cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron transport properties of La1-xSrxTiO3 under hydrostatic pressure

The temperature dependence of the resistance and thermoelectric power under hydrostatic pressure between 10 and 300 K are reported for two compositions, x = 0.044 and x = 0.05, of the narrowband system La 1-x Sr x TiO 3 . The application of hydrostatic pressure at room temperature induces a transition from a positive p-type to a negative n-type thermoelectric power for x = 0.044. This behavior is interpreted within a model of itinerant-electron antiferromagnetism in LaTiO 3 .
Myiasis on a Giant Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp: A Case Report and Review of Relevant Literature

Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy amongst Caucasians worldwide with basal cell and squamous cell cancer being the most common. Giant skin cancers are a relatively rare type of skin cancer that are, by definition, greater than 5 cm. This subtype by itself is associated with a significantly increased risk of complications and mortality. Myiasis is defined as infestation of body tissues of humans by dipterous larvae. Myiasis is often associated with malignant skin conditions. We describe a rare case of cutaneous myiasis located on a giant squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp in an elderly female. Myiasis coupled with malignant skin conditions provides a unique surgical challenge. This is especially true if the malignancy is invasive, as in our case, often requiring a multidisciplinary multimodality treatment plan.
Time, Trauma, and Ambiguous Loss: Working with Families with Missing Members in Postconflict Cyprus

War rips the social fabric of refugees’ lives, disrupting physical, psychological, and emotional structures that may have been in place for generations and leaving persons without a home and without a sense of belonging. This chapter engages a crucial dimension of trauma—the disruption of the unifying thread of temporality—and the unique challenges presented by ambiguous loss in internally displaced Greek Cypriot refugee families with a missing member. A clinical vignette highlights the different ways family members respond or recalibrate to identification of remains of a loved one. Therapeutic work with refugee families erodes the Western dichotomy between public and private, and involves modalities that move beyond the “talking cure” of traditional psychotherapy. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the discourse of refugee trauma and the positionality of systemic practitioners who seek to be helpful with refugee families.
The Cognition of Price

Thirsty rats made 10, 30, or 90 licks at an empty spout for 10, 30, or 90 licks at a water spout. In the first experiment, three groups of six experienced a perfect positive, negative, or zero correlation between the number of empty licks required and the consequent number of water licks. The behavioral price of the water lick was the same for all three groups in terms of total empty licks/total water licks. But in terms of the arithmetic mean of the individual prices, the positive correlation imposed the lowest price, the negative correlation the highest. As the mean price increased the rats made fewer water licks, in accordance with the demand law, and licked more efficiently, getting more water per lick. In the second experiment, six rats chose between perfect positive and perfect negative correlational episodes. They showed at best only a slight preference for the positive, 55% on average, but started positive episodes much sooner than negative episodes. In the third experiment five rats chose between an imperfect positive and an imperfect negative correlation that represented a relatively small difference in terms of mean price. They chose each correlation 50% of the time on average, and they started positive episodes no sooner than negative ones. The overall pattern of results suggests that rats code price in terms of the arithmetic mean of the individual prices they have experienced and not in terms of the total cost relative to the total amount consumed over a particular interval of time.
Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Insulin resistance precedes and predicts the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in susceptible humans, underscoring its important role in the complex pathogenesis of this disease. Insulin resistance contributes to multiple tissue defects characteristic of T2D, including reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues, increased hepatic glucose production, increased lipolysis in adipose tissue, and altered insulin secretion. Studies of individuals with insulin resistance, both with established T2D and high-risk individuals, have consistently demonstrated a diverse array of defects in mitochondrial function (i.e., bioenergetics, biogenesis and dynamics). However, it remains uncertain whether mitochondrial dysfunction is primary (critical initiating defect) or secondary to the subtle derangements in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and defective insulin secretion present early in the course of disease development. In this chapter, we will present the evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance, and review the potential for mitochondrial targets as a therapeutic approach for T2D.
Cord blood DNA methylation and adiposity measures in early and mid-childhood

