cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Optical Properties of Heavy-Rare-Earth Single Crystals

The optical absorptivities of oriented single crystals of hcp Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu were measured at 4.2 K between 0.2 and 4.4 eV. Polarized radiation was used to reveal the optical anisotropy. Systematic movement of structures in the absorptivity and optical conductivity was observed as a result of trends within $\mathrm{sp}$ and $d$ bands. Low-energy structures were related to effects of $s\ensuremath{-}f$ exchange interaction, but were more complicated than previously thought.
Rapid MR imaging of cryoprotectant permeation in an engineered dermal replacement.

Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a powerful technique for monitoring the permeation of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) inside tissues. However, the techniques published until now suffer from inherently long imaging times, limiting the application of these techniques to slow diffusion processes and large CPA concentrations. In this study, we present a rapid MR imaging technique based on a CHESS-FLASH scheme combined with Keyhole image acquisition. This technique can image the fast permeation of Me2SO solutions into freeze-dried artificial dermal replacements for concentrations down to 10% v/v. Special attention is given to evaluating the technique for quantitative analysis.
Drought impacts and recovery are driven by local variation in species turnover

In forest systems, drought acts as a disturbance that can generate impacts on community structure and composition at multiple scales. This study focused on a 2-month drought event within an early successional forest system to determine the mechanism(s) of community response to, and recovery from, drought. Drought induced a 28% decline in neighborhood species richness and cover as a result of decreased colonization and increased extinction rates. Following drought, neighborhood richness quickly recovered via increased colonization rates while extinction rates were unaltered. Drought had little long-term effect on neighborhood structure (species richness and cover) and generated only subtle changes in neighborhood composition. Ruderal (annual and biennial) species were more likely to change (increase or decrease) in cover and frequency than the more stress tolerant perennial and woody species. However, population dynamics appeared to be generally driven by stochastic species turnover among fields and not by uniform shifts in species performance across the site. Although drought impacts and recovery appeared predictable at the neighborhood scale, population responses to drought within the site were rather unpredictable. Our findings suggest that stochastic fine-scale processes can generate predictable course-scale dynamics within a disturbed system. The scale-specific mechanisms of community change presented here should be explored in other systems to determine the extent of their generality in driving disturbance impacts on communities.
Focal posterior interosseous neuropathy in the presence of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type I.

A 30-year-old male with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type I (HMSN I), presented with asymmetric weakness of finger extension and radial deviation with left wrist extension, previously felt to be a manifestation of the peripheral neuropathy. Nerve conduction studies confirmed HMSN I ; however, needle EMG revealed marked, ongoing axonal loss in muscles innervated by the left posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) only. At surgery there was focal fusiform swelling in the PIN at exit from the supinator muscle, compatible with localized hypertrophic neuropathy, which has not been reported before in HMSN I. A concomitant focal mononeuropathy should be considered in cases of hereditary neuropathy with marked asymmetry of weakness.
Cosmogenic dating of fluvial terraces, Fremont River, Utah

Absolute dating of river terraces can yield long-term incision rates, clarify the role of climate in setting times of aggradation and incision, and establish the rates of pedogenic processes. While surface exposure dating using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al would seem to be an ideal dating method, the surfaces are composed of individual clasts, each with its own complex history of exposure and burial. The stochastic nature of burial depth and hence in nuclide production in these clasts during exhumation and fluvial transport, and during post-depositional stirring, results in great variability in clast nuclide concentrations. We present a method for dealing with the problem of pre-depositional inheritance of cosmogenic nuclides. We generate samples by amalgamating many individual clasts in order to average over their widely different exposure histories. Depth profiles of such amalgamated samples allow us to constrain the mean inheritance, to test for the possible importance of stirring, and to estimate the age of the surface. Working with samples from terraces of the Fremont River, we demonstrate that samples amalgamated from 30 clasts represent well the mean concentration. Depth profiles show the expected shifted exponential concentration profile that we attribute to the sum of uniform mean inheritance and depth-dependent post-depositional nuclide production. That the depth-dependent parts of the profiles are exponential argues against significant post-depositional displacement of clasts within the deposit. Our technique yields 10Be age estimates of 60±9, 102±16 and 151±24 ka for the three highest terraces, corresponding to isotope stages 4, 5d and 6, respectively. The mean inheritance is similar from terrace to terrace and would correspond to an error of ∼30–40 ka if not taken into account. The inheritance likely reflects primarily the mean exhumation rates in the headwaters, of order 30 m/Ma.
Another look at creativity and intelligence: Exploring higher-order models and probable confounds.

