiert. Die Konsequenzen fur den Mechanismus des elektrischen Durchschlags werden besprochen.
Gustav Mahler’s Ich Bin der Welt Abhanden Gekommen as Song and Symphonic Movement: Abduction, Over-Coding, and Catachresis

While many have commented upon the manner in which Gustav Mahler quotes both himself and other sources in his music, this stylistic feature of Mahler’s composition has not, to my knowledge, been examined from the perspective of intertextuality. The many intertexts of Mahler’s music include: literary texts of his own creation as well as those by other authors, other musical styles and genres, musical compositions by other composers, and portions of his own oeuvre. Nowhere is Mahler’s musical intertextuality more informative than in the many and varied relationships between his songs and his symphonic compositions. The case of Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen as poem, piano-Lied, orchestral song, and the Adagietto movement of his Symphony No. 5 is one such example. This essay will employ a semiotic methodology to examine: (1) the abductive process by which Mahler approached Ruckert’s poem, (2) the practice of over-coding by which this poem became a piano-Lied, an orchestral song, and finally a purely instrumental symphonic movement, and (3) the manner in which the Adagietto of Mahler’s Symphony No. 5 constitutes a catachresis, or misapplied metaphor, in relation to the text from which it originated.
P021 Desensitization is beneficial in highly anti-hla antibody sensitized patients with platelet refractoriness undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation

Introduction Management of platelet (Plt) refractoriness can be very challenging, expensive and time consuming. Inability to find compatible Plts for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients may result in delay in transplantation and post-transplantation morbidity/mortality. While desensitization protocols are often utilized in DSA-sensitized organ transplant recipients, there is little information available about utility of desensitization in the setting of Plt refractoriness in highly-sensitized HCT recipients. We describe our successful experience with desensitization using a specified protocol. Methods Desensitization protocol: 3weeks, IVIg (daily), plasmapheresis (PP) 3 days/week, and rituximab and bortezomib (once/week after each PP). Anti-HLA antibody studies were performed using LABScreen® (One Lambda®) after each PP and compared with historical antibody results of each patient. Plt-XM studies were performed using Capture-P®, Immucor® assay. Mean MFI values were determined for each HLA antibody, and in aggregate, before and after desensitization. Statistical analyses were by Student t-test, p 0.05 was considered significant, for each and total anti-HLA antibodies. Results Slight reduction in mean MFI values were noted after desensitization (see table), however no statistical significance was noted. %cPRA did not change. None of the individual anti-HLA antibodies changed with statistical significance. All patients achieved adequate Plt incremental increases with transfusions after desensitization. All patients achieved adequate engraftment. Conclusions 1) “Desensitization” is beneficial in the management of Plt refractoriness and allows for successful HCT engraftment. 2) MFI and % cPRA do not appear to be reflective of successful desensitization. (In previous studies we have found that >12-16 weeks of treatment are generally required to see a demonstrable fall in MFI values.) 3) Additional studies are needed for understanding the mechanism(s) that result in the improvement in Plt refractoriness with desensitization, since it does not appear to be due to reduction in anti-HLA antibodies.
Thiabicyclononane-Based Hyperbranched Polycations for Low-Dose Oligonucleotide Delivery

Hyperbranched bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (BCN) polycations were synthesized by the reaction of the bivalent electrophile thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dinitrate with a series of simple tris(pyridine) nucleophiles, including one alkyne-containing nucleophile to allow for postpolymerization functionalization. The hyperbranched polymers were found to be efficient binders of nucleic acid and exhibited higher efficiencies for oligo DNA and siRNA transfection than their linear counterparts, enabling knockdown at low siRNA concentrations to a superior extent than standard hyperbranched polyethylenimine and lipofectamine transfection agents. The use of an amide-containing linkage in the tris(pyridine) building block was found to be highly advantageous, but built-in fragmentability of the polycation structure, a unique potential feature of this new family of materials, did not give significantly better performance.
The IHME in the Shifting Landscape of Global Health Metrics