Excess adiposity in childhood is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. As this condition is difficult to treat once present, identification of risk early in life can help inform and implement strategies to prevent the onset of the condition. We performed an epigenome-wide association study to prospectively investigate the relationship between cord blood DNA methylation and adiposity measurements in childhood. We measured genome-wide DNA methylation from 478 children in cord blood and measured overall and central adiposity via skinfold caliper measurements in early (range 3.1–3.3 years) and mid-childhood (age range 7.3–8.3 years) and via dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in mid-childhood. Final models were adjusted for maternal age at enrollment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, education, folate intake during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, and gestational weight gain, and child sex, race/ethnicity, current age, and cord blood cell composition. We identified four promoter proximal CpG sites that were associated with adiposity as measured by subscapular (SS) and triceps (TR) ratio (SS:TR) in early childhood, in the genes KPRP, SCL9A10, MYLK2, and PRLHR. We additionally identified one gene body CpG site associated with early childhood SS + TR on PPAPDC1A; this site was nominally associated with SS + TR in mid-childhood. Higher methylation at one promoter proximal CpG site in MMP25 was also associated with SS:TR in mid-childhood. In regional analyses, methylation at an exonal region of GFPT2 was positively associated with SS:TR in early childhood. Finally, we identified regions of two long, non-coding RNAs which were associated with SS:TR (LOC100049716) and fat-free mass index (LOC102723493) in mid-childhood. This analysis identified novel CpG loci associated with adiposity outcomes. However, our results suggest little consistency across the various adiposity outcomes tested, particularly among the more accurate DXA measurements of body composition. We recommend using caution when interpreting these associations.
Representing, Running, and Revising Mental Models: A Computational Model

People use commonsense science knowledge to flexibly explain, predict, and manipulate the world around them, yet we lack computational models of how this commonsense science knowledge is represented, acquired, utilized, and revised. This is an important challenge for cognitive science: Building higher order computational models in this area will help characterize one of the hallmarks of human reasoning, and it will allow us to build more robust reasoning systems. This paper presents a novel assembled coherence (AC) theory of human conceptual change, whereby people revise beliefs and mental models by constructing and evaluating explanations using fragmentary, globally inconsistent knowledge. We implement AC theory with Timber, a computational model of conceptual change that revises its beliefs and generates human-like explanations in commonsense science. Timber represents domain knowledge using predicate calculus and qualitative model fragments, and uses an abductive model formulation algorithm to construct competing explanations for phenomena. Timber then (a) scores competing explanations with respect to previously accepted beliefs, using a cost function based on simplicity and credibility, (b) identifies a low-cost, preferred explanation and accepts its constituent beliefs, and then (c) greedily alters previous explanation preferences to reduce global cost and thereby revise beliefs. Consistency is a soft constraint in Timber; it is biased to select explanations that share consistent beliefs, assumptions, and causal structure with its other, preferred explanations. In this paper, we use Timber to simulate the belief changes of students during clinical interviews about how the seasons change. We show that Timber produces and revises a sequence of explanations similar to those of the students, which supports the psychological plausibility of AC theory.
An ℓ 1 -regularized least-squares deblurring algorithm with an application to GPR imaging

The delay-and-sum (DAS) algorithm is widely used to reconstruct ground penetrating radar (GPR) images because of its simplicity and speed. However the drawback of the DAS algorithm is that it produces images with poor resolution and significant sidelobes. In this paper, we present a method that deblurs the DAS image using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) without incurring the high computation cost associated with conventional LASSO. In a limited study using simulated data, the proposed deblurring algorithm produces images that are sparse with significantly reduced sidelobes.
Focus on Communities

The opportunity for oncology nursing to have a broader influence in clinical care has never been more in sync with the times, buoyed by breakthroughs in diagnostics, precision treatments, and broader applications of interprofessional care. However, that influence is still encumbered by inequities in cancer care delivery to marginalized or underserved patients here in the United States and globally.
Introduction: Good, Better, and (Dangerously) Best Samaritans

Marco Iacoboni, one of the world’s foremost neuroscientists and author of Mirroring People: The Science of Empathy and How We Relate to Others, recently participated on a panel with the Dalai Lama at the “Happiness and Its Causes Conference” in Brisbane, Australia.1During the discussion, Iacoboni described the biological basis for human connection as the brain’s mirror neuron system, a physiological explanation for humans’ desire to interact with each other in emotionally fulfilling ways.
Sea-level fingerprints emergent from GRACE mission data

Abstract. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data have an important, if not revolutionary, impact on how scientists quantify the water transport on the Earth's surface. The transport phenomena include land hydrology, physical oceanography, atmospheric moisture flux, and global cryospheric mass balance. The mass transport observed by the satellite system also includes solid Earth motions caused by, for example, great subduction zone earthquakes and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) processes. When coupled with altimetry, these space gravimetry data provide a powerful framework for studying climate-related changes on decadal timescales, such as ice mass loss and sea-level rise. As the changes in the latter are significant over the past two decades, there is a concomitant self-attraction and loading phenomenon generating ancillary changes in gravity, sea surface, and solid Earth deformation. These generate a finite signal in GRACE and ocean altimetry, and it may often be desirable to isolate and remove them for the purpose of understanding, for example, ocean circulation changes and post-seismic viscoelastic mantle flow, or GIA, occurring beneath the seafloor. Here we perform a systematic calculation of sea-level fingerprints of on-land water mass changes using monthly Release-06 GRACE Level-2 Stokes coefficients for the span April 2002 to August 2016, which result in a set of solutions for the time-varying geoid, sea-surface height, and vertical bedrock motion. We provide both spherical harmonic coefficients and spatial maps of these global field variables and uncertainties therein ( https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/8UC8IR ; Adhikari et al. , 2019 ). Solutions are provided for three official GRACE data processing centers, namely the University of Texas Austin's Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), with and without rotational feedback included and in both the center-of-mass and center-of-figure reference frames. These data may be applied for either study of the fields themselves or as fundamental filter components for the analysis of ocean-circulation- and earthquake-related fields or for improving ocean tide models.
Alternative Payment Models and Team-Based Care