How strongly is creativity related to intelligence? Although a large body of work has found a small relationship between them, there are reasons to suspect that their relationship has been underestimated. Most studies have assessed creativity and intelligence with observed scores, not as latent variables, and few studies have examined higher-order latent intelligence factors. A sample of university students (n = 226) completed divergent thinking tasks and measures of fluid reasoning, verbal fluency, and strategy generation. Creativity was modestly related to the three lower-order cognitive factors, but it was substantially related (s = .43) to a higher-order intelligence factor composed of the lower-order factors. This effect declined (s = .26) when openness to experience, a likely confounding variable, was considered.
Deindividuation Effects on Group Polarization in Computer-Mediated Communication: The Role of Group Identification, Public-Self-Awareness, and Perceived Argument Quality

The present experiment investigated how deindividuation affects group polarization in computer-mediated communication. Before exchanging their opinions about social dilemmas with 3 ostensible partners via computer, participants either shared some personal information (individuated) or not (deindividuated). Consistent with the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE), deindividuation fostered group identification with the partners and induced greater opinion polarization, partly by heightening concerns about public evaluations. Although participants rated the partners’ arguments more positively when they identified with the partners, perceived argument quality did not significantly affect postdiscussion opinion shift. Deindividuation did not lower private-self-awareness, nor did private-self-awareness significantly influence opinion polarization. Implications are discussed in light of SIDE and the referent informational influence theory.
CLFV Decays at BABAR

Rare τ decays provide a sensitive probe of charged lepton flavor violating interactions. With the dataset collected by the BABAR experiment at PEP-II (∼ 4.88×10^8 τ¯τ pairs at the Υ(4S) resonance), we have set limits on a large variety of rare charge lepton flavor-violating τ decays.
Factors associated with adoption of dietary behavior to reduce heart disease risk among males

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes and descriptive characteristics related to males' adoption of dietary behaviors that have been recommended to the public to reduce total and saturated dietary fat. Telephone interviews were conducted with 300 males, ages 35 to 55 years, who had not been diagnosed as having diabetes, a heart attack or a stroke, and who lived in a nonmetropolitan area of Iowa. Greater adoption of 13 food behaviors was significantly related to more positive attitudes toward these behaviors. Descriptive variables significantly related to both greater adoption and more positive attitudes were higher level of education, occupation as a professional or administrator, greater involvement in food shopping and cooking, and the diagnosis of elevated serum cholesterol. It was concluded that, among this sample, attitudes and descriptive characteristics were significantly related to the adoption of the dietary behaviors investigated.
Recent advances in remote field eddy current NDE techniques and their applications in detection, characterization, and monitoring of deeply hidden corrosion in aircraft structures

The remote field eddy current (RFEC) technique is based on the RFEC phenomenon which is characterized by differences in the energy flow patterns in the near and remote field regions. The energy released by the probe excitation coil traverses the pipe wall twice before reaching the pickup coil. The RFEC technique, currently used in metallic tube inspection, is therefore characterized by its equal sensitivity to a flaw irrespective to its location in the tube wall. It can be used for detecting defects located several skin-depths away from the excitation source, since its inspection capacity is not limited by the skin-depth of the specimen, but by the signal-to-noise ratio for a particular measurement condition. The paper presents two new developments of the RFEC technique. The first one is to extend the technique to the inspection of flat geometry objects. Experimental measurements have shown that anomalies located in the second and third layers in multi-layered aluminum structures up to total thickness of 25.4 mm can be detected. The second development is related to the extension of the technique to pulsed excitation. Finite element modeling results show that the pulsed RFEC signals contain additional information about the object under inspection. A proper analysis of the pulsed RFEC signals can yeild information about the surface, subsurface and the rear wall condition of a conducting object when an appropriate probe is used., A demonstration of the potential applications of both techniques in detecting deeply hidden cracks in aircraft structure samples is presented.
Presentation with Recurrent Intractable Headache: A Patient with Moyamoya Syndrome—Case Report

This clinical case report represents an interesting manifestation of a neurovascular condition that can be easily overlooked by the practicing healthcare provider. In the United States, a Hispanic patient of non-Asian descent presented with atypical symptoms of intractable headache and nausea with no evidence of neurologic deficits. Further diagnostic work-up was performed as the patient was not responding to traditional analgesic medication administration. Ultimately, cerebral angiogram revealed vascular occlusion with collateral circulation consistent with moyamoya syndrome. Discussion of the challenges and available clinical guidance for healthcare professionals dealing with patients presenting with intractable headache are presented in this report.
The Evolution of Applied Geographic Information Systems for Oil Spill Response in California: Rapid Data Dissemination for Informed Decision Making

ABSTRACT Computing technology has advanced to the point where it is now standard practice to employ complex Geographic Information Systems (GIS) within the Incident Command Post (ICP). Simultaneously, field data collection has been migrating to mobile computing applications which output GIS files that are quickly displayed for real-time situational awareness. From the initial emergency response through clean-up and sign-off much data with a spatial component is generated and many disparate data sets are collected. More efficient data integration, management and visual analysis affords Incident Commanders and Section Chiefs the ability to make informed and timely planning, operational and strategic decisions. Traditionally GIS maps were created in the ICP from field sketches, field notes and verbal reports. Processing of these data by the GIS Unit is very time consuming and prone to error. Preliminary efforts to streamline and automate field data collection by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife...
Television watching and risk of colorectal adenoma.