The rise of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has augured profound changes in the landscape of global health metrics. Primarily funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the IHME has offered donors a platform for assessing many health‐related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators and a toolkit to measure the progress of different countries. The IHME's increasing influence reveals the relative sidelining of international agencies and especially the World Health Organization which has long been central to global health metrics production. This shift reflects a growing conflict between the expertise and norms of national and intergovernmental statistical production on the one hand, and the distinct epistemologies and logics of new non‐state data actors. These transitions – from an international world of statistics to a more plural, global realm of data – have acute implications for the politics and accountability of knowledge production related to the SDGs and development writ large. Even as the SDGs embrace the rubric of ‘no one left behind’, the emerging data politics might be eroding the ability of poorer states to know and act upon their development problems on their own terms.
Migrant transnationalism in violent democracies

We can strengthen our understanding of the relationship between transnational migration and origin-country politics by starting with the premise that violence is a key feature of democratic politic...
Going Global: Climate Change Discourse in Presidential Communications

ABSTRACTThis study examines the contexts likely to influence the U.S. president to invoke climate change and how he might alter the content of his message based on these contexts. I draw on two dat...
What discourse analytic approaches contribute to the study of language and autism: A focus on conversation analysis

In this article, we offer a framework for conceptualizing the contribution of discourse analytic approaches to the study of the verbal communication of children with autism, with an emphasis on conversation analysis. We argue that insights from these approaches serve to complexify traditional deficit interpretations of prototypical features of autistic language, such as pronoun atypicality, pragmatic difficulties, and echolalia. Our framework is presented in three parts, each comprising a theoretical premise about language made by discourse analytic approaches and the premise’s methodological corollary. To illustrate, we analyze extracts from three children with autism, pointing to competencies and interactional processes and that are largely invisible in mainstream research. Finally, we describe how these insights offer fruitful suggestions for clinical intervention.
TDP-43 proteinopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegeneration

Genetic mutations in TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Importantly, TDP-43 proteinopathy, characterized by aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, cleavage or nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in neurons and glial cells, is a common prominent pathological feature of various major neurodegenerative diseases including ALS, FTD, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the pathomechanisms underlying TDP-43 proteinopathy remain elusive, pathologically relevant TDP-43 has been repeatedly shown to be present in either the inside or outside of mitochondria, and functionally involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, trafficking, and function, suggesting mitochondria as likely targets of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In this review, we first describe the current knowledge of the association of TDP-43 with mitochondria. We then review in detail multiple mitochondrial pathways perturbed by pathological TDP-43, including mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics, mitochondrial trafficking, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial quality control. Lastly, we briefly discuss how the study of TDP-43 proteinopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities may provide new avenues for neurodegeneration therapeutics.
Climate Effects on Food Security: An Overview

There are roughly 1 billion food insecure people in the world today, each having this status because food is unavailable to them, because it is unaffordable, or because they are too unhealthy to make use of it – or some combination of the three. Assessing the potential effects of climate change on food security requires understanding the underlying determinants of these three aspects of food security – availability, access, and utilization – and how climate change might affect each. This chapter explores these aspects and determinants of food security, summarizing the basic mechanisms by which climate change might impact the lives of the global food insecure.
Greater Sage-Grouse Chick Killed by Great Basin Gopher Snake

Despite extensive range overlap between Great Basin gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) and Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) within sagebrush ecosystems, there are few documented predator–prey interactions between these species. Although gopher snakes have been observed preying on nests of other prairie grouse, studies that used video-monitoring at sage-grouse nests found gopher snakes unable to consume sage-grouse eggs and reported just a single instance of a snake consuming a <1-day-old chick in a nest bowl. On the morning of 4 June 2018 at 04:55, we observed a Great Basin gopher snake killing, constricting, and attempting to consume a 19-day-old sage-grouse chick in the foothills of the Owyhee Mountains, southwestern Idaho. This observation is the first record of a gopher snake killing a sage-grouse chick during the late brood-rearing period and highlights the likelihood that large gopher snakes are a cause of chick mortality from hatch day to at least 19 days post-hatch.
Preferences for the resolution of uncertainty and the timing of information

