cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Facilitating College Writers' Revisions within a Generative-Evaluative Computerized Prompting Framework

Abstract Many who teach and/or study writing processes report that college writers do not routinely revise their own texts. Some also suggest strategies for instructional intervention that support writers in revising their work. This study explored the effects of generative and evaluative computerized writing prompts on the revision efforts of college students enrolled in an elective intermediate composition course. The purpose of the study was to discover whether students who had access to the computer prompts would revise more extensively (carry out more meaningful revision operations) and successfully (produce better quality texts) than those with No-Prompting assistance. Twenty-four students, divided randomly into two groups of 12, composed an in-class writing assignment during two 1-hour writing sessions. All keystrokes from both composing sessions were recorded and then played back to analyze revisions. Completed essays were judged by trained raters on two scales to measure product quality. Results support the assumption that explicit strategies via writing prompts would engage students in revising their texts.
Development and comparison of fundamental parameters software for X-ray spectrometry

Abstract Quantitative analysis has been performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for many years. With the increasing availability of computers for the laboratory, these types of analyses have become faster and more accurate. The development of software for personal computers has reached the point where an analysis can be performed without the conventional use of standards. By utilizing data available in an X-ray spectrum in addition to the elemental emission intensity, particularly the scattered X-rays, enhanced data reduction is achieved. With the use of software providing such capabilities, quantitative X-ray spectrometry will become an even more powerful tool in the analytical laboratory.
Extracellular ascorbate modulates cortically evoked glutamate dynamics in rat striatum.

Abstract To determine if extracellular ascorbate, which may increase by several hundred micromolar in striatum during behavioral activation, directly alters glutamate transmission, we monitored striatal glutamate transients evoked by electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex in anesthetized rats tested with varying concentrations of ascorbate (0, 50, 200, and 500 μM) by reverse dialysis. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection was used to analyze dialysates collected at 3-s intervals. Ascorbate elevated striatal glutamate in a concentration-dependent fashion. Addition of 500 μM ascorbate not only more than doubled basal glutamate levels relative to the ascorbate-free condition, but significantly increased both the magnitude of the electrically evoked glutamate response as well as its subsequent return to baseline. In fact, the time required to return to within 10% of the pre-stimulation baseline increased by >100 s. Reverse dialysis of iso-ascorbate, in contrast, had no effect on stimulation-evoked glutamate release arguing against an antioxidant effect. It appears, therefore, that the level of extracellular ascorbate plays a critical role in regulating corticostriatal glutamate transmission.
Five-dimensional quantum mechanics

In this paper we consider an extension of quantum mechanics to a five-dimensional space-time. By taking probability densities as being independent of the fifth dimension and that the effect of a coordinate transformation is just a traslation, we get a functional form for the state vector. So, the wave function results multiplied by a phase factor that could modify the outcoming of an interference experiment. By requiring the invariance of the interference pattern we get that the phase of the multiplying factor is quantized. To show a sample application, we apply the argument to the electric charge and consider the hypothesis that a pointlike object in ordinary four-dimensional space-time could have an extension in the fifth dimension.
Grid and design variables sensitivity analyses for NACA four-digit wing-sections

Two distinct parameterization procedures are developed for investigating the grid sensitivity with respect to design parameters of a wing-section example. The first procedure is based on traditional (physical) relations defining NACA four-digit wing-sections. The second is advocating a novel (geometrical) parameterization using spline functions such as NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) for defining the wing-section geometry. An interactive algebraic grid generation technique, known as Hermite Cubic Interpolation, is employed to generate C-type grids around wing-sections. The grid sensitivity of the domain with respect to design and grid parameters has been obtained by direct differentiation of the grid equations. A hybrid approach is proposed for more geometrically complex configurations. A comparison of the sensitivity coefficients with those obtained using a finite-difference approach has been made to verify the feasibility of the approach. The aerodynamic sensitivity coefficients are obtained using the compressible two-dimensional thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations.
The Association Between Reproductive Performance and Milk Yield in Chilean Holstein Cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between reproductive performance and milk yield in central-southern Chilean Holstein cattle that calved from 1990 to 2003. The analysis included 150,457 lactations obtained from a certified recording system. Reproductive indexes included in the study were calving interval (CI, d), calving to first service interval (CFSI, d), calving to conception interval (CCI, d), services per conception (SC), and conception rate at first service (CRFS). Survival analysis for the risk of pregnancy was also conducted. Models for reproductive indexes were significant and included, as independent variables, year and season of parturition, parity, length of dry period, milk and fat production standardized to 305 d, herd size, and herd. In 1990 and 2003, respectively, means ± SEM for CI were 399 ± 1.6 and 415 ± 1.1 d; for CFSI were 85 ± 0.6 and 97 ± 0.6 d; for CCI were 124 ± 1.3 d and 137 ± 1 d; and for SC were 1.6 ± 0.02 and 1.7 ± 0.01. For every 100 kg of 305-d standardized milk yield, the CCI increased by 0.6 d and CRFS decreased by 0.9%. Association between milk yield and the risk of pregnancy was almost zero when a Cox proportional regression model was conducted (hazard ratio = 1.005; 95% confidence interval = 1.002 to 1.008). We conclude that CCI has increased over time and is related negatively to the increase in milk yield experienced by central-southern Chilean Holstein cattle during the last 15 yr. Nevertheless, risk of pregnancy was not explained by the individual level of standardized 305-d milk yield of cows studied.
Self-perceptions of black single mothers attending college1