Team-based care delivery models offer opportunities to improve quality of care and outcomes for patients, providers, and communities. Because of various barriers, including disincentives in the payment system, team-based care has not reached its potential. This commentary discusses team-based care in the context of emerging value-based payment models and the potential costs of, and opportunities afforded by, these models.
Multi Kilovolt Lithium Niobate Pyroelectric Cantilever Switched Power Supply

High voltage actuators used in micro-robotics can require several kilovolts for sufficient displacements. A high voltage electronics driving system is required for functional robotics so that it can be integrated within the microrobot with minimal impacts on robot size and weight. Here we report a proof-of-concept Pyroelectric High Voltage Generator (PHVG) combined with a cantilever electrostatic switch used in pull-in mode, which demonstrated actuations of a piezoelectric actuator. The use of an electrostatic switch with pyroelectric LiNbO 3 generator provides a pathway to generate high voltages from very small battery voltages and the capability to turn them on with small size and weight. We have demonstrated output voltages up to 1900V from PHVG in the ambient with a 15V input voltage at a temperature change of 2-3°C. The high-voltage generated is measured using the pull-in voltage of the cantilever switch. Scaling of the structure can lead to the development of low-SWAP high-voltage sources in the 10–20 kV range.
Total thyroidectomy: Safe and curative treatment option for hyperthyroidism.

Background While use of total thyroidectomy has increased in management of hyperthyroidism, concerns exist about increased surgical complication rates; most notably, hematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, and hypocalcemia. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 454 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy between 2003 and 2015. All patients had surgery for hyperthyroidism, benign euthyroid disease, or thyroid malignancy. Results Total thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism was not associated with an increased risk for any postoperative complication. Transient hypocalcemia, temporary dysphonia, and postoperative hematoma rates were not significantly different for patients with hyperthyroid (n = 91), euthyroid benign (n = 237), and malignant (n = 126) disease. Permanent hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were not noted in any hyperthyroid patients. Complication rates were similar for hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease vs toxic multinodular goiter. Conclusion This study affirms safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy as standard treatment for hyperthyroidism.
Affective Perceptions of a Retail Atmosphere

Most studies of retail atmospheric effects on consumers have examined the impact of one or two variables rather than perceptions of the retail environment as a whole. Rather than focusing on the influence of particular variables on a shopper’s behavior, this paper explores consumers’ affective perceptions of a complete or "macro" retail environment.
Thin Gallium Arsenide Solar Cells With Maskless Back Surface Reflectors

This work investigates the optical performance of a textured back surface reflector (BSR) produced by a maskless solution-based wet chemical etch in Al $_\text{0.3}$ Ga $_\text{0.7}$ As for a 1.1- $\mu$ m-thick GaAs solar cell. Combining the maskless texture with the 94% reflective flat mirror resulted in a high haze in reflectance near 80% across the GaAs absorbing region. The increased diffuse reflectance from the maskless BSR provided a 19.7% increase in the integrated short-circuit current density from the base region of the 1.1- $\mu$ m GaAs solar cell with the maskless BSR compared to the simulated 1.1- $\mu$ m solar cell with no light trapping structures. Based on the principle concepts for the Fabry–Perot etalon, the lifetime enhancement factor (LEF), defined as the extended photon lifetime in an optical cavity due to light trapping, was derived for the BSR devices. The LEF for the maskless BSR device was measured to be 4.3 times greater than the single-pass photon lifetime, agreeing with the high haze in reflectance and improved photoabsorption near the GaAs band edge. This value agrees with the F factor in the analytical propagation model that fits the experimental external quantum efficiency curves and justifies using the LEF to quantitatively represent the optical performance of light trapping structures in sub- $\mu$ m thick solar cells.
Formation of reaction intermediates and primary volatiles during acid-catalysed fast pyrolysis of cellulose in a wire-mesh reactor