Abstract We present results from a laboratory experiment designed to elicit preferences over the resolution of uncertainty and timing of non-instrumental information acquisition in a rich choice set. Treatments vary whether the uncertainty is framed as a compound lottery or information structure. We find that individuals prefer to delay uncertainty resolution when the choice is framed as a compound lottery and prefer to expedite uncertainty resolution when framed as an information structure. Preferences are strict, as individuals are willing to pay for information in one treatment and they pay to avoid information in the other. We find no evidence of an aversion to gradual resolution in either context.
Activating student engagement with concept mapping: A Web GIS case study

With the increasing availability of web mapping application programming interfaces, those tasked with the job of developing and designing web-based geographic information systems (Web GIS) are face...
Fundamentals of Capacitive Charge Storage in Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices known for their large power densities and long lifetimes yet limited energy densities. A conventional understanding of supercapacitors relates the high power to fast ion accumulation at the polarized electrode interface, forming the so-called electric double layer (EDL), and the low energy to limited electrode surface area (SA). As such, carbon-based nanomaterials have been extensively explored as high SA electrode materials. Interestingly, anomalous and nonlinear relationships between observed capacitances and SAs have recently emerged. These observations suggest that a gap exists in our fundamental understanding of charge storage mechanisms due to the introduction of low-dimensional materials. In this chapter, we review new physical insights from both quantum mechanical calculations and atomistic simulations of two broad types of carbon-based nanomaterials. First, the study of graphene-derived materials has highlighted the importance of competing contributions from the electrode and EDL capacitance. Furthermore, the study of nanoporous carbons has elucidated the importance of charging dynamics. Taken together, these findings can be generalized to establish design principles for future electrode materials.
Abstract PR-002: SIRT2 promotes BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization through deacetylation

The breast cancer type I susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and BRCA1-associated RING domain protein I (BARD1) heterodimer promotes genome integrity through pleiotropic functions, including DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR). BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization is required for their mutual stability, HR function, and role in tumor suppression; however, the upstream signaling events governing BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization are unclear. Here, we show that SIRT2, a sirtuin deacetylase and breast tumor suppressor, promotes BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization through deacetylation. SIRT2 complexes with BRCA1-BARD1 and deacetylates conserved lysines in the BARD1 RING domain, interfacing BRCA1, which promotes BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization and consequently BRCA1-BARD1 stability, nuclear retention, and localization to DNA damage sites, as well as efficient HR. Our findings define a mechanism for regulation of BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization through SIRT2 deacetylation, elucidating a critical upstream signaling event directing BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization, which facilitates HR and tumor suppression, and delineating a role for SIRT2 in directing DSB repair by HR. Citation Format: Elizabeth V. Minten, Priya Kappor-Vazirani, Chunyang Li, Hui Zhang, Kamakshi Balakrishnan, David S. Yu. SIRT2 promotes BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimerization through deacetylation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PR-002.
Chapter 71 Autologous adrenal medulla to caudate nucleus transplantation in advanced Parkinson's disease: 18 month results

Publisher Summary This chapter examines autologous adrenal medulla to caudate nucleus transplantation in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). In the study described in the chapter, only patients who had previously demonstrated a good response to L-dopa and were experiencing motor fluctuations were selected in an attempt to ensure that all had idiopathic Parkinson's disease and retained some capacity to respond to dopaminergic therapy. Patients with atypical Parkinsonism, secondary Parkinsonism, or a clinically significant dementia were excluded. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and computed tomography (CT) imaging of the abdomen. A small caudate biopsy created an implantation cavity into which the small (0.5–1.5 mm) fragments of adrenal medulla were inserted and held in place with surgical clips. Post-operatively, antiparkinsonian medication was reintroduced as soon as possible and attempts were made to maintain pre-operative dosage schedules. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student paired t-test with two tails. Six patients underwent the transplantation of autologous adrenal medulla grafts to caudate nucleus and baseline patient data were recorded. One patient failed to awake following surgery, and a post-operative CT scan demonstrated a thalamic and midbrain hemorrhage. The patient survived in a vegetative state for 10 months and then died. All other complications were transient and not of clinical significance.
Domestic and Marital Violence Among Three Ethnic Groups in Nigeria