Abstract The present study examined the self-perceptions of 28 Black single mothers enrolled in a four-year college program in the U.S. Participants (M age = 30 yr., SD = 6.1) described their experiences and self-narratives as Black single mothers who are studying and working in addition to their child-raising duties. A structured interview format was utilized to collect the data, which were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicated that these mothers successfully navigated their various roles. Six themes emerged from the interviews: these mothers focused on family cohesiveness, education, spirituality, support networks (family and government), motivation for a better life in addition to teaching their children to respect others. Implications for practice are offered for enhancing the parenting success of single Black mothers.
How was your day? Couples’ affect when telling and hearing daily events

This study examined day-to-day mood changes associated with disclosure of positive and stressful events as affect regulation within couples. In daily diaries, 48 couples cohabiting in the United States reported whether they told their partner about the most positive and stressful event of their day. Participants reported greater positive affect on days when they told their partner about the most positive event of their day. This effect was less pronounced among avoidant women. Participants also reported greater positive affect on days when their partner shared their most positive event. Sharing about stressors was not associated with greater negative affect. These findings underscore the importance of investigating affect regulation processes such as daily event disclosures from a dyadic perspective.
Polynomial Inequalities on Measurable Sets and Their Applications II. Weighted Measures

We study Remez-type inequalities for univariate and multivariate polynomials on bounded sets in weighted spaces and discuss their applications to Nikolskii-type inequalities and local approximation.
Continuous multiple injections at the Fermilab Main Injector

Instead of slip stacking, an alternate method of doubling the linear intensity of the Fermilab Main Injector is discussed. This method makes use of rf barriers to transfer 12 booster batches from the Fermilab Booster to the Main Injector in 12 consecutive booster cycles, totaling 800 ms. After that, adiabatic capture of the beam into 53 MHz buckets can be accomplished in about 10 ms. Because the beam is debunched during the injection process and no rf voltage is required, the beam loading voltages in the rf cavities are small and can be eliminated by a combination of counterphasing and mechanical shorts.
Polarized Insertion of New Membrane from a Cytoplasmic Reservoir during Cleavage of the Drosophila Embryo

Cellularization of the Drosophila embryo is a specialized form of cytokinesis that results in the formation of a polarized epithelium. The mechanisms of membrane growth during cytokinesis are largely unknown. It is also unclear whether membrane growth and polarization represent distinct processes that occur simultaneously or whether growth of the membrane is involved in the emergence of polarity. Using a combination of surface labeling and particles tracking techniques, we monitored the dynamics of marked membrane regions during cellularization. We find that the major source of membrane is intracellular, rather than in the form of a plasma membrane reservoir. Depolymerization of microtubules inhibits the export of a newly synthesized transmembrane protein from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane and simultaneously blocks membrane growth. Membrane insertion occurs in a defined sequence at specific sites, first apical, then apical–lateral. Diffusion of the membrane appears insufficient to compete with the massive local insertion of new membrane. We thus identify a tightly regulated scheme of polarized membrane insertion during cellularization. We propose that such a mechanism could participate in the progressive emergence of apical–basal polarity.
The Relationship Between Age and IQ in Adults With Williams Syndrome

The relationship between age and IQ was evaluated in a cross-sectional sample of 80 individuals with Williams syndrome (17 to 52 years). The relationship between age and WAIS-R subtest scores was such that increases and decreases in raw scores occurred at a rate sufficient to maintain stability of age-corrected scaled scores, indicating a developmental trajectory similar to that of the WAIS-R normative sample. Despite stability of age- corrected scaled scores with age, increased age was related to higher Performance IQ. This disparity, which occurs during the conversion of sums of scaled scores to IQs, may be unique to the WAIS-R. Although Performance IQ increased with age, results imply that the overall IQ of an adult with Williams syndrome will likely remain stable.
Joint tracking and non-parametric shape estimation of arbitrary extended objects