Abstract This study aims to understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms during fast pyrolysis of the acid-impregnated cellulose in a wire-mesh reactor at 40–450 °C and 20 °C/s, via quantifying key compounds in the reaction intermediates and primary volatiles. Acid impregnation reduces the onset reaction temperature of cellulose pyrolysis. During acid-catalysed cellulose pyrolysis, 1,6-anhydro-β- d -glucofuranose (AGF), levoglucosenone (LGO) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) are identified as major products in the primary volatiles, and the formation of levoglucosan is greatly suppressed. At temperatures 160 °C, acid enhances the dehydration of glucose, levoglucosan and AGF to produce 5-HMF and LGO as major primary products. Once produced, those products can be easily released into the vapour phase, as either aerosols via thermal ejection or vapours via evaporation. As the pyrolysis temperature increases to 240 °C, aromatic compounds can be identified in the primary volatiles, indicating condensation reactions also play important roles during acid-catalysed cellulose pyrolysis under the conditions. As a result, char formation becomes the favoured pathway during acid-catalysed cellulose pyrolysis at temperatures > 300 °C.
Leadership, health systems and policy: Doctoral education and integrated clinical application.

Abstract Scientifically rigorous and readily transferable nursing research as a foundation for development of sound local and national policy can be further delivered into the policy arena by PhD prepared nurse leaders. Core curricular elements in the preparation of nurse scientists to advance the profession must therefore include competencies in leadership, health care systems, health economics, and policy. We present a curriculum model from a university in the southern United States that includes both a theoretical and application approach to incorporate a Leadership in Health Care Systems Course and Field Experience. Implementation of this approach is thought to result in a nurse scientist to have better preparation to engage in and with the broader health care system, policy, and interprofessional collaboration more quickly. We then present a student exemplar of a doctoral student's leadership field experience in a national advocacy and legislative process and discuss educational and professional gains from this lived experience.
Impact of Vitamin A transport and storage on intestinal retinoid homeostasis and functions

Abstract Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase and retinol-binding protein enable vitamin A (VA) storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (VA derivatives). The precarious VA status of the lecithin:retinol acyltransferase–deficient (Lrat−/−) retinol-binding protein–deficient (Rbp−/−) mice rapidly deteriorates upon dietary VA restriction, leading to signs of severe vitamin A deficiency (VAD). As retinoids impact gut morphology and functions, VAD is often linked to intestinal pathological conditions and microbial dysbiosis. Thus, we investigated the contribution of VA storage and transport to intestinal retinoid homeostasis and functionalities. We showed the occurrence of intestinal VAD in Lrat−/−Rbp−/− mice, demonstrating the critical role of both pathways in preserving gut retinoid homeostasis. Moreover, in the mutant colon, VAD resulted in a compromised intestinal barrier as manifested by reduced mucins and antimicrobial defense, leaky gut, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and altered mucosal immunocytokine profiles. These perturbations were accompanied by fecal dysbiosis, revealing that the VA status (sufficient vs. deficient), rather than the amount of dietary VA per se, is likely a major initial discriminant of the intestinal microbiome. Our data also pointed to a specific fecal taxonomic profile and distinct microbial functionalities associated with VAD. Overall, our findings revealed the suitability of the Lrat−/−Rbp−/− mice as a model to study intestinal dysfunctions and dysbiosis promoted by changes in tissue retinoid homeostasis induced by the host VA status and/or intake.
In Defense of Felon-in-Possession Laws

The federal statute prohibiting convicted felons from possessing, selling, or using firearms, 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), is our most important gun regulation in terms of enforcement or limitations on ownership. Yet the statute and its operation have received little academic attention, even among scholars who write about gun rights and gun control. It functions as the cornerstone of the federal background check system for firearm purchases, as it is the most frequent reason for denials in gun purchaser background checks; violations of this statute are one of the primary grounds for revoking licenses of gun dealers. Recent academic articles and court challenges have attacked the constitutionality of felon-in-possession laws, or at least the breadth of their coverage. These challenges and critiques have argued that firearm disqualification should apply only to “dangerous” felons or those with “violent” felony convictions. This Article sets forth a defense of felon-in-possession laws, approaching the issue from four angles. First, the legitimacy of the federal law is well-settled: The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Heller expressly stated that the felon prohibitor rule remained untouched by the Court’s decision in that case. Every circuit court has rejected facial constitutional challenges to the law, most have rejected as-applied challenges as well, and the Supreme Court has repeatedly refused to hear these cases. Second, the centrality of the felon-in-possession law to our overall system of firearm regulation means that abolishing it or significantly narrowing it would be extremely disruptive and have unforeseen consequences. Third, the counterproposal, to distinguish between “violent” and “nonviolent” felonies, has already proved unworkable in related areas, such as the ACCA and the federal sentencing guidelines. Fourth, this Article shows that the felon prohibitor rule is necessary because it is the best way to keep guns out of vulnerable, poverty-stricken communities, and to protect the felons themselves, who are in a high-risk group for gun suicides. At the same time, some modifications to the rule – especially in terms of sentencing – could mitigate the problem of its contribution to mass incarceration.
A multimodal machine vision system for quality inspection of onions