There is evidence that between half and two thirds of Nigerian women have experienced domestic violence, and that this is higher in some ethnic groups than others. Yet, studies that examine the ethnic dimensions of domestic and marital violence are conspicuously missing in the literature. We fill this void using data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Results indicate significant ethnic differences with Igbo women more likely to have experienced sexual and emotional violence compared with Yoruba women. Hausa women were however significantly less likely to experience physical and sexual violence but not emotional violence, compared with Yoruba women. Women with domineering husbands were significantly more likely to experience physical, sexual, and emotional violence. Similarly, those who thought wife-beating was justified were more likely to experience all three types of violence. The independent effects of ethnicity on domestic violence suggests that specific interventions may be needed for w...
Uniformly bounded sufficient sets and quasi-extreme social welfare functions

The set of alternatives is infinite. If the social welfare function is transitive-valued and minimal sufficient sets are uniformly bounded, then there are arbitrarily large finite subsets of the feasible set, and a rich sub-domain of profiles, within which a reduction in the scope of someone's dictatorial power must be accompanied by an equal increase in the fraction of the pairs that are socially ordered without consulting anyone's preferences.
Rumpelstiltskin's Deliverables: Grimm Inspiration for Humanism in Development

SUMMARY Is there space for humanistic anthropology within the development sciences used to plan economic growth and ecological modernization? This article adapts a provocative fable to ponder a “global assemblage” designed to transfer authoritative knowledge and advanced technology for “sustainability” from the American Midwest to postsocialist eastern Europe. I retell the story of Rumpelstiltskin to reflect on participation in global systems of outsourced expertise, guessing at the nature of “the helper” with the aid of the fanciful.
On MRA Riesz wavelets

We investigate the properties of univariate MRA Riesz wavelets. In particular we obtain a generalization to semiorthogonal MRA wavelets of a well-known representation theorem for orthonormal MRA wavelets.
Changes in Colonic Antioxidant Status in Rats During Long-Term Feeding of Different High Fat Diets

The effects of dietary fat on antioxidant mechanisms in colon mucosa were examined using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were fed one of four AIN-76A-based test diets differing in amount and type of fat. The basal diet (BD) contained 5% corn oil; the menhaden oil diet (MO) contained 1% corn oil and 19% menhaden oil; the corn oil diet (CO) contained 20% corn oil; and the beef tallow diet (BT) contained 1% corn oil and 19% beef tallow; all were adjusted to provide equal amounts of other nutrients per kilojoule. Homogenates of colon mucosa were assayed after 2 wk and 1, 3, 6 and 9 mo for activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase (GSSGRx), and total glutathione (GSH) content. Activity of GSHPx was depressed in rats fed high fat diets compared with rats fed the low fat BD. Animals fed the BD and MO diets had higher levels of CAT and GSSGRx as compared with rats fed the CO and BT diets. Activities of SOD, GSSGRx and GSHPx, as well as GSH concentration, decreased over time. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was not induced by the high fat diets. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances were virtually undetectable. Thus, both type and amount of fat affected antioxidant mechanisms in colon mucosa without producing overt oxidative damage in the tissue.
Rotational Spectroscopy at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Environmental monitoring, atmospheric remote sensing and astrophysical studies promoted by NASA require a strong basis of spectroscopic information. The rotational spectroscopy capabilities at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are currently maintained for the measurement of key mission priorities that enable modeling and retrieval of geophysical data from the atmosphere as well as validation of the spaceborne instruments in the Earth Observing System, particularly the Microwave Limb Sounder. Rotational spectra are measured using a variety of spectroscopic techniques including pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy (at CalTech); millimeter wavelength Stark spectroscopy; millimeter, submillimeter and THz FM spectroscopy; laser sideband spectroscopy and Fourier Transform far-infrared spectroscopy. Remote measurements of atmospheric rotational spectra are made using two limb-sounder instruments in the submillimeter and THz. Recent advances in the direct synthesis of THz radiation enables efficient laboratory science. Software for comprehensive and systematic study of different molecular systems is maintained at JPL, the software is freely available via http://spec.jpl.nasa.gov and is used by our group to create and sustain the JPL spectral line catalog also available online.
Calcium flux measurements in apoptosis.