This paper presents a probabilistically rigorous method for jointly estimating the shape and kinematic states of arbitrary extended objects. A non-parametric shape model is defined as a set of points sampled from the object surface, and the joint probability density function over the surface samples is estimated recursively over time from lidar data. The presented work is demonstrated for a single maneuvering, non-convex object, highlighting key advantages over existing methods and motivating further development.
The indirect influence of the ω phase on the degree of refinement of distributions of the α phase in metastable β-Titanium alloys

Abstract Non-conventional transformation pathways have been exploited to determine the degree of refinement of the microstructure of a metastable β-Ti alloy. This has involved a set of heat-treatments where samples, initially quenched to room temperature (RT) from above the β transus are slowly heated to 350 °C, then isothermal annealed at 350 °C for various times prior to up-quenching to 600 °C and again isothermally annealed at that temperature, followed by quenching to RT. Interrupted treatments have also been performed so that the factors influencing the development of the final microstructure could be determined. Microstructures have been characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. It has been found that a distribution of the α phase may be formed whose scale is intermediate between the “super-refined” and “refined” versions observed in previous research. The results are consistent with precursory isothermal ω precipitates playing an indirect role in the formation of the refined distribution of the α phase via a non-conventional transformation pathway.
Transfection by polyethyleneimine-coated microspheres.

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be used as a DNA delivery mechanism in cell culture and in vivo. Cells can be transfected by using surface-bound PEI, as well as by PEI/DNA microparticles. In the present experiments we extended these observations by preparing microspheres with covalently attached PEI. Blends of poly(ϵ-CBZ-L-lysine) mixed with poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) were formed into microspheres using a double-emulsification/solvent evaporation procedure. CBZ (carbobenzoxy) groups on the surface of microspheres were removed by Li0/liquid ammonia reduction. Surface amino groups were used for covalent attachment of PEI and other molecules. Silica microspheres with bonded-phase PEI were also used. Microspheres were mixed with plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein and added to cultured cells. PEI-coated microspheres transfected cultured Caco cells and MH-S alveolar macrophages. Expression of the transfected DNA increased over several days. MH-S cells phagocytosed PEI-coated silica microspheres, ...
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN DISTURBED AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND THE RAPID RECOVERY OF PARASITOID POPULATIONS

In annual or periodically harvested crops, biological control of pests is aided if natural enemy populations rapidly recover within fields following disturbances. Here, we show that the life history of parasitoids may facilitate their recovery within fields. Because many parasitoids live within their still-living hosts, recovery of parasitoid populations can occur simultaneously with the recovery of their host populations. In alfalfa, periodic harvesting causes crashes in the populations of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and their parasitoid Aphidius ervi. Using laboratory experiments, we showed that the survival of parasitized aphids (before parasitoid-caused death) is little different from the survival of unparasitized aphids. In field experiments, by erecting exclosure cages immediately following harvesting we showed that both aphid and A. ervi populations can recover in the absence of immigration. Furthermore, successful A. ervi recovery suppresses aphid population growth over the ensuing harvesting...
Automated Checking of Web Application Invocations

HTTP based invocations allow web application components to communicate among themselves and build dynamic customized web pages. Invocations are widely used by web applications, but are a common source of errors. Existing techniques are only able to verify limited correctness properties of web application invocations and omit key properties, such as an argument's type and value must match its target parameter's domain. This paper presents the first approach for verifying these correctness properties of web application invocations. An empirical evaluation of the technique shows that it is able to identify, with high precision, over 30% more invocation errors than were previously identified and that the approach has a low analysis runtime cost.
Crack Propagation Through Interfaces in a Borosilicate Glass and a Glass Ceramic

Dynamic crack propagation across an adhesive interface in a borosilicate glass and a glass ceramic was studied to understand the interactions of cracks with the interface. Specimens were manufactured by attaching a notched plate to a rectangular plate using an epoxy adhesive. A plastic projectile was impacted on the notched edge to initiate a single crack at the notch tip in the first plate. The propagation of the crack in the first plate and the crack patterns after the interface in the second plate were recorded using a high-speed camera. For borosilicate glass, a single crack propagated to the adhesive interface and arrested for a certain time. Cracks re-initiated in the second plate, and crack patterns were observed to depend on the thickness of the adhesive interface. The crack developed a higher number of branches, and the branching angle increased as the interface thickness was increased. For the glass ceramic, the notch-initiated crack branched in the first plate and did not penetrate through to the second plate regardless of the various adhesive thicknesses studied.
Stratification Effects in a Bottom Ekman Layer