Abstract A multimodal machine vision system was developed to evaluate quality factors of onions holistically and nondestructively. The system integrated hyperspectral, 3D, and X-ray imaging sensors. A LabVIEW program was developed to acquire color images, spectral images, depth images, X-ray images of onions, and measure the weight of onions. With the multimodal data collected, algorithms were developed to calculate the maximum diameter, volume, density, and detect latent defects of onions. Three groups of sweet onions (regular, inoculated with Burkholderia cepacia, and inoculated with Pseudomonas viridiflava) were tested. Results showed that the system accurately measured the weight (RMSE = 3.6 g), diameter (RMSE = 1.7 mm), volume (RMSE = 16.5 cm3), and density (RMSE = 0.03 g/cm3) of onions, and correctly classified 88.9% healthy and defective onions. This work demonstrated a promising approach to evaluate both external and internal quality parameters of onions, which is applicable to onion packinghouses. The proposed system and methods are also potentially applicable to quality inspection of other agricultural products.
Testing CPT and Lorentz symmetry with hydrogen masers

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. D 63, 111101 (2001)] we reported a new limit on CPT (charge, parity, and time reversal) and Lorentz violation of the proton by using a hydrogen maser to search for a sidereal variation of the $F=1,$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{F}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ Zeeman frequency in atomic hydrogen. Here we discuss the theoretical interpretation of this recent experiment, the operating principles of the maser, and the double-resonance technique used to measure the Zeeman frequency. We also describe the characterization of systematic effects and details of the data analysis. We conclude by comparing our result to other recent experiments, and discussing potential improvements to the hydrogen maser double-resonance technique.
CHAPTER 7 – Strain in GaN Thin Films and Heterostructures

This chapter reviews the current understanding of stress- and strain-related phenomena in gallium nitride (GaN) thin films and heterostructures. It discusses their impact on thin-film growth if any physical property of thin films is affected. The chapter presents several examples to study the surface morphology of the GaN films, native defect formation, the incorporation of dopants, and photoluminescence. A growth cycle for thin films and heterostructures comprises three steps: the surface nitridation, the buffer layer, and the main-layer growth. The main-layer deposition introduces strain if its lattice parameter differs from the buffer layer at the growth temperature. Lattice parameters are usually changed by a variation of native defect concentrations or by the incorporation of dopants and impurities. Such point defects introduce hydrostatic strain components. Thus, hydrostatic and biaxial strain components coexist in the films and are physically of different origin.
Electron Transport Systems of Yeast III. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE

Abstract Cytochrome oxidase, prepared from the electron transport particles of yeast, has been purified approximately 5- to 6-fold. The enzyme preparation contained copper, nonheme iron, "labile sulfide," and cytochromes a + a3 in approximately equimolar amounts, and 25 to 30% lipid on a dry weight basis. Difference spectra (reduced minus oxidized) of the enzyme preparation showed absorption maxima at 445 and 604 mµ and a small broad peak at 650 to 750 mµ, but no change in absorbance was found in the region 800 to 900 mµ. Yeast cytochrome oxidase was strongly inhibited by cyanide, azide, diethyldithiocarbamate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but not by p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid or antimycin A.
Sequoyah Ice Condenser Containment Structure

The Sequoyah Nuclear Plant (TVA) contains two Westinghouse Electric Corporation 1221-Mwe units with a pressurized water steam supply system and an ice condenser containment. This plant is designed to absorb the energy from accidental ruptures of the reactor coolant system by routing the flow of steam through 1200 tons of ice. The routing of steam is accomplished by an internal reinforced concrete structure which houses the reactor and steam generator equipment. By using the ice to absorb the energy, the containment pressure is reduced and contained inside a freestanding steel vessel. The structural loadings, methods of analysis, allowable stresses, and controlling design conditions for the concrete shield building, structural steel freestanding containment vessel and internal concrete structure are examined.
On the Welfare Cost of Consumption Fluctuations in the Presence of Memorable Goods, Second Version

We propose a new category of consumption goods, memorable goods, that generate a flow of utility after consumption. We analyze an otherwise standard consumption model that distinguishes memorable goods from other nondurable goods. Consumers optimally choose lumpy consumption of memorable goods. We empirically document differences between levels and volatilities of memorable and other goods expenditures. Memorable goods expenditures are about twice durable goods expenditures and half the volatility. The welfare cost of consumption fluctuations driven by income shocks are overstated if memorable goods are not accounted for and estimates of excess sensitivity of consumption might be due to memorable goods.
Use of Antiviral-Antiferritin Hybrid Antibody for Localization of Viral Antigen in Plasma Membrane

Reduced Fab' fragments of viral antibody hybridized with reduced Fab' fragments of antiferritin immunoglobulin G bind to viral antigenic sites in the plasma membrane of L cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. The hybrid antibody reacts specifically with ferritin, which can be identified by electron microscopy, and with fluorescein-conjugated apoferritin, which can be identified by fluorescence microscopy.
Characterization of the autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A.