Early studies in apoptosis implicated an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ as a direct mediator of DNA fragmentation. However, efforts to delineate targets for this increase in Ca2+ have been slow in evolving. Several previous studies have implicated ER Ca2+ pool depletion in the initiation of apoptosis. Our own preliminary studies confirm that many (but not all) apoptotic stimuli empty the ER store via a mechanism that is blocked by BCL-2 expression. Furthermore, ER pool depletion is not affected by broad spectrum caspase inhibitors, indicating that it occurs via a caspase-independent mechanism. Finally, our data demonstrate that ER pool depletion occurs prior to release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Given previous work demonstrating close coordination of ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, we speculate that ER-dependent changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ serve as important signals for cytochrome c release. Alternative mechanisms include activation of caspase-12 and/or the JNK pathway, both of which can be directly stimulated by depletion of the ER Ca2+ pool. Although substantial improvements in intracellular Ca2+ imaging have emerged, compelling answers to many of the present questions related to the role of Ca2+ in apoptosis await future technical improvements. The development of organelle-specific, recombinant Ca2+ probes (targeted aequorins and cameleons) certainly should facilitate some of this work, although the target cell of interest must be amenable to molecular manipulation (transfection), which precludes straightforward analysis of primary cells. Pharmacological tools (i.e., thapsigargin and DBHQ) can provide conclusive data on ER pool status without requiring an overly sophisticated image analysis system. However, confocal microscopy allows for the effective analysis of Ca2+ pools as long as dye localization is homogeneous and properly controlled. However, current techniques should be considered semiquantitative at best and will remain so until specific organelle-targeted fluorescent dyes are developed and widely available.
reply: The mystery of female beauty

Yu and Shepard reply — We have proposed that cultural invariance in beauty preferences could be an artefact of exposure to a dominant culture, and also that evolutionary psychology should embrace variation because adaptive evolution is as likely to produce variable outcomes as fixed ones1. Accordingly, Manning et al . suggest that a culturally variable male preference for women with high WHR might reflect a culturally variable preference for producing more sons with higher testosterone levels. But this intriguing explanation probably does not apply to the Matsigenka people.
Examination and Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Clinical Examination/Imaging Modalities.

William H.M. Castro, Jorg Jerosch, and Thomas W. Grossman Jr. Translated by John Grossman. New York: Thieme; 2001. 480 pages. $69.00. This easy-to-read book is an encyclopedia of information presented in the length of a good novel. The authors have compiled an impressive collection of information on musculoskeletal history-taking, physical examination, and the ordering and interpretation of images produced by the many modalities that are currently available. Both traumatic and nontraumatic conditions are discussed. The illustrations include clinical photographs, line drawings, and superb reproductions of all types of images. The layout and the style …
Chlorine isotope constraints on fluid‐rock interactions during subduction and exhumation of the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite

[1] Chlorine isotope compositions of high-pressure (∼2.3 GPa) serpentinite, rodingite, and hydrothermally altered oceanic crust (AOC) differ significantly from high- and ultrahigh-pressure (> 3.2 GPa) metasedimentary rocks in the Aosta region, Italy. Texturally early serpentinites, rodingites, and AOC have bulk δ37Cl values indistinguishable from those of modern seafloor analogues (δ37Cl = −1.0 to +1.0‰). In contrast, serpentinites and AOC samples that recrystallized during exhumation have low δ37Cl values (−2.7 to −0.5‰); 37Cl depletion correlates with progressive changes in bulk chemistry. HP/UHP metasediments have low δ37Cl values (median = −2.5‰) that differ statistically from modern marine sediments (median = −0.6‰). Cl in metasedimentary rocks is concentrated in texturally early minerals, indicating modification of seafloor compositions early in the subduction history. The data constrain fluid sources during both subduction and exhumation-related phases of fluid-rock interaction: (1) marine sediments at the top of the downgoing plate likely interacted with isotopically light pore fluids from the accretionary wedge in the early stages of subduction. (2) No pervasive interaction with externally derived fluid occurred during subsequent subduction to the maximum depths of burial. (3) Localized mixing between serpentinites and fluids released by previously isotopically modified metasediments occurred during exhumation in the subduction channel. Most samples, however, preserved protolith signatures during subduction to near-arc depths.
Response of the phoxocephalid amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, to a small oil spill in Yaquina Bay, Oregon

A spill of approximately 284,000 liters of Bunker C and diesel fuel oils occurred at the entrance of Yaquina Bay, Oregon, following the wreck of the freighterBlue Magpie on 19 November 1983. A portion of this oil entered the lower estuary and was deposited on subtidal benthic habitats occupied by the phoxocephalid amphipodRhepoxynius abronius. This species is particularly sensitive to contaminants in sediment and its life history had previously been studied at the same sites affected by the spill. The oil was initially present as small, sand-coated globules at the study site, and persisted in association with detritus and sediment for months. Bioassays withRhepoxynius abronius showed that the oil globules were not acutely toxic unless mixed into the sediment at concentrations of 1.0 parts per thousand or greater. A series of 10-d bioassays before and after the spill showed that sediment collected from oiled subtidal sites did not become acutely toxic to this species. Although the density of theR. abronius population declined by 75% after the spill, similar declines of the same population were observed at this site in fall 1980. Oil-exposedR. abronius from Yaquina Bay were slightly more sensitive to cadmium in sediment than individuals from Whidbey Island, Puget Sound, Washington. Although mean fecundity was greater in 1984 than in 1981, recruitment following the spill was lower than in the 1980–1981 study. Thus, there is limited evidence for a small impact of the oil spill on this sensitive amphipod.
A switching kinematic model for an octapedal robot

We propose a new model to describe the horizontal motion of an eight-legged bio-inspired miniature robot. The model does not include compliance, and can capture the kinematics of the observed locomotion behavior that corresponds to an alternating tetrapod gait. We exploit symmetries and synergies to reduce the eight-legged robot to a mechanism that is composed by two switching four-bar linkages, each representing the collective effect of a tetrapod in contact with the ground. Notwithstanding its apparent simplicity, the resulting model reproduces on average the motion of the robot. In addition, by properly tuning a family of physically-relevant parameters—including touchdown and sweep angles—different motion primitives corresponding to circular and forward motions can be realized. This model represents a first step toward developing reduced-order kinematic representations of legged robots that can be used for motion planning and feedback control purposes.
Management of Paraesophageal Hernias

A tailored approach to the management of patients who have para-esophageal herniation appears to be the best policy. No one approach can universally apply to this patient population if optimal therapy, quality of life, and overall survival are to be optimized.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of n-butanal and n-pentanal with chlorine atoms

The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of chlorine atoms with n-butanal and n-pentanal have been investigated in a 142-L reaction cell coupled to a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at 298 ± 2 K and at 800 ± 3 Torr. The rate coefficients for Cl + n-butanal and Cl + n-pentanal were measured using the relative rate technique with isopropanol and ethene as the reference compounds. The yield of acyl radicals was determined by measuring yields of acid chloride and carbon monoxide products from the reaction of Cl + aldehyde in the absence of oxygen. The rate coefficients for Cl + n-butanal and Cl + n-pentanal are (1.63 ± 0.59) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s− 1 and (2.37 ± 0.82) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The yields of acyl radicals from the reactions are 0.66 ± 0.04 for n-butanal and 0.45 ± 0.04 for n-pentanal. Under ambient conditions, the acyl radicals generated will react almost exclusively with oxygen. Mechanistic implications of these measurements are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 133–141, 2009