Prolonged TV watching, a major sedentary behaviour, is associated with increased risk of obesity and diabetes and may involve in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 31 065 men with ⩾1 endoscopy in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1988–2008) to evaluate sitting while watching TV and its joint influence with leisure-time physical activity on risk of colorectal adenoma. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prolonged sitting while watching TV was significantly associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma (n=4280), and adjusting for physical activity or a potential mediator body mass index did not change the estimates. The ORs (95% CIs) across categories of TV watching (0–6, 7–13, 14–20, and 21+ h per week) were 1.00 (referent), 1.09 (1.01–1.17), 1.16 (1.06–1.27), and 1.10 (0.97–1.25) (OR per 14-h per week increment=1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.18; Ptrend=0.001). Compared with the least sedentary (0–6 h per week of TV) and most physically active (highest quintile) men, the most sedentary (14+ h per week) and least active (lowest quintile) men had a significant increased risk of adenoma (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.05–1.49), particularly for high-risk adenoma. Prolonged TV viewing is associated with modest increased risk of colorectal adenoma independent of leisure-time physical activity and minimally mediated by obesity.
Deamidation of Soy Peptides and Proteins by Bacillus circulans Peptidoglutaminase

The ability of Bacillus circulans peptidoglutaminase to deamidate soy proteins was investigated. Peptidoglutaminase readily hydrolyzed the γ-amide of glutamine residues in soy peptides, but its activity toward soy proteins was low (0.4–1.3% deamidation). Molecular size and conformation of soy protein may be critical to enzymatic deamidation. Gel adsorption was used to partially purify the enzyme. Gel eluates exhibited higher acitivty than the cell extract toward soy peptides and all soy proteins but US globulin. The specific activity of the gel eluate toward 7S globulin and a water extract of soy flakes was doubled over the original cell extract.
Development of a glass ampoule system for evaluation of long-term sorption/desorption behavior of vapor phase volatile organic compounds in geosorbents

Knowledge of the sorption/desorption behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in natural materials is critical to understanding the fate and transport of contaminants in saturated and unsaturated soil and sediment systems. Currently, a number of protocols exist to evaluate sorption isotherms of VOCs in the vapor phase. However, each of these methods possesses an inability to equilibrate samples for long periods of time while maintaining high mass recoveries; this problem is exacerbated when the compounds of interest exhibit high vapor pressures. This paper describes a new headspace analysis technique which employs a new glass ampoule system, which, when compared with commercially available glass ampoule systems and three other headspace analysis methods used for batch sorption experiments, was shown to exhibit improved mass recovery over long equilibration periods. The new headspace analysis protocol was also evaluated for application to full cycles of sorption/desorption experiments with similarly good mass recoveries. Results of this study show that the new headspace analysis protocol employing the new glass ampoule system is a reliable and relatively inexpensive method for obtaining both sorption and desorption data for VOCs.
Gang Membership and Drug Involvement: Untangling the Complex Relationship

Previous research has consistently demonstrated a relationship between gang membership and involvement in illegal substances. In addition, researchers have noted that gang members are frequently more heavily involved in drug sales, which often lead to increases in violent behaviors. Most of this research, however, is either cross-sectional or ethnographic in nature, and therefore does not reveal the causal nature of these relationships. This research attempts to establish the temporal ordering of these relationships while controlling for a variety of relevant variables and to determine whether the relationships between drug involvement and violence differ for gang members versus nongang members. The findings indicate that gang membership is weakly associated with drug involvement, including both usage and sales. This involvement, however, does not appear to be related to assaults. Results suggest that gang membership is not determinative of drug involvement among a national random sample of youth.
Millimeter-wave integrated diagonal horn antennas

A high-efficiency integrated horn antenna has been designed for millimeter-wave applications. The design consists of a dipole antenna suspended on a dielectric membrane along the diagonal of a pyramidal cavity etched in silicon. The theoretical far-field pattern and input impedance of the dipole-fed horn antenna are calculated using full-wave analysis. The impedance and radiation patterns of a dipole-fed diagonal horn antenna were measured at microwave frequencies. It is found that a dipole feed position of 0.4 lambda and horn apertures between 1.0 lambda and 1.4 lambda yield nearly equal E- and H-plane patterns. The associated directivity for a 1.35 lambda horn aperture is 9.8 dB+or-0.2 dB. The resonant feed dipole input impedance is 55 Omega and suitable for Schottky diode and SIS detectors. >
The Original Ancestor Aj Pop B’atz’ as a Model of Q’eqchi’ Kinship