Abstract Cells infected by tsA mutants of simian virus 40 (SV40) overproduce early RNA. Overproduction results from failure of the temperature-sensitive A protein (T antigen) to inhibit early transcription. The amount of early RNA in the cytoplasm, determined quantitatively from the kinetics of hybridization to labeled complementary SV40 DNA, was elevated at both permissive (32°C) and nonpermissive (41°C) temperatures in all the early mutants tested (tsA7, -30, -58, and -209), but not in the late mutant tsB4. The amount of early RNA in a culture maintained at 32°C for 72 h and then shifted to 41°C was maximum when each cell was infected initially with at least one plaque-forming unit of tsA58. Azidocytidine (2′-deoxy-2′-azidocytidine), which inhibits initiation of DNA synthesis, did not cause overproduction of early RNA in cells infected with wild-type SV40, showing that the effect seen with tsA mutants is not due to interference with initiation of DNA synthesis per se. In parallel infections at 41°C, the amount of early RNA per copy of viral DNA was as much as 2,000 times greater with tsA58 than with wild-type SV40, even though there was no replication of the tsA58 DNA. Synthesis of late RNA could not be detected during the first 20 h of an infection by either virus at 32°C, indicating that late and early transcription are under different control. In three cell lines transformed by tsA mutants, the amount of early RNA increased moderately after a shift from 32 to 41°C, whereas with homologous cells transformed by wild-type virus, the amount of early RNA decreased, indicating that the A protein may be able to repress transcription of integrated SV40 DNA. All the observations are consistent with a simple model in which the binding of A protein at the origin of replication blocks either binding of RNA polymerase to the early promoter or its progress through the early gene(s).
Intracerebral pressure waves and sleep disordered breathing

Increases in Intracerebral pressure (ICP) have been reported to occur in patients with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in association with the periods of oxygen desaturation. These studies however, involved very small sample sizes.
Firm-Specific Information and the Efficiency of Investment

We use a new firm-level dataset to examine the efficiency of investment in emerging economies. In the three-year period following stock market liberalizations, the growth rate of the typical firm's capital stock exceeds its pre-liberalization mean by an average of 5.4 percentage points. Cross-sectional changes in investment are significantly correlated with the signals about fundamentals embedded in the stock price changes that occur upon liberalization. Panel data estimations show that a 1-percentage point increase in a firm's expected future sales growth predicts a 4.1-percentage point increase in its investment; country-specific changes in the cost of capital predict a 2.3-percentage point increase in investment; firm-specific changes in risk premia do not affect investment.
Suturing Versus Immobilization of a Muscle Laceration A Morphological and Functional Study in a Mouse Model

Muscle laceration remains a difficult problem for orthopaedic surgeons. Despite many studies related to the muscle's ability to regenerate after muscle degeneration, very few reports are available regarding structural and functional recovery after skeletal muscle laceration. We developed an animal model of muscle laceration in mice, where the gastrocnemius muscles were reproducibly transected. We compared the effect of a surgical repair versus a short period of immobilization (5 days) on the muscle healing. The natural course of muscle recovery was monitored at several points after injury using histologic, immunohistochemical, and functional testing. In the injured muscle, we observed a high number of regenerating myofibers and development of fibrotic scar tissue. Suturing the lacerated muscle immediately after injury promoted better healing of the injured muscle and prevented the development of deep scar tissue in the lacerated muscle; conversely, immobilization resulted in slower muscle regeneration and the development of a large area of scar tissue. Tetanus strength 1 month after injury was 81% of control muscles for the sutured muscles, 35% for the lacerated muscles with no treatment, and 18% for the immobilized muscles. Based on this study, suturing a muscle laceration with a modified Kessler stitch results in the best morphologic and functional healing.
Codeless Screen-Oriented Programming for Enterprise Mobile Applications

Designing the user interface (UI) of mobile applications in the enterprise is performed in many cases by the application users who represent the business needs. This is based on existing developed enterprise services that can be accessed by these applications. Design the UI of the mobile applications require programming environments that are as much as possible codeless and easy to use. In this paper, we present NitroGen which is a cloud-based platform-independent tool that provides with no installation, a consumable integrated set of capabilities to construct mobile solutions aiming at reducing development and maintenance costs. We further illustrate how to use NitroGen showing its visual touch-based mostly codeless way of programming. NitroGen can easily connect to back-end services thus enable fast and facile development in enterprises.
A dangerous boomerang: Injunctive norms, hostile sexist attitudes, and male-to-female sexual aggression.