A stratified bottom Ekman layer over a nonsloping, rough surface is studied using a three-dimensional unsteady large eddy simulation to examine the effects of an outer layer stratification on the boundary layer structure. When the flow field is initialized with a linear temperature profile, a three-layer structure develops with a mixed layer near the wall separated from a uniformly stratified outer layer by a pycnocline. With the free-stream velocity fixed, the wall stress increases slightly with the imposed stratification, but the primary role of stratification is to limit the boundary layer height. Ekman transport is generally confined to the mixed layer, which leads to larger cross-stream velocities and a larger surface veering angle when the flow is stratified. The rate of turning in the mixed layer is nearly independent of stratification, so that when stratification is large and the boundary layer thickness is reduced, the rate of veering in the pycnocline becomes very large. In the pycnocline, the mean shear is larger than observed in an unstratified boundary layer, which is explained using a buoyancy length scale, u * /N(z). This length scale leads to an explicit buoyancy-related modification to the log law for the mean velocity profile. A new method for deducing the wall stress based on observed mean velocity and density profiles is proposed and shows significant improvement compared to the standard profile method. A streamwise jet is observed near the center of the pycnocline, and the shear at the top of the jet leads to local shear instabilities and enhanced mixing in that region, despite the fact that the Richardson number formed using the mean density and shear profiles is larger than unity.
ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and subfamily C member 10 (ABCC10) are not primary resistance factors for cabazitaxel

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and subfamily C member 10 (ABCC10) proteins are efflux transporters that couple the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to the translocation of toxic substances and chemotherapeutic drugs out of cells. Cabazitaxel is a novel taxane that differs from paclitaxel by its lower affinity for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We determined the effects of cabazitaxel, a novel tubulin-binding taxane, and paclitaxel on paclitaxel-resistant, ABCB1-overexpressing KB-C2 and LLC-MDR1-WT cells and paclitaxel-resistant, ABCC10-overexpressing HEK293/ABCC10 cells by calculating the degree of drug resistance and measuring ATPase activity of the ABCB1 transporter. Decreased resistance to cabazitaxel compared with paclitaxel was observed in KB-C2, LLC-MDR1-WT, and HEK293/ABCC10 cells. Moreover, cabazitaxel had low efficacy, whereas paclitaxel had high efficacy in stimulating the ATPase activity of ABCB1, indicating a direct interaction of both drugs with the transporter. ABCB1 and ABCC10 are not primary resistance factors for cabazitaxel compared with paclitaxel, suggesting that cabazitaxel may have a low affinity for these efflux transporters.
Cyclosporine treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.

Abstract A 14-yr-old boy with a 5-yr history of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis refractory to corticosteroid therapy was given cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg · day). Before cyclosporine therapy, serum aminotransferase levels were 20 times normal and immunoglobulin G was 4 g/dl. Within 2 wk of starting cyclosporine therapy, aminotransferase levels decreased; by 2 mo they were almost normal, and at 1 yr into therapy they were normal. A decrease in cyclosporine dosage was associated with an increase in aminotransferase levels, which then again decreased as the dose was increased. Severe growth failure observed during previous corticosteroid therapy reversed during cyclosporine treatment and the patient displayed "catch-up" growth. No significant side effects were noted after 1 yr of cyclosporine therapy. Further evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of corticosteroid-unresponsive autoimmune chronic active hepatitis appears warranted.
Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) Bacterin in Environmental Samples from Poultry Houses Using the RapidChek SE Immunoassay

SUMMARY. Environmental swabs from pullet houses were tested for the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) using the RapidChek SE immunoassay test. Of the 1162 samples tested in 2011, 20 samples were positive, but only two samples were confirmed positive for SE by culture. Seventeen positive samples were from pullet houses that had been vaccinated with SE bacterin 2 to 3 days prior to submission to the lab. This study investigated the detection of SE bacterin using the RapidChek SE test system. Swabs were inoculated with different amounts of a commercial SE bacterin. As little as 0.25 ml of the SE bacterin was sufficient to cause positive results with the RapidChek SE test. This finding emphasizes the need to perform bacterial isolation and identification when a positive result occurs using an immunoassay test.
Loss of heterozygosity for genes on 11p and the clinical course of patients with lung carcinoma.

Forty-five primary human lung carcinomas were evaluated for the loss of heterozygosity for genes on the short end of chromosome 11. Of 40 evaluable heterozygous cases, loss of the 11p genes c-H- ras and insulin was documented in nine cases (22%). The clinical parameters investigated for each patient included the disease stage at presentation, the presence of metastatic disease in either bronchial or mediastinal lymph nodes, and the presence of positive parietal pleural margins in the surgically resected specimen. There were no differences found with respect to these indicators when patients exhibiting the loss of heterozygosity were compared with those who did not have such genetic loss. In addition, when the clinical courses of the two patient groups were compared, there was no difference in survival. We conclude that the loss of heterozygosity for c-H- ras and insulin on 11p is a common finding in primary non-small cell human lung carcinomas but does not confer a more aggressive phenotype on these tumors. Although this genetic lesion may be important in the initial transformation of the cells to carcinoma, the available data for lung carcinoma are insufficient to prove causality.
Contours and Barriers: What Is It to Draw the Limits of Moral Language?