In San Juan Chamelco, Guatemala, the Q’eqchi’ redefine history through narratives of Aj Pop B’atz’, the sixteenth-century Q’eqchi’ leader. Chamelquenos trace their strength of character and the perseverance of indigenous practice to his legacy. This article examines Aj Pop B’atz’ as a model of Q’eqchi’ kinship. In Chamelco, Q’eqchi’ junkab’als, “families,” consist of individuals connected through biological or social ties. Stories of Aj Pop B’atz’ are part of the shared substance that binds them as kin. By grounding the contemporary family in Q’eqchi’ history, Chamelquenos define their indigenous identity in a time of global challenges and political unrest (Maya, kinship, ethnohistory, shared substance).
Growth and yield response of two potato cultivars in various levels of applied water

The effects of six levels of irrigation water supply on the growth and yield of two potato cultivars, Kennebec and White Rose, were examined in a field experiment conducted on a deep Yolo loam soil. Seasonal patterns of soil water depletion, water-use efficiency, leaf area development, and dry matter partitioning were evaluated.
Lack of correlation between pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction in cystic fibrosis: a case report

Mutations in both alleles of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene result in the disease cystic fibrosis, which usually manifests as chronic sinopulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency, elevated sodium chloride loss in sweat, infertility among men due to agenesis of the vas deferens and other symptoms including liver disease. We describe a pair of African-American brothers, aged 21 and 27, with cystic fibrosis. They were homozygous for a rare frameshift mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator 3791delC, which would be expected to cause significant morbidity. Although 80% of cystic fibrosis patients are colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by eight years of age, the older brother had no serum opsonic antibody titer to P. aeruginosa by age 13 and therefore would have failed to mount an effective antibody response to the alginate (mucoid polysaccharide) capsule of P. aeruginosa. He was not colonized with P. aeruginosa until 24 years of age. Similarly, the younger brother was not colonized with P. aeruginosa until age 20 and had no significant lung disease. Despite a prevailing idea in cystic fibrosis research that the amount of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator predicts clinical status, our results indicated that respiratory disease severity in cystic fibrosis exhibits phenotypic heterogeneity. If this heterogeneity is, in part, genetic, it is most likely derived from genes outside the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator locus.
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Ring Resonator Bandpass Filter With a Notched Band

This letter presents a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a notched band using a ring resonator. Bandwidths of the ring resonator with two stepped-impedance stubs are calculated by examining the relations between resonant frequencies and the characteristic impedance of the ring. Stepped-impedance ports are used to obtain improved return losses in a high-frequency band. Interdigital-coupled feed lines with an asymmetric structure embedded in the stepped-impedance ports are developed to avoid wireless local-area network (WLAN) signals at 5 GHz band. Measured results show that 3 dB fractional bandwidths (FBWs) are 102.8% and 103.3% with and without the notched band, respectively. Measured insertion loss of the notched band within the UWB is 11.14 dB at 5.41 GHz.
Geography and Planning: Some Perspectives

(1977). Geography and Planning: Some Perspectives. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 148-152.
Forensic techniques for classifying scanner, computer generated and digital camera images

Digital images can be captured or generated by a variety of sources including digital cameras, scanners and computer graphics softwares. In many cases it is important to be able to determine the source of a digital image such as for criminal and forensic investigation. This paper presents methods for distinguishing between an image captured using a digital camera, a computer generated image and an image captured using a scanner. The method proposed here is based on the differences in the image generation processes used in these devices and is independent of the image content. The method is based on using features of the residual pattern noise that exist in images obtained from digital cameras and scanners. The residual noise present in computer generated images does not have structures similar to the pattern noise of cameras and scanners. The experiments show that a feature based approach using an SVM classifier gives high accuracy.
Common sense assistant for writing stories that teach social skills

People on the autistic spectrum often have difficulties with social interaction, and these difficulties are compounded when a person faces the uncertainty of not knowing what to expect in a new social setting. Detailed, step-by-step explanations of people's intentions and plausible actions can often help autistic people make sense of the situation, adapt to the social rules, and reduce stress associated with the social encounter. Carol Gray's Social Stories? are carefully structured stories designed to prepare autistic people for everyday situations such as smiling at friends, waiting in a line, and staying calm in an audience when the speaker's slides don't match the handouts. Teachers or parents writing these stories often forget to include explanations of simple, "common sense" facts and simple variations of the story that might occur in different circumstances. We present a new tool that helps the writer explain salient points and think of more variations of the story. It uses a knowledge base of Common Sense sentences, Open Mind Common Sense, and inference in a semantic network, ConceptNet. We are investigating whether this new tool's suggestions are useful by examining how often the writers choose and use the suggestions that it generates.
Effect of medical, drug abuse, and mental health care on receipt of dental care by drug users