This study examined the interactive effects of injunctive norm exposure and hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes on men's sexually aggressive responses during a behavioral analogue paradigm in which they interacted online with a bogus female partner. Heterosexual adult men (n = 201), recruited from an online sample, read fictional information regarding other men's approval of misogynistic, paternalistic, or egalitarian treatment of women, or non-gender-relevant control information. Through a media preference survey, men then learned that their female partner disliked sexual content in films, after which they had an opportunity to send her up to 120 sec' worth of either a sexually explicit or nonsexual film clip. Validating the online sexual aggression paradigm, men with a 1-year history of sexual assault exhibited more sexually aggressive responding during the film selection paradigm. Moreover, exposure to injunctive norm information produced a boomerang effect, such that men high in hostile sexist attitudes showed an increase in sexual aggression when confronted with paternalism and gender equality norms. Conversely, exposure to paternalism and gender equality norms suppressed the otherwise protective function of high benevolent sexism in reducing men's sexually aggressive tendencies. The implications of these results for social norms interventions are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1-14, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
CD154 as a potential early molecular biomarker for rapid quantification analysis of active Staphylococcus enterotoxin A.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen producing a group of 21 enterotoxins (SEs). These enterotoxins have two separate but related biological activities. They cause gastroenteritis, and they function as superantigens that activate large numbers of T cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that short-term ex vivo exposure of primary naive CD4+ T-cells to SEA induces differential expression of the T cell surface receptor CD154 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, we show that SEA induces higher CD154 protein expression and higher splenocyte cell proliferation compared with SEB. We also demonstrate that expression of CD154 can be used for rapid detection of active SEA in milk.
Zinc Allosterically Modulates Antagonist Binding to Cloned D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors

Cations of various size and charge were used as atomic scale probes of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Those cations that perturbed the binding of D1- and D2-selective dopamine receptor antagonists were identified by screening at 5 mM cation. Pseudo-noble-gas-configuration d-transition metals, such as zinc, exerted a complete inhibition of specific binding, whereas most other cations had little or no effect. The nature of zinc's actions was characterized by measuring the radioligand binding properties of [3H]SCH-23390 and [3H]methylspiperone to cloned D1A and D2L dopamine receptors in either the presence or absence of Zn2+. Zinc exerts a low-affinity, dose-dependent, EDTA-reversible inhibition of the binding of subtype-specific antagonists primarily by decreasing the ligands' affinity for their receptors. The mechanism of zinc inhibition appears to be allosteric modulation of the dopamine receptor proteins because zinc increases the dissociation constant (K(D)) of ligand binding, Schild-type plots of zinc inhibition reach a plateau, and zinc accelerates antagonist dissociation rates. Here we demonstrate the effect of zinc on the binding of D1- and D2-selective antagonists to cloned dopamine receptors and show that the inhibition by zinc is through a dose-dependent, reversible, allosteric, two-state modulation of dopamine receptors.
Nucleation-catalysis-kinetics analysis under dynamic conditions

Even at large undercooling, nucleation during solidification is usually controlled by a heterogeneous process. A number of models have been devised to describe the catalytic potency of various potential nucleation sites. Most common analysis models are based upon continuum descriptions that neglect the atomistic structural features that are important at the critical nucleus size scale. Even when surface structures such as steps are considered, they are treated as static stationary features in catalysis models. At the same time, nucleation is recognized as a dynamic process. Experimental strategies to explore some aspects of nucleation dynamics have been developed based upon the droplet method. In droplet dispersions, heterogeneous catalysis can be examined in two-phase liquid-solid mixtures with well-characterized morphologies to reveal surface structure effects and catalyst dynamics.
Hucleotide sequence of the Bos indicus α‐lactalbumin 5’ flanking region: Comparison with the 605 taurus sequence

Abstract The 5’ flanking region of the α‐lactalbumin gene from Bos indicus (Brahman) and Bos taurus (Holstein) have been sequenced. The sequences were compared to detect potential sequence variations. The 538 bp of 5’ flanking region contained nine sequence variations between the two breeds. Seven of the variations occur in the 5’ flanking region of the α‐lactalbumin gene and two occur in the region encoding the 5’ untranslated region of the mRNA. Seven of the variations are conservative purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine variations, while two are purine to pyrimidine variations.
Entropy and entanglement in quantum ground states