Does language limit the moral thoughts we can have? To answer that, I distinguish between two kinds of limits: (1) Boundaries or barriers fence things out. Identification and erection of linguistic barriers, defines, diagnoses, or places restrictions on what language can in principle grasp or be, and often involves abstraction from actual linguistic behavior. This is typically preformed by remarks I call 'theses'; (2) Contours or outlines give real-life portrayals. Drawing the contours of a linguistic activity involves a certain attention to reality: to detail and particularity (‘Was this greeting contrived or genuine?’), and we typically draw contours by using remarks I call ‘helpers’. I examine the possibility that confusion can be diagnosed in Sabina Lovibond's attempt to apply the idea that moral language has necessary boundaries, and explain the alternative of drawing linguistic contours. I then examine Richard Rorty's position according to which the fact that we can shape our language indicates that the boundaries of language do not encompass all possible sense, and compare Rorty's discussion with Sarah Bachelard's discussion of euthanasia. My claim here is that trying to improve on the language we have might be part of drawing its contours, rather than redefining its boundaries. The discussion reveals a difference between two kinds of contour drawing, and thus between two kinds of helpers: ones that help to draw the contours of the actuality of linguistic activities, and ones that help to draw the contours of their potentiality. Finally, I argue that the value of drawing contours instead of barriers is that the former better reveal the fact that we care about our ways of making sense.
Chronic EtOH administration alters liver Mg2+homeostasis

Ethanol (EtOH) administration to rats for 4 wk markedly decreased Mg2+ content in several tissues, including liver. Total cellular Mg2+ accounted for 26.8 ± 2.4 vs. 36.0 ± 1.4 nmol Mg2+/mg protein ...
Crib Work--An Evaluation of a Problem-Based Learning Experiment: Preliminary Results.

Problem-based learning has been proven to be successful in both medical colleges and physics classes, but not uniformly across all disciplines. A college course in probability and statistics was used as a setting to test the effectiveness of problem-based learning when applied to homework. This paper compares the performances of the students from two classes and attempts to draw inferences as to the overall benefits and effectiveness of changing the process by which the students earned their homework grade.
Abstract #2489: Cytoplasmic Rad26 controls a response to microtubule stress in fission yeast.

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO The fission yeast Rad26ATRIP/Rad3ATR complex preserves genomic stability by participating in DNA structure checkpoint pathways. Our published data demonstrate that this complex is also required for proper cellular morphology, chromosome stability and during a response to microtubule stress that is independent of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Our published data also demonstrate that Rad26ATRIP exists in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. To investigate the cytoplasmic role(s) of Rad26ATRIP, we created an allele of rad26+ that disrupts the cytoplasmic localization of Rad26ATRIP. Here, we report that this allele also disrupts cellular morphology, chromosome stability and the microtubule stress response while leaving DNA structure checkpoint signaling intact. We present a model whereby localization of the Rad26ATRIP/Rad3ATR complex regulates its signaling activities. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2489.
Nutrition and Alcohol Consumption in the Sinclair Miniature Pig

The average consumption of alcohol by Sinclair miniature pigs teas directly related to protein intake. Sufficient quantities of alcohol were drunk to produce intoxication almost daily, suggesting t...
Asking the Right Questions About the Future of Shale Gas

This Article argues that the questions that have guided U.S. energy policy for decades — about how to assure cheap, plentiful, and secure energy with basic environmental and public health protection — are no longer the only relevant questions. This is particularly true after the December 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change Shale, in which countries unanimously agreed to progressively reduce their greenhouse gas emissions until there are net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of this century. Shale gas is used as a case in point. Shale gas development is justified on the basis that it contributes to some reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, that it produces needed energy, and that it has economic, social, and security benefits. This Article criticizes these questions as inadequate to address the Paris agreement and foster sustainable development, and describes and explains better questions.
The Behavior of Bond Yields Across Exchange-Rate Regimes And the Integration of Capital Markets

In Europe as elsewhere, the debate over the appropriate exchange-rate regime continues. One of the major sources of contention is the effect of the regime on the economies involved. Did the move to floating exchange rates alter the behavior of important economic and financial variables within countries? Did it alter relationships among countries? If so, to what degree and in what direction?
Profitability Anomaly and Aggregate Volatility Risk