We examined the association of patterns of health care in 1996 with subsequent dental care in 1997 or 1998 for 47,260 drug users enrolled in New York State Medicaid. From Medicaid files, we identified psychiatric care, prescribed antidepressants, a regular source of medical care, regular drug treatment (6+ contiguous months), and clinical conditions. Of this cohort, 58% received dental care. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of dental care were increased for drug users receiving psychiatric care and antidepressants (1.66 [1.55, 1.77]), psychiatric care alone (1.48 [1.41, 1.56]), or only antidepressants (1.18 [1.10, 1.27]), vs. neither. AORs of dental care were also higher for those with a regular source of medical care alone (1.27 [1.23, 1.35]) or with regular drug treatment (1.33 [CI 1.25, 1.41]) vs. neither. Mental health care and, to a lesser extent, a regular source of medical care and regular drug treatment may promote dental care in this vulnerable population.
Implementing Problem-Oriented Pedagogies in Engineering Education: Examination of Tensions and Drivers

Engineering educators are being challenged to create learning environments that not only teach technical skills, but also foster higher-order thinking skills and instill professional attributes. Problem-based learning has been proposed as an effective method to prepare our future engineers. However, pedagogical innovations, like PBL, disrupt comfortable routines for both educators and students. Furthermore, engineering educators operate within the larger systems in which their classrooms are embedded, which can facilitate or hinder their initial intentions, as these larger systems can present their own set of tensions. In this chapter, we examine tensions and drivers associated with implementing PBL in engineering education and offer suggestions for aligning the two.
Renal arteriovenous fistulas secondary to bilateral renal cell carcinoma

Arteriovenous fistulas commonly occur in cases of renal cell carcinoma, but they rarely produce sufficient left-to-right shunting to cause decompensation of the cardiovascular system. A case of refractory hypertension and congestive heart failure secondary to arteriovenous shunting in bilateral renal cell carcinoma is presented. Renal blood flow studies at the time of staged nephrectomy, together with measurements of cardiac output, established parenchymal arteriovenous shunting as the cause of the patient's cardiovascular symptoms. Subsequent nephrectomy achieved a marked clinical and symptomatic improvement. The causes, diagnosis, and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas are discussed. Although nephrectomy offers dramatic resolution of clinical symptoms, long-term survival depends on the behavior of the neoplasm.
Effects of Flour and Milling Debris on Efficacy of Beta-Cyfluthrin for Control of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine if accumulation of a flour food source or milling debris affected residual efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin for control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle. In the laboratory study, the high label rate of 20 mg active ingredient (AI)/m2 gave effective control for 8 wks, regardless of whether or not the concrete was sealed prior to application or the presence of flour contamination. However, with the low label rate of 10 mg AI/m2, the flour apparently absorbed the insecticide residues from the treated surface, and sealing the concrete did not have a beneficial effect on efficacy. Two field studies with the low label rate were conducted during autumn of 2012 and 2013 and summer of 2013, using only unsealed concrete. Accumulated milling debris caused a reduction in efficacy in the autumn studies, as shown by increased time to 100% knockdown, decreased mortality, and decreased residual efficacy. There was no such corresponding decrease in residual efficacy in the summer study. Overall, results of both studies show that accumulated food and milling debris can absorb residue of beta-cyfluthrin from a treated surface and have a negative impact on residual efficacy, particularly with the low label rate of 10 mg AI/m2.
MINORITY THREAT AND POLICE STRENGTH FROM 1980 TO 2000: A FIXED‐EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS IN LARGE U.S. CITIES

In 2005, Stephanie L. Kent and I published an article in this journal on the relationship between racial threat and police strength in large U.S. cities (Kent and Jacobs, 2005). The results were based on two-way fixed-effects pooled time-series analysis of these cities in 1980, 1990, and 2000. When another graduate student recently reexamined this data, he found a serous coding error and a few less critical variable discrepancies that may be attributable to reporting agency data modifications, which occurred after these data originally were collected. This reanalysis shows the results when these differences and a more serious error are rectified..... ....The main theoretical implications of the prior analysis (Kent and Jacobs, 2005) persist. The new results continue to suggest that enhanced Black threat produces larger police forces. The findings again show that the effects of racial threat increased from 1980 to 2000 (as a Wald test indicates that the three coefficients on race differ significantly from one another). In addition to the many other findings with identical theoretical implications, the corrected model continues to suggest that municipalities with a city manager have fewer police officers relative to their population. This is so probably because, in contrast to mayors who face elections, these unelected officials can better resist public crime panics and the resultant pressure to hire additional police officers. The corrected results suggest that the presence of a city manager reduces sworn officer rates by approximately 9.2 percent. This point estimate is more plausible than the 21 percent estimate reported in the original study. Language: en
A MACHINING PERFORMANCE STUDY IN DRY CONTOUR TURNING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS WITH FLAT-FACED AND GROOVED DIAMOND TOOLS