We consider the relationship between correlations and entanglement in gapped quantum systems, with application to matrix product state representations. We prove that there exist gapped one-dimensional local Hamiltonians such that the entropy is exponentially large in the correlation length, and we present strong evidence supporting a conjecture that there exist such systems with arbitrarily large entropy. However, we then show, under an assumption on the density of states which is believed to be satisfied by many physical systems such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, that an efficient matrix product state representation of the ground state exists in any dimension. Finally, we comment on the implications for numerical simulation.
Retroviral transduction and expansion of peripheral blood lymphocytes for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type II, Hunter's syndrome

BACKGROUND: Gene therapy using autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) has been used to produce adenosine deaminase with which to treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) lack iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), and serial PBL gene therapy may benefit these patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The purpose of these studies was to develop a method to transduce PBLs from a patient with MPS II by using a retroviral vector, LS2N, containing the IDS gene. PBLs were collected by apheresis and cryopreserved in aliquots for the performance of multiple transductions and expansions. The PBLs were expanded in number and then transduced in a hollow-fiber bioreactor (HFBR). Additional culture allowed for further expansion. RESULTS: Fresh PBLs (6.2 × 107) from a patient with MPS II were transduced with L2SN and expanded in an HFBR with an extracapillary space of 11 mL. After 10 days of culture, 4.1 × 109 cells were harvested. Cryopreserved MPS II PBLs could not be reliably expanded if they were placed in the HFBR immediately after being thawed; however, cells were successfully transduced and expanded in the HFBR if they were first cultured in a bag. To increase the cell yield, PBLs were expanded in a 60-mL HFBR after transduction and expansion in an 11-mL HFBR. In four separate experiments, 2 × 108 cryopreserved PBL were cultured for 3 days in a bag and transferred to an 11-mL HFBR, where they were transduced daily with L2SN for 3 days and then expanded for 4 additional days. Cells were then transferred into a 60-mL HFBR and expanded for an additional 7 days. In the four experiments, 5.5 × 109, 7.4 × 109, 1.12 × 109, and 19.4 × 109 cells were produced. The vector was detected in the harvested cells, but the proportion of cells transduced was less than 2.5 percent, the lowest standard used in the assay. In two of the experiments, cells harvested from the HFBR were used in a gene therapy clinical trial. CONCLUSION: Autologous cryopreserved PBLs can be transduced and expanded to produce >1 × 1010 cells. This procedure is being used for a Phase I/II clinical trial of lymphocyte gene therapy.
County-Level Crash Risk Analysis in Florida: Bayesian Spatial Modeling

An increasing research effort has been made on spatially disaggregated safety analysis models to meet the needs of region-level safety inspection and recently emerging transportation safety planning techniques. However, without explicitly differentiating exposure variables and risk factors, most existing studies alternate the use of crash frequency, crash rate, and crash risk to interpret model coefficients. This procedure may have resulted in the inconsistent findings in relevant studies. This study proposes a Bayesian spatial model to account for county-level variations of crash risk in Florida by explicitly controlling for exposure variables of daily vehicle miles traveled and population. A conditional autoregressive prior is specified to accommodate for the spatial autocorrelations of adjacent counties. The results show no significant difference in safety effects of risk factors on all crashes and severe crashes. Counties with higher traffic intensity and population density and a higher level of urban...
Augmentation of right ventricular performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by terbutaline: a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study.

The acute hemodynamic and functional effects of the relatively selective beta2 adrenoreceptor agonist, terbutaline, was evaluated in a well defined group of eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abnormal right ventricular performance and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Radionuclide and hemodynamic data were obtained simultaneously using first pass radionuclide angiocardiography and thermodilution pulmonary arterial catheterization. Terbutaline caused no change in right ventricular end-diastolic volume index but increased right ventricular stroke work index from 13 ±5 to 16 ± 6 g · m/m2 (mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.025). Furthermore, pulmonary vascular resistance index decreased in all patients and for the group decreased from 623 ± 279 to 407 ± 204 dynes · s · cm−5 · m2 (p < 0.05). The extent of this decrease correlated linearly with the level of resting pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.76). Right ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly from 35 ± 10 to 46 ± 5 percent; terbutaline resulted in normalization (to greater than 45 percent) of the ejection fraction in five of the eight patients. The changes in right ventricular ejection fraction were greatest in patients with the highest level of pulmonary vascular resistance and the lowest baseline ejection fraction. Left ventricular ejection fraction also increased significantly from 62 ± 10 to 71 ± 10 percent; however, there was no correlation between the change in this variable and either systemic vascular resistance or baseline left ventricular ejection fraction. Systemic oxygen delivery increased from 45 ± 16 to 63 ± 19 ml/min per m2 (p < 0.005) without any change in arterial oxygen tension. This study demonstrates that terbutaline results in substantial augmentation of right ventricular performance. This effect appears to be mediated predominantly through alterations in pulmonary vascular resistance. Terbutaline may provide significant cardiac benefits in addition to its salutory effects on the tracheobronchial tree.