The paper shows that firms with lower profitability have lower expected returns because such firms perform better than expected when market volatility increases. The better-than-expected performance comes from the fact that unprofitable firms are distressed and volatile, and thus their equity resembles a call option on the assets. Consistent with that, the profitability anomaly is stronger for distressed and volatile firms, and aggregate volatility risk can explain this regularity.
Extracts from sweet potato greens inhibit tumor cell invasion and proliferation in African-American breast cancer cells

B110 Chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease affect African Americans disproportionately, particularly in the Black Belt of Alabama. Recent investigations have revealed that diet plays a major role in disease progression. Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables has been correlated with reduced risk of disease. In the African American community, intake of fruits and vegetables indigenous to the population would make for an easier transition to healthy eating habits. In this study, extracts from sweet potato greens were shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion by 25.3% in the African American breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 468 as determined by a matrigel invasion assay. This study also demonstrated that at a concentration of 0.1mg/ml, the extract of sweet potato greens is capable of inhibiting proliferation in the African-American cell line, MDA-MB-468 as determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiozolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assay. Further studies examining the mechanism of this inhibition will be conducted. These data will provide the framework for investigations leading to the development of new dietary regiments within the Black Belt and other communities.
Spray Combinations for Control of the Codling Moth and the Red-Banded Leaf Roller on Apple

Eleven insecticide treatments, including the cheeks, were tested on apple in combination with the fungicides captan and glyodin, respectively, as control agents for the codling moth, Carpoca pomonella (L.), and the red-banded leaf roller, Aryyrotaenia relutinana (Wlk.). With both fungicides, several insecticide treatments controlled the codling moth better than DDT. Also, with both fungicides, Guthion and Sevin (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate) controlled the red-banded leaf roller as well as TDE. Glyodin-insecticide combinations gave better control of both insects than captan-insecticide combinations in most eases.
The Properties of Singular Causation

Theories of singular causation have a genuine problem with properties. In virtue of what property do events (or facts) cause other events? One possible answer to this question, Davidson's, is that causal relations hold between particulars and properties play no role in the way a particular causes another. According to another, recently fashionable answer, in contrast, events cause other events in virtue of having a trope (as opposed to a propertytype). Both views face serious objections. My aim in this paper is to combine these two very different solutions to the problem of the properties of singular causation and to argue that this combined view can avoid objections against both of them.
A Study of the Morphology of the Immature Stages of Aedes Trivittatus (Coquillett) (Diptera: Culicidae)

The breeding habits of the various species of mosquitoes and the character and amount of precipitation are so variable that it often happens that all larvae collected at a particular time are immature, or that immature larvae of one or more species are associated with mature larvae or all developmental stages of other species; so the values of being able to recognize the immature larvae at the time of collection are obvious.
Electrolyte, urea, and water transport in a two-nephron central core model of the renal medulla

A one-nephron model has been extended to include both short-looped and long-looped nephrons. Variables are volume flow, Na+, K+, Cl-, urea, hydrostatic pressure, and electric potential. The ratio of short-to-long-looped nephrons, one of the parameters of the model, is 5 to 1. With either rabbit or hamster permeability data from perfusion experiments, the model develops an osmolality of approximately 600 mosmol/l at the junction of inner and outer medulla but no osmolality gradient in the inner medulla. With the rabbit data, osmolalities in excess of 1,000 mosmol/l can be generated in the papilla with no active transport if urea permeabilities are less than 10(-5) cm/s; with the hamster data, electrolyte permeabilities must also be reduced. With these modified parameters, urea concentrations are less in the long loops than has been found on micropuncture. These can be increased to experimental levels by increasing the urea permeability and decreasing the hydraulic permeability of thin descending limbs in the inner half of the inner medulla, but to maintain loop osmolality at 1,000 mosmol/l it is necessary to postulate active NaCl transport in thin ascending limbs in the outer half of the inner medulla. This gives an alternative mode of concentration without active transport in the inner half of the inner medulla, in which electrolytes diffuse out of and urea diffuses into both limbs of Henle's loop and mix in the core with urea and water entering from the collecting duct. Concentration in either mode requires significant modification of perfusion data.
Antibiotics in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Adversaries or Allies?