This paper presents the results from an experimental study of dry contour turning operations on aluminum alloys (6061B and 2011-T3) using PCD flat-faced and diamond coated grooved tools. The machining performance is assessed on the basis of cutting forces, chip flow, chip-form and surface roughness observed during contour turning operations. The constantly varying cutting conditions (especially effective depth of cut due to varying geometry of the contour surface) and effective tool geometry cause a wide fluctuation in cutting forces and the ensuing chip flow. The chip flow angle is measured along the contour geometry using high-speed filming techniques and these results are compared with predicted chip flow values from the measured experimental cutting forces (which are measured along the entire contour geometry). The resultant surface roughness at different locations along the contour profile is measured and correlated with the chip flow and chip-form variations. Machining performance issues specificall...
Revisiting Informal and Incidental Learning as a Vehicle for Professional Learning and Development

This chapter revisits a theory of informal and incidental learning developed in 1990 by Victoria Marsick and Karen Watkins in light of recent developments in theory and a reassessment of the model based on both research and experience. An extended example of paramedic learning developed by Barbara Lovin is used to illustrate the model, challenges in the original model, and changes in our thinking about the model. The chapter concludes with a discussion of implications for professional development and learning.
Cycle-to-Cycle Control of HCCI Engines

With stated benefits ranging from increased thermal efficiency to significantly reduced NOx emissions, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) represents a promising combustion strategy for future engines. When achieved by reinducting exhaust gas with a variable valve actuation (VVA) system, however, HCCI possesses nonlinear cycle-to-cycle coupling through the exhaust gas and lacks an easily identified trigger comparable to spark or fuel injection. This makes closed-loop control decidedly nontrivial. To develop a controller for HCCI, the engine cycle is partitioned into five stages: adiabatic, constant pressure induction of re-inducted product and reactant charge; isentropic compression to the point just prior to combustion initiation; constant volume combustion; isentropic expansion of product gases; isentropic exhaust of product gases. Using this framework, a nonlinear low-order model of HCCI combustion is formulated, where the input is the molar ratio of reinducted products to fresh reactants and the output is the peak in-cylinder pressure. Comparison with experimental in-cylinder pressure data shows that the model, while simple, offers reasonable fidelity. Using the nonlinear model, a linearized model and an accompanying LQR controller are formulated and implemented on a more detailed model presented in previous work. Results from these simulations show that the modeling and control approach is indeed successful at tracking a varying desired work output while maintaining a constant desired combustion phasing.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Comparison of Silica-, Alumina-, and Polymer-Based Stationary Phases for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

A comprehensive chromatographic evaluation of four pH-stable analytical-scale reversed-phase columns is presented. The following columns are investigated in this study : Unisphere-PBD, γRP-1, PRP-1, and Deltabond C 8 . The columns are evaluated in terms of reduced plate height, reduced eluent linear velocity, column flow resistance, peak asymmetry, selectivity, total porosity, and the Knox-Parcher ratio. Deltabond C 8 is found to be the most efficient column followed by yRP-1, Unisphere-PBD, and PRP-1. All columns except PRP-1 remain well below a flow resistance value of 1000 at flow rates between 0.5 and 4.0 mL/min. Excluding PRP-1, the columns show excellent peak symmetry (A s < 1.2). With respect to selectivity, all columns except γRP-1 have adequate selectivity for the analytes in the test mixture. The total porosity for the columns yields a value of about 0.77 for the alumina particle columns, 0.67 for the silica particle column, and 0.60 for the polymeric particle column. The Knox-Parcher ratio for each of the four columns indicates that the centrally injected solute would not reach the walls before exiting the column. The low dependence of column pressure drop on flow rate for the Unisphere-PBD suggests that it may be ideal for preparative-type separations. Highlighting the capability of the Unisphere-PBD are representative applications in the areas of pharmaceuticals and natural products, including purines and pyrimidines, PTH-amino acids, peptides, catecholamines, fat soluble vitamins and derivatives, and analgesics.
The Clinical and Pathological Findings Following Warfare Gassing

A study was made of the residual effects of gassing with chlorine, mustard, phosgene, and arsenical compounds, in the case of 486 veterans. Of this number 307 were living and 179 had died. One hundred and thirty-three patients had been gassed with chlorine; 142 with mustard; 139 with phosgene, and seventytwo had been gassed with arsenical compounds. During the World War the various chemicals used for warfare gassing affected predominantly the respiratory tract. The character of the lesions found immediately after gassing depended upon the particular chemical substance used. Certain of these, as for instance chlorine, affected the upper portion of the respiratory tract; others, like phosgene and the organic arsenical compounds, affected the finer bronchi; mustard gassing was frequently accompanied by a secondary invasion of the respiratory tract with micro-organisms which resulted in acute suppurative conditions of the bronchi or alveoli. Certain of the warfare chemicals caused traumatic injuries of the eyes. The severity and extent of the eye injuries were dependent upon the chemical used, as well as upon its concentration. Mustard was the most effective of warfare chemicals in that it
A randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of sodium oxybate therapy on quality of life in narcolepsy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of sodium oxybate versus placebo to improve quality of life in patients with narcolepsy. DESIGN: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient facility of 42 sleep centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe. PARTICIPANTS: Study participants were 285 patients with narcolepsy, 16 to 75 years of age, with a median Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 18, a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test sleep latency of 9.56 minutes, and experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy, including cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness with recurrent sleep episodes almost daily for at least 3 months at the time of enrollment. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were gradually withdrawn from narcolepsy medications used for cataplexy, including antidepressants. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to receive 4.5, 6.0, or 9.0 g per day of sodium oxybate or placebo taken in two equally divided doses upon retiring to bed and again 2.5 to 4 hours later for 4 weeks during the stable dosing phase. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The change in quality of life following the administration of sodium oxybate was measured with the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. The nightly administration of sodium oxybate produced significant dose-related improvements in the Total Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire score, as well as in the Activity Level, General Productivity, Vigilance, and Social Outcomes subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The nocturnal administration of sodium oxybate in patients with narcolepsy was associated with statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in functional status, an important component of quality of life.
Effects of maleic acid on renal phosphorus transport: role of dietary phosphorus.

The effects of maleic acid on renal phosphate (Pi) transport were examined by clearance and brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) transport studies. In normal rats, maleic acid 50 mg.kg body wt-1.h-1 increased the phosphaturia (P less than 0.001). Intraperitoneal administration of a similar dose of maleic acid decreased the BBMV uptake of Pi but not glucose. In rats fed a low-phosphate diet (0.03%), the maleic acid-induced phosphaturia was blunted, but the inhibitory effect on the BBMV transport of Pi persisted. In chronic parathyroidectomized rats fed a low-phosphate diet, where the filtered load of Pi was higher than in the previous groups, the phosphaturia was abolished, but the inhibition of the BBMV transport of Pi was sustained. Both the in vitro incubation of BBMVV and in vivo administration of maleic acid were associated with a competitive inhibition of Pi transport. These studies indicate that the maleic acid-induced phosphaturia is expressed at the apical membrane entry step of Pi, and the enhanced distal tubular reabsorption accounts for the lack of phosphaturia in dietary Pi deprivation.
Nutrient intake and cerebral metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults: Implications for cognitive aging.

Objectives: Growing evidence suggests dietary factors influence cognition, but the effects of nutrient intake on cerebral metabolism in adults are currently unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between major macronutrient intake (fat, carbohydrate, and protein) and cerebral neurochemical profiles in middle-aged adults.Methods: Thirty-six adults recorded dietary intake for 3 days prior to completing cognitive testing and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scan. 1H-MRS of occipitoparietal gray matter was used to assess glutamate (Glu), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) relative to creatine (Cr) levels.Results: Regression analyses revealed that high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with lower cerebral Glu/Cr (P = 0.005), and high intake of saturated fat (SFA) was associated with poorer memory function (P = 0.030) independent of age, sex, education, estimated intelligence, total caloric intake, and body mass index.Disc...
Spermine synthesis in the uterus of the ovariectomized rat in response to oestradiol-17β

We reported that spermidine and spermine pools in the uterus both doubled within 24h after oestradiol administration to castrated rats (Russell & Taylor, 1971). Now we have studied the enzymic synthesis of spermine (by spermidine-dependent S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase) and find that the activity of the enzyme(s) involved is elevated soon after hormone administration. Enzyme activity is increased within 4h and is five times that of controls within 24h. Cycloheximide or actinomycin D administered at the time of oestradiol injection completely blocked the increase in enzyme activity. The enzyme involved in spermine synthesis, S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase, with S-adenosyl-l-methionine and spermidine as required substrates, was partially purified on Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose columns. The decarboxylation of S-adenosyl-l-methionine could not be separated from the transfer of a propylamine moiety from the decarboxylated S-adenosyl-l-methionine to spermidine to form spermine. We were unable also to separate this system from the enzyme that formed spermidine when S-adenosyl-l-methionine and putrescine are used as substrates. Spermidine-stimulated S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase has an apparent half-life of 60min, identical with the half-life reported for putrescine-stimulated S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase. These results strongly suggest that the same enzyme(s) operate in the synthesis of both spermidine and spermine.
Proposing a Pedigree Risk Measurement Strategy: Capturing the Intergenerational Transmission of Antisocial Behavior in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults

An impressive literature has revealed that variation in virtually every measurable phenotype is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Based on these findings, studies that fail to use genetically informed modeling strategies risk model misspecification and biased parameter estimates. Twin- and adoption-based research designs have frequently been used to overcome this limitation. Despite the many advantages of such approaches, many available datasets do not contain samples of twins, siblings or adoptees, making it impossible to utilize these modeling strategies. The current study proposes a measurement strategy for estimating the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior (ASB) within a nationally representative sample of singletons using an extended pedigree risk approach that relies on information from first- and second-degree relatives. An evaluation of this approach revealed a pattern of findings that directly aligned with studies examining ASB using more traditional twin- and adoption-based research designs. While the proposed pedigree risk approach is not capable of effectively isolating genetic and environmental influences, this overall alignment in results provides tentative evidence suggesting that the proposed pedigree risk measure effectively captures genetic influences. Future replication studies are necessary as this observation remains preliminary. Whenever possible, more traditional quantitative genetic methodologies should be favored, but the presented strategy remains a viable alternative for more limited samples.
Complexes of chicken heart lactic dehydrogenase with coenzymes and substrates.

Abstract Incubation of chicken heart lactic dehydrogenase with DPN and pyruvate led to the formation of complexes in which the enzymatic activity was inhibited. These complexes were isolated over Sephadex and their spectral and chemical characteristics were investigated. Analogous complexes have been obtained with 3-acetyl pyridine DPN. A complex containing one molecule of coenzyme and one molecule of substrate per molecule of enzyme was isolated in the very early stages of incubation. Addition of sodium borohydride reduced the complexes. These reduced complexes were ibtained with DPN and with a number of DPN analogs. Also these complexes were isolated over Sephadex and they also showed inhibition of the enzymatic activity. The possible implications of these findings from the enzymological point of view are discussed.
SU-F-R-18: Updates to the Computational Environment for Radiological Research for Image Analysis

Purpose: To present new tools in CERR for Texture Analysis and Visualization. Method: (1) Quantitative Image Analysis: We added the ability to compute Haralick texture features based on local neighbourhood. The Texture features depend on many parameters used in their derivation. For example: (a) directionality, (b) quantization of image, (c) patch-size for the neighborhood, (d) handling of the edge voxels within the region of interest, (e) Averaging co-occurance matrix vs texture features for different directions etc. A graphical user interface was built to set these parameters and then visualize their impact on the resulting texture maps. The entire functionality was written in Matlab. Array indexing was used to speed up the texture calculation. The computation speed is very competitive with the ITK library. Moreover, our implementation works with multiple CPUs and the computation time can be further reduced by using multiple processor threads. In order to reduce the Haralick texture maps into scalar features, we propose the use of Texture Volume Histograms. This lets users make use of the entire distribution of texture values within the region of interest rather than using just the mean and the standard deviations. (2) Qualitative/Visualization tools: The derived texture maps are stored as a new scan (derived) within CERR's planC data structure. A display that compares various scans was built to show the raw image and the derived texture maps side-by-side. These images are positionally linked and can be navigated together. CERR's graphics handling was updated and sped-up to be compatible with the newer Matlab versions. As a result, the users can use (a) different window levels and colormaps for different viewports, (b) click-and-drag or use mouse scroll-wheel to navigate slices. Results: The new features and updates are available via https://www.github.com/adityaapte/cerr. Conclusion: Features added to CERR increase its utility in Radiomics and Outcomes modeling.
An adaptive step size incremental conductance method for faster maximum power point tracking

Maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic array changes with environmental conditions. To obtain the highest possible amount of power from a solar array it should be operated at MPP in its power-voltage curve. An adaptive step size approach along with the standard incremental conductance method is proposed in this paper. This algorithm includes a fixed step S, an exponential factor M and the incremental conductance in the feedback system. This arrangement dynamically changes the step size to obtain the MPP with lesser number of iterations than that of the conventional incremental conductance method. An optimized set of values for S and M was obtained after inspecting their impacts on the accuracy and speed of convergence. The design and analysis was done using Matlab software. This method can be implemented instead of the standard incremental conductance method for its faster convergence speed while maintaining the same level of accuracy.