Rising rates of infections resulting from antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have led to a worldwide public health crisis calling for a significant improvement in antimicrobial stewardship in all healthcare settings [1]. The burden of antibiotic resistance is high for immunocompromised patients or those who have prolonged exposure to a healthcare setting; particularly vulnerable populations include those who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) [2]. Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of morbidity and mortality as a result of ARBs [3–6] and colitis resulting from Clostridium difficile (CDI) [7]. This finding is corroborated by the report by Bilinski et al. [8] in this issue of Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation in which intestinal colonization of allo-HCT patients with ARBs was associated with higher mortality. In their retrospective analysis, patients were screened for ARBs, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing or carbapenamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, before HCT by rectal swab and culture methods. Within the cohort of 107 allo-HCT patients, gut colonization by ARBs on admission was not only associated with decreased overall survival compared with noncolonized patients (34% versus 74%, respectively, at 24 months, P < .001) but also with an increased incidence of systemic infection, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and nonrelapse mortality. In a multivariate analysis the only significant predictor for overall survival was gut colonization by ARBs (hazard ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.71 to 7.28). Positive blood cultures were observed more often in colonized patients, and these patients were also more likely to die from infection. Although details of these infectious deaths are not presented, it would be interesting to know which specific systemic infections were found and whether CDI contributed to the increase in mortality, as has been found previously [7]. Assuming that in-hospital use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a major driver of ARB colonization, the report by Bilinksi et al. supports a growing body of evidence that promotes antimicrobial stewardship practices even—and perhaps especially—in those who are immunocompromised.
Development and Application of High-accuracy Fiber Bragg Grating Demodulator

The principles and demodulation methods of the fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor sensing temperature and strain are introduced,especially the principles of the tuned Fabry-Perot filter.The system principle,structure,key technique,application and data analysis of the FBG demodulator are described.The test results show that the FBG demodulator has the characteristics of high accuracy and good repeatability.The measurements of temperature and strain are the key monitoring items for the engineering safety.The high-accuracy FBG demodulator is suitable for the safety monitoring of dams and hydraulic projects and it can be applied to monitoring of temperature and deformation in the industry of electric power,traffic and oils.
Functions of Laws of Experiences in Fact-finding and Methods of Overcoming the Shorting of Experiences

Law of experiences is the general knowledge about the property of things and the normal relations between things which come from the process of production and daily living of human for a long time. Law of experiences plays a decisive role in the judgment of qualification of evidence, evaluation of evidence , the process of inference, guiding the parties′procedural acts and applying standard of proof. In order to overcome the shorting of law of experiences in fact-finding in the difference of probability of experiences, the restrictions of conditions in applying experiences and judge′lacking of experiences, we must perfect the institutes of judge, evidence and procedure.
Knowledge and Behavior of Female Residents in Shanghai Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening

[Objective] To investigate the knowledge and behavior concerning early screening for cervical cancer among female residents in Shanghai. [Methods] A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 7 909 female residents( ≥ 15 years old) in August-September 2010 in Shanghai to collect information about the awareness of and participation in the early detection of cervical cancer. [Results] The awareness rates of abnormal signs of cervical cancer(7 908 female residents) and cervical smear test(7 907 female residents) were 54.29% and 34.88% respectively, and the urban residents(59.49% and 39.41%), 18-44 age group(62.04% and 40.30%), and subjects having college and above education(70.29% and 49.33%) reported higher rates. The percentage of ever receiving cervical smear tests was 32.37% of the 6 973 residents aged above 18 years, and varied among age groups and education levels(P 0.001), with the lowest percentage in the 18-44 age group(26.96%) and the illiterate group(20.69%). Among the 2 223 female residents who had ever got cervical smear tests, the median time interval from last test to the day of survey was 2.00 years. [Conclusion] The female residents in Shanghai generally have a high awareness but a low receiving rate of early detection of cervical cancer. The findings indicate health education and behavior intervention on cervical cancer prevention and control should be a focus in this population to encourage their participation and initiative.
Aspirin-Induced Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage

A term newborn infant with intracranial hemorrhage associated with maternal acetylsalicylic acid ingestion before delivery is reported from the Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
DEVELOPING RELATIONS WITH CUSTOMERS: PRESENTATION OF DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS

The theme of customer relations management is constantly being developed. The goal of this paper is to provide insight regarding customer relations from multiple viewpoints. This paper collates the recent information on the subject. Based on all entries, the most important factor for both the customer, and more so, the retailer, is customer satisfaction. The most important relates to the human being. The study examines research results of various authors and study identifies possible risks arising from the interaction of providing services and goods.
Short-term open-label chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) therapy of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder.

Background Conventional drug treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) are often accompanied by substantial side effects, dependence, and/or withdrawal syndrome. A prior controlled study of oral chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) extract showed significant efficacy versus placebo, and suggested that chamomile may have anxiolytic activity for individuals with GAD.
Fabrication and Demonstration of Mercury Disc-Well Probes for Stripping-Based Cyclic Voltammetry Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a rising technique for the study of energy storage materials. Hg-based probes allow the extension of SECM investigations to ionic processes, but the risk of irreversible Hg amalgam saturation limits their operation to rapid timescales and dilute analyte solutions. Here, we report a novel fabrication protocol for Hg disc-well ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs), which retain access to stripping information but are less susceptible to amalgam saturation than traditional Hg sphere-caps or thin-films. The amalgamation and stripping behaviors of Hg disc-well UMEs are compared to those of traditional Hg sphere-cap UMEs and corroborated with data from finite element simulations. The improved protection against amalgam saturation allows Hg disc-wells to operate safely in highly concentrated environments at long timescales. The utility of the probes for bulk measurements extends also to SECM studies, where the disc geometry facilitates small tip–substrate gaps and improves bot...
Vibration Control of Contactless Drive System Using Passband Shaping

Abstract In this work, the problem of vibration control for a contactless drive system is considered, A contactless drive system is a magnetic nut/leadscrew and air bearing assembly that operates on the principle of magnetic/aerodynamic suspension to position a load with high accuracy, However, the dynamics of such system is marginally stable, non-minimum phase, and difficult to stabilize by conventional linear controllers. The technique of passband shaping [1] is applied to regulate plant dynamics and to reject disturbances. It is shown that the passband controller possesses a modular structure and is easy to implement. Simulation results also confirm the vibration suppression capabilities of this controller.
Single center experience with the modified retromuscular Sugarbaker technique for parastomal hernia repair

Purpose Parastomal hernias are challenging to manage, and an optimal repair has yet to be defined. An open, modified, retromuscular Sugarbaker technique has recently been described in the literature as a technically feasible approach to parastomal hernia repair. This study evaluates our initial institutional experience with parastomal hernia repair with the aforementioned technique with respect to safety and durability. Methods All patients who underwent an open, modified retromuscular Sugarbaker parastomal hernia repair from 2014 through 2016 at our institution were identified. Patient characteristics, hernia variables, operative details, and 30-day and medium-term outcomes were abstracted from the Americas Hernia Society Quality Collaborative database. Outcomes of interest included 30-day wound morbidity, mesh-related complications, and hernia recurrence. Results Thirty-eight patients met inclusion criteria. 20 (53%) patients presented to our institution for management of a recurrent parastomal hernia. 35 (92%) patients had a concurrent midline incisional hernia with a mean total hernia width of 15.1 cm and mean defect size of 353 cm2. Thirty-day wound morbidity rate was 13%. At a mean of follow-up of 13 months (range 4-30), the hernia recurrence rate was 11%. Three patients (8%) experienced mesh erosion into the stoma bowel, leading to stoma necrosis, bowel obstruction, and/or perforation which required reoperation at day 8, 12, and 120 days, respectively. Conclusions The outcomes of the retromuscular Sugarbaker technique for the management of parastomal hernias have been disappointing at our institution, with a concerning rate of serious mesh-related complications. This operation, as originally described, needs further study before widespread adoption with a particular focus on the technique of mesh placement, the most appropriate mesh selection, and the long-term rate of mesh erosion.
Spruce Budworm Larval Processing of Piperidine Alkaloids from Spruce Needles

New needle bundles of Picea englemannii (Engelmann spruce) and Picea pungens (blue spruce) contain disubstituted piperidine alkaloids. No alkaloids were found in western spruce budworm larvae (Choristoneura occidentalis), which were feeding on the needles, but needle alkaloids were present in the budworm frass. Excretion of the alkaloids by the budworm larvae, either intact or after a metabolic change, was the common processing pathway. No sequestration could be demonstrated.
A Temporary vs. Permanent Anchored Percutaneous Lead Trial of Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Comparison of Patient Outcomes and Adverse Events

Objectives A trial of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a prerequisite to determine efficacy of the therapy prior to placement of a permanent implanted system. A trial may be conducted employing a percutaneously placed temporary cylindrical lead or via a permanently anchored cylindrical lead placed and subsequently secured via open surgical method. There has been little investigation comparing the two methods of trial. This study is a comparative analysis of the two methods both for prediction of success as well as associated morbidity. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Materials and Methods SCS outcomes of percutaneous temporary lead trial or the temporary lead (TL) group and permanent anchored lead trial or permanent lead (PL) group were analyzed for lack of relief, poor paresthesia coverage, false positive trial phase, fading relief, and biological complications. Results Outcome data was analyzed for 148 patients in the TL group and 138 patients in the PL group. In comparing the two trial methods, false positive rate of trial was higher (p < 0.05) in the PL group as compared to the TL group (6.35 vs. 1.35%). Cumulative wound infections (6.52 vs. 1.35%), and poor wound healing (4.35 vs. 0%) were also significantly higher in the PL group. Rate of success in the trial phase was equal in both groups. Conclusion The percutaneous temporary lead trial group was associated with fewer false positives and wound related complications as compared to permanent anchored lead trial group. There was very little technical advantage of routinely anchoring the trial